Konceptutveckling av ett nytt utomhusgym med träningsredskap för offentlig utemiljö

OpenAIRE

Persson, Madeleine; Hammargren, Ellen

2013-01-01

I dagsläget är en stillasittande livsstil med inget eller endast litet inslag av fysisk aktivitet vanligt förekommande. Med sin slogan – Inspiring all generations – vill HAGS Aneby AB bjuda in alla generationer till fysisk aktivitet genom sina produkter inom lek, sport och fitness. Genom att styrka idén om utomhusgym kan den fysiska aktiviteten ökas – användare ska vilja använda utomhusgym och kunder ska vilja köpa in utomhusgym. Önskemålet är att skapa attraktiva platser som stödjer fysisk a...

Increased growth in environmental technology; Oekad tillvaext inom miljoeteknik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

2011-07-01

The Swedish Energy Agency has received a government commission, after consultation with the Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA) and other relevant actors. The commission is to develop proposals on how the actions for strengthening collaboration and increased communication between agencies, innovators, entrepreneurs and business angels and venture capitalists among others can be designed in environmental technology with a focus on early commercial stages. The largest part of the environmental technology sector consists of energy related technology

Säker lyftteknik inom akutvården : Ett produktutvecklingsarbete

OpenAIRE

Kullberg, Björn

2015-01-01

Det här examensarbetet är ett utvecklingsarbete beställt av APSLC. Examensarbetets slutprodukt är en Power Point-fil som presenterar teori om säkra lyfttekni-ker samt visar modellutföranden för grunderna i säkra lyfttekniker. Avsikten för själva examensarbetet är att producera ett självstudiematerial av så hög kvalitét att det kan användas av akutvårdslinjen vid Arcada. Målet med slutprodukten är att öka akutvårdsstuderandes kunskaper om säkra lyfttekniker, så att studerande genom propriocept...

Fascians funktion och olika fysioterapeutiska interventioners effekt på fascian

OpenAIRE

Hackman, Mikaela

2017-01-01

Fasciabehandlingar är ett relativt nytt område inom fysioterapin, även om intresse för ämnet funnits redan under antikens tid. Forskningsmetoderna har i dag blivit bättre och vi kan undersöka vävnader som varit omöjliga att undersöka tidigare, på grund av tek-nikbrist. Syftet med det här arbetet är att ta reda på vad forskningen idag kommit fram till i fråga om fascia, ffa då det handlar om smärta, och hur fysioterapeuten kan ha nytta av kunskapen vid behandling av klienter. Den första forskn...

Webb Couture : En studie om hur modedesign kan inspirera och förändra webbdesignprocessen för att utmana User Experience standarder

OpenAIRE

Carlfjord, Adam; Gustavsson, Henrik

2015-01-01

Webbdesign är ett hantverk med potential till oändlig variation och oräkneliga möjligheter, men det är även en process styrd av standarder och förhållningssätt för att optimera resultatet för slutanvändaren. Begrepp så som user experience och framför allt user experience design har i och med utvecklingen blivit allt viktigare aktörer inom webbdesign. Samtidigt som de underlättar i utvecklingsprocessen genom att diktera hur design bör utformas, skapar de inte också då begränsningar av potentia...

Waste heat recovery from SSAB’s Steel plant in Oxelösund using a Heat Pump

OpenAIRE

Abbas Sohani, Amir

2016-01-01

Detta projekt är inriktat på spillvärmepotentialer inom järn och stålindustrin. Högtemperaturvärme-pumpar för medelvarma temperaturkällor har modellerats. SSABs stålverk i Oxelusund har använts som exempel. Järn- och stålindustrin i Sverige är storkonsument av energi, tillsammans med pappers och massaindustrin. Det finns också en stor potential för spillvärmeåtervinning i stålindustrin. Det görs redan i Luleå t ex [1]. Järn och stålindustrins produktionsmetoder och spillvärmeåtervinning, spec...

Ett företag utifrån en kundsynvinkel - Team Kitchen Ab

OpenAIRE

Dristig, Oscar

2011-01-01

Uppdragsgivaren för detta examensarbete är företaget Team Kitchen Ab vars huvudsakliga verksamhetsområde är ordnandet av matlagningskurser för både privata samt företagskunder. Syftet med arbetet är att redogöra för och mäta kundtillfredställelse och tjänstekvalitet hos uppdragsgivaren samt att redogöra för förbättrings-, och utvecklingsmöjligheter inom företagets tjänster och verksamhet. Teorier som behandlas i detta arbete är kvalitet och processer av bl.a. Lecklin och Edvardsson, SERVQUAL ...

Kundnöjdheten i Hotel Anna

OpenAIRE

Boije, Daniel

2014-01-01

I dagens läge värderas kundrelationer högt inom marknadsföringen. Kundnöjdhet förknippas med lönsamhet och ses som en långsiktig investering. Hotel Anna är ett litet hotell i centrala Helsingfors och fungerar som min uppdragsgivare. Syftet med detta arbete är att utreda kundnöjdheten samt hur kundbetjäning och kvalitet upplevs i hotellet. Delsyftet är också att hitta kundnöjdhets förbättringsförslag för hotellet. Den teoretiska referensramen består av teori som behandlar tjänster, kvalitet, k...

DVOJNA OBDAVČITEV DOHODKOV V EU IN V SLOVENIJI IN NJEN VPLIV NA MIGRACIJSKE TOKOVE

OpenAIRE

Smrečnik, Sabina

2017-01-01

Vse več ljudi se zaradi vedno lažjega načina selitev in osebnih ali kakršnih koli drugih razlogov odloča, da se preselijo v drugo državo. Pri tem se soočajo z različnimi težavami, drugačno kulturo, tujim jezikom, spremenjenim načinom življenja in tudi z ureditvijo rezidentstva ter dvojnimi davki. Migracije poznamo že iz zgodovine. Ljudje so se zaradi najrazličnejših vzrokov preseljevali. Tudi danes se veliko selimo, naj gre le za vsakodnevne migracije iz kraja v kraj oziroma med bližnjimi ...

Kauppakaveri : Tjänsteutveckling åt de äldre

OpenAIRE

Haarala, Eveliina

2013-01-01

Det verkar som att tjänsteutveckling på senare tid blivit något som man anser trendigt. Jag deltog i ett par kurser i ämnet som var samordnade med Arcada och Svenska social- och kommunalhögskolan. I den ena av kurserna fick jag delta i en tjänsteutvecklingsprocess. Det här examensarbetets syfte är att rapportera om utvecklingsprocessen för en tjänst som är formgiven åt åldringar. Problemområdet i arbetet ligger inom de ensamma åldringarna och affärslivet som borde vakna upp och betjäna dem me...

Kaffekvalité - Ett hett ämne

OpenAIRE

Sundberg, My; Eidman, Sofia

2015-01-01

Intresset för hälsa har lett till att konsumenter efterfrågar högre kvalité där fokus inte längre enbart är pris. Allt eftersom kvalité hamnar i centrum är det intressant att undersöka hur kvalité skapas. En produkt som tydligt följer denna trend är kaffe. Denna uppsats ämnar undersöka hur svenska kafferosterier skapar kvalité på kaffe genom en studie av sex rosterier av varierande storlek i Sverige. Studien följer en kvalitativ struktur som utformats efter en av de dominerande teorierna inom...

Identifiering av immateriella tillgångar vid rörelseförvärv : Har branschtillhörigheten någon betydelse?

OpenAIRE

Barhanko, Daniella; Lindholm, Linus; Örtenvik, Mikael

2013-01-01

Bakgrund: Identifiering av immateriella tillgångar har visat sig vara ett problemfyllt område både för företagen och andra utövare. Tidigare studier har visat på att en stor del av köpeskillingen fördelats till goodwill vilket delvis kan vara ett resultat av immateriella tillgångar inte identifieras i tillräcklig utsträckning. Det har även påpekats att det finns ett stort svängrum inom regelverket som tillåter mycket individuella bedömningar.   Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka om det finns skil...

Nudge; en knuff i rätt riktning? : Ett beteendeekonomiskt experiment om svenskars attityder till nudge

OpenAIRE

Öqvist, Johanna; Bergfelt, Petra

2015-01-01

Beteendeinterventioner – så kallade nudge – syftar till att få individer att ta beslut som är gynnsamma både för individ och samhälle genom att göra subtila förändringar i den miljö inom vilken individer tar beslut. Beslutsfattare världen över har börjat använda nudge som ytterligare ett policy-verktyg. Nudge har emellertid kritiserats för dess tvivelaktiga etiska principer och debatten om nudge har i stort sett fortskridit utan inflytande från allmänheten. För i vilken utsträckning anses nud...

E-shop 'til you drop : En studie över e-handlares anpassning av den fysiska köpprocessen till ett virtuellt sammanhang

OpenAIRE

Alcazar, Alexander; Kastås, Sandra

2011-01-01

Denna magisteruppsats behandlar e-handlares anpassning av en fysisk köpprocess till en virtuell. Med detta syftar vi mer specifikt på e-handlare av modekläder som i högre grad är beroende av en fysisk köpprocess. Vår frågeställning var således: Hur gör e-handlare inom klädbranschen för att anpassa den fysiska köpprocessen till ett virtuellt sammanhang? För att undersöka detta använde vi oss av Overbys artikel "Process Virtualization Theory and the Impact of Information Technology" från 2008 d...

Musikbranschen i förändring : Artistens möjligheter med och utan skivbolag

OpenAIRE

Järnström, Sofia Maria

2011-01-01

Syftet med mitt examensarbete är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning artister kan nå en publik utan att ingå ett skivkontrakt och att klargöra för vilka kanaler som finns tillgäng-liga för självständig marknadsföring. Undersökningen är kvalitativ och jag kommer att fokusera på fyra intervjuer med personer inom branschen. Jag fokuserar på dessa frågor: 1) Hur kan en artist nå ut med sin musik, utan att ha ett skivbolag bakom sig som marknadsförare och distributör? 2) Vilka nya...

Procurement principles and vendor management in technological start-up companies

OpenAIRE

Jakobsson, Charlotta

2016-01-01

Denna studie är kopplad till direkta inköp inom teknologiska startup företag. Målet med studien är att undersöka vilka direktupphandlingsmetoder teknologiska startup företag använder sig avsamt att få reda på hur de sköter sina leverantörförhållanden. Ett vidare mål är att och på basis av resultaten ta fram inköpsrekommendationer för företagen och för Salusfin. Forskningen är begränsad till teknologiska startup företag samt deras direktupphandlings aktiviteter, och kan inte med säkerhet gener...

Stereotyper: en omedveten kategorisering. : En jämlikhetsanalys av Intryck- Värmlands landstings personaltidning

OpenAIRE

Åhlander, Karolina; Jost, Anna

2014-01-01

Jämlikhet är något som ligger i tiden. Hur jämlikhetsmedvetna är egentligen dagens medier? Vi har på uppdrag av Värmlandslandsting gjort en jämlikhetanalys av deras personaltidning, Intryck. En tidning som når samtliga anställda inom organisationen. Vi har gjort en text- och bildanalys med utgångspunkt från ett analysverktyg vi kallar för jämlikhetstrappan. Vårt syfte har varit att urskilja stereotyper och om tidningen använder sig av sitt befintliga underlag för att göra tidningen så jämlik ...

Flygande mat - kabinpersonals måltidssituation

OpenAIRE

Johansson, Johanna; Hugosson, Ellen

2015-01-01

Inledning Yrket som kabinanställd inom flyget präglas av serviceanda och ansvar för passagerares säkerhet. Arbetsmiljön innebär fysiska påfrestningar vad gäller till exempel kabintryck och låg syrenivå. Mat och måltider intas under olika tider på dygnet och infaller sällan på normala måltidstider. Kabinpersonalens måltider regleras av regler, avtal och policyer rörande arbetstidens längd. Syfte Syftet var att undersöka kabinpersonalens måltider under arbetstid, med fokus på riktlinjer och pol...

Att inte bara älska, utan också respektera : - En litteraturstudie om respektens betydelse i barnets uppväxt

OpenAIRE

Aspholm, Matilda

2010-01-01

Syftet med denna studie var att förstå respektens betydelse i barnets uppväxt och för familjens samspel samt att få reda på hur man kan förmedla respekt genom fostran och samspel. Syftet var också att granska ifall det finns motsvarigheter mellan de vetenskapliga fostringsteorierna och innehållet i fostringsböcker, som är riktade till föräldrar. Barns rättigheter och lagstiftning inom området tas upp som grund för arbetet. Den teoretiska referensramen består av socialt samspel, föräldrask...

I nöd och lust : En praktisk studie om hållbara bröllopssminkningar inspirerat av årstidernas färger

OpenAIRE

Guldbrand, Ida

2016-01-01

Syftet med detta arbete är att beskriva med vilka sminktekniker och produkter man får till hållbara bröllopssminkningar inspirerade av årstidernas färger, för att visa hur färger, tekniker och produkter anpassas i bröllopssminkningar. Detta för att visa de egna kunskaperna inom området och för att kunna inspirera blivande brudar. Arbetet kommer även vara till nytta för estenomer, branschmänniskor och andra människor som är intresserade av området då de också kan inspireras av arbetet. So...

I betraktarens ögon – Betydelsen av kön och ålder för studenters läraromdömen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martin Karlsson

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Under senare år har studenters läraromdömen allt mer hamnat i fokus inom skola såväl som högre utbildning. Parallellt med dessa utvecklingar har olika typer av internettjänster genom vilka studenter kan betygsätta sina lärare dykt upp i flera länder. I Sverige lanserades 2008 tjänsten ”Studenter tycker till” (STT där studenter kan registrera sig och fylla i bedömningar av lärare enligt kriterierna utlärningsförmåga, kunskap, engagemang och lärandestöd. I denna studie undersöks betydelsen av lärarens kön och ålder för studenters läraromdömen genom en kvantitativ analys av omdömen av 98 högskole- och universitetslärare som givits på hemsidan STT. Syftet är att synliggöra hur sociala markörer, i detta fall om läraren är man eller kvinna, ung eller gammal, spelar en stor roll för hur en lärare utvärderas. Resultaten visar att kvinnor och unga lärare systematiskt ges lägre betyg av studenter, än män och äldre lärare. Studenter är således inte könsblinda eller oberoende av föreställningar om förhållandet mellan ålder och kompetens i sina bedömningar. Studien aktualiserar betydelsen av sociala markörer så som kön och ålder måste synliggöras och tas i beaktning när studenters utvärderingar av lärare och kurser behandlas inom högre utbildning.

Let’s Play – Why watch? : En enkätundersökning om Let’s Play genren på YouTube

OpenAIRE

Havia, Mats

2017-01-01

Detta examensarbete är en webbundersökning inom Let’s Play genren på YouTube. Målet var att göra en forskning som svara på frågan ”Vilka är orsakerna till att man tittar på Let’s Play videor på YouTube?”. För att få svar på denna forskningsfråga användes Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT). UGT baserar sig på att människor aktivt söker efter specifika medier och innehåll för att få specifika tillfredställelser eller resultat. Som litteratur användes Introducing Communications Theory, kapitel...

Skattetillägg i internprissättningsprocesser : En studie av begreppet oriktig uppgift

OpenAIRE

Baaz, Christoffer; Wahlbeck, Cesar

2009-01-01

Av globaliseringen följer en ökad handel mellan stater och inom multinationella koncer-ner där så kallade internprissättning sker. Genom internprissättningen ser företagen en möjlighet att överföra vinster till lågbeskattade länder. För att förhindra detta har regler som ska se till att marknadsmässiga villkor styr prissättningen upprättats. De svenska bestämmelserna för internprissättning utgår från korrigeringsregeln i 14 kap. 19 IL som ger uttryck för armlängdsprincipen. Principen innebär ...

Kreativitet och innovation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Madsen, Jacob Østergaard; Skov, Hanne

2016-01-01

Kreativitet i arbetsterapi beskriver och analyserar kreativitetens många uttryck ur flera olika perspektiv: dels som en etablerad dimension av arbetsterapeutiska arbetsmetoder och yrkeskunskap, dels som en aktuell och efterfrågad grund för ny utveckling och innovation inom framtidens vård. Boken...... innehåller många praktiska exempel på hur vi kan se krea­tiviteten i arbetsterapeutens arbete såväl med klienter som när det gäller de system och den miljö människor lever och arbetar i. Boken beskriver också hur arbetsterapeuter arbetar och tänker kreativt samt hur de använder sig av kreativa strategier...

Millennials : Hur företag ska arbeta med styrning för att behålla den nya generationen

OpenAIRE

Lemchen, Gabriella; Gjärdman, Alexander

2017-01-01

Generationen millennials ses av många ledare som lata, krävande men även illojala. Vilket har gjort det svårt för många företag att leda, styra samt förankra dem. Anledningen grundar sig mångt och mycket i en generationskrock där ledare ur de äldre generationerna inte vet hur de ska styra den yngre generationen. Millennials är framstående inom kunskapsintensiva tjänsteföretag idag och är även den generation som byter arbetsgivare mer frekvent än tidigare generationer. Det är därför vitalt för...

Kundundersökning i restaurangen vid Hotel Red & Green

OpenAIRE

Vikstrand, Victoria

2015-01-01

Lärdomsprovets syfte är att undersöka kundnöjdheten på Hotel Red & Green i Närpes. Undersökningen är begränsad till restaurangdelen. Därmed omfattar undersökningen inte frågor som berör inkvarteringen. Eftersom detta är en primärundersökning inom företaget så undersöks i huvudsak kundnöjdheten på allmän nivå. Den teoretiska referensramen behandlar först case företaget Hotel Red & Green och dess verksamhet. Därefter förklaras servicens betydelse för ett tjänsteföretag. Där klargörs vad en kund...

Hur förklaras karriärbyten bland revisorsassistenter? : en jämförande studie av uppfattningar mellan nuvarande och före detta revisorsassistenter

OpenAIRE

Friberg, Josefine; Gertsson, Nellie

2014-01-01

Personalomsättningen inom revisionsbranschen är ett viktigt ämne eftersom revisionsbyråerna behöver hålla kvar kvalificerad personal med hög kompetens för att kunna upprätthålla god revisionskvalitet. Eftersom revisorsprofessionen anses vara ett prestigefyllt yrke med höga inträdesbarriärer är det viktigt att ifrågasätta varför någon som väl kommit in väljer att lämna. Syftet med uppsatsen är att förklara vad som påverkar karriärbyten bland revisorsassistenter. Detta kan bidra till en bättre ...

Kontrolsport

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christiansen, Ask Vest

2009-01-01

http://www.idrottsforum.org/features/chrask/chrask090923.html  Svensk intro: Kampen mot dopning inom idrotten har trappats upp betydligt på senare tid. Statistik från World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) pekar i och för sig i en annan riktning; i kvantitativa mått mätt tycks antalet tester ha minskat...... substanser, och i samma område verkar de stora idrottsorganisationerna. Och de senare uppvisar en ibland närmast fanatisk hållning; följande citat av Lamine Diack, president i Internationella friidrottsförbundet är belysande: ”The IAAF will use every method available to it in the next 5 months to chase down...

Characterization and Modeling of SiC Integrated Circuits for Harsh Environment

OpenAIRE

Kimoto, Daiki

2017-01-01

Elektronik för extrema miljöer, som kan användas vid hög temperatur, hög strålning och omgivning med frätande gaser, har varit starkt önskvärd vid utforskning av rymden och övervakning av kärnreaktorer. Kiselkarbid (SiC) är en av kandidaterna inom material för extrema miljöer på grund av sin höga temperatur- och höga strålnings-tolerans. Syftet med denna avhandling är att karakterisera 4H-SiC MOSFETar vid hög temperatur och att konstruera SPICE modeller för 4H-SiC MOSFETar. MOSFET-transistore...

EU:s nya varumärkesdefinition : En utredning av vad borttagandet av kravet på grafisk återgivning kommer att innebära för möjligheten att registrera okonventionella varumärken

OpenAIRE

Fredriksson, Mathilda; Petersson, Frida

2017-01-01

Sedan det första steget togs mot en harmoniserad varumärkesrätt inom EU har grafisk återgivning varit ett krav vid registrering av varumärken, men kravet på grafisk återgivning försvinner i och med EU:s nya varumärkesreform. Syftet med denna uppsats är att belysa och utreda vad detta kommer att innebära för möjligheten att registrera okonventionella varumärken. Utredningen är inriktad på följande okonventionella varumärken: doftmärken, smakmärken, ljudmärken, känselmärken, rörelsemärken och h...

Sambandet mellan Theory of Mind, språkliga förmågor och exekutiva funktioner hos barn i treårsåldern

OpenAIRE

Nilsson, Anna; Sirén, Ellen

2015-01-01

Barns fem första levnadsår präglas av en omfattande utveckling av språkliga förmågor och exekutiva funktioner, vilka är färdigheter som visat sig ha en stor påverkan på hur barn utvecklar förståelse för sina egna och andras tankar, det vill säga deras Theory of Mind. En central aspekt inom forskning har varit att undersöka hur förmågorna samvarierar vid olika åldrar. Syftet i föreliggande studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan Theory of Mind, språkliga förmågor och exekutiva funktioner hos...

Införandet av IAS 41 : Hur har kapitalfördelningen mellan intressenter i den norska laxodlingsbranschen utvecklats?

OpenAIRE

Dahlén, Jonas; Josefsson, Carl

2013-01-01

Införandet av IAS 41 medförde att redovisningsprinciperna för värderingen av ett företags biologiska tillgångar förändrades. Det finns forskning på hur införandet av IAS 41 påverkat olika aktörer inom skogsindustrin men lite är skrivet om dess påverkan på laxodlingsindustrin. Denna uppsats ämnar undersöka hur kapitalfördelningen till intressenter utvecklats sedan införandet av IAS 41. Studien fokuserar på intressenterna ägare och anställda. Vi har tillämpat en kvantitativ metod där vår empiri...

Standardization in SEK/IEC 2012; Standardisering inom SEK/IEC 2012

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Olausson, Susanne

2013-02-15

This report describes the work of standardization in the electrotechnical area and collaboration in selected committees of SEK, IEC and CENELEC. Electrotechnical standardization is traditionally an area characterized of large international collaboration, cooperation between government agencies, manufacturers and users. Standardization work has previously been a natural part of power companies' activities related to the extensive expansion activities, own construction business and to generally maintain a good knowledge base of staff. Taking part in the establishment of standards have been a good way to ensure long-term approach made in investments and a guarantee of open competition between manufacturers. Maintenance efforts have also been reduced by using established standards. The acceleration of technological progress has, however, increased pressure on standardization organizations, committee work etc. to keep up with time before the de facto standards have been applied in excessive degree. Reregulation of the electricity market in Sweden has also led to a difference in the standardization process. An increasing number of experts who have worked with standards is currently located at power companies consultancy activities. What was once a natural part of the power companies' internal skills provision today are exposed to a commercial assessment. In 1994 Elforsk was appointed by the owners the task of coordinating the power companies' joint standardization work within specifically electrical engineering. After an initial assessment of the activities was decided that remunera would be paid to the members in SEK, IEC and CENELEC who either participated in selected projects with international character or was either secretary or chairman of the Swedish technical committees (SEK)

Användning av djur inom arbetsterapi : En systematisk litteraturstudie

OpenAIRE

Niklasson, Emma; Smålander, Sofia

2011-01-01

Arbetsterapi ämnar möjliggöra utförande av meningsfulla aktiviteter för klienter. Djur ger positiva effekter på människans fysiska, mentala och sociala funktioner som kan öka dennes aktivitetsförmåga, vilket är en förutsättning för aktivitetsutförande. Syftet var att kartlägga forskning kring djur i relation till arbetsterapi samt betydelsen djuren har på individens aktivitetsliv. Metoden var en systematisk litteratursökning som gjordes med 14 valda sökord i sju databaser som slutligen gav 15...

Kunskapsöverföring inom franchisenätverk : En studie av utveckling och överföring av kunskap inom franchisenätverk

OpenAIRE

Vilhelmsson, Lars-Erik; Carlsson, Josef

2010-01-01

This case study has been conducted within the Swedish fitness chain World Class to explore the opportunities for knowledge development and transfers within franchise networks. We have interviewed the product manager at the World Class headquarter, the owner of a franchise club and a local product manager from the same facility. Our finding indicates that various forms of knowledge transfer occur within the World Class network, particularly in product development and sales. The transfer occurs...

Sällskapsdjurens betydelse för de äldres välbefinnande

OpenAIRE

Gäddnäs, Emma

2016-01-01

Denna studie undersöker sällskapsdjurens betydelse för de äldres välbefinnande. Syftet med studien är att diskutera vad sällskapsdjur betyder för de äldres välbefinnande och vad djur kan betyda för de äldre som bor på äldreboende. Frågeställningarna i studien lyder ”Vilken betydelse har sällskapsdjur för de äldres välbefinnande och deras känsla av delaktighet?” och ”Vilken betydelse har sällskapsdjur inom äldreomsorgen?” Metoden som används för att svara på frågeställningarna är både tidigare...

Bildskapande i relation till genus i förskolans verksamhet : Att skapa sig själv och genus

OpenAIRE

Brännlund, Angelika

2018-01-01

Studiens syfte är att bidra till ökad medvetenhet för verksamma inom förskolans område kring frågor som rör pedagogers förhållningssätt kring relationen mellan bildskapande och genus, men även hur dessa förhållningssätt kan påverka barnens möjligheter i deras bildskapande. En viktig fråga som burits med från starten av arbetet och som lyser igenom i resultatdelen har varit: Vilka möjligheter att förhålla sig till bildskapande och genus kan uppstå om ett kritiskt sätt att tänka kring könsstere...

Norges Landsprofil : – En guide för privatpersoner

OpenAIRE

Högnabba, Linda-Mari; Nabb, Johan

2010-01-01

Norge är ett mycket attraktiv land för den arbetssökande som vill pröva på något nytt och få arbetserfarenhet inom olika yrken. Folk från Finland har sedan länge tillbaka åkt till Norge för att tjäna mer pengar och det har många också lyckats med. I detta arbete behandlas de svårigheter och problem som eventuellt kan uppkomma samt hur man skall gå tillväga när man ansöker eller fått anställning. Vi tar även upp problem som kan uppstå vid en eventuell återkomst till Finland eller om man fast b...

Elektronisk bokföring : Case: Kb Bokföringbyrå Esse Tilitoimisto Ky

OpenAIRE

Sahlberg, Rikhard

2016-01-01

Elektronisk bokföring börjar i dagens läge bli allt mer vanligt hos större företag, men även mindre företag har börjat inse fördelarna och börjat ändra på sina system. Kort sagt är det meningen att elektronisk bokföring skall göra alla processer inom bokföringen automatiska så långt som möjligt, för att effektivera jobbet. Den huvudsakliga poängen med elektronisk bokföring är att all bokföring och bokföringsmaterial behandlas i elektroniskt format, det vill säga inköps- och försäljningsfaktur...

Flerspråkighet inom lärarutbildningen - ett perspektiv som saknas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marie Carlson

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Multilingualism in teacher education – a missing perspective.This article is based on fieldwork within teacher education. Questions were asked about how student teachers are prepared for work/employment in an educational system characterized by pluralism in terms of multilingualism and a second-language perspective. Is a multilingual perspective presented in teacher education as a competence for some or for all? The answers can be seen as fairly meagre, but this also tells something more general about how issues about language and pluralism are regarded. Perspectives on multilingualism and second language acquisition (if and when they arementioned are often related in various ways to “the Others” and to a“deficiency perspective”. These topics are dealt with in the first part of the article. In next section discussing multilingualism, also seen as an asset, we encounter actors mostly within the field of linguistics. Didactic aspects as well as questions of identity are highlighted. The article ends with a morecomprehensive discussion on multilingualism, second-language perspective and governance/policy documents. Teacher education appears to be fairly national(ist, in spite of recurring talk about increasing globalization, and internationalization.

Att arbeta med hög servicekvalitet inom säsongsproblematik

OpenAIRE

Princis, Kim

2017-01-01

The research has studied a middle-sized organisation running hospitality services in a Nordic winterseason town. The purpose has been to study how high quality of service can be attained within seasonality problematics. Seasonality problematics generally include high turn-over of employees, the need to frequently adapt labor to demand and an instability in revenue. In total 21 interviews has been conducted with management, employees and customers, and combined with a survey of 50 respondents ...

Growth potential in the renewable energy sector. How Sweden can stimulate for renewable energy; Tillvaextpotential inom sektorn foernybar energi. Saa kan Sverige oeka tillvaexten inom foernybar energi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

2009-07-01

The renewable energy sector has a huge potential worldwide. There will be opportunities for companies operating in the sector. The big question from a growth perspective is actually: How can the Swedish industry and Swedish companies take as large a market share of this sector as possible? The Swedish market is small relative to many other markets - which can be a barrier for companies to grow organically in a domestic market. Sweden still has, compared to the rest of Europe, relatively low electricity prices resulting in reduced profitability for wind farms or solar installations. Sweden has large power production facilities in the form of hydro and nuclear power plants. The electricity network is constructed or adapted for this type of large-scale production and it will require investment in the electricity grid to facilitate connection of other power generation units such as wind power and solar cells. Some countries have chosen to create fictitious markets using a system which provides a demand for non-commercial technologies and thus driving technology development. One example is Germany, where producers of renewable electricity are guaranteed a technology-specific sales price. This could be implemented in Sweden, but from a macroeconomic perspective, the Swedish companies should be given opportunities to exploit the markets that are already created, as if they were their home markets. All sectors surveyed in this study have shown that there are some large companies, a few medium-sized enterprises and many small businesses. This structure is often described as 'hourglass structure' and has existed for many years in Sweden. Industrial activities are operated in increasingly global way, and national aspects of decision-making get an increasingly secondary role, in relation to aspects of profitability and growth . Emerging businesses need to be greater than previously in order to act internationally concerning both technology and market. The government's role in this should be to make it easier for companies to take a place on the international scene and ensure that the barriers are as few and as low as possible. On a stage where the ownership of the top of the hourglass structure is internationalized and companies in the bottom are exposed to international competition there should exist a great potential for the small companies to benefit from globalization in the larger companies, and thus broaden the hourglass waist . The growth potential in a national perspective increases with the ability to create conditions for small firms to grow and become medium sized. In this report, a number of obstacles are identified, that, if reduced or eliminated, can contribute to the growth of Swedish companies operating in the sector of renewable energy. The report presents 14 potential measures to reduce these barriers. Action 1 - expertise in renewable energy; Action 2 - risk capital for early innovation in the energy sector; Action 3 - support from EKN, The Swedish Export Credits Guarantee Board, to companies with export potential early; Action 4 - nodes for international expansion; Action 5 - complement electricity system; Action 6 - guidance in the innovation; Action 7 - the standard fee for small-scale electricity generation; Action 8 - skills support to municipalities in respect of renewable energy; Action 9 - targeted information to investors, banks and planners regarding electricity system; Action 10 - an investigation of levels in electricity meters; Action 11 - an investigation concerning the levying tax for wind power; Action 12 - an investigation into tax incentives for private investors; Action 13 - investigation into the construction permit for e.g. solar plants on rooftops; Action 14 - the energy consumption requirements for new construction and reconstruction

Some estimated effects of the planned harnessing of the Ounasjoki river on reindeer husbandry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pirkko Nieminen

1983-05-01

lisaksi tulvaniittyjen hcinåtuotto (noin 25 000 — 30 000 mk/vuosi menetettåisiin. Uusicn estcaitO|en rakentamiseen tarvittaisiin Ounasjoki-alucen paliskunnissa 6,2 milj. mk.Ounasjoki-projektets eventuella foljder på renskotseln.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Vattendragens uttnytjande for production av el-kraft har forstord renbetesmarker och forsvårat renarnas mojlighet att rora sig fritt i Finland. Som exempel hårav må nåmnas byggnadsprojekten for Lokka och Porttipahta regleringsreservoarer (inalles 630 km2 fr.o.m. borjan av 1960-talet inom Lappi renbeteslag. Ounasjoki-projektet omfattar 10 kraftverk samt 2 stora och 12 mindre reservoarer (inalles 270 km2. Byggnadsprojektcts influensområde skulle omfatta 1070 renågarens hushåll inom 7 renbeteslag. Genom att anvånda tre olika råkncsått kommer man till ett resultat, att man skulle bli tvungen att forminska maksimalt 476, 2824 och 9900 renar (ett kottproduction på ca. 0.12-2.5 million FIM/år och skulle mista 64 året rundt anvåndbara arbetsplatser och dessutom bli lidande av flere olika slags damage (forstorda stångslen osv. med ett varde på ca. 3.9 million FIM. Två rcncgendomar skulle bli f5rstorda (0.5 million FIM och dessutom skulle man forlora flodångarnas hoskord (25 000 - 30 000 PTM/år. Inom Ounasjoki-områdets renbeteslag skulle man behova 6.2 million FIM for uppråttande av nya stångsel på området.

Guide för referenshantering : APA-manual inom Barn- och ungdomsvetenskap (BUVA)

OpenAIRE

Engdahl, Ingrid

2014-01-01

Denna guide behandlar först hur du enligt APA refererar i löpande text och därefter hur man skriver en referenslista. För en komplett guide till APA Style hänvisas till Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (American Psychological Association, 2010) eller till hemsidan http://www.apastyle.org, där det finns tydlig introduktion i ljud och bild till APA Style.

Data for modern boilers used in co-combustion; Moderna panndata inom samfoerbraenning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thorson, Ola [S.E.P. Scandinavian Energy Project AB, Goeteborg (Sweden)

2004-04-01

This project is a survey and a description of today's technical status and future development trends in the field of co-combustion. The survey is done from an energy production company's point of view and two technical questions have been studied; the possibilities for high steam data and the possibilities for a wide load range. These parameters are limited by the corrosive properties of the fuel and the environmental requirements in the EU directive for combustion of waste. In the report following issues are discussed: Examples of and experiences from co-combustion plants and plants that combust problematic fuels and have high steam data. A future prospect of high steam data in co-combustion plants by the usage of modern technical solutions and a description of these solutions. Important research and development results from combustion of problematic fuels in combination with high steam data. Choice of firing technology, boiler design and auxiliary systems and its affection on the load range in a boiler for co-combustion. A literature survey has been done to get the latest results from combustion of problematic fuels. Then a number of interesting plants have been identified and facts about them have been collected by contacts with plant owners, suppliers and professional researchers and also through publications. The report shows that Sweden, Finland and Denmark are in the front line of using high steam data for co-combustion of biomass and waste fuels. There are/have been problems with superheater corrosion in many of these plants but a number of ways how to handle high steam data have been identified: Adjust the fuel mix or add additives; Use high alloy materials; Consider the final super heater as a part that is worn out by time; Place the final super heater in the particle loop seal/sand locker; Use an external separate fired super heater; Gasification and then co-combustion of the pyrolysis gas in a conventional existing boiler; Place the superheater in an internal circulating fluidized bed, ICFB. The methods for increasing the load range are mainly: Build two boilers in parallel; Increase the refractory lined part of the boiler; Dividing the furnace; Air pre-heating.

UTVECKLING AV INTERN KOMMUNIKATION MELLAN BYGG OCH ANLÄGGNING INOM ENTREPRENADFÖRETAG

OpenAIRE

Storås, Kim; Adam, Johansson

2017-01-01

Purpose: There are many ways to make the construction process more efficient and one of these ways is to streamline communication. The purpose of this bachelor thesis  is to analyze and develop communication between building and plant works on large construction companies. One of the most key factors for implementing a successful project is that there is a well-functioning communication. There is a terrific opportunity to save both time and money by streamlining communication.  Method: This w...

Komplexitet för kvalitet i lärande och undervisning: bedömning av komplexa problem och studenters resonemang

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sofia Kjellström

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Vi utbildar studenter för att de ska ha möjlighet att lösa mycket komplexa samhällsproblem,men hur vet vi att de har utvecklat de former av tänkande och handlande som krävs? Forskning visar att vuxna tänker, talar och handlar utifrån olika nivåer av komplexitet, och att utbildning i hög grad påverkar människors förmågor. Model of Hierarchical Complexity(MHC är en teori som beskriver hur komplext information sätts samman och hur komplext personer resonerar i en fråga, vanligtvis på någon av nivåerna konkret, abstrakt, formellt, systematiskt eller metasystematisk. Syftet med denna artikel är att introducera MHC och visa på dess relevans som verktyg inom högre utbildning. Med hjälp av teorin är det möjligt att analysera både hur komplex en uppgift är och hur studenter klarar av att lösa den, vilket speglar förståelse inom ett ämne. Med modellen som mått på komplexitet tydliggörs svårighetsgraden i det som ska läras och på vilken nivå studenterna klarar att ta till sig kunskapsinnehållet. Avslutningsvis diskuteras hur studenter kan stödjas att utvecklasina förmågor till komplext resonerande och därmed skapa kvalitet i både lärande och undervisningOne of the aims of higher education is to teach students to solve complex problems, but what is the complexity of problems and the reasoning of students? The Model of Hierarchical Complexity (MHC is a theory applicable to all domains in which information is organized and accounts for increases in behavioral complexity which includes cognitive or reasoning complexity. The paper is a theoretical introduction to MHC as a tool for teaching in higher education. The model clarifies and shows the gap between the complexity in the subject and the students understanding of the same subject. We also discuss how to support the development of more complex reasoning in students.

MKB and SMB in the Northern countries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Broden, K.; Andersson, K.

2001-12-01

A meeting on Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment has been held in Turku, Finland, August 22-24 2001. It was held within the framework of two NKS projects: SOS-3 (Radioactive waste) and SOS- 1 (Risk assessment and strategies for safety). The meeting included presenta- tions, discussions and a study visit to the final repository for low- and intermedi- ate level radioactive waste and the intermediate storage for spent nuclear fuel at Olkiluoto. Abstract in Danish: Inom ramen for NKS-projekten SOS-3 (Avfall) och SOS-1 (Riskvaardering och strategi for saakerhet) har ett seminarium om miljokonsekvensbeskrivningar och strategisk miljokonsekvensbedomning haallits i Aabo 22-24 augusti, 2001. Seminariet omfattade foredrag, diskussioner samt en studieresa till Olkoluoto daar besok gjordes till mellanlagret for anvaant braansle och till slutforvaret for laag- och medelaktivt avfall. Under forutsaattning att styrelsen for NKS samtycker kommer ett nytt MKB- seminarium att haallas i Osthammar 2002. (au)

MKB and SMB in the Northern countries[Environmental impact assessment; Strategic environmental assessment; Radiactive waste disporal]; MKB och SMB i Norden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Broden, K. [Studsvik RadWaste AB (Sweden); Andersson, K. [Krinta konsult (Sweden)

2001-12-01

A meeting on Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment has been held in Turku, Finland, August 22-24 2001. It was held within the framework of two NKS projects: SOS-3 (Radioactive waste) and SOS- 1 (Risk assessment and strategies for safety). The meeting included presenta- tions, discussions and a study visit to the final repository for low- and intermedi- ate level radioactive waste and the intermediate storage for spent nuclear fuel at Olkiluoto. Abstract in Danish: Inom ramen for NKS-projekten SOS-3 (Avfall) och SOS-1 (Riskvaardering och strategi for saakerhet) har ett seminarium om miljokonsekvensbeskrivningar och strategisk miljokonsekvensbedomning haallits i Aabo 22-24 augusti, 2001. Seminariet omfattade foredrag, diskussioner samt en studieresa till Olkoluoto daar besok gjordes till mellanlagret for anvaant braansle och till slutforvaret for laag- och medelaktivt avfall. Under forutsaattning att styrelsen for NKS samtycker kommer ett nytt MKB- seminarium att haallas i Osthammar 2002. (au)

Contribution to study of interfaces instabilities in plane, cylindrical and spherical geometry

Science.gov (United States)

Toque, Nathalie

1996-12-01

This thesis proposes several experiments of hydrodynamical instabilities which are studied, numerically and theoretically. The experiments are in plane and cylindrical geometry. Their X-ray radiographies show the evolution of an interface between two solid media crossed by a detonation wave. These materials are initially solid. They become liquide under shock wave or stay between two phases, solid and liquid. The numerical study aims at simulating with the codes EAD and Ouranos, the interfaces instabilities which appear in the experiments. The experimental radiographies and the numerical pictures are in quite good agreement. The theoretical study suggests to modelise a spatio-temporal part of the experiments to obtain the quantitative development of perturbations at the interfaces and in the flows. The models are linear and in plane, cylindrical and spherical geometry. They preceed the inoming study of transition between linear and non linear development of instabilities in multifluids flows crossed by shock waves.

Production conditions of bioenergy in Swedish agriculture; Produktionsfoerutsaettningar foer biobraenslen inom svenskt jordbruk

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boerjesson, Paal

2007-05-15

The overall aim of this report is to analyse and describe the production conditions of bioenergy in Swedish agriculture and how these conditions can vary due to different factors. The conclusion is that the potential for producing bioenergy in Swedish agriculture will vary significantly depending on which energy crops are cultivated, which type of agricultural land is utilised and the geographical location of the production. Furthermore, different crop residues and other by-products from agriculture, utilised for energy purposes, will affect the bioenergy potential. To which extent this physical/biological potential will be utilised in the future depends mainly on economic conditions and financial considerations. These aspects are not included in this study. The report starts with a description of current crop production in Sweden, expressed in energy terms, the energy needed for this production and the regional variation in crop yields. The local variations in cultivation conditions are also analysed, as well as variations over the area of a single farm. Another aspect discussed is the production conditions of energy crops on previous farm land not currently utilised. The report includes an analysis of the potential supply of crop residues and other by-products for energy purposes, such as straw, tops and leaves of sugar beets, manure etc, as well as the regional variation of these residues and by-products. A similar analysis is made of the regional production conditions and potential biomass yields of traditional crops and new energy crops. These analyses also include energy balance calculations showing the energy input needed for different production systems in relation to the harvested biomass yield, and the potential for increased biomass yields in the future. Based on the findings of these various analyses, calculations are made showing some examples of how much bioenergy Swedish agriculture can deliver, depending on how much agricultural land is utilised for energy production, the geographical location of this land and its productivity, and which energy crops are grown. The report ends with a discussion of the environmental impact of an increased implementation of different bioenergy production systems.

Damage from predation on the reindeer husbandry area in Finland during the years 1976-83

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauri Nieminen

1985-05-01

. Ahma ja ilves tappoivat poroja helmi - huhtikuun hankikeleillå. Karhu tappoi eniten poroja vasonta-aikana touko - kesåkuussa, ja kotkan tappamia poroja lôytyi runsaasti kevåållå ja kesållå.Rovdjurskadorna inom Finlands renskötselområde under åren 1976-83.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Under åren 1976-83 dôdades i Finland 8900 renar av rovdjur. Flest rovdjursrivna renar påtråffades inom Enares, Kuusamos och Sodankylås màrkesdistrikt samt inom Kàsivarsis (sammanlagt 873 renar, Kemin-Sompios (731, Lappis (685 och Salla pohjoinens (632 renbeteslag. Fôrutom til Kàsivarsis renbeteslag koncentrerades rovdjursskadorna, framst till renbeteslagen vid ostgrånsen. Under åren 1977-82 var stôrsta delen av de rovdjursrivna renarna vajor (49,6% och kalvar (41,0%. Flest renar dôdades av rovdjur under april-juni. Under maj-juni var stôrsta delen av de rovdjursrivna renar kalvar. Under åren 1977-83 dôdades flest renar av varg (27,6%, jarv (25,4% bjôrn (24,8% och orn (14,5%. Vargar dôdade renar huvudsakligen på hosten och i bôrjan av vintern, då snôn var som losast. Skadorna vållade av jarv och lo koncentrade sig framst till skarfôret i februari-april. Bjôrnen dôdade flest renar under kalvningstiden i maj-juni, medan ganska stort antal av ôrn dôdade renar påtråffades under våren och sommaren.

Research and Development in the Energy Area; Forskning och utveckling inom energiomraadet. Resultatredovisning 2003

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Larsson, Anita; Lundborg, Anna; Lundqvist, David; Westin, Paul; Oefverbeck, Lena; Aafelt, Sten

2003-01-01

The report gives a review of the Swedish energy research and how it has developed since 1975. In this period 1,200 million SEK (about 150 million USD) has been spent on governmentally funded energy research (excluding the supplementary financing by the businesses). The criteria used in evaluation and follow-up are reported, and the usefulness, efficiency and quality of energy research to society are discussed. Five case-studies are described, showing which factors are important in the development and giving insight in the process of technology development from research, development and demonstration up to market introduction. Beside the case-studies, a short review of the research connected with buildings is given. The case-studies are: Biofuel-based energy systems, Transport (Biofuels, Efficient engines, Electric drives), Power production and Power technology (Hydro power, Wind power, Solar cells, Power transmission and distribution), Industry (Energy efficient metal and paper processes), Support systems - fans, pumps, compressed air and lighting, Buildings (Heating, Cooling, Lighting)

Den oförutsägbare privatresenärens köpbeteende : inom flygtransportbranschen

OpenAIRE

Nyström, Martin; Wahlman, Anna

2005-01-01

Bakgrund: Flygtransportbranschen är hårt konkurrensutsatt genom stark etablering av lågprisbolag. Därtill har händelser såsom terrordådet i New York och SARS påverkat marknaden negativt; branschen har dessutom drabbats av förändrat kundbeteende, bland annat hos privatkunder, och flygbolagen finner det allt svårare att förutse kundernas köp. En medvetenhet om att resenärerna ser priset som en primär faktor vid val av flygbolag finns, men det har visat sig svårt att identifiera andra faktorer. ...

M2-metoden: Minne och motivation i harmoni för ökad genomströmning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonard Suppatt Ngaosuvan

2013-01-01

Full Text Available God genomströmning är en ekonomisk förutsättning för lärosäten inom högre utbildning. Studiens syfte var att testa en didaktisk metod där studenter övar med tentamensuppgifter under kursens gång. Metoden testades på ett moment i metod och statistik på en samhällsvetenskaplig utbildning. Ett treveckorsmoment i kvantitativ metod och statistik genomfördes på avancerad nivå och bestod av föreläsningar, statistikövningar och gruppövningar. Inför momentet presenterades 117 uppgifter ur vilka ett stratifierat slumpvist urval konstituerade salstentan. Studenterna arbetade självständigt med studieuppgifterna med lärarstöd. Resultatet visade god genomströmning, där samtliga 64 förstagångstentander blev godkända. Metodens framgång i genomströmning förklaras i termer av både minnes- och motivationspsykologi. 

Kritisk självreflektion i komplexa frågor: Att hjälpa studenterna att ta makten över sitt tänkande

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Wolrath Söderberg

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Den här artikeln handlar om studenters kritiska självreflektion. Utgångspunkten är att de former av kritiskt tänkande som vi traditionellt odlar inom högskolan är otillräckliga när det gäller vår tids kritiska frågor, som exempelvis klimatfrågan. När det rör sig om komplexa och värdeladdade frågor där många perspektiv kan vara giltiga har vi att förhålla oss till olika mänskliga mekanismer som på olika vis hindrar oss från att tänka och agera klokt, exempelvis polarisering, bekräftelsebias, glapp mellan tanke och handling och olika former av legitimeringsstrategier för att låta blir att ta ansvar. Här diskuteras sådana hinder och hur vi kan förhålla oss till dem i högre utbildning.

En utvärdering av huvudmonterade displays - En ny uppväckning inom virtuell verklighet

OpenAIRE

Ostrow, Alexander

2015-01-01

Tekniken bakom den virtuella verkligheten är nära att komma ut på marknaden igen på ett mer imponerande sätt än förr. Sedan tekniken misslyckades att övertyga publiken på 1990-talet, hade ingen lust att ta det mer på allvar, redan själva termen virtuell verklighet skrämde många och fick därför ett dåligt rykte. År 2012 förändrades allt, när bolaget med namnet Oculus utvecklade en apparat som kallades Oculus Rift. Apparaten var en så kallad huvudmonterad display, som används för att uppleva en...

In vivo dosimetry in radiation therapy in Sweden; In vivo-dosimetri inom straalbehandling i Sverige

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eriksson, Jacob; Blomquist, Michael (Norrlands universitetssjukhus, Umeaa (Sweden))

2010-07-15

A prerequisite for achieving high radiation safety for patients receiving external beam radiation therapy is that the hospitals have a quality assurance program. The program should include include monitoring of the radiation dose given to the patient. Control measurements are performed both at the system level and at the individual level. Control measurement is normally performed using in vivo dosimetry, e.g. a method to measure the radiation dose at the individual level during the actual radiation treatment time. In vivo dosimetry has proven to be an important tool to detect and prevent serious errors in patient treatment. The purpose of this research project was to identify the extent to which vivo dosimetry is used and the methods available for this at Swedish radiation therapy clinics. The authority also wanted to get an overall picture of how hospitals manage results of in vivo dosimetry, and how clinics control radiation dose when using modern treatment techniques. The report reflects the situation in Swedish radiotherapy clinics 2007. The report shows that all hospitals use some form of in vivo dosimetry. The instruments used are mainly diodes and termoluminiscence dosimeters

Istorijski eksperiment simuliranja 'velikog praska' / Historical experiment of a 'big bang' simulation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nebojša N. Gaćeša

2008-10-01

Full Text Available U međunarodnoj laboratoriji Evropske organizacije za nuklearna istraživanja (CERN – Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire, u blizini Ženeve, na francusko-švajcarskoj granici, 10. septembra 2008. godine, započeo je istorijski eksperiment simuliranja „Velikog praska“, koji mnogi naučnici smatraju najvećim eksperimentom u ljudskoj istoriji. CERN je smešten u oko hiljadu zdanja u Švajcarskoj i Francuskoj (nadzemni objekti su većinom u Švajcarskoj, a podzemni uglavnom u Francuskoj. Okuplja oko 6 500 istraživača sa 500 univerziteta iz osamdesetak zemalja, uključujući i Srbiju, koje opslužuje oko tri hiljade stalno zaposlenih. Osnovan je 1. juna 1953. godine, a jedan od osnivača bila je i naša zemlja. Osnivački akt u ime FNRJ potpisao je naš čuveni naučnik i bivši predsednik Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti – akademik Pavle Savić, koji je bio i jedan od osnivača i prvi direktor Nuklearnog instituta Vinča.

Energy efficiency improvement of the reference buildings Trondheim in Jaervalyftet; Energieffektivisering av referenskvarteret Trondheim inom Jaervalyftet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kildsgaard, Ivana; Jarnehammar, Anna

2009-12-15

The original solution proposed by the Svenska Bostaeder for the renovation of the reference building in the area Trondheim halves the building's heating requirements. This study shows that further refinement of the details in planning the renovation, the building's heating can be halved compared with the proposed renovation. The study shows that only small changes in the design of the building, this improvement is achieved. The biggest improvement may be on the air density and that an efficient heat exchange in ventilation was achieved, followed by improvements in the climate shell such as improved insulation, windows and doors. If the renovation will take the step towards a passive level the final heating needs will only be one tenth compared to today. A better climate shell clearly improves the thermal comfort

Knowledge inventory for resource efficiency measures in existing buildings; Kunskapsinventering avseende resurseffektiviserande aatgaerder inom befintlig bebyggelse

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jarnehammar, Anna; Kildsgaard, Ivana; Prejer, Erik

2011-07-01

The report summarizes the state of knowledge for various renovation measures of apartment buildings built between 1941-1980. The renovation potential is estimated to give half the energy use for heating and hot water. This efficiency improvement is considered possible, but not likely. There are many case studies of individual projects with theoretical calculations of renovation potential for different measures. There are relatively many general studies of the housing stock in general where the potential for various measures have been calculated for the whole of Sweden, but few studies of actual projects completed. Binding minimum requirements related to the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) for buildings for renovation has been introduced in several other countries in the EU which is also found to contribute to more energy-efficient measures introduced in major renovation projects. The key measures that we have found is the introduction of FTX system, renovation of the building envelope as well as individual metering and billing of heating and hot water.

Mer eller mindre byråkratisk - en studie av organisationsförändringar inom Kronofogdemyndigheten

OpenAIRE

Espersson, Malin

2010-01-01

Extensive changes in public organizations have been carried through since the end of the 20th century as a way of achieving higher efficiency. Inspiration came from the private sector. The Swedish Enforcement Authority carried through several organizational changes during this time. The authority was during 1997-2006 organized in ten independent authorities subordinated to the National Tax Board. This thesis deals with the organizational changes within the Malmoe authority, which from 2001 or...

Spel som ett berättande medium : Att kartlägga narrativets utveckling inom Tv-spel

OpenAIRE

Kedfors, Fredrik; Berg, Kaisa

2014-01-01

This essay is about the use of narrative in video games, and the discussion surrounding it. For years ludologists (game researchers) and narratologists (narrativity researchers) have been arguing about how to analyze narrativity in games. While ludologists have chosen to see games as a product by itself, and therefore something to be analyzed separately, narratologists instead see games as a narrative medium alongside film, theater and books. This essay starts by taking a look at the argument...

Rating of intra-operative neuro-monitoring results in operative correction of the spinal deformities

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. A. Skripnikov

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Purpose of the work was filing the electrophysiological phenomena observed in the process of intra-operative neuromonitoring followed by development of the results’ scale of intra-operative neuro-physiological testing of the pyramidal tract. Materials and мethods. The selection for evaluation included data of 147 protocols of intra-operative neuromonitoring in 135 patients (53 males, 82 females, aged from 1 y. 5 m. to 52 years (14,1±0,7 years with spinal deformities of different etiology who underwent instrumentation spinal correction followed by fixation of thoracic / thoracolumbar spine segments using various variants of internal systems of trans-pedicular fixation. Intra-operative neuro-monitoring was performed using system «ISIS IOM» (Inomed Medizintechnik GmbH, Germany. The changes of motor evoked potentials were evaluated according to this scale. Results. Five types of pyramidal system reaction to operative invasion were revealed. According to neurophysiological criteria three grades of the risk of neurological disorders development during operative spinal deformity correction and, correspondingly, three levels of anxiety for the surgeon were defined. Conclusion. Intra-operative neurophysiological monitoring is the effective highly technological instrument to prevent neurological disorders in the spinal deformity. Offered rating scale of the risk of neurological complications gives the possibility to highlight three levels of anxiety during operative invasion.

A database for the program 'Environmentally correct utilization of ashes'; Databas inom delprogrammet 'Miljoeriktig anvaendning av askor'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bjurstroem, Henrik; Rydstrand, Camilla; Berg, Magnus; Wikman, Karin [AaF-Energi and Miljoe AB, Stockholm (Sweden)

2004-01-01

In the program 'Environmentally correct utilization of ashes' that is active 2002-2005 at the Swedish Thermal Research Institute (Vaermeforsk), R and D studies of the properties of ashes or combustion residues are being carried out and will be carried out. It may be difficult to obtain an overview of these data if these are dispersed in a large number of reports. These data are valuable as they may be used as references on the properties of ashes (these do vary widely, and knowledge of the range within which they vary as well of as the cause to effect chain is far from exhaustive). They also form a basis for continued work in this area. Furthermore, one of the aims of the R and D program is to define criteria for the use of ashes in various situations. Such criteria are generally formulated using quantitative requirements on technical as well as environmental properties. A flexible database has been created in Access in order to store these data on ashes as an easy-to-access reference. The goal was satisfaction of both a user of ashes and a producer of ashes. The information that can be stored stretches from the fuel, the design of the combustion plant to properties specific to a given utilization such as shear module or permeability. Attention has especially been paid to the facts that fuels are often mixed and that ashes are often mixed with other ashes or with other materials. In this first stage, data have been stored in the database for 22 ash samples that have been studied in eight R and D projects.

Electronic word-of-mouths påverkan på CRM : En fallstudie av en organisation inom kulturbranschen

OpenAIRE

Klasén, Sara; Swebilius, Karin

2017-01-01

Social media has increased the possibilities for consumers to gather and share consumption related experiences with other consumers through electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). eWOM affects the relationship between customer and business, and therefore also affects customer relationship management (CRM). Therefore, the research question of this study is: “How does electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) affect customer relationship management (CRM) at an organization in the creative industry?”. The purpos...

Procurement in the Nuclear Industry, Quality, Safety and Decision Making; Upphandling inom kaernkraftsindustrin, kvalitet, saekerhet och beslutsfattande

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jakobsson, Marianne; Svenson, Ola; Salo, Ilkka (PSA Psykologi och beslutsfattande, Stockholm (Sweden))

2010-03-15

The major purpose of the present study is partly to map and partly to make an analysis of the decision processes in the procurement routines in the nuclear industry in order to provide a basis for: 1. further development of safety inspections about procurements for Swedish Radiation Safety Authority 2. improvements of safety management in connection with procurement within a nuclear-power plant, 3 improvements of procurement routines in general in a nuclear power plant. The procurement processes at a nuclear power plant were analyzed from a decision theoretic perspective. Key staff at the plant was interviewed and written instructions as well as digitalized processes were used in the analysis. The results illustrate the most important moments during the procurement process with descriptions from interviews and documents. The staff at the nuclear power plant used a multi-attribute utility decision theory MAUT-inspired model in evaluation of alternatives and both compensatory (in which negative aspects can be compensated by positive aspects) and non-compensatory (in which certain 'pass' levels of attributes have to be exceeded for a choice) decision rules were used in the procurement process. Not surprising, nuclear safety was evaluated in a non-compensatory manner following regulatory criteria while costs were evaluated in trade-off compensatory rules, which means that a weakness in one consideration might be compensated by strength in another consideration. Thus, nuclear safety above the regulator's and law requirements are not integrated in a compensatory manner when procurement alternatives are evaluated. The nuclear plant assessed an organization's safety culture at an early stage of the purchasing process. A successful and a less successful procurement case were reported with the lessons learned from them. We find that the existing written instructions for purchase were well elaborated and adequate. There is a lack of personal resources when procurement teams are formed. This means that external personal sometimes has to be engaged in such a team and therefore the emphasis on safety has to be communicated effectively to those joining the team from outside the plant. From a competition point of view, the number of potential suppliers is often too small. There is a feedback system of experience from previous contracts, but this information is of little use since it is not documented so that it is possible to conduct a quick and efficient information search, which would be a weakness when safety and quality information is needed quickly in a procurement process

"DET ÖMSINTA ANSANDET" SJUKSKÖTERSKORS UPPLEVELSE AV VAD SOM ÄR VÅRDANDE INOM RÄTTSPSYKIATRIN

OpenAIRE

Arvidsson, Alexander

2015-01-01

Forensic psychiatric care is a complex business. Patients who are cared for in forensic psychiatry are usually in need of care for a long time. The forensic care is a major intrusion into a person's life and the nurses and caregivers are the people who spend the most time with patients. They have a difficult mission providing a good and personalized care while patients are deprived of their liberty. Previous research demonstrates that patients experience forensic care as uncertain, insecure a...

Use of Secondary Building Materials in EU - Different National Strategies; Anvaendning av restprodukter inom EU - Olika nationella strategier

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jansson, Gunilla; Wilhelmsson, Anna (Ramboell Sverige AB, Goeteborg (Sweden))

2008-06-15

The aim of this report is to show how use of waste/secondary building materials/aggregates for construction purposes is managed in 8 different countries within the European Union. A short review is done how national legislations and guidelines support, and restrict, reuse in an environmentally responsible way, and experiences from and control of some construction purposes. Different national strategies are used in the studied countries, depending on their previous experiences of reuse of secondary building materials, natural conditions and energy systems, and administrative traditions. In general the actual regulations are built on high demands on protection of water and soil resources and protection of health and environment, with the pronounced aim of supporting waste reuse for construction purposes. In most countries regulations of environmentally controlled use of secondary building materials contains these elements as a basis: - Inert waste are often free for construction use; - Specific waste fractions are allowed; - Specified use is defined; - Different material categories might be used/prescribed for different purposes; - Ashes of different origin is an important source for secondary aggregates; - Quality control of materials and construction is essential; - Specified precaution or remediation are prescribed, according to the purpose; - Reporting or simplified permit processes are prescribed. There is generally a specific regulation concerning use of secondary materials. If used in other circumstances than prescribed/listed, it will normally need a regular environmental permit process. Important experiences are that proper design and control of the construction is essential, based on know-how, research and feed-back from experience. It exists a broad base of knowledge in the studied European countries, including material properties, leaching behaviour and testing methods for a wide range of materials. Many successful ways of promoting cooperation between stakeholders are identified. Important drivers for success are clearly defined goals for responsible reuse at authorities and organisations involved in the process. Internet sites providing information on national authorities, law and regulations and organisations supporting research and responsible reuse are listed in this report in the final chapter. The EU Waste Directive supports reuse to a high extend, and this is implemented in specific laws and regulations in the studied countries, to enforce the sustainable reuse of secondary building materials. This report shows that reuse and recycling of waste/by-products as secondary building materials is a dynamic area. Constant growth of knowledge, and experience on how to use the studied materials in an environmentally friendly way, promote sustainable use of resources. This knowledge could well be used in Sweden. A national knowledge hub on know-how and RandD for waste and reuse of secondary construction materials could promote increased cooperation between stakeholders with sustainable reuse of nature resources in an environmentally friendly way as a result

Simulation and cost analysis of systems for handling of fuel straw - applied to a heating plant in Skaane; Simulering och kostnadsanalys av hanteringssystem foer braenslehalm - tillaempning foer en vaermeanlaeggning i Skaane

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nilsson, Daniel

2010-05-15

The following conclusions were drawn from this study: - The total costs for delivery of fuel straw to heating plants ranged from about 130 SEK/MWh to 180 SEK/MWh (1 SEK approx 0.14 USD), depending on the payment to farmers for the straw, the storage method used, the profit margins of the contractors, etc. - The area investigated, which covered parts of the municipalities of Svaloev, Esloev and Kaevlinge, has very good conditions for harvest of straw compared with other parts of Sweden. The yield of winter wheat (and straw) is high, the road network is well developed, the fields are concentrated and large, the straw crops ripen early, and security of supply between years is high. - For a harvest and handling system with an average capacity of about 8 000 tonnes of straw per year, the simulations showed that a machine system with six balers, two loaders in the field, four transporters (tractor), one loader at the stores and lorry transport to the heating plant was cost-effective with regard to system performance (for example, expressed as the average amount of straw baled per year with a moisture content below 18%, the average quantity of straw per year put into storage prior to 1 October, the average lying time for the straw between threshing and baling, etc.). - Harvesting straw from various crops (in this case winter rape, rye and winter wheat) instead of only winter wheat had no major impact on costs, but increased the chance to harvest 'greyer' straw with lower contents of alkali metals, chlorine, etc. Only including fields of at least 5 ha had a minor impact on costs. Noticeable cost savings occurred when the field size limit was set to 10 ha or more. Increasing the moisture content limit at baling to 20% made it possible to harvest more straw, especially in years with difficult weather conditions. - The storage method used had a decisive impact on costs. Outdoor storage decreased the total costs to 133 SEK/MWh (7% storage losses), compared with 154 SEK/MWh for an equivalent harvest system with storage in machine sheds (0% storage losses, 60% of the construction costs assigned to the straw, the rest for other uses). - Increasing the bale weight from 530 kg to 700 kg (with unchanged dimensions of 1.2 m x 1.3 m x 2.4 m) produced cost savings of 15%. Having bales with an unchanged weight of 530 kg, but with a height of 1.0 m so that three bales could be stacked on top of one another during transport, resulted in similar cost savings. - In-depth studies are needed regarding the capacity of modern harvest and handling machines, stoppage frequency, etc. (i.e. time studies), the impact of various weather parameters on straw quality, the costs and storage losses for different storage methods, etc. - Dynamic event simulation is a useful method for analysing complex logistics systems where weather, plant biology, geography, soil characteristics, etc. have a major impact on the outcome

Increased growth in environmental technology - More capital in early stages; Oekad tillvaext inom miljoeteknik - Mer kapital i tidiga skeden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stubelius, Andreas; Axelsson, Helene; Fjaellstroem, Mikael; Agnvall, Dag; Olsson, Erik

2011-07-01

Swedish environmental technology companies has great growth potential. The transition to a renewable and energy-efficient energy systems and greater attention to the ecosystem, creates a growing international demand for products and services. The Energy Agency has received a government commission to develop proposals that contribute to stronger collaboration and increased communication between those involved in environmental engineering with the aim of increasing environmental technology companies access to capital in the early commercial stages, with particular focus on small and medium-sized players. The Energy Agency submits proposals for action that will lead to increased growth of Swedish environmental technology companies

Environmental effects of the use of polymers in the biogas industry - Pre study; Miljoeeffekter av polymerer inom biogasbranschen - Foerstudie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Henriksson, Gunilla; del Pilar Castillo, Maria; Jakubowicz, Ignacy; Enocksson, Haakan; Ascue Contreras, Johnny; Lundgren, Per; Engstroem, Thomas

2011-07-01

Avfall Sverige - Swedish Waste Management's Steering Group for certification of digestate [1] got an inquiry from the biogas industry if the use of polymers as additive in the biogas process is allowed. A requirement according to the certification system is that any additive used must be free from negative effects on the digestate or the soil quality. This study is initiated because of the limited knowledge of how the use of polymers affects the environment. The study is intended to be used as a basis for a decision by the Steering Group concerning the use of polymers in digestate and for an approval by the agri-food industry. The purpose of this study is to gather basic knowledge on the polymers used in dewatering and to identify polymer candidates and analytical methods for further studies of degradation, accumulation and toxicity. The project is limited to include a literature review, a survey concerning the use of polymers at biogas and sewage treatment plants, an impact analysis and a compilation of relevant laws and directives through contacts with authorities. No laboratory or field tests are included in this study. Sewage treatment plants (STPs) were included in the survey as they have been using polymers for dewatering of sewage sludge for many years and therefore should have substantial knowledge about polymers and their environmental effects. According to the literature, the side chains of polyacrylamide (PAM) can be degraded both aerobically and anaerobically. However, the polymer backbone degrades slowly or not at all in the environment, possibly leading to accumulation. Reported effects of PAM on the biogas process are conflicting, showing both inhibitory effects and no effects on the biogas process. Knowledge about the environmental impacts to be expected from spreading polymer amended bio-manure or sewage sludge is limited. The authorities have not handled the issue before and have no further information. Polymer amended sewage sludge has been spread on arable land over several years without the observation of any negative environmental effects. However, the occurrence of polymers in the soil or the effect of polymers in the bio-manure has not been specifically studied. If polymers cannot be used in the biogas process the possibilities to accept different kinds of substrates and optimize the DS-content of these substrates will be limited. Also, the limited possibilities to adjust DS-content and volume of the substrate will have a number of negative consequences on the digestion process. The recommendations for the Steering Group of the certification system SPCR 120 is to not take any general decision about the use of polymers in the biogas process and to wait until further research has been performed. Suggestions for further work is to develop analytical methods to analyze polymers in soil, study the degradation of the polymer structure in bio-manure and soil samples, measure the presence and accumulation of polymers and polymer residues in the pending long-term project Spreading of sludge on agricultural soils (Hushaallningssaellskapet Malmoehus) and to study the effect of PAM-properties (charge, molecular weight, structure) on the flock size, carbon availability and biogas production

Digitala nomader : Hur utvecklingen inom digital kommunikation påverkar gränserna för entreprenörer

OpenAIRE

Monason, Knut; Sandin, Elvira

2016-01-01

Working from a distance rather than at the office is getting easier with the rise of current digital technologies, making digital nomadism an alternative to local entrepreneurship. This study investigates 5 digital nomads in their current carrier as geographically unbound entrepreneurs with a qualitative interview method and analyses how they are using digital communications to their advantages, what downsides they might experience and the upsides of working this way which resulted in a frame...

Effektivisering av materialhantering inom hälso- och sjukvård : En fallstudie på Barnonkologen, Uppsala Akademiska sjukhus

OpenAIRE

Forsberg, Marcus; Tådne, Lukas

2016-01-01

Barnonkologen vid Uppsala Akademiska sjukhus är en barnavdelning för blod- och tumörsjukdomar. Avdelningen hanterar dagligen en stor mängd förbrukningsvaror för att kunna utföra en högkvalitativ och säker vård för patienterna. Ett identifierat behov är att effektivisera det nuvarande inventerings- och beställningsförfarandet på avdelningen, samt att organisera förråden efter personalens behov. Denna studie utreder och ger förslag på hur Barnonkologen kan förbättra sin hantering av förbrukning...

Model podataka Hrvatskog topografsko informacijskog sustava CROTIS 2.0

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivan Landek

2014-06-01

Full Text Available U članku je opisan razvoj modela podataka u Republici Hrvatskoj te detaljno izmijenjeni model podataka CROTIS 2.0. Za usporedbu je dan prikaz modela podataka iz dviju europskih zemalja. Uzeti su primjeri Danske i Nizozemske s obzirom na to da obje imaju temeljne topografske baze u mjerilu 1:10 000, a površinom su slične Republici Hrvatskoj. Pretpostavlja se da površina države utječe na cikluse i vrijeme potrebno za prikupljanje i obradu podataka, pa je namjera bila izložiti kako su ti modeli i procesi organizirani u europskim državama koje raspolažu sa sličnim količinama podataka. TOP10DK je vektorska topografska baza koja je iz baze za proizvodnju topografskih karata prerasla u izvornik za druge prostorne registre u Danskoj. Drugi primjer je Nizozemski TOP10NL s posebnim osvrtom na njegovu dostupnost široj javnosti putem web portala. U Hrvatskoj se model podataka CROTIS razvija od 1997. godine, od 2000. je u službenoj upotrebi, a od tada se kontinuirano nadograđuje i poboljšava prateći tehnološki napredak i, u posljednje vrijeme, zahtjeve koje postavlja Europska unija. Opisane su i komponente interoperabilnosti Generičkog konceptualnog modela (GCM INSPIRE-a, budući da je ispunjavanjem tih zahtjeva bilo koji skup podataka moguće uskladiti s INSPIRE-om.

Kvinnors psykosociala arbetsmiljö & hälsa : - En arbetsplatsanalys av en organisation inom företagshälsovården

OpenAIRE

Marcusson, Marina; Stjernlöf Jonsson, Emelie

2011-01-01

The following study explores the relation between psychosocial work environment and individual health. The purpose is to examine how female employees in the occupational health sector experience their own psychosocial work environment, focusing on different influencing factors in both the workplace and their private life regarding the employees own health. The study applies a hermeneutic approach in which qualitative interviews constitute the empirical data. Previous research on this particul...

Evaluation of future policy instruments - Sub-Project 2; Utvaerdering av framtida styrmedel - Delprojekt 2 inom projektet Perspektiv paa framtida avfallsbehandling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bisaillon, Mattias; Dahlen, Lisa; Detterfelt, Lia; Edner, Stig; Toren, Johan

2013-09-01

There are several recently introduced and future possible policy instruments that are of great interest to study in order to understand the future for the Swedish waste treatment market. In the energy sector, the use of system analysis models has proven to be effective in order to understand the effects and consequences of policy instruments. In the waste sector, however, such analyses have only been conducted sporadically. This in spite of the introduction of highly influential policy instruments such as producer responsibility, landfill tax and landfill ban, which together have contributed to landfilling of Swedish household waste practically has ceased. The goal of this project was, by using system analysis models, to study and evaluate the newly introduced and future possible policy instruments which affect Swedish waste treatment. The assessment was made in terms of how policy instruments affect: - the distribution of treatment technologies, - waste amounts, - greenhouse gas emissions and - the economics of waste treatment. The project was performed during 2011 and 2012 as a part of the research project 'Perspectives on sustainable waste treatment (PFA)'. During the project, discussions have taken place within the working group and the reference group on which instruments are most interesting and relevant to study. Furthermore, opinions have been gathered from the association Swedish Waste Managements policy instrument group and from various players in the industry at conferences, presentations and workshops.

Improving energy efficiency in agriculture - Proposal for the design of advisory systems; Energieffektivisering inom jordbruket - Foerslag till utformning av raadgivningssystem

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Einarson, Elin; Hagerberg, Anna; Linder, Camilla; Sten, Roland; Vannesjoe, Binella; Holmberg, Rurik

2011-07-01

This report describes the results of a study that the Board of Agriculture has carried out after consultation with the Energy Agency. The aim is to give proposals for the design of a counseling system for improving energy efficiency in the agricultural sector. Such an advisory system should be designed as group counseling combined with a single advisors' visit on the farm. Board of Agriculture suggests that counseling is done within existing environmental counseling in the project 'Greppa Naeringen'. It is estimated that the counseling can reach 800-1500 participants during the period 2011-2013. The number of farmers that can be reached is limited by the budget available to the project but also by the number of active advisors

Decay rate of reindeer pellet-groups

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Skarin

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Counting of animal faecal pellet groups to estimate habitat use and population densities is a well known method in wildlife research. Using pellet-group counts often require knowledge about the decay rate of the faeces. The decay rate of a faecal pellet group may be different depending on e.g. substrate, size of the pellet group and species. Pellet-group decay rates has been estimated for a number of wildlife species but never before for reindeer (Rangifer tarandus. During 2001 to 2005 a field experiment estimating the decay rate of reindeer pellet groups was performed in the Swedish mountains close to Ammarnäs. In total the decay rate of 382 pellet groups in three different habitat types (alpine heath, birch forest and spruce forest was estimated. The slowest decay rate was found in alpine heath and there the pellet groups persisted for at least four years. If decay was assumed to take place only during the bare ground season, the estimated exponential decay rate was -0.027 pellet groups/week in the same habitat. In the forest, the decay was faster and the pellet groups did not persist more than two years. Performing pellet group counts to estimate habitat use in dry habitats, such as alpine heath, I will recommend using the faecal standing crop method. Using this method makes it possible to catch the animals’ general habitat use over several years. Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning:Nedbrytningshastighet av renspillningInom viltforskningen har spillningsinventeringar använts under flera årtionden för att uppskatta habitatval och populationstäthet hos olika djurslag. För att kunna använda data från spillningsinventeringar krävs ofta att man vet hur lång tid det tar för spillningen att brytas ner. Nedbrytningshastigheten är olika beroende på marktyp och djurslag. Nedbrytningshastighet på spillning har studerats för bland annat olika typer av hjortdjur, men det har inte studerats på ren (Rangifer tarandus tidigare. I omr

Termiškai aktyvių membraninių tekstilės medžiagų plazminis apdorojimas siekiant superhidrofobiškumo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adam TWARDOWSKI

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Specialios paskirties lauko drabužiai turi atitikti aukštus patvarumo, šiluminės ištaigos ir drėgmės pernašos reikalavimus. Šiems tikslams dažnai naudojamos membraninės termiškai aktyvios tekstilės medžiagos. Siekiant pagerinti šių tekstilės medžiagų išvaizda, gali būti naudojami įvairūs poveikiai, užtikrinantys superhidrofobinį savaime besivalantį paviršių (žinomą kaip lotoso efektas. Įgyvendinant šią idėją, buvo atlikti žėrinčiojo išlydžio radijo dažnio inertinių dujų bei angliavandenilių dujų plazmos poveikio pramoninėms medžiagoms tyrimai. Gauti geri rezultatai tiriant savaiminio valymosi savybes empiriškai, tam naudojant dulkes ir kietąsias daleles. Skirtingos poveikio sąlygos buvo lyginamos matuojant kontaktinį vandens drėkinimo kampą. Daugeliu atvejų paveiktų medžiagų kontaktinis kampas buvo gerokai didesnis nei pradinių medžiagų. Didžiausia kampo vertė siekė 155°. Paviršiaus ištirtas naudojant skenuojamąjį elektroninį mikroskopą (SEM bei SEM-EDX spektroskopiją. Silikoorganinių dujų plazma apdoroto pluošto paviršiuje aptiktas plonas būdingos sferinės struktūros sluoksnis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.18.2.1920

Manje stvari

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Una Krizmanić Ožegović

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Idemo do plaže spasiti ptiće da se ne udave. Obučem traperice i debelu vestu preko pidžame. Dok piškim u hladnoj kupaonici, mokraća mi isparava. Tata svojim koracima prodrma i razbudi cijelu kuću. Idemo, kaže s prstom u uhu. Kad izađemo van, lice mi se stisne od hladnoće. Jučer sam izgubio rukavicu, tako da golu ruku trpam duboko u džep, zajedno sa šmrkavim maramicama i fosilima. Na vrhu litice izraslo je novo cvijeće. Tata ga očeše potplatom čizme. Nisam siguran zašto to radi, ali čini se da je zadovoljan.Na pjeskovitoj nizbrdici nema drugih tragova osim naših. Jednom sam ovdje pao, davno, porezao lice na travu, koja u čupercima raste poput zakopanih jastučića za pribadače. Imam blijedosrebrni ožiljak na licu. U obliku ptičjeg stopala. Tata juri dugim korakom, a ja se izmičem pijesku koji zabacuje iza sebe dok trči. Već je ugledao ptića morske laste na plaži pri dnu litice. Isprva, riba koja mu je zapela u grlu izgleda kao dugi jezik. Ptić baca glavu u stranu, onda ponire naprijed, gušeći se. Par koraka naprijed, zatetura pod težinom ribe pa se uspravi.

Är vi överens om det? Samspel och samstämmighet i svensklärares bedömningssamtal om gymnasieelevers skrivande

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Per Blomqvist

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Artikeln beskriver svensklärares interaktion och samstämmighet i samtal om summativ bedömning av gymnasieelevers skrivande. I ett dialogiskt perspektiv (Linell, 2011 undersöks interaktionella mönster avseende dominans, dynamik och koherens i tre svensklärargruppers bedömningssamtal. Dessa interaktionella mönster ställs i relation till uttryck för samstämmighet inom och mellan lärargrupperna. Resultatet visar att lärarna uttrycker hög grad av samstämmighet i bedömningssamtalen men att de bedömningar som lärarna gör enskilt i anslutning till samtalen enbart till viss del överensstämmer med gruppens beslut. Lägst grad av samstämmighet uppvisar den lärargrupp som i samtalen framstod som mest samstämmig. Där kännetecknas beslutsprocesserna av låg intensitet genom att få alternativ till bedömningar prövas. I de lärargrupper där intensiteten är högre genom att flera lärare styr samtalet i olika riktningar och där lärarna tillsammans prövar flera olika förslag på bedömning överensstämmer även enskilda lärares bedömningar i högre grad med gruppens beslut. Bedömningsöverensstämmelsen mellan lärargrupperna är däremot låg.

Emissions Trading - An Internet site on the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS); Utslappshandel - En Internetsida om handel med utslaeppsraetter inom EU

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

2009-07-01

Utslappshandel.se is a one-stop shop for overall information about the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) as applied in Sweden (the site is available in Swedish and English). It also offers a gateway to the Swedish Emissions Trading Registry (SUS), where companies report their transactions on an ongoing basis and surrender emission allowances once a year. The Swedish Energy Agency is in charge of the Swedish registry. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency decides on the allocation of emission allowances and is responsible for following up companies' annual reporting on their CO{sub 2} emissions. The EU ETS is expected to cover installations equivalent to approximately 50 per cent of total CO{sub 2} emissions in the EU. In Sweden, it is expected to cover only 40 per cent of emissions, mainly owing to the very low level of fossil electricity production

Lekplatsen där tjejer inte får vara med och leka : En studie om tjejers underrepresentation inom eSport

OpenAIRE

Andersson, Pontus; Johansson, Hanna

2016-01-01

Women’s underrepresentation within eSport is something that should be considered asa problem, but the game industry and gaming community excludes the women as atarget group. In this essay we will explore the reasons behind women’s lack ofinvolvement within eSport and competitive games, present the challenges they facewhen playing these types of games and what needs to be changed for a more uniformground between the sexes. We chose to focus on the social aspects as to why girls stayaway from e...

A database for the program 'Environmentally correct utilization of ashes'; Databas inom delprogrammet 'Miljoeriktig anvaendning av askor'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bjurstroem, Henrik; Rydstrand, Camilla; Berg, Magnus; Wikman, Karin [AaF-Energi and Miljoe AB, Stockholm (Sweden)

2004-01-01

In the program 'Environmentally correct utilization of ashes' that is active 2002-2005 at the Swedish Thermal Research Institute (Vaermeforsk), R and D studies of the properties of ashes or combustion residues are being carried out and will be carried out. It may be difficult to obtain an overview of these data if these are dispersed in a large number of reports. These data are valuable as they may be used as references on the properties of ashes (these do vary widely, and knowledge of the range within which they vary as well of as the cause to effect chain is far from exhaustive). They also form a basis for continued work in this area. Furthermore, one of the aims of the R and D program is to define criteria for the use of ashes in various situations. Such criteria are generally formulated using quantitative requirements on technical as well as environmental properties. A flexible database has been created in Access in order to store these data on ashes as an easy-to-access reference. The goal was satisfaction of both a user of ashes and a producer of ashes. The information that can be stored stretches from the fuel, the design of the combustion plant to properties specific to a given utilization such as shear module or permeability. Attention has especially been paid to the facts that fuels are often mixed and that ashes are often mixed with other ashes or with other materials. In this first stage, data have been stored in the database for 22 ash samples that have been studied in eight R and D projects.

Kärnan i lyckad kriskommunikation : En studie om extern transparens inom förebyggande kriskommunikation ur ett företagsperspektiv

OpenAIRE

Ehrning, Caroline; Kempe, Frida

2015-01-01

Abstract Title: The core of successful crisis communication? A study of external transparency in preventative crisis communication through a company perspective. Authors: Caroline Ehrning & Frida Kempe. Aim: This study examines how four companies proactively work with external transparency within preventing crisis communication. Research problem: There are gaps in the research of preventative crisis communication, not at the least in correlation with transparency. Method/material: We have...

Följsamhet till en kvalitetsnorm för fall- och fallprevention inom geriatrisk slutenvård : En studie baserad på journalgranskning

OpenAIRE

Dannäs, Lotta; Krylén, Ida

2011-01-01

Purpose The purpose of this study has been to investigate the documentation process following the guiding principles of the Quality Norms for Fall Prevention concerning fall risk assessment, risk identification, fall preventive measures, information and the making of an individual care plan. Method This study is a quantitative, descriptive and retrospective journal review study. There were 100 journals examine the existing documentation concerning fall risk assessment of patients who received...

Radiant research prospects? A review of nuclear waste issues in social science research; Straalande forskningsutsikter? En oeversikt om kaernavfallsfraagor inom samhaellsvetenskaplig forskning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bergquist, Ann-Kristin [Umeaa universitet, Umeaa (Sweden)

2007-05-15

The present report has been put together on behalf of KASAM and constitutes a review of social science research and literature that been produced on the nuclear waste issue in Sweden, with focus on recent research. The aim with the investigation has been to map the scope of and the direction of the independent research about nuclear waste in Sweden, in relation to the research that has been initiated and financed by the stakeholders that are participating in the decision-making process in the nuclear waste issue. Another aim has been to point out areas that have not been taken into consideration.

The role of Swedish Radiation Protection Authority in the field of public health; SSI:s roll i folkhaelsoarbetet - redovisning av regeringsuppdrag inom folkhaelsoomraadet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cederlund, Torsten; Finck, Robert; Mjoenes, Lars; Moberg, Leif; Soederman, Ann-Louis; Wiklund, Aasa; Yuen Katarina; Oelander Guer, Hanna

2004-09-01

The Swedish Government has requested the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (SSI) to make an account of the authority's role in the field of public health. Radiation Protection consists largely of preventive actions in order to protect man and the environment against harmful effects of radiation. The SSI thus considers most of the authority's activities to be public health related. The report describes a number of radiation protection areas from a health perspective. The measures taken by the authority in these areas are also described along with planned activities. In some areas the authority also points out additional measures.

Investigation and mapping of the requirements for lifting devices in a nuclear facility; Utredning och kartlaeggning av krav foer lyftanordningar inom kaernteknisk anlaeggning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andersson, Kjell (Inspecta Sweden AB, Vaexjoe (Sweden))

2010-03-15

This technical report covers the investigation and identification of requirements for lifting devices in nuclear facilities. The report is divided into the following Section: 1. A mapping of the regulatory framework for nuclear hoists in Finland, Germany and USA. 2. A description of how the international legal framework is applied in for replacement or modernization of lifts in the Swedish nuclear power plants. 3. In Europe, the new harmonized standard has been developed for conventional hoists. The rules appear in the 'EN-13 001'. The study will illustrate these rules, and how they currently apply in the nuclear industry in Sweden. 4. A comparison between the IKH's lifting standards and EN13001 which differences are highlighted and explained

Biofuels in agriculture - How the daily work is affected, rules and experiences; Biodrivmedel inom lantbruket - Hur det vardagliga arbetet paaverkas, regler och erfarenheter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eksvaerd, Jan

2012-07-01

Approximately 5% of transport fuels for Swedish vehicles 2010 came from renewable biomass. EU wants the share within the EU to reach 10% in 2020. LRF is working towards the goal that 20% of transport fuels in Sweden should be renewable by 2020. The reason is that carbon dioxide emissions need to fall sharply and that a declining and uncertain supply of fossil fuels contributes to higher costs. What biofuel to be used in different vehicles will differ. Today, biogas, ethanol, RME (rapeseed methyl ester) and on some vehicles also DME (dimethyl ether) are used. In agriculture, the RME is the only practical option today, although there are a couple of biogas and rapeseed oil tractors. In this report rules and experiences of diesel is compared with five potential biofuels: RME, biogas (both compressed and liquid), DME, ethanol and methanol. For FT-diesel from biomass (made from methane via Ficher-Tropf method) the same rules apply as for fossil diesel. The report contains: a) brief background information on these biofuels, b) practical experience and views on the use of them, and c) the different rules that apply to storage, transportation and small tractor operation of the various fuels. Examples are also given of the differences between different fuels in their everyday work. Ethanol, methanol, DME and FT-diesel can be produced from both fossil and biomass feedstock. The term biogas is used, however, consistently for methane produced by anaerobic digestion of biomass.

The producers competition trimmed the laundries; Tillverkarnas taevling trimmade tvaettstugorna - om effekterna av Kansliets insatser inom omraadet energieffektiv tvaett och tork i fastighetstvaettstugor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-12-31

Interviews have been made among 163 buyers and 28 suppliers of equipment for laundry-rooms in apartment houses. The aim was to study the opinion regarding new energy-efficient clothes washers and clothes dryers. 5 figs

Elaphostrongylus spp. from Scandinavian cervidae - a scanning electron microscope study (SEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Margareta Stéen

1990-08-01

Full Text Available Nematodes of the genus Elaphostrongylus collected from moose (Alces alces L., reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L., and red deer (Cervus elaphus L., respectively, were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. Morphological differences in the ribs of the genital bursa were demonstrated. The Elaphostrongylus species from reindeer and red deer differed from each other in four ribs of the genital bursa. These results agree with the morphological characters of E. cervi and E. rangiferi described by Cameron (1931 and Mitskevitch (1960. The genital bursa of Elaphostrongylus sp. from moose, in accordance with the description of E. alces by Steen et al. (1989 showed characteristics differing from those found in Elaphostrongylus spp. from reindeer and red deer respectively. These results support the hypothesis that there are three separate species of Elaphostrongylus present in Scandinavian Cervidae. Svep-elektroniska studier på Elaphostrongylus spp. hos skandinaviska hjortdjur.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Rundmaskar inom slaktet Elaphostrongylus funna hos alg (Alces alces L., ren (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L. och kronhjort(Cervus elaphus L. studerades med hjalp av svepelelektronmikroskop. De hanliga bursorna med sin a stodjeribbor uppvisade variationer i utseende, langd och placering mellan dessa rundmaskar. De arter av Elaphostrongylus funna hos ren och kronhjort skilde sig åt avseende fyra stodjeribbor på de hanliga bursorna. Dessa resultat stammer val overens med de karaktarer som tidigare ar beskrivna av Cameron(1931 och av Mitskevich (1960. Den hanliga bursan hos arten Elaphostrongylus funnen hos alg, vilken tidigare ar beskriven av Steen et al. (1989, visade upp ett utseende som skilde sig från bursorna hos de Elaphostrongylus-arter funna hos ren och kronhjort. Dessa resultat stoder hypotesen om tre skilda arter av Elaphostrongylus hos skandinaviska hjortdjur.

Comparative study to evaluate shear bond strength of RMGIC to composite resin using different adhesive systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manoj G Chandak

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Aim: The aim of the study is to compare and evaluate the role of new dental adhesives to bond composite to the resinmodified glass inomer cement (RMGIC. Materials and Methods: Thirty specimens were prepared on acrylic blocks, with wells prepared in it by drilling holes, to retain the RMGIC. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups of ten specimens each. In Group a thin layer of selfetch adhesive (3M ESPE was applied between the RMGIC and the composite resin FILTEK P60 (3M SPE. In Group II, total etch adhesive (Adeper Scotch bond 2, 3M ESPE was applied, and in Group III, there was no application of any adhesive between RMGIC and the composite resin. After curing all the specimens, the shear bond strength was measured using an Instron universal testing machine. Results: The results were drawn and tabulated using ANOVA-fishers and Dunnet D statistical tests.The maximum shear bond strength values were recorded in Group I specimens with self-etch adhesive showing a mean value of 2.74 when compared to the Group II adhesive (Total etch showing a mean shear strength of value 1.89, where no adhesive was used, showed a minimum mean shear bond strength of 1.42. There was a great and significant difference between Group I and Group II (P value 0.05 whereas, both Group I and Group II showed a vast and significant difference from Group III (P value = 0-001. Conclusion: Hence, this present study concludes that application of self-etch adhesive (3M ESPE, U.S.A in between RMGIC and composite resin increases the shear bond strength between RMGIC and the resin composites, as compared to the total-etch type adhesive (Adeper Scotch bond 2,3M ESPE, U.S.A as well as without application of the adhesive agent.

Planering, progression, profession: hur studenter blir planerare

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lars Larsson

2017-09-01

Full Text Available De kunskaper som utvecklas med stöd i de nationella examensmålen för värderingsförmåga och förhållningssätt är de som ligger närmast den professionella identiteten. Denna kunskapskategori ges begränsat utrymme i de förväntade studieresultat som examineras inom samhällsplanerarprogrammet vid Umeå universitet. Trots detta får studenterna anställning som planerare, ofta kort efter att de tagit sin kandidatexamen. Syftet med denna studie är därför att undersöka hur kunskapsmässig progression underbyggs avseende värderingsförmåga och förhållningssätt i en planerarutbildning med kulturgeografi som huvudområde. I denna artikel redovisas en analys av samhällsplanerarprogrammet.De kurser i kulturgeografi som ingår i programmet analyseras utifrån förväntade studieresultat, läraktiviteter och examinationsformer i syfte att spåra den planerade progressionen. Särskild uppmärksamhet ägnas kunskapskategorin värderingsförmåga och förhållningssätt. Resultaten diskuteras utifrån en modell för att förstå vilka typer av kunskaper som används vid avvägningar och beslut i planeringsprofessionen. Analysen visar att samhällsplanerarprogrammets planerade progression följer principen att först ge studenterna breda ämneskunskaper, därefter utveckla metodfärdigheter och mot slutet utveckla mer komplexa och handlingsinriktade kunskaper. Den visar också att den planerade progressionen är begränsad i att underbygga normativa aspekter av studenternas värderingsförmåga och förhållningssätt.

The Distribution of Rural Settlement Environmental Quality (Case at Bantul, DIY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Su Ritohardoyo

2004-01-01

the whole areas, whether it is lowland, hilly or uplands areas, the family inome to be the first important facctor determining the housing environment quality.

”Kalle, du kan ju läsa!” Förskoleklasslärare synliggör förskoleklasselevers skriftspråksutveckling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tarja Alatalo

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Den här studien tar sin utgångspunkt i ett kompetensutvecklingsprojekt där lärare i förskoleklass gavs möjlighet att genom erfarenhet i handling samt reflektion stärka sina ämneskunskaper inom skriftspråksområdet. Sju lärare i förskoleklass intervjuades om sina erfarenheter i samband med bedömning av elevers skriftspråksutveckling. Studiens syfte var att undersöka vilket meningsskapande som enligt lärarna sker i samband med bedömningsaktiviteten. Fokus riktades mot lärarnas beskrivningar av det egna, men också elevernas meningsskapande. Studiens grund i sociokulturell teori och pragmatismens begrepp, erfarenhet och meningsskapande som centrala analysverktyg, synliggjorde lärarnas fördjupade förståelse för elevers skriftspråksutveckling. I materialet framträder en bild av att tidigare erfarenheter omvärderades och användes tillsammans med nya erfarenheter för att skapa ny kunskap hos både lärare och elever. Exempelvis beskriver lärare hur elever i samband med bedömningsaktiviteten upptäckte att de kunde läsa. I mötet mellan projektets ämnesfokus och praktisk handling kunde lärarna omvärdera tidigare erfarenheter och upptäcka att elever i förskoleklassen läser, hur de läser och hur de själva kan stimulera eleverna vidare. Studiens avsikt är att öppna för en diskussion om hur kompetensutveckling om skriftspråksutveckling kan öka förskoleklasslärares möjligheter att stimulera elever vidare och öka elevernas förutsättningar att utvecklas i riktning mot skolans kunskapskrav.

The future market for biogas from waste - Sub-Project 3; Framtida marknaden foer biogas fraan avfall - Delprojekt 3 inom projektet Perspektiv paa framtida avfallsbehandling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Holmstroem, David; Bisaillon, Mattias; Eriksson, Ola; Hellstroem, Hanna; Nilsson, Karolina

2013-09-01

The overall aim of the project was to study the conditions, opportunities and constraints for the development of the market for biogas from waste in Sweden. Seven areas of importance to the development have been identified in previous projects. The areas are: market and competition, supply and demand for waste, environmental benefits of biogas utilization, technology development, economic value of biogas, political instruments and the handling of digestate. The ambition has been to create a fact and market report for these areas for stake holders such as operators, representatives of authorities and decision makers. The project is a sub-project of 'Perspectives on future waste treatment'. The goal achievement of the project is expected to be good. During the project, there has also been considerable interest in the results, which is already used by a number of operators, both within and outside the project. Thereby, the results have a good spread, even before the project is completed.

Förändring av förpackning som utökning av marknadsmixen : En studie av fem snabbrörliga konsumentvaror inom livsmedelsbranschen

OpenAIRE

Sandström, Carolina; Eriksson, Sofie

2011-01-01

Denna uppsats behandlar förändring av förpackning som en möjlig utökning av produktkategorin i Kotler & Kellers utvidgade marknadsmix. I marknadsmixen behandlas förpackningen som statisk under en varas livstid och studiens syfte var att se om förpackningsförändringar istället bör ske vid flertalet tillfällen. Genom existerande litteratur identifierades tre centrala begrepp som ansågs betydelsefulla för studien; förpackning, förändring av förpackning och differentiering. Fem olika företag ...

Förhållandet mellan den fria rörligheten inom EU och internationella dubbelbeskattningsavtal : En analys med utgångspunkt i EU-domstolens praxis

OpenAIRE

Österman, Catharina

2013-01-01

När en skattskyldig blir beskattad flera gånger för samma inkomst, i minst två länder och under samma tidsperiod, uppstår juridisk dubbelbeskattning. En vanlig metod för att i möjligaste mån undvika dubbelbeskattning är att stater ingår bilaterala dubbelbeskattningsavtal med varandra. I ett dubbelbeskattningsavtal avgör de avtalsslutande staterna vilken stat som, i en rad olika situationer, ska ha beskattningsrätt och vilken stat som till följd därav avstår från sin rätt till beskattning. Där...

The role of Swedish Radiation Protection Authority in the field of public health 2008; SSI:s roll i folkhaelsoarbetet 2008 - redovisning av regeringsuppdrag inom folkhaelsoomraadet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hyrke, Lena; Almen, Anja; Blixt, Anders; Brewitz, Erica; Mjoenes, Lars; Moberg, Leif; Skeppstroem, Kirlna; Wester, Ulf

2008-04-15

The Swedish Government has requested that the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (SSI) to make an account of the authority's role in the field of public health. Radiation Protection consists largely of preventive actions in order to protect man and the environment against harmful effects of radiation. The SSI thus considers most of the authority's activities to be public health related. The report describes a number of radiation protection areas from a health perspective. The measures taken by the authority in these areas are also described along with planned activities. In some areas the authority also points out additional measures

Ledarskap inom äldreomsorgen : En kvalitativ studie om chefernas syn på motivation till sina medarbetare och hur dessa ledarkunskaper förvärvas

OpenAIRE

Eriksson, Linda; Örnfjärd, Viveka

2013-01-01

The purpose of this essay was to explore how the first-line managers in eldercare motivate their employees. In addition, we intend to study how the first-line managers acquire their leadership skills. To find answers to this purpose, we asked ourselves the questions; how acquires first line managers knowledge of how to motivate their employees? What is the first-line manager’s perception of motivation against their employees? The method we used was qualitative interviews with eight first-line...

Analysis of the economic adaptation of Sami reindeer management. Reindeer; source of income or cultural linkage?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Niklas Labba

2007-04-01

/ Sammandrag: I denna studie analyseras hur olika renskötarhushålls ekonomier är strukturerad samt hur de tillpassar sig de ekonomiska förutsättningar som existerar för att maximera den ekonomiska avkastningen, i de fall en ekonomisk vinstmaximering är målsättningen. Tidigare forskning visar att renskötselområden uppvisar skilda betingelser. Köttförsäljningvärde, produktionsbidrag och ersättningsstorlek vid förlust av renar skiljer sig åt. Främst mellan Norge och Sverige men även regionalt inom det enskilda landet. Det medför att det existerar olika ekonomiska strukturer hos renskötarhushållen. Genom ett urval av hushåll från olika distrikt och samebyar baserat på geografisk lokalisering, driftsmönster och renskötselsområdesstorlek söks olika ekonomiska strukturer. Hushåll med liknade ekonomisk struktur grupperas i kategorier. Standardavvikelsen bekräftar om hushållen bildar en hushållskategori. Den samiska renskötseln i Norge och renskötseln Sverige har från år 1992/93 till år 2002/03 haft en kvantitetsmässigt jämn köttförsäljningsnivå till godkända slakterier. Det indikerar att det troligtvis är samma faktorer som påverkar ländernas slaktkvantitet. Förhållandet mellan lagervärde av renar och försäljningsvärdet av renkött, i det enskilda hushållet, åskådliggör om det föreligger någon tillväxt i renantalet och tillväxtens storlek. Tillväxten i renantalet beror av den konkurrenssituation som finns mellan hushållen inom distriktet/samebyn. Strävan efter att uppnå ett högre renantal, på grund av konkurrenssituationen, förhindrar hushållet att göra ett maximalt slaktuttag vilket därmed minskar avkastningen från renskötseln. Allt pekar mot att slaktkvantiteten inte påverkas av uppköpspriset på renkött eller av politiska tilltag. Den samiska renskötseln tycks vara en levnadssätt där renantalet står i centrum.

Reduktion av slöseri inom den spanska ölindustrin : – en studie av åtgärder och metoder i spåren av krisen

OpenAIRE

Carlström, Carl

2014-01-01

Den rådande eurokrisen har påverkat det spanska samhället och den spanska ölindustrin negativt. Industrin står inför utmaningar vad gäller minskad försäljning och förändrade kundpreferenser. I tider då intäkterna och försäljningen minskar finns det många sätt att öka sina marginaler. Ett av detta sätt är att börja arbeta med resurseffektivitet och att se till att slöseriet av de resurser man har minskar. De frågor studien besvarar är hur bryggeriindustrin i Spanien har arbetat för att minska ...

As warm as in Germany or Northern Africa? Climate scenarios for the research programme Climatools; Lika varmt som i Tyskland eller Nordafrika? Klimatscenarier inom forskningsprogrammet Climatools

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parmhed, Oskar; Carlsson-Kanyama, Annika

2007-05-15

Future climate change may become larger or smaller depending on the development of greenhouse gas emissions. During 2007 the IPCC released its fourth assessment report on the dominant causes of climate change. At the end of this century it is expected that the global mean temperature may have risen with as much as six degrees. The heating may be even greater in Sweden, with effects on precipitation, vegetation, and snow cover. The Climatools research programme aims at maintaining or increasing the capacity of sectors and regions in Sweden to deliver services to the society by providing decision makers with tools for decision on issues of climate change. The tools are developed in scenario based case studies. Common to all scenarios in Climatools are assumptions on the future climate in Sweden. Within Climatools the effects on three regions are considered: Umeaa, Maelardalen, and Skaane. We have chosen three climate scenarios as a basis for coming work within the programme. These three scenarios are presented in this report, together with their motivation. The effects on the three regions of interest are also described. With these scenarios we want to span a challenging space of outcomes for the future work. The three scenarios are named after what the average temperature in Umeaa equals in terms of todays climate. They are called: Umeaa like Umeaa, Umeaa like Germany, and Umeaa like North Africa

CO{sub 2}-emissions from future waste incineration - Sub-Project 5; CO{sub 2}-utslaepp fraan framtida avfallsfoerbraanning - Delprojekt 5 inom projektet Perspektiv paa framtida avfallsbehandling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bisaillon, Mattias; Detterfelt, Lia; Edner, Stig; Maartenssson, Paal

2013-09-01

The use of fossil fuels in Swedish district heating systems has fallen sharply. With continued pressure from society to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, it is likely that the use of these fuels will decrease further. The major remaining source of emissions of fossil carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) from district heating systems 2020 is waste incineration with energy recovery in the form of electricity and heat. The aim of this project was, from two perspectives (stack perspective and system perspective), to analyze future emissions of fossil CO{sub 2} from Swedish waste incineration in the Swedish district heating systems. By studying both perspectives at the same time, the results answer whether changes in emissions in one perspective give similar or opposite effects seen from the other perspective. The purpose was also to make cost estimates for emission reduction measures affecting waste, energy and material production system. These costs were related to the price of allowances in the EU ETS and to the Swedish carbon tax. The project was performed in 2012 as a part of the research project 'Perspectives on sustainable waste treatment'.

Long term effects on wet stored calcium rich fly ash with bearing on ground improvement work; Laangtidspaaverkan av kalkrika flygaskor vid vaatlagring foer anvaendning inom markstabilisering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lagerlund, Johan; Jansing, Christiane

2012-02-15

Generation of electricity and heat by means of thermal power demands a product that can be ignited. This combustible material is usually coal, oil, gas, biomass and waste. If using solid fuels as coal, biomass and waste a by product known as ash is formed in the process; FA, (FA) and bottom ash. Roughly 600 Mt ashes are annually produced throughout the world and 70 weight % of these ashes are FA, 25 weight % bottom ashes and 5 weight % slag. 41 weight % of all ashes are annually reused in some form. Given the environmental impact of combustion i.e. CO{sub 2} emissions, a widened use of biomass fuels and co-combustion is expected in the near future. This will however create new problems when reusing ashes and FA in particular. The reuse of FA within the concrete industry stand for a total of about 25 % but the reuse of non-coal derived FA in the concrete industry is prohibited. Non-coal derived FA usually has higher amounts of calcium oxide, which acts expansively in concrete. Less than 20 % of biomass or co-combustion FA are reused today in Europe. A new standard, the EN 450, is however under construction. This standard will deal with the reuse of noncoal derived FA within the cement and concrete industry. In Sweden, coal is very seldom used as a fuel. More common is the use of biomass, peat and waste. It means that the FA are all non-coal derived and thus derived from reuse within the cement and concrete industry. Beside their non-coal origin, the main part of the FA is produced during November- March. This means that it might be hard to find available FA all year around, making the reuse of FA less attractive. Hence, FA must be stored prior to use. Little research have been made on the storage of calcium rich FA from biomass and co-combustion. Storing FA in a cheap way requires an addition of water to prevent from dusting when stockpiled outdoors. Addition of water in calcium rich FA will however cause an hardening of the material, thus causing detrimental effects within the FA

CREDERE I KREDIT: DVA SRODNA ILI SUPROTSTAVLJENA POJMA?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabrijela Mihelčić

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Proučavajući ugovore o kreditu osigurane stvarnopravnim osiguranjima, a koji se u praksi većinom sklapaju u potrošačkim odnosno B2C odnosima, autorice u radu dolaze do spoznaja o mnogobrojnim problemima u hrvatskoj sudskoj praksi, ali i zakonodavstvu. Isti su primarno posljedica kompleksnog procesa usklađivanja izvornih nacionalnih odredaba s europskim acquisom u tom području, a koji pored ispravnog preuzimanja EU propisa u nacionalno zakonodavstvo zahtijeva i ispravnu primjenu i ujednačeno tumačenje harmo- niziranog nacionalnog prava sukladno istima. U tom smislu, poteškoće nastu- paju već samim određenjem ugovornih strana, odnosno glede pitanja tko je potrošač, a tko trgovac odnosno vjerovnik u B2C ugovorima o kreditu. Isti se nastavljaju u određenju predmeta ugovora, odnosno pronalaženju odgovora na pitanje, što je potrošački kredit te na kreditiranje čega se on točno odnosi. Nejasnoće postoje i o pitanju određenja bitnih sastojaka ugovora o potrošačkom kreditu, glede kojih jasne odgovore ne daje ni praksa Suda EU-a, niti domaća sudska praksa. Problemi postoje i u razumijevanju same dužnosti sudova i drugih primjenjivača prava o tumačenju i primjeni pozitivnoga nacionalnog prava sukladno acquisu odnosno u načinu provedbe iste dužnosti u praksi. Sva navedena pitanja dodatno se usložnjavaju kada su tražbine takvih kredita stvarnopravno osigurane. Imajući u vidu osobite poteškoće u tumačenju i praktičnoj primjeni harmoniziranih nacionalnih odredaba koje se odnose na potrošačko kreditiranje i pravo potrošača općenito, autorice u radu nastoje dati jasne i koncizne odgovore na brojna ključna pitanja o kojima ovisi ispravna primjena spomenutog zakonodavstva.

Vad är Internet of Things inom medicinteknik? : Hur påverkar det vården och patienterna ur ett framgångs- och säkerhetsperspektiv?

OpenAIRE

Emma, Hammarström; Sandra, Puekker

2017-01-01

This study is written by two students at Linköping University, studying the Systems Science program. It is a qualitative study in the form of case study where empirical data is collected from Region Östergötland. We conducted three interviews where everyone had a connection to the Internet of Things within medical technology. The positions of the interviewees are IT Security Officer, Unit Manager on Test and Innovation and MT Strategist.The study is about what the Internet of Things within me...

Bryr sig konsumenter om CSR? - En studie om vilka samband som finns mellan företagets samhällsansvar och konsumentvärdet inom klädkonsumtion.

OpenAIRE

Åström, Jenny-Maria; Haddad, Wendelina; Rabi Navarro, Rosalia

2016-01-01

Abstract - Do consumers care about CSR? A study about the relation between corporate social responsibility and consumer value when purchasing clothes. Date: May 26th, 2016 Level: Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration, 15 ECTS Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors: Wendelina Haddad 910915, Rosalia Rabi Navarro 890828, Jenny-Maria Åström 870630 Title: Do consumers care about CSR? A study about the relation between corporate social respon...

Imports of waste fuels for energy recovery in Sweden - Sub-Project 1; Import av avfall till energiutvinning i Sverige - Delprojekt 1 inom projektet Perspektiv paa framtida avfallsbehandling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sahlin, Jenny; Holmstroem, David; Bisaillon, Mattias

2013-09-01

Swedish imports of waste fuels may increase to 1.5 million tonnes by 2015, when new waste-fuelled combined heat and power plants are in operation; and to 2.5 million tonnes by 2020, if all planned capacity is built. This is the case if national targets for increased material recycling and biological treatment are reached; which means that smaller amounts of mixed waste remains for incineration. When the import of the waste fuel into Sweden has increased, also need of knowledge has increased, as well as the concerns and fears. The aim of the project 'Imports of waste to energy recovery in Sweden', therefore, is to create an improved basis for decisions and communications concerning the import of waste fuel, as well as to study its conditions, opportunities and obstacles. The target group is interested operators, representatives of public authorities and decision-makers. Data includes analysis of future imported quantities, possible import markets, policy instruments and its effects, concerns and fears, economic aspects and effects on climate change while importing the waste fuel. The project is one of five sub-projects in 'Perspectives on the future waste treatment'. The project has been carried out through data collection, computer modelling, interviews as well as discussion and analysis in the working and reference groups. The goal is estimated to having been reached, the results are already used. From media, there is an interest of the results, and the project has already been referred to and presented at conferences. The results are thus already well-spread.

Från görande till lärande och förståelse; En studie av lärares lärande inom estetik

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maj Asplund Carlsson

2008-10-01

Full Text Available

The aim of this article is to analyse teachers’ changing ways of talking about children’s aesthetic learn- 

ing in the early years as a result of a research and development project. With a point of departure in developmen- 

tal and variation theory, a praxis oriented project was designed with the aim of finding out whether collaborative 

talk and meta-cognitive dialogues could contribute to children’s learning of music, dance and poetry. The partici- 

pating teachers were offered in-service training in order to develop a new way of teaching and new ways of think- 

ing about the curriculum and children’s learning. Interviews with the teachers were carried out at the beginning 

and the end of the project. The teachers’ learning was expressed in changed ways of talking about aesthetics and 

learning. From an emphasis on personality development and the teacher’s lack of expertise with the aesthetic sub- 

jects as an obstacle, the teachers expressed a view of having become more aware of the concept of learning objects 

in the aesthetics, of their own role as teachers in directing children’s attention and to listen to children. The teach- 

ers thus gained a new way of talking about themselves as teachers and about children’s learning within music, 

dance and poetry. 

Från görande till lärande och förståelse; En studie av lärares lärande inom estetik

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maj Asplund Carlsson

2008-10-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is to analyse teachers' changing ways of talking about children's aesthetic learning in the early years as a result of a research and development project. With a point of departure in developmental and variation theory, a praxis oriented project was designed with the aim of finding out whether collaborative talk and meta-cognitive dialogues could contribute to children's learning of music, dance and poetry. The participating teachers were offered in-service training in order to develop a new way of teaching and new ways of thinking about the curriculum and children's learning. Interviews with the teachers were carried out at the beginning and the end of the project. The teachers' learning was expressed in changed ways of talking about aesthetics and learning. From an emphasis on personality development and the teacher's lack of expertise with the aesthetic subjects as an obstacle, the teachers expressed a view of having become more aware of the concept of learning objects in the aesthetics, of their own role as teachers in directing children's attention and to listen to children. The teachers thus gained a new way of talking about themselves as teachers and about children’s learning within music, dance and poetry.

Long-Term Forecast 2012 - An impact analysis of existing policy instruments in energy- and climate area; Laangsiktsprognos 2012 - En konsekvensanalys av gaellande styrmedel inom energi- och klimatomraadet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2013-08-01

The Energy Agency has a mandate that under 'Ordinance on climate reporting' (SFS 2005:626) out projections for the energy sector of the European Parliament and Council Decision No 280/2004/EC concerning a 'Mechanism for monitoring the emissions of the Community greenhouse gas'. This report contains a reference trajectory until 2030, and two sensitivity scenarios. The forecast is based on existing instruments, which means that results of the report should not be regarded as a proper projection of future energy, but as the impact of current policy instruments given different conditions such as economic growth and fuel prices. The Energy Authority's long-term forecasts are studied energy system's long-term development on the basis of policy instruments and several assumed conditions. The conditions for this long-term prognosis was established in January 2012 and has its basis in the policy instruments decided until the turn of 2011/2012. The work was partially done in conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency assignments 'Assignment to provide input to a Swedish road map for Sweden without greenhouse gas emissions in 2050' as reported in December 2012. For a short-term development of the energy system the reader is referred to the Energy Authority's short-term forecasts that extend two to three years into the future and that are produced twice a year. Energy Agency's long-term projections are impact assessments with time horizon of 10-20 years which aims to describe the energy system's future development, provided a range of assumed conditions. If any of these conditions change it will also change forecast results. Economic development is an important assumption for the assessment of future energy.

Variations in the wood raw material for pellets manufacture and its influence on the quality of wood pellets; Variationer inom traeraavaran foer pelletstillverkning och deras paaverkan paa pelletskvaliteten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jirjis, Raida; Vinterbaeck, Johan; Engberg, Jessica [Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (Sweden). Dept. of Bioenergy; Oehman, Marcus [ETC Energitekniskt Centrum, Piteaa (Sweden)

2002-05-01

The aim of this project was to study the variations in properties of raw material and its effect on pellets quality. The project included three parts which together would help describe the relationship between material properties, process parameters and fuel quality. The first part dealt with a small-scale production of pellets using a well defined raw material. The objectives of this part were to study the effect of tree species, stem diameter and storage of raw material on pellets quality. In the second part of the project data concerning characteristics of raw material and product quality were collected from two pellet factories: SAABI AB, where spruce is the major raw material, and Bioenergi i Luleaa AB, which uses mainly sawdust from pine. The objectives of this part of the project were to analyse and evaluate the relationship between raw material properties/process parameters and fuel quality using multivariate data analysis. Part three of this project involved a questionnaire survey in which pellets producers were asked at four occasions during one year of production, to give information about variations in raw material properties during various seasons, characteristics of the material during pressing and to supply data related to process parameters. Data concerning variations in pellet quality during the whole year were also requested. The sawdust used in the first part of the project was originated from small diameter trees (14 cm in average) and large diameter stems (30-36 cm) of Scots pine and Norway spruce. One third of the material was dried at room temperature to a moisture content (MC) around 12 % (fresh weight basis), then frozen until needed. The rest of the material was stored in 32 plastic net bags in a large outdoor pile during the period end of May-January. The average dry matter loss in all assortments after eight months of storage was about 0.5 % per month. An attempt to produce pellets from the fresh and stored material from the various assortments was undertaken using a small Metador press machine. To study the effect of variations in the raw material on pellets quality, the setting of the press equipment was kept unchanged during the pressing of all assortments. Many technical difficulties were encountered during the small-scale manufacturing of the pellets. We only succeeded in pelletizing sawdust from fresh and four-months stored pine but not from 8-months stored pine or spruce assortments. The ash content in sawdust taken from different material was low and varied between 0.2 and 0.35 % of dry weight. The content of ash in the small-scaled produced pellets was close to that of the raw material. The initial average calorific heating values of pine, both thin and large diameter trees, were higher than that of spruce. The concentration of extractives, both those extracted with acetone or with alcohol, were generally higher in pine compared to spruce samples. A marked increase in the concentration of alcohol-soluble extractives was measured during the storing of sawdust from both pine and spruce. The pellets made from this material showed a similar pattern. This increase possibly reflects changes in some chemical components that were affected by the high temperature developed during storage. Attempts to relate the changes occurred in the raw material to the quality of the produced pellets were not totally successful partly due to the large variations within the raw material itself and partly because of the failure to palletise certain assortments. However, general conclusion are still possible to draw. The compact density of individual pellets varied very little between various samples produced by the small-scale pelletizing method. Similar results were obtained in pellets manufactured at the industrial factories. The durability of pellets produced using the small-scale method was generally higher when the raw material was stored before pelletizing. This observation is in agreement with the general opinion of many industrial manufacturers. No clear correlation between the extractives content and pellets durability was observed. Bulk density measurements, reported by the two pellets factories, varied very little between various seasons with possibly a slight increase during the winter. From the results obtained through the first two parts of the project, it was clear that both variables, i.e. raw material properties and process parameters have a considerable effect on pellets quality. Due to various reasons, the results obtained through the survey analyses in the third part of this project, were not sufficient to draw any reliable conclusions concerning the effect of seasonal variations on pellets quality.

Hur hotellgäster väljer att ta ton & vad vill de egentligen ha? : En kvantitativ studie om gästers uppfattning av service recovery inom hotellbranschen.

OpenAIRE

Nilsson, Caroline; Sundholm, Matilda

2015-01-01

Hotellbranschen är en bransch som ständigt expanderar. Även om beläggningsgraden på hotellen inte ökar avsevärt växer antalet övernattningar på hotell vilket tyder på en ökad konkurrensbild på marknaden. Samtidigt fokuserar tjänsteföretagen alltmer på företagets personalresurser och att kunna erbjuda något utöver kärntjänsten för att differentiera företagets position på marknaden. På ett hotell där hotellrummen är den huvudsakliga tjänsten läggs ett allt större f...

Att lära sig se trådraken – om tvekan och fokusförskjutning på väg mot förändrat kunnande

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marléne Johansson

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Utgångspunkten i denna artikel är empiriskt förankrade exempel från textilslöjdspraktiker i den svenska skolan; grundskolans slöjdundervisning årskurs 8 och ett specialutformat program inom gymnasieskolan med textil inriktning i årskurserna 1 och 3. Artikelns videoutdrag handlar alla om principiellt samma handling – trådrak mönsterutläggning på tyg – men, dels finns det två olika inramningar (grundskolan och gymnasieskolan, och dels exemplifierar de olika skeden av kunnande. Syftet är att beskriva skillnader i kunnande och vad som framstår som svårt för elever med liten eller ingen erfarenhet av att lägga ut mönster på ett tyg inför tillklippning och hur kunnandet förändras med ökande erfarenhet, liksom vilka nya svårigheter som följer med att elever arbetar med mönster av ökande komplexitet. Det som vid en första blick kan framstå som samma handling utvecklas över tid från något som framstår som enkel handling till att utvecklas i komplexitet. I de tvekan-situationer som beskriv finns potential för ett förändrat deltagande, där förändringen idealt är ett mer kompetent deltagande där ingen tvekan förekommer. Med ökad förtrogenhet kan uppmärksamheten förflyttas till något annat. Det vi är förtrogna med blir till rutiner och därmed behövs det en avvikelse för att fånga uppmärksamheten. I avvikelsen ligger möjligheterna till fortsatt lärande. Artikelns empiriska exempel synliggör dessa skillnader i kunnande som annars oreflekterat kan uppfattas som lika. Eleverna bygger in kunskap i sina handlingar, fokus flyttar från att inte veta vad man tittar på till självklarheten i handlingen. Eleverna lär sig se och urskilja.

Vad och hur gör de? − att synliggöra lärande i grundskolans slöjdpraktik via videoetnografi och mikroanalys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marléne Johansson

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Artikeln bygger på resultat och erfarenheter av etnografiskt insamlade videoinspelningar från grundskolans slöjdundervisning utgående från tre studier; dels vid ett projekt med förstudier under slutet av 1990-talet (Johansson, 1996, dels vid avhandlingsprojektet Slöjdpraktik i skolan (Johansson, 2002 och dels inom forskningsprojektet Kommunikation och lärande i slöjdpraktiker, (”Komolär-projektet”, under 2005−2010 (Lindström, Borg, Johansson & Lindberg, 2003.Att insamla empiri i autentiska slöjdmiljöer är av intresse då lärandesituationer kan synliggöras när elever med hjälp av material och redskap arbetar med att tillverka artefakter. Utifrån detaljerade analyser av slöjdaktiviteter går det att upptäcka det som utspelar sig och möjligheter ges att uppfatta något annat jämfört med vad man kan tro känna väl eller ha förenklade och till och med felaktiga uppfattningar om. Videoobservationer möjliggör att antaganden istället görs på empiriskt grundat datamaterial. Med risk att videofilma och analysera det man tror sig veta och söka har forskningsprojektens insamlingar mer förutsättningslöst arbetat efter vad och hur elever och lärare gör i slöjdpraktik och vad man får veta när slöjdaktiviteter analyseras mer ingående. Videomaterialen har analyserats både på en mer övergripande nivå och detaljerat med hjälp av mikroanalyser. Därefter har lärandet synliggjorts och beskrivits bland annat i teman för att visa hur personerna är resurser för varandra och hur lärandet utvecklas genom olika språkanvändning och med slöjdpraktikens fysiska redskap och material.Sökord: metod, slöjd, klassrumsforskning, videoetnografi, mikroanalysURN:NBN:no-29955

Motivation inom ämnet Idrott och hälsa : En intervjustudie av lärares uppfattningar om motivationens betydelse för ämnet Idrott och hälsa

OpenAIRE

Berglund, Evelina; Sjödin, Frida

2005-01-01

We wanted to study if and how students become motivated and stimulated towards a permanent interest for regular physical activity, from a pedagogical perspective. Our goal was to examine how physical education teachers create motivation for the students and how you, as a physical education teacher, can motivate those students who are physically inactive due to obesity or other various kinds of problems. In the theoretical background, we have made a summary of sports and development of the phy...

Efficient recovery and upgrading of waste heat from humid air in the forest industry. Pre-feasibility study; Energieffektivisering inom skogsindustrin genom spillvaermeaatervinning fraan vaatluft. Foerprojektering och loensamhetsbedoemning av anlaeggningsalternativ

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ingman, Daniel; Gustafsson, Maria; Westermark, Mats

2007-12-15

Within the pulp and paper and saw mill industries there are large quantities of waste heat in the form of moist air or humid flue gases. The temperature and dew point are generally too low for the streams to be useful as process heat. Waste heat can be recovered from humid gas streams e.g. outgoing gas from paper machines, lumber dryers, green liquor flash tanks, flue gases from power and recovery boilers, lime kilns etc. In general, this waste heat is available around 50-65 deg C. One way to utilise the heat on a higher temperature level is by means of heat pumping. The present project studies the possibility to use a recently developed absorption heat pump technology for upgrading waste heat to district heating or process steam. Via direct contact between the absorbent and humid gas stream, the moisture is condensed in the absorbent and the latent heat simultaneously increases the liquid's temperature. A number of process solutions have been calculated in terms of technical and economic performance. The process can be designed for production of hot water or process steam from upgraded waste heat. The end product is indirectly governed be the selection of absorbent or working medium. Investigated absorbents are solutions of potassium formate, sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid, of which the former two have been included in the techno-economic calculations. The upgraded heat can either save costs by replacing primary fuel or result in increased revenues by exporting produced heat. Internally, the produced heat often replaces oil or electricity on the margin. The choice of regeneration method for the used and diluted absorbent is governed by the mill's energy situation. Industries with large waste heat resources, high value on process steam and use of heat on district heat level, waste heat driven regeneration is advisable. Industries with similar value on MP and LP steam should use back-pressure regeneration with MP steam for optimum cost and energy efficiency for the heat upgrading process. The project was started with a questionnaire to the forest industry, including questions on temperature requirements for the upgraded heat. Out of 16 addressed and evaluated industries, three were selected for a more in-deep assessment. The following mills were selected: Braviken, Froevi and Malaa saw mill. Cost effective process solutions production of both process steam and district heating were studied for a number of waste heat sources. Upgraded waste heat is primary considered on the level of 85-90 deg C, but also hot water and process steam on 1-3 bar level. Waste heat sources evaluated in the techno-economic assessment are paper machine outlet, flue gases from power and recovery boilers as well as from lumber dryers. The results within every category are considered to be relatively general for similar companies in the forest industry. For all cases, a heat factor (coefficient of performance) 1.5-1.7 is calculated, i.e. the relation between upgraded waste heat (when applicable also incl. process steam) and the driving steam. A feasibility study for the three industries was carried out for four different process solutions for a pre-fabricated module of approximately 5 MW upgraded waste heat capacity. The investment cost for these modules was calculated to MSEK 14-19 on a +-30% level. The specific investment cost in relation to the upgraded waste heat capacity, varies between SEK 2,700 and 3,700 per kW of useful heat. The economic assessment shows a payback time under 2 years for three of the four processes that produce hot water and LLP steam. The forth process, for upgrading waste heat to LP steam (3 bara) via steam compression, is not profitable with the present assumptions. With the current energy costs there are no incentives to upgrade waste heat to LP steam with an absorption heat pump and steam compression. The study has shown that this novel absorption heat pump technology has technical and economical potential to increase the competitiveness of the forest industry. The profitability has been shown to be very good for a number of typical sources of waste heat in moist air within the forest industry

Organisational culture at the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority of Finland's department of Nuclear Reactor Regulation; Organisationskulturen inom den finlaendska Straalsaekerhetscentralens (STUK) avdelning foer oevervakning av kaernkraftverk

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reiman, T.; Norros, L. [VTT Automation, Esbo (Finland)

2001-03-01

A case study to investigate the organisational culture of the regulatory authority was conducted at the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority of Finland's (STUK) Nuclear Reactor Regulation (YTO) - department. Organisational culture is defined as a pattern of shared basic assumptions, which are basically unconscious. Objectives of the study were to conceptualise and describe the main characteristics of YTO's organisational culture and to carry out a tentative core task analysis of the inspectors' work. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used in the research. YTO's culture was identified as a hierarchy-focused culture with less emphasis on innovation or social support. However, the ideal values of the personnel emphasised also social support and goal setting. Ambiguous goals were felt by some personnel as increased uncertainty about the meaningfulness of one's job. Also a lack of feedback was mentioned. The core task analysis identified the critical functions of the regulatory practice. These functions specify the three roles of the regulatory authority, the expert role, the public role and the authority role. The culture must support the fulfilment of the requirements of all the three roles. Development needs in YTO's culture were identified and recommendations were made. (au)

Geologic facts for priority site selection in the area west of Simpevarp. Reports 1-4; Geologiskt underlag foer val av prioriterad plats inom omraadet vaester om Simpevarp. Delrapport 1-4

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wahlgren, Carl-Henric; Persson, Lena [SGU, Uppsala (Sweden); Danielsson, Peter; Berglund, Johan [SwedPower AB, Stockholm (Sweden); Triumf, Carl-Axel; Mattsson, Haakan; Thunehed, Hans [GeoVista AB, Luleaa (Sweden)

2003-03-01

The area west of Simpevarp at Oskarshamn is a candidate site for the Swedish repository for high-level radioactive waste. Since the available information of geologic structures in the area is not very detailed, measurements and interpretation of existing data have been performed in order to find inhomogeneities and local lineaments. Surveys were made air and by geophysical measurements in the field.

“det kan aldrig bli förlåtet, aldrig någonsin va… aldrig aldrig aldrig” : En intervjustudie om arbetsplatsrelaterad mobbning inom människovårdande yrken

OpenAIRE

Asp, Victoria; Svärd, Andrea

2018-01-01

Through qualitative telephone interviews, individuals' experiences of workplace-related bullying in human-care professions have been investigated in this study. Theories of recognition and stigma have been used as interpretative tools in the analyzes. The experiences of bullying have been spread, but some experiences are shared by informants. Some of the informants stated that the bullying was hidden and the perpetrators wanted to make them look stupid by hiding information. Many of the infor...

Public service för oss, vi eller dem? : En intervjustudie om mångfaldscoachers uppfattningar om mångfald och strävan mot detsamma inom public service-bolagen.

OpenAIRE

Huhta, Helena

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study is to dig deeper into the perceptions regarding diversity - and the ambition to achieve increased such - among those who have participated in the Swedish Public Service diversity coach education. Furthermore, the aim is also to problematize, and increase the awareness of, different outlooks on diversity and its practical usage. All in all, ten so called “Zebra coaches” have been interviewed for this study. The empirical material has been analysed through a theoretica...

Now we know this. Environmental impacts from wind power - results from research in the Vindval project 2005-2009; Nu vet vi det haer. Vindkraftens miljoepaaverkan - resultat fraan forskning 2005-2009 inom Vindval

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

2010-03-15

This report, directed to the general public, summarizes five years of research on wind power environmental impact. The 20 research projects to date have been in Vindval has studied how wind affects interests of human populations, marine life and birds and bats. We know for example that few people are disturbed by noise from wind turbines, that the foundations of offshore wind power plants form reefs that provide protection and food for fish, that birds flying over the sea veer at the turbines and that bats are reluctant to hunt insects at sea in strong winds. In the report, experts compile the results from Vindvals research. Researchers, planners and administrators talk about results and experiences. There are also descriptions of ten recently started projects

Izlaganje na javni uvid podataka o nekretninama i utvrđivanje prava na zemljištu u funkciji uspostave jedinstvenog registra zemljišta i prava na zemljištu u Brčko distriktu BiH : Public presentation of data on real-estate and determination of rights in function of the establishment of a single registry of real-estate and real rights to real-estate in the Brcko district of B&H

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Faruk Latifović

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Zakon o registru zemljišta i prava na zemljištu Brčko distrikta Bosne i Hercegovine je propisao uspostavu jedinstvene evidencije nekretnina i stvarnih prava na nekretninama u Brčko distriktu Bosne i Hercegovine. Poslovi uspostave jedinstvene evidencije, u segmentu izlaganja na javni uvid podataka o nekretninama i utvrđivanje prava, su povjereni Vijeću za izlaganje podataka o nekretninama i utvrđivanje prava na zemljištu Brčko distrikta Bosne i Hercegovine. Autor se, u ovom radu, uz nezaobilazan kraći prikaz historijata javnih evidencija na nekretninama u Bosni i Hercegovini, bavi organizacijom, nadležnostima i načinom rada Vijeća za izlaganje podataka o nekretninama i utvrđivanje prava na zemljištu Brčko distrikta BIH. Nakon što bude uspješno okončan projekat izlaganje podataka o nekretninama i utvrđivanje prava na zemljištu u Brčko distriktu BiH, svi geodetsko – katastarski podaci o nepokretnostima kao i podaci o njihovom pravnom statusu će biti vođeni u Registru zemljišta i prava na zemljištu Osnovnog suda Brčko distrikta BiH. : The Law of Land Registry and Rights over Land of the Brčko District of B&H stipulated the establishment of a single registry of real-estate and real rights to real-estate in the Brčko District of B&H. Activities of the establishment of a single registry, in the segment of public presentation of data on real-estate and determination of rights, were entrusted to the Council for Presentation of Data on Real-estate and Establishment of Rights to Land of the Brčko District of B&H. In this paper, the author presents the inevitable short overview of the history of real-estate registries in Bosnia and Herzegovina and he also deals with organization, competencies and manner of work of the Council for Presentation of Data on Real-estate and Establishment of Rights to Land of the Brčko District of B&H. After a successful completion of the project of presentation of data on real-estate and

Review of results from SKB R and D on grouting technology for sealing the rock, years 1996-2000; Oeversikt av resuItat fraan SKB:s FoU inom injekteringsteknik foer bergtaetning aaren 1996-2000

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boden, A. (ed.) [Swedpower AB, Stockholm (Sweden); Eklund, D. [Vattenfall Utveckling AB, Aelvkarleby (Sweden); Eriksson, Magnus [Royal Inst. of Technology, Stockholm (Sweden). Div. Soil and Rock Mechanics; Fransson, Aasa [Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Goeteborg (Sweden). Inst. of Geology; Hansson, Paer [Vattenfall Utveckling AB, Aelvkarleby (Sweden); Lagerblad, B. [Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Inst., Stockholm (Sweden); Lindblom, U. [Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Goeteborg (Sweden). Dept. of Geotechnical Engineering; Wilen, P. [Swedpower AB, Goeteborg (Sweden)

2001-05-01

In order identify the current state of the art and developments needs, SKB assembled a group of experts from universities and other research organisations. Internal plans were written for the subprojects 'Characterisation of rock for grouting purposes', 'Mechanisms that control the spreading of grout in jointed rock' and 'Cement based grouting material'. Later internal plans for the subprojects 'Demands on grouting' and 'Stabilising and sealing effect of pre-grouting' were written. The aims, which were set for the different subprojects, were in short, to summarise the technological advances, establish a method for rock characterisation from a grouting point of view, develop conceptual and numerical models for simulation of the grouting course, characterise grout in a relevant way, develop understanding and theoretical know-how of durability and chemical influence, identify and develop a number of grouting materials for different situations, develop a specification of requirements for grouting and to verify the theories in laboratory. In the subproject 'Demands on grouting' a literature review was carried out. One important conclusion from the study is that the concept is not very well dealt with in the literature. SKB are currently investigating the prerequisites for the construction of the deep repository. One part of that work is to further specify demands on maximum allowed volume of leakage water for the repository as a whole and also for each part of the deep repository. In the subproject 'Characterisation of rock for grouting purposes', the possibilities of using hydraulic tests for predictions and design have been studied. The idea of this study was to investigate correspondences and deviations to increase the understanding of what is measured in a water-loss measurement. One can draw the conclusion that hydraulic tests are useful when describing the fracture geometry. Numerical modelling and experiments indicate that the specific capacity, Q/{delta}h, (flow/head) is a robust parameter and that the distribution of specific capacities and calculated apertures pictures the geometric variations within the fracture. This distribution may, together with the area, also give an estimate of the fracture volume. The distribution of specific capacities and apertures within a fracture may help when choosing grouting strategy like choice of grout and order of grouting. The work in the subproject 'Mechanisms that control the spreading of grout in jointed rock ' has dealt with laboratory tests, numerical modelling and a summarising conceptual model. The results of the laboratory tests are a number of phenomenological studies of the spreading mechanisms. Preliminary attempts to take care of filtration and separation while grouting are incorporated in a numerical model. Software that generates fracture geometry, calculates penetration with respect to filtration and separation and evaluates the effect of grouting has been developed. A conceptual model has been developed, describing how to calculate the sealing efficiency and how a prediction of the leakage into a tunnel can be done. The subproject 'Stabilising and sealing effect of pre-grouting' has aimed to create a theoretical base for the modelling of the behaviour of weakness zones under the influence of different reinforcement systems in combination with pre-grouting of the zone. Freezing of a zone weathered down to gravel has also been studied. By, analytically or graphically, putting the ground reaction curve (GRC) together with the reaction curve of the reinforcement, the tunnel wall deformation is obtained in the current case. The studies show that, when using modern software for rock mechanical analyses, it is possible to create the necessary theoretical base for a decision on driving through a weakness zone in good bedrock. When driving, the great difficulty is probably to, fast enough, obtain relevant material parameters as input in the model. Therefore field investigations and rock mechanical analyses should be carried through already at the planning stage. The subproject 'Cement based grouting material' is divided into three parts. The part 'Inventory and characterisation of material' has mainly dealt with finely ground cements and different types of super plasticizers. The biggest durability problem regarding cement-based grouts is that they contain water-soluble components. Durability will mainly be a function water penetration through the grouted zone. This will, in turn, depend on the coefficient of fullness in the fracture system and the permeability of the stiffened grout. Therefore, a valuation of leaching and durability has to be based on studies of grout in fractures in the rock and calcium content of the penetrating water. Grout based on granulated blast-furnace slag and/or silica fume contains less calcium hydroxide, which decreases the leaching. These cements are, however, very slow if they aren't accelerated.(abstract truncated)

Winter-catastrophies in the reindeer husbandry of Finland: Losses and their prevention

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Timo Helle

1982-05-01

esiintymistå Suomen poronhoidossa. Erityistä huomiota kiinnitetään talvikatojen ja laiduntilanteen välisiin yhteyksiin, katojen vaikutuksiin poron populaatiodynamiikkaan sekå käytettyihin katojen ennalta ehkåisymenetelmiin. Porokato on määritetty tilanteeksi, jossa porojen määrä (yli 1-vuotiaat ja vasat jåå 20% pienemmäksi kuin kahden edellisen vuoden porolukujen keskiarvio. Poronhoitovuosina 1970/71—1980/81 talvikadoissa menetettiin 4.5% kokonaisporomäärästä. Mentykset olivat suurimmat pohjoisimmassa Lapissa, missa porojen saatavilla ei ole jäkälän kaivun estyesså vaihtoehtoista ravintoa kuten poronhoitoalueen etelå- ja keskiosissa. Lähemmin tarkastelluss a Kaldoaivin paliskunnassa Utsjoella vasaprosentti on riippuvainen siitå, miten hyvin porot ovat selvinneet talvesta (r=0.62, n=ll, p«0.05. Vasojen syystalvisen teuraspainon ja vasaprosentin välillä on myös positiivinen korrelaatio (r=0.79, n=7, p«0.05. Vaikeina talvina hirvaiden kuolevuus on suhteellisesti suurempi kuin vaadinten. Talvikatastrofeja voidaan ehkåistå ennakolta porolukua alentamalla (varsin harvinaista ja kohdistamalla teurastus populaation riskialteimpaan osaan. Tehokkaimmaksi osoittautunut menetelmå on kuitenkin lisä-ja hätäruokinnan järjestäminen. Normaalivuosina lisäruokintaan käytettiin 1970-luvulla 0.5—1.5 milj. kg kuiva heinää, ts. 5.9—12.5 kg yli 1-vuotiasta poroa kohti. Intensiivisessä tarharuokinnassa elätettiin normaalitalvina 10—16% porokannasta. Lisäruokinta ja tarhaus on yleisintä poronhoitoalueen etelä- ja keskiosissa, missä tarvittava rehu on saatavissa omasta takaa.Vinterkatastrofer inom renskötseln i Finland: Förluster och deras förebyggande.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Artikeln behandlar forekomsten av katastrofvintrar inom renskötsen i Finland. Sårskilt uppmärksamhet fästs vid sambandet mellan vinterkatastrofer och betesmarkernas Situation, katastrofernas inverknan på renens populationsdynamik samt de metoder som anv

Notes on methodology and pitfalls in science and research and on communication of results. Some aspects related to EMF; Synpunkter paa metodik och fallgropar inom vetenskap och forskning samt hur resultaten kommuniceras. Naagra aspekter relaterade till EMF

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cedervall, Bjoern (Unit of Med. Radiation Physics and Med. Radiation Biology, Dept. Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Inst., Stockholm (Sweden))

2009-06-15

There are many aspects of the controversy around EMF and potential risks that are largely unknown to the wider audience. Such aspects form the basis for the topics discussed in this report. More specifically focus has been on arguments related to possible cause-effect where linguistic barriers and societal 'filters' (for instance by uncritical media) may constitute a problem. Regardless of whether scientists are working with for example molecular biology or epidemiology they are confronted with a number of methodological problems that may be difficult or even impossible to master. Such difficulties are seldom seen in press releases, news media and so on but they may still be part of many scientists' daily challenges. The most difficult communication challenge is probably that if something is absolutely safe it cannot be proven. An unknown virus, bacterium, or chemical contaminant may completely ruin experiments in a molecular biology experiment but at least the experiments can be repeated and often measures can be taken once such a contamination has been found. For epidemiological studies there is always a specific challenge in that the investigations cannot be repeated as people never do the same things under the same conditions and in a predictable manner. It is with this background and context that the author has chosen to treat some methodological problems in science as well as the so-called Hill's criteria for cause-effects. A shorter comment has been made with reference to various aspects of the precautionary principle as it is often referred to in the EMF debate but most often, however, it has seldom been clarified what is meant by precautionary practices or actions. Precaution is closely related to human fear and therefore a corresponding chapter has been included. This report ends with a few looks into the historical rear-view mirror which illuminates the anticipated benefits with the invisible and mystical rather than the potential risks. As is obvious, many disease categories have historically been subjects for magneto therapy and 'cures'

Låt inte gästen få sista ordet. : En kvalitativ studie om hur tjänsteföretag inom besöksnäringen arbetar och skulle kunna arbeta med Sociala medier, WOM och eWOM

OpenAIRE

Braunander, Joacim; Olofsson, Fredrik

2015-01-01

Internet har utvecklats snabbt de senaste åren och med utvecklingen har sociala medier blivit en stor del av Internet. Sociala medier innebär all form av kommunikation som sker på Internet så som exempelvis Tripadvisor, Facebook, Twitter, Booking.com eller Instagram. Konsumenter som väljer att kommentera upplevelser och produkter på sociala medier ökar. Enligt forskning så litar framtida konsumenter mer på andra konsumenters kommentarer än vad de litar på företagets marknadsföring över deras ...

Problems concerning food production, supply and use caused by radioactive deposition: A study directed towards needs for early decision making after radioactive fallout; Radiakproblem inom livsmedelssektorn: En studie inriktad paa behoven foer beslutsfattande i tidigt skede efter radioaktivt nedfall

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bergman, R

1995-12-01

The primary aim of this study is to analyze and describe how a radioactive deposition after nuclear weapons employment outside Sweden would affect the domestic food production in a short time perspective and in the sequence of events from primary production over processing and transport to food consumption. The study is an attempt at a comprehensive treatment of knowledge needed as a basis for decisions on operative issues, often of a time-urgent nature. Actions to alleviate the problems pertinent to the food supply in the event of radioactive fallout are also discussed, although without any claim of exhaustive coverage. Other aspects, as the economical consequences of the disturbances due to the fallout situation (or of possible counteractions) are not dealt with, however. With certain restrictions mentioned in the text the results are also applicable in connection with radioactive deposition caused by accidental release from a nuclear power plant. 60 refs, 32 figs.

Heideggerov koncept myslenia v inom počiatku a výklad základných vzťahov v otvorenom poli (Heidegger’s Concept of Thinking in Different Beginning and Interpretation of Ground Relations in Open Field

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Branislav Motýľ

2015-12-01

Full Text Available In this study author on a basis of selected passages from Heidegger’s Contributions to Philosophy (Beiträge zur Philosophie interprets Heidegger’s key moments in change of thinking in other beginning. Through analysis of ground attunement (die Grundbestimmung he clarifies a structure of this thinking. He claims that this thinking opens a possibility of interpretation of ground relations in open field and through interpretation of various moments of Da-sein characterizes their meaning.

New Settlement Areas at Forbiden Zone of Merapi Volcano (Case at Srumbung, Magelang

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Su Ritohardoyo

2016-12-01

those who stay in agriculture village are local people. The latter mostly joined transmigration program, which are supposed to stay in outer islands. A part from origin area, the difference of two settlers is also indicated by motivation. Economic motives are more dominant for those who settle in mining village than those who settle in agriculture village. The latter tend to have social motives to stay. The difference in settlement pattern between the vilages lays in ‘intermediary settlement’. This means that mining settlers have previously stayed in transmigration area. The duration to stay is between 15 to 20 years as compared to mining settlers whose duration to stay are between 5 to 10 years. Although the average household monthly inome in the respective two vilages is relatif the same (i.e. Rp 323,366 in Kaligesik and Rp 335,557 in Sumberejo, the physical condition of housing in Sumberejo look a little better than in Kaligesik. Despite the respective differences, people in the two villages tend to stay permanently. This means that the effort to vacant these prohibitive region will become more difficult.

APRI-7 Accident Phenomena of Risk Importance. A progress report on research in the field of severe accidents in 2009-2011; APRI-7 Accident Phenomena of Risk Importance. En laegesrapport om forskningen inom omraadet svaara haverier under aaren 2009-2011

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garis, Ninos; Agrell, Maria [SSM, Stockholm (Sweden); Glaenneskog, Henrik [Vattenfall Research and Development AB, Aelvkarleby (Sweden)] [and others

2012-11-01

Knowledge of the phenomena that may occur during severe accidents in a nuclear power plant is an important prerequisite for being able to predict the plant behavior, in order to formulate procedures and instructions for incident handling, for contingency planning, and to get good quality at the accident analysis and risk studies. Since the early 80's nuclear power companies and authorities in Sweden has collaborated in research on severe reactor accidents. Cooperation in the beginning was mostly linked to strengthening the protection against environmental impacts after a severe reactor accident, in particular to develop systems for filtered depressurization of the reactor containment. Since the early 90's the cooperation has partially changed and shifted to the phenomenological questions of risk dominance. During the years 2009-2011, cooperation continued in the research-program APRI-7. The aim was to show whether the solutions adopted in the Swedish strategy for accident management provides reasonable protection for the environment. This was done by gaining detailed knowledge of both important phenomena in the hearth melting behavior, and the amount of radioactivity that can be discharged to the surroundings during a severe accident. To achieve this aim, the research program has included a follow-up of international research in severe accidents and evaluation of results, and continued to support research at KTH and Chalmers Univ. of severe accidents. The follow-up of international research has promoted the exchange of knowledge and experience and has provided access to a wealth of information about various phenomena relevant to the events at severe accidents. This was important to obtain a good basis for assessment of abatement measures in the Swedish nuclear reactors. Continuing support to the Royal Inst. of Technology has provided increased knowledge about the ability to cool the molten core of the reactor vessel and the processes associated with cooling the enclosure and steam explosions. A computational tools have been developed to analyze a meltdown of the reactor vessel bottom. The calculations show that a cooling flow through the actuators should enable us to delay the melting of the tank bottom, but might hamper the further development if the tank bottom melting it occurred. Experiments and analyzes show that the porosity of the gravel bed is high and geometries with an insulating layer of fine particles on top of a gravel bed is less likely. Reducing the water depth and/or increasing diameter of the melt jet, increases the risk of a non refrigeratable configuration. Completed research on steam explosions have given us more detailed knowledge, but this is still not sufficient to provide a full understanding of the process in the context of a meltdown. Based on the results of research at KTH, it is considered that it is not realistic in a completely deterministic way to determine how an accident sequence has developed. The support to Chalmers research has given greater knowledge of breakdown chemistry, mainly jod behavior in the enclosure and the scrubber after a breakdown. The understanding of the basic relationship for the distribution of methyl iodide between water and gas phase has increased. Experiments and analyzes have made clear that the redox potential in an aquatic environment have a minor impact on the ability to retain iodine as long as the pH is kept above the acid range. There is a potential to strengthen the scrubbers iodine separation capability with the addition of an organic phosphorus compound.

Low temperature absorption chiller - Report from a project in the programs Climate 21 and 'More efficient refrigeration and heat pump systems. Final report; Laagtemperaturdriven absorptionskylmaskin - Rapport oever ett projekt inom programmen Klimat 21 och Effektivare Kyl- och Vaermepumpssystem. Slutrapport

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fredrik Setterwall [Fredrik Setterwall Konsult AB, Sollentuna (Sweden); Andersson, Mikael [AB Berglunds Rostfria, Boden (Sweden); Glebov, Dmitrey; Martin, Viktoria [Royal Inst. of Technology, Stockholm (Sweden). Dept. of Chemical Technology

2005-06-01

An absorption chiller with a 1.15 MW cooling effect has been designed in a collaboration project comprising university, industry and end-user. This chiller is designed to run on district heating (70-90 deg C), and its layout and function differs from conventional absorption chillers as outlined below. The chiller's heat transfer surfaces may be installed horizontally or vertically, resulting in flexibility in system design. In a conventional absorption chiller, these surfaces are always horizontally aligned. The high-pressure and low-pressure parts of the chiller may be placed independently of each other. In a conventional chiller, the high-pressure part must always be placed on top of the low-pressure part. To enable the flexibility in design and system layout, this chiller is equipped with four internal pumps instead of only two in conventional design. The increased number of pumps leads to an increase of the installed electrical power for internal pumps. The electrical power for the internal pumps is however only a small fraction of the totally installed electrical power. The main part is utilized for pumping of cooling water and coolant. This low temperature driven, single-effect chiller has a high coefficient of performance (COP). The 'first generation machine' installed at Chalmers University of Technology has a COP equal to 0.75 at full load. Through the control strategy used, the chiller can maintain a high COP even at part load. Because of the high COP, the electricity consumption of the cooling water pump is kept low. To lower the size of the absorber and generator, the chiller is equipped with extra plate heat exchangers to cool the strong solution before the absorber, and preheat the weak solution before the generator. To increase the heat transfer rate, a new additive (2-methyl-penthanol) has been tested. As compared to the conventional heat transfer additive (2-ethyl-hexanol), the heat transfer enhancement was 20% higher with the new additive. During the summer of 2003, the low temperature driven absorption chiller installed at Chalmers University of Technology has continuously delivered cooling. On average, the cooling has amounted to 10 MWh/day, with a COP between 0.7 and 0.8. One remaining problem of the machine is that the pressure rises with 2 mbar/day, and hence vacuum pumping is required to remove inert gases. The probable cause of this pressure increase is corrosion. Thus, this problem will be eliminated once the proper composition of corrosion inhibitors has been found. Work on this is presently ongoing. A simulation Excel-programme derived within the project enables calculation of the sizes of the heat transfer surfaces of the chiller for a given cooling power, COP and temperatures of the cooling water and the driving energy. The programme could also be used for calculation of the influence of changing temperatures of the cooling water and of the driving energy as well as part load properties of an existing chiller. It can be concluded that with energy researchers, utility companies, and decision makers, the interest in heat driven cooling has increased during the years of the project. This is due to the increased cooling demand in Sweden, and the world, while global efforts towards a sustainable energy system put demands on managing the need for power, and increased used of renewables. The lower the driving temperature, the greater the potential for generating environmentally sound cooling by way of solar, geothermal, industrial waste heat and district heating based on waste heat.

Measuring Technique for emission of carbon dioxide - principles and costs for monitoring within the framework of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme; Maetteknik foer koldioxidutslaepp - principer och kostnader foer oevervakning inom ramen foer EU:s system foer handel med utslaeppsraetter foer koldioxid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lau, Peter; Gustavsson, Lennart; Magnusson, Bertil; Loefdahl, Gunn-Mari

2004-07-01

The report describes different methods to monitor the variables, used to calculate the emission of carbon dioxide, within the framework of the Emissions Trading Scheme. All factors such as the amount of material (e.g. fuel used from supply data or measurement), the thermal value, transition- or emission factor and any oxidation factor of the material, are discussed. The main part of the report, chapters 3-5, deals with the measurements of the so called activity data, i.e. primarily the amount of fuel and carbonaceous materials which will result in CO{sub 2}- emission, and which is introduced to, or which is the result of a process in the form of a product. A background regarding metrological aspects is given, primarily how the uncertainty of the different monitoring levels of the reported CO{sub 2}-values, can be met. Chapter 6 deals with the thermal value, transition- or emission factor and the oxidation factor. As a conclusion from putting together this report, we can verify that there are many different types of scales and flow-meters (for liquids) that technically have the potential to determine the amount of fuel/material with sufficiently low measurement uncertainty, even to reach the highest verification level of 1 %. But to make this work in practice, a number of requirements must be met. The measuring instruments must be installed and maintained in such a way that the capability of the instruments really is utilized. In many cases, there must also be routines on how to handle the results from the measurements, including e.g. correction for temperature etc. A tip for those that quickly wish to find vital information is to use the compilations that can be found as figures in the report. In the compilation over 'Conditions' Chapter 4, information on the prerequisites that must be met for the measuring instrument related to the different verification (uncertainty) levels, is compiled in one diagram, with codes referring to short descriptions. Regarding the choice of instrument, essential data is compiled regarding area of use and related costs.

Coolability of the melt in the reactor tank. A compilation and evaluation of the state of the art and suggestions for experiments in the area; Smaeltans kylbarhet i reaktortanken. En sammanstaellning och vaerdering av kunskapslaeget och foerslag till experiment inom omraadet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mueller, Ferenc [ES-konsult Energi och Saekerhet AB, Stockholm (Sweden)

2002-04-01

This study is limited to experiments about phenomena and mechanisms that affect the coolability of core debris in the reactor tank that may delay the tank rupture. The goal of the study is to get an overview of the phenomena that are important for the in-vessel coolability, and to evaluate the need for new experiments. Both theoretical and experimental projects are suggested.

Approaches to estimate body condition from slaughter records in reindeer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Olofsson

2008-12-01

ända rutinregistreringar och extra registreringar vid slakt som konditionsindikatorer och därmed indikatorer för betestillstånd i sommarland inom rennäringen. Registreringar från 696 renar, slaktade under säsongen 2003/2003 användes i studien. Vi utvecklade en modell där slaktvikt var den enda indikatorn på kroppskondition, samt två modeller som kombinerade fett- och formklassificeringen med slaktvikt och kroppsstorlek som indikatorer på kroppskondition. Resultaten visade att renarnas ålder och kön ger skillnader i de olika variablerna och att modellernas noggrannhet ökar om djuren grupperas med tanke på ålder och kön. Att korrigera slaktvikten för kroppsstorlek ökade precisionen för vikt som konditionsindikator för vuxna djur. Fett- och formklassificeringen överensstämde väl med storlekskorrigerad slaktvikt och skulle med fördel kunna inkluderas tillsammans med slaktvikt och storlek för skattning avkroppskondition från slaktkroppar. Våra analyser visar att användning avslaktregistreringar är en bra och billig metod för att skatta kroppskonditionen hos renhjorden.

Reports in the area sensor technology: Part 2: Dynamic deviations which may appear via the sensing lines in measurement of reactor pressure and level; Rapporter inom omraadet sensorteknik, Del 2: Dynamiska avvikelser som kan uppstaa via impulsledningarna vid maetning av reaktortryck och nivaa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bergdahl, Bengt-Goeran [GSE Power Systems AB, Nykoeping (Sweden)

2002-12-01

The sensors are part of the safety system in a nuclear power plant. They are the first link in a chain of components, which affect the safety system. It is therefore of great importance that the sensors fulfil tough requirements on reliability and response time. In practice, the dynamic qualities of the sensors in a BWR are seldom, or never, tested. The static qualities, on the other hand, are controlled every year when the transmitters are calibrated. This is done during the regular outage of the power plant. It is common that several sensors are connected to the same sensing line. This is true especially in old reactors, where only a few pressure taps are available in the reactor pressure vessel. This is a troublesome disadvantage in the design, since a failure in one sensing line will affect all components, which are connected to that sensing line ('Common Cause Failure'). This report focuses on deviations in the measurement system connected to the sensing lines. The deviations are illustrated by examples from Swedish and foreign BWRs. The sensing lines are mechanically passive components. They can reduce a system's response time even if there are now deviations in the static presentation. This report mentions cases in nuclear power plants, where the time constant of the sensing line has changed from 0.1 seconds, which is a normal response time, to 5 seconds. This has happened because of a gradual blockage of the sensing line. Today, signal analysis is the only way to examine the dynamic qualities of sensing lines. Filtrations can be unveiled by measuring and analysing the transmitter signal, regardless the location of the filtration: in the sensing line, in the transmitter or in other instrumentation components. A practical case is presented where pulsation dampers with so-called needles were used at Ringhals 1 in Sweden. Their influence on the response time for the measurement signal corresponds to a time constant = 0.55 s. By eliminating the needles the demand on the response time was fulfilled. The report presents how blocking of the sensing lines can be supervised. Examples are given from the Muehleberg NPP (KKM). Examples are shown with a flow measurement transmitter, which has pulsation dampers. For this presentation, results with GSE's database for sensor tests, SensBase, are used. SensBase stores new results every year. In this way, the influence of component ageing can also be detected. Because of the use of SensBase, the Swiss nuclear power inspectorate has approved less frequent calibration of the transmitters. The report also presents pressure oscillations that take place in the sensing line and not in the real measured process. The water in the sensing line together with the transmitter membrane form a dynamic system with water as mass, elasticity in the transmitter membrane as spring constant and reactor pressure fluctuations as driving force. The problem with oscillations in the measurement system is illustrated with examples from Ringhals 1 and KKM. Another example from KKM shows how the oscillation in a level transmitter of the type Barton Cell affected a large number of transmitters, which were all connected to the common sensing lines. It was possible to identify the deviating transmitter by experiments with isolation valve closures in the sensing lines during power operation. After the transmitter had been changed to one with a smaller volume and smaller displacement, the oscillations disappeared. Finally, the report also shows that mechanical vibrations in the sensing lines contribute to the signal noise around 10 Hz. This is shown by means of laboratory tests at KKM. At this plant, transmitters have also been replaced because of deviating noise in the frequency interval 2-20 Hz. After the transmitter had been replaced, the noise disappeared. The results from KKM show that it can never be excluded that ageing may increase the transmitter's sensitivity to vibrations of the sensing line.

Long term effects on water streams of wood ash recycling to a forest plantation; Laangtidsverkan paa avrinnande vatten av askaaterfoering till plantskog. Slutrapport foer en delstudie inom det av Energimyndigheten finansierade projektet 'Skogliga aatgaerder - effekter paa kol-, naering- och tungmetallfloeden'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eriksson, Hillevi; Nilsson, Torbjoern [Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (Sweden). Dept. of Forest Soils

2001-12-01

The chemical composition of runoff from a wood ash fertilized catchment in central Sweden have been studied during eight years after the treatment. The effects of the ash treatment was compared with a 12ayear long reference period and a reference catchment close to the ash treated catchment. The ash treated area was earlier (winter 1980/81) whole-tree-harvested to 90 %. At the same time the reference area was stemwood harvested on 60 % of the area. Both areas were planted with spruce and pine. Granulated ash was spread on the whole-tree-harvested area, by helicopter, on two occasions (1aton per hectare in May 1989 and 2 tonnes per hectare in October 1991). During the first ash application a marked peak in K concentration was observed. The second ash application caused a high peak in K concentration. Short-lived peaks was also observed for pH, electric conductivity, ANC, Mg, Na and Cl. Significant increases of pH, electric conductivity, Ca, K and Cl was observed in runoff water from the ash treated area during the 8-year-period after the last ash spreading. However, during the same period concentrations of NH4-N, N03-N and total N have shown a relative decrease in runoff water from the ash treated area, compared to the reference area.

Regional Focus on Small-scale wind power (<50kW) in southeastern Sweden within the Network for wind farms. Final Report, Project No. 31852-1. ; Regional Satsning paa Smaaskalig vindkraft (<50kW) i sydoestra Sverige inom Naetverket foer vindbruk. Slutrapport, projekt nr 31852-1.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tyrberg, Lennart (ed.)

2011-07-01

Energy Agency for Southeast Sweden AB, the Swedish Network for wind farming and the EU project RuralRES have collaborated in this project. The project has resulted in a competence buildup and dissemination of small-scale wind power knowledge. The project has, among other things documented good practices and performs feasibility studies for establishment of small scale wind power. This work has led to an understanding of preconditions for a successful investment in small-scale wind power. The dissemination of this knowledge here in the region, in other parts of Sweden and to other partners in the EU project has contributed to a more realistic level of expectations on small-scale wind power, something that is very important for the industry's continued development. A good wind location is the most important prerequisite for a successful wind power project; this applies to small as well as large-scale wind power. Availability of reliable wind turbines with good performance is important for the development of the industry. Further, it should be reasonably easy to get building permits and permits for electricity connection. The growth might be stimulated by the introduction of net charging and an adaptation of the electricity certificate system for small producers.

Study of surface alterations of composite and ionomeric materials submitted to simulation of a high cariogenic challenge Estudo da erosão superficial de materiais compósitos e inoméricos submetidos à simulação de um alto desafio cariogênico

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Alexandre Rezende VIEIRA

1999-12-01

Full Text Available We evaluated the surface of composite resins and glass-ionomer cements in a situation of high cariogenic challenge. Based on seventy-five standard test specimens of one glass-ionomer cement (Chelon Fil - ESPE, one resin-modified glass-ionomer (Vitremer - 3M, two polyacid-modified composite (VariGlass and Dyract - Dentsply and one composite resin (Heliomolar - Vivadent, submitted to fourteen days of demineralization and remineralization cycling to simulate a high cariogenic challenge, the erosive aspects of the surface of the materials were assessed. All of the samples were evaluated by scanning electronic microscope and compared with another five test specimens of each material, prepared in the same way and serving as control. All of the materials studied suffered erosive action by the media, with different characteristics due to the different compositions, after being submitted to in vitro simulation of a high cariogenic challenge.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a superfície de compósitos e cimentos de ionômero de vidro, frente a uma situação de alto desafio cariogênico. A partir de setenta e cinco corpos-de-prova padronizados de um cimento de ionômero de vidro (Chelon Fil - ESPE, um ionômero de vidro resina-modificado (Vitremer - 3M, dois compósitos poliácido-modificados (VariGlass e Dyract - Dentsply e um compósito (Heliomolar - Vivadent, e após serem submetidos a quatorze dias a ciclagens de desmineralização e remineralização, para simular um alto desafio cariogênico, foram avaliados os aspectos erosivos da superfície dos materiais. Todos os corpos-de-prova foram avaliados ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura e comparados com cinco outros corpos-de-prova de cada material, confeccionados da mesma forma e que serviram como controle. Todos os materiais estudados sofreram ação erosiva dos meios, com características distintas, devido às suas diferentes composições, após serem submetidos à simulação in vitro de um alto desafio cariogênico.

Separation and storage of carbon dioxide in a Nordic systems perspective - a study based on work in the IEA R and D programme on greenhouse gases; Avskiljning och lagring av koldioxid i ett nordiskt systemperspektiv - en studie baserad paa arbete inom IEA:s FoU-program kring vaexthusgaser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gode, Jenny; Hovsenius, Gunnar

2005-10-01

The purpose of this report has been to summarise state-of-the art regarding carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) from a Nordic energy system point of view. The report is to a great extent based on studies carried out within the IEA Greenhouse Gas RandD Programme up to and including springtime 2005. It will probably take 10-20 years before CCS will be applied in a wider scale within Europe. Meanwhile, other measures are necessary to reduce the emissions of CO{sub 2}. The techniques for CO{sub 2} capturing from fossil fuels can be divided into three categories: 1. Post combustion capture. Absorption with monoethanolamine (MEA) is the most studied option and is used for small as well as large applications at present. The technique can be used for retrofits, but due to high costs it is more likely to be applied for new plants. The environmental consequences are not completely known. 2. Oxyfuel combustion. Combustion with oxygen or oxygen enriched air generates an exhaust gas mainly consisting of carbon dioxide and water, which can be easily separated by condensation. The technique is promising for new plants. 3. Precombustion decarbonisation. The technique involves transformation of the fuel into hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The hydrogen can be used for example in a gas turbine for producing electricity. The method is not in commercial use yet, and will probably mainly be used for new plants. After capturing the CO{sub 2}, it is either transported to a storage site or used for enhanced oil/gas recovery. The CO{sub 2} is mainly transported as a liquid through pipelines or by ship. The global potential for storing carbon dioxide is estimated to be very large, especially storage in saline aquifers or depleted oil/gas fields where the potentials are estimated to be 1,000-10,000 G ton of CO{sub 2}, respectively 800-920 G ton of CO{sub 2}. Saline aquifers constitute the main storage potential for Northern Europe as well, with an estimated capacity of 1500 G ton of CO{sub 2} only in aquifers known today. This can be compared to the total European CO{sub 2} emissions of 3 G ton per year. Several aquifers are known within or near the Nordic countries. One aquifer is spreading from south-west of Sweden to northern Germany, and another one from south-east of Gotland towards Kaliningrad, Russia. Eight aquifers have been identified in Denmark, and in Norway, large-scale capture and storage of CO{sub 2} is carried out at a natural gas field in the North Sea. There are also several known aquifers e.g. in Germany. The cost of capture, transport and storage of CO{sub 2} is calculated to be 300-550 SEK/ton CO{sub 2} avoided, of which capturing costs constitute about 75 %. A cost of 300 SEK/ton CO{sub 2} avoided corresponds to an increase in electricity cost of about 0.12-0.25 SEK/kWh. There is a considerable RandD need to reduce the cost of CO{sub 2} capture. It is also important to ensure that the storage be done in a safe and sustainable manner. Public acceptance and legal issues must also be carefully investigated prior to large-scale application of the technique.

Effects of reindeer density on vascular plant diversity on North Scandinavian mountains

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Johan Olofsson

2005-04-01

studerade hur renbete påverkar kärlväxtflorans artrikedom och diversitet på dolomitpåverkade lågalpina lokaler i de artrikaste delarna av norra Fennoskandien. Vi inventerade 8 lokaler med olika rentätheter. Två lokaler ligger inom Malla Nationalpark, där renar har varit förbjudna sedan 1981 och starkt begränsade sedan 1950-talet. De sex andra lokalerna ligger i andra artrika områden med samma dolomitdominerade berggrund, men är betade av renar. Rentätheterna vid de studerade lokalerna varierar från helt obefintligt till bland de högsta rentätheter man kan finna i Fennoskandien. Inventeringen utfördes genom att systematiskt undersöka fyra 2 m x 10 m stora ytor i varje lokal i en habitattyp som är speciellt rik i ovanliga kärlväxter (fjällsippehed-lågörtsäng komplex. Varje yta delades upp i 20 småytor (1 m x 1 m, och en total artlista upprättades för var och en av dessa småytor. Den första axeln i DCA (detrended correspondence analyses analysen korrelerade med rentätheten. Det visar att renar påverkar sammansättningen av växtsamhället. Ingen av de vanliga måtten på biodiversitet (artrikedom eller Shannon-Wiener diversitetsindex var korrelerade med rentätheten. Trots detta, var tätheterna av Ca-gynnade växter och arter rödlistade i Finland positivt korrelerade med rentätheten. Trots att renarna inte påverkade totala artrikedommen, kan de vara betydelsefulla för regionala biodiversiteten eftersom de gynnar ovanliga och hotade arter. De vanliga måtten på biodiversitet har begränsat värde för bevarandebiologiska frågeställningar, eftersom de är lika känsliga för ovanliga och vanliga arter.

A systems study of the future waste management system in Boraas. Part of the project: 'Thermal and biological waste treatment in a systems perspective'; Systemstudie Avfall - Boraas: En systemstudie foer den framtida avfallsbehandlingen i Boraas. Ett delprojekt inom projektet 'Termisk och biologisk avfallsbehandling i ett systemperspektiv'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bisaillon, Mattias; Haraldsson, Maarten; Sundberg, Johan; Norrman Eriksson, Ola

2010-07-01

The purpose of this project (A systems study of the future waste management system in Boraas) is to evaluate, from a systems perspective, new and improved waste treatment technologies. The study is focused on the waste management system and the district heating system of Boraas. In order to make the analysis complete, the project has also included analyses of surrounding systems that interact with Boraas waste management and district heating systems. The study evaluates the situation in 2015, i.e. a situation only a few years from today. Therefore we have chosen to perform the analysis with one external scenario and 12 development paths (divided into Analyses 1-5). The external scenario describes the development of the surrounding systems through factors that are important for the waste management and district heating systems in Boraas (e.g. electricity price, waste generation, and price of tradable emissions permits for CO{sub 2}). A development path (or local scenario) means changes of the current waste management and/or district heating systems in Boraas and consists of a set of technologies (e.g. anaerobic digestion, central separation and gasification) that are used to fulfil the demand for waste treatment and district heating. The development in the surrounding systems (described by the external scenario) cannot be influenced by the decision-makers in Boraas. The development paths describe possible changes of the waste management and district heating systems that decision-makers in Boraas can choose to implement

Correlation of 18F-fluoroethyl tyrosine positron-emission tomography uptake values and histomorphological findings by stereotactic serial biopsy in newly diagnosed brain tumors using a refined software tool

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Lopez WO

2015-12-01

Full Text Available William Omar Contreras Lopez,1,2 Joacir Graciolli Cordeiro,1 Ulrich Albicker,3 Soroush Doostkam,4 Guido Nikkhah,1,5 Robert D Kirch,6 Michael Trippel,1 Thomas Reithmeier1,7 1Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; 2Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; 3Inomed, Emmendingen, 4Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 5Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic Erlangen, Erlangen, 6Neuroelectronic Systems, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 7Department of Neurosurgery, Schwabing Academic Teaching Hospital of Technical University and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI is the standard neuroimaging method to diagnose neoplastic brain lesions, as well as to perform stereotactic biopsy surgical planning. MRI has the advantage of providing structural anatomical details with high sensitivity, though histological specificity is limited. Although combining MRI with other imaging modalities, such as positron-emission tomography (PET, has proven to increment specificity, exact correlation between PET threshold uptake ratios (URs and histological diagnosis and grading has not yet been described.Objectives: The aim of this study was to correlate exactly the histopathological criteria of the biopsy site to its PET uptake value with high spatial resolution (mm3, and to analyze the diagnostic value of PET using the amino acid O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine (18F-FET PET in patients with newly diagnosed brain lesions in comparison to histological findings obtained from stereotactic serial biopsy.Patients and methods: A total of 23 adult patients with newly diagnosed brain tumors on MRI were enrolled in this study

Reindeer pastoralism in Sweden 1550-1950

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Lennart Lundmark

2007-04-01

during hundreds of years. To a large extent these long-term external influences have made reindeer pastoralism what it is today. That aspect should not be overlooked when assessing the future prospects of reindeer pastoralism in Scandinavia.Renskötseln i Sverige 1550-1950Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning: Först vid mitten av 1500-talet finns det källmaterial som ger oss en tämligen detaljerad bild av renskötseln i Sverige. Vid den tiden levde samerna i en jakt- , fiske- och samlarekonomi. En familj hade normalt 10-20 renar som främst utnyttjades vid transporter. Tamrenarna kunde också mjölkas och fungera som lockdjur vid vildrensjakt. Under senare delen av 1500-talet köpte svenska staten och handelsmän stora mängder pälsverk av samerna. Den vanligaste betalningen var smör och mjöl. Detta skapade ett välstånd som ledde till en betydande folkökning i svenska lappmarken. Befolkningen blev för stor för att rymmas inom ramarna för en jaktochfiskeekonomi. En kris i början av 1600-talet blev startpunkten för övergången till en storskalig rennomadism.Fram till mitten av 1700-talet var den intensiva renskötseln framgångsrik. Men renskötseln blev efterhand alltför intensiv. Under senare delen av 1700-talet började det spridas sjukdomar i de tätt sammanhållna hjordarna. De första decennierna av 1800-talet innebar en allvarlig kris i renskötseln. Antalet renskötande fjällsamer minskade kraftigt, främst genom utvandring till norska kusten. Den intensiva renskötseln med mjölkning av renarna började ersättas av en extensiv renskötsel inriktad på köttproduktion de sista decennierna av 1800-talet. I norr var naturförhållandena och influenser från Kautokeino-samerna en viktig faktor, i söder utvecklades renskötseln i extensiv riktning främst därför att marknaden för renkött kom närmare renskötarna. Under 1920-talet upphörde mjölkningen av renar i Sverige, utom i några enstaka familjer. Då hade förflyttningarna av samer fr

A model for analyzing influence of timber production on lichens for reindeer grazing

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Olof Eriksson

1987-06-01

�r som renarna bedoms ha behov av detta foder. De två senare uppgifterna grundas på uppskattningar av personer med stor erfarenhet av renskotsel. Den årliga produktionen av trådlavar består dels av lavtillvåxten i det betningsbara hojdintervallet, dels av trådlav som faller ner på snon. Barrdominerade bestånd aldre ån hundra år antas vara trådlavbårande, men åven denna areal reduceras med hånsyn till praktisk tillgånglighet. Årlig produktion av trådlav inom råckhåll for renen skattas som produkt av mångden trådlav, dess tillvåxtprocent och arealen. Av den trådlav som årli-gen faller ner på marken antas en fjårdedel vara tillgånglig under vårvintern. Efterfrågan på trådlav beråknas på i princip samma sått som efterfrågan på marklav, men antal betningsda-gar per år åk lågre eftersom trådlav huvudsakligen år ett visserligen hogkvalitativt och låttillgångligt, men dock nodfoder. Resultaten år osåkra av två huvudorsaker. Dels pga inverkan av faktorer som inte ingår i modellen, dels osåkerhetejn i de faktorer som ingår i modellen. Modellen innehåller uppenbart forenklingar av verkliga samband. Dessa forenklingar beror huvudsakligen på viss brist på grunddata. Mojligheterna att dra såkre slutsatser kommer att oka i takt med båttre kunskap om utnyttjade samband och uppgifter. Den geografiska indelningen i lånsdelar beror på utformningen av riksskogstaxeringen. Forhållandena kan givetvis variera inom dessa lånsdelar, som var och en består av ett flertal samebyar. Resultaten får således inte tillåmpas på enskilda samebyar. Studien visar på en metod for att belysa hur renskotselns lavbete kommer att utvecklas i relation till virkes-produktionen. Resultaten år dock allt for osåkra for att man skall kunna dra några såkra slutsatser. Resultaten antyder emellertid att for vissa områden finns redan i dag en brist på lavbete for den renpopulation som kalkylerats med i denna studie. Beråkningarna antyder att

Long-time effects of run-off water from ash recycling to a planted forest. Final report for a partial study in the project 'Forestry measures - effects on carbon-, nutrients and heavy metal flows' financed by the Swedish Energy Agency; Laangtidsverkan paa avrinnande vatten av askaaterfoering till plantskog. Slutrapport foer en delstudie inom det av Energimyndigheten finansierade projektet 'Skogliga aatgaerder - effekter paa kol-, naering och tungmetalIfloeden'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nilsson, Torbjoern; Eriksson, Hillevi

2001-06-01

The chemical composition of runoff from a wood ash fertilized catchment in central Sweden has been studied during eight years after the treatment. The effects of the ash treatment was compared with a 12 year long reference period and a reference catchment close to the ash treated area was earlier (winter 1980/81) whole-tree-harvested to 90 %. At the same time the reference area was stemwood harvested on 60 % of the area. Both areas were planted with spruce and pine. Granulated ash was spread on the whole-tree-harvested area, by helicopter, on two occasions (1 ton per hectare in May 1989 and 2 tonnes per hectare in October 1991). During the first ash application a marked peak in K concentration was observed. The second ash application caused a high peak in K concentration. Short-lived peaks was also observed for pH, electric conductivity, ANC, Mg, Na and Cl. Significant increases of pH, electric conductivity, Ca, K and Cl was observed in runoff water from the ash treated area during the 8-year-period after the last ash spreading. However, during the same period concentrations of NH{sub 4}-N, NO{sub 3}-N and total N have shown a relative decrease in runoff water from the ash treated area, compared to the reference area.

Charge-storage techniques for pulse-height analysis; Techniques de stockage electrostatique pour l'analyse en amplitude d'impulsion; Metod nakopleniya zaryada dlya amplitudnogo analiza impul'sov; Tecnicas de almacenamiento de cargas para analisis de amplitud de impulsos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Costrell, L; Brueckmann, R E [National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC (United States)

1962-04-15

. Znachitel'naya chast' ehtoj raboty byla napravlena na sozdanie togo, chto my nazyvaem ''analizatorom nakopleniya zaryada'', osnovannogo na rabotakh, provodimykh v Natsional'nom byuro standartov. My zakonchili sozdanie analizatora nakopleniya zaryada, kotoryj ehkspluatiruetsya na sinkhrotrone Natsional'nogo byuro standartov moshchnost'yu 180 mehv pri provedenii ehksperimenta po yadernoj absorbtsii, na puti osushchestvleniya kotorogo, v inom sluchae, vstretilis' by ogromnye trudnosti. Analizator ispol'zuet vremennoe ehlektrostaticheskoe nakoplenie dlya sbora dannykh po amplitude impul'sov vo vremya mashinnykh vspyshek. Vo vremya mertvykh intervalov mezhdu vspyshkami soderzhanie vremennogo nakopleniya analiziruetsya i perevoditsya v obychnoe nakoplenie v magnitnykh serdechnikakh. Obsuzhdaetsya ispol'zovanie ehtogo metoda dlya nanosekundnykh impul'sov i predstavleny dannye, pokazyvayushchie ego osushchestvimost'. (author)

Open loop control of the five-axis missile and target flight motion simulator implementation / Внедрение системы управления пятиосевых имитаторов полета ракеты и воздушной цели в разомкнутом цикле / Implementacija upravljanja petoosnim simulatorom leta rakete i cilja u otvorenoj petlji

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Nataša D. Kljajić

2016-07-01

�вижения ракеты и воздушной цели, разработанного в лаборатории программно-аппаратного моделирования. Описанное в работе приложение имитатора обеспечивает эффективный контроль и безопасную среду, так как используя данную систему инженер-испытатель может сосредоточиться на функциональности устройства и быть уверенными в реальных параметрах движения ракеты. Решение разработано на платформе LabVIEW программного комплекса, с робастной архитектурой программного обеспечения, под названием «классический конечный автомат». / Razvoj raketnih sistema podrazumeva važne faze testiranja i simulacije leta rakete u uslovima okruženja koje diktira operacija za koju je sistem izrađen. Kako terenska ispitivanja ovako složenih sistema zahtevaju veliki utrošak finansijskih resursa, a i mnogo vremena, simulacije koje podrazumevaju hardver u petlji (Hardware in the loop - HIL predstavljaju vrlo efikasno rešenje za smanjenje troškova razvoja i testiranja. U ovom radu predstavljena je implementacija upravljanja, odnosno sinhronizovanog generisanja i akvizicije podataka na petoosnom simulatoru leta rakete i cilja laboratorije za hardver u petlji (HIL laboratorije. Opisana aplikacija za simulaciju javila se kao rezultat potrebe inženjera razvoja raketa za jednostavnim načinom akviziranja informacja o odzivu realne rakete na željena i zadata upravljanja. Rešenje je realizovano u LabVIEW softverskom paketu primenom robusne arhitekture softvera, takozvane klasične mašine stanja.

Iodine chemistry at severe accidents. A review and evaluation of the state-of-the-art in the field. APRI 5 report. Part I: Iodine chemistry at hypothetical severe accidents. A review of the state-of-the-art 2003. Part II: A comparison of our knowledge on iodine chemistry and fission products with the current models used in MAAP 4.0.5; Jodkemi under svaara haverier. En sammanstaellnig och vaerdering av kunskapslaeget inom omraadet. APRI 5 rapport. Del I: Jodkemi vid hypotetiska svaara haverier. En genomgaang av kunskapslaeget aar 2003. Del II: Jaemfoerelse av kunskapslaeget om jodkemi och fissionsprodukter med aktuella modeller i MAAP 4.0.5

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liljenzin, Jan-Olov [Liljenzins data och kemikonsult, Goeteborg (Sweden)

2005-01-01

The current report tries to summarize and analyze the state-of-the-art on Iodine chemistry relevant to the conditions expected during severe accidents in nuclear power plants. This has made it necessary to compare a considerable amount of data, new as well as old, in order to try to find the reasons behind some changes in the expected chemical behaviour of Iodine. In a few cases this has been far from simple. Many numerical values are given in this report. However, me numbers given should not be used in a non-critical way because they are often deduced from measurements whose interpretation depends on various kinds of systematic differences and assumptions with regard to technique, 'known' constants, and models applied. The most important observation today is that one can no longer uncritically assume that iodine is only released and transported as cesium iodide. The considerable effect that control rod material (including other construction materials) can have on the way in which an accident develops and on its iodine chemistry is clearly seen from the results of the experiments performed within the PHEBUS FP project. The second part of the report evaluates new knowledge on Iodine chemistry and Iodine behaviour of importance in severe nuclear reactor accidents. Also some new information regarding the behaviour and chemistry of other fission products has been collected. In the light of this information, the current modelling of Iodine behaviour in the MAAP code version 4.0.5 has been investigated. No modelling errors have been found. However, some of the equations used to calculate the vapour pressure of the components in the AlC-alloy used in PWR control rods give questionable results. An error in the MAAP manual was found which should be corrected. Finally, some suggestions are given for future improvements in the modelling of severe accidents used in MAAP for both BWRs and PWRs.

Šport in humanistika

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Jože Vogrinc

2012-07-01

vgrajena oba, le da deluje z nekoliko drugačnimi režimi na različnih območjih in pri različnih načinih proizvodnje presežne vrednosti. Vse to seveda niso niti samo filozofska niti zgolj obča vprašanja. Zastavljajo se zlasti v zvezi z etiko tistih ved, ki skušajo učinkovito pomagati športnikom in športnicam k vrhunskim dosežkom ali pa »navadnim ljudem« pri njihovi skrbi za krepko, privlačno in zdravo telesnost, in s tem ustvarjajo priporočene režime odkrivanja talentov, treniranja discipline, primerne koncentracije, pa tudi za igrivost potrebne sproščenosti. Danes so tako kot drugod tudi v športnih vedah etična vprašanja o lastnem ravnanju, tako kot tudi etična vprašljivost športnih dejavnosti samih, izrazito v ospredju. Lahko bi rekli, da šport postaja etično tembolj vprašljiv, čim bolj je ukvarjanje z njim namenjeno predvsem proizvajanju privlačnosti teles in dogodkov, ki poganjajo različne športno-kapitalske sisteme, ter mnogo manj izvirni igrivosti in tekmovalnosti. Vendar tako kot pri umetnostih, ki so vedno krasile in tudi danes krasijo javni videz najrazličnejših političnih in ekonomskih režimov in vladavin, tudi pri športu velja, da brez igrivosti in tekmovalnosti, ki prepričata s svojo pristnostjo, šport ne bi mogel ohranjati in v zadnjih desetletjih tako postoteriti svoje privlačnosti, gledanosti in tudi množičnosti. Ko bi izgubil to lastno značilnost, bi postal tudi za vse druge cilje in smotre neuporaben, tako kot kak zastarel način proizvodnje, ki ga je treba opustiti v prid novim načinom. Potreba po športnem razvedrilu, aktivnem ali pasivnem, ni posledica vsega, kar lahko danes kritičnega povemo o športnih ustvarjalnih industrijah, ampak njihov vzrok in pogoj. Model sodobnega športa sprejema in se uravnava po sodobnih načinih alienacije, manipulacije in ideologije, vendar jim hkrati ves čas uhaja prav zato, ker so le po tem, da si ga ne morejo do konca podrediti in obvladati, lahko tudi uspešne. V tem

Karakterizacija vakuum plazma naprskane kobalt-nikal-hrom-aluminijum-itrijum prevlake

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mihailo R. Mrdak

2013-12-01

-217. Aluminijum u legurama CoNiCrAlY formira β(Co,NiAl fazu koja služi kao rezervoar za obnavljanje zaštitnog oksida α - Al2O3. Legure na bazi Co sa aluminijumom proizvode β - CoAl fazu koja poboljšava otpornost legure na  sulfidizaciju i β - NiAl fazu koja poboljšava otpornost legure na visoko temperaturnu oksidacionu. Prevlake CoNiCrAlY često se deponuju plazma sprej postupkom u vakuumu (VPS. Glavna razlika je što se proces izvodi u vakuumu bez prisustva vazduha uz nizak pritisak u veoma čistim uslovima i uz primenu transferovanog luka za čišćenje površine substrata.  U deponovanom stanju mikrostruktura CoNiCrAlY prevlake se sastoji od dve faze γ i β. γ faza je čvrst rastvor Co, Ni i Cr.  β (Co,NiAl faza je formirana od β - CoAl faze i β - NiAl faze. Prisutna β faza i njen udeo u strukturi je od suštinskog značaja za zaštitu CoNiCrAlY prevlake. Radni vek CoNiCrAlY prevlake u uslovima oksidacije je u direktnoj vezi sa količinom β faze. Stabilnost β(Co,NiAl faze se smanjuje na visokim temperaturama zbog difuzije Al. Cheruvu i Mobarra sa saradnicima (Cheruvu, et al., 2000, pp.50 - 54, (Mobarra, et al., 2006, pp.2202-2207 su ustanovili da na visokim temperaturama Al iz β faze popunjava oksidni sloj na površini prevlake i siromaši β fazu sa Al. Izlaganjem CoNiCrAlY legure na 1100°C se na površini formira TGO zona sa zaštitnim oksidnim slojem α - Al2O3. U zoni blizu zaštitnog oksidnog sloja α - Al2O3 nije prisutna β-(Ni,CoAl faza jer je površinski sloj osiromašio sa Al (Nicholls, Bennett, 2000, pp.413-428. Samo mala količina Al ostaje u regionima bogatim (Ni,Co (Leea, 2005, pp,239 - 242. U ovom području egzistira β - zona iscrpljena sa Al, koja se nalazi ispod gornjeg oksidnog TGO sloja. Debljina β - iscrpljene zone se povećava dužim izlaganjem legure na visokoj temperaturi zbog potrošnje aluminijuma i rasta TGO sloja (Nicholls, Bennett, 2000, pp.413-428. U TGO zoni, pored oksida α - Al2O3, su prisutna i spinel jedinjenja kao �