Liquid-vapor equilibrium in LaCl3-LuCl3 and PrCl3-NdCl3 systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nisel'son, L.A.; Lyzlov, Yu.N.; Solov'ev, S.I.

1978-01-01

The liquid-vapour equilibrium in the systems LaCl 3 -LuCl 3 and PrCl 3 -NdCl 3 was studied by the boiling-point method. It was established that the system LaCl 3 -LuCl 3 is near-ideal. In the PrCl 3 -NdCl 3 system, a considerable positive deviation from the ideal with the formation of an azeotrope was detected. The azeotrope has a ''smeared-out'' minimum, which falls on a mixture containing approximately 65 mol.% neodymium trichloride. The boiling point of this mixture at a pressure of 1 mm Hg is approximately 975 deg C. The relative volatility coefficients in both systems were studied by the Raleigh distillation method. The presence of the azeotrope in the system PrCl 3 -NdCl 3 is confirmed by the nature of the dependence of the relative volatility coefficient on the composition of the mixture

Stimulatory effect of Coca-Cola on gastroduodenal HCO3- secretion in rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Sasaki, Y; Aihara, E; Ise, F; Kita, K; Takeuchi, K

2007-10-01

We examined the effect of various carbonated beverages, especially Coca-Cola, on the HCO3- secretion in the rat stomach and duodenum. Under urethane anaesthesia, a chambered stomach or a proximal duodenal loop was perfused with saline, and HCO3- secretion was measured at pH 7.0 using a pH-stat method and by adding 2 mM HCl. The amount of CO2 contained in these beverages was about 4-7 g/mL. Coca-Cola topically applied to the mucosa for 10 min significantly increased the HCO3- secretion in both the stomach and the duodenum. The HCO3- response in the duodenum was totally abolished by indomethacin and also partially inhibited by acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. Likewise, the response in the stomach was also markedly inhibited by either acetazolamide or indomethacin. The mucosal application of Coca-Cola increased the PGE2 contents in both the stomach and the duodenum. Other carbonated beverages, such as sparkling water, Fanta Grape or cider, also increased the HCO3- secretion in these tissues. These results suggest that Coca-Cola induces HCO3- secretion in both the stomach and the duodenum, and these responses may be attributable to both the intracellular supply of HCO3- generated via carbonic anhydrase, and endogenous PGs, probably related to the acidic pH of the solution.

p-aminohippurate transport in the airways: Role of Na sup + and HCO sub 3 -

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cloutier, M.M. (Univ. of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington (USA))

1989-12-01

The role of Na{sup +} and HCO{sub 3}- in the transport of p-aminohippurate (PAH) across the canine tracheal epithelium was investigated using Ussing chamber techniques and radiolabeled PAH. Under control conditions, net PAH absorption or a tendency toward net PAH absorption was observed. Neither amiloride (10(-4) M), furosemide (10(-3) M), ouabain (2 x 10(-4) M), nor Na+ substitution of the Ringer solution with choline had any effect on unidirectional PAH fluxes. When the Ringer solution was replaced with a HCO{sub 3}(-)-free solution, net PAH absorption was consistently observed. In HCO{sub 3}(-)-free experiments, unidirectional PAH absorptive fluxes were inhibited by mucosal addition of either of the stilbene derivatives, 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS, 10(-4) M) or 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS, 10(-4) M). DIDS was more effective than SITS and was also effective in inhibiting PAH absorption in tissues bathed in Ringer solution. Submucosal DIDS or SITS had no effect on PAH fluxes either in HCO{sub 3}(-)-free or Ringer experiments. We conclude that PAH transport in canine tracheal epithelium occurs by a HCO{sub 3}(-)-PAH exchange process located on the luminal membrane. PAH transport is not Na{sup +} dependent but is inhibited by both DIDS and SITS.

Influence of NaCl and NaHCO/sub 3/ on reduction of phytic acid in red kidney bean

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shahnawaz, M.; Khan, T.U.

2007-01-01

Influence of sodium chloride (NaCI) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO/sub 3/) was studied on phytic acid in Red kidney bean (phaseolus sp). Two varieties of Red Kidney bean VI (Orakzai Korkha) and V2 (Kurram Korkha) were obtained from NWFP Agriculture University, Peshawar. The amount of phytic acid in V1 and V2 of Red kidney bean was 10 mg and 9.80 mg, respectively. Red kidney-bean flour soaked for 6 and 12 hrs. in water and in pH4 and 6 solutions has significantly reduced (70%) amount of phytic acid. Solution of pH6 was found most effective, while pH4 and water was less effective in lowering the phytic acid in Red kidney bean. Mixed food additives (1% NaCI + 2% NaHCO/sub 3/) in water, and pH4 and 6 solutions, reduced the level of phytic acid in Red kidney bean to 40%, 54% and 58% for 6 hrs, and 50%, 57% and 70% for 12 hrs. in respective solutions. Results revealed that soaking Red kidney bean flour in pH6 solution with the presence of NaCI and NaHCO/sub 3/, the action of phytase enzyme was well activated to hydrolyze phytic acid. It has been observed that soaking of flour in the respective solutions is a simple inexpensive method of lowering phytic acid in bean. The treatment with such a sophisticated combination of food additives will improve the nutritional status of Red kidney bean, which is used in many food products. (author)

Effects of CO2-HCO3- on catecholamine efflux from cat carotid body.

Science.gov (United States)

Iturriaga, R; Alcayaga, J

1998-01-01

Using a chronoamperometric technique with carbon-fiber microelectrodes and neural recordings, we simultaneously measured the effects of the following procedures on catecholamine efflux (delta CA) and frequency of chemosensory discharges (fx) from superfused cat carotid body: 1) the addition of CO2-HCO3- to Tyrode solution previously buffered with N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethane-sulfonic acid, maintaining pH at 7.40; 2) hypercapnia (10% CO2, pH 7.10); 3) hypoxia (PO2 h approximately 40 Torr) with and without CO2-HCO3-; and 4) the impact of several boluses of dopamine (DA; 10-100 micrograms) on hypoxic and hypercapnic challenges. With CO2-HCO3-, hypoxia increased fx which preceded delta CA increases, whereas hypercapnia raised fx but did not consistently increase delta CA. Repeated stimuli induced similar fx increases, but attenuated delta CA. After DA, hypoxia produced larger delta CA, which preceded chemosensory responses. Without CO2-HCO3-, hypoxia produced a similar pattern of delta CA and fx responses. Switching to Tyrode solution with CO2-HCO3- at pH 7.40 raised fx but did not increase delta CA. With CO2-HCO3- and after DA, hypoxic-induced delta CAs were larger than in its absence. Results suggest that DA release is not essential for chemosensory excitation.

Atmospheric chemistry of CF3CF═CH2 and (Z)-CF3CF═CHF: Cl and NO3 rate coefficients, Cl reaction product yields, and thermochemical calculations.

Science.gov (United States)

Papadimitriou, Vassileios C; Lazarou, Yannis G; Talukdar, Ranajit K; Burkholder, James B

2011-01-20

Rate coefficients, k, for the gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms and NO(3) radicals with 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, CF(3)CF═CH(2) (HFO-1234yf), and 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, (Z)-CF(3)CF═CHF (HFO-1225ye), are reported. Cl-atom rate coefficients were measured in the fall-off region as a function of temperature (220-380 K) and pressure (50-630 Torr; N(2), O(2), and synthetic air) using a relative rate method. The measured rate coefficients are well represented by the fall-off parameters k(0)(T) = 6.5 × 10(-28) (T/300)(-6.9) cm(6) molecule(-2) s(-1) and k(∞)(T) = 7.7 × 10(-11) (T/300)(-0.65) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for CF(3)CF═CH(2) and k(0)(T) = 3 × 10(-27) (T/300)(-6.5) cm(6) molecule(-2) s(-1) and k(∞)(T) = 4.15 × 10(-11) (T/300)(-0.5) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for (Z)-CF(3)C═CHF with F(c) = 0.6. Reaction product yields were measured in the presence of O(2) to be (98 ± 7)% for CF(3)C(O)F and (61 ± 4)% for HC(O)Cl in the CF(3)CF═CH(2) reaction and (108 ± 8)% for CF(3)C(O)F and (112 ± 8)% for HC(O)F in the (Z)-CF(3)CF═CHF reaction, where the quoted uncertainties are 2σ (95% confidence level) and include estimated systematic errors. NO(3) reaction rate coefficients were determined using absolute and relative rate methods. Absolute measurements yielded upper limits for both reactions between 233 and 353 K, while the relative rate measurements yielded k(3)(295 K) = (2.6 ± 0.25) × 10(-17) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and k(4)(295 K) = (4.2 ± 0.5) × 10(-18) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for CF(3)CF═CH(2) and (Z)-CF(3)CF═CHF, respectively. The Cl-atom reaction with CF(3)CF═CH(2) and (Z)-CF(3)CF═CHF leads to decreases in their atmospheric lifetimes and global warming potentials and formation of a chlorine-containing product, HC(O)Cl, for CF(3)CF═CH(2). The NO(3) reaction has been shown to have a negligible impact on the atmospheric lifetimes of CF(3)CF═CH(2) and (Z)-CF(3)CF═CHF. The energetics for the reaction of Cl, NO(3), and OH with CF

Effect of NaCl-Stress on Metabolism of NO3-, NH4+ and NO2- at Several Rice Varieties

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M Zulman Harja Utama

2010-09-01

Full Text Available This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of NaCl-stress on metabolism of NO3-, NH4+ and NO2- at several rice varieties. The results showed that an addition of NaCl had lesser effect on NaCl-tolerant varieties as compared to NaCl-sensitive in term of reduction in NO3-, NH4+, and NO2- uptake. Rice adaptation ability to NaCl stress occurred through the mechanism of NO3-, NH4+, and N02- metabolism physiology. It was indicated by the difference concentration of NO3-, NH4+ and N02- between the tolerant (Cisadane, moderate (Batang Lembang, Rendah Kuning, and Batang Piaman and sensitive (IR 66 varieties. Concentration of NH4+ and N02- of tolerant rice (Cisadane at NaCl treatment were about 1.16 and 2.6 times higher than that at control, respectively, while concentration of NO3- was only 0.03 times lower than control. In contrast, concentration of NO3-, NH4+, and N02- of sensitive rice (IR 66, were about 0.09, 0.27, and 0.41 times lower than that in control respecting at NaCl treatment, respectively.

Deposition, Accumulation, and Alteration of Cl(-), NO3(-), ClO4(-) and ClO3(-) Salts in a Hyper-Arid Polar Environment: Mass Balance and Isotopic Constraints

Science.gov (United States)

Jackson, Andrew; Davila, Alfonso F.; Boehlke, J. K.; Sturchio, Neil C.; Sevanthi, Ritesh; Estrada, Nubia; Brundrette, Megan; Lacell, Denis; McKay, Christopher P.; Poghosyan, Armen;

Abnormal duodenal [HCO3-] following secretin stimulation develops sooner than endocrine insufficiency in minimal change chronic pancreatitis.

Science.gov (United States)

Pelley, Joshua R; Gordon, Stuart R; Gardner, Timothy B

2012-04-01

Direct pancreatic function tests (PFTs) are often used to diagnose chronic pancreatitis (CP). We aimed to determine the temporal relationship between an abnormal PFT result, cross-sectional imaging, and clinical symptoms. All patients referred for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and PFT for suspected CP at our medical center from 2008 to 2010 were included. Each subject underwent EUS and PFT on the same day using secretin stimulation. Seventeen patients had duodenal HCO3 values of less than 80 mEq/L and were labeled as abnormal; the 25 other patients had at least 1 duodenal HCO3 values of 80 mEq/L or greater. Patients with abnormal PFTs had more parenchymal (2.0 vs 0.92, P = 0.012), ductal (1.18 vs 0.6, P = 0.036), and total features (3.18 vs 1.52, P = 0.009) than those with normal PFTs on EUS examination. There was no difference in regard to the frequency of abnormal CT scans (25% vs 15%, P = 0.139), diarrhea (67% vs 60%, P = 0.463), fat-soluble vitamin deficiency (33% vs 26%, P = 0.315), or diabetes (10% vs 4%, P = 0.066). Patients with equivocal imaging and abnormally low duodenal HCO3 have more EUS features of CP than do patients with normal duodenal HCO3 values, suggesting that low duodenal HCO3 values are among the first measurable abnormalities in CP.

Methane explosion suppression characteristics based on the NaHCO3/red-mud composite powders with core-shell structure.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yan; Cheng, Yi-Shen; Yu, Ming-Gao; Li, Yao; Cao, Jian-Liang; Zheng, Li-Gang; Yi, Hong-Wei

2017-08-05

The NaHCO 3 /red-mud (RM) composite powders were successfully prepared by the solvent-anti-solvent method for methane explosion suppression. The RM was used as a carrier, and the NaHCO 3 was used as a loaded inhibitor. The NaHCO 3 /RM composite powders showed a special core-shell structure and excellent endothermic performance. The suppression properties of NaHCO 3 /RM composite for 9.5% CH 4 explosion were tested in a 20L spherical explosion vessel and a 5L Perspex duct. The results showed that the NaHCO 3 /RM composite powders displayed a much better suppression property than the pure RM or NaHCO 3 powders. The loading amount of NaHCO 3 has an intensive influence on the inhibition property of NaHCO 3 /RM composite powders. The best loaded content of NaHCO 3 is 35%. It exhibited significant inhibitory effect that the explosion max-pressure declined 44.9%, the max-pressure rise rate declined 96.3% and the pressure peak time delayed 366.7%, respectively. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Kinetic isotope effects in the gas phase reactions of OH and Cl with CH3Cl, CD3Cl, and 13CH3Cl

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. A. Gola

2005-01-01

Full Text Available The kinetic isotope effects in the reactions of CH3Cl, 13CH3Cl and CD3Cl with OH radicals and Cl atoms were studied in relative rate experiments at 298±2 K and 1013±10 mbar. The reactions were carried out in a smog chamber using long path FTIR detection and the spectroscopic data analyzed employing a non-linear least squares spectral fitting method using measured high-resolution infrared spectra as well as absorption cross sections from the HITRAN database. The reaction rates of 13CH3Cl and CD3Cl with OH and Cl were determined relative to CH3Cl as: kOH+CH3ClkOH+CH3Cl/kOH+13CH3Cl}kOH+13CH3Cl=1.059±0.008, kOH+CH3ClkOH+CH3Cl/kOH+CD3ClkOH+CD3Cl=3.9±0.4, kCl+CH3ClkCl+CH3Cl/kCl+13CH3ClkCl+13CH3Cl =1.070±0.010 and kCl+CH3ClkCl+CH3Cl/kCl+CD3ClkCl+CD3Cl=4.91±0.07. The uncertainties given are 2σ from the statistical analyses and do not include possible systematic errors. The unexpectedly large 13C kinetic isotope effect in the OH reaction of CH3Cl has important implications for the global emission inventory of CH3Cl.

Wide temperature range (T = 295 K and 770-1305 K) study of the kinetics of the reactions HCO + NO and HCO + NO2 using frequency modulation spectroscopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Dammeier, J; Colberg, M; Friedrichs, G

2007-08-21

The rate constants for , HCO + NO --> HNO + CO, and , HCO + NO(2)--> products, have been measured at temperatures between 770 K modulation (FM) absorption spectroscopy. Kinetic simulations based on a comprehensive reaction mechanism showed that the rate constants for the title reactions could be sensitively extracted from the measured HCO profiles. The determined high temperature rate constants are k(1)(769-1307 K) = (7.1 +/- 2.7) x 10(12) cm(3) mol(-1) s(-1) and k(2)(804-1186 K) = (3.3 +/- 1.8) x 10(13) cm(3) mol(-1) s(-1). The room temperature values were found to be in very good agreement with existing literature data and show that both reactions are essentially temperature independent. The weak temperature dependence of can be explained by the interplay of a dominating direct abstraction pathway and a complex-forming mechanism. Both pathways yield the products HNO + CO. In contrast to , no evidence for a significant contribution of a direct high temperature abstraction channel was found for . Here, the observed temperature independent overall rate constant can be described by a complex-forming mechanism with several product channels. Detailed information on the strongly temperature dependent channel branching ratios is provided. Moreover, the high temperature rate constant of , OH + (CHO)(2), has been determined to be k(7) approximately 1.1 x 10(13) cm(3) mol(-1) s(-1).

Evaluation the anaerobic digestion performance of solid residual kitchen waste by NaHCO3 buffering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao, Shumei; Huang, Yue; Yang, Lili; Wang, Hao; Zhao, Mingxing; Xu, Zhiyang; Huang, Zhenxing; Ruan, Wenquan

2015-01-01

Highlights: • The maximum methane production of SRKW was 479 mL/gTS added . • Anaerobic digestion capacity increased by 33.3% through NaHCO 3 buffering. • Protease activity was mainly affected by high organic load. - Abstract: Anaerobic digestion has been considered as a promising energy-producing process for kitchen waste treatment. In this paper, the anaerobic digestion (AD) performances of solid residual kitchen waste (SRKW) with or without NaHCO 3 buffering were investigated. The results indicated that the methane production reached the maximum of 479 mL/gTS added at the inoculum to substrate ratio (ISR, based on VS) of 1:1.4 without buffering, accompanied by VS removal rate of 78.91%. Moreover, the anaerobic digestion capacity increased by 33.3% through NaHCO 3 buffering, and the methane yield at ISR 1:2.8 was improved by 48.5% with NaHCO 3 addition. However, the methanogenesis with or without NaHCO 3 buffer was suppressed at ISR 1:3.5, indicated from the lowest methane yield of 55.50 mL/gTS added and high volatile fatty acids concentration of more than 14,000 mg/L. Furthermore, proteins in SRKW were not degraded completely at excessive organic loading, since the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in ISR 1:3.5 groups with (2738 mg/L) and without NaHCO 3 buffering (2654 mg/L) were lower than the theoretical value of 3500 mg/L and the protease activities in ISR 1:3.5 groups were also inhibited

Nqrs Data for C3H2Cl10N2PSb[C3HCl4N2P·Cl6HSb](Subst. No. 0601)

Science.gov (United States)

Chihara, H.; Nakamura, N.

This document is part of Subvolume A `Substances Containing Ag … C10H15' of Volume 48 `Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy Data' of Landolt-Börnstein - Group III `Condensed Matter'. It contains an extract of Section `3.2 Data tables' of the Chapter `3 Nuclear quadrupole resonance data' providing the NQRS data for C3H2Cl10N2PSb [C3HCl4N2P·Cl6HSb] (Subst. No. 0601)

An in vitro study of urea, water, ion and CO2/HCO3- transport in the gastrointestinal tract of the dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias): the influence of feeding.

Science.gov (United States)

Liew, Hon Jung; De Boeck, Gudrun; Wood, Chris M

2013-06-01

of those reported in marine teleosts. Phloretin (0.25 mmol l(-1), applied mucosally) completely blocked the increases in intestinal urea absorption and CO2/HCO3(-) secretion caused by feeding, but had no effect on Na(+), Cl(-) or water absorption.

NH4HCO3 gas-generating liposomal nanoparticle for photoacoustic imaging in breast cancer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xia J

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Jizhu Xia, Gang Feng, Xiaorong Xia, Lan Hao, Zhigang Wang Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China Abstract: In this study, we have developed a biodegradable nanomaterial for photoacoustic imaging (PAI. Its biodegradation products can be fully eliminated from a living organism. It is a gas-generating nanoparticle of liposome-encapsulating ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3 solution, which is safe, effective, inexpensive, and free of side effects. When lasers irradiate these nanoparticles, NH4HCO3 decomposes to produce CO2, which can absorb much of the light energy under laser irradiation with a specific wavelength, and then expand under heat to generate a thermal acoustic wave. An acoustic detector can detect this wave and show it as a photoacoustic signal on a display screen. The intensity of the photoacoustic signal is enhanced corresponding to an increase in time, concentration, and temperature. During in vivo testing, nanoparticles were injected into tumor-bearing nude mice through the caudal vein, and photoacoustic signals were detected from the tumor, reaching a peak in 4 h, and then gradually disappearing. There was no damage to the skin or subcutaneous tissue from laser radiation. Our developed gas-generating nanomaterial, NH4HCO3 nanomaterial, is feasible, effective, safe, and inexpensive. Therefore, it is a promising material to be used in clinical PAI. Keywords: Photoacoustic tomography, CO2, NH4HCO3, contrast agent, cancer

HCO3(-)-coupled Na+ influx is a major determinant of Na+ turnover and Na+/K+ pump activity in rat hepatocytes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fitz, J.G.; Lidofsky, S.D.; Weisiger, R.A.; Xie, M.H.; Cochran, M.; Grotmol, T.; Scharschmidt, B.F.

1991-01-01

Recent studies in hepatocytes indicate that Na(+)-coupled HCO3- transport contributes importantly to regulation of intracellular pH and membrane HCO3- transport. However, the direction of net coupled Na+ and HCO3- movement and the effect of HCO3- on Na+ turnover and Na+/K+ pump activity are not known. In these studies, the effect of HCO3- on Na+ influx and turnover were measured in primary rat hepatocyte cultures with 22Na+, and [Na+]i was measured in single hepatocytes using the Na(+)-sensitive fluorochrome SBFI. Na+/K+ pump activity was measured in intact perfused rat liver and hepatocyte monolayers as Na(+)-dependent or ouabain-suppressible 86Rb uptake, and was measured in single hepatocytes as the effect of transient pump inhibition by removal of extracellular K+ on membrane potential difference (PD) and [Na+]i. In hepatocyte monolayers, HCO3- increased 22Na+ entry and turnover rates by 50-65%, without measurably altering 22Na+ pool size or cell volume, and HCO3- also increased Na+/K+ pump activity by 70%. In single cells, exposure to HCO3- produced an abrupt and sustained rise in [Na+]i from approximately 8 to 12 mM. Na+/K+ pump activity assessed in single cells by PD excursions during transient K+ removal increased congruent to 2.5-fold in the presence of HCO3-, and the rise in [Na+]i produced by inhibition of the Na+/K+ pump was similarly increased congruent to 2.5-fold in the presence of HCO3-. In intact perfused rat liver, HCO3- increased both Na+/K+ pump activity and O2 consumption. These findings indicate that, in hepatocytes, net coupled Na+ and HCO3- movement is inward and represents a major determinant of Na+ influx and Na+/K+ pump activity. About half of hepatic Na+/K+ pump activity appears dedicated to recycling Na+ entering in conjunction with HCO3- to maintain [Na+]i within the physiologic range

A Novel Mechanism of pH Buffering in C. elegans Glia: Bicarbonate Transport via the Voltage-Gated ClC Cl- Channel CLH-1.

Science.gov (United States)

Grant, Jeff; Matthewman, Cristina; Bianchi, Laura

2015-12-16

An important function of glia is the maintenance of the ionic composition and pH of the synaptic microenvironment. In terms of pH regulation, HCO3 (-) buffering has been shown to be important in both glia and neurons. Here, we used in vivo fluorescent pH imaging and RNA sequencing of the amphid sheath glia of Caenorhabditis elegans to reveal a novel mechanism of cellular HCO3 (-) uptake. While the classical mechanism of HCO3 (-) uptake involves Na(+)/HCO3 (-) cotransporters, here we demonstrate that the C. elegans ClC Cl(-) channel CLH-1 is highly permeable to HCO3 (-) and mediates HCO3 (-) uptake into amphid sheath glia. CLH-1 has homology and electrophysiological properties similar to the mammalian ClC-2 Cl(-) channel. Our data suggest that, in addition to maintaining synaptic Cl(-) concentration, these channels may also be involved in maintenance of synaptic pH via HCO3 (-) flux. These findings provide an exciting new facet of study regarding how pH is regulated in the brain. Maintenance of pH is essential for the physiological function of the nervous system. HCO3 (-) is crucial for pH regulation and is transported into the cell via ion transporters, including ion channels, the molecular identity of which remains unclear. In this manuscript, we describe our discovery that the C. elegans amphid sheath glia regulate intracellular pH via HCO3 (-) flux through the voltage-gated ClC channel CLH-1. This represents a novel function for ClC channels, which has implications for their possible role in mammalian glial pH regulation. This discovery may also provide a novel therapeutic target for pathologic conditions, such as ischemic stroke where acidosis leads to widespread death of glia and subsequently neurons. Copyright © 2015 the authors 0270-6474/15/3516377-21$15.00/0.

Characteristics of injury and recovery of net NO3- transport of barley seedlings from treatments of NaCl

Science.gov (United States)

Klobus, G.; Ward, M. R.; Huffaker, R. C.

1988-01-01

The nature of the injury and recovery of nitrate uptake (net uptake) from NaCl stress in young barley (Hordeum vulgare L, var CM 72) seedlings was investigated. Nitrate uptake was inhibited rapidly by NaCl, within 1 minute after exposure to 200 millimolar NaCl. The duration of exposure to saline conditions determined the time of recovery of NO3- uptake from NaCl stress. Recovery was dependent on the presence of NO3- and was inhibited by cycloheximide, 6-methylpurine, and cerulenin, respective inhibitors of protein, RNA, and sterol/fatty acid synthesis. These inhibitors also prevented the induction of the NO3- uptake system in uninduced seedlings. Uninduced seedlings exhibited endogenous NO3- transport activity that appeared to be constitutive. This constitutive activity was also inhibited by NaCl. Recovery of constitutive NO3- uptake did not require the presence of NO3-.

Ursodeoxycholic acid choleresis: Relationship to biliary HCO-3 and effects of Na+-H+ exchange inhibitors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Renner, E.L.; Lake, J.R.; Cragoe, E.J. Jr.; van Dyke, R.W.; Scharschmidt, B.F.

1988-01-01

The authors have recently shown that substitution of Li + for perfusate Na + eliminates the HCO 3 - -rich choleresis produced by ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in isolated perfused rat liver and that the increase in bile flow produced by both UDCA and taurocholic acid is partially inhibited by 1 mM amiloride. Although these findings are consistent with a role for Na + -H + exchange in the choleresis produced by these bile acids, both Li + substitution and amiloride affect other cellular processes, including Na + -K + -ATPase activity. They have now further explored both the relationship between UDCA-stimulated bile flow and biliary HCO 3 - secretion and the possible role of Na + -H + exchange in this process by comparing the effects of amiloride with two of its more potent and presumably more specific analogues, 5-(N,N-dimethyl)amiloride hydrochloride (DMA) and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIA). None of the inhibitors significantly altered biliary UDCA output or the relationship between UDCA-induced bile flow and either biliary [HCO 3 - ] or biliary HCO 3- output. Effects of these inhibitors did not appear attributable either to nonspecific toxicity, as reflected by hepatic release of lactate dehydrogenase or K + , or to inhibition of hepatic Na + -K + -ATPase, measured as Na + -dependent uptake of 86 Rb. These findings indicate that UDCA-induced but not basal bile formation is closely coupled to biliary HCO 3 - concentration and output, and they provide additional evidence that UDCA choleresis requires an intact Na + -H + exchange mechanism

Efeitos das fontes e níveis de sódio, cloro e potássio e da relação (Na + K/Cl, sobre o desempenho e características do plasma sangüíneo de poedeiras comerciais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Junqueira Otto Mack

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Dois experimentos foram realizados para estudar os efeitos da relação (Na + K/Cl na dieta de poedeiras comerciais no final do ciclo de postura, pela adição de bicarbonato de sódio (NaHCO3, cloreto de sódio (NaCl, cloreto de potássio (KCl e cloreto de amônia (NH4Cl, avaliando-se os parâmetros produtivos e características do plasma sangüíneo. O primeiro experimento envolveu cinco tratamentos: 0,30% de NaCl; 0,30% de NaCl + 0,95% de NaHCO3; 0,38% de KCl + 0,67% de NaHCO3; 0,38% de KCl + 1,62% de NaHCO3; e 0,38% de KCL + 2,56% de NaHCO3. A relação (Na + K/Cl foi, respectivamente, 3,46; 4,46; 4,46; 5,46; e 6,46. O segundo experimento envolveu quatro tratamentos: 0,30% NaCl; 0,47% de NaHCO3 + 0,19 de NH4Cl; 1,17% NaHCO3 + 0,19% de NH4Cl; e 1,88% de NaHCO3 + 0,19% de NH4Cl. A relação (Na + K/Cl foi 3,46; 4,46; 5,46; e 6,46, respectivamente. No primeiro experimento, o maior consumo alimentar foi observado nas aves alimentadas com dietas contendo 0,30% de NaCl. As aves que consumiram KCl apresentaram melhor conversão alimentar. Foi observado aumento no fósforo e pH do plasma sangüíneo. Aves que receberam dietas em que a relação (Na +K/Cl foi de 5,46 apresentaram maiores níveis de fósforo no plasma sangüíneo. O aumento do pH no plasma sangüíneo foi observado em aves que receberam dietas com relações de (Na + K/Cl de 4,46 e 6,46. No segundo experimento, o peso do ovo diminuiu com o aumento do NaHCO3 da dieta.

Novel method of generation of Ca(HCO32 and CaCO3 aerosols and first determination of hygroscopic and cloud condensation nuclei activation properties

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Trimborn

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Atmospheric mineral aerosols contain CaCO3 as a reactive component. A novel method to produce CaCO3 aerosol was developed by spraying Ca(HCO32 solution, which was generated from a CaCO3 suspension and CO2. By aerosol mass spectrometry the freshly sprayed and dried aerosol was characterized to consist of pure Ca(HCO32 which under annealing in a tube furnace transformed into CaCO3. Transmission Electron Microscopy demonstrated that the particles produced were spherical. The method was able to generate aerosol of sufficient concentration and proper size for the study of physiochemical properties and investigations of heterogeneous reactions of mineral aerosol. The dried Ca(HCO32 particles were somewhat more hygroscopic than CaCO3 particles. However, during humidification a restructuring took place and ∼2/3 of the Ca(HCO32 was transformed to CaCO3. The mixed Ca(HCO32/CaCO3(s particles were insoluble with a growth factor of 1.03 at 95% (hygroscopicity parameter κ=0.011±0.007 relative humidity. This compares to a corresponding growth factor of 1.01 for CaCO3(s (κ=0.0016±0.0004. Mass spectrometric composition analysis, restructuring, and insolubility of the mixed particles suggested that solid Ca(HCO32(s was observed. This would be in contrast to the current belief that Ca(HCO32(s is thermodynamically instable. The CCN activity of Ca(HCO32(s aerosol (κ≈0.15 is remarkably higher than that of CaCO3 aerosol (κ=0.0019±0.0007 and less than that of Ca(NO32. The noticeable but limited solubility of Ca(HCO32 of ≈0.01 mol/l explains limited hygroscopic growth and good CCN activity. Experiments in the Large Jülich Aerosol Chamber indicated that Ca(HCO32(s could exist for several hours under dry atmospheric conditions. However, it was likely buried in a protective layer of CaCO3(s. We conclude that Ca(HCO32 may be formed in the atmosphere in cloud droplets of activated mineral dust by reaction of CaCO3 with CO2 and H2O. The presence of Ca(HCO32 and

Density of molten salt Mixtures of eutectic LiCl-KCl containing UCl{sub 3}, CeCl{sub 3}, or LaCl{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, C.; Simpson, M. F. [Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (United States)

2017-06-15

Densities of molten salt mixtures of eutectic LiCl-KCl with UCl{sub 3}, CeCl{sub 3}, or LaCl{sub 3} at various concentrations (up to 13 wt%) were measured using a liquid surface displacement probe. Linear relationships between the mixture density and the concentration of the added salt were observed. For LaCl{sub 3} and CeCl{sub 3}, the measured densities were signifcantly higher than those previously reported from Archimedes’ method. In the case of LiCl-KCl-UCl{sub 3}, the data ft the ideal mixture density model very well. For the other salts, the measured densities exceeded the ideal model prediction by about 2%.

Spectroscopy and reaction kinetics of HCO

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guo, Yili.

1989-01-01

The high-resolution infrared spectrum of the C-H stretching fundamental of HCO has been studied by means of infrared flash kinetic spectroscopy. HCO was generated by flash photolysis of acetaldehyde or formaldehyde using a 308 nm (XeCl) excimer laser. The transient absorption was probed with an infrared difference frequency laser system. The high resolution spectra obtained were assigned and fitted with rotational, spin-rotational, and centrifugal distortion constants. The ν 1 band origin is 2434.48 cm/sup /minus/1/. New ground state constants have been derived from a least-squares fit combining the ν 1 data with previous microwave and FIR LMR measurements. A new set of spectroscopic constants for the (1, 0, 0) state, the equilibrium rotational constants, and the orientation of the transition dipole moment are also reported. The kinetics and product branching ratios of the HCO + NO 2 reaction have been studied using visible and infrared laser flash kinetic spectroscopy. The rate constant for the disappearance of HCO radical at 296 K is (5.7 +- 0.9) /times/ 10/sup /minus/11/ cm 3 molec/sup /minus/1/ sec/sup /minus/1/, and it is independent of the pressure of SF 6 buffer gas up to 700 torr. Less than 10% of the reaction goes through the most exothermic product channel, HNO + CO 2 . The product channel, H + CO 2 + NO, is responsible for 52% of the reaction. HONO has been observed, though not quantitatively, as a reaction product corresponding to the HONO + CO channel. 51 refs., 21 figs., 8 tabs

NQRS Data for C7H8Cl3Osb (Subst. No. 1005)

Science.gov (United States)

Chihara, H.; Nakamura, N.

This document is part of Subvolume A `Substances Containing Ag … C10H15' of Volume 48 `Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy Data' of Landolt-Börnstein - Group III `Condensed Matter'. It contains an extract of Section `3.2 Data tables' of the Chapter `3 Nuclear quadrupole resonance data' providing the NQRS data for C7H8Cl3OSb (Subst. No. 1005)

Solvothermal synthesis of Ni(HCO{sub 3}){sub 2}/graphene composites toward supercapacitors and the faradiac redox mechanism in KOH solution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sun, Jinfeng [State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080 (China); Li, Zhangpeng [State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Wang, Jinqing, E-mail: jqwang@licp.cas.cn [State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Wang, Zhaofeng [State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Niu, Lengyuan; Gong, Peiwei [State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080 (China); Liu, Xiaohong; Wang, Honggang [State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Yang, Shengrong, E-mail: sryang@licp.cas.cn [State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000 (China)

2013-12-25

Highlights: •Ni(HCO{sub 3}){sub 2}/GS composites were prepared by a simple solvothermal method. •Ni(HCO{sub 3}){sub 2}/GS composites exhibited good supercapacitive performance. •Ni(HCO{sub 3}){sub 2}/GS2 presented the highest capacitance of 1200 F g{sup −1} at 4 A g{sup −1}. -- Abstract: In this work, a series of composites consisting of Ni(HCO{sub 3}){sub 2} and graphene nanosheets (GS) have been prepared by a facile solvothermal method, and then their application as electrode materials for supercapacitors has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge tests. Morphological and structural analyses by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that Ni(HCO{sub 3}){sub 2} particles deposited on the GS and formed a loosely packed microstructure, actualizing the successful combination of Ni(HCO{sub 3}){sub 2} particles with GS. Among the prepared composites, the sample of Ni(HCO{sub 3}){sub 2}/GS2 exhibited the highest capacitance of 1200 F g{sup −1} at a current density of 4 A g{sup −1}, illustrating that such composite is a promising candidate as electrode material for supercapacitors. Moreover, the Faradic redox mechanism of the Ni(HCO{sub 3}){sub 2}/GS composite was further studied in virtue of XRD analysis, which revealed that the Ni(HCO{sub 3}){sub 2} phase could be quickly transformed into Ni(OH){sub 2} phase by an electrochemically induced phase transformation process during the galvanostatic charge–discharge tests.

The Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Citrate on Blood pH, HCO3-, Lactate Metabolism and Time to Exhaustion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Soetanto Hartono

2017-02-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate in increasing lactate concentration, blood pH, HCO3-, and time to exhaustion. Increased time to exhaustion is an advantage since the athletes can do more anaerobic work. Exhaustion could be delayed by increasing HCO3- to catch H+ produced by lactate metabolism to form H2O and CO2. The design of this research was randomized pretest posttest control group design. Thirty badminton student players were randomly selected and randomly assigned to three groups. The first group (the control group was given placebo, NaCl .9 g/dl, the second group was given sodium bicarbonate 300 mg/kg in 500 ml aqua, and the third group was given sodium citrate 300 mg/kg in 500 ml aqua. Blood pH and bicarbonate ion (HCO3- were measured through Opti Medical Blood gas Analyzer. Lactate was measured by Cobas Roche lactate Analyzer. Data was analyzed using Manova with .05 significant level. Blood pH of the groups taking sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate were higher significantly against control group (p.05. Sodium bicarbonate is better than sodium citrate, although both were better than control (p<.05. Sodium bicarbonate is better than sodium citrate in increasing blood pH and time to exhaustion. The disadvantage of using sodium bicarbonate is that it can cause gastrointestinal problem and headache, so it is not advisable to be used by athletes who have the symptoms.

Ingestion of Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) Following a Fatiguing Bout of Exercise Accelerates Postexercise Acid-Base Balance Recovery and Improves Subsequent High-Intensity Cycling Time to Exhaustion.

Science.gov (United States)

Gough, Lewis A; Rimmer, Steven; Osler, Callum J; Higgins, Matthew F

2017-10-01

This study evaluated the ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) on postexercise acid-base balance recovery kinetics and subsequent high-intensity cycling time to exhaustion. In a counterbalanced, crossover design, nine healthy and active males (age: 23 ± 2 years, height: 179 ± 5 cm, body mass: 74 ± 9 kg, peak mean minute power (W peak ) 256 ± 45 W, peak oxygen uptake (V̇O 2peak ) 46 ± 8 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ) performed a graded incremental exercise test, two familiarization and two experimental trials. Experimental trials consisted of cycling to volitional exhaustion (T LIM1 ) at 100% W PEAK on two occasions (T LIM1 and T LIM2 ) interspersed by a 90 min passive recovery period. Using a double-blind approach, 30 min into a 90 min recovery period participants ingested either 0.3 g.kg -1 body mass sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) or a placebo (PLA) containing 0.1 g.kg -1 body mass sodium chloride (NaCl) mixed with 4 ml.kg -1 tap water and 1 ml.kg -1 orange squash. The mean differences between T LIM2 and T LIM1 was larger for PLA compared with NaHCO 3 (-53 ± 53 vs. -20 ± 48 s; p = .008, d = 0.7, CI =-0.3, 1.6), indicating superior subsequent exercise time to exhaustion following NaHCO 3 . Blood lactate [Bla - ] was similar between treatments post T LIM1 , but greater for NaHCO 3 post T LIM2 and 5 min post T LIM2 . Ingestion of NaHCO 3 induced marked increases (p < .01) in both blood pH (+0.07 ± 0.02, d = 2.6, CI = 1.2, 3.7) and bicarbonate ion concentration [HCO 3 - ] (+6.8 ± 1.6 mmo.l -1 , d = 3.4, CI = 1.8, 4.7) compared with the PLA treatment, before T LIM2 . It is likely both the acceleration of recovery, and the marked increases of acid-base after T LIM1 contributed to greater T LIM2 performance compared with the PLA condition.

Modeling of the Mixed Solvent Electrolyte System CO2-Na2CO3-NaHCO3-Monoethylene Glycol-Water

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fosbøl, Philip Loldrup; Thomsen, Kaj; Stenby, Erling Halfdan

2009-01-01

The extended UNIQUAC electrolyte activity coefficient model has been correlated to 751 experimental solid−liquid equilibrium (SLE), vapor−liquid equilibrium (VLE), and excess enthalpy data for the mixed solvent CO2−NaHCO3−Na2CO3−monoethylene glycol(MEG)−H2O electrolyte system. The model...

The synthesis and structural characterization of the technetium nitrosyl complexes [TcCl(NO)(SC5H4N)(PPh3)2] and [Tc(NO)(SC5H4N)2(PPh3)

Science.gov (United States)

Nicholson, Terrence L.; Mahmood, Ashfaq; Muller, Peter; Davison, Alan; Storm-Blanchard, Shannon; Jones, Alun G.

2011-01-01

The reaction of the Tc(I) complex [Tc(NO)Cl2(HOMe)(PPh3)2] with stoichiometric amounts of 2-mercatopyridine and a proton scavenger yields [Tc(NO)Cl(Spy)(PPh3)2] or [Tc(NO)(Spy)2(PPh3)], depending upon quantities of ligands employed. These two complexes have been structurally characterized. The small bite angles of the bidentate mercaptopyridine ligands cause significant deviation from octahedral coordination geometry. PMID:23750048

Identification and Analysis of NaHCO3 Stress Responsive Genes in Wild Soybean (Glycine soja Roots by RNA-seq

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jinlong Zhang

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Soil alkalinity is a major abiotic constraint to crop productivity and quality. Wild soybean (Glycine soja is considered to be more stress-tolerant than cultivated soybean (G. max, and has considerable genetic variation for increasing alkalinity tolerance of soybean. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome profile in the roots of an alkalinity tolerant wild soybean variety N24852 at 12 and 24 h after 90 mM NaHCO3 stress by RNA-sequencing. Compared with the controls, a total of 449 differentially expressed genes (DEGs were identified, including 95 and 140 up-regulated genes, and 108 and 135 down-regulated genes at 12 and 24 h after NaHCO3 treatment, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of 14 DEGs showed a high consistency with their expression profiles by RNA-sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO terms related to transcription factors and transporters were significantly enriched in the up-regulated genes at 12 and 24 h after NaHCO3 stress, respectively. Nuclear Factor Y subunit A (NF-YA transcription factors were enriched at 12 h after NaHCO3 stress, and high percentages of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH, ethylene-responsive factor (ERF, Trihelix and zinc finger (C2H2, C3H transcription factors were found at both 12 and 24 h after NaHCO3 stress. Genes related to ion transporters such as ABC transporter, aluminum activated malate transporter (ALMT, glutamate receptor (GLR, nitrate transporter (NRT / proton dependent oligopeptide (POT family, and S-type anion channel (SLAH were enriched in up-regulated DEGs at 24 h after NaHCO3 treatment, implying their roles in maintaining ion homeostasis in soybean roots under alkalinity. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism pathways might participate in soybean response to alkalinity. This study provides a foundation to further investigate the functions of NaHCO3 stress-responsive genes and the molecular basis of soybean tolerance to alkalinity.

The crystal structure of TeCl3+AuCl4-

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jones, P.G.; Jentsch, D.; Schwarzmann, E.

1986-01-01

TeCl 3 + AuCl 4 - crystallizes in the triclinic space group Panti 1 with a=7.564(2), b=7.720(3), c=8.964(3) A, α=78.26(3), β=88.84(3), γ=89.35(3) 0 , Z=2. The structure was refined to R 0.041 for 1380 reflections. The cation polyhedron, including secondary Te...Cl interactions, is a square pyramid with mean Te-Cl 2.294, Te...Cl 3.028 A. The secondary interactions link the ions to form centrosymmetric (TeCl 3 .AuCl 4 ) 2 dimers. (orig.)

Deposition, accumulation, and alteration of Cl−, NO3−, ClO4− and ClO3− salts in a hyper-arid polar environment: Mass balance and isotopic constraints

Science.gov (United States)

Jackson, Andrew; Davila, Alfonso F.; Böhlke, John Karl; Sturchio, Neil C.; Sevanthi, Ritesh; Estrada, Nubia; Brundrett, Maeghan; Lacelle, Denis; McKay, Christopher P.; Poghosyan, Armen; Pollard, Wayne; Zacny, Kris

2016-01-01

The salt fraction in permafrost soils/sediments of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of Antarctica can be used as a proxy for cold desert geochemical processes and paleoclimate reconstruction. Previous analyses of the salt fraction in MDV permafrost soils have largely been conducted in coastal regions where permafrost soils are variably affected by aqueous processes and mixed inputs from marine and stratospheric sources. We expand upon this work by evaluating permafrost soil/sediments in University Valley, located in the ultraxerous zone where both liquid water transport and marine influences are minimal. We determined the abundances of Cl−, NO3−, ClO4− and ClO3− in dry and ice-cemented soil/sediments, snow and glacier ice, and also characterized Cl− and NO3−isotopically. The data are not consistent with salt deposition in a sublimation till, nor with nuclear weapon testing fall-out, and instead point to a dominantly stratospheric source and to varying degrees of post depositional transformation depending on the substrate, from minimal alteration in bare soils to significant alteration (photodegradation and/or volatilization) in snow and glacier ice. Ionic abundances in the dry permafrost layer indicate limited vertical transport under the current climate conditions, likely due to percolation of snowmelt. Subtle changes in ClO4−/NO3− ratios and NO3− isotopic composition with depth and location may reflect both transport related fractionation and depositional history. Low molar ratios of ClO3−/ClO4− in surface soils compared to deposition and other arid systems suggest significant post depositional loss of ClO3−, possibly due to reduction by iron minerals, which may have important implications for oxy-chlorine species on Mars. Salt accumulation varies with distance along the valley and apparent accumulation times based on multiple methods range from ∼10 to 30 kyr near the glacier to 70–200 kyr near the valley mouth. The relatively young age

Reactions UF{sub 4} - ClF, UF{sub 4} - ClF{sub 3}, UF{sub 5} - ClF, UF{sub 5} - ClF{sub 3}; Reactions UF{sub 4} - ClF, UF{sub 4} - ClF{sub 3}, UF{sub 5} - ClF, UF{sub 5} - ClF{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Luce, M; Benoit, R; Hartmanshenn, O [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-07-01

The reaction between ClF{sub 3} and UF{sub 4} is partially explained by the study of the reactions of the three systems: UF{sub 4}-ClF, UF{sub 5}-ClF and UF{sub 5}-ClF{sub 3}. The analytical techniques used are: the micro-sublimation, the infra-red spectroscopy and the thermogravimetry. The origin of the by-products is indicated. (authors) [French] La reaction entre ClF{sub 3} et UF{sub 4} est partiellement expliquee grace a l'etude des reactions des trois systemes UF{sub 4}-ClF, UF{sub 5}-ClF et UF{sub 5}-ClF{sub 3}. Les techniques analytiques utilisees sont: la micro-sublimation, la spectroscopie infrarouge et la thermogravimetrie. L'origine des sous-produits est indiquee. (auteurs)

One for two: conversion of waste chicken feathers to carbon microspheres and (NH4)HCO3.

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Lei; Hu, Haibo; Sui, Xuelin; Chen, Changle; Chen, Qianwang

2014-06-03

Pyrolysis of 1 g of waste chicken feathers (quills and barbs) in supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) system at 600 °C for 3 h leads to the formation of 0.25 g well-shaped carbon microspheres with diameters of 1-5 μm and 0.26 g ammonium bicarbonate ((NH4)HCO3). The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopic, FT-IR spectrum, X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS), and N2 adsorption/desorption measurements. The obtained carbon microspheres displayed great superhydrophobicity as fabric coatings materials, with the water contact angle of up to 165.2±2.5°. The strategy is simple, efficient, does not require any toxic chemicals or catalysts, and generates two valuable materials at the same time. Moreover, other nitrogen-containing materials (such as nylon and amino acids) can also be converted to carbon microspheres and (NH4)HCO3 in the sc-CO2 system. This provides a simple strategy to extract the nitrogen content from natural and man-made waste materials and generate (NH4)HCO3 as fertilizer.

Luminescence properties of undoped CsCaCl3 and CsSrCl3 crystalline scintillators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujimoto, Yutaka; Saeki, Keiichiro; Koshimizu, Masanori; Asai, Keisuke; Yanagida, Takayuki

2015-01-01

Intrinsic luminescence properties of undoped CsCaCl 3 and CsSrCl 3 crystalline scintillators were studied. The crystal samples were grown by a vertical Bridgman method. Photoluminescence spectra of the crystals showed Auger-free luminescence (AFL) at 310 nm and self-trapped emission (STE) at 400 nm for CsCaCl 3 and 465 nm for CsSrCl 3 , when vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light at 84 nm and 160 nm excited the crystals. X-ray excited radioluminescence spectra of the crystals showed some emission bands in the 280-600 nm wavelength range, which are owing to AFL, STE, and other origins such as lattice defects and impurities. Scintillation light yield was 400-300 ph/MeV, and the principal scintillation decay time about 2.5 ns and 12 ns for CsCaCl 3 and 1.8 ns and 13 ns for CsSrCl 3 . (author)

Crystallographic Investigations into Properties of Acentric Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystals NH(CH3)3SnX3(X = Cl, Br)

KAUST Repository

Dang, Yangyang

2016-10-11

The hybrid perovskites with special optoelectronic properties have attracted more attention to the scientific and industrial applications. However, because of the toxicity and instability of lead complexes, there is interest in finding a nontoxic substitute for the lead in the halides perovskites and solving the ambiguous crystal structures and phase transition of NH(CH3)3SnX3 (X = Cl, Br). Here, we report the bulk crystal growths and different crystal morphologies of orthorhombic hybrid perovskites NH(CH3)3SnX3 (X = Cl, Br) in an ambient atmosphere by bottom-seeded solution growth (BSSG) method. More importantly, detailed structural determination and refinements, phase transition, band gap, band structure calculations, nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, XPS, thermal properties, and stability of NH(CH3)3SnX3 (X = Cl, Br) single crystals are demonstrated. NH(CH3)3SnCl3 single crystal undergoes reversible structural transformation from orthorhombic space group Cmc21 (no. 36) to monoclinic space group Cc (no. 9) and NH(CH3)3SnBr3 belongs to the orthorhombic space group Pna21 (no. 33) by DSC, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and temperature-dependent SHG measurements, which clarify the former results. These results should pave the way for further studies of these materials in optoelectronics.

Reaction between ethylenediamine and acetone on a platinum(II) complex. Crystal structure of [PtCl(en)(PBu3)][PtCl(ien)(PBu3)]Cl2 x CH3COCH3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kozelka, J.; Bois, C.

1988-01-01

The synthesis of [PtCl(en)(PBu 3 )][PtCl(ien)(PBu 3 )]Cl 2 CH 3 COCH 3 (en = ethylenediamine and ien = N-iso-propylideneethylenediamine) is reported herein. The crystal structure of the compound determined by x-ray absorption analysis and 1 H and 31 P NMR spectral data of the compound are reported. 11 references, 2 figures, 3 tables

ClC-3 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cell After Dynamic Compression.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Dawei; Wang, Hao; Gao, Feng; Wang, Kun; Dong, Fusheng

2017-06-01

ClC-3 chloride channel has been proved to have a relationship with the expression of osteogenic markers during osteogenesis, persistent static compression can upregulate the expression of ClC-3 and regulate osteodifferentiation in osteoblasts. However, there was no study about the relationship between the expression of ClC-3 and osteodifferentiation after dynamic compression. In this study, we applied dynamic compression on MC3T3-E1 cells to detect the expression of ClC-3, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), osteopontin (OPN), nuclear-associated antigen Ki67 (Ki67), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in biopress system, then we investigated the expression of these genes after dynamic compression with Chlorotoxin (specific ClC-3 chloride channel inhibitor) added. Under transmission electron microscopy, there were more cell surface protrusions, rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, abundant glycogen, and lysosomes scattered in the cytoplasm in MC3T3-E1 cells after dynamic compression. The nucleolus was more obvious. We found that ClC-3 was significantly up-regulated after dynamic compression. The compressive force also up-regulated Runx2, BMP-2, and OPN after dynamic compression for 2, 4 and 8 h. The proliferation gene Ki67 and PCNA did not show significantly change after dynamic compression for 8 h. Chlorotoxin did not change the expression of ClC-3 but reduced the expression of Runx2, BMP-2, and OPN after dynamic compression compared with the group without Cltx added. The data from the current study suggested that ClC-3 may promotes osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cell after dynamic compression. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1606-1613, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Sequential application of NaHCO3, CaCl2 and Candida oleophila (isolate 13L) affects significantly Penicillum expansum growth and the infection degree in apples.

Science.gov (United States)

Molinu, M G; Pani, G; Venditti, T; Dore, A; Ladu, G; D'Hallewin, G

2011-01-01

The employment of biocontrol agents to restrain postharvest pathogens is an encouraging approach, although, efficacy and consistency are still below those of synthetic pesticides. Up to date, the 'integrated control strategy' seems to be the most promising way to overcome this gap. Here, we report the feasibility to control postharvest decay caused by Penicillium expansum in apples by a 2 min, single or sequential, immersion in water with an antagonistic yeast (Candida oleophila, isolate '13L'), 2% NaHCO3 (SBC) or 1% CaCl2. The treatments were carried out, on appels cv 'Miali' either un-wounded, wounded or wound-pathogen inoculated and then stored at 2 degrees C for 30 d followed by a 6 d simulated marketing period at 20 degrees C or alternatively stored only for 7 d at 20 degrees C. As a general role, the best results were attained when CaCl2 was applied with the yeast or when preceded by the SBC treatment. When the wounding and inoculation took place 24 h before the treatment, the latter application sequence of the two salts was three times more effective compared to the treatment with the sole antagonist, and one time when performed 24 h after the treatment. Interestingly, apples immersed in the sole 2% SBC solution had the highest percentage of decay during storage and when inoculated before moving to the simulated marketing period at 20 degrees C.

Geothermal-brine modeling - prediction of mineral solubilities in natural waters: the Na-K-Mg-Ca-H-Cl-SO{sub 4}-OH-HCO{sub 3} CO{sub 3}-CO{sub 2}-H{sub 2}O system to high ionic strengths at 25{sup 0}C

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weare, J.H.

1981-01-01

The mineral solubility model of Harvie and Weare (1980) is extended to the eight component system, Na-K-Ca-Mg-H-Cl-SO{sub 4}-OH-HCO{sub 3}-CO{sub 3}-CO{sub 2}-H{sub 2}O at 25{sup 0}C to high concentrations. The model is based on the semi-empirical equations of Pitzer (1973) and co-workers for the thermodynamics of aqueous electrolyte solutions. The model is parameterized using many of the available isopiestic, electromotive force, and solubility data available for many of the subsystems. The predictive abilities of the model are demonstrated by comparison to experimental data in systems more complex than those used in parameterization. The essential features of a chemical model for aqueous electrolyte solutions and the relationship between pH and the equilibrium properties of a solution are discussed.

Photolysis of CH3CHO at 248 nm: Evidence of triple fragmentation from primary quantum yield of CH3 and HCO radicals and H atoms

Science.gov (United States)

Morajkar, Pranay; Bossolasco, Adriana; Schoemaecker, Coralie; Fittschen, Christa

2014-06-01

Radical quantum yields have been measured following the 248 nm photolysis of acetaldehyde, CH3CHO. HCO radical and H atom yields have been quantified by time resolved continuous wave Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy in the near infrared following their conversion to HO2 radicals by reaction with O2. The CH3 radical yield has been determined using the same technique following their conversion into CH3O2. Absolute yields have been deduced for HCO radicals and H atoms through fitting of time resolved HO2 profiles, obtained under various O2 concentrations, to a complex model, while the CH3 yield has been determined relative to the CH3 yield from 248 nm photolysis of CH3I. Time resolved HO2 profiles under very low O2 concentrations suggest that another unknown HO2 forming reaction path exists in this reaction system besides the conversion of HCO radicals and H atoms by reaction with O2. HO2 profiles can be well reproduced under a large range of experimental conditions with the following quantum yields: CH3CHO + hν248nm → CH3CHO*, CH3CHO* → CH3 + HCO ϕ1a = 0.125 ± 0.03, CH3CHO* → CH3 + H + CO ϕ1e = 0.205 ± 0.04, CH3CHO*{to 2pc{rArrfill}}limits^{o2}CH3CO + HO2 ϕ1f = 0.07 ± 0.01. The CH3O2 quantum yield has been determined in separate experiments as φ_{CH3} = 0.33 ± 0.03 and is in excellent agreement with the CH3 yields derived from the HO2 measurements considering that the triple fragmentation (R1e) is an important reaction path in the 248 nm photolysis of CH3CHO. From arithmetic considerations taking into account the HO2 and CH3 measurements we deduce a remaining quantum yield for the molecular pathway: CH3CHO* → CH4 + CO ϕ1b = 0.6. All experiments can be consistently explained with absence of the formerly considered pathway: CH3CHO* → CH3CO + H ϕ1c = 0.

Preparation and Characterization of cis- and trans-[Ir(tn)2Cl2]CF3SO3 and of [Ir(tn)3]Cl3 (tn=propane-1,3-diamine)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brorson, Michael; Galsbøl, Frode; Simonsen, Kim

1998-01-01

for the preparation of [Rh(tn)3]Cl3 in quantitative yield from Rh(thtp)3Cl3 is also given. The complexes were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and by UV/VIS spectroscopy. The conformation of the six-membered chelate rings of [Ir(tn)3]3+ in the solid state was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction of [Ir(tn)3......Procedures are given for the preparation and isolation of cis- and trans-[Ir(tn)2Cl2]CF3SO3 and of [Ir(tn)3]Cl3, (tn=propane-1,3-diamine). The compounds were prepared by the use of Ir(thtp)3Cl3 (thtp=tetrahydrothiophene) as starting material, using either DMSO or neat tn as solvent. A procedure......] [Co(CN)6] x 5H2O. The three chelate rings all adopt the energetically favoured chair conformation; however, the overall idealized symmetry is C1. A comparative ligand field analysis, based on Gaussian resolution of the solution UV/VIS spectra for a number of homoleptic [M(N6)]3+ (M=CoIII, RhIII, Ir...

Effects of sodium bicarbonate on the end-tidal CO2, PaCO2, HCO3-, PH and cerebral blood flow

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Komatani, Akio; Akutsu, Tooru; Yoshida, Michihiko; Yamaguchi, Koichi; Seo, Hiroshi

1992-01-01

To estimate the quantitative reactivity of cerebral blood flow (CBF), the effects of sodium bicarbonate on the end-tidal CO 2 , arterial partial pressure of CO 2 (PaCO 2 ), HCO 3 - , pH and CBF were examined. The CBF was measured by 133 Xe inhalation method with ring type SPECT (HEADTOME). Activation study with sodium bicarbonate administration was performed after 30 minutes of resting study, and the reactivity of each parameters was investigated. The arterial HCO 3 - and pH increased with similar reactivity, but PaCO 2 , end-tidal CO 2 and CBF in the non-injured hemisphere changed with irregular reactivity. The excellent correlation between PaCO 2 and end-tidal CO 2 was vanished by the administration of sodium bicarbonate. The reactivity of CBF did not correlate with reactivity of PaCO 2 and end-tidal CO 2 , but correlated with arterial HCO 3 - and pH. Thus the measurement of arterial HCO 3 - and pH may be indispensable to estimate the CBF reactivity with the administration of sodium bicarbonate. (author)

Removing polysaccharides-and saccharides-related coloring impurities in alkyl polyglycosides by bleaching with the H2O2/TAED/NaHCO3 system.

Science.gov (United States)

Yanmei, Liu; Jinliang, Tao; Jiao, Sun; Wenyi, Chen

2014-11-04

The effect of H2O2/TAED/NaHCO3 system, namely NaHCO3 as alkaline agent with the (tetra acetyl ethylene diamine (TAED)) TAED-activated peroxide system, bleaching of alkyl polyglycosides solution was studied by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the optimal bleaching conditions about H2O2/TAED/NaHCO3 system bleaching of alkyl polyglycosides solution were as follows: molar ratio of TAED to H2O2 was 0.06, addition of H2O2 was 8.6%, addition of NaHCO3 was 3.2%, bleaching temperature of 50-65 °C, addition of MgO was 0.13%, and bleaching time was 8h. If too much amount of NaHCO3 was added to the system and maintained alkaline pH, the bleaching effect would be greatly reduced. Fixing molar ratio of TAED to H2O2 and increasing the amount of H2O2 were beneficial to improve the whiteness of alkyl polyglycosides, but adding too much amount of H2O2 would reduce the transparency. In the TAED-activated peroxide system, NaHCO3 as alkaline agent and buffer agent, could overcome the disadvantage of producing black precipitates when NaOH as alkaline agent. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contribution of Na⁺,HCO₃^--cotransport to cellular pH control in human breast cancer

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bødtkjer, Ebbe; Moreira, José; Mele, Marco

2013-01-01

Genome-wide association studies recently linked the locus for Na(+) ,HCO(3) (-) -cotransporter NBCn1 (SLC4A7) to breast cancer susceptibility, yet functional insights have been lacking. To determine whether NBCn1, by transporting HCO(3) (-) into cells, may dispose of acid produced during high met...

Local work-function changes of Pt(111) studied by STM and IRAS: coadsorption of Cl - with H 3O +, NO, and CO molecules

Science.gov (United States)

Fukushima, Takashi; Song, Moon-Bong; Ito, Masatoki

2000-10-01

The coadsorption of chloride anion (Cl -) with hydronium cation (H 3O +), nitrogen monoxide (NO), and carbon monoxide (CO) on Pt(111) was studied in an ultra-high-vacuum system using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). HCl molecules adsorbed on Pt(111) at 100 K form a (3×3) structure ( θCl -=0.44). Water adsorption on the 3×3 structure produces c(4×2)-(Cl -+H 3O +) coadsorption structures. The hydronium cation adsorbs through oxygen lone pair, and hydrogen bonding (OH…Cl) extends on the surface with these structures. Stretching absorption bands of NO (or CO) adsorbed on the 3×3-Cl - and c(4×2)-(Cl -+H 3O +) adlayers on Pt(111) show remarkably higher and lower frequency shifts, respectively. The frequency shifts can be explained by the local charge density states of platinum atoms derived from electron withdrawal or supply from the coadsorbates (Cl - or H 3O +) to platinum atoms.

Computational Chemical Kinetics for the Reaction of Criegee Intermediate CH2OO with HNO3 and Its Catalytic Conversion to OH and HCO.

Science.gov (United States)

Raghunath, P; Lee, Yuan-Pern; Lin, M C

2017-05-25

The kinetics and mechanisms for the reaction of the Criegee intermediate CH 2 OO with HNO 3 and the unimolecular decomposition of its reaction product CH 2 (O)NO 3 are important in atmospheric chemistry. The potential-energy profile of the reactions predicted with the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ method shows that the initial association yields a prereaction complex that isomerizes by H migration to yield excited intermediate nitrooxymethyl hydroperoxide NO 3 CH 2 OOH* with internal energy ∼44 kcal mol -1 . A fragmentation of this excited intermediate produces CH 2 (O)NO 3 + OH with its transition state located 5.0 kcal mol -1 below that of the reactants. Further decomposition of CH 2 (O)NO 3 produces HCO + HNO 3 , forming a catalytic cycle for destruction of CH 2 OO by HNO 3 . The rate coefficients and product-branching ratios were calculated in the temperature range 250-700 K at pressure 20-760 Torr (N 2 ) using the variational-transition-state and Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theories. The predicted total rate coefficient for reaction CH 2 OO + HNO 3 at 295 K, 5.1 × 10 -10 cm 3 molecule -1 s -1 , agrees satisfactorily with the experimental value, (5.4 ± 1.0) × 10 -10 cm 3 molecule -1 s -1 . The predicted branching ratios at 295 K are 0.21 for the formation of NO 3 CH 2 OOH and 0.79 for CH 2 (O)NO 3 + OH at a pressure of 40 Torr (N 2 ), and 0.79 for the formation of NO 3 CH 2 OOH and 0.21 for CH 2 (O)NO 3 + OH at 760 Torr (N 2 ). This new catalytic conversion of CH 2 OO to HCO + OH by HNO 3 might have significant impact on atmospheric chemistry.

CO2 solubility in aqueous solutions containing Na+, Ca2+, Cl−, SO42− and HCO3-: The effects of electrostricted water and ion hydration thermodynamics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gilbert, Kimberly; Bennett, Philip C.; Wolfe, Will; Zhang, Tongwei; Romanak, Katherine D.

2016-01-01

Dissolution of CO 2 into deep subsurface brines for carbon sequestration is regarded as one of the few viable means of reducing the amount of CO 2 entering the atmosphere. Ions in solution partially control the amount of CO 2 that dissolves, but the mechanisms of the ion's influence are not clearly understood and thus CO 2 solubility is difficult to predict. In this study, CO 2 solubility was experimentally determined in water, NaCl, CaCl 2 , Na 2 SO 4, and NaHCO 3 solutions and a mixed brine similar to the Bravo Dome natural CO 2 reservoir; ionic strengths ranged up to 3.4 molal, temperatures to 140 °C, and CO 2 pressures to 35.5 MPa. Increasing ionic strength decreased CO 2 solubility for all solutions when the salt type remained unchanged, but ionic strength was a poor predictor of CO 2 solubility in solutions with different salts. A new equation was developed to use ion hydration number to calculate the concentration of electrostricted water molecules in solution. Dissolved CO 2 was strongly correlated (R 2  = 0.96) to electrostricted water concentration. Strong correlations were also identified between CO 2 solubility and hydration enthalpy and hydration entropy. These linear correlation equations predicted CO 2 solubility within 1% of the Bravo Dome brine and within 10% of two mixed brines from literature (a 10 wt % NaCl + KCl + CaCl 2 brine and a natural Na + , Ca 2+ , Cl − type brine with minor amounts of Mg 2+ , K + , Sr 2+ and Br − ). - Highlights: • Measured CO 2 solubility in Na + , Cl − , HCO 3 - , Ca 2+ and SO 4 2− solutions at high PCO 2 . • A new equation calculates electrostricted water (mol/kgw) from hydration number. • CO 2 solubility strongly correlates (R 2  = 0.96) to electrostricted water. • Ion electrostriction of water limits its availability for CO 2 caging and solvation. • Correlations predict CO 2 solubility of several mixed brines to within 1–9%.

Structural phase transitions in CsPbCl/sub 3/ and RbCdCl/sub 3/

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plesko, S; Kind, R; Roos, J [Swiss Federal Inst. of Technology, Zuerich. Lab. of Solid State Physics

1978-08-01

Structural phase transitions in CsPbCl/sub 3/ have been investigated by /sup 133/Cs and /sup 87/Rb nuclear magnetic resonance. The space groups of the room temperature phase in CsPbCl/sub 3/ and of two unknown phases in RbCdCl/sub 3/ could be clarified. Thus both perovskites show the same phase sequence from cubic Pm3m-O sub(h)sup(1) to tetragonal P4/mbm-D sub(4h)sup(5), orthorhombic Cmcm-D sub(2h)sup(17) and further orthorhombic Pnma-D sub(2h)sup(16).

H2S-induced HCO3- secretion in the rat stomach--involvement of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons.

Science.gov (United States)

Takeuchi, Koji; Ise, Fumitaka; Takahashi, Kento; Aihara, Eitaro; Hayashi, Shusaku

2015-04-30

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is known to be an important gaseous mediator that affects various functions under physiological and pathological conditions. We examined the effects of NaHS, a H2S donor, on HCO3(-) secretion in rat stomachs and investigated the mechanism involved in this response. Under urethane anesthesia, rat stomachs were mounted on an ex vivo chamber and perfused with saline. Acid secretion had been inhibited by omeprazole. The secretion of HCO3(-) was measured at pH 7.0 using a pH-stat method and by the addition of 10 mM HCl. NaHS (0.5-10 mM) was perfused in the stomach for 5 min. Indomethacin or L-NAME was administered s.c. before NaHS treatment, while glibenclamide (a KATP channel blocker), ONO-8711 (an EP1 antagonist), or propargylglycine (a cystathionine γ-lyase inhibitor) was given i.p. before. The mucosal perfusion of NaHS dose-dependently increased the secretion of HCO3(-), and this effect was significantly attenuated by indomethacin, L-NAME, and sensory deafferentation, but not by glibenclamide or ONO-8711. The luminal output of nitric oxide, but not the mucosal production of prostaglandin E2, was increased by the perfusion of NaHS. Mucosal acidification stimulated HCO3(-) secretion, and this response was inhibited by sensory deafferentation, indomethacin, L-NAME, and ONO-8711, but not by propargylglycine. These results suggested that H2S increased HCO3(-) secretion in the stomach, and this effect was mediated by capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons and dependent on nitric oxide and prostaglandins, but not ATP-sensitive K(+) channels. Further study is needed to define the role of endogenous H2S in the mechanism underlying acid-induced gastric HCO3(-) secretion. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Essential role of the electroneutral Na+-HCO3- cotransporter NBCn1 in murine duodenal acid-base balance and colonic mucus layer build-up in vivo.

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Anurag Kumar; Xia, Weiliang; Riederer, Brigitte; Juric, Marina; Li, Junhua; Zheng, Wen; Cinar, Ayhan; Xiao, Fang; Bachmann, Oliver; Song, Penghong; Praetorius, Jeppe; Aalkjaer, Christian; Seidler, Ursula

2013-04-15

Duodenal epithelial cells need efficient defence strategies during gastric acidification of the lumen, while colonic mucosa counteracts damage by pathogens by building up a bacteria-free adherent mucus layer. Transport of HCO3(-) is considered crucial for duodenal defence against acid as well as for mucus release and expansion, but the transport pathways involved are incompletely understood. This study investigated the significance of the electroneutral Na(+)-HCO3(-) cotransporter NBCn1 for duodenal defence against acid and colonic mucus release. NBCn1 was localized to the basolateral membrane of duodenal villous enterocytes and of colonic crypt cells, with predominant expression in goblet cells. Duodenal villous enterocyte intracellular pH was studied before and during a luminal acid load by two-photon microscopy in exteriorized, vascularly perfused, indicator (SNARF-1 AM)-loaded duodenum of isoflurane-anaesthetized, systemic acid-base-controlled mice. Acid-induced HCO3(-) secretion was measured in vivo by single-pass perfusion and pH-stat titration. After a luminal acid load, NBCn1-deficient duodenocytes were unable to recover rapidly from intracellular acidification and could not respond adequately with protective HCO3(-) secretion. In the colon, build-up of the mucus layer was delayed, and a decreased thickness of the adherent mucus layer was observed, suggesting that basolateral HCO3(-) uptake is essential for optimal release of mucus. The electroneutral Na(+)-HCO3(-) cotransporter NBCn1 displays a differential cellular distribution in the murine intestine and is essential for HCO3(-)-dependent mucosal protective functions, such as recovery of intracellular pH and HCO3(-) secretion in the duodenum and secretion of mucus in the colon.

Analysis of expressed sequence tags from a NaHCO(3)-treated alkali-tolerant plant, Chloris virgata.

Science.gov (United States)

Nishiuchi, Shunsaku; Fujihara, Kazumasa; Liu, Shenkui; Takano, Tetsuo

2010-04-01

Chloris virgata Swartz (C. virgata) is a gramineous wild plant that can survive in saline-alkali areas in northeast China. To examine the tolerance mechanisms of C. virgata, we constructed a cDNA library from whole plants of C. virgata that had been treated with 100 mM NaHCO(3) for 24 h and sequenced 3168 randomly selected clones. Most (2590) of the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) showed significant similarity to sequences in the NCBI database. Of the 2590 genes, 1893 were unique. Gene Ontology (GO) Slim annotations were obtained for 1081 ESTs by BLAST2GO and it was found that 75 genes of them were annotated with GO terms "response to stress", "response to abiotic stimulus", and "response to biotic stimulus", indicating these genes were likely to function in tolerance mechanism of C. virgata. In a separate experiment, 24 genes that are known from previous studies to be associated with abiotic stress tolerance were further examined by real-time RT-PCR to see how their expressions were affected by NaHCO(3) stress. NaHCO(3) treatment up-regulated the expressions of pathogenesis-related gene (DC998527), Win1 precursor gene (DC998617), catalase gene (DC999385), ribosome inactivating protein 1 (DC999555), Na(+)/H(+) antiporter gene (DC998043), and two-component regulator gene (DC998236). Copyright 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Haloacyl complexes of boron, [(CF3)3BC(O)Hal]- (Hal=F, Cl, Br, I).

Science.gov (United States)

Finze, Maik; Bernhardt, Eduard; Willner, Helge; Lehmann, Christian W

2005-11-04

The haloacyltris(trifluoromethyl)borate anions [(CF3)3BC(O)Hal]- (Hal=F, Cl, Br, I) have been synthesized by reacting (CF3)3BCO with either MHal (M=K, Cs; Hal=F) in SO2 or MHal (M=[nBu4N]+, [Et4N]+, [Ph4P]+; Hal=Cl, Br, I) in dichloromethane. Metathesis reactions of the fluoroacyl complex with Me3SiHal (Hal=Cl, Br, I) led to the formation of its higher homologues. The thermal stabilities of the haloacyltris(trifluoromethyl)borates decrease from the fluorine to the iodine derivative. The chemical reactivities decrease in the same order as demonstrated by a series of selected reactions. The new [(CF3)3BC(O)Hal]- (Hal=F, Cl, Br) salts are used as starting materials in the syntheses of novel compounds that contain the (CF3)3B-C fragment. All borate anions [(CF3)3BC(O)Hal]- (Hal=F, Cl, Br, I) have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (11B, 13C, 17O, 19F) and vibrational spectroscopy. [PPh4][(CF3)3BC(O)Br] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2/c (no. 13) and the bond parameters are compared with those of (CF3)3BCO and K[(CF3)3BC(O)F]. The interpretation of the spectroscopic and structural data are supported by DFT calculations [B3LYP/6-311+G(d)].

Rate constants for the reactions of OH with CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, and CH3Br

Science.gov (United States)

Hsu, K.-J.; Demore, W. B.

1994-01-01

Rate constants for the reactions of OH with CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, and CH3Br have been measured by a relative rate technique in which the reaction rate of each compound was compared to that of HFC-152a (CH3CHF2) and (for CH2Cl2) HFC-161 (CH3CH2F). Using absolute rate constants for HFC-152a and HFC-161, which we have determined relative to those for CH4, CH3CCl3, and C2H6, temperature dependent rate constants of both compounds were derived. The derived rate constant for CH3Br is in good agreement with recent absolute measurements. However, for the chloromethanes all the rate constants are lower at atmospheric temperatures than previously reported, especially for CH2Cl2 where the present rate constant is about a factor of 1.6 below the JPL 92-20 value. The new rate constant appears to resolve a discrepancy between the observed atmospheric concentrations and those calculated from the previous rate constant and estimated release rates.

The role of electrolyte anions (ClO4-, NO3-, and Cl-) in divalent metal (M2+) adsorption on oxide and hydroxide surfaces in salt solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Criscenti, L.J.; Sverjensky, D.A.

1999-01-01

Adsorption of divalent metal ions (M 2+ ) onto oxide and hydroxide surfaces from solutions of strong electrolytes has typically been inferred to take place without the involvement of the electrolyte anion. Only in situations where M 2+ forms a strong enough aqueous complex with the electrolyte anion (for example, CdCl + or PbCl + ) has it been frequently suggested that the metal and the electrolyte anion adsorb simultaneously. A review of experimental data for the adsorption of Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , Co 2+ , UO 2 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ba 2+ , Sr 2+ , and Ca 2+ onto quartz, silica, goethite, hydrous ferric oxide, corundum, γ-alumina, anatase, birnessite, and magnetite, from NaNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaCl, and NaClO 4 solutions over a wide range of ionic strengths (0.0001 M-1.0 M), reveals that transition and heavy metal adsorption behavior with ionic strength is a function of the type of electrolyte. In NaNO 3 solutions, metal adsorption exhibits little or no dependence on the ionic strength of the solution. However, in NaCl solutions, transition and heavy metal adsorption decreases strongly with increasing ionic strength. In NaClO 4 solutions, metal adsorption decreases strongly with increasing ionic strength. In NaClO 4 solutions, metal adsorption exhibits little dependence on ionic strength but is often suggestive of an increase in metal adsorption with increasing ionic strength. Analysis of selected adsorption edges was carried out using the extended triple-layer model and aqueous speciation models that included metal-nitrate, metal-chloride, and metal-hydroxide complexes

Radiative forcing calculations for CH3Cl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grossman, A.S.; Grant, K.E.; Wuebbles, D.J.

1994-06-01

Methyl chloride, CH 3 Cl, is the major natural source of chlorine to the stratosphere. The production of CH 3 Cl is dominated by biological sources from the oceans and biomass burning. Production has a seasonal cycle which couples with the short lifetime of tropospheric CH 3 Cl to produce nonuniform global mixing. As an absorber of infrared radiation, CH 3 Cl is of interest for its potential affect on the tropospheric energy balance as well as for its chemical interactions. In this study, we estimate the radiative forcing and global warming potential (GWP) of CH 3 Cl. Our calculations use an infrared radiative transfer model based on the correlated k-distribution algorithm for band absorption. Global and annual average vertical profiles of temperature and trace gas concentration were assumed. The effects of clouds are modeled using three layers of global and annual average cloud optical properties. A radiative forcing value of 0.0053 W/m 2 ppbv was obtained for CH 3 Cl and is approximately linear in the background abundance. This value is about 2 percent of the forcing of CFC-11 and about 300 times the forcing of CO 2 , on a per molecule basis. The radiative forcing calculation for CH 3 Cl is used to estimate the global warming potential (GWP) of CH 3 Cl. The results give GWPs for CH 3 Cl of the order of 25 at a time of 20 years(CO 2 = 1). This result indicates that CH 3 Cl has the potential to be a major greenhouse gas if significant human related emissions were introduced into the atmosphere

A data base for thermodynamic modeling of +III actinide solubility in concentrated Na-Cl-SO4-CO3-PO4 electrolytes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Novak, C.F.; Crafts, C.C.; Dhooge, N.J.

1995-01-01

The literature contains thermodynamic parameters for describing the chemical behavior of the following: Am(III) in dilute NaHCO 3 media; Nd(III) in dilute to concentrated Na 2 CO 3 and NaHCO 3 media; Pu(III) in dilute to concentrated NaCl media; Nd(III)/Am(III) in dilute to concentrated Na 2 SO 4 media; and Am(III) in NaH 2 PO 4 media. We have combined this information into a thermodynamic data base for the general +III actinide, An(III), using the analogy for chemical behavior of f-elements in the same oxidation state. This internally consistent data base is based on equilibrium thermodynamics and the specific ion interaction activity coefficient formalism of Pitzer. This data base forms the basis for the prediction of potential Am(III) and Pu(III) dissolved concentrations in the concentrated natural brines associated with the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in Southeastern New Mexico, USA

Integrated responses of Na+/HCO3- cotransporters and V-type H+-ATPases in the fish gill and kidney during respiratory acidosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Perry, S F; Furimsky, M; Bayaa, M; Georgalis, T; Shahsavarani, A; Nickerson, J G; Moon, T W

2003-12-30

Using degenerate primers, followed by 3' and 5' RACE and "long" PCR, a continuous 4050-bp cDNA was obtained and sequenced from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill. The cDNA included an open reading frame encoding a deduced protein of 1088 amino acids. A BLAST search of the GenBank protein database demonstrated that the trout gene shared high sequence similarity with several vertebrate Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) cotransporters (NBCs) and in particular, NBC1. Protein alignment revealed that the trout NBC is >80% identical to vertebrate NBC1s and phylogenetic analysis provided additional evidence that the trout NBC is indeed a homolog of NBC1. Using the same degenerate primers, a partial cDNA (404 bp) for NBC was obtained from eel (Anguilla rostrata) kidney. Analysis of the tissue distribution of trout NBC, as determined by Northern blot analysis and real-time PCR, indicated high transcript levels in several absorptive/secretory epithelia including gill, kidney and intestine and significant levels in liver. NBC mRNA was undetectable in eel gill by real-time PCR. In trout, the levels of gill NBC1 mRNA were increased markedly during respiratory acidosis induced by exposure to hypercarbia; this response was accompanied by a transient increase in branchial V-type H(+)-ATPase mRNA levels. Assuming that the branchial NBC1 is localised to basolateral membranes of gill cells and operates in the influx mode (HCO(3)(-) and Na(+) entry into the cell), it would appear that in trout, the expression of branchial NBC1 is transcriptionally regulated to match the requirements of gill pHi regulation rather than to match trans-epithelial HCO(3)(-) efflux requirements for systemic acid-base balance. By analogy with mammalian systems, NBC1 in the kidney probably plays a role in the tubular reabsorption of both Na(+) and HCO(3)(-). During periods of respiratory acidosis, levels of renal NBC1 mRNA increased (after a transient reduction) in both trout and eel, presumably to increase HCO(3

ALMA HCN AND HCO{sup +} J  = 3 − 2 OBSERVATIONS OF OPTICAL SEYFERT AND LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES: CONFIRMATION OF ELEVATED HCN-TO-HCO{sup +} FLUX RATIOS IN AGNS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Imanishi, Masatoshi; Nakanishi, Kouichiro [National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 (Japan); Izumi, Takuma, E-mail: masa.imanishi@nao.ac.jp [Institute of Astronomy, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0015 (Japan)

2016-12-01

We present the results of our ALMA observations of three active galactic nucleus (AGN)-dominated nuclei in optical Seyfert 1 galaxies (NGC 7469, I Zw 1, and IC 4329 A) and eleven luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) with various levels of infrared estimated energetic contributions by AGNs at the HCN and HCO{sup +} J  = 3 − 2 emission lines. The HCN and HCO{sup +} J  = 3 − 2 emission lines are clearly detected at the main nuclei of all sources, except for IC 4329 A. The vibrationally excited ( v {sub 2} = 1f) HCN J  = 3 − 2 and HCO{sup +} J  = 3 − 2 emission lines are simultaneously covered, and HCN v {sub 2} = 1f J  = 3 − 2 emission line signatures are seen in the main nuclei of two LIRGs, IRAS 12112+0305 and IRAS 22491–1808, neither of which shows clear buried AGN signatures in the infrared. If the vibrational excitation is dominated by infrared radiative pumping, through the absorption of infrared 14 μ m photons, primarily originating from AGN-heated hot dust emission, then these two LIRGs may contain infrared-elusive, but (sub)millimeter-detectable, extremely deeply buried AGNs. These vibrationally excited emission lines are not detected in the three AGN-dominated optical Seyfert 1 nuclei. However, the observed HCN v {sub 2} = 1f to v  = 0 flux ratios in these optical Seyferts are still consistent with the intrinsic flux ratios in LIRGs with detectable HCN v {sub 2} = 1f emission lines. The observed HCN-to-HCO{sup +} J  = 3 − 2 flux ratios tend to be higher in galactic nuclei with luminous AGN signatures compared with starburst-dominated regions, as previously seen at J  = 1 − 0 and J  = 4 − 3.

Investigations on the properties of NH4HCO3 filled natural rubber based magnetorheological elastomers (MREs)

Science.gov (United States)

Fan, Lili; Wang, Guoping; Wang, Wenju; Shi, Guanxin; Yang, Fufeng; Rui, Xiaoting

2018-04-01

Various anisotropic magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) were synthesized using the rubber mixing technique. Magnetic and temperature distributions of the experimental equipment and test instruments were analyzed by the ANSYS. NH4HCO3 was filled in the natural rubber matrix to modify properties of MREs. Microstructures and compositions of samples were studied by the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) analysis and x-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Via vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and density functional theory (DFT) method, the magnetic property of carbonyl iron (CI) was illuminated. The shear storage modulus and MR effect of MREs were investigated by the dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). It indicated that distributions of magnetic and temperature in the experimental and testing devices were uniform. Before vulcanization, CI particles were uniformly distributed in the matrix, while a CI chain structure was formed and embedded in the matrix after the vulcanization process. Moderate addition of NH4HCO3 accelerated the rubber vulcanization and enhanced the MR effect.

CH_3Cl, CH_2Cl_2, CHCl_3, and CCl_4: Infrared spectra, radiative efficiencies, and global warming potentials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wallington, Timothy J.; Pivesso, Bruno Pasquini; Lira, Alane Moura; Anderson, James E.; Nielsen, Claus Jørgen; Andersen, Niels Højmark; Hodnebrog, Øivind

2016-01-01

Infrared spectra for the title compounds were measured experimentally in 700 Torr of air at 295 K and systematically modeled in B3LYP, M06-2X and MP2 calculations employing various basis sets. Calibrated infrared spectra over the wavenumber range 600–3500 cm"−"1 are reported and combined with literature data to provide spectra for use in experimental studies and radiative transfer calculations. Integrated absorption cross sections are (units of cm"−"1 molecule"−"1): CH_3Cl, 660–780 cm"−"1, (3.89±0.19)×10"−"1"8; CH_2Cl_2, 650–800 cm"−"1, (2.16±0.11)×10"−"1"7; CHCl_3, 720–810 cm"−"1, (4.08±0.20)×10"−"1"7; and CCl_4, 730–825 cm"−"1, (6.30±0.31)×10"−"1"7. CH_3Cl, CH_2Cl_2, CHCl_3, and CCl_4 have radiative efficiencies of 0.004, 0.028, 0.070, and 0.174 W m"−"2 ppb"−"1 and global warming potentials (100 year horizon) of 5, 8, 15, and 1775, respectively. Quantum chemistry calculations generally predict larger band intensities than the experimental values. The best agreement with experiments is obtained in MP2(Full) calculations employing basis sets of at least triple-zeta quality augmented by diffuse functions. The B3LYP functional is found ill-suited for calculating vibrational frequencies and infrared intensities of halocarbons. - Highlights: • Infrared spectra reported for CH_3Cl, CH_2Cl_2, CHCl_3, and CCl_4. • REs of CH_3Cl, CH_2Cl_2, CHCl_3, and CCl_4 are 0.004, 0.028, 0.070, and 0.174 W m"−"2 ppb"−"1, respectively. • GWPs of CH_3Cl, CH_2Cl_2, CHCl_3, and CCl_4 are 5, 8, 15, and 1775, respectively.

Measurements of the liquidus surface and solidus transitions of the NaCl–UCl_3 and NaCl–UCl_3–CeCl_3 phase diagrams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sooby, E.S.; Nelson, A.T.; White, J.T.; McIntyre, P.M.

2015-01-01

NaCl–UCl_3–PuCl_3 is proposed as the fuel salt for a number of molten salt reactor concepts. No experimental data exists for the ternary system, and limited data is available for the binary compositions of this salt system. Differential scanning calorimetry is used in this study to examine the liquidus surface and solidus transition of a surrogate fuel-salt (NaCl–UCl_3–CeCl_3) and to reinvestigate the NaCl–UCl_3 eutectic phase diagram. The results of this study show good agreement with previously reported data for the pure salt compounds used (NaCl, UCl_3, and CeCl_3) as well as for the eutectic points for the NaCl–UCl_3 and NaCl–CeCl_3 binary systems. The NaCl–UCl_3 liquidus surface produced in this study predicts a 30–40 "°C increase on the NaCl-rich side of the binary phase diagram. The increase in liquidus temperature could prove significant to molten salt reactor modeling.

Crystal Structure of Na3MoCl6

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martin Beran

2011-07-01

Full Text Available The ternary chloride Na3MoCl6 is obtained as red crystals from a disproportionation reaction of molybdenum dichloride, {Mo6}Cl12, in an acidic NaCl/AlCl3 melt at 350 °C. The crystal structure (trigonal, P-31c, a = 687.1(1, c = 1225.3(2 pm, Z = 2, V = 501,0(1 106 pm3 is that of Na3CrCl6: within a hexagonal closest-packing of chloride ions two thirds of the octahedral voids are filled between the AB double layers with Na+/Mo3+, and between the BA layers with Na+.

Study of the structural phase transitions of (CH 3NH 3) 3Sb 2Cl 9 (MACA) and (CH 3NH 3) 3Bi 2Cl 9 (MACB) by infrared spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Bator, G.; Jakubas, R.; Malarski, Z.

1991-06-01

Infrared spectra of polycrystalline (CH 3NH 3) 3Sb 2Cl 9 and (CH 3NH 3) 3Bi 2Cl 9 have been studied in the temperature range 90-300 K. A systematic temperature dependence study of the internal modes has been carried out. We discuss the effects of the dynamic state of methylammonium (MA) cations on their vibrational spectra. The results show that the dynamics of MA cations in both compounds is similar in higher (about 300 K) and lower temperature (in the vicinity of 100 K) regions. Substantial differences are revealed in the intermediate temperature interval. The results are in good agreement with earlier dielectric, calorimetric and 1H NMR studies.

Transparent CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}SnCl{sub 3}/Al-ZnO p-n heterojunction diode

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumar, Sunil, E-mail: skbgudha@gmail.com; Ansari, Mohd Zubair; Khare, Neeraj [Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi-110016 (India)

2016-05-23

A p-type Organic inorganic tin chloride (CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}SnCl{sub 3}) perovskite thin film has been synthesized by solution method. An n-type 1% Al doped ZnO (AZO) film has been deposited on FTO substrate by ultrasonic assisted chemical vapor deposition technique. A transparent CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}SnCl{sub 3}/AZO p-n heterojunction diode has been fabricated by spin coating technique. CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}SnCl{sub 3}/AZO p-n heterojunction shows 75% transparency in the visible region. I-V characteristic of CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}SnCl{sub 3}/AZO p-n heterojunction shows rectifying behavior of the diode. The diode parameters calculated as ideality factor η=2.754 and barrier height Φ= 0.76 eV. The result demonstrates the potentiality of CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}SnCl{sub 3}/AZO p-n heterojunction for transparent electronics.

Dissolved nitrates in the groundwater of the Cecina Plain (Tuscany, Central-Western Italy): Clues from the isotopic signature of NO3-

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nisi, B.; Vaselli, O.; Delgado Huertas, A.; Tassi, F.

2013-01-01

Highlights: ► Nitrate pollution in the Cecina Plain (Tuscany, Italy) multi-aquifer system. ► Anthropogenic pollution by fertilizers, manure and sewage. ► δ 15 N–NO 3 and δ 18 O–NO 3 to recognize NO 3 sources and processes. ► Monitoring of δ 15 N–NO 3 and δ 18 O–NO 3 for remediation programs. - Abstract: Anthropogenic NO 3 - is one of the most serious pollutants in the groundwaters from the multi-aquifer system of the Cecina Plain (Tuscany, central-western Italy). According to the EC Directive (91/676/CEE), the local administration of Tuscany has declared the Cecina Plain as “vulnerable by nitrates”. Determining the origin and the source(s) of NO 3 - contamination is an important step prior to any remediation program. In the present work a geochemical survey was carried out on 92 groundwater samples collected in June and October 2006 to highlight the natural and anthropogenic features that concur with the observed chemical composition. The geochemical facies of the water samples is dominated by Ca(Mg)–HCO 3 and Ca(Mg)–SO 4 (Cl) and, subordinately, by Na(Ca)–Cl(SO 4 ), likely resulting by water–rock interaction processes between meteoric-derived groundwaters with the sedimentary formations characterizing the Cecina Plain, at which ingression of seawater in the coastal area is also added. A mixing model, based on ionic ratios (NO 3 /Na, Cl/Na, Cl/Br), was applied to distinguish the anthropogenic sources (e.g. sewage, agriculture input) from natural sources (e.g. seawater intrusion). Selected samples were analyzed for the isotopic composition of NO 3 - (δ 15 N–NO 3 and δ 18 O–NO 3 ) to formulate hypotheses on its origin and the processes this component may suffer in the water system. Nitrate concentrations range from ∼0.01 to 354 mg/L. About 35% and 19% of the sampled wells in June and October 2006, respectively, had levels of NO 3 - higher that those recommended by the World Health Organization (<50 mg/L). The δ 18 O–e δ 15

A Novel Mechanism of pH Buffering in C. elegans Glia: Bicarbonate Transport via the Voltage-Gated ClC Cl− Channel CLH-1

Science.gov (United States)

Grant, Jeff; Matthewman, Cristina

2015-01-01

An important function of glia is the maintenance of the ionic composition and pH of the synaptic microenvironment. In terms of pH regulation, HCO3− buffering has been shown to be important in both glia and neurons. Here, we used in vivo fluorescent pH imaging and RNA sequencing of the amphid sheath glia of Caenorhabditis elegans to reveal a novel mechanism of cellular HCO3− uptake. While the classical mechanism of HCO3− uptake involves Na+/HCO3− cotransporters, here we demonstrate that the C. elegans ClC Cl− channel CLH-1 is highly permeable to HCO3− and mediates HCO3− uptake into amphid sheath glia. CLH-1 has homology and electrophysiological properties similar to the mammalian ClC-2 Cl− channel. Our data suggest that, in addition to maintaining synaptic Cl− concentration, these channels may also be involved in maintenance of synaptic pH via HCO3− flux. These findings provide an exciting new facet of study regarding how pH is regulated in the brain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Maintenance of pH is essential for the physiological function of the nervous system. HCO3− is crucial for pH regulation and is transported into the cell via ion transporters, including ion channels, the molecular identity of which remains unclear. In this manuscript, we describe our discovery that the C. elegans amphid sheath glia regulate intracellular pH via HCO3− flux through the voltage-gated ClC channel CLH-1. This represents a novel function for ClC channels, which has implications for their possible role in mammalian glial pH regulation. This discovery may also provide a novel therapeutic target for pathologic conditions, such as ischemic stroke where acidosis leads to widespread death of glia and subsequently neurons. PMID:26674864

Influence of extracellular HCO3- and pH on lysine (LYS) and leucine (LEU) uptake and metabolism in swine renal tubules

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Patience, J.F.; Esteve-Garcia, E.; Austic, R.E.

1986-01-01

Fragments of renal tubules prepared by collagenase treatment of renal cortex were suspended to Krebs-Henseleit buffers which were modified to contain 10, 25 and 35 mM HCO 3 - at pH 7.4, or 25 mM HCO 3 - at pH 7.1, 7.4 and 7.7. Buffers were oxygenated with O 2 -CO 2 gas mixtures varying in carbon dioxide concentration prior to incubation. Approximately 100 mg tubules were incubated with shaking at 37 0 C for 30 min in serum-stoppered 25 ml Erlenmeyer flasks in 3.0 ml of buffer containing 0.1% dialyzed bovine serum albumin, 5 mM D-glucose and 0.3 mM L-[U- 14 C]-lysine or L-[1- 14 C]-leucine. The incorporation of carbon-14 into CO 2 and into 10% sulfosalicylic acid (SSA)-soluble and SSA-insoluble fractions of the incubation mixture was determined. Low (10mM) bicarbonate reduced the incorporation of lys and leu into protein but did not substantially affect the recovery of 14 CO 2 from either amino acid. High pH (7.7) resulted in reduced incorporation of lys and leu into protein, and decreased the oxidation of lys but not leu. The specific activity of lys (leu was not determined) in the SSA-soluble fraction was unaffected by bicarbonate or pH. The authors conclude that variations in extracellular pH and HCO 3 - (or pCO 2 ) affect the metabolism of amino acids by renal tubules and that low extracellular HCO 3 - (or pCO 2 ) may depress the incorporation of amino acids into protein

Investigation of the magnetic structure of KFeCl3, KFeBr3, Rb2MnCl4, and Rb3Mn2Cl7 compounds with magnetic correlations in one and two dimensions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gurewitz, E.

1976-12-01

The crystallographic structure of KFeCl 3 and KFeBr 3 consists of (FeCl) - octahedra packed in isolated zigzagging chains. These compounds order antiferromagnetically at Tsub(N) approximately 16 deg K and Tsub(N) approximately 9.5 deg K, respectively. Below Tsub(N) the Fe 2+ magnetic moments within a chain are ferromagnetically coupled, parallel to the chain axis, while the chains are coupled antiferromagnetically. In the temperatures Tsub(N) 3 has magnetic correlations within the chains only, whereas the correlations between the chains are negligible. Moessbauer effect measurements at these temperatures show a distinct hyperfine magnetic splitting, characteristic of relaxation phenomena. Cs 2 MnCl 4 , Rb 2 MnCl 4 and Rb 3 Mn 2 Cl 7 belong to the Asub(n+1)Bsub(n)Xsub(3n+1) family of compounds, with the Dsub(4h)sup(17) space group. These compounds order antiferromagnetically at Tsub(N) approximately 55 deg K for Cs 2 MnCl 4 and Rb 2 MnCl 4 , and Tsub(N) approximately 64.5 deg K for Rb 3 Mn 2 Cl 7 . Below Tsub(N) each Mn 2+ moment is along the c-axis and is coupled antiferromagnetically to the moments of its nearest neighbours (nn). These compounds behave like a two-dimensional antiferromagnet at T >= Tsub(N). Neutron scans of the reciprocal space exhibit rods of reflections along c vectorsup(*). The negligible interactions between next nn sets of MnCl 2 layers, a distance c vector apart, yield both in Rb 2 MnCl 4 and in Rb 3 Mn 2 Cl 7 , two distinctive magnetic structures (polytypes) below Tsub(N). (author)

DOC:NO3- ratios and NO3- uptake in forested headwater streams

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez-Cardona, Bianca; Wymore, Adam S.; McDowell, William H.

2016-01-01

The underlying mechanisms driving the coupled interactions between inorganic nitrogen uptake and dissolved organic matter are not well understood, particularly in surface waters. To determine the relationship between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) quantity and nitrate (NO3-) uptake kinetics in streams, we performed a series of NO3- Tracer Additions for Spiraling Curve Characterization experiments in four streams within the Lamprey River Watershed, New Hampshire, across a range in background DOC concentrations (1-8 mg C/L). Experiments were performed throughout the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Across streams and experimental dates, ambient uptake velocity (Vf) correlated positively with increasing DOC concentrations and DOC:NO3- ratios but was only weakly negatively associated with NO3- concentrations. Ambient NO3- Vf was unrelated to pH, light, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance at 254 nm. Although there were general tendencies across the entire Lamprey River Watershed, individual sites behaved differently in their uptake kinetics. NO3- uptake dynamics in the Lamprey River Watershed are most strongly influenced by DOC concentrations rather than NO3- concentrations or physicochemical parameters, which have been identified as regional- to continental-scale drivers in previous research. Understanding the fundamental relationships between dissolved organic matter and inorganic nutrients will be important as global and climatic changes influence the delivery and production of DOC and NO3- in aquatic ecosystems.

Cold white light generation through the simultaneous emission from Ce{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+} and Mn{sup 2+} in 90Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}{center_dot}2CeCl{sub 3}{center_dot}3DyCl{sub 3}{center_dot}5MnCl{sub 2} thin film

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonzalez, W. [Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, P.O. Box 55-534, Mexico, D.F. 09340 (Mexico); Alvarez, E. [Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de Sonora (UNISON), Boulevard Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000 (Mexico); Martinez-Martinez, R.; Yescas-Mendoza, E. [Instituto de Fisica y Matematicas, Universidad Tecnologica de la Mixteca, Carretera a Acatlima Km. 2.5, Huajuapan de Leon, Oaxaca 69000 (Mexico); Camarillo, I. [Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, P.O. Box 55-534, Mexico, D.F. 09340 (Mexico); Caldino, U., E-mail: cald@xanum.uam.mx [Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, P.O. Box 55-534, Mexico, D.F. 09340 (Mexico)

2012-08-15

The photoluminescence of a CeCl{sub 3}, DyCl{sub 3} and MnCl{sub 2} doped aluminum oxide film deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis was characterized by excitation, emission and decay time spectroscopy. A nonradiative energy transfer from Ce{sup 3+} to Dy{sup 3+} and Mn{sup 2+} is observed upon UV excitation at 278 nm (peak emission wavelength of AlGaN-based LEDs). Such energy transfer leads to a simultaneous emission of these ions in the blue, green, yellow and red regions, resulting in white light emission with CIE1931 chromaticity coordinates, x=0.34 and y=0.23, which correspond to cold white light with a color temperature of 4900 K. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer 90Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}{center_dot}2CeCl{sub 3}{center_dot}3DyCl{sub 3}{center_dot}5MnCl{sub 2} thin film (AOCDM) could be prepared by spray pyrolysis. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Non-radiative energy transfer from Ce{sup 3+} to Dy{sup 3+} and Mn{sup 2+} takes place in AOCDM. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer AOCDM (pumped with 278 nm-UV light) can generate 4900 K cold white light.

Electronic absorption bands of HoCl3 and SmCl3 complexes in alcohols

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ramesh Babu, V.; Buddhudu, S.; Rangarajan, V.N.

1987-01-01

The normal absorption and second derivative spectra of ten alcoholic complexes of HoCl 3 and SmCl 3 were recorded. From the observed bands, energies and intensity values were measured. To fit in these measured values with the theoretical values, a set of spectroscopic parameters namely, Judd-Ofelt (T 2 , T 4 , T 6 ), intensity (Ω 2 , Ω 4 , Ω 6 ) had been computed. A good fit of intensities was obtained between the experimental and theoretical data. The environmental influences on the intensities of the hypersensitive transitions of Sm(III) and Ho(III) ions were found to be noteworthy. (author). 7 tables, 20 refs

Prediction ofWater Quality Parameters (NO3, CL in Karaj Riverby Usinga Combinationof Wavelet Neural Network, ANN and MLRModels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T. Rajaee

2016-10-01

Full Text Available IntroductionThe water quality is an issue of ongoing concern. Evaluation of the quantity and quality of running waters is considerable in hydro-environmental management.The prediction and control of the quality of Karaj river water, as one of the important needed water supply sources of Tehran, possesses great importance. In this study, Performance of Artificial Neural Network (ANN, Wavelet Neural Network combination (WANN and multi linear regression (MLR models, to predict next month the Nitrate (NO3 and Chloride (CL ions of "gate ofBylaqan sluice" station located in Karaj River has been evaluated. Materials and MethodsIn this research two separate ANN models for prediction of NO3 and CL has been expanded. Each one of the parameters for prediction (NO3 / CL has been put related to the past amounts of the same time series (NO3 / CL and its amounts of Q in past months.From astatisticalperiod of10yearswas usedforthe input of the models. Hence 80% of entire data from (96 initial months of data as training set, next 10% of data (12 months and 10% of the end of time series (terminal 12 months were considered as for validation and test of the models, respectively. In WANNcombination model, the real monthly observed time series of river discharge (Q and mentioned qualityparameters(NO3 / CL were decomposed to some sub-time series at different levels by wavelet analysis.Then the decomposed quality parameters to predict and Q time series were used at different levels as inputs to the ANN technique for predicting one-step-ahead Nitrate and Chloride. These time series play various roles in the original time series and the behavior of each is distinct, so the contribution to the original time series varies from each other. In addition, prediction of high NO3 and CL values greater than mean of data that have great importancewere investigated by the models. The capability of the models was evaluated by Coefficient of Efficiency (E and the Root Mean Square

Effects of sodium bicarbonate on the end-tidal CO[sub 2], PaCO[sub 2], HCO[sub 3][sup -], PH and cerebral blood flow

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Komatani, Akio; Akutsu, Tooru; Yoshida, Michihiko; Yamaguchi, Koichi; Seo, Hiroshi (Yamagata Univ. (Japan). School of Medicine)

1992-09-01

To estimate the quantitative reactivity of cerebral blood flow (CBF), the effects of sodium bicarbonate on the end-tidal CO[sub 2], arterial partial pressure of CO[sub 2] (PaCO[sub 2]), HCO[sub 3][sup -], pH and CBF were examined. The CBF was measured by [sup 133]Xe inhalation method with ring type SPECT (HEADTOME). Activation study with sodium bicarbonate administration was performed after 30 minutes of resting study, and the reactivity of each parameters was investigated. The arterial HCO[sub 3][sup -] and pH increased with similar reactivity, but PaCO[sub 2], end-tidal CO[sub 2] and CBF in the non-injured hemisphere changed with irregular reactivity. The excellent correlation between PaCO[sub 2] and end-tidal CO[sub 2] was vanished by the administration of sodium bicarbonate. The reactivity of CBF did not correlate with reactivity of PaCO[sub 2] and end-tidal CO[sub 2], but correlated with arterial HCO[sub 3][sup -] and pH. Thus the measurement of arterial HCO[sub 3][sup -] and pH may be indispensable to estimate the CBF reactivity with the administration of sodium bicarbonate. (author).

FeCl3- and GaCl3-Catalyzed Dehydrative Coupling Reaction of Chromone-Derived Morita-Baylis-Hillman Alcohols with Terminal Alkynes%FeCl3- and GaCl3-Catalyzed Dehydrative Coupling Reaction of Chromone-Derived Morita-Baylis-Hillman Alcohols with Terminal Alkynes

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

武陈; 曾皓; 刘哲; 刘利; 王东; 陈拥军

2011-01-01

FeCl3- and GaCl3-catalyzed dehydrative coupling reactions of chromone-derived Morita-Baylis-Hillman （MBH） alcohols with terminal alkynes were developed. The reactions provided exclusively a-regioselective and acetylene-substituted products in good yields.

Strong shift from HCO3 (-) to CO 2 uptake in Emiliania huxleyi with acidification: new approach unravels acclimation versus short-term pH effects.

Science.gov (United States)

Kottmeier, Dorothee M; Rokitta, Sebastian D; Tortell, Philippe D; Rost, Björn

2014-09-01

Effects of ocean acidification on Emiliania huxleyi strain RCC 1216 (calcifying, diploid life-cycle stage) and RCC 1217 (non-calcifying, haploid life-cycle stage) were investigated by measuring growth, elemental composition, and production rates under different pCO2 levels (380 and 950 μatm). In these differently acclimated cells, the photosynthetic carbon source was assessed by a (14)C disequilibrium assay, conducted over a range of ecologically relevant pH values (7.9-8.7). In agreement with previous studies, we observed decreased calcification and stimulated biomass production in diploid cells under high pCO2, but no CO2-dependent changes in biomass production for haploid cells. In both life-cycle stages, the relative contributions of CO2 and HCO3 (-) uptake depended strongly on the assay pH. At pH values ≤ 8.1, cells preferentially used CO2 (≥ 90 % CO2), whereas at pH values ≥ 8.3, cells progressively increased the fraction of HCO3 (-) uptake (~45 % CO2 at pH 8.7 in diploid cells; ~55 % CO2 at pH 8.5 in haploid cells). In contrast to the short-term effect of the assay pH, the pCO2 acclimation history had no significant effect on the carbon uptake behavior. A numerical sensitivity study confirmed that the pH-modification in the (14)C disequilibrium method yields reliable results, provided that model parameters (e.g., pH, temperature) are kept within typical measurement uncertainties. Our results demonstrate a high plasticity of E. huxleyi to rapidly adjust carbon acquisition to the external carbon supply and/or pH, and provide an explanation for the paradoxical observation of high CO2 sensitivity despite the apparently high HCO3 (-) usage seen in previous studies.

Relationship between HCO_3"- concentration to weight of C_6H_6 of environmental isotop "1"4C analysis and its relationship with sampling in the field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Satrio; Rasi Prasetio

2016-01-01

It has been done the groundwater sampling process of deep aquifer in Jakarta and surrounding areas for the analysis of environmental isotope "1"4C. Groundwater sampling was preceded by calculating the concentration of HCO_3"- (bicarbonate ion) through titration in the field. The number of repetitions of sampling is determined by the concentration data of HCO_3"- which obtained. The Repetition of this sampling will determine the acquisition of a solution of C_6H_6 (benzene) during the synthesis process benzene. In the field, the sampling is done by extracting of 60 liters of water to precipitate BaCO_3. The sampling process is repeated based on data from the bicarbonate ion concentration. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship between the concentration of HCO_3"- to the weights C_6H_6 which obtained in the analysis of environmental isotope "1"4C and evaluate the number of repetitions of the sampling that should be done. Based on the analysis of titration in the field, shows that concentration HCO_3"- ranged between 180 - 600 ppm with the acquisition of benzene between 1.84 to 4.5 grams. There is a strong relationship between the concentration of HCO_3"- and C_6H_6 weights obtained in the process of synthesis of benzene with a correlation of about 0.900. This correlation can be improved by measuring the concentration of HCO_3"- in advance in the laboratory tend to be more accurate than in the field. (author)

Diphosphine- and CO-Induced Fragmentation of Chloride-bridged Dinuclear Complex and Cp*Ir(mu-Cl)(3)Re(CO)(3) and Attempted Synthesis of Cp*Ir(mu-Cl)(3)Mn(CO)(3): Spectroscopic Data and X-ray Diffraction Structures of the Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Compounds [Cp*IrCl{(Z)-Ph2PCH = CHPPh2}][Cl]center dot 2CHCl(3) and Cp*Ir(CO)Cl-2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hammons, Casey [University of North Texas; Wang, Xiaoping [ORNL; Nesterov, Vladimir [University of North Texas; Richmond, Michael G. [University of North Texas

2010-01-01

The confacial bioctahedral compound Cp*Ir(mu-Cl)(3)Re(CO)(3) (1) undergoes rapid fragmentation in the presence of the unsaturated diphosphine ligand (Z)-Ph2PCH = CHPPh2 to give the mononuclear compounds [Cp*IrCl {(Z)-Ph2PCH = CHPPh2}][Cl] (2) and fac-ClRe(CO)(3)[(Z)-Ph2PCH = CHPPh2] (3). 2 has been characterized by H-1 and P-31 NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. 2 center dot 2CHCl(3) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, a = 35.023 (8) angstrom, b = 10.189 (2) angstrom, c = 24.003 (6) angstrom, b = 103.340 (3), V = 8,335 (3) angstrom 3, Z = 8, and d(calc) = 1.647 Mg/m(3); R = 0.0383, R-w = 0.1135 for 8,178 reflections with I> 2 sigma(I). The Ir(III) center in 2 exhibits a six-coordinate geometry and displays a chelating diphosphine group. Compound 1 reacts with added CO with fragmentation to yield the known compounds Cp*Ir(CO)Cl-2 (4) and ClRe(CO)(5) (5) in near quantitative yield by IR spectroscopy. Using the protocol established by our groups for the synthesis of 1, we have explored the reaction of [Cp*IrCl2](2) with ClMn(CO)(5) as a potential route to Cp*Ir(mu-Cl)(3)Mn(CO)(3); unfortunately, 4 was the only product isolated from this reaction. The solid-state structure of 4 was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. 4 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1, a = 7.4059 (4) angstrom, b = 7.8940 (4) angstrom, c = 11.8488 (7) angstrom, alpha = 80.020 (1), beta = 79.758 (1), gamma = 68.631 (1), V = 630.34 (6) angstrom(3), Z = 2, and d(calc) = 2.246 Mg/m(3); R = 0.0126, R-w = 0.0329 for 2,754 reflections with I> 2 sigma(I). The expected three-legged piano-stool geometry in 4 has been crystallographically confirmed.

Stable Chloro- and Bromoxenate Cage Anions; [X3(XeO3)3]3- and [X4(XeO3)4]4- (X = Cl or Br).

Science.gov (United States)

Goettel, James T; Haensch, Veit G; Schrobilgen, Gary J

2017-06-28

The number of isolable compounds which contain different noble-gas-element bonds is limited for xenon and even more so for krypton. Examples of Xe-Cl bonds are rare, and prior to this work, no Xe-Br bonded compound had been isolated in macroscopic quantities. The syntheses, isolation, and characterization of the first compounds to contain Xe-Br bonds and their chlorine analogues are described in the present work. The reactions of XeO 3 with [N(CH 3 ) 4 ]Br and [N(C 2 H 5 ) 4 ]Br have provided two bromoxenate salts, [N(C 2 H 5 ) 4 ] 3 [Br 3 (XeO 3 ) 3 ] and [N(CH 3 ) 4 ] 4 [Br 4 (XeO 3 ) 4 ], in which the cage anions have Xe-Br bond lengths that range from 3.0838(3) to 3.3181(8) Å. The isostructural chloroxenate anions (Xe-Cl bond lengths, 2.9316(2) to 3.101(4) Å) were synthesized by analogy with their bromine analogues. The bromo- and chloroxenate salts are stable in the atmosphere at room temperature and were characterized in the solid state by Raman spectroscopy and low-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and in the gas phase by quantum-chemical calculations. They are the only known examples of cage anions that contain a noble-gas element. The Xe-Br and Xe-Cl bonds are very weakly covalent and can be viewed as σ-hole interactions, similar to those encountered in halogen bonding. However, the halogen atoms in these cases are valence electron lone pair donors, and the σ* Xe-O orbitals are lone pair acceptors.

Luminescence and energy transfer of Sm3+ and Eu3+ in Ca2PO4Cl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Zhijun; Li, Panlai; Yang, Zhiping; Guo, Qinglin

2014-01-01

Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ , and Sm 3+ –Eu 3+ doped Ca 2 PO 4 Cl phosphors are synthesized by a solid-state method. Ca 2 PO 4 Cl:Sm 3+ can produce red emission under the 400 nm radiation excitation, and the emission peak is located at 601 nm, which is assigned to the 4 G 5/2 → 6 H 7/2 transition of Sm 3+ . Ca 2 PO 4 Cl:Eu 3+ can create red emission under the 392 nm radiation excitation, and the strongest peak is located at 620 nm, which is attributed to the 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 transition of Eu 3+ . The energy transfer from Sm 3+ to Eu 3+ in Ca 2 PO 4 Cl has been validated and the critical distance (R c ) of Sm 3+ to Eu 3+ in Ca 2 PO 4 Cl is calculated to be 1.14 nm. With increasing Eu 3+ doping concentration, the energy transfer efficiency (Sm 3+ →Eu 3+ ) gradually increases to 53.7%. The luminescence property of Ca 2 PO 4 Cl:Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ can be tuned by properly tuning the relative ratio of Sm 3+ –Eu 3+ , and the emission intensity of Ca 2 PO 4 Cl:Eu 3+ can be greatly enhanced by codoped Sm 3+ . - Highlights: • Ca 2 PO 4 Cl:Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ can produce red emission under the 400 nm radiation excitation. • The energy transfer from Sm 3+ to Eu 3+ in Ca 2 PO 4 Cl has been validated. • The critical distance of Sm 3+ to Eu 3+ in Ca 2 PO 4 Cl is calculated to be 1.14 nm

Preparation of silver chloride nanoparticles by a mechanical treatment of the system NH4Cl−AgNO3−NH4NO3

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Farit Urakaev

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Silver chloride nanoparticles dispersed within ammonium nitrate matrix have been prepared though displacement mechanochemical reaction NH4Cl + AgNO3 + z NH4NO3 = (z+1 NH4 NO3 + AgCl at various z coefficients z1 = 7.22 and z2 = 3.64. The intermediate compound of NH4Ag(NO32 were recorded after mechanochemical processing of studied system. By using simultaneous TG and DSC measurements possibilities to prepare silver chloride in its free form have been discussed by using thermal treatment.

{2-[(3,5-Dichloro-2-oxidobenzylideneamino-κ2N,O]-3-methylpentanoato-κO}(N,N′-dimethylformamide-κOcopper(II

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xiao Zhen Feng

2008-05-01

Full Text Available In the title compound, [Cu(C13H13Cl2NO3(C3H7NO], the CuII atom is coordinated in a slightly distorted square-planar geometry by two O atoms and one N atom from the tridentate chiral ligand 2-[(3,5-dichloro-2-oxidobenzylideneamino]-3-methylpentanoate and by one O atom from dimethylformamide. In the crystal structure, the Cu atom forms contacts with Cl and O atoms of two units (Cu...Cl and Cu...O = 3.401 and 2.947 Å, respectively, thereby forming an approximately octahedral arrangement. A three-dimensional network is constructed through Cl...Cu, O...Cu, Cl...Cl contacts and C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

Studies of the effects of TiCl3 in LiBH4/CaH2/TiCl3 reversible hydrogen storage system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Dongan; Yang Jun; Ni Jun; Drews, Andy

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► We systematically studied the effects of TiCl 3 in LiBH 4 /CaH 2 /TiCl 3 hydrogen storage system. ► It is found that adding 0.25 TiCl 3 produces fully reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption and a lower desorption temperature. ► LiCl experiences four different states, i.e. “formed-solid solution-molten solution-precipitation”, in the whole desorption process of the system. ► The incorporation of LiCl into LiBH 4 forms more viscous molten LiBH 4 ·LiCl, leading to fast kinetics. ► The precipitation and re-incorporation of LiCl into LiBH 4 lead to a fully reversible complex hydrogen storage system. - Abstract: In the present study, the effects of TiCl 3 on desorption kinetics, absorption/desorption reversibility, and related phase transformation processes in LiBH 4 /CaH 2 /TiCl 3 hydrogen storage system was studied systematically by varying its concentration (x = 0, 0.05, 0.15 and 0.25). The results show that LiCl forms during ball milling of 6LiBH 4 /CaH 2 /xTiCl 3 and that as temperature increases, o-LiBH 4 transforms into h-LiBH 4 , into which LiCl incorporates, forming solid solution of LiBH 4 ·LiCl, which melts above 280 °C. Molten LiBH 4 ·LiCl is more viscous than molten LiBH 4 , preventing the clustering of LiBH 4 and the accompanied agglomeration of CaH 2 , and thus preserving the nano-sized phase arrangement formed during ball milling. Above 350 °C, the molten solution LiBH 4 ·LiCl further reacts with CaH 2 , precipitating LiCl. The main hydrogen desorption reaction is between molten LiBH 4 ·LiCl and CaH 2 and not between molten LiBH 4 and CaH 2 . This alters the hydrogen reaction thermodynamics and lowers the hydrogen desorption temperature. In addition, the solid–liquid nano-sized phase arrangement in the nano-composites improves the hydrogen reaction kinetics. The reversible incorporation/precipitation of LiCl at the hydrogen reaction temperature and during temperature cycling makes the 6LiBH 4 /CaH 2 /0.25TiCl 3

NbCl 5 and CrCl 3 catalysts effect on synthesis and hydrogen ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Two kinds of novel materials, Mg–1.6 mol% Ni–0.4 mol% NiO–2 mol% MCl (MCl = NbCl5, CrCl3), along with Mg–1.6 mol% Ni–0.4 mol% NiO for comparison, were examined for their potential use in hydrogen storage applications, having been fabricated via cryomilling. The effects of NbCl5 and CrCl3 on hydrogen storage ...

Late effects of inhaled 253Es(NO3)3 in rats

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ballou, J.E.; Dagle, G.E.; Gies, R.A.; Smith, L.G.

1979-01-01

Einsteinium-253 nitrate was administered as an aerosol to male Wistar rats and the long-term biological effects were followed for the animals' life span. Lung was the major target organ for absorbed radiation dose and tumor induction, in agreement with results for other inhaled transuranic nitrates. The earlier finding of a high incidence of bone tumors following intratracheal instillation of 253 EsCl 3 was not confirmed in the present study with inhaled 253 Es(NO 3 ) 3 . The reason for the difference in bone tumor production is believed to be related to the different acute toxicities of intratracheally instilled and inhaled 253 Es. Intratracheally instilled 253 EsCl 3 was less acutely toxic (only a single lobe or one-half the lung was irradiated); thus, a larger more tumorigenic dose could be translocated to bone without shortening the life span to the extent that bone tumors could not be expressed. The radiation dose from inhaled 253 Es(NO 3 ) 3 was uniformly spread throughout both lungs and early death due to a generalized radiation pneumonitis precluded the development of long-term effects in bone. (author)

The corrosion behavior of mild steel in molten NaNO3-KNO3 salt and its evaluation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsujino, Bunzo; Oki, Takeo.

1992-01-01

The galvanic behavior of mild steel in molten NaNO 3 -KNO 3 salt (equivalent molar fraction) and its evaluation have been investigated by the amount of galvanic current with zero impedance ammeter. The galvanic currents in a galvanic couple consisting of mild steel and platinum so obtained corresponded approximately to the information for dissolution reaction of iron in molten NaNO 3 KNO 3 salt. Further, the galvanic currents proved to be an effective means for evaluating corrosion rate of metals in molten NaNO 3 KNO 3 salt. The effect of NaCl on galvanic behavior of mild steel couple to platinum in molten NaNO 3 -KNO 3 salt did not appear at the NaCl concentration up to 0.05 molar fraction, but the effect appeared as localized corrosion at the NaCl concentration of 0.05 molar fraction or more. The coloration for mild steel due to the oxide film was well controlled by adjusting amount of electricity rather than the temperature. (author)

Observation of lower defect density in CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}Pb(I,Cl){sub 3} solar cells by admittance spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jiang, Minlin; Lan, Fei; Tao, Quan; Li, Guangyong, E-mail: gaod@pitt.edu, E-mail: gul6@pitt.edu [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 (United States); Zhao, Bingxin [Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 (United States); Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124 (China); Wu, Jiamin; Gao, Di, E-mail: gaod@pitt.edu, E-mail: gul6@pitt.edu [Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 (United States)

2016-06-13

The introduction of Cl into CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} precursors is reported to enhance the performance of CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} solar cell, which is attributed to the significantly increased diffusion lengths of carriers in CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}Pb(I,Cl){sub 3} solar cell. It has been assumed but never experimentally approved that the defect density in CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}Pb(I,Cl){sub 3} solar cell should be reduced according to the higher carrier lifetime observed from photoluminescence (PL) measurement. We have fabricated CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}Pb(I,Cl){sub 3} solar cell by adding a small amount of Cl source into CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} precursor. The performance of CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}Pb(I,Cl){sub 3} solar cell is significantly improved from 15.39% to 18.60%. Results from scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction indicate that the morphologies and crystal structures of CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} and CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}Pb(I,Cl){sub 3} thin films remain unchanged. Open circuit voltage decay and admittance spectroscopy characterization jointly approve that Cl plays an extremely important role in suppressing the formation of defects in perovskite solar cells.

Measurements of the liquidus surface and solidus transitions of the NaCl–UCl{sub 3} and NaCl–UCl{sub 3}–CeCl{sub 3} phase diagrams

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sooby, E.S., E-mail: sooby@lanl.gov [Fuels Research Laboratory, MST-7, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM (United States); Accelerator Research Laboratory, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX (United States); Nelson, A.T.; White, J.T. [Fuels Research Laboratory, MST-7, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM (United States); McIntyre, P.M. [Accelerator Research Laboratory, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX (United States)

2015-11-15

NaCl–UCl{sub 3}–PuCl{sub 3} is proposed as the fuel salt for a number of molten salt reactor concepts. No experimental data exists for the ternary system, and limited data is available for the binary compositions of this salt system. Differential scanning calorimetry is used in this study to examine the liquidus surface and solidus transition of a surrogate fuel-salt (NaCl–UCl{sub 3}–CeCl{sub 3}) and to reinvestigate the NaCl–UCl{sub 3} eutectic phase diagram. The results of this study show good agreement with previously reported data for the pure salt compounds used (NaCl, UCl{sub 3}, and CeCl{sub 3}) as well as for the eutectic points for the NaCl–UCl{sub 3} and NaCl–CeCl{sub 3} binary systems. The NaCl–UCl{sub 3} liquidus surface produced in this study predicts a 30–40 {sup °}C increase on the NaCl-rich side of the binary phase diagram. The increase in liquidus temperature could prove significant to molten salt reactor modeling.

DENSE GAS TRACERS AND STAR FORMATION LAWS IN ACTIVE GALAXIES: APEX SURVEY OF HCN J = 4 → 3, HCO{sup +} J = 4 → 3, AND CS J = 7 → 6

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Zhi-Yu; Gao, Yu; Zhao, Yinghe [Purple Mountain Observatory/Key Lab for Radio Astronomy, 2 West Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008 (China); Henkel, Christian; Menten, Karl M.; Güsten, Rolf [Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn (Germany); Wang, Junzhi, E-mail: zyzhang@pmo.ac.cn [Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030 (China)

2014-04-01

We report HCN J = 4 → 3, HCO{sup +} J = 4 → 3, and CS J = 7 → 6 observations in 20 nearby star-forming galaxies with the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment 12 m telescope. Combined with four HCN, three HCO{sup +}, and four CS detections from the literature, we probe the empirical link between the luminosity of molecular gas (L{sub gas}{sup ′}) and that of infrared emission (L {sub IR}), up to the highest gas densities (∼10{sup 6} cm{sup –3}) that have been probed so far. For nearby galaxies with large radii, we measure the IR luminosity within the submillimeter beam size (14''-18'') to match the molecular emission. We find linear slopes for L{sub CS} {sub J=7--6}{sup ′}-L {sub IR} and L{sub HCN} {sub J=4--3}{sup ′}-L {sub IR}, and a slightly super-linear slope for L{sub HCO{sup +}} {sub J=4--3}{sup ′}-L {sub IR}. The correlation of L{sub CS} {sub J=7--6}{sup ′}-L {sub IR} even extends over eight orders of luminosity magnitude down to Galactic dense cores, with a fit of log(L {sub IR}) =1.00(± 0.01) ×log(L{sub CS} {sub J=7--6}{sup ′}) + 4.03(± 0.04). Such linear correlations appear to hold for all densities >10{sup 4} cm{sup –3}, and indicate that star formation rate is not related to the free-fall timescale for dense molecular gas.

Photoelectron and Auger-electron spectra of Cl{sub 3}SiSi(CH{sub 3}){sub 3} obtained by using monochromatized synchrotron radiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nagaoka, Shin-ichi, E-mail: nagaoka@ehime-u.ac.jp [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577 (Japan); Endo, Hikaru; Nagai, Kanae [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577 (Japan); Takahashi, Osamu [Institute for Sustainable Sciences and Development, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8511 (Japan); Tamenori, Yusuke [Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5198 (Japan); Suzuki, Isao H. [Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801 (Japan); Advanced Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8568 (Japan)

2014-08-15

Highlights: • Various photo- and Auger-electron spectra of Cl{sub 3}SiSi(CH{sub 3}){sub 3} vapor were measured. • The measured spectra were interpreted with the aid of some calculations. • The spectra showed profiles close to those expected from SiCl{sub 4} and Si(CH{sub 3}){sub 4}. • These results were discussed in conjunction with site-specific fragmentation. - Abstract: A variety of photoelectron and Auger-electron spectra of 1,1,1-trimethyltrichlorodisilane vapor (Cl{sub 3}SiSi(CH{sub 3}){sub 3}) were measured by using monochromatized synchrotron radiation and a hemispherical electron energy analyzer. The measured spectra were interpreted with the aid of some calculations by means of the outer valence Green's function (OVGF) method or the density-functional-theory (DFT) method. Since Cl{sub 3}SiSi(CH{sub 3}){sub 3} consists of -SiCl{sub 3} and -Si(CH{sub 3}){sub 3} moieties, the experimental core-electron binding-energies were compared with those of tetrachlorosilane and tetramethylsilane (SiCl{sub 4} and Si(CH{sub 3}){sub 4}, respectively). This comparison showed that electronic properties of Cl{sub 3}SiSi(CH{sub 3}){sub 3} hold a close correlation with those of SiCl{sub 4} and Si(CH{sub 3}){sub 4}. Si:L{sub 23}VV, Cl:L{sub 23}VV and C:KVV Auger-electron spectra of Cl{sub 3}SiSi(CH{sub 3}){sub 3} also showed profiles close to those expected from the spectra of SiCl{sub 4} and Si(CH{sub 3}){sub 4}. The results obtained here were discussed in conjunction with electronic relaxation leading to site-specific fragmentation.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN FeCl3 TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Chaetoceros calcitrans

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cahya Laila Oktaviana Putri

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Besi termasuk unsur yang esensial bagi makhluk hidup. Pada tumbuhan termasuk algae, besi berperan sebagai penyusun sitokrom dan klorofil. Selain itu, besi juga berperan dalam sistem enzim dan transfer elektron pada proses fotosintesis. Namun, belum diketahui konsentrasi yang tepat untuk pengunaannya oleh algae sehingga diperlukan penelitian yang dapat mengetahui konsentrasi pemakaian FeCl3 untuk perkembangan algae terutama untuk C. calcitrans. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian FeCl3 terhadap kepadatan C. calcitran sehingga dapat mengetahui konsentrasi FeCl3 yang paling baik terhadap kepadatan C. calcitran. Serta untuk Mengetahui kepadatan C. calcitran berdasarkan hari. Penelitian ini diawali dengan menyetock C. calcitran hingga kepadatan 400 ribu sel/ml kemudian dilanjutkan dengan mengkultur C. calcitran pada toples yang telah dibuat sama parameternya kecuali pemberian FeCl3 sesuai dengan perlakuan. Untuk menganalisa pengaruh pemberian FeCl3 pada konsentrasi yang bebeda terhadap kepadatan C. calcitrans digunakan analisa sidik ragam (ANOVA dua langkah dengan bantuan software SPSS 12 dan dilakukan uji lanjut Tukey (Multiple Comparisons untuk melihat perlakuan yang berbeda dengan membandingkan berbagai hasil perlakuan. Pada konsentrasi FeCl3 0 mg/l berbeda nyata (P<0,05 sedangkan konsentrai FeCl3 0,02 mg/l, 0,2  mg/l, 2 mg/l berbeda signifikan terhadap kepadatan C. calcitrans sehingga hanya konsentrasi FeCl3 0 mg/l yang mempengaruhi kepadatan C. calcitrans. Ini disebabkan karena pemberian konsentrasi terlalu sedikit dan selisih konsentrasi yang kecil sehingga tidak mempengaruhi kepadatan C. calcitrans. Sedangkan untuk hari  diperoleh hari ke-1 dan ke-7 merupakan hari yang signifikan terhadap kepadatan C. calcitrans.  Kata Kunci : Chaetoceros calcitrans, FeCl3 dan kepadatan

Methodology to obtain exchange properties of the calcite surface-Application to major and trace elements: Ca(II), HCO3-, and Zn(II)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tertre, E.; Beaucaire, C.; Juery, A.; Ly, J.; Tertre, E.; Beaucaire, C.; Juery, A.; Ly, J.

2010-01-01

Sorption of inorganic elements onto carbonate minerals has been intensively described in the literature by two reaction steps: (1) a first one rapid and completed within a few hours and (2) a second one slower, eventually irreversible, and occurring at a constant rate. The first step is often attributed to an ion-exchange process, but its reversibility is rarely investigated. Consequently, discrimination of the global sorption phenomenon into two different mechanisms is not always justified. In this study, we investigated, by batch experiments, both sorption and desorption of Ca(II), HCO 3 - , and Zn(II), radiolabeled with isotopes 45 Ca(II), H 14 CO 3 - , and 65 Zn(II), respectively, onto synthetic pure calcite. Solutions were pre-equilibrated with atmospheric p(CO 2 ) and saturated with respect to calcite. Therefore, our purpose was to: (1) obtain experimental distribution coefficients of major elements (Ca(II) and HCO 3 - ) and a trace element (Zn(II)) onto calcite from sorption and desorption experiments, (2) test the validity of a first-occurring ion-exchange process generally noted in the literature, by calculating distribution coefficients for the 'sole' exchange process, and (3) quantify the amounts of Ca(II), HCO 3 - , and Zn(II) sorbed on the calcite surface by the sole 'exchange process' and compare them with surface crystallochemical data. Ca(II) or HCO 3 - sorption experimental data suggest that a significant fraction of these two elements was sorbed irreversibly onto or in the calcite. By using a method based on isotopic ratios, the Ca(II) or HCO 3 - concentrations, which are reversibly adsorbed on the calcite, have been quantified. These concentrations are respectively estimated at 4. 0 ± 2. 0 * 10 -4 and 7. 0 ± 1. 5 * 10 -4 mol/kg. The obtained Ca(II) surface concentration value is one order of magnitude lower than the one obtained from isotopic measurement by former authors [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55 (1991) 1549; Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51

Synthesis of KMgCl{sub 3} nanomaterial and luminescence of Ce{sup 3+}/Dy{sup 3+}/Eu{sup 3+} by different routes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poddar, Anuradha [Department of Physics, Sindhu Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur 440017 (India); Gedam, S.C., E-mail: gedam_sc@rediffmail.com [Department of Physics, K.Z.S. Science College, Kalmeshwar, Nagpur 441501 (India); Dhoble, S.J. [Department of Physics, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033 (India)

2015-02-15

The present KMgCl{sub 3} phosphor has been synthesized through wet chemical synthesis (WCS), solid state diffusion (SSD) and Hispersed centrifuge (HC) routes in the same atmospheric conditions and characterized for luminescence properties. XRDs of the sample prepared by all three methods have been placed at the same position, phase and matched well with standard data. The particle size of 20 nm of KMgCl{sub 3} by a Hispersed centrifuged method was detected using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The PL emission spectra have been observed for Ce{sup 3+} at 353 nm and 375 nm due to 5d→4f transition, whereas luminescence of Dy{sup 3+} efficiently observed at 484 nm and 579 nm for an excitation of 384 nm due to {sup 4}F{sub 9/2}→ {sup 6}H{sub 15/2} and {sup 6}H{sub 13/2} (blue–yellow region) transition and Eu{sup 3+} is peaking at 596 nm and 616 nm (λ{sub ex}=394 nm) due to level {sup 5}D{sub 0} to {sup 7}F{sub j} (j=0, 1, 2, and 3) radiative transitions. The presented phosphors are excited in the range of 300–400 nm which is mercury free excited range. Synthesis and photoluminescence spectra of trivalent Ce, Dy or Eu rare-earths in KMgCl{sub 3} are described for all three routes, for the first time in the present work. The CIE chromaticity coordinates were also calculated for KMgCl{sub 3}:X (Ce{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+} and Eu{sup 3+}) phosphors, which are close to the NTSC standard values. KMgCl{sub 3} matrix is not only suitable for different and easy synthesis but efficient luminescence also. The paper discuses the XRD, crystallinity (morphology) and luminescence of Ce, Dy or Eu rare-earths in KMgCl{sub 3} synthesized by three (WCS, SSD and HC) different routes. - Highlights: • The particle size 20 nm of KMgCl{sub 3} was detected by Hispersed centrifuged method using TEM. • The phosphors are prepared by very simple WCM, SSD and HS technique. • An efficient luminescence is observed in KMgCl{sub 3}:X (X=Ce{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+} and Eu{sup 3

Tb3O2Cl[SeO3]2 and Tb5O4Cl3[SeO3]2: Oxide Chloride Oxoselenates(IV) of Trivalent Terbium with ''Lone-Pair'' Channel or Layer Structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wontcheu, Joseph; Schleid, Thomas

2005-01-01

Orthorhombic Tb 3 O 2 Cl[SeO 3 ] 2 (Pnma; a = 535.16(4), b = 1530.51(9), c = 1081.72(7) pm; Z = 4) is formed by reacting a stoichiometric mixture of Tb 4 O 7 , Tb, TbCl 3 , and SeO 2 in a suitable molar ratio (12: 8: 7: 42) within seven days in an evacuated sealed silica tube at 850 C. The needle-shaped, colourless single crystals (light, water and air stable) exhibit one-dimensional strands [(Tb1) 3/3 (Tb2) 2/1 O 4/2 ] 5+ [O 2 Tb 3 ] 5+ along [100] formed by two parallel chains [OTb 4/2 ] 4+ of trans-edge connected [OTb 4 ] 10+ tetrahedra (d(O-Tb) = 220 - 231 pm) which share an extra edge per chain link. The crystal structure contains two crystallographically different Tb 3+ cations: Tb1 is coordinated as bicapped trigonal prism, while Tb2 resides in square antiprismatic coordination. The Se 4+ coordination is best described as Ψ 1 tetrahedral ([SeO 3 E] 2- ; E: non-binding electron pair). The non-binding ''lone-pair'' electrons of four [SeO 3 ] 2- groups and two Cl - anions form pseudo-hexagonal empty channels along [100] between four cationic double chains. Tb 5 O 4 Cl 3 [SeO 3 ] 2 was prepared likewise as plate-like, colourless single crystals by solid-state reaction of an admixture of Tb 4 O 7 , Tb, TbOCl, TbCl 3 , and SeO 2 (molar ratio: 9: 6: 21: 7: 28) in an evacuated sealed silica tube during seven days at 850 C. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system (C2/m; a = 1229.13(9), b = 546.17(4), c = 978.79(7) pm, β = 90.485(6) ; Z = 2) and contains three crystallographically different Tb 3+ cations in seven- and eightfold coordination of O 2- and Cl - anions, respectively. The crystal structure of Tb 5 O 4 Cl 3 [SeO 3 ] 2 is layered and built up of corrugated terbium-oxygen sheets [O 4 Tb 5 ] 7+ formed by edge- and vertex-shared [OTb 4 ] 10+ tetrahedra (d(O-Tb) = 226-232 pm) spreading parallel (001). The structure is strongly related to the ''lone-pair'' channel structures of Tb 2 O[SeO 3 ] 2 and Tb 3 O 2 Cl[SeO 3 ] 2 , where single ([OTb 2 ] 4

Electron paramagnetic resonance of gamma irradiated (CH3)3NHClO4 and CH3NH3ClO4 single crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yavuz, Metin; Koeksal, Fevzi

1999-01-01

Gamma irradiation damage centers in (CH 3 ) 3 NHClO 4 and CH 3 NH 3 ClO 4 single crystals have been investigated at room temperature by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. It has been found that γ-irradiation produces the (CH 3 ) 3 N + radical in the first, and NH + 3 and ClO 3 radicals in the second compound. The EPR parameters of the observed radicals have been determined and discussed

Quatenary Na//F, Cl, CO3, MoO4 system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kochkarov, Zh.A.; Lok''yaeva, S.M.; Shurdumov, G.K.; Gasanaliev, A.M.; Trunin, A.S.

1999-01-01

Perspective in applied respect quatenary system (NaF) 2 -(NaCl)-Na 2 CO 3 -Na 2 MoO 4 being element of narrowing of more complex six-membered mutual Na//F, Cl, CO 3 , MoO 4 (WO 4 ) system is investigated by differential thermal analysis with the use of projection-thermographic method for the first time. Crystallization tree of Na//F, Cl, CO 3 , MoO 4 system is established. It is shown that this system by tetrahedrating (NaF) 2 -Na 2 CO 3 -Na 3 ClMoO 4 section is triangulated on two stable system: (NaF) 2 -Na 3 ClMoO 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -(NaCl) 2 and (NaF) 2 -Na 3 ClMoO 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -Na 2 MoO 4 . Phase single units are determined too. Coordinates of desired quatenary nonvariant points are calculated on analytical models of surfaces by mutual crystallization of two phases and are refined by differential thermal analysis [ru

Studies on the experimental variables effects on rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation of unsaturated fatty esters and comparison of [RhH(CO)(PPh3)3] and [RhCl3.3H2O] as starting catalytic precursors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mendes, Ana N.F.; Gregorio, Jose R.; Rosa, Ricardo G. da

2005-01-01

Hydroformylation experiments were performed with technical-grade methyl oleate (MO) and soybean oil (SO) using [RhH(CO)(PPh 3 ) 3 ] and [RhCl 3 .3H 2 O] (double bond/Rh = 745) as catalyst precursors modified or not by triphenylphosphine. [RhH(CO)(PPh 3 ) 3 ] shows 100% conversion and 80-91% selectivity to aldehydes in only 4h for both substrates under mild conditions (100 deg C, 40 bar, CO/H 2 = 2:1, ligand/Rh = 10:1). Despite the rapid isomerization of the soybean oil, producing trans isomers and conjugated dienes, no effects were observed on its further conversion to aldehydes. The reaction of soybean oil conducted with pure [RhCl 3 .3H 2 O] produced only conjugated dienes, and when this precursor was modified with triphenylphosphine (ligand/Rh = 10:1) no reaction was observed at all. Curiously, yellow crystals corresponding to the complex [Rh(Cl)(CO)(PPh 3 ) 2 ] were quantitatively isolated at the end of the reaction. (author)

Calorimetry of fluorinated products. I. Combustion of ClF3 and ClF5 in hydrogen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Caton, J.; Barberi, P.

1975-01-01

The thermal effects due to combustion of chlorine trifluoride and pentafluoride in hydrogen were measured by means of a suitable bomb calorimeter. The enthalpies of formation of these halides can be determined from this measurement. That of ClF 3 , already fairly well known, was used to set the apparatus fpr the measurement concerning ClF 5 , for which no direct data are available [fr

Two-step crystal engineering of porous nets from [Cr3(μ 3-O)(RCO2)6] and [Cu3(μ 3-Cl)(RNH2)6Cl6] molecular building blocks

KAUST Repository

Elsaidi, Sameh K.

2013-01-01

Two porous nets have been prepared via a 2-step crystal engineering approach that links decorated trigonal prismatic [Cr3(μ 3-O)(CO2)6] and [Cu3(μ 3-Cl)(RNH2)6Cl6] molecular building blocks, MBBs. tp-PMBB-5-acs-1 is a rare example of a rigid acs underlying net whereas tp-PMBB-6-stp-1, an stp underlying net, exhibits free NH2 groups in its channels and a relatively high isosteric heat of adsorption for CO2. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Thermal annealing behaviour of sulphur-35 produced in pile-irradiated mixed crystals AlCl/sub 3/-FeCl/sub 3/

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dyakovich, V; Todorovski, D S; Kostadinova, Z D [Sofia Univ. (Bulgaria). Khimicheski Fakultet

1983-12-19

The regression analysis of the experimental results on the thermal annealing behaviour of /sup 35/S produced in pile-irradiated mixed crystals AlCl/sub 3/-FeCl/sub 3/ confirms some suppositions made in a previous paper. The chemical state of /sup 35/S is defined by the target prehistory and the iron concentration. The influence of Fe/sup 3 +/ can be observed indirectly through its influence on the defect structure formed.

Determination of the equilibrium constant of FeZrCl6 formation from FeCl3 and ZrCl4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berdonosov, S.S.; Kharisov, B.I.; Nikitin, M.I.

1992-01-01

Equilibrium pressures of chlorine formed in the course of reaction FeCl 3 +ZrCl 4 ↔ FeZrCl 6 +0.5 Cl 2 were determined at the temperatures of 250-325 deg C. The values of equilibrium constant K p of the reaction mentioned at the temperatures of 250, 275, 300 and 325 deg were calculated, taking into consideration the determined values of p Cl2 and literature data on equilibrium pressures of ZrCl 4 and FeCl 3 vapours

Molecular and ionic associates in the saturated vapor over erbium trichloride and the ErCl3 - DyCl3 system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pogrebnoj, A.M.; Motalov, V.B.; Kuznetsov, A.Yu.; Kudin, L.S.; Khasanshin, I.V.

2002-01-01

The aims of the work are: determination of sublimation enthalpies of erbium trichloride as molecular associates, refinement of sublimation enthalpies in the form of monomer molecules and recovery of thermochemical characteristics and ion components of vapor over the erbium trichloride and the ErCl 3 - DyCl 3 system. The high temperature (969 - 1097 K) mass spectrometry was used for the investigation into the composition of saturated vapor over the erbium trichloride and ErCl 3 - DyCl 3 system, the partial pressures of the neutral components of the vapor were determined. The results of the calculations of the erbium trichloride sublimation enthalpies as monomer, dimer and trimer molecules are demonstrated. The formation enthalpies of the molecules were determined based on the obtained sublimation enthalpies and the formation enthalpies of the erbium trichloride in condensed state. The formation enthalpies of the ions were determined on the basis of enthalpies of ion-molecular reactions. The formation enthalpies of the dimer, trimer mixed molecules and ion associates were determined for the first time [ru

Mechanistic aspects of hydrosilylation catalyzed by (ArN=)Mo(H)(Cl)(PMe3)3.

Science.gov (United States)

Khalimon, Andrey Y; Shirobokov, Oleg G; Peterson, Erik; Simionescu, Razvan; Kuzmina, Lyudmila G; Howard, Judith A K; Nikonov, Georgii I

2012-04-02

The reaction of (ArN=)MoCl(2)(PMe(3))(3) (Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) with L-Selectride gives the hydrido-chloride complex (ArN=)Mo(H)(Cl)(PMe(3))(3) (2). Complex 2 was found to catalyze the hydrosilylation of carbonyls and nitriles as well as the dehydrogenative silylation of alcohols and water. Compound 2 does not show any productive reaction with PhSiH(3); however, a slow H/D exchange and formation of (ArN=)Mo(D)(Cl)(PMe(3))(3) (2(D)) was observed upon addition of PhSiD(3). Reactivity of 2 toward organic substrates was studied. Stoichiometric reactions of 2 with benzaldehyde and cyclohexanone start with dissociation of the trans-to-hydride PMe(3) ligand followed by coordination and insertion of carbonyls into the Mo-H bond to form alkoxy derivatives (ArN=)Mo(Cl)(OR)(PMe(2))L(2) (3: R = OCH(2)Ph, L(2) = 2 PMe(3); 5: R = OCH(2)Ph, L(2) = η(2)-PhC(O)H; 6: R = OCy, L(2) = 2 PMe(3)). The latter species reacts with PhSiH(3) to furnish the corresponding silyl ethers and to recover the hydride 2. An analogous mechanism was suggested for the dehydrogenative ethanolysis with PhSiH(3), with the key intermediate being the ethoxy complex (ArN=)Mo(Cl)(OEt)(PMe(3))(3) (7). In the case of hydrosilylation of acetophenone, a D-labeling experiment, i.e., a reaction of 2 with acetophenone and PhSiD(3) in the 1:1:1 ratio, suggests an alternative mechanism that does not involve the intermediacy of an alkoxy complex. In this particular case, the reaction presumably proceeds via Lewis acid catalysis. Similar to the case of benzaldehyde, treatment of 2 with styrene gives trans-(ArN=)Mo(H)(η(2)-CH(2)═CHPh)(PMe(3))(2) (8). Complex 8 slowly decomposes via the release of ethylbenzene, indicating only a slow insertion of styrene ligand into the Mo-H bond of 8.

Electrical Conductivity of Molten DyCl3-NaCl and DyCl3-KCl Systems: An Approach to Structural Interpretations of Rare Earth Chloride Melts

Science.gov (United States)

Iwadate, Yasuhiko; Ohkubo, Takahiro

2017-11-01

Electrical conductivities (κs) of molten DyCl3-NaCl and DyCl3-KCl systems were estimated by measuring the impedances of each mixture melt at any temperature and/or frequency. The molar volumes (Vms) were measured by dilatometry and represented as a polynomial empirical equation of temperature and composition. Due to both the properties, the molar conductivities (Λms) were calculated and their temperature and/or composition dependences were discussed from the standpoint of structural features as well. The κs increased curvilinearly with increasing temperature across the whole composition ranges. This trend was also applied to the Λms which was fitted by an Arrhenius-type equation. The relationship of Λms with melt composition was studied and the Λms were found to decrease with increasing composition of DyCl3. These findings were interpreted based on the results of structural science so far reported, and finally, the relationship between Λms and the structures of pure rare earth chloride melts was discussed.

Use of thermodynamic calculation for investigating phase diagram of the ternary system NaCl-PbCl2-NdCl3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kostygov, V.I.; Potemin, S.S.

1984-01-01

Thermodynamic calculation of meltability diagram of ternary system NaCl-PbCl 2 -NdCl 3 with the use of literature and experimental data on meltability diagrams of binary systems forming it, as well as data on crystallization heats of the components, has been carried out. Equations are derived under condition of pseudoperfection of the ternary system. 64 mol.% PbCl 2 , 26 mol.% NaCl, 10 mol.% NdCl 3 and average temperature of crystallization 391 deg C correspond to the calculated composition of the ternary eutectics, 49 mol.% PbCl 2 , 35 mol.% NaCl, 16 mol.% NdCl 3 and average temperature of peritectic transformation 416 deg C - to the composition of the ternary peritectic. The results obtained agree well with the experimental data

Real-Space Bonding Indicator Analysis of the Donor-Acceptor Complexes X3BNY3, X3AlNY3, X3BPY3, and X3AlPY3 (X, Y = H, Me, Cl).

Science.gov (United States)

Mebs, Stefan; Beckmann, Jens

2017-10-12

Calculations of real-space bonding indicators (RSBI) derived from Atoms-In-Molecules (AIM), Electron Localizability Indicator (ELI-D), Non-Covalent Interactions index (NCI), and Density Overlap Regions Indicator (DORI) toolkits for a set of 36 donor-acceptor complexes X 3 BNY 3 (1, 1a-1h), X 3 AlNY 3 (2, 2a-2h), X 3 BPY 3 (3, 3a-3h), and X 3 AlPY 3 (4, 4a-4h) reveal that the donor-acceptor bonds comprise covalent and ionic interactions in varying extents (X = Y = H for 1-4; X = H, Y = Me for 1a-4a; X = H, Y = Cl for 1b-4b; X = Me, Y = H for 1c-4c; X, Y = Me for 1d-4d; X = Me, Y = Cl for 1e-4e; X = Cl, Y = H for 1f-4f; X = Cl, Y = Me for 1g-4g; X, Y = Cl for 1h-4h). The phosphinoboranes X 3 BPY 3 (3, 3a-3h) in general and Cl 3 BPMe 3 (3f) in particular show the largest covalent contributions and the least ionic contributions. The aminoalanes X 3 AlNY 3 (2, 2a-2h) in general and Me 3 AlNCl 3 (2e) in particular show the least covalent contributions and the largest ionic contributions. The aminoboranes X 3 BNY 3 (1, 1a-1h) and the phosphinoalanes X 3 AlPY 3 (4, 4a-4h) are midway between phosphinoboranes and aminoalanes. The degree of covalency and ionicity correlates with the electronegativity difference BP (ΔEN = 0.15) < AlP (ΔEN = 0.58) < BN (ΔEN = 1.00) < AlN (ΔEN = 1.43) and a previously published energy decomposition analysis (EDA). To illustrate the importance of both contributions in Lewis formula representations, two resonance formulas should be given for all compounds, namely, the canonical form with formal charges denoting covalency and the arrow notation pointing from the donor to the acceptor atom to emphasis ionicity. If the Lewis formula mainly serves to show the atomic connectivity, the most significant should be shown. Thus, it is legitimate to present aminoalanes using arrows; however, for phosphinoboranes the canonical form with formal charges is more appropriate.

Two-center three-electron bonding in ClNH{sub 3} revealed via helium droplet infrared laser Stark spectroscopy: Entrance channel complex along the Cl + NH{sub 3} → ClNH{sub 2} + H reaction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moradi, Christopher P.; Douberly, Gary E., E-mail: douberly@uga.edu [Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556 (United States); Xie, Changjian; Guo, Hua [Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 (United States); Kaufmann, Matin [Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum (Germany)

2016-04-28

Pyrolytic dissociation of Cl{sub 2} is employed to dope helium droplets with single Cl atoms. Sequential addition of NH{sub 3} to Cl-doped droplets leads to the formation of a complex residing in the entry valley to the substitution reaction Cl + NH{sub 3} → ClNH{sub 2} + H. Infrared Stark spectroscopy in the NH stretching region reveals symmetric and antisymmetric vibrations of a C{sub 3v} symmetric top. Frequency shifts from NH{sub 3} and dipole moment measurements are consistent with a ClNH{sub 3} complex containing a relatively strong two-center three-electron (2c–3e) bond. The nature of the 2c–3e bonding in ClNH{sub 3} is explored computationally and found to be consistent with the complexation-induced blue shifts observed experimentally. Computations of interconversion pathways reveal nearly barrierless routes to the formation of this complex, consistent with the absence in experimental spectra of two other complexes, NH{sub 3}Cl and Cl–HNH{sub 2}, which are predicted in the entry valley to the hydrogen abstraction reaction Cl + NH{sub 3} → HCl + NH{sub 2}.

Saturated vapor pressure over molten mixtures of GaCl{sub 3} and alkali metal chlorides; Davlenie nasyshchennykh parov rasplavlennykh smesej CaCl{sub 3} s khloridami shchelochnykh metallov

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Salyulev, A B; Smolenskij, V V; Moskalenko, N I [UrO RAN, Inst. Vysokotemperaturnoj Ehlektrokhimii, Elaterinburg (Russian Federation)

2004-07-01

Volatilities of GaCl{sub 3} and alkali metal chlorides over diluted (up to 3 mol %) solutions of GaCl{sub 3} in LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and CsCl were measured at 1100 K by dynamic and indirect static methods. Chemical composition of saturated vapor over the mixed melts was determined. Partial pressures of the components were calculated. Their values depend essentially on specific alkali metal cation and on concentration of GaCl{sub 3}; their variation permits altering parameters of GaCl{sub 3} distillation from the salt melt in a wide range.

Rational synthesis of high nuclearity Mo/Fe/S clusters: the reductive coupling approach in the convenient synthesis of (Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(6)S(8)(PR(3))(6) [R = Et, (n)Pr, (n)Bu] and the new [(Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(2)S(3)O(PEt(3))(3)Cl]-1/2(Fe(PEt(3))(2)(MeCN)(4)) and (Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(3)S(5)(PEt(3))(5) clusters.

Science.gov (United States)

Han, J; Koutmos, M; Ahmad, S A; Coucouvanis, D

2001-11-05

A general method for the synthesis of high nuclearity Mo/Fe/S clusters is presented and involves the reductive coupling of the (Et(4)N)(2)[(Cl(4)-cat)MoOFeS(2)Cl(2)] (I) and (Et(4)N)(2)[Fe(2)S(2)Cl(4)] (II) clusters. The reaction of I and II with Fe(PR(3))(2)Cl(2) or sodium salts of noncoordinating anions such as NaPF(6) or NaBPh(4) in the presence of PR(3) (R = Et, (n)Pr, or (n)Bu) affords (Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(6)S(8)(PR(3))(6) [R = Et (IIIa), (n)Pr (IIIb), (n)Bu (IIIc)], Fe(6)S(6)(PEt(3))(4)Cl(2) (IV) and (PF(6))[Fe(6)S(8)(P(n)Pr(3))(6)] (V) as byproducts. The isolation of (Et(4)N)[Fe(PEt(3))Cl(3)] (VI), NaCl, and SPEt(3) supports a reductive coupling mechanism. Cluster IV and V also have been synthesized by the reductive self-coupling of compound II. The reductive coupling reaction between I and II by PEt(3) and NaPF(6) in a 1:1 ratio produces the (Et(4)N)(2)[(Cl(4)-cat)Mo(L)Fe(3)S(4)Cl(3)] clusters [L = MeCN (VIIa), THF (VIIb)]. The hitherto unknown [(Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(2)S(3)O(PEt(3))(3)Cl](+) cluster (VIII) has been isolated as the 2:1 salt of the (Fe(PEt(3))(2)(MeCN)(4))(2+) cation after the reductive self-coupling reaction of I in the presence of Fe(PEt(3))(2)Cl(2). Cluster VIII crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 11.098(3) A, b = 22.827(6) A, c = 25.855(6) A, beta = 91.680(4) degrees, and Z = 4. The formal oxidation states of metal atoms in VIII have been assigned as Mo(III), Mo(IV), Fe(II), and Fe(III) on the basis of zero-field Mössbauer spectra. The Fe(PEt(3))(2)(MeCN)(4) cation of VIII is also synthesized independently, isolated as the BPh(4)(-) salt (IX), and has been structurally characterized. The reductive coupling of compound I also affords in low yield the new (Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(3)S(5)(PEt(3))(5) cluster (X) as a byproduct. Cluster X crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with a = 14.811(3) A, b = 22.188(4) A, c = 21.864(4) A, beta = 100.124(3) degrees, and Z = 4 and the structure shows very short Mo

Late effects of inhaled 253Es(NO3)3 in the rat

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ballou, J.E.; Smith, L.G.; Dagle, G.E.; Gies, R.A.

1979-01-01

The lungs of rats exposed to 253 Es(NO 3 ) 3 aerosols sustained the greatest cumulative radiation dose, approximately 6-fold higher than the skeletal dose. Malignant lung tumors (incidence 8.5, 27.6%) were observed after a mean cumulative lung dose of 26 and 400 rad, respectively. Higher lung doses were associated with severe life shortening that precluded the expression of delayed effects. Osteosarcomas of the skeleton (incidence 6.9%) were found after a mean cumulative skeletal dose of 68 rad. Earlier studies, which showed a high incidence of bone tumors and relatively fewer lung tumors after intratracheal instillation of 253 EsCl 3 , were not confirmed in this study with inhaled 253 Es(NO 3 ) 3

Growth mechanism of NaClO 3 and NaBrO 3 crystals from aqueous ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

A study of growth rates of NaClO3 and NaBrO3 has been carried out using a small growth cell by in situ observation. Normal growth rates of {100} faces of NaClO3 and {111} faces of NaBrO3 along ⟨ 110 ⟩ direction are measured under relatively high supersaturation ranging from 3–8%. In the initial stages of growth, {100}, ...

Infrared absorption of CH3OSO and CD3OSO radicals produced upon photolysis of CH3OS(O)Cl and CD3OS(O)Cl in p-H2 matrices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Yu-Fang; Kong, Lin-Jun; Lee, Yuan-Pern

2012-01-01

Irradiation at 239 ± 20 nm of a p-H 2 matrix containing methoxysulfinyl chloride, CH 3 OS(O)Cl, at 3.2 K with filtered light from a medium-pressure mercury lamp produced infrared (IR) absorption lines at 3028.4 (attributable to ν 1 , CH 2 antisymmetric stretching), 2999.5 (ν 2 , CH 3 antisymmetric stretching), 2950.4 (ν 3 , CH 3 symmetric stretching), 1465.2 (ν 4 , CH 2 scissoring), 1452.0 (ν 5 , CH 3 deformation), 1417.8 (ν 6 , CH 3 umbrella), 1165.2 (ν 7 , CH 3 wagging), 1152.1 (ν 8 , S=O stretching mixed with CH 3 rocking), 1147.8 (ν 9 , S=O stretching mixed with CH 3 wagging), 989.7 (ν 10 , C-O stretching), and 714.5 cm -1 (ν 11 , S-O stretching) modes of syn-CH 3 OSO. When CD 3 OS(O)Cl in a p-H 2 matrix was used, lines at 2275.9 (ν 1 ), 2251.9 (ν 2 ), 2083.3 (ν 3 ), 1070.3 (ν 4 ), 1056.0 (ν 5 ), 1085.5 (ν 6 ), 1159.7 (ν 7 ), 920.1 (ν 8 ), 889.0 (ν 9 ), 976.9 (ν 10 ), and 688.9 (ν 11 ) cm -1 appeared and are assigned to syn-CD 3 OSO; the mode numbers correspond to those used for syn-CH 3 OSO. The assignments are based on the photolytic behavior and a comparison of observed vibrational wavenumbers, infrared intensities, and deuterium isotopic shifts with those predicted with the B3P86/aug-cc-pVTZ method. Our results extend the previously reported four transient IR absorption bands of gaseous syn-CH 3 OSO near 2991, 2956, 1152, and 994 cm -1 to 11 lines, including those associated with C-O, O-S, and S=O stretching modes. Vibrational wavenumbers of syn-CD 3 OSO are new. These results demonstrate the advantage of a diminished cage effect of solid p-H 2 such that the Cl atom, produced via UV photodissociation of CH 3 OS(O)Cl in situ, might escape from the original cage to yield isolated CH 3 OSO radicals.

Infrared absorption of CH3OSO and CD3OSO radicals produced upon photolysis of CH3OS(O)Cl and CD3OS(O)Cl in p-H2 matrices.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Yu-Fang; Kong, Lin-Jun; Lee, Yuan-Pern

2012-03-28

Irradiation at 239 ± 20 nm of a p-H(2) matrix containing methoxysulfinyl chloride, CH(3)OS(O)Cl, at 3.2 K with filtered light from a medium-pressure mercury lamp produced infrared (IR) absorption lines at 3028.4 (attributable to ν(1), CH(2) antisymmetric stretching), 2999.5 (ν(2), CH(3) antisymmetric stretching), 2950.4 (ν(3), CH(3) symmetric stretching), 1465.2 (ν(4), CH(2) scissoring), 1452.0 (ν(5), CH(3) deformation), 1417.8 (ν(6), CH(3) umbrella), 1165.2 (ν(7), CH(3) wagging), 1152.1 (ν(8), S=O stretching mixed with CH(3) rocking), 1147.8 (ν(9), S=O stretching mixed with CH(3) wagging), 989.7 (ν(10), C-O stretching), and 714.5 cm(-1) (ν(11), S-O stretching) modes of syn-CH(3)OSO. When CD(3)OS(O)Cl in a p-H(2) matrix was used, lines at 2275.9 (ν(1)), 2251.9 (ν(2)), 2083.3 (ν(3)), 1070.3 (ν(4)), 1056.0 (ν(5)), 1085.5 (ν(6)), 1159.7 (ν(7)), 920.1 (ν(8)), 889.0 (ν(9)), 976.9 (ν(10)), and 688.9 (ν(11)) cm(-1) appeared and are assigned to syn-CD(3)OSO; the mode numbers correspond to those used for syn-CH(3)OSO. The assignments are based on the photolytic behavior and a comparison of observed vibrational wavenumbers, infrared intensities, and deuterium isotopic shifts with those predicted with the B3P86∕aug-cc-pVTZ method. Our results extend the previously reported four transient IR absorption bands of gaseous syn-CH(3)OSO near 2991, 2956, 1152, and 994 cm(-1) to 11 lines, including those associated with C-O, O-S, and S=O stretching modes. Vibrational wavenumbers of syn-CD(3)OSO are new. These results demonstrate the advantage of a diminished cage effect of solid p-H(2) such that the Cl atom, produced via UV photodissociation of CH(3)OS(O)Cl in situ, might escape from the original cage to yield isolated CH(3)OSO radicals.

Effects of CuBr addition to CH3NH3PbI3(Cl) perovskite photovoltaic devices

Science.gov (United States)

Oku, Takeo; Ohishi, Yuya; Tanaka, Hiroki

2018-01-01

Effects of CuBr addition to perovskite CH3NH3PbI3(Cl) precursor solutions on photovoltaic properties were investigated. The CH3NH3Pb(Cu)I3(Cl,Br)-based photovoltaic devices were fabricated by a spin-coating technique, and the microstructures of the devices were investigated by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Current density-voltage characteristics were improved by a small amount of CuBr addition, which resulted in improvement of the conversion efficiencies of the devices. The structure analysis showed decrease of unit cell volume and increase of Cu/Br composition by the CuBr addition, which would indicate the Cu/Br substitution at the Pb/I sites in the perovskite crystal, respectively.

Substitution and Redox Chemistry of [Bu(4)N](2)[Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)].

Science.gov (United States)

Prokopuk, Nicholas; Kennedy, Vance O.; Stern, Charlotte L.; Shriver, Duward F.

1998-09-21

Two sequential electrochemical reductions occur for the cluster anion [Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)](2)(-) at 0.89 and 0.29 V vs Ag/AgCl, with the generation [Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)](3)(-) and [Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)](4)(-). Chemical reduction of [Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)](2)(-) by ferrocene produces [Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)](3)(-) with the concomitant shift of the nu(SO(2)) stretch from 1002 to 1018 cm(-)(1). Reaction of [Bu(4)N](2)[Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)] (1) with [Bu(4)N]X (X = Cl, Br, I, NCS) occurs by reduction and substitution, yielding [Bu(4)N](3)[Ta(6)Cl(12)X(6)], where the clusters with X = Br, I, and NCS are new. Spectroscopic (IR and UV-vis) evidence indicates that the reduced cluster core {Ta(6)Cl(12)}(2+) is produced in reaction mixtures of 1 with the halide and pseudohalide ions. Concomitant substitution of the triflate ligands of 1 by X(-) occurs and the rates for the overall reduction and substitution increase in the order X(-) = Cl(-) < Br(-) < NCS(-) < I(-) < CN(-). Reduction of 1 with ferrocene followed by addition of [Bu(4)N]O(2)CCH(3) produces the new cluster [Ta(6)Cl(12)(O(2)CCH(3))(6)](3)(-) isolated as the tetrabutylammonium salt. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis spectroscopy on the new clusters [Bu(4)N](3)[Ta(6)Cl(12)X(6)] (X = Br, I, NCS, and O(2)CCH(3)) are reported. Crystal data for [Bu(4)N](3)[Ta(6)Cl(12)(NCS)(6)].CH(2)Cl(2): monoclinic, space group, P2(1)/c (No. 14); a = 25.855(6) Å, b = 21.843(6) Å, c = 16.423(3) Å; beta = 100.03(2) degrees; V = 9133(3) Å(3); Z = 4.

Effect of sodium bicarbonate on [HCO3-], pH, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Science.gov (United States)

Carr, Amelia J; Slater, Gary J; Gore, Christopher J; Dawson, Brian; Burke, Louise M

2011-06-01

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) is often ingested at a dose of 0.3 g/kg body mass (BM), but ingestion protocols are inconsistent in terms of using solution or capsules, ingestion period, combining NaHCO₃ with sodium citrate (Na₃C₆H₅O₇), and coingested food and fluid. To quantify the effect of ingesting 0.3 g/kg NaHCO₃ on blood pH, [HCO₃-], and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms over the subsequent 3 hr using a range of ingestion protocols and, thus, to determine an optimal protocol. In a crossover design, 13 physically active subjects undertook 8 NaHCO₃ experimental ingestion protocols and 1 placebo protocol. Capillary blood was taken every 30 min and analyzed for pH and [HCO₃-]. GI symptoms were quantified every 30 min via questionnaire. Statistics used were pairwise comparisons between protocols; differences were interpreted in relation to smallest worthwhile changes for each variable. A likelihood of >75% was a substantial change. [HCO₃-] and pH were substantially greater than in placebo for all other ingestion protocols at almost all time points. When NaHCO3 was coingested with food, the greatest [HCO₃-] (30.9 mmol/kg) and pH (7.49) and lowest incidence of GI symptoms were observed. The greatest incidence of GI side effects was observed 90 min after ingestion of 0.3 g/kg NaHCO₃ solution. The changes in pH and [HCO₃-] for the 8 NaHCO₃-ingestion protocols were similar, so an optimal protocol cannot be recommended. However, the results suggest that NaHCO₃ coingested with a high-carbohydrate meal should be taken 120-150 min before exercise to induce substantial blood alkalosis and reduce GI symptoms.

Understanding the insight into the mechanisms and dynamics of the Cl-initiated oxidation of (CH3)3CC(O)X and the subsequent reactions in the presence of NO and O2 (X = F, Cl, and Br).

Science.gov (United States)

Bai, Feng-Yang; Lv, Shuang; Ma, Yuan; Liu, Chun-Yu; He, Chun-Fang; Pan, Xiu-Mei

2017-03-01

In this work, the density functional and high-level ab initio theories are adopted to investigate the mechanisms and kinetics of reaction of (CH 3 ) 3 CC(O)X (X = F, Cl, and Br) with atomic chlorine. Rate coefficients for the reactions of chlorine atom with (CH 3 ) 3 CC(O)F (k 1 ), (CH 3 ) 3 CC(O)Cl (k 2 ), and (CH 3 ) 3 CC(O)Br (k 3 ) are calculated using canonical variational transition state theory coupled with small curvature tunneling method over a wide range of temperatures from 250 to 1000 K. The dynamic calculations are performed by the variational transition state theory with the interpolated single-point energies method at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Computed rate constant is in good line with the available experimental value. The rate constants for the title reactions are in this order: k 1 Br) are estimated, and it shows that (CH 3 ) 3 CC(O)F have larger GWP value than that of (CH 3 ) 3 CC(O)Cl and (CH 3 ) 3 CC(O)Br. Due to the presence of Cl and Br atoms, the environmental impact of (CH 3 ) 3 CC(O)Cl and (CH 3 ) 3 CC(O)Br may be given more concerns. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The lanthanoid(III) chloride oxoselenates(IV) MCl[SeO3] (M = Sm - Lu) with HoCl[TeO3]- or B-type structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lipp, C.; Schleid, T.

2008-01-01

The B-type lanthanoid(III) chloride oxoselenates(IV) MCl[SeO 3 ] (M = Sm - Lu) crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (no. 62) with Z = 4 in the structure type of HoCl[TeO 3 ]. Their lattice constants are decreasing following the lanthanoid contraction from a = 730.01(7), b = 707.90(7), c 895.64(9) pm for SmCl[SeO 3 ] to a = 714.63(7), b = 681.76(7), c = 864.05(9) pm for LuCl[SeO 3 ]. In contrast to NdCl[SeO 3 ], the only representative of the A-type structure, where the coordination numbers of the Nd 3+ cations are 7+2 and 8, the B-type structure is dominated by pentagonal bipyramids [MO 5 Cl 2 ] 9- (CN(M 3+ ) = 7), which are connected via trans-oriented O..O edges to ∞ 1 {[MO 4/2 e O 1/1 t Cl 2/1 t ] 5- } chains (e = edge-sharing, t = terminal) running parallel to the [010] direction. Their inclination relative to each other allows for an alternating interconnection of these chains via Cl - and ψ 1 -tetrahedral [SeO 3 ] 2- anions to form a three-dimensional structure. The distances within the [SeO 3 ] 2- groups are in the normal range (d(Se-O) = 165 - 172 pm), while those of the O 2- and Cl - anions to the central M 3+ cation diminish in dependence of the increasing atomic number (d(M-O) = 226 - 244 pm / 216 - 232 pm, d(M-Cl) 277 - 278 pm / 266 - 270 pm, M = Sm / Lu). For the synthesis of the chloride oxoselenates(IV) MCl[SeO 3 ] the respective lanthanoid sesquioxide (M 2 O 3 ) and selenium dioxide (SeO 2 ) were reacted with either an eutectic mixture of RbCl and LiCl or with the corresponding lanthanoid trichloride (MCl 3 ) in evacuated silica ampoules for either five weeks at 500 C or one week at 850 C. (orig.)

Role of an extracellular loop in determining the stoichiometry of Na+–HCO3− cotransporters

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Li-Ming; Liu, Ying; Boron, Walter F

2011-01-01

The Na+–HCO3− cotransporters (NBCs) of the solute carrier 4 family (SLC4) are critical for regulating pH in cells as well as in fluids such as blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Moreover, mutations and gene disruptions in NBC are linked to a wide range of pathologies. NBCe1 (SLC4A4) is electrogenic because it has an apparent Na+:HCO3− stoichiometry of 1:2 or 1:3, whereas NBCn1 (SLC4A7) is electroneutral because it has an apparent stoichiometry of 1:1. Because stoichiometry influences the effect of transport on membrane potential and vice versa, a central question is what structural features underlie electrogenicity versus electroneutrality. A previous study on rat NBCe1/n1 chimeras demonstrated that the structural elements determining the electrogenicity of NBCe1-A are located within the transmembrane domain, excluding the large third extracellular loop. In the present study we generated a series of chimeras of human NBCe1-A and human NBCn1-A. We found that replacing merely the predicted fourth extracellular loop (EL4) – containing 32 amino acid residues that include 7 prolines – of human NBCe1-A with EL4 of NBCn1-A creates an electroneutral NBC. The opposite switch converts an electroneutral construct to one with electrogenic properties. The introduction of an N-glycosylation site into EL4 confirms that at least a part of it is exposed to the extracellular fluid. We hypothesize that putative EL4 either contributes to the substrate-binding vestibule or indirectly influences substrate binding by interacting with one or more transmembrane segments, thereby controlling the nature of transport. PMID:21224233

Energy levels of Ho3+ in HoCl63-

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tanner, P.A.

1987-01-01

The 5 S 2 , 5 F 4 , 5 F 2 , 3 K 8 , 5 G 6 , 5 F 1 , 5 G 5 5 I 8 absorption spectra of Cs 2 NaHoCl 6 have been recorded at temperatures down to that of liquid helium and new assignments are made for the 5 S 2 , 5 F 4 , 3 K 8 and 5 G 5 terms of HoCl 6 3- . The 5 F 3 → 5 I 8 , 5 F 4 , 5 S 2 → 5 I 7 , 5 I 8 and 5 F 5 → 5 I 7 luminescence transitions of HoCl 6 3- in various elpasolite lattices are reported and assigned, together with luminescence decay measurements. Including the previously reported data, these results enable 57 of the first 60 crystal-field levels of HoCl 6 3- , comprising 14 Lsub(j) terms, to be firmly assigned and tentative assignments are made for the remaining three levels. The agreement between the calculated and observed crystal-field splittings is reasonable. (author)

Dissociation of deep-core-excited CH{sub 3}Cl

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hansen, D.L.; Martin, R.; Vanderford, B. [Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV (United States)] [and others

1997-04-01

Using x-rays from B.L. 9.3.1, a space-focused time-of-flight (TOF) was used to study photofragmentation of CH{sub 3}Cl following excitation in the neighborhood of the Cl K-shell threshold ({approximately} 2.8 keV). Multi-ion coincidence measurements were used to search for selective dissociation of specific bonds in the molecule. Such selectivity has been observed for excitation near outer-core-level thresholds (e.g., Cl 2p), but this is the first study in deep core levels, where very-short core-hole lifetimes and Auger cascade effects may influence fragmentation. Both high-resolution time-of-flight spectroscopy and multi-coincidence photoelectron-photoion-photoion (PE-PIPICO), as well as photoelectron-photoion-photoion-photoion (PE3PICO) measurements were performed. Dramatic changes in the line shapes for different fragment ions are observed as a function of the excitation energy, and are attributed to selective dissociation of the CH{sub 3}Cl molecule along the C-Cl bond. In addition, pronounced angular distributions of the ejected ions are observed on resonance.

Separating NaCl and AlCl3·6H2O Crystals from Acidic Solution Assisted by the Non-Equilibrium Phase Diagram of AlCl3-NaCl-H2O(-HCl Salt-Water System at 353.15 K

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Huaigang Cheng

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Extracting AlCl3·6H2O from acid leaching solution through crystallization is one of the key processes to extracting aluminum from fly ash, coal gangue and other industrial solid wastes. However, the obtained products usually have low purity and a key problem is the lack of accurate data for phase equilibrium. This paper presented the non-equilibrium phase diagrams of AlCl3-NaCl-H2O (HCl salt-water systems under continuous heating and evaporation conditions, which were the main components of the acid leaching solution obtained through a sodium-assisted activation hydrochloric acid leaching process. The ternary system was of a simple eutonic type under different acidities. There were three crystalline regions; the crystalline regions of AlCl3·6H2O, NaCl and the mixture AlCl3·6H2O/NaCl, respectively. The phase diagram was used to optimize the crystallization process of AlCl3·6H2O and NaCl. A process was designed to evaporate and remove NaCl at the first stage of the evaporation process, and then continue to evaporate and crystallize AlCl3·6H2O after solid-liquid separation. The purities of the final salt products were 99.12% for NaCl and up to 97.35% for AlCl3·6H2O, respectively.

Syntheses, crystal structures and characterizations of BaZn(SeO3)2 and BaZn(TeO3)Cl2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jiang Hailong; Feng Meiling; Mao Jianggao

2006-01-01

Two new barium zinc selenite and tellurite, namely, BaZn(SeO 3 ) 2 and BaZn(TeO 3 )Cl 2 , have been synthesized by the solid state reaction. The structure of BaZn(SeO 3 ) 2 features double chains of [Zn(SeO 3 ) 2 ] 2- anions composed of four- and eight-member rings which are alternatively along a-axis. The double chains of [Zn 2 (TeO 3 ) 2 Cl 3 ] 3- anions in BaZn(TeO 3 )Cl 2 are formed by Zn 3 Te 3 rings in which each tellurite group connects with three ZnO 3 Cl tetrahedra. BaZn(SeO 3 ) 2 and BaZn(TeO 3 )Cl 2 are wide bandgap semiconductors based on optical diffuse reflectance spectrum measurements. -- Graphical abstract: Two new barium zinc selenite and tellurite, namely, BaZn(SeO 3 ) 2 and BaZn(TeO 3 )Cl 2 , have been synthesized by solid state reaction. The structure of BaZn(SeO 3 ) 2 features 1D double chains of [Zn(SeO 3 ) 2 ] 2- anions composed of four- and eight-member rings which are alternatively along a-axis. The 1D double chains of [Zn 2 (TeO 3 ) 2 Cl 3 ] 3- anions in BaZn(TeO 3 )Cl 2 are formed by Zn 3 Te 3 rings in which each tellurite group connects with one ZnO 3 Cl and two ZnO 2 Cl 2 tetrahedra. BaZn(SeO 3 ) 2 and BaZn(TeO 3 )Cl 2 are wide bandgap semiconductors based on optical diffuse reflectance spectrum measurements

Electrodeposition of Al-Ta alloys in NaCl-KCl-AlCl{sub 3} molten salt containing TaCl{sub 5}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sato, Kazuki; Matsushima, Hisayoshi; Ueda, Mikito, E-mail: mikito@eng.hokudai.ac.jp

2016-12-01

Highlights: • Electrodeposition of Al-Ta alloys in an AlCl{sub 3}-NaCl-KCl-TaCl{sub 5} melt was carried out. • We were obtained 72 at% Ta-Al alloy at 0.3 V. • Amorphous Ta-Al was formed in high Ta concentration. - Abstract: To form Al-Ta alloys for high temperature oxidation resistance components, molten salt electrolysis was carried out in an AlCl{sub 3}-NaCl-KCl melt containing TaCl{sub 5} at 423 K. The voltammogram showed two cathodic waves at 0.45 V and 0.7 V vs. Al/Al(III), which may correspond to reduction from Ta(V) to Ta(III) and from Ta(III) to tantalum metal, respectively. Electrodeposits of Al and Ta were obtained in the range from −0.05 to 0.3 V and the highest concentration of Ta in the electrodeposit was 72 at% at 0.3 V. With increasing Ta content in the alloy, the morphology of the electrodeposits became powdery and the particle size smaller.

Two ternary mixed-anion chlorides with divalent europium: Eu{sub 2}H{sub 3}Cl and Eu{sub 7}F{sub 12}Cl{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reckeweg, Olaf [Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301 (United States); Institut fuer Anorganische Chemie, Universitaet Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany); DiSalvo, Francis J. [Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301 (United States); Wolf, Sarah; Schleid, Thomas [Institut fuer Anorganische Chemie, Universitaet Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)

2014-06-15

Dark ruby-red, transparent, triangular plate-shaped single crystals of Eu{sub 2}H{sub 3}Cl and colorless, transparent, needle-shaped single crystals of Eu{sub 7}F{sub 12}Cl{sub 2} were obtained by solid-state reactions of Eu, NaH, NaCl, and Na (2:4:1:2 molar ratio) or Eu, EuCl{sub 3}, and LiF (1:1:4 molar ratio), respectively, in silica-jacketed tantalum ampoules at 900 C for 13 h. Eu{sub 2}H{sub 3}Cl crystallizes isotypically to Ba{sub 2}H{sub 3}X (X = Cl, Br, I) in the trigonal space group P anti 3m1 (no. 164) with lattice parameters a = 409.67(4) and c = 696.18(7) pm, whereas Eu{sub 7}F{sub 12}Cl{sub 2} crystallizes isotypically to Ba{sub 7}F{sub 12}Cl{sub 2} or Sr{sub 7}H{sub 12}Cl{sub 2} in the hexagonal space group P anti 6 (no. 174) with lattice parameters a = 1002.31(5) and c = 392.54(2) pm. Both compounds contain Eu{sup 2+} cations with coordination numbers as high as nine (Eu{sub 7}F{sub 12}Cl{sub 2}) and ten (Eu{sub 2}H{sub 3}Cl) with respect to the halide anions (F{sup -} or H{sup -} and Cl{sup -}). The structural results are corroborated by EUTAX and MAPLE calculations on both ternary mixed-anion europium(II) chlorides in comparison to these for related binary and ternary compounds with divalent europium. (Copyright copyright 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Contraception with RISUG® and functional reversal through DMSO and NaHCO3 in male rabbits.

Science.gov (United States)

Ansari, Abdul S; Badar, Ayesha; Balasubramanian, Krithika; Lohiya, Nirmal K

2017-01-01

The study aimed to evaluate reversal of short- and long-term vas occlusion with reversible inhibition of sperm under guidance (RISUG) using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Animals were divided into seven groups containing five animals each. Fortnightly, semen analysis revealed that sperm concentration and output steadily declined after vas occlusion and complete azoospermia was attained at 30-60 days postinjection. Spermatozoa reappeared at 60-75 days of reversal and normozoospermia was noticed between 135 days and 150 days in the reversal groups. All spermatozoa were found nonmotile prior to azoospermia and a gradual recovery in sperm motility was observed between 105 days and 135 days of reversal. A significant decline in viability of sperms was noticed during vas occlusion up to 30-60 days which recovered at 60-75 days postreversal and normalized by 75-105 days in the reversal groups. A significant enhancement in the sperm abnormalities was recorded in all vas occluded animals as well as those in initial periods of reversal. Other parameters, namely, semen volume, ejaculation time, pH, color, and consistency, remained unaltered during all phases of the study. Fertility test, at the intervals of 15 days, demonstrated that animals exhibited complete sterility during the entire period of vas occlusion. A gradual recovery in fertility was observed with the appearance of spermatozoa following vas occlusion reversal and 100% fertility was observed following 135-150 days of reversal. F1 progeny of reversed animals was found normal. The results suggest that reversal with DMSO or NaHCO3 is feasible, with normal progeny, following short- and long-term contraception.

Comparison of effects of ATP-MgCl2 and adenosine-MgCl2 on renal function following ischemia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sumpio, B.E.; Hull, M.J.; Baue, A.E.; Chaudry, I.H.

1987-01-01

ATO-MgCl 2 administration had been shown to accelerate the recovery of renal function following warm ischemia. However, since the major breakdown product of ATP is adenosine, the relative contribution of ATP vs. adenosine in improving renal function following ischemia remains to be determined. To study this, kidneys were subjected to 45 min of normothermic ischemia and then perfused at 100 mmHg with oxygenated Krebs-HCO 3 buffer containing albumin, [ 3 H]inulin, substrates, and either 0.3 mM ATP-MgCl 2 or adenosine-MgCl 2 for 110 min. Perfusate and timed urine samples were collected and analyzed for radioactivity and [Na + ]. The functional parameters indicated that although adenosine-MgCl 2 treatment provided a transient improvement, it failed to provided a sustained improvement in renal function or attain control valued compared with ATP-MgCl 2 treatment. Thus, the salutary effects of ATP-MgCl 2 following warm ischemia in the kidney are not mediated by adenosine

Near-Band-Edge Optical Responses of CH3NH3PbCl3 Single Crystals: Photon Recycling of Excitonic Luminescence

Science.gov (United States)

Yamada, Takumi; Aharen, Tomoko; Kanemitsu, Yoshihiko

2018-02-01

The determination of the band gap and exciton energies of lead halide perovskites is very important from the viewpoint of fundamental physics and photonic device applications. By using photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra, we reveal the optical properties of CH3NH3PbCl3 single crystals in the near-band-edge energy regime. The one-photon PLE spectrum exhibits the 1 s exciton peak at 3.11 eV. On the contrary, the two-photon PLE spectrum exhibits no peak structure. This indicates photon recycling of excitonic luminescence. By analyzing the spatial distribution of the excitons and photon recycling, we obtain 3.15 eV for the band gap energy and 41 meV for the exciton binding energy.

Role of endolymphatic anion transport in forskolin-induced Cl- activity increase of scala media.

Science.gov (United States)

Kitano, I; Mori, N; Matsunaga, T

1995-03-01

To determine the role of anion transport in the forskolin-induced Cl- increase of scala media (SM), effects of forskolin on the EP (endocochlear potential) and Cl- activity (ACl) in SM were examined with double-barrelled Cl(-)-selective microelectrodes. The experiments were carried out on guinea pig cochleae, using a few anion transport inhibitors: IAA-94 for a Cl- channel blocker, bumetanide (BU) for an Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransport blocker, and SITS and DIDS for Cl-/HCO3- exchange blockers. The application of forskolin (200 microM) into scala vestibuli (SV) caused a 20 mEq increase of endolymphatic ACl and a 15 mV elevation of EP, and IAA-94 with forskolin completely abolished these responses. Although each application of BU, SITS or DIDS did not completely suppress EP elevation, the concurrent application of these inhibitors completely suppressed EP with endolymphatic ACl increase. The results indicate the involvement of Cl- channels, Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransport and Cl-/HCO3- exchange in forskolin-induced increase of ACl and EP. The role of adenylate cyclase activation and Cl- transport in endolymph homeostasis was discussed.

Studies on methods of measurement of radioactivities of 36Cl and 3H in dual labelled samples

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hirano, Shusuke; Asou, Hiroaki; Oishi, Katsuhiko; Hirano, Kiyoshi; Sato, Isamu

1985-01-01

In order to clarify how chloride molecules are transported into nervous tissue cells, we simultaneously used [ 36 Cl] -NaCl and [ 3 H] -inulin, and added AgNO 3 to the extract from the nervous tissue, obtaining 36 Cl-samples from the AgCl-precipitate and 3 H-samples from the supernatant. As for radioactivity of 36 Cl or 3 H in the dual-labelled samples, the recovery rates by our separation method were about 100%. Using cultured astrocytoma cells, 36 Cl-uptake into the cells, which was calculated by inulin assumption, was investigated. Intracellular 36 Cl-radioactivity changed vis-a-vis with that in the extracellular space. The volume of intracellular water, which was calculated by 3 H-inulin assumption, remained unchanged, even though a few variations in 36 Cl-radioactivity in cells were determined by both our separation method and spill-over method. (author)

Electronic structure and magnetic ordering of the semiconducting chromium trihalides CrCl3, CrBr3, and CrI3

KAUST Repository

Wang, Hao

2011-03-01

We present results from an electronic structure investigation of the chromium halides CrCl3, CrBr3, and CrI3, as obtained by the linearized augmented plane wave method of density functional theory. Our interest focuses on the chloride. While all three halides display strong ferromagnetic coupling within the halide-Cr-halide triple layers, our emphasis is on differences in the interlayer magnetic coupling. In agreement with experimental results, our calculations indicate ferromagnetic ordering for CrBr3 as well as CrI3. The antiferromagnetic state of CrCl3 can be reproduced by introducing an on-site electron-electron repulsion. However, we observe that the ground state depends critically on the specific approach used. Our results show that a low temperature structural phase transition from monoclinic to trigonal is energetically favourable for CrCl3. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd.

CH3NH3PbCl3 Single Crystals: Inverse Temperature Crystallization and Visible-Blind UV-Photodetector

KAUST Repository

Maculan, Giacomo; Sheikh, Arif D.; Abdelhady, Ahmed L.; Saidaminov, Makhsud I.; Haque, Mohammed; Banavoth, Murali; Alarousu, Erkki; Mohammed, Omar F.; Wu, Tao; Bakr, Osman

2015-01-01

a new method of sizeable CH3NH3PbCl3 single crystal growth based on retrograde solubility behavior of hybrid perovskites. We show, for the first time, the energy band structure, charge-carrier recombination and transport properties of single crystal

Dynamical spin structure factors of α-RuCl3

Science.gov (United States)

Suzuki, Takafumi; Suga, Sei-ichiro

2018-03-01

Honeycomb-lattice magnet α-RuCl3 is considered to be a potential candidate of realizing Kitaev spin liquid, although this material undergoes a phase transition to the zigzag magnetically ordered state at T N ∼ 7 K. Quite recently, inelastic neutron-scattering experiments using single crystal α-RuCl3 have unveiled characteristic dynamical properties. We calculate dynamical spin structure factors of three ab-initio models for α-RuCl3 with an exact numerical diagonalization method. We also calculate temperature dependences of the specific heat by employing thermal pure quantum states. We compare our numerical results with the experiments and discuss characteristics obtained by using three ab-initio models.

CH3NH3PbCl3 Single Crystals: Inverse Temperature Crystallization and Visible-Blind UV-Photodetector

KAUST Repository

Maculan, Giacomo

2015-09-02

Single crystals of hybrid perovskites have shown remarkably improved physical properties compared to their polycrystalline film counterparts, underscoring their importance in the further development of advanced semiconductor devices. Here we present a new method of sizeable CH3NH3PbCl3 single crystal growth based on retrograde solubility behavior of hybrid perovskites. We show, for the first time, the energy band structure, charge-carrier recombination and transport properties of single crystal CH3NH3PbCl3. The chloride-based perovskite crystals exhibit trap-state density, charge carriers concentration, mobility and diffusion length comparable with the best quality crystals of methylammonium lead iodide or bromide perovskites reported so far. The high quality of the crystal along with its suitable optical bandgap enabled us to design and build an efficient visible-blind UV-photodetector, demonstrating the potential of this material to be employed in optoelectronic applications.

Studies of the effects of TiCl{sub 3} in LiBH{sub 4}/CaH{sub 2}/TiCl{sub 3} reversible hydrogen storage system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu Dongan [Ford Motor Company, Research and Advanced Engineering, MD 1170/RIC, Dearborn, MI 48121 (United States); Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1023 H. H. Dow Building 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 (United States); Yang Jun, E-mail: jyang27@ford.com [Ford Motor Company, Research and Advanced Engineering, MD 1170/RIC, Dearborn, MI 48121 (United States); Ni Jun [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1023 H. H. Dow Building 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 (United States); Drews, Andy [Ford Motor Company, Research and Advanced Engineering, MD 1170/RIC, Dearborn, MI 48121 (United States)

2012-02-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We systematically studied the effects of TiCl{sub 3} in LiBH{sub 4}/CaH{sub 2}/TiCl{sub 3} hydrogen storage system. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer It is found that adding 0.25 TiCl{sub 3} produces fully reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption and a lower desorption temperature. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer LiCl experiences four different states, i.e. 'formed-solid solution-molten solution-precipitation', in the whole desorption process of the system. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The incorporation of LiCl into LiBH{sub 4} forms more viscous molten LiBH{sub 4}{center_dot}LiCl, leading to fast kinetics. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The precipitation and re-incorporation of LiCl into LiBH{sub 4} lead to a fully reversible complex hydrogen storage system. - Abstract: In the present study, the effects of TiCl{sub 3} on desorption kinetics, absorption/desorption reversibility, and related phase transformation processes in LiBH{sub 4}/CaH{sub 2}/TiCl{sub 3} hydrogen storage system was studied systematically by varying its concentration (x = 0, 0.05, 0.15 and 0.25). The results show that LiCl forms during ball milling of 6LiBH{sub 4}/CaH{sub 2}/xTiCl{sub 3} and that as temperature increases, o-LiBH{sub 4} transforms into h-LiBH{sub 4}, into which LiCl incorporates, forming solid solution of LiBH{sub 4}{center_dot}LiCl, which melts above 280 Degree-Sign C. Molten LiBH{sub 4}{center_dot}LiCl is more viscous than molten LiBH{sub 4}, preventing the clustering of LiBH{sub 4} and the accompanied agglomeration of CaH{sub 2}, and thus preserving the nano-sized phase arrangement formed during ball milling. Above 350 Degree-Sign C, the molten solution LiBH{sub 4}{center_dot}LiCl further reacts with CaH{sub 2}, precipitating LiCl. The main hydrogen desorption reaction is between molten LiBH{sub 4}{center_dot}LiCl and CaH{sub 2} and not between molten LiBH{sub 4} and CaH{sub 2}. This alters the hydrogen reaction thermodynamics and

Comparative study of the photodegradation of bisphenol A by HO·, SO{sub 4}·{sup −} and CO{sub 3}·{sup −}/HCO{sub 3}· radicals in aqueous phase

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sánchez-Polo, Manuel, E-mail: mansanch@ugr.es [Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada (Spain); Abdel daiem, Mahmoud M., E-mail: engdaim@ugr.es [Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada (Spain); Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig (Egypt); Ocampo-Pérez, Raúl, E-mail: raul_iqi@yahoo.com.mx [Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada (Spain); Centro de Investigacion y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Av. Dr. M. Nava No. 6, San Luis Potosi, SLP 78210 (Mexico); Rivera-Utrilla, José, E-mail: jrivera@ugr.es [Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada (Spain); Mota, Antonio J., E-mail: mota@ugr.es [Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada (Spain)

2013-10-01

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of oxidation processes based on UV radiation (UV, UV/H{sub 2}O{sub 2}, UV/K{sub 2}S{sub 2}O{sub 8}, and UV/Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3}) to remove bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solution. Results showed that UV radiation was not effective to remove BPA from the medium. The addition of radical promoters such as H{sub 2}O{sub 2}, K{sub 2}S{sub 2}O{sub 8}, or Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3} markedly increased the effectiveness of UV radiation through the generation of HO·, SO{sub 4}·{sup −}, or CO{sub 3}·{sup −}/HCO{sub 3}· radicals, respectively. The reaction rate constants between BPA and HO·, SO{sub 4}·{sup −}, and CO{sub 3}·{sup −}/HCO{sub 3}· radicals were k{sub HO}·{sub BPA} = 1.70 ± 0.21 × 10{sup 10} M{sup −1} s{sup −1}, k{sub SO{sub 4}}· - {sub BPA} = 1.37 ± 0.15 × 10{sup 9} M{sup −1} s{sup −1} and k{sub CO{sub 3}}· - {sub /HCO{sub 3}}·{sub BPA} = 3.89 ± 0.09 × 10{sup 6} M{sup −1} s{sup −1}, respectively. The solution pH had a major effect on BPA degradation with the UV/H{sub 2}O{sub 2} system, followed by UV/K{sub 2}S{sub 2}O{sub 8}, and UV/Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3} systems. All oxidation systems in this study showed 100% effectiveness to remove BPA from wastewater, due to its large content of natural organic matter (NOM), which can absorb UV radiation and generate excited triplet states ({sup 3}NOM*) and various reactive oxygen species. With all three systems, the total organic carbon in the medium was markedly decreased after 5 min of treatment. The toxicity of byproducts was higher than that of BPA when using UV/H{sub 2}O{sub 2}, similar to that of BPA with the UV/Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3} system, and lower than that of BPA after 40 min of treatment with the UV/K{sub 2}S{sub 2}O{sub 8} system. - Highlights: • Removal of bisphenol A (BPA) using UV, UV/H{sub 2}O{sub 2}, UV/K{sub 2}S{sub 2}O{sub 8}, or UV/Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3} was studied. • The reaction rate constants between BPA and HO·• , SO

Reactions of Three Lactones with Cl, OD, and O3

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ausmeel, Stina; Andersen, C.; Nielsen, Ole John

2017-01-01

-methyl-γ-crotonolactone (3M-2(5H)-F) with Cl, OD, and O3 were investigated in a static chamber at 700 Torr and 298 ± 2 K. The relative rate method was used to determine kGVL+Cl = (4.56 ± 0.51) × 10-11, kGVL+OD = (2.94 ± 0.41) × 10-11, k2(5H)-F+Cl = (2.94 ± 0.41) × 10-11, k2(5H)-F+OD = (4.06 ± 0.073) × 10-12, k3M-2(5H......)-F+Cl = (16.1 ± 1.8) × 10-11, and k3M-2(5H)-F+OD = (12.6 ± 0.52) × 10-12, all rate coefficients in units of cm3 molecule-1 s-1. An absolute rate method was used to determine k2(5H)-F+O3 = (6.73 ± 0.18) × 10-20 and k3M-2(5H)-F+O3 = (5.42 ± 1.23) × 10-19 in units of cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Products were identified...

Modeling groundwater age using tritium and groundwater mineralization processes - Morondava sedimentary basin, Southwestern Madagascar

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

RAMAROSON, V.

2007-01-01

The tritium method in the lumped parameter approach was used for groundwater dating in the Morondava sedimentary basin, Southwestern Madagascar. Tritium data were interpreted by the dispersion model. The modeling results, with P D values between 0.05 and 0.7, show that shallow groundwater age is ranging from 17 to 56 years. Different types of chemical composition were determined for these shallow ground waters, among others, Ca-HCO 3 , Ca-Na-HCO 3 , Ca-Na-Mg-HCO 3 , Ca-K-HCO 3 -NO 3 -SO 4 , Na-Cl, or Ca-Na-Mg-Cl. Likewise, deeper ground waters show various chemical type such as Ca-Na-HCO 3 , Ca-Mg-Na H CO 3 , Ca-Na-Mg-HCO 3 , Ca-Na-Mg-HCO 3 -Cl-SO 4 , Ca-Mg-HCO 3 , Na-Ca-Mg-HCO 3 -SO 4 -Cl, Na-Cl-HCO 3 or Na-HCO 3 -Cl. To evaluate the geochemical processes, the NETPATH inverse geochemical modeling type was implemented. The modeling results show that silicate minerals dissolution , including olivine, plagioclase, and pyroxene is more important than calcite or dolomite dissolution, for both shallow and deeper groundwater . In the Southern part of the study area, while halite dissolution is likely to be the source of shallow groundwater chloride concentration rise, the mineral precipitation seems to be responsible for less chloride content in deeper groundwater. Besides, ion exchange contributes to the variations of major cations concentrations in groundwater. The major difference between shallow and deep groundwater mineralization process lies in the leaching of marine aerosols deposits by local precipitation, rapidly infiltrated through the sandy formation and giving marine chemical signature to shallow groundwater [fr

A computational study of the addition of ReO3L (L = Cl(-), CH3, OCH3 and Cp) to ethenone.

Science.gov (United States)

Aniagyei, Albert; Tia, Richard; Adei, Evans

2016-01-01

The periselectivity and chemoselectivity of the addition of transition metal oxides of the type ReO3L (L = Cl, CH3, OCH3 and Cp) to ethenone have been explored at the MO6 and B3LYP/LACVP* levels of theory. The activation barriers and reaction energies for the stepwise and concerted addition pathways involving multiple spin states have been computed. In the reaction of ReO3L (L = Cl(-), OCH3, CH3 and Cp) with ethenone, the concerted [2 + 2] addition of the metal oxide across the C=C and C=O double bond to form either metalla-2-oxetane-3-one or metalla-2,4-dioxolane is the most kinetically favored over the formation of metalla-2,5-dioxolane-3-one from the direct [3 + 2] addition pathway. The trends in activation and reaction energies for the formation of metalla-2-oxetane-3-one and metalla-2,4-dioxolane are Cp Cp Cp Cp Cp. The direct [2 + 2] addition pathways leading to the formations of metalla-2-oxetane-3-one and metalla-2,4-dioxolane is thermodynamically the most favored for the ligands L = OCH3 and Cl(-). The difference between the calculated [2 + 2] activation barriers for the addition of the metal oxide LReO3 across the C=C and C=O functionalities of ethenone are small except for the case of L = Cl(-) and OCH3. The rearrangement of the metalla-2-oxetane-3-one-metalla-2,5-dioxolane-3-one even though feasible, are unfavorable due to high activation energies of their rate-determining steps. For the rearrangement of the metalla-2-oxetane-3-one to metalla-2,5-dioxolane-3-one, the trends in activation barriers is found to follow the order OCH3 Cp. The trends in the activation energies for the most favorable [2 + 2] addition pathways for the LReO3-ethenone system is CH3 > CH3O(-) > Cl(-) > Cp. For the analogous ethylene-LReO3 system, the trends in activation and reaction energies for the most favorable [3 + 2] addition pathway is CH3 > CH3O(-) > Cl(-) > Cp [10]. Even though the most favored pathway in the ethylene-LReO3 system is

36Cl AMS measurement with 3 MV tandem accelerator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Huijuan; Guan Yongjing; Zhang Wei; Jiang Shan; He Ming

2012-01-01

Developing the 36 Cl and other medium heavy isotopes measurement at 3 MV AMS facilities is one of the vital trends in AMS measurement. To further increase suppression factor of 36 S, the energy loss straggling and angular straggling of 36 C1 and 36 S ions in various counter gases (Pl0, isobutane and propane) were investigated. Some water samples were measured with the energy of 32 MeV, the results are in good agreement with the result by ion energy of 72 MeV. The results indicate that the detection limit of 36 C1 with 3 MV AMS facility is approximately 36 Cl/Cl ≈ l0 -14 , and the uncertainty is 30% for the sample with isotopic ration 36 Cl/Cl ≈ lO -13 . (authors)

Electrodeposition of Al from a 1-butylpyrrolidine-AlCl3 ionic liquid

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giridhar Pulletikurthi

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The addition of 1-butylpyrrolidine to AlCl3 results in the formation of an electrolyte that is suited to Al deposition. The feasibility of electrodepositing Al from the synthesized electrolyte was investigated. Several compositions of AlCl3 and 1-butylpyrrolidine were prepared for this purpose. These mixtures show a different phase behavior at various compositions of AlCl3 and 1-butylpyrrolidine. IR, Raman and NMR spectroscopy were employed to characterize the synthesized liquids. Among the prepared compositions, 1:1.2 mol ratio of 1-butylpyrrolidine:AlCl3 and the upper phase of 1:1.3 mol ratio of 1-butylpyrrolidine:AlCl3 were found to be suitable for Al electrodeposition at room temperature (RT. Uniform and thick (~µm thick layers of Al were obtained on copper at RT. Al deposition occured from the cationic species of AlCl3−xLy+ (where x≤2, y=1–2, and L=1-butylpyrrolidine in this electrolyte. This behavior is contrary to the well investigated classic AlCl3 based ionic liquids, where the deposition of Al occurs mainly from anionic Al2Cl7− ions.

{sup 36}Cl exposure dating with a 3-MV tandem

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Steier, Peter, E-mail: peter.steier@univie.ac.a [VERA Laboratory, Fakultaet fuer Physik - Isotopenforschung, Universitaet Wien, Waehringer Strasse 17, A-1090 Wien (Austria); HPK H 31, Institut fuer Teilchenphysik, ETH Zuerich, Schafmattstr. 20 CH-8093 Zuerich (Switzerland); Forstner, Oliver; Golser, Robin; Kutschera, Walter; Martschini, Martin [VERA Laboratory, Fakultaet fuer Physik - Isotopenforschung, Universitaet Wien, Waehringer Strasse 17, A-1090 Wien (Austria); HPK H 31, Institut fuer Teilchenphysik, ETH Zuerich, Schafmattstr. 20 CH-8093 Zuerich (Switzerland); Merchel, Silke [CEREGE, CNRS-IRD-Universite Aix-Marseille, Europole Mediterraneen de L' Arbois, 13545 Aix-en-Provence (France); Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden (Germany); HPK H 31, Institut fuer Teilchenphysik, ETH Zuerich, Schafmattstr. 20 CH-8093 Zuerich (Switzerland); Orlowski, Tobias; Priller, Alfred [VERA Laboratory, Fakultaet fuer Physik - Isotopenforschung, Universitaet Wien, Waehringer Strasse 17, A-1090 Wien (Austria); HPK H 31, Institut fuer Teilchenphysik, ETH Zuerich, Schafmattstr. 20 CH-8093 Zuerich (Switzerland); Vockenhuber, Christof [Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden (Germany); HPK H 31, Institut fuer Teilchenphysik, ETH Zuerich, Schafmattstr. 20 CH-8093 Zuerich (Switzerland); Wallner, Anton [VERA Laboratory, Fakultaet fuer Physik - Isotopenforschung, Universitaet Wien, Waehringer Strasse 17, A-1090 Wien (Austria); HPK H 31, Institut fuer Teilchenphysik, ETH Zuerich, Schafmattstr. 20 CH-8093 Zuerich (Switzerland)

2010-04-15

{sup 36}Cl AMS measurements at natural isotopic concentrations have yet been performed only at tandem accelerators with 5 MV terminal voltage or beyond. We have developed a method to detect {sup 36}Cl at natural terrestrial isotopic concentrations with a 3-MV system, operated above specifications at 3.5 MV. An effective separation was obtained with an optimized split-anode ionization chamber design (adopted from the ETH/PSI Zurich AMS group), providing a suppression factor of up to 30,000 for the interfering isobar {sup 36}S. Despite the good separation, a relatively high sulfur output from the ion source ({sup 36}S{sup -}/{sup 35}Cl{sup -} approx 4 x 10{sup -10} for samples prepared from chemically pure reagents), and a possibly cross contamination resulted in a background corresponding to {sup 36}Cl/Cl approx 3 x 10{sup -14}. The method was applied to samples containing between 10{sup 5} and 10{sup 6} atoms {sup 36}Cl/g rock from sites in Italy and Iran, which were already investigated by other laboratories for surface exposure dating. The {sup 36}Cl/Cl ratios in the range from 2 x 10{sup -13} to 5 x 10{sup -12} show a generally good agreement with the previous results. These first measurements demonstrate that also 3-MV tandems, constituting the majority of dedicated AMS facilities, are capable of {sup 36}Cl exposure dating, which is presently the domain of larger facilities.

Static and dynamic magnetic properties of two synthetic francisites Cu3La(SeO3)2O2X (X = Br and Cl)

Science.gov (United States)

Markina, M. M.; Zakharov, K. V.; Zvereva, E. A.; Denisov, R. S.; Berdonosov, P. S.; Dolgikh, V. A.; Kuznetsova, E. S.; Olenev, A. V.; Vasiliev, A. N.

2017-04-01

The formation of long-range magnetic order at low temperatures was established in francisite—type compounds Cu3La(SeO3)2O2X (X = Br and Cl) through measurements of magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, specific heat and X-band electron spin resonance. The significantly enhanced critical index p = 1.0 ± 0.1 in Cu3La(SeO3)2Br and p = 0.8 ± 0.1 in Cu3La(SeO3)2Cl in the temperature dependence of the width of ESR signal evidence the reduced dimensionality of the kagome-type francisite's magnetic subsystem. Under action of external magnetic field, the presumably non-collinear six-sublattices antiferromagnetic structure of these compounds experiences the first-order metamagnetic transformation. The B- T magnetic phase diagrams were established from the positions of singularities in temperature and field dependences of thermodynamic properties. Contrary to pristine mineral Cu3Bi(SeO3)2Cl, no signature of structural phase transition was detected.

NaCl islands decorated with 2D or 3D 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride nanostructures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun Xiaonan; Silly, Fabien

2010-01-01

The formation of PTCDA (3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride) nanostrutures on Au(1 1 1)-(22x√(3)) covered with NaCl islands has been studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Atomically resolved STM images show that NaCl grows as (1 0 0)-terminated layers on Au(1 1 1)-(22x√(3)). Local atomic hexagonal packing has also been observed in the NaCl(1 0 0) layer. At submonolayer NaCl coverage, PTCDA forms two-dimensional islands on the Au(1 1 1) surface and nucleate preferentially at the NaCl island step edges. When the Au surface is fully covered with NaCl layers, PTCDA molecules form three-dimensional molecular clusters decorating the step edges of NaCl layers.

NaCl islands decorated with 2D or 3D 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride nanostructures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sun Xiaonan [Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen (Netherlands); Silly, Fabien, E-mail: Fabien.silly@cea.fr [Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen (Netherlands); CEA, IRAMIS, SPCSI, Nanostructures and Organic Semiconductors Laboratory, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); UPMC, IPCM, UMR CNRS 7201, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris (France)

2010-01-15

The formation of PTCDA (3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride) nanostrutures on Au(1 1 1)-(22x{radical}(3)) covered with NaCl islands has been studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Atomically resolved STM images show that NaCl grows as (1 0 0)-terminated layers on Au(1 1 1)-(22x{radical}(3)). Local atomic hexagonal packing has also been observed in the NaCl(1 0 0) layer. At submonolayer NaCl coverage, PTCDA forms two-dimensional islands on the Au(1 1 1) surface and nucleate preferentially at the NaCl island step edges. When the Au surface is fully covered with NaCl layers, PTCDA molecules form three-dimensional molecular clusters decorating the step edges of NaCl layers.

Resistance to {gamma} irradiation of LaBr{sub 3}:Ce and LaCl{sub 3}:Ce single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Normand, S. [CEA-Recherche Technologique, DETECS/SSTM CE Saclay F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex (France)]. E-mail: stephane.normand@cea.fr; Iltis, A. [Saint-Gobain Crystals, 104 Route de Larchant, 77140 St Pierre les Nemours (France); Bernard, F. [Saint-Gobain Crystals, 104 Route de Larchant, 77140 St Pierre les Nemours (France); Domenech, T. [CEA-Recherche Technologique, DETECS/SSTM CE Saclay F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex (France); Delacour, P. [CEA-Recherche Technologique, DETECS/SSTM CE Saclay F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex (France)

2007-03-11

LaBr{sub 3}:Ce (Brillance 380) and LaCl{sub 3}:Ce (Brillance 350) both exhibit a very good energy resolution and energy linearity response. They are also more sensitive to {gamma}-rays than NaI(Tl) detectors, due to their higher density. The aim of this work is to determine the behaviour of those new single crystals in comparison with NaI(Tl) under severe {gamma}-ray irradiation. Therefore we have irradiated three 25 by 25 mm cylinder crystals encapsulated in air-tight aluminium housing with {sup 60}Co beam. Crystals were tested as stand-alone material not to test the impact of radiation to our photomultiplier tube (PMT). Only encapsulated crystals (alone, without PMTs) were irradiated during several periods to achieve the final 3.4 kGy integrated dose. Intermediate measurements of {sup 137}Cs spectrum were done in order to evaluate the impact of the dose on the studied crystal performances. The radiation hardness of LaBr{sub 3}:Ce and LaCl{sub 3}:Ce was then compared to NaI(Tl). We show in this paper that up to 3.4 kGy no permanent modification of the energy resolution nor colour change is observed for LaBr{sub 3}:Ce and LaCl{sub 3}:Ce crystals. The light output also seems quite stable. This is in stark contrast with the behaviour of NaI:Tl which exhibits continuously decreasing light output, colour change and worsening of energy resolution for doses above 5 Gy.

An empirical, quantitative approach to predict the reactivity of some substituted aromatic compounds towards reactive radical species (Cl2-*, Br2-*, *NO2, SO3-*, SO4-*) in aqueous solution.

Science.gov (United States)

Minero, Claudio; Maurino, Valter; Pelizzetti, Ezio; Vione, Davide

2006-07-01

The Hammett approach, applied to the reaction of various classes of aromatic compounds with the radicals Cl2-*, Br2-*, *NO2, SO3-*, and SO4-* yielded good predictive models, supported by high values of the correlation coefficient r2 in the case of phenols with Cl2-* and of phenolates with *NO2 and SO3-*. Lower but statistically significant correlation coefficients could be obtained for benzoates with Cl2-*, phenolates with Br2-*, and benzoates and anisoles with SO4-*.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of poly(3-hexylthiophene) via direct oxidation with FeCl{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nicho, M.E., E-mail: menicho@uaem.mx [Centro de Investigacion en Ingenieria y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico); Garcia-Escobar, C.H.; Hernandez-Martinez, D. [Centro de Investigacion en Ingenieria y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico); Linzaga-Elizalde, I. [Centro de Investigaciones Quimicas (CIQ) de la UAEM (Mexico); Cadenas-Pliego, G. [Centro de Investigacion en Quimica Aplicada, Saltillo, Coahuila (Mexico)

2012-09-20

In this work, CoolMate microwave synthesis system was employed to synthesize soluble poly(3-hexylthiophene) by direct oxidation of 3-hexylthiophene monomer with FeCl{sub 3} as oxidant. P3HT was synthesized varying reaction time by 2 h, 1 h and 0.5 h. According to the results optimal microwave radiation time for synthesis was 1 h. On the other hand, P3HT was synthesized in two different solvents: chloroform (CHCl{sub 3}) and dichloromethane (CH{sub 2}Cl{sub 2}). The obtained yields depend on the solvent and the reaction time used in the synthesis, microwave-assisted synthesis leads to outstanding increase in yield (with dichloromethane solvent). Homogeneous thin films were prepared by spin-coating technique from toluene. Physicochemical characterization of P3HT polymers was carried out: changes in weight molecular distribution and polydispersity were obtained by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography); dyads and triads percent were analyzed by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). Surface topographical changes were obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM images revealed that the surface morphology depends on synthesis method, reaction time and solvent used. Finally the samples were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and ultraviolet-visible analysis (UV-vis). Compared with the traditional method (without microwave), this method provided considerable decrease in the reaction time, both lower polydispersity and molecular weight, less volume of solvents for the synthesis, as well as more alternatives for solvent choice. The results confirmed the versatility of the procedure by microwave, which yields polymeric materials in 1 h and has no adverse effects on the polymers quality.

Long-term effects of intratracheally instilled 253EsCl3 in rats

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ballou, J.E.; Dagle, G.E.; Morrow, W.

1975-01-01

ts administered 253 EsCl 3 by intratracheal instillation developed more bone tumors and fewer lung tumors than similar rats administered 239 Pu(NO 3 ) 4 . In explanation, it is suggested that 253 Es may irradiatete bone surface cells more effectively while 239 Pu may irradiate a greater total number of cells in the lung. (U.S.)

Phase Transitions in CsSnCl3 and CsPbBr3 An NMR and NQR Study

Science.gov (United States)

Sharma, Surendra; Weiden, Norbert; Weiss, Alarich

1991-04-01

The phase transitions in CsSnCl3 and CsPbBr3 have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction, by 81Br-NQR and by 'H-, 119Sn-, and 113Cs-NMR. At room temperature in air CsSnCl3 forms a hydrate which can be dehydrated to the monoclinic phase II of CsSnCl3. The high temperature phase I has the Perovskite structure, as the X-ray and NMR experiments show. The three phases of CsPbBr3, known from literature, have been corroborated. The results are discussed in the framework of the group ABX3, A = alkalimetal ion, B = IV main group ion, and X = Halogen ion

Toxicity of inhaled 144CeCl3 in beagle dogs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muggenburg, B.A.; Hahn, F.F.; Boecker, B.B.; McClellan, R.O.; Pickrell, J.A.

1980-01-01

The metabolism, dosimetry and effects of inhaled 144 CeCl 3 in beagle dogs are being studied to assess the biological consequences of inhaling 144 Ce. Studies have shown that the 144 Ce deposited in the lung as 144 CeCl 3 is translocated at a moderately rapid rate to liver and skeleton and that significant radiation doses are accumulated by all three organs. Fifty-five dogs that inhaled 144 CeCl 3 and 17 control dogs are being observed for their life span. The 144 Ce-exposed dogs had long-term retained burdens that ranged from 2.6 to 360 μCi 144 Ce/kg body weight. Fifty-three of the dogs exposed to 144 CeCl 3 have died and twelve control dogs have died. Serial observations are continuing on the two surviving exposed dogs and five control dogs

Synthesis, crystal structure and optical properties of two new layered cadmium iodates: Cd(IO3)X (X=Cl, OH)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, Bing-Ping; Mao, Jiang-Gao

2014-01-01

Systematic explorations of new compounds in the cadmium iodate system by hydrothermal reactions led to two layered iodates, namely, Cd(IO 3 )X (X=Cl, OH). Cd(IO 3 )Cl crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmca (No. 64) whereas Cd(IO 3 )(OH) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62). Cd(IO 3 )Cl displays a unique double layered structure composed of 1 ∞ [Cd−O 3 Cl] n chains. Cadmium octahedrons form a 1D chain along the a-axis through edge sharing, and such chains are further interconnected via IO 3 groups to form a special double layer on (020) plane. Cd(IO 3 )(OH) also exhibits a layered structure that is composed of cadmium cations, IO 3 groups and hydroxyl ions. Within a layer, chains of CdO 6 edge-shared octahedra are observed along the b-axis. And these chains are connected by IO 3 groups into a layer parallel to the bc plane. Spectroscopic characterizations, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis for the reported two compounds are also presented. - Graphical abstract: Two new layered cadmium iodates Cd(IO 3 )X (X=Cl, OH) are reported. Cd(IO 3 )Cl features a unique double layered structure whereas Cd(IO 3 )(OH) displays an ordinary layered structure. - Highlights: • Two new layered cadmium iodates Cd(IO 3 )X (X=Cl, OH) are reported. • Cd(IO 3 )Cl features a unique double layered structure. • Cd(IO 3 )(OH) displays an ordinary layered structure. • The spectroscopic and thermal properties have been studied in detail

36Cl-AMS measurements with 3-MV tandem accelerator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Huijuan; Guan Yongjing; Zhang Wei; Jiang Shan; Ming He

2013-01-01

36 C- is one of the most interesting nuclides in accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements. The application of 36 Cl has been widely applied in various fields. All most all of 36 Cl AMS measurements at natural isotopic concentrations have yet been performed at tandem accelerator with 5 MV or higher terminal voltage. The measure improvement of 36 Cl and other medium heavy isotopes performed at 3 MV in AMS facilities is one of the hottest topics in AMS measurements. In order to increase the suppression factor of 36 S, the energy loss straggling and angular straggling of 36 Cl and 36 S ions in various counter gases (P10, isobutane and propane) were investigated. Some groundwater samples were measured with energy of 32 MeV, and the results were in good agreement with the result obtained with ion energy of 72 MeV. The results indicate that the approximate detection limit of 36 Cl in 3 MV AMS facility is 36 Cl/Cl=1 × 10 -14 , and the uncertainty is 30% when the sample with isotopic ration 36 Cl/Cl≈10 -13 . (authors)

Analytical investigation of AlCl[3]/SO[2]Cl[2] catholyte materials for secondary fuze reserve batteries.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Butler, Paul Charles; Rodriguez, Mark Andrew; Segall, Judith M.; Malizia, Louis A., Jr.; Cherry, Brian Ray; Andrews, Nicholas L.; Clark, Nancy H.; Alam, Todd Michael; Ingersoll, David T.; Tallant, David Robert; Simpson, Regina Lynn; Boyle, Timothy J.; Garcia, Manuel Joseph

2004-05-01

Exploration of the fundamental chemical behavior of the AlCl{sub 3}/SO{sub 2}Cl{sub 2} catholyte system for the ARDEC Self-Destruct Fuze Reserve Battery Project under accelerated aging conditions was completed using a variety of analytical tools. Four different molecular species were identified in this solution, three of which are major. The relative concentrations of the molecular species formed were found to depend on aging time, initial concentrations, and storage temperature, with each variable affecting the kinetics and thermodynamics of this complex reaction system. We also evaluated the effect of water on the system, and determined that it does not play a role in dictating the observed molecular species present in solution. The first Al-containing species formed was identified as the dimer [Al({mu}-Cl)Cl{sub 2}]{sub 2}, and was found to be in equilibrium with the monomer, AlCl{sub 3}. The second species formed in the reaction scheme was identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies as [Cl{sub 2}Al({mu}-O{sub 2}SCl)]{sub 2} (I), a scrambled AlCl{sub 3}{center_dot}SO{sub 2} adduct. The SO{sub 2}(g) present, as well as CL{sub 2}(g), was formed through decomposition of SO{sub 2}CL{sub 2}. The SO{sub 2}(g) generated was readily consumed by AlCl{sub 3} to form the adduct 1 which was experimentally verified when 1 was also isolated from the reaction of SO{sub 2}(g) and AlCl {sub 3}. The third species found was tentatively identified as a compound having the general formula {l_brace}[Al(O)Cl{sub 2}][OSCl{sub 2}]{r_brace}{sub n}. This was based on {sup 27}Al NMR data that revealed a species with tetrahedrally coordinated Al metal centers with increased oxygen coordination and the fact that the precipitate, or gel, that forms over time was shown by Raman spectroscopic studies to possess a component that is consistent with SOCl{sub 2}. The precursor to the precipitate should have similar constituents, thus the assignment of {l_brace}[Al(O)Cl{sub 2}][OSCl{sub 2

Surface generation of a cobalt-derived water oxidation electrocatalyst developed in a neutral HCO3 -/CO2 system

KAUST Repository

Joya, Khurram Saleem

2014-06-04

Neutral HCO3 -/CO2 is a new electrolyte system for in situ generation of robust and efficient Co-derived (Co-Ci) water oxidation electrocatalysts. The Co-Ci/indium tin oxide system shows a remarkable 2.0 mA cm-2 oxygen evolution current density that is sustained for several hours. 7.5 nmol of electroactive species per cm2 generates about 109 μmol of O2 at a rate of 0.51 per mol of catalyst per second.

Surface generation of a cobalt-derived water oxidation electrocatalyst developed in a neutral HCO3 -/CO2 system

KAUST Repository

Joya, Khurram Saleem; Takanabe, Kazuhiro; De Groot, Huub J M

2014-01-01

Neutral HCO3 -/CO2 is a new electrolyte system for in situ generation of robust and efficient Co-derived (Co-Ci) water oxidation electrocatalysts. The Co-Ci/indium tin oxide system shows a remarkable 2.0 mA cm-2 oxygen evolution current density that is sustained for several hours. 7.5 nmol of electroactive species per cm2 generates about 109 μmol of O2 at a rate of 0.51 per mol of catalyst per second.

TESTING THE GLOBAL STAR FORMATION RELATION: AN HCO+ (3-2) MAPPING STUDY OF RED MSX SOURCES IN THE BOLOCAM GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schenck, David E.; Shirley, Yancy L.; Reiter, Megan; Juneau, Stephanie

2011-01-01

We present an analysis of the relation between the star formation rate (SFR) and mass of dense gas in Galactic clumps and nearby galaxies. Using the bolometric luminosity as a measure of SFR and the molecular line luminosity of HCO + (3-2) as a measure of dense gas mass, we find that the relation between SFR and M dense is approximately linear. This is similar to published results derived using HCN (1-0) as a dense gas tracer. HCO + (3-2) and HCN (1-0) have similar conditions for excitation. Our work includes 16 Galactic clumps that are in both the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey and the Red MSX Source Survey, 27 water maser sources from the literature, and the aforementioned HCN (1-0) data. Our results agree qualitatively with predictions of recent theoretical models which state that the nature of the relation should depend on how the critical density of the tracer compares with the mean density of the gas.

Synchrotron radiation studies on luminescence of Eu2+-doped LaCl3 microcrystals embedded in a NaCl matrix

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Savchyn, P.V.; Vistovskyy, V.V.; Pushak, A.S.; Voloshinovskii, A.S.; Gektin, A.V.; Pankratov, V.; Popov, A.I.

2012-01-01

LaCl 3 :Eu 2+ microcrystals dispersed in the NaCl matrix have been obtained in the NaCl–LaCl 3 (1 mol.%)–EuCl 3 (0.1 mol.%) crystalline system. The low-temperature luminescent properties of these microcrystals have been studied upon the VUV and UV excitation by the synchrotron radiation. The spectroscopic parameters as well as decay time constants of Eu 2+ -doped LaCl 3 host have been established. The excitation mechanism of divalent europium centers through energy transfer and reabsorption is discussed.

A mass spectrometric study of the neutral and ionic vapor components of ytterbium chlorides; formation enthalpies of YbCl2 and YbCl3 molecules, and YbCl3- and YbCl4- ions in the gas phase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuznetsov, F.Yh.; Kudin, L.S.; Pogrebnoj, A.M.; Butman, M.F.; Burdukovskaya, G.G.

1997-01-01

Ionic and neutral components of saturated vapour over the ytterbium di-and trichloride is studied through the Knudsen effusive method with mass-spectromic registration of evaporated products within the temperature range of 1000-1300 K. It is found that ytterbium trichloride is subjected to thermal decomposition with formation of ytterbium dichloride and molecular chloride. Sublimation enthalpy and enthalpy of YbCl 2 and YbCl 3 molecules formation in a gaseous phase at 298 K, comprising 356±6, 293±8, -425±6 and -667±6 kJ/mole correspondingly, are determined with application of 2 and 3 thermodynamical laws. Enthalpies of YbCl 3 - and YbCl 4 - negative ions formation in a gaseous phase at 298 K equal to -895 and -1211±30 kJ/mole correspondingly are calculated by measured equilibrium constants ion-molecular reaction. 30 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs

Crystal growth and structure of the barium chloride nitrido-tantalate(V) Ba_3Cl_2TaN_3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Blaschkowski, Bjoern; Duerr, Oliver; Reckeweg, Olaf; Schleid, Thomas

2015-01-01

Transparent, light yellow single crystals of the barium chloride nitridotantalate(V) Ba_3Cl_2TaN_3 (hexagonal, P6_3cm; a = 1507.39(8) pm, c = 632.98(3) pm, c/a = 0.420; Z = 6) are obtained by the reaction of the barium azide chloride Ba(N_3)Cl or its ternary decomposition products with the container wall of arc-welded tantalum ampoules at 900 C after four days. Its crystal structure displays one-dimensional chains "1_∞{[TaN_2_/_2N_2_/_1]"4"-} consisting of corner-sharing [TaN_4]"7"- tetrahedra (d(Ta-N) = 191-200 pm), which run along [001] and arrange as hexagonal rod packing. Charge compensation of these parallel "1_∞{[TaN_3]"4"-} strands occurs via Ba"2"+ cations and Cl"- anions erecting a three-dimensional network "3_∞{[Ba_3Cl_2]"4"+} (d(Ba-Cl) = 318-339 pm) with narrow channels apt to embed the chains. Several Ba-N contacts ranging between 264 and 319 pm secure the interconnection between both structural arrays and complete the coordination numbers of the Ba"2"+ cations to seven or eight. (Copyright copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Neutron scattering studies on phase transitions in (CD3ND3)2CuCl4 and MnCl2.4H2O

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steijger, J.J.M.

1982-10-01

In this thesis the results of neutron scattering experiments and measurements of the susceptibility on some compounds which display magnetic and/or structural phase transitions, are described. Following an introductory chapter, chapter 2 shows that neutron scattering can be used as a tool for unravelling problems in crystallographic and magnetic structure. The qualitative different scattering patterns for scatters are described. In chapters 3 and 4 an investigation on the layered ferromagnets (CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 CuCl 4 and (CD 3 ND 3 ) 2 CuCl 4 is described. In these materials the copper ions, which carry the magnetic moment, are more closely spaced in the ab-planes, and consequently the magnetic interactions in these planes are stronger than those in the direction perpendicular to these planes by about a factor of 10 5 . Chapter 5 presents a discussion and a calculation of demagnetizing and dipole fields. The second part of this thesis is concerned with the transition from the antiferromagnetic to the paramagnetic phase in MnCl 2 .4H 2 O in the presence of a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the preferred direction of the magnetic moments. The theory is reviewed in chapter 6 and in chapter 7 the correction procedure for inhomogeneous internal fields is applied to the measurements on MnCl 2 .4H 2 O. (Auth./C.F.)

Neutron scattering from (CD3ND3)2MnCl4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lehner, N.

1978-12-01

For the perovskite-type crystal (CD 3 ND 3 ) 2 MnCl 4 neutron scattering experiments were performed concerning the magnetic behaviour, critical phenomena and lattice dynamics. The crystal is built up from layers, resulting in a quasi two-dimensional antiferromagnetic order, whereas the lattice dynamics shows a more three-dimensional behaviour; this can be explained by long-range Coulomb forces. Only the correlation lengths, which were determined by critical scattering, show a pronounced anisotropy. (orig.) [de

Saturated vapor pressure over molten mixtures of GaCl3 and alkali metal chlorides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salyulev, A.B.; Smolenskij, V.V.; Moskalenko, N.I.

2004-01-01

Volatilities of GaCl 3 and alkali metal chlorides over diluted (up to 3 mol %) solutions of GaCl 3 in LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and CsCl were measured at 1100 K by dynamic and indirect static methods. Chemical composition of saturated vapor over the mixed melts was determined. Partial pressures of the components were calculated. Their values depend essentially on specific alkali metal cation and on concentration of GaCl 3 ; their variation permits altering parameters of GaCl 3 distillation from the salt melt in a wide range [ru

The collection of uranium from sea water with hydrous metal oxide, 3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamashita, Hisao; Nakajima, Fumito; Ozawa, Yoshihiro; Murata, Toshifumi.

1980-01-01

The effect of diverse ions present in sea water on the uranium adsorption is elucidated in the present paper. The uranium-adsorption experiments were conducted using sea water and a solution containing 0.72 mol dm -3 NaCl and 2.3 x 10 -3 mol dm -3 NaHCO 3 . The uranium uptake was about ten times larger from the NaCl-NaHCO 3 solution than from sea water. The ions which depressed the uranium uptake were the calcium, magnesium, and fluoride present in sea water. Among these ions, calcium had the largest effect on the uranium uptake. The analysis of calcium and carbonate in the adsorbent after the adsorption experiment has revealed that the molar ratio between calcium and carbonate was about one. It was considered that calcium carbonate was deposited on the adsorbent during the uranium adsorption. The specific surface area and the pore volume decreased after the deposition of calcium carbonate. It was supposed that the decrease in the uranium uptake was caused by the coverage of the surface of hydrous titanium(IV) oxide with calcium carbonate. Magnesium ions depressed the uranium uptake in the same manner as calcium ions. The effect of the magnesium ions, however, was relatively small compared with that of the calcium ions. (author)

SnCl2/TiCl3-Mediated Deoximation of Oximes in an Aqueous Solvent

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tsung-Hsun Chuang

2012-03-01

Full Text Available A simple procedure for SnCl2/TiCl3-mediated deoximation of ketoximes in an aqueous solvent is reported. Under the conditions developed in this effort, various ketones and aldehydes are produced in good to excellent yields.

Modulation of electronic and optical properties in mixed halide perovskites CsPbCl3xBr3(1-x) and CsPbBr3xI3(1-x)

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Ziqi; Cui, Yu; Deng, Hui-Xiong; Huang, Le; Wei, Zhongming; Li, Jingbo

2017-03-01

The recent discovery of lead halide perovskites with band gaps in the visible presents important potential in the design of high efficient solar cells. CsPbCl3, CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 are stable compounds within this new family of semiconductors. By performing the first-principles calculation, we explore the structural, electronic and optical properties of CsPbCl3xBr3(1-x) and CsPbBr3xI3(1-x) with various compositions of halide atoms. Structural stability is demonstrated with halide atoms distributing randomly at the halide atomic sites. CsPbCl3xBr3(1-x) and CsPbBr3xI3(1-x) exhibit the modulation of their band gaps by varying the halide composition. Our results also indicate that CsPbCl3xBr3(1-x) and CsPbBr3xI3(1-x) with different halide compositions are suitable to application to solar cells for the general features are well preserved. Good absorption to lights of different wavelengths has been obtained in these mixed halide perovskites.

Relation between Kitaev magnetism and structure in $\\alpha$-RuCl$_3$

OpenAIRE

Glamazda, A.; Lemmens, P.; Do, S. -H.; Kwon, Y. S.; Choi, K. -Y.

2017-01-01

Raman scattering has been employed to investigate lattice and magnetic excitations of the honeycomb Kitaev material $\\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ and its Heisenberg counterpart CrCl$_3$. Our phonon Raman spectra give evidence for a first-order structural transition from a monoclinic to a rhombohedral structure for both compounds. Significantly, only $\\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ features a large thermal hysteresis, consistent with the formation of a wide phase of coexistence. In the related temperature interval of $...

Quaternary reciprocal system Na,K//Cl,Co3,MoO4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kochkarov, Zh.A.; Gasanaliev, A.M.

2004-01-01

Quaternary reciprocal system Na,K//Cl,Co 3 ,MoO 4 has been investigated for the first time by differential thermal analysis using the methods of projective and differential geometry. A stable (KCl) 2 -Na 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3 -K 2 MoO 4 tetrahedron and (NaCl) 2 -(KCl) 2 -Na 2 CO 3 -K 2 MoO 4 -Na 2 MoO 4 pentatope have been revealed in the system. It has been found that four quadruple invariant points are realized in the Na,K//Cl,Co 3 ,MoO 4 system, including one eutectic and three peritectic points [ru

The volumetric and thermochemical properties of Y(ClO4)3 (aq), Yb(ClO4)3 (aq), Dy(ClO4)3 (aq), and Sm(ClO4)3 (aq) at T=(288.15,298.15,313.15, and 328.15) K and p=0.1 MPa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hakin, Andrew W.; Lukacs, Michael J.; Liu, Jin Lian; Erickson, Kristy; Madhavji, Asha

2003-01-01

Relative densities and relative massic heat capacities have been measured for aqueous solutions of Y(ClO 4 ) 3 , Yb(ClO 4 ) 3 , Dy(ClO 4 ) 3 , and Sm(ClO 4 ) 3 at T=(288.15,298.15,313.15, and 328.15) K and p=0.1 MPa. These measurements were made in the concentration range 0.01624≤m/(mol·kg -1 )≤0.41822 using a Sodev 02D Vibrating Tube Densimeter and a Picker Microflow Calorimeter, respectively. To counter the potential effects of hydrolysis, aqueous solutions of the investigated salts were acidified with perchloric acid. After correcting for the presence of the acid, the measured properties were used to calculate apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities for solutions of the perchlorate salts in water. The calculated apparent molar properties were modeled at each investigated temperature using Pitzer ion interaction equations to produce estimates of apparent molar volumes and heat capacities at infinite dilution. In addition, the temperature dependences of the apparent molar properties of each salt were found to be well modeled by temperature dependent Pitzer ion interaction equations. The Helgeson, Kirham, and Flowers equations of state were incorporated into the Pitzer ion interaction equations in order to model the infinite dilution properties of the salts. Single ion volumes and heat capacities of the investigated trivalent metal cations have been calculated and compared to previously reported values

A thermodynamic model for the solubility of NpO2(am) in the aqueous K+-HCO3--CO32--OH--H2O system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rai, D.; Hess, N.J.; Felmy, A.R.; Moore, D.A.; Yui, M.

1999-01-01

Solubility of NpO 2 (am) was determined in the aqueous K + -HCO 3 - -CO 3 2- -OH - -H 2 O system extending to high concentrations of carbonate, bicarbonate, and mixed carbonate-hydroxide. Several reducing agents (Fe powder, Na 2 S 2 O 4 , NH 2 . NH 2 , and NH 2 OH . HCl) were tested for their effectiveness to maintain neptunium in the tetravalent state. Of these reducing agents, Na 2 S 2 O 4 was found to be the most effective. Even in the presence of Na 2 S 2 O 4 , significant oxidation of Np(IV) to Np(V) occurred in samples containing relatively low concentrations of carbonate/bicarbonate, relatively high concentrations of hydroxide, and samples equilibrated for relatively long periods. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and solvent extraction were used to identify aqueous species and oxidation states and to help select appropriate data sets for thermodynamic interpretations. The dominant aqueous species in CO 3 2- and relatively concentrated HCO 3 - solutions was found by XAS to be Np(CO 3 ) 5 6- . Solubility of NpO 2 (am) in carbonate and bicarbonate solutions increased dramatically with increasing molal concentrations (carbonate >0.1 moles per kg H 2 O (m) and bicarbonate >0.01 m), indicating that carbonate makes strong complexes with Np(IV). The dominant Np(IV)-carbonate species that reasonably described all of the experimental data were Np(CO 3 ) 5 6- in low to high concentrations of carbonate and hydroxide and in high concentrations of bicarbonate, and Np(OH) 2 (CO 3 ) 2 2- in low concentrations of bicarbonate. The logarithm of the thermodynamic equilibrium constants for the NpO 2 (am) dissolution reactions involving these species [(NpO 2 (am) + 5 CO 3 2- + 4 H + Np(CO 3 ) 3 6- + 2 H 2 O) and (NpO 2 (am) + 2 HCO 3 - Np(OH) 2 (CO 3 ) 2 2- )] were found to be 34.85 and -4.44, respectively. These values, when combined with the solubility product of NpO 2 (am) [log K Sp = -54.9 [1, and recent unpublished data from Rai et al.

Magnetic Excitations in α-RuCl3

Science.gov (United States)

Nagler, Stephen; Banerjee, Arnab; Bridges, Craig; Yan, Jiaqiang; Mandrus, David; Stone, Matthew; Aczel, Adam; Li, Ling; Yiu, Yuen; Lumsden, Mark; Knolle, Johannes; Moessner, Roderich; Tennant, Alan

2015-03-01

The layered material α-RuCl3 is composed of stacks of weakly coupled honeycomb lattices of octahedrally coordinated Ru3+ ions. The Ru ion ground state has 5 d electrons in the low spin state, with spin-orbit coupling very strong compared to other terms in the single ion Hamiltonian. The material is therefore an excellent candidate for investigating possible Heisenberg-Kitaev physics. In addition, this compound is very amenable to investigation by neutron scattering to explore the magnetic ground state and excitations in detail. Here we discuss new time-of-flight inelastic neutron scattering data on α-RuCl3. A high energy excitation near 200 meV is identified as a transition from the single ion J=1/2 ground state to the J=3/2 excited state, yielding a direct measurement of the spin orbit coupling energy. Higher resolution measurements reveal two collective modes at much lower energy scales. The results are compared with the theoretical expectations for excitations in the Heisenberg - Kitaev model on a honeycomb lattice, and show that Kitaev interactions are important. Research at SNS supported by the DOE BES Scientific User Facilities Division.

Role of Cl−–HCO3 − exchanger AE3 in intracellular pH homeostasis in cultured murine hippocampal neurons, and in crosstalk to adjacent astrocytes

Science.gov (United States)

Salameh, Ahlam I.; Hübner, Christian A.

2016-01-01

Key points A polymorphism of human AE3 is associated with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Knockout of AE3 in mice lowers the threshold for triggering epileptic seizures. The explanations for these effects are elusive.Comparisons of cells from wild‐type vs. AE3–/– mice show that AE3 (present in hippocampal neurons, not astrocytes; mediates HCO3 – efflux) enhances intracellular pH (pHi) recovery (decrease) from alkali loads in neurons and, surprisingly, adjacent astrocytes.During metabolic acidosis (MAc), AE3 speeds initial acidification, but limits the extent of pHi decrease in neurons and astrocytes.AE3 speeds re‐alkalization after removal of MAc in neurons and astrocytes, and speeds neuronal pHi recovery from an ammonium prepulse‐induced acid load.We propose that neuronal AE3 indirectly increases acid extrusion in (a) neurons via Cl– loading, and (b) astrocytes by somehow enhancing NBCe1 (major acid extruder). The latter would enhance depolarization‐induced alkalinization of astrocytes, and extracellular acidification, and thereby reduce susceptibility to epileptic seizures. Abstract The anion exchanger AE3, expressed in hippocampal (HC) neurons but not astrocytes, contributes to intracellular pH (pHi) regulation by facilitating the exchange of extracellular Cl– for intracellular HCO3 –. The human AE3 polymorphism A867D is associated with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Moreover, AE3 knockout (AE3–/–) mice are more susceptible to epileptic seizure. The mechanism of these effects has been unclear because the starting pHi in AE3–/– and wild‐type neurons is indistinguishable. The purpose of the present study was to use AE3–/– mice to investigate the role of AE3 in pHi homeostasis in HC neurons, co‐cultured with astrocytes. We find that the presence of AE3 increases the acidification rate constant during pHi recovery from intracellular alkaline loads imposed by reducing [CO2]. The presence of AE3 also speeds intracellular

The volumetric and thermochemical properties of YCl{sub 3}(aq), YbCl{sub 3}(aq), DyCl{sub 3}(aq), SmCl{sub 3}(aq), and GdCl{sub 3}(aq) at T=(288.15, 298.15, 313.15, and 328.15) K and p=0.1 MPa[Trivalent metal chlorides; Densities; Heat capacities; Single ion properties; Calorimetry; Densimetry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hakin, Andrew W. E-mail: hakin@uleth.ca; Lukacs, Michael J.; Liu, Jin Lian; Erickson, Kristy

2003-11-01

Relative densities and massic heat capacities have been measured for acidified aqueous solutions of YCl{sub 3}(aq), YbCl{sub 3}(aq), DyCl{sub 3}(aq), SmCl{sub 3}(aq), and GdCl{sub 3}(aq) at T=(288.15, 298.15, 313.15, and 328.15) K and p=0.1 MPa. These measurements have been used to calculate experimental apparent molar volumes and heat capacities which, when used in conjunction with Young's rule, were used to calculate the apparent molar properties of the aqueous chloride salt solutions. The latter calculations required the use of volumetric and thermochemical data for aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid that have been previously reported in the literature. The concentration dependences of the apparent molar properties have been modeled using Pitzer ion interaction equations to yield apparent molar volumes and heat capacities at infinite dilution. The temperature and concentration dependences of the apparent molar volumes and heat capacities of each trivalent salt system were modeled using modified Pitzer ion interaction equations. These equations utilized the revised Helgeson, Kirkham, and Flowers equations of state to model the temperature dependences of apparent molar volumes and heat capacities at infinite dilution. Calculated apparent molar volumes and heat capacities at infinite dilution have been used to calculate single ion properties for the investigated trivalent metal cations. These values have been compared to those previously reported in the literature. The differences between single ion values calculated in this study and those values calculated from thermodynamic data for aqueous perchlorate salts are also discussed.

Technetium labeling of monoclonal antibodies with functionalized BATOs. 1. TcCl(DMG)3PITC.

Science.gov (United States)

Linder, K E; Wen, M D; Nowotnik, D P; Malley, M F; Gougoutas, J Z; Nunn, A D; Eckelman, W C

1991-01-01

BATO (boronic acid adduct of technetium dioximes) complexes, TcCl(dioxime)3BR, were prepared in which the boron substituent (R) was the protein-reactive m-phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC). The 99TcCl(dioxime)3PITC complexes [dioxime = dimethylglyoxime (DMG) or cyclohexanedione dioxime (CDO)] were prepared from 99Tc(dioxime)3(mu-OH)SnCl3 and characterized. The X-ray crystal structure of 99TcCl(DMG)3PITC was determined. The 99mTc complexes were prepared from 99mTcO4- in a process using a freeze-dried kit, either in a one-step procedure or via 99mTcCl(dioxime)3. Initial labeling studies with 99mTcCl(dioxime)3PITC were performed on glycine and polylysine and, subsequently, on mouse IgG and the B72.3 monoclonal antibody. Covalent attachment of 99mTcCl(DMG)3PITC to B72.3 was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. B72.3 labeled with 99mTcCl(DMG)3PITC displayed high binding to a TAG 72 affinity column and had a distribution in normal mice similar to that reported for iodine-labeled B72.3.

Elastic properties of distorted triangular lattice KNiCl3-family compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nishiwaki, Yoichi; Hasegawa, Takumi; Machida, Kenichi; Takeuchi, Yoshio

2006-01-01

In order to discuss the condensation of the K 4 -mode in KNiCl 3 -family compounds, the temperature dependences of the elastic compliances of KNiCl 3 , RbMnBr 3 , RbFeBr 3 , and RbCoBr 3 were measured. In each compound, the temperature dependence of the elastic compliances s 33 showed a sharp discontinuity at the point of structural phase transition from a prototype P6 3 /mmc structure. The structural phase transitions of the KNiCl 3 -family compounds are induced by the condensation of the K 4 -mode at the Brilluoin zone boundary in the P6 3 /mmc structure. When the K 4 -mode is regarded as an order parameter η, the Landau free energy includes coupling term η 2 T 3 , where T 3 is an external stress. The experimental results were interpreted satisfactorily on the basis of a phenomenological Landau theory. (author)

Two independent anion transport systems in rabbit mandibular salivary glands

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Novak, I; Young, J A

1986-01-01

Cholinergically stimulated Cl and HCO3 transport in perfused rabbit mandibular glands has been studied with extracellular anion substitution and administration of transport inhibitors. In glands perfused with HCO3-free solutions, replacement of Cl with other anions supported secretion in the foll......Cholinergically stimulated Cl and HCO3 transport in perfused rabbit mandibular glands has been studied with extracellular anion substitution and administration of transport inhibitors. In glands perfused with HCO3-free solutions, replacement of Cl with other anions supported secretion...... stimulated secretion by about 30%, but when infused in addition to furosemide (0.1 mmol/l), it inhibited by about 20%. Amiloride (1.0 mmol/l) caused no inhibition. The results suggest that there are at least three distinct carriers in the rabbit mandibular gland. One is a furosemide-sensitive Na-coupled Cl...

UVB shielding role of FeCl3 and certain cyanobacterial pigments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kumar, A.; Tyagi, M.B.; Srinivas, G.; Singh, N.; Kumar, H.D.; Sinha, R.P.; Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet, Erlangen; Haeder, D.P.

1996-01-01

The shielding role of ferric iron (FeCl 3 ) and certain cyanobacterial pigments (a brown-colored pigment from Scytonema hofmanii culture filtrate and a pink extract from Nostoc spongiaeforme) against UVB-induced damage in the filamentous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum has been demonstrated. Addition of these colored compounds to agarose gels (1-3 mm thick) resulted in a considerable decrease in UVB transmittance through the gels. The lowest UVB transmittance (15%) occurred through a 3 mm gel containing 0.01% FeCl 3 , followed by S. hofmanii culture filtrate (40%) and N. spongiaeforme extract (50%). These substances appear to act as very efficient UVB-absorbing screens. Percent survival and 14 CO 2 uptake of N. muscorum increased significantly if UVB exposure was given on gels containing FeCl 3 or other UVB-shielding substances. The highest protection of N. muscorum was recorded with FeCl 3 , followed by S. hofmanii culture filtrate and N. spongiaeforme extract. Such UV-shielding substances if present in required concentration range may enhance the survival of cyanobacteria exposed to high levels of UVB. (author)

Influence of Th(NO3)4, KCl and pH on the reduction of HgCl2 under X- and UV-radiations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prashad, Jagdish; Suri, Ranjana

2000-01-01

The yield of Hg 2 Cl 2 is maximum at relatively high pH, diminished progressively with decrease of pH and is completely inhibited beyond a critical pH. In the presence of Th(NO 3 ) 4 , slight reduction is observed. The results are explicable by assuming the existence of hydrated molecular ion H 2 + (hydr.). (author)

Primary photodissociation pathways of epichlorohydrin and analysis of the C-C bond fission channels from an O(3P)+allyl radical intermediate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

FitzPatrick, Benjamin L.; Alligood, Bridget W.; Butler, Laurie J.; Lee, Shih-Huang; Lin, Jim Jr-Min

2010-01-01

This study initially characterizes the primary photodissociation processes of epichlorohydrin, c-(H 2 COCH)CH 2 Cl. The three dominant photoproduct channels analyzed are c-(H 2 COCH)CH 2 +Cl, c-(H 2 COCH)+CH 2 Cl, and C 3 H 4 O+HCl. In the second channel, the c-(H 2 COCH) photofission product is a higher energy intermediate on C 2 H 3 O global potential energy surface and has a small isomerization barrier to vinoxy. The resulting highly vibrationally excited vinoxy radicals likely dissociate to give the observed signal at the mass corresponding to ketene, H 2 CCO. The final primary photodissociation pathway HCl+C 3 H 4 O evidences a recoil kinetic energy distribution similar to that of four-center HCl elimination in chlorinated alkenes, so is assigned to production of c-(H 2 COC)=CH 2 ; the epoxide product is formed with enough vibrational energy to isomerize to acrolein and dissociate. The paper then analyzes the dynamics of the C 3 H 5 O radical produced from C-Cl bond photofission. When the epoxide radical photoproduct undergoes facile ring opening, it is the radical intermediate formed in the O( 3 P)+allyl bimolecular reaction when the O atom adds to an end C atom. We focus on the HCO+C 2 H 4 and H 2 CO+C 2 H 3 product channels from this radical intermediate in this report. Analysis of the velocity distribution of the momentum-matched signals from the HCO+C 2 H 4 products at m/e=29 and 28 shows that the dissociation of the radical intermediate imparts a high relative kinetic energy, peaking near 20 kcal/mol, between the products. Similarly, the energy imparted to relative kinetic energy in the H 2 CO+C 2 H 3 product channel of the O( 3 P)+allyl radical intermediate also peaks at high-recoil kinetic energies, near 18 kcal/mol. The strongly forward-backward peaked angular distributions and the high kinetic energy release result from tangential recoil during the dissociation of highly rotationally excited nascent radicals formed photolytically in this experiment

Primary photodissociation pathways of epichlorohydrin and analysis of the C-C bond fission channels from an O(3P)+allyl radical intermediate

Science.gov (United States)

FitzPatrick, Benjamin L.; Alligood, Bridget W.; Butler, Laurie J.; Lee, Shih-Huang; Lin, Jim-Min, Jr.

2010-09-01

This study initially characterizes the primary photodissociation processes of epichlorohydrin, c-(H2COCH)CH2Cl. The three dominant photoproduct channels analyzed are c-(H2COCH)CH2+Cl, c-(H2COCH)+CH2Cl, and C3H4O+HCl. In the second channel, the c-(H2COCH) photofission product is a higher energy intermediate on C2H3O global potential energy surface and has a small isomerization barrier to vinoxy. The resulting highly vibrationally excited vinoxy radicals likely dissociate to give the observed signal at the mass corresponding to ketene, H2CCO. The final primary photodissociation pathway HCl+C3H4O evidences a recoil kinetic energy distribution similar to that of four-center HCl elimination in chlorinated alkenes, so is assigned to production of c-(H2COC)=CH2; the epoxide product is formed with enough vibrational energy to isomerize to acrolein and dissociate. The paper then analyzes the dynamics of the C3H5O radical produced from C-Cl bond photofission. When the epoxide radical photoproduct undergoes facile ring opening, it is the radical intermediate formed in the O(P3)+allyl bimolecular reaction when the O atom adds to an end C atom. We focus on the HCO+C2H4 and H2CO+C2H3 product channels from this radical intermediate in this report. Analysis of the velocity distribution of the momentum-matched signals from the HCO+C2H4 products at m/e=29 and 28 shows that the dissociation of the radical intermediate imparts a high relative kinetic energy, peaking near 20 kcal/mol, between the products. Similarly, the energy imparted to relative kinetic energy in the H2CO+C2H3 product channel of the O(P3)+allyl radical intermediate also peaks at high-recoil kinetic energies, near 18 kcal/mol. The strongly forward-backward peaked angular distributions and the high kinetic energy release result from tangential recoil during the dissociation of highly rotationally excited nascent radicals formed photolytically in this experiment. The data also reveal substantial branching to an HCCH+H3

Crystal structure and phase transitions in perovskite-like C(NH2)3SnCl3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Szafranski, Marek; Stahl, Kenny

2007-01-01

X-ray single-crystal diffraction, high-temperature powder diffraction and differential thermal analysis at ambient and high pressure have been employed to study the crystal structure and phase transitions of guanidinium trichlorostannate, C(NH 2 ) 3 SnCl 3 . At 295 K the crystal structure is orthorhombic, space group Pbca, Z=8, a=7.7506(2) A, b=12.0958(4) A and c=17.8049(6) A, solved from single-crystal data. It is perovskite-like with distorted corner-linked SnCl 6 octahedra and with ordered guanidinium cations in the distorted cuboctahedral voids. At 400 K the structure shows a first-order order-disorder phase transition. The space group is changed to Pnma with Z=4, a=12.1552(2) A, b=8.8590(2) A and c=8.0175(1) A, solved from powder diffraction data and showing disordering of the guanidinium cations. At 419 K, the structure shows yet another first-order order-disorder transformation with disordering of the SnCl 3 - part. The space group symmetry is maintained as Pnma, with a=12.1786(2) A, b=8.8642(2) A and c=8.0821(2) A. The thermodynamic parameters of these transitions and the p-T phase diagram have been determined and described. - Graphical abstract: The perovskite-like crystals of C(NH 2 ) 3 SnCl 3 undergo two successive first-order phase transitions at 400 and 419 K, both accompanied by an essential order-disorder contribution. The p-T phase diagram exhibits a singular point at 219 MPa and 443 K

Fractalkine (CX3CL1, a new factor protecting β-cells against TNFα

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sabine Rutti

2014-10-01

Conclusions: We demonstrate for the first time that human islets express and secrete CX3CL1 and CX3CL1 impacts them by decreasing glucagon secretion without affecting insulin secretion. Moreover, CX3CL1 decreases basal apoptosis of human β-cells. We further demonstrate that CX3CL1 protects β-cells from the adverse effects of TNFα on their function by restoring the expression and phosphorylation of key proteins of the insulin secretion pathway.

Infrared absorption of CH{sub 3}OSO and CD{sub 3}OSO radicals produced upon photolysis of CH{sub 3}OS(O)Cl and CD{sub 3}OS(O)Cl in p-H{sub 2} matrices

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Yu-Fang; Kong, Lin-Jun [Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan (China); Lee, Yuan-Pern [Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan (China); Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (China)

2012-03-28

Irradiation at 239 {+-} 20 nm of a p-H{sub 2} matrix containing methoxysulfinyl chloride, CH{sub 3}OS(O)Cl, at 3.2 K with filtered light from a medium-pressure mercury lamp produced infrared (IR) absorption lines at 3028.4 (attributable to {nu}{sub 1}, CH{sub 2} antisymmetric stretching), 2999.5 ({nu}{sub 2}, CH{sub 3} antisymmetric stretching), 2950.4 ({nu}{sub 3}, CH{sub 3} symmetric stretching), 1465.2 ({nu}{sub 4}, CH{sub 2} scissoring), 1452.0 ({nu}{sub 5}, CH{sub 3} deformation), 1417.8 ({nu}{sub 6}, CH{sub 3} umbrella), 1165.2 ({nu}{sub 7}, CH{sub 3} wagging), 1152.1 ({nu}{sub 8}, S=O stretching mixed with CH{sub 3} rocking), 1147.8 ({nu}{sub 9}, S=O stretching mixed with CH{sub 3} wagging), 989.7 ({nu}{sub 10}, C-O stretching), and 714.5 cm{sup -1} ({nu}{sub 11}, S-O stretching) modes of syn-CH{sub 3}OSO. When CD{sub 3}OS(O)Cl in a p-H{sub 2} matrix was used, lines at 2275.9 ({nu}{sub 1}), 2251.9 ({nu}{sub 2}), 2083.3 ({nu}{sub 3}), 1070.3 ({nu}{sub 4}), 1056.0 ({nu}{sub 5}), 1085.5 ({nu}{sub 6}), 1159.7 ({nu}{sub 7}), 920.1 ({nu}{sub 8}), 889.0 ({nu}{sub 9}), 976.9 ({nu}{sub 10}), and 688.9 ({nu}{sub 11}) cm{sup -1} appeared and are assigned to syn-CD{sub 3}OSO; the mode numbers correspond to those used for syn-CH{sub 3}OSO. The assignments are based on the photolytic behavior and a comparison of observed vibrational wavenumbers, infrared intensities, and deuterium isotopic shifts with those predicted with the B3P86/aug-cc-pVTZ method. Our results extend the previously reported four transient IR absorption bands of gaseous syn-CH{sub 3}OSO near 2991, 2956, 1152, and 994 cm{sup -1} to 11 lines, including those associated with C-O, O-S, and S=O stretching modes. Vibrational wavenumbers of syn-CD{sub 3}OSO are new. These results demonstrate the advantage of a diminished cage effect of solid p-H{sub 2} such that the Cl atom, produced via UV photodissociation of CH{sub 3}OS(O)Cl in situ, might escape from the original cage to yield isolated CH{sub 3}OSO

Inland Concentrations of Cl2 and ClNO2 in Southeast Texas Suggest Chlorine Chemistry Significantly Contributes to Atmospheric Reactivity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cameron B. Faxon

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Measurements of molecular chlorine (Cl2, nitryl chloride (ClNO2, and dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5 were taken as part of the DISCOVER-AQ Texas 2013 campaign with a High Resolution Time-of-Flight Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-CIMS using iodide (I- as a reagent ion. ClNO2 concentrations exceeding 50 ppt were regularly detected with peak concentrations typically occurring between 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 am. Hourly averaged Cl2 concentrations peaked daily between 3:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m., with a 29-day average of 0.9 ± 0.3 (1σ ppt. A day-time Cl2 source of up to 35 ppt∙h−1 is required to explain these observations, corresponding to a maximum chlorine radical (Cl• production rate of 70 ppt∙h−1. Modeling of the Cl2 source suggests that it can enhance daily maximum O3 and RO2• concentrations by 8%–10% and 28%–50%, respectively. Modeling of observed ClNO2 assuming a well-mixed nocturnal boundary layer indicates O3 and RO2• enhancements of up to 2.1% and 38%, respectively, with a maximum impact in the early morning. These enhancements affect the formation of secondary organic aerosol and compliance with air quality standards for ozone and particulate matter.

Neutron scattering experiments on well-staged graphite - FeCl3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Axe, J.D.; Majkrzak, C.F.; Passell, L.; Satija, S.K.; Dresselhaus, G.; Mazurek, H.

1981-01-01

This paper reports results of a neutron diffraction study on both the magnetic and the lattice dynamic structure of graphite-FeCl 3 . The FeCl 3 system was selected for this study because of the interesting magnetic properties previously reported for this system. Of particular interest is the low temperature magnetic phase transition, which has been shown to be stage dependent. Special emphasis was given to the study of the low temperature magnetic state of the Fe 3+ spins and to the longitudinal phonon modes for k/sub z/ axis acoustic branches. All experiments reported here were carried out on a stage 2 sample of graphite-FeCl 3 . The sample was prepared by a two-zone vapor growth technique and was characterized by (00l) x-ray and neutron diffraction patterns to be > 95% stage 2, with only minor inclusions of other stages

Observations of ClNO2 and PANs in a mid-continental urban environment

Science.gov (United States)

Furgeson, A.; Mielke, L.; Osthoff, H. D.

2010-12-01

Nitrogen oxides play many important roles in regional air quality, for example, through the catalytic photochemical production of O3 involving NOx (=NO+NO2), which in urban environments is primarily of anthropogenic origin. NOx can be converted to reservoir species, such as peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs), or removed from the atmosphere, mainly by conversion to HNO3, which is removed predominantly through heterogeneous uptake and dry deposition. The main HNO3 production pathways are reaction of NO2 with OH during the day and heterogeneous reactions involving N2O5 at night. It has been known for some time that heterogeneous N2O5 hydrolysis (i.e., N2O5 + H2O → 2HNO3) competes with ClNO2 formation (i.e., N2O5 + Cl- → ClNO2 + NO3-) on chloride containing aerosol, but the latter reaction is believed to be only of significance in marine and coastal environments. Formation of ClNO2 is significant as it reduces the rate of nocturnal NOx removal and activates chlorine by releasing highly reactive Cl atoms following ClNO2 photolysis after sunrise. Recent field measurements by Thornton and coworkers have shown the efficient formation of ClNO2 in mid-continental air at a distance greater than 1,000 km from the nearest coastline. In this presentation, measurements of peroxyacyl nitrates and ClNO2 by chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) on the rooftop of a 6-story building in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, are described. The CIMS was operated in negative ion mode and equipped with a heated inlet to dissociate PANs to NO2 and the corresponding PA radicals, which are converted to the respective carboxylate anions using iodide reagent ion. ClNO2 was monitored as the cluster ion (ClNO2)I- at m/z 208 and 210. The CIMS was calibrated for peroxyacyl nitrates using a newly developed photolysis source, which was also used to deliver an internal standard during the measurement intensive. Measurements took place during spring and fall of 2010. During spring, we observed in excess of 200

Crystallographic Investigations into Properties of Acentric Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystals NH(CH3)3SnX3(X = Cl, Br)

KAUST Repository

Dang, Yangyang; Zhong, Cheng; Zhang, Guodong; Ju, Dianxing; Wang, Lei; Xia, Shengqing; Xia, Haibing; Tao, Xutang

2016-01-01

substitute for the lead in the halides perovskites and solving the ambiguous crystal structures and phase transition of NH(CH3)3SnX3 (X = Cl, Br). Here, we report the bulk crystal growths and different crystal morphologies of orthorhombic hybrid perovskites

Tetraammineplatinum(II) aquapentachloroiridate(III) dihydrate, [Pt(NH3)4][IrCl5(H2O)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garnier, E.; Bele, M.

1994-01-01

The crystal is built up from planar Pt(NH 3 ) 4 2+ cations, octahedral IrCl 5 (H 2 O) 2- anions and two H 2 O molecules. The coordination of these ions is 6/6, thus leading to a NaCl crystal structure. Electrostatic interactions and N..Cl, N..O and N..N short contacts (possible hydrogen bonds) take part in the packing of the structure and form a three-dimensional network. (orig.)

Apparent molar volumes for dilute solutions of NaClO4 and [Co(en) 3](ClO4)3 in D2O and H2O at 278-318 K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bottomley, G.A.; Glossop, L.G.

1981-01-01

Apparent molar volumes for dilute solutions of NaClO 4 and [Co(en) 3 ](ClO 4 ) 3 in D 2 O and H 2 O were measured by using a dilatometry technique at 278, 298 and 318K. Comparison of limiting slopes with the Debye-Huckel predictions from the dielectric constant and compressibility of H 2 O and D 2 O is complicated by ion pairing. The apparent molar volumes for NaClO 4 were less in D 2 O than in H 2 O. The complex [Co(en) 3 ](ClO 4 ) 3 when studied in D 2 O had its amine protons exchanged by deuterium; this did not allow a direct comparison of the apparent molar volumes of the protonated complex in each solvent system, but revealed a large isotope effect. The apparent molar volumes of the [Co(en) 3 ](ClO 4 ) 3 showed a much larger temperature dependence than that of NaClO 4

Synthesis and characterization of technetium(III) complexes containing 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline. X-ray crystal structures of cis (Cl),trans(P)-[TcCl2(P(CH3)2C6H5)2(bpy)]B(C6H5)4, cis (Cl),trans(P)-[TcCl2(P(CH3)2C6H5)2(phen)]B(C6H5)4, and cis (Cl),trans(P)-[TcCl2(P(CH3CH2)(C6H5)2)2(bpy)]SO3CF3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilcox, B.E.; Ho, D.M.; Deutsch, E.

1989-01-01

Technetium(III) complexes of the general formula cis(Cl),trans(P)-[TcCl 2 (P) 2 L] + , where (P) is dimethylphenylphosphine (PMe 2 Ph) or ethyldiphenylphosphine (PEtPh 2 ) and L is 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (Me 2 bpy), or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), have been synthesized and characterized. They are prepared by L substitution onto, with concomitant displacement of one chloride and one phosphine ligand from, the mer-TcCl 3 (P) 3 starting material in refluxing ethanol. Analysis of these complexes by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (in the positive ion mode) provides fingerprint mass spectra that exhibit peaks assigned to the molecular ion M + as well as peaks assigned to M + minus one or more monodentate ligands. Results of single-crystal x-ray structure determinations of cis(Cl),trans(P)-[TcCl 2 (PMe 2 Ph) 2 (bpy)]BPh 4 (A), cis(Cl),trans(P)-[TcCl 2- (PMe 2 Ph) 2 (phen)]BPh 4 (B), and cis(Cl),trans(P)-[TcCl 2 (PEtPh 2 ) 2 (bpy)]SO 3 CF 3 (C), with formula weights of 921.62, 945.64, and 903.65, respectively are reported. 26 refs., 5 figs., 5 tabs

CX3CL1/CX3CR1 and CCL2/CCR2 Chemokine/Chemokine Receptor Complex in Patients with AMD

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Falk, Mads Krüger; Singh, Amardeep; Faber, Carsten

2014-01-01

PURPOSE: The chemokine receptors CX3CR1 and CCR2 have been implicated in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The evidence is mainly derived from experimental cell studies and murine models of AMD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between expression...... of CX3CR1 and CCR2 on different leukocyte subsets and AMD. Furthermore we measured the plasma levels of ligands CX3CL1 and CCL2. METHODS: Patients attending our department were asked to participate in the study. The diagnosis of AMD was based on clinical examination and multimodal imaging techniques...... positive correlation between CCR2 and CX3CR1 expression on CD8+ cells (r = 0.727, p = 0.0001). We found no difference in plasma levels of CX3CL1 and CCL2 among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a down regulation of CX3CR1 on CD8+ cells; this correlated to a low expression of CCR2 on CD8+ cells...

Phase Engineering of Perovskite Materials for High-Efficiency Solar Cells: Rapid Conversion of CH3NH3PbI3 to Phase-Pure CH3NH3PbCl3 via Hydrochloric Acid Vapor Annealing Post-Treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Weiran; Zhou, Pengcheng; Lei, Xunyong; Fang, Zhimin; Zhang, Mengmeng; Liu, Qing; Chen, Tao; Zeng, Hualing; Ding, Liming; Zhu, Jun; Dai, Songyuan; Yang, Shangfeng

2018-01-17

Organometal halide CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPbI 3 ) has been commonly used as the light absorber layer of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and, especially, another halide element chlorine (Cl) has been often incorporated to assist the crystallization of perovskite film. However, in most cases, a predominant MAPbI 3 phase with trace of Cl - is obtained ultimately and the role of Cl involvement remains unclear. Herein, we develop a low-cost and facile method, named hydrochloric acid vapor annealing (HAVA) post-treatment, and realize a rapid conversion of MAPbI 3 to phase-pure MAPbCl 3 , demonstrating a new concept of phase engineering of perovskite materials toward efficiency enhancement of PSCs for the first time. The average grain size of perovskite film after HAVA post-treatment increases remarkably through an Ostwald ripening process, leading to a denser and smoother perovskite film with reduced trap states and enhanced crystallinity. More importantly, the generation of MAPbCl 3 secondary phase via phase engineering is beneficial for improving the carrier mobility with a more balanced carrier transport rate and enlarging the band gap of perovskite film along with optimized energy level alignment. As a result, under the optimized HAVA post-treatment time (2 min), we achieved a significant enhancement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the MAPbI 3 -based planar heterojunction-PSC device from 14.02 to 17.40% (the highest PCE reaches 18.45%) with greatly suppressed hysteresis of the current-voltage response.

Crystal structure, vibrational spectra, optical and DFT studies of bis (3-azaniumylpropyl) azanium pentachloroantimonate (III) chloride monohydrate (C6H20N3)SbCl5·Cl·H2O

Science.gov (United States)

Ahmed, Houssem Eddine; Kamoun, Slaheddine

2017-09-01

The crystal structure of (C6H20N3)SbCl5·Cl·H2O is built up of [NH3(CH2)3NH2(CH2)3NH3]3 + cations, [SbCl5]2 - anions, free Cl- anions and neutral water molecules connected together by Nsbnd H ⋯ Cl, Nsbnd H ⋯ O and Osbnd H ⋯ Cl hydrogen bonds. The optical band gap determined by diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS) is 3.78 eV for a direct allowed transition. Optimized molecular geometry, atomic Mulliken charges, harmonic vibrational frequencies, HOMO-LUMO and related molecular properties of the (C6H20N3)SbCl5·Cl·H2O compound were calculated by Density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP method with GenECP sets. The calculated structural parameters (bond lengths and angles) are in good agreement with the experimental XRD data. The vibrational unscaled wavenumbers were calculated and scaled by a proper scaling factor of 0.984. Acceptable consistency was observed between calculated and experimental results. The assignments of wavenumbers were made on the basis of potential energy distribution (PED) using Vibrational Energy Distribution Analysis (VEDA) software. The HOMO-LUMO study was extended to calculate various molecular parameters like ionization potential, electron affinity, global hardness, electro-chemical potential, electronegativity and global electrophilicity of the given molecule.

Electronic structure and magnetic ordering of the semiconducting chromium trihalides CrCl3, CrBr3, and CrI3

KAUST Repository

Wang, Hao; Eyert, Volker; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo

2011-01-01

for CrBr3 as well as CrI3. The antiferromagnetic state of CrCl3 can be reproduced by introducing an on-site electron-electron repulsion. However, we observe that the ground state depends critically on the specific approach used. Our results show that a

Intense upconversion luminescence and effect of local environment for Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped novel TeO2-BiCl3 glass system.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Guonian; Dai, Shixun; Zhang, Junjie; Wen, Lei; Yang, Jianhu; Jiang, Zhonghong

2006-05-15

We present the results of a study that uses theoretical and experimental methods to investigate the characteristics of the upconversion luminescence of Tm3+/Yb3+ codoped TeO2-BiCl3 glass system as a function of the BiCl3 fraction. These glasses are potentially important in the design of upconversion fiber lasers. Effect of local environment around Tm3+ on upconversion fluorescence intensity was analyzed by theoretical calculations. The structure and spectroscopic properties were investigated in the experiments by measuring the Raman spectra, IR transmission spectra, and absorption and fluorescence intensities at room temperature. The results indicate that blue luminescence quantum efficiency increases with increasing BiCl3 content from 10 to 60 mol%, which were interpreted by the increase of asymmetry of glass structure, decrease of phonon energy and removing of OH- groups.

The system HoCl3-YCl3-H2O (25 deg C)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sorokina, A.A.; Yudina, N.G.

1981-01-01

By solubility method the system HoCl 3 -YCl 3 -H 2 O at 25 deg C has been studied. It is shown that in this system the continuous serie of solid solutions is formed. The liquid solutions of this system have been investigated by the isopiestic method. The values of activity coefficients, activity, free energy formation and excess free energy of solid solutions are calculated [ru

3-Amino-1,2,4-triazolium ion in [24(3at)]Cl and [24(3at)]2SnCl6·H2O. Comparative X-ray, vibrational and theoretical studies

Science.gov (United States)

Daszkiewicz, Marek; Marchewka, Mariusz K.

2012-09-01

Crystal structures of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazolium chloride and bis(3-amino-1,2,4-triazolium) hexachloridostannate monohydrate were determined by means of X-ray single crystal diffraction. The route of protonation of organic molecule and tautomer equilibrium constants for the cationic forms were calculated using B3LYP/6-31G* method. The most stable protonated species is 2,4-H2-3-amino-1,2,4-triazolium ion, 24(3at)+. Very good agreement between theoretical and experimental frequencies was achieved due to very weak interactions existing in studied compounds. Significantly weaker intermolecular interactions are found in [24(3at)]2SnCl6·H2O than in [24(3at)]Cl. The differences in strength of interactions are manifested in red and blue shifts for stretching and bending motions, respectively. PED calculations show that for 24(3at)+ ion the stretching type of motion of two Nringsbnd H bonds is independent, whereas bending is coupled.

Decisive Intermediates Responsible for the Carbonaceous Products of CO₂ Electro-reduction on Nitrogen-Doped sp² Nanocarbon Catalysts in NaHCO₃ Aqueous Electrolyte

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Xu, Junyuan; Zhang, Bingsen; Wang, Bolun

2017-01-01

CO2 and a secondary pathway leading to HCO2− from HCO3−. Neither hydrocarbon (CxHy) nor alcohol or aldehyde (CxHyOz) were detected in the reduction of CO2. However, CO, which is generally regarded as an intermediate to be transformed into these products on metal catalysts, can undoubtedly be produced...

Cyclic voltammetric study of the reduction of U(III) to uranium metal in molten LiCl-NaCl-CaCl2-BaCl2-UCl3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Poa, D.S.; Tomczuk, Z.; Steunenberg, R.K.

1986-01-01

Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the electrochemistry of the reduction of UCl 3 to uranium metal in molten LiCl-NaCl-CaCl 2 -BaCl 2 (49.7-8.0-26.5-15.8 mol %) containing dissolved UCl 3 . The purpose of the study was to obtain information on the kinetics of the reaction, which will be used in the design of electrorefining equipment for the reprocessing of core and blanket fuel discharged from the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR). The electrorefining operation employs the above salt as the electrolyte and a liquid cadmium pool as the anode

ClC-3 deficiency protects preadipocytes against apoptosis induced by palmitate in vitro and in type 2 diabetes mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Yun-Ying; Huang, Xiong-Qin; Zhao, Li-Yan; Sun, Fang-Yun; Chen, Wen-Liang; Du, Jie-Yi; Yuan, Feng; Li, Jie; Huang, Xue-Lian; Liu, Jie; Lv, Xiao-Fei; Guan, Yong-Yuan; Chen, Jian-Wen; Wang, Guan-Lei

2014-11-01

Palmitate, a common saturated free fatty acid (FFA), has been demonstrated to induce preadipocyte apoptosis in the absence of adipogenic stimuli, suggesting that preadipocytes may be prone to apoptosis under adipogenic insufficient conditions, like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ClC-3, encoding Cl(-) channel or Cl(-)/H(+) antiporter, is critical for cell fate choices of proliferation versus apoptosis under diseased conditions. However, it is unknown whether ClC-3 is related with preadipocyte apoptosis induced by palmitate or T2DM. Palmitate, but not oleate, induced apoptosis and increase in ClC-3 protein expression and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. ClC-3 specific siRNA attenuated palmitate-induced apoptosis and increased protein levels of Grp78, ATF4, CHOP and phosphorylation of JNK1/2, whereas had no effects on increased phospho-PERK and phospho-eIF2α protein expression. Moreover, the enhanced apoptosis was shown in preadipocytes from high-sucrose/fat, low-dose STZ induced T2DM mouse model with hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia (elevated serum TG and FFA levels) and insulin resistance. ClC-3 knockout significantly attenuated preadipocyte apoptosis and the above metabolic disorders in T2DM mice. These data demonstrated that ClC-3 deficiency prevent preadipocytes against palmitate-induced apoptosis via suppressing ER stress, and also suggested that ClC-3 may play a role in regulating cellular apoptosis and disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism during T2DM.

Apparent molar heat capacities and apparent molar volumes of Pr(ClO4)3(aq), Gd(ClO4)3(aq), Ho(ClO4)3(aq), and Tm(ClO4)3(aq) at T=(288.15, 298.15, 313.15, and 328.15) K and p=0.1 MPa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hakin, Andrew W.; Lian Liu, Jin; Erickson, Kristy; Munoz, Julie-Vanessa

2004-01-01

Acidified aqueous solutions of Pr(ClO 4 ) 3 (aq), Gd(ClO 4 ) 3 (aq), Ho(ClO 4 ) 3 (aq), and Tm(ClO 4 ) 3 (aq) were prepared from the corresponding oxides by dissolution in dilute perchloric acid. Once characterized with respect to trivalent metal cation and acid content, the relative densities of the solutions were measured at T=(288.15, 298.15, 313.15, and 328.15) K and p=0.1 MPa using a Sodev O2D vibrating tube densimeter. The relative massic heat capacities of the aqueous systems were also determined, under the same temperature and pressure conditions, using a Picker Flow Microcalorimeter. All measurements were made on solutions containing rare earth salt in the concentration range 0.01 ≤ m/(mol · kg -1 ) ≤ 0.2. Relative densities and relative massic heat capacities were used to calculate the apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities of the acidified salt solutions from which the apparent molar properties of the aqueous salt solutions were extracted by the application of Young's Rule. The concentration dependences of the isothermal apparent molar volumes and heat capacities of each aqueous salt solution were modelled using Pitzer ion-interaction equations. These models produced estimates of apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities at infinite dilution for each set of isothermal V phi,2 and C pphi,2 values. In addition, the temperature and concentration dependences of the apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities of the aqueous rare earth perchlorate salt solutions were modelled using modified Pitzer ion-interaction equations. The latter equations utilized the Helgeson, Kirkham, and Flowers equations of state to model the temperature dependences (at p=0.1 MPa) of apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities at infinite dilution. The results of the latter models were compared to those previously published in the literature. Apparent molar volumes and apparent heat capacities at infinite dilution

Thermodynamic study on co-deposition of ZrB2–SiC from ZrCl4–BCl3–CH3SiCl3–H2–Ar system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deng, Juanli; Cheng, Laifei; Zheng, Guopeng; Su, Kehe; Zhang, Litong

2012-01-01

Thermodynamics phase diagram of ZrB 2 –SiC co-deposited from precursors of ZrCl 4 –BCl 3 –CH 3 SiCl 3 (methyltrichlorosilane, MTS)–H 2 –Ar has been investigated in detail by using the FactSage code and its embedded database (130 species being involved). The yields of condensed phases in the co-deposition process have been examined as the functions of the inject reactant ratios of BCl 3 / (BCl 3 + MTS) and H 2 / (ZrCl 4 + BCl 3 + MTS), and the temperature at a fixed pressure of 5 kPa. The results show that their yields strongly depend on the molar ratios of the inject reactants and the temperature. Consequently, the pure ZrB 2 –SiC composite without free C, B 4 C, ZrC and ZrSi can be co-deposited under the ideal condition by adjusting the reactant ratios and the temperature. The gas-phase equilibrium concentration distribution shows that the high input amount of H 2 is favorable for the co-deposition of ZrB 2 and SiC at a fixed ratio of ZrCl 4 :BCl 3 :MTS:Ar. In the end, the theoretical results can lay down guidelines for increasing the experimental yields of ZrB 2 and SiC. - Highlights: ► The exact ratio of ZrB 2 and SiC could be obtained by adjusting input gas ratios. ► The other condensed phase species could appear under some suitable conditions ► The H 2 acting as reaction species directly influences the deposition process. ► The high H 2 input amount is favorable for the co-deposition of ZrB 2 and SiC. ► The flow rate range of the H 2 pump should be increased in the experimental study.

A High Resolution Phoswich Detector: LaBr3(Ce) Coupled With LaCl3(Ce)

Science.gov (United States)

Carmona-Gallardo, M.; Borge, M. J. G.; Briz, J. A.; Gugliermina, V.; Perea, A.; Tengblad, O.; Turrión, M.

2010-04-01

An innovative solution for the forward end-cap CALIFA calorimeter of R3B is under investigation consisting of two scintillation crystals, LaBr3 and LaCl3, stacked together in a phoswich configuration with one readout only. This dispositive should be capable of a good determination of the energy of protons and gamma radiation. This composite detector allows to deduce the initial energy of charged particles by ΔE1+ΔE2 identification. For gammas, the simulations show that there is a high probability that the first interaction occurs inside the scintillator at few centimeters, with a second layer, the rest of the energy is absorbed, or it can be used as veto event in case of no deposition in the first layer. One such a detector has been tested at the Centro de MicroAnálisis de Materiales (CMAM) in Madrid. Good resolution and time signal separation have been achieved.

CX3CR1 is expressed by human B lymphocytes and mediates [corrected] CX3CL1 driven chemotaxis of tonsil centrocytes.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Corcione

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Fractalkine/CX(3CL1, a surface chemokine, binds to CX(3CR1 expressed by different lymphocyte subsets. Since CX(3CL1 has been detected in the germinal centres of secondary lymphoid tissue, in this study we have investigated CX(3CR1 expression and function in human naïve, germinal centre and memory B cells isolated from tonsil or peripheral blood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We demonstrate unambiguously that highly purified human B cells from tonsil and peripheral blood expressed CX(3CR1 at mRNA and protein levels as assessed by quantitative PCR, flow cytometry and competition binding assays. In particular, naïve, germinal centre and memory B cells expressed CX(3CR1 but only germinal centre B cells were attracted by soluble CX(3CL1 in a transwell assay. CX(3CL1 signalling in germinal centre B cells involved PI3K, Erk1/2, p38, and Src phosphorylation, as assessed by Western blot experiments. CX(3CR1(+ germinal centre B cells were devoid of centroblasts and enriched for centrocytes that migrated to soluble CX(3CL1. ELISA assay showed that soluble CX(3CL1 was secreted constitutively by follicular dendritic cells and T follicular helper cells, two cell populations homing in the germinal centre light zone as centrocytes. At variance with that observed in humans, soluble CX(3CL1 did not attract spleen B cells from wild type mice. OVA immunized CX(3CR1(-/- or CX(3CL1(-/- mice showed significantly decreased specific IgG production compared to wild type mice. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: We propose a model whereby human follicular dendritic cells and T follicular helper cells release in the light zone of germinal centre soluble CX(3CL1 that attracts centrocytes. The functional implications of these results warrant further investigation.

Prism inside. Spectroscopic and magnetic properties of the lanthanide(III) chloride oxidotungstates(VI) Ln{sub 3}Cl{sub 3}[WO{sub 6}] (Ln = La - Nd, Sm - Tb)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dorn, Katharina V.; Blaschkowski, Bjoern; Hartenbach, Ingo [Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart (Germany); Foerg, Katharina; Netzsch, Philip; Hoeppe, Henning A. [Institute for Physics, University of Augsburg (Germany)

2017-11-17

The lanthanide(III) chloride oxidotungstates(VI) with the formula Ln{sub 3}Cl{sub 3}[WO{sub 6}] for Ln = La - Nd, Sm - Tb were synthesized by solid-state reactions utilizing the respective lanthanide trichloride, lanthanide sesquioxide (where available), and tungsten trioxide together with lithium chloride as flux. The title compounds crystallize hexagonally in space group P6{sub 3}/m (no. 176, a = 941-909, c = 543-525 pm, Z = 2). The structures comprise crystallographically unique Ln{sup 3+} cations surrounded by six O{sup 2-} and four Cl{sup -} anions (C.N. = 10) forming distorted tetracapped trigonal prisms as well as rather uncommon trigonal prismatic [WO{sub 6}]{sup 6-} units, whose edges are coordinated by nine Ln{sup 3+} cations. Thus, a {sup 3}{sub ∞}{([WO_6]Ln"e_9_/_3)"3"+} framework (e = edge-sharing) is created, which contains tube-shaped channels along [001] lined with chloride anions. To elucidate the spectroscopic and magnetic properties of the obtained pure phase samples, single-crystal Raman (for Ln = La - Nd, Sm-Tb), diffuse reflectance (for Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Gd), and luminescence spectroscopy (for bulk Ln{sub 3}Cl{sub 3}[WO{sub 6}] (Ln = La, Eu, Gd, Tb) and Eu{sup 3+}- or Tb{sup 3+}-doped derivatives of La{sub 3}Cl{sub 3}[WO{sub 6}] and Gd{sub 3}Cl{sub 3}[WO{sub 6}], respectively) were performed and their temperature-dependent magnetic moments (for Ln = Pr, Nd, Gd) were determined. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Hydrochemistry in the Tropical Forested River: A Case Study in Nee Soon Catchment Streams

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, T. C. T.; WIN, S. H.; Lim, M. H.; Pai, K.; Khairun Nisha, B. M. R.; Ziegler, A. D.; Wasson, R.; Cantarero, S. I.

2016-12-01

A total of 779 water samples from the Nee Soon Nature Reserve, a 5km2 catchment in humid tropical Singapore, were collected in low-flow (May 2014 to Nov 2015) and high-flow (May 2014 to June 2015) conditions for determination of spatial and temporal distributions of major ions (Na+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, HCO3-, NO3-, SO42- and F-) in the streams. In low-flow conditions all cations and Cl-, HCO3-, SO42- showed significant enrichment in the lower compared to the upper catchment, whereas, NO3- and F- had the opposite pattern. In high-flow conditions, the spatial distribution patterns of the ions was largely unchanged across the catchment except that F- was enriched in the lower compared to the upper catchment. Except for Cl-, HCO3- and NO3-, all other ions were higher in storm periods. Among possible sources (atmospheric input, anthropogenic impact and rock weathering), rainfall played an important role in controlling river Cl- and Na+; silicate rock weathering was possibly the source for Ca2+,Mg2+, HCO3- and some of the Na+; all of the SO42- probably comes from pollution by anthropogenic activities. This study provides new data and insights for the understudied South East Asia region.

Thermal engineering of lead-free nanostructured CH3NH3SnCl3 perovskite material for thin-film solar cell

Science.gov (United States)

Moyez, Sk Abdul; Roy, Subhasis

2018-01-01

Perovskite solar cell is a kind of revolutionary investigation in the field of renewable energy which is capable of mitigates the deficiencies of silicon solar cell and its uprising efficiency can bring blessing to society. The presence of lead (Pb) in perovskite solar cell can make worst and negative impact on environment and is not desirable for our society. In this paper, general plans are anticipated by replacement of Pb with tin (Sn) in open atmosphere to fabricate the CH3NH3SnCl3 photovoltaic cells in chlorine (Cl)-rich environment. Excess uses of Cl has positive influences on morphological growth of the film and it also suppresses the oxidation tendency of tin (Sn) with existing oxygen in atmosphere and maintains same chemical atmosphere as bulk. Various characterization tools like X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) have been used to study the effect of annealing temperature on crystal stricture, phase formation, impurities, and morphologies of the film. Finally, photovoltaic performance was reported using the solar simulator under 1.5 sun illumination.

Excitation function measurements of sup 4 sup 0 Ar(p,3n) sup 3 sup 8 K, sup 4 sup 0 Ar(p,2pn) sup 3 sup 8 Cl and sup 4 sup 0 Ar(p,2p) sup 3 sup 9 Cl reactions

CERN Document Server

Nagatsu, K; Suzuki, K

1999-01-01

For the production of sup 3 sup 8 K, excitation functions of the sup 4 sup 0 Ar(p,3n) sup 3 sup 8 K reaction and its accompanying reactions sup 4 sup 0 Ar(p,2pn) sup 3 sup 8 Cl, and sup 4 sup 0 Ar(p,2p) sup 3 sup 9 Cl were measured at the proton energy of 20.5-39.5 MeV to determine the optimum conditions of irradiation. Target cells containing argon gas were prepared using specially developed tools in an argon-replaced glove box. In the sup 4 sup 0 Ar(p,3n) sup 3 sup 8 K, sup 4 sup 0 Ar(p,2pn) sup 3 sup 8 Cl, and sup 4 sup 0 Ar(p,2p) sup 3 sup 9 Cl reactions, the maximum cross sections were 6.7+-0.7, 34+-3.3 and 11+-1.2mbarn at 37.6, 39.5 and 32.0 MeV, respectively, and the saturation thick target yields were calculated to be 560, 2200, and 1300 sup * MBq/mu A, respectively, at an incident energy of 39.5 MeV ( sup * integral yield above 21 MeV).

Thermal gravimetric analysis of the CsCuCl3, Cs2CuCl4 and Cs2CuCl4x2H2O crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Soboleva, L.V.; Vasil'eva, M.G.

1977-01-01

The thermal characteristics of crystals of Cs 2 CuCl 4 , Cs 2 CuCl 4 x2H 2 O, and CsCuCl 3 were investigated thermogravimetrically. The derivatogram of the Cs 2 CuCl 4 crystal is characterized by the presence of a single endothermal effect at 505 deg C. The derivatogram of the Cs 2 CuCl 4 x2H 2 O crystal contains three endothermal effects: at 40, 135, and 480 deg C. The derivatogram of the CsCuCl 3 crystal shows the presence of two endothermal effects at 142 and 455 deg C. The thermogravimetric data on Cs 2 CuCl 4 and CsCuCl 3 crystals reveal crystal decomposition on melting; hence, these crystals cannot be grown from melts

Color tunable emission in Ce3+ and Tb3+ co-doped Ba2Ln(BO3)2Cl (Ln=Gd and Y) phosphors for white light-emitting diodes.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Niumiao; Guo, Chongfeng; Jing, Heng; Jeong, Jung Hyun

2013-12-01

Ce(3+) and Tb(3+) co-doped Ba2Ln(BO3)2Cl (Ln=Y and Gd) green emitting phosphors were prepared by solid state reaction in reductive atmosphere. The emission and excitation spectra as well as luminescence decays were investigated, showing the occurrence of efficient energy transfer from Ce(3+) to Tb(3+) in this system. The phosphors exhibit both a blue emission from Ce(3+) and a green emission from Tb(3+) under near ultraviolet light excitation with 325-375 nm wavelength. Emission colors of phosphors could be tuned from deep blue through cyan to green by adjusting the Tb(3+) concentrations. The energy transfer efficiency and emission intensity of Ba2Y(BO3)2Cl:Ce(3+), Tb(3+) precede those of Ba2Gd(BO3)2Cl:Ce(3+), Tb(3+), and the sample Ba2Y(BO3)2Cl:0.03Ce(3+), 0.10Tb(3+) is the best candidate for n-UV LEDs. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Co-existence of long-range order and spin fluctuation in a new geometric frustration series M2(OH)3Cl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zheng, X.G.; Hagihala, Masato; Toriyi, Takato

2007-01-01

Recently, we observed the co-existence of a long-range magnetic order and spin fluctuation in a clean compound of clinoatacamite, Cu 2 (OH) 3 Cl (PRL95 (2005) 057201). The present work reports magnetic studies on other compounds of this transition metal series M 2 (OH) 3 Cl, where M represents three-dimensional (3D)-electron magnetic ions of Co 2+ , Fe 2+ , etc., respectively. The present study shows that this co-existence is a common feature of the M 2 Cl(OH) 3 series, no matter whether it is anti-ferromagnetic, as in the case of Fe 2 (OH) 3 Cl (T N =15 K), or ferromagnetic, as in the case of Co 2 (OH) 3 Cl (T C =10.5 K). These compounds show a 3D network of corner-sharing tetrahedrons for the magnetic ions. The tetrahedron is slightly tilted with roughly 10% longer distance between the M-M bonded by Cl than those bonded by O and this distortion is suspected to be responsible for the partial order. This research suggests that the transition metal hydroxyhalide M 2 Cl(OH) 3 series are new geometric frustration system on tetrahedral lattice for d-electron spins

NaCl islands decorated with 2D or 3D 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride nanostructures

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sun, Xiaonan; Silly, Fabien

2010-01-01

The formation of PTCDA (3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride) nanostrutures on Au(1 1 1)-(22 x root 3) covered with NaCl islands has been studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Atomically resolved STM images show that NaCl grows as (1 0 0)-terminated layers on Au(1 1 1)-(22 x

PDGF activates K-Cl cotransport through phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein phosphatase-1 in primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jing; Lauf, Peter K; Adragna, Norma C

2005-07-15

K-Cl cotransport (K-Cl COT, KCC) is an electroneutrally coupled movement of K and Cl present in most cells. In this work, we studied the pathways of regulation of K-Cl COT by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Wortmannin and LY 294002 blocked the PDGF-induced K-Cl COT activation, indicating that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K) pathway is involved. However, PD 98059 had no effect on K-Cl COT activation by PDGF, suggesting that the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is not involved under the experimental conditions tested. Involvement of phosphatases was also examined. Sodium orthovanadate, cyclosporin A and okadaic acid had no effect on PDGF-stimulated K-Cl COT. Calyculin A blocked the PDGF-stimulated K-Cl COT by 60%, suggesting that protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1) is a mediator in the PDGF signaling pathway/s. In conclusion, our results indicate that the PDGF-mediated pathways of K-Cl COT regulation involve the signaling molecules PI 3-K and PP-1.

Origin of the p-type character of AuCl3 functionalized carbon nanotubes

KAUST Repository

Murat, Altynbek

2014-02-13

The microscopic origin of the p-type character of AuCl3 functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is investigated using first-principles self-interaction corrected density functional theory (DFT). Recent DFT calculations suggest that the p-type character of AuCl3 functionalized CNTs is due to the Cl atoms adsorbed on the CNTs. We test this hypothesis and show that adsorbed Cl atoms only lead to a p-type character for very specific concentrations and arrangements of the Cl atoms, which furthermore are not the lowest energy configurations. We therefore investigate alternative mechanisms and conclude that the p-type character is due to the adsorption of AuCl4 molecules. The unraveling of the exact nature of the p-doping adsorbates is a key step for further development of AuCl3 functionalized CNTs in water sensor applications. © 2014 American Chemical Society.

Specific non-bonding contacts in the crystal structure of [Mo3(μ3-S)(μ-S2)3(S2CNEt2)3]Cl0.53Br0.47 solid solution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Virovets, A.V.; Volkov, O.V.

2000-01-01

Solid solution [Mo 3 S 7 (dtc) 3 ]Cl 0.53 Br 0.47 (dtc diethyl-dithiocarbamate) featuring the following parameters of monoclinic all: a = 14.541(2), b = 12.407(2), c = 18.117(2) A, β = 90.032(9) deg, sp.gr. P2 1 /n, Z = 4, d cal = 2.107 g/cm 3 , was studied by the method of X-ray diffraction analysis. Formation of ionic pairs with axial contact 3S ax ...Br, its length 3.028-3.105 A, in the compound structure was ascertained. For compounds [Mo 3 S 7 (dtc) 3 ] Hal (Hal = Cl, Br, I) a regular growth in S...Hal distances in the series Cl-Br-I was pointed out, meanwhile the distances remained shorted than the van-der-Waals sums of sulfur and halogen radii [ru

Synthesis and growth of single crystals of PrCl3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pei, Jen Shieh.

1984-01-01

An efficient method for growth of high optical quality single crystals of PrCl 3 . The method consists in careful drying of the hydrated chloride, PrCl 3 . 7H 2 O, with a protective atmosphere of anhydrous HCl and Ar. A subsequent growth was done by the zone melting technique. The hydrated chloride had prepared from dissolution of the oxide Pr 6 O 11 in hydrochloric acid. The grown crystals had characterized fluorescence and x-ray diffraction measurements. (Author) [pt

Photoluminescence properties of a novel red phosphor Sr{sub 3}Ga{sub 2}O{sub 5}Cl{sub 2}:Eu{sup 3+}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Zhonghua; Hu, Yihua; Zhang, Shaoan; Lin, Jun [Guangdong University of Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangzhou (China)

2016-02-15

Eu{sup 3+}-doped Sr{sub 3}Ga{sub 2}O{sub 5}Cl{sub 2} phosphors were synthesized successfully via a two-step solid-state reaction method. Phase purity and morphology of the phosphor were confirmed by XRD and SEM techniques. In the excitation spectra of Sr{sub 3}Ga{sub 2}O{sub 5}Cl{sub 2}:Eu{sup 3+} phosphor, the broad excitation band centering at 310 nm is due to the combination of charge transfer from Eu{sup 3+}→O{sup 2-} and host absorption. And it matches well the emission wavelength from UV LEDs. Sr{sub 3}Ga{sub 2}O{sub 5}Cl{sub 2}:Eu{sup 3+} phosphors show a bright orange-red luminescence under excitation with 301 nm. However, concentration quenching of Eu{sup 3+} in Sr{sub 3}Ga{sub 2}O{sub 5}Cl{sub 2}:Eu{sup 3+} occurs at a low content of 0.07 in this work. The quenching mechanism of Sr{sub 3}Ga{sub 2}O{sub 5}Cl{sub 2}:Eu{sup 3+} was discussed in detail on the basis of the experimental results. (orig.)

Experimental Study of Codeposition Electrochemistry Using Mixtures of ScCl₃ and YCl₃ in LiCl-KCl Eutectic Salt at 500°C

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shaltry, Michael R. [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Yoo, Tae-Sic [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Fredrickson, Guy L. [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

2017-09-12

Cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry tests were applied to molten LiCl-KCl eutectic at 500 °C including amounts of ScCl₃ and YCl₃. The purpose of the testing was to observe the effect of applied electrical current on the codeposition of scandium and yttrium, which were chosen as surrogate elements for uranium and plutonium, respectively. Features of the work were to vary the concentration of ScCl₃ (at relatively low concentrations) as well as varying the applied current, all with a fixed concentration of YCl₃. Results of the experiments could provide insight of uranium electrorefining and may provide evidence, which suggests the electrorefiner could be operated at lower UCl₃ concentration whereby codeposition (U and Pu) could be more effectively controlled.

The NO signaling pathway differentially regulates KCC3a and KCC3b mRNA expression.

Science.gov (United States)

Di Fulvio, Mauricio; Lauf, Peter K; Adragna, Norma C

2003-11-01

Nitric oxide (NO) donors and protein kinase G (PKG) acutely up-regulate K-Cl cotransporter-1 and -3 (KCC1 and KCC3) mRNA expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Here, we report the presence, relative abundance, and regulation by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) of the novel KCC3a and KCC3b mRNAs, in primary cultures of rat VSMCs. KCC3a and KCC3b mRNAs were expressed in an approximate 3:1 ratio, as determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis. SNP as well as YC-1 and 8-Br-cGMP, a NO-independent stimulator of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and PKG, respectively, increased KCC3a and KCC3b mRNA expression by 2.5-fold and 8.1-fold in a time-dependent manner, following a differential kinetics. Stimulation of the NO/sGC/PKG signaling pathway with either SNP, YC-1, or 8-Br-cGMP decreased the KCC3a/KCC3b ratio from 3.0+/-0.4 to 0.9+/-0.1. This is the first report on a differential regulation by the NO/sGC/PKG signaling pathway of a cotransporter and of KCC3a and KCC3b mRNA expression.

Room temperature photoinduced magnetism in [py.H]{sub 3}[FeCl{sub 4}]{sub 2}Cl

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baniasadi, F. [Physics Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Tehranchi, M.M., E-mail: teranchi@sbu.ac.ir [Physics Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Fathi, M.B. [Physics Department, Kharazmi University, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Hamidi, S.M. [Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Safari, N.; Amani, V. [Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2015-11-15

Photoinduced magnetism in a homogeneous solution of [py.H]{sub 3}[FeCl{sub 4}]{sub 2}Cl is measured by Faraday rotation in visible light (λ∼450–750 nm) at room temperature. The physics of this phenomenon may be attributed to electronic transitions caused by absorption of light. X-ray diffraction and Debye function analysis are therefore applied to find the abundant unit of molecules dissolved in the solution which are being further utilized to investigate the electronic structure and molecular orbitals by means of hybrid density function theory (B3LYP). Faraday rotation is observed at certain wavelengths consistent with energy differences of HOMO-LUMO energy levels. Thus this work puts forward a new material with certain photomagnetic properties which may be used in fabrication of room temperature magneto-optical switches. - Highlights: • Photoinduced magnetism in (FeCl{sub 4}){sub 2}(py.H){sub 3}Cl is illustrated via Faraday rotation. • The abundant unit of molecule is characterized by Debye function analysis of XRD. • PIM in the molecule is attributed to the charge transfer between HOMO-LUMO.

UVB shielding role of FeCl{sub 3} and certain cyanobacterial pigments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumar, A.; Tyagi, M.B.; Srinivas, G.; Singh, N.; Kumar, H.D. [Banaras Hindu Univ., Varanasi (India). Dept. of Botany; Sinha, R.P. [Banaras Hindu Univ., Varanasi (India). Dept. of Botany]|[Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet, Erlangen (Germany). Institut fuer Botanik und Pharmazeutische Biologie; Haeder, D.P. [Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet, Erlangen (Germany). Institut fuer Botanik und Pharmazeutische Biologie

1996-08-01

The shielding role of ferric iron (FeCl{sub 3}) and certain cyanobacterial pigments (a brown-colored pigment from Scytonema hofmanii culture filtrate and a pink extract from Nostoc spongiaeforme) against UVB-induced damage in the filamentous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum has been demonstrated. Addition of these colored compounds to agarose gels (1-3 mm thick) resulted in a considerable decrease in UVB transmittance through the gels. The lowest UVB transmittance (15%) occurred through a 3 mm gel containing 0.01% FeCl{sub 3}, followed by S. hofmanii culture filtrate (40%) and N. spongiaeforme extract (50%). These substances appear to act as very efficient UVB-absorbing screens. Percent survival and {sup 14}CO{sub 2} uptake of N. muscorum increased significantly if UVB exposure was given on gels containing FeCl{sub 3} or other UVB-shielding substances. The highest protection of N. muscorum was recorded with FeCl{sub 3}, followed by S. hofmanii culture filtrate and N. spongiaeforme extract. Such UV-shielding substances if present in required concentration range may enhance the survival of cyanobacteria exposed to high levels of UVB. (author).

Relation between Kitaev magnetism and structure in α -RuCl3

Science.gov (United States)

Glamazda, A.; Lemmens, P.; Do, S.-H.; Kwon, Y. S.; Choi, K.-Y.

2017-05-01

Raman scattering has been employed to investigate lattice and magnetic excitations of the honeycomb Kitaev material α -RuCl3 and its Heisenberg counterpart CrCl3. Our phonon Raman spectra give evidence for a first-order structural transition from a monoclinic to a rhombohedral structure for both compounds. Significantly, only α -RuCl3 features a large thermal hysteresis, consistent with the formation of a wide phase of coexistence. In the related temperature interval of 70 -170 K, we observe a hysteretic behavior of magnetic excitations as well. The stronger magnetic response in the rhombohedral compared to the monoclinic phase evidences a coupling between the crystallographic structure and low-energy magnetic response. Our results demonstrate that the Kitaev magnetism concomitant with fractionalized excitations is susceptible to small variations of bonding geometry.

Theory of field induced incommensurability: CsFeCl3

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lindgård, Per-Anker

1986-01-01

Using correlation theory for the singlet-doublet magnet CsFeCl3 in a magnetic field, a field induced incommensurate ordering along K-M is predicted without invoking dipolar effects. A fully self-consistent RPA theory gives Hc=44 kG in agreement with experiments at T=1.3K. Correlation and dipolar...

Generation of nanopores during desorption of NH3 from Mg(NH3)6Cl2

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hummelshøj, Jens Strabo; Sørensen, Rasmus Zink; Kostova, M.Y.

2006-01-01

It is shown that nanopores are formed during desorption of NH3 from Mg(NH3)6Cl2, which has been proposed as a hydrogen storage material. The system of nanopores facilitates the transport of desorbed ammonia away from the interior of large volumes of compacted storage material. DFT calculations sh...

Conversion of CH/sub 3/OH into olefins over Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ treated with CF/sub 3/Cl

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kurosaki, A; Okazaki, S

1983-05-01

Hydrocarbon production from methanol has become an important process for obtaining materials such as ethylene and propylene from coal, instead of petroleum. A mixed oxide of Al and Cr having an atomic ratio (Al/Cr) of around 9 showed catalytic activity for the conversion of CH/sub 3/OH into olefins and aromatic compounds after treatment with CF/sub 3/Cl at 450/sup 0/C. The mixed oxide treated with CF/sub 3/Cl adsorbed a considerable amount of NH/sub 3/ even at temperatures as high as 500/sup 0/C. Analyses of the compositions on the surface layer by using XPS showed that the F component was predominantly bound to Al, not to Cr. Strong acid sites related to the less crystallized AlF/sub 3/ seemed to be able to promote the conversion of CH/sub 3/OH.

Reorientation of molecules in a Cl3P/Dirac h/NCCl2CF3 crystal according to NQR data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kyuntsel', I.A.; Mokeeva, V.A.; Soifer, G.B.

1988-01-01

The structural-dynamic inequivalence of the molecules in solid Cl 3 P/Dirac h/NCCl 2 CF 3 has been established, and their rotational mobility has been studied with the aid of the temperature dependence of the resonance frequency and of the spin-lattice relaxation time of the 35 Cl nuclei. The observed motion has been interpreted with consideration of the molecular structure as reorientation between unequal potential wells in the crystal lattice, and the corresponding activation parameters have been determined from the 35 Cl NQR data

Propane-1,3-diammonium bis[aquachlorido(4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato-κ3O2,N,O6mercurate(II] tetrahydrate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hossein Aghabozorg

2008-08-01

Full Text Available The reaction of mercury(II chloride dihydrate, propane-1,3-diamine and 4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid in a 1:1:1 molar ratio in aqueous solution, resulted in the formation of the title compound, (C3H12N2[Hg(C7H3NO5Cl(H2O]2·4H2O or (pnH2[Hg(hypydcCl(H2O]2·4H2O (where pn is propane-1,3-diamine and hypydcH2 is 4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid. The metal atom is coordinated by one chloride group, one water molecule cis to the chloride ligand and one (hypydc2− ligand. The coordinated water molecule is almost perpendicular to the plane of the aromatic ring of (hypydc2−. The geometry of the resulting HgClNO3 coordination can be described as distorted square-pyramidal. This structure also contains propane-1,3-diammonium (site symmetry 2 as a counter-ion and four uncoordinated water molecules. There is a wide range of non-covalent interactions consisting of hydrogen bonding [of the types O—H...O, N—H...O and C—H...O, with D...A ranging from 2.548 (5 to 3.393 (6 Å] and ion pairing.

Synthesis of 2-Isopropyl Naphthalene Catalyzed by Et3NHCl-AlCl3 Ionic Liquids

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Li Chenmin; Qi Xin; Tang Xiangyang

2014-01-01

In this paper, 2-isopropyl naphthalene has been synthesized by the reaction of naphthalene and isopropyl bromide, using triethylamine hydrochloride-aluminum chloride ionic liquid as the catalyst. The effect of the catalyst composition, the reaction time, the reaction temperature, the ionic liquid dosage, as well as the molar ratio of the reagents on the 2-isopropyl naphthalene yield was systematically investigated. The optimal reaction conditions cover:an AlCl3 to Et3NHCl ratio of 2.0, a reaction time of 3 h, a reaction temperature of 15.0℃, a volume fraction of ionic liquid to the mixture (isopropyl bromide, n-dodecane and n-hexane) of 9%, and a naphthalene/isopropyl bromide molar ratio of 4.0. Under the optimal reaction condi-tions, the conversion of isopropyl bromide reached 98%and the selectivity of 2-isopropyl naphthalene was equal to 80%. The test results veriifed good catalytic activity upon using Et3NHCl-AlCl3 ionic liquid as the catalyst for alkylation of naph-thalene with isopropyl bromide. The activity of the ionic liquid remains unchanged after it has been recycled for 4 times.

Coordination compounds of cobalt (3), chromium (3) and vanadium (3) with s-methylthiosemicarbazone of salicylic aldehyde

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leovats, V.M.; Gehrbehlehu, N.V.; Tsanich, V.D. (AN Moldavskoj SSR, Kishinev. Inst. Khimii)

1982-04-01

Coordination compounds of trivalent cobalt, chromium and vanadium with S-methylthiosemicarbazone of salicylic aldehyde H/sub 2/L of (Co(HL)/sub 2/)XxnH/sub 2/O (X=Cl, Br, I, NO/sub 3/, ClO/sub 4/), (CoL(NH/sub 3/)/sub 3/)NO/sub 3/, (Co(HL)/sub 2/)/sub 2/(Co(NCS)/sub 4/)x2H/sub 2/O, (CoCl(DH)/sub 2/(H/sub 2/L))xH/sub 2/O, (Cr(HL)/sub 2/)XxnH/sub 2/O (X=Cl, NO/sub 3/), (V(HL)/sub 2/)Clx1/2H/sub 2/O, (M(HL)L)xnH/sub 2/O (M=Co, Cr, V) compositions are synthesized and investigated. It is shown, that H/sub 2/L behaves as a tridentate ligand at the expense of (O, N, N) set of donor atoms. The effective magnetic moment of the compounds is calculated.

Electroplating of erbium on steel surface in ErCl3 doped LiCl-KCl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kondo, Masatoshi; Tanaka, Teruya; Muroga, Takeo; Tsujimura, Hiroyuki; Ito, Yasuhiko

2012-01-01

The electroplating of Er metal on the reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel, JLF-1 (Fe-9Cr-2W-0.1C), in a molten salt was studied. The specimen was immersed in the molten ErCl 3 doped LiCl-KCl electrolyte. The electroplating was carried out by a constant potential electrolysis method and a pulsed current electrolysis method. It was found that the Er metal was deposited on the specimen surface due to the electrochemical reaction. (author)

PbCl2-tuned inorganic cubic CsPbBr3(Cl) perovskite solar cells with enhanced electron lifetime, diffusion length and photovoltaic performance

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Bo; Zhang, Yanan; Zhang, Luyuan; Yin, Longwei

2017-08-01

Inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite is arousing great interest following after organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites, and is found as a good candidate for photovoltaic devices for its prominent photoelectric property and stability. Herein, we for the first time report on PbCl2-tuned inorganic Cl-doped CsPbBr3(Cl) perovskite solar cells with adjustable crystal structure and Cl doping for enhanced carrier lifetime, extraction rate and photovoltaic performance. The effect of PbCl2 on the morphologies, structures, optical, and photovoltaic performance of CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells is investigated systemically. Compared with orthorhombic CsPbBr3, cubic CsPbBr3 demonstrates a significant improvement for electron lifetime (from 6.7 ns to 12.3 ns) and diffusion length (from 69 nm to 197 nm), as well as the enhanced electron extraction rate from CsPbBr3 to TiO2. More importantly, Cl doping benefits the further enhancement of carrier lifetime (14.3 ns) and diffusion length (208 nm). The Cl doped cubic CsPbBr3(Cl) perovskite solar cell exhibits a Jsc of 8.47 mA cm-2 and a PCE of 6.21%, superior to that of pure orthorhombic CsPbBr3 (6.22 mA cm-2 and 3.78%). The improvement of photovoltaic performance can be attributed to enhanced carrier lifetime, diffusion length and extraction rates, as well as suppressed nonradiative recombination.

Anisotropic pressure effects on the Kagome Cu3Bi(SeO3)2O2Cl metamagnet

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, H. C.; Tseng, W. J.; Yang, P. Y.; Chandrasekhar, K. D.; Berger, H.; Yang, H. D.

2017-07-01

The anisotropic spin-flip-induced multiferroic property of the Kagome single-crystal Cu3Bi(SeO3)2O2Cl was recently investigated. The doping effects on the structural and magnetic properties of Cu3Bi(Se1-x Te x O3)2O2Cl (0 ≤slant x≤slant 0.6) polycrystalline samples were studied to further explore and manipulate the metamagnetic spin-flip transition. With higher Te concentration, the lattice constants a and b exhibit a linear increase, whereas the lattice constant c gradually decreases, which indicates that the anisotropic expansion and compression effect is induced by Te substitution in the Se site. Subsequently, the antiferromagnetic transition (T N) shifts to a higher temperature, the critical field ({{H}\\text{c}} ) of the metamagnetic spin-flip transition increases, and the value of the saturation magnetisation ({{M}\\text{s}} ) diminishes. Meanwhile, the effects of isotropic expansion (with Br doping) and compression (with external pressure) do not show a clear influence on the spin-flip phenomena. Our results emphasise the introduction of anisotropic pressure in Cu3Bi(SeO3)2O2Cl, which modulates the magnetic interaction of Cu (I)-O1-Cu (I) and Cu (I)-O1-Cu (II) and, consequently, enhances the {{H}\\text{c}} of the spin-flip transition.

Altered Regulation of type 3 Na+/H+ exchanger, type 1 Na+/HCO3- cotransporter, and Na+,K+-ATPase in the Kidney of Rats with Experimental Rhabdomyolysis

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, Seong Kwon; Bae, Eun Hui; Lee, JongUn; Kim, Sun Young; Kim, Sung Zoo; Choi, Ki Chul

2007-01-01

Metabolic acidosis was shown to correlate with deterioration of renal function in patients with rhabdomyolysis. The present study was aimed to investigate whether the changes of type 3 Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE3), type 1 Na+/HCO3- cotransporter (NBC1), and Na+,K+-ATPase α1 subunit may play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic acidosis in glycerol-induced experimental rhabdomyolysis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were deprived of fluid intake for 24 hours, and then were injected with 50% glycerol in normal saline (10 mL/kg, intramuscularly). At 24 hours after the glycerol injection, rats were sacrificed by decapitation. Control rats were injected with normal saline. The protein expression of NHE3, NBC1 and Na+,K+-ATPase α1 subunit was determined in the cortex of the kidney by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Following the treatment of glycerol, creatinine clearance was significantly decreased, and high anion gap metabolic acidosis developed. In the experimental group, the expression of Na+,K+-ATPase α1 subunit was significantly decreased in the cortex of the kidney. On the contrary, the expression of NHE3 and NBC1 was significantly increased. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the immunoblotting data. In conclusion, the coordinate up-regulation of NHE3 and NBC1 may play an adaptive role against the metabolic acidosis in glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis. PMID:24459502

Rate Constants for the Reactions of OH with CH(sub 3)Cl, CH(sub 2) C1(sub 2), CHC1(sub 3)and CH(sub 3)Br

Science.gov (United States)

Hsu, H-J.; DeMore, W.

1994-01-01

Rate constants for the reactions of OH with CH3C1, CH2Cl2, CHCl3 and CH3Br have been measured by a relative rate technique in which the reaction rate of each compound was compared to that of HFC-152a (CH3CHF2)and for CH2Cl2, HFC-161 (CH3CH2F).

The effects of Zn doping on magnetic properties of Cu3Bi(SeO3)2O2Cl

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Pei-Ying; Tseng, Wu-Jyun; Wu, Hung-Cheng; Kakarla, D. Chandrasekhar; Yang, Hung-Duen; Department of Physics, Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ Team

Recently, layered spin-frustrated Cu3Bi(SeO3)2 O2Cl has received considerable research attention due to its unusual magnetic properties. Two inequivalent Cu2 + ions form a pseudo-kagome lattice that invokes spin frustration and anisotropic magnetic properties. In this study, the influence of Zn doping on the complex magnetic properties has been explored. Polycrystalline (Cu1-xZnx) Bi(SeO3)2 O2Cl (0 x 0.5) samples were synthesized using solid-state reaction and characterized by X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. The Zn doping strongly modulates the magnetic ground state of the system. The antiferromagnetic transition temperature TN = 24 K and magnetic field-induced hysteresis observed for x = 0 at low field are systematically shifted to lower temperature and reduced with Zn doping. These results can illustrate the insight of the occurrence of field-induced spin-flip type multiferroics in Cu3Bi(SeO3)2 O2Cl.

AMS Measurement of 36Cl with a Q3D Magnetic Spectrometer at CIAE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Chaoli; He Ming; Wu Shaoyong; Li Zhenyu; Liu Jiancheng; Dong Kejun; Jiang Shan; Zhang Wei; He Xianwen

2012-01-01

The ratio of 36 Cl/Cl can determine the exposure age of surface rocks and monitor the secular equilibrium of 36 Cl of sedimentary and igneous rock in groundwater. Due to the uncertainty effects of different chemical separation processes for removing 36 S, there is a high degree of uncertainty in 36 Cl accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements if the ratio of 36 Cl/Cl is lower than 10 -14 . A 36 Cl AMS higher sensitivity measurement has been set up by using a ΔE-Q3D method at the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The performances of ΔE-Q3D method for 36 Cl-AMS measurement had been systemically studied. The experimental results show that the ΔE-Q3D method has a higher isobar suppression factor. Taking advantage of direct removing 36 S, the sample preparation can be simplified and the uncertainty effects of different chemical separation processes can be reduced in 36 Cl AMS measurements.

Atmospheric chemistry of trans-CF3CH=CHCl: Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions with Cl atoms, OH radicals, and O3

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Mads Peter Sulbaek; Nilsson, Elna Johanna Kristina; Nielsen, Ole John

2008-01-01

Long path length Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)–smog chamber techniques were used to study the kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms, OH radicals and O3 with trans-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-chloropropene, t-CF3CH CHCl, in 700 Torr total pressure at 295±2K. Values of k(Cl + t-CF3CH CHCl) = (5...

Geochemical evolution of groundwater in the Western Delta region of River Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India

Science.gov (United States)

Nageswara Rao, P. V.; Appa Rao, S.; Subba Rao, N.

2017-05-01

The present study on geochemical evolution of groundwater is taken up to assess the controlling processes of water chemistry in the Western Delta region of the River Godavari (Andhra Pradesh), which is one of the major rice-producing centers in India. The study region is underlain by coarse sand with black clay (buried channels), black silty clay of recent origin (floodplain) and gray/white fine sand of modern beach sediment of marine source (coastal zone), including brown silty clay with fine sand (paleo-beach ridges). Groundwater is mostly brackish and very hard. It is characterized by Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+:HCO3 - > Cl- > SO4 2- > NO3 -, Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+:Cl- > HCO3 - > SO4 2-, and Mg2+ > Na+ > Ca2+ > or Cl- > or > SO4 2- facies. The ionic relations (Ca2+ + Mg2+:HCO3 -, Ca2+ + Mg2+:SO4 2- + HCO3 -, Na+ + K+:TC, Na+ + K+:Cl- + SO4 2-, HCO3 -:TC, HCO3 -:Ca2+ + Mg2+, Na+:Cl- and Na+:Ca2+) indicate that the rock weathering, mineral dissolution, evaporation and ion exchange are the processes to control the aquifer chemistry. Anthropogenic and marine sources are also the supplementary factors for brackish water quality. These observations are further supported by Gibbs mechanisms that control the water chemistry. Thus, the study suggests that the initial quality of groundwater of geogenic origin has been subsequently modified by the influences of anthropogenic and marine sources.

The anionic basis of fluid secretion by the rabbit mandibular salivary gland

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Case, R M; Hunter, M; Novak, I

1984-01-01

The role played by anions in salivary secretion has been studied in experiments on the isolated, perfused mandibular gland of the rabbit, in which perfusate Cl- and/or HCO3- were replaced by other anions. Replacement of Cl- with Br- had no significant effect on salivary secretion rate, but replac......The role played by anions in salivary secretion has been studied in experiments on the isolated, perfused mandibular gland of the rabbit, in which perfusate Cl- and/or HCO3- were replaced by other anions. Replacement of Cl- with Br- had no significant effect on salivary secretion rate...

Structural Analysis of Molten NaNO3 by Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Science.gov (United States)

Tahara, Shuta; Toyama, Hiroshi; Shimakura, Hironori; Fukami, Takanori

2017-08-01

MD simulation for molten NaNO3 has been performed by using the Born-Mayer-Huggins-type potentials. The new structural features of molten NaNO3 are investigated by several analytical methods. The coordination-number and bond-angle distributions are similar to those of simple molten salts such as NaCl except for the variation caused by the different size of the anion and cation. Na+ ions are attracted toward O- ions, and get separated from N+ ions by Coulomb interactions. The distribution of the dihedral angle between NO3 - plannar ionic molecules has also been investigated.

Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies of interlayer CO32-, NO3-, SO42- and ClO4-in layered double hydroxides (LDHs)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kloprogge, J.T.; Wharton, D.; Frost, R.L.

1998-01-01

Full text: Hydrotalcites (HTs) are also described as layered double hydroxides or anionic clays, due to their layered structure with a charge opposite to that of cationic clays. The number of counterbalancing anions or anionic complexes is essentially unlimited provided that the anion does not form a complex with the cations in the octahedral sheets during the formation. The majority of especially the synthetic but also naturally occurring HTs contain CO 3 2- as the interlayer anion. Other regularly used anions include NO 3 - , OH - , SO 4 2- and Cl - in addition to ClO 4 - and CrO 4 2- . When CO 3 2- is present as a free ion it will exhibit a space group of D 3h . As a result the bending non-planar mode ν 2 (A'2), the antisymmetrical stretching mode ν 3 (E') and the bending angular mode ν 4 (E'), will be observed in the IR spectrum at 880, 1415 and 680 cm -1 , while the symmetric stretching mode ν 1 (A'1) is IR inactive. In the Raman spectrum one will observe ν 1 (A'1), ν 3 (E') and ν 4 (E') (Nakamoto, 1997; Farmer, 1974). In comparison to free CO 3 2- a shift towards lower wavenumbers is generally observed. A band around 3000-3100 cm -1 has been attributed to the bridging mode H 2 O-CO 3 2- . The shift towards lower wavenumbers indicates a lowering of the symmetry from D 3h , to probably C 2s or C ν . As a result the IR inactive ν 1 mode will be activated. Indeed, a weak band has been observed around 1050-1060 cm -1 . In addition, the ν 3 mode shows a small splitting in the order of 30-60 cm -1 . In accordance to the findings of Moroz and Arkhipenko (1991), Kloprogge and Frost (1999) and Hickey et al. (2000) observed weak Raman ν 3 and νv 4 modes at 1053 and 1403 cm -1 . Like in the IR spectra, both ν 3 and νv 4 show a minor shift of 10 to 15 cm -1 . Like free CO 3 2- free nitrate NO 3 - will exhibit a spacegroup of D 3h with A 1 ' Raman actively only, A 2 '' IR active only and 2E' Raman and IR active. This means that the out-of-plane symmetric

Redox equilibrium of U4+/U3+ in molten NaCl-2CsCl by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and cyclic voltammetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nagai, Takayuki; Uehara, Akihiro; Fujii, Toshiyuki; Shirai, Osamu; Yamana, Hajimu; Sato, Nobuaki

2005-01-01

In order to investigate the redox equilibrium of uranium ions in molten NaCl-2CsCl, UV-Vis absorption spectro-photometry measurements were performed for U 4+ and U 3+ in molten NaCl-2CsCl at 923 K under simultaneous electrolytic control of their ratio. Prominent absorption bands at 480 and 570 nm were assigned to U 3+ , and their molar absorptivities were determined to be 1,260±42 and 963±32 mol -1 ·l·cm -1 respectively. From the dependence of the rest potential of the melt on the spectrophotometrically determined ratio of [U 4+ ]/[U 3+ ], the standard redox potential of the couple U 4+ /U 3+ at 923 K was determined to be -1.481±0.004 V vs. Cl 2 /Cl - . Cyclic voltammetry measurements were carried out for the couple U 4+ /U 3+ , and the results agreed well with this standard redox potential value. By the results of cyclic voltammetry, a temperature dependence of the standard redox potential was found to be -2.094+6.639 x 10 -4 T (T=823-923K). (author)

Vinclozolin: 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl-5-ethenyl-5-methyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Seonghwa Cho

2014-07-01

Full Text Available In the title compound, C12H9Cl2NO3, which is the fungicide vinclozolin, the dihedral angle between the oxazolidine ring mean plane [r.m.s. deviation = 0.029 Å] and the benzene ring is 77.55 (8°. In the crystal, molecules are linked via C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [010]. The chains are linked by short Cl...Cl contacts [3.4439 (3 and 3.5798 (3 Å], resulting in a three-dimensional architecture.

Structure and decomposition of the silver formate Ag(HCO2)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Puzan, Anna N.; Baumer, Vyacheslav N.; Mateychenko, Pavel V.

2017-01-01

Crystal structure of the silver formate Ag(HCO 2 ) has been determined (orthorhombic, sp.gr. Pccn, a=7.1199(5), b=10.3737(4), c=6.4701(3)Å, V=477.88(4) Å 3 , Z=8). The structure contains isolated formate ions and the pairs Ag 2 2+ which form the layers in (001) planes (the shortest Ag–Ag distances is 2.919 in the pair and 3.421 and 3.716 Å between the nearest Ag atoms of adjacent pairs). Silver formate is unstable compound which decompose spontaneously vs time. Decomposition was studied using Rietveld analysis of the powder diffraction patterns. It was concluded that the diffusion of Ag atoms leads to the formation of plate-like metal particles as nuclei in the (100) planes which settle parallel to (001) planes of the silver formate matrix. - Highlights: • Silver formate Ag(HCO 2 ) was synthesized and characterized. • Layered packing of Ag-Ag pairs in the structure was found. • Decomposition of Ag(HCO 2 ) and formation of metal phase were studied. • Rietveld-refined micro-structural characteristics during decomposition reveal the space relationship between the matrix structure and forming Ag phase REPLACE with: Space relationship between the matrix structure and forming Ag phase.

Characterization Ag/AgCl reference electrode by U/U3+ equilibrium potential measurements in LiCl-KCl eutectic melt

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kobayashi, Fumiaki; Kitawaki, Shinichi; Amamoto, Ippei; Igarashi, Miyuki

1999-02-01

The Ag/ AgCl reference electrode is often used in electrochemical measurements of molten chloride system. By measuring the U/U 3+ equilibrium potential in the cell, U(s) | UCl 3 , LiCl-KCl parallel LiCl-KCl, Ag + | Ag (s), the characterization of the Ag/AgCl reference electrode was made. The behavior of two types of reference electrode having either a mullite or a Pyrex-glass membrane bridge was examined. It was confirmed that the two types of reference electrode can be regarded as almost equivalent. The reproducibility of the reading from the electrodes having the identical construction was showing to be within 0.003 V. (author)

The first quinary rare earth thiophosphates. Cs{sub 5}Ln{sub 3}X{sub 3}(P{sub 2}S{sub 6}){sub 2}(PS{sub 4}) (Ln = La, Ce, X = Br, Cl) and the quasi-quaternary Cs{sub 10}Y{sub 4}Cl{sub 10}(P{sub 2}S{sub 6}){sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schoop, Leslie Mareike; Eger, Roland; Nuss, Juergen; Pielnhofer, Florian [Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart (Germany); Lotsch, Bettina Valeska [Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart (Germany); Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for Nanoscience, Muenchen (Germany)

2017-12-13

We report the first examples of quinary rare earth thiophosphates with a fully ordered cation and anion distribution, Cs{sub 5}Ln{sub 3}X{sub 3}(P{sub 2}S{sub 6}){sub 2}(PS{sub 4}), (Ln = La, Ce and X = Br, Cl) as well as the quasi-quaternary Cs{sub 10}Y{sub 4}Cl{sub 10}(P{sub 2}S{sub 6}){sub 3}. These four new compounds crystallize in three different, unknown structure types. The yellowish, transparent, brittle Cs{sub 5}Ce{sub 3}Br{sub 3}(P{sub 2}S{sub 6}){sub 2}(PS{sub 4}) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (no. 62) with a = 13.276(3), b = 14.891(3), c = 19.593(4) Aa, and V = 3873(1) Aa{sup 3} in a novel structure type. Colorless crystals of Cs{sub 5}La{sub 3}Br{sub 3}(P{sub 2}S{sub 6}){sub 2}(PS{sub 4}) and Cs{sub 5}La{sub 3}Cl{sub 3}(P{sub 2}S{sub 6}){sub 2}(PS{sub 4}) are isotypic and were obtained in the monoclinic space group P2{sub 1}/m (no. 11) with a = 9.715(2), b = 14.310(3), c = 13.685(3) Aa, β = 100.16(3) and V = 1873(1) Aa{sup 3} and a = 9.513(2), b = 14.182(3), c = 13.699(3) Aa, β = 99.39(3) and V = 1823(1) Aa{sup 3}, respectively. Both structures contain isolated hexathiohypodiphosphate(IV) [P{sub 2}S{sub 6}]{sup 4-} and thiophosphate [PS{sub 4}]{sup 3-} units that are arranged alternately in layers. Cs{sub 10}Y{sub 4}Cl{sub 10}(P{sub 2}S{sub 6}){sub 3} crystallizes in colorless transparent platelets in the orthorhombic space group Pnnm (no. 58) with a = 13.153(3), b = 28.964(6), c = 7.780(2) Aa, and V = 2964(1) Aa{sup 3}. The structure is composed of isolated [P{sub 4/2}S{sub 6}]{sup 4-} octahedra containing four half occupied P positions surrounded octahedrally by sulfur. We show with Raman scattering that this disordered thiophosphate anion shows a Raman spectrum that is distinct from spectra published for other literature-known thiophosphate anions. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Facile and Selective Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles Catalyzed by FeCl3/ Al2O3

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guo-Feng Chen

2012-01-01

Full Text Available 2-Substituted benzimidazoles were synthesized in a single pot from aromatic aldehydes and o-phenylenediamine catalyzed by FeCl3/ Al2O3 in DMF at ambient temperature attained good yields and high selectivity.

Low temperature synthesis of CaZrO3 nanoceramics from CaCl2–NaCl molten eutectic salt

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rahman Fazli

2015-06-01

Full Text Available CaZrO3 nanoceramics were successfully synthesized at 700 C using the molten salt method, and the effects of processing parameters, such as temperature, holding time, and amount of salt on the crystallization of CaZrO3 were investigated. CaCl2, Na2CO3, and nano-ZrO2 were used as starting materials. On heating, CaCl2–NaCl molten eutectic salt provided a liquid medium for the reaction of CaCO3 and ZrO2 to form CaZrO3. The results demonstrated that CaZrO3 started to form at about 600C and that, after the temperature was increased to 1,000C, the amounts of CaZrO3 in the resultant powders increased with a concomitant decrease in CaCO3and ZrO2 contents. After washing with hot distilled water, the samples heated for 3 h at 700C were single-phase CaZrO3 with 90–95 nm particle size. Furthermore, the synthesized CaZrO3 particles retained the size and morphology of the ZrO2 powders which indicated that a template mechanism dominated the formation of CaZrO3 by molten-salt method.

Spectral intensities: The emission spectra for the Cs2NaScCl6: MoCl63- system in the Fm3m space group

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Acevedo, R.; Meruane, T.; Navarro, G.

2000-01-01

Taking advantage of the data reported by Flint and Paulusz, we have undertaken a theoretical investigation of the intensity mechanism for the various emissions; Γ 8 ( 2 T 2g ) → Γ 8 ( 4 A 2g ), Γ 8 ( 2 E g ), Γ 8 ( 2 T 1g ), Γ 6 ( 2 T 1g ) for the Cs 2 NaScCl 6 :MoCl 6 3- system in the Fm3m-space group. The experimental data reported by these authors, refer to the visible and near infrared luminescence spectra of MoCl 3- 6 complex ion in different host, such as Cs 2 NaMCl 6 (M = Sc, Y, In), measured between 15,000 cm -1 and 3,000 cm -1 at liquid helium temperatures. At least, five luminescence transitions have been identified and assigned and each of them show extensive vibronic structure, which was analyzed to yield the vibrational frequencies of the MoX 3- 6 (X -1 = Cl -1 Br -1 ) ion in each excitation. A careful analysis of the experimental data reported shows that for the various observed electronic transitions, the vibration frequencies do change only slightly, and therefore there is no indication that the system undergoes a Jahn-Teller distortion (along an active coordinate) of some importance to be taken into account in the current work. There is, though clear evidence that for the chloro-elpasolites, there is a strong resonance interaction between ν 3 (τ 1u : stretching) of the MoX 6 3- , complex ion and that of the host when M = In, Y. Thus for M = Sc, the slighter higher host ν 3 , wavenumber is likely to minimizes the effect of this coupling. This experimental evidence, will allow us for the Cs 2 NaScCl 6 3- system to neglect to first order approximation, the coupling among the internal and the external vibrations and to proceed using a both a molecular model and the independent system model (ISM)

Ag/AgCl nanoparticles-modified CdSnO3·3H2O nanocubes photocatalyst for the degradation of methyl orange and antibiotics under visible light irradiation.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Shi-Feng; Niu, Cheng-Gang; Huang, Da-Wei; Zhang, Huan; Zeng, Guang-Ming

2017-11-01

CdSnO 3 ·3H 2 O (CSH) nanocubes modified with Ag/AgCl nanoparticles were constructed via the ultrasonic-assisted precipitation-photoreduction method. The obtained samples were characterized using various analytical techniques. Methyl orange (MO), tetracycline (TC), and oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC-HCl) were degraded as target pollutants under visible light irradiation to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples. Compared with pure CSH and Ag/AgCl nanoparticles, the developed composite of which 5mL of AgNO 3 was added on the synthesis, labelled as 5-Ag/AgCl/CSH, occupied the best photocatalytic activity. The corresponding degradation rate for MO was 94% within 40min. 94% of TC and 90% of OTC-HCl were also degraded by 5-Ag/AgCl/CSH catalyst within 60min, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity might arise from the surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag/AgCl nanoparticles and efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Meanwhile, a possible photocatalytic mechanism over 5-Ag/AgCl/CSH sample was proposed based on the experiment and theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

La5M3X (M=Sn, Bi; X=Cl, Br, I): exploring the limit of the Mn5Si3-type hosting lattice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zheng Chong; Mattausch, Hansjuergen; Simon, Arndt

2002-01-01

Three new compounds add to the family of the Mn 5 Si 3 type host-guest lattice. These are La 5 Sn 3 X (X=Cl, Br, I) synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of La, LaX 3 and Sn heated under Ar atmosphere in sealed Ta ampoules at 850-990 deg. C for 13-62 days. La 5 Sn 3 X crystallize in the space group P6 3 /mcm (No. 193) with lattice parameters a=9.603(1) A, 9.637(1) A and 9.673(1) A; c=6.890(1) A, 6.931(1) A and 6.987(1) A, respectively, for X=Cl, Br and I. Computational analysis using both the extended Hueckel and the local density functional methods showed that the Sn and La site acts as electron reservoir, providing electrons to the interstitials as necessary. This gives rise to a metallic behavior. Susceptibility and conductivity measurements confirmed these predictions. The single crystal structure of La 5 Bi 3 Br is also reported

Effect of Ce{sup 3+} ion on Dy{sup 3+} or Mn{sup 2+} in KMgSO{sub 4}Cl synthesized by centrifuge method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shinde, Nita [Department of Physics R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033 (India); Dhoble, N.S. [Department of Chemistry, Sevadal Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur 440018 (India); Gedam, S.C., E-mail: gedam_sc@rediffmail.com [K.Z.S. Science College, Kalmeshwar, Nagpur 441501 (India); Dhoble, S.J. [Department of Physics R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033 (India)

2016-04-15

In this paper effect of Ce{sup 3+} ion on Dy{sup 3+} and Mn{sup 2+} ions in microcrystalline KMgSO{sub 4}Cl host prepared by ethanol (centrifuge technique) method has been discussed. In KMgSO{sub 4}Cl sample X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) characteristics have been studied. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis shows the crystalline nature of the phosphor prepared by this new route. The morphological structures of the samples were conducted using SEM technique. An average crystallite size was found to be 5 μm. Photoluminescence in KMgSO{sub 4}Cl:Ce{sup 3+} is observed at 324 nm and 344 nm along with red emission broad band at around 644 nm. In KMgSO{sub 4}Cl: Ce, Dy phosphor Ce{sup 3+} emission around 324 and 344 nm overlaps rather well with Dy{sup 3+} excitation. The addition of Ce{sup 3+} showed higher photoluminescence (PL) intensity for the Dy{sup 3+} emissions around 482 and 576 nm excited via Ce{sup 3+} ions at 284 nm due to {sup 4}F{sub 9/2} to {sup 6}H{sub 15/2} and {sup 6}H{sub 13/2} levels. Ce{sup 3+}→Mn{sup 2+} energy transfer process occurs in KMgSO{sub 4}Cl host. KMgSO{sub 4}Cl: Mn does not give PL at 284 nm excitation but for co-doped samples with cerium, Mn{sup 2+} ions exhibits efficient fluorescence at around 560 nm due to {sup 4}T{sub 1}–{sup 6}A{sub 1} transition. KMgSO{sub 4}Cl: Dy or KMgSO{sub 4}Cl: Mn directly exciting does not show any emission while addition of Mn{sup 2+}, enhances red emission of Ce{sup 3+} at 644 nm. The CIE co-ordinates of KMgSO{sub 4}Cl:Ce; KMgSO{sub 4}Cl:Ce, Dy and KMgSO{sub 4}Cl:Ce, Mn phosphors reveals that the emission colour varies from blue to deep-red. Hence this material may be a potential lamp phosphor. - Highlights: • KMgSO{sub 4}Cl: Ce3{sup +} along with Dy3{sup +} and Mn2{sup +} was prepared by centrifuge method. • Particle size was found to be 5 μm using SEM technique. • The emission varies from blue to deep-red.

A feasible process for simultaneous removal of CO2, SO2 and NOx in the cement industry by NH3 scrubbing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dong, Ruifeng; Lu, Hongfang; Yu, Yunsong; Zhang, Zaoxiao

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Simultaneous removal of CO 2 , SO 2 and NO x is realized by NH 3 scrubbing with NaClO 2 . ► The crystallization process of NH 4 HCO 3 is employed instead of CO 2 regeneration. ► Energy consumption reduces hugely while CO 2 removal rate remains higher than 90%. ► Exergy calculation reveals that a higher thermodynamic perfection degree is achieved. -- Abstract: With the rapid economic and industrial development, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing enormously, which has greatly affected the global climate and human living environment. At present, a lot of technologies have been applied to CO 2 removal in fossil fuel-fired power plants, which are one of the main CO 2 emission sources. But few researches have been done in the cement industry, which is the third largest CO 2 emission source. There is no mature technology of CO 2 removal in cement industry mentioned before. This paper proposes a feasible process for simultaneous removal of CO 2 , SO 2 and NO x in the cement industry by NH 3 scrubbing. As there is no ready steam source for the regeneration of CO 2 -rich loading solvent after absorption, a process with the final product of ammonium bicarbonate is developed. With the oxidative additive of NaClO 2 added in the aqueous ammonium absorbent, the simultaneous removal of CO 2 , SO 2 and NO x is feasible by NH 3 scrubbing. The products of the process are mainly ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, which are all good fertilizers for crops and plants. The crystallization of NH 4 HCO 3 is easier for storage and transportation than that for liquid carbon dioxide, which becomes more stable when dicyandiamide (DCD) is added. The thermodynamic analysis proves that the proposed process has the advantages of energy conservation and high thermodynamic perfection degree compared with the traditional ones.

Effect of NaHCO3 treatments on the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes produced by Penicillium digitatum during the pathogenesis process on grapefruit.

Science.gov (United States)

Venditti, Tullio; D'hallewin, Guy; Ladu, Gianfranca; Petretto, Giacomo L; Pintore, Giorgio; Labavitch, John M

2018-03-25

The present study was performed to clarify the strategies of Penicillium digitatum during pathogenesis on citrus, assessing, on albedo plugs, the effects of treatment with NaHCO 3 , at two different pH (5 and 8.3), on cell wall-degrading enzymes activity, over a period of 72 h. The treatment with NaHCO 3 , under alkaline pH, delayed the polygalacturonase activity for 72 h, or 48 h in the case of the pectin lyase, if compared to the control or the same treatment at pH 5. On the contrary, the pectin methyl esterase activity rapidly increased after 24 h, in plugs dipped in the same solution. In this case, the activity remained higher than untreated or pH 5 treated plugs up to 72 h. The rapid increase in pectin methyl esterase activity, under alkaline conditions, is presumably the strategy of the pathogen to lower the pH, soon after the initiation of infection, in order to restore an optimal environment for the subsequent polygalacturonase and pectin lyase action. In fact at the same time, a low pH delayed the enzymatic activity of polygalacturonase and pectin lyase, the two enzymes that actually cleave the α-1,4-linkages between the galacturonic acid residues. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Acylation of aromatic alcohols and phenols over InCl3 ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Unknown

toluene sulphonic acid,5 ZnCl2,6 COCl2,7 Sc(OTf)3. 8 or Bi(OTf)3. 9] catalyst ... tion of benzene and other aromatic compounds.12,13. In this communication, we ... val of solvent from the reaction mixture by distillation. The acylated products ...

Photon Reabsorption in Mixed CsPbCl3:CsPbI3 Perovskite Nanocrystal Films for Light-Emitting Diodes

KAUST Repository

Davis, Nathaniel J. L. K.

2017-01-24

Cesium lead halide nanocrystals, CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I), exhibit photoluminescence quantum efficiencies approaching 100% without the core–shell structures usually used in conventional semiconductor nanocrystals. These high photoluminescence efficiencies make these crystals ideal candidates for light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, because of the large surface area to volume ratio, halogen exchange between perovskite nanocrystals of different compositions occurs rapidly, which is one of the limiting factors for white-light applications requiring a mixture of different crystal compositions to achieve a broad emission spectrum. Here, we use mixtures of chloride and iodide CsPbX3 (X = Cl, I) perovskite nanocrystals where anion exchange is significantly reduced. We investigate samples containing mixtures of perovskite nanocrystals with different compositions and study the resulting optical and electrical interactions. We report excitation transfer from CsPbCl3 to CsPbI3 in solution and within a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix via photon reabsorption, which also occurs in electrically excited crystals in bulk heterojunction LEDs.

Ab initio chemical kinetics for the ClOO + NO reaction: Effects of temperature and pressure on product branching formation

Science.gov (United States)

Raghunath, P.; Lin, M. C.

2012-07-01

The kinetics and mechanism for the reaction of ClOO with NO have been investigated by ab initio molecular orbital theory calculations based on the CCSD(T)/6-311+G(3df)//PW91PW91/6-311+G(3df) method, employed to evaluate the energetics for the construction of potential energy surfaces and prediction of reaction rate constants. The results show that the reaction can produce two key low energy products ClNO + 3O2 via the direct triplet abstraction path and ClO + NO2 via the association and decomposition mechanism through long-lived singlet pc-ClOONO and ClONO2 intermediates. The yield of ClNO + O2 (1△) from any of the singlet intermediates was found to be negligible because of their high barriers and tight transition states. As both key reactions initially occur barrierlessly, their rate constants were evaluated with a canonical variational approach in our transition state theory and Rice-Ramspergen-Kassel-Marcus/master equation calculations. The rate constants for ClNO + 3O2 and ClO + NO2 production from ClOO + NO can be given by 2.66 × 10-16 T1.91 exp(341/T) (200-700 K) and 1.48 × 10-24 T3.99 exp(1711/T) (200-600 K), respectively, independent of pressure below atmospheric pressure. The predicted total rate constant and the yields of ClNO and NO2 in the temperature range of 200-700 K at 10-760 Torr pressure are in close agreement with available experimental results.

Ultrasonically-enhanced preparation, characterization of CaFe-layered double hydroxides with various interlayer halide, azide and oxo anions (CO32-, NO3-, ClO4-).

Science.gov (United States)

Szabados, Márton; Varga, Gábor; Kónya, Zoltán; Kukovecz, Ákos; Carlson, Stefan; Sipos, Pál; Pálinkó, István

2018-01-01

An ultrasonically-enhanced mechanochemical method was developed to synthesize CaFe-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with various interlayer anions (CO 3 2- , NO 3 - , ClO 4 - , N 3 - , F - , Cl - , Br - and I - ). The duration of pre-milling and ultrasonic irradiation and the variation of synthesis temperature in the wet chemical step were investigated to obtain the optimal parameters of preparation. The main method to characterize the products was X-ray diffractometry, but infrared and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopies as well as thermogravimetric measurements were also used to learn about fine structural details. The synthesis method afforded successful intercalation of the anions, among others the azide anion, a rarely used counter ion providing a system, which enables safe handling the otherwise highly reactive anion. The X-ray absorption spectroscopic measurements revealed that the quality of the interlayered anions could modulate the spatial arrangement of the calcium ions around the iron(III) ions, but only in the second coordination sphere. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis and crystal structures of nitratocobaltates Na2[Co(NO3)4], K2[Co(NO3)4], and Ag[Co(NO3)3] and potassium nitratonickelate K2[Ni(NO3)4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morozov, I. V.; Fedorova, A. A.; Albov, D. V.; Kuznetsova, N. R.; Romanov, I. A.; Rybakov, V. B.; Troyanov, S. I.

2008-01-01

The cobalt(II) and nickel(II) nitrate complexes with an island structure (Na 2 [Co(NO 3 ) 4 ] (I) and K 2 [Co(NO 3 ) 4 ] (II)] and a chain structure [Ag[Co(NO 3 ) 3 ] (III) and K 2 [Ni(NO 3 ) 4 ] (IV)] are synthesized and investigated using X-ray diffraction. In the anionic complex [Co(NO 3 ) 4 ] 2− of the crystal structure of compound I, the Co coordination polyhedron is a twisted tetragonal prism formed by the O atoms of four asymmetric bidentate nitrate groups. In the anion [Co(NO 3 ) 4 ] 2− of the crystal structure of compound II, one of the four NO 3 groups is monodentate and the other NO 3 groups are bidentate (the coordination number of the cobalt atom is equal to seven, and the cobalt coordination polyhedron is a monocapped trigonal prism). The crystal structures of compounds III and IV contain infinite chains of the compositions [Co(NO 3 ) 2 (NO 3 ) 2/2 ] − and [Ni(NO 3 ) 3 (NO 3 ) 2/2 ] 2− , respectively. In the crystal structure of compound III, seven oxygen atoms of one monodentate and three bidentate nitrate groups form a dodecahedron with an unoccupied vertex of the A type around the Co atom. In the crystal structure of compound IV, the octahedral polyhedron of the Ni atom is formed by five nitrate groups, one of which is terminal bidentate. The data on the structure of Co(II) coordination polyhedra in the known nitratocobaltates are generalized.

Synthesis and crystal structures of nitratocobaltates Na2[Co(NO3)4], K2[Co(NO3)4], and Ag[Co(NO3)3] and potassium nitratonickelate K2[Ni(NO3)4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morozov, I. V.; Fedorova, A. A.; Albov, D. V.; Kuznetsova, N. R.; Romanov, I. A.; Rybakov, V. B.; Troyanov, S. I.

2008-01-01

The cobalt(II) and nickel(II) nitrate complexes with an island structure (Na 2 [Co(NO 3 ) 4 ] (I) and K 2 [Co(NO 3 ) 4 ] (II)] and a chain structure [Ag[Co(NO 3 ) 3 ] (III) and K 2 [Ni(NO 3 ) 4 ] (IV)] are synthesized and investigated using X-ray diffraction. In the anionic complex [Co(NO 3 ) 4 ] 2- of the crystal structure of compound I, the Co coordination polyhedron is a twisted tetragonal prism formed by the O atoms of four asymmetric bidentate nitrate groups. In the anion [Co(NO 3 ) 4 ] 2- of the crystal structure of compound II, one of the four NO 3 groups is monodentate and the other NO 3 groups are bidentate (the coordination number of the cobalt atom is equal to seven, and the cobalt coordination polyhedron is a monocapped trigonal prism). The crystal structures of compounds III and IV contain infinite chains of the compositions [Co(NO 3 ) 2 (NO 3 ) 2/2 ] - and [Ni(NO 3 ) 3 (NO 3 ) 2/2 ] 2- , respectively. In the crystal structure of compound III, seven oxygen atoms of one monodentate and three bidentate nitrate groups form a dodecahedron with an unoccupied vertex of the A type around the Co atom. In the crystal structure of compound IV, the octahedral polyhedron of the Ni atom is formed by five nitrate groups, one of which is terminal bidentate. The data on the structure of Co(II) coordination polyhedra in the known nitratocobaltates are generalized

Magnetic Phase Diagram of α-RuCl3

Science.gov (United States)

Sears, Jennifer; Kim, Young-June; Zhao, Yang; Lynn, Jeffrey

The layered honeycomb material α-RuCl3 is thought to possess unusual magnetic interactions including a strong bond-dependent Kitaev term, offering a potential opportunity to study a material near a well understood spin liquid phase. Although this material orders magnetically at low temperatures and is thus not a realization of a Kitaev spin liquid, it does show a broad continuum of magnetic excitations reminiscent of that expected for the spin liquid phase. It has also been proposed that a magnetic field could destabilize the magnetic order in this material and induce a transition into a spin liquid phase. Low temperature magnetization and specific heat measurements in this material have suggested a complex magnetic phase diagram with multiple unidentified magnetic phases present at low temperature. This has provided motivation for our work characterizing the magnetic transitions and phase diagram in α-RuCl3. I will present detailed bulk measurements combined with magnetic neutron diffraction measurements to map out the phase diagram and identify the various phases present.

Reactions of metal oxides with molten NaPO3 + NaCl mixtures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovarskaya, E.N.; Mityakhina, V.S.; Rodionov, Yu.I.; Silin, M.Yu.

1988-01-01

We consider the dissolution mechanism for iron (III), europium(III), and tin(IV) oxides in molten NaPO 3 + NaCl that are responsible for the peak solubilities. We chose Fe 2 O 3 as the basic material since this occurs in large amounts around damaged metal structures in rock salt mines in a proposed zone for storing vitrified radioactive wastes. Solubility measurement and paper chromatography show that Fe 2 O 3 dissolves in molten NaPO 3 + NaCl in air by reaction with the solvent to give double iron and sodium diphosphates and monophosphates in accordance with the initial solution-in-the-melt composition, the degree of equilibration, and the temperature. The elevated solubilities for initial NaCl contents close to 30 mole % are due to sodium triphosphates and tricyclophosphates present in these melts. Moessbauer spectroscopy confirms that double iron, europium and tin diphosphates and monophosphates containing sodium occur in these chloride-polyphosphate melts

Coagulation of landfill leachate by FeCl3: process optimization using Box-Behnken design (RSM)

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Smita S.; Bishnoi, Narsi R.

2017-07-01

FeCl3 coagulation was used to achieve maximum reduction of COD, phosphate, sulfate and color and process optimization (FeCl3 dosage, pH, reaction time) was done by BBD-RSM. Responses were recorded in terms of EC, COD, phosphate, color and sulfate removal. Variables A (pH) and B (reaction time) were negatively related to removal of COD and phosphate, whereas, C (FeCl3 dosage) was positive in case of COD removal and negative for phosphate removal. pH and coagulant dosage had negative relationship with color removal; however, reaction time showed positive relationship. In case of percent sulfate removal, variable A (pH) demonstrated negative relationship whereas B (reaction time) and C (FeCl3 dosage) were found to be positively related. Numerical optimization of the model revealed a maximum reduction of 71, 93, 86 and 99.6 % COD, phosphate, color and sulfate at optimal FeCl3 dosage = 3 g/l, pH 8, and reaction time = 95 min.

SmCL3, a gastrodermal cysteine protease of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jan Dvorák

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma are platyhelminth parasites that infect 200 million people worldwide. Digestion of nutrients from the host bloodstream is essential for parasite development and reproduction. A network of proteolytic enzymes (proteases facilitates hydrolysis of host hemoglobin and serum proteins.We identified a new cathepsin L termed SmCL3 using PCR strategies based on S. mansoni EST sequence data. An ortholog is present in Schistosoma japonicum. SmCL3 was heterologously expressed as an active enzyme in the yeast, Pichia pastoris. Recombinant SmCL3 has a broad pH activity range against peptidyl substrates and is inhibited by Clan CA protease inhibitors. Consistent with a function in degrading host proteins, SmCL3 hydrolyzes serum albumin and hemoglobin, is localized to the adult gastrodermis, and is expressed mainly in those life stages infecting the mammalian host. The predominant form of SmCL3 in the parasite exists as a zymogen, which is unusual for proteases. This zymogen includes an unusually long prodomain with alpha helical secondary structure motifs. The striking specificity of SmCL3 for amino acids with large aromatic side chains (Trp and Tyr at the P2 substrate position, as determined with positional scanning-synthetic combinatorial library, is consistent with a molecular model that shows a large and deep S2 pocket. A sequence similarity network (SSN view clusters SmCL3 and other cathepsins L in accordance with previous large-scale phylogenetic analyses that identify six super kingdoms.SmCL3 is a gut-associated cathepsin L that may contribute to the network of proteases involved in degrading host blood proteins as nutrients. Furthermore, this enzyme exhibits some unusual sequence and biophysical features that may result in additional functions. The visualization of network inter-relationships among cathepsins L suggests that these enzymes are suitable 'marker sequences' for inclusion in future phylogenetic analyses.

Growth of (CH$_3$)$_2$NH$_2$CuCl$_3$ single crystals using evaporation method with different temperatures and solvents

OpenAIRE

Chen, L. M.; Tao, W.; Zhao, Z. Y.; Li, Q. J.; Ke, W. P.; Wang, X. M.; Liu, X. G.; Fan, C.; Sun, X. F.

2013-01-01

The bulk single crystals of of low-dimensional magnet (CH$_3$)$_2$NH$_2$CuCl$_3$ (DMACuCl$_3$ or MCCL) are grown by a slow evaporation method with different kinds of solvents, different degrees of super-saturation of solution and different temperatures of solution, respectively. Among three kinds of solvent, methanol, alcohol and water, alcohol is found to be the best one for growing MCCL crystals because of its structural similarity to the raw materials and suitable evaporation rate. The bes...

The phase diagram of KNO3-KClO3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Xuejun; Tian Jun; Xu Kangcheng; Gao Yici

2004-01-01

The binary phase diagram of KNO 3 -KClO 3 is studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and high-temperature X-ray diffraction. The limited solid solutions, K(NO 3 ) 1-x (ClO 3 ) x (0 3 ) 1-x (ClO 3 ) x (0.90 3 -based solid solutions and KClO 3 -based solid solutions phase, respectively. For KNO 3 -based solid solutions, KNO 3 ferroelectric phase can be stable from 423 to 223 K as a result of substituting of NO 3 by ClO 3 -radicals. The temperatures for solidus and liquidus have been determined based on limited solid solutions. Two models, Henrian solution and regular solution theory for KNO 3 -based (α) phase and KClO 3 -based (β) phase, respectively, are employed to reproduce solidus and liquidus of the phase diagram. The results are in good agreement with the DSC data. The thermodynamic properties for α and β solid solutions have been derived from an optimization procedure using the experimental data. The calculated phase diagram and optimized thermodynamic parameters are thermodynamically self-consistent

Synthesis, structure and optical properties of two isotypic crystals, Na3MO4Cl (M=W, Mo)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Han, Shujuan; Bai, Chunyan; Zhang, Bingbing; Yang, Zhihua; Pan, Shilie

2016-01-01

Two isotypic compounds, Na 3 MO 4 Cl (M = W, Mo) have been obtained from the high temperature solution, and their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both of them crystallize in the space group P4/nmm of tetragonal system with the unit cells: a=7.5181(15), c=5.360(2) for Na 3 WO 4 Cl and a=7.4942(12), c=5.3409(18) for Na 3 MoO 4 Cl. The structure exhibits a 3D network built up by the ClNa 6 groups, and the MO 4 groups reside in the tunnels of the 3D network. The structural similarities and differences between Na 3 MO 4 Cl (M=W, Mo) and Sr 3 MO 4 F (M=Al, Ga) have been discussed. Meanwhile, detailed structure comparison analyses between Na 3 MO 4 Cl (M=W, Mo) and Na 3 MO 4 F (M=W, Mo) indicate that the different connection modes of ClNa 6 and FNa 6 make Na 3 MO 4 Cl and Na 3 MO 4 F crystallize in different structures. The IR spectra were used to verify the validity of the structure. The diffuse reflectance spectra show that the UV absorption edges are about 249 nm (4.99 eV) and 265 nm (4.69 eV) for Na 3 WO 4 Cl and Na 3 MoO 4 Cl, respectively. In addition, the first-principles theoretical studies are also carried out to aid the understanding of electronic structures and linear optical properties. - Graphical abstract: Two isotypic compounds, Na 3 MO 4 Cl (M=W, Mo) have been obtained from the high temperature solution. Both of them crystallize in the space group P4/nmm of tetragonal system. The structure exhibits a 3D network built up by the ClNa 6 groups, and the MO 4 groups reside in the tunnels of the 3D network. - Highlights: • Structure and properties of Na 3 MO 4 Cl (M=W, Mo) are reported for the first time. • They show a 3D network built by ClNa 6 , and WO 4 lies in the tunnels of the network. • IR spectra were used to verify the validity of the structure. • Band structures and density of states have been calculated.

Evidence for a Field-induced Quantum Spin Liquid in $\\alpha$-RuCl$_3$

OpenAIRE

Baek, S. -H.; Do, S. -H.; Choi, K. -Y.; Kwon, Y. S.; Wolter, A. U. B.; Nishimoto, S.; Brink, Jeroen van den; Büchner, B.

2017-01-01

We report a $^{35}$Cl nuclear magnetic resonance study in the honeycomb lattice, $\\alpha$-RuCl$_3$, a material that has been suggested to potentially realize a Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL) ground state. Our results provide direct evidence that $\\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ exhibits a magnetic field-induced QSL. For fields larger than $\\sim 10$ T a spin-gap opens up while resonance lines remain sharp, evidencing that spins are quantum disordered and locally fluctuating. The spin gap increases linearly...

ClC-K chloride channels: emerging pathophysiology of Bartter syndrome type 3.

Science.gov (United States)

Andrini, Olga; Keck, Mathilde; Briones, Rodolfo; Lourdel, Stéphane; Vargas-Poussou, Rosa; Teulon, Jacques

2015-06-15

The mutations in the CLCNKB gene encoding the ClC-Kb chloride channel are responsible for Bartter syndrome type 3, one of the four variants of Bartter syndrome in the genetically based nomenclature. All forms of Bartter syndrome are characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and secondary hyperaldosteronism, but Bartter syndrome type 3 has the most heterogeneous presentation, extending from severe to very mild. A relatively large number of CLCNKB mutations have been reported, including gene deletions and nonsense or missense mutations. However, only 20 CLCNKB mutations have been functionally analyzed, due to technical difficulties regarding ClC-Kb functional expression in heterologous systems. This review provides an overview of recent progress in the functional consequences of CLCNKB mutations on ClC-Kb chloride channel activity. It has been observed that 1) all ClC-Kb mutants have an impaired expression at the membrane; and 2) a minority of the mutants combines reduced membrane expression with altered pH-dependent channel gating. Although further investigation is needed to fully characterize disease pathogenesis, Bartter syndrome type 3 probably belongs to the large family of conformational diseases, in which the mutations destabilize channel structure, inducing ClC-Kb retention in the endoplasmic reticulum and accelerated channel degradation. Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society.