Sample records for high altitude skipping
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Potential applications of skip SMV with thrust engine
Wang, Weilin; Savvaris, Al
2016-11-01
This paper investigates the potential applications of Space Maneuver Vehicles (SMV) with skip trajectory. Due to soaring space operations over the past decades, the risk of space debris has considerably increased such as collision risks with space asset, human property on ground and even aviation. Many active debris removal methods have been investigated and in this paper, a debris remediation method is first proposed based on skip SMV. The key point is to perform controlled re-entry. These vehicles are expected to achieve a trans-atmospheric maneuver with thrust engine. If debris is released at altitude below 80 km, debris could be captured by the atmosphere drag force and re-entry interface prediction accuracy is improved. Moreover if the debris is released in a cargo at a much lower altitude, this technique protects high value space asset from break up by the atmosphere and improves landing accuracy. To demonstrate the feasibility of this concept, the present paper presents the simulation results for two specific mission profiles: (1) descent to predetermined altitude; (2) descent to predetermined point (altitude, longitude and latitude). The evolutionary collocation method is adopted for skip trajectory optimization due to its global optimality and high-accuracy. This method is actually a two-step optimization approach based on the heuristic algorithm and the collocation method. The optimal-control problem is transformed into a nonlinear programming problem (NLP) which can be efficiently and accurately solved by the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) procedure. However, such a method is sensitive to initial values. To reduce the sensitivity problem, genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted to refine the grids and provide near optimum initial values. By comparing the simulation data from different scenarios, it is found that skip SMV is feasible in active debris removal and the evolutionary collocation method gives a truthful re-entry trajectory that satisfies the
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dwitya Elvira
2015-05-01
Full Text Available AbstrakHigh-altitude illness (HAI merupakan sekumpulan gejala paru dan otak yang terjadi pada orang yang baru pertama kali mendaki ke ketinggian. HAI terdiri dari acute mountain sickness (AMS, high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE dan high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE. Tujuan tinjauan pustaka ini adalah agar dokter dan wisatawan memahami risiko, tanda, gejala, dan pengobatan high-altitude illness. Perhatian banyak diberikan terhadap penyakit ini seiring dengan meningkatnya popularitas olahraga ekstrim (mendaki gunung tinggi, ski dan snowboarding dan adanya kemudahan serta ketersediaan perjalanan sehingga jutaan orang dapat terpapar bahaya HAI. Di Pherice, Nepal (ketinggian 4343 m, 43% pendaki mengalami gejala AMS. Pada studi yang dilakukan pada tempat wisata di resort ski Colorado, Honigman menggambarkan kejadian AMS 22% pada ketinggian 1850 m sampai 2750 m, sementara Dean menunjukkan 42% memiliki gejala pada ketinggian 3000 m. Aklimatisasi merupakan salah satu tindakan pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan sebelum pendakian, selain beberapa pengobatan seperti asetazolamid, dexamethasone, phosopodiestrase inhibitor, dan ginko biloba.Kata kunci: high-altitude illness, acute mountain sickness, edema cerebral, pulmonary edema AbstractHigh-altitude illness (HAI is symptoms of lung and brain that occurs in people who first climb to altitude. HAI includes acute mountain sickness (AMS, high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE and high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE. The objective of this review was to understand the risks, signs, symptoms, and treatment of high-altitude illness. The attention was given to this disease due to the rising popularity of extreme sports (high mountain climbing, skiing and snowboarding and the ease and availability of the current travelling, almost each year, millions of people could be exposed to the danger of HAI. In Pherice, Nepal (altitude 4343 m, 43% of climbers have symptoms of AMS. Furthermore, in a study conducted at sites in
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Khodaee, Morteza; Grothe, Heather L; Seyfert, Jonathan H; VanBaak, Karin
2016-01-01
Athletes at different skill levels perform strenuous physical activity at high altitude for a variety of reasons. Multiple team and endurance events are held at high altitude and may place athletes at increased risk for developing acute high altitude illness (AHAI). Training at high altitude has been a routine part of preparation for some of the high level athletes for a long time. There is a general belief that altitude training improves athletic performance for competitive and recreational athletes. A review of relevant publications between 1980 and 2015 was completed using PubMed and Google Scholar. Clinical review. Level 3. AHAI is a relatively uncommon and potentially serious condition among travelers to altitudes above 2500 m. The broad term AHAI includes several syndromes such as acute mountain sickness (AMS), high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). Athletes may be at higher risk for developing AHAI due to faster ascent and more vigorous exertion compared with nonathletes. Evidence regarding the effects of altitude training on athletic performance is weak. The natural live high, train low altitude training strategy may provide the best protocol for enhancing endurance performance in elite and subelite athletes. High altitude sports are generally safe for recreational athletes, but they should be aware of their individual risks. Individualized and appropriate acclimatization is an essential component of injury and illness prevention.
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Hartman-Ksycińska, Anna; Kluz-Zawadzka, Jolanta; Lewandowski, Bogumił
High-altitude illness is a result of prolonged high-altitude exposure of unacclimatized individuals. The illness is seen in the form of acute mountain sickness (AMS) which if not treated leads to potentially life-threatening high altitude pulmonary oedema and high-altitude cerebral oedema. Medical problems are caused by hypobaric hypoxia stimulating hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) release. As a result, the central nervous system, circulation and respiratory system function impairment occurs. The most important factor in AMS treatment is acclimatization, withdrawing further ascent and rest or beginning to descent; oxygen supplementation, and pharmacological intervention, and, if available, a portable hyperbaric chamber. Because of the popularity of high-mountain sports and tourism better education of the population at risk is essential.
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Jain, Vishal
2016-01-01
Scenic view at high altitude is a pleasure to the eyes, but it has some shortcoming effects as well. High altitude can be divided into different categories, i.e., high altitude (3000-5000 ft), very high altitude (5000-8000 ft), and extreme altitude (above 8000 ft). Much of the population resides at high altitude, and others go there for tourism. Military personnel are also posted there to defend boundaries. As we ascent to high altitude, partial pressure of oxygen reduces, whereas concentration remains the same; this reduces the availability of oxygen to different body parts. This pathophysiological condition is known as hypobaric hypoxia (HH) which leads to oxidative stress and further causes cognitive dysfunction in some cases. Hypoxia causes neurodegeneration in different brain regions; however, the hippocampus is found to be more prone in comparison to other brain regions. As the hippocampus is affected most, therefore, spatial memory is impaired most during such condition. This chapter will give a brief review of the damaging effect of high altitude on cognition and also throw light on possible herbal interventions at high altitude, which can improve cognitive performance as well as provide protection against the deteriorating effect of hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Murat Yalcin
2011-04-01
Full Text Available Nowadays, situations associated with high altitude such as mountaineering, aviation increasingly draw the attention of people. Gas pressure decreases and hypoxia is encountered when climbing higher. Physiological and pathological responses of human body to different heights are different. Therefore, physiological and pathological changes that may occur together with height and to know the clinical outcomes of these are important . Acute mountain sickness caused by high altitude and high altitude cerebral edema are preventable diseases with appropriate precautions. Atmospheric oxygen decreasing with height, initiates many adaptive mechanisms. These adaptation mechanisms and acclimatization vary widely among individuals because of reasons such as environmental factors, exercise and cold. High altitude causes different changes in the cardiovascular system with various mechanisms. Although normal individuals easily adapt to these changes, this situation can lead to undesirable results in people with heart disease. For this reason, it should be known the effective evaluation of the people with known heart disease before traveling to high altitude and the complications due to the changes with height and the recommendations can be made to these patients. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2011; 10(2.000: 211-222
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High-altitude pulmonary hypertension
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
X-Q. Xu
2009-03-01
Full Text Available High-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH is a specific disease affecting populations that live at high elevations. The prevalence of HAPH among those residing at high altitudes needs to be further defined. Whereas reduction in nitric oxide production may be one mechanism for the development of HAPH, the roles of endothelin-1 and prostaglandin I2 pathways in the pathogenesis of HAPH deserve further study. Although some studies have suggested that genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of HAPH, data published to date are insufficient for the identification of a significant number of gene polymorphims in HAPH. The clinical presentation of HAPH is nonspecific. Exertional dyspnoea is the most common symptom and signs related to right heart failure are common in late stages of HAPH. Echocardiography is the most useful screening tool and right heart catheterisation is the gold standard for the diagnosis of HAPH. The ideal management for HAPH is migration to lower altitudes. Phosphodiesterase 5 is an attractive drug target for the treatment of HAPH. In addition, acetazolamide is a promising therapeutic agent for high-altitude pulmonary hypertension. To date, no evidence has confirmed whether endothelin-receptor antagonists have efficacy in the treatment of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Andrew M. Luks
2017-02-01
Full Text Available At any point 1–5 days following ascent to altitudes ≥2500 m, individuals are at risk of developing one of three forms of acute altitude illness: acute mountain sickness, a syndrome of nonspecific symptoms including headache, lassitude, dizziness and nausea; high-altitude cerebral oedema, a potentially fatal illness characterised by ataxia, decreased consciousness and characteristic changes on magnetic resonance imaging; and high-altitude pulmonary oedema, a noncardiogenic form of pulmonary oedema resulting from excessive hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction which can be fatal if not recognised and treated promptly. This review provides detailed information about each of these important clinical entities. After reviewing the clinical features, epidemiology and current understanding of the pathophysiology of each disorder, we describe the current pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Qi-quan ZHOU
2012-02-01
Full Text Available Objective To investigate the diagnostic method of high-altitude de-adaptation and constitute the diagnostic criteria of high-altitude de-adaptation for people returning to the plains from high-altitude. Methods Epidemiological survey and clinical multicenter randomized controlled studies were used to determine/perform blood picture, routine urine analysis, routine stool examination, myocardial enzymes, liver and kidney functions, nerve function, sex hormone, microalbuminuria, ECG, echocardiography, pulmonary function tests, and so on, in 3011 subjects after they returned to the plains from high-altitude. The diagnostic criteria of high-altitude de-adaptation were formulated by a comparative analysis of the obtained data with those of healthy subjects living in the same area, altitude, and age. The regularity and characteristics of high-altitude de-adaptation syndrome were found and diagnostic criteria for high-altitude de-adaptation was established based on the results. Results The investigative results showed that the incidence of high-altitude de-adaptation syndrome was found in 84.36% of population returning to the plains from high-altitude. About 60% of them were considered to have mild reactions, 30% medium, and only 10% were severe. The lower the altitude they returned to, the longer the duration of stay in highland, and the heavier the labor they engaged in high altitude, the higher the incidence rate of high-altitude de-adaptation syndrome was. Patients with high-altitude de-adaptation syndrome exhibited hematological abnormality and abnormal ventricular function, especially the right ventricular diastolic function after returning for 1 year to 5 years. Long-term hypoxia exposure often caused obvious change in cardiac morphology with left and right ventricular hypertrophy, particularly the right ventricle. In addition, low blood pressure and low pulse pressure were found at times. Microalbuminuria was found in some high-altitude de
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He, Binfeng; Wang, Jianchun; Qian, Guisheng; Hu, Mingdong; Qu, Xinming; Wei, Zhenghua; Li, Jin; Chen, Yan; Chen, Huaping; Zhou, Qiquan; Wang, Guansong
2013-01-01
The syndrome of high-altitude de-acclimatization commonly takes place after long-term exposure to high altitudes upon return to low altitudes. The syndrome severely affects the returnee's quality of life. However, little attention has been paid to careful characterization of the syndrome and their underlying mechanisms. Male subjects from Chongqing (n = 67, 180 m) and Kunming (n = 70, 1800 m) visited a high-altitude area (3650 m) about 6 months and then returned to low-altitude. After they came back, all subjects were evaluated for high-altitude de-acclimatization syndrome on the 3(rd), 50(th), and 100(th). Symptom scores, routine blood and blood gas tests, and myocardial zymograms assay were used for observation their syndrome. The results showed that the incidence and severity of symptoms had decreased markedly on the 50(th) and 100(th) days, compared with the 3(rd) day. The symptom scores and incidence of different symptoms were lower among subjects returning to Kunming than among those returning to Chongqing. On the 3(rd) day, RBC, Hb, Hct, CK, CK-MB, and LDH values were significantly lower than values recorded at high altitudes, but they were higher than baseline values. On the 50(th) day, these values were not different from baseline values, but LDH levels did not return to baseline until the 100(th) day. These data show that, subjects who suffered high-altitude de-acclimatization syndrome, the recovery fully processes takes a long time (≥ 100(th) days). The appearance of the syndrome is found to be related to the changes in RBC, Hb, Hct, CK, CK-MB, and LDH levels, which should be caused by reoxygenation after hypoxia.
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Valence skipping driven superconductivity and charge Kondo effect
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Yanagisawa, Takashi; Hase, Izumi
2013-01-01
Highlights: •Valence skipping in metallic compounds can give rise to an unconventional superconductivity. •Several elements in the periodic table show valence skipping (or valence missing), for example, Bi forms the compounds in valence states +3 and +5. •The doping of valence skipping elements will induce superconductivity and this will lead to a possibility of high temperature superconductivity. •We consider the Wolf model with negative-U impurities, and show a phase diagram including superconducting phase. •There is a high temperature region near the boundary. -- Abstract: Valence skipping in metallic compounds can give rise to an unconventional superconductivity. Several elements in the periodic table show valence skipping (or valence missing), for example, Bi forms the compounds in valence states +3 and +5. The doping of valence skipping elements will induce superconductivity and this will lead to a possibility of high temperature superconductivity. We consider the Wolf model with negative-U impurities, and show a phase diagram including superconducting phase. The superconducting state is changed into a metallic state with a local singlet as the attractive interaction |U| increases. There is a high temperature region near the boundary
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Shilajit: A panacea for high-altitude problems.
Meena, Harsahay; Pandey, H K; Arya, M C; Ahmed, Zakwan
2010-01-01
High altitude problems like hypoxia, acute mountain sickness, high altitude cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, insomnia, tiredness, lethargy, lack of appetite, body pain, dementia, and depression may occur when a person or a soldier residing in a lower altitude ascends to high-altitude areas. These problems arise due to low atmospheric pressure, severe cold, high intensity of solar radiation, high wind velocity, and very high fluctuation of day and night temperatures in these regions. These problems may escalate rapidly and may sometimes become life-threatening. Shilajit is a herbomineral drug which is pale-brown to blackish-brown, is composed of a gummy exudate that oozes from the rocks of the Himalayas in the summer months. It contains humus, organic plant materials, and fulvic acid as the main carrier molecules. It actively takes part in the transportation of nutrients into deep tissues and helps to overcome tiredness, lethargy, and chronic fatigue. Shilajit improves the ability to handle high altitudinal stresses and stimulates the immune system. Thus, Shilajit can be given as a supplement to people ascending to high-altitude areas so that it can act as a "health rejuvenator" and help to overcome high-altitude related problems.
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Early history of high-altitude physiology.
West, John B
2016-02-01
High-altitude physiology can be said to have begun in 1644 when Torricelli described the first mercury barometer and wrote the immortal words "We live submerged at the bottom of an ocean of the element air." Interestingly, the notion of atmospheric pressure had eluded his teacher, the great Galileo. Blaise Pascal was responsible for describing the fall in pressure with increasing altitude, and Otto von Guericke gave a dramatic demonstration of the enormous force that could be developed by atmospheric pressure. Robert Boyle learned of Guericke's experiment and, with Robert Hooke, constructed the first air pump that allowed small animals to be exposed to a low pressure. Hooke also constructed a small low-pressure chamber and exposed himself to a simulated altitude of about 2400 meters. With the advent of ballooning, humans were rapidly exposed to very low pressures, sometimes with tragic results. For example, the French balloon, Zénith, rose to over 8000 m, and two of the three aeronauts succumbed to the hypoxia. Paul Bert was the first person to clearly state that the deleterious effects of high altitude were caused by the low partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), and later research was accelerated by high-altitude stations and expeditions to high altitude. © 2015 New York Academy of Sciences.
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High Altitude Launch for a Practical SSTO
Landis, Geoffrey A.; Denis, Vincent
2003-01-01
Existing engineering materials allow the constuction of towers to heights of many kilometers. Orbital launch from a high altitude has significant advantages over sea-level launch due to the reduced atmospheric pressure, resulting in lower atmospheric drag on the vehicle and allowing higher rocket engine performance. High-altitude launch sites are particularly advantageous for single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicles, where the payload is typically 2% of the initial launch mass. An earlier paper enumerated some of the advantages of high altitude launch of SSTO vehicles. In this paper, we calculate launch trajectories for a candidate SSTO vehicle, and calculate the advantage of launch at launch altitudes 5 to 25 kilometer altitudes above sea level. The performance increase can be directly translated into increased payload capability to orbit, ranging from 5 to 20% increase in the mass to orbit. For a candidate vehicle with an initial payload fraction of 2% of gross lift-off weight, this corresponds to 31% increase in payload (for 5-km launch altitude) to 122% additional payload (for 25-km launch altitude).
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DLR HABLEG- High Altitude Balloon Launched Experimental Glider
Wlach, S.; Schwarzbauch, M.; Laiacker, M.
2015-09-01
The group Flying Robots at the DLR Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics in Oberpfaffenhofen conducts research on solar powered high altitude aircrafts. Due to the high altitude and the almost infinite mission duration, these platforms are also denoted as High Altitude Pseudo-Satellites (HAPS). This paper highlights some aspects of the design, building, integration and testing of a flying experimental platform for high altitudes. This unmanned aircraft, with a wingspan of 3 m and a mass of less than 10 kg, is meant to be launched as a glider from a high altitude balloon in 20 km altitude and shall investigate technologies for future large HAPS platforms. The aerodynamic requirements for high altitude flight included the development of a launch method allowing for a safe transition to horizontal flight from free-fall with low control authority. Due to the harsh environmental conditions in the stratosphere, the integration of electronic components in the airframe is a major effort. For regulatory reasons a reliable and situation dependent flight termination system had to be implemented. In May 2015 a flight campaign was conducted. The mission was a full success demonstrating that stratospheric research flights are feasible with rather small aircrafts.
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High-altitude adaptations in vertebrate hemoglobins
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Weber, Roy E.
2007-01-01
Vertebrates at high altitude are subjected to hypoxic conditions that challenge aerobic metabolism. O2 transport from the respiratory surfaces to tissues requires matching between the O2 loading and unloading tensions and theO2-affinity of blood, which is an integrated function of hemoglobin......, birds and ectothermic vertebrates at high altitude....
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High-Altitude Illnesses: Physiology, Risk Factors, Prevention, and Treatment
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Andrew T. Taylor
2011-01-01
Full Text Available High-altitude illnesses encompass the pulmonary and cerebral syndromes that occur in non-acclimatized individuals after rapid ascent to high altitude. The most common syndrome is acute mountain sickness (AMS which usually begins within a few hours of ascent and typically consists of headache variably accompanied by loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, disturbed sleep, fatigue, and dizziness. With millions of travelers journeying to high altitudes every year and sleeping above 2,500 m, acute mountain sickness is a wide-spread clinical condition. Risk factors include home elevation, maximum altitude, sleeping altitude, rate of ascent, latitude, age, gender, physical condition, intensity of exercise, pre-acclimatization, genetic make-up, and pre-existing diseases. At higher altitudes, sleep disturbances may become more profound, mental performance is impaired, and weight loss may occur. If ascent is rapid, acetazolamide can reduce the risk of developing AMS, although a number of high-altitude travelers taking acetazolamide will still develop symptoms. Ibuprofen can be effective for headache. Symptoms can be rapidly relieved by descent, and descent is mandatory, if at all possible, for the management of the potentially fatal syndromes of high-altitude pulmonary and cerebral edema. The purpose of this review is to combine a discussion of specific risk factors, prevention, and treatment options with a summary of the basic physiologic responses to the hypoxia of altitude to provide a context for managing high-altitude illnesses and advising the non-acclimatized high-altitude traveler.
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Skipping of Chinese characters does not rely on word-based processing.
Lin, Nan; Angele, Bernhard; Hua, Huimin; Shen, Wei; Zhou, Junyi; Li, Xingshan
2018-02-01
Previous eye-movement studies have indicated that people tend to skip extremely high-frequency words in sentence reading, such as "the" in English and "/de" in Chinese. Two alternative hypotheses have been proposed to explain how this frequent skipping happens in Chinese reading: one assumes that skipping happens when the preview has been fully identified at the word level (word-based skipping); the other assumes that skipping happens whenever the preview character is easy to identify regardless of whether lexical processing has been completed or not (character-based skipping). Using the gaze-contingent display change paradigm, we examined the two hypotheses by substituting the preview of the third character of a four-character Chinese word with the high-frequency Chinese character "/de", which should disrupt the ongoing word-level processing. The character-based skipping hypothesis predicts that this manipulation will enhance the skipping probability of the target character (i.e., the third character of the target word), because the character "/de" has much higher character frequency than the original character. The word-based skipping hypothesis instead predicts a reduction of the skipping probability of the target character because the presence of the character "/de" is lexically infelicitous at word level. The results supported the character-based skipping hypothesis, indicating that in Chinese reading the decision of skipping a character can be made before integrating it into a word.
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Can High Altitude Influence Cytokines and Sleep?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Valdir de Aquino Lemos
2013-01-01
Full Text Available The number of persons who relocate to regions of high altitude for work, pleasure, sport, or residence increases every year. It is known that the reduced supply of oxygen (O2 induced by acute or chronic increases in altitude stimulates the body to adapt to new metabolic challenges imposed by hypoxia. Sleep can suffer partial fragmentation because of the exposure to high altitudes, and these changes have been described as one of the responsible factors for the many consequences at high altitudes. We conducted a review of the literature during the period from 1987 to 2012. This work explored the relationships among inflammation, hypoxia and sleep in the period of adaptation and examined a novel mechanism that might explain the harmful effects of altitude on sleep, involving increased Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β, Interleukin-6 (IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α production from several tissues and cells, such as leukocytes and cells from skeletal muscle and brain.
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Can High Altitude Influence Cytokines and Sleep?
de Aquino Lemos, Valdir; dos Santos, Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli; Lira, Fabio Santos; Rodrigues, Bruno; Tufik, Sergio; de Mello, Marco Tulio
2013-01-01
The number of persons who relocate to regions of high altitude for work, pleasure, sport, or residence increases every year. It is known that the reduced supply of oxygen (O2) induced by acute or chronic increases in altitude stimulates the body to adapt to new metabolic challenges imposed by hypoxia. Sleep can suffer partial fragmentation because of the exposure to high altitudes, and these changes have been described as one of the responsible factors for the many consequences at high altitudes. We conducted a review of the literature during the period from 1987 to 2012. This work explored the relationships among inflammation, hypoxia and sleep in the period of adaptation and examined a novel mechanism that might explain the harmful effects of altitude on sleep, involving increased Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production from several tissues and cells, such as leukocytes and cells from skeletal muscle and brain. PMID:23690660
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Hughes, Benjamin H; Brinton, John T; Ingram, David G; Halbower, Ann C
2017-09-01
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is prevalent among children and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Worldwide, approximately 250 million individuals reside at altitudes higher than 2000 meters above sea level (masl). The effect of chronic high-altitude exposure on children with SDB is unknown. This study aims to determine the impact of altitude on sleep study outcomes in children with SDB dwelling at high altitude. A single-center crossover study was performed to compare results of high-altitude home polysomnography (H-PSG) with lower altitude laboratory polysomnography (L-PSG) in school-age children dwelling at high altitude with symptoms consistent with SDB. The primary outcome was apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), with secondary outcomes including obstructive AHI; central AHI; and measures of oxygenation, sleep quality, and pulse rate. Twelve participants were enrolled, with 10 included in the final analysis. Median altitude was 1644 masl on L-PSG and 2531 masl on H-PSG. Median AHI was 2.40 on L-PSG and 10.95 on H-PSG. Both obstructive and central respiratory events accounted for the difference in AHI. Oxygenation and sleep fragmentation were worse and pulse rate higher on H-PSG compared to L-PSG. These findings reveal a clinically substantial impact of altitude on respiratory, sleep, and cardiovascular outcomes in children with SDB who dwell at high altitude. Within this population, L-PSG underestimates obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea compared to H-PSG. Given the shortage of high-altitude pediatric sleep laboratories, these results suggest a role for home sleep apnea testing for children residing at high altitude. © Sleep Research Society 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Acute high-altitude illness | Hofmeyr | South African Medical Journal
African Journals Online (AJOL)
A substantial proportion of South Africa (SA)'s population lives at high altitude (>1 500 m), and many travel to very high altitudes (>3 500 m) for tourism, business, recreation or religious pilgrimages every year. Despite this, knowledge of acute altitude illnesses is poor among SA doctors. At altitude, the decreasing ambient ...
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Roach, Gregory D; Schmidt, Walter F; Aughey, Robert J; Bourdon, Pitre C; Soria, Rudy; Claros, Jesus C Jimenez; Garvican-Lewis, Laura A; Buchheit, Martin; Simpson, Ben M; Hammond, Kristal; Kley, Marlen; Wachsmuth, Nadine; Gore, Christopher J; Sargent, Charli
2013-12-01
Altitude exposure causes acute sleep disruption in non-athletes, but little is known about its effects in elite athletes. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of altitude on two groups of elite athletes, that is, sea-level natives and high-altitude natives. Sea-level natives were members of the Australian under-17 soccer team (n=14). High-altitude natives were members of a Bolivian under-20 club team (n=12). Teams participated in an 18-day (19 nights) training camp in Bolivia, with 6 nights at near sea level in Santa Cruz (430 m) and 13 nights at high altitude in La Paz (3600 m). Sleep was assessed on every day/night using activity monitors. The Australians' sleep was shorter, and of poorer quality, on the first night at altitude compared with sea level. Sleep quality returned to normal by the end of the first week at altitude, but sleep quantity had still not stabilised at its normal level after 2 weeks. The quantity and quality of sleep obtained by the Bolivians was similar, or greater, on all nights at altitude compared with sea level. The Australians tended to obtain more sleep than the Bolivians at sea level and altitude, but the quality of the Bolivians' sleep tended to be better than that of the Australians at altitude. Exposure to high altitude causes acute and chronic disruption to the sleep of elite athletes who are sea-level natives, but it does not affect the sleep of elite athletes who are high-altitude natives.
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Preacclimatization in hypoxic chambers for high altitude sojourns.
Küpper, Thomas E A H; Schöffl, Volker
2010-09-01
Since hypoxic chambers are more and more available, they are used for preacclimatization to prepare for sojourns at high altitude. Since there are different protocols and the data differ, there is no general consensus about the standard how to perform preacclimatization by simulated altitude. The paper reviews the different types of exposure and focuses on the target groups which may benefit from preacclimatization. Since data about intermittent hypoxia for some hours per day to reduce the incidence of acute mountain sickness differ, it is suggested to perform preacclimatization by sleeping some nights at a simulated altitude which follows the altitude profile of the "gold standard" for high altitude acclimatization.
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High-Altitude-Induced alterations in Gut-Immune Axis: A review.
Khanna, Kunjan; Mishra, K P; Ganju, Lilly; Kumar, Bhuvnesh; Singh, Shashi Bala
2018-03-04
High-altitude sojourn above 8000 ft is increasing day by day either for pilgrimage, mountaineering, holidaying or for strategic reasons. In India, soldiers are deployed to these high mountains for their duty or pilgrims visit to the holy places, which are located at very high altitude. A large population also resides permanently in high altitude regions. Every year thousands of pilgrims visit Holy cave of Shri Amarnath ji, which is above 15 000 ft. The poor acclimatization to high altitude may cause alteration in immunity. The low oxygen partial pressure may cause alterations in gut microbiota, which may cause changes in gut immunity. Effect of high altitude on gut-associated mucosal system is new area of research. Many studies have been carried out to understand the physiology and immunology behind the high-altitude-induced gut problems. Few interventions have also been discovered to circumvent the problems caused due to high-altitude conditions. In this review, we have discussed the effects of high-altitude-induced changes in gut immunity particularly peyer's patches, NK cells and inflammatory cytokines, secretary immunoglobulins and gut microbiota. The published articles from PubMed and Google scholar from year 1975 to 2017 on high-altitude hypoxia and gut immunity are cited in this review.
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Roach, Gregory D; Schmidt, Walter F; Aughey, Robert J; Bourdon, Pitre C; Soria, Rudy; Claros, Jesus C Jimenez; Garvican-Lewis, Laura A; Buchheit, Martin; Simpson, Ben M; Hammond, Kristal; Kley, Marlen; Wachsmuth, Nadine; Gore, Christopher J; Sargent, Charli
2013-01-01
Background Altitude exposure causes acute sleep disruption in non-athletes, but little is known about its effects in elite athletes. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of altitude on two groups of elite athletes, that is, sea-level natives and high-altitude natives. Methods Sea-level natives were members of the Australian under-17 soccer team (n=14). High-altitude natives were members of a Bolivian under-20 club team (n=12). Teams participated in an 18-day (19 nights) training camp in Bolivia, with 6 nights at near sea level in Santa Cruz (430 m) and 13 nights at high altitude in La Paz (3600 m). Sleep was assessed on every day/night using activity monitors. Results The Australians’ sleep was shorter, and of poorer quality, on the first night at altitude compared with sea level. Sleep quality returned to normal by the end of the first week at altitude, but sleep quantity had still not stabilised at its normal level after 2 weeks. The quantity and quality of sleep obtained by the Bolivians was similar, or greater, on all nights at altitude compared with sea level. The Australians tended to obtain more sleep than the Bolivians at sea level and altitude, but the quality of the Bolivians’ sleep tended to be better than that of the Australians at altitude. Conclusions Exposure to high altitude causes acute and chronic disruption to the sleep of elite athletes who are sea-level natives, but it does not affect the sleep of elite athletes who are high-altitude natives. PMID:24282197
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Effects of ascent to high altitude on human antimycobacterial immunity.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sarah Eisen
Full Text Available Tuberculosis infection, disease and mortality are all less common at high than low altitude and ascent to high altitude was historically recommended for treatment. The immunological and mycobacterial mechanisms underlying the association between altitude and tuberculosis are unclear. We studied the effects of altitude on mycobacteria and antimycobacterial immunity.Antimycobacterial immunity was assayed in 15 healthy adults residing at low altitude before and after they ascended to 3400 meters; and in 47 long-term high-altitude residents. Antimycobacterial immunity was assessed as the extent to which participants' whole blood supported or restricted growth of genetically modified luminescent Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG mycobacteria during 96 hours incubation. We developed a simplified whole blood assay that could be used by a technician in a low-technology setting. We used this to compare mycobacterial growth in participants' whole blood versus positive-control culture broth and versus negative-control plasma.Measurements of mycobacterial luminescence predicted the number of mycobacterial colonies cultured six weeks later. At low altitude, mycobacteria grew in blood at similar rates to positive-control culture broth whereas ascent to high altitude was associated with restriction (p ≤ 0.002 of mycobacterial growth to be 4-times less than in culture broth. At low altitude, mycobacteria grew in blood 25-times more than negative-control plasma whereas ascent to high altitude was associated with restriction (p ≤ 0.01 of mycobacterial growth to be only 6-times more than in plasma. There was no evidence of differences in antimycobacterial immunity at high altitude between people who had recently ascended to high altitude versus long-term high-altitude residents.An assay of luminescent mycobacterial growth in whole blood was adapted and found to be feasible in low-resource settings. This demonstrated that ascent to or residence at high altitude was
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Social Inequalities in Young Children's Meal Skipping Behaviors: The Generation R Study.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Anne I Wijtzes
Full Text Available Regular meal consumption is considered an important aspect of a healthy diet. While ample evidence shows social inequalities in breakfast skipping among adolescents, little is known about social inequalities in breakfast skipping and skipping of other meals among young school-aged children. Such information is crucial in targeting interventions aimed to promote a healthy diet in children.We examined data from 4704 ethnically diverse children participating in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Information on family socioeconomic position (SEP, ethnic background, and meal skipping behaviors was assessed by parent-reported questionnaire when the child was 6 years old. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations of family SEP (educational level, household income, employment status, family composition and ethnic background with meal skipping behaviors, using high SEP children and native Dutch children as reference groups.Meal skipping prevalence ranged from 3% (dinner to 11% (lunch. The prevalence of meal skipping was higher among low SEP children and ethnic minority children. Maternal educational level was independently associated with breakfast skipping ([low maternal educational level] OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.24,3.94. Paternal educational level was independently associated with lunch skipping ([low paternal educational level] OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.06,2.20 and dinner skipping ([mid-high paternal educational level] OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.20,0.76. Household income was independently associated with breakfast skipping ([low income] OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.40,4.22 and dinner skipping ([low income] OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.22,4.91. In general, ethnic minority children were more likely to skip breakfast, lunch, and dinner compared with native Dutch children. Adjustment for family SEP attenuated the associations of ethnic minority background with meal skipping behaviors
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[Hemoglobin and testosterone: importance on high altitude acclimatization and adaptation].
Gonzales, Gustavo F
2011-03-01
The different types of response mechanisms that the organism uses when exposed to hypoxia include accommodation, acclimatization and adaptation. Accommodation is the initial response to acute exposure to high altitude hypoxia and is characterized by an increase in ventilation and heart rate. Acclimatization is observed in individuals temporarily exposed to high altitude, and to some extent, it enables them to tolerate the high altitudes. In this phase, erythropoiesis is increased, resulting in higher hemoglobin and hematocrit levels to improve oxygen delivery capacity. Adaptation is the process of natural acclimatization where genetical variations and acclimatization play a role in allowing subjects to live without any difficulties at high altitudes. Testosterone is a hormone that regulates erythropoiesis and ventilation and could be associated to the processes of acclimatization and adaptation to high altitude. Excessive erythrocytosis, which leads to chronic mountain sickness, is caused by low arterial oxygen saturation, ventilatory inefficiency and reduced ventilatory response to hypoxia. Testosterone increases during acute exposure to high altitude and also in natives at high altitude with excessive erythrocytosis. Results of current research allow us to conclude that increase in serum testosterone and hemoglobin is adequate for acclimatization, as they improve oxygen transport, but not for high altitude adaptation, since high serum testosterone levels are associated to excessive erythrocytosis.
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Pathology of high altitude pulmonary oedema
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Saleem, N.
2014-01-01
Objective: To describe autopsy findings in fatal cases of high altitude pulmonary oedema. Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out between 1999 and 2002 at an army field medical unit in Baltistan, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi and Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Patients and Methods:Autopsies were performed in 17 fatal cases of High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) occurring among soldiers serving in Siachen. Results:All cases were males with a mean age of 26.8 years (19-35). The mean altitude at which HAPE occurred was 5192 meters (2895-6492), and the mean duration of stay at these altitudes was 15.3 days (1-30). Eleven individuals had undergone proper acclimatization. The commonest clinical findings were cough (70%), dyspnoea (53%), nausea (47%), headache (41%), vomiting (35%), chest pain (35%) and tightness in chest (24%). Cyanosis and frothy secretions in the nostrils and mouth were present in all but one case. Mean combined weight of lungs was 1470 grams (1070-1810). There was marked congestion of outer and cut surfaces. Interstitial oedema was present in all cases. RBCs and leukocyte infiltrates were seen in 13 and alveolar hyaline membranes in 9 cases. Thrombi were seen in 2 cases. Cerebral oedema was present in 9 cases. Conclusion:HAPE can occur after more than two weeks of stay at high altitudes despite proper acclimatization. Concomitant cerebral oedema is frequently present. Our autopsy findings are consistent with what has been reported previously. (author)
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Pouliot, Mariève; Pyakurel, Dipesh; Smith-Hall, Carsten
2018-01-01
Ethnopharmacological relevance Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) G.H.Sung, J.M.Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora, a high altitude Himalayan fungus-caterpillar product found in alpine meadows in China, Bhutan, Nepal, and India, has been used in the Traditional Chinese Medicine system for over 2000 years...
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Brutsaert, Tom
Among high-altitude natives there is evidence of a general hypoxia tolerance leading to enhanced performance and/or increased capacity in several important domains. These domains likely include an enhanced physical work capacity, an enhanced reproductive capacity, and an ability to resist several common pathologies of chronic high-altitude exposure. The "strength" of the high-altitude native in this regard may have both a developmental and a genetic basis, although there is better evidence for the former (developmental effects) than for the latter. For example, early-life hypoxia exposure clearly results in lung growth and remodeling leading to an increased O2 diffusing capacity in adulthood. Genetic research has yet to reveal a population genetic basis for enhanced capacity in high-altitude natives, but several traits are clearly under genetic control in Andean and Tibetan populations e.g., resting and exercise arterial O2 saturation (SaO2). This chapter reviews the effects of nature and nurture on traits that are relevant to the process of gas exchange, including pulmonary volumes and diffusion capacity, the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), the SaO2, and the alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference (A-aDO2) during exercise.
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CAMEX-4 ER-2 HIGH ALTITUDE DROPSONDE V1
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The CAMEX-4 ER-2 High Altitude Dropsonde dataset was collected by the ER-2 High Altitude Dropsonde System (EHAD), which used dropwinsondes fitted with Global...
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Eldridge, Marlowe W; Braun, Ruedi K; Yoneda, Ken Y; Walby, William F
2006-03-01
Strenuous exercise may be a significant contributing factor for development of high-altitude pulmonary edema, particularly at low or moderate altitudes. Thus we investigated the effects of heavy cycle ergometer exercise (90% maximal effort) under hypoxic conditions in which the combined effects of a marked increase in pulmonary blood flow and nonuniform hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction could add significantly to augment the mechanical stress on the pulmonary microcirculation. We postulated that intense exercise at altitude would result in an augmented permeability edema. We recruited eight endurance athletes and examined their bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for red blood cells (RBCs), protein, inflammatory cells, and soluble mediators at 2 and 26 h after intense exercise under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. After heavy exercise, under all conditions, the athletes developed a permeability edema with high BALF RBC and protein concentrations in the absence of inflammation. We found that exercise at altitude (3,810 m) caused significantly greater leakage of RBCs [9.2 (SD 3.1)x10(4) cells/ml] into the alveolar space than that seen with normoxic exercise [5.4 (SD 1.2)x10(4) cells/ml]. At altitude, the 26-h postexercise BALF revealed significantly higher RBC and protein concentrations, suggesting an ongoing capillary leak. Interestingly, the BALF profiles following exercise at altitude are similar to that of early high-altitude pulmonary edema. These findings suggest that pulmonary capillary disruption occurs with intense exercise in healthy humans and that hypoxia augments the mechanical stresses on the pulmonary microcirculation.
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Effect of oxygen supplementation in a hatchery at high altitude and ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of oxygen supplementation on broiler eggs in a hatchery at high altitude on the growth performance and ascites syndrome of broilers reared at low altitude. The treatment groups were low altitude with no oxygen supplemented in the hatchery (LA-NOX); high altitude with ...
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Chernobyl radioactivity and high altitude air-particulate monitoring at Islamabad
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bhatti, M.S.; Ihsanullah; Shafiq, M.; Perveen, N.; Orfi, S.D.
1987-11-01
High altitude sampling of air particulates for radioactivity monitoring was conducted at Islamabad after the CHERNOBYL accident. Smears from aeroplanes flying at varying altitudes were collected and analysed for fresh fission products mainly gamma emitters e.g. Ru-103 and Cs-137 etc. The maximum radioactivity observed was of the order of 15Bq/sample for Ru-103 and 9Bq/sample for Cs-137 respectively. The study was purely qualitative in nature indicated the presence of fresh fission radioactivity at high altitudes over Islamabad. For quantitative measurements at high altitudes sophisticated instrumentation/procedure needs to be adopted. (author)
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Hemoglobin and testosterone: importance on high altitude acclimatization and adaptation
Gonzales, Gustavo F.; Jefe de la Unidad de Reproducción, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura y Jefe del Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Reproducción, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Doctor en Medicina y Doctor en Ciencias. Especialista en Endocrinología.
2011-01-01
The different types of response mechanisms that the organism uses when exposed to hypoxia include accommodation, acclimatization and adaptation. Accommodation is the initial response to acute exposure to high altitude hypoxia and is characterized by an increase in ventilation and heart rate. Acclimatization is observed in individuals temporarily exposed to high altitude, and to some extent, it enables them to tolerate the high altitudes. In this phase, erythropoiesis is increased, resulti...
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Can people with Raynaud's phenomenon travel to high altitude?
Luks, Andrew M; Grissom, Colin K; Jean, Dominique; Swenson, Erik R
2009-01-01
To determine whether high altitude travel adversely affects mountain enthusiasts with Raynaud's phenomenon. Volunteers with Raynaud's phenomenon were recruited using announcements disseminated by organizations dedicated to climbing or wilderness travel and Internet discussion boards dedicated to mountain activities to complete an online, anonymous survey. Survey questions addressed demographic variables, aspects of their Raynaud's phenomenon, and features of their mountain activities. Respondents compared experiences with Raynaud's phenomenon between high (>2440 m; 8000 feet) and low elevations and rated agreement with statements concerning their disease and the effects of high altitude. One hundred forty-two people, 98% of whom had primary Raynaud's phenomenon, completed the questionnaire. Respondents spent 5 to 7 days per month at elevations above 2440 m and engaged in 5.4 +/- 2.0 different activities. Eighty-nine percent of respondents engaged in winter sports and only 22% reported changing their mountain activities because of Raynaud's phenomenon. Respondents reported a variety of tactics to prevent and treat Raynaud's attacks, but only 12% used prophylactic medications. Fifteen percent of respondents reported an episode of frostbite following a Raynaud's phenomenon attack at high altitude. There was considerable heterogeneity in participants' perceptions of the frequency, duration, and severity of attacks at high altitude compared to their home elevation. Motivated individuals with primary Raynaud's phenomenon, employing various prevention and treatment strategies, can engage in different activities, including winter sports, at altitudes above 2440 m. Frostbite may be common in this population at high altitude, and care must be taken to prevent its occurrence.
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Ocular morbidity among porters at high altitudes.
Gnyawali, Subodh; Shrestha, Gauri Shankar; Khanal, Safal; Dennis, Talisa; Spencer, John C
2017-01-01
High altitude, often characterized by settings over 2400m, can be detrimental to the human body and pose a significant risk to ocular health. Reports concerning various ocular morbidities occurring as a consequence of high altitude are limited in the current literature. This study was aimed at evaluating the ocular health of porters working at high altitudesof Himalayas in Nepal. A mobile eye clinic was set up in Ghat and patient data were collected from its out- patient unit by a team of seven optometrists which was run for five days. Ghat is a small village in north-eastern Nepal, located at 2860 m altitude. Travellers walking through the trekking route were invited to get their eyes checked at the clinic. Comprehensive ocular examinations were performed, including visual acuities, objective and subjective refraction, anterior and posterior segment evaluations, and intraocular pressure measurements; blood pressure and blood glucose levels were also measured as required. Ocular therapeutics, prescription glasses, sunglasses and ocular health referrals were provided free of cost as necessary. A total of 1890 people visited the eye clinic, among which 57.4% (n=1084) were porters. Almost half of the porters had an ocular morbidity. Correctable refractive error was most prevalent, with other ocular health-related complications, including dry eye disease, infectious disorders, glaucoma and cataract. Proper provision of regular and effective eye care services should be made more available for those residing at these high altitudes in Nepal. © NEPjOPH.
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Shape memory alloy resistance behaviour at high altitude for feedback control
Ng, W. T.; Sedan, M. F.; Abdullah, E. J.; Azrad, S.; Harithuddin, A. S. M.
2017-12-01
Many recent aerospace technologies are using smart actuators to reduce the system's complexity and increase its reliability. One such actuator is shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator, which is lightweight, produces high force and large deflection. However, some disadvantages in using SMA actuators have been identified and they include nonlinear response of the strain to input current, hysteresis characteristic that results in inaccurate control and less than optimum system performance, high operating temperatures, slow response and also high requirement of electrical power to obtain the desired actuation forces. It is still unknown if the SMA actuators can perform effectively at high altitude with low surrounding temperature. The work presented here covers the preliminary process of verifying the feasibility of using resistance as feedback control at high altitude for aerospace applications. Temperature and resistance of SMA actuator at high altitude is investigated by conducting an experiment onboard a high altitude balloon. The results from the high altitude experiment indicate that the resistance or voltage drop of the SMA wire is not significantly affected by the low surrounding temperature at high altitude as compared to the temperature of SMA. Resistance feedback control for SMA actuators may be suitable for aerospace applications.
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Phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in vertebrates.
Storz, Jay F; Scott, Graham R; Cheviron, Zachary A
2010-12-15
High-altitude environments provide ideal testing grounds for investigations of mechanism and process in physiological adaptation. In vertebrates, much of our understanding of the acclimatization response to high-altitude hypoxia derives from studies of animal species that are native to lowland environments. Such studies can indicate whether phenotypic plasticity will generally facilitate or impede adaptation to high altitude. Here, we review general mechanisms of physiological acclimatization and genetic adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in birds and mammals. We evaluate whether the acclimatization response to environmental hypoxia can be regarded generally as a mechanism of adaptive phenotypic plasticity, or whether it might sometimes represent a misdirected response that acts as a hindrance to genetic adaptation. In cases in which the acclimatization response to hypoxia is maladaptive, selection will favor an attenuation of the induced phenotypic change. This can result in a form of cryptic adaptive evolution in which phenotypic similarity between high- and low-altitude populations is attributable to directional selection on genetically based trait variation that offsets environmentally induced changes. The blunted erythropoietic and pulmonary vasoconstriction responses to hypoxia in Tibetan humans and numerous high-altitude birds and mammals provide possible examples of this phenomenon. When lowland animals colonize high-altitude environments, adaptive phenotypic plasticity can mitigate the costs of selection, thereby enhancing prospects for population establishment and persistence. By contrast, maladaptive plasticity has the opposite effect. Thus, insights into the acclimatization response of lowland animals to high-altitude hypoxia can provide a basis for predicting how altitudinal range limits might shift in response to climate change.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Sun Jingwen
1999-11-01
The author briefly introduces some knowledge about high altitude nuclear explosion (HANE) and presents a general review on high altitude nuclear tests of USA and former USSR. Physical phenomenon generated by HANE is given. The effects of HANE on space flyer, artificial satellite and communication are discussed. Some aspects of a mechanism of antimissile for HANE are described and the effect and role of HANE for USA and USSR are reviewed
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Research progress on high altitude retinopathy and application of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hai-Xiang Huang
2014-11-01
Full Text Available High altitude retinopathy(HARrefers to the body which can't adapt to the hypobaric hypoxia environment at high altitude leading to retinal diseases, which typically manifested as retinal hemorrhages, optic disc edema and cotton wool spots. With the development of high altitude medicine, HAR become a hot topic of eye research in recent years. New researches show a significantly higher incidence of HAR, and HAR has a close contact with acute mountain sickness, high altitude cerebral edema and high altitude pulmonary edema. A further study in pathogenesis and prevention measures of HAR will promote the prevention of altitude sickness. Traditional Chinese Medicine has achieved good effects in the prevention of altitude sickness, but the effect and mechanism of herbs on HAR has not been reported. Through read and summarize the relevant literatures and reports, the author will give an overview of the research advances on HAR's pathogenesis and application of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
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Exploring the Limits of High Altitude GPS for Future Lunar Missions
Ashman, Benjamin W.; Parker, Joel J. K.; Bauer, Frank H.; Esswein, Michael
2018-01-01
An increasing number of spacecraft are relying on the Global Positioning System (GPS) for navigation at altitudes near or above the GPS constellation itself - the region known as the Space Service Volume (SSV). While the formal definition of the SSV ends at geostationary altitude, the practical limit of high-altitude space usage is not known, and recent missions have demonstrated that signal availability is sufficient for operational navigation at altitudes halfway to the moon. This paper presents simulation results based on a high-fidelity model of the GPS constellation, calibrated and validated through comparisons of simulated GPS signal availability and strength with flight data from recent high-altitude missions including the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 16 (GOES-16) and the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. This improved model is applied to the transfer to a lunar near-rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO) of the class being considered for the international Deep Space Gateway concept. The number of GPS signals visible and their received signal strengths are presented as a function of receiver altitude in order to explore the practical upper limit of high-altitude space usage of GPS.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jui-Lin eFan
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Previous studies reported enhanced cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity upon ascent to high altitude using linear models. However, there is evidence that this response may be sigmoidal in nature. Moreover, it was speculated that these changes at high altitude are mediated by alterations in acid-base buffering. Accordingly, we reanalyzed previously published data to assess middle cerebral blood flow velocity (MCAv responses to modified rebreathing at sea level (SL, upon ascent (ALT1 and following 16 days of acclimatization (ALT16 to 5,260 m in 21 lowlanders. Using sigmoid curve fitting of the MCAv responses to CO2, we found the amplitude (95% vs. 129%, SL vs. ALT1, 95% confidence intervals (CI [77, 112], [111, 145], respectively, P=0.024 and the slope of the sigmoid response (4.5 vs. 7.5 %/mmHg, SL vs. ALT1, 95% CIs [3.1, 5.9], [6.0, 9.0], respectively, P=0.026 to be enhanced at ALT1, which persisted with acclimatization at ALT16 (amplitude: 177%, 95% CI [139, 215], P<0.001; slope: 10.3 %/mmHg, 95% CI [8.2, 12.5], P=0.003 compared to SL. Meanwhile, the sigmoidal response midpoint was unchanged at ALT1 (SL: 36.5 mmHg; ALT1: 35.4 mmHg, 95% CIs [34.0, 39.0], [33.1, 37.7], respectively, P=0.982, while it was reduced by ~7 mmHg at ALT16 (28.6 mmHg, 95% CI [26.4, 30.8], P=0.001 vs. SL, indicating leftward shift of the cerebrovascular CO2 response to a lower arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2 following acclimatization to altitude. Sigmoid fitting revealed a leftward shift in the midpoint of the cerebrovascular response curve which could not be observed with linear fitting. These findings demonstrate that there is resetting of the cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity operating point to a lower PaCO2 following acclimatization to high altitude. This cerebrovascular resetting is likely the result of an altered acid-base buffer status resulting from prolonged exposure to the severe hypocapnia associated with ventilatory acclimatization to high altitude.
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Radiation exposure and high-altitude flight. NCRP Commentary No. 12
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
1995-01-01
Enhanced air crew and public radiation exposure while flying at current altitudes and speeds has not been adequately addressed. However, the commercial aircraft industry continues to expand with greater numbers of passengers and more air crews year by year. With the expected expansions in high-altitude flight in the next two decades there will be many more people exposed to higher levels of ionizing radiation than currently. The equivalent dose rates at the higher altitudes are of the order of two to three times those received at current aircraft altitudes, but are not known very well, partly because of limitations in the knowledge of the component radiations, especially the high-energy neutron component. The risks are also more uncertain than for low-LET exposures on the ground because of uncertainty in an average W R to use for high-LET radiations. Exposures of current air crew are presently comparable with the average exposures of other radiation workers on the ground (EPA, 1995). Substantially higher exposures must be expected at high altitudes to air crew (perhaps approaching or possibly exceeding the current limit for workers on the ground). Higher exposures to sensitive groups of the population such as the fetuses carried by pregnant women are of special concern. Therefore, steps must be taken to improve our knowledge base with respect to dose levels and risks at these high altitudes. Following acquisition of this knowledge, modifications in radiation protection practices with respect to air crew and passengers will need to be considered and recommended to assure that adequate radiation protection is provided with respect to high-altitude flight
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Autophagy Is a Promoter for Aerobic Exercise Performance during High Altitude Training
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ying Zhang
2018-01-01
Full Text Available High altitude training is one of the effective strategies for improving aerobic exercise performance at sea level via altitude acclimatization, thereby improving oxygen transport and/or utilization. But its underlying molecular mechanisms on physiological functions and exercise performance of athletes are still vague. More recent evidence suggests that the recycling of cellular components by autophagy is an important process of the body involved in the adaptive responses to exercise. Whether high altitude training can activate autophagy or whether high altitude training can improve exercise performance through exercise-induced autophagy is still unclear. In this narrative review article, we will summarize current research advances in the improvement of exercise performance through high altitude training and its reasonable molecular mechanisms associated with autophagy, which will provide a new field to explore the molecular mechanisms of adaptive response to high altitude training.
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Numerical simulation of the ionization effects of low- and high-altitude nuclear explosions
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Zhao Zhengyu; Wang Xiang
2007-01-01
Low-altitude and high-altitude nuclear explosions are sources of intensive additional ionization in ionosphere. In this paper, in terms of the ionization equilibrium equation system and the equation of energy deposition of radiation in atmosphere, and considering the influence of atmosphere, the temporal and spatial distribution of ionization effects caused by atmospheric nuclear detonation are investigated. The calculated results show that the maximum of additional free electron density produced by low-altitude nuclear explosion is greater than that by the high-altitude nuclear burst. As to the influence of instant nuclear radiation, there is obvious difference between the low-altitude and the high-altitude explosions. The influence range and the continuance time caused by delayed nuclear radiation is less for the low-altitude nuclear detonation than that for the high-altitude one. (authors)
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Glucose Homeostasis During Short-term and Prolonged Exposure to High Altitudes
Ader, Marilyn; Bergman, Richard N.
2015-01-01
Most of the literature related to high altitude medicine is devoted to the short-term effects of high-altitude exposure on human physiology. However, long-term effects of living at high altitudes may be more important in relation to human disease because more than 400 million people worldwide reside above 1500 m. Interestingly, individuals living at higher altitudes have a lower fasting glycemia and better glucose tolerance compared with those who live near sea level. There is also emerging evidence of the lower prevalence of both obesity and diabetes at higher altitudes. The mechanisms underlying improved glucose control at higher altitudes remain unclear. In this review, we present the most current evidence about glucose homeostasis in residents living above 1500 m and discuss possible mechanisms that could explain the lower fasting glycemia and lower prevalence of obesity and diabetes in this population. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate and maintain the lower fasting glycemia in individuals who live at higher altitudes could lead to new therapeutics for impaired glucose homeostasis. PMID:25675133
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High Altitude Clear Air Turbulence Project
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory conducted the High Altitude Clear Air Turbulence Project in the mid 1960s with the intention of better understanding air...
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Hemorrhages and hemostasis in guinea-pigs exposed to irradiation at high altitude
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Tartakovskij, V.N.; Daniyarov, S.B.
1988-01-01
Hemorrhagic intensity, hemostasis and blood vessel wall resistance to mechanical effects were studied in guinea-pigs exposed to whole-body irradiation (3.0 Gy). The animals were irradiated at low altitude (760 m above sea level) and at high altitude (3200 m above sea level) after 1 and 31 days of adaptation. It was demonstrated that hemorrhagic intensity in both groups of guinea-pigs irradiated at high altitude was significantly reduced in comparison with that at low altitude. The decrease of radiation-induced hemorrhages at high altitude is associated with less severe changes in thrombopoiesis, blood vessel wall and blood coagulation
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Mechanisms of Memory Dysfunction during High Altitude Hypoxia Training in Military Aircrew.
Nation, Daniel A; Bondi, Mark W; Gayles, Ellis; Delis, Dean C
2017-01-01
Cognitive dysfunction from high altitude exposure is a major cause of civilian and military air disasters. Pilot training improves recognition of the early symptoms of altitude exposure so that countermeasures may be taken before loss of consciousness. Little is known regarding the nature of cognitive impairments manifesting within this critical window when life-saving measures may still be taken. Prior studies evaluating cognition during high altitude simulation have predominantly focused on measures of reaction time and other basic attention or motor processes. Memory encoding, retention, and retrieval represent critical cognitive functions that may be vulnerable to acute hypoxic/ischemic events and could play a major role in survival of air emergencies, yet these processes have not been studied in the context of high altitude simulation training. In a series of experiments, military aircrew underwent neuropsychological testing before, during, and after brief (15 min) exposure to high altitude simulation (20,000 ft) in a pressure-controlled chamber. Acute exposure to high altitude simulation caused rapid impairment in learning and memory with relative preservation of basic visual and auditory attention. Memory dysfunction was predominantly characterized by deficiencies in memory encoding, as memory for information learned during high altitude exposure did not improve after washout at sea level. Retrieval and retention of memories learned shortly before altitude exposure were also impaired, suggesting further impairment in memory retention. Deficits in memory encoding and retention are rapidly induced upon exposure to high altitude, an effect that could impact life-saving situational awareness and response. (JINS, 2017, 23, 1-10).
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000576 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000576 ... Normal PB PB ... -- -- ... -- No Nomal human IPS cell line 正常iPS細胞...phem.2014.03.010 Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from primary and secondary myelofibros
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High altitude medicine education in China: exploring a new medical education reform.
Luo, Yongjun; Luo, Rong; Li, Weiming; Huang, Jianjun; Zhou, Qiquan; Gao, Yuqi
2012-03-01
China has the largest plateau in the world, which includes the whole of Tibet, part of Qinghai, Xinjiang, Yunnan, and Sichuan. The plateau area is about 257.2×10(4) km(2), which accounts for about 26.8% of the total area of China. According to data collected in 2006, approximately twelve million people were living at high altitudes, between 2200 to 5200 m high, on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, there is a need for medical workers who are trained to treat individuals living at high altitudes. To train undergraduates in high altitude medicine, the College of High Altitude Military Medicine was set up at the Third Military Medical University (TMMU) in Chongqing in 1999. This is the only school to teach high altitude medicine in China. Students at TMMU study natural and social sciences, basic medical sciences, clinical medical sciences, and high altitude medicine. In their 5(th) year, students work as interns at the General Hospital of Tibet Military Command in Lhasa for 3 months, where they receive on-site teaching. The method of on-site teaching is an innovative approach for training in high altitude medicine for undergraduates. Three improvements were implemented during the on-site teaching component of the training program: (1) standardization of the learning progress; (2) integration of formal knowledge with clinical experience; and (3) coaching students to develop habits of inquiry and to engage in ongoing self-improvement to set the stage for lifelong learning. Since the establishment of the innovative training methods in 2001, six classes of high altitude medicine undergraduates, who received on-site teaching, have graduated and achieved encouraging results. This evidence shows that on-site teaching needs to be used more widely in high altitude medicine education.
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Accuracy of Handheld Blood Glucose Meters at High Altitude
de Mol, Pieter; Krabbe, Hans G.; de Vries, Suzanna T.; Fokkert, Marion J.; Dikkeschei, Bert D.; Rienks, Rienk; Bilo, Karin M.; Bilo, Henk J. G.
2010-01-01
Background: Due to increasing numbers of people with diabetes taking part in extreme sports (e. g., high-altitude trekking), reliable handheld blood glucose meters (BGMs) are necessary. Accurate blood glucose measurement under extreme conditions is paramount for safe recreation at altitude. Prior
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Outdoor Activity and High Altitude Exposure During Pregnancy: A Survey of 459 Pregnancies.
Keyes, Linda E; Hackett, Peter H; Luks, Andrew M
2016-06-01
To evaluate whether women engage in outdoor activities and high altitude travel during pregnancy; the health care advice received regarding high altitude during pregnancy; and the association between high altitude exposure and self-reported pregnancy complications. An online survey of women with at least 1 pregnancy distributed on websites and e-mail lists targeting mothers and/or mountain activities. Outcome measures were outdoor activities during pregnancy, high altitude (>2440 m) exposure during pregnancy, and pregnancy and perinatal complications. Hiking, running, and swimming were the most common activities performed during pregnancy. Women traveled to high altitude in over half of the pregnancies (244/459), and most did not receive counseling regarding altitude (355, 77%), although a small proportion (14, 3%) were told not to go above 2440 m. Rates of miscarriage and most other complications were similar between pregnancies with and without travel above 2440 m. Pregnancies with high altitude exposure were more likely to have preterm labor (odds ratio [OR] 2.3; 95% CI 0.97-5.4; P = .05). Babies born to women who went to high altitude during pregnancy were more likely to need oxygen at birth (OR 2.34; 95% CI 1.04-5.26; P sports and travel to high altitude have a low rate of complications. Given the limitations of our data, further research is necessary on the risks associated with high altitude travel and physical activity and how these apply to the general population. Copyright © 2016 Wilderness Medical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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HIGH ALTITUDES EFFECTS ON HEMATOLOGIC BLOOD PARAMETERS
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hasim Rushiti
2015-05-01
Full Text Available The approach and the objective of this experiment are consistent with the determination of changes of blood parameters after the stay of the students at an altitude of 1800-2300 meters, for a ten-day long ski course. In this paper are included a total of 64 students of the Faculty of Sport Sciences in Prishtina, of the age group of 19-25 (the average age is 21. All students previously have undergone a medical check for TA, arterial pulse and respiratory rate. In particular, the health situation is of subjects was examined, then, all students, at the same time, gave blood for analysis. In this experiment, three main hematologic parameters were taken in consideration: such as hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cells. The same analyses were carried out after the 10-day stay at a high altitude. The results of the experiment have shown significant changes after the ten-day stay at high altitude, despite the previous results that show changes only after the twenty-day stay in such elevations.
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[Physiological aspects of altitude training and the use of altitude simulators].
Ranković, Goran; Radovanović, Dragan
2005-01-01
Altitude training in various forms is widely practiced by athletes and coaches in an attempt to improve sea level endurance. Training at high altitude may improve performance at sea level through altitude acclimatisation, which improves oxygen transport and/or utilisation, or through hypoxia, which intensifies the training stimulus. This basic physiological aspect allows three training modalities: live high and train high (classic high-altitude training), live low and train high (training through hypoxia), and live high and train low (the new trend). In an effort to reduce the financial and logistical challenges of travelling to high-altitude training sites, scientists and manufactures have developed artificial high-altitude environments, which simulate the hypoxic conditions of moderate altitude (2000-3000 meters). Endurance athletes from many sports have recently started using nitrogen environments, or hypoxic rooms and tents as part of their altitude training programmes. The results of controlled studies on these modalities of high-altitude training, their practical approach, and ethics are summarised.
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Physiological aspects of altitude training and the use of altitude simulators
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ranković Goran
2005-01-01
Full Text Available Altitude training in various forms is widely practiced by athletes and coaches in an attempt to improve sea level endurance. Training at high altitude may improve performance at sea level through altitude acclimatization, which improves oxygen transport and/or utilization, or through hypoxia, which intensifies the training stimulus. This basic physiological aspect allows three training modalities: live high and train high (classic high-altitude training, live low and train high (training through hypoxia, and live high and train low (the new trend. In an effort to reduce the financial and logistical challenges of traveling to high-altitude training sites, scientists and manufactures have developed artificial high-altitude environments, which simulate the hypoxic conditions of moderate altitude (2000-3000 meters. Endurance athletes from many sports have recently started using nitrogen environments, or hypoxic rooms and tents as part of their altitude training programmes. The results of controlled studies on these modalities of high-altitude training, their practical approach, and ethics are summarized.
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Low-resolution ship detection from high-altitude aerial images
Qi, Shengxiang; Wu, Jianmin; Zhou, Qing; Kang, Minyang
2018-02-01
Ship detection from optical images taken by high-altitude aircrafts such as unmanned long-endurance airships and unmanned aerial vehicles has broad applications in marine fishery management, ship monitoring and vessel salvage. However, the major challenge is the limited capability of information processing on unmanned high-altitude platforms. Furthermore, in order to guarantee the wide detection range, unmanned aircrafts generally cruise at high altitudes, resulting in imagery with low-resolution targets and strong clutters suffered by heavy clouds. In this paper, we propose a low-resolution ship detection method to extract ships from these high-altitude optical images. Inspired by a recent research on visual saliency detection indicating that small salient signals could be well detected by a gradient enhancement operation combined with Gaussian smoothing, we propose the facet kernel filtering to rapidly suppress cluttered backgrounds and delineate candidate target regions from the sea surface. Then, the principal component analysis (PCA) is used to compute the orientation of the target axis, followed by a simplified histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) descriptor to characterize the ship shape property. Finally, support vector machine (SVM) is applied to discriminate real targets and false alarms. Experimental results show that the proposed method actually has high efficiency in low-resolution ship detection.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000147 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000147 ... Blastocyst 胚盤胞 Unknown KhES-1 KhES-1 ... -- -- ... -- No Embryonic stem cell 胚性幹細胞...nt establishment of human embryonic stem cell lines and long-term maintenance wit
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Fatalities in high altitude mountaineering: a review of quantitative risk estimates.
Weinbruch, Stephan; Nordby, Karl-Christian
2013-12-01
Quantitative estimates for mortality in high altitude mountaineering are reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the heterogeneity of the risk estimates and on confounding. Crude estimates for mortality are on the order of 1/1000 to 40/1000 persons above base camp, for both expedition members and high altitude porters. High altitude porters have mostly a lower risk than expedition members (risk ratio for all Nepalese peaks requiring an expedition permit: 0.73; 95 % confidence interval 0.59-0.89). The summit bid is generally the most dangerous part of an expedition for members, whereas most high altitude porters die during route preparation. On 8000 m peaks, the mortality during descent from summit varies between 4/1000 and 134/1000 summiteers (members plus porters). The risk estimates are confounded by human and environmental factors. Information on confounding by gender and age is contradictory and requires further work. There are indications for safety segregation of men and women, with women being more risk averse than men. Citizenship appears to be a significant confounder. Prior high altitude mountaineering experience in Nepal has no protective effect. Commercial expeditions in the Nepalese Himalayas have a lower mortality than traditional expeditions, though after controlling for confounding, the difference is not statistically significant. The overall mortality is increasing with increasing peak altitude for expedition members but not for high altitude porters. In the Nepalese Himalayas and in Alaska, a significant decrease of mortality with calendar year was observed. A few suggestions for further work are made at the end of the article.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000326 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available 0.1007/s00401-013-1149-y Modeling key pathological features of frontotemporal dementia... SKIP000326 ... Diseased Carrier2 #1 Carrier2 #1 ... 前頭側頭型認知症 G310 FrontoTemporal D
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000593 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000593 ... Diseased PDB3F-9 PDB3F-9 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ... ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patient-derived induc
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000598 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000598 ... Diseased PDB4F-4 PDB4F-4 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...head Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patie
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000604 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000604 ... Diseased PDD4F-1 PDD4F-1 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...head Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patie
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000605 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000605 ... Diseased PDD4F-4 PDD4F-4 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...head Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patie
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000608 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000608 ... Diseased PDD4F-9 PDD4F-9 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...head Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patie
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000606 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000606 ... Diseased PDD4F-5 PDD4F-5 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...head Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patie
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000595 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000595 ... Diseased PDB4F-1 PDB4F-1 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...head Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patie
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000599 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000599 ... Diseased PDB4F-5 PDB4F-5 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...head Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patie
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000597 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000597 ... Diseased PDB4F-3 PDB4F-3 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...head Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patie
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000607 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000607 ... Diseased PDD4F-8 PDD4F-8 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...head Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patie
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000592 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000592 ... Diseased PDB3F-8 PDB3F-8 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...ute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patient-derived
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Effect of skipping breakfast on subsequent energy intake.
Levitsky, David A; Pacanowski, Carly R
2013-07-02
The objective was to examine the effect of consuming breakfast on subsequent energy intake. Participants who habitually ate breakfast and those who skipped breakfast were recruited for two studies. Using a randomized crossover design, the first study examined the effect of having participants consume either (a) no breakfast, (b) a high carbohydrate breakfast (335 kcals), or (c) a high fiber breakfast (360 kcals) on three occasions and measured ad libitum intake at lunch. The second study again used a randomized crossover design but with a larger, normal carbohydrate breakfast consumed ad libtum. Intake averaged 624 kcals and subsequent food intake was measured throughout the day. Participants ate only foods served from the Cornell Human Metabolic Research Unit where all foods were weighed before and after consumption. In the first study, neither eating breakfast nor the kind of breakfast consumed had an effect on the amount consumed at lunch despite a reduction in hunger ratings. In the second study, intake at lunch as well as hunger ratings were significantly increased after skipping breakfast (by 144 kcal), leaving a net caloric deficit of 408 kcal by the end of the day. These data are consistent with published literature demonstrating that skipping a meal does not result in accurate energy compensation at subsequent meals and suggests that skipping breakfast may be an effective means to reduce daily energy intake in some adults. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000296 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000296 ... Normal C2 C2 ... -- Female ... -- No Healthy control lin...e for L2-1,2,3Mut. Born in 1931 Healthy control line for L2-1,2,3Mut. Born in 1931 -- -- -- ... -- ... Yes I
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000325 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available School ... 23836290 10.1007/s00401-013-1149-y Modeling key pathological features of frontotemporal dementia... SKIP000325 ... Diseased Carrier1 #6 Carrier1 #6 ... 前頭側頭型認知症 G310 FrontoTemporal D
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000327 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available cal School ... 23836290 10.1007/s00401-013-1149-y Modeling key pathological features of frontotemporal dementia... SKIP000327 ... Diseased Carrier2 #11 Carrier2 #11 ... 前頭側頭型認知症 G310 FrontoTemporal
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000324 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available School ... 23836290 10.1007/s00401-013-1149-y Modeling key pathological features of frontotemporal dementia... SKIP000324 ... Diseased Carrier1 #5 Carrier1 #5 ... 前頭側頭型認知症 G310 FrontoTemporal D
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000610 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000610 ... Diseased PDE3F-4 PDE3F-4 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...69371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patient-derived induced plur
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000603 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000603 ... Diseased PDD3F-7 PDD3F-7 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patient-derived induced p
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000590 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000590 ... Diseased PDB3F-1 PDB3F-1 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...e ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patient-derived in
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000601 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000601 ... Diseased PDD3F-1 PDD3F-1 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patient-derived induced p
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000602 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000602 ... Diseased PDD3F-4 PDD3F-4 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patient-derived induced p
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000609 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000609 ... Diseased PDE3F-3 PDE3F-3 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...69371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patient-derived induced plur
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Increased insulin requirements during exercise at very high altitude in type 1 diabetes
de Mol, Pieter; de Vries, Suzanna T.; de Koning, Eelco J. P.; Gans, Rijk O. B.; Tack, Cees J.; Bilo, Henk J. G.
OBJECTIVE-Safe, very high altitude trekking in subjects with type 1 diabetes requires understanding of glucose regulation at high altitude. We investigated insulin requirements, energy expenditure, and glucose levels at very high altitude in relation to acute mountain sickness (AMS) symptoms in
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Skip segment Hirschsprung's disease: a systematic review.
LENUS (Irish Health Repository)
O'Donnell, Anne-Marie
2012-02-01
PURPOSE: Hirschsprung\\'s disease is characterised by the congenital absence of ganglion cells beginning in the distal rectum and extending proximally for varying distances. \\'Zonal aganglionosis\\' is a phenomenon involving a zone of aganglionosis occurring within normally innervated intestine. \\'Skip segment\\' Hirschsprung\\'s disease (SSHD) involves a \\'skip area\\' of normally ganglionated intestine, surrounded proximally and distally by aganglionosis. While Hirschsprung\\'s disease is believed to be the result of incomplete craniocaudal migration of neural crest-derived cells, the occurrence of SSHD has no clear embryological explanation. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of SSHD, reported in the literature between 1954 and 2009, in order to determine the clinical characteristics of this rare entity and its significance. METHODS: The first reported case of SSHD was published in 1954. A systematic review of SSHD cases in the literature, from 1954 to 2009, was carried out using the electronic database \\'Pubmed\\'. Detailed information was recorded regarding the age, gender, presenting symptoms and location of the skip segment in each patient. RESULTS: 24 cases of SSHD have been reported in the literature to date. 18\\/24 (75%) of these cases were males and 6\\/24 (25%) were females. Of these, 22\\/24 (92%) were cases of total colonic aganglionosis (TCA), and 2\\/24 (8%) were rectosigmoid Hirschsprung\\'s disease. Of the 22 TCA cases, 9 (41%) had a skip segment in the transverse colon, 6 (27%) in the ascending colon, 2 (9%) in the caecum and 5 (23%) had multiple skip segments. In both rectosigmoid Hirschsprung\\'s disease cases, the skip segment was in the sigmoid colon. Overall, the length of the skip segment was variable, with the entire transverse colon ganglionated in some cases. CONCLUSION: SSHD occurs predominantly in patients with TCA. The existence of a skip area of normally innervated colon in TCA may influence surgical
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Mitochondrial function in human skeletal muscle following high-altitude exposure
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Jacobs, Robert A; Boushel, Robert; Wright-Paradis, Cynthia
2013-01-01
Studies regarding mitochondrial modifications in human skeletal muscle following acclimatization to high altitude are conflicting, and these inconsistencies may be due to the prevalence of representing mitochondrial function through static and isolated measurements of specific mitochondrial...... characteristics. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate mitochondrial function in response to high-altitude acclimatization through measurements of respiratory control in the vastus lateralis muscle. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from 10 lowland natives prior to and again after a total of 9......-11 days of exposure to 4559 m. High-resolution respirometry was performed on the muscle samples to compare respiratory chain function and respiratory capacities. Respirometric analysis revealed that mitochondrial function was largely unaffected, because high-altitude exposure did not affect the capacity...
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000241 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000241 ... Diseased HPS0183 HPS0183 ... 封入体筋炎 G724 Inclusion body myositis 147...421 ... -- -- ... Yes No intractable disease-specific iPSC derived from Inclution body myositis. 封入体筋炎患者由
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000243 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000243 ... Diseased HPS0174 HPS0174 ... 皮膚筋炎 M339 Dermatopolymyositis 613825 ... ... ... -- -- ... Yes No intractable disease-specific iPSC derived from Dermatomyositis (DM). 皮膚筋炎患者由来iPS細胞株。|
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000600 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000600 ... Diseased PDC3F-1 PDC3F-1 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...titute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patient-derived
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Reduced oxygen at high altitude limits maximum size.
Peck, L S; Chapelle, G
2003-11-07
The trend towards large size in marine animals with latitude, and the existence of giant marine species in polar regions have long been recognized, but remained enigmatic until a recent study showed it to be an effect of increased oxygen availability in sea water of a low temperature. The effect was apparent in data from 12 sites worldwide because of variations in water oxygen content controlled by differences in temperature and salinity. Another major physical factor affecting oxygen content in aquatic environments is reduced pressure at high altitude. Suitable data from high-altitude sites are very scarce. However, an exceptionally rich crustacean collection, which remains largely undescribed, was obtained by the British 1937 expedition from Lake Titicaca on the border between Peru and Bolivia in the Andes at an altitude of 3809 m. We show that in Lake Titicaca the maximum length of amphipods is 2-4 times smaller than other low-salinity sites (Caspian Sea and Lake Baikal).
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000292 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available stem.2013.01.008 Genetic correction of a LRRK2 mutation in human iPSCs links parkinsonian neurodegeneration ... SKIP000292 ... Diseased L1-2Mut L1-2Mut ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson's disease 607060
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000297 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available j.stem.2013.01.008 Genetic correction of a LRRK2 mutation in human iPSCs links parkinsonian neurodegeneratio... SKIP000297 ... Diseased L2-1Mut L2-1Mut ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson's disease 607060
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001117 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP001117 ... Diseased D3-1 D3-1 ... 大うつ病 F33.3 major depression 605210 ... ...-- Male ... Yes No iPS cells derived from fibroblasts of a patient in which a frameshift mutation of disrupted in major depression
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001118 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP001118 ... Diseased D3-2 D3-2 ... 大うつ病 F33.3 major depression 605210 ... ...-- Male ... Yes No iPS cells derived from fibroblasts of a patient in which a frameshift mutation of disrupted in major depression
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000594 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000594 ... Diseased PDB3F-d12 PDB3F-d12 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 1686...he Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patient-derived induced
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000763 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000763 ... Diseased PDB2lox-17 PDB2lox-17 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 16...9371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells free of v
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000765 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000765 ... Diseased PDB2lox-22 PDB2lox-22 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 16...9371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells free of v
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000542 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000542 ... Diseased PDA3F-1 PDA3F-1 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...udolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000953 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000953 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP06.1 SP06.1 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...om human iPS-based models of genetic and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Sanchez-Da
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000591 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000591 ... Diseased PDB3F-5 PDB3F-5 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...dolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000762 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000762 ... Diseased PDB2lox-5 PDB2lox-5 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 1686...71 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells free of vir
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000856 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000856 ... Diseased HPS0256 HPS0256 ... アルツハイマー病 G309 Alzheimer disease 104300... ... -- -- ... No No Disease specific iPS cell line derived from a patient with Alzheimer disease アルツハイマー
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000764 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000764 ... Diseased PDB2lox-21 PDB2lox-21 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 16...9371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson's disease patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells free of v
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High-altitude haematology: Quechua-Aymara comparisons.
Arnaud, J; Quilici, J C; Rivière, G
1981-01-01
Haematological studies have been carried out at various altitudes between 450 m and 4800 m, on two separate human groups (Quechuas and Aymaras) living in South America. Changes in the haematological parameters do not develop linearly in relation to the attitude. Th impact of chronic hypoxia on erythropoiesis is greater above 3000 m. The haemogram varies quantitatively and not qualitatively (mean corpuscular volume and mean haemoglobin concentration remain constant). The haematological study also reveals the greater adaptability to high altitude of the Aymaras, an adaptability characterized by an increase in red cell count and concentration and a decrease in red cell volume. The adaptative phenomena observed in the Quechuas are reversible, whereas they persist in the Aymaras when they migrate to the lowlands (450 m).
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The radiation protection problems of high altitude and space flight
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Fry, R.J.M.
1993-01-01
This paper considers the radiation environment in aircraft at high altitudes and spacecraft in low earth orbit and in deep space and the factors that influence the dose equivalents. Altitude, latitude and solar cycle are the major influences for flights below the radiation belts. In deep space, solar cycle and the occurrence of solar particle events are the factors of influence. The major radiation effects of concern are cancer and infertility in males. In high altitude aircraft the radiation consists mainly of protons and neutrons, with neutrons contributing about half the equivalent dose. The average dose rate at altitudes of transcontinental flights that approach the polar regions are greater by a factor of about 2.5 than on routes at low latitudes. Current estimates of does to air crews suggest they are well within the ICRP (1990) recommended dose limits for radiation workers
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Campbell, Aaron D; McIntosh, Scott E; Nyberg, Andy; Powell, Amy P; Schoene, Robert B; Hackett, Peter
2015-12-01
High-altitude athletes and adventurers face a number of environmental and medical risks. Clinicians often advise participants or guiding agencies before or during these experiences. Preparticipation evaluation (PPE) has the potential to reduce risk of high-altitude illnesses in athletes and adventurers. Specific conditions susceptible to high-altitude exacerbation also important to evaluate include cardiovascular and lung diseases. Recommendations by which to counsel individuals before participation in altitude sports and adventures are few and of limited focus. We reviewed the literature, collected expert opinion, and augmented principles of a traditional sport PPE to accommodate the high-altitude wilderness athlete/adventurer. We present our findings with specific recommendations on risk stratification during a PPE for the high-altitude athlete/adventurer. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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Nasal variation in relation to high-altitude adaptations among Tibetans and Andeans.
Butaric, Lauren N; Klocke, Ross P
2018-05-01
High-altitude (>2500 m) populations face several pressures, including hypoxia and cold-dry air, resulting in greater respiratory demand to obtain more oxygen and condition inspired air. While cardiovascular and pulmonary adaptations to high-altitude hypoxia have been extensively studied, adaptations of upper-respiratory structures, e.g., nasal cavity, remain untested. This study investigates whether nasal morphology presents adaptations to hypoxic (larger noses) and/or cold-dry (tall/narrow noses) conditions among high-altitude samples. CT scans of two high- and four low-altitude samples from diverse climates were collected (n = 130): high-altitude Tibetans and Peruvians; low-altitude Peruvians, Southern Chinese (temperate), Mongolian-Buriats (cold-dry), and Southeast Asians (hot-wet). Facial and nasal distances were calculated from 3D landmarks placed on digitally-modeled crania. Temperature, precipitation, and barometric pressure data were also obtained. Principal components analysis and analyses of variance primarily indicate size-related differences among the cold-dry (Mongolian-Buriats) and hot-wet (Southeast Asians) adapted groups. Two-block partial least squares (PLS) analysis show weak relationships between size-standardized nasal dimensions and environmental variables. However, among PLS1 (85.90% of covariance), Tibetans display relatively larger nasal cavities related to lower temperatures and barometric pressure; regression analyses also indicate high-altitude Tibetans possess relatively larger internal nasal breadths and heights for their facial size. Overall, nasal differences relate to climate among the cold-dry and hot-wet groups. Specific nasal adaptations were not identified among either Peruvian group, perhaps due to their relatively recent migration history and population structure. However, high-altitude Tibetans seem to exhibit a compromise in nasal morphology, serving in increased oxygen uptake, and air-conditioning processes. © 2018
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Mast cells in the human lung at high altitude
Heath, Donald
1992-12-01
Mast cell densities in the lung were measured in five native highlanders of La Paz (3600 m) and in one lowlander dying from high-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPO) at 3440 m. Two of the highlanders were mestizos with normal pulmonary arteries and the others were Aymara Indians with muscular remodelling of their pulmonary vasculature. The aim of the investigation was to determine if accumulation of mast cells in the lung at high altitude (HA) is related to alveolar hypoxia alone, to a combination of hypoxia and muscularization of the pulmonary arterial tree, or to oedema of the lung. The lungs of four lowlanders were used as normoxic controls. The results showed that the mast cell density of the two Mestizos was in the normal range of lowlanders (0.6-8.8 cells/mm2). In the Aymara Indians the mast cell counts were raised (25.6-26.0 cells/mm2). In the lowlander dying from HAPO the mast cell count was greatly raised to 70.1 cells/mm2 lung tissue. The results show that in native highlanders an accumulation of mast cells in the lung is not related to hypoxia alone but to a combination of hypoxia and muscular remodelling of the pulmonary arteries. However, the most potent cause of increased mast cell density in the lung at high altitude appears to be high-altitude pulmonary oedema.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000300 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available ... 23472874 10.1016/j.stem.2013.01.008 Genetic correction of a LRRK2 mutation in human iPSCs links parkinson... SKIP000300 ... Diseased L2-1GC L2-1GC ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson's disease 607060 ...
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000290 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available 1016/j.stem.2013.01.008 Genetic correction of a LRRK2 mutation in human iPSCs links parkinsonian neurodegene... SKIP000290 ... Diseased L1-1Mut L1-1Mut ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson's disease 607060
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000299 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available ... 23472874 10.1016/j.stem.2013.01.008 Genetic correction of a LRRK2 mutation in human iPSCs links parkinsoni... SKIP000299 ... Diseased L2-3Mut L2-3Mut ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson's disease 607060
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000298 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available ... 23472874 10.1016/j.stem.2013.01.008 Genetic correction of a LRRK2 mutation in human iPSCs links parkinsoni... SKIP000298 ... Diseased L2-2Mut L2-2Mut ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson's disease 607060
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000235 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000235 ... Diseased HPS0270 HPS0270 ... アトピー性皮膚炎 L209 Atopic dermatitis 603165... ... -- -- ... Yes No iPS cell line derived from Atopic dermatitis patient. Same patient as HPS0271| アトピー性皮膚炎
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000236 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000236 ... Diseased HPS0271 HPS0271 ... アトピー性皮膚炎 L210 Atopic dermatitis 603166... ... -- -- ... Yes No iPS cell line derived from Atopic dermatitis patient. Same patient as HPS0270| アトピー性皮膚炎
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000968 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000968 ... Diseased PDB1lox-21Puro-12 PDB1lox-21Puro-12 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...ch Rudolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000974 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000974 ... Diseased PDB1lox-21GFP-41 PDB1lox-21GFP-41 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...Jaenisch Rudolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000948 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000948 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP14.2 SP14.2 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...ic phenotypes in dopamine neurons from human iPS-based models of genetic and sporadic Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000943 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000943 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP08.2 SP08.2 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...ific phenotypes in dopamine neurons from human iPS-based models of genetic and sporadic Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000957 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000957 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP13.2 SP13.2 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...cific phenotypes in dopamine neurons from human iPS-based models of genetic and sporadic Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000960 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000960 ... Diseased PDB1lox-17GFP-55 PDB1lox-17GFP-55 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...Jaenisch Rudolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000973 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000973 ... Diseased PDB1lox-21Puro-28 PDB1lox-21Puro-28 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...ch Rudolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000951 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000951 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP05.1 SP05.1 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson... of genetic and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Sanchez-Danes A, Richaud-Patin Y, Carballo-Carbajal I, Jimenez
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000969 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000969 ... Diseased PDB1lox-21Puro-13 PDB1lox-21Puro-13 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...ch Rudolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000962 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000962 ... Diseased PDB1lox-17Puro-10 PDB1lox-17Puro-10 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...ch Rudolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000971 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000971 ... Diseased PDB1lox-21Puro-20 PDB1lox-21Puro-20 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...ch Rudolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000967 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000967 ... Diseased PDB1lox-21Puro-5 PDB1lox-21Puro-5 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson... Rudolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000966 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000966 ... Diseased PDB1lox-21GFP-19 PDB1lox-21GFP-19 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...Jaenisch Rudolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000937 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000937 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP01.4 SP01.4 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...ific phenotypes in dopamine neurons from human iPS-based models of genetic and sporadic Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000956 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000956 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP12.4 SP12.4 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...cific phenotypes in dopamine neurons from human iPS-based models of genetic and sporadic Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000954 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000954 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP06.2 SP06.2 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson... of genetic and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Sanchez-Danes A, Richaud-Patin Y, Carballo-Carbajal I, Jimenez
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000952 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000952 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP05.2 SP05.2 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...fic phenotypes in dopamine neurons from human iPS-based models of genetic and sporadic Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000950 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000950 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP16.3 SP16.3 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...ific phenotypes in dopamine neurons from human iPS-based models of genetic and sporadic Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000959 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000959 ... Diseased PDB1lox-17GFP-29 PDB1lox-17GFP-29 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...Jaenisch Rudolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000972 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000972 ... Diseased PDB1lox-21Puro-26 PDB1lox-21Puro-26 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...ch Rudolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000970 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000970 ... Diseased PDB1lox-21Puro-18 PDB1lox-21Puro-18 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...ch Rudolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000964 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000964 ... Diseased PDB1lox-17Puro-31 PDB1lox-17Puro-31 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...ch Rudolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000963 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000963 ... Diseased PDB1lox-17Puro-12 PDB1lox-17Puro-12 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...ch Rudolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000855 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000855 ... Diseased HPS0255 HPS0255 ... アルツハイマー病 G309 Alzheimer disease 104300... ... -- -- Japanese Japanese No No Disease specific iPS cell line derived from a patient with Alzheimer disease アルツハイマー
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000854 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000854 ... Diseased HPS0254 HPS0254 ... アルツハイマー病 G309 Alzheimer disease 104300... ... -- -- Japanese Japanese No No Disease specific iPS cell line derived from a patient with Alzheimer disease アルツハイマー
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000939 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000939 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP02.2 SP02.2 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...ic phenotypes in dopamine neurons from human iPS-based models of genetic and sporadic Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000961 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000961 ... Diseased PDB1lox-17Puro-5 PDB1lox-17Puro-5 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson... Rudolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000965 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000965 ... Diseased PDB1lox-17Puro-33 PDB1lox-17Puro-33 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...ch Rudolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkinson
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Gait biomechanics of skipping are substantially different than those of running.
McDonnell, Jessica; Willson, John D; Zwetsloot, Kevin A; Houmard, Joseph; DeVita, Paul
2017-11-07
The inherit injury risk associated with high-impact exercises calls for alternative ways to achieve the benefits of aerobic exercise while minimizing excessive stresses to body tissues. Skipping presents such an alternative, incorporating double support, flight, and single support phases. We used ground reaction forces (GRFs), lower extremity joint torques and powers to compare skipping and running in 20 healthy adults. The two consecutive skipping steps on each limb differed significantly from each other, and from running. Running had the longest step length, the highest peak vertical GRF, peak knee extensor torque, and peak knee negative and positive power and negative and positive work. Skipping had the greater cadence, peak horizontal GRF, peak hip and ankle extensor torques, peak ankle negative power and work, and peak ankle positive power. The second vs first skipping step had the shorter step length, higher cadence, peak horizontal GRF, peak ankle extensor torque, and peak ankle negative power, negative work, and positive power and positive work. The first skipping step utilized predominately net negative joint work (eccentric muscle action) while the second utilized predominately net positive joint work (concentric muscle action). The skipping data further highlight the persistence of net negative work performed at the knee and net positive work performed at the ankle across locomotion gaits. Evidence of step segregation was seen in distribution of the braking and propelling impulses and net work produced across the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Skipping was substantially different than running and was temporally and spatially asymmetrical with successive foot falls partitioned into a dominant function, either braking or propelling whereas running had a single, repeated step in which both braking and propelling actions were performed equally. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter (PM) at high altitude cities
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bravo Alvarez, H.; Sosa Echeverria, R.; Sanchez Alvarez, P.; Krupa, S.
2013-01-01
The Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter (PM) at high altitude urban areas in different countries, must consider the pressure and temperature due to the effect that these parameters have on the breath volume. This paper shows the importance to correct Air Quality Standards for PM considering pressure and temperature at different altitudes. Specific factors were suggested to convert the information concerning PM, from local to standard conditions, and adjust the Air Quality Standards for different high altitudes cities. The correction factors ranged from: 1.03 for Santiago de Chile to 1.47 for El Alto Bolivia. Other cities in this study include: Mexico City, México; La Paz, Bolivia; Bogota, Cali and Medellin, Colombia; Quito, Ecuador and Cuzco, Peru. If these corrections are not considered, the atmospheric concentrations will be underestimated. - Highlights: ► AQS for particulate matter concentrations adjusted by pressure and temperature. ► Particulate matter concentrations can be underestimated in high altitude Cities. ► Particulate matter concentrations must be compared under the same conditions. - In order to compare high altitude atmospheric PM concentrations with AQS, one must consider T and P of the sampling site.
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Circulatory adaptation to long-term high altitude exposure in Aymaras and Caucasians.
Stuber, Thomas; Scherrer, Urs
2010-01-01
About 30 million people live above 2500 m in the Andean Mountains of South America. Among them are 5.5 million Aymaras, an ethnic group with its own language, living on the altiplano of Bolivia, Peru, and northern Chile at altitudes of up to 4400 m. In this high altitude region traces of human population go back for more than 2000 years with constant evolutionary pressure on its residents for genetic adaptation to high altitude. Aymaras as the assumed direct descendents of the ancient cultures living in this region were the focus of much research interest during the last decades and several distinctive adaptation patterns to life at high altitude have been described in this ethnic group. The aim of this article was to review the physiology and pathophysiology of circulatory adaptation and maladaptation to longtime altitude exposure in Aymaras and Caucasians.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Debra A O'Leary
Full Text Available One therapeutic approach to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD recently entering clinical trials aims to convert DMD phenotypes to that of a milder disease variant, Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD, by employing antisense oligonucleotides (AONs targeting splice sites, to induce exon skipping and restore partial dystrophin function. In order to search for small molecule and genetic modulators of AON-dependent and independent exon skipping, we screened approximately 10,000 known small molecule drugs, >17,000 cDNA clones, and >2,000 kinase- targeted siRNAs against a 5.6 kb luciferase minigene construct, encompassing exon 71 to exon 73 of human dystrophin. As a result, we identified several enhancers of exon skipping, acting on both the reporter construct as well as endogenous dystrophin in mdx cells. Multiple mechanisms of action were identified, including histone deacetylase inhibition, tubulin modulation and pre-mRNA processing. Among others, the nucleolar protein NOL8 and staufen RNA binding protein homolog 2 (Stau2 were found to induce endogenous exon skipping in mdx cells in an AON-dependent fashion. An unexpected but recurrent theme observed in our screening efforts was the apparent link between the inhibition of cell cycle progression and the induction of exon skipping.
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Cerebral venous system and anatomical predisposition to high-altitude headache
Wilson, Mark H.; Davagnanam, Indran; Holland, Graeme; Dattani, Raj S.; Tamm, Alexander; Hirani, Shashivadan P.; Kolfschoten, Nicky; Strycharczuk, Lisa; Green, Cathy; Thornton, John S.; Wright, Alex; Edsell, Mark; Kitchen, Neil D.; Sharp, David J.; Ham, Timothy E.; Murray, Andrew; Holloway, Cameron J.; Clarke, Kieran; Grocott, Mike P. W.; Montgomery, Hugh; Imray, Chris; Ahuja, V.; Aref-Adib, G.; Burnham, R.; Chisholm, A.; Clarke, K.; Coates, D.; Coates, M.; Cook, D.; Cox, M.; Dhillon, S.; Dougall, C.; Doyle, P.; Duncan, P.; Edsell, M.; Edwards, L.; Evans, L.; Gardiner, P.; Grocott, M.; Gunning, P.; Hart, N.; Harrington, J.; Harvey, J.; Holloway, C.; Howard, D.; Hurlbut, D.; Imray, C.; Ince, C.; Jonas, M.; van der Kaaij, J.
2013-01-01
As inspired oxygen availability falls with ascent to altitude, some individuals develop high-altitude headache (HAH). We postulated that HAH results when hypoxia-associated increases in cerebral blood flow occur in the context of restricted venous drainage, and is worsened when cerebral compliance
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000293 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available ... 23472874 10.1016/j.stem.2013.01.008 Genetic correction of a LRRK2 mutation in human iPSCs links parkinson... SKIP000293 ... Diseased L1-1GC2 L1-1GC2 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson's disease 607060
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000302 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available ... Information Only ... 23472874 10.1016/j.stem.2013.01.008 Genetic correction of a LRRK2 mutation in human iPSCs links parkinso... SKIP000302 ... Diseased L2-3GC L2-3GC ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson's disease 607060 ...
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000253 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available 21490598 10.1038/nature09915 Modelling schizophrenia using human induced pluripo... SKIP000253 ... Diseased GM23760 GM23760 ... 統合失調症 F20 Schizophrenia 181500 ... ...(SCZD) .episodes of agitatation, delusions of persecutation, fear of assassination, father also affected. 統合失調症
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000245 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000245 ... Diseased HPS0164 HPS0164 ... デュシェンヌ型筋ジストロフィー G710 Duchenne Muscular... Dystrophy 310200 ... -- -- ... Yes No intractable disease-specific iPSC derived from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. デュシェンヌ
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000955 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000955 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP12.3 SP12.3 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...ls of genetic and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Sanchez-Danes A, Richaud-Patin Y, Carballo-Carbajal I, Jimen
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000945 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000945 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP10.1 SP10.1 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...e neurons from human iPS-based models of genetic and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Sanchez-Danes A, Richaud-
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000946 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000946 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP10.2 SP10.2 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...sease-specific phenotypes in dopamine neurons from human iPS-based models of genetic and sporadic Parkinso
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000958 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000958 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP13.4 SP13.4 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...ls of genetic and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Sanchez-Danes A, Richaud-Patin Y, Carballo-Carbajal I, Jimen
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000936 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000936 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP01.1 SP01.1 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...s of genetic and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Sanchez-Danes A, Richaud-Patin Y, Carballo-Carbajal I, Jimene
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000949 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000949 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP16.2 SP16.2 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...s of genetic and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Sanchez-Danes A, Richaud-Patin Y, Carballo-Carbajal I, Jimene
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000942 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000942 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP08.1 SP08.1 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...s of genetic and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Sanchez-Danes A, Richaud-Patin Y, Carballo-Carbajal I, Jimene
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000301 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available ... Information Only ... 23472874 10.1016/j.stem.2013.01.008 Genetic correction of a LRRK2 mutation in human iPSCs links parkinson... SKIP000301 ... Diseased L2-2GC L2-2GC ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson's disease 607060 ...
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Training-dependent cognitive advantage is suppressed at high altitude.
Li, Peng; Zhang, Gang; You, Hai-Yan; Zheng, Ran; Gao, Yu-Qi
2012-06-25
Ascent to high altitude is associated with decreases in cognitive function and work performance as a result of hypoxia. Some workers with special jobs typically undergo intensive mental training because they are expected to be agile, stable and error-free in their job performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk to cognitive function acquired from training following hypoxic exposure. The results of WHO neurobehavioral core tests battery (WHO-NCTB) and Raven's standard progressive matrices (RSPM) tests of a group of 54 highly trained military operators were compared with those of 51 non-trained ordinary people and were investigated at sea level and on the fifth day after arrival at high altitudes (3900m). Meanwhile, the plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were examined. The result showed that at sea level, the trained group exhibited significantly better performance on neurobehavioral and RSPM tests. At high altitude, both groups had decreased accuracy in most cognitive tests and took longer to finish them. More importantly, the highly trained subjects showed more substantial declines than the non-trained subjects in visual reaction accuracy, auditory reaction speed, digit symbol scores, ability to report correct dots in a pursuit aiming test and total RSPM scores. This means that the training-dependent cognitive advantages in these areas were suppressed at high altitudes. The above phenomenon maybe associated with decreased BDNF and elevated inflammatory factor during hypoxia, and other mechanisms could not be excluded. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Are macroinvertebrates in high altitude streams affected by oxygen deficiency?
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Jacobsen, Dean; Rostgaard, S.; Vásconez, J. J.
2003-01-01
1. The solubility of oxygen in water increases with decreasing temperature. This has led to a general perception of cold, high mountain streams as more oxygen rich than warmer lowland streams, and that macroinvertebrates inhabiting high altitude streams have had no need to adapt to critical oxygen...... conditions. However, this fails to take into account that oxygen solubility declines with decreasing atmospheric pressure, which may be of importance at high altitudes. 2. Based on samples of macroinvertebrate benthos and in situ measurements of respiratory oxygen demand of macroinvertebrates in small...... the mean weight-specific respiratory rate of macroinvertebrates declined by only 50%, from 400 to 3800 m. We suggest that this disproportionately large gap between availability and demand of oxygen at high altitudes may imply a potential oxygen deficiency for the fauna, and we discuss how oxygen deficiency...
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Zhu, Hai-tao; Bian, Chen; Yuan, Ji-chao; Liao, Xiao-jun; Liu, Wei; Zhu, Gang; Feng, Hua; Lin, Jiang-kai
2015-06-15
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) at high altitude is not well understood to date. This study investigates the effects of high altitude on ICH, and examines the acute neuroprotection of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy against high-altitude ICH. Minipigs were placed in a hypobaric chamber for 72 h before the operation. ICH was induced by an infusion of autologous arterial blood (3 ml) into the right basal ganglia. Animals in the high-altitude ICH group received HBO therapy (2.5 ATA for 60 min) 30 min after ICH. Blood gas, blood glucose and brain tissue oxygen partial pressure (PbtO2) were monitored continuously for animals from all groups, as were microdialysis products including glucose, lactate, pyruvate and glutamate in perihematomal tissue from 3 to 12 h post-ICH. High-altitude ICH animals showed significantly lower PbtO2, higher lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR) and glutamate levels than low-altitude ICH animals. More severe neurological deficits, brain edema and neuronal damage were also observed in high-altitude ICH. After HBO therapy, PbtO2 was significantly increased and LPR and glutamate levels were significantly decreased. Brain edema, neurological deficits and neuronal damage were also ameliorated. The data suggested a more serious disturbance of tissue oxygenation and cerebral metabolism in the acute stage after ICH at high altitude. Early HBO treatment reduced acute brain injury, perhaps through a mechanism involving the amelioration of the derangement of cerebral oxygenation and metabolism following high-altitude ICH.
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Cold induced peripheral vasodilation at high altitudes- a field study
Daanen, H.A.M.; Ruiten, H.J.A. van
2000-01-01
A significant reduction in cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) is observed at high altitudes. No agreement is found in the literature about acclimatization effects on CIVD. Two studies were performed to investigate the effect of altitude acclimatization on CIVD. In the first study 13 male subjects
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Control of breathing and the circulation in high-altitude mammals and birds.
Ivy, Catherine M; Scott, Graham R
2015-08-01
Hypoxia is an unremitting stressor at high altitudes that places a premium on oxygen transport by the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Phenotypic plasticity and genotypic adaptation at various steps in the O2 cascade could help offset the effects of hypoxia on cellular O2 supply in high-altitude natives. In this review, we will discuss the unique mechanisms by which ventilation, cardiac output, and blood flow are controlled in high-altitude mammals and birds. Acclimatization to high altitudes leads to some changes in respiratory and cardiovascular control that increase O2 transport in hypoxia (e.g., ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia). However, acclimatization or development in hypoxia can also modify cardiorespiratory control in ways that are maladaptive for O2 transport. Hypoxia responses that arose as short-term solutions to O2 deprivation (e.g., peripheral vasoconstriction) or regional variation in O2 levels in the lungs (i.e., hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction) are detrimental at in chronic high-altitude hypoxia. Evolved changes in cardiorespiratory control have arisen in many high-altitude taxa, including increases in effective ventilation, attenuation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, and changes in catecholamine sensitivity of the heart and systemic vasculature. Parallel evolution of some of these changes in independent highland lineages supports their adaptive significance. Much less is known about the genomic bases and potential interactive effects of adaptation, acclimatization, developmental plasticity, and trans-generational epigenetic transfer on cardiorespiratory control. Future work to understand these various influences on breathing and circulation in high-altitude natives will help elucidate how complex physiological systems can be pushed to their limits to maintain cellular function in hypoxia. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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EFFECT OF HIGH ALTITUDE ON ERECTILE FUNCTION IN OTHERWISE HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Usama Bin Zubair
2016-06-01
Full Text Available Objective: To determine the effect of high altitude on Erectile function in otherwise healthy individuals and associated socio demographic factors. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: January 2014 to March 2014 at Goma, Siachin. Material and Methods: One hundred & twenty two married male subjects living at an altitude of more than 15000 feet for more than 3 month and less than one year were included in the study. Erectile dysfunction (ED was assessed using International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5. Age, education, smoking, monthly income, any drug intake, altitude, duration of stay and weather conditions were correlated independently with ED. Results: Out of 122, 26 (21.3% had no ED, 18 had mild, 28 (14.8% had mild to moderate, 36(29.5% had moderate and 14 (11.5% had severe ED. Advancing age, low monthly income, smoking, high altitude, cold weather and longer duration of stay had significant association with ED (p-value<0.05 while education and use of any drug were not found significantly associated in our study. Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of erectile dysfunction among otherwise healthy individuals when exposed to high altitude. Special attention should be paid on individuals with more age, less income and those working or residing at higher altitudes in peak winter season. Smoking and stay for longer durations should also be discouraged.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001141 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP001141 ... cardiac fibroblast 心臓線維芽細胞 Normal ATCC-CYS0105 ATCC-CYS0105 ... ...mary cardiac fibroblasts obtained from a healthy donor. ... 健常人の心臓線維芽細胞由来iPS細胞。 human ES-like Research Grade Se
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000816 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000816 ... Diseased ACH-8858-6 ACH-8858-6 ... 軟骨無形成症 Q774 Achondroplasia 10080...0 ... 30 30-39 Female Japanese Japanese Yes No Achondroplasia(GM08858)-specific iPSC.GM08858 is from the mother of GM08859. 軟骨無形成
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000265 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000265 ... Diseased HPS0264 HPS0264 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease ... ... ... 40-49 Male ... Yes No iPS cell line derived from Parkinson disease patient. パーキンソン病患者由来| human ES-like -- Re
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Physiological aspects of altitude training and the use of altitude simulators
Ranković Goran; Radovanović Dragan
2005-01-01
Altitude training in various forms is widely practiced by athletes and coaches in an attempt to improve sea level endurance. Training at high altitude may improve performance at sea level through altitude acclimatization, which improves oxygen transport and/or utilization, or through hypoxia, which intensifies the training stimulus. This basic physiological aspect allows three training modalities: live high and train high (classic high-altitude training), live low and train high (training thr...
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Scientific Approach for Optimising Performance, Health and Safety in High-Altitude Observatories
Böcker, Michael; Vogy, Joachim; Nolle-Gösser, Tanja
2008-09-01
The ESO coordinated study “Optimising Performance, Health and Safety in High-Altitude Observatories” is based on a psychological approach using a questionnaire for data collection and assessment of high-altitude effects. During 2007 and 2008, data from 28 staff and visitors involved in APEX and ALMA were collected and analysed and the first results of the study are summarised. While there is a lot of information about biomedical changes at high altitude, relatively few studies have focussed on psychological changes, for example with respect to performance of mental tasks, safety consciousness and emotions. Both, biomedical and psychological changes are relevant factors in occupational safety and health. The results of the questionnaire on safety, health and performance issues demonstrate that the working conditions at high altitude are less detrimental than expected.
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Unchanged cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism after acclimatization to high altitude
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Møller, Kirsten; Paulson, Olaf B; Hornbein, Thomas F.
2002-01-01
The authors investigated the effect of acclimatization to high altitude on cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism at rest and during exercise. Nine healthy, native sea-level residents were studied 3 weeks after arrival at Chacaltaya, Bolivia (5,260 m) and after reacclimatization to sea level....... At high altitude at rest, arterial carbon dioxide tension, oxygen saturation, and oxygen tension were significantly reduced, and arterial oxygen content was increased because of an increase in hemoglobin concentration. Global cerebral blood flow was similar in the four conditions. Cerebral oxygen delivery...... and cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen and glucose also remained unchanged, whereas cerebral metabolic rates of lactate increased slightly but nonsignificantly at high altitude during exercise compared with high altitude at rest. Reaction time was unchanged. The data indicate that cerebral blood flow...
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Design study for remotely piloted, high-altitude airplanes powered by microwave energy
Morris, C. E. K., Jr.
1983-01-01
A design study has been conducted for unmanned, microwave-powered airplanes that must fly with long endurance at high altitude. They are proposed to conduct communications-relay, observation, or various scientific missions above approximately 55,000 feet altitude. The special characteristics of the microwave-power system and high-altitude, low-speed vehicle are reviewed. Examples of both sizing and performance analysis are used to suggest design procedure guidelines.
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High altitude pulmonary edema among "Amarnath Yatris"
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Parvaiz A Koul
2013-01-01
Full Text Available Background: Annual pilgrimage (Yatra to the cave shrine of Shri Amarnath Ji′ is a holy ritual among the Hindu devotees of Lord Shiva. Located in the Himalayan Mountain Range (altitude 13,000 ft in south Kashmir, the shrine is visited by thousands of devotees and altitude sickness is reportedly common. Materials and Methods: More than 600,000 pilgrims visited the cave shrine in 2011 and 2012 with 239 recorded deaths. Thirty one patients with suspected altitude sickness were referred from medical centers en-route the cave to Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, a tertiary-care center in capital Srinagar (5,000 ft. The clinical features and the response to treatment were recorded. Results: Thirty-one patients (all lowlanders, 19 male; age 18-60 years, median 41 had presented with acute onset breathlessness of 1-4 days (median 1.9 d starting within 12-24 h of a rapid ascent; accompanied by cough (68%, headache (8%, dizziness and nausea (65%. Sixteen patients had associated encephalopathy. Clinical features on admission included tachypnea ( n = 31, tachycardia ( n = 23, bilateral chest rales ( n = 29, cyanosis ( n = 22 and grade 2-4 encephalopathy. Hypoxemia was demonstrable in 24 cases and bilateral infiltrates on radiologic imaging in 29. Ten patients had evidence of high-altitude cerebral edema. All patients were managed with oxygen, steroids, nifedipine, sildenafil and other supportive measures including invasive ventilation ( n = 3. Three patients died due to multiorgan dysfunction. Conclusions: Altitude sickness is common among Amaranath Yatris from the plains and appropriate educational strategies should be invoked for prevention and prompt treatment.
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Novel drugs in the management of acute mountain sickness and high altitude pulmonary edema
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sikri G
2015-12-01
Full Text Available Gaurav Sikri, Anirban Bhattacharya Department of Physiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Wanowarie, Pune, IndiaWe read with great interest the review article titled “Wilderness medicine at high altitude: recent developments in the field” by Shah et al.1 The authors have comprehensively summarized the recent advances in the field of high altitude medicine relevant to sports and travel medicine. However, Shah et al have described potential drugs for management of high-altitude illnesses, such as acute mountain sickness (AMS, high altitude cerebral edema, and high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE as one group under the section “Novel drug treatment for AMS”. The pathophysiologies of these two sets of diseases (AMS/high altitude cerebral edema as one and HAPE as another set are different2 and hence it would have been nice to have had the novel drugs described separately to elucidate the therapeutic approach for the two different classes of diseases.View original paper by Shah et al.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000151 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000151 ... Blastocyst 胚盤胞 Unknown KhES-2 KhES-2 ... -- -- ... -- No Embryonic Stem cell 胚性幹細胞...京都大学再生医科学研究所 ... 16707099 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.135 Efficient establishment of human embryonic stem cell l
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000888 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000888 ... T cells T細胞 Normal 24HM 24HM ... 24 20-29 Male Japanese 日本人 -- No iPS cell...s from healthy human T cells ヒト健常人由来iPS細胞 human ES-like Research Grade Plasmid OCT4,SOX2,KL
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000815 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000815 ... Diseased ACH-8857-1 ACH-8857-1 ... 軟骨無形成症 Q774 Achondroplasia 10080...0 ... 34 30-39 Male Japanese Japanese Yes No Achondroplasia(GM08857)-specific iPSC.GM08857 is from the father of GM08859. 軟骨無形成症
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000733 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000733 ... Diseased GM24666 GM24666 sAD2 sAD2 アルツハイマー病 G309 ALZHEIMER DISEAS...E 104300 ... 83 80-89 Male ... Yes Yes ALZHEIMER DISEASE(Sporadic AD) hiPSC derived from fibroblast アルツハイマー
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Kajian Teknologi High Altitude Platform (HAP [Study of High Altitude Platform (HAP Technology
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Amry Daulat Gultom
2016-07-01
Full Text Available High Altitude Platform (HAP merupakan solusi alternatif untuk mengatasi keterbatasan infrastruktur terestrial maupun satelit. HAP merupakan pesawat ataupun balon udara yang ditempatkan pada ketinggian 20-50 km di atas permukaan bumi. Kelebihan yang utama dari HAP adalah kemudahan dalam penempatan, fleksibilitas, biaya operasionalnya rendah, delay propagasi rendah, sudut elevasi lebar, cakupan yang luas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi HAP untuk komunikasi pita lebar dan perkembangannya di Indonesia. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan mengolah data literatur yang didapat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia terdapat potensi teknologi HAP untuk komunikasi pita lebar dengan lebar pita 2x300 MHz di band 27,9-28,2 GHz dan 31-31,3 GHz. Namun, belum ada peraturan yang mengatur alokasi frekuensi untuk HAP secara khusus di Indonesia.*****High Altitude Platform (HAP has been developed as an alternative solution in order to overcome limitation of terrestrial and satellite communication system. HAP is an aircraft or balloon situated on 20-50 km above the earth. Main advantages of HAP are flexibility in deployment, low propagation delay, wide elevation angle and broad coverage. The research is conducted to gather HAP potential for broadband communication and its development in Indonesia. Analysis is conducted by descriptive analysis from literature study gather. The research result shows that in Indonesia, there is potential of HAP technology for broadband communication with 2x300 MHz bandwidth within 27,9-28,2 GHz and 31-31,3 GHz. Yet, there are no specific regulations managing frequency allocation for HAP in Indonesia.
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Difference in blood microcirculation recovery between normal frostbite and high-altitude frostbite
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ming-ke JIAO
2017-02-01
Full Text Available Objective To determine the difference in blood microcirculation recovery between normal frostbite and high-altitude frostbite during the wound healing. Methods Twenty four male rats were randomly divided into control group (n=8, normal frostbite group (n=8, and high-altitude group (n=8. The normal frostbite group rats were frozen to produce mid-degree frostbite models by controlling the freezing time with liquid nitrogen penetration equipment. The high-altitude frostbite group rats were acclimated to a hypoxic and low-pressure environment for 1 week, and then the high-altitude frostbite models were constructed by the same way with liquid nitrogen penetration apparatus. On days 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, and 23 after modeling, the recovery situation of blood circulation of each group was observed with contrast ultrasonography by injecting SonoVue micro-bubble into rats' tail. Finally, the micro-bubble concentration (MC was calculated to confirm the blood circulation recovery with software Image Pro. Results At different time points, the wound area of the high-altitude frostbite group was bigger than that of the normal frostbite group, and the MC of control group was always about (27±0.2×109/ml. On day 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, and 23, the MC was significantly lower in the high-altitude frostbite group than in the control group and normal frostbite group (P<0.05. The MC of normal frostbite group was significantly lower than that of the control group on day 3, 7, 11, 15 and 19 (P<0.05. In addition, no obvious difference in MC was found between normal group and control group on the 23th day (P<0.05. Conclusion The blood microcirculation recovery after high-altitude frostbite is significantly slower than the normal frostbite. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2017.01.13
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Civilian Training in High-Altitude Flight Physiology
1991-08-01
A survey was conducted to determine if training in high-altitude physiology should : be required for civilian pilots; what the current status of such training was; and, : if required, what should be included in an ideal curriculum. The survey include...
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000242 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000242 ... Diseased HPS0178 HPS0178 ... 全身性強皮症 M340 Systemic Scleroderma 18175...), Systematic Sclerosis (SSc)| 全身性強皮症 ... 全身性硬化症 患者由来iPS細胞株。| human ES-like -- Sendai virus Sendai Virus Vector
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000240 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000240 ... Diseased HPS0184 HPS0184 ... 全身性強皮症 M340 Systemic Scleroderma 18175...), Systematic Sclerosis (SSc)| 全身性強皮症、全身性硬化症 患者由来iPS細胞株。| human ES-like -- Sendai virus Sendai Virus Vector
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000382 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000382 ... Diseased HPS0244 HPS0244 ... X連鎖αサラセミア·精神遅滞（ATR-X）症候群 D560 X-Linked alpha-Thalassemia...fic iPS cell line derived from a patient : X-Linked alpha-Thalassemia, Mental Retardation Syndrome (ATR-X sy
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000596 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000596 ... Diseased PDB4F-2 PDB4F-2 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...f Jaenisch Rudolf Jaenisch Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkins...on's disease patient-derived induced pluripotent stem ce
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000589 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000589 ... Diseased PDA3F-5 PDA3F-5 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson disease 168600 ... ...Available The Whitehead Institute The Whitehead Institute ... 19269371 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 Parkins...on's disease patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells free of viral reprogram
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000771 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available e PARK6 600116 ... -- -- ... Yes No iPS cell line derived from a patient with Parkinson's disease, Familial type, PARK6. 家族性パーキンソン... SKIP000771 ... Diseased PKA13 PKA13 ... 家族性パーキンソン病 G20 familial parkinson's diseas
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000770 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available PARK6 600116 ... -- -- ... Yes No iPS cell line derived from a patient with Parkinson's disease, Familial type, PARK6. 家族性パーキンソン... SKIP000770 ... Diseased PKA5 PKA5 ... 家族性パーキンソン病 G20 familial parkinson's disease
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000175 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available le Black Black -- No Apparently healthy iPSCs from fetal lung fibroblast cell culture (GM06114) 健常胎児肺線維芽細胞(GM06114)由来iPS細胞... SKIP000175 ... Lung Fibroblast 肺線維芽細胞 Normal GM23392 GM23392 ... 0-9 Ma
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Aspirated Compressors for High Altitude Engines, Phase I
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Aurora Flight Sciences proposes to incorporate aspirated compressor technology into a high altitude, long endurance (HALE) concept engine. Aspiration has been proven...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Chun Guo
2015-12-01
Full Text Available The low atmospheric pressure and low oxygen content in high-altitude environment have great impacts on the functions of human body. Especially for the personnel engaged in complicated physical labor such as tunnel construction, high altitude can cause a series of adverse physiological reactions, which may result in multiple high-altitude diseases and even death in severe cases. Artificial oxygen supply is required to ensure health and safety of construction personnel in hypoxic environments. However, there are no provisions for oxygen supply standard for tunnel construction personnel in high-altitude areas in current tunnel construction specifications. As a result, this paper has theoretically studied the impacts of high-altitude environment on human bodies, analyzed the relationship between labor intensity and oxygen consumption in high-altitude areas and determined the critical oxygen-supply altitude values for tunnel construction based on two different standard evaluation systems, i.e., variation of air density and equivalent PIO2. In addition, it has finally determined the oxygen supply standard for construction personnel in high-altitude areas based on the relationship between construction labor intensity and oxygen consumption.
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Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems
Harald Pauli
2016-01-01
Reviewed: Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems By Münir Öztürk, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, I. Faridah-Hanum and Efe. Recep, Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2015. xvii + 696 pp. US$ 239.00. ISBN 978-3-319-12858-0.
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Effect of egg composition and oxidoreductase on adaptation of Tibetan chicken to high altitude.
Jia, C L; He, L J; Li, P C; Liu, H Y; Wei, Z H
2016-07-01
Tibetan chickens have good adaptation to hypoxic conditions, which can be reflected by higher hatchability than lowland breeds when incubated at high altitude. The objective of this trial was to study changes in egg composition and metabolism with regards the adaptation of Tibetan chickens to high altitude. We measured the dry weight of chicken embryos, egg yolk, and egg albumen, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) in breast muscle, heart, and liver from embryos of Tibetan chicken and Dwarf chicken (lowland breed) incubated at high (2,900 m) and low (100 m) altitude. We found that growth of chicken embryos was restricted at high altitude, especially for Dwarf chicken embryos. In Tibetan chicken, the egg weight was lighter, but the dry weight of egg yolk was heavier than that of Dwarf chicken. The LDH activities of the three tissues from the high altitude groups were respectively higher than those of the lowland groups from d 15 to hatching, except for breast muscle of Tibetan chicken embryos on d 15. In addition, under the high altitude environment, the heart tissue from Tibetan chicken had lower LDH activity than that from Dwarf chicken at d 15 and 18. The lactic acid content of blood from Tibetan chicken embryos was lower than that of Dwarf chicken at d 12 and 15 of incubation at high altitude. There was no difference in SDH activity in the three tissues between the high altitude groups and the lowland groups except in three tissues of hatchlings and at d 15 of incubation in breast muscle, nor between the two breeds at high altitude except in the heart of hatchlings. Consequently, the adaptation of Tibetan chicken to high altitude may be associated with higher quantities of yolk in the egg and a low metabolic oxygen demand in tissue, which illuminate the reasons that the Tibetan chicken have higher hatchability with lower oxygen transport ability. © 2016 Poultry Science Association Inc.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Paul J. Anderson
2011-01-01
Full Text Available Introduction Each year, the US Antarctic Program rapidly transports scientists and support personnel from sea level (SL to the South Pole (SP, 2835 m providing a unique natural laboratory to quantify the incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS, patterns of altitude related symptoms and the field effectiveness of acetazolamide in a highly controlled setting. We hypothesized that the combination of rapid ascent (3 hr, accentuated hypobarism (relative to altitude, cold, and immediate exertion would increase altitude illness risk. Methods Medically screened adults (N = 246, age = 37 ± 11 yr, 30% female, BMI = 26 ± 4 kg/m 2 were recruited. All underwent SL and SP physiological evaluation, completed Lake Louise symptom questionnaires (LLSQ, to define AMS, and answered additional symptom related questions (eg, exertional dyspnea, mental status, cough, edema and general health, during the 1st week at altitude. Acetazolamide, while not mandatory, was used by 40% of participants. Results At SP, the barometric pressure resulted in physiological altitudes that approached 3400 m, while T ° C averaged -42, humidity 0.03%. Arterial oxygen saturation averaged 89% ± 3%. Overall, 52% developed LLSQ defined AMS. The most common symptoms reported were exertional dyspnea-(87%, sleeping difficulty-(74%, headache-(66%, fatigue-(65%, and dizziness/lightheadedness-(46%. Symptom severity peaked on days 1-2, yet in >20% exertional dyspnea, fatigue and sleep problems persisted through day 7. AMS incidence was similar between those using acetazolamide and those abstaining (51 vs. 52%, P = 0.87. Those who used acetazolamide tended to be older, have less altitude experience, worse symptoms on previous exposures, and less SP experience. Conclusion The incidence of AMS at SP tended to be higher than previously reports in other geographic locations at similar altitudes. Thus, the SP constitutes a more intense altitude exposure than might be expected considering physical
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Butterflies of the high altitude Atacama Desert: habitat use and conservation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Emma eDespland
2014-09-01
Full Text Available The butterfly fauna of the high-altitude desert of Northern Chile, though depauperate, shows high endemism, is poorly known and is of considerable conservation concern. This study surveys butterflies along the Andean slope between 2400 and 500 m asl (prepuna, puna and Andean steppe habitats as well as in high and low altitude wetlands and in the neoriparian vegetation of agricultural sites. We also include historical sightings from museum records. We compare abundances between altitudes, between natural and impacted sites, as well as between two sampling years with different precipitation regimes. The results confirm high altitudinal turnover and show greatest similarity between wetland and slope faunas at similar altitudes. Results also underscore vulnerability to weather fluctuations, particularly in the more arid low-altitude sites, where abundances were much lower in the low precipitation sampling season and several species were not observed at all. Finally, we show that some species have shifted to the neoriparian vegetation of the agricultural landscape, whereas others were only observed in less impacted habitats dominated by native plants. These results suggest that acclimation to novel habitats depends on larval host plant use. The traditional agricultural environment can provide habitat for many, but not all, native butterfly species, but an estimation of the value of these habitats requires better understanding of butterfly life-history strategies and relationships with host plants.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000388 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000388 ... Diseased HPS0207 HPS0207 ... X連鎖アルファ-サラセミア・精神遅滞(ATR-X)症候群 ... Alpha-Thalassemia...l line derived from a patient :Alpha-Thalassemia/Mental Retardation Syndrome, X-Linked; ATRX. ... 疾患特異的iPS細胞株。X
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High altitude-induced albuminuria in normal man is enhanced by infusion of low-dose dopamine
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hansen, J M; Kanstrup, I L; Richalet, J P
1996-01-01
-85) (median with quartiles in parentheses) at high altitude. High altitude hypoxia increased Ualb from 3.2 micrograms min-1 (2.7-3.5) to 5.0 micrograms min-1 (3.3-6.6) (p ... flow (ERPF) from 465 ml min-1 (412-503) to 410 ml min-1 (385-451) (p high altitude. Dopamine...... increased ERPF, GFR, CLi, CNa, and decreased the filtration fraction in both environments. Infusion of dopamine further increased Ualb to 10.5 micrograms min-1 (5.5-64.8) (p high altitude, but had no effect on Ualb at sea level. In conclusion, high altitude hypoxia per se increases the urinary...
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Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Harald Pauli
2016-02-01
Full Text Available Reviewed: Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems By Münir Öztürk, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, I. Faridah-Hanum and Efe. Recep, Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2015. xvii + 696 pp. US$ 239.00. ISBN 978-3-319-12858-0.
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SPLENIC INFARCTION: an intriguing and important cause of pain abdomen in high altitude
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
P. K. Hota
2015-01-01
Full Text Available Background: Patients with Sickle cell trait (SCT are usually asymptomatic. They are usually unaware of their condition unless they have a family history. There are specific situations, where these people suffer from the effects of sickle cell trait. Splenic syndrome at high altitude is one of the specific problems. It is usually seen after a patient with SCT has been inducted to high altitude like in case of mountaineers and military personnel deployed in high altitude warfare. Pain abdomen due to splenic infarction in individuals with SCT is one of the manifestations. These patients, if diagnosed in time, they can be spared from unnecessary surgical interventions. We present herewith our experience of splenic infarction due to SCT in high altitude and their management.
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Experimental StudyHigh Altitude Forced Convective Cooling of Electromechanical Actuation Systems
2016-01-01
34 Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 1989. [3] FedBizOps.Gov, " Integrated Vehicle Energy Technology (INVENT) Development Program for the 6th...AFRL-RQ-WP-TR-2016-0043 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY—HIGH ALTITUDE FORCED CONVECTIVE COOLING OF ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATION SYSTEMS Evan M. Racine...TITLE AND SUBTITLE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY—HIGH ALTITUDE FORCED CONVECTIVE COOLING OF ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATION SYSTEMS 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER In-house
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Text mining and network analysis to find functional associations of genes in high altitude diseases.
Bhasuran, Balu; Subramanian, Devika; Natarajan, Jeyakumar
2018-05-02
Travel to elevations above 2500 m is associated with the risk of developing one or more forms of acute altitude illness such as acute mountain sickness (AMS), high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) or high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Our work aims to identify the functional association of genes involved in high altitude diseases. In this work we identified the gene networks responsible for high altitude diseases by using the principle of gene co-occurrence statistics from literature and network analysis. First, we mined the literature data from PubMed on high-altitude diseases, and extracted the co-occurring gene pairs. Next, based on their co-occurrence frequency, gene pairs were ranked. Finally, a gene association network was created using statistical measures to explore potential relationships. Network analysis results revealed that EPO, ACE, IL6 and TNF are the top five genes that were found to co-occur with 20 or more genes, while the association between EPAS1 and EGLN1 genes is strongly substantiated. The network constructed from this study proposes a large number of genes that work in-toto in high altitude conditions. Overall, the result provides a good reference for further study of the genetic relationships in high altitude diseases. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sheng Li Hu
Full Text Available Hypersensitive C-reaction protein (hsCRP may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment resulting from Alzheimer's disease (AD, stroke, and vascular dementia. This study explored the correlation of peripheral blood hsCRP level with cognitive decline due to high altitude exposure. The study was conducted on 100 male military participants who had never been to high altitude. Cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring, event related potentials (P300, N200 detection, and neurocognitive assessment was performed and total hsCRP, interleukin-6 (IL-6, and homocysteine was estimated at 500 m altitude, 3650 m altitude, 3 day, 1, and 3 month post arriving at the base camp (4400 m, and 1 month after coming back to the 500 m altitude. High altitude increased brain oxygen saturation, prolonged P300 and N200 latencies, injured cognitive functions, and raised plasma hsCRP levels. But they all recovered in varying degrees at 1 and 3 month post arriving at the base camp (4400 m. P300 latencies and hsCRP levels were strongly correlated to cognitive performances. These results suggested that cognitive deterioration occurred during the acute period of exposure to high altitude and may recover probably owning to acclimatization after extended stay at high altitude. Plasma hsCRP is inversely correlated to neurological cognition and it may be a potential biomarker for the prediction of high altitude induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Functions and Design Scheme of Tibet High Altitude Test Base
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Yu Yongqing; Guo Jian; Yin Yu; Mao Yan; Li Guangfan; Fan Jianbin; Lu Jiayu; Su Zhiyi; Li Peng; Li Qingfeng; Liao Weiming; Zhou Jun
2010-01-01
@@ The functional orientation of the Tibet High Altitude Test Base, subordinated to the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC), is to serve power transmission projects in high altitude areas, especially to provide technical support for southwestern hydropower delivery projects by UHVDC transmission and Qinghai-Tibet grid interconnection project. This paper presents the matters concerned during siting and planning, functions,design scheme, the main performances and parameters of the test facilities, as well as the tests and research tasks already carried out.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001076 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP001076 ... Fibroblast 線維芽細胞 Diseased ND35666 ND35666 ... 筋萎縮性側索硬化症 G122 amyotrop...mutation. Same subject as ND20522 (LCL) ALS 由来 (ND29509線維芽細胞) SOD1 D91A変異 LCL (ND20522)有 human ES-like Resea
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000182 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000182 ... Diseased GM23226 GM23226 ... 1型糖尿病 E10 diabetes (mellitus), juvenil...roblast. Multifactorial Defect 遺伝性若年発症I型糖尿病患者線維芽細胞（GM02416)由来iPS細胞 多因子の異常 human ES-like -- Retrovirus Oct4,
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001077 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP001077 ... Fibroblast 線維芽細胞 Diseased ND35668 ND35668 ... 筋萎縮性側索硬化症 G122 amyotrop...1 E49K mutation ALS 由来 (ND39026 線維芽細胞) SOD1 E49K 変異 ... human ES-like Research Grade Retrovirus Oct4, Sox2, Klf
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000941 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000941 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP04.2 SP04.2 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...of genetic and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Sanchez-Danes A, Richaud-Patin Y, Carballo-Carbajal I, Jimenez-...0215 Disease-specific phenotypes in dopamine neurons from human iPS-based models
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000938 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000938 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP02.1 SP02.1 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...of genetic and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Sanchez-Danes A, Richaud-Patin Y, Carballo-Carbajal I, Jimenez-...0215 Disease-specific phenotypes in dopamine neurons from human iPS-based models
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000947 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000947 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP14.1 SP14.1 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Parkinson...of genetic and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Sanchez-Danes A, Richaud-Patin Y, Carballo-Carbajal I, Jimenez-...0215 Disease-specific phenotypes in dopamine neurons from human iPS-based models
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Effect of phosphate supplementation on oxygen delivery at high altitude
Jain, S. C.; Singh, M. V.; Rawal, S. B.; Sharma, V. M.; Divekar, H. M.; Tyagi, A. K.; Panwar, M. R.; Swamy, Y. V.
1987-09-01
In the present communication, effect of low doses of phosphate supplementation on short-term high altitude adaptation has been examined. Studies were carried out in 36 healthy, male, sea-level residents divided in a double blind fashion into drug and placebo treated groups. 3.2 mmol of phosphate were given orally to each subject of the drug treated group once a day for 4 days on arrival at an altitude of 3,500 m. Sequential studies were done in the subjects in both groups on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st day of their altitude stay. Haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocyte and reticulocyte counts increased to the similar extent in both groups. Blood pH, pO2 and adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) did not differ between the two groups. On 3rd day of the altitude stay, inorganic phosphate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) levels in the drug treated group increased significantly as compared to the placebo group. No significant difference in inorganic phosphate and 2,3 DPG was observed later on in the two groups. Psychological and clinical tests also indicated that the drug treated subjects felt better as compared to the placebo treated subjects. The present study suggests that low doses of phosphate increases circulating 2,3-DPG concentration which in turn brings about beneficial effect towards short term high altitude adaptation.
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Antisense-induced exon skipping for duplications in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
van Ommen Gert-Jan B
2007-07-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Antisense-mediated exon skipping is currently one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD. Using antisense oligonucleotides (AONs targeting specific exons the DMD reading frame is restored and partially functional dystrophins are produced. Following proof of concept in cultured muscle cells from patients with various deletions and point mutations, we now focus on single and multiple exon duplications. These mutations are in principle ideal targets for this approach since the specific skipping of duplicated exons would generate original, full-length transcripts. Methods Cultured muscle cells from DMD patients carrying duplications were transfected with AONs targeting the duplicated exons, and the dystrophin RNA and protein were analyzed. Results For two brothers with an exon 44 duplication, skipping was, even at suboptimal transfection conditions, so efficient that both exons 44 were skipped, thus generating, once more, an out-of-frame transcript. In such cases, one may resort to multi-exon skipping to restore the reading frame, as is shown here by inducing skipping of exon 43 and both exons 44. By contrast, in cells from a patient with an exon 45 duplication we were able to induce single exon 45 skipping, which allowed restoration of wild type dystrophin. The correction of a larger duplication (involving exons 52 to 62, by combinations of AONs targeting the outer exons, appeared problematic due to inefficient skipping and mistargeting of original instead of duplicated exons. Conclusion The correction of DMD duplications by exon skipping depends on the specific exons targeted. Its options vary from the ideal one, restoring for the first time the true, wild type dystrophin, to requiring more 'classical' skipping strategies, while the correction of multi-exon deletions may need the design of tailored approaches.
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26 CFR 26.2662-1 - Generation-skipping transfer tax return requirements.
2010-04-01
... at death, the executor of the decedent's estate is liable for the tax imposed on that direct skip by...) Direct skip. In the case of a direct skip, on or before the date on which an estate or gift tax return is... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Generation-skipping transfer tax return...
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Differentiation of pulmonary embolism from high altitude pulmonary edema
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Khan, D.A.; Hashim, R.; Mirza, T.M.; Matloob-ur-Rehman, M.
2003-01-01
Objective: To differentiate the high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) from pulmonary embolism (PE) by clinical probability model of PE, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST) and D-dimer assays at high altitude. Subjects and Methods: Consecutive 40 patients evacuated from height > 3000 meters with symptoms of PE or HAPE were included. Clinical pretest probabilities scores of PE, Minutex D-dimer assay (Biopool international) and cardiac enzymes estimation by IFCC approved methods, were used for diagnosis. Mann-Whitney U test was applied by using SPSS and level of significance was taken at (p 500 ng/ml. Plasma D-dimer of 500 ng/ml was considered as cut-off value; 6(66.7%) patients of PE could be diagnosed and 30 (96.7%) cases of HAPE excluded indicating very good negative predictive value. Serum LDH, AST and CK were raised above the reference ranges in 8 (89%), 7 (78%) and 3 (33%) patients of PE as compared to 11 (35%), 6 (19%) and 9 (29%) of HAPE respectively. Conclusion: Clinical assessment in combination with D-dimer assay, LDH and AST can be used for timely differentiation of PE from HAPE at high altitude where diagnostic imaging procedures are not available. (author)
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The relation between breakfast skipping and school performance in Adolescents
Boschloo, A.M.; Ouwehand, C.; Dekker, S.J.; Lee, N.C.; de Groot, R.H.M.; Krabbendam, A.C.; Jolles, J.
2012-01-01
Breakfast skipping is common in adolescents, but research on the effects of breakfast skipping on school performance is scarce. This current cross-sectional survey study of 605 adolescents aged 11-18 years investigated whether adolescents who habitually skip breakfast have lower end-of-term grades
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Measurements of radioactive dust in high altitude air
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kobayashi, Mika; Kohara, Eri; Muronoi, Naohiro; Masuda, Yousuke; Midou, Tomotaka; Ishida, Yukiko; Shimizu, Toshihiko; Saga, Minoru; Endo, Hiromu
2012-01-01
The radioactivity in samples of airborne dust was measured. The samples had been collected at high altitude by the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. The data were obtained for the gross beta activity, gamma nuclide determination and radiochemical analysis. It was shown that there was no appreciable difference between the activity levels obtained in this time and in the year before. Seasonal variations were not very pronounced. It was found that the radioactivity at high altitude had been stable at a low level. Radioactive gases (gaseous radioiodine and xenon gas) were not detected. This report does not include the result on radionuclide measurements that Technical Research and Development Institute executed for examining the nuclear emergency situation at Fukushima Daiichi and Daini nuclear power plants after Tohoku Region Pacific Ocean Earthquake on March 11, 2011. (author)
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Rare Particle Searches with the high altitude SLIM experiment
Balestra, S; Fabbri, F; Giacomelli, G; Giacomelli, R; Giorgini, M; Kumar, A; Manzoor, S; McDonald, J; Margiotta, A; Medinaceli, E; Nogales, J; Patrizii, L; Popa, V; Quereshi, I; Saavedra, O; Sher, G; Shahzad, M; Spurio, M; Ticona, R; Togo, V; Velarde, A; Zanini, A
2005-01-01
The search for rare particles in the cosmic radiation remains one of the main aims of non-accelerator particle astrophysics. Experiments at high altitude allow lower mass thresholds with respect to detectors at sea level or underground. The SLIM experiment is a large array of nuclear track detectors located at the Chacaltaya High Altitude Laboratory (5290 m a.s.l.). The preliminary results from the analysis of a part of the first 236 sq.m exposed for more than 3.6 y are here reported. The detector is sensitive to Intermediate Mass Magnetic Monopoles and to SQM nuggets and Q-balls, which are possible Dark Matter candidates.
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High Altitude Balloons as a Platform for Space Radiation Belt Science
Mazzino, L.; Buttenschoen, A.; Farr, Q.; Hodgson, C.; Johnson, W.; Mann, I. R.; Rae, J.; University of Alberta High Altitude Balloons (UA-HAB)
2011-12-01
The goals of the University of Alberta High Altitude Balloons Program (UA-HAB) are to i) use low cost balloons to address space radiation science, and ii) to utilise the excitement of "space mission" involvement to promote and facilitate the recruitment of undergraduate and graduate students in physics, engineering, and atmospheric sciences to pursue careers in space science and engineering. The University of Alberta High Altitude Balloons (UA-HAB) is a unique opportunity for University of Alberta students (undergraduate and graduate) to engage in the hands-on design, development, build, test and flight of a payload to operate on a high altitude balloon at around 30km altitude. The program development, including formal design and acceptance tests, reports and reviews, mirror those required in the development of an orbital satellite mission. This enables the students to gain a unique insight into how space missions are flown. UA-HAB is a one and half year program that offers a gateway into a high-altitude balloon mission through hands on experience, and builds skills for students who may be attracted to participate in future space missions in their careers. This early education will provide students with the experience necessary to better assess opportunities for pursuing a career in space science. Balloons offer a low-cost alternative to other suborbital platforms which can be used to address radiation belt science goals. In particular, the participants of this program have written grant proposal to secure funds for this project, have launched several 'weather balloon missions', and have designed, built, tested, and launched their particle detector called "Maple Leaf Particle Detector". This detector was focussed on monitoring cosmic rays and space radiation using shielded Geiger tubes, and was flown as one of the payloads from the institutions participating in the High Altitude Student Platform (HASP), organized by the Louisiana State University and the Louisiana
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Sequencing of 50 human exomes reveals adaptation to high altitude
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Yi, Xin; Liang, Yu; Huerta-Sanchez, Emilia
2010-01-01
Residents of the Tibetan Plateau show heritable adaptations to extreme altitude. We sequenced 50 exomes of ethnic Tibetans, encompassing coding sequences of 92% of human genes, with an average coverage of 18x per individual. Genes showing population-specific allele frequency changes, which repres...... in genetic adaptation to high altitude.......Residents of the Tibetan Plateau show heritable adaptations to extreme altitude. We sequenced 50 exomes of ethnic Tibetans, encompassing coding sequences of 92% of human genes, with an average coverage of 18x per individual. Genes showing population-specific allele frequency changes, which...... represent strong candidates for altitude adaptation, were identified. The strongest signal of natural selection came from endothelial Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain protein 1 (EPAS1), a transcription factor involved in response to hypoxia. One single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at EPAS1 shows a 78% frequency...
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Relative Match Intensities at High Altitude in Highly-Trained Young Soccer Players (ISA3600).
Buchheit, Martin; Hammond, Kristal; Bourdon, Pitre C; Simpson, Ben M; Garvican-Lewis, Laura A; Schmidt, Walter F; Gore, Christopher J; Aughey, Robert J
2015-03-01
To compare relative match intensities of sea-level versus high-altitude native soccer players during a 2-week camp at 3600 m, data from 7 sea-level (Australian U17 National team, AUS) and 6 high-altitude (a Bolivian U18 team, BOL) native soccer players were analysed. Two matches were played at sea-level and three at 3600 m on Days 1, 6 and 13. The Yo-Yo Intermittent recovery test (vYo-YoIR1) was performed at sea-level, and on Days 3 and 10. Match activity profiles were measured via 10-Hz GPS. Distance covered >14.4 km.h(-1) (D>14.4 km·h(-1)) and >80% of vYo-YoIR1 (D>80%vYo-YoIR1) were examined. Upon arrival at altitude, there was a greater decrement in vYo-YoIR1 (Cohen's d +1.0, 90%CL ± 0.8) and D>14.4 km·h(-1) (+0.5 ± 0.8) in AUS. D>14.4 km.h(-1) was similarly reduced relative to vYo-YoIR1 in both groups, so that D>80%vYo-YoIR1 remained similarly unchanged (-0.1 ± 0.8). Throughout the altitude sojourn, vYo-YoIR1 and D>14.4 km·h(-1) increased in parallel in AUS, so that D>80%vYo-YoIR1 remained stable in AUS (+6.0%/match, 90%CL ± 6.7); conversely D>80%vYo-YoIR1 decreased largely in BOL (-12.2%/match ± 6.2). In sea-level natives competing at high-altitude, changes in match running performance likely follow those in high-intensity running performance. Bolivian data confirm that increases in 'fitness' do not necessarily translate into greater match running performance, but rather in reduced relative exercise intensity. Key pointsWhen playing at high-altitude, players may alter their activities during matches in relation to their transient maximal physical capacities, possibly to maintain a 'tolerable' relative exercise intensity.While there is no doubt that running performance per se in not the main determinant of match outcomes (Carling, 2013), fitness levels influence relative match intensity (Buchheit et al., 2012, Mendez-Villanueva et al., 2013), which in-turn may impact on decision making and skill performance (Rampinini et al., 2008).In the context of
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Caroline Buss
2006-02-01
Full Text Available Quando o atleta ascende a uma grande altitude, ele é exposto a uma pressão barométrica reduzida, e os efeitos fisiológicos que acompanham estas mudanças da pressão atmosférica podem ter grande influência sobre o seu organismo e seu desempenho físico. Acredita-se que a hipóxia seja responsável pelo início de uma cascata de eventos sinalizadores que, ao final, levam à adaptação à altitude. A exposição aguda à hipóxia provoca sonolência, fadiga mental e muscular e prostração. Cefaléia, náusea e anorexia são sintomas provocados pela Doença Aguda das Montanhas, que pode ocorrer nos primeiros dias de permanência na altitude. Uma estratégia nutricional adequada é fundamental para que o organismo não sofra nenhum estresse adicional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar os principais efeitos da altitude sobre o organismo e sobre o desempenho físico, discutir e/ou sugerir recomendações nutricionais para esta situação e, se possível, apresentar uma orientação nutricional prática para o atleta na altitude. Algumas das principais conclusões encontradas foram: o consumo energético deve ser aumentado; é fundamental monitorar a quantidade de líquidos ingeridos e escolher alimentos agradáveis ao paladar, ricos em energia e nutrientes. Recomenda-se trabalhar com um nutricionista do esporte com antecedência, para que um plano alimentar individual seja elaborado e colocado em prática antes mesmo da viagem à altitude.When athletes are subject to high altitudes, they are exposed to a lower barometric pressure and the physiological effects that accompany these atmospheric pressure changes can have a strong influence on their bodies and performance. Hypoxia is thought to be responsible for triggering a cascade of signaling events that eventually leads to altitude acclimatization. Acute exposure to hypoxia causes sleepiness, mental and muscle fatigue and prostration. Headache, nausea and anorexia are some of the
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
G K Singh
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Approximately, 140 million people worldwide live permanently at high altitudes (HAs and approximately another 40 million people travel to HA area (HAA every year for reasons of occupation, sports or recreation. In India, whole of Ladakh region, part of Northwest Kashmir, Northern part of Sikkim and Tenga valley of Arunachal are considered inhabited areas of HAA. The low quantity of oxygen, high exposure of ultraviolet (UV light, very low humidity, extreme subzero temperature in winter, high wind velocity, make this region difficult for lowlanders as well as for tourists. Acute mountain sickness, HA pulmonary edema, HA cerebral edema, and thromboembolic conditions are known to occur in HA. However, enough knowledge has not been shared on dermatoses peculiar to this region. Xerosis, UV-related skin disorders (tanning, photomelanosis, acute and chronic sunburn, polymorphic light eruption, chronic actinic dermatitis, actinic cheilitis, etc., cold injuries (frostbite, chilblains, acrocyanosis, erythrocyanosis, etc. nail changes (koilonychias, airborne contact dermatitis, insect bite reaction, and skin carcinoma (basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and also rarely malignant melanoma are the dermatoses seen in HAAs. Early diagnosis and knowledge of HA dermatoses may prevent serious consequences of disease and improve the quality of life for the visitors as well as for native of the place.
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Maximal exercise and muscle oxygen extraction in acclimatizing lowlanders and high altitude natives
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lundby, Carsten; Sander, Mikael; van Hall, Gerrit
2006-01-01
, and is the focus of the present study. We have studied six lowlanders during maximal exercise at sea level (SL) and with acute (AH) exposure to 4,100 m altitude, and again after 2 (W2) and 8 weeks (W8) of altitude sojourn, where also eight high altitude native (Nat) Aymaras were studied. Fractional arterial muscle...... O(2) extraction at maximal exercise was 90.0+/-1.0% in the Danish lowlanders at sea level, and remained close to this value in all situations. In contrast to this, fractional arterial O(2) extraction was 83.2+/-2.8% in the high altitude natives, and did not change with the induction of normoxia....... The capillary oxygen conductance of the lower extremity, a measure of oxygen diffusing capacity, was decreased in the Danish lowlanders after 8 weeks of acclimatization, but was still higher than the value obtained from the high altitude natives. The values were (in ml min(-1) mmHg(-1)) 55.2+/-3.7 (SL), 48...
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Wilderness medicine at high altitude: recent developments in the field
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Shah NM
2015-09-01
Full Text Available Neeraj M Shah,1 Sidra Hussain,2 Mark Cooke,3 John P O’Hara,3 Adrian Mellor3,4 1Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King’s College London, UK; 2School of Medicine, University College London, London, UK; 3Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK; 4Academic Department of Military Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK Abstract: Travel to high altitude is increasingly popular. With this comes an increased incidence of high-altitude illness and therefore an increased need to improve our strategies to prevent and accurately diagnose these. In this review, we provide a summary of recent advances of relevance to practitioners who may be advising travelers to altitude. Although the Lake Louise Score is now widely used as a diagnostic tool for acute mountain sickness (AMS, increasing evidence questions the validity of doing so, and of considering AMS as a single condition. Biomarkers, such as brain natriuretic peptide, are likely correlating with pulmonary artery systolic pressure, thus potential markers of the development of altitude illness. Established drug treatments include acetazolamide, nifedipine, and dexamethasone. Drugs with a potential to reduce the risk of developing AMS include nitrate supplements, propagators of nitric oxide, and supplemental iron. The role of exercise in the development of altitude illness remains hotly debated, and it appears that the intensity of exercise is more important than the exercise itself. Finally, despite copious studies demonstrating the value of preacclimatization in reducing the risk of altitude illness and improving performance, an optimal protocol to preacclimatize an individual remains elusive. Keywords: hypoxia, acute mountain sickness, acclimatization, biomarkers, preacclimatization
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Riley, Callum James; Gavin, Matthew
2017-06-01
Riley, Callum James, and Matthew Gavin. Physiological changes to the cardiovascular system at high altitude and its effects on cardiovascular disease. High Alt Med Biol. 18:102-113, 2017.-The physiological changes to the cardiovascular system in response to the high altitude environment are well understood. More recently, we have begun to understand how these changes may affect and cause detriment to cardiovascular disease. In addition to this, the increasing availability of altitude simulation has dramatically improved our understanding of the physiology of high altitude. This has allowed further study on the effect of altitude in those with cardiovascular disease in a safe and controlled environment as well as in healthy individuals. Using a thorough PubMed search, this review aims to integrate recent advances in cardiovascular physiology at altitude with previous understanding, as well as its potential implications on cardiovascular disease. Altogether, it was found that the changes at altitude to cardiovascular physiology are profound enough to have a noteworthy effect on many forms of cardiovascular disease. While often asymptomatic, there is some risk in high altitude exposure for individuals with certain cardiovascular diseases. Although controlled research in patients with cardiovascular disease was largely lacking, meaning firm conclusions cannot be drawn, these risks should be a consideration to both the individual and their physician.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001078 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP001078 ... Fibroblast 線維芽細胞 Diseased ND35669 ND35669 NDS00076 NDS00076 筋萎縮性側索硬...(SNP, no amino acid change) ... ALS 患者由来 (線維芽細胞) FIG4 27C>T (SNP アミノ酸置換なし） ... human ES-like Research Grade Retrov
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000920 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000920 ... fibroblast 線維芽細胞 Diseased SLE#100H SLE#100H ... 全身性紅斑性狼瘡 M32.9 System...ic lupus erythematosus 152700 ... -- -- ... No No iPS cell line iPS cell line human ES-like Research Grad...Medicine, Mayo Clinic ... 22142803 10.1186/scrt89 Successful disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cell
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000282 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000282 ... Diseased HPS0272 HPS0272 ... アトピー性皮膚炎 L209 Atopic dermatitis 603165...atitis. HPS0270 and HPS0271 are derived from the same patient. 疾患特異的iPS細胞株。アトピー性皮膚炎患者由来。HPS0270、HPS0271と同一人由
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000734 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000734 ... Diseased GM24675 GM24675 APPDp2 APPDp2 アルツハイマー病 G309 ALZHEIMER DI... hiPSC derived from fibroblast 家族性アルツハイマー病患者（APP遺伝子重複)維芽細胞由来iPS細胞 human ES-like Research Grade Retrovirus OC
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000279 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000279 ... Diseased HPS0192 HPS0192 ... 杉花粉症 J301 Allergic rhinitis (Pollen allergy) 607154 食物アレルギー...cell line derived from a patient: Allergic rhinitis (Pollen allergy). ... 疾患特異的iPS細胞株。杉花粉症 (カニアレルギーも)患者由来。 huma
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Skip segment Hirschsprung disease and Waardenburg syndrome
Gross, Erica R.; Geddes, Gabrielle C.; McCarrier, Julie A.; Jarzembowski, Jason A.; Arca, Marjorie J.
2015-01-01
Skip segment Hirschsprung disease describes a segment of ganglionated bowel between two segments of aganglionated bowel. It is a rare phenomenon that is difficult to diagnose. We describe a recent case of skip segment Hirschsprung disease in a neonate with a family history of Waardenburg syndrome and the genetic profile that was identified.
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High altitude environmental monitoring: the SHARE project and CEOP-HE
Tartari, G.
2009-04-01
Mountain areas above 2,500 m a.s.l. constitute about 25% of the Earth's surface and play a fundamental role in the global water balance, while influencing global climate and atmospheric circulation systems. Several millions, including lowlanders, are directly affected by the impacts of climate change on glaciers and water resource distribution. Mountains and high altitude plateaus are subject to the highest rate of temperature increase (e.g., Tibetan Plateau) and are recognized as particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. In spite of this, the number of permanent monitoring sites in the major environmental networks decreases with altitude. On a sample of two hundred high altitude automatic weather stations located above 2,500 m a.s.l., less than 20% are over 4,000 m, while there are only 24 stations in the world that could be considered "complete" high altitude observatories. Furthermore, entire mountain areas are left uncovered, creating significant data gaps which make reliable modelling and forecasting nearly impossible. In response to these problems, Ev-K2-CNR has developed the project SHARE (Stations at High Altitude for Research on the Environment) with the support of the Italian government and in collaboration with UNEP. This integrated environmental monitoring and research project aims to improve knowledge on the local, regional and global consequences of climate change in mountain regions and on the influence of high elevations on climate, atmospheric circulation and hydrology. SHARE today boasts a network of 13 permanent monitoring stations between 2,165 m and 8,000 m. Affiliated researchers have produced over 150 scientific publications in atmospheric sciences, meteorology and climate, glaciology, limnology and paleolimnology and geophysics. SHARE network data is also contributed to international programs (UNEP-ABC, WMO-GAW, WCRP-GEWEX-CEOP, NASA-AERONET, ILTER, EU-EUSAAR, EU-ACCENT). Within this context, the CEOP-High Elevations (CEOP
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Turbojet Performance and Operation at High Altitudes with Hydrogen and Jp-4 Fuels
Fleming, W A; Kaufman, H R; Harp, J L , Jr; Chelko, L J
1956-01-01
Two current turbojet engines were operated with gaseous-hydrogen and JP-4 fuels at very high altitudes and a simulated Mach number of 0.8. With gaseous hydrogen as the fuel stable operation was obtained at altitudes up to the facility limit of about 90,000 feet and the specific fuel consumption was only 40 percent of that with JP-4 fuel. With JP-4 as the fuel combustion was unstable at altitudes above 60,000 to 65,000 feet and blowout limits were reached at 75,000 to 80,000 feet. Over-all performance, component efficiencies, and operating range were reduced considerable at very high altitudes with both fuels.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Xiaolong Tang
Full Text Available Metabolic response to high altitude remains poorly explored in reptiles. In the present study, the metabolic characteristics of Phrynocephaluserythrurus (Lacertilia: Agamidae, which inhabits high altitudes (4500 m and Phrynocephalusprzewalskii (Lacertilia: Agamidae, which inhabits low altitudes, were analysed to explore the metabolic regulatory strategies for lizards living at high-altitude environments. The results indicated that the mitochondrial respiratory rates of P. erythrurus were significantly lower than those of P. przewalskii, and that proton leak accounts for 74~79% of state 4 and 7~8% of state3 in P. erythrurus vs. 43~48% of state 4 and 24~26% of state3 in P. przewalskii. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH activity in P. erythrurus was lower than in P. przewalskii, indicating that at high altitude the former does not, relatively, have a greater reliance on anaerobic metabolism. A higher activity related to β-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HOAD and the HOAD/citrate synthase (CS ratio suggested there was a possible higher utilization of fat in P. erythrurus. The lower expression of PGC-1α and PPAR-γ in P. erythrurus suggested their expression was not influenced by cold and low PO2 at high altitude. These distinct characteristics of P. erythrurus are considered to be necessary strategies in metabolic regulation for living at high altitude and may effectively compensate for the negative influence of cold and low PO2.
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The GRAD high-altitude balloon flight over Antarctica
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Eichhorn, G.; Coldwell, R.L.; Dunnam, F.E.; Rester, A.C.; Trombka, J.I.; Starr, R.; Lasche, G.P.
1989-01-01
The Gamma Ray Advanced Detector(GRAD) consists of a n-type germanium detector inside an active bismuth-germanate Compton and charged particle shield with additional active plastic shielding across the aperture. It will be flown on a high altitude balloon at 36 km altitude at a latitude of 78 degree S over Antarctica for observations of gamma radiation emitted by the radioactive decay of 56 Co in the Supernova SN1987A, for assessment of the performance of bismuth-germanate scintillation material in the radiation environment of near space, for gathering information on the gamma-ray background over Antarctica, and for testing fault-tolerant software
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Coca: High Altitude Remedy of the Ancient Incas.
Biondich, Amy Sue; Joslin, Jeremy D
2015-12-01
The use of coca leaf for medicinal purposes is a centuries-old tradition of the native peoples of South America. Coca products are thought by many laypersons to provide risk-free benefits to users participating in strenuous activities at high altitude. Physiologic studies of coca have increased understanding of its possible mechanism of action as well as its potential impact on high altitude activities. This present work explores the role of coca throughout the history of the Andean peoples and explores whether this ancient remedy has a place in modern medicine. A focused summary of research articles with particular relevance to the field of wilderness medicine is also included to better provide the reader with lessons not only from history but also from another culture. Copyright © 2015 Wilderness Medical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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The Relation between Breakfast Skipping and School Performance in Adolescents
Boschloo, Annemarie; Ouwehand, Carolijn; Dekker, Sanne; Lee, Nikki; de Groot, Renate; Krabbendam, Lydia; Jolles, Jelle
2012-01-01
Breakfast skipping is common in adolescents, but research on the effects of breakfast skipping on school performance is scarce. This current cross-sectional survey study of 605 adolescents aged 11-18 years investigated whether adolescents who habitually skip breakfast have lower end-of-term grades than adolescents who eat breakfast daily.…
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Pace, N.
1973-01-01
The organization and functions of a test facility for conducting research projects at high altitudes are discussed. The projects conducted at the facility include the following: (1) bird physiology, (2) cardiorespiratory physiology, (3) endocrinological studies, (4) neurological studies, (5) metabolic studies, and (6) geological studies.
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SparseLeap: Efficient Empty Space Skipping for Large-Scale Volume Rendering
Hadwiger, Markus; Al-Awami, Ali K.; Beyer, Johanna; Agus, Marco; Pfister, Hanspeter
2017-01-01
Recent advances in data acquisition produce volume data of very high resolution and large size, such as terabyte-sized microscopy volumes. These data often contain many fine and intricate structures, which pose huge challenges for volume rendering, and make it particularly important to efficiently skip empty space. This paper addresses two major challenges: (1) The complexity of large volumes containing fine structures often leads to highly fragmented space subdivisions that make empty regions hard to skip efficiently. (2) The classification of space into empty and non-empty regions changes frequently, because the user or the evaluation of an interactive query activate a different set of objects, which makes it unfeasible to pre-compute a well-adapted space subdivision. We describe the novel SparseLeap method for efficient empty space skipping in very large volumes, even around fine structures. The main performance characteristic of SparseLeap is that it moves the major cost of empty space skipping out of the ray-casting stage. We achieve this via a hybrid strategy that balances the computational load between determining empty ray segments in a rasterization (object-order) stage, and sampling non-empty volume data in the ray-casting (image-order) stage. Before ray-casting, we exploit the fast hardware rasterization of GPUs to create a ray segment list for each pixel, which identifies non-empty regions along the ray. The ray-casting stage then leaps over empty space without hierarchy traversal. Ray segment lists are created by rasterizing a set of fine-grained, view-independent bounding boxes. Frame coherence is exploited by re-using the same bounding boxes unless the set of active objects changes. We show that SparseLeap scales better to large, sparse data than standard octree empty space skipping.
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SparseLeap: Efficient Empty Space Skipping for Large-Scale Volume Rendering
Hadwiger, Markus
2017-08-28
Recent advances in data acquisition produce volume data of very high resolution and large size, such as terabyte-sized microscopy volumes. These data often contain many fine and intricate structures, which pose huge challenges for volume rendering, and make it particularly important to efficiently skip empty space. This paper addresses two major challenges: (1) The complexity of large volumes containing fine structures often leads to highly fragmented space subdivisions that make empty regions hard to skip efficiently. (2) The classification of space into empty and non-empty regions changes frequently, because the user or the evaluation of an interactive query activate a different set of objects, which makes it unfeasible to pre-compute a well-adapted space subdivision. We describe the novel SparseLeap method for efficient empty space skipping in very large volumes, even around fine structures. The main performance characteristic of SparseLeap is that it moves the major cost of empty space skipping out of the ray-casting stage. We achieve this via a hybrid strategy that balances the computational load between determining empty ray segments in a rasterization (object-order) stage, and sampling non-empty volume data in the ray-casting (image-order) stage. Before ray-casting, we exploit the fast hardware rasterization of GPUs to create a ray segment list for each pixel, which identifies non-empty regions along the ray. The ray-casting stage then leaps over empty space without hierarchy traversal. Ray segment lists are created by rasterizing a set of fine-grained, view-independent bounding boxes. Frame coherence is exploited by re-using the same bounding boxes unless the set of active objects changes. We show that SparseLeap scales better to large, sparse data than standard octree empty space skipping.
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Skip segment Hirschsprung disease and Waardenburg syndrome
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Erica R. Gross
2015-04-01
Full Text Available Skip segment Hirschsprung disease describes a segment of ganglionated bowel between two segments of aganglionated bowel. It is a rare phenomenon that is difficult to diagnose. We describe a recent case of skip segment Hirschsprung disease in a neonate with a family history of Waardenburg syndrome and the genetic profile that was identified.
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High Altitude Warfare: The Kargil Conflict and the Future
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
Acosta, Marcus
2003-01-01
The unique combination of thin air, freezing temperatures, and mountainous terrain that forms the high altitude environment has resisted advances in military technology for centuries, The emergence...
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000261 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available Sample_Detail.aspx?Ref=GM23762&PgId=166 ... 21490598 10.1038/nature09915 Modelling schizophrenia using human... SKIP000261 ... Diseased GM23762 GM23762 ... 統合失調症 F20 Schizophrenia 181500 ... ...cally affected with Shizophrenia(SCZD) . 統合失調症患者線維芽細胞(GM02497)由来iPS細胞株。 | human ES-like -- Retrovirus Oct4,
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000176 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available male Black Black -- No Apparently healthy iPSCs from APPARENTLY HEALTHY FETAL lung fibroblast cell culture (GM06112) 健常胎児肺線維芽細胞... SKIP000176 ... Lung Fibroblast 肺線維芽細胞 Normal GM23413 GM23413 ... 0-9 Fe...(GM06112)由来iPS細胞株 human ES-like -- Retrovirus Oct4, Sox2, Klf, c-Myc, retroviral vectors
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000837 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available ... 50-59 Male ... Yes No TPB11(DNAVEC) is iPSC line reprogrammed from a Parkinson disease patient's T-cells, wh... SKIP000837 ... Diseased TPB11 (DNAVEC) TPB11 (DNAVEC) ... 家族性パーキンソン病 ... G20 ... ...ich deleated exon 6 and 7 in parkin gene.DNAVEC: SeV vectors, which were produced by DNAVEC Corp.(Cytotune). パーキンソン
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000838 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available ... 50-59 Male ... Yes No TPB27(DNAVEC) is iPSC line reprogrammed from a Parkinson disease patient's T-cells, wh... SKIP000838 ... Diseased TPB27 (DNAVEC) TPB27 (DNAVEC) ... 家族性パーキンソン病 ... G20 ... ...ich deleated exon 6 and 7 in parkin gene.DNAVEC: SeV vectors, which were produced by DNAVEC Corp.(Cytotune). パーキンソン
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000836 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available 50-59 Male ... Yes No TPB8(DNAVEC) is iPSC line reprogrammed from a Parkinson disease patient's T-cells, which... SKIP000836 ... Diseased TPB8 (DNAVEC) TPB8 (DNAVEC) ... 家族性パーキンソン病 ... G20 ... ... deleated exon 6 and 7 in parkin gene.DNAVEC: SeV vectors, which were produced by DNAVEC Corp.(Cytotune). パーキンソン
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000835 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available 50-59 Male ... Yes No TPB4(DNAVEC) is iPSC line reprogrammed from a Parkinson disease patient's T-cells, which... SKIP000835 ... Diseased TPB4 (DNAVEC) TPB4 (DNAVEC) ... 家族性パーキンソン病 ... G20 ... ... deleated exon 6 and 7 in parkin gene.DNAVEC: SeV vectors, which were produced by DNAVEC Corp.(Cytotune). パーキンソン
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Lens autofluorescence is not increased at high altitude
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kessel, Line; Kofoed, Peter Kristian; Zubieta-Calleja, Gustavo
2010-01-01
in Denmark. RESULTS: No significant differences in lens fluorescence or transmittance were found between Bolivian and Danish volunteers. CONCLUSION: Age-corrected lens fluorescence and transmittance were comparable for healthy participants living at high altitude near the equator and healthy volunteers...
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Sampasa-Kanyinga, Hugues; Willmore, Jacqueline
2015-06-01
The purpose of this study was to further explore the association between bullying victimization and breakfast skipping in children and adolescents. Compared to the previous study, we have used a larger and representative sample of middle and high school students, examined the effect of gender, different forms (physical, verbal, theft/vandalism and cyber) and severity of bullying on breakfast eating behaviour. Data from students (2286 boys and 2859 girls) aged 11 to 19 years (mean ± SD age: 14.6 ± 1.9 years) from the 2013 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS) were analysed using self-reports of being bullied, diet, psychological distress, demographics, socio-economic status, weight status, and substance use. Results revealed greater odds of breakfast skipping in girl victims of physical, verbal, and cyber bullying, and in boy victims of verbal and cyber bullying. There was a dose-response relationship between experience of both school and cyber bullying victimization and breakfast skipping behaviour for both genders. Mediation analysis indicated that psychological distress fully mediated the relationship between both verbal and physical bullying victimization and breakfast skipping in girls, and partially mediated the relationship between verbal bullying victimization and breakfast skipping in boys. Psychological distress also partially mediated the link between cyber bullying victimization and breakfast skipping in both boys and girls. These results corroborate previous findings on the association between bullying victimization and breakfast skipping in children and adolescents. The strong and consistent associations with different forms of bullying victimization, the dose-response relationship, and the mediating role of psychological distress suggest a causal relationship. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Solar Cell Short Circuit Current Errors and Uncertainties During High Altitude Calibrations
Snyder, David D.
2012-01-01
High altitude balloon based facilities can make solar cell calibration measurements above 99.5% of the atmosphere to use for adjusting laboratory solar simulators. While close to on-orbit illumination, the small attenuation to the spectra may result in under measurements of solar cell parameters. Variations of stratospheric weather, may produce flight-to-flight measurement variations. To support the NSCAP effort, this work quantifies some of the effects on solar cell short circuit current (Isc) measurements on triple junction sub-cells. This work looks at several types of high altitude methods, direct high altitude meas urements near 120 kft, and lower stratospheric Langley plots from aircraft. It also looks at Langley extrapolation from altitudes above most of the ozone, for potential small balloon payloads. A convolution of the sub-cell spectral response with the standard solar spectrum modified by several absorption processes is used to determine the relative change from AMO, lscllsc(AMO). Rayleigh scattering, molecular scatterin g from uniformly mixed gases, Ozone, and water vapor, are included in this analysis. A range of atmosph eric pressures are examined, from 0. 05 to 0.25 Atm to cover the range of atmospheric altitudes where solar cell calibrations a reperformed. Generally these errors and uncertainties are less than 0.2%
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Power inverter implementing phase skipping control
Somani, Utsav; Amirahmadi, Ahmadreza; Jourdan, Charles; Batarseh, Issa
2016-10-18
A power inverter includes a DC/AC inverter having first, second and third phase circuitry coupled to receive power from a power source. A controller is coupled to a driver for each of the first, second and third phase circuitry (control input drivers). The controller includes an associated memory storing a phase skipping control algorithm, wherein the controller is coupled to receive updating information including a power level generated by the power source. The drivers are coupled to control inputs of the first, second and third phase circuitry, where the drivers are configured for receiving phase skipping control signals from the controller and outputting mode selection signals configured to dynamically select an operating mode for the DC/AC inverter from a Normal Control operation and a Phase Skipping Control operation which have different power injection patterns through the first, second and third phase circuitry depending upon the power level.
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Güvenç, Tolga Sinan; Erer, Hatice Betül; Kul, Seref; Perinçek, Gökhan; Ilhan, Sami; Sayar, Nurten; Yıldırım, Binnaz Zeynep; Doğan, Coşkun; Karabağ, Yavuz; Balcı, Bahattin; Eren, Mehmet
2013-01-01
Pulmonary vasculature is affected in patients with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD). As a result of increased pulmonary resistance, right ventricular morphology and function are altered in COPD patients. High altitude and related hypoxia causes pulmonary vasoconstriction, thereby affecting the right ventricle. We aimed to investigate the combined effects of COPD and altitude-related chronic hypoxia on right ventricular morphology and function. Forty COPD patients living at high altitude (1768 m) and 41 COPD patients living at sea level were enrolled in the study. All participants were diagnosed as COPD by a pulmonary diseases specialist depending on symptoms, radiologic findings and pulmonary function test results. Detailed two-dimensional echocardiography was performed by a cardiologist at both study locations. Oxygen saturation and mean pulmonary artery pressure were higher in the high altitude group. Right ventricular end diastolic diameter, end systolic diameter, height and end systolic area were significantly higher in the high altitude group compared to the sea level group. Parameters of systolic function, including tricuspid annular systolic excursion, systolic velocity of tricuspid annulus and right ventricular isovolumic acceleration were similar between groups, while fractional area change was significantly higher in the sea level groups compared to the high altitude group. Indices of diastolic function and myocardial performance index were similar between groups. An increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular dimensions are observed in COPD patients living at high altitude. Despite this increase, systolic and diastolic functions of the right ventricle, as well as global right ventricular performance are similar in COPD patients living at high altitude and sea level. Altitude-related adaptation to chronic hypoxia could explain these findings. Copyright © 2012 Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic
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The evolution of Titan's high-altitude aerosols under ultraviolet irradiation
Carrasco, Nathalie; Tigrine, Sarah; Gavilan, Lisseth; Nahon, Laurent; Gudipati, Murthy S.
2018-04-01
The Cassini-Huygens space mission revealed that Titan's thick brownish haze is initiated high in the atmosphere at an altitude of about 1,000 km, before a slow transportation down to the surface. Close to the surface, at altitudes below 130 km, the Huygens probe provided information on the chemical composition of the haze. So far, we have not had insights into the possible photochemical evolution of the aerosols making up the haze during their descent. Here, we address this atmospheric aerosol aging process, simulating in the laboratory how solar vacuum ultraviolet irradiation affects the aerosol optical properties as probed by infrared spectroscopy. An important evolution was found that could explain the apparent contradiction between the nitrogen-poor infrared spectroscopic signature observed by Cassini below 600 km of altitude in Titan's atmosphere and a high nitrogen content as measured by the aerosol collector and pyrolyser of the Huygens probe at the surface of Titan.
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High altitude and hemoglobin function in the vultures Gyps rueppelli and Aegypius monachus
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Weber, Roy E.; Hiebl, Inge; Braunitzer, Gerhard
1988-01-01
Functional characteristics of the stripped composite hemoglobins (Hbs) of lhevultures Gyps rueppellii and Aegypills monachus that can fly at extremely high altitudes, and of component Hbs of G. rueppellii are reported, in relation to influences of pH, temperalure and inositol hexaphosphate. G...... structures of the constituent polypeptide chains to trace molecular adaptations to high-altitude respiration, and to physiological factors (pulmonary hypoxia and hypocapnia, body temperature shifts, and lung and nasal gas and heat exchange) to discern their possible survival value at altitudes of 11300 m....
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Nutritional Strategies for the Preservation of Fat Free Mass at High Altitude
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Stacie L. Wing-Gaia
2014-02-01
Full Text Available Exposure to extreme altitude presents many physiological challenges. In addition to impaired physical and cognitive function, energy imbalance invariably occurs resulting in weight loss and body composition changes. Weight loss, and in particular, loss of fat free mass, combined with the inherent risks associated with extreme environments presents potential performance, safety, and health risks for those working, recreating, or conducting military operations at extreme altitude. In this review, contributors to muscle wasting at altitude are highlighted with special emphasis on protein turnover. The article will conclude with nutritional strategies that may potentially attenuate loss of fat free mass during high altitude exposure.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001115 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP001115 ... Diseased D2-1 D2-1 ... 統合失調症 F209 schizophrenia ... 605210 ... 39 ...30-39 Female ... Yes No iPS cells derived from fibroblasts of a patient in which a frameshift mutation of disrupted in schizophrenia... 1 ( DISC1 ) 統合失調症患者由来iPS細胞 human ES-like Research Grade Plasmid OCT4,SOX2,KLF4,c-MYC,
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001116 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP001116 ... Diseased D2-2 D2-2 ... 統合失調症 F209 schizophrenia ... 605210 ... 39 ...30-39 Female ... Yes No iPS cells derived from fibroblasts of a patient in which a frameshift mutation of disrupted in schizophrenia... 1 ( DISC1 ) 統合失調症患者由来iPS細胞 human ES-like Research Grade Plasmid OCT4,SOX2,KLF4,c-MYC,
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000260 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available x?Ref=GM23761&PgId=166 ... 21490598 10.1038/nature09915 Modelling schizophrenia using human induced pluripot... SKIP000260 ... Diseased GM23761 GM23761 ... 統合失調症 F20 Schizophrenia 181500 ... ...h Shizophrenia(SCZD) . | 統合失調症患者線維芽細胞(GM01835)由来iPS細胞株| human ES-like -- Lentivirus Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc,
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Salama, Samir A., E-mail: salama.3@buckeyemail.osu.edu [High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, Taif 21974 (Saudi Arabia); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751 (Egypt); Department of Pharmacology and GTMR Unit, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, Taif 21974 (Saudi Arabia); Omar, Hany A. [Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514 (Egypt); Maghrabi, Ibrahim A. [Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, Taif 21974 (Saudi Arabia); AlSaeed, Mohammed S. [Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, Taif 21974 (Saudi Arabia); EL-Tarras, Adel E. [High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, Taif 21974 (Saudi Arabia)
2014-01-01
Exposure to high altitudes is associated with hypoxia and increased vulnerability to oxidative stress. Polycythemia (increased number of circulating erythrocytes) develops to compensate the high altitude associated hypoxia. Iron supplementation is, thus, recommended to meet the demand for the physiological polycythemia. Iron is a major player in redox reactions and may exacerbate the high altitudes-associated oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to explore the potential iron-induced oxidative lung tissue injury in rats at high altitudes (6000 ft above the sea level). Iron supplementation (2 mg elemental iron/kg, once daily for 15 days) induced histopathological changes to lung tissues that include severe congestion, dilatation of the blood vessels, emphysema in the air alveoli, and peribronchial inflammatory cell infiltration. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), lipid peroxidation product and protein carbonyl content in lung tissues were significantly elevated. Moreover, the levels of reduced glutathione and total antioxidant capacity were significantly reduced. Co-administration of trolox, a water soluble vitamin E analog (25 mg/kg, once daily for the last 7 days of iron supplementation), alleviated the lung histological impairments, significantly decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines, and restored the oxidative stress markers. Together, our findings indicate that iron supplementation at high altitudes induces lung tissue injury in rats. This injury could be mediated through excessive production of reactive oxygen species and induction of inflammatory responses. The study highlights the tissue injury induced by iron supplementation at high altitudes and suggests the co-administration of antioxidants such as trolox as protective measures. - Highlights: • Iron supplementation at high altitudes induced lung histological changes in rats. • Iron induced oxidative stress in lung tissues of rats at high altitudes. • Iron
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Salama, Samir A.; Omar, Hany A.; Maghrabi, Ibrahim A.; AlSaeed, Mohammed S.; EL-Tarras, Adel E.
2014-01-01
Exposure to high altitudes is associated with hypoxia and increased vulnerability to oxidative stress. Polycythemia (increased number of circulating erythrocytes) develops to compensate the high altitude associated hypoxia. Iron supplementation is, thus, recommended to meet the demand for the physiological polycythemia. Iron is a major player in redox reactions and may exacerbate the high altitudes-associated oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to explore the potential iron-induced oxidative lung tissue injury in rats at high altitudes (6000 ft above the sea level). Iron supplementation (2 mg elemental iron/kg, once daily for 15 days) induced histopathological changes to lung tissues that include severe congestion, dilatation of the blood vessels, emphysema in the air alveoli, and peribronchial inflammatory cell infiltration. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), lipid peroxidation product and protein carbonyl content in lung tissues were significantly elevated. Moreover, the levels of reduced glutathione and total antioxidant capacity were significantly reduced. Co-administration of trolox, a water soluble vitamin E analog (25 mg/kg, once daily for the last 7 days of iron supplementation), alleviated the lung histological impairments, significantly decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines, and restored the oxidative stress markers. Together, our findings indicate that iron supplementation at high altitudes induces lung tissue injury in rats. This injury could be mediated through excessive production of reactive oxygen species and induction of inflammatory responses. The study highlights the tissue injury induced by iron supplementation at high altitudes and suggests the co-administration of antioxidants such as trolox as protective measures. - Highlights: • Iron supplementation at high altitudes induced lung histological changes in rats. • Iron induced oxidative stress in lung tissues of rats at high altitudes. • Iron
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Effects of erythrocyte infusion on VO2max at high altitude
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Young, Jette Feveile; Sawka, M N; Muza, S R
1996-01-01
This study investigated whether autologous erythrocyte infusion would ameliorate the decrement in maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) experienced by lowlanders when they ascend to high altitude. VO2max was measured in 16 men (treadmill running) at sea level (SL) and on the 1st (HA1) and 9th (HA9) days...... of high-altitude (4,300 m) residence. After VO2max was measured at SL, subjects were divided into two matched groups (n = 8). Twenty-four hours before ascent to high altitude, the experimental group received a 700-ml infusion of autologous erythrocytes and saline (42% hematocrit), whereas the control...... group received only saline. The VO2max of erythrocyte-infused [54 +/- 1 (SE) ml.kg-1.min-1] and control subjects (52 +/- 2 ml.kg-1.min-1) did not differ at SL before infusion. The decrement in VO2max on HA1 did not differ between groups, averaging 26% overall, despite higher (P
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Natural Selection on Genes Related to Cardiovascular Health in High-Altitude Adapted Andeans.
Crawford, Jacob E; Amaru, Ricardo; Song, Jihyun; Julian, Colleen G; Racimo, Fernando; Cheng, Jade Yu; Guo, Xiuqing; Yao, Jie; Ambale-Venkatesh, Bharath; Lima, João A; Rotter, Jerome I; Stehlik, Josef; Moore, Lorna G; Prchal, Josef T; Nielsen, Rasmus
2017-11-02
The increase in red blood cell mass (polycythemia) due to the reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia) of residence at high altitude or other conditions is generally thought to be beneficial in terms of increasing tissue oxygen supply. However, the extreme polycythemia and accompanying increased mortality due to heart failure in chronic mountain sickness most likely reduces fitness. Tibetan highlanders have adapted to high altitude, possibly in part via the selection of genetic variants associated with reduced polycythemic response to hypoxia. In contrast, high-altitude-adapted Quechua- and Aymara-speaking inhabitants of the Andean Altiplano are not protected from high-altitude polycythemia in the same way, yet they exhibit other adaptive features for which the genetic underpinnings remain obscure. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing to scan high-altitude Andeans for signals of selection. The genes showing the strongest evidence of selection-including BRINP3, NOS2, and TBX5-are associated with cardiovascular development and function but are not in the response-to-hypoxia pathway. Using association mapping, we demonstrated that the haplotypes under selection are associated with phenotypic variations related to cardiovascular health. We hypothesize that selection in response to hypoxia in Andeans could have vascular effects and could serve to mitigate the deleterious effects of polycythemia rather than reduce polycythemia itself. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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Sampasa-Kanyinga, Hugues; Roumeliotis, Paul; Farrow, Claire V; Shi, Yuanfeng F
2014-08-01
Breakfast skipping is a health concern that has well-known negative consequences physically and psychologically. It is therefore important to understand why children skip breakfast. The purpose of this study was to establish whether the experience of bullying and cyberbullying impacts upon breakfast skipping and to further evaluate whether the inability for youths to cope with bullying victimization affects their mental health (depression), and in turn predicts breakfast skipping. Data were obtained from the Eastern Ontario 2011 Youth Risk Behaviour Survey, a cross-sectional regional school-based survey of middle and high school students (11-20 years old) across the five counties of Eastern Ontario, Canada (N = 3035). Self-reported data about children's experiences of bullying victimization, breakfast eating habits, socio-economical status, depression, and other risk behaviours were analysed. Approximately half of the participants (50.4%) reported not eating breakfast on a regular basis: 26.3% and 24.1% reported often (usually eat breakfast three times or more per week) and frequent (usually eat breakfast twice a week or less) breakfast skipping behaviour, respectively. Victims of both cyberbullying and school bullying presented greater likelihood of often (adjusted relative risk ratio (RR) = 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17-2.06) and frequent (RR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.28-3.03) breakfast skipping. Mediation analysis further showed that depression fully mediated the relationship between school bullying victimization and frequent breakfast skipping. Moreover, depression partially mediated the associations between both cyberbullying and school bullying with frequent breakfast skipping. These findings highlight the potential interrelationships between cyberbullying, school bullying and depression in predicting unhealthy breakfast skipping behaviour in children. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Thoracic skeletal morphology and high-altitude hypoxia in Andean prehistory.
Weinstein, Karen J
2007-09-01
Living humans from the highland Andes exhibit antero-posteriorly and medio-laterally enlarged chests in response to high-altitude hypoxia. This study hypothesizes that morphological responses to high-altitude hypoxia should also be evident in pre-Contact Andean groups. Thoracic skeletal morphology in four groups of human skeletons (N = 347) are compared: two groups from coastal regions (Ancón, Peru, n = 79 and Arica, Chile, n = 123) and two groups from high altitudes (San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, n = 102 and Machu Picchu and Cuzco, Peru, n = 43). Osteometric variables that represent proportions of chest width and depth include sternal and clavicular lengths and breadths and rib length, curvature, and area. Each variable was measured relative to body size, transformed into logarithmic indices, and compared across sex-specific groups using ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison tests. Atacama highlanders have the largest sternal and clavicular proportions and ribs with the greatest area and least amount of curvature, features that suggest an antero-posteriorly deep and mediolaterally wide thoracic skeleton. Ancón lowlanders exhibit proportions indicating narrower and shallower chests. Machu Picchu and Cuzco males cluster with the other highland group in rib curvature and area at the superior levels of the thorax, whereas chest proportions in Machu Picchu and Cuzco females resemble those of lowlanders. The variation in Machu Picchu and Cuzco males and females is interpreted as the result of population migrations. The presence of morphological traits indicative of enlarged chests in some highland individuals suggests that high-altitude hypoxia was an environmental stressor shaping the biology of highland Andean groups during the pre-Contact period. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Metabolic Effects of High Altitude Trekking in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
de Mol, Pieter; Fokkert, Marion J.; de Vries, Suzanna T.; de Koning, Eelco J. P.; Dikkeschei, Bert D.; Gans, Rijnold O. B.; Tack, Cees J.; Bilo, Henk J. G.
2012-01-01
OBJECTIVE-Limited information is available regarding the metabolic effects of high altitude trekking in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Thirteen individuals with type 2 diabetes took part, in a 12-day expedition to the summit of Mount Toubkal (altitude, 4,167 m), Morocco,
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Metabolic effects of high altitude trekking in patients with type 2 diabetes
Mol, P. de; Fokkert, M.J.; Vries, S.T. de; Koning, E.J. de; Dikkeschei, B.D.; Gans, R.O.; Tack, C.J.J.; Bilo, H.J.
2012-01-01
OBJECTIVE Limited information is available regarding the metabolic effects of high altitude trekking in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirteen individuals with type 2 diabetes took part in a 12-day expedition to the summit of Mount Toubkal (altitude, 4,167 m), Morocco,
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Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning protects against traumatic brain injury at high altitude.
Hu, S L; Hu, R; Li, F; Liu, Z; Xia, Y Z; Cui, G Y; Feng, H
2008-01-01
Recent studies have shown that preconditioning with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) can reduce ischemic and hemorrhagic brain injury. We investigated effects of HBO preconditioning on traumatic brain injury (TBI) at high altitude and examined the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in such protection. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: HBO preconditioning group (HBOP; n = 13), high-altitude group (HA; n = 13), and high-altitude sham operation group (HASO; n = 13). All groups were subjected to head trauma by weight-drop device, except for HASO group. HBOP rats received 5 sessions of HBO preconditioning (2.5 ATA, 100% oxygen, 1 h daily) and then were kept in hypobaric chamber at 0.6 ATA (to simulate pressure at 4000m altitude) for 3 days before operation. HA rats received control pretreatment (1 ATA, room air, 1 h daily), then followed the same procedures as HBOP group. HASO rats were subjected to skull opening only without brain injury. Twenty-four hours after TBI, 7 rats from each group were examined for neurological function and brain water content; 6 rats from each group were killed for analysis by H&E staining and immunohistochemistry. Neurological outcome in HBOP group (0.71 +/- 0.49) was better than HA group (1.57 +/- 0.53; p < 0.05). Preconditioning with HBO significantly reduced percentage of brain water content (86.24 +/- 0.52 vs. 84.60 +/- 0.37; p < 0.01). Brain morphology and structure seen by light microscopy was diminished in HA group, while fewer pathological injuries occurred in HBOP group. Compared to HA group, pretreatment with HBO significantly reduced the number of MMP-9-positive cells (92.25 +/- 8.85 vs. 74.42 +/- 6.27; p < 0.01). HBO preconditioning attenuates TBI in rats at high altitude. Decline in MMP-9 expression may contribute to HBO preconditioning-induced protection of brain tissue against TBI.
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Increased Cardiometabolic Risk and Worsening Hypoxemia at High Altitude.
Miele, Catherine H; Schwartz, Alan R; Gilman, Robert H; Pham, Luu; Wise, Robert A; Davila-Roman, Victor G; Jun, Jonathan C; Polotsky, Vsevolod Y; Miranda, J Jaime; Leon-Velarde, Fabiola; Checkley, William
2016-06-01
Miele, Catherine H., Alan R. Schwartz, Robert H. Gilman, Luu Pham, Robert A. Wise, Victor G. Davila-Roman, Jonathan C. Jun, Vsevolod Y. Polotsky, J. Jaime Miranda, Fabiola Leon-Velarde, and William Checkley. Increased cardiometabolic risk and worsening hypoxemia at high altitude. High Alt Med Biol. 17:93-100, 2016.-Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. While excessive erythrocytosis is associated with cardiovascular complications, it is unclear how worsening hypoxemia of any degree affects cardiometabolic risk factors in high-altitude populations. We studied the relationship between daytime resting oxyhemoglobin saturation and cardiometabolic risk factors in adult participants living in Puno, Peru (3825 m above sea level). We used multivariable logistic regression models to study the relationship between having a lower oxyhemoglobin saturation and markers of cardiometabolic risk. Nine hundred and fifty-four participants (mean age 55 years, 52% male) had information available on pulse oximetry and markers of cardiometabolic risk. Average oxyhemoglobin saturation was 90% (interquartile range 88%-92%) and 43 (4.5%) had excessive erythrocytosis. Older age, decreased height-adjusted lung function, and higher body mass index (BMI) were associated with having an oxyhemoglobin saturation ≤85%. When adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, having excessive erythrocytosis, and site, we found that each 5% decrease in oxyhemoglobin saturation was associated with a higher adjusted odds of metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.07-1.72, p 2 mass units (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.00-1.67, p < 0.05), hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5% (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.09-2.51, p < 0.04), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) ≥3 mg/L (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.09-1.96, p < 0.01). In high-altitude populations in Puno, Peru, a higher BMI and lower pulmonary function were
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Systems Design and Experimental Evaluation of a High-Altitude Relight Test Facility
Paxton, Brendan
Novel advances in gas turbine engine combustor technology, led by endeavors into fuel efficiency and demanding environmental regulations, have been fraught with performance and safety concerns. While the majority of low emissions gas turbine engine combustor technology has been necessary for power generation applications, the push for ultra-low NOx combustion in aircraft jet engines has been ever present. Recent state-of-the-art combustor designs notably tackle historic emissions challenges by operating at fuel-lean conditions, which are characterized by an increase in the amount of air flow sent to the primary combustion zone. While beneficial in reducing NOx emissions, the fuel-lean mechanisms that characterize these combustor designs rely heavily upon high-energy and high-velocity air flows to sufficiently mix and atomize fuel droplets, ultimately leading to flame stability concerns during low-power operation. When operating at high-altitude conditions, these issues are further exacerbated by the presence of low ambient air pressures and temperatures, which can lead to engine flame-out situations and hamper engine relight attempts. To aid academic and industrial research ventures into improving the high-altitude lean blow-out and relight performance of modern gas turbine engine combustor technologies, the High-Altitude Relight Test Facility (HARTF) was designed and constructed at the University of Cincinnati (UC) Combustion and Fire Research Laboratory (CFRL). Following its construction, an experimental evaluation of its abilities to facilitate optically-accessible ignition, combustion, and spray testing for gas turbine engine combustor hardware at simulated high-altitude conditions was performed. In its evaluation, performance limit references were established through testing of the HARTF vacuum and cryogenic air-chilling capabilities. These tests were conducted with regard to end-user control---the creation and the maintenance of a realistic high-altitude
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ACUTE PHASE PROTEIN INCREASE IN HIGH ALTITUDE MOUNTAINEERS
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Tolga Saka
Full Text Available ABSTRACT Introduction: Many middle-aged Turks go hiking in mountains to breathe some fresh air or to maintain fitness. Objective: This study investigated the effects of regular high altitude mountain climbing on the metabolic and hematological responses of mountaineers. Methods: Hematological and biochemical parameters were studied, as well as some hormonal values of 21 mountaineers and 16 healthy age-matched sedentary volunteers. Results: The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR was significantly lower (p<0.04 in mountaineers compared with the sedentary group. Total protein (p<0.001 and albumin (p<0.001 were lower, while the levels of ferritin (p<0.04, creatine (p<0.03 and creatine phosphokinase (p<0.01 were higher in mountaineers. Other hematological and biochemical parameters, i.e., erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit, did not change significantly. Conclusion: Our results show that regular exposure to high altitude increased the serum levels of some acute phase proteins with anti-inflammatory properties.
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United States high-altitude test experiences. A review emphasizing the impact on the environment
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hoerlin, H.
1976-06-01
The US high-altitude nuclear explosions of the 1955-1962 period are listed chronologically; dates, locations, and yields are given. The major physical phases of the interactions of the weapon outputs with the atmosphere are described, such as the formation of fireballs at the low high-altitudes and the partition of energies and their distribution over very large spaces at the higher high-altitudes. The effects of these explosions on the normal activities of populations and the protective measures taken are documented. Many scientific observations, together with their significance and values, are reviewed. 109 refs
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Science 101: Why Does It Take Longer to Boil Potatoes at High Altitudes?
Robertson, Bill
2017-01-01
Why Does It Take Longer to Boil Potatoes at High Altitudes? This column provides background science information for elementary teachers. This month's issue looks at why water boils at different temperatures at different altitudes.
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Syndrome of Acute Anxiety Among Marines After Recent Arrival at High Altitude
2014-05-01
Naval Health Research Center Syndrome of Acute Anxiety Among Marines After Recent Arrival at High Altitude Michael K. Sracic Darren Thomas...Allen Pate Jacob Norris Marc Norman, Jeffrey H. Gertsch Report No. 13-29 The views expressed in this article are those of the authors...MEDICINE, 179, 5:559, 2014 Syndrome of Acute Anxiety Among Marines After Recent Arrival at High Altitude LT Michael K. Sracic, MC USN*; LT Darren Thomas
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Skipping breakfast and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rosemeyre França de Paula FIUZA
Full Text Available ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with breakfast skipping among adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional study, with adolescents aged 10-17 years, evaluated between 2009 and 2011, belonging to a cohort study in the Central-West region of Brazil. Breakfast skipping was considered as not having breakfast every day. Demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors were evaluated through a questionnaire. Anthropometric assessment included measurement of weight and height, which were used to classify weight status using body mass index. Poisson regression was used to assess the association of breakfast skipping with demographic and socioeconomic variables, lifestyle factors, and weight status. Results Among 1,716 Brazilian adolescents evaluated, 36.2% reported not consuming breakfast every day, with the highest prevalence among girls (p=0.03. After adjusting for age and economic class, breakfast skipping was associated with not consuming breakfast with parents and morning shift at school, in both genders, and with obesity only in boys. Lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet quality, and smoking were not associated with skipping breakfast. Conclusion The omission of breakfast was observed in more than a third of adolescents, being associated with demographic and lifestyle factors. In the public health perspective, the importance of encouraging the consumption of this meal is highlighted, with actions involving the school environment and the family.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000330 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000330 ... mesenchymal stem cell 間葉系幹細胞 polydactylous human fingers 指 Normal Yub...ovation. 独立行政法人医薬基盤研究所ＪＣＲＢ細胞バンク http://cellbank.nibio.go.jp/~cellbank/cgi-bin/search_res_det.cgi?DB_NUM=1&ID=3377 ... ...621BMC Yub621BMC JCRB1113 JCRB1113 ... -- -- ... -- No JCRB1113 ... bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000333 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000333 ... mesenchymal stem cell 間葉系幹細胞 polydactylous human fingers 指 Normal Yub...ター研究所 ... Not Available National Institute of Biomedical Innovation. 独立行政法人医薬基盤研究所ＪＣＲＢ細胞バンク http://cellbank.nibio.go.jp/~cell... 10F Yub 10F JCRB1116 JCRB1116 ... -- -- ... -- No JCRB1116 mesenchymal stem cell finite proliferatio
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Energy management strategy for solar-powered high-altitude long-endurance aircraft
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Gao, Xian-Zhong; Hou, Zhong-Xi; Guo, Zheng; Liu, Jian-Xia; Chen, Xiao-Qian
2013-01-01
Highlights: ► A new Energy Management Strategy (EMS) for high-altitude solar-powered aircraft is purposed. ► The simulations show that the aircraft can always keep the altitude above 16 km with the proposed EMS. ► The proposed EMS is capable to alleviate the power consumed for aircraft during night. ► The main technologies to improve the flight performance of aircraft are analyzed. - Abstract: Development of solar-powered High-Altitude Long-Endurance (HALE) aircraft has a great impact on both military and civil aviation industries since its features in high-altitude and energy source can be considered inexhaustible. Owing to the development constraints of rechargeable batteries, the solar-powered HALE aircraft must take amount of rechargeable batteries to fulfill the energy requirement in night, which greatly limits the operation altitude of aircraft. In order to solve this problem, a new Energy Management Strategy (EMS) is proposed based on the idea that the solar energy can be partly stored in gravitational potential in daytime. The flight path of HALE aircraft is divided into three stages. During the stage 1, the solar energy is stored in both lithium–sulfur battery and gravitational potential. The gravitational potential is released in stage 2 by gravitational gliding and the required power in stage 3 is supplied by lithium–sulfur battery. Correspondingly, the EMS is designed for each stage. The simulation results show that the aircraft can always keep the altitude above 16 km with the proposed EMS, and the power consumed during night can be also alleviated. Comparing with the current EMS, about 23.5% energy is remained in batteries with the proposed EMS during one day–night cycle. The sensitivities of the improvement of crucial technologies to the performance of aircraft are also analyzed. The results show that the enhancement of control and structural system, lithium–sulfur battery, and solar cell are ranked in descending order for the
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Peripheral blood lymphocytes: a model for monitoring physiological adaptation to high altitude.
Mariggiò, Maria A; Falone, Stefano; Morabito, Caterina; Guarnieri, Simone; Mirabilio, Alessandro; Pilla, Raffaele; Bucciarelli, Tonino; Verratti, Vittore; Amicarelli, Fernanda
2010-01-01
Depending on the absolute altitude and the duration of exposure, a high altitude environment induces various cellular effects that are strictly related to changes in oxidative balance. In this study, we used in vitro isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes as biosensors to test the effect of hypobaric hypoxia on seven climbers by measuring the functional activity of these cells. Our data revealed that a 21-day exposure to high altitude (5000 m) (1) increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, (2) caused a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, and (3) despite possible transient increases in intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species, did not significantly change the antioxidant and/or oxidative damage-related status in lymphocytes and serum, assessed by measuring Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase activity, vitamin levels, and oxidatively modified proteins and lipids. Overall, these results suggest that high altitude might cause an impairment in adaptive antioxidant responses. This, in turn, could increase the risk of oxidative-stress-induced cellular damage. In addition, this study corroborates the use of peripheral blood lymphocytes as an easily handled model for monitoring adaptive response to environmental challenge.
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Optimized Skip-Stop Metro Line Operation Using Smart Card Data
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Peitong Zhang
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Skip-stop operation is a low cost approach to improving the efficiency of metro operation and passenger travel experience. This paper proposes a novel method to optimize the skip-stop scheme for bidirectional metro lines so that the average passenger travel time can be minimized. Different from the conventional “A/B” scheme, the proposed Flexible Skip-Stop Scheme (FSSS can better accommodate spatially and temporally varied passenger demand. A genetic algorithm (GA based approach is then developed to efficiently search for the optimal solution. A case study is conducted based on a real world bidirectional metro line in Shenzhen, China, using the time-dependent passenger demand extracted from smart card data. It is found that the optimized skip-stop operation is able to reduce the average passenger travel time and transit agencies may benefit from this scheme due to energy and operational cost savings. Analyses are made to evaluate the effects of that fact that certain number of passengers fail to board the right train (due to skip operation. Results show that FSSS always outperforms the all-stop scheme even when most passengers of the skipped OD pairs are confused and cannot get on the right train.
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The Laddermill : Innovative Wind Energy from High Altitudes in Holland and Australia
Lansdorp, B.; Williams, P.
2006-01-01
The Laddermill is a novel concept to harvest electricity from high altitude winds. The concept's operating principle is to drive an electric generator using tethered kites. Several kites are deployed to altitudes of more than 1 km by means of a single cable that is connected to a drum on the
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The structure of high altitude O+ energization and outflow: a case study
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
H. Nilsson
2004-07-01
Full Text Available Multi-spacecraft observations from the CIS ion spectrometers on board the Cluster spacecraft have been used to study the structure of high-altitude oxygen ion energization and outflow. A case study taken from 12 April 2004 is discussed in more detail. In this case the spacecraft crossed the polar cap, mantle and high-altitude cusp region at altitudes between 4RE and 8RE and 2 of the spacecraft provided data. The oxygen ions were seen as a beam with narrow energy distribution, and increasing field-aligned velocity and temperature at higher altitude further in the upstream flow direction. The peak O+ energy was typically just above the highest energy of observed protons. The observed energies reached the upper limit of the CIS ion spectrometer, i.e. 38keV. Moment data from the spacecraft have been cross-correlated to determine cross-correlation coefficients, as well as the phase delay between the spacecraft. Structures in ion density, temperature and field-aligned flow appear to drift with the observed field-perpendicular drift. This, together with a velocity dispersion analysis, indicates that much of the structure can be explained by transverse heating well below the spacecraft. However, temperature isotropy and the particle flux as a function of field-aligned velocity are inconsistent with a single altitude Maxwellian source. Heating over extended altitude intervals, possibly all the way up to the observation point, seem consistent with the observations.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000678 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available ns in the ratio 3:1:1:1:1. 胎児肺線維芽細胞由来iPS細胞。|低酸素下でKlf4, c-Myc, Oct4, Sox2とLIN28を3:...1:1:1:1の割合でコードした合成RNAを、線維芽細胞株に20日間毎日添加し、遺伝子を細胞へ導入した。 human ES-like Research Grade Other OCT4 , SOX2 , KLF4 ,... SKIP000678 ... Lung Lung Normal MRC5-RiPS-1.8 MRC5-RiPS-1.8 ... Fetus Male ... -- No hiPS-cell...s derived from human fetal lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5 Line).They were derived using m....1016/j.stem.2010.08.012 Highly efficient reprogramming to pluripotency and directed differentiation of human cell
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000924 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000924 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased CPVT-iPS c5 CPVT-iPS c5 ... カテコラミン... line iPS細胞 human ES-like Research Grade Retrovirus SOX2, KLF4, OCT3/4 and c-MYC (pMX-based...誘発多形性心室頻拍 I47.2 Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia type 1 604772 ... 46 40-49 Female ... Yes No iPS cell
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000328 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000328 ... mesenchymal stem cell 間葉系幹細胞 polydactylous human fingers 指 Normal Yub... ... Not Available National Institute of Biomedical Innovation. 独立行政法人医薬基盤研究所ＪＣＲＢ細胞バンク http://cellbank.nibio.go.jp/~cellbank/cgi-bin/search_res_det.cgi?DB_NUM=1&ID=3375 ... ...621c Yub621c JCRB1111 JCRB1111 ... -- -- ... -- No JCRB1111 cartilige-derived messenchymal stem cell.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000748 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available B1345. Ph1 chromosome-positive human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. Single Ph1 chromosome observed. 白血病... SKIP000748 ... acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line 急性リンパ芽球 ... Diseased PALL-2 PALL...c and molecular analysis of Ph1-chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. Miyagi T, Ohyas...-2 JCRB1345 JCRB1345 急性リンパ性白血病 C910 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia [ALL] 613065 ... -- Male ... Yes No JCR
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000280 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000280 ... Diseased HPS0209 HPS0209 ... 肺性高血圧症 I270 Pulmonary hypertension 178...600 ... -- -- Japanese Japanese Yes No Disease specific iPS cell line derived from a patient: Pulmonary hypertension.... ... 疾患特異的iPS細胞株。肺性高血圧症患者由来。 human ES-like -- Sendai virus SeV18+HS-OCT3/4/TSΔF, SeV18+HS-SOX2/TS
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000865 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000865 ... Diseased HPS0211 HPS0211 ... 肺性高血圧症 I270 Pulmonary hypertension 178...600 ... -- -- Japanese 日本人 Yes No Disease specific iPS cell line derived from a patient : Pulmonary hypertension.... HPS0209 was derived from the same patient. ... 疾患特異的iPS細胞株。肺性高血圧症患者由来。HPS0209と同一人由来。 human ES-like R
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000329 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000329 ... mesenchymal stem cell 間葉系幹細胞 polydactylous human fingers 指 Normal Yub... Available National Institute of Biomedical Innovation. 独立行政法人医薬基盤研究所ＪＣＲＢ細胞バンク http://cellbank.nibio.go.jp/~cellbank/cgi-bin/search_res_det.cgi?DB_NUM=1&ID=3376 ... ...621b Yub621b JCRB1112 JCRB1112 ... -- -- ... -- No JCRB1112 bone-derived mesenchymal stem cell. finit
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Word skipping: effects of word length, predictability, spelling and reading skill.
Slattery, Timothy J; Yates, Mark
2017-08-31
Readers eyes often skip over words as they read. Skipping rates are largely determined by word length; short words are skipped more than long words. However, the predictability of a word in context also impacts skipping rates. Rayner, Slattery, Drieghe and Liversedge (2011) reported an effect of predictability on word skipping for even long words (10-13 characters) that extend beyond the word identification span. Recent research suggests that better readers and spellers have an enhanced perceptual span (Veldre & Andrews, 2014). We explored whether reading and spelling skill interact with word length and predictability to impact word skipping rates in a large sample (N=92) of average and poor adult readers. Participants read the items from Rayner et al. (2011) while their eye movements were recorded. Spelling skill (zSpell) was assessed using the dictation and recognition tasks developed by Sally Andrews and colleagues. Reading skill (zRead) was assessed from reading speed (words per minute) and accuracy of three 120 word passages each with 10 comprehension questions. We fit linear mixed models to the target gaze duration data and generalized linear mixed models to the target word skipping data. Target word gaze durations were significantly predicted by zRead while, the skipping likelihoods were significantly predicted by zSpell. Additionally, for gaze durations, zRead significantly interacted with word predictability as better readers relied less on context to support word processing. These effects are discussed in relation to the lexical quality hypothesis and eye movement models of reading.
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Numerical research on the thermal performance of high altitude scientific balloons
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Dai, Qiumin; Xing, Daoming; Fang, Xiande; Zhao, Yingjie
2017-01-01
Highlights: • A model is presented to evaluate the IR radiation between translucent surfaces. • Comprehensive ascent and thermal models of balloons are established. • The effect of IR transmissivity on film temperature distribution is unneglectable. • Atmospheric IR radiation is the primary thermal factor of balloons at night. • Solar radiation is the primary thermal factor of balloons during the day. - Abstract: Internal infrared (IR) radiation is an important factor that affects the thermal performance of high altitude balloons. The internal IR radiation is commonly neglected or treated as the IR radiation between opaque gray bodies. In this paper, a mathematical model which considers the IR transmissivity of the film is proposed to estimate the internal IR radiation. Comprehensive ascent and thermal models for high altitude scientific balloons are established. Based on the models, thermal characteristics of a NASA super pressure balloon are simulated. The effects of film IR property on the thermal behaviors of the balloon are discussed in detail. The results are helpful for the design and operation of high altitude scientific balloons.
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Nishiyama, Midori; Muto, Takashi; Minakawa, Toshihiro; Shibata, Toshie
2009-08-01
Skipping breakfast has been considered a representative unhealthy behavior, but there is little information about the combined effects of breakfast skipping and other unhealthy health habits, especially smoking. First this cross-sectional study investigated unhealthy behaviors among breakfast skippers, and then examined the impact of the combined association of skipping breakfast and smoking on health. A total of 1,200 adults living in one Japanese community were sent questionnaires to elicit data on age, gender, breakfast-eating frequency, and other lifestyle habits. A total 603 of people returned their questionnaires (response rate: 50.3%), and 493 (230 men and 263 women) questionnaires were considered appropriate for analysis. Smoking rate in men (mean age, 53.7 years) and women (mean age, 50.4 years) was 41.3%, and 9.5%, respectively. Skipping breakfast was more prevalent in people under age 50 years (p related to other unhealthy behaviors. Binary logistic regression identified current smoking as the most significant factor related to breakfast skipping (3.10, 95%CI 1.50-6.39). Other factors included, age younger than 50 years (3.04, 95%CI 1.31-7.06) and poor sleeping quality (2.06, 95%CI 1.00-4.25). After examining the combined impact of skipping breakfast and smoking, the highest odds ratio for a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was found among those who smoked and skipped breakfast (4.68, 95% CI: 1.46-15.05). Moreover, skipping breakfast among non-smokers showed a high association with perceived stress (2.83, 95% CI: 1.05-7.61). In conclusion, the combined unhealthy behaviors of skipping breakfast and smoking are associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus.
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Dose-response of altitude training: how much altitude is enough?
Levine, Benjamin D; Stray-Gundersen, James
2006-01-01
Altitude training continues to be a key adjunctive aid for the training of competitive athletes throughout the world. Over the past decade, evidence has accumulated from many groups of investigators that the "living high--training low" approach to altitude training provides the most robust and reliable performance enhancements. The success of this strategy depends on two key features: 1) living high enough, for enough hours per day, for a long enough period of time, to initiate and sustain an erythropoietic effect of high altitude; and 2) training low enough to allow maximal quality of high intensity workouts, requiring high rates of sustained oxidative flux. Because of the relatively limited access to environments where such a strategy can be practically applied, numerous devices have been developed to "bring the mountain to the athlete," which has raised the key issue of the appropriate "dose" of altitude required to stimulate an acclimatization response and performance enhancement. These include devices using molecular sieve technology to provide a normobaric hypoxic living or sleeping environment, approaches using very high altitudes (5,500m) for shorter periods of time during the day, and "intermittent hypoxic training" involving breathing very hypoxic gas mixtures for alternating 5 minutes periods over the course of 60-90 minutes. Unfortunately, objective testing of the strategies employing short term (less than 4 hours) normobaric or hypobaric hypoxia has failed to demonstrate an advantage of these techniques. Moreover individual variability of the response to even the best of living high--training low strategies has been great, and the mechanisms behind this variability remain obscure. Future research efforts will need to focus on defining the optimal dosing strategy for these devices, and determining the underlying mechanisms of the individual variability so as to enable the individualized "prescription" of altitude exposure to optimize the performance of
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No Change in Running Mechanics With Live High-Train Low Altitude Training in Elite Distance Runners.
Stickford, Abigail S L; Wilhite, Daniel P; Chapman, Robert F
2017-01-01
Investigations into ventilatory, metabolic, and hematological changes with altitude training have been completed; however, there is a lack of research exploring potential gait-kinematic changes after altitude training, despite a common complaint of athletes being a lack of leg "turnover" on return from altitude training. To determine if select kinematic variables changed in a group of elite distance runners after 4 wk of altitude training. Six elite male distance runners completed a 28-d altitude-training intervention in Flagstaff, AZ (2150 m), following a modified "live high-train low" model, wherein higherintensity runs were performed at lower altitudes (945-1150 m) and low-intensity sessions were completed at higher altitudes (1950-2850 m). Gait parameters were measured 2-9 d before departure to altitude and 1 to 2 d after returning to sea level at running speeds of 300-360 m/min. No differences were found in ground-contact time, swing time, or stride length or frequency after altitude training (P > .05). Running mechanics are not affected by chronic altitude training in elite distance runners. The data suggest that either chronic training at altitude truly has no effect on running mechanics or completing the live high-train low model of altitude training, where higher-velocity workouts are completed at lower elevations, mitigates any negative mechanical adaptations that may be associated with chronic training at slower speeds.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000817 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000817 ... Diseased ACHhomo-8859-3 ACHhomo-8859-3 ... 軟骨無形成症 Q774 Achondroplasia... 100800 ... 0-9 Female Japanese Japanese Yes No Achondroplasia(GM08859)-specific iPSC.GM08859 is from... the homozygous child of GM08857 and GM08858. 軟骨無形成症患者(GM08859)繊維芽細胞由来iPS細胞。|GM08859はGM08858の母親とGM08857の父親の子
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000993 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available ISEASE 8, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT; PARK8 607060 ... 78 70-79 Female ... Yes No iPS cells from familial Parkinson... SKIP000993 ... Diseased PARK8-LB16 PARK8-LB16 ... 遺伝性パーキンソン病：PARK8 G20 PARKINSON D...'s disease patient ... 遺伝性パーキンソン病患者由来iPS細胞 human ES-like Research Grade Lentivirus Klf4, Sox2, Oct4, c-Myc ... Ye
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000991 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available EASE 8, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT; PARK8 607060 ... 66 60-69 Female ... Yes No iPS cells from familial Parkinson's disease patient ... 遺伝性パーキ... SKIP000991 ... Diseased PARK8-LA5 PARK8-LA5 ... 遺伝性パーキンソン病：PARK8 G20 PARKINSON DIS...ンソン病患者由来iPS細胞 human ES-like Research Grade Lentivirus Klf4, Sox2, Oct4, c-Myc ... Yes
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000992 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available ISEASE 8, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT; PARK8 607060 ... 66 60-69 Female ... Yes No iPS cells from familial Parkinson... SKIP000992 ... Diseased PARK8-LA11 PARK8-LA11 ... 遺伝性パーキンソン病：PARK8 G20 PARKINSON D...'s disease patient ... 遺伝性パーキンソン病患者由来iPS細胞 human ES-like Research Grade Lentivirus Klf4, Sox2, Oct4, c-Myc ... Ye
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000994 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available ISEASE 8, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT; PARK8 607060 ... 78 70-79 Female ... Yes No iPS cells from familial Parkinson... SKIP000994 ... Diseased PARK8-LB21 PARK8-LB21 ... 遺伝性パーキンソン病：PARK8 G20 PARKINSON D...'s disease patient ... 遺伝性パーキンソン病患者由来iPS細胞 human ES-like Research Grade Lentivirus Klf4, Sox2, Oct4, c-Myc ... Ye
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000845 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000845 ... unknown 不明 Diseased Sporadic PD-1 Sporadic PD-1 10005.117.01 10005.117.01 パーキンソン病 G20 Parkin...son Disease 168600 ... 65 60-69 Female ... No No Transgene-free iPS cells from Sporadic Parkinson...lrep.2014.10.023 iPSC-derived dopamine neurons reveal differences between monozygotic twins discordant for Parkinson... Disease patient.Using CytoTune iPS Sendai reprogramming protocol (Life Technologies). 孤発性パーキンソン
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Analysis of the Hybrid Power System for High-Altitude Unmanned Aircraft
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kangwen Sun
2015-01-01
Full Text Available The application of single solar array on high-altitude unmanned aircraft will waste energy because of its low conversion efficiency. Furthermore, since its energy utilization is limited, the surface temperature of solar array will rise to 70°C due to the waste solar energy, thus reducing the electrical performance of the solar array. In order to reuse the energy converted into heat by solar array, a hybrid power system is presented in this paper. In the hybrid power system, a new electricity-generating method is adopted to spread the photovoltaic cell on the wing surface and arrange photothermal power in the wing box section. Because the temperature on the back of photovoltaic cell is high, it can be used as the high-temperature heat source. The lower wing surface can be a low-temperature cold source. A high-altitude unmanned aircraft was used to analyze the performances of pure solar-powered aircraft and hybrid powered aircraft. The analysis result showed that the hybrid system could reduce the area of wing by 19% and that high-altitude unmanned aircraft with a 35 m or less wingspan could raise the utilization rate of solar energy per unit area after adopting the hybrid power system.
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Genomic analysis of natural selection and phenotypic variation in high-altitude mongolians.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jinchuan Xing
Full Text Available Deedu (DU Mongolians, who migrated from the Mongolian steppes to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau approximately 500 years ago, are challenged by environmental conditions similar to native Tibetan highlanders. Identification of adaptive genetic factors in this population could provide insight into coordinated physiological responses to this environment. Here we examine genomic and phenotypic variation in this unique population and present the first complete analysis of a Mongolian whole-genome sequence. High-density SNP array data demonstrate that DU Mongolians share genetic ancestry with other Mongolian as well as Tibetan populations, specifically in genomic regions related with adaptation to high altitude. Several selection candidate genes identified in DU Mongolians are shared with other Asian groups (e.g., EDAR, neighboring Tibetan populations (including high-altitude candidates EPAS1, PKLR, and CYP2E1, as well as genes previously hypothesized to be associated with metabolic adaptation (e.g., PPARG. Hemoglobin concentration, a trait associated with high-altitude adaptation in Tibetans, is at an intermediate level in DU Mongolians compared to Tibetans and Han Chinese at comparable altitude. Whole-genome sequence from a DU Mongolian (Tianjiao1 shows that about 2% of the genomic variants, including more than 300 protein-coding changes, are specific to this individual. Our analyses of DU Mongolians and the first Mongolian genome provide valuable insight into genetic adaptation to extreme environments.
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Negi, Prakash Chand; Marwaha, Rajeev; Asotra, Sanjeev; Kandoria, Arvind; Ganju, Neeraj; Sharma, Rajesh; Kumar, Ravi V; Bhardwaj, Rajeev
2014-12-01
The study aimed to determine the prevalence of high altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) and its predisposing factors among natives of Spiti Valley. A cross-sectional survey study was done on the permanent natives of Spiti Valley residing at an altitude of 3000 m to 4200 m. Demographic characteristics, health behavior, anthropometrics, and blood pressure were recorded. Investigations included recording of 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG), SaO2 with pulse oximeter, spirometry and echocardiography study, and measurement of Hb levels using the cynmethhemoglobin method. HAPH was diagnosed using criteria; tricuspid regurgitation (TR) gradient of ≥46 mmHg. ECG evidence of RV overload on 12 lead ECG was documented based on presence of 2 out of 3 criteria; R>S in V1, right axis deviation or RV strain, T wave inversion in V1 and V2. Data of 1087 subjects were analyzed who were free of cardiorespiratory diseases to determine the prevalence of HAPH and its predisposing factors. HAPH was recorded in 3.23% (95% C.I. of 0.9-8.1%) and ECG evidence of right ventricular (RV) overload was 1.5% in the study population. Prevalence of HAPH was not different in men and women 2.63% vs. 3.54% p<0.2. Age (Z statistics of 3.4 p<0.0006), hypoxemia (Z statistics of 2.9 p<0.002), and erythrocythemia (Z statistics of 4.7 p<0.003) were independently associated with HAPH. Altitude of residence was not found to be significantly associated with HAPH, although there was a trend of increasing prevalence with increasing altitude. It can be concluded that HAPH is prevalent in 3.23% of natives of Spiti Valley. Increasing age, erythrocythemia and hypoxemia are independent predisposing factors.
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Tests of the Daimler D-IVa Engine at a High Altitude Test Bench
Noack, W G
1920-01-01
Reports of tests of a Daimler IVa engine at the test-bench at Friedrichshafen, show that the decrease of power of that engine, at high altitudes, was established, and that the manner of its working when air is supplied at a certain pressure was explained. These tests were preparatory to the installation of compressors in giant aircraft for the purpose of maintaining constant power at high altitudes.
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Asthma in Patients Climbing to High and Extreme Altitudes in the Tibetan Everest Region
Huismans, Henrike K.; Douma, W. Rob; Kerstjens, Huib A. M.; Renkema, Tineke E. J.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of asthma in patients traveling to high and extreme altitudes. Methods: Twenty-four Dutch patients with mild asthma did a trekking at high and extreme altitudes (up to 6410 m = 21030 ft) in the Tibetan Everest region. Asthma symptoms,
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A method for sampling microbial aerosols using high altitude balloons.
Bryan, N C; Stewart, M; Granger, D; Guzik, T G; Christner, B C
2014-12-01
Owing to the challenges posed to microbial aerosol sampling at high altitudes, very little is known about the abundance, diversity, and extent of microbial taxa in the Earth-atmosphere system. To directly address this knowledge gap, we designed, constructed, and tested a system that passively samples aerosols during ascent through the atmosphere while tethered to a helium-filled latex sounding balloon. The sampling payload is ~ 2.7 kg and comprised of an electronics box and three sampling chambers (one serving as a procedural control). Each chamber is sealed with retractable doors that can be commanded to open and close at designated altitudes. The payload is deployed together with radio beacons that transmit GPS coordinates (latitude, longitude and altitude) in real time for tracking and recovery. A cut mechanism separates the payload string from the balloon at any desired altitude, returning all equipment safely to the ground on a parachute. When the chambers are opened, aerosol sampling is performed using the Rotorod® collection method (40 rods per chamber), with each rod passing through 0.035 m3 per km of altitude sampled. Based on quality control measurements, the collection of ~ 100 cells rod(-1) provided a 3-sigma confidence level of detection. The payload system described can be mated with any type of balloon platform and provides a tool for characterizing the vertical distribution of microorganisms in the troposphere and stratosphere. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000944 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available inson disease 168006 ... 66 60-69 Female ... No No iPS cell line iPS細胞 human ES-like Research Grade Retrov... SKIP000944 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP08.3 SP08.3 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Park...irus SOX2, KLF4 and OCT3/4 Yes Yes MEFs Lines of patient-specific iPS cells were maintained by mechanical di...ssociation of colonies and splitting 1:3 onto feeder cells in hESC medium or by l
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000644 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000644 ... umbilical cord 臍帯(線維芽細胞) Normal HiPS-RIKEN-2D HiPS-RIKEN-2D ... ...bilical cord fibroblast, male) 臍帯由来線維芽細胞（RCB0197 HUC-Fm)iPS細胞. human ES-like Research Grade Retrovirus ... Oct3... ... Fetus Male Japanese Japanese -- No Human iPS cell line. Parent cell line of RCB0197 HUC-Fm(Normal um...010.00091.x Establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells from human neonatal tissues. Fujioka T, Shimizu
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000706 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000706 ... mesenchymal stem cell 間葉系幹細胞 placenta 胎盤 Normal PL502 PL502 ... ... ... -- -- ... -- No JCRB1125 mesenchymal stem cell. finite prolieferation 胎盤由来間葉系幹細胞(有限増殖) fibroblast-like -...lable National Institute of Biomedical Innovation. 独立行政法人医薬基盤研究所ＪＣＲＢ細胞バンク http://cellbank.nibio.go.jp/~cellbank/cgi-bin/search_res_det.cgi?DB_NUM=1&ID=3548 ...
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001095 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available line derived from a neonate.(1439 KURABO)| 新生児皮膚繊維芽細胞(1439 KURABO)由来iPS細胞 human ES-like Research ...on, Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 ... Information Only Center for iPS Cell Research and Application,Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞... SKIP001095 ... Normal WT-1-#1 WT-1-#1 ... 0-9 Male ... -- No Nomal human iPS cell...ling type II collagenopathy skeletal dysplasia by directed conversion and induced pluripotent stem cell
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000940 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available inson disease 168006 ... 46 40-49 Male ... No No iPS cell line iPS細胞 human ES-like Research Grade Retrovir... SKIP000940 ... dermal fibroblast 表皮繊維芽細胞 Diseased SP04.1 SP04.1 ... パーキンソン病 G20 Park...us SOX2, KLF4 and OCT3/4 Yes Yes MEFs Lines of patient-specific iPS cells were maintained by mechanical diss...ociation of colonies and splitting 1:3 onto feeder cells in hESC medium or by lim
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000637 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000637 ... umbilical cord 臍帯(線維芽細胞) Normal HiPS-RIKEN-1B HiPS-RIKEN-1B ... ...umbilical cord fibroblast,Female) 臍帯由来線維芽細胞（RCB0436 HUC-F2)iPS細胞. human ES-like Research Grade Retrovirus Oc... ... Fetus Female Japanese Japanese -- No Human iPS cell line. Parent cell line of RCB0436 HUC-F2(Normal ...774.2010.00091.x Establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells from human neonatal tissues. Fujioka T, Shi
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000639 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000639 ... umbilical cord 臍帯(線維芽細胞) Normal HiPS-RIKEN-1D HiPS-RIKEN-1D ... ... umbilical cord fibroblast,Female) 臍帯由来線維芽細胞（RCB0436 HUC-F2)iPS細胞. human ES-like Research Grade Retrovirus O... ... Fetus Female Japanese Japanese -- No Human iPS cell line. Parent cell line of ... RCB0436 HUC-F2(Normal...774.2010.00091.x Establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells from human neonatal tissues. Fujioka T, Shi
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000648 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000648 ... umbilical cord 臍帯(線維芽細胞) Normal HiPS-RIKEN-13B HiPS-RIKEN-13B ... ... cord fibroblast, male) 臍帯由来線維芽細胞（HUC-5)iPS細胞. human ES-like Research Grade Retrovirus Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4,c-... ... Fetus Male Japanese Japanese -- No Human iPS cell line. Parent cell line of HUC-5(Normal umbilical...blishment of induced pluripotent stem cells from human neonatal tissues. Fujioka T, Shimizu N, Yoshino K, Mi
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000652 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available both neonatal and maternal cells. 羊膜(母胎・胎児）由来線維芽細胞（HFM-1)由来iPS細胞. human ES-like Research Grade Retrovirus Oc... SKIP000652 ... amnion 羊膜 Normal HiPS-RIKEN-3D HiPS-RIKEN-3D ... Fetus Male ... -- No Human iPS cel...l line. Parent cell line of HFM-1(amniotic membrane cells).HFM-1 were derived from ...2010.00091.x Establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells from human neonatal tissues. Fujioka T, Shimizu
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000640 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000640 ... umbilical cord 臍帯(線維芽細胞) Normal HiPS-RIKEN-1E HiPS-RIKEN-1E ... ...umbilical cord fibroblast,Female) 臍帯由来線維芽細胞（RCB0436 HUC-F2)iPS細胞. human ES-like Research Grade Retrovirus Oc... ... Fetus Female Japanese Japanese -- No Human iPS cell line. Parent cell line of RCB0436 HUC-F2(Normal ...74.2010.00091.x Establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells from human neonatal tissues. Fujioka T, Shim
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000655 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available both neonatal and maternal cells. 羊膜(母胎・胎児）由来線維芽細胞（HFM-1)由来iPS細胞. human ES-like Research Grade Lentivirus Oc... SKIP000655 ... amnion 羊膜 Normal HiPS-RIKEN-4B HiPS-RIKEN-4B ... Fetus Male ... -- No Human iPS cel...l line. Parent cell line of HFM-1(amniotic membrane cells).HFM-1 were derived from ...4.2010.00091.x Establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells from human neonatal tissues. Fujioka T, Shimi
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001097 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available line derived from a neonate.(1439 KURABO)| 新生児皮膚繊維芽細胞(1439 KURABO)由来iPS細胞 human ES-like Research ...n, Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 ... Information Only Center for iPS Cell Research and Application,Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞... SKIP001097 ... Normal WT-1-#3 WT-1-#3 ... 0-9 Male ... -- No Nomal human iPS cell...ing type II collagenopathy skeletal dysplasia by directed conversion and induced pluripotent stem cell
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000653 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available both neonatal and maternal cells. 羊膜(母胎・胎児）由来線維芽細胞（HFM-1)由来iPS細胞. human ES-like Research Grade Retrovirus Oc... SKIP000653 ... amnion 羊膜 Normal HiPS-RIKEN-3E HiPS-RIKEN-3E ... Fetus Male ... -- No Human iPS cel...l line. Parent cell line of HFM-1(amniotic membrane cells).HFM-1 were derived from ...2010.00091.x Establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells from human neonatal tissues. Fujioka T, Shimizu
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000617 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000617 ... Diseased HPS0097 HPS0097 ... 家族性パーキンソン病 PARK2 G20 Parkinson's disea...se, Familial type, PARK2 600116 ... -- -- Japanese Japanese No No Disease specific iPS cell line derived from a patient: Parkins...on's disease, Familial type, PARK2. 疾患特異的iPS細胞株。家族性パーキンソン病 PARK2患者由来。レトロウイルスベクターにより
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001068 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available DISEASE, PARK4 605543 ... 42 40-49 Male ... Yes No Disease specific iPS cell lines derived from patient with Parkinson...rsity Stanford University ... 22110584 10.1371/journal.pone.0026159 SNCA triplication Parkinson... SKIP001068 ... Diseased Trpl17 Trpl17 ... 家族性パーキンソン病 PARK4 G20 Familial PARKINSON ... disease (PARK4) パーキンソン病（PARK4）患者由来iPS細胞 human ES-like Research Grade Retrovirus KLF4,SOX2,OCT4,
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001096 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available line derived from a neonate.(1439 KURABO)| 新生児皮膚繊維芽細胞(1439 KURABO)由来iPS細胞 human ES-like Research ...n, Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 ... Information Only Center for iPS Cell Research and Application,Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞... SKIP001096 ... Normal WT-1-#2 WT-1-#2 ... 0-9 Male ... -- No Nomal human iPS cell...ing type II collagenopathy skeletal dysplasia by directed conversion and induced pluripotent stem cell
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26 CFR 26.2653-1 - Taxation of multiple skips.
2010-04-01
... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Taxation of multiple skips. 26.2653-1 Section 26.2653-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) ESTATE...-1 Taxation of multiple skips. (a) General rule. If property is held in trust immediately after a GST...
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Signatures of electric fields from high and low altitude particle distributions
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mizera, P.F.; Fennell, J.F.
1977-01-01
Measurements of high altitude (<1.3 R/sub e/) ions and electrons at auroral energies are used to provide evidence of parallel electric field acceleration over the dusk to midnight auroral regions for both the north and south hemispheres. The data, taken on August 12, 1976 by charged particle spectrometers on the S3-3 satellite, show evidence of potential differences of approx.2 kV below and approx.1 kV above a satellite altitude of 7300 km
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Schoenmaker, Annelie
2014-07-01
High-altitude balloons typically fly between 25 and 50 km in altitude, which, while below the Karman line of 100 km, is yet far above the altitudes typically flown by aircraft. For example, the highest-flying commercial aircraft - the Concorde - had a maximum cruising altitude of only 18 km. zero2infinity, a Spanish company, is currently developing a pressurized pod named “bloon” which will be capable of lifting six people, including two pilot crew members and four paying passengers, to an altitude of 36 km through the use of high-altitude balloons. The boundary between Airspace and Outer Space has never been legally defined, mostly because of the lack of activities taking place between the altitude where airplanes fly and the lowest orbiting spacecraft. High-altitude balloons do fly at these in-between altitudes and the prospect of commercializing access to these parts of the stratosphere poses some questions in a new light. Given the relatively low altitude at which they fly, it may well be that these types of balloons would be considered to operate exclusively within air space. However, given the technology involved in crewed high altitude balloon flights, which is more similar to spacecraft engineering than to traditional hot-air or gas ballooning, it is necessary to evaluate the various legal regimes, codes, and regulations that would apply to such flights, especially regarding licenses and liabilities. For high altitude balloon flights commencing in Europe, the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) would very likely be the competent certification or licensing agency for these flights, although there would likely be input from various national aviation authorities as well. However, because the European Commission (EC) has not yet issued regulations regarding commercial spaceflight, particularly the use of high altitude balloons, new rules and regulations governing such flights may still need to be drafted and promulgated. With the development of
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S-40: Acute Phase Protein Increse in High Altitude Mountaineers
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Tolga Saka
2017-03-01
Full Text Available “Erciyes Tigers” are an elite group of high altitude climbers. They have been climbing ErciyesMountain (3500 m, in Kayseri, Turkey once a week at least for ten years. When they climb Erciyes in winter, they also take a snow bath. This study investigated the effects of regular high altitude climbing on the metabolic and hematological responses of mountaineers. Venous blood samples were taken to investigate hematological, biochemical parameters and some hormone values from 21 mountaineers and 16 healthy age-matched sedentary volunteers at resting condition. The neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L ratio was calculated. The N/L was associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality and it could provide a good measure of exercise stress and subsequent recovery. Most of the hematological and biochemical parameters i.e., erythrocyte, leukocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit values did not change significantly. The neutrophil to lymphocyte (N/L ratio was significantly (p<0.04 decreased in the mountaineer compared with the sedentary group. Total protein (p<0.000 and albumin (0.001 were lower, while ferritin (p<0.04, creatine (p<0.03 and creatine phosphokinase levels (p<0.01 were higher in mountaineers. Our results show that regular high altitude climbing increased serum levels of some acute-phase proteins and these increments were not transient.
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Skipped spawning in fishes: More common than you might think
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Rideout, Rick M.; Tomkiewicz, Jonna
2011-01-01
The traditional view of iteroparity in fishes is one of an annual reproductive cycle that culminates each year in spawning. More recently, a more flexible view of fish reproduction has been adopted, including the potential for mature fish to skip spawning. Here, we review the abundance of recent...... on elemental and isotope signatures. Skipped spawning is most commonly attributed to deficient diet and poor nutritional condition. Advances made in this field of study in recent years include descriptions of hormonal changes that precede and perhaps initiate skipped spawning, the development of life history...
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Effects of social determinants on food choice and skipping meals among Turkish adolescents.
Soyer, Meral Turk; Ergin, Isil; Gursoy, Safak Taner
2008-01-01
To present data that contributes to understanding factors that influence food choice and skipping meals in adolescents. A cross sectional study is carried in selected high schools in Bornova. Study sample compromises of 527 students chosen randomly by class from a population of 2410 first year in high school students. Self-administered questionnaires containing sociodemographic determinants, self reported weight and height, food choices and meal patterns were used. A psychosocial factor that affects almost all of the students is the "taste and sensory perception of food". The second noticable factor is the "health and nutritious value of food". The time conserved and the convenience in the preparation of food is one of the lifestyle factors that affect more than half of the students. The cost of the food was also found to have an effect. Among the third group of factors categorized as "media", the leading factor is advertisement, effective in one third of the students. Among boys and girls, there was no statistical difference in the type of meal skipped. Living in Izmir for more than 10 years compared to less than ten years, being in a nuclear family to extended family, and belonging to the "owner" social class to "wage laborer" class also do not statistically differ with regard to skipping meals. However, the mother's and father's education level and having a working mother are associated with skipping meals. These results provide important evidence to support opportunities to positively influence the adoption of healthful eating.
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Water level changes of high altitude lakes in Himalaya–Karakoram ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
2Department of Geology, University of Pune, Pune 411 007, India. 3Chhattisgarh Council of .... influenced by three climate patterns as categorized by precipitation regime: (1) ... Water level changes of high altitude lakes in Himalaya–Karakoram. 1535 ...... mate warming and growth of high elevation inland lakes on the ...
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Chapman, Robert F; Karlsen, Trine; Resaland, Geir K; Ge, R-L; Harber, Matthew P; Witkowski, Sarah; Stray-Gundersen, James; Levine, Benjamin D
2014-03-15
Chronic living at altitudes of ∼2,500 m causes consistent hematological acclimatization in most, but not all, groups of athletes; however, responses of erythropoietin (EPO) and red cell mass to a given altitude show substantial individual variability. We hypothesized that athletes living at higher altitudes would experience greater improvements in sea level performance, secondary to greater hematological acclimatization, compared with athletes living at lower altitudes. After 4 wk of group sea level training and testing, 48 collegiate distance runners (32 men, 16 women) were randomly assigned to one of four living altitudes (1,780, 2,085, 2,454, or 2,800 m). All athletes trained together daily at a common altitude from 1,250-3,000 m following a modified live high-train low model. Subjects completed hematological, metabolic, and performance measures at sea level, before and after altitude training; EPO was assessed at various time points while at altitude. On return from altitude, 3,000-m time trial performance was significantly improved in groups living at the middle two altitudes (2,085 and 2,454 m), but not in groups living at 1,780 and 2,800 m. EPO was significantly higher in all groups at 24 and 48 h, but returned to sea level baseline after 72 h in the 1,780-m group. Erythrocyte volume was significantly higher within all groups after return from altitude and was not different between groups. These data suggest that, when completing a 4-wk altitude camp following the live high-train low model, there is a target altitude between 2,000 and 2,500 m that produces an optimal acclimatization response for sea level performance.
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Food Abundance Is the Main Determinant of High-Altitude Range Use in Snub-Nosed Monkeys
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cyril C. Grueter
2012-01-01
Full Text Available High-altitude dwelling primates have to optimize navigating a space that contains both a vertical and horizontal component. Black-and-white or Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti are extreme by primate standards in inhabiting relatively cold subalpine temperate forests at very high altitudes where large seasonal variation in climate and food availability is expected to profoundly modulate their ranging strategies so as to ensure a positive energy balance. A “semi-nomadic” group of R. bieti was followed for 20 months in the montane Samage Forest, Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve, Yunnan, PRC, which consisted of evergreen conifers, oaks, and deciduous broadleaf trees. The aim of this study was to disentangle the effects of climate and phenology on patterns of altitudinal range use. Altitude used by the group ranged from a maximum of 3550 m in July 2007 to a minimum of 3060 m in April 2006. The proportional use of lichen, the monkeys’ staple fallback food, in the diet explained more variation in monthly use of altitudes than climatic factors and availability of flush and fruit. The abundance of lichens at high altitudes, the lack of alternative foods in winter, and the need to satisfy the monkey's basal energetic requirements explain the effect of lichenivory on use of altitudes.
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Van Hall, Gerrit; Lundby, C; Araoz, M
2009-01-01
Chronic hypoxia has been proposed to induce a closer coupling in human skeletal muscle between ATP utilization and production in both lowlanders (LN) acclimatizing to high altitude and high-altitude natives (HAN), linked with an improved match between pyruvate availability and its use...... and remained at this higher level during the acclimatization period. HAN had similar high values; however, at the moment of exhaustion their muscle lactate, ADP and IMP content and Cr/PCr ratio were higher than in LN. In conclusion, sea-level residents in the course of acclimatization to high altitude did...... not exhibit a reduced capacity for the active muscle to produce lactate. Thus, the lactate paradox concept could not be demonstrated. High-altitude natives from the Andes actually exhibit a higher anaerobic energy production than lowlanders after 8 weeks of acclimatization reflected by an increased muscle...
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Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available List Contact us SKIP Stemcell Database Update History of This Database Date Update contents 2017/03/13 SKIP Stemcell Database... English archive site is opened. 2013/03/29 SKIP Stemcell Database ( https://www.skip.med.k...eio.ac.jp/SKIPSearch/top?lang=en ) is opened. About This Database Database Description Download License Update History of This Databa...se Site Policy | Contact Us Update History of This Database - SKIP Stemcell Database | LSDB Archive ...
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Statistics of high-altitude and high-latitude O+ ion outflows observed by Cluster/CIS
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
A. Korth
2005-07-01
Full Text Available The persistent outflows of O+ ions observed by the Cluster CIS/CODIF instrument were studied statistically in the high-altitude (from 3 up to 11 RE and high-latitude (from 70 to ~90 deg invariant latitude, ILAT polar region. The principal results are: (1 Outflowing O+ ions with more than 1keV are observed above 10 RE geocentric distance and above 85deg ILAT location; (2 at 6-8 RE geocentric distance, the latitudinal distribution of O+ ion outflow is consistent with velocity filter dispersion from a source equatorward and below the spacecraft (e.g. the cusp/cleft; (3 however, at 8-12 RE geocentric distance the distribution of O+ outflows cannot be explained by velocity filter only. The results suggest that additional energization or acceleration processes for outflowing O+ ions occur at high altitudes and high latitudes in the dayside polar region. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (Magnetospheric configuration and dynamics, Solar wind-magnetosphere interactions
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Limnology and cyanobacterial diversity of high altitude lakes of ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Limnological data of four high altitude lakes from the cold desert region of Himachal Pradesh, India, has been correlated with cyanobacterial diversity. Physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient contents of the studied lakes revealed that Sissu Lake is mesotrophic while Chandra Tal, Suraj Tal and Deepak Tal are ...
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26 CFR 26.2611-1 - Generation-skipping transfer defined.
2010-04-01
... AND GIFT TAXES GENERATION-SKIPPING TRANSFER TAX REGULATIONS UNDER THE TAX REFORM ACT OF 1986 § 26.2611... either a direct skip, a taxable distribution, or a taxable termination. See § 26.2612-1 for the definition of these terms. The determination as to whether an event is a GST is made by reference to the most...
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Oxidative DNA damage and repair in skeletal muscle of humans exposed to high-altitude hypoxia
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lundby, Carsten; Pilegaard, Henriette; van Hall, Gerrit
2003-01-01
Recent research suggests that high-altitude hypoxia may serve as a model for prolonged oxidative stress in healthy humans. In this study, we investigated the consequences of prolonged high-altitude hypoxia on the basal level of oxidative damage to nuclear DNA in muscle cells, a major oxygen-consuming...
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Novel drugs in the management of acute mountain sickness and high altitude pulmonary edema
Gaurav Sikri, Gaurav; Bhattacharya,Anirban
2015-01-01
Gaurav Sikri, Anirban Bhattacharya Department of Physiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Wanowarie, Pune, IndiaWe read with great interest the review article titled “Wilderness medicine at high altitude: recent developments in the field” by Shah et al.1 The authors have comprehensively summarized the recent advances in the field of high altitude medicine relevant to sports and travel medicine. However, Shah et al have described potential drugs for management of high-alti...
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Sub-Scale Re-entry Capsule Drop via High Altitude Balloons
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The project objective is to develop and test a sub-scale version of the Maraia Entry Capsule on a high altitude balloon. The capsule is released at 100,000 ft. The...
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High-altitude adaptation of Tibetan chicken from MT-COI and ATP-6 perspective.
Zhao, Xiaoling; Wu, Nan; Zhu, Qing; Gaur, Uma; Gu, Ting; Li, Diyan
2016-09-01
The problem of hypoxia adaptation in high altitudes is an unsolved brainteaser in the field of life sciences. As one of the best chicken breeds with adaptability to highland environment, the Tibetan chicken, is genetically different from lowland chicken breeds. In order to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of hypoxic adaptability in high altitude, in the present study, we focused on the MT-COI together with ATP-6 gene to explore the regulatory mechanisms for hypoxia adaptability in Tibet chicken. Here, we sequenced MT-COI of 29 Tibetan chickens and 30 Chinese domestic chickens and ATP-6 gene of 28 Tibetan chickens and 29 Chinese domestic chickens. In MT-COI gene, 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected though none of these was a missense mutation, confirming the fact that MT-COI gene is a largely conservative sequence. In ATP-6 gene, 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected and we found a missense mutation (m.9441G > A) in the ATP-6 gene of Tibetan chicken resulting in an amino acid substitution. Due to the critical role of ATP-6 gene in the proton translocation and energy metabolism, we speculated the possibility of this mutation playing an important role in easier energy conversion and metabolism in Tibetan chickens than Chinese domestic chickens so as to better adapt to the harsh environment of the high-altitude areas. The Median-joining profile also suggested that haplotype Ha2 has the ancestral position to the other haplotypes and has significant relationship with high-altitude adaptation in ATP-6 gene. Therefore, we considered that the polymorphism (m.9441G > A) in the ATP-6 gene may affect the specific functions of ATP-6 enzyme relating to high-altitude adaptation of Tibetan chicken and MT-COI gene is a largely conservative sequence.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000418 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available Princess ... Fetus Unknown ... -- No MRC-iPS-05|MRC5-derived iPS cells| MRC5由来iPS細胞| human ES-like R... SKIP000418 ... fetal lung fibroblast 胎児肺線維芽細胞 Unknown MRC-iPS-5 MRC-iPS-5 Princess...e.0013017 Lectin microarray analysis of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells.--DNA methylation dynamics in... human induced pluripotent stem cells over time.--Mesenchymal to embryonic incomp...lete transition of human cells by chimeric OCT4/3 (POU5F1) with physiological co-activator EWS.--Defining hy
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000390 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available lections/NIGMS/ipsc_list.aspx?PgId=696 ... 21490598 10.1038/nature09915 Modelling schizophrenia using human ... SKIP000390 ... Diseased GM23764 GM23764 ... 統合失調症 F209 Schizophrenia 181500 ... ...より人工多能性幹細胞 (iPSC) を樹立。23回継代の凍結サンプル。同一人由来のリンパ球GM01490も参照。青年期から神経性無食欲症を発症。鬱＜統合失調症。
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Flight Control of the High Altitude Wind Power System
Podgaets, A.R.; Ockels, W.J.
2007-01-01
Closed loop Laddermill flight control problem is considered in this paper. Laddermill is a high altitude kites system for energy production. The kites have been simulated as rigid bodies and the cable as a thin elastic line. Euler angles and cable speed are controls. Flight control is written as a
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Predator-prey interaction reveals local effects of high-altitude insect migration
High-altitude nocturnal insect migrations represent significant pulses of resources, yet are difficult to study and poorly understood. Predator-prey interactions, specifically migratory moth consumption by high-flying bats, potentially reveal flows of migratory insects across a landscape. In North...
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Key issues of ultraviolet radiation of OH at high altitudes
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zhang, Yuhuai; Wan, Tian; Jiang, Jianzheng; Fan, Jing [State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gasdynamics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)
2014-12-09
Ultraviolet (UV) emissions radiated by hydroxyl (OH) is one of the fundamental elements in the prediction of radiation signature of high-altitude and high-speed vehicle. In this work, the OH A{sup 2}Σ{sup +}→X{sup 2}Π ultraviolet emission band behind the bow shock is computed under the experimental condition of the second bow-shock ultraviolet flight (BSUV-2). Four related key issues are discussed, namely, the source of hydrogen element in the high-altitude atmosphere, the formation mechanism of OH species, efficient computational algorithm of trace species in rarefied flows, and accurate calculation of OH emission spectra. Firstly, by analyzing the typical atmospheric model, the vertical distributions of the number densities of different species containing hydrogen element are given. According to the different dominating species containing hydrogen element, the atmosphere is divided into three zones, and the formation mechanism of OH species is analyzed in the different zones. The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method and the Navier-Stokes equations are employed to compute the number densities of the different OH electronically and vibrationally excited states. Different to the previous work, the trace species separation (TSS) algorithm is applied twice in order to accurately calculate the densities of OH species and its excited states. Using a non-equilibrium radiation model, the OH ultraviolet emission spectra and intensity at different altitudes are computed, and good agreement is obtained with the flight measured data.
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Kim, Jaelim; Choi, Nari; Lee, Yu-Jin; An, Hyonggin; Kim, Namkug; Yoon, Ho-Kyoung; Lee, Heon-Jeong
2014-01-01
There have been several studies supporting a possible relationship between high suicide rate and high altitude. However socioeconomic status may confound this association because low socioeconomic status, which is known to be related to a high suicide rate, is also associated with living at high altitude. This study aims to explore whether the relationship between high altitude and high suicide rate remains after adjusting for socioeconomic status in South Korea. We collected demographic data...
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Ben Macdhui High Altitude Trace Gas and Aerosol Transport Experiment
CSIR Research Space (South Africa)
Piketh, SJ
1999-01-01
Full Text Available The Ben Macdhui High Altitude Aerosol and Trace Gas Transport Experiment (BHATTEX) was started to characterize the nature and magnitude of atmospheric, aerosol and trace gas transport paths recirculation over and exiting from southern Africa...
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Mahalingam, Sajeni; McClelland, Grant B; Scott, Graham R
2017-07-15
Mitochondrial function changes over time at high altitudes, but the potential benefits of these changes for hypoxia resistance remains unclear. We used high-altitude-adapted populations of deer mice, which exhibit enhanced aerobic performance in hypoxia, to examine whether changes in mitochondrial physiology or intracellular distribution in the muscle contribute to hypoxia resistance. Permeabilized muscle fibres from the gastrocnemius muscle had higher respiratory capacities in high-altitude mice than in low-altitude mice. Highlanders also had higher mitochondrial volume densities, due entirely to an enriched abundance of subsarcolemmal mitochondria, such that more mitochondria were situated near the cell membrane and adjacent to capillaries. There were several effects of hypoxia acclimation on mitochondrial function, some of which were population specific, but they differed from the evolved changes in high-altitude natives, which probably provide a better indication of adaptive traits that improve performance and hypoxia resistance at high altitudes. High-altitude natives that have evolved to live in hypoxic environments provide a compelling system to understand how animals can overcome impairments in oxygen availability. We examined whether these include changes in mitochondrial physiology or intracellular distribution that contribute to hypoxia resistance in high-altitude deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Mice from populations native to high and low altitudes were born and raised in captivity, and as adults were acclimated to normoxia or hypobaric hypoxia (equivalent to 4300 m elevation). We found that highlanders had higher respiratory capacities in the gastrocnemius (but not soleus) muscle than lowlanders (assessed using permeabilized fibres with single or multiple inputs to the electron transport system), due in large part to higher mitochondrial volume densities in the gastrocnemius. The latter was attributed to an increased abundance of subsarcolemmal
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NEURO ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY TO ACCELERATE THE HUMAN ADAPTATION TO HIGH ALTITUDE HYPOXIA
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mukhamed T. Shaov
2018-01-01
Full Text Available Abstract. The aim is to study the influence of neuro-information signals modulated by pulse hypoxia on the rhythm of cardiac contractions in low-mountain and high-mountain conditions. Methods. Heart rate was measured using the pulse oxymetry device ELOX-01M2. The impact analysis of information-wave signals was carried out with the help of the neuro-protector "Anthropotherapist", non-invasively (remotely at a distance of up to 5 meters for 5 min. /day during 10 days. The investigations were carried out in lowmountain conditions (city of Nalchik, 550 m above sea level and highlands, Mount Elbrus (site of "Garabashi", 3780 m. above sea level. Participants in the study were divided into groups: control group – 18 participants; experimental group - 18 participants. In the low-mountain and high-mountain conditions, the control group was not affected by the neuro-protector. In high-mountain conditions, the participants in the control group experienced only the effects of high-altitude hypoxia sessions. The experimental group was exposed to the neuro-information signals from the neuro-protector. High-altitude studies were carried out in the following mode: heart rate was recorded at the altitudes of Nalchik - exit to Elbrus – on the way to the site of "Garabashi" - return route to Nalchik. Results. It was found that with frequency exposure, there is a significant decrease and fluctuations in heart rate in low-mountain inhabitants. The stability of these changes in the rhythm of cardiac activity can also be seen in conditions of high-altitude hypoxia. Conclusion. Consequently, the proposed mode of frequency impact, implemented using the "Anthropotherapist" neuro-protector technology, can form a stage of adaptation to hypoxia and unfavorable climatic and environmental factors.
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Zhou, Baozhu; Li, Maoxing; Cao, Xinyuan; Zhang, Quanlong; Liu, Yantong; Ma, Qiang; Qiu, Yan; Luan, Fei; Wang, Xianmin
2016-04-01
Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia causes oxidative stress, neuronal degeneration and apoptosis that leads to memory impairment. Though oxidative stress contributes to neuronal degeneration and apoptosis in hypobaric hypoxia, the ability for phenylethanoid glycosides of Pedicularis muscicola Maxim (PhGs) to reverse high altitude memory impairment has not been studied. Rats were supplemented with PhGs orally for a week. After the fourth day of drug administration, rats were exposed to a 7500 m altitude simulation in a specially designed animal decompression chamber for 3 days. Spatial memory was assessed by the 8-arm radial maze test before and after exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Histological assessment of neuronal degeneration was performed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Changes in oxidative stress markers and changes in the expression of the apoptotic marker, caspase-3, were assessed in the hippocampus. Our results demonstrated that after exposure to hypobaric hypoxia, PhGs ameliorated high altitude memory impairment, as shown by the decreased values obtained for reference memory error (RME), working memory error (WME), and total error (TE). Meanwhile, administration of PhGs decreased hippocampal reactive oxygen species levels and consequent lipid peroxidation by elevating reduced glutathione levels and enhancing the free radical scavenging enzyme system. There was also a decrease in the number of pyknotic neurons and a reduction in caspase-3 expression in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that PhGs may be used therapeutically to ameliorate high altitude memory impairment. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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O vzniku a činnosti SKIP v letech 1968 - 1970
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Burgetová, Jarmila
2008-01-01
Roč. 17, č. 1 (2008), s. 26-28 ISSN 1210-0927 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70830501 Keywords : Association of Library and Information Professionals (SKIP)- foundation in 1968 * Association of Library and Information Professionals (SKIP) - activities in 1968-1970 Subject RIV: AF - Documentation, Librarianship, Information Studies
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Singh, M. V.; Jain, S. C.; Rawal, S. B.; Divekar, H. M.; Parshad, Rajinder; Tyagi, A. K.; Sinha, K. C.
1986-03-01
Studies were conducted on 29 male healthy subjects having no previous experience of living at high altitude. These subjects were divided into three groups, i.e., subjects treated with placebo, acetazolamide and spironolactone. These subjects were first studied in Delhi. The drug schedule was started 24 hour prior to the airlift of these subjects to an altitude of 3,500 m and was continued for 48 hour after arrival at high altitude. Total body water, extra cellular water, plasma volume, blood electrolytes, pH, pO2, pCO2 and blood viscosity were determined on 3rd and 12th day of their stay at high altitude. Total body water, extra cellular water intracellular water and plasma volume decreased on high altitude exposure. There was a further slight decrease in these compartments with acetazolamide and spironolactone. It was also observed that spironolactone drives out more water from the extracellular compartment. Loss of plasma water was also confirmed by increased plasma osmolality. Increase in arterial blood pH was noticed on hypoxic exposure but the increase was found less in acetazolamide and spironolactone cases. This decrease in pH is expected to result in better oxygen delivery to the tissues at the low oxygen tension. It was also confirmed because blood pO2 increased in both the groups. No significant change in plasma electrolytes was observed in subjects of various groups. Blood viscosity slightly increased on exposure to high altitude. The degree of rise was found less in the group treated with spironolactone. This study suggests that both the drugs are likely to be beneficial in ameliorating/prevention of AMS syndrome.
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Chen, Chung-Yu; Hou, Chien-Wen; Bernard, Jeffrey R; Chen, Chiu-Chou; Hung, Ta-Cheng; Cheng, Lu-Ling; Liao, Yi-Hung; Kuo, Chia-Hua
2014-09-01
High altitude training is a widely used strategy for improving aerobic exercise performance. Both Rhodiola crenulata (R) and Cordyceps sinensis (C) supplements have been reported to improve exercise performance. However, it is not clear whether the provision of R and C during high altitude training could further enhance aerobic endurance capacity. In this study, we examined the effect of R and C based supplementation on aerobic exercise capacity following 2-week high altitude training. Alterations to autonomic nervous system activity, circulatory hormonal, and hematological profiles were investigated. Eighteen male subjects were divided into two groups: Placebo (n=9) and R/C supplementation (RC, n=9). Both groups received either RC (R: 1400 mg+C: 600 mg per day) or the placebo during a 2-week training period at an altitude of 2200 m. After 2 weeks of altitude training, compared with Placebo group, the exhaustive run time was markedly longer (Placebo: +2.2% vs. RC: +5.7%; paltitude training (paltitude training provides greater training benefits in improving aerobic performance. This beneficial effect of RC treatment may result from better maintenance of PNS activity and accelerated physiological adaptations during high altitude training.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Klausen, K.; Rasmussen, B; Gjellerod, H.; Madsen, H.; Petersen, E.
1968-01-01
Eight volunteers were exposed to CO (13% COHb) or high altitude (3454 m). There was no change in circulation, metabolism, or ventilation during CO exposure. With similar arterial O/sub 2/ concentration from high-altitude, V/sub e/ (BTPS) increased, Pa/sub CO/sub 2// decreased. Regulating mechanisms respond to a decrease in Pa/sub CO/sub 2// rather than a gereral lack in tissue O/sub 2/ per se.
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Increase of cerebral blood flow at high altitude
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lassen, N A
1992-01-01
but rather somewhat sharpened over five days at almost 4000 meters of altitude. This, along with other evidence, shows that CBF does not in itself adapt to chronic hypoxia. Nevertheless, a decrease in CBF is seen over days at constant altitude primarily due to increase in the hematocrit. The cerebral...
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Usefulness of training camps at high altitude for well-trained adolescents
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jiří Suchý
2015-03-01
Full Text Available Objective: Opinions on the suitability of sports training at altitudes of 1800-2200 m above sea level (ASL for increasing performance in youth are not unanimous. The objective of this study was to test the influence of a ten day altitude training camp on performance in well-trained adolescent cross-country skiers. Methods: A running test of 3 × 2 km (aerobic, anaerobic and critical intensity was used with a rest interval of 10 minutes. The test was performed 4 times - an initial test at a lowland (900 m ASL prior to departure for altitude, two tests at altitude (1850 m ASL, a final test ten days after returning to lower altitudes. The aerobic, anaerobic and critical load intensities were set by graded a load test. For all individual tests, the participants maintained the same heart rate individually defined for the various segments using a heart rate monitor. Changes in speed between the tests were compared. The body's internal response was also monitored by the concentration of lactate (2 and 8 minutes after each exertion. Participants: Well-trained adolescent cross-country skiers (N = 11, age: 14.4 ± 1.2 years, weight: 54.4 ± 8.6 kg, height: 170 ± 7 cm, fat: 13 ± 2.6%. Results: The average times attained in the first altitude test for aerobic and anaerobic load were higher (p < .05 than in the entry test at low altitude. In the second altitude test the average times for all intensities were significantly (p < .05 higher than in the first altitude test. In the tests after returning to the lower altitudes the times attained for all intensities were on average higher than at altitude. The average lactate concentration levels following the various intensities were similar (p > .05. The dynamics of the cool-down monitored via the lactate value at the eighth minute after completing the relevant segment showed that at altitude the adolescents cooled down significantly (p < .05 slower rate following the aerobic and anaerobic intensity than at
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Deep Temporal Models using Identity Skip-Connections for Speech Emotion Recognition
Kim, Jaebok; Englebienne, Gwenn; Truong, Khiet P.; Evers, Vanessa
2017-01-01
Deep architectures using identity skip-connections have demonstrated groundbreaking performance in the field of image classification. Recently, empirical studies suggested that identity skip-connections enable ensemble-like behaviour of shallow networks, and that depth is not a solo ingredient for
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The STAR Data Reporting Guidelines for Clinical High Altitude Research.
Brodmann Maeder, Monika; Brugger, Hermann; Pun, Matiram; Strapazzon, Giacomo; Dal Cappello, Tomas; Maggiorini, Marco; Hackett, Peter; Bärtsch, Peter; Swenson, Erik R; Zafren, Ken
2018-03-01
Brodmann Maeder, Monika, Hermann Brugger, Matiram Pun, Giacomo Strapazzon, Tomas Dal Cappello, Marco Maggiorini, Peter Hackett, Peter Baärtsch, Erik R. Swenson, Ken Zafren (STAR Core Group), and the STAR Delphi Expert Group. The STARdata reporting guidelines for clinical high altitude research. High AltMedBiol. 19:7-14, 2018. The goal of the STAR (STrengthening Altitude Research) initiative was to produce a uniform set of key elements for research and reporting in clinical high-altitude (HA) medicine. The STAR initiative was inspired by research on treatment of cardiac arrest, in which the establishment of the Utstein Style, a uniform data reporting protocol, substantially contributed to improving data reporting and subsequently the quality of scientific evidence. The STAR core group used the Delphi method, in which a group of experts reaches a consensus over multiple rounds using a formal method. We selected experts in the field of clinical HA medicine based on their scientific credentials and identified an initial set of parameters for evaluation by the experts. Of 51 experts in HA research who were identified initially, 21 experts completed both rounds. The experts identified 42 key parameters in 5 categories (setting, individual factors, acute mountain sickness and HA cerebral edema, HA pulmonary edema, and treatment) that were considered essential for research and reporting in clinical HA research. An additional 47 supplemental parameters were identified that should be reported depending on the nature of the research. The STAR initiative, using the Delphi method, identified a set of key parameters essential for research and reporting in clinical HA medicine.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000474 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available Gideon ... Fetus Unknown ... -- No MRC-iPS-62|MRC5-derived iPS cells| MRC5由来iPS細胞| human ES-like Res... SKIP000474 ... fetal lung fibroblast 胎児肺線維芽細胞 Unknown MRC-iPS-62 MRC-iPS-62 Gideon...459.x--10.1371/journal.pgen.1002085 Lectin microarray analysis of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells.--D...NA methylation dynamics in human induced pluripotent stem cells over time. Toyoda M, Yamazaki-Inoue M, Itaku...med/21155951--http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21637780 -- Some of clones of the same original cells have been used in the papers.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000494 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available eyes Snake eyes ... Fetus Unknown ... -- No MRC-iPS-83|MRC5-derived iPS cells| MRC5由来iPS細胞| human ES-... SKIP000494 ... fetal lung fibroblast 胎児肺線維芽細胞 Unknown MRC-iPS-83 MRC-iPS-83 Snake ....2010.01459.x--10.1371/journal.pgen.1002085 Lectin microarray analysis of pluripotent and multipotent stem cell...s.--DNA methylation dynamics in human induced pluripotent stem cells over time. Toyoda M, Yamazaki-Inoue ....gov/pubmed/21155951--http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21637780 -- Some of clones of the same original cells have been used in the papers.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000498 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available y Diggity ... Fetus Unknown ... -- No MRC-iPS-86|MRC5-derived iPS cells| MRC5由来iPS細胞| human ES-like R... SKIP000498 ... fetal lung fibroblast 胎児肺線維芽細胞 Unknown MRC-iPS-86 MRC-iPS-86 Diggit...01459.x--10.1371/journal.pgen.1002085 Lectin microarray analysis of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells.-...-DNA methylation dynamics in human induced pluripotent stem cells over time. Toyoda M, Yamazaki-Inoue M, Ita...ubmed/21155951--http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21637780 -- Some of clones of the same original cells have been used in the papers.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001099 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available line derived from a neonate.(789013 KURABO)| 新生児皮膚繊維芽細胞(789013 KURABO)由来iPS細胞 human ES-like Res...ication, Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 ... Information Only Center for iPS Cell Research and Application,Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞... SKIP001099 ... Normal WT-2-#32 WT-2-#32 ... 0-9 Male ... -- No Nomal human iPS cell... Modeling type II collagenopathy skeletal dysplasia by directed conversion and in...duced pluripotent stem cells. Okada M, Ikegawa S, Morioka M, Yamashita A, Saito A, Sawai H, Murotsuki J, Oha
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000433 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available pper Gobstopper ... Fetus Unknown ... -- No MRC-iPS-21|MRC5-derived iPS cells| MRC5由来iPS細胞| human ES-... SKIP000433 ... fetal lung fibroblast 胎児肺線維芽細胞 Unknown MRC-iPS-21 MRC-iPS-21 Gobsto....2010.01459.x--10.1371/journal.pgen.1002085 Lectin microarray analysis of pluripotent and multipotent stem cell...s.--DNA methylation dynamics in human induced pluripotent stem cells over time. Toyoda M, Yamazaki-Inoue ....gov/pubmed/21155951--http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21637780 -- Some of clones of the same original cells have been used in the papers.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000478 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available g ... Fetus Unknown ... -- No MRC-iPS-66|MRC5-derived iPS cells| MRC5由来iPS細胞| human ES-like Research ... SKIP000478 ... fetal lung fibroblast 胎児肺線維芽細胞 Unknown MRC-iPS-66 MRC-iPS-66 Tug Tu...-10.1371/journal.pgen.1002085 Lectin microarray analysis of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells.--DNA met...hylation dynamics in human induced pluripotent stem cells over time. Toyoda M, Yamazaki-Inoue M, Itakura Y, ...155951--http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21637780 -- Some of clones of the same original cells have been used in the papers.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000457 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available s Jimmies ... Fetus Unknown ... -- No MRC-iPS-45|MRC5-derived iPS cells| MRC5由来iPS細胞| human ES-like R... SKIP000457 ... fetal lung fibroblast 胎児肺線維芽細胞 Unknown MRC-iPS-45 MRC-iPS-45 Jimmie...01459.x--10.1371/journal.pgen.1002085 Lectin microarray analysis of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells.-...-DNA methylation dynamics in human induced pluripotent stem cells over time. Toyoda M, Yamazaki-Inoue M, Ita...ubmed/21155951--http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21637780 -- Some of clones of the same original cells have been used in the papers.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000437 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available c ... Fetus Unknown ... -- No MRC-iPS-25|MRC5-derived iPS cells| MRC5由来iPS細胞| human ES-like Research ... SKIP000437 ... fetal lung fibroblast 胎児肺線維芽細胞 Unknown MRC-iPS-25 MRC-iPS-25 Tic Ti...-10.1371/journal.pgen.1002085 Lectin microarray analysis of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells.--DNA met...hylation dynamics in human induced pluripotent stem cells over time. Toyoda M, Yamazaki-Inoue M, Itakura Y, ...155951--http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21637780 -- Some of clones of the same original cells have been used in the papers.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000444 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available b ... Fetus Unknown ... -- No MRC-iPS-32|MRC5-derived iPS cells| MRC5由来iPS細胞| human ES-like Research ... SKIP000444 ... fetal lung fibroblast 胎児肺線維芽細胞 Unknown MRC-iPS-32 MRC-iPS-32 Bob Bo....pgen.1002085 Lectin microarray analysis of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells.--DNA methylation dynamic...s in human induced pluripotent stem cells over time. Toyoda M, Yamazaki-Inoue M, Itakura Y, Kuno A, Ogawa T,...ww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21637780 -- Some of clones of the same original cells have been used in the papers.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001098 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available line derived from a neonate.(789013 KURABO)| 新生児皮膚繊維芽細胞(789013 KURABO)由来iPS細胞 human ES-like Res...ication, Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 ... Information Only Center for iPS Cell Research and Application,Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞... SKIP001098 ... Normal WT-2-#31 WT-2-#31 ... 0-9 Male ... -- No Nomal human iPS cell... Modeling type II collagenopathy skeletal dysplasia by directed conversion and in...duced pluripotent stem cells. Okada M, Ikegawa S, Morioka M, Yamashita A, Saito A, Sawai H, Murotsuki J, Oha
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000708 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000708 ... mesenchymal stem cell 間葉系幹細胞 placenta 胎盤 Normal PL505 PL505 ... ... ... -- -- ... -- No JCRB1128 mesenchymal stem cell finite proliferation 胎盤由来間葉系幹細胞(有限増殖) fibroblast-like -- ...opment 国立成育医療研究センター研究所 ... Not Available National Institute of Biomedical Innovation. 独立行政法人医薬基盤研究所ＪＣＲＢ細胞...バンク http://cellbank.nibio.go.jp/~cellbank/cgi-bin/search_res_det.cgi?DB_NUM=1&ID=3558 ...
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001100 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available line derived from a neonate.(789013 KURABO)| 新生児皮膚繊維芽細胞(789013 KURABO)由来iPS細胞 human ES-like Res...ication, Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 ... Information Only Center for iPS Cell Research and Application,Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞... SKIP001100 ... Normal WT-2-#33 WT-2-#33 ... 0-9 Male ... -- No Nomal human iPS cell... Modeling type II collagenopathy skeletal dysplasia by directed conversion and in...duced pluripotent stem cells. Okada M, Ikegawa S, Morioka M, Yamashita A, Saito A, Sawai H, Murotsuki J, Oha
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The role of oxygen-increased respirator in humans ascending to high altitude
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Shen Guanghao
2012-08-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Acute mountain sickness (AMS is common for people who live in low altitude areas ascending to the high altitude. Many instruments have been developed to treat mild cases of AMS. However, long-lasting and portable anti-hypoxia equipment for individual is not yet available. Methods Oxygen-increased respirator (OIR has been designed to reduce the risk of acute mountain sickness in acute exposure to low air pressure. It can increase the density of oxygen by increasing total atmospheric pressure in a mask. Male subjects were screened, and eighty-eight were qualified to perform the experiments. The subjects were divided into 5 groups and were involved in some of the tests at 4 different altitudes (Group 1, 2: 3700 m; Group 3,4,5: 4000 m, 4700 m, 5380 m with and without OIR. These tests include heart rate, saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2, malondialdehyde (MDA, superoxide dismutase (SOD, blood lactate (BLA and PWC (physical work capacity -170. Results The results showed that higher SpO2, lower heart rate (except during exercise and better recovery of heart rate were observed from all the subjects ’with OIR’ compared with ’without OIR’ (P Conclusions We suggested that OIR may play a useful role in protecting people ascending to high altitude before acclimatization.
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Pathophysiology of acute mountain sickness and high altitude pulmonary oedema
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Sutton, J R; Lassen, N
1979-01-01
We review the evidence that acute mountain sickness (AMS) and high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPO) occur together more often than is realized. We hypothesize that AMS and HAPO have a common pathophysiological basis: both are due to increased pressure and flow in the microcirculation, causing...
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The paradox of extreme high-altitude migration in bar-headed geese Anser indicus
Hawkes, L. A.; Balachandran, S.; Batbayar, N.; Butler, P. J.; Chua, B.; Douglas, D. C.; Frappell, P. B.; Hou, Y.; Milsom, W. K.; Newman, S. H.; Prosser, D. J.; Sathiyaselvam, P.; Scott, G. R.; Takekawa, J. Y.; Natsagdorj, T.; Wikelski, M.; Witt, M. J.; Yan, B.; Bishop, C. M.
2013-01-01
Bar-headed geese are renowned for migratory flights at extremely high altitudes over the world's tallest mountains, the Himalayas, where partial pressure of oxygen is dramatically reduced while flight costs, in terms of rate of oxygen consumption, are greatly increased. Such a mismatch is paradoxical, and it is not clear why geese might fly higher than is absolutely necessary. In addition, direct empirical measurements of high-altitude flight are lacking. We test whether migrating bar-headed geese actually minimize flight altitude and make use of favourable winds to reduce flight costs. By tracking 91 geese, we show that these birds typically travel through the valleys of the Himalayas and not over the summits. We report maximum flight altitudes of 7290 m and 6540 m for southbound and northbound geese, respectively, but with 95 per cent of locations received from less than 5489 m. Geese travelled along a route that was 112 km longer than the great circle (shortest distance) route, with transit ground speeds suggesting that they rarely profited from tailwinds. Bar-headed geese from these eastern populations generally travel only as high as the terrain beneath them dictates and rarely in profitable winds. Nevertheless, their migration represents an enormous challenge in conditions where humans and other mammals are only able to operate at levels well below their sea-level maxima. PMID:23118436
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Increased Cardiometabolic Risk and Worsening Hypoxemia at High Altitude
Miele, Catherine H.; Schwartz, Alan R.; Gilman, Robert H.; Pham, Luu; Wise, Robert A.; Davila-Roman, Victor G.; Jun, Jonathan C.; Polotsky, Vsevolod Y.; Miranda, J. Jaime; Leon-Velarde, Fabiola; Checkley, William
2016-01-01
Miele, Catherine H., Alan R. Schwartz, Robert H. Gilman, Luu Pham, Robert A. Wise, Victor G. Davila-Roman, Jonathan C. Jun, Vsevolod Y. Polotsky, J. Jaime Miranda, Fabiola Leon-Velarde, and William Checkley. Increased cardiometabolic risk and worsening hypoxemia at high altitude. High Alt Med Biol. 17:93���100, 2016.���Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. While excessive erythrocytosis is associated...
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Perseus A High Altitude Remotely Piloted Aircraft being Towed in Flight
1994-01-01
Perseus A, a remotely piloted, high-altitude research vehicle designed by Aurora Flight Sciences Corp., takes off from Rogers Dry Lake at the Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California. The Perseus was towed into the air by a ground vehicle. At about 700 ft. the aircraft was released and the engine turned the propeller to take the plane to its desired altitude. Perseus B is a remotely piloted aircraft developed as a design-performance testbed under NASA's Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) project. Perseus is one of several flight vehicles involved in the ERAST project. A piston engine, propeller-powered aircraft, Perseus was designed and built by Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation, Manassas, Virginia. The objectives of Perseus B's ERAST flight tests have been to reach and maintain horizontal flight above altitudes of 60,000 feet and demonstrate the capability to fly missions lasting from 8 to 24 hours, depending on payload and altitude requirements. The Perseus B aircraft established an unofficial altitude record for a single-engine, propeller-driven, remotely piloted aircraft on June 27, 1998. It reached an altitude of 60,280 feet. In 1999, several modifications were made to the Perseus aircraft including engine, avionics, and flight-control-system improvements. These improvements were evaluated in a series of operational readiness and test missions at the Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California. Perseus is a high-wing monoplane with a conventional tail design. Its narrow, straight, high-aspect-ratio wing is mounted atop the fuselage. The aircraft is pusher-designed with the propeller mounted in the rear. This design allows for interchangeable scientific-instrument payloads to be placed in the forward fuselage. The design also allows for unobstructed airflow to the sensors and other devices mounted in the payload compartment. The Perseus B that underwent test and development in 1999 was the third generation of the
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Designing optimum diameter of skip shafts in mines with inclined or steep coal seams
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Durov, E.M.
1981-07-01
This paper discusses methods of increasing depth of operating shaft mines considering optimization of hoisting systems. The following solutions are analyzed: removing mined rock material to the surface, to operating horizon, to the deepest horizon, removing rock to the deepest horizon by enlarging a large diameter borehole. It is suggested that removing rock material to the surface is most economical. This solution is sometimes difficult to implement due to design of mine shafts. If a shaft is equipped with two pairs of skips, or with a pair of skips and two independent skips, one skip or a pair of skips can be removed to form free space for buckets used to hoist mined rock and coal. The bucket moves along rope shaft guides. Analysis of the optimum hoisting systems in shaft mines for coal mines with the following design capacity is carried out: 0.9, 1.2, 1.5 and 1.8 Mmt a year. The following depth of working horizons is evaluated: 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400 and 1600 m. It is assumed that coal and rock are hoisted separately. Advance rate ranges from 10 to 50 m/month. The results of analysis are shown in two tables. It is suggested that from the point of view of increasing depth of active mine shafts the following solutions are optimum: 7 m shaft with a system of three independently moving skips (two for coal, one for rock material), and 8 m shaft equipped with a pair of skips and two independent skips (one of the independently moving skips is used for rock hoisting). 4 refs.
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Klöckner, Andreas; Leitner, Martin; Schlabe, Daniel; Looye, Gertjan
2013-01-01
Solar-powered high-altitude unmanned platforms are highly optimized and integrated aircraft. In order to account for the complex, multi-physical interactions between their systems, we propose using integrated simulation models throughout the aircraft’s life cycle. Especially small teams with limited ressources should benefit from this approach. In this paper, we describe our approach to an integrated model of the Electric High-Altitude Solar-Powered Aircraft ELHASPA. It includes aspects of th...
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Isothermal pumping analysis for high-altitude tethered balloons.
Kuo, Kirsty A; Hunt, Hugh E M
2015-06-01
High-altitude tethered balloons have potential applications in communications, surveillance, meteorological observations and climate engineering. To maintain balloon buoyancy, power fuel cells and perturb atmospheric conditions, fluids could be pumped from ground level to altitude using the tether as a hose. This paper examines the pumping requirements of such a delivery system. Cases considered include delivery of hydrogen, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and powders as fluid-based slurries. Isothermal analysis is used to determine the variation of pressures and velocities along the pipe length. Results show that transport of small quantities of hydrogen to power fuel cells and maintain balloon buoyancy can be achieved at pressures and temperatures that are tolerable in terms of both the pipe strength and the current state of pumping technologies. To avoid solidification, transport of SO2 would require elevated temperatures that cannot be tolerated by the strength fibres in the pipe. While the use of particle-based slurries rather than SO2 for climate engineering can reduce the pipe size significantly, the pumping pressures are close to the maximum bursting pressure of the pipe.
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Human nutrition in cold and high terrestrial altitudes
Srivastava, K. K.; Kumar, Ratan
1992-03-01
The calorie and nutritional requirements for a man working in an alien hostile environment of cold regions and high altitude are described and compared to those of normal requirements. Carbohydrates, fats and vitamins fulfilling the caloric and nutritional requirements are generally available in adequate amounts except under conditions of appetite loss. However, the proteins and amino acids should be provided in such a way as to meet the altered behavioral and metabolic requirements. Work in extreme cold requires fulfilling enhanced calorie needs. In high mountainous regions, cold combined with hypoxia produced loss of appetite and necessitated designing of special foods.
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Kelishadi, Roya; Mozafarian, Nafiseh; Qorbani, Mostafa; Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeil; Safiri, Saeid; Ardalan, Gelayol; Keikhah, Mojtaba; Rezaei, Fatemeh; Heshmat, Ramin
2017-06-01
The present inquiry set to assess the relationship between snack consumption and meal skipping in Iranian children and adolescents. Overall, 14,880 students, aged 6-18 years, were selected via multistage cluster sampling method from rural and urban areas of 30 provinces of Iran. A validated questionnaire of food behaviors including questions on snacks consumption and taking/skipping meals was completed. Consuming and skipping meals and their related factors were reported in both crude and adjusted models. Overall, 13,486 students with a mean age of 12.47 ± 3.36 years completed the study (90.6% participation rate). Among them, 32.08, 8.89, and 10.90% skipped breakfast, lunch, and dinner, respectively. Compared to their counterpart groups, the frequency of meal skipping was higher in girls, urban inhabitants, and students in higher school grades (P Snack consumption was associated with an increased odds ratio of meal skipping in many types of snack groups. Meal skipping and snack consumption were frequent among Iranian children and adolescents. Evidence based interventions are proposed to improve the students' eating habits.
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Stembridge, Mike; Ainslie, Philip N; Shave, Rob
2015-11-01
What is the topic of this review? At high altitude, the cardiovascular system must adapt in order to meet the metabolic demand for oxygen. This review summarizes recent findings relating to short-term and life-long cardiac adaptation to high altitude in the context of exercise capacity. What advances does it highlight? Both Sherpa and lowlanders exhibit smaller left ventricular volumes at high altitude; however, myocardial relaxation, as evidenced by diastolic untwist, is reduced only in Sherpa, indicating that short-term hypoxia does not impair diastolic relaxation. Potential remodelling of systolic function, as evidenced by lower left ventricular systolic twist in Sherpa, may facilitate the requisite sea-level mechanical reserve required during exercise, although this remains to be confirmed. Both short-term and life-long high-altitude exposure challenge the cardiovascular system to meet the metabolic demand for O2 in a hypoxic environment. As the demand for O2 delivery increases during exercise, the circulatory component of oxygen transport is placed under additional stress. Acute adaptation and chronic remodelling of cardiac structure and function may occur to facilitate O2 delivery in lowlanders during sojourn to high altitude and in permanent highland residents. However, our understanding of cardiac structural and functional adaption in Sherpa remains confined to a higher maximal heart rate, lower pulmonary vascular resistance and no differences in resting cardiac output. Ventricular form and function are intrinsically linked through the left ventricular (LV) mechanics that facilitate efficient ejection, minimize myofibre stress during contraction and aid diastolic recoil. Recent examination of LV mechanics has allowed detailed insight into fundamental cardiac adaptation in high-altitude Sherpa. In this symposium report, we review recent advances in our understanding of LV function in both lowlanders and Sherpa at rest and discuss the potential consequences
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Skip cycle method with a valve-control mechanism for spark ignition engines
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Baykara, Cemal; Akin Kutlar, O.; Dogru, Baris; Arslan, Hikmet
2017-01-01
Highlights: • A normal four-stroke cycle followed by a skip cycle without gas exchange is tested. • The normal and skipped mode results are compared at equal power levels. • The throttle valve is opened wider, thereby resulting in a higher volumetric efficiency. • The pumping work during the gas exchange decreases significantly. • The fuel consumption (BSFC) is reduced by approximately 14–26% under part load conditions. - Abstract: The efficiency decrease of spark ignition (SI) engines under part-load conditions is a considerable issue. Changing the effective stroke volume based on the load level is one of the methods using to improve the part-load efficiency. In this study, a novel alternative engine valve control technique in order to perform a cycle without gas exchange (skip cycle), is examined. The goal of skip cycle strategy is to reduce the effective stroke volume of an engine under part load conditions by skipping several of the four stroke cycles by cutting off the fuel injection and simultaneously deactivating the inlet and exhaust valves. To achieve the same power level in the skip cycle, the cylinder pressure level reaches higher values compared to those in a normal four stroke cycle operation, but inherently not higher than the maximum one at full load of normal cycle. According to the experimental results, the break specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was reduced by 14–26% at a 1–3 bar break mean effective pressure (BMEP) and a 1200–1800 rpm engine speed of skip cycle operation, in comparison to normal engine operation. The significant decrease in the pumping work from the gas exchange is one of the primary factors for an increase in efficiency under part load conditions. As expected, the fuel consumption reduction rate at lower load conditions was higher. These experimental results indicate a promising potential of the skip cycle system for reducing the fuel consumption under part load conditions.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Yüksek, Levent; Özener, Orkun; Sandalcı, Tarkan
2012-01-01
Highlights: ► A cycle density variation technique called cycle-skipping was applied. ► Effect on fuel consumption and gaseous emissions was investigated. ► Fuel consumption and gaseous tail-pipe emissions improved at partial loading conditions. - Abstract: Spark ignition (SI) engines are widely used for power generation, especially in the automotive industry. SI engines have a lower thermal efficiency than diesel engines due to a lower compression ratio, higher charge-induction work and lower end of compression stroke pressure. A significant amount of charge induction work is lost when an SI engine runs under partial loading conditions. Under partial loading conditions, a lower intake charge is required, which can be theoretically achieved by varying the displacement volume or the stroke number of the engine without using a throttle. Reducing the displacement volume to control the engine load can be achieved by skipping cycles in single-cylinder engines. This study investigates the effect of cycle-skipping strategies on the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust emissions of an SI engine under partial loading conditions. Three different skipping modes were applied: normal, normal-skip and normal-normal-skip. A significant improvement in BSFC and carbon monoxide emission was obtained by applying cycle-skipping strategies.
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Aero-thermo-dynamic analysis of the Spaceliner-7.1 vehicle in high altitude flight
Zuppardi, Gennaro; Morsa, Luigi; Sippel, Martin; Schwanekamp, Tobias
2014-12-01
SpaceLiner, designed by DLR, is a visionary, extremely fast passenger transportation concept. It consists of two stages: a winged booster, a vehicle. After separation of the two stages, the booster makes a controlled re-entry and returns to the launch site. According to the current project, version 7-1 of SpaceLiner (SpaceLiner-7.1), the vehicle should be brought at an altitude of 75 km and then released, undertaking the descent path. In the perspective that the vehicle of SpaceLiner-7.1 could be brought to altitudes higher than 75 km, e.g. 100 km or above and also for a speculative purpose, in this paper the aerodynamic parameters of the SpaceLiner-7.1 vehicle are calculated in the whole transition regime, from continuum low density to free molecular flows. Computer simulations have been carried out by three codes: two DSMC codes, DS3V in the altitude interval 100-250 km for the evaluation of the global aerodynamic coefficients and DS2V at the altitude of 60 km for the evaluation of the heat flux and pressure distributions along the vehicle nose, and the DLR HOTSOSE code for the evaluation of the global aerodynamic coefficients in continuum, hypersonic flow at the altitude of 44.6 km. The effectiveness of the flaps with deflection angle of -35 deg. was evaluated in the above mentioned altitude interval. The vehicle showed longitudinal stability in the whole altitude interval even with no flap. The global bridging formulae verified to be proper for the evaluation of the aerodynamic coefficients in the altitude interval 80-100 km where the computations cannot be fulfilled either by CFD, because of the failure of the classical equations computing the transport coefficients, or by DSMC because of the requirement of very high computer resources both in terms of the core storage (a high number of simulated molecules is needed) and to the very long processing time.
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Global dose to man from proposed NNTRP high altitude nuclear tests
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Peterson, K.R.
1975-05-01
Radionuclide measurements from past high altitude nuclear testing have enabled development of a model to estimate surface deposition and doses from 400 kt of fission products injected in winter within the Pacific Test Area at altitudes in excess of 50 km. The largest 30-year average dose to man is about 10 millirem and occurs at 30 0 to 50 0 N latitude. The principal contributor to this dose is external gamma radiation from gross fission products. Individual doses from 90 Sr via the forage-cow-milk pathway and 137 Cs via the pasture-meat pathway are about 1/5 the gross fission product doses. The global 30-year population dose is 3 x 10 7 person-rem, which compares with a 30-year natural background population dose of 1 X 10 10 person-rem. Due in large part to the global distribution of population, over 98 percent of the global person-rem from the proposed high altitude tests is received in the Northern Hemisphere, while about 75 percent of the total population dose occurs within the 30 0 --50 0 N latitude belt. Detonations in summer would decrease the global dose by about a factor of three. (U.S.)
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Eye movements and word skipping during reading: Effects of word length and predictability
Rayner, Keith; Slattery, Timothy J.; Drieghe, Denis; Liversedge, Simon P.
2012-01-01
The extent to which target words were predictable from prior context was varied: half of the target words were predictable and the other half were unpredictable. In addition, the length of the target word varied: the target words were short (4–6 letters), medium (7–9 letters), or long (10–12 letters). Length and predictability both yielded strong effects on the probability of skipping the target words and on the amount of time readers fixated the target words (when they were not skipped). However, there was no interaction in any of the measures examined for either skipping or fixation time. The results demonstrate that word predictability (due to contextual constraint) and word length have strong and independent influences on word skipping and fixation durations. Furthermore, since the long words extended beyond the word identification span, the data indicate that skipping can occur on the basis of partial information in relation to word identity. PMID:21463086
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The relationship between breakfast skipping, chronotype, and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
Reutrakul, Sirimon; Hood, Megan M; Crowley, Stephanie J; Morgan, Mary K; Teodori, Marsha; Knutson, Kristen L
2014-02-01
Breakfast skipping is associated with obesity and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Later chronotypes, individuals who have a preference for later bed and wake times, often skip breakfast. The aim of the study was to explore the relationships among breakfast skipping, chronotype, and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. We collected sleep timing and 24-h dietary recall from 194 non-shift-working type 2 diabetes patients who were being followed in outpatient clinics. Mid-sleep time on free days (MSF) was used as an indicator of chronotype. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) values were obtained from medical records. Hierarchical linear regression analyses controlling for demographic, sleep, and dietary variables were computed to determine whether breakfast skipping was associated with HbA1C. Additional regression analyses were performed to test if this association was mediated by chronotype. There were 22 participants (11.3%) who self-reported missing breakfast. Breakfast skippers had significantly higher HbA1C levels, higher body mass indices (BMI), and later MSF than breakfast eaters. Breakfast skipping was significantly associated with higher HbA1C values (B = 0.108, p = 0.01), even after adjusting for age, sex, race, BMI, number of diabetes complications, insulin use, depressive symptoms, perceived sleep debt, and percentage of daily caloric intake at dinner. The relationship between breakfast skipping and HbA1C was partially mediated by chronotype. In summary, breakfast skipping is associated with a later chronotype. Later chronotype and breakfast skipping both contribute to poorer glycemic control, as indicated by higher HbA1C levels. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine whether behavioral interventions targeting breakfast eating or sleep timing may improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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[Arterial hypertension due to altitude].
Domej, Wolfgang; Trapp, Michael; Miggitsch, Eva Maria; Krakher, Tiziana; Riedlbauer, Rita; Roher, Peter; Schwaberger, Günther
2008-01-01
The behavior of blood pressure under hypoxic conditions depends on individual factors, altitude and duration of stay at altitude. While most humans are normotensive at higher altitudes, a few will react with moderate hypertension or hypotension. Excessive elevation of arterial blood pressure is not even to be expected below 4,000 m. Rather, several weeks' stay at higher altitude will decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest as well as during physical exertion. A high-altitude treatment for rehabilitation purposes at moderate altitude may be recommended for patients with cardio-circulatory disorders. Improvements can last several months even after returning to accustomed altitudes. Furthermore, endurance-trained hypertensive patients with pharmacologically controlled arterial blood pressure might be able to participate in mountain treks without additional health risk.
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Database Description - SKIP Stemcell Database | LSDB Archive [Life Science Database Archive metadata
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available List Contact us SKIP Stemcell Database Database Description General information of database Database name SKIP Stemcell Database...rsity Journal Search: Contact address http://www.skip.med.keio.ac.jp/en/contact/ Database classification Human Genes and Diseases Dat...abase classification Stemcell Article Organism Taxonomy Name: Homo sapiens Taxonomy ID: 9606 Database...ks: Original website information Database maintenance site Center for Medical Genetics, School of medicine, ...lable Web services Not available URL of Web services - Need for user registration Not available About This Database Database
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Parasympathetic neural activity accounts for the lowering of exercise heart rate at high altitude
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Boushel, Robert Christopher; Calbet, J A; Rådegran, G
2001-01-01
In chronic hypoxia, both heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (Q) are reduced during exercise. The role of parasympathetic neural activity in lowering HR is unresolved, and its influence on Q and oxygen transport at high altitude has never been studied.......In chronic hypoxia, both heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (Q) are reduced during exercise. The role of parasympathetic neural activity in lowering HR is unresolved, and its influence on Q and oxygen transport at high altitude has never been studied....
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Revsbech, Inge Grønvall
2016-01-01
The aim of this thesis is to broaden the knowledge of molecular mechanisms of adjustment in oxygen (O2) uptake, conduction, delivery and consumption in mammals adapted to extreme conditions. For this end, I have worked with animals living at high altitude as an example of environmental hypoxia...... of the repeatedly found adaptive traits in animals living at high altitude and in hibernating mammals during hibernation compared with the active state. Factors that affect O2 affinity of Hb include temperature, H+/CO2 via the Bohr effect as well as Cl- and organic phosphates, in mammals mainly 2...
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Rationale and operational plan for a U.S. high-altitude magnetic survey
Hildenbrand, Thomas G.; Acuna, Mario; Bracken, Robert E.; Hardwick, Doug; Hinze, William J.; Keller, Gordon R.; Phillips, Jeff; Roest, Walter
2002-01-01
On August 8, 2002, twenty-one scientists from the federal, private and academic sectors met at a workshop in Denver, Co., to discuss the feasibility of collecting magnetic anomaly data on a Canberra aircraft (Figure 1). The need for this 1-day workshop arose because of an exciting and cost-effective opportunity to collect invaluable magnetic anomaly data during a Canberra mission over the U.S. in 2003 and 2004. High Altitude Mapping Missions (HAMM) is currently planning a mission to collect Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) imagery at an altitude of about 15 km and with a flight-line spacing of about 18 km over the conterminous U.S. and Alaska. The additional collection of total and vector magnetic field data would represent a secondary mission objective (i.e., a "piggy-back" magnetometer system). Because HAMM would fund the main flight costs of the mission, the geomagnetic community would obtain invaluable magnetic data at a nominal cost. These unique data would provide new insights on fundamental tectonic and thermal processes and give a new view of the structural and lithologic framework of the crust and possibly the upper mantle. This document highlights: (1) the reasons to conduct this national survey and (2) a preliminary operational plan to collect high-altitude magnetic data of a desired quality and for the expected resources. Although some operational plan issues remain to be resolved, the important conclusions of the workshop are that the Canberra is a very suitable platform to measure the magnetic field and that the planned mission will result in quality high-altitude magnetic data to greatly expand the utility of our national magnetic database.
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Short-term cardiorespiratory adaptation to high altitude in children compared with adults.
Kriemler, S; Radtke, T; Bürgi, F; Lambrecht, J; Zehnder, M; Brunner-La Rocca, H P
2016-02-01
As short-term cardiorespiratory adaptation to high altitude (HA) exposure has not yet been studied in children, we assessed acute mountain sickness (AMS), hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) at rest and maximal exercise capacity (CPET) at low altitude (LA) and HA in pre-pubertal children and their fathers. Twenty father-child pairs (11 ± 1 years and 44 ± 4 years) were tested at LA (450 m) and HA (3450 m) at days 1, 2, and 3 after fast ascent (HA1/2/3). HVR was measured at rest and CPET was performed on a cycle ergometer. AMS severity was mild to moderate with no differences between generations. HVR was higher in children than adults at LA and increased at HA similarly in both groups. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) relative to body weight was similar in children and adults at LA and decreased significantly by 20% in both groups at HA; maximal heart rate did not change at HA in children while it decreased by 16% in adults (P < 0.001). Changes in HVR and VO2 peak from LA to HA were correlated among the biological child-father pairs. In conclusion, cardiorespiratory adaptation to altitude seems to be at least partly hereditary. Even though children and their fathers lose similar fractions of aerobic capacity going to high altitude, the mechanisms might be different. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Computer method to detect and correct cycle skipping on sonic logs
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Muller, D.C.
1985-01-01
A simple but effective computer method has been developed to detect cycle skipping on sonic logs and to replace cycle skips with estimates of correct traveltimes. The method can be used to correct observed traveltime pairs from the transmitter to both receivers. The basis of the method is the linearity of a plot of theoretical traveltime from the transmitter to the first receiver versus theoretical traveltime from the transmitter to the second receiver. Theoretical traveltime pairs are calculated assuming that the sonic logging tool is centered in the borehole, that the borehole diameter is constant, that the borehole fluid velocity is constant, and that the formation is homogeneous. The plot is linear for the full range of possible formation-rock velocity. Plots of observed traveltime pairs from a sonic logging tool are also linear but have a large degree of scatter due to borehole rugosity, sharp boundaries exhibiting large velocity contrasts, and system measurement uncertainties. However, this scatter can be reduced to a level that is less than scatter due to cycle skipping, so that cycle skips may be detected and discarded or replaced with estimated values of traveltime. Advantages of the method are that it can be applied in real time, that it can be used with data collected by existing tools, that it only affects data that exhibit cycle skipping and leaves other data unchanged, and that a correction trace can be generated which shows where cycle skipping occurs and the amount of correction applied. The method has been successfully tested on sonic log data taken in two holes drilled at the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada
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High altitude pulmonary edema. Report of a case with familiar history
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Velasquez, Jurg Niederbacher; Rueda Manrique, Adriana L; Sanabria Pico, Carmen E
1998-01-01
We report the case of a ten years old child, who presented a high altitude pulmonary edema. His father had the same disorder ten years ago. In addition we review the physiopathology, diagnosis and management of this disease
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Amelioration of rCBF and PbtO2 following TBI at high altitude by hyperbaric oxygen pre-conditioning.
Hu, Shengli; Li, Fei; Luo, Haishui; Xia, Yongzhi; Zhang, Jiuquan; Hu, Rong; Cui, Gaoyu; Meng, Hui; Feng, Hua
2010-03-01
Hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude can lead to brain damage and pre-conditioning with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) can reduce ischemic/hypoxic brain injury. This study investigates the effects of high altitude on traumatic brain injury (TBI) and examines the neuroprotection provided by HBO preconditioning against TBI. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: HBO pre-conditioning group (HBOP, n=10), high altitude group (HA, n=10), plain control group (PC, n=10) and plain sham operation group (sham, n=10). All groups were subjected to head trauma by weight drop device except for the sham group. Rats from each group were examined for neurological function, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and brain tissue oxygen pressure (PbtO(2)) and were killed for analysis by transmission electron microscope. The score of neurological deficits in the HA group was highest, followed by the HBOP group and the PC group, respectively. Both rCBF and PbtO(2) were the lowest in the HA group. Brain morphology and structure seen via the transmission electron microscope was diminished in the HA group, while fewer pathological injuries occurred in the HBOP and PC groups. High altitude aggravates TBI significantly and HBO pre-conditioning can attenuate TBI in rats at high altitude by improvement of rCBF and PbtO(2). Pre-treatment with HBO might be beneficial for people traveling to high altitude locations.
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Studies on radioactivities of dust samples in the air at high altitudes
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kohara, Eri; Muronoi, Naohiro
2015-01-01
The radioactivity concentrations of airborne dust samples were studied. The samples had been collected at high altitude by the Japan Air Self-Defense Force from April 2013 to March 2014. The obtained data were used for gross beta radioactivity analysis and gamma nuclide analysis. It is shown that cesium 137 was mainly detected at the 10 km and 3 km altitude of central area of Japan in several samples. Gaseous radioiodine was not detected in all the samples. Radioactive xenon was detected but the concentration did not show significant difference to the background level. (author)
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Bazo-Alvarez, J C; Quispe, R; Pillay, T D; Bernabé-Ortiz, A; Smeeth, L; Checkley, W; Gilman, R H; Málaga, G; Miranda, J J
2017-06-01
Higher haemoglobin levels and differences in glucose metabolism have been reported among high-altitude residents, which may influence the diagnostic performance of HbA 1c . This study explores the relationship between HbA 1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in populations living at sea level and at an altitude of > 3000 m. Data from 3613 Peruvian adults without a known diagnosis of diabetes from sea-level and high-altitude settings were evaluated. Linear, quadratic and cubic regression models were performed adjusting for potential confounders. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed and concordance between HbA 1c and FPG was assessed using a Kappa index. At sea level and high altitude, means were 13.5 and 16.7 g/dl (P > 0.05) for haemoglobin level; 41 and 40 mmol/mol (5.9% and 5.8%; P < 0.01) for HbA 1c ; and 5.8 and 5.1 mmol/l (105 and 91.3 mg/dl; P < 0.001) for FPG, respectively. The adjusted relationship between HbA 1c and FPG was quadratic at sea level and linear at high altitude. Adjusted models showed that, to predict an HbA 1c value of 48 mmol/mol (6.5%), the corresponding mean FPG values at sea level and high altitude were 6.6 and 14.8 mmol/l (120 and 266 mg/dl), respectively. An HbA 1c cut-off of 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) had a sensitivity for high FPG of 87.3% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 76.5 to 94.4) at sea level and 40.9% (95% CI 20.7 to 63.6) at high altitude. The relationship between HbA 1c and FPG is less clear at high altitude than at sea level. Caution is warranted when using HbA 1c to diagnose diabetes mellitus in this setting. © 2017 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Diabetes UK.
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Okumiya, Kiyohito; Sakamoto, Ryota; Ishimoto, Yasuko; Kimura, Yumi; Fukutomi, Eriko; Ishikawa, Motonao; Suwa, Kuniaki; Imai, Hissei; Chen, Wenling; Kato, Emiko; Nakatsuka, Masahiro; Kasahara, Yoriko; Fujisawa, Michiko; Wada, Taizo; Wang, Hongxin; Dai, Qingxiang; Xu, Huining; Qiao, Haisheng; Ge, Ri-Li; Norboo, Tsering; Tsering, Norboo; Kosaka, Yasuyuki; Nose, Mitsuhiro; Yamaguchi, Takayoshi; Tsukihara, Toshihiro; Ando, Kazuo; Inamura, Tetsuya; Takeda, Shinya; Ishine, Masayuki; Otsuka, Kuniaki; Matsubayashi, Kozo
2016-02-23
To clarify the association between glucose intolerance and high altitudes (2900-4800 m) in a hypoxic environment in Tibetan highlanders and to verify the hypothesis that high altitude dwelling increases vulnerability to diabetes mellitus (DM) accelerated by lifestyle change or ageing. Cross-sectional epidemiological study on Tibetan highlanders. We enrolled 1258 participants aged 40-87 years. The rural population comprised farmers in Domkhar (altitude 2900-3800 m) and nomads in Haiyan (3000-3100 m), Ryuho (4400 m) and Changthang (4300-4800 m). Urban area participants were from Leh (3300 m) and Jiegu (3700 m). Participants were classified into six glucose tolerance-based groups: DM, intermediate hyperglycaemia (IHG), normoglycaemia (NG), fasting DM, fasting IHG and fasting NG. Prevalence of glucose intolerance was compared in farmers, nomads and urban dwellers. Effects of dwelling at high altitude or hypoxia on glucose intolerance were analysed with the confounding factors of age, sex, obesity, lipids, haemoglobin, hypertension and lifestyle, using multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of DM (fasting DM)/IHG (fasting IHG) was 8.9% (6.5%)/25.1% (12.7%), respectively, in all participants. This prevalence was higher in urban dwellers (9.5% (7.1%)/28.5% (11.7%)) and in farmers (8.5% (6.1%)/28.5% (18.3%)) compared with nomads (8.2% (5.7%)/15.7% (9.7%)) (p=0.0140/0.0001). Dwelling at high altitude was significantly associated with fasting IHG+fasting DM/fasting DM (ORs for >4500 and 3500-4499 m were 3.59/4.36 and 2.07/1.76 vs intolerance. Socioeconomic factors, hypoxaemia and the effects of altitudes >3500 m play a major role in the high prevalence of glucose intolerance in highlanders. Tibetan highlanders may be vulnerable to glucose intolerance, with polycythaemia as a sign of poor hypoxic adaptation, accelerated by lifestyle change and ageing. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please
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On the High Altitude Platform (HAP W-CDMA System Capacity
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
L. de Haro-Ariet
2004-06-01
Full Text Available The performance of a downlink power control model, based on a n-thpower distance law, is evaluated for high altitude platform station(HAPS W-CDMA systems. The downlink capacity using this model iscompared with the uplink capacity. It is shown that the uplink capacityis higher than the downlink capacity.
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Oxidative DNA damage and repair in skeletal muscle of humans exposed to high-altitude hypoxia
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Lundby, Carsten; Pilegaard, Henriette; Hall, Gerrit van; Sander, Mikael; Calbet, Jose; Loft, Steffen; Moeller, Peter
2003-01-01
Recent research suggests that high-altitude hypoxia may serve as a model for prolonged oxidative stress in healthy humans. In this study, we investigated the consequences of prolonged high-altitude hypoxia on the basal level of oxidative damage to nuclear DNA in muscle cells, a major oxygen-consuming tissue. Muscle biopsies from seven healthy humans were obtained at sea level and after 2 and 8 weeks of hypoxia at 4100 m.a.s.l. We found increased levels of strand breaks and endonuclease III-sensitive sites after 2 weeks of hypoxia, whereas oxidative DNA damage detected by formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) protein was unaltered. The expression of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), determined by quantitative RT-PCR of mRNA levels did not significantly change during high-altitude hypoxia, although the data could not exclude a minor upregulation. The expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was unaltered by prolonged hypoxia, in accordance with the notion that HO-1 is an acute stress response protein. In conclusion, our data indicate high-altitude hypoxia may serve as a good model for oxidative stress and that antioxidant genes are not upregulated in muscle tissue by prolonged hypoxia despite increased generation of oxidative DNA damage
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Atmospheric Sampling of Aerosols to Stratospheric Altitudes using High Altitude Balloons
Jerde, E. A.; Thomas, E.
2010-12-01
Although carbon dioxide represents a long-lived atmospheric component relevant to global climate change, it is also understood that many additional contributors influence the overall climate of Earth. Among these, short-lived components are more difficult to incorporate into models due to uncertainties in the abundances of these both spatially and temporally. Possibly the most significant of these short-lived components falls under the heading of “black carbon” (BC). There are numerous overlapping definitions of BC, but it is basically carbonaceous in nature and light absorbing. Due to its potential as a climate forcer, an understanding of the BC population in the atmosphere is critical for modeling of radiative forcing. Prior measurements of atmospheric BC generally consist of airplane- and ground-based sampling, typically below 5000 m and restricted in time and space. Given that BC has a residence time on the order of days, short-term variability is easily missed. Further, since the radiative forcing is a result of BC distributed through the entire atmospheric column, aircraft sampling is by definition incomplete. We are in the process of planning a more comprehensive sampling of the atmosphere for BC using high-altitude balloons. Balloon-borne sampling is a highly reliable means to sample air through the entire troposphere and into the lower stratosphere. Our system will incorporate a balloon and a flight train of two modules. One module will house an atmospheric sampler. This sampler will be single-stage (samples all particle sizes together), and will place particles directly on an SEM sample stub for analysis. The nozzle depositing the sample will be offset from the center of the stub, placing the aerosol particles toward the edge. At various altitudes, the stub will be rotated 45 degrees, providing 6-8 sample “cuts” of particle populations through the atmospheric column. The flights will reach approximately 27 km altitude, above which the balloons
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Cardiovascular Effects of Altitude on Performance Athletes.
Shah, Ankit B; Coplan, Neil
Altitude plays an important role in cardiovascular performance and training for athletes. Whether it is mountaineers, skiers, or sea-level athletes trying to gain an edge by training or living at increased altitude, there are many potential benefits and harms of such endeavors. Echocardiographic studies done on athletes at increased altitude have shown evidence for right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension, but no change in left ventricular ejection fraction. In addition, 10% of athletes are susceptible to pulmonary hypertension and high-altitude pulmonary edema. Some studies suggest that echocardiography may be able to identify athletes susceptible to high-altitude pulmonary edema prior to competing or training at increased altitudes. Further research is needed on the long-term effects of altitude training, as repeated, transient episodes of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction may have long-term implications. Current literature suggests that performance athletes are not at higher risk for ventricular arrhythmias when training or competing at increased altitudes. For sea-level athletes, the optimal strategy for attaining the benefits while minimizing the harms of altitude training still needs to be clarified, although-for now-the "live high, train low" approach appears to have the most rationale.
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Carels, Robert A; Young, Kathleen M; Coit, Carissa; Clayton, Anna Marie; Spencer, Alexis; Wagner, Marissa
2008-11-01
Research suggests that specific eating patterns (e.g., eating breakfast) may be related to favorable weight status. This investigation examined the relationship between eating patterns (i.e., skipping meals; consuming alcohol) and weight loss treatment outcomes (weight loss, energy intake, energy expenditure, and duration of exercise). Fifty-four overweight or obese adults (BMI> or =27 kg/m(2)) participated in a self-help or therapist-assisted weight loss program. Daily energy intake from breakfast, lunch, dinner, and alcoholic beverages, total daily energy intake, total daily energy expenditure, physical activity, and weekly weight loss were assessed. On days that breakfast or dinner was skipped, or alcoholic beverages were not consumed, less total daily energy was consumed compared to days that breakfast, dinner, or alcoholic beverages were consumed. On days that breakfast or alcohol was consumed, daily energy expenditure (breakfast only) and duration of exercise were higher compared to days that breakfast or alcohol was not consumed. Individuals who skipped dinner or lunch more often had lower energy expenditure and exercise duration than individuals who skipped dinner or lunch less often. Individuals who consumed alcohol more often had high daily energy expenditure than individuals who consumed alcohol less often. Skipping meals or consuming alcoholic beverages was not associated with weekly weight loss. In this investigation, weight loss program participants may have compensated for excess energy intake from alcoholic beverages and meals with greater daily energy expenditure and longer exercise duration.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Daniel Radiloff
Full Text Available Rapid ascent to high altitude causes illness and fatigue, and there is a demand for effective acute treatments to alleviate such effects. We hypothesized that increased oxygen delivery to the tissue using a combination of a hypertensive agent and an endothelin receptor A antagonist drugs would limit exercise-induced fatigue at simulated high altitude. Our data showed that the combination of 0.1 mg/kg ambrisentan with either 20 mg/kg ephedrine or 10 mg/kg methylphenidate significantly improved exercise duration in rats at simulated altitude of 4,267 m, whereas the individual compounds did not. In normoxic, anesthetized rats, ephedrine alone and in combination with ambrisentan increased heart rate, peripheral blood flow, carotid and pulmonary arterial pressures, breathing rate, and vastus lateralis muscle oxygenation, but under inspired hypoxia, only the combination treatment significantly enhanced muscle oxygenation. Our results suggest that sympathomimetic agents combined with endothelin-A receptor blockers offset altitude-induced fatigue in rats by synergistically increasing the delivery rate of oxygen to hypoxic muscle by concomitantly augmenting perfusion pressure and improving capillary conductance in the skeletal muscle. Our findings might therefore serve as a basis to develop an effective treatment to prevent high-altitude illness and fatigue in humans.
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The Effect of Sex on Heart Rate Variability at High Altitude.
Boos, Christopher John; Vincent, Emma; Mellor, Adrian; O'Hara, John; Newman, Caroline; Cruttenden, Richard; Scott, Phylip; Cooke, Mark; Matu, Jamie; Woods, David Richard
2017-12-01
There is evidence suggesting that high altitude (HA) exposure leads to a fall in heart rate variability (HRV) that is linked to the development of acute mountain sickness (AMS). The effects of sex on changes in HRV at HA and its relationship to AMS are unknown. HRV (5-min single-lead ECG) was measured in 63 healthy adults (41 men and 22 women) 18-56 yr of age at sea level (SL) and during a HA trek at 3619, 4600, and 5140 m, respectively. The main effects of altitude (SL, 3619 m, 4600 m, and 5140 m) and sex (men vs women) and their potential interaction were assessed using a factorial repeated-measures ANOVA. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the ability of HRV to predict AMS. Men and women were of similar age (31.2 ± 9.3 vs 31.7 ± 7.5 yr), ethnicity, and body and mass index. There was main effect for altitude on heart rate, SD of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), number of pairs of successive NN differing by >50 ms (NN50), NN50/total number of NN, very low-frequency power, low-frequency (LF) power, high-frequency (HF) power, and total power (TP). The most consistent effect on post hoc analysis was reduction in these HRV measures between 3619 and 5140 m at HA. Heart rate was significantly lower and SDNN, RMSSD, LF power, HF power, and TP were higher in men compared with women at HA. There was no interaction between sex and altitude for any of the HRV indices measured. HRV was not predictive of AMS development. Increasing HA leads to a reduction in HRV. Significant differences between men and women emerge at HA. HRV was not predictive of AMS.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bachereau, F.; Marigo, G.; Asta, J.
1998-01-01
The field experiment was carried out in order to compare the response of a CAM plant, Sedum album L., to solar radiation at a high altitude (2 100 m) with that at a low altitude location with respect to CAM and phenolic content. Treatment sites included (1) sun-exposed, low altitude, (2) sun-exposed, high altitude with different light treatments, including UV-B and UV-B + A screening, and (3) shade at high altitude. After a 70-day treatment period, CAM-cycling and phenolic compound content were analysed, and high altitude treatments were compared to the low altitude control. The sun-exposed low altitude control was characterized by CAM-cycling and a low phenolic compound content during the experiment. In plants transplanted to the high altitude, only the shaded group maintained a CAM-cycling and a phenolic compound content similar to those of the sun-exposed low altitude control. Samples under UV-B and UV-B + A filters showed similar responses, suggesting the absence of a specific UV-A radiation effect. The screening of UV-B or UV-B + A radiation allowed plants to partially maintain a CAM-cycling and induced a decrease in phenolic compound content. These responses under UV filters were, however, intermediate between those observed in sun-exposed and shaded groups. These results demonstrate a specific effect of radiation from both visible (400–800 nm) and UV-B (280–320 nm) bands on both CAM-cycling and phenolic biosynthesis in S. album L. plants. These light-dependent effects are discussed on a physiological basis and a possible interaction between CAM-cycling and phenolic metabolism is suggested. (author)
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[Splenic infarction at high altitude, Huaraz-Peru (3,100 masl)].
López de Guimaraes, Douglas; Menacho López, Julio; Villanueva Palacios, Jovita; Mosquera Vásquez, Vitaliano
2009-01-01
We report three cases of splenic infarction in healthy men for the first time that amounted to high altitudes, observed in the hospital "Victor Ramos Guardia" Huaraz (3100 m). Case 1 (1995) of 55 years, born in Cuba, from Lima, caucasian suddenly presented acute abdominal pain in epigastrium, distension, nausea and vomiting, was laparotomized for acute abdomen and surgical pathology revealed thrombosis with splenic infarction splenic artery and vein. During follow-up in Lima, hemoglobin electrophoresis showed that it was heterozygous carrier of the sickle trait (Hb A: 57% Hb S: 38.5%). Case 2 (1998) of 23 years, born in Cuba, from Lima, Black said acute abdominal pain in left hypochondrium, shortness of breath and chest pain, clinical examination and radiography of the abdomen showed the spleen volume increased. Case 3 (2006) of 17 years, natural and from Lima, mestizo, who came on tour promotion, acute abdominal pain referred onset in the epigastrium and left hypochondrium, headache, increase heat, nausea and vomiting, pharyngitis was found acute and painful, and spleen increased in size by clinical and x-ray of abdomen simple stand. None had no history of hemoglobinopathy and anemia. In general, medical management was supportive and cases 2 and 3 are recommended hemoglobin electrophoresis. We conclude that we must think of splenic infarction associated with height in any healthy person who is first at high altitude (> 3000m) and having a sudden acute abdominal pain in epigastrium and / or left hypochondrium, pain and palpable spleen and radiological study compatible with image. In this case is indicated by hemoglobin electrophoresis to determine whether there is an individual heterozygous carrier of the sickle trait. splenic infarction, high altitude, sickle trait, Huaraz.
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Fit for high altitude: are hypoxic challenge tests useful?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Matthys Heinrich
2011-02-01
Full Text Available Abstract Altitude travel results in acute variations of barometric pressure, which induce different degrees of hypoxia, changing the gas contents in body tissues and cavities. Non ventilated air containing cavities may induce barotraumas of the lung (pneumothorax, sinuses and middle ear, with pain, vertigo and hearing loss. Commercial air planes keep their cabin pressure at an equivalent altitude of about 2,500 m. This leads to an increased respiratory drive which may also result in symptoms of emotional hyperventilation. In patients with preexisting respiratory pathology due to lung, cardiovascular, pleural, thoracic neuromuscular or obesity-related diseases (i.e. obstructive sleep apnea an additional hypoxic stress may induce respiratory pump and/or heart failure. Clinical pre-altitude assessment must be disease-specific and it includes spirometry, pulsoximetry, ECG, pulmonary and systemic hypertension assessment. In patients with abnormal values we need, in addition, measurements of hemoglobin, pH, base excess, PaO2, and PaCO2 to evaluate whether O2- and CO2-transport is sufficient. Instead of the hypoxia altitude simulation test (HAST, which is not without danger for patients with respiratory insufficiency, we prefer primarily a hyperoxic challenge. The supplementation of normobaric O2 gives us information on the acute reversibility of the arterial hypoxemia and the reduction of ventilation and pulmonary hypertension, as well as about the efficiency of the additional O2-flow needed during altitude exposure. For difficult judgements the performance of the test in a hypobaric chamber with and without supplemental O2-breathing remains the gold standard. The increasing numbers of drugs to treat acute pulmonary hypertension due to altitude exposure (acetazolamide, dexamethasone, nifedipine, sildenafil or to other etiologies (anticoagulants, prostanoids, phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists including mechanical aids to
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Fit for high altitude: are hypoxic challenge tests useful?
Matthys, Heinrich
2011-02-28
Altitude travel results in acute variations of barometric pressure, which induce different degrees of hypoxia, changing the gas contents in body tissues and cavities. Non ventilated air containing cavities may induce barotraumas of the lung (pneumothorax), sinuses and middle ear, with pain, vertigo and hearing loss. Commercial air planes keep their cabin pressure at an equivalent altitude of about 2,500 m. This leads to an increased respiratory drive which may also result in symptoms of emotional hyperventilation. In patients with preexisting respiratory pathology due to lung, cardiovascular, pleural, thoracic neuromuscular or obesity-related diseases (i.e. obstructive sleep apnea) an additional hypoxic stress may induce respiratory pump and/or heart failure. Clinical pre-altitude assessment must be disease-specific and it includes spirometry, pulsoximetry, ECG, pulmonary and systemic hypertension assessment. In patients with abnormal values we need, in addition, measurements of hemoglobin, pH, base excess, PaO2, and PaCO2 to evaluate whether O2- and CO2-transport is sufficient.Instead of the hypoxia altitude simulation test (HAST), which is not without danger for patients with respiratory insufficiency, we prefer primarily a hyperoxic challenge. The supplementation of normobaric O2 gives us information on the acute reversibility of the arterial hypoxemia and the reduction of ventilation and pulmonary hypertension, as well as about the efficiency of the additional O2-flow needed during altitude exposure. For difficult judgements the performance of the test in a hypobaric chamber with and without supplemental O2-breathing remains the gold standard. The increasing numbers of drugs to treat acute pulmonary hypertension due to altitude exposure (acetazolamide, dexamethasone, nifedipine, sildenafil) or to other etiologies (anticoagulants, prostanoids, phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists) including mechanical aids to reduce periodical or
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Prevot, A S.H.; Dommen, J; Furger, M; Graber, W K [Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland)
1999-08-01
Within the EU-Project VOTALP (Vertical Ozone Transports in the Alps), we have shown that deep alpine valleys like the Mesolcina Valley very efficiently transport air out of the polluted valley up to altitudes between 2000 and near 4000 m asl (above sea level). Pollutants emitted in these valleys are very efficiently transported up to high altitudes. (author) 2 figs., 1 tab., 2 refs.
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The effect of chronic erythrocytic polycythemia and high altitude upon plasma and blood volumes.
Burton, R. R.; Smith, A. H.
1972-01-01
Comparison of two kinds of physiological chronic erythrocytic polycythemias in order to differentiate the specific effect of erythrocytic polycythemia from the general effects of high altitude upon the plasma volume. The two kinds were produced hormonally in female chickens, at sea level, or by protracted high-altitude exposures. It appears that the vascular system of the body may account for an increase in red blood cell mass either by reduction in plasma volume, or by no change in plasma volume, resulting in differential changes in total blood volumes.
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Echigoya, Yusuke; Lim, Kenji Rowel Q; Trieu, Nhu; Bao, Bo; Miskew Nichols, Bailey; Vila, Maria Candida; Novak, James S; Hara, Yuko; Lee, Joshua; Touznik, Aleksander; Mamchaoui, Kamel; Aoki, Yoshitsugu; Takeda, Shin'ichi; Nagaraju, Kanneboyina; Mouly, Vincent; Maruyama, Rika; Duddy, William; Yokota, Toshifumi
2017-11-01
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common lethal genetic disorder, is caused by mutations in the dystrophin (DMD) gene. Exon skipping is a therapeutic approach that uses antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) to modulate splicing and restore the reading frame, leading to truncated, yet functional protein expression. In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conditionally approved the first phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (morpholino)-based AO drug, eteplirsen, developed for DMD exon 51 skipping. Eteplirsen remains controversial with insufficient evidence of its therapeutic effect in patients. We recently developed an in silico tool to design antisense morpholino sequences for exon skipping. Here, we designed morpholino AOs targeting DMD exon 51 using the in silico tool and quantitatively evaluated the effects in immortalized DMD muscle cells in vitro. To our surprise, most of the newly designed morpholinos induced exon 51 skipping more efficiently compared with the eteplirsen sequence. The efficacy of exon 51 skipping and rescue of dystrophin protein expression were increased by up to more than 12-fold and 7-fold, respectively, compared with the eteplirsen sequence. Significant in vivo efficacy of the most effective morpholino, determined in vitro, was confirmed in mice carrying the human DMD gene. These findings underscore the importance of AO sequence optimization for exon skipping. Copyright © 2017 The American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Progress Toward Meeting High Altitude Endurance Aircraft Price Goals
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
1998-01-01
...) High Altitude Endurance (HAE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) program to determine whether the average flyaway cost for the Global Hawk and DarkStar HAE alr vehicles will be within DOD's cost goal...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dorothea Kesztyüs
2017-03-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Skipping breakfast was found to be associated with abdominal obesity in primary school children. The aim of this research was to examine factors associated with skipping breakfast in primary school children in order to develop targeted preventive measures. Methods Baseline data assessment (2010 of a cluster-randomized controlled trial for the evaluation of a school-based health promotion program in primary school children in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Anthropometric measures of 1,943 primary school children aged 7.1 ± 0.6 years (51.2% boys were conducted according to ISAK-standards (International Standard for Anthropometric Assessment by trained staff. Further information on the health and living conditions of the children and their parents were assessed in parental questionnaires. Generalized linear mixed regression analysis was calculated to define correlates for skipping breakfast in terms of odds ratios (OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI. Results According to the final regression models, significant correlates of skipping breakfast can be divided into modifiable behavioral components (high consumption of soft drinks (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.81; 3.43, screen media (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.77; 3.46 and high levels of physical activity (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.44; 0.93 on the one hand, and more or less static socio-economic factors (migration background (OR 2.81, 95% CI 2.02; 3.91, single parenting (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.34; 3.40, and high family education level (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.28; 0.64 on the other hand, and finally individual factors (female gender (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.03; 1.99 and having a percentage of body fat at or above the 95th percentile (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.00; 2.17. Conclusion Targeted prevention should aim at health-related behaviors accompanying the habit of skipping breakfast. Focusing on vulnerable groups, characterized by not so easily modifiable socio-economic as well as individual factors, may improve
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000707 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available 胎盤由来間葉系幹細胞 fibroblast-like -- -- ... -- ... When the cultures reached subconfluence, the cell...evelopment 国立成育医療研究センター研究所 ... Not Available National Institute of Biomedical Innovation. 独立行政法人医薬基盤研究所ＪＣＲＢ細胞バンク http://cell... SKIP000707 ... placenta 胎盤 Normal PL504 PL504 ... -- -- ... -- No JCRB1126 mesenchymal stem cell...s were harvested with 0.25% trypsin and 1mM EDTA and replated with one-quarter of harvested cells ... 5% ... ...bank.nibio.go.jp/~cellbank/cgi-bin/search_res_det.cgi?DB_NUM=1&ID=3549 ...
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001176 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available plication (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Yamanaka Shinya 山中 伸弥 Information Only ... 18035408 10.1016/j.cell... line derived from a healthy individual dermal fibroblasts. 健常人の皮膚線維芽細胞由来のヒトiPS細胞株。 human ES-like Rese... iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Center for iPS Cell Research and Ap... SKIP001176 ... Normal 253F5 253F5 ... 36 30-39 Female ... -- No Human iPS cell....2007.11.019 Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibrob
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000287 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000287 ... mesenchymal stem cell 間葉系幹細胞 Umbilical cord blood 臍帯血 Normal UCB408E7...ot Available National Institute of Biomedical Innovation. 独立行政法人医薬基盤研究所ＪＣＲＢ細胞バンク http://cellbank.nibio.go.jp/~cell...s with transgenic HPV E7. finite proliferation 臍帯血由来間葉系幹細胞 (有限増殖) fibroblast-like -- Retr...-32 UCB408E7-32 JCRB1109 JCRB1109 ... -- -- ... -- No JCRB1109 ... Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell...bank/cgi-bin/search_res_det.cgi?DB_NUM=1&ID=3373 ... 15647378 ... Immortalization of human fetal cell
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001169 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available plication (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Yamanaka Shinya 山中 伸弥 Information Only ... 18035408 10.1016/j.cell... line derived from a healthy individual dermal fibroblasts. 健常人の皮膚線維芽細胞由来のヒトiPS細胞株。 human ES-like Rese... iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Center for iPS Cell Research and Ap... SKIP001169 ... Normal 246B4 246B4 ... 36 30-39 Female ... -- No Human iPS cell....2007.11.019 Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibrob
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000414 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available bba ... Fetus Male ... -- No MRC-iPS-01|MRC5(a 14-week male foetal lung tissue)-derived iPS cells| MRC5(14週男性胎児胚線維芽細胞）由来iPS細胞... SKIP000414 ... fetal lung fibroblast 胎児肺線維芽細胞 Unknown MRC-iPS-1 MRC-iPS-1 Bubba Bu...10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.06.016--10.1371/journal.pone.0013017 Lectin microarray analysis of pluripotent and multipotent stem cell...s.--DNA methylation dynamics in human induced pluripotent stem cell...s over time.--Mesenchymal to embryonic incomplete transition of human cells by chimeric OCT4/3 (POU5F1) w
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001173 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available plication (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Yamanaka Shinya 山中 伸弥 Information Only ... 18035408 10.1016/j.cell... line derived from a healthy individual dermal fibroblasts. 健常人の皮膚線維芽細胞由来のヒトiPS細胞株。 human ES-like Rese... iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Center for iPS Cell Research and Ap... SKIP001173 ... Normal 253F2 253F2 ... 36 30-39 Female ... -- No Human iPS cell....2007.11.019 Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibrob
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001165 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available plication (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Yamanaka Shinya 山中 伸弥 Information Only ... 18035408 10.1016/j.cell... line derived from a healthy individual dermal fibroblasts. 健常人の皮膚線維芽細胞由来のヒトiPS細胞株。 human ES-like Rese... iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Center for iPS Cell Research and Ap... SKIP001165 ... Normal 246B2 246B2 ... 36 30-39 Female ... -- No Human iPS cell....2007.11.019 Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibrob
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001168 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available plication (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Yamanaka Shinya 山中 伸弥 Information Only ... 18035408 10.1016/j.cell... line derived from a healthy individual dermal fibroblasts. 健常人の皮膚線維芽細胞由来のヒトiPS細胞株。 human ES-like Rese... iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Center for iPS Cell Research and Ap... SKIP001168 ... Normal 246B6 246B6 ... 36 30-39 Female ... -- No Human iPS cell....2007.11.019 Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibrob
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001164 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available plication (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Yamanaka Shinya 山中 伸弥 Information Only ... 18035408 10.1016/j.cell... line derived from a healthy individual dermal fibroblasts. 健常人の皮膚線維芽細胞由来のヒトiPS細胞株。 human ES-like Rese... iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Center for iPS Cell Research and Ap... SKIP001164 ... Normal 246B1 246B1 ... 36 30-39 Female ... -- No Human iPS cell....2007.11.019 Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibrob
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001166 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available plication (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Yamanaka Shinya 山中 伸弥 Information Only ... 18035408 10.1016/j.cell... line derived from a healthy individual dermal fibroblasts. 健常人の皮膚線維芽細胞由来のヒトiPS細胞株。 human ES-like Rese... iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Center for iPS Cell Research and Ap... SKIP001166 ... Normal 246B3 246B3 ... 36 30-39 Female ... -- No Human iPS cell....2007.11.019 Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibrob
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001175 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available plication (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Yamanaka Shinya 山中 伸弥 Information Only ... 18035408 10.1016/j.cell... line derived from a healthy individual dermal fibroblasts. 健常人の皮膚線維芽細胞由来のヒトiPS細胞株。 human ES-like Rese... iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Center for iPS Cell Research and Ap... SKIP001175 ... Normal 253F4 253F4 ... 36 30-39 Female ... -- No Human iPS cell....2007.11.019 Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibrob
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001167 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available plication (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Yamanaka Shinya 山中 伸弥 Information Only ... 18035408 10.1016/j.cell... line derived from a healthy individual dermal fibroblasts. 健常人の皮膚線維芽細胞由来のヒトiPS細胞株。 human ES-like Rese... iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Center for iPS Cell Research and Ap... SKIP001167 ... Normal 246B5 246B5 ... 36 30-39 Female ... -- No Human iPS cell....2007.11.019 Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibrob
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001162 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Yamanaka Shinya 山中 伸弥 Information Only ... 18035408 10.1016/j.cell... line derived from a healthy individual dermal fibroblasts. 健常人の皮膚線維芽細胞由来のヒトiPS細胞株。 human ES-like Rese...山中 伸弥 Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Center for iPS Cell... SKIP001162 ... Normal 201B3 201B3 ... 36 30-39 Female ... -- No Human iPS cell....2007.11.019 Induction of pluripotent stem cells from ad
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A statistical study of high-altitude electric fields measured on the Viking satellite
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Lindqvist, P.A.; Marklund, G.T.
1990-01-01
Characteristics of high-altitude data from the Viking electric field instrument are presented in a statistical study based on 109 Viking orbits. The study is focused in particular on the signatures of and relationships between various parameters measured by the electric field instrument, such as the parallel and transverse (to B) components of the electric field instrument, such as electric field variability. A major goal of the Viking mission was to investigate the occurrence and properties of parallel electric fields and their role in the auroral acceleration process. The results in this paper on the altitude distribution of the electric field variability confirm earlier findings on the distribution of small-scale electric fields and indicate the presence of parallel fields up to about 11,000 km altitude. The directly measured parallel electric field is also investigated in some detail. It is in general directed upward with an average value of 1 mV/m, but depends on, for example, altitude and plasma density. Possible sources of error in the measurement of the parallel field are also considered and accounted for
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Frame Filtering and Skipping for Point Cloud Data Video Transmission
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carlos Moreno
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Sensors for collecting 3D spatial data from the real world are becoming more important. They are a prime research area topic and have applications in consumer markets, such as medical, entertainment, and robotics. However, a primary concern with collecting this data is the vast amount of information being generated, and thus, needing to be processed before being transmitted. To address the issue, we propose the use of filtering methods and frame skipping. To collect the 3D spatial data, called point clouds, we used the Microsoft Kinect sensor. In addition, we utilized the Point Cloud Library to process and filter the data being generated by the Kinect. Two different computers were used: a client which collects, filters, and transmits the point clouds; and a server that receives and visualizes the point clouds. The client is also checking for similarity in consecutive frames, skipping those that reach a similarity threshold. In order to compare the filtering methods and test the effectiveness of the frame skipping technique, quality of service (QoS metrics such as frame rate and percentage of filter were introduced. These metrics indicate how well a certain combination of filtering method and frame skipping accomplishes the goal of transmitting point clouds from one location to another. We found that the pass through filter in conjunction with frame skipping provides the best relative QoS. However, results also show that there is still too much data for a satisfactory QoS. For a real-time system to provide reasonable end-to-end quality, dynamic compression and progressive transmission need to be utilized.
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Translational and regulatory challenges for exon skipping therapies.
Aartsma-Rus, Annemieke; Ferlini, Alessandra; Goemans, Nathalie; Pasmooij, Anna M G; Wells, Dominic J; Bushby, Katerine; Vroom, Elizabeth; Balabanov, Pavel
2014-10-01
Several translational challenges are currently impeding the therapeutic development of antisense-mediated exon skipping approaches for rare diseases. Some of these are inherent to developing therapies for rare diseases, such as small patient numbers and limited information on natural history and interpretation of appropriate clinical outcome measures. Others are inherent to the antisense oligonucleotide (AON)-mediated exon skipping approach, which employs small modified DNA or RNA molecules to manipulate the splicing process. This is a new approach and only limited information is available on long-term safety and toxicity for most AON chemistries. Furthermore, AONs often act in a mutation-specific manner, in which case multiple AONs have to be developed for a single disease. A workshop focusing on preclinical development, trial design, outcome measures, and different forms of marketing authorization was organized by the regulatory models and biochemical outcome measures working groups of Cooperation of Science and Technology Action: "Networking towards clinical application of antisense-mediated exon skipping for rare diseases." The workshop included participants from patient organizations, academia, and members of staff from the European Medicine Agency and Medicine Evaluation Board (the Netherlands). This statement article contains the key outcomes of this meeting.
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Targeted Exon Skipping to Address “Leaky” Mutations in the Dystrophin Gene
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sue Fletcher
2012-01-01
Full Text Available Protein-truncating mutations in the dystrophin gene lead to the progressive muscle wasting disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy, whereas in-frame deletions typically manifest as the milder allelic condition, Becker muscular dystrophy. Antisense oligomer-induced exon skipping can modify dystrophin gene expression so that a disease-associated dystrophin pre-mRNA is processed into a Becker muscular dystrophy-like mature transcript. Despite genomic deletions that may encompass hundreds of kilobases of the gene, some dystrophin mutations appear “leaky”, and low levels of high molecular weight, and presumably semi-functional, dystrophin are produced. A likely causative mechanism is endogenous exon skipping, and Duchenne individuals with higher baseline levels of dystrophin may respond more efficiently to the administration of splice-switching antisense oligomers. We optimized excision of exons 8 and 9 in normal human myoblasts, and evaluated several oligomers in cells from eight Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients with deletions in a known “leaky” region of the dystrophin gene. Inter-patient variation in response to antisense oligomer induced skipping in vitro appeared minimal. We describe oligomers targeting exon 8, that unequivocally increase dystrophin above baseline in vitro, and propose that patients with leaky mutations are ideally suited for participation in antisense oligomer mediated splice-switching clinical studies.
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2012-03-01
"With skip-stop rail transit operation, transit agencies can reduce their operating costs and fleet size, : and passengers can experience reduced in-transit travel times without extra track and technological : improvement. However, since skip-stop op...
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Mishra, C.; Madhusudan, M.D.; Datta, A.
2006-01-01
he high altitudes of Arunachal Pradesh, India, located in the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, remain zoologically unexplored and unprotected. We report results of recent mammal surveys in the high altitude habitats of western Arunachal Pradesh. A total of 35 mammal species (including 12
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Suzuki, H.; Hashidate, M. [National Aerospace Laboratory, Tokyo (Japan)
1995-11-01
An altitude of about 20 km has the atmospheric density too dilute for common aircraft, and the air resistance too great for satellites. Attention has been drawn in recent years on a high-altitude long-endurance unmanned vehicle that flies at this altitude for a long period of time to serve as a wave relaying base and perform traffic control. Therefore, a development was made on a flight simulation program to evaluate and discuss the guidance and control laws for the high-altitude unmanned vehicle. Equations of motion were derived for three-dimensional six freedom and three-dimensional three freedom. Aerodynamic characteristics of an unmanned vehicle having a Rectenna wing were estimated, and formulation was made according to the past research results on data of winds that the unmanned vehicle is anticipated to encounter at an altitude of 20 km. Noticing the inside of a horizontal plane, a proposal was given on a guidance law that follows a given path. A flight simulation was carried out to have attained a prospect that the unmanned vehicle may be enclosed in a limited space even if the vehicle is encountered with a relatively strong wind. 18 refs., 20 figs., 1 tab.
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Nike Black Brant V high altitude dynamic instability characteristics
Montag, W. H.; Walker, L. L., Jr.
1979-01-01
Flight experience on the Nike Black Brant V has demonstrated the existence of plume induced flow separation over the fins and aft body of the Black Brant V motor. Modelling of the forces associated with this phenomenon as well as analysis of the resultant vehicle coning motion and its effect on the velocity vector heading are presented. A summary of Nike Black Brant V flight experience with high altitude dynamic instability is included.
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High-Altitude Platforms — Present Situation and Technology Trends
d’Oliveira, Flavio Araripe; Melo, Francisco Cristovão Lourenço de; Devezas, Tessaleno Campos
2016-01-01
ABSTRACT High-altitude platforms (HAPs) are aircraft, usually unmanned airships or airplanes positioned above 20 km, in the stratosphere, in order to compose a telecommunications network or perform remote sensing. In the 1990 and 2000 decades, several projects were launched, but very few had continued. In 2014, 2 major Internet companies (Google and Facebook) announced investments in new HAP projects to provide Internet access in regions without communication infrastructure (terrestrial or sa...
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Brito, Julio; Siques, Patricia; López, Rosario; Romero, Raul; León-Velarde, Fabiola; Flores, Karen; Lüneburg, Nicole; Hannemann, Juliane; Böger, Rainer H
2018-01-01
Background: Living at high altitude or with chronic hypoxia implies functional and morphological changes in the right ventricle and pulmonary vasculature with a 10% prevalence of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). The implications of working intermittently (day shifts) at high altitude (hypobaric hypoxia) over the long term are still not well-defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the right cardiac circuit status along with potentially contributory metabolic variables and distinctive responses after long exposure to the latter condition. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 120 healthy miners working at an altitude of 4,400-4,800 m for over 5 years in 7-day commuting shifts was designed. Echocardiography was performed on day 2 at sea level. Additionally, biomedical and biochemical variables, Lake Louise scores (LLSs), sleep disturbances and physiological variables were measured at altitude and at sea level. Results: The population was 41.8 ± 0.7 years old, with an average of 14 ± 0.5 (range 5-29) years spent at altitude. Most subjects still suffered from mild to moderate symptoms of acute mountain sickness (mild was an LLS of 3-5 points, including cephalea; moderate was LLS of 6-10 points) (38.3%) at the end of day 1 of the shift. Echocardiography showed a 23% mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) >25 mmHg, 9% HAPH (≥30 mmHg), 85% mild increase in right ventricle wall thickness (≥5 mm), 64% mild right ventricle dilation, low pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and fairly good ventricle performance. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) (OR 8.84 (1.18-66.39); p Working intermittently at high altitude involves a distinctive pattern. The most relevant and novel characteristics are a greater prevalence of elevated mPAP and HAPH than previously reported at chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH), which is accompanied by subsequent morphological characteristics. These findings are associated with cardiometabolic factors (insulin and ADMA
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Propagation and Breaking at High Altitudes of Gravity Waves Excited by Tropospheric Forcing
Prusa, Joseph M.; Smolarkiewicz, Piotr K.; Garcia, Rolando R.
1996-01-01
An anelastic approximation is used with a time-variable coordinate transformation to formulate a two-dimensional numerical model that describes the evolution of gravity waves. The model is solved using a semi-Lagrangian method with monotone (nonoscillatory) interpolation of all advected fields. The time-variable transformation is used to generate disturbances at the lower boundary that approximate the effect of a traveling line of thunderstorms (a squall line) or of flow over a broad topographic obstacle. The vertical propagation and breaking of the gravity wave field (under conditions typical of summer solstice) is illustrated for each of these cases. It is shown that the wave field at high altitudes is dominated by a single horizontal wavelength; which is not always related simply to the horizontal dimension of the source. The morphology of wave breaking depends on the horizontal wavelength; for sufficiently short waves, breaking involves roughly one half of the wavelength. In common with other studies, it is found that the breaking waves undergo "self-acceleration," such that the zonal-mean intrinsic frequency remains approximately constant in spite of large changes in the background wind. It is also shown that many of the features obtained in the calculations can be understood in terms of linear wave theory. In particular, linear theory provides insights into the wavelength of the waves that break at high altitudes, the onset and evolution of breaking. the horizontal extent of the breaking region and its position relative to the forcing, and the minimum and maximum altitudes where breaking occurs. Wave breaking ceases at the altitude where the background dissipation rate (which in our model is a proxy for molecular diffusion) becomes greater than the rate of dissipation due to wave breaking, This altitude, in effect, the model turbopause, is shown to depend on a relatively small number of parameters that characterize the waves and the background state.
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Preventing High Altitude Cerebral Edema in Rats with Repurposed Anti-Angiogenesis Pharmacotherapy.
Tarshis, Samantha; Maltzahn, Joanne; Loomis, Zoe; Irwin, David C
2016-12-01
High altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a fulminant, deadly, and yet still unpredictable brain disease. A new prophylactic treatment for HACE and its predecessor, acute mountain sickness (AMS), needs to be developed without the contraindications or adverse effect profiles of acetazolamide and dexamethasone. Since neovascularization signals are likely key contributors to HACE/AMS, our approach was to examine already existing anti-angiogenic drugs to inhibit potential initiating HACE pathway(s). This approach can also reveal crucial early steps in the frequently debated mechanism of HACE/AMS pathogenesis. We exposed four rat cohorts to hypobaric hypoxia and one to sea level (hyperbaric) conditions. The cohorts were treated with saline controls, an anti-angiogenesis drug (motesanib), a pro-angiogenesis drug (deferoxamine), or an intraperitoneal version of the established AMS prophylaxis drug, acetazolamide (benzolamide). Brain tissue was analyzed for cerebrovascular leak using the Evans Blue Dye (EVBD) protocol. We observed significantly increased EVBD in the altitude control and pro-angiogenesis (deferoxamine) cohorts, and significantly decreased EVBD in the anti-angiogenesis (motesanib), established treatment (benzolamide), and sea-level cohorts. Anti-angiogenesis-treated cohorts demonstrated less cerebrovascular extravasation than the altitude control and pro-angiogenesis treated rats, suggesting promise as an alternative prophylactic HACE/AMS treatment. The leak exacerbation with pro-angiogenesis treatment and improvement with anti-angiogenesis treatment support the hypothesis of early neovascularization signals provoking HACE. We demonstrate statistically significant evidence to guide further investigation for VEGF- and HIF-inhibitors as HACE/AMS prophylaxis, and as elucidators of still unknown HACE pathogenesis.Tarshis S, Maltzahn J, Loomis Z, Irwin DC. Preventing high altitude cerebral edema in rats with repurposed anti-angiogenesis pharmacotherapy. Aerosp Med
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kulish, u.P.; Galkina, K.A.; Karabekova, Z.K.; Kudryavtsev, V.I.; Gudi, T.P.
1984-01-01
An attempt is made to clarify possibilities of high-altitude conditions use in clinics to restore hematological indices deteriorating as a result of antitumoral radiation or cytostatic therapy. Using conventional methods the content of hemoglobin, the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, leukocytic formula in the blood of patients have been determined. Using the method of hemocultures the ability of the blood serum to affect leukocyte migration of practically healthy people (donors) has been studied and by the method of amperometric titration the content of SH-groups in the blood is determined. In patients examined under high-altitude conditions the content of hemoglobin and the number of erythrocytes in blood increased, the level of total SH-groups of blood also grew. Blood serum of patients with the expressed lymphocytopenia instead of suppressing effect on leukocyte migration, observed under low-altitude conditions (Frunze), under high-altitude conditions attained the ability to increase leukocyte migration. The conclusion is made that high-altitude hypoxia is a positive factor in the treatment of radiation and cytostatic lymphopenias in cancer patients
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High-altitude diving in river otters: coping with combined hypoxic stresses.
Crait, Jamie R; Prange, Henry D; Marshall, Noah A; Harlow, Henry J; Cotton, Clark J; Ben-David, Merav
2012-01-15
River otters (Lontra canadensis) are highly active, semi-aquatic mammals indigenous to a range of elevations and represent an appropriate model for assessing the physiological responses to diving at altitude. In this study, we performed blood gas analyses and compared blood chemistry of river otters from a high-elevation (2357 m) population at Yellowstone Lake with a sea-level population along the Pacific coast. Comparisons of oxygen dissociation curves (ODC) revealed no significant difference in hemoglobin-oxygen (Hb-O(2)) binding affinity between the two populations - potentially because of demands for tissue oxygenation. Instead, high-elevation otters had greater Hb concentrations (18.7 g dl(-1)) than sea-level otters (15.6 g dl(-1)). Yellowstone otters displayed higher levels of the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO), and half the concentration of the serum protein albumin, possibly to compensate for increased blood viscosity. Despite compensation in several hematological and serological parameters, theoretical aerobic dive limits (ADL) were similar between high-elevation and sea-level otters because of the lower availability of O(2) at altitude. Our results suggest that recent disruptions to the Yellowstone Lake food web could be detrimental to otters because at this high elevation, constraints on diving may limit their ability to switch to prey in a deep-water environment.
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Estela-Ayamamani, David; Espinoza-Figueroa, Jossué; Columbus-Morales, Mauricio; Runzer-Colmenares, Fernando; Parodi, José F; Mayta-Tristán, Percy
2015-01-01
Living at high altitudes requires the inhabitants to adapt biologically and socially to the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the difference in physical performance (PP) in rural populations at sea level and at high altitude. A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural communities in Ancash, Peru, located at 3.345 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.) and also in communities located in coastal areas at 6m.a.s.l. PP was measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and other associated factors. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were calculated. A total of 130 older adults were assessed in the high altitude communities and 129 on the coast. The median age was 71.4 years, and 55.6% were female. Low physical performance (SPPB ≤ 6) was 10.0% at high altitude and 19.4% on the coast (p<0.05). Factors associated with low physical performance were residing at the coast (aPR: 2.10, 95% CI 1.02 to 4.33), self-reported poor health (aPR: 2.48, 95% CI 1.21 -5.08), hypertension (aPR: 1.73, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.98), and age (aPR: 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07), while being a farmer (aPR: 0.49, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.97), and being independent (aPR: 0.37, 95% CI 0,20-, 072) were found to be protective factors. It was also found that the inhabitants of the coast have a mean of 0.86 points lower total SPPB than the high altitude ones (p=0.004). There is an association between altitude of residence and PP in older adults. The prevalence of a low PP in older adults in rural areas at sea level is twice as high compared to those living in high altitude rural communities. Copyright © 2014 SEGG. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.
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Radiation Safety Issues in High Altitude Commercial Aircraft
Wilson, John W.; Cucinotta, Francis A.; Shinn, Judy L.
1995-01-01
The development of a global economy makes the outlook for high speed commercial intercontinental flight feasible, and the development of various configurations operating from 20 to 30 km have been proposed. In addition to the still unresolved issues relating to current commercial operations (12-16 km), the higher dose rates associated with the higher operating altitudes makes il imperative that the uncertainties in the atmospheric radiation environment and the associated health risks be re-examined. Atmospheric radiation associated with the galactic cosmic rays forms a background level which may, under some circumstances, exceed newly recommended allowable exposure limits proposed on the basis of recent evaluations of the A -bomb survivor data (due to increased risk coefficients). These larger risk coefficients, within the context of the methodology for estimating exposure limits, are resulting in exceedingly low estimated allowable exposure limits which may impact even present day flight operations and was the reason for the CEC workshop in Luxembourg (1990). At higher operating altitudes, solar particles events can produce exposures many orders of magnitude above background levels and pose significant health risks to the most sensitive individuals (such as during pregnancy). In this case the appropriate quality factors are undefined, and some evidence exists which indicates that the quality factor for stochastic effects is a substantial underestimate.
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Hüfner, Katharina; Brugger, Hermann; Kuster, Eva; Dünsser, Franziska; Stawinoga, Agnieszka E; Turner, Rachel; Tomazin, Iztok; Sperner-Unterweger, Barbara
2017-12-05
Psychotic episodes during exposure to very high or extreme altitude have been frequently reported in mountain literature, but not systematically analysed and acknowledged as a distinct clinical entity. Episodes reported above 3500 m altitude with possible psychosis were collected from the lay literature and provide the basis for this observational study. Dimensional criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders were used for psychosis, and the Lake Louise Scoring criteria for acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral oedema (HACE). Eighty-three of the episodes collected underwent a cluster analysis to identify similar groups. Ratings were done by two independent, trained researchers (κ values 0.6-1). Findings Cluster 1 included 51% (42/83) episodes without psychosis; cluster 2 22% (18/83) cases with psychosis, plus symptoms of HACE or mental status change from other origins; and cluster 3 28% (23/83) episodes with isolated psychosis. Possible risk factors of psychosis and associated somatic symptoms were analysed between the three clusters and revealed differences regarding the factors 'starvation' (χ2 test, p = 0.002), 'frostbite' (p = 0.024) and 'supplemental oxygen' (p = 0.046). Episodes with psychosis were reversible but associated with near accidents and accidents (p = 0.007, odds ratio 4.44). Episodes of psychosis during exposure to high altitude are frequently reported, but have not been specifically examined or assigned to medical diagnoses. In addition to the risk of suffering from somatic mountain illnesses, climbers and workers at high altitude should be aware of the potential occurrence of psychotic episodes, the associated risks and respective coping strategies.
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Juengst, Sara L; Hutchinson, Dale L; Chávez, Sergio J
2017-07-08
This study investigates the biological impacts of sedentism and agriculture on humans living in the high altitude landscape of the Titicaca Basin between 800 BCE and CE 200. The transition to agriculture in other global areas resulted in increases in disease and malnutrition; the high altitude of the Titicaca Basin could have exacerbated this. Our objective is to test whether the high altitude of the Titicaca Basin created a marginal environment for early agriculturalists living there, reflected through elevated rates of malnutrition and/or disease. To test this, we analyzed human remains excavated from seven archaeological sites on the Copacabana Peninsula for markers of diet and disease. These markers included dental caries, dental abscesses, cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, periosteal reactions, osteomyelitis, and linear enamel hypoplasia. Results showed that markers of diet did not support malnutrition or micronutrient deficiencies but instead, indicated a relatively diverse diet for all individuals. Markers of disease also did not vary significantly but were common, indicating circulation of pathogens or chronic bodily stress. We interpret these results as an indication that while diets remained nutritious, investment in the landscape exposed populations to issues of sanitation and disease. The high-altitude of the Titicaca Basin did not exacerbate the biological impacts of agriculture in terms of increased malnutrition. Additionally, disease load was likely related to problems faced by many sedentary groups as opposed to unique challenges posed by high altitude. In sum, despite the high elevation, the Titicaca Basin is not truly a marginal environment for humans. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Three plasma metabolite signatures for diagnosing high altitude pulmonary edema
Guo, Li; Tan, Guangguo; Liu, Ping; Li, Huijie; Tang, Lulu; Huang, Lan; Ren, Qian
2015-10-01
High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a potentially fatal condition, occurring at altitudes greater than 3,000 m and affecting rapidly ascending, non-acclimatized healthy individuals. However, the lack of biomarkers for this disease still constitutes a bottleneck in the clinical diagnosis. Here, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-TOF mass spectrometry was applied to study plasma metabolite profiling from 57 HAPE and 57 control subjects. 14 differential plasma metabolites responsible for the discrimination between the two groups from discovery set (35 HAPE subjects and 35 healthy controls) were identified. Furthermore, 3 of the 14 metabolites (C8-ceramide, sphingosine and glutamine) were selected as candidate diagnostic biomarkers for HAPE using metabolic pathway impact analysis. The feasibility of using the combination of these three biomarkers for HAPE was evaluated, where the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.981 and 0.942 in the discovery set and the validation set (22 HAPE subjects and 22 healthy controls), respectively. Taken together, these results suggested that this composite plasma metabolite signature may be used in HAPE diagnosis, especially after further investigation and verification with larger samples.
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Altitude Stress During Participation of Medical Congress
Kim, Soon Bae; Kim, Jong Sung; Kim, Sang Jun; Cho, Su Hee
2016-01-01
Medical congresses often held in highlands. We reviewed several medical issues associated with altitude stress especially while physicians have participated medical congress held in high altitude. Altitude stress, also known as an acute mountain sickness (AMS), is caused by acute exposure to low oxygen level at high altitude which is defined as elevations at or above 1,200 m and AMS commonly occurs above 2,500 m. Altitude stress with various symptoms including insomnia can also be experienced in airplane. AMS and drunken state share many common features in symptoms, neurologic manifestations and even show multiple microbleeds in corpus callosum and white matter on MRI. Children are more susceptible to altitude stress than adults. Gradual ascent is the best method for the prevention of altitude stress. Adequate nutrition (mainly carbohydrates) and hydration are recommended. Consumption of alcohol can exacerbate the altitude-induced impairments in judgment and the visual senses and promote psychomotor dysfunction. For prevention or treatment of altitude stress, acetazolamide, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, dexamethasone and erythropoietin are helpful. Altitude stress can be experienced relatively often during participation of medical congress. It is necessary to remind the harmful effect of AMS because it can cause serious permanent organ damage even though the symptoms are negligible in most cases. PMID:27621942
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SKIPing with Head Start Teachers: Influence of T-SKIP on Object-Control Skills
Brian, Ali; Goodway, Jacqueline D.; Logan, Jessica A.; Sutherland, Sue
2017-01-01
Purpose: Children from disadvantaged settings are at risk for delays in their object-control (OC) skills. Fundamental motor skill interventions, such as the Successful Kinesthetic Instruction for Preschoolers (SKIP) Program, are highly successful when led by motor development experts. However, few preschools employ such experts. This study…
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Ewing sarcoma of the left big toe with trans-articular skip lesion
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ahmad F. Kamal
2009-06-01
Full Text Available We report the case of the patient who had Ewing Sarcoma in whom radiological and hystopathological appearances revealed a tumor mass in the left big toe along with trans-artikular skip lesion on the left diaphysis of tibia. In Cipto Mangunkusomo Hospital since 1995 until 2004 we have found 20 Ewing sarcoma cases, but only one skip lesion Ewing sarcoma was found. The diagnosis of transarticular skip lesion in association of Ewing sarcoma was confirmed in clinicopathological conferrence. The initial evaluation of all patients included the recording of the medical history, physical examination, and hematological studies. Radiographs of the chest and the site of the primary tumor were made routinely. Systemic staging was performed with use of total-body bone scan. Ray amputation of left big toe and open biopsy from mass of mid-shaft of tibia had been done to confirm the diagnosis. The patient underwent induction chemotherapy and above knee amputation. Ten months after diagnosis, he died because of advanced-distant metastasis. (Med J Indones 2008; 18: 139-44Key words: Ewing sarcoma, trans-articular skip lesion
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Electromagnetic coupling of high-altitude, nuclear electromagnetic pulses
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Anon.
1984-01-01
We have used scale models to measure the predicted coupling of electromagnetic fields simulating the effects of high-altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulses (HEMP) on the interior surfaces of electronic components. Predictive tools for exterior coupling are adequate. For interior coupling, however, such tools are in their infancy. Our methodological approach combines analytical, computational, and laboratory techniques in a complementary way to take advantage of their separate strengths. Computer models are a promising tool, as they can be used to treat complex objects with arbitrary shapes, dielectrics, and cables, and multiple apertures. Laboratory tests can expand the domain of investigation even further
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The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Qiu, Qiang; Zhang, Guojie; Ma, Tao
2012-01-01
. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of a female domestic yak generated using Illumina-based technology at 65-fold coverage. Genomic comparisons between yak and cattle identify an expansion in yak of gene families related to sensory perception and energy metabolism, as well as an enrichment...... important implications for understanding adaptation to high altitude in other animal species and for hypoxia-related diseases in humans....
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ayano Kutsuma
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Skipping breakfast is considered to be an unhealthy eating habit linked to predispositions to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Because eating dinner late at night can elicit subsequent breakfast skipping, we investigated if skipping breakfast concomitant with late-night-dinner eating (LNDE was associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS and proteinuria in the general Japanese population. We examined self-reported habitual breakfast skipping and LNDE, MetS (modified ATP-III criteria, and proteinuria in a cross-sectional study of 60,800 Japanese adults aged 20–75 years. A total of 14,068 subjects (23.1% skipped breakfast, of whom approximately half (52.8% skipped breakfast alone (without LNDE. The percentages of subjects who skipped breakfast showed a J-shaped relationship with body mass index (BMI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that skipping breakfast concomitant with LNDE (n = 6,645 was significantly associated with MetS and proteinuria, even after adjusting for relevant confounders (odds ratio (95% CI, 1.17 (1.08–1.28, P=0.0003, and 1.37 (1.24–1.52, P<0.0001, resp.. Skipping breakfast alone and LNDE alone were not associated with MetS and proteinuria, respectively. In conclusion, habitual breakfast skipping concomitant with LNDE may represent poorer eating behavior than skipping breakfast alone, associated with MetS, asymptomatic proteinuria, obesity, and low body weight in the general Japanese population.
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Kutsuma, Ayano; Nakajima, Kei; Suwa, Kaname
2014-01-01
Skipping breakfast is considered to be an unhealthy eating habit linked to predispositions to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Because eating dinner late at night can elicit subsequent breakfast skipping, we investigated if skipping breakfast concomitant with late-night-dinner eating (LNDE) was associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and proteinuria in the general Japanese population. We examined self-reported habitual breakfast skipping and LNDE, MetS (modified ATP-III criteria), and proteinuria in a cross-sectional study of 60,800 Japanese adults aged 20-75 years. A total of 14,068 subjects (23.1%) skipped breakfast, of whom approximately half (52.8%) skipped breakfast alone (without LNDE). The percentages of subjects who skipped breakfast showed a J-shaped relationship with body mass index (BMI). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that skipping breakfast concomitant with LNDE (n = 6,645) was significantly associated with MetS and proteinuria, even after adjusting for relevant confounders (odds ratio (95% CI), 1.17 (1.08-1.28), P = 0.0003, and 1.37 (1.24-1.52), P < 0.0001, resp.). Skipping breakfast alone and LNDE alone were not associated with MetS and proteinuria, respectively. In conclusion, habitual breakfast skipping concomitant with LNDE may represent poorer eating behavior than skipping breakfast alone, associated with MetS, asymptomatic proteinuria, obesity, and low body weight in the general Japanese population.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Julio Brito
2018-03-01
Full Text Available Background: Living at high altitude or with chronic hypoxia implies functional and morphological changes in the right ventricle and pulmonary vasculature with a 10% prevalence of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH. The implications of working intermittently (day shifts at high altitude (hypobaric hypoxia over the long term are still not well-defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the right cardiac circuit status along with potentially contributory metabolic variables and distinctive responses after long exposure to the latter condition.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 120 healthy miners working at an altitude of 4,400–4,800 m for over 5 years in 7-day commuting shifts was designed. Echocardiography was performed on day 2 at sea level. Additionally, biomedical and biochemical variables, Lake Louise scores (LLSs, sleep disturbances and physiological variables were measured at altitude and at sea level.Results: The population was 41.8 ± 0.7 years old, with an average of 14 ± 0.5 (range 5–29 years spent at altitude. Most subjects still suffered from mild to moderate symptoms of acute mountain sickness (mild was an LLS of 3–5 points, including cephalea; moderate was LLS of 6–10 points (38.3% at the end of day 1 of the shift. Echocardiography showed a 23% mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP >25 mmHg, 9% HAPH (≥30 mmHg, 85% mild increase in right ventricle wall thickness (≥5 mm, 64% mild right ventricle dilation, low pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR and fairly good ventricle performance. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA (OR 8.84 (1.18–66.39; p < 0.05 and insulin (OR: 1.11 (1.02–1.20; p < 0.05 were associated with elevated mPAP and were defined as a cut-off. Interestingly, the correspondence analysis identified association patterns of several other variables (metabolic, labor, and biomedical with higher mPAP.Conclusions: Working intermittently at high altitude involves a distinctive pattern. The most relevant and
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Caravita, Sergio; Faini, Andrea; Baratto, Claudia; Bilo, Grzegorz; Macarlupu, Josè Luis; Lang, Morin; Revera, Miriam; Lombardi, Carolina; Villafuerte, Francisco C; Agostoni, Piergiuseppe; Parati, Gianfranco
2018-06-09
Acute exposure to high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia induces a blood pressure rise in hypertensive humans, both at rest and during exercise. It is unclear whether this phenomenon reflects specific blood pressure hyperreactivity or rather an upward shift of blood pressure levels. We aimed at evaluating the extent and rate of blood pressure rise during exercise in hypertensive subjects acutely exposed to high altitude, and how these alterations can be counterbalanced by antihypertensive treatment. Fifty-five subjects with mild hypertension, double-blindly randomized to placebo or to a fixed-dose combination of an angiotensin-receptor blocker (telmisartan 80 mg) and a calcium-channel blocker (nifedipine slow release 30 mg), performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test at sea level and after the first night's stay at 3260 m altitude. High-altitude exposure caused both an 8 mm Hg upward shift ( P blood pressure/oxygen consumption relationship during exercise, independent of treatment. Telmisartan/nifedipine did not modify blood pressure reactivity to exercise (blood pressure/oxygen consumption slope), but downward shifted ( P blood pressure and oxygen consumption by 26 mm Hg, both at sea level and at altitude. Muscle oxygen delivery was not influenced by altitude exposure but was higher on telmisartan/nifedipine than on placebo ( P blood pressure response to exercise. The effect of the combination of telmisartan/nifedipine slow release outweighed these changes and was associated with better muscle oxygen delivery. URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01830530. © 2018 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.
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Rupert, J L; Devine, D V; Monsalve, M V; Hochachka, P W
1999-01-01
Recently it was reported that an allelic variant of the gene encoding angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was significantly over-represented in a cohort of elite British mountaineers. It was proposed that this may be evidence for a specific genetic factor influencing the human capacity for physical performance. The implication that this allele could enhance performance at high altitude prompted us to determine its frequency in Quechua speaking natives living at altitudes greater than 3000m on the Andean Altiplano in South America. We found that the frequency of the putative performance allele in the Quechuas, although significantly higher than in Caucasians, was not different from lowland Native American populations. This observation suggests that, although the higher frequency of the 'performance allele' may have facilitated the migration of the ancestral Quechua to the highlands, the ACE insertion allele has not been subsequently selected for in this high altitude population.
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Anthropometric survey of high-altitude Bolivian porters.
Leatherman, T L; Thomas, R B; Greksa, L P; Haas, J D
1984-01-01
This paper presents the results of an anthropometric survey of 138 rural Aymaran high-altitude males who were working as porters in La Paz, Bolivia (3700 m). All subjects were measured for stature, weight, upper arm circumference, and triceps skinfolds. The body size and composition of the porters were then compared to an Aymaran rural population from the Bolivian highlands, and urban mestizo labourers from La Paz. The porters were smaller than the urban sample, but appeared to be generally representative of rural Aymaran natives with respect to body size and composition, and nutritional status. It is suggested that towards one extreme of nutritional variability, some degree of undernutrition may be indicated, which should be considered in future studies of adaptation to hypoxia among these Andean highlanders.
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Foster, K.; Garcia, A.
1972-01-01
High altitude color and multispectral black and white photography was used to survey existing vegetation and soil conditions on the Empire Ranch where large scale development will soon begin. Utilizing stereo pairs of the high altitude color photography, four vegetation classifications were discernable as a function of topography and foliage characteristics. In contrast to the undeveloped Ranch, the same photography was used to detect environmental changes in the Tucson metropolitan area as a result of rapid urbanization. The most prevalent change related to development is the removal of vegetation in high density areas to allow for housing starts. Erosion then occurs where vegetation has been removed.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001159 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available ... 0-9 Male ... -- No Human iPS cell lines derived from BJ human foreskin fibroblasts. 新生児包皮から得た線維芽細胞由来のヒトiPS細胞... SKIP001159 ... BJ Human Foreskin Fibroblasts 新生児包皮由来の線維芽細胞 Unknown 246G6 246G6 ... ... Shinya 山中 伸弥 Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Center for ...iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Yamanaka Shinya 山中 伸弥 Information On...ly ... 18035408--22146343 10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.019--10.1038/mt.2011.266 Indu
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001144 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available l line derived from a healthy individual cord blood. ... 健常人の臍帯血由来のヒトiPS細胞株。 human ES-...for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Center for iPS Cell Research and... Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Yamanaka Shinya 山中 伸弥 Available RIKEN BioResource Center ... SKIP001144 ... cord blood 臍帯血 Normal HPS0331 HPS0331 610B1 610B1 ... -- Male ... -- No Human iPS cel...理化学研究所 バイオリソースセンター ... http://www2.brc.riken.jp/lab/cell/detail.cgi?cell_no=HPS0331&
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001156 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available ... 0-9 Male ... -- No Human iPS cell lines derived from BJ human foreskin fibroblasts. 新生児包皮から得た線維芽細胞由来のヒトiPS細胞... SKIP001156 ... BJ Human Foreskin Fibroblasts 新生児包皮由来の線維芽細胞 Unknown 246G3 246G3 ... ...amanaka Shinya 山中 伸弥 Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Cent...er for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Yamanaka Shinya 山中 伸弥 Informa...tion Only ... 18035408--22146343 10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.019--10.1038/mt.2011.2
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000823 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available line, derived from fibloblast(JCRB TIG114). TIG114線維芽細胞由来iPS細胞。エピゾーマルベクターによる樹立、導入細胞には...suke Okita 沖田 圭介 Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Center for iPS ...Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Shinya Yamanaka 山中伸弥... Information Only Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 http://www.cir... SKIP000823 ... Normal 418C-1 418C-1 ... 36 30-39 Male Japanese Japanese -- No Human iPS cell
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001190 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP001190 ... blood mononuclear cell 血中単核細胞 Diseased HPS0414 HPS0414 ... 原発性側索硬化症 G...m a patient :Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). ... 原発性側索硬化症由来iPS細胞株。 human ES-like Research Grade Other Oct3/4, ...122 Primary Lateral Sclerosis ... -- -- Japanese 日本人 Yes No Disease specific iPS cell line derived fro...EN BioResource Center 理化学研究所 バイオリソースセンター ... Available RIKEN BioResource Center 理化学研究所 バイオリソースセンター ... http://www2.brc.riken.jp/lab/cell/detail.cgi?cell_no=HPS0414&type=1 ...
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001192 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP001192 ... blood mononuclear cell 血中単核細胞 Diseased HPS0429 HPS0429 CiRA00142 Ci...d from a patient :Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease . ... シャルコー·マリー·トゥース病患者由来iPS細胞株。 human ES-like Research Grade Pla...ll Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Center for iPS Cell Research and Applicati...on (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Yamanaka Shinya 山中 伸弥 Available RIKEN Bi...RA00142 シャルコー・マリー・トゥース病 G600 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 118210 ... -- -- ... Yes No iPS cell line derive
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001006 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available e AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Takara Bio Europ...e AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Available Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB http://www.clonte... SKIP001006 ... Normal ChiPSC21 ChiPSC21 Y00315 Y00315 ... 26 20-29 Male Europe...ovirus Oct4,SOX2,KLF4,c-Myc ... -- ... Negative ... Yes ... Yes ... Yes G-banding Yes ... Yes ... Takara Bio Europ...an/North African European/North African -- No Cellartis human iPS cell line 21 (ChiPSC21)|Research Gra
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001004 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available e AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Takara Bio Europ...e AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Available Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB http://www.clonte... SKIP001004 ... Normal ChiPSC12 ChiPSC12 Y00285 Y00285 ... 24 20-29 Male Europe...ovirus Oct4,SOX2,KLF4,c-Myc ... -- ... Negative ... Yes ... Yes ... Yes G-banding Yes ... Yes ... Takara Bio Europ...an/North African European/North African -- No Cellartis human iPS cell line 12 (ChiPSC12)|Research Gra
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001005 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available e AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Takara Bio Europ...e AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Available Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB http://www.clonte... SKIP001005 ... Normal ChiPSC18 ChiPSC18 Y00305 Y00305 ... 32 30-39 Male Europe...ovirus Oct4,SOX2,KLF4,c-Myc ... -- ... Negative ... Yes ... Yes ... Yes G-banding Yes ... Yes ... Takara Bio Europ...an/North African European/North African -- No Cellartis human iPS cell line 18 (ChiPSC18)|Research Gra
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001007 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available e AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Takara Bio Europ...e AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Available Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB http://www.clonte... SKIP001007 ... Normal ChiPSC22 ChiPSC22 Y00325 Y00325 ... 32 30-39 Male Europe...ovirus Oct4,SOX2,KLF4,c-Myc ... -- ... Negative ... Yes ... Yes ... Yes G-banding Yes ... Yes ... Takara Bio Europ...an/North African European/North African -- No Cellartis human iPS cell line 22 (ChiPSC22)|Research Gra
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001003 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Takara Bio Europe... AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Available Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB http://www.clontech.c... SKIP001003 ... Normal ChiPSC7 ChiPSC7 Y00275 Y00275 ... 20 20-29 Female Europe...us Oct4,SOX2,KLF4,c-Myc ... -- ... Negative ... Yes ... Yes ... Yes G-banding Yes ... Yes ... Takara Bio Europe...an/North African European/North African -- No Cellartis human iPS cell line 7 (ChiPSC7)|Research Grade
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000824 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available line, derived from fibloblast(JCRB TIG107). TIG107線維芽細胞由来iPS細胞。エピゾーマルベクターによる樹立、導入細胞...and ... No ... Keisuke Okita 沖田 圭介 Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 ...Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Shiny...a Yamanaka 山中伸弥 Information Only Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所... SKIP000824 ... Normal 421C-1 421C-1 ... 81 80-89 Female Japanese Japanese -- No Human iPS cell
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001145 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available line derived from a healthy individual peripheral blood. ... 健常人の末梢血由来のヒトiPS細胞株。 human ES-li... Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Center for iPS Cell Rese...arch and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Yamanaka Shinya 山中 伸弥 Available RIKEN BioResource... SKIP001145 ... Normal HPS0360 HPS0360 648A1 648A1 ... 30 30-39 Male ... -- No Human iPS cell... Center 理化学研究所 バイオリソースセンター ... http://www2.brc.riken.jp/lab/cell/detail.cgi?cell_no=
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000821 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available line, derived from fibloblast(Cell applications Inc. Lot1388). Lot1388線維芽細胞由来iPS細胞。エピゾーマルベクターによる樹立、導入細胞...No ... No ... Keisuke Okita 沖田 圭介 Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 ...Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Shiny...a Yamanaka 山中伸弥 Information Only Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所... SKIP000821 ... Normal 404C-2 404C-2 ... 36 30-39 Female ... -- No Human iPS cell
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000288 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000288 ... mesenchymal stem cell 間葉系幹細胞 Umbilical cord blood 臍帯血 Normal UCB408E6...d-derived mesenchymal stem cells with transgenic hTERT, HPV E6 and E7. Immortalized ... 臍帯血由来間葉系幹細胞, ... 不死化細胞株 fi...evelopment 国立成育医療研究センター研究所 ... Not Available National Institute of Biomedical Innovation. 独立行政法人医薬基盤研究所ＪＣＲＢ細胞バンク http://cell...bank.nibio.go.jp/~cellbank/cgi-bin/search_res_det.cgi?DB_NUM=1&ID...=3374 ... 15647378 ... Immortalization of human fetal cells: the life span of umbilical cord blood-derived cell
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000286 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP000286 ... mesenchymal stem cell 間葉系幹細胞 Umbilical cord blood 臍帯血 Normal UCB408E6...医療研究センター研究所 ... Not Available National Institute of Biomedical Innovation. 独立行政法人医薬基盤研究所ＪＣＲＢ細胞バンク http://cellbank.nibio.go.jp/~cell...s with transgenic HPV E6 and E7. finite proliferation 臍帯血由来間葉系幹細胞(有限増殖) fibroblast-li...E7-31 UCB408E6E7-31 JCRB1108 JCRB1108 ... -- -- ... -- No JCRB1108 ... Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell...378 ... Immortalization of human fetal cells: the life span of umbilical cord blood-derived cells can be prolon
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Modulating Calcium Signals to Boost AON Exon Skipping for DMD
2017-10-01
for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT AON-mediated exon skipping is currently advancing as therapy for DMD...9 9. Appendices…………………………………………………………… 9 1 1. INTRODUCTION AON-AON-mediated exon skipping is currently advancing as therapy for DMD...CDMD inter-group meetings, an annual retreat, and hosting and attending seminars. While not a stated objective of this grant, trainee career
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Hydrological processes in glacierized high-altitude basins of the western Himalayas
Jeelani, Ghulam; Shah, Rouf A.; Fryar, Alan E.; Deshpande, Rajendrakumar D.; Mukherjee, Abhijit; Perrin, Jerome
2018-03-01
Western Himalaya is a strategically important region, where the water resources are shared by China, India and Pakistan. The economy of the region is largely dependent on the water resources delivered by snow and glacier melt. The presented study used stable isotopes of water to further understand the basin-scale hydro-meteorological, hydrological and recharge processes in three high-altitude mountainous basins of the western Himalayas. The study provided new insights in understanding the dominant factors affecting the isotopic composition of the precipitation, snowpack, glacier melt, streams and springs. It was observed that elevation-dependent post-depositional processes and snowpack evolution resulted in the higher isotopic altitude gradient in snowpacks. The similar temporal trends of isotopic signals in rivers and karst springs reflect the rapid flow transfer due to karstification of the carbonate aquifers. The attenuation of the extreme isotopic input signal in karst springs appears to be due to the mixing of source waters with the underground karst reservoirs. Basin-wise, the input-output response demonstrates the vital role of winter precipitation in maintaining the perennial flow in streams and karst springs in the region. Isotopic data were also used to estimate the mean recharge altitude of the springs.
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Catala, L.; Ziad, A.; Fanteï-Caujolle, Y.; Crawford, S. M.; Buckley, D. A. H.; Borgnino, J.; Blary, F.; Nickola, M.; Pickering, T.
2017-05-01
With the prospect of the next generation of ground-based telescopes, the extremely large telescopes, increasingly complex and demanding adaptive optics systems are needed. This is to compensate for image distortion caused by atmospheric turbulence and fully take advantage of mirrors with diameters of 30-40 m. This requires a more precise characterization of the turbulence. The Profiler of Moon Limb (PML) was developed within this context. The PML aims to provide high-resolution altitude profiles of the turbulence using differential measurements of the Moon limb position to calculate the transverse spatio-angular covariance of the angle of arrival fluctuations. The covariance of differential image motion for different separation angles is sensitive to the altitude distribution of the seeing. The use of the continuous Moon limb provides a large number of separation angles allowing for the high-resolution altitude of the profiles. The method is presented and tested with simulated data. Moreover, a PML instrument was deployed at the Sutherland Observatory in South Africa in 2011 August. We present here the results of this measurement campaign.
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Effect of high altitude cosmic irradiation upon cell generation time
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Soleilhavoup, J.P.; Croute, F.; Tixador, R.; Blanquet, Y.; Planel, H.
1975-01-01
Paramecia cultures placed at 3800 meter altitude show a proliferating activity acceleration compared to control cultures placed at low altitude under the same environment conditions. These results confirm the cosmic irradiation influence upon the activating effect produced by the natural ionizing radiations on living organisms [fr
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Performance Analysis of Stop-Skipping Scheduling Plans in Rail Transit under Time-Dependent Demand.
Cao, Zhichao; Yuan, Zhenzhou; Zhang, Silin
2016-07-13
Stop-skipping is a key method for alleviating congestion in rail transit, where schedules are sometimes difficult to implement. Several mechanisms have been proposed and analyzed in the literature, but very few performance comparisons are available. This study formulated train choice behavior estimation into the model considering passengers' perception. If a passenger's train path can be identified, this information would be useful for improving the stop-skipping schedule service. Multi-performance is a key characteristic of our proposed five stop-skipping schedules, but quantified analysis can be used to illustrate the different effects of well-known deterministic and stochastic forms. Problems in the novel category of forms were justified in the context of a single line rather than transit network. We analyzed four deterministic forms based on the well-known A/B stop-skipping operating strategy. A stochastic form was innovatively modeled as a binary integer programming problem. We present a performance analysis of our proposed model to demonstrate that stop-skipping can feasibly be used to improve the service of passengers and enhance the elasticity of train operations under demand variations along with an explicit parametric discussion.
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Performance Analysis of Stop-Skipping Scheduling Plans in Rail Transit under Time-Dependent Demand
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zhichao Cao
2016-07-01
Full Text Available Stop-skipping is a key method for alleviating congestion in rail transit, where schedules are sometimes difficult to implement. Several mechanisms have been proposed and analyzed in the literature, but very few performance comparisons are available. This study formulated train choice behavior estimation into the model considering passengers’ perception. If a passenger’s train path can be identified, this information would be useful for improving the stop-skipping schedule service. Multi-performance is a key characteristic of our proposed five stop-skipping schedules, but quantified analysis can be used to illustrate the different effects of well-known deterministic and stochastic forms. Problems in the novel category of forms were justified in the context of a single line rather than transit network. We analyzed four deterministic forms based on the well-known A/B stop-skipping operating strategy. A stochastic form was innovatively modeled as a binary integer programming problem. We present a performance analysis of our proposed model to demonstrate that stop-skipping can feasibly be used to improve the service of passengers and enhance the elasticity of train operations under demand variations along with an explicit parametric discussion.
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High Altitude Venus Operations Concept Trajectory Design, Modeling and Simulation
Lugo, Rafael A.; Ozoroski, Thomas A.; Van Norman, John W.; Arney, Dale C.; Dec, John A.; Jones, Christopher A.; Zumwalt, Carlie H.
2015-01-01
A trajectory design and analysis that describes aerocapture, entry, descent, and inflation of manned and unmanned High Altitude Venus Operation Concept (HAVOC) lighter-than-air missions is presented. Mission motivation, concept of operations, and notional entry vehicle designs are presented. The initial trajectory design space is analyzed and discussed before investigating specific trajectories that are deemed representative of a feasible Venus mission. Under the project assumptions, while the high-mass crewed mission will require further research into aerodynamic decelerator technology, it was determined that the unmanned robotic mission is feasible using current technology.
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Interactions of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin at high altitude
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Collier, C.R. (Univ. of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles); Goldsmith, J.R.
1983-01-01
The health risks to U.S. populations who are exposed to ambient carbon monoxide and live at altitudes (such as Denver, Salt Lake City, and Albuquerque) were evaluated using a set of mathematical models. The assumption that a given increase in carboxyhemoglobin would require a more stringent volumetric air quality standard was tested. The results using the model predict that the 8-h or 1-h standards adopted for sea level condition need not be altered to protect individuals against health risks at altitude, if the standards are in volumetric terms. They would need to be reduced if the standards are left in gravimetric terms. If the guideline is to be based on a given decrement of oxygen tension, many other variables must be specified, but expected differences in ambient carbon monoxide have a small impact compared to the effect of altitude itself.
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Performance simulation in high altitude platforms (HAPs) communications systems
Ulloa-Vásquez, Fernando; Delgado-Penin, J. A.
2002-07-01
This paper considers the analysis by simulation of a digital narrowband communication system for an scenario which consists of a High-Altitude aeronautical Platform (HAP) and fixed/mobile terrestrial transceivers. The aeronautical channel is modelled considering geometrical (angle of elevation vs. horizontal distance of the terrestrial reflectors) and statistical arguments and under these circumstances a serial concatenated coded digital transmission is analysed for several hypothesis related to radio-electric coverage areas. The results indicate a good feasibility for the communication system proposed and analysed.
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High-altitude wind resources in the Middle East
Yip, Chak Man Andrew; Gunturu, Udaya; Stenchikov, Georgiy L.
2017-01-01
In the Middle East, near-surface wind resources are intermittent. However, high-altitude wind resources are abundant, persistent, and readily available and may provide alternative energy resources in this fossil-fuel-dependent region. Using wind field data from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2), this study identifies areas favorable to the deployment of airborne wind energy (AWE) systems in the Middle East and computes the optimal heights at which such systems would best operate. AWE potential is estimated using realistic AWE system specifications and assumptions about deployment scenarios and is compared with the near-surface wind generation potential with respect to diurnal and seasonal variability. The results show the potential utility of AWE in areas in the Middle East where the energy demand is high. In particular, Oman and Saudi Arabia have a high level of the potential power generation with low annual variability.
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High-altitude wind resources in the Middle East
Yip, Chak Man Andrew
2017-08-23
In the Middle East, near-surface wind resources are intermittent. However, high-altitude wind resources are abundant, persistent, and readily available and may provide alternative energy resources in this fossil-fuel-dependent region. Using wind field data from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2), this study identifies areas favorable to the deployment of airborne wind energy (AWE) systems in the Middle East and computes the optimal heights at which such systems would best operate. AWE potential is estimated using realistic AWE system specifications and assumptions about deployment scenarios and is compared with the near-surface wind generation potential with respect to diurnal and seasonal variability. The results show the potential utility of AWE in areas in the Middle East where the energy demand is high. In particular, Oman and Saudi Arabia have a high level of the potential power generation with low annual variability.
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Genetic variants in EPAS1 contribute to adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in Sherpas.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Masayuki Hanaoka
Full Text Available Sherpas comprise a population of Tibetan ancestry in the Himalayan region that is renowned for its mountaineering prowess. The very small amount of available genetic information for Sherpas is insufficient to explain their physiological ability to adapt to high-altitude hypoxia. Recent genetic evidence has indicated that natural selection on the endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1 gene was occurred in the Tibetan population during their occupation in the Tibetan Plateau for millennia. Tibetan-specific variations in EPAS1 may regulate the physiological responses to high-altitude hypoxia via a hypoxia-inducible transcription factor pathway. We examined three significant tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs13419896, rs4953354, and rs4953388 in the EPAS1 gene in Sherpas, and compared these variants with Tibetan highlanders on the Tibetan Plateau as well as with non-Sherpa lowlanders. We found that Sherpas and Tibetans on the Tibetan Plateau exhibit similar patterns in three EPAS1 significant tag SNPs, but these patterns are the reverse of those in non-Sherpa lowlanders. The three SNPs were in strong linkage in Sherpas, but in weak linkage in non-Sherpas. Importantly, the haplotype structured by the Sherpa-dominant alleles was present in Sherpas but rarely present in non-Sherpas. Surprisingly, the average level of serum erythropoietin in Sherpas at 3440 m was equal to that in non-Sherpas at 1300 m, indicating a resistant response of erythropoietin to high-altitude hypoxia in Sherpas. These observations strongly suggest that EPAS1 is under selection for adaptation to the high-altitude life of Tibetan populations, including Sherpas. Understanding of the mechanism of hypoxia tolerance in Tibetans is expected to provide lights to the therapeutic solutions of some hypoxia-related human diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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Thread-Skip: An Undefined Common Observation.
McDermott, Peter; Allan, William DE
When a screw-retained implant prosthesis is removed, a click is heard and a slight axial shift is felt, indicating the screw has been fully removed from the retaining thread. This common observation has never been described in the literature. This article describes the click, and it is proposed it be termed thread-skip.
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Moessbauer studies of hemoglobin in high altitude polycythemia
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Zhang Xiufang; Shen Linming; Chen Songsen; Ao Zhaohui; Liu Yuanyuan; Gao Naifei; Zheng Yuanming; Shong Liangquan
1990-01-01
The Moessbauer spectra have been measured in erythrocytes from normal adults and the patients with high altitude polycythemia (HAPC). The results indicated that two subspectra ''a'' and ''b'', corresponding to oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin respectively, were present in all blood samples, and a third subspectrum ''c'' was found to exist in almost all samples from the patients. The parameters of the third subspectra ''c1'' in most samples from the patients were similar to those of carbon monoxyhemoglobin. The components were considered to be the denatured hemoglobin in RBCs (red blood cells). Together with clinical analysis, a possible mechanism of HAPC has been discussed. (orig.)
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Voss, H. D.; Dailey, J. F.; Takehara, D.; Krueger, J. M.
2009-12-01
Over a seven-year period Taylor University, an undergraduate liberal art school, has successfully launched and recovered over 200 sophisticated student payloads to altitudes between 20-33 km (100% success with rapid recovery) with flight times between 2 to 6 hrs. All of the payloads included two GPS tracking systems, cameras and monitors, a 110 kbit down link, an uplink command capability for educational experiments (K-12 and undergrad). Launches were conducted during the day and night, with multiple balloons, with up to 10 payloads for experiments, and under varying weather and upper atmospheric conditions. The many launches in a short period of time allowed the payload bus design to evolve toward increased performance, reliability, standardization, simplicity, and modularity for low-cost launch services. Through NSF and NASA grants, the program has expanded leading to over 50 universities trained at workshops to implement high altitude balloon launches in the classroom. A spin-off company (StraoStar Systems LLC) now sells the high-altitude balloon system and facilitates networking between schools. This high-altitude balloon program helps to advance knowledge and understanding across disciplines by giving students and faculty rapid and low-cost access to earth/ecology remote sensing from high altitude, insitu and limb atmospheric measurements, near-space stratosphere measurements, and IR/UV/cosmic ray access to the heavens. This new capability is possible by exposing students to recent advances in MEMS technology, nanotechnology, wireless telecommunication systems, GPS, DSPs and other microchip miniaturizations to build collaboration among science faculty, and provides quantitative assessment of the learning outcomes. Furthermore this program has generated many front page news reports along with significant TV coverage because of its connection to hands-on learning for students and adults of all ages, connection to understanding climate change and ways to mitigate
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Tymko, Michael M; Tremblay, Joshua C; Hansen, Alex B; Howe, Connor A; Willie, Chris K; Stembridge, Mike; Green, Daniel J; Hoiland, Ryan L; Subedi, Prajan; Anholm, James D; Ainslie, Philip N
2017-03-01
Our objective was to quantify endothelial function (via brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation) at sea level (344 m) and high altitude (3800 m) at rest and following both maximal exercise and 30 min of moderate-intensity cycling exercise with and without administration of an α 1 -adrenergic blockade. Brachial endothelial function did not differ between sea level and high altitude at rest, nor following maximal exercise. At sea level, endothelial function decreased following 30 min of moderate-intensity exercise, and this decrease was abolished with α 1 -adrenergic blockade. At high altitude, endothelial function did not decrease immediately after 30 min of moderate-intensity exercise, and administration of α 1 -adrenergic blockade resulted in an increase in flow-mediated dilatation. Our data indicate that post-exercise endothelial function is modified at high altitude (i.e. prolonged hypoxaemia). The current study helps to elucidate the physiological mechanisms associated with high-altitude acclimatization, and provides insight into the relationship between sympathetic nervous activity and vascular endothelial function. We examined the hypotheses that (1) at rest, endothelial function would be impaired at high altitude compared to sea level, (2) endothelial function would be reduced to a greater extent at sea level compared to high altitude after maximal exercise, and (3) reductions in endothelial function following moderate-intensity exercise at both sea level and high altitude are mediated via an α 1 -adrenergic pathway. In a double-blinded, counterbalanced, randomized and placebo-controlled design, nine healthy participants performed a maximal-exercise test, and two 30 min sessions of semi-recumbent cycling exercise at 50% peak output following either placebo or α 1 -adrenergic blockade (prazosin; 0.05 mg kg -1 ). These experiments were completed at both sea-level (344 m) and high altitude (3800 m). Blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography
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Kinematic characteristics of motor patterns in rope skipping
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luiz Henrique da Silva
2009-09-01
Full Text Available Rope skipping seems to be an easy task to be performed. However, careful analysis of this motor skill shows how complex the execution of this task is. The objective of this study was to examine kinematic variables of jump patterns as a function of skipping frequency. Eight male university students performed a sequence of 30 rope jumps using two jump patterns (alternating support of the feet and simultaneous support of the feet at three skipping frequencies (1.5, 1.7,1.9 Hz. Frequencies were determined with a digital metronome and the rope was turned by the student himself. Rope jumping performance was recorded with two digital cameras for 3Danalysis. Passive markers were attached to the rope and to the ankle, knee and hip joints forcollection of the following dependent variables: continuous relative phase, time interval betweenthe loss of contact of the feet with the ground and cross of the rope under the feet of the volunteer,jump height, and rope height. ANOVA showed that for the pattern with alternating support ofthe feet the jump is executed at a lower height. In addition, analysis of the time interval revealeda delay in the withdrawal of the feet for crossing the rope in the case of the jump pattern with simultaneous support of the feet.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Eduardo Borba Neves
2017-11-01
Full Text Available The aim of this study was to investigate the Correlations between the Simulated Military Tasks Performance and Physical Fitness Tests at high altitude. This research is part of a project to modernize the physical fitness test of the Colombian Army. Data collection was performed at the 13th Battalion of Instruction and Training, located 30km south of Bogota D.C., with a temperature range from 1ºC to 23ºC during the study period, and at 3100m above sea level. The sample was composed by 60 volunteers from three different platoons. The volunteers start the data collection protocol after 2 weeks of acclimation at this altitude. The main results were the identification of a high positive correlation between the 3 Assault wall in succession and the Simulated Military Tasks performance (r = 0.764, p<0.001, and a moderate negative correlation between pull-ups and the Simulated Military Tasks performance (r = -0.535, p<0.001. It can be recommended the use of the 20-consecutive overtaking of the 3 Assault wall in succession as a good way to estimate the performance in operational tasks which involve: assault walls, network of wires, military Climbing Nets, Tarzan jump among others, at high altitude.
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van Wynsberghe, Erinn; Turak, Ayse
2016-11-01
A stable, ultra long-duration high-altitude balloon (HAB) platform which can maintain stationary position would represent a new paradigm for telecommunications and high-altitude observation and transmission services, with greatly reduced cost and complexity compared to existing technologies including satellites, telecom towers, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This contribution proposes a lightweight superpressure balloon platform for deployment to an altitude of 25 km. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) thrusters are presented to maintain position by overcoming stratospheric winds. Critical to maintaining position is a continual supply of electrical power to operate the on-board propulsion system. One viable solution is to deliver power wirelessly to a high-altitude craft from a ground-based transmitter. Microwave energy, not heavily attenuated by the atmosphere, can be provided remotely from a ground-based generator (magnetron, klystron, etc.) and steered electrically with an antenna array (phased array) at a designated frequency (such as 2.45 or 5.8 GHz). A rectifying antenna ("rectenna") on the bottom of the balloon converts waves into direct current for on-board use. Preliminary mission architecture, energy requirements, and safety concerns for a proposed system are presented along with recommended future work.
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000222 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available EN-12A HPS0029 HPS0029 ... -- Male ... -- No Human iPS cell line. ヒトiPS細胞株。臍帯由来線維芽細胞由来。 human ES-like... SKIP000222 ... Umbilical cord(Fibroblast) 臍帯（線維芽細胞） Normal HiPS-RIKEN-12A HiPS-RIK... -- Retrovirus Retroviral vector pMXs, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 ... Yes MEF (X-rays:5000R or MMC) 1-1.5x10^(6) cells/...N BRC 理化学研究所バイオリソースセンター Yukio Nakamura 中村幸夫 Available RIKEN BRC 理化学研究所バイオリソースセンター http://www2.brc.riken.jp/lab/cell/detail.cgi?cell_no=HPS0029&type=1 ...
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001194 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available SKIP001194 ... blood mononuclear cell 血中単核細胞 Diseased HPS0508 HPS0508 CiRA00161 Ci... line derived from a patient :Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease . ... シャルコー·マリー·トゥース病患者由来iPS細胞株。 huma...ya 山中 伸弥 Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Center for iPS C...ell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 Yamanaka Shiny...RA00161 シャルコー・マリー・トゥース病 G600 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 118210 ... -- -- Japanese 日本人 Yes No Disease specific iPS cell
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Stemcell Information: SKIP001001 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available F4,c-Myc ... -- ... Negative ... Yes ... Yes ... Yes G-banding Yes ... Yes ... Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパ...AB Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパ...AB Not Available Takara Bio Europe AB. タカラバイオヨーロッパAB http://www.clontech.com/JP/Support/Contact_Technical_Support?sitex=10025:22372:US ... takarabio ... SKIP001001 ... Normal P11032 P11032 Y00225 Y00225 ... 38 30-39 Female European/North African Euro...pean/North African -- No Cellartis human iPS cell line P11032|Research Grade(commer
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000219 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available l line. ヒトiPS細胞。歯髄細胞由来。 human ES-like -- Plasmid Episomal vector pCXLE, Oct3/4, Sox...Yamanaka 山中伸弥 Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University 京都大学iPS細胞研究所 ... Available RIKE... SKIP000219 ... Pulp 歯髄 Normal 454E2 454E2 HPS0077 HPS0077 ... 16 10-19 Female ... -- No Human iPS cel...2, Klf4, L-Myc, Lin28, p53 shRNA ... Yes SNL 76/7 (X-rays:5000R or MMC) 1.5-2.5x10^(6) cells/100mm dish Primate...N BRC 理化学研究所バイオリソースセンター http://www2.brc.riken.jp/lab/cell/detail.cgi?cell_no=HPS0077&type=1 ...
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Stemcell Information: SKIP000277 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available l1 retrotransposition in the neuronal genome in schizophrenia. Bundo M, Toyoshima... SKIP000277 ... Diseased KO-001-25 KO-001-25 ... 統合失調症 F209 Schizophrenia 181500 ... ... |HCV : |その他の感染症 : 梅毒 陰性（梅毒定性RPR（ラテックス比濁法）、梅毒定性TP抗体（ラテックス比濁法）|病歴・治療歴等 : 28歳時、注意力の低下、記憶障害、独語、空笑、幻聴などの精神病症状が亜急性に出現。| 精神科受診し統合失調症