A Aspirina e a Asma

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K.S. Babu

2001-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: A aspirina é não só o fannaco me1hor estudado em todo o mundo, como o mais frequentemente uti1izado em todos os tempos. Alem das suas propriedades como analgesico e antipiretico, o acido acetilsalicflico (AAS e urn inibidor da agregação plaquetária, o que the confere urn papel essencial na profilaxia do tromboembolismo e na prevenção dos acidentes cardio e cerebro-vasculares.A associação da sensibilidade á aspirina, com a asma e a polipose nasal, descrita pela primeira vez por Femand Widal e colaboradores, constitui a trfade da “Asma lnduzida pela Aspirina” (AlA e refere-se ao desenvolvimento de urn quadro de broncoconstrição em indivfduos asmaticos após ingestao de aspirina. Nestes doentes, os sintomas agudos sobrepõem-se ao quadro clfnico de asma crónica grave. As crises de asma podem ser desencadeadas por pequenas quantidades de AAS ou de outros anti-inflamatórios nao ester6ides (AINE’ s.A prevalência da AIA na comunidade é incerta, mas os doentes com AIA constituem 10 a 20% da popula9ao asmatica, sendo a AIA mais frequente nas mulheres. Os autores deste trabalho fazem uma revisão teórica da AIA, descrevendo a apresentação clfnica, os mecanismos patogenicos, o diagnóstico e o tratamento deste síndrome.A asma e uma doença inflamatória crónica das vias aéreas. Neste estado de inflamação continua, a exposiyao aaspirina provoca no subgrupo de doentes com AIA uma acentuayao temporaria do processo inflamat6rio, que conduz á exacerbayao da asma. Embora assemelhando-se as reacçães de hipersensibilidade imediata, a AIA nao parece ser mediada por mecanismos dependentes da IgE, daí estas reacçães scrcm dcsignadas de “anafilactóides”.A hipersensibilidade à aspirina parece antes ser mediada por um desvio da via metab6lica do acido araquidónico no sentido da produção excessiva de leucotrienos, por

Prevalencia del asma bronquial en una población pediátrica

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Mireya Brooks Rodríguez

Full Text Available Introducción: la prevalencia de asma bronquial en la atención primaria, así como los factores que más inciden en ella, facilitan el tratamiento de esta enfermedad en la población pediátrica. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de asma bronquial en la población infantil del municipio 10 de Octubre. Métodos: se realizó un estudio poblacional descriptivo, con el propósito de determinar la prevalencia de asma bronquial en la población infantil del municipio 10 Octubre, a partir de los casos identificados con esta enfermedad. El marco muestral estuvo constituido por los pacientes en edades comprendidas entre los 0-19 años, pertenecientes al universo poblacional de 8 policlínicos del municipio. Se aplicó la distribución por grupos de edades y sexo de la población en estudio, particularizando los dispensarizados por asma. Resultados: el área de salud que aportó el mayor número de pacientes dispensarizados fue la correspondiente al Policlínico "Raúl Gómez García", con 20,4 %. El grupo etario más afectado fue el de 15 a 19 años, con 33,7 % (adolescencia tardía. La prevalencia de asma bronquial en edad infantil del municipio 10 de Octubre fue de un 15,9 %. Conclusiones: el grupo de edad 15-19 años resultó ser el más representativo, y el que, a su vez, mostró superioridad en cuanto a pacientes afectados por asma, condición que puede incrementar los riesgos en el seguimiento de la enfermedad. Existió correspondencia de la prevalencia identificada en el municipio 10 de Octubre, con los estándares nacionales e internacionales de prevalencia del asma.

A asma agudizada em adultos. Revisão do tema

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G.J. Rodrigo

2004-09-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: Todos os doentes com asma podem sofrer exacerbações da sua doença. Os internamentos e as idas ao serviço de urgência contribuem para uma larga proporção dos custos em cuidados de Saúde dirigidos a estes doentes. Desta forma, a prevenção, bem como o tratamento adequado dos episódios de agudização da asma, representam uma área com um elevado potencial para uma redução substancial dos custos em cuidados de Saúde. As exacerbações podem apresentar uma gravidade que varia de ligeira até potencialmente fatal. A mortalidade associa-se frequentemente a uma incapacidade para reconhecer a gravidade da exacerbação, resultando num tratamento inadequado e num atraso em referenciar o doente para a urgência hospitalar. Nesta revisão temática, os autores descrevem a epidemiologia, os custos, a fisiopatologia, a mortalidade e o tratamento da asma agudizada do adulto no serviço de urgência e na unidade de cuidados intensivos.A asma representa a 11.º diagnóstico mais frequente que motiva a ida ao serviço de urgência nos EUA, afectando sobretudo os grupos etários da adolescência e adultos jovens. As mulheres recorrem à urgência e são internadas duas vezes mais do que os homens1. Na última década tem-se assistido a um declínio do número de doentes com exacerbações graves de asma requerendo internamento em unidades de cuidados intensivos. Uma meta-análise recente atribui aos corticosteróides inalados, quando comparados com o placebo, a redução das taxas de internamento hospitalar em doentes com asma agudizada2. Provavelmente, a maior parte dos internamentos, incluindo os que requerem cuidados intensivos, podem ser evitados.Apenas cerca de 20% dos asmáticos recorreram alguma vez a um serviço de urgência. Contudo, estes doentes contribuem para mais de 80% dos custos directos totais. O internamento e as idas à urg

A asma agudizada em adultos. Revisão do tema

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G.J. Rodrigo

2003-05-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: Todos os doentes com asma podem sofrer exacerbações da sua doença. Os internamentos e as idas ao serviço de urgência contribuem para uma larga proporção dos custos em cuidados de Saúde dirigidos a estes doentes. Desta forma, a prevenção, bem como o tratamento adequado dos episódios de agudização da asma, representam uma área com um elevado potencial para uma redução substancial dos custos em cuidados de Saúde. As exacerbações podem apresentar uma gravidade que varia de ligeira até potencialmente fatal. A mortalidade associa-se frequentemente a uma incapacidade para reconhecer a gravidade da exacerbação, resultando num tratamento inadequado e num atraso em referenciar o doente para a urgência hospitalar. Nesta revisão temática, os autores descrevem a epidemiologia, os custos, a fisiopatologia, a mortalidade e o tratamento da asma agudizada do adulto no serviço de urgência e na unidade de cuidados intensivos.A asma representa a 11.º diagnóstico mais frequente que motiva a ida ao serviço de urgência nos EUA, afectando sobretudo os grupos etários da adolescência e adultos jovens. As mulheres recorrem à urgência e são internadas duas vezes mais do que os homens1. Na última década tem-se assistido a um declínio do número de doentes com exacerbações graves de asma requerendo internamento em unidades de cuidados intensivos. Uma meta-análise recente atribui aos corticosteróides inalados, quando comparados com o placebo, a redução das taxas de internamento hospitalar em doentes com asma agudizada2. Provavelmente, a maior parte dos internamentos, incluindo os que requerem cuidados intensivos, podem ser evitados.Apenas cerca de 20% dos asmáticos recorreram alguma vez a um serviço de urgência. Contudo, estes doentes contribuem para mais de 80% dos custos directos totais. O internamento e as idas à urg

Prevalência e gravidade de asma brônquica em adultos obesos com indicação de cirurgia bariátrica Prevalence and severity of asthma in obese adult candidates for bariatric surgery

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Saulo Maia Davila Melo

2011-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de asma em um grupo de adultos obesos, candidatos a cirurgia bariátrica e avaliar a gravidade da asma neste grupo de pacientes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, envolvendo 363 pacientes obesos adultos (índice de massa corpórea > 35 kg/m² avaliados por um médico pneumologista, utilizando a avaliação clínica como instrumento diagnóstico de asma. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação clínica e espirometria e foram divididos em dois grupos (asma e controle. Os pacientes com asma foram classificados conforme a gravidade da doença. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de asma na população de obesos estudada foi de 18,5% (IC95%: 14,5-22,4. Essa prevalência nas mulheres e nos homens foi de 20,4% (IC95%: 16,2-24,5 e 13,7% (IC95%: 10,1-17,2, respectivamente. Havia sintomas de asma nos últimos doze meses em 8,0% (IC95%: 5,2-10,7, e houve manifestação inicial dos sintomas de asma na infância/adolescência em 17,4% (IC95%: 13,5-21,3. No grupo asma, asma intermitente estava presente em 29 pacientes (43,3%; asma persistente leve, em 7 (10,4%; asma moderada, em 25 (37,3%; e asma persistente grave, em 6 (9,0%. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de asma neste grupo de adultos obesos, utilizando-se a avaliação clínica como critério diagnóstico, mostrou-se elevada, com predomínio no sexo feminino e com manifestação inicial dos sintomas de asma na infância/adolescência. A gravidade da asma neste grupo de obesos adultos esteve entre os valores médios estimados para a população geral, com uma maior proporção de asma intermitente, asma persistente leve e asma persistente moderadaOBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of asthma in a group of obese adult candidates for bariatric surgery and to evaluate the severity of asthma in this group of patients. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 363 obese adults (body mass index > 35 kg/m² evaluated by a pulmonologist, using clinical evaluation as a

Relación entre las infecciones respiratorias agudas altas y el asma bronquial

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Verónica Soler Fonseca

Full Text Available Introducción: la infección respiratoria es la enfermedad más frecuente en los seres humanos, pues es responsable de la mitad de todas las enfermedades agudas. En Cuba al igual que en el resto del mundo, el asma bronquial constituye un importante problema de salud con incidencia relevante en los niños. Se señala que las infecciones virales están involucradas en la patogénesis del asma, sobre todo en el paciente pediátrico. Objetivo: identificar la influencia de las Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas Altas en la aparición y exacerbación de las crisis de asma bronquial. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo de los pacientes ingresados con asma bronquial en el servicio de enfermedades respiratorias del Hospital Pediátrico Docente de San Miguel del Padrón, durante todo el año 2008. Resultados: el tiempo de evolución de la IRAA más frecuente que desencadenó la crisis de asma bronquial fue de más de 7 días, con un 54,8 %. Un total de 188 pacientes presentaron rinofaringitis aguda catarral relacionada con la aparición de la crisis de asma bronquial, lo que representó el 82,4 % del total de la muestra. Conclusiones: predominó el grupo de 1 a 4 años con manifestaciones respiratorias altas de posible etiología viral sin diferencias apreciables en relación con el sexo. La mayoría de los pacientes que participaron en el estudio presentaron IRAA de etiología viral (Rinofaringitis, que precedieron la aparición y exacerbación de las crisis agudas de asma bronquial.

Faktor Risiko Asma Pada Murid Sekolah Dasar Usia 6-7 Tahun di Kota Padang

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Afdal .

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Abstrak Latar belakang : Asma merupakan penyakit kronik yang sering dijumpai pada anak. Dilaporkan bahwa prevalens asma meningkat pada anak maupun dewasa. Usia 6-7 tahun merupakan periode dimana prevalens asma dan angka kunjungan ke rumah sakit karena asma lebih tinggi. Terjadinya asma dianggap sebagai interaksi yang kompleks antara faktor genetik dan faktor lingkungan. Faktor genetik sudah dibuktikan dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya, tetapi karakteristik faktor risiko lingkungan pada asma belum jelas. Apabila melihat derajat peningkatan kejadian asma, tidak mungkin hanya faktor genetik yang berperan, tetapi peran faktor lingkungan justru yang lebih besar. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui prevalens dan faktor risiko asma pada anak SD usia 6-7 tahun di Kota Padang.Metoda : Suatu penelitian cross sectional di 20 SD di Kota Padang pada bulan Juni – November 2009 dengan jumlah sampel 879 orang. Terhadap setiap subjek dilakukan penelitian yaitu pembagian kuisioner ISAAC (international study of asthma and allergies in childhood untuk orang tua. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi-square untuk variabel katagorik dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Data dianalisis menggunakan peranti lunak komputer.Hasil : Prevalens asma pada murid SD usia 6-7 tahun di Kota Padang berdasarkan kuisioner ISAAC sebesar 8%. Faktor yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap kejadian asma adalah atopi ayah atau ibu, diikuti faktor berat badan lahir dan kebiasaan merokok pada ibu serta pemberian obat parasetamol. Sedangkan pemberian ASI dan kontak dengan unggas merupakan faktor protektif terhadap kejadian asma. Kata kunci: faktor risiko, asma, sekolah dasar Abstract Background: Background Asthma is a common chronic disease in children. It had been reported that the prevalence of asthma in children and adults was increasing. The age of 6-7 years is the period where the prevalence and the number of visits to the hospital because of asthma are higher. The

Roles of the outer membrane protein AsmA of Salmonella enterica in the control of marRAB expression and invasion of epithelial cells.

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Prieto, Ana I; Hernández, Sara B; Cota, Ignacio; Pucciarelli, M Graciela; Orlov, Yuri; Ramos-Morales, Francisco; García-del Portillo, Francisco; Casadesús, Josep

2009-06-01

A genetic screen for suppressors of bile sensitivity in DNA adenine methylase (dam) mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium yielded insertions in an uncharacterized locus homologous to the Escherichia coli asmA gene. Disruption of asmA suppressed bile sensitivity also in phoP and wec mutants of S. enterica and increased the MIC of sodium deoxycholate for the parental strain ATCC 14028. Increased levels of marA mRNA were found in asmA, asmA dam, asmA phoP, and asmA wec strains of S. enterica, suggesting that lack of AsmA activates expression of the marRAB operon. Hence, asmA mutations may enhance bile resistance by inducing gene expression changes in the marRAB-controlled Mar regulon. In silico analysis of AsmA structure predicted the existence of one transmembrane domain. Biochemical analysis of subcellular fractions revealed that the asmA gene of S. enterica encodes a protein of approximately 70 kDa located in the outer membrane. Because AsmA is unrelated to known transport and/or efflux systems, we propose that activation of marRAB in asmA mutants may be a consequence of envelope reorganization. Competitive infection of BALB/c mice with asmA(+) and asmA isogenic strains indicated that lack of AsmA attenuates Salmonella virulence by the oral route but not by the intraperitoneal route. Furthermore, asmA mutants showed a reduced ability to invade epithelial cells in vitro.

Associação de sintomas de rinoconjuntivite e asma em adolescentes

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Rita de Cássia C.M. Brito

2009-07-01

rhinoconjunctivitis.Methods – A cross-sectional study, with two components: a study in prevalence and an inter-case study (rhinitis symptoms with a comparison group (no rhinitis symptoms, based on information from questionnaires applied in phase 3 of ISAAC in Recife in 2002.Results – Associated rhinoconjunctivitis and probable asthma symptoms were observed in 5.1% of adolescents (48/940; CI 95%: 3.8 %-6.6%, probable asthma alone in 10.9% (103/940; CI 95%: 9.1%-13.1% and rhinoconjunctivitis alone in 9.7% (91/940; CI 95%: 7.9%-13%. Among the rhinitisbearing adolescents, almost 81.3% (39/48 had persistent probable asthma and 31.8% (48/151 of asthmatic patients rhinoconjunctivitis. 65.1% (86/132 of adolescents with diagnosed rhinitis were unaware of rhinitis symptoms.Conclusions – The association of rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma symptoms is frequent and associated to more severe asthma symptoms. Adolescents’ unawareness of rhinitis symptoms reflects the underdiagnosis that can result in downplaying the symptoms, and the consequent undertreatment.Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (4: 613-628 Palavras-chave: Asma, rinite, adolescentes, prevalência, Key-words: Prevalence, rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, adolescents

Recent activities of association of shape memory alloys (ASMA) in Japan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kobayashi, J.; Yamauchi, K.; Miyashita, T.; Ohkata, I.; Narumi, S.; Suzuki, Y.

1995-01-01

The Association of Shape Memory Alloys(ASMA) was established in 1983 and systematic surveys on the Ni-Ti and Cu based SMAs were carried out until 1986. The ASMA is now reorganized as a private association. In this paper, we briefly introduce several SMA products of the member companies and present a couple of products, a static rock breaking system and a thermostatic mixing valve in detail. (orig.)

Recent activities of association of shape memory alloys (ASMA) in Japan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kobayashi, J [ASMA, Yokohama (Japan); Yamauchi, K [TOKIN Corp., Sendai (Japan); Miyashita, T [Nishimatsu Construction Co., Ltd., Yamato (Japan); Ohkata, I [Kato Hatsujo Kaisha, Ltd., Yokohama (Japan); Narumi, S [Sogo Hatsujo Co., Ltd. (Japan); Suzuki, Y [Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1995-12-01

The Association of Shape Memory Alloys(ASMA) was established in 1983 and systematic surveys on the Ni-Ti and Cu based SMAs were carried out until 1986. The ASMA is now reorganized as a private association. In this paper, we briefly introduce several SMA products of the member companies and present a couple of products, a static rock breaking system and a thermostatic mixing valve in detail. (orig.).

Xantinas en el asma: ¿ascenso o descenso?

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Rogelio Alvarez Sintes

Full Text Available La teofilina ha sido utilizada como broncodilatador en el tratamiento del asma en su forma aguda y crónica desde hace más de 50 años. A partir de 1990 el uso de las xantinas en el asma se discute cada vez más. En 1995 persisten las controversias, pero la balanza se desplaza cada vez más hacia los broncodilatadores simpaticomiméticos, pasando a ocupar ésta la tercera o cuarta opción en los esquemas terapéuticos.1-4 Se revisa la literatura médica al respecto y se exponen las razones para su mayor o menor uso.

Xantinas en el asma: ¿ascenso o descenso?

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Rogelio Alvarez Sintes

1995-08-01

Full Text Available La teofilina ha sido utilizada como broncodilatador en el tratamiento del asma en su forma aguda y crónica desde hace más de 50 años. A partir de 1990 el uso de las xantinas en el asma se discute cada vez más. En 1995 persisten las controversias, pero la balanza se desplaza cada vez más hacia los broncodilatadores simpaticomiméticos, pasando a ocupar ésta la tercera o cuarta opción en los esquemas terapéuticos.1-4 Se revisa la literatura médica al respecto y se exponen las razones para su mayor o menor uso.

O impacto da genética na asma infantil

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Pinto,Leonardo A.; Stein,Renato T.; Kabesch,Michael

2008-01-01

OBJETIVO: Apresentar os resultados dos estudos mais importantes e recentes sobre a genética da asma. Estes dados devem auxiliar os clínicos gerais a compreender o impacto da genética sobre este distúrbio complexo e como os genes e polimorfismos influenciam a asma e a atopia. FONTES DOS DADOS: Os dados foram coletados do banco de dados MEDLINE. Os estudos de associação genética foram selecionados do Genetic Association Database, um repositório de estudos de associação genética de doenças e dis...

Substâncias de origem vegetal potencialmente úteis na terapia da asma

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Maria Fernanda P. Corrêa

Full Text Available A asma é uma doença inflamatória crônica, que representa um problema de saúde pública com altos números de óbitos e elevado impacto socioeconômico. A patologia é caracterizada pela fase imediata, mediada pela resposta aguda de células inflamatórias, e a tardia, que é responsável pela resposta com envolvimento de células específicas do sistema imunológico. Atualmente, os principais tipos de fármacos utilizados no tratamento da asma são os broncodilatadores e agentes antiinflamatórios, que aliviam os sintomas de broncoespasmo e diminuem a inflamação das vias aéreas. Entretanto, terapias com esses medicamentos não são totalmente eficazes e provocam efeitos adversos. A escassez de fármacos seguros e o baixo acesso da população carente aos tratamentos utilizados estimulam a busca de novas substâncias potencialmente úteis no tratamento da asma. Produtos naturais de origem vegetal representam um grande potencial farmacológico contra asma, uma vez que podem fornecer moléculas diversas com mecanismos específicos para tratamento e controle da patologia. A busca por terapias mais eficientes e específicas para o processo asmático mostra que a procura nos produtos naturais é promissora e possui um papel importante para a descoberta de novas terapias contra a asma.

Asma y atelectasia

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Gladys Fernández Couse

1997-04-01

Full Text Available Se realiza un estudio de 155 niños, procedentes del cuerpo de guardia del Hospital Docente "José Ramón Martínez" de Guanajay, con el diagnóstico de asma bronquial, ingresados en el Servicio de Respiratorio para identificar posibles complicaciones según el juicio clínico del médico. En el 12,9 % de los pacientes se detectó la atelectasia como complicación, las manifestaciones clínicas de ésta quedaron enmascaradas por las de la crisis de asma bronquial. El pulmón derecho resultó ser el más afectado y la forma lobulillar fue la variedad que predominó. Se identificó un sobre diagnóstico de neumopatías inflamatorias, que se confundió con la atelectasia, lo cual trajo como resultado el uso indiscriminado de agentes antimicrobianos.It is conducted a study of 155 children from the Emergency Room of the "José Ramón Martínez" Teaching Hospital in Guanajay. These patients had a diagnosis of bronchial asthma and were admitted in the Respiratory Service to identify possible complications according to the clinical judgement of the physician. Atelectasis was detected as a complication in 12.9 % of the patients, and its clinical manifestations were masked by those of the bronchial asthma crisis. The right lung was the most affected and the lobular form was the predominant variety. It was detected an overdiagnosis of inflammatory pneumopathies that was confused with atelectasis, resulting in the indiscriminated use antimicrobial agents.

Características clínicas e prognóstico em pacientes com asma quase fatal em Salvador, Bahia Clinical characteristics and prognosis in near-fatal asthma patients in Salvador, Brazil

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Eduardo Vieira Ponte

2011-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar a frequência de asma quase fatal em um grupo de pacientes com asma grave, assim como as características clínicas e o prognóstico desses pacientes em um ano de seguimento. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo envolvendo 731 pacientes de baixa renda com asma grave tratados em um ambulatório de referência para asma na cidade de Salvador (BA. Os pacientes realizaram espirometria na admissão do estudo, receberam medicações para asma e foram monitorizados quanto à frequência de exacerbações durante o seguimento. Uma subamostra de 511 pacientes também respondeu questionários de sintomas e de qualidade de vida relacionada a asma. RESULTADOS: Dos 731 pacientes estudados, 563 (77% eram do sexo feminino, com mediana de idade de 47 anos, e 12% não eram alfabetizados. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava rinite, e 70 (10% relataram asma quase fatal antes da admissão. Desses 70 pacientes, 41 (59% relataram terem sido intubados previamente. Os pacientes com asma quase fatal na admissão eram mais propensos a exacerbações de asma durante o acompanhamento e tiveram menor resposta ao tratamento do que aqueles sem asma quase fatal. Os resultados dos questionários no final do acompanhamento foram semelhantes nos dois grupos de pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: A frequência de asma quase fatal foi alta nesta população de pacientes com asma grave e de baixa renda. Os pacientes com histórico de asma quase fatal tiveram um pior prognóstico que aqueles sem esse histórico, embora tenham recebido o mesmo tratamento. Curiosamente, a intensidade dos sintomas e a qualidade de vida no final do estudo foram semelhantes entre os dois grupos de pacientes.OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of near-fatal asthma in a group of severe asthma patients, as well as the clinical characteristics and prognosis of these patients within a one-year follow-up period. METHODS: A prospective study involving 731 low-income patients with severe asthma treated at a

O cuidado materno no manejo da asma infantil contribuição da enfermagem transcultural El cuidado materno en el manejo del asma infantil - contribución de enfermería transcultural Maternal care in the management of child asthma: the contributions of transcultural nursing

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Maíra Domingues Bernardes Silva

2009-12-01

Full Text Available O objeto deste estudo são as práticas culturais do cuidado materno no manejo da asma infantil. Objetivos: descrever o conhecimento e o cuidado materno sobre a asma infantil e analisar o cuidado materno no manejo da asma infantil. Estudo descritivo-exploratório desenvolvido a partir de questionários e entrevistas com mães de crianças com asma, no período de setembro de 2008 janeiro de 2009. Após análise temática dos dados, emergiram três categorias: 1 Conceito e manejo da asma na visão das mães cuidadoras; 2 Asma como sofrimento e risco para a vida dos filhos; 3 Plantas medicinais, simpatias e religiosidade no cuidado do filho com asma. Concluiu-se que é importante respeitarmos a cultura das mães cuidadoras das crianças com asma, para que seus valores possam ser preservados, acomodados e reestruturados junto ao cuidado profissional.El objeto de este estudio es analizar las prácticas culturales de la atención materna en el manejo del asma infantil. Objetivos: describir el conocimiento y el cuidado de la madre en relación con el asma infantil y analizar la atención materna en el manejo del asma infantil. Estudio exploratorio-descriptivo desarrollado a partir de cuestionarios y entrevistas con madres de niños con asma, en el período comprendido entre Septiembre de 2008 y Enero del 2009. Tras el análisis temático de los datos, surgieron tres categorías: 1 Concepto y manejo del asma en la visión de las madres que cuidan de sus hijos con asma, 2 El asma como sufrimiento y riesgo para la vida de los hijos, 3 Plantas medicinales, rituales y religiosidad en el cuidado del hijo con asma. Se concluyó que es importante respetar la cultura de las madres que cuidan de los niños con asma, de modo que sus valores puedan ser preservados, acomodados y reestructurados junto a la atención profesional.The object of this study is the cultural practices of maternal care in the management of childhood asthma. Objectives: to describe both

Qualidade de vida em doentes com asma

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Lara Noronha Ferreira

2010-01-01

e traduzem a utilidade atribuída ao seu estado de saúde.Rev Port Pneumol 2010; XVI (1: 23-55 Abstract: In this paper we present a study whose main aim is the measurement of the Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL of patients with asthma and the presentation of a first draft of normative values as measured by the SF-6D for asthma patients. In addition, we investigate how far non-disease-specific HRQoL measures can distinguish groups in terms of sociodemographic characteristics.The Portuguese versions of the EQ-5D, SF-6D, AQLQ(S and ACQ were administered using personal interviews to a representative sample of the Portuguese population with asthma.Most of the individuals did not report significant problems in the dimensions used, with the exception of the physical functioning, where individuals reported moderate limitations. The mean utility value was 0.86. Male gender, young, single, individuals with high educational attainment level, employed, individuals with high income and those residing in urban areas reported higher utility levels. As expected, those who were in a severe stadium of the disease reported lower mean utility levels than those who were in a less severe stadium of the disease. Normative values for the SF-6D were computed for patients with asthma by gender, age, marital status, educational attainment level, employment status, area of residence and average monthly net income.The preference-based measures used in this study distinguish patient groups with asthma in terms of socio-demographic groups. The normative values can be used in economic evaluation and clinical studies as they incorporate patients’ preferences and translate the value attributed to patients’ health state.Rev Port Pneumol 2010; XVI (1: 23-55 Palavras-chave: Asma, instrumentos de medição da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde baseados em preferências, qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde, SF-6D, valores normativos, Key-words: Asthma, health

Conocimientos y modos de actuación de la familia en escolares con asma bronquial

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Zoraya Coro Carrasco

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Introducción: en el manejo del asma bronquial es fundamental lograr el control de la enfermedad de manera tal que el paciente y su familia alcance su calidad de vida diaria, siendo la educación un pilar esencial en tal propósito. Objetivo: evaluar la influencia de la familia en la severidad del asma bronquial en escolares clasificados como severos persistentes. Material y método: se realizó una investigación explicativa, observacional, de caso-control, transversal en el área de salud Pedro Borras del municipio Pinar del Río entre enero de 2007 y julio de 2008. El universo y muestra estuvo constituido por asmáticos en edad escolar, incluyéndose en el grupo estudio 26 pacientes con asma bronquial severa persistente y en el grupo control igual cantidad con asma bronquial no severa persistente. Resultados: en el grupo de pacientes con asma severa persistente el 92% no poseían conocimientos suficientes al asma bronquial; el 88.8 % no cumplían con las medidas de control ambiental; el 50 % incumplían el tratamiento intercrisis y el 76.9 % realizaban la técnica inhalatoria de manera incorrecta. Conclusiones: los conocimientos insuficientes en relación al asma bronquial estuvieron asociados a las evoluciones más tórpidas de la enfermedad, constatándose además una relación de dependencia entre la severidad de enfermedad y los modos de actuación de la familia en cuanto a: cumplimiento de las medidas de control ambiental, cumplimiento del tratamiento farmacológico preventivo de las crisis y realización de la técnica inhalatoria. (p< 0,05.

Roles of the Outer Membrane Protein AsmA of Salmonella enterica in the Control of marRAB Expression and Invasion of Epithelial Cells▿

OpenAIRE

Prieto, Ana I.; Hernández, Sara B.; Cota, Ignacio; Pucciarelli, M. Graciela; Orlov, Yuri; Ramos-Morales, Francisco; García-del Portillo, Francisco; Casadesús, Josep

2009-01-01

A genetic screen for suppressors of bile sensitivity in DNA adenine methylase (dam) mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium yielded insertions in an uncharacterized locus homologous to the Escherichia coli asmA gene. Disruption of asmA suppressed bile sensitivity also in phoP and wec mutants of S. enterica and increased the MIC of sodium deoxycholate for the parental strain ATCC 14028. Increased levels of marA mRNA were found in asmA, asmA dam, asmA phoP, and asmA wec strains of S....

Hubungan Kadar Vitamin C Plasma dengan Serangan Asma pada Anak

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Azwar Aruf

2016-11-01

Hasil. Karakteristik subyek, antara lain umur, jenis kelamin, riwayat kontak hewan peliharaan, riwayat kontak tungau debu rumah, perokok pasif, alergi makanan, infeksi saluran pernapasan, kadar vitamin C plasma. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan uji kemaknaan (nilai p<0,05, dan rasio Odds. Kadar vitamin C plasma kelompok asma dalam serangan dan tidak dalam serangan tidak berbeda bermakna dengan nilai p=0,77 dan rasio Odds 1,18 (IK95%: 0,32;3,64. Infeksi pernapasan merupakan faktor risiko serangan asma yang bermakna dengan nilai p=0,006 dan rasio Odds 3,6 (IK 95% 1,41;9,19.

Preclinical evaluation of 99mTc(CO)3-aspartic-N-monoacetic acid, 99mTc(CO)3(ASMA), a new renal radiotracer with pharmacokinetic properties comparable to 131I-OIH

Science.gov (United States)

Lipowska, Malgorzata; Klenc, Jeffrey; Marzilli, Luigi G.; Taylor, Andrew T.

2014-01-01

In an ongoing effort to develop a renal tracer with pharmacokinetic properties comparable to PAH and superior to those of both 99mTc-MAG3 and 131I-OIH, we evaluated a new renal tricarbonyl radiotracer based on the aspartic-N-monoacetic acid ligand, 99mTc(CO)3(ASMA). The ASMA ligand features two carboxyl groups and an amine function for the coordination of the {99mTc(CO)3}+ core as well as a dangling carboxylate to facilitate rapid renal clearance. Methods rac-ASMA and L-ASMA were labeled with a 99mTc-tricarbonyl precursor and radiochemical purity of the labeled products was determined by HPLC. Using 131I-OIH as an internal control, we evaluated biodistribution in normal rats with 99mTc(CO)3(ASMA) isomers and in rats with renal pedicle ligation with 99mTc(CO)3(rac-ASMA). Clearance studies were conducted in 4 additional rats. In vitro radiotracer stability was determined in PBS buffer pH 7.4 and in challenge studies with cysteine and histidine. 99mTc(CO)3(ASMA) metabolites in urine were analyzed by HPLC. Results Both 99mTc(CO)3(ASMA) preparations had > 99% radiochemical purity and were stable in PBS buffer pH 7.4 for 24 h. Challenge studies on both revealed no significant displacement of the ligand. In normal rats, % injected dose in urine at 10 and 60 min for both preparations averaged 103% and 106% that of 131I-OIH, respectively. The renal clearances of 99mTc(CO)3(rac-ASMA) and 131I-OIH were comparable (P = 0.48). The tracer was excreted unchanged in the urine, proving its in vivo stability. In pedicle-ligated rats, 99mTc(CO)3(rac-ASMA) had less excretion into the bowel (P ASMA) complexes have pharmacokinetic properties in rats comparable to or superior to those of 131I-OIH, and human studies are warranted for their further evaluation. PMID:22717977

Biofeedback: Infant asthma Biofeedback: asma infantil

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J. J. Nombela

2010-09-01

Full Text Available

The present study is a revision of the different applications of biofeedback in infantile bronchial asthma. The technique may be used on its own (preferably in the motor area or in conjunction with other techniques such as hypnosis, relaxation, etc. However, it should be stated that previous work published in this field is difficult to interpret since results are inconclusive, it is, therefore, difficult to produce a scientific summary.

KEY WORDS: Biofeedback; infantile asthma; respiratory biofeedback.

Con este trabajo se pretende hacer una revisión sobre las distintas aplicaciones del biofeedback en el asma bronquial infantil, bien solo (preferentemente en el campo motriz o bien asociado a otras técnicas de hipnosis, relajación, etc. Aunque es necesario manifestar que la producción científica relacionada con el tema, hace que tenga una difícil valoración dado que sus resultados son no concluyentes y discutibles, lo cual dificulta la elaboración de un resumen científico.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Biofeedback; asma infantil; biofeedback respiratorio

O impacto da genética na asma infantil Impact of genetics in childhood asthma

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Leonardo A. Pinto

2008-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Apresentar os resultados dos estudos mais importantes e recentes sobre a genética da asma. Estes dados devem auxiliar os clínicos gerais a compreender o impacto da genética sobre este distúrbio complexo e como os genes e polimorfismos influenciam a asma e a atopia. FONTES DOS DADOS: Os dados foram coletados do banco de dados MEDLINE. Os estudos de associação genética foram selecionados do Genetic Association Database, um repositório de estudos de associação genética de doenças e distúrbios complexos organizado pelo National Institutes of Health. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Considerando os dados de diversos importantes estudos de gêmeos sobre a genética da asma, a heritabilidade, que mensura a contribuição dos fatores genéticos para a variância da asma, pode ser estimada entre 0,48 e 0,79. Uma grande quantidade de estudos de associação genética tentou identificar genes de susceptibilidade à asma. Os resultados mais replicados nos estudos de associação genética envolvem as cinco regiões do genoma humano a seguir: 5q31-32, 6p21, 11q12-13, 16p11-12, e 20p13. Recentemente, outro gene de susceptibilidade à asma (ORMDL3, considerado determinante crítico para a asma infantil, foi identificado por um estudo genômico de associação. CONCLUSÕES: É possível estimar que a contribuição genética à asma varia entre 48 e 79%. Diversos loci parecem influenciar a susceptibilidade à asma. Os genes localizados no cromossomo 5q (ADRB2, IL13 e IL4 e o gene ORMDL3, no cromossomo 17, identificado recentemente, parecem ser determinantes para a asma infantil. O diagnóstico e a farmacogenética podem ser as primeiras implicações clínicas de estudos extensivos sobre a genética da asma.OBJECTIVE: To present the most important and recent results of studies on asthma genetics. These data may help general physicians understand the impact of genetics on this complex disorder and how genes and polymorphisms influence asthma and atopy

Hubungan Keteraturan Penggunaan Kortikosteroid Inhalasi dengan Tingkat Kontrol Asma Pasien Berdasarkan ACT di Poliklinik Paru RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

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Wulan Prisilla Prisilla

2016-01-01

Full Text Available AbstrakAsma merupakan penyakit yang didasari oleh reaksi inflamasi pada saluran napas yang dapat dicegah dengan kortikosteroid inhalasi. Asma sukar disembuhkan, sehingga tujuan penatalaksanaan asma adalah asma terkontrol. Penilaian tingkat kontrol asma dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner Asthma Control Test  (ACT yang bersifat subjektif tetapi validitasnya telah diuji. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan keteraturan penggunaan kortikosteroid inhalasi dengan tingkat kontrol asma pasien berdasarkan ACT di Poliklinik Paru RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Penelitian cross sectional analytic ini telah dilakukan dari September hingga Desember 2013. Populasi adalah pasien berusia ≥14 tahun yang didiagnosis asma oleh dokter. Jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 96 orang. Data yang diperoleh diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Insiden terbanyak asma berada pada kelompok usia lanjut (60,4%. Sebagian besar pasien tidak teratur menggunakan kortikosteroid inhalasi (63,5% dan pasien dengan asma tidak terkontrol memiliki proporsi tertinggi (59,4% . Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara keteraturan penggunaan kortikosteroid inhalasi dengan tingkat kontrol asma pasien berdasarkan ACT di Poliklinik Paru RSUP Dr. M. Djamil (p=0,002.Kata kunci: kortikosteroid inhalasi, ACT, tingkat control asma AbstractAsthma is a disease caused by an inflammatory reaction in the patient airways that can be prevented with inhaled corticosteroids. It is known that there is no cure for asthma, so the goal of asthma management is to obtain controlled asthma. The level of asthma control can be assessed by  using Asthma Control Test  (ACT questionnaire, this method is subjective but its validity has been tested. The objective of this study  was to determine the association between regularity of inhaled corticosteroids application and patient’s level of asthma control based on ACT in the Lung Clinic of Dr

Efektifitas Dukungan Sosial Dokter kepada Orangtua dalam Tata Laksana Anak Asma

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Fx. Wikan Indrarto

2016-11-01

Kesimpulan. Pemberian dukungan sosial dokter tidak berhubungan dengan keberhasilan tata laksana anak asma. Kepuasan orangtua akan pemberian dukungan sosial dokter, terutama diperoleh dari jenis dukungan penghargaan.

Epithelial Markers aSMA, Krt14, and Krt19 Unveil Elements of Murine Lacrimal Gland Morphogenesis and Maturation.

Science.gov (United States)

Kuony, Alison; Michon, Frederic

2017-01-01

As an element of the lacrimal apparatus, the lacrimal gland (LG) produces the aqueous part of the tear film, which protects the eye surface. Therefore, a defective LG can lead to serious eyesight impairment. Up to now, little is known about LG morphogenesis and subsequent maturation. In this study, we delineated elements of the cellular and molecular events involved in LG formation by using three epithelial markers, namely aSMA, Krt14, and Krt19. While aSMA marked a restricted epithelial population of the terminal end buds (TEBs) in the forming LG, Krt14 was found in the whole embryonic LG epithelial basal cell layer. Interestingly, Krt19 specifically labeled the presumptive ductal domain and subsequently, the luminal cell layer. By combining these markers, the Fucci reporter mouse strain and genetic fate mapping of the Krt14 + population, we demonstrated that LG epithelium expansion is fuelled by a patterned cell proliferation, and to a lesser extent by epithelial reorganization and possible mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. We pointed out that this epithelial reorganization, which is associated with apoptosis, regulated the lumen formation. Finally, we showed that the inhibition of Notch signaling prevented the ductal identity from setting, and led to a LG covered by ectopic TEBs. Taken together our results bring a deeper understanding on LG morphogenesis, epithelial domain identity, and organ expansion.

CDC: Consejos de exfumadores: El Consejo de Jessica Sobre el Asma PSA (:30)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

La exposición al humo de segunda mano puede provocar un ataque de asma que puede ser mortal. Este anuncio de servicio público de 30 segundos de la campaña de los CDC “Consejos de exfumadores”, muestra a Jessica, la madre de un niño pequeño que tiene ataques de asma por la exposición al humo de segunda mano. Su consejo es que las personas no sientan pena de decirles a otras que no fumen cerca de sus hijos.

Towards a consensus-based biokinetic model for green microalgae – The ASM-A

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wágner, Dorottya Sarolta; Valverde Pérez, Borja; Sæbø, Mariann

2016-01-01

developed to predict microalgal growth. However, none of these models can effectively describe all the relevant processes when microalgal growth is coupled with nutrient removal and recovery from wastewaters. Here, we present a mathematical model developed to simulate green microalgal growth (ASM-A) using...... and substrate availability can introduce significant variability on parameter values for predicting the reaction rates for bulk nitrate and the intracellularly stored nitrogen state-variables, thereby requiring scenario specific model calibration. ASM-A was identified using standard cultivation medium...

Quais os parâmetros funcionais que permitem diferenciar asma grave de DPOC?

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Ricardo Marques Dias

2010-03-01

both with bronchodilator test and diffusion with carbon monoxide (DLCO. The tests were performed according to International Guidelines (ATS/ERS. The asthma patients were younger (mean age=48 than those in the COPD group (mean age=59 and this group also had more female patients (65% than the COPD group (40%. The results showed a more severe obstruction in the asthma group: FEV1/FVC=59% versus 66% for COPD. There was also a greater bronchodilator response as shown by changes in absolute and percentage values for FEV1 in the asthma group. Average DLCO values were normal in the asthma group (103%P and lower in the COPD (69%. In plethysmography the asthma group had a higher residual volume (%P and a higher airway resistance. We concluded that many functional parameters were useful in distinguishing the asthma and COPD groups. In individual analysis, DLCO was the parameter which best aided in an accurate diagnosis in both groups, with a higher specificity for COPD. The bronchodilator response measured by changes in FEV1 showed a higher sensitivity for asthma. Thus, these two tests are highlighted in the differential diagnosis of obstructive diseases.Rev Port Pneumol 2010; XVI (2: 253-272 Palavras-chave: Testes de função pulmonar, asma, DPOC, Key-words: Lung function test, asthma, COPD

Sintomas e fatores de risco para asma entre escolares piauienses Síntomas y factores de riesgo para el asma entre escolares piauienses Symptoms and risk factors for asthma among piauiense schoolchildren

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Gessianne Carvalho Castro

2012-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Analisar a prevalência de sintomas de asma entre escolares de seis a sete anos do município de Picos-PI; e identificar fatores de risco associados à doença. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com crianças de 6 e 7 anos de Picos em novembro de 2010 a maio de 2011. Para coletar os dados, foi utilizado um formulário adaptado do Internacional Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Os dados foram analisados com base na estatística descritiva e analítica. RESULTADOS: Dentre as 234 crianças da amostra estudada, 56% eram do gênero feminino. A prevalência de diagnóstico médico de asma foi de 7,7%. Os seguintes fatores de risco apresentaram relação estatisticamente significante com a ocorrência de asma (p OBJETIVOS: Analizar la prevalencia de síntomas de asma entre escolares de seis a siete años del municipio de Picos-PI; e identificar factores de riesgo asociados a la enfermedad. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado con niños de 6 y 7 años de Picos en noviembre de 2010 a mayo de 2011. Para recolectar los datos, se utilizo un formulario adaptado del Internacional Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Los datos fueron analizados con base en la estadística descriptiva y analítica. RESULTADOS: De los 234 niños de la muestra estudiada, el 56% era del género femenino. La prevalencia del diagnóstico médico de asma fue de 7,7%. Los siguientes factores de riesgo presentaron relación estadísticamente significativa con la ocurrencia de asma (p OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of asthma symptoms among schoolchildren aged six to seven years in the municipality of Picos-PI; and to identify risk factors associated with the disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with children aged six and seven from Picos, in November 2010 and May 2011. To collect data, we used an adapted form of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics

Impacto da atenção farmacêutica na função pulmonar de pacientes com asma grave

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Fernando Zanghelini

2013-08-01

Full Text Available O estudo avaliou a influência do serviço de Atenção Farmacêutica na otimização dos resultados terapêuticos de pacientes com asma grave não controlada, em uso de formoterol associado à budesonida. Utilizou-se o Método Dáder de Seguimento Farmacoterapêutico e o Teste do Controle de Asma (ACT™ para avaliação de resultados, assim como a espirometria. Foram acompanhados 26 pacientes por um período não inferior a seis meses, cuja média de idade foi 55 ± 11 anos, destes, 22 (84% foram do gênero feminino. Na pesquisa verificou-se que 22 (84,6% pacientes apresentaram mais de uma enfermidade associada à asma grave e 24 (92% faziam uso de dois ou mais fármacos. Foram detectados 58 resultados negativos associados aos medicamentos (RNM, com incidência de 2,2 ± 0,99 RNM por usuário. O RNM mais frequente foi insegurança não quantitativa identificada em 11 usuários (43%, sendo 31% desses devido às reações adversas ao medicamento. Foram realizadas 65 intervenções farmacêuticas para resolver os RNM, com média de 2,5 ± 1,2 por paciente, das quais 85% ocorreram na farmácia sem a necessidade de voltar ao médico. Dos resultados clínicos, após as intervenções farmacêuticas, todos os usuários tiveram melhora significativa da asma (p<0,05, porém 2 deles (7,6% ainda apresentaram asma não controlada. Assim, o estudo sinalizou a necessidade do acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico aos usuários com asma grave não controlada para otimização dos resultados clínicos.

Asma aguda em adultos na sala de emergência: o manejo clínico na primeira hora

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DALCIN PAULO DE TARSO ROTH

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Asma é doença com alta prevalência em nosso meio e ao redor do mundo. Embora novas opções terapêuticas tenham sido recentemente desenvolvidas, parece haver aumento mundial na sua morbidade e mortalidade. Em muitas instituições, as exacerbações asmáticas ainda constituem emergência médica muito comum. As evidências têm demonstrado que a primeira hora no manejo da asma aguda na sala de emergência concentra decisões cruciais que podem determinar o desfecho desta situação clínica. Nesta revisão não-sistemática, os autores enfocaram a primeira hora da avaliação e tratamento do paciente com asma aguda na sala de emergência, descrevendo uma estratégia apropriada para o seu manejo. São consideradas as seguintes etapas: diagnóstico, avaliação da gravidade, tratamento farmacológico, avaliação das complicações e decisão sobre onde se realizará o tratamento adicional. Espera-se que estas recomendações contribuam para que o médico clínico tome a decisão apropriada na primeira hora do manejo da asma aguda.

Componentes C3 e C4 do sistema complemento como biomarcadores no diagnóstico de asma atópica intermitente

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Tainá Mosca

2011-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar os componentes séricos C3 e C4 do sistema complemento como possíveis biomarcadores de asma atópica intermitente. MÉTODOS: Determinação dos níveis séricos dos componentes C3 e C4 do complemento em 70 crianças com história de "chiado no peito” entre 3 e 14 anos. Após 2 anos de acompanhamento ambulatorial, seguindo-se critérios de inclusão e exclusão, as crianças foram divididas em 2 grupos: 40 crianças com asma atópica intermitente e 30 crianças sem asma. Não houve uso de corticosteroides inalatórios ou sistêmicos ou de broncodilatadores de ação prolongada em nenhum dos grupos. Os dois grupos apresentaram faixas etárias semelhantes, comparadas pelo teste t de Student. Os resultados dos componentes C3 e C4 mostraram distribuição normal e foram então comparados utilizando-se o teste t de Student, considerando-se significante quando p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os valores observados no grupo de crianças portadoras de asma atópica intermitente mostraram aumentos significativos para: C3 em 85,0% das crianças; C4 em 87,5%; C3 e C4 em 72,5%; C3 ou C4 em 97,5%, quando comparados aos valores observados das crianças sem asma e da mesma faixa etária. CONCLUSÃO: Observamos um aumento dos valores séricos dos componentes C3 e/ou C4 do sistema complemento na maioria das crianças estudadas portadoras de asma atópica intermitente, em comparação aos valores de crianças sem asma, da mesma faixa etária. Concluímos que a presença de valores aumentados dos componentes C3 e/ou C4 do complemento possa representar um biomarcador no diagnóstico de asma atópica intermitente.

Factores asociados al asma en los niños y adolescentes de la zona rural de Navarra (España

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Itsaso Elizalde-Beiras

2018-06-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Objetivos: Conocer los factores asociados al asma y síntomas relacionados con asma en la población infantil y adolescente en la zona rural de Navarra (España a través de la validación del cuestionario ISAAC. Participantes y métodos: Estudio transversal mediante la realización del cuestionario ISAAC y variables adicionales por 797 niños y adolescentes, a través del cual se obtuvieron datos de prevalencia sobre síntomas de asma y factores asociados sin realizar ninguna prueba diagnóstica adicional. Emplazamiento: Marco de atención primaria. A través de las zonas básicas de salud se hizo la selección de la muestra y en los centros educativos de dichas zonas se realizó el cuestionario. Mediciones y resultados: El análisis estadístico se hizo a través de regresión logística, chi cuadrado e intervalo de confianza al 95%. La prevalencia asma referida es del 11,7% en niños y del 13,4% en adolescentes. En cuanto a los factores relacionados, según los valores de OR destacan: OR = 9,5 entre sibilancias y asma, y OR = 3,5 entre rinitis recientes y asma. Respecto a las sibilancias recientes, hallamos un OR = 11,5 entre despertares y sibilancias recientes, y un OR = 3,4 entre rinitis recientes y sibilancias recientes. Conclusiones: El asma referida es una enfermedad prevalente ligeramente superior en la adolescencia y la población femenina de los escolares de la zona rural. Rinitis y otros síntomas de asma están relacionados con el asma y con las sibilancias, así como la utilización de los servicios de urgencias en el caso del asma y la bronquitis con las sibilancias. Abstract: Objectives: To determine the factors associated with asthma and asthma-related symptoms in children and adolescents in rural areas of Navarre (Spain. Participants and methods: A cross-sectional study using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC questionnaire, as well as additional variables, was conducted on 797

Avaliação da qualidade de vida em crianças e adolescentes com asma: Validação semântica e estudo piloto do DISABKIDS – Módulo para a Asma

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Silva, Neuza; Carona, Carlos; Crespo, Carla; Canavarro, Maria Cristina

2011-01-01

A qualidade de vida tem surgido na literatura como um importante indicador de saúde. A elevada prevalência da asma na população pediátrica portuguesa torna particularmente relevante a avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde nesta condição. Objectivos. (1) Descrever o processo de desenvolvimento das versões Portuguesas do DISABKIDS- Módulo para a Asma; (2) avaliar a importância e compreensibilidade dos seus itens e adequação da escala de resposta (validação semântica); e (3) exa...

Asthma control in Latin America: the Asthma Insights and Reality in Latin America (AIRLA survey El control del asma en América Latina: la encuesta de Percepción y Realidad del Asma en América Latina

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Hugo Neffen

2005-03-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: The aims of this survey were (1 to assess the quality of asthma treatment and control in Latin America, (2 to determine how closely asthma management guidelines are being followed, and (3 to assess perception, knowledge and attitudes related to asthma in Latin America. METHODS: We surveyed a household sample of 2 184 adults or parents of children with asthma in 2003 in 11 countries in Latin America. Respondents were asked about healthcare utilization, symptom severity, activity limitations and medication use. RESULTS: Daytime asthma symptoms were reported by 56% of the respondents, and 51% reported being awakened by their asthma at night. More than half of those surveyed had been hospitalized, attended a hospital emergency service or made unscheduled emergency visits to other healthcare facilities for asthma during the previous year. Patient perception of asthma control did not match symptom severity, even in patients with severe persistent asthma, 44.7% of whom regarded their disease as being well or completely controlled. Only 2.4% (2.3% adults and 2.6% children met all criteria for asthma control. Although 37% reported treatment with prescription medications, only 6% were using inhaled corticosteroids. Most adults (79% and children (68% in this survey reported that asthma symptoms limited their activities. Absence from school and work was reported by 58% of the children and 31% of adults, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma control in Latin America falls short of goals in international guidelines, and in many aspects asthma care and control in Latin America suffer from the same shortcomings as in other areas of the world.OBJETIVOS: Los objetivos de esta encuesta fueron 1 determinar la calidad del tratamiento y control del asma en América Latina, 2 determinar el grado de adherencia a las guías de tratamiento, y 3 determinar la percepción, los conocimientos y las actitudes con respecto al asma en América Latina. MÉTODO: La

Investigação de fatores associados à asma de difícil controle Investigation of factors associated with difficult-to-control asthma

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Ana Carla Sousa de Araujo

2007-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Pesquisar a freqüência dos fatores associados à asma de difícil controle. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados pacientes com diagnóstico de asma grave do ambulatório de asma do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Os pacientes foram classificados em dois grupos: asma grave controlada e asma grave de difícil controle. Após nova tentativa de otimização do tratamento para o grupo de difícil controle, foram aplicados questionário e investigação complementar de fatores associados, como exposição ambiental domiciliar e ocupacional, tabagismo, fatores sociais, rinossinusite, doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE, apnéia obstrutiva do sono, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC, embolia pulmonar, fibrose cística, disfunção de cordas vocais, deficiência de alfa-1 antitripsina e vasculite de Churg-Strauss. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 77 pacientes com asma grave, dos quais 47 apresentavam asma de difícil controle, sendo 68,1% do sexo feminino, idade média de 44,4 anos (±14,4 e volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo de 54,7% (±18,3%. Dos diagnósticos encontrados em associação à asma de difícil controle, o mais freqüente foi a pouca adesão ao tratamento (68%. Outros foram as más condições ambientais (34% e ocupacionais (17%, rinossinusite (57%, DRGE (49%, apnéia obstrutiva do sono (2%, ICC (2% e tabagismo (10%. Em todos os casos, pelo menos um desses fatores concomitantes foi diagnosticado. CONCLUSÕES: O fator mais freqüente associado à asma de difícil controle nos indivíduos estudados é a pouca adesão à medicação prescrita. A investigação de co-morbidades é imperativa na avaliação de pacientes com esta forma da doença.OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of factors associated with difficult-to-control asthma. METHODS: Patients with severe asthma were selected from the outpatient asthma clinic of the Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine Hospital das Cl

CDC: Consejos de exfumadores: El Consejo de Jessica Sobre el Asma PSA (:30)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2012-03-19

La exposición al humo de segunda mano puede provocar un ataque de asma que puede ser mortal. Este anuncio de servicio público de 30 segundos de la campaña de los CDC “Consejos de exfumadores”, muestra a Jessica, la madre de un niño pequeño que tiene ataques de asma por la exposición al humo de segunda mano. Su consejo es que las personas no sientan pena de decirles a otras que no fumen cerca de sus hijos.  Created: 3/19/2012 by Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.   Date Released: 8/8/2013.

Fatores associados ao controle da asma em pacientes pediátricos em centro de referência Factores asociados al control del asma en pacientes pediátricos en centro de referencia Factors associated with asthma control in a pediatric reference center

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Vanessa Mika Kinchoku

2011-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever os dados epidemiológicos, clínicos e os fatores associados ao controle da asma em pacientes asmáticos seguidos em um ambulatório pediátrico especializado. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de pacientes asmáticos ambulatoriais, para os quais eram fornecidas medicações profiláticas. A classificação da asma, as etapa de tratamento e a avaliação do controle seguiram a IV Diretrizes Brasileiras para o Manejo da Asma, de 2006. Os fatores avaliados foram: outras alergias, obesidade, imunodeficiências, refluxo gastresofágico e sensibilização alérgica, sendo comparados pacientes com asma controlada ou não com relação à etapa do tratamento, à obesidade e à sensibilização alérgica. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 300 pacientes com asma (1,38M:1F, com mediana de idade de 10,8 anos, e de início dos sintomas de 1,0 ano. A atopia estava presente em 78% dos pais e/ou irmãos. Antecedentes pessoais de doenças alérgicas ocorreram em 292 pacientes (96% rinite, 27% dermatite atópica, 18% conjuntivite alérgica, 6% alergia alimentar. Foram diagnosticados sete casos de deficiência de IgA (DIgA e quatro de IgG2; obesidade em 37/253 (15%, sendo que sobrepeso e obesidade estiveram associados à falta de controle (p=0,023. Em 118 pacientes com multissensibilização, predominaram casos não controlados (22 (19% casos; p=0,049; OR 1,9; IC95% 1,03-3,50. Entre os 180 casos (60% em tratamento nas etapas 3 e 4, 122 (45% estavam controlados e 112 (41% parcialmente controlados. CONCLUSÕES: A rinite foi a alergia mais associada à asma e a prevalência de DIgA foi 20 vezes maior do que na população geral. O controle parcial ou total dos sintomas da asma foi obtido em 85% dos casos. Obesidade/sobrepeso e multissensibilização foram associadas à falta de controle da asma.OBJETIVO: Describir los datos epidemiológicos, clínicos y los factores asociados al control del asma en pacientes asmáticos seguidos en ambulatorio pedi

Características de crianças hospitalizadas com asma grave no sul do Brasil = Characteristics of children hospitalized with severe asthma in southern Brazil

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Veras, Tiago Neves

2010-01-01

Conclusões: a principal faixa etária dos pacientes internados por exacerbação de asma foi abaixo de três anos, com predomínio do sexo masculino e frequência aumentada no inverno. Constatou-se baixo índice de acompanhamento ambulatorial e uso de medicação preventiva. O seguimento preventivo, educação em asma e uso de profilaxia com corticóides inalados deve ser incentivado para diminuir as taxas de hospitalização por asma no Brasil

Controlo clínico e histopatológico da asma quando utilizada a hiperreactividade brônquica como um indicador adicional no tratamento da asma a longo prazo

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Jacob K. Sont

2000-01-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: A Asma, é uma doençã inflamatória crónica das vías aéreas caracterizada por episódios recorrentes de dispneia e sibilância que se associam a obstrução variavel das vias aéreas.Estes aspectos podem ser desencadeados em laboratório, pela exposição a estimulos broncoconstritores, demonstrando a existência de hiperreactividade brônquica (HRB.A inflamação das vias aéreas acompanhante caracteriza-se par um·infiltrado especifico de mastocitos, linfocitos e eosinófilos no epitelio brônquico e lamina propria e par um espessamento da camada reticular subendotelial, mesmo em doentes com asma ligeira. Deste modo, os aulores consideram que o estadio da doença deve ser determinado com base na gravidade dos sintornas, grau de limitação do fluxo aéreo, grau de hiperreactividade brônquica e inflamação das vias aéreas.De acordo com o Consenso Internacional (4, o principal objectivo do tratamento da Asma é reverter ou prevenir a inflamação das vias aéreas. A terapêutica, administrada de acordo com a gravidade da doença, baseiase apenas nos sintomas e na função pulmonar (determinação do débito expiratório máximo instantâneo-DEMI através da utilização do Peak-flow.Os autores referem que a inflamação das vias aéreas na asma, está associada com a hiperreactividade brônquica a estímulos broncoconstritores. Deste modo, postulam que a HRB pode serum elemento a considerar na terapêutica da asma, tendo investigado como a estratégia do tratamento baseada na HRB (estratégia HRB em associação com as recommendações dos consensos internacionais (estratégia de referênda, conduzem a: 1 Controlo mais eficaz da asma; 2 Melhoria significativa da inflamação das vias aéreas.Para tal, os autores realizaram um ensaio randomizado, prospectivo, paralelo, envolvendo 75 adultos com asma

Tendência temporal de asma em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil no período de 1998 a 2008 Tendencia temporal de asma en niños y adolescentes en Brasil en el período de 1998 a 2008 Time trend of asthma in children and adolescents in Brazil, 1998-2008

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Fernando César Wehrmeister

2012-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar as tendências de asma em crianças e adolescentes entre 1998 e 2008 no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os dados de prevalência de asma da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios, dos anos de 1998, 2003 e 2008. A amostra foi constituída por 141.402, 144.443 e 134.032 indivíduos em 1998, 2003 e 2008, respectivamente, e a análise foi ajustada pelo desenho amostral. As tendências de asma foram descritas por sexo, regiões do Brasil e local de residência, em crianças (zero a nove anos e adolescentes (dez a 19 anos. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de asma entre crianças foi 7,7% em 1998, 8,1% em 2003 e 8,5% em 2008, com um incremento anual de 1%. O maior aumento anual foi observado nas regiões Sudeste e Norte (1,4%. Entre o grupo de adolescentes, a prevalência de asma foi de 4,4% em 1998, 5,0% em 2003 e 5,5% em 2008, com aumento de 2,2% ao ano. Na região Nordeste, o aumento anual na prevalência de asma foi de 3,5%. Os maiores incrementos foram observados entre os meninos e entre moradores da zona rural. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar de a asma apresentar um decréscimo em países emergentes, no Brasil os resultados apontam um incremento da asma entre crianças e adolescentes no período de 1998 e 2008, especialmente na zona rural.OBJETIVO: Analizar las tendencias de asma en niños y adolescentes entre 1998 y 2008 en Brasil. MÉTODOS: Se analizaron los datos de prevalencia de asma de la Investigación Nacional por Muestra de Domicilios, de los años de 1998, 2003 y 2008. La muestra fue constituida por 141.402, 144.443 y 134.032 individuos en 1998, 2003 y 2008, respectivamente y el análisis fue ajustado por el diseño muestral. Las tendencias de asma fueron descritas por sexo, regiones de Brasil y lugar de residencia, en niños (cero a nueve años y adolescentes (diez a 19 años. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de asma entre niños fue de 7,7% en 1998, 8,1% en 2003 y 8,5% en 2008, con un incremento anual de 1%. El mayor aumento anual

Sindroma de Churg-Strauss: um diagnóstico de asma e eosinofília

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Tiago Tribolet de Abreu

2001-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: Introdução: O S. de Churg-Strauss (SCS é uma entidade clínica em que um quadro de asma e eosinofilia coexiste com um atingimento multissistémico.Caso-clínico: Um homem de 63 anos, com diagnóstico de asma e rinite alérgica desde os 55 anos, inicia um quadro de febre, artrite, polineuropatia e hematúria. Verificou-se a existência de eosinofilia marcada e sinusopatia maxilar e etmoidal bilateral. Iniciou corticoterapia, com regressão completa do quadro clínico e laboratorial. Está actualmente assintomático, com Prednisolona 5 mg/dia.Discussão: Revendo os diagnósticos diferenciais de doença pulmonar com eosinofilia,verificámos que a presença de atingimento extrapulmonar permite considerarmos o SCS e o S. hipereosinofílico idiopático como únicas hipóteses. A existência de asma selecciona o SCS como o diagnóstico correcto.Conclusões: a perante um doente com asma e eosinofilia (superior a 10%, o S. de Churg-Strauss é um diagnóstico a ter sempre presente; b o diagnóstico é principalmente clínico, de acordo com os critérios de classificação; c a corticoterapia é muito eficaz e o seu desmame lento permite doses de manutenção baixas.REV PORT PNEUMOL 2001; VII (6: ABSTRACT: Background: The Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS is a disease in which asthma and eosinophilia occur with multisystemic manifestations.Case-report: A 63 year old male, with a diagnosis of asthma and allergic rhinitis for 8 years, has fever, arthritis, peripheral neuropathy and hematuria. Marked eosinophilia and sinusitis were found. Corticosteroids were given, with complete clinical and laboratorial remission. The patient is asymptomatic with a daily dose of 5 mg of Prednisolone.Discussion: Reviewing the differential diagnosis of pulmonary disease and eosinophilia, the extrapulmonary involvement only exists in the CSS and the hypereosinophilic syndrome. Asthma is present only in the former, and so the Churg-Strauss syndrome was the correct

Interface entre a natação e o tratamento da asma sob a perspectiva do paciente asmático

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João Lucas Pinto Matias

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: analisar a interface entre a natação e o tratamento da asma sob a perspectiva do praticante asmático. Método: trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com cinco crianças e adolescentes, praticantes de natação. Foi utilizada como técnica de construção das informações empíricas a entrevista semiestruturada e, para análise das informações, a análise de conteúdo do tipo análise temática, em que emergiram dois núcleos de sentido: descoberta e percepção da doença e relação entre o tratamento da asma e a natação. Resultados: o reconhecimento do exercício físico como possível agravo da asma existe há décadas, todavia, há igual período de tempo se reconhece que o exercício físico regular e planejado torna-se um fator redutivo da frequência das crises asmáticas. O tratamento da asma para os sujeitos vem como algo substancial e, quando atrelado à prática esportiva, mais especificamente a natação, torna-se um eficiente manejo na trajetória fisiopatológica. Considerações finais: a asma tem sido um fator importante para adesão e manutenção na natação e que, de acordo com os participantes, a sua prática tem melhorado em diversos aspectos os sintomas da doença.

Prevalência e associação de asma e rinite em adolescentes de 13 e 14 anos de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil

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Maria de Fátima Gomes de Luna

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar a prevalência e associação de asma e rinite. Trata-se de estudo transversal envolvendo 3.015 adolescentes de 13-14 anos de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, de escolas públicas e privadas, utilizando-se o protocolo do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC, em 2006/2007. A prevalência de asma foi 22,6%; de rinite, 43,2% e de rinoconjuntivite, 18,7%, predominando no sexo feminino (p = 0,002, p < 0,001 e p < 0,001, respectivamente e nos adolescentes das escolas privadas (p < 0,001. Entre os adolescentes que relataram asma, a taxa de rinite foi de 64,4% e de rinoconjuntivite, 35,3%. A taxa da associação asma-rinite na população foi de 14,6%, e asma-rinoconjuntivite, 8%, predominando no sexo feminino (p < 0,001 e p < 0,001, respectivamente e associando-se a sibilos com limite da fala (p = 0,037 e p = 0,004, respectivamente. O estudo pode contribuir para alertar os profissionais de saúde quanto à importância da abordagem integrada dessas enfermidades, considerando o conceito da "via aérea única" e buscando opções de tratamento que atuem nas duas condições quando presentes simultaneamente.

Komunikasi Dokter dengan Sikap Konkordansi pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru, Hipertensi, dan Asma

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Ita Patriani

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Pengobatan penyakit kronik tidak hanya membutuhkan ketersediaan obat dan petugas kesehatan yaitu dokter, tetapi juga tiga faktor yakni kepatuhan (compliance, aderensi (adherency, dan konkordansi ( concordance. Ketiga faktor tersebut sangat penting dalam upaya penanganan penyakit kro-nik, termasuk tuberkulosis (TB paru, hipertensi, dan asma. Untuk mewujudkan sikap konkordansi, dibutuhkan komunikasi efektif antara dokter dan pasien. Komunikasi yang terjalin efektif akan meningkatkan pemahaman dan motivasi dalam diri pasien untuk mengikuti nasihat dari dokter. Adapun penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh tingginya angka penderita dan angka kegagalan berobat ( drop out pasien tuberkulosis paru, hipertensi, asma di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Mataram. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan komunikasi dokter dan karakteristik pasien dengan sikap konkordansi pasien. Penelitian dengan desain studi potong lintang ini dilakukan terhadap 174 pasien TB paru, hipertensi, dan asma sebagai responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan, pengeluaran, dan komunikasi merupakan variabel yang berhubungan dengan sikap konkordansi pada pasien TB paru, hipertensi, dan asma. Rekomedasi tindak lanjut dari penelitian ini adalah peningkatan fasilitas ruangan untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan komunikasi pasien dan dokter, penyelenggaraan program pengembangan kemampuan komunikasi dokter, dan survei berkala untuk menilai proses komunikasi dokter-pasien. The therapy of chronic diseases is not only needed drugs supply and health staff, that is physician, but also three factors such as compliance, adherence, and concordance. The three of factors are crucial in the handling of chronic diseases like lung tuberculosis, hypertension, and asthma. To accomplish a concordance attitude is needed an effective communication between physician and patient. The effective communication may increase the understanding and motivation of patients to comply the physician�

Qualidade de vida em doentes com asma Quality of life in asthma patients

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Lara Noronha Ferreira

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo é descrito um estudo, cujo objectivo é a medição da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde (QdVRS de doentes com asma e a apresentação de uma primeira aproximação aos valores normativos, com base no SF-6D, para aquele tipo de doentes. Pretende-se ainda averiguar a capacidade de medidas genéricas de medição da QdVRS distinguirem grupos em termos de características sociodemográficas. Aplicaram-se, por entrevista pessoal, as versões portuguesas do EQ-5D, do SF-6D, do AQLQ(S e do ACQ a uma amostra representativa da população portuguesa com asma. A maioria dos indivíduos não apresentou problemas significativos nas dimensões medidas, excepto na função física, onde os indivíduos reportaram limitações moderadas. Em média, os inquiridos apresentam valores de utilidade de 0,86. Os homens, os mais jovens, os solteiros, os indivíduos com habilitações literárias mais elevadas, os empregados, os indivíduos com rendimentos mais elevados e aqueles que residiam em zonas urbanas foram os que reportaram níveis de utilidade mais elevados. Por outro lado, os indivíduos que se encontravam num estádio mais avançado da doença reportaram, como era de esperar, níveis médios de utilidade inferiores aos dos que se encontravam num estádio menos grave da doença. Foram obtidos valores normativos para o SF-6D para doentes com asma por género, grupo etário, estado civil, habilitações literárias, situação profissional, local de residência e rendimento médio mensal líquido. As medidas de utilidade baseadas em preferências utilizadas neste estudo discriminam adequadamente grupos de doentes com asma, de acordo com grupos sociodemográficos. Os valores normativos obtidos podem ser usados em estudos de avaliação económica e estudos clínicos, uma vez que incorporam as preferências dos doentes e traduzem a utilidade atribuída ao seu estado de saúde.In this paper we present a study whose main aim is the

Designing for informed group formation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nicolajsen, Hanne Westh; Juel Jacobsen, Alice; Riis, Marianne

2012-01-01

A new design ―project preparation‖ preparing for the group formation in problem based project work is proposed and investigated. The main problem is to overcome group formation based on existing relations. The hypothesis is that theme development and group formation are somewhat counterproductive...

Dispneia, tosse e pieira… será asma?

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Catarina Ferreira

2014-12-01

Discussão: O CAQ é uma variante do adenocarcinoma de ocorrência pulmonar rara. Tem origem a partir das glândulas seromucosas da mucosa traqueobrônquica e tem frequentemente localização central. O sintoma de apresentação mais comum é dispneia associada a sibilância, pieira e tosse, frequentemente interpretada como asma. Tem comportamento infiltrativo e crescimento lento. A terapêutica de eleição é a exérese total sempre que possível. As recidivas locais são frequentes. Apesar disso, tem bom prognóstico, com sobrevida de 91 e 76%, respectivamente aos 5 e aos 10 anos.

Esteroides inhalados: pilar fundamental en el tratamiento actual del asma

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Roidel Pérez Pérez

2003-06-01

Full Text Available El asma bronquial es una de las enfermedades a las que más se enfrenta el médico cubano, y un mejor conocimiento de su fisiopatología ha provocado modificaciones en la estrategia terapéutica. Con el propósito de actualizar conocimientos referentes al tema de los antiinflamatorios esteroides y el uso de los dispositivos para la terapia inhalatoria, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, para lo cual se consultó la información disponible en Medline, Medscape, Infomed y Doyma; se realizó además un bosquejo sobre la evolución fisiopatológica del asma y su repercusión en la terapéutica actual; se resumieron los aspectos más importantes de la terapia por vía inhalatoria, los dispositivos empleados para este fin, así como las drogas más usadas; y se concluyó que son fundamentales en el tratamiento del asma y que deben ser usados precozmente en todo asmático crónico, que los efectos adversos son mínimos usados adecuadamente, y que es de importancia capital el uso correcto de esos inhaladores.Bronchial asthma is one of the diseases that is more commonly faced by the Cuban physician, so a better knowledge of its physiopathology has brought about changes in the therapeutic strategy. With the objective of updating knowledge about steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and the use of devices for inhaling therapy, a literature review was made using data available in Medline, Medscape, Infomed and Doyma. This was accompanied by an outline of the physiopathological evolution of asthma and its effect on the present therapy. The most important aspects of inhaling therapy, the devices used as well as the most used drugs were summarized and it was concluded that inhalers are fundamental in asthma treatment, that they should be early used in chronic asthma cases, their adverse effects are minimal if adequately applied and that the correct use of these devices are of vital importance.

Prevalência da asma e da rinite em adolescentes de 13 anos do Porto, Portugal

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Helena Falcão

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Introdução: As prevalências da asma e rinite têm aumentado nas últimas décadas, mas nos últimos anos tem sido referida a sua estabilização ou mesmo diminuição.Objectivo: O objectivo foi o de descrever a prevalência de rinite, asma ou sintomas do tipo da asma em adolescentes urbanos de 13 anos.Métodos: Os participantes elegíveis foram todos os alunos das escolas públicas e privadas do Porto, nascidos em 1990; 2161 (77,5% concordaram em participar. Através de questionários autoaplicados, a informação recolhida contemplou aspectos sociais, demográficos, comportamentais, história clínica de asma e doenças alérgicas do adolescente e família. Foi usada a versão portuguesa do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood’s (ISAAC e foram efectuadas espirometrias.Resultados: Nesta amostra de adolescentes urbanos de 13 anos, a prevalência da asma durante a vida foi de 12,9%, 84,4% com diagnóstico médico. A pieira durante a vida foi 18,3% e no último ano de 9,3%. A rinite foi relatada por 10,1%, mas a prevalência durante a vida de adolescentes com espirros, rinorreia serosa ou obstrução nasal, foi de 32,0%, e no último ano de 27,4%.Conclusão: Verificou-se uma estabilização ou mesmo diminuição da prevalência dos sintomas e diagnóstico de asma e rinite nos adolescentes do Porto, quando comparada com os resultados do ISAAC em 2002, tal como noutras investigações na Europa. A asma e a rinite estão frequentemente presentes no mesmo doente e a tosse nocturna é um importante sintoma que surge associado aos sintomas nasais. A função pulmonar permitiu discriminar os adolescentes com queixas respiratórias.Rev Port Pneumol 2008; XIV (6: 747-768 Abstract: Background: The prevalence of asthma and rhinitis has been increasing over the past few decades, but the last few years have seen these rates

Conocimientos y actitudes ante el asma de los profesores de centros escolares de educación infantil, educación primaria y educación secundaria obligatoria del área territorial Madrid-capital

OpenAIRE

Miguel Lavisier, Begoña de

2016-01-01

El asma es la enfermedad crónica más frecuente en la infancia. Diferentes factores de riesgo influyen en la evolución de los pacientes asmáticos, unos en el desarrollo del asma y otros como desencadenante de los síntomas. Las medidas dirigidas a evitar estos últimos son básicas en el tratamiento del asma, y por lo tanto los pacientes y sus cuidadores deben aprender a identificarlos. El tratamiento del asma en los niños se basa en un plan individualizado que incluya el ajuste del tratamiento f...

Prevalencia de asma y otras enfermedades alérgicas en niños escolares de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua

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Barraza-Villarreal Albino

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia y severidad del asma, de la rinitis y del eczema en escolares. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal efectuado entre abril de 1998 y mayo de 1999 en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México, a una muestra aleatoria de 6 174 niños de 53 escuelas. Se aplicó la metodología propuesta por el International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC (etapas 1 y 2 para determinar la prevalencia y severidad del asma, rinitis y eczema. La información de prevalencia, tanto actual como acumulada para dichos padecimientos, se obtuvo mediante un cuestionario ya estandarizado y contestado por los padres de los niños. El diseño de la muestra se hizo por un muestreo mixto, en el cual se estratificó por nivel de contaminación ambiental. Se estimaron prevalencias actual y acumulada estratificando por grupo de edad, sexo, área e historia familiar de asma. Resultados. La prevalencia acumulada de asma por diagnóstico médico y sibilancia (silbidos fue de 6.8% (IC95% 6.2-7.4 y 20.% (IC95% 19.7-21.8, respectivamente; la prevalencia de sibilancia en los últimos 12 meses fue mayor en el grupo de 6-8 años que en el de 11-14 años(9.7% contra 5.8% (phttp://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html

Conceptos Básicos en Asma Bronquial

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Alfredo Jácome Roca

2001-04-01

Full Text Available

Si hay una patología común en medicina, especialmente en pediatría, esta es el asma bronquial.

Más de cien millones de asmáticos habitan en la tierra; y aunque nunca antes se había sabido tanto de la fisiopatología de esta enfermedad, ni ha habido tantos fármacos y medios de tratarla, en un sinnúmero de casos ni los padres ni los médicos parecen encontrarle salida a tan desesperante situación.

Nadie más preparado en nuestro medio para analizar este tema que el Profesor Eduardo De Zubiría, insigne internista y reconocido alergista de la tradicional escuela de La Samaritana, que desarrollara en compañía de su hermano Roberto, y de quienes tuve la fortuna de ser alumno en 1960.

Eduardo y sus dos hijos De Zubiría Salgado (Eduardo Jr. Y Alberto navegan con autoridad por ese mundo fantástico de los mastocitos, de los eosinófilos y de los linfocitos, de las inmunoglobulinas, de los mediadores, de las linfoquinas y de todo aquello que configura las reacciones alérgicas, el espasmo y la hiperreactividad bronquiales.

No podría tampoco faltar en la obra el capítulo sobre ácaros, de los expertos Mario Sánchez Medina y Luis Caraballo, quienes desde hace muchos años vienen investigando sobre este tema en Colombia.

El libro está elaborado con una secuencia muy didáctica, pues comienza con la epidemiología de la enfermedad y continúa, entre otros, con temas fisiopatológicos, discutiendo en detalle aquellas células y mediadores de la inflamación y de la respuesta alérgica, y en particular los anticuerpos, destacándose entre ellos la inmunoglobulina E.

Los pacientes con hiperreactividad bronquial son más dados a sufrir los ataques espasmódicos que llevan a la obstrucción de las vías aéreas, yen algunos casos a las dramáticas y peligrosas crisis asmáticas, que tan frecuentemente vemos en los servicios de urgencias y que resultan tan onerosos para nuestro sistema de salud.

El texto

Prevalencia y factores asociados al asma en niños de 5 a 14 años de un área rural del sur del Perú

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César V. Munayco

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados al asma en niños de 5 a 14 años de una zona rural en la provincia de Ica, Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal en niños de 5 a 14 años del distrito de Santiago, Ica, en el año 2004. Se visitaron a las madres de los niños seleccionados a través de un muestreo aleatorio sistemático y se aplicó un cuestionario basado en el ISAAC, asimismo, se evaluaron factores asociados al asma. Tomando el desarrollo de asma como variable de respuesta, se efectuó un modelo de regresión logística binaria a fin de identificar los factores que se le asocian de manera independiente. Resultados. De un total de 200 sujetos, 186 fueron encuestados, 25 de ellos cumplían la definición de asma, la prevalencia global de asma fue de 13,5% (IC95%: 8,8 - 19,8%, predominando ligeramente en los niños menores de 5 años (39% respecto al resto de grupos de edad (16 y 7% para 6 a 10 y 11 a 14 años respectivamente. Dentro de los factores asociados a tener asma se encontraron el antecedente de padecer rinitis, haber recibido antibióticos durante el primer año de vida y tabaquismo del padre en el primer año de vida. Los factores protectores fueron haber tenido diarrea durante el primer año de vida y haber sido vacunados con BCG. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de asma en una zona rural es comparable con la de otras ciudades en el mundo. Se le asocian factores que pueden ser modificados como el tratamiento antibiótico durante el primer año de vida y el tabaquismo paterno.

Contaminación biológica intradomiciliaria y su relación con síntomas respiratorios indicativos de asma bronquial en preescolares de Bucaramanga, Colombia

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Astrid Berena Herrera

2011-03-01

Conclusiones. La exposición a contaminantes biológicos intramurales (ácaros y hongos, los antecedentes personales de prematuridad, neumonía o rinitis y el antecedente familiar de asma, incrementan la probabilidad de presentación de síntomas indicativos de asma bronquial en la población estudiada.

Designing for informed group formation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nicolajsen, Hanne Westh; Juel Jacobsen, Alice; Riis, Marianne

2012-01-01

A new design ―project preparation‖ preparing for the group formation in problem based project work is proposed and investigated. The main problem is to overcome group formation based on existing relations. The hypothesis is that theme development and group formation are somewhat counterproductive....... Following research based design methodology an experiment separating the two was initiated.This was to provide for more openness and creativity in contrast to a design in which existing relations seem predominant....

AsMA Medical Guidelines for Air Travel: In-Flight Medical Care.

Science.gov (United States)

Thibeault, Claude; Evans, Anthony D; Pettyjohn, Frank S; Alves, Paulo M

2015-06-01

Medical Guidelines for Airline Travel provide information that enables healthcare providers to properly advise patients who plan to travel by air. All airlines are required to provide first aid training for cabin crew, and the crew are responsible for managing any in-flight medical events. There are also regulatory requirements for the carriage of first aid and medical kits. AsMA has developed recommendations for first aid kits, emergency medical kits, and universal precaution kits.

Asma y actividad física. Revisión

OpenAIRE

Corbi, Francesc; Baiget i Vidal, Ernest; Bofill, A.

2014-01-01

El asma es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de elevada prevalencia a nivel mundial, siendo el colectivo más afectado el formado por niños y adolescentes. Su sintomatología se caracteriza por la aparición de tos, disnea, sibilancias, sensación de opresión en el pecho y broncoconstricción. Tradicionalmente se había pensado que el deporte y el ejercicio físico estaban contraindicados en pacientes asmáticos. Por otro lado, el paciente asmático suele presentar niveles de condición física y prác...

Uso do sulfato de magnésio venoso para tratamento da asma aguda grave da criança no pronto-socorro

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Tânia Mara Baraky Bittar

2012-03-01

Full Text Available A asma aguda grave é uma emergência médica que deve ser diagnosticada e tratada rapidamente. O tratamento inicial inclui broncodilatadores e corticosteróides sistêmicos. Em casos graves, com fraca resposta ao tratamento padrão, o sulfato de magnésio venoso surge como opção terapêutica. O objetivo deste artigo foi revisar a literatura sobre o uso do sulfato de magnésio venoso na asma aguda em crianças no pronto-socorro no que se refere a eficácia, indicação, dosagem, efeitos adversos e contraindicações. Realizada revisão narrativa por meio das Bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e Cochrane Database of Systmatic Reviews, entre 2000 e 2010. Utilizados os descritores: asthma, children, emergency, magnesium sulfate. Incluídos oito ensaios clínicos controlados, três meta-análises, um estudo retrospectivo, oito artigos de revisão e um estudo transversal. A eficácia do magnésio venoso em crianças foi observada por vários autores, com raros efeitos adversos. Seu uso foi indicado para os pacientes com asma aguda moderada e grave que não responderam ao tratamento inicial com broncodilatador e corticosteróide. As contraindicações em pediatria são poucas. Entre elas estão insuficiência renal e bloqueio atrioventricular. Existem poucos relatos da interação do magnésio com drogas de uso pediátrico. Apesar da segurança, na prática, o magnésio venoso é pouco usado na asma aguda em pediatria. Na maioria das vezes, é indicado tardiamente para impedir falência respiratória e internação na unidade de cuidados intensivos. Os estudos demonstram que o magnésio venoso é uma droga eficaz e segura na criança com asma aguda grave, porém o seu uso no pronto-socorro ainda é limitado.

Revisão sistemática sobre modelos experimentais de asma aguda e crônica induzidos com extrato de ácaro da poeira doméstica

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Moisés Santos Dutra

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Introdução: Asma é uma doença crônica das vias aéreas inferiores com elevada prevalência. Pesquisadores no mundo todo têm desenvolvido vários estudos experimentais em camundongos com o objetivo de entender melhor os mecanismos da doença e testar novas terapias. Ácaros estão presentes de forma abundante na poeira doméstica, sendo considerados os alérgenos mais comuns desencadeantes de asma alérgica. Este estudo objetiva apresentar e discutir desfechos inflamatórios no tecido pulmonar dos camundongos, verificar a diferença entre os modelos agudo e crônico de asma alérgica, tempo de exposição ao alérgeno, dose administrada e seu impacto nas pesquisas em modelos experimentais com asma. Métodos: A revisão da literatura foi realizada em quatro bancos de dados (PubMed, Scielo, Scopus e ScienceDirect. Os artigos selecionados foram avaliados primeiramente por dois pesquisadores de forma independente, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. Resultados: Foram separados 126 artigos. Aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, somente 15 foram selecionados. São artigos que apresentaram diferentes protocolos de exposição ao HDM. A dose de HDM mais encontrada foi 100µg seguida por 25µg, e o tipo de modelo foi agudo. Conclusão: No modelo agudo, observa-se um elevado nível de inflamação das vias aéreas. Já o modelo crônico reproduz melhor as características da asma em humanos, hiper-responsividade brônquica e remodelamento das vias aéreas. Palavras-chave: Asma; ácaro; alérgeno; camundongos

Crisis aguda de Asma Bronquial. Diagnóstico y tratamiento estandarizado

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Anelia de la Caridad Rojas-Pérez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de intervención en 150 pacientes con diagnóstico de Asma Bronquial que acudieron con crisis aguda al Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Pediátrico de Holguín, de Enero del 2009 hasta Diciembre del 2010; para evaluar la evolución de los mismos después de la aplicación de Guías de Buenas Prácticas. Se aplicó tratamiento a los pacientes según lo establecido, observando su respuesta. Predominó el grupo de 4 a 8 años del sexo masculino, el 52 % de los pacientes presentaron crisis ligeras, buena respuesta al uso de broncodilatadores en aerosol, se aplicó la Prednisona por vía oral en la mayoría de los casos que lo requirieron, el 68,7 % realizó tratamiento domiciliario con respuestas controladas y solo en el 31,3 % se decidió ingreso hospitalario lo que permitió arribar a la siguiente conclusión: Con la aplicación de Guías de Buenas Prácticas Clínicas par a el manejo de la exacerbación aguda del Asma Bronquial se logró una clasificación adecuada de la severidad de la misma, buena respuesta a los tratamientos utilizados y disminución de los ingresos hospitalarios.

Asma bronquial. Atención primaria de salud

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Reinaldo Pino Blanco

2010-12-01

Full Text Available El siguiente trabajo define las pautas a seguir en la atención primaria de salud para logran un adecuado seguimiento y control de los pacientes que sufren enfermedades respiratorias crónicas y en particular el asma bronquial. Se realiza una revisión profunda de las principales guías para el manejo de la enfermedad, así como las mejores evidencias publicadas hasta la fecha.This paper sets out the guidelines in the primary health care to achieve an adequate monitoring and control of patients suffering from chronic respiratory diseases including bronchial asthma. A systematic review on the main guidelines to handle this disease and the best evidence published to this day are presented.

Conceitos de asma e instrumentos de levantamentos epidemiológicos de prevalência

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M.M. Vasconcelos

2004-07-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: A asma, doença multifactorial, de alta prevalência, com recorrência frequente, acomete indivíduos independentemente de idade, sexo e área geográfica. Por não haver consenso quanto à sua definição, diversos questionários foram desenvolvidos para padronização dos critérios epidemiológicos de suspeição ou diagnóstico, entre eles o da Comunidade Europeia de Saúde Respiratória (European Community Respiratory Health Survey - ECRHS, ferramenta importante para o estudo da prevalência em adultos com idade entre 20 e 44 anos, conferindo melhoria da qualidade metodológica dos levantamentos epidemiológicos, tornando-os comparáveis em tempo e local. Os objectivos deste artigo são comentar a evolução do conceito de asma e suas repercussões sobre os levantamentos epidemiológicos, historiar os instrumentos utilizados nesses levantamentos, relevando a importância do ECRHS, e apresentar dados epidemiológicos de asma em 351 trabalhadores de hospital-escola, na cidade de Recife – Pernambuco - Brasil.REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (4: 319-329 ABSTRACT: Introduction: Asthma, as a multifatorial disease, with high prevalence and frequent recurrence, attack people, independently of age, sex and geographical area. Because of lack of consensus about the definition of asthma, many questionnaires have been developed to standardize epidemiological criteria of suspicion and diagnosis. Among them, the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS is an important tool for prevalence studies on adults aged from 20 to 44 years old, that represented a methodological improvement of epidemiological surveys, turning them comparable about time and place. The objectives of this article are to comment the evolution of asthma concepts and its repercussion on epidemiological surveys, as well as to chronicle the tools used on these surveys, emphasizing the importance of ECRHS and

Efeitos da asma no estado nutricional em crianças: Revisão sistemática

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Daniele Andrade da Cunha

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Introdução: A asma é uma doença inflamatória crónica de alta prevalência, considerada um problema de saúde pública e constitui-se como uma das causas de baixo peso e atraso do crescimento. Objectivo: O objectivo do presente artigo foi rever na literatura os efeitos da asma no estado nutricional em crianças. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com busca de artigos nas bases PubMed, SciELO e LILACS. Foram excluídos os artigos de revisão, estudos com adultos ou pesquisas que não avaliassem os efeitos da asma em crianças. Foram incluídos artigos originais em humanos. Resultados: Na revisão sistemática da literatura foram encontrados 839 na base MEDLINE (1997-2008, 62 artigos na base MEDLINE (1966-1996, 47 no LILACS e 16 no SciELO - Brasil, totalizando 964 artigos. Destes, foram seleccionados 17 artigos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a evidência de que a asma interfere no estado nutricional não pode ser comprovada neste estudo. Abstract: Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of high prevalence, considered a public health problem and is thought to be one cause of low birth weight and growth retardation. Purpose: The purpose of this article was to review in literature the effects of asthma on the nutritional status in children. Material and methods: A systematic review was made by searching for articles in PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases. Review articles, studies with adults or research that did not evaluate the effects of asthma in children were excluded. Hence original articles in humans were included. Results: In the systematic review we found 901 articles in MEDLINE (1966-1996, 47 in LILACS and SciELO in the 16 - Brazil, totaling 964 articles. Of these, 17 articles were selected. Conclusion: Evidence that asthma interferes in nutritional status can not be proven in this study. Palavras-chaves: Asma, estado nutricional, criança, Key

Efeitos da asma no estado nutricional em crianças: Revisão sistemática

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Daniele Andrade da Cunha

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Introdução: A asma é uma doença inflamatória crónica de alta prevalência, considerada um problema de saúde pública e constitui-se como uma das causas de baixo peso e atraso do crescimento. Objectivo: O objectivo do presente artigo foi rever na literatura os efeitos da asma no estado nutricional em crianças. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com busca de artigos nas bases PubMed, SciELO e LILACS. Foram excluídos os artigos de revisão, estudos com adultos ou pesquisas que não avaliassem os efeitos da asma em crianças. Foram incluídos artigos originais em humanos. Resultados: Na revisão sistemática da literatura foram encontrados 839 na base MEDLINE (1997-2008, 62 artigos na base MEDLINE (1966-1996, 47 no LILACS e 16 no SciELO Brasil, totalizando 964 artigos. Destes, foram seleccionados 17 artigos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a evidência de que a asma interfere no estado nutricional não pode ser comprovada neste estudo.Rev Port Pneumol 2010; XVI (4: 617-626 Abstract: Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of high prevalence, considered a public health problem and is thought to be one cause of low birth weight and growth retardation. Purpose: The purpose of this article was to review in literature the effects of asthma on the nutritional status in children. Material and methods: A systematic review was made by searching for articles in PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases. Review articles, studies with adults or research that did not evaluate the effects of asthma in children were excluded. Hence original articles in humans were included. Results: In the systematic review we found 901 articles in MEDLINE (1966-1996, 47 in LILACS and SciELO in the 16 Brazil, totaling 964 articles. Of these, 17 articles were selected. Conclusion: Evidence that asthma interferes in nutritional status can not be proven in this study.Rev Port Pneumol 2010

Sintomas e fatores de risco para asma entre escolares piauienses

OpenAIRE

Castro, Gessianne Carvalho; Sousa, Lívia Kênia de Carvalho; Vera, Paula Valentina de Sousa; Lima, Luisa Helena de Oliveira; Oliveira, Edina Araújo Rodrigues; Lima, Rúbia Fernanda Santos; Magalhães, Luis Fernando Beserra; Araújo, Nileide Lima; Lopes, Marcos Venícios de Oliveira

2012-01-01

OBJETIVOS: Analisar a prevalência de sintomas de asma entre escolares de seis a sete anos do município de Picos-PI; e identificar fatores de risco associados à doença. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com crianças de 6 e 7 anos de Picos em novembro de 2010 a maio de 2011. Para coletar os dados, foi utilizado um formulário adaptado do Internacional Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Os dados foram analisados com base na estatística descritiva e analítica. RESULTADOS: Dentre as 23...

El papel del músculo liso bronquial y los nervios en la fisiopatología del asma bronquial

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María Victoria Picó Bergantiños

2001-02-01

Full Text Available Gran cantidad de evidencia se ha recopilado en los últimos años con relación a la naturaleza inflamatoria del asma bronquial, lo que ha traído como consecuencia la revisión obligada de aspectos importantes de su fisiopatología, y entre estos aspectos consideramos de sumo interés el papel que juega el músculo liso bronquial y los nervios en la génesis y desarrollo de esta enfermedad. La proteína quinasa C (PKC está involucrada en la contracción mantenida del músculo liso bronquial in vitro, y puede por tanto ser de particular importancia en pacientes con asma crónica. El incremento del engrosamiento del músculo liso de las vías aéreas es otra característica llamativa en algunos pacientes con asma, y puede tener lugar tanto en las partes proximales como distales de las vías aéreas. La tos y la "apretazón" en el pecho son síntomas comunes en el asma y probablemente estos síntomas están mediados por la activación de aferentes nerviosos. Finalmente se expresan las posibles interrogantes futuras que pudieran definir las investigaciones en el campo de la fisiopatología del asma en lo relacionado con el músculo liso bronquial y la inervación pulmonarThe great deal of evidence that has been collected for the last years in connection with the inflammatory nature of bronchial asthma have led us to make an obliged review of some important aspects of its physiopathology. Among these aspects, we consider it is very interesting the role played by the airway smooth muscle and nerves in the genesis and development of this disease. The protein kinase C (PKC is involved in the maintained contraction of the airway smooth muscle in vitro and it may be of particular significance in patients with chronic asthma. The thickening of the airway smooth muscle is another characteristic of some patients with asthma and it may occur in the proximal parts and in the distal parts of the airways. Cough and chest "squeeze" are common symptoms in asthma

Importância da história familiar na gravidade e evolução clínica da asma brônquica infantil

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Ângela Gaspar

2001-01-01

suportam que a transmissão genética materna/paterna se faz de um modo assimétrico, tal como tem sido proposto por outros autores.REV PORT PNEUMOL 2001; VII (1: ABSTRACT: Bronchial asthma is a multifactorial entity, due to the interaction of genetic and environmental complex factors. The presence of an inherited predisposition in bronchial asthma is long-time known, although mechanisms underlying the inheritance are poorly understood.Aim: The authors present two studies, with the purpose of evaluate the importance of family history of asthma as severity risk factor related to hospital admission and as prognostic factor related to the persistence of symptoms in childhood asthma.Methods: Study 1 - We studied 128 children admitted for asthma (mean age: 4.3 years, during a period of two years, correlating the obtained data with a control group (matched sample of asthmatic outpatients. Study 2 - We performed a 3 years prospective study, to correlate clinical outcome of 287 outpatients with childhood asthma, aged≤6 years. Results: Study 1 - Parental history of asthma was identified as significant risk factor for hospital admission (p=0.0004; OR=2.6, 95%CI=1.5-4.2. The risk associated with maternal asthma (p0.49.Conclusions: Parental asthma, mainly maternal asthma, was identified as an independent significant risk factor for the severity of childhood asthma. It was not identified as a prognostic risk factor related to the persistence of symptoms, stressing the influence of environmental factors in the clinical outcome. This results supports evidence for preferential inheritance of childhood asthma along maternal line, as proposed by other authors.REV PORT PNEUMOL 2001; VII (1: Palavras-chave: História familiar, Asma Brônquica, Criança, Internamento, Prognóstico, Factores de risco, Key-words: Family history, Bronchial asthma, Children, Admission, Prognosis, Risk factors

Comportamiento del asma bronquial en Cuba e importancia de la prevención de las enfermedades alérgicas en infantes Behavior of bronchial asthma in Cuba and importance of the prevention from allergic diseases in infants

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Anselmo Abdo Rodríguez

2006-02-01

Full Text Available El asma es una enfermedad frecuente que continúa siendo difícil de diagnosticar, sobre todo en la primera infancia; y además, es de difícil tratamiento, a pesar de los avances medicamentosos de los últimos años. Por tales razones, las organizaciones de salud pública y los organismos que se ocupan de ella a nivel mundial, cada día enfocan su atención, fundamentalmente, al capítulo de la prevención, particularmente, en el niño propenso a ser asmático. Se analizan las estadísticas relacionadas con el asma bronquial de los años 2001-2004 en Cuba, específicamente en lo referente a: prevalencia en pacientes dispensarizados por asma según grupos de edad y sexo; número de pacientes dispensarizados por asma según grupos de edad; tasa de prevalencia de pacientes dispensarizados por asma según provincias; así como las principales causas de egresos hospitalarios con diagnóstico de asma según estado al egreso. Se presentan recomendaciones prácticas para la prevención de enfermedades alérgicas en infantes con riesgo.Asthma is a frequent disease that is still difficult to diagnose, mainly in early childhood. It is also difficult to treat, in spite of the medical advances attained in the last years. For these reasons, the health public organizations and the bodies having to do with it at the world level focus their attention mainly on prevention, particularly in the child that is prone to be asthmatic. The statistics related to bronchial asthma from 2001 to 2004 in Cuba, specially what refers to the prevalence in patients suffering from asthma categorized by age and sex, the number of asthmatic patients categorized by age groups, the rate of prevalence of asthmatic patients categorized by province, as well as the main causes of hospital discharges with asthma diagnosis according to their state at discharge, are analyzed. Practical recommendations are given for the prevention of allergic diseases in infants at risk.

Estimativa do custo da asma em tratamento ambulatorial especializado em unidade universitária no Sistema Único de Saúde

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Eduardo Costa de Freitas Silva

2014-01-01

A asma é considerada um problema de saúde pública mundial. É necessário expandir o conhecimento sobre seus custos associados em diferentes regiões. O principal objetivo foi estimar os custos do tratamento da asma em uma população de asmáticos com diferentes níveis de gravidade, sob tratamento ambulatorial especializado. Os objetivos secundários foram analisar as características clínicas e sócio-econômicas da população e o custo incremental da associação com a rinite e infecções respiratórias ...

Asthma cases in childhood attributed to atopy in tropical area in Brazil Asma infantil atribuida a atopia en la zona tropical de Brasil

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Sergio Souza da Cunha

2010-12-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between asthma and atopy in a cohort of children living in a large urban center in Brazil. Atopy was defined by the presence of allergen-specific IgE in serum or by a positive skin prick test. METHODS: In a sample of 1 445 Brazilian children, the association between the prevalence of asthma, skin prick test positivity, and allergen-specific IgE in serum was investigated. RESULTS: The prevalence of asthma was 22.6%. The presence of serum allergen-specific IgE was frequent in asthmatics and nonasthmatics, and the prevalence of asthma increased only with levels of allergen-specific IgE > 3.5 kilounits/L. The proportion of asthma attributable to atopy was estimated to be 24.5% when atopy was defined by the presence of allergen-specific IgE. With a given level of specific IgE, no association between skin test reactivity and asthma was observed. Skin prick tests were less sensitive than specific IgE for detection of atopy. CONCLUSIONS: Most asthma cases in an urban underprivileged setting in Brazil were not attributable to atopy. This observation has important implications for understanding the risk factors for the asthma epidemic in Latin AmericaOBJETIVO: Explorar la relación entre el asma y la atopia en una cohorte de niños que viven en un gran centro urbano de Brasil. En este estudio, se considera atopia la detección de IgE sérica específica de algún alérgeno o un resultado positivo a la prueba de punción cutánea. MÉTODOS: Se estudió la relación entre la prevalencia del asma, el resultado positivo a la prueba de punción cutánea y la detección de IgE sérica específica de algún alérgeno en una muestra de 1 445 niños brasileños. RESULTADOS: El asma registró una prevalencia de 22,6%. La presencia de IgE séricas específicas de alérgenos fue frecuente tanto en los asmáticos como en los no asmáticos, y la prevalencia del asma fue mayor solo cuando el valor detectado de la Ig

Tratamiento del asma bronquial en niños según la medicina Bioenergética y Natural

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Sandra Haydée Hernández García

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el asma bronquial es «la inflamación crónica de la vía aérea en la que desempeñan un papel destacado algunas células y mediadores. Es la enfermedad crónica en niños más frecuente a nivel mundial. Los tratamientos ofrecidos por la medicina alopática, si bien ofrecen control de síntomas con buenos resultados, no son efectivos en la totalidad de los pacientes. Las diferentes técnicas de la medicina Bioenergética y Natural son alternativas valiosas para el tratamiento del asma, ya que ofrecen la posibilidad de erradicar los síntomas de forma definitiva. Objetivo: diseñar una base teórico-metodológica para el desarrollo de la medicina bioenergética y natural como elemento que contribuya a elevar la calidad de la atención médica pediátrica. Material y método: se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos bibliográficas computarizadas de estudios publicados en revistas indexadas como: Medline, Bireme, Lilacs, Índice Médico Español, Cochrane Library, Alternative Medicine Electronic Database, Acubase, BioMed Central. Se buscaron estudios, con los siguientes términos: asthma, acupuncture, therapy acupuncture gender, phisical therapy acupuncture, pediatric patients, pediatric asthma, children, homeopatic adolescent, acupressure. Resultados: se ofrecen opciones terapéuticas a la luz de la medicina Bioenergética y Natural aplicables a la edad pediátrica, útiles en el manejo del asma bronquial en niños en consultas ambulatorias u hospitalizados a la vez, teniendo en cuenta y aprovechando los conocimientos y los avances científicos de la alopatía. Conclusiones: esta revisión es una guía para los médicos que atienden niños, tanto en atención primaria como secundaria. La aplicación de estas terapias redundará en su salud, contribuirá además al tratamiento más efectivo del asma bronquial, es necesario elevar la calidad de las investigaciones es este campo para contribuir a la validación de la eficacia de

Avaliação do questionário de controle da asma validado para uso no Brasil Evaluation of the asthma control questionnaire validated for use in Brazil

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Mylene Leite

2008-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a versão em língua portuguesa do Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ, Questionário de Controle da Asma é um instrumento válido para medir o controle da asma em pacientes adultos ambulatoriais no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 278 pacientes ambulatoriais com diagnóstico de asma. Todos os pacientes, durante a primeira visita, responderam ao questionário, foram submetidos à espirometria e avaliados clinicamente por um médico para a caracterização do controle da doença. Foram analisadas as versões do questionário com 5, 6 e 7 questões, utilizando dois escores distintos (0,75 e 1,50 como pontos de corte. RESULTADOS: Dos 278 pacientes, 77 (27,7% tinham asma intermitente, 39 (14,0% asma persistente leve, 40 (14,4% asma persistente moderada e 122 (43,9% asma persistente grave. A sensibilidade do questionário para identificar asma não-controlada variou de 77% a 99% e a especificidade variou de 36% a 84%. O valor preditivo positivo variou de 73% a 90%, e o valor preditivo negativo variou de 67% a 95%. A razão de verossimilhança positiva variou de 1,55 a 4,81, e a razão de verossimilhança negativa variou de 0,03 a 0,27. Nas versões do ACQ com 5 e 6 questões, o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foi de 0,92, e estas versões foram responsivas a mudanças no quadro clínico dos pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: O ACQ, nas suas três versões, teve boa capacidade de discriminar indivíduos com asma não-controlada daqueles com asma controlada. As versões com 5 e 6 questões apresentaram também boa reprodutibilidade e responsividade. Trata-se, portanto, de um instrumento válido para avaliação do controle da asma em pacientes adultos ambulatoriais no Brasil.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the Portuguese version of the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ is a valid instrument to measure asthma control in adult outpatients in Brazil. METHODS: We selected 278 outpatients diagnosed with asthma. All of the patients completed

Lack of Clinical Relevance of ANA and ASMA Positivity in Patients with Liver Transplantation without a History of Autoimmune Diseases.

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Pellegrini, Lucienne; Parrilli, Gianpaolo; Santonicola, Antonella; Cinquanta, Luigi; Caputo, Cesare; Ciacci, Carolina; Zingone, Fabiana

2017-01-01

The relevance of isolated autoimmunity elevation in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) patients is unknown. Our aim was to analyse how serum autoantibodies change in time and to evaluate their clinical relevance in OLT patients. Patients were invited to provide samples to evaluate ANA, AMA, ASMA, and LKM at the time of enrolment ( T 0), after 6 months ( T 6), and after 12 months ( T 12). We included 114 patients in the study (76% males, median age 62.5 years), finding isolated elevation of at least one serum antibody in up to 80% of them. We described fluctuating positive autoantibodies in the one year of observation, with only 45.6% of patients positive for ANA and less than 2% positive for ASMA, at all three times. Isolated elevation of tissue antibodies was not related to gender, age, HCC at transplant, early rejection, cause of transplantation, immunotherapy taken, and age at the time of the study. We did not detect a higher prevalence of positive autoimmunity in patients with signs of liver injury. ANA and ASMA evaluation in patients with liver transplantation and no history of autoimmune disease has no clinical relevance, since it varies in time and is not related to any risk factors or liver injury. Routine autoimmunity evaluation should be avoided.

Asma alérgica, niveles de IgE total y exposición a los acaros del polvo casero en el municipio de Santiago de Tolú, Colombia

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Salomón Rodríguez Monterroza

2013-10-01

Full Text Available ResumenLa creciente prevalencia del asma a nivel mundial hace necesaria la investigación de factores que influyen sobre su etiologia y patogénesis. En Colombia la prevalencia de asma es tan alta como en los paises industrializados. Un estudio de historias dinicos en el municipio de Santiago de Tolú (Colombia, mostró un alto porcentaje de consulta por asma y rinitis alérgica en la población infantil. Con el objetivo de determinarla frecuencia de asma en la población general se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, partiendo de la información recolectada con un cuestionario diseñado y probado. Se encuestaron 316 personas, con representatividad de grupos etéreos y estratos socioeconómicos. El diagnóstico fue confirmado mediante espirometria y medición de los niveles de ige total en sangre. Como resultado se encontró que 8,9% de la población mostró sintomas clinicos y espiromet ría positiva paro  asma con niveles de ige total > 100 Ul/ml, siendo los niños entre 5 y 15 años los más afectados (71.5%. La encuesta permitió evaluar la sensibilidad a factores ambientales, siendo el polvo casero y el humo del cigarrillo los más asociados a la enfermedad. La presencia de ácaros en el polvo acumulado en colchones be confirmada, siendo Dennatophagoides pteronyssinusy Momia tropicalis las especies más frecuen-tes. (Duazary 2006; 1: 10- 17 

Controle ambiental e crises de asma em domicílios- estudo descritivo em residências de 5 unidades do Programa de Saúde da Família no Território 1 - Camaragibe PE

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Maria Ribeiro Costa, Roseane

2012-01-01

Realizou-se um estudo transversal, descritivo, exploratório, para avaliar o grau de controle ambiental e crises de asma encontrados em domicílios de crianças e adolescentes, assim como, o conhecimento de mães e agentes comunitários de saúde sobre asma, no município de Camaragibe, localizado na região metropolitana do Recife. Objetivos específicos: 1) Identificar os acessórios presentes no quarto/sala do domicílio que pode3m desencadear crises de asma. 2) Verificar a freqüênc...

Prevalência de asma em adolescentes na cidade de Fortaleza, CE Prevalence of asthma among adolescents in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil

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Maria de Fátima Gomes de Luna

2009-11-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de asma em adolescentes (13-14 anos na cidade de Fortaleza, CE. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal utilizando o questionário do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood e envolvendo 3.015 adolescentes de escolas públicas e privadas entre 2006 e 2007. RESULTADOS: As prevalências de "sibilos alguma vez na vida", "sibilos nos últimos doze meses" (asma ativa e "asma alguma vez na vida" (asma diagnosticada foram, respectivamente, 44,1%, 22,6% e 11,6%. As prevalências de "sibilos alguma vez na vida" (p = 0,001, "1-3 crises de sibilos nos últimos 12 meses" (p = 0,001; asma ativa (p = 0,002; "sono interrompido por sibilos menos que uma vez por semana" (p OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of asthma among adolescents (13-14 years of age in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 3,015 adolescents at public and private schools between 2006 and 2007. The participants completed the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalences of "wheezing ever", "wheezing within the last 12 months" (active asthma and "asthma ever" (physician-diagnosed asthma were 44.1%, 22.6% and 11.6%, respectively. The prevalences of "wheezing ever" (p = 0.001, "1-3 wheezing attacks within the last 12 months" (p = 0.001, active asthma (p = 0.002, "sleep disturbed due to wheezing less than one night per week" (p < 0.001 and "dry cough at night" (p < 0.001 were higher among girls. Private school students presented higher prevalences of "wheezing ever", active asthma, "1-3 wheezing attacks within the last 12 months", "4-12 wheezing attacks within the last 12 months" and physician-diagnosed asthma (p < 0.001 for all, as well as of "exercise-induced wheezing" (p = 0.032. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of asthma and asthma-related symptoms in students aged 13-14 years in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil, was high, predominantly among girls and private

A asma e os seus diagnósticos diferenciais Asthma and its differential diagnoses

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Alexandra Bento

2009-11-01

Full Text Available A aspergilose broncopulmonar alérgica (ABPA ocorre em doentes não imunocomprometidos e é uma patologia de hipersensibilidade induzida pelo Aspergillus5. Estima-se que esteja presente em cerca de 7-14% dos casos de asma crónica corticodependente e o no mesmo número de casos de fibrose quística. A maioria das ABPA são identificadas pela 30-50.ª décadas de vida, mas podem surgir na infância¹. O diagnóstico baseia-se na presença de uma combinação de critérios clínicos, biológicos e radiológicos5. A doença apresenta-se com largo espectro de gravidade, pode ser reconhecida precocemente e tratada agressivamente, impedindo a sua progressão para um estádio de doença grave e debilitante requerendo transplante pulmonar¹. Os autores relatam o caso de uma doente de 41 anos, com antecedentes de asma alérgica desde a infância. Uma asma grave, de difícil controlo e com recurso a corticoterapia sistémica por longos períodos.Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA occurs in immunocompetent patients and belongs to the Aspergillus5 induced hypersensitivity disorders. It is estimated that ABPA complicates approximately 7-14% of cases of chronic steroid-dependent asthma and the same amount of cases of cystic fibrosis. A diagnosis of ABPA is based on a combination of clinical, biological and radiology criteria5. There is a broad spectrum of disease severity. Early detection and aggressively management will impede progressive lung damage to a severe and debilitating disease requiring lung transplantation¹. The authors describe the case of a 41 year-old female with a history of allergic asthma from childhood¹. It was a severe, difficult to control asthma treated with systemic corticosteroids for long periods.

Tabagismo passivo e gravidade da asma brônquica na criança

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Elsa Pargana

2001-01-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: A importância da exposição tabágica ambiencial na patogénese da asma brônquica infantil tem sido documentada, podendo relacionar-se com a sua gravidade e limitação da função pulmonar.Objectivo: Avaliar a importância da exposição tabágica como factor de gravidade, relacionado com o internamento hospitalar, na asma brônquica infantil.Métodos: Foram caracterizados os hábitos tabágicos de 128 famílias de crianças, com uma idade média de 4.3 anos, internadas por exacerbação de asma, durante um período de dois anos, correlacionando os dados obtidos com os de uma amostra de crianças observadas na consulta, emparelhada poridade, sexo e meio sócio-económico-cultural.Resultados: Os hábitos tabágicos eram significativamente mais elevados nas famílias das crianças internadas, estando presentes em 80% destas comparativamente a 46% das famílias das crianças observadas na consulta (p<0.0001. As crianças sujeitas a exposição tabágica apresentavam um risco relativo de 4.6 (IC95%=2.6-8.0 para internamento hospitalar. O pai foi identificado como o principal responsável pelo tabagismo passivo em ambas as populações (p<0.0001; OR=3.0, IC95%=1.8-4.9. Na amostra de crianças internadas o número de mulheres fumadoras era significativamente superior (35% ao observado na população da consulta (23%: p=0.04; OR=1.8, IC95%=1.0-3.1.Conclusõo: A existência de tabagismo passivo parental, em particular materno, é um factor de risco significativo para a gravidade da asma brônquica infantil. A prevenção primária, com evicção da exposição tabágica na criança, deverá ser o objectivo a atingir.REV PORT PNEUMOL 2001; VII (1: ABSTRACT: There is an increasing evidence that passive smoking is involved in the etiology of childhood asthma and may be related to its severity and to pulmonary function limitation.Purpose: To evaluate if environmental tobacco smoke exposure could be a risk factor for childhood asthma admission

Los antihistamínicos H1 de primera generación en el tratamiento del asma bronquial ¿si o no?

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Alicia Zapata Martínez

1996-06-01

Full Text Available Se hace una revisión sobre el uso de los antihistáminicos H1 de primera generación en el tratamiento del asma bronquial. Se concluye que sólo deben tenerse en cuenta para el trata miento de pacientes asmáticos con rinitis alérgica crónica cuando no estén en un ataque agudo de asma.A review on the use of first generation antihistamics H1 in the treatment of bronchial asthma is carried out. It is concluded that they should only be taken into account for treating asthmatic patients with chronic allergic rhinitis when they are not under an acute asthma attack.

Pneumomediastino espontâneo: Asma

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Marcelo Cunha Fatureto

2008-05-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Pneumomediastino é definido como a presença de ar livre no mediastino, sendo que o espontâneo ocorre na ausência de enfermidades ou factores precipitantes. É raro em adultos, sendo mais frequente em recém-nascidos. Contudo, ocorre mais em adultos jovens, sendo 8:1 a relação entre homens e mulheres. Constitui achado raro na asma, representando 1% dos casos. Os sintomas mais frequentes são dor torácica e dispneia. O diagnóstico é feito com exames de imagem, como radiografia e tomografia computadorizada de tórax. O tratamento de escolha é conservador, não operatório, com prognóstico favorável na maioria dos casos. O nosso propósito é relatar um caso desta patologia em jovem atendido em nosso serviço com quadro de dor torácica e dispneia, sendo submetido a exames complementares e feito o diagnóstico de pneumomediastino espontâneo. O doente foi submetido a tratamento conservador com excelente evolução clínica. No momento encontrase assintomático, em acompanhamento ambulatorial.Rev Port Pneumol 2008; XIV (3: 437-441 Abstract: Pneumomediastinum is defined as the presence of free air in the mediastinum, and the spontaneous occurs in the absence of diseases or precipitating factors. It is rare in adults, and it is more frequent in new-borns. However, it occurs more in young adults, with an 8:1 relationship between men and women. It constitutes a rare finding in asthma, representing 1% of the cases. More frequent symptoms are chest pain and dyspnea. Diagnosis is made with image examinations, such as radiography and chest computed tomography. Treatment of choice is conservative, nonoperative, with a favourable prognosis in the majority of the cases. Our aim is to report a case of this pathology in a young adult seen in our service with chest pain and dyspnea. He underwent complementary examinations and the diagnosis was spontaneous pneumo-mediastinum. This patient

Prevalência de asma em escolares de Alta Floresta - município ao sudeste da Amazônia brasileira Prevalence of asthma in schoolchildren in a municipality in the southeast of the Brazilian Amazon

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Márcia Regina de Col de Farias

2010-03-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência e os sintomas relacionados à asma em escolares e adolescentes residentes em Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal de base populacional da prevalência de asma em escolares de 6 e 7 anos de idade e adolescentes de 13 e 14 anos do município de Alta Floresta, MT, no ano de 2007. Foi utilizado o método padronizado do Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood - ISAAC, fase I, considerando como asmáticos aqueles estudantes que responderam afirmativamente à questão 2 - "presença de sibilos nos últimos 12 meses". RESULTADOS: Participaram da pesquisa 2.071 estudantes, dos quais 1.072 eram escolares (51,7% e 999 adolescentes (48,3%. A prevalência de asma entre os escolares foi de 21,4%, enquanto entre os adolescentes foi 12,4% (χ2 = 29,29; ρ = 0,00. Os escolares apresentaram maior prevalência dos seguintes sintomas: sibilos alguma vez na vida (49,9%, sibilos nos últimos 12 meses (21,4%, de 1 a 3 crises de sibilos (16,4% e tosse seca noturna (38,2%. Para diagnóstico médico de asma não houve diferença entre os dois grupos, situando-se em torno de 6,0%. Os escolares do gênero masculino apresentaram maior prevalência de asma, asma diagnosticada por médico e freqüência de sibilos maior ou igual a 4 vezes nos últimos 12 meses (ρ OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence and symptoms of asthma in students of the Brazilian Amazon municipality of Alta Floresta-MT. METHODS: Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of asthma in 6 and 7 year-old children and 13 to 14 year-old adolescents, using the Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood - ISAAC method, phase I in 2007. Students who answered affirmatively question 2 - "presence of wheezing in the past 12 months" were considered asthmatic. RESULTS: Of the total 2,071 students, 1,072 (51.7% were children and 999 (48.3% were teenagers. The prevalence of asthma was 21.4% among schoolchildren, and 12.4% among adolescents (χ2 = 29.29; ρ = 0

Significados culturais da asma infantil Cultural meanings of the infantile asthma

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Mirna Albuquerque Frota

2008-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar os significados culturais da asma infantil com origem na mãe-cuidadora. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada em 2004, no município de Fortaleza, CE. Foi utilizada a observação participante com abordagem etnográfica e entrevistas com sete mães acompanhantes de seus filhos em unidade de emergência hospitalar. Os significados das falas das mães foram identificados utilizando-se a técnica de análise temática. ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas duas categorias de discussão; na primeira, "desinformação sobre a doença", foi possível perceber que as mães não são informadas sobre a doença do filho. Na segunda categoria, "cuidado cultural", as mães referem informações sobre os cuidados e utilizam recursos do saber popular para prevenir a asma dos filhos, como o cuidado ambiental e a utilização de remédios caseiros à base de plantas medicinais. CONCLUSÕES: As características de desinformação e desconhecimento materno em relação à asma do filho mostram a necessidade de haver um trabalho educativo intenso, dialógico e problematizador em estreita colaboração com o tratamento, visando à melhoria do prognóstico da doença.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cultural meanings of infantile asthma from the perspective of the mother/carer of the child. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES: Qualitative research conducted in 2004, in the city of Fortaleza (Northeastern Brazil. An ethnographic approach was utilized, consisting of participant observation and interviews with seven mothers, accompanying their children in a hospital emergency ward. Thematic analysis was the technique employed when identifying the meanings of mothers' discourse. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS: Two discussion categories were identified: "disinformation on illness" in which it was possible to perceive that the mothers were not informed with respect to their children's illness; and "cultural care" in which they relate information on

Trends in asthma mortality in the 0- to 4-year and 5- to 34-year age groups in Brazil.

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Graudenz, Gustavo Silveira; Carneiro, Dominique Piacenti; Vieira, Rodolfo de Paula

2017-01-01

To provide an update on trends in asthma mortality in Brazil for two age groups: 0-4 years and 5-34 years. Data on mortality from asthma, as defined in the International Classification of Diseases, were obtained for the 1980-2014 period from the Mortality Database maintained by the Information Technology Department of the Brazilian Unified Health Care System. To analyze time trends in standardized asthma mortality rates, we conducted an ecological time-series study, using regression models for the 0- to 4-year and 5- to 34-year age groups. There was a linear trend toward a decrease in asthma mortality in both age groups, whereas there was a third-order polynomial fit in the general population. Although asthma mortality showed a consistent, linear decrease in individuals ≤ 34 years of age, the rate of decline was greater in the 0- to 4-year age group. The 5- to 34-year group also showed a linear decline in mortality, and the rate of that decline increased after the year 2004, when treatment with inhaled corticosteroids became more widely available. The linear decrease in asthma mortality found in both age groups contrasts with the nonlinear trend observed in the general population of Brazil. The introduction of inhaled corticosteroid use through public policies to control asthma coincided with a significant decrease in asthma mortality rates in both subsets of individuals over 5 years of age. The causes of this decline in asthma-related mortality in younger age groups continue to constitute a matter of debate. Apresentar uma atualização das tendências da mortalidade da asma no Brasil em duas faixas etárias: 0-4 anos e 5-34 anos. Dados relativos ao período de 1980 a 2014 referentes à mortalidade da asma, conforme se definiu na Classificação Internacional de Doenças, foram extraídos Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade do Departamento de Tecnologia da Informação do Sistema Único de Saúde. Para analisar as tendências temporais das taxas

Caracterización del asma bronquial en un área de salud

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María Eulalia Prieto Herrera

2000-08-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal para caracterizar el asma bronquial en 2 grupos básicos de trabajo del Policlínico Comunitario Este, del municipio Camagüey durante el año 1996. El universo estuvo constituido por 260 pacientes dispensarizados como asmáticos, y mediante diseño muestral se tomaron 99 pacientes de 6 consultorios. La encuesta recogió variables como: grado de severidad, antecedentes familiares y personales de enfermedad atópica, momento en que aparecen las crisis y factores ambientales. El 54,5 % de los asmáticos eran ligeros; 68,6 % de los pacientes reconoció padecer de enfermedades atópicas. Existió un alto porcentaje de factores ambientales (95,9 % de polvo, 78,7 % de animales domésticos, 74,7 % de humedad. Se concluyó que la mayoría de los pacientes tenían familiares con enfermedades atópicas, más de la mitad de los pacientes presentaban crisis de asma bronquial con los cambios de temperatura. El polvo hogareño fue el factor ambiental más importante en la investigaciónA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to characterize bronchial asthma in 2 basic working groups of the Eastern Community Polyclinic, in the municipality of Camagüey, during 1996. 260 patients classified as asthmatic participated in the study. 99 patients were selected from 6 physician's offices as a sample.Variables such as severity degree, family and personal history of atopic disease, moment in which the crisis appears and environmental factors were collected in the survey. 54.5% of the asthmatic patients were mild, whereas 68.6% recognized having atopic diseases. There was a high percentage of environmental factors (95.9% of dust, 78.7% of pets, 74.7% of humidity. It was concluded that most of the patients had relatives with atopic diseases and that more than 50% of the patients had crises of bronchial asthma caused by the temperature changes. Home dust was the most important environmental factor found in the

Polimorfismo genético relacionado con la probabilidad de desarrollar asma ocupacional en trabajadores expuestos a isocianatos

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Gaetano Pepe Betancourt

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción: El desarrollo tecnológico ha traído como consecuencia el uso de sustancias químicas potencialmente perjudiciales para la salud de los trabajadores. Particularmente el uso de isocianatos ha resultado en una mayor morbilidad de patología respiratoria, especialmente el asma. Considerando que no todos los trabajadores expuestos desarrollan la enfermedad se ha propuesto un modelo de interacción gen-medioambiental, el cual trata de explicar la predisposición genética que tienen algunos individuos a desarrollar asma ocupacional y otros no. Objetivo: Conocer la evidencia científica relacionada con el polimorfismo genético y la susceptibilidad que tienen los trabajadores expuestos a isocianatos a desarrollar asma ocupacional. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática mediante una búsqueda bibliográfica utilizando las bases de datos PubMedline, así como en los repositorios Dialnet y ELSEVIER. Se extrajeron los artículos relacionados al objetivo de esta revisión, no se aplicaron filtros de temporalidad, utilizándose los siguientes descriptores: MeSH Major Topic, MeSH Terms. El periodo de búsqueda fue desde el 20 de noviembre de 2013 y finalizó el 15 de diciembre de 2013. El nivel de evidencia se estableció de acuerdo a los criterios GRADE. Resultados: Se analizaron a texto completo 42 artículos, la evidencia científica se sustentó en 11 estudios de casos-controles. Dada la complejidad del polimorfismo genético asociado con la expresión fenotípica de la enfermedad, como limitación de los estudios, los autores coinciden que el tamaño muestral no es suficientemente grande, sin embargo después de ajustar los factores de confusión los artículos encontrados tuvieron un nivel de evidencia B de GRADE. Conclusión: La genética tiene una influencia significativa en el asma ocupacional inducida por isocianatos. El peso de la susceptibilidad genética y de la interacción gen-medioambiente aún no se han

Asma e gravidez – eficácia e segurança da medicação durante a gravidez

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Maria da Graça Freitas

2004-09-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: A asma é um dos problemas médicos que mais frequentemente complica a gravidez, com uma prevalência que se estima entre 4 a 7 %. O curso da asma durante a gravidez é variável, verificando-se um agravamento dos sintomas em cerca de um terço das grávidas. O período mais crítico situa-se entre a 24.ª e a 36.ª semanas. Após o parto, a tendência é para a remissão dos sintomas nos três meses seguintes, sendo de esperar nas sucessivas gravidezes um padrão de comportamento idêntico. O controlo da asma durante a gravidez baseia-se na educação da grávida e na prescrição de uma medicação segura, preferencialmente por via inalatória, que previna o aparecimento das crises. Na asma crónica, os fármacos actualmente existentes — corticóides inalados — previnem de forma eficaz o aparecimento das crises de asma, sem riscos para o feto (beclometasona e budesonido. Aos corticóides inalados existe uma sucessão de fármacos a associar — broncodilatadores agonistas beta de acção curta ou retardada — de acordo com o grau de obstrução brônquica existente e frequência das crises. No tratamento farmacológico da asma aguda, as recomendações terapêuticas não devem ser subestimadas, pois numa asma não controlada aumenta o risco de aparecimento de complicações (aumento da incidência de baixo peso e prematuros em número superior ao eventual risco de uma medicação.REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (5: 405-419 ABSTRACT: Bronchial asthma is one of the most common medical problems in pregnancy, with prevalance around 4-7 %. Asthma clinical course is variable, with worsening of symptoms in one third of the cases. The most critical period occurs between the 24th and 36th week of gestation. Symptoms usually regress completely after delivery during the following three months and they are expected to recur, with the same

Caracterización epidemiológica de la descompensación aguda del asma bronquial

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Yanin Arteaga Prado

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el asma bronquial tiene una compleja fisiopatología que involucra la presencia en el paciente de factores genéticos de atopia, mecanismos inmunológicos disfuncionales. Objetivo: caracterizar la asociación de diversos aspectos epidemiológicos con la aparición de descompensaciones agudas del asma bronquial. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal a 118 pacientes del área de dos consultorios médicos del Policlínico Universitario "Hermanos Cruz" de la Ciudad de Pinar del Río durante el primer trimestre del 2012. Se comparó el grupo de pacientes que presentaron descompensaciones de la enfermedad con el grupo de pacientes que no se descompensó. Se aplicó un cuestionario para explorar las variables de interés. Para verificar la asociación entre variables se utilizó el estadígrafo ji cuadrado para un valor de significación estadística á=0.05. Resultados: las descompensaciones agudas fueron casi dos veces más frecuentes en el sexo femenino. De manera muy significativa (Z=3,26 p<0,01 una tercera parte de los asmáticos de su enfermedad; las amas de casa y los estudiantes fueron los más afectados. Solo el 38,1 % de los asmáticos tuvo un adecuado seguimiento por un especialista (clínico, pediatra, alergólogo o inmunólogo y de estos solo el 11,1 % presentaron descompensaciones agudas, en tanto se descompensó un 39,7 % de los que no tienen seguimiento especializado. Conclusiones: la degradación de las condiciones de la vivienda favoreció la aparición de descompensaciones agudas del asma. En tres cuartas partes de las casas había animales domésticos, existiendo una fuerte asociación entre esta condición y la aparición de descompensaciones agudas del paciente asmático.

Concepciones de la medicina oriental sobre el asma bronquial Concepts of the eastern medicine on the bronchial asthma

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Ileana Cutiño Clavel

Full Text Available Con el objetivo analizar los principios sobre los cuales se sustenta la medicina oriental para verificar la presencia del asma, se revisaron documentos específicos sobre la materia, donde se incluía la valoración acerca de si las alteraciones energéticas referidas fundamentan la existencia de manifestaciones respiratorias del asma bronquial, según las concepciones de la medicina occidental. Se encontraron puntos de contacto entre los criterios orientales y occidentales en cada una de las desarmonías energéticas.With the objective of analyzing the principles on which the eastern medicine is sustained to verify the presence of asthma, specific documents on the subject were reviewed, where the evaluation about whether the referred energy alterations support the existence of breathing manifestations of the bronchial asthma was included, according to the concepts of the western medicine. Contact points among the eastern and western approaches in each of the energetic disharmonies were found.

Mortalidade relacionada à asma no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, no período de 2000-2009: análise de causas múltiplas Mortalidad relacionada con el asma en el Municipio de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, durante el período de 2000-2009: análisis de causas múltiples Asthma-related mortality in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2000-2009: a multicausal analysis

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Gulnar Azevedo e Silva

2013-04-01

Full Text Available O estudo das causas múltiplas de óbitos permite conhecer a extensão real das estatísticas de mortalidade. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a tendência das taxas de mortalidade relacionada à asma, no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, no período de 2000-2009, com dados obtidos no Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade (SIM, de indivíduos com um ano ou mais de idade, em que a asma foi mencionada em qualquer linha ou parte do atestado médico da declaração de óbito. Para análise de dados foi utilizada a técnica de regressão linear. A série histórica mostrou tendência ao declínio nas taxas de mortalidade padronizadas relacionada à asma como causa básica e múltipla, com redução entre os homens e estabilidade entre as mulheres. Quando a asma foi a causa básica, as causas associadas mais frequentes foram doenças do aparelho respiratório. A mortalidade relacionada à asma foi subestimada quando considerada apenas como causa básica, o que poderia ser evitado com a utilização da metodologia de causas múltiplas nas estatísticas de mortalidade por asma.El estudio de las causas múltiples de óbitos permite conocer la extensión real de las estadísticas de mortalidad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la tendencia de las tasas de mortalidad, relacionada con el asma, en el municipio de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, en el período de 2000-2009, con los datos obtenidos en el Sistema de Información de Mortalidad (SIM, de individuos con un año o más de edad, en quienes el asma fue mencionada en cualquier línea o parte del certificado médico de defunción. Para el análisis de datos fue utilizada la técnica de regresión lineal. La serie histórica mostró una tendencia al declive en las tasas de mortalidad estandarizadas, relacionada con el asma como causa básica y múltiple, con reducción entre los hombres y estabilidad entre las mujeres. Cuando el asma fue la causa básica, las razones asociadas m

Características sistémicas y orales de la nefrolitiasis bilateral y asma en niños - Reporte de caso

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Carmen de la Luz Ayala Escandón

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción. La nefrolitiasis es una enfermedad caracterizada por la formación de cálculos en el riñón, de gran incidencia y alta recurrencia, considerada rara en niños. Cuando no se trata evoluciona con altos índices de complicaciones. El asma es una enfermedad crónica inflamatoria de las vías respiratorias y ocasiona una importante morbilidad y mortalidad. Metodología: Se informa del caso de una niña de 4 años diagnosticada con nefrolitiasis bilateral y asma, referida para atención odontológica. Se incluye: Revisión bibliográfica de las patologías base, metodología clínica utilizada en el estado de salud general y oral, pre y post tratamiento dental. Conclusiones: En concordancia con lo descrito por diversos autores, los niños con nefrolitiasis bilateral y asma tienen un mayor índice de caries, higiene oral deficiente, una alta susceptibilidad a otras infecciones como candidiasis y a menudo exhiben defectos del esmalte, mucosas cianóticas, malposición dental y xerostomía. La prevención primaria es decisiva, una higiene dental apropiada, revisiones odontológicas habituales, así como el uso de broncodilatadores constituyen elementos significativos sobre todo en pacientes de alto riego.

Asma de difícil control en niños y adolescentes: Estrategias diagnóstico-terapéuticas

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Hugo Neffen

2012-10-01

Full Text Available El asma es una de las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes en los niños. Si bien la mayoría de los niños con asma responden a bajas dosis de corticoides inhalados y/o antagonistas del receptor de leucotrienos, algunos de ellos permanecen sintomáticos independientemente de cualquier esfuerzo terapéutico, presentando una elevada morbilidad e inclusive mortalidad. Aunque la mayoría de los pacientes controlan los síntomas de forma adecuada, existe un grupo importante que presenta síntomas graves de la enfermedad difíciles de controlar (ADC. El objetivo de la presente revisión es discutir los aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos del ACD en los menores de 18 años y su implicancia en la práctica clínica diaria.

Prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in children and adolescents with asthma Prevalência de defeitos do desenvolvimento do esmalte dentário em crianças e adolescentes com asma

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Rodrigho Pelisson Guergolette

2009-04-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel (DDEs in relation to asthma severity, symptom onset and pharmacological treatment in pediatric asthma patients. METHODS: Children and adolescents (68 asthma patients and 68 controls, 5-15 years of age and residents of the city of Londrina, Brazil, were enrolled in the study. Medical and dental histories were collected through the use of a structured questionnaire. Each participant underwent a dental examination in which the examiner employed the DDE index. RESULTS: Of the 68 asthma group subjects, 61 (89.7% presented dental enamel defects, compared with only 26 (38.2% of those in the control group. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we estimated the risk of DDEs in permanent dentition to be 11 times higher in pediatric subjects with asthma than in those without (OR = 11.88, p = 0.0001. The occurrence of dental enamel defects correlated with greater asthma severity (p = 0.0001 and earlier symptom onset (p = 0.0001. However, dental enamel defects did not correlate with the initiation of treatment (p = 0.08 or the frequency of medication use (p = 0.93. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients with severe, early-onset asthma are at increased risk of dental enamel defects and therefore require priority dental care.OBJETIVO: Avaliou-se a prevalência de developmental defects of enamel (DDEs, defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte dentário em pacientes pediátricos com asma e sua relação com a severidade da asma, o início dos sintomas e o tratamento medicamentoso. MÉTODOS: Os participantes do estudo eram residentes do município de Londrina (PR, com 5 a 15 anos, sendo 68 asmáticos e 68 controles. Foram levantados dados retrospectivos da história médica e de saúde bucal da população do estudo através de um questionário estruturado. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a um exame dental. Para a avaliação dos defeitos de desenvolvimento do

Asma e ascaridíase em crianças de 2 a 10 anos de um bairro de periferia Asthma and ascariasis in children aged two to ten living in a low income suburb

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Maria Teresa Nascimento Silva

2003-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar a associação entre asma e ascaridíase em crianças do bairro Pedregal, da cidade de Campina Grande (Paraíba, onde são baixos os indicadores de desenvolvimento humano. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: foi aplicado o questionário padrão do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC, em 1.095 crianças, mas apenas 742 o responderam e entregaram a amostra fecal para realização do exame parasitológico. A faixa etária das 742 crianças incluídas no estudo transversal foi de 2 a 10 anos de idade. A associação entre asma e ascaridíase foi estudada pelo índice Kappa. As análises das variáveis demográficas e clínicas, comparando os dois grupos, foram realizadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado (chi² ou o teste t de Student para os dados quantitativos (contínuos. RESULTADOS: nas 742 crianças, as proporções dos sexos foram semelhantes: 51,9% (n = 385 do masculino e 48,1% (n = 357 do feminino. Nessas crianças, a prevalência de asma foi de 59,7% (n = 443 e da ascaridíase de 56,3% (n = 418, sendo semelhante (chi² = 0,27; p > 0,60 a freqüência de asma no grupo portador de ascaridíase (60,5% ou sem essa helmintíase (58,6%. CONCLUSÃO: apesar da elevada freqüência dos agravos estudados, não há aparente associação entre asma e ascaridíase na população estudada.OBJECTIVE: to assess the relation between children with asthma and ascariasis in the low income neighborhood of Pedregal, in Campina Grande (Paraíba, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHOD: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISSAC standard questionnaire was distributed to 1,095 children but only 742 of them answered it and provided stool samples for parasite examination. The cross-sectional study included those 742 children, whose age ranged from 2 to 10 years. The association between asthma and ascariasis was studied through Kappa rating. Demographic and clinic variants comparing the two groups were analyzed by chi-square test

Asma de exercício : foco na fisiopatolgia e fatores de risco

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Vieira, Inês Sofia Henriques

2015-01-01

Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em Medicina área científica de Imunologia Clínica, apresentado á Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra Hiperreatividade das vias aéreas ao exercício refere-se a um estreitamento transitório das vias aéreas após o exercício. Pode surgir em indivíduos asmáticos (asma induzida pelo exercício) ou isoladamente (broncoconstrição induzida pelo exercício). A prevalência desta patologia depende das características da população estudada, tendo...

Asma e síndrome de Churg-Strauss Asthma and Churg-Strauss syndrome

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Soloni Afra Pires Levy

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Relata-se o caso de uma mulher de 25 anos com síndrome de Churg-Strauss, cujos sintomas surgiram aos dezesseis anos, logo após o início do uso de contraceptivo oral. O quadro clínico evoluiu rapidamente com asma persistente grave, polipose nasal, rinite perene obstrutiva, eosinofilia periférica e tecidual, e mononeurite. A síndrome de Churg-Strauss é uma doença que exige suspeita precoce, diagnóstico preciso, tratamento agressivo e monitoramento periódico, devendo ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de asma persistente moderada e grave. O caso relatado chama a atenção para possível participação hormonal e surgimento em idade precoce.We report the case of a 25-year-old woman with Churg-Strauss syndrome, the symptoms of which had first appeared soon after she began taking oral contraceptive at the age of sixteen. The clinical profile evolved rapidly to severe persistent asthma, nasal polyposis, perennial obstructive rhinitis, eosinophilia (peripheral/tissue and mononeuritis. Churg-Strauss syndrome is the type of disease that demands early detection, accurate diagnosis, aggressive treatment and periodic monitoring. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of moderate and severe persistent asthma. The case reported calls attention to possibility that there is a hormonal component and that the disease can present early onset.

Validação do Teste de Controle da Asma em português para uso no Brasil: validation for use in Brazil Portuguese-language version of the Asthma Control Test

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Jaqueline Petroni Faria Roxo

2010-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Desenvolver e validar uma versão do Asthma Control Test (ACT, Teste de Controle da Asma em português para uso no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 290 pacientes ambulatoriais com asma maiores que 12 anos. Os pacientes responderam ao ACT e foram examinados por um pneumologista para avaliar o controle da asma em duas visitas. Na primeira visita, também realizaram prova de função pulmonar. A segunda visita foi realizada ao menos quatro semanas depois da primeira. RESULTADOS: Utilizando-se como ponto de corte um escore de 18 para diferenciar asma controlada de asma não controlada, foram encontradas sensibilidade de 93%, especificidade de 74%, valor preditivo negativo de 86% e valor preditivo positivo de 85%. As razões de verossimilhança positiva e negativa foram, respectivamente, 3,58 e 0,09. O questionário tem grande capacidade de discriminar asma controlada de asma não controlada, com uma área sob a curva ROC de 0,904. Os pacientes que mantiveram os sintomas estáveis na segunda avaliação tiveram pontuação semelhante no questionário, indicando uma boa reprodutibilidade teste-reteste, com um coeficiente de correlação intraclasse de 0,93. Os pacientes que melhoraram os sintomas na segunda avaliação tiveram pontuação do questionário significativamente melhor, indicando uma boa responsividade do questionário para identificar mudanças no controle da doença. CONCLUSÕES: A versão em português do ACT apresentou boa reprodutibilidade teste-reteste e foi capaz de discriminar o nível de controle da asma, assim como detectar mudanças no controle da asma em uma população de baixa escolaridade e renda familiar em um serviço público de saúde no Brasil.OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a Portuguese-language version of the Asthma Control Test (ACT for use in Brazil. METHODS: The study comprised 290 asthma outpatients over 12 years of age. The patients completed the ACT questionnaire and had an appointment with a

Consensus formation on coevolving networks: groups' formation and structure

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Kozma, Balazs; Barrat, Alain

2008-01-01

We study the effect of adaptivity on a social model of opinion dynamics and consensus formation. We analyse how the adaptivity of the network of contacts between agents to the underlying social dynamics affects the size and topological properties of groups and the convergence time to the stable final state. We find that, while on static networks these properties are determined by percolation phenomena, on adaptive networks the rewiring process leads to different behaviors: adaptive rewiring fosters group formation by enhancing communication between agents of similar opinion, though it also makes possible the division of clusters. We show how the convergence time is determined by the characteristic time of link rearrangement. We finally investigate how the adaptivity yields nontrivial correlations between the internal topology and the size of the groups of agreeing agents

Efectividad de la acupuntura en la crisis aguda de asma bronquial

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María Teresa Paz Rodríguez

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el asma bronquial es una enfermedad respiratoria con significativa prevalencia y una de las principales causas de ingreso hospitalario y la acupuntura una forma terapéutica de la Medicina Tradicional y Natural con múltiples indicaciones, dentro de ellas esta afección. Objetivo: determinar la evolución de los pacientes asmáticos persistentes moderados de ambos sexos antes y después del tratamiento con acupuntura en el servicio de urgencia en el Hospital General Docente Abel Santamaría Cuadrado de Pinar del Río. Material y método: se realizó un estudio de intervención, prospectivo, longitudinal, utilizando la acupuntura como modalidad terapéutica de la Medicina Tradicional China en pacientes que acudieron al cuerpo de guardia de Medicina Interna del Hospital General Docente "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" de Pinar del Rio, en el período comprendido entre octubre-diciembre del 2013. El universo lo integraron todos los pacientes que acudieron a la consulta con crisis aguda de asma bronquial (223 y la muestra, 83 pacientes clasificados como asmáticos persistentes moderados utilizándose acupuntura en los puntos pulmón 7, vaso concepción 17 y vejiga 13 al grupo de estudio (41 pacientes y 42 con tratamiento convencional. Resultados: al tratar estos pacientes se ha evidenciado que el 78,4% de ellos mejoró por la aplicación de este método milenario. Ninguno presentó complicaciones y sólo 11 pacientes no mejoraron. Conclusiones: los pacientes respondieron de igual forma al tratamiento sin distinción de edad y sexo, demostrando este método ser eficiente, de fácil aplicación con aparición de menos reacciones adversas y además, económico.

Budesonida inalatória em crianças com asma aguda Nebulized budesonide to treat acute asthma in children

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Geórgia K. M. Milani

2004-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia de budesonida na forma de suspensão, em dose única para inalação, como tratamento adjunto ao b2 inalatório, comparada com dose única de prednisona por via oral, em pacientes com crise aguda de asma. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo, randômico, paralelo, duplo-cego, duplo-placebo. Foram selecionadas 49 crianças, com idade entre 2 e 7 anos, em crise aguda de asma, que, após inalação com salbutamol (0,15 mg/kg, foram divididas em três grupos. O grupo I foi tratado com placebo via oral e inalatório; o grupo II, com prednisona via oral (1 mg/kg e placebo inalatório; e o grupo III, budesonida inalatória (2 mg e placebo via oral. As avaliações foram realizadas pela aplicação de um escore clínico e medida da saturação transcutânea da hemoglobina, seqüencialmente até 72 horas. Caso o escore clínico fosse igual ou superior ao da avaliação inicial, e a saturação inferior à primeira avaliação, a inalação com b2 adrenérgico era repetida. RESULTADOS: A melhora do escore clínico foi progressiva a partir de 30 minutos, e não houve diferença significativa nos três grupos estudados. Ocorreu aumento significativo da saturação da hemoglobina em relação ao valor inicial, com 2 horas no grupo prednisona, 4 horas no grupo budesonida e 24 horas no grupo placebo. CONCLUSÃO: O número de inalações com broncodilatador foi semelhante nos três grupos, com uma média de 2,9 no grupo placebo; 2,7 no grupo prednisona; e 2,5 no grupo budesonida. Em geral, as drogas estudadas foram bem toleradas, com efeitos colaterais semelhantes ao placebo. A administração de dose única de budesonida inalatória associada ao salbutamol, na crise moderada de asma, promoveu melhora clínica comparável à da prednisona oral. A recuperação da saturação transcutânea da hemoglobina foi mais rápida com prednisona.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of a single dose of inhaled budesonide as compared to oral

A hospitalização por asma e a carência de acompanhamento ambulatorial Asthma-related hospitalizations and lack of outpatient follow-up treatment

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Emanuel Sarinho

2007-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar se as crianças e os adolescentes internados por crise aguda de asma em duas unidades de saúde da cidade do Recife faziam acompanhamento ambulatorial preventivo para controle da asma. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de uma série de casos de pacientes internados por asma aos quais foi aplicado um questionário no momento da internação para verificar a freqüência de acompanhamento ambulatorial para tratamento profilático. Foi considerado asmático aquele paciente que apresentou duas ou mais crises de broncoespasmo com boa resposta aos broncodilatadores. RESULTADOS: Do total de 169 pacientes internados por asma, 67% (112/167 - dados referentes a 2 pacientes não foram fornecidos foram atendidos exclusivamente em serviços de urgência no período intercrise. Apesar de haver encaminhamento médico para atendimento ambulatorial em 53,3% (89/167 - dados referentes a 2 pacientes não foram fornecidos dos casos, apenas 16% (27/169 dos pacientes efetivamente freqüentavam um ambulatório específico de asma para tratamento preventivo e somente 13% (22/169 usavam medicação profilática. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria das crianças e dos adolescentes internados por asma não fazia acompanhamento ambulatorial preventivo. Uma série de problemas, tais como a não referência para acompanhamento ambulatorial após a alta hospitalar, a dificuldade de acesso ao ambulatório e a impossibilidade de se obter a medicação profilática gratuitamente, entre outros fatores relacionados ao sistema de saúde, podem ter contribuído para esta baixa taxa de procura por atendimento ambulatorial. Recomenda-se a implementação de uma política de saúde que possibilite o efetivo funcionamento do programa de controle da asma.OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the children and adolescents with acute asthma attacks admitted to two public hospitals in the city of Recife, Brazil underwent outpatient follow-up treatment for the prevention and control of asthma

Obesidade e asma: associação ou coincidência? Obesity and asthma: association or coincidence?

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Daniella Fernandes Camilo

2010-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: A asma e a obesidade estão entre as maiores causas de morbidade na infância e adolescência. A obesidade precoce aumenta as chances de doenças crônicas degenerativas no adulto. Embora a concomitância de ambas as situações clínicas vem sendo demonstrada em vários estudos, os mecanismos intrínsecos dessa associação ainda são pouco conhecidos. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo foi revisar os principais trabalhos sobre a associação de obesidade e asma e verificar se existe relação de causa e efeito entre ambas. FONTES DOS DADOS: Revisão sistemática baseada em bases de dados indexadas MEDLINE (PubMed e SciELO. Foram revisados artigos originais (transversal, caso-controle e prospectivo e meta-análises publicados no período de janeiro de 1998 a janeiro de 2008. Foram pesquisados estudos divulgados em língua inglesa, espanhola e portuguesa. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Embora existam muitos estudos sobre as crescentes prevalências da asma e da obesidade, poucos estabelecem relações de causa e efeito entre ambas. Os mecanismos fisiopatológicos e os fatores envolvidos nesse processo ainda são pouco conhecidos. CONCLUSÃO: O rigor metodológico em estudos futuros deverá buscar respostas para melhor entender se existe associação entre asma e obesidade, ou se a relação entre ambas as doenças é coincidência.OBJECTIVE: Asthma and obesity are among the major causes of morbidity in childhood and adolescence. Early obesity increases the chances of chronic degenerative diseases in adults. Although the concomitance or both clinical situations are being demonstrated in various studies, the intrinsic mechanisms of this association are still very little known. Therefore, the objective of this article was to review the main studies on the association of obesity and asthma and check if there is a cause-effect relation between them. SOURCES: Systematic review based on indexed data bases MEDLINE (PubMed and SciELO. Original articles

Diagnóstico de asma alérgica en consultas de alergología y neumología Diagnosis of allergic asthma in allergy and pneumology outpatient clinics

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Luis Borderías

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia del diagnóstico de asma alérgica en pacientes con asma persistente que acuden a consultas de alergología y neumología y describir el tratamiento clínico de estos pacientes. Métodos: Se incluyó aleatoria y retrospectivamente a 382 pacientes (12-65 años de edad con diagnóstico de asma persistente (criterios GINA que acudieron a las consultas de neumología y alergología. Se definió asma alérgica como la presencia de sensibilización a alérgenos comunes en pruebas cutáneas y/o determinaciones de inmunoglobulina (Ig E específica. Se recogió también información sobre el tratamiento recibido para el asma. Resultados: Se realizaron estudios alergológicos en el 99,5 y el 76,5% de los pacientes que acudieron a las consultas de alergología y neumología, respectivamente. Se estableció el diagnóstico de asma alérgica en el 90,6 (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 86,5-94,7 y el 46,1% (IC del 95%, 39,0-53,2 de los éstos, respectivamente. La prevalencia de diagnóstico de asma alérgica fue mayor entre los pacientes más jóvenes, los varones y los menos graves. El 14,1% de los pacientes de alergología y el 23,0% de neumología presentaban asma persistente grave. Un 24,0% de los pacientes de alergología y un 5,7% de los de neumología se trataban exclusivamente con broncodilatadores. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico de asma alérgica fue muy superior en las consultas de alergología que en las consultas de neumología. Parte de las diferencias pueden ser debidas a una mayor realización de estudios alérgicos en las consultas de alergología, aunque la mayor diferencia probablemente sea debida a los diferentes perfiles de los pacientes que llegan a cada una de estas consultas especializadas.Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of diagnosis of allergic asthma in patients with persistent asthma attending allergy or pneumology outpatient clinics and to describe the clinical management of asthma in

Produtos naturais utilizados para tratamento de asma em crianças residentes na cidade de Salvador-BA, Brasil

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Ryan dos S. Costa

Full Text Available O conhecimento popular é o passo inicial para a investigação científica de atividades terapêuticas de remédios caseiros. Diversas patologias podem ser tratadas ou amenizadas através de preparações de origem natural e muitos fármacos disponíveis são oriundos de fontes naturais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o uso de remédios caseiros derivados de plantas para tratamento de asma em crianças residentes no município de Salvador. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de estudo realizado em Salvador sobre fatores de risco, uso de medicações e vias imunológicas relacionadas à asma em crianças. Foram calculadas as freqüências de uso de preparações caseiras para tratamento de asma por esta população e realizado uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os efeitos das plantas mais usadas. Dentre as espécies mais citadas, destacam-se o Allium sativum (alho que teve a maior freqüência de utilização na preparação dos remédios caseiros (25%, seguido da Allium cepa (cebola, 19,74%. Após a revisão crítica de literatura, constatou-se que a maioria das espécies é utilizada com base em relatos fundamentados no saber popular, sendo assim carente de evidências científicas para as atividades farmacoterapêuticas esperadas. Neste sentido, há necessidade de mais estudos farmacológicos para comprovação das atividades terapêuticas peculiares a cada produto de origem natural bem como para avaliar possíveis efeitos tóxicos destes produtos.

Asma induzida pelo exercício: aspectos atuais e recomendações

OpenAIRE

Laitano,Orlando; Meyer,Flávia

2007-01-01

OBJETIVO: Descrever os mecanismos da asma induzida pelo exercício (AIE), bem como os efeitos de diferentes tipos de treinamento físico na função pulmonar e nas capacidades aeróbia e anaeróbia. Destaca-se a importância de um diagnóstico correto mediante o teste de exercício e, no manejo, o uso de drogas beta-adrenérgicas e anticolinérgicas. FONTE DOS DADOS: Os artigos foram criteriosamente escolhidos utilizando as bases de dados PubMed e Scielo pelo ano de publicação e dando preferência a ensa...

The relationship between the severity of asthma and comorbidites with anxiety and depressive disorders Relação entre a gravidade da asma e comorbidade com transtornos de ansiedade e depressão

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Alexandre M Valença

2006-09-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that asthma is associated with increased frequency of psychiatric symptoms and mental disorders. Our aim was to assess the frequency of anxiety and depressive disorders in a sample of asthmatic outpatients and observe if there is any relationship between this comorbidity and the severity of asthma. METHOD: Sixty-two consecutive patients of two outpatient asthma clinics located in university hospitals were evaluated. Psychiatric diagnoses were assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 4.4 Version. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients (43.5% met criteria for at least one psychiatric diagnosis. The most frequent diagnoses were major depression (24%, generalized anxiety disorder (20.9% and panic disorder/agoraphobia spectrum disorders (17.7%. We found no significant differences in the prevalence of anxiety disorders and depression between the groups with mild/moderate and severe asthma. Despite the high frequency of depression and anxiety disorders, only 4 (6.5% patients were under psychiatric treatment and 13 (20.9% patients were taking benzodiazepines. Twelve of 15 (80% patients who reported present use of psychotropic medication were not under psychiatric treatment at the moment of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the high morbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders in asthmatic patients, independent of the severity of asthma.OBJETIVO: Existem evidências de que a asma está associada a um aumento da presença de sintomas psiquiátricos e de transtornos mentais. O objetivo do presente estudo é o de averiguar a freqüência de transtornos de ansiedade e depressão em uma amostra de pacientes asmáticos ambulatoriais e observar se há relação deste tipo de comorbidade com a gravidade da asma. MÉTODO: Sessenta e dois pacientes consecutivos de dois ambulatórios universitários especializados em asma foram examinados. Os diagnósticos psiquiátricos foram obtidos em entrevista com a

La Auriculopuntura con semillas en el tratamiento del asma bronquial en edad pediátrica

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Tamara Hervis Lee

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo investigativo en el Policlínico Docente "19 de Abril" durante el año 1996 en el que se incluyó a 97 niños portadores de asma bronquial, cuyas edades oscilaban entre 1 y 14 años. Fueron tratados con auriculopuntura usando el método de pega y presión, con semillas Wang Bu Liu Xin, desarrollado por la escuela de la profesora Huan Li Chung. Se obtuvo una disminución del uso de medicamentos durante la crisis y la intercrisis, así como del número de pacientes clasificados como asmáticos severos y moderados; incrementándose por ende el total de pacientes con asma ligera.A descriptive and investigative study was conducted at the "19 de Abril" Teaching Polyclinic during 1996. 97 children carriers of bronchial asthma, who were between 1 and 14 years old, were treated with auriculopuncture by the method of sticking and pressuring with Wang Bu Liu Xin seeds, a method that is developed by the school of professor Huan Li Chung. It was possible to reduce the use of drugs during the crises and intercrises, as well as the number of patients classified as severe and moderate asthmatic patients. As a result, there was an increase of patients with mild asthma.

LATIHAN FISIK MENCETUSKAN ASMA

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Afriwardi Afriwardi

2008-05-01

Full Text Available AbstrakAsma yang dicetuskan latihan fisik (exercise-induced asthma merupakan suatu kelainan yang ditandai dengan terjadinya bronkospasme serta hipersekresi mukosa bronkus yang dicetuskan oleh kegiatan olahraga atau aktifitas fisik. Kami melaporkan satu kasus seorang atlet putri karate, umur 24 tahun yang sudah menekuni olahraga selama 10 tahun. Serangan sesak nafas yang kadang menimbulkan mengi dan dada terasa berat seringkali timbul saat melakukan latihan. Pada umumnya sesak dan dada berat akan berkurang setelah latihan dihentikan. Diagnosis ditegakkan dengan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik yang dilakukan pada saat serangan yang terakhir serta adanya catatan medis yang sempat terdokumentasi. Perlu dilakukan kajian yang mendalam terhadap kasus ini karena serangan tersebut sangat mengganggu program latihan yang diberikan untuk atlet tersebut. Penelusuran terhadap faktor pencetus serta pemahaman karakteristik serangan akan sangat membantu pelatih dalam menyiapkan program latihan untuk atlet ini guna memperoleh prestasi terbaik.Kata kunci: exercise induced asthma – diagnosis - program latihanAbstractAsthma triggered by physical exercise (exercise-induced asthma is a marked disorder with the occurrence of bronchospasm and hypersecretion of bronchial mucous triggered by sports or physical activity. We report a case of a karate sportswoman, aged 24 years old who has engaged in sports for 10 years. Shortness of breath attacks that sometimes followed with wheezing and chest heaviness often occurs during exercise. In general, shortness of breath and chest heaviness will decrease after the training is stopped. Diagnosis by interview and physical examination conducted at the time of the attack, and documented n the medical record. In-depth study of the case need to be performed because the attack seriously affects training provided to the athlete. Studying the triggering factors and understanding the characteristics of the attack will greatly help

Sintomas e fatores de risco para asma entre escolares piauienses Síntomas y factores de riesgo para el asma entre escolares piauienses Symptoms and risk factors for asthma among piauiense schoolchildren

OpenAIRE

Gessianne Carvalho Castro; Lívia Kênia de Carvalho Sousa; Paula Valentina de Sousa Vera; Luisa Helena de Oliveira Lima; Edina Araújo Rodrigues Oliveira; Rúbia Fernanda Santos Lima; Luis Fernando Beserra Magalhães; Nileide Lima Araújo; Marcos Venícios de Oliveira Lopes

2012-01-01

OBJETIVOS: Analisar a prevalência de sintomas de asma entre escolares de seis a sete anos do município de Picos-PI; e identificar fatores de risco associados à doença. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com crianças de 6 e 7 anos de Picos em novembro de 2010 a maio de 2011. Para coletar os dados, foi utilizado um formulário adaptado do Internacional Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Os dados foram analisados com base na estatística descritiva e analítica. RESULTADOS: Dentre as 23...

C38. Óxido nítrico exalado e provas funcionais respiratórias num rastreio de asma

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J. Fonseca

2003-11-01

Full Text Available O diagnóstico de asma é fundamentalmente clínico, no entanto, a utilização de medidas de função pulmonar e de inflamação brônquica poderá ser útil.Pretendemos avaliar a utilização destas medidas na distinção de indivíduos com e sem asma, num rastreio com voluntários adultos recrutados através dos media. Cada indivíduo realizou medição da fracção de óxido nítrico exalado (eNO, AerocrineÒ, espirometria com broncodilatação (PFRBD e questionário de despiste e impacto da asma (QVA, ACAAI.Dos 61 incluídos, 38% eram homens, tinham idade de 46±16 anos (média±dp, queixas nasais 79%; fumadores 20%; QVA 10±5; eNO 34,6±41,3 ppb; FEV1 previsto 102±16% e fev1/fvc 96±13% A medição do eNO demorou entre 2,3 e 11,6 minutos (mediana 4,8. Foram efectuadas 317 manobras (165 válidas para medição no eNO (por doente entre 3-9; mediana -5.Considerando as normas da ATS, 48(79% indivíduos tiveram uma medição correcta de eNO e 39(64% de PFRBD.Considerando os critérios diagnósticos para as PFRBD do GINA e um cut-off de 20 ppb para o eNO, foram identificados como asmáticos respectivamente 45% e 46% dos doentes com QVA ³13. A utilização de PFRBD e do eNO numa avaliação de despiste de asma é exequível e útil mas actualmente insuficiente para um diagnóstico adequado. : The asthma diagnosis is primarily based on clinical data, sometimes, however, objective measures are useful. We aimed to study the use of Exhaled Nitric Oxide (eNO and spirometry before and after inhaled albuterol (PFT in asthma screening of adult volunteers recruited through media announcements. Each individual also answered structured questionnaires including the LQ Test (ACAAI, a valid test for asthma screening and disease impact.Sixty one patients were analyzed, 38% were men, with mean±SD age of 46±16 years, nasal symptoms 79%; smokers 20%; LQ 10±5; eNO 34.6±41.3 ppb; FEV1 % predicted 102±16% e fev1/fvc 96±13%.The eNO measurement duration

Prevalência e fatores de risco para asma em escolares de uma coorte no Sul do Brasil Prevalence and risk factors for asthma in schoolchildren in southern Brazil

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Moema N. Chatkin

2005-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Estudar a prevalência e fatores de risco para asma em 494 crianças pertencentes à coorte de nascidos em 1993, as quais vêm sendo acompanhadas desde o nascimento, estando, atualmente, com cerca de 6 anos de idade, em Pelotas (RS. MÉTODOS: Foi administrado um questionário padronizado com questões relativas à asma, baseadas em questionário utilizado por um estudo internacional multicêntrico (ISAAC validado em diversos países. Também obteve-se informações sobre o nível socioeconômico, fatores ambientais, hereditários, nutricionais, gestacionais, alérgicos e eventos infecciosos pregressos. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de asma encontrada foi de 12,8% (IC95%: 10-15,9%. Na análise multivariada, a asma esteve associada com cor da pele não-branca (RR = 1,9 IC95%: 1,1-3,3%, história de asma na família (RR = 2,8 IC95%:1,5-5,1, rinite alérgica na criança (RR = 2,6 IC95%:1,5-4,4 e fumo na gestação (RR = 1,7 IC95%:1-2,9. CONCLUSÃO: A asma infantil tem elevada prevalência em Pelotas, sendo um problema de saúde pública e, como tal, deve-se direcionar ações apropriadas para o seu controle.OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence and risk factors for asthma in a cohort of 494 children born in 1993 and followed up to the age of six years in Pelotas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: A standardized and validated asthma questionnaire, based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC, was applied. Other information was also collected about socioeconomic background, genetic, nutritional, gestational and allergic factors, and previous infectious episodes. RESULTS: The prevalence of asthma found in this study was 12.8% (95%CI: 10-15.9%. In the multivariate analysis, risk factors such as non-white skin color (RR = 1.9 95%CI: 1.1-3.3%, family history of asthma (RR = 2.8 95%CI: 1.5-5.1, allergic rhinitis in children (RR = 2.6 95%CI: 1.5-4.4 and maternal smoking during pregnancy (RR = 1.7 95%CI: 1

Sistema predictiu per a evolució de pacients. Aplicació al cas d'asma infantil

OpenAIRE

Rubia Galera, Ivan de La

2015-01-01

[CATALÀ] S'ha dissenyat una aplicació que permet treballar amb dades de pacients i episodis, preprocessar-les i entrenar models amb algorismes d'aprenentatge automàtic que ofereixen bons resultats. S'ha experimentat amb dades de pacients d'asma infantil de l'hospital de Sant Joan de Déu. [ANGLÈS] We've developed an application that can deal with patient data, preprocess it and train models with machine learning algorithms that have given good results. We've experimented with data from Hosp...

Prevalência de asma em escolares e adolescentes em um município na região da Amazônia brasileira Prevalence of asthma in children and adolescents in a city in the Brazilian Amazon region

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Antonia Maria Rosa

2009-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de asma e seus sintomas em estudantes de duas faixas etárias específicas, residentes no município de Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional da prevalência de asma em escolares de 6-7 anos de idade e em adolescentes de 13-14 anos, utilizando o questionário padronizado e validado para uso no Brasil do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, fase 1. Foram considerados como asmáticos aqueles estudantes que responderam afirmativamente à questão 2 (presença de sibilância nos últimos 12 meses. RESULTADOS: Participaram da pesquisa 3.362 estudantes, dos quais 1.634 (48,6% eram escolares e 1.728 (51,4% eram adolescentes. Entre os 1.634 escolares, 816 (49,9% eram do gênero masculino e 818 (50,1% do feminino. Entre os 1.728 adolescentes, 773 (45,0% eram do gênero masculino e 955 (55,0% do feminino. A prevalência de asma entre os escolares foi de 25,2%, enquanto que entre os adolescentes esta foi de 15,9% (χ2 = 8,34; p = 0,00. Os escolares apresentaram maiores prevalências dos seguintes sintomas de asma do que os adolescentes: sibilância alguma vez na vida (54,3%, tosse seca noturna (43,9%, sibilância nos últimos 12 meses (25,2%, e de 1 a 3 crises de sibilância nos últimos 12 meses (19,1%. Quanto ao diagnóstico médico de asma, não houve diferença entre os dois grupos (aproximadamente 4,5%. Não foi verificada diferença estatisticamente significante na prevalência de asma entre os gêneros nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Tangará da Serra apresenta elevada prevalência de asma entre escolares e adolescentes, resultado compatível com estudos realizados no Brasil e na América Latina utilizando a mesma metodologia.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of asthma and asthma symptoms in students of two distinct age brackets residing in the city of Tangará da Serra, Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional, population-based study of the prevalence of

Prevalência de sintomas respiratórios e condições clínicas associadas à asma em escolares de 6 a 14 anos no Rio de Janeiro

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TELDESCHI ANDRÉA L. GUIMARÃES

2002-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de sintomas respiratórios e condições clínicas associadas à asma brônquica e broncoespasmo induzido por exercício (BIE em duas populações de escolares de instituições públicas e privadas. MÉTODO: Realizado inquérito transversal em 2941 escolares de 6 a 14 anos, sendo 1591 da rede municipal pública (RPb e 1350 da rede particular (RPt, matriculados nas classes de alfabetização e primeiro grau de escolas da zona oeste do Rio de Janeiro. Para as entrevistas foi empregado o formulário "ATS-DLD-78-C" modificado. RESULTADO: Segundo a seqüência de perguntas do formulário, houve referência a chiado em 842 (28,6% entrevistados; BIE em 684 (23,3%; internações hospitalares por problemas respiratórios em 342 (11,6%; uso prévio de broncodilatadores (BD em 1072 (36,5%; bronquiolite em 40 (1,4%; pneumonia em 185 (6,3%; diagnóstico médico de asma brônquica em 779 (26,5%; rinite em 1088 (37%; atopia familiar em 1794 (61% e imunoterapia em 577 (19,6%. A comparação estatística entre os dois grupos de escolas mostrou maior freqüência de BIE, hospitalização e pneumonia na RPb (26,3%, 15,9% e 7,2%, respectivamente. Na RPt foi maior a freqüência de história familiar de atopia e emprego de imunoterapia (63,7% e 23,6%, respectivamente. Aplicando-se a pontuação estabelecida pelo formulário, o diagnóstico de asma ocorreu em 638 (21,7% escolares, sendo 55% da RPb e 45% da RPt. A distribuição dos casos de asma pelas escolas evidenciou que 354 (22% eram da RPb e 284 (21% da RPt (n.s.. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de asma foi elevada entre escolares da RPt e da RPb, sem diferença estatística entre ambas. Os quadros de BIE também foram muito prevalentes na amostra estudada, com maior freqüência na RPb.

Qualidade de vida em doentes com asma Quality of life in asthma patients

OpenAIRE

Lara Noronha Ferreira; Ulisses Brito; Pedro Lopes Ferreira

2010-01-01

Neste artigo é descrito um estudo, cujo objectivo é a medição da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde (QdVRS) de doentes com asma e a apresentação de uma primeira aproximação aos valores normativos, com base no SF-6D, para aquele tipo de doentes. Pretende-se ainda averiguar a capacidade de medidas genéricas de medição da QdVRS distinguirem grupos em termos de características sociodemográficas. Aplicaram-se, por entrevista pessoal, as versões portuguesas do EQ-5D, do SF-6D, do AQLQ(S) e d...

Stromal laminin chain distribution in normal, hyperplastic and malignant oral mucosa: relation to myofibroblast occurrence and vessel formation.

Science.gov (United States)

Franz, Marcus; Wolheim, Anke; Richter, Petra; Umbreit, Claudia; Dahse, Regine; Driemel, Oliver; Hyckel, Peter; Virtanen, Ismo; Kosmehl, Hartwig; Berndt, Alexander

2010-04-01

The contribution of stromal laminin chain expression to malignant potential, tumour stroma reorganization and vessel formation in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not fully understood. Therefore, the expression of the laminin chains alpha2, alpha3, alpha4, alpha5 and gamma2 in the stromal compartment/vascular structures in OSCC was analysed. Frozen tissue of OSCC (9x G1, 24x G2, 8x G3) and normal (2x)/hyperplastic (11x) oral mucosa was subjected to laminin chain and alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) immunohistochemistry. Results were correlated to tumour grade. The relation of laminin chain positive vessels to total vessel number was assessed by immunofluorescence double labelling with CD31. Stromal laminin alpha2 chain significantly decreases and alpha3, alpha4, alpha5 and gamma2 chains and also ASMA significantly increase with rising grade. The amount of stromal alpha3, alpha4 and gamma2 chains significantly increased with rising ASMA positivity. There is a significant decrease in alpha3 chain positive vessels with neoplastic transformation. Mediated by myofibroblasts, OSCC development is associated with a stromal up-regulation of laminin isoforms possibly contributing to a migration promoting microenvironment. A vascular basement membrane reorganization concerning alpha3 and gamma2 chain laminins during tumour angioneogenesis is suggested.

Group formation in early clinical project

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Østergaard, Gert Værge

Research shows that getting involved is a key aspect of learning, and a way of getting involved is through study groups [1]. Forming groups are always a theme that is discussed, both amongst faculty and students. There is a different approach at different semesters regarding this formation...

Comportamiento del asma bronquial en la edad pediátrica

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Lilian Jiménez Fontao

2001-02-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, con un modelo de diseño del tipo casos y controles en la población de niños que acuden al Círculo Infantil "Sueños del Ché", con el fin de determinar la posible influencia de algunos factores de riesgo para padecer de asma bronquial. La investigación se realizó durante el curso escolar 1996-1997. El material de estudio quedó conformado por 166 niños, 21 de los cuales eran asmáticos (GE, el resto (145 eran los supuestamente sanos y conformaron el grupo control (GC. Como instrumento epidemiológico se utilizó el riesgo relativo (RR y su intervalo de confianza al 95 %, así como la prueba de Chi cuadrado. El sexo masculino predominó entre los enfermos y las manifestaciones alérgicas fueron más frecuentes entre los niños enfermos, así como en aquellos cuyos familiares era fumadores o que padecían de asma bronquial. El ketotifeno consiguió el 50 % de mejoría entre los enfermos, y la presencia de vectores y/o animales en el hogar no resultó un factor importante a considerarAn observational analytic case-control study was conducted in the population of children attending the "Sueños del Ché" Day Care Center in order to determine the possible influence of some risk factors on bronchial asthma. The investigation was made during the academic course 1996-1997. 166 children, 21 of whom were asthmatics (SG, and other 145 apparently sound (CG took part in the study. The relative risk and its confidence interval of 95 %, as well as the Chi square test were used as an epidemiological tool. Males prevailed among the sick and the allergic manifestations were more common in ill children and in those whose relatives were smokers or suffered from bronchial asthma. An improvement of 50 % was attained with the admnistration of ketotifen. The presence of vectors and/or animals at home was not an important factor to be considered

Estudo nacional de qualidade de vida na asma – Aplicação do Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire de Marks (AQLQ-M na população portuguesa

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Jorge Ferreira

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Resumo: A versão portuguesa do Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire de Marks (AQLQ-M demonstrou anteriormente que apresenta boas propriedades psicométricas e é adequada para utilização em doentes portugueses com asma. Ao longo dos últimos 40 anos, tem vindo a observar-se um aumento global na prevalência, morbilidade, mortalidade e custos económicos associados à asma, continuando esta a ser uma doença subdiagnosticada e subtratada. Neste estudo, o AQLQ-M foi aplicado a 826 doentes asmáticos de Portugal continental (97,9% caucasianos; média de idades=40,5 anos; 30,2% do sexo masculino; 69,8% do sexo feminino seguidos em consulta de pneumologia ou imunoalergologia. Os doentes foram classificados de acordo com os níveis de gravidade do Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA. Apresentavam asma intermitente 40,5%; 26,9% asma persistente ligeira; 21,4% asma persistente moderada e 11,2% asma persistente grave. A pontuação do AQLQ-M manteve correlações estatisticamente significativas com a gravidade da asma, sintomas e função pulmonar. A maioria dos doentes não se apresentava controlada, tendo 74,6% recorrido ao serviço de urgência ao longo do último ano. Para todas as subescalas do questionário, as mulheres apresentavam pior qualidade de vida (QdV do que os homens. Surpreendentemente, os fumadores apresentavam melhor QdV do que os indivíduos que nunca fumaram. Os resultados deste estudo revelaram que a versão portuguesa do AQLQ-M é um instrumento útil para a medição da QdV relacionada com a saúde em adultos com asma.Rev Port Pneumol 2008; XIV (4: 459-486 Abstract: The Portuguese version of the Marks Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ-M has already proven to have good diagnostic properties, and is suitable for use with Portuguese asthma patients. The last forty years have seen a worldwide rise in the rate, morbidity, mortality and economic burden associated

Adesão ao tratamento de manutenção em asma (estudo ADERE Compliance with maintenance treatment of asthma (ADERE study

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José Miguel Chatkin

2006-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a adesão ao tratamento preventivo de asma persistente moderada e grave. MÉTODOS: Médicos de vários Estados do país foram contactados para selecionar asmáticos persistentes moderados ou graves, maiores de doze anos. Os pacientes receberam salmeterol/fluticasona 50/250 µg diskus durante 90 dias (sendo orientados a retornarem as embalagens ao final do estudo para conferência da dosagem total utilizada. Receberam telefonemas da equipe do estudo no início e ao final de 90 dias para que fosse avaliada a adesão. Foi considerado como aderente ao tratamento o asmático que utilizou no mínimo 85% das doses prescritas. As variáveis estudadas foram sexo, idade, cor, estado civil, escolaridade, tabagismo atual, outras atopias, co-morbidades, gravidade da asma, uso de outras medicações e número de hospitalizações por asma. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 131 pacientes oriundos de quinze estados, com taxa geral de adesão de 51,9%. Houve diferença significativa na adesão quanto à gravidade da asma (maior adesão nos casos graves; p = 0,02. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nas demais variáveis. CONCLUSÃO: A taxa geral de adesão ao tratamento de manutenção da asma foi baixa.OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of compliance with preventive treatment of moderate and severe persistent asthma. METHODS: Physicians at various medical centers across the country were invited to nominate patients for participation in the study. Inclusion criteria were being over the age of 12 and presenting moderate or severe persistent asthma. Participating patients received salmeterol/fluticasone 50/250 µg by dry powder inhaler for 90 days and were instructed to return the empty packages at the end of the study as a means of determining the total quantity used. In order to evaluate compliance, a member of the research team contacted each patient via telephone at the study outset and again at the end of the 90-day study period

Factores peri y postnatales relacionados con el asma bronquial en niños

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Odalys Orraca Castillo

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el asma es una de las enfermedades que recuerda a los médicos la importancia de los elementos clínicos y epidemiológicos en el reconocimiento del paciente. La enfermedad surge por factores genéticos y ambientales. Objetivo: describir los factores peri y postnatales del asma bronquial en pacientes de edad pediátrica en Pinar del Río. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en la provincia Pinar del Río durante el periodo enero-junio 2010. Fueron seleccionados 585 asmáticos de edad pediátrica, por muestreo probabilístico estratificado, proporcional al universo de pacientes de las capitales municipales. Se consideró a cada municipio como estrato. Se usó la técnica de muestreo sistemático. Se calcularon las frecuencias absolutas y relativas de las variables cualitativas estudiadas. Resultados: el 10.8% de las madres fueron fumadoras durante el embarazo. El 6.7% y 39.5% de los niños fueron fumadores activos y pasivos respectivamente. El 34.2% de los niños asmáticos no mantuvo lactancia materna exclusiva hasta los tres meses. La rinitis ocupó el primer lugar (55% dentro de las co-morbilidades alérgicas. El 73.2% de los pacientes presentaron catarros, seguido de las amigdalitis e infecciones parasitarias. Conclusiones: el tabaquismo (pasivo y activo, la convivencia con animales domésticos, el consumo excesivo y temprano de leche de vaca con el retiro temprano de la lactancia materna exclusiva y las infecciones respiratorias como antecedentes patológicos personales constituyen factores peri y postnatales relacionados con niños asmáticos en Pinar del Río en quienes la rinitis y dermatitis se asociaron como parte de la marcha atópica.

Asma em escolares do Recife - comparação de prevalências: 1994-95 e 2002 Asthma in schoolchildren from Recife, Brazil. Prevalence comparison: 1994-95 and 2002

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Murilo C. A. Britto

2004-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Descrever a prevalência atual (2002 de asma e suas variantes em escolares da cidade do Recife, comparando os dados com o período de 1994-95; analisar a relação entre instrução materna e o surgimento ou o agravamento da asma; e avaliar a acurácia diagnóstica da prevalência anual de sibilância como indicador de asma. MÉTODO: Em um corte transversal, estudou-se, por questionário escrito, uma amostra probabilística de escolares de 13 e 14 anos em Recife, em 1994-95 (n = 3.086 e 2002 (n = 2.774, como parte do projeto ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. RESULTADOS: Em 1994-95 e 2002, as prevalências foram, respectivamente: cumulativa de asma referida, 21 e 18,2%; cumulativa de sibilância, 39 e 38%; anual de sibilância, 19,7 e 19,4%; anual de tosse equivalente de asma, 31 e 38%; anual de sibilância desencadeada por exercício, 20,6 e 23,8%. A prevalência anual de crises, estratificada em 1 a 3, 4 a 12 e mais de 12 foi: 16,3, 2,7 e 1% em 1994-95 e 15,2, 1,2 e 0,4% em 2002. A prevalência anual de crises que comprometeram o sono foi, respectivamente, de 13 e 10,3%; a prevalência de crises com prejuízo da fala foi de 4,8 e 4,1%. Nível mais elevado de instrução materna associou-se a maior prevalência cumulativa de asma referida, prevalência cumulativa e anual de sibilância. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de asma e suas formas graves é elevada em escolares adolescentes do Recife e está associada a maior instrução materna.OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of asthma and asthma variants in schoolchildren from Recife in 2002, and to compare these data with data from 1994-95; to analyze the relationship between maternal schooling and the presence of asthma or worsening asthma; and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the yearly prevalence of wheezing as an asthma indicator. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. A probabilistic sample of 3,086 and 2,774 13- and 14-year-old students answered a

Variação sazonal nos atendimentos de emergência por asma em Gama, Distrito Federal Seasonal variations in emergency room visits for asthma attacks in Gama, Brazil

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Laércio Moreira Valença

2006-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Quantificar o atendimento por asma em um serviço de emergência público e estudar a flutuação sazonal, considerando as condições climáticas locais, caracterizadas por duas estações, uma chuvosa e úmida e outra seca. MÉTODOS: Levantamento retrospectivo conduzido em um hospital geral comunitário. Um total de 37.642 consultas emergenciais por asma, bronquite, pneumonia, infecções de vias aéreas superiores e outras condições foram identificadas durante um período de dois anos. As informações constantes em cada guia de atendimento foram levantadas para posterior análise. RESULTADOS: Asma foi o segundo diagnóstico mais freqüente dentre as condições respiratórias (24%. A maioria das consultas por asma foi feita em crianças de zero a catorze anos (56,6%. A análise de regressão mostrou uma variação sazonal dos atendimentos, com concentração significativamente maior de casos de asma no mês de março (p = 0,0109 e concentração menor nos meses de agosto e setembro (p = 0,0485 e p = 0,0169, respectivamente. A correlação entre asma e clima foi mais significativa em relação à flutuação da umidade defasada de um e dois meses (p = 0,0026 e p = 0,0002, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: As visitas por asma ao pronto-socorro foram mais freqüentes durante a estação úmida. O aumento do número de casos cresceu um a dois meses após o aumento da umidade e diminuiu no período seco. Essa correlação positiva levanta a possibilidade de uma relação causal com a proliferação de ácaros domésticos e fungos ambientais.OBJECTIVE: To quantify the number of asthma attacks treated in the emergency room of a public hospital and to study seasonal fluctuations, taking into consideration the local climate, which is characterized by having only two seasons: a rainy/humid season and a dry season. METHODS: A retrospective survey was conducted in a community general hospital. A total of 37,642 emergency room consultations

Relación entre la severidad de las manifestaciones de asma bronquial y el cumplimiento del tratamiento intercrisis Relation between the severity of bronchial asthma manifestations and the fulfilment of the inter-crisis treatment

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Tatiana de la Vega Pazitková

2011-09-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN: En la última década han aumentado la morbilidad y la mortalidad por asma bronquial. Se estima que esta enfermedad la padecen actualmente 300 millones de personas en el mundo. En Cuba, el asma bronquial constituye también un importante problema de salud. OBJETIVO: Establecer la relación entre el cumplimiento del tratamiento en periodos intercrisis y la severidad de las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 119 pacientes con diagnóstico de asma bronquial pertenecientes al policlínico "Ana Betancourt". Para la recolección de datos se aplicaron cuestionarios de forma individual a los pacientes o a los familiares que están directamente al cuidado de estos. Los pacientes fueron agrupados según la Guía española para el manejo del asma de 2009. RESULTADOS: Se detectaron 23 pacientes asmáticos intermitentes, 42 persistentes leves, 36 persistentes moderados y 18 persistentes graves. El 95 % de los pacientes estudiados desencadenaba la crisis con inhalantes respiratorios. En el 79 % de los hogares se detectó la presencia de fumadores. Solo el 41 % de los pacientes cumplía el tratamiento correctamente en los periodos intercrisis. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una relación directa entre la severidad de las manifestaciones clínicas del asma bronquial y el no cumplimiento del tratamiento intercrisis, lo que puede condicionar la exacerbación de la enfermedad.INTRODUCTION: In past decade the morbidity and mortality from bronchial asthma have increased. This is a diseased suffered nowadays by 300 millions of persons in the world. In Cuba, the bronchial asthma is also an important health problem. OBJECTIVE: To establish the relation between the fulfilment of treatment in inter-crisis period and the severity of the clinical manifestations of this entity. METHODS: A total of 119 patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma from the "Ana Betancourt" Polyclinic were studied. In data collection authors applied individual

Fenótipos clínicos de asma grave Clinical phenotypes of severe asthma

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Roseliane de Souza Araújo Alves

2008-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estabelecer os fenótipos clínicos em portadores de asma grave. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados, retrospectivamente, 111 pacientes em um ambulatório especializado. Os pacientes foram avaliados e acompanhados de maneira sistemática, estabelecendo-se ao final do acompanhamento a adesão e o controle ou não da doença por dados clínicos e funcionais. A resistência ao tratamento foi definida como o não preenchimento, ao final do acompanhamento, por pelo menos seis meses, dos critérios de controle de asma, apesar do uso correto e adesão à medicação. Os fenótipos foram determinados por análise fatorial e comparados por testes diversos. RESULTADOS: Ao final, 88 pacientes foram considerados aderentes e 23 não aderentes. Por análise fatorial do grupo aderente, quatro fenótipos foram determinados: o fenótipo 1 (28 pacientes, formado pelos pacientes resistentes ao tratamento, com maior freqüência de sintomas noturnos, maior número de exacerbações e uso mais freqüente de broncodilatador de resgate; o fenótipo 2 (48 pacientes, formado pelos pacientes com obstrução persistente, com menores valores de relação volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo/capacidade vital forçada na avaliação inicial, idade mais avançada e maior tempo de doença; o fenótipo 3 (42 pacientes, representa os pacientes com rinossinusite alérgica, sendo constituído de não fumantes com obstrução predominantemente reversível; e o fenótipo 4 (15 pacientes, formado por casos com história de intolerância à aspirina associado à asma quase fatal. CONCLUSÕES: Um número significativo de portadores de ama grave não adere ao tratamento. Muitos pacientes com asma grave têm obstrução irreversível, mas o fenótipo clínico mais relevante é constituído pelos pacientes resistentes ao tratamento habitual.OBJECTIVE: To characterize clinical phenotypes of severe asthma. METHODS: A total of 111 patients were retrospectively evaluated at a

Prevalencia de síntomas respiratorios indicativos de asma y asociación con contaminación atmosférica en preescolares de Bucaramanga, Colombia

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Laura Andrea Rodríguez

2010-03-01

Conclusiones. Es posible que en Bucaramanga los factores de contaminación domiciliaria puedan tener un mayor efecto sobre la presencia de síntomas respiratorios indicativos de asma en menores de siete años que los contaminantes externos.

Comportamiento del asma bronquial en adolescentes tratados en el Policlínico Universitario "Ana Betancourt" Course of bronchial asthma in adolescents seen in "Ana Betancourt" University Polyclinic

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Tatiana de la Vega Pazitková

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el asma infantil representa una entidad que aún no ha logrado ser bien definida y delimitada, lo que establece variadas interpretaciones de su epidemiología, diagnóstico y, consecuentemente de su tratamiento. Objetivos: estimar la prevalencia global de asma en adolescentes tratados en consultorios médicos de familia del Policlínico Universitario "Ana Betancourt". Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, que incluyó a 81 adolescentes de ambos sexos con edades entre 11 y 18 años, pertenecientes a dos consultorios médicos de familia del Grupo Básico de Trabajo No. 2, del Policlínico Universitario "Ana Betancourt", del municipio Playa, en el período comprendido entre enero de 2006 y enero de 2007. Como herramienta de trabajo se utilizó el cuestionario: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, instrumento validado internacionalmente. Resultados: la cifra total de asmáticos ascendió a 52 adolescentes con un discreto predominio del sexo masculino y de los casos ligeros de la enfermedad, para una prevalencia global de 64,1 %. Se encontró un subregistro de 20,9 %. Conclusiones: en ambos consultorios se constata una elevada prevalencia de asma bronquial en la población de adolescentes con mayor afectación en los varones. Los pacientes exhiben mayoritariamente las formas ligeras de la enfermedad. Se encuentra un importante subregistro para el asma bronquial en los adolescentes tratados en el Policlínico Universitario "Ana Betancourt"Introduction: the bronchial asthma is a even defined entity establishing some interpretations of its epidemiology, diagnosis and consequently of its treatment. Objectives: to estimate the global prevalence of asthma in adolescents seen in family medical consulting rooms from "Ana Betancourt" University Polyclinic. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted including 81 adolescents of both sexes aged between 11 and 18 from family

Prevalência de asma e fatores associados: estudo de base populacional em São Paulo, SP, 2008-2009

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Clóvis Arlindo de Sousa

2012-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de asma em crianças e adolescentes e identificar fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com 1.185 crianças e adolescentes de ambos os sexos de São Paulo, SP, de 2008 a 2009. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas domiciliares e os participantes foram selecionados a partir de amostragem probabilística, estratificada por sexo e idade, e por conglomerados em dois estágios (setores censitários e domicílios. Foi realizada regressão múltipla de Poisson na análise ajustada entre o desfecho e variáveis sociodemográficas, econômicas, estilo de vida e condições de saúde. RESULTADOS: Dos entrevistados, 9,1% (IC95% 7,0;11,7 referiram asma. Após análise ajustada, identificaram-se os seguintes fatores independentemente associados ao agravo: idade (zero a quatro anos/15 a 19 RP = 3,18 (IC95% 1,20;8,42, idade (cinco a nove anos/15 a 19 RP = 6,37 (IC95% 2,64;15,39, idade (10 a 14 anos/15 a 19 RP = 4,51 (IC95% 1,95;10,40, alergia (sim/não RP = 2,22 (IC95% 1,24;4,00, rinite (sim/não RP = 2,13 (IC95% 1,22;3,73, problemas de saúde nos 15 dias prévios à entrevista (sim/não RP = 1,96 (IC95% 1,23;3,11, número de cômodos no domicílio (1 a 3/4 e mais RP = 1,67 (IC95% 1,05;2,66, e cor da pele (preta e parda/branca RP = 2,00 (IC95% 1,14;3,49. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados do presente estudo apontam a importância da asma associada à presença de rinite e alergia, idade entre cinco e nove anos, cor da pele preta e parda e moradia com menor número de cômodos. Os frequentes problemas de saúde podem ser considerados consequência dessa doença.

Efeitos da asma no estado nutricional em crianças: Revisão sistemática Effects of asthma in nutritional status in children: A systematic review

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Daniele Andrade da Cunha

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Introdução: A asma é uma doença inflamatória crónica de alta prevalência, considerada um problema de saúde pública e constitui-se como uma das causas de baixo peso e atraso do crescimento. Objectivo: O objectivo do presente artigo foi rever na literatura os efeitos da asma no estado nutricional em crianças. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com busca de artigos nas bases PubMed, SciELO e LILACS. Foram excluídos os artigos de revisão, estudos com adultos ou pesquisas que não avaliassem os efeitos da asma em crianças. Foram incluídos artigos originais em humanos. Resultados: Na revisão sistemática da literatura foram encontrados 839 na base MEDLINE (1997-2008, 62 artigos na base MEDLINE (1966-1996, 47 no LILACS e 16 no SciELO - Brasil, totalizando 964 artigos. Destes, foram seleccionados 17 artigos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a evidência de que a asma interfere no estado nutricional não pode ser comprovada neste estudo.Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of high prevalence, considered a public health problem and is thought to be one cause of low birth weight and growth retardation. Purpose: The purpose of this article was to review in literature the effects of asthma on the nutritional status in children. Material and methods: A systematic review was made by searching for articles in PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases. Review articles, studies with adults or research that did not evaluate the effects of asthma in children were excluded. Hence original articles in humans were included. Results: In the systematic review we found 901 articles in MEDLINE (1966-1996, 47 in LILACS and SciELO in the 16 - Brazil, totaling 964 articles. Of these, 17 articles were selected. Conclusion: Evidence that asthma interferes in nutritional status can not be proven in this study.

Estudo transversal da avaliação do controlo da rinite e asma alérgicas em consulta hospitalar de Imunoalergologia através do questionário CARAT10

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P. Ricardo Pereira

2013-07-01

allergic rhinitis and asthma (ARA control. There is no published data about the use of this tool. Aims: To assess ARA control using CARAT10 in an Immunoallergology hospital setting; Methods: Patients with diagnosis of allergic rhinitis with or without asthma (positive aeroallergens prick-tests and/or positive specific IgE were sequentially enrolled and asked to fill in CARAT10 questionnaire at their first appointment. Results: Two hundred patients were included, mostly female (n = 142 with an average age of 33.6 ± 12.3 years. ARA was present in 86 patients while 114 had isolated allergic rhinitis. In ARA group, 86% scored CARATtotal ≤ 24, meaning poor control. Subscores revealed that 83% had poorly controlled rhinitis (CARATr ≤ 8 and 74% had poorly controlled asthma (CARATa < 16. There were no age or gender related differences in ARA control. In allergic rhinitis group (n = 114, 89% were poorly controlled. Conclusions: Only 14% of patients presenting rhinitis and asthma had both diseases controlled. Palavras-chave: Rinite alérgica, Asma, Avaliação, Controlo, Questionário, Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test 10, Keywords: Allergic rhinitis, Asthma, Assessment, Control, Questionnaire, Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test 10

Fixed geometric formation structure in formation control problem for group of robots with dynamically changing number of robots in the group

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N. S. Morozova

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The article considers a problem of the decentralization-based approach to formation control of a group of agents, which simulate mobile autonomous robots. The agents use only local information limited by the covering range of their sensors. The agents have to build and maintain the formation, which fits to the defined target geometric formation structure with desired accuracy during the movement to the target point. At any point in time the number of agents in the group can change unexpectedly (for example, as a result of the agent failure or if a new agent joins the group.The aim of the article is to provide the base control rule, which solves the formation control problem, and to develop its modifications, which provide the correct behavior in case the agent number in the group is not equal to the size of the target geometric formation structure. The proposed base control rule, developed by the author, uses the method of involving virtual leaders. The coordinates of the virtual leaders and also the priority to follow the specific leader are calculated by each agent itself according to specific rules.The following results are presented in the article: the base control rule for solving the formation control problem, its modifications for the cases when the number of agents is greater/less than the size of the target geometric formation structure and also the computer modeling results proving the efficiency of the modified control rules. The specific feature of the control rule, developed by the author, is that each agent itself calculates the virtual leaders and each agent performs dynamic choice of the place within the formation (there is no predefined one-to-one relation between agents and places within the geometric formation structure. The results, provided in this article, can be used in robotics for developing control algorithms for the tasks, which require preserving specific relational positions among the agents while moving. One of the

Towards a consensus-based biokinetic model for green microalgae - The ASM-A.

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Wágner, Dorottya S; Valverde-Pérez, Borja; Sæbø, Mariann; Bregua de la Sotilla, Marta; Van Wagenen, Jonathan; Smets, Barth F; Plósz, Benedek Gy

2016-10-15

Cultivation of microalgae in open ponds and closed photobioreactors (PBRs) using wastewater resources offers an opportunity for biochemical nutrient recovery. Effective reactor system design and process control of PBRs requires process models. Several models with different complexities have been developed to predict microalgal growth. However, none of these models can effectively describe all the relevant processes when microalgal growth is coupled with nutrient removal and recovery from wastewaters. Here, we present a mathematical model developed to simulate green microalgal growth (ASM-A) using the systematic approach of the activated sludge modelling (ASM) framework. The process model - identified based on a literature review and using new experimental data - accounts for factors influencing photoautotrophic and heterotrophic microalgal growth, nutrient uptake and storage (i.e. Droop model) and decay of microalgae. Model parameters were estimated using laboratory-scale batch and sequenced batch experiments using the novel Latin Hypercube Sampling based Simplex (LHSS) method. The model was evaluated using independent data obtained in a 24-L PBR operated in sequenced batch mode. Identifiability of the model was assessed. The model can effectively describe microalgal biomass growth, ammonia and phosphate concentrations as well as the phosphorus storage using a set of average parameter values estimated with the experimental data. A statistical analysis of simulation and measured data suggests that culture history and substrate availability can introduce significant variability on parameter values for predicting the reaction rates for bulk nitrate and the intracellularly stored nitrogen state-variables, thereby requiring scenario specific model calibration. ASM-A was identified using standard cultivation medium and it can provide a platform for extensions accounting for factors influencing algal growth and nutrient storage using wastewater resources. Copyright �

Controvérsias no manejo farmacológico da asma aguda infantil Controversies in the pharmacological management of acute asthma in children

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Sérgio Luís Amantéa

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: apresentar uma revisão acerca de questões controversas, relativas ao manejo farmacológico utilizado nos pacientes pediátricos portadores de asma aguda. Fontes dos dados: foram utilizadas informações de artigos publicados em revistas científicas nacionais e internacionais, selecionadas das bases de dados Lilacs e Medline. Síntese dos dados: o artigo foi estruturado em tópicos, apresentando aspectos consensuais no tratamento farmacológico da asma infantil. Questões relacionadas à utilização de inaladores dosimetrados versus nebulizadores, o papel das drogas ß2-adrenérgicas utilizadas pela via endovenosa, bem como das metilxantinas e do sulfato de magnésio, são abordados de maneira crítica. Conclusões: os ß2-agonistas administrados pela via inalatória, associados aos coricosteróides, permanecem o tratamento de eleição para episódios agudos de asma na população pediátrica. Tanto os nebulizadores quanto os inaladores dosimetrados, acoplados a espaçadores, são efetivos para alívio dos sintomas agudos. Pacientes refratários ao tratamento convencional, que evoluem para quadros de asma aguda grave, devem ter considerada a utilização de drogas ß2-agonistas pela via endovenosa, desde que adequadamente monitorizados. Quanto às metilxantinas e ao sulfato de magnésio, devem ser considerados alternativas secundárias para pacientes selecionados.Objective: to present a review of controversial issues related to the pharmacological management of the treatment of acute asthma in children. Sources: articles published in national and international scientific journals. Data were selected from Lilacs and Medline databases. Summary of the findings: the article was organized into topics, presenting aspects on which there is consensus regarding the pharmacological treatment of asthma in children. Issues related to the use of metered dose inhaler versus nebulizers, the role of ß2-adrenergic drugs administered intravenously

Manejo da asma aguda em adultos na sala de emergência: evidências atuais Management of acute asthma in adults in the emergency room: current evidence

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Paulo de Tarso Roth Dalcin

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Asma é uma doença com uma alta prevalência em nosso meio e ao redor do mundo. Embora novas opções terapêuticas tenham sido recentemente desenvolvidas, parece haver um aumento mundial na sua morbidade e mortalidade. Em muitas instituições, as exacerbações asmáticas ainda se constituem em uma emergência médica muito comum. As evidências têm demonstrado que o manejo da asma aguda na sala de emergência concentra decisões cruciais que podem determinar o desfecho desta situação clínica. Nesta revisão, enfocaremos a avaliação e o tratamento do paciente com asma aguda na sala de emergência, descrevendo uma estratégia apropriada para o seu manejo. Serão consideradas as seguintes etapas: diagnóstico, avaliação da gravidade, tratamento, avaliação das complicações, decisão sobre onde se realizará o tratamento adicional e orientações por ocasião da alta da emergência. Espera-se que estas recomendações contribuam para que o médico clínico tome as decisões apropriadas durante o manejo da asma aguda na sala de emergência.Asthma is a disease with high prevalence in our country and worldwide. Although new therapeutic approaches have been developed recently, there seems to be a global increase in morbidity and mortality from asthma. In many institutions, asthma exacerbation is still a common medical emergency. Clinical evidence demonstrates that management of acute asthma in the emergency room entails crucial decisions that could determine the clinical outcome. In this review, the authors focus on assessment and treatment of patients with acute asthma and outline an appropriate management strategy. Diagnosis, severity assessment, treatment, complications, decision about where additional treatment will take place and orientations on discharge from the emergency will be considered. It is expected that these recommendations will help physicians to make the appropriate decisions about care of acute asthma in the emergency

Is the global rise of asthma an early impact of anthropogenic climate change? Será o crescimento mundial de incidência da asma um impacto antecipado de mudanças climáticas antropogênicas?

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Paul John Beggs

2006-09-01

Full Text Available The increase in asthma incidence, prevalence, and morbidity over recent decades presents a significant challenge to public health. Pollen is an important trigger of some types of asthma, and both pollen quantity and season depend on climatic and meteorological variables. Over the same period as the global rise in asthma, there have been considerable increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and global average surface temperature. We hypothesize anthropogenic climate change as a plausible contributor to the rise in asthma. Greater concentrations of carbon dioxide and higher temperatures may increase pollen quantity and induce longer pollen seasons. Pollen allergenicity can also increase as a result of these changes in climate. Exposure in early life to a more allergenic environment may also provoke the development of other atopic conditions, such as eczema and allergic rhinitis. Although the etiology of asthma is complex, the recent global rise in asthma could be an early health effect of anthropogenic climate change.O crescimento na incidência, prevalência e morbidade da asma durante as recentes décadas representa importante desafio para a saúde pública. Pólen é um importante desencadeador de alguns tipos de asma e tanto a sua quantidade como as especificidades das estações em que eles mais se disseminam dependem de variáveis climáticas e meteorológicas. No mesmo período em que se observa o incremento na incidência da asma houve considerável crescimento de concentração de dióxido de carbono na atmosfera e aumento da média de temperatura da superfície da terra. Nossa hipótese é a de que as mudanças antropogênicas do clima constituem um fator plausível para o incremento da incidência da asma. Maiores concentrações de dióxido de carbono e elevadas temperaturas podem aumentar a quantidade de pólen e induzir o aumento de variações climáticas que facilitam sua dispersão. Alergias a pólen podem aumentar

Elaboración de una guía de práctica clínica de homeopatía para manejo de asma en niños con: Utilización de herramienta adapte 2.0 / Development of clinical practice guidelines for asthma manegement in children using agree 2.0 instrument

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Ferreira R., Sandra Liliana

2011-01-01

El asma es la enfermedad respiratoria crónica más frecuente en pediatría a nivel mundial, la homeopatía es una alternativa muy valiosa para el tratamiento del asma. Dentro de los estándares de calidad establecidos por la ley Colombiana, se establece la obligatoriedad de la creación de guías de práctica clínica para todas las especialidades incluyendo la Homeopatía. En este contexto surge la necesidad de contar con guías de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo del asma en niños en ...

El componente educativo en el abordaje integral del asma bronquial The educational component in an integrated approach to bronchial asthma

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María Paola Fasciglione

2010-04-01

Full Text Available El asma bronquial es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de las vías respiratorias cuya prevalencia está aumentando en el mundo. Actualmente no se dispone de un tratamiento curativo, y el objetivo principal de todo abordaje es el control de la enfermedad y la optimización de la calidad de vida de los pacientes. En este sentido, durante las últimas décadas se han estado implementando y evaluando programas de intervención complementarios a los tratamientos médicos convencionales. Gran parte de éstos consisten en intervenciones educativas o incluyen algún tipo de componente educativo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las características y el impacto de las intervenciones educativas en el asma, a través de: a revisión actualizada sobre los diferentes tipos de intervenciones educativas desarrolladas e implementadas para el asma; b identificación de aspectos comunes a todas estas intervenciones; c análisis de los hallazgos de la investigación referidos a su impacto sobre la salud y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Se concluye que las intervenciones educativas son efectivas para mejorar la salud y la calidad de vida de los pacientes con asma, y para reducir el uso y el costo de recursos sanitarios. Estos hallazgos señalan la importancia de incluir el componente educativo como parte esencial del abordaje integral de esta población clínica. Asimismo, la complejidad inherente al proceso educativo pone de manifiesto la necesidad del trabajo conjunto y complementario entre diferentes profesionales de la salud.Bronchial asthma is an inflammatory chronic disease of the respiratory tract whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. Since there is no curative treatment available, the principal objective of every approach is to control the disease and to improve the quality of life of patients. Over the last few decades, intervention programs supplementing conventional medical treatments have been tested and implemented. The

Efectividad de la fitoterapia en pacientes con asma bronquial The effectiveness of herbal medicine in patients suffering from bronchial asthma

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Margarita García Quiala

2012-02-01

Full Text Available La medicina tradicional y la medicina complementaria y alternativa están adquiriendo más atención dentro del contexto de la provisión de atención sanitaria y la reforma del sector salud. Se han alcanzado importantes logros en cuanto a la efectividad de este procedimiento en los pacientes portadores de asma bronquial. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal con el objetivo de determinar la efectividad de la fitoterapia como uno de los tratamientos de la medicina natural y tradicional en 48 pacientes que padecen asma bronquial, pertenecientes al consultorio médico popular "La Amapola", Petare, del municipio Sucre en el año 2009. Se tuvieron en cuenta la edad, sexo, síntomas y signos presentes al momento del tratamiento, el período o estadio de la enfermedad, efectividad del tratamiento, la evolución y control de la enfermedad después de iniciado el tratamiento, obteniéndose como principales resultados que la mayoría pertenecían al sexo femenino y al grupo de edades de 10-14 años, seguidos de 5-9 años, los síntomas presentes en los pacientes fueron falta de aire y tos, el tratamiento utilizado en los pacientes atendidos por crisis de asma resultó efectivo en todas las variantes usadas, con predominio de la combinación de ajo más orégano más manzanilla; en solo 6-10 días habían mejorado los síntomas y en el transcurso de 3 meses la mayoría no habían presentado otra crisis de asma.An observational, descriptive and longitudinal study aimed at determining the effectiveness of herbal medicine as one of the treatments in Natural and Traditional Medicine for patients that suffered from Bronchial Asthma was conducted at "Amapola" Doctor's Office in Petare, Sucre District during 2009. Venezuela. The sample was chosen by means of a non-probabilistic per convenience sampling; selecting 48 asthmatic patients with inclusion criteria. The variables related to the objectives of the study were: age, sex, symptoms

Instrumentos específicos para avaliar a qualidade de vida em crianças e adolescentes com asma

OpenAIRE

Cristian Roncada; Rita Mattiello; Paulo M. Pitrez; Edgar E. Sarria

2013-01-01

OBJETIVO: Identificar e descrever os instrumentos específicos que avaliam a QVRS de crianças e adolescentes com asma. FONTES DOS DADOS: Realizamos buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, Ovid e LILACS utilizando várias combinações de descritores (MeSH terms), selecionando artigos originais sobre desenvolvimento de questionários específicos de QVRS, publicados em inglês, português ou espanhol, entre 1990 e 2012. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Foram identificados 15 instrumentos que preencheram os critérios de i...

Asma de difícil control en niños y adolescentes: Estrategias diagnóstico-terapéuticas Poorly controlled asthma: diagnosis and therapeutics in children and adolescents

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Hugo Neffen

2012-10-01

Full Text Available El asma es una de las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes en los niños. Si bien la mayoría de los niños con asma responden a bajas dosis de corticoides inhalados y/o antagonistas del receptor de leucotrienos, algunos de ellos permanecen sintomáticos independientemente de cualquier esfuerzo terapéutico, presentando una elevada morbilidad e inclusive mortalidad. Aunque la mayoría de los pacientes controlan los síntomas de forma adecuada, existe un grupo importante que presenta síntomas graves de la enfermedad difíciles de controlar (ADC. El objetivo de la presente revisión es discutir los aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos del ACD en los menores de 18 años y su implicancia en la práctica clínica diaria.Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in children. While most children with asthma respond to low doses of inhaled corticosteroids and /or leukotriene receptor antagonists, some of them remain symptomatic regardless of any therapeutic effort, showing a high morbidity and even mortality. While most of the patients control symptoms adequately, there is a large group with severe symptoms of the disease and difficult to control. The aim of this review is to discuss the clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of poorly controlled asthma in children and adolescents and its implications in daily clinical practice.

Avaliação do grau de controle clínico, espirométrico e da intensidade do processo inflamatório na asma Assessing clinical and spirometric control and the intensity of the inflammatory process in asthma

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Cláudia R. de Andrade

2010-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Revisar o papel da avaliação clínica, da qualidade de vida, da espirometria, do teste de broncoprovocação e dos marcadores inflamatórios na avaliação da asma. FONTES DOS DADOS: Pesquisa nas bases MEDLINE e LILACS. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A avaliação clínica auxilia na avaliação do controle da asma e é amplamente preconizada. No entanto, os pacientes podem apresentar obstrução e inflamação das vias aéreas a despeito da normalidade clínica. A espirometria quantifica o grau de obstrução das vias aéreas e auxilia no diagnóstico, enquanto a broncoprovocação pode ser indicada na suspeita de asma com espirometria normal. Já os marcadores inflamatórios do condensado do ar exalado, do escarro induzido e do lavado broncoalveolar, além dos fragmentos da biópsia brônquica, encontram-se alterados na asma e são métodos complexos, quase sempre restritos às pesquisas. A fração exalada de óxido nítrico (FeNO é elevada nos pacientes com asma, reprodutível e não invasiva, reduzindo-se com o tratamento. O uso da FeNO como auxiliar no ajuste de doses do corticoide inalatório tem sido estudado, mas as vantagens ainda não estão claras. CONCLUSÕES: Vários métodos são necessários para avaliar de forma acurada o controle da asma, e todos têm vantagens e limitações. A avaliação clínico-funcional é útil para o diagnóstico de asma, porém limitada para avaliar de forma precisa a intensidade do processo inflamatório nas vias aéreas. É necessário que mais estudos controlados, randomizados, com adequado poder estatístico sobre a utilidade dos marcadores inflamatórios não invasivos, especialmente a FeNO, no manejo da asma, sejam realizados para determinar sua utilidade clínica.OBJECTIVES: To review the role of clinical assessment, quality of life assessment, spirometry, bronchial responsiveness test and inflammatory markers for asthma assessment. SOURCES: Search run on MEDLINE and LILACS. SUMMARY OF THE

The formation of group norms in computer-mediated communication

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Postmes, T; Spears, R; Lea, M

The formation of group norms in computer-mediated communication (CMC) was examined among students who used e-mail as part of a course. A network analysis of group structures revealed that (a) content and form of communication is normative, group norms defining communication patterns within groups,

Irritantes químicos y prevalencia de asma y bronquitis crónica en los trabajadores de los servicios de limpieza de los establecimientos de salud de la región Puno, Perú

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Uriel Llanqui Gutiérrez

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Estudios realizados en diversas partes del mundo evidencian la presencia de enfermedades respiratorias como asma y bronquitis crónica en trabajadores de los servicios de limpieza hospitalaria, por el uso de productos químicos como cloro y otros irritantes. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de asma y bronquitis en los trabajadores de los servicios de limpieza de los hospitales de la región Puno, Perú, y establecer su asociación con irritantes químicos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con 201 trabajadores (tasa de respuesta 33%. El instrumento fue elaborado tomando en cuenta estudios europeos sobre condiciones de trabajo y estado de salud y, el cuestionario de asma de la European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Se estimaron asociaciones mediante odds ratios (OR. Resultados: Un alto porcentaje de entrevistados (64% reportó exposición a productos químicos. Asma y bronquitis fueron reportados con 18 y 11%, respectivamente. La evaluación estadística no mostró ningún predictor de enfermedades respiratorias; para sibilancias en el pecho OR: 0.72 (IC 95%: 0.18-2.87, ni para bronquitis crónica OR = 1.92 (IC 95%: 0.22-16.75. El género no se evidenció como confusor en este estudio. Conclusión: El estudio mostró ausencia de asociación entre la exposición a sustancias químicas y la presencia de enfermedades respiratorias, en los trabajadores de limpieza de establecimientos de salud; la causa probable sería la alta tasa de rotación de este personal, y el nivel de dilución de las sustancias químicas utilizadas.

Ventilação mecânica não invasiva na crise de asma aguda grave em crianças: níveis de evidências

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Paula de Souza Silva

2015-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade das evidências existentes para embasar diretrizes do emprego da ventilação mecânica não invasiva no manejo da crise de asma aguda grave em crianças não responsivas ao tratamento padrão. Métodos: Busca, seleção e análise de todos os artigos originais sobre asma e ventilação mecânica não invasiva em crianças, publicados até 1º de setembro de 2014, em todos os idiomas, nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus e SciELO, encontrados por meio de busca pelos descritores "asthma", "status asthmaticus", "noninvasive ventilation", "bronchospasm", "continuous positive airway pressure", "child", "infant", "pediatrics", "hypercapnia", "respiratory failure", e das palavras-chave "BIPAP", "CPAP", "bilevel", "acute asthma" e "near fatal asthma". Os artigos foram qualificados segundo os graus de evidências do Sistema GRADE. Resultados: Foram obtidos apenas nove artigos originais. Destes, dois (22% apresentaram nível de evidência A, um (11% apresentou nível de evidência B e seis (67% apresentaram nível de evidência C. Conclusão: Sugere-se que o emprego da ventilação mecânica não invasiva na crise de asma aguda grave em crianças não responsivas ao tratamento padrão é aplicável à maioria desses pacientes, mas as evidências não podem ser consideradas conclusivas, uma vez que pesquisa adicional de alta qualidade provavelmente tenha um impacto modificador na estimativa de efeito.

Caracterización de gestantes con asma bronquial en el barrio "José Félix Ribas" del municipio venezolano de Sucre Characterization of pregnant women with bronchial asthma in "José Félix Ribas" district of the Venezuelan municipality of Sucre

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Bartolo Maldonado de los Reyes

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo de 120 gestantes con asma bronquial en el barrio "José Félix Ribas" del municipio venezolano de Sucre, desde enero hasta diciembre de 2010, con vistas a caracterizarles desde el punto de vista clinicoepidemiológico. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó una planilla de datos y un cuestionario que fue procesado con la versión 6.0 del programa Epi Info. En la casuística primaron las adolescentes (56,6 %, de las cuales, 55,8 % tuvieron contacto de forma activa o pasiva con el humo del cigarrillo y 68,3 % presentaron asma bronquial grado I; asimismo, predominaron los factores desencadenantes (100,0 %, seguidos de los causales (95,8 %, de manera que las características clinicoepidemiológicas de estas embarazadas hacen que el asma bronquial sea un problema de salud para este grupo poblacional.A descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out in 120 pregnant women with bronchial asthma in "José Félix Ribas" district of the Venezuelan municipality of Sucre, from January to December 2010, to characterize them clinically and epidemiologically. For gathering information a data sheet and a questionnaire that was processed with version 6.0 of Epi Info program were used. Adolescents (56.6 % prevailed in the case material, of them 55.8 % had active or passive contact with the cigarette smoke, and 68.3 % presented with grade I of bronchial asthma. Also, trigger factors prevailed (100.0 %, followed by causal factors (95.8 %, so that clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these pregnant women make a health problem of bronchial asthma in this population group.

Uso de terapias não convencionais no manejo da crise aguda de asma refratária

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OLIVEIRA RAQUEL HERMES ROSA; RIBEIRO ALEXANDRE DE OLIVEIRA; AMARANTE GUSTAVO ADOLPHO JUNQUEIRA; TEDDE MIGUEL LIA

2002-01-01

Uma paciente em crise aguda de asma, refratária ao uso de beta2-agonista inalatório e intravenoso, aminofilina intravenosa e corticóide, em ventilação mecânica, foi tratada com métodos terapêuticos não convencionais: broncoscopia, lavado broncoalveolar com N-acetilcisteína e ventilação com halotano. Houve melhora dos parâmetros ventilatórios após o lavado e a resolução do broncoespasmo ocorreu após a anestesia, propiciando a extubação e alta da UTI. É feita uma revisão da literatura sobre o u...

A asma e a DPOC na visão do pneumologista Asthma and COPD according to the pulmonologist

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Hisbello da Silva Campos

2009-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar como o pneumologista vê o impacto da asma e da DPOC na sua clientela, e como ele vem tratando essas doenças. MÉTODOS: Inquérito com 227 pneumologistas participantes do VI Congresso de Asma e II Congressos Brasileiros de DPOC e de Tabagismo, realizados em 2007. RESULTADOS: As respostas dos pneumologistas mostraram que a DPOC é um problema de saúde pública igual ou maior que a asma, e que a DPOC causa inúmeros transtornos para o doente e para seus familiares. Na escolha do dispositivo inalatório, a simplicidade de uso é mais importante que o custo, havendo discreta predileção pelos sistemas Aeroliser® e Diskus®. A associação entre budesonida e formoterol foi a conduta terapêutica mais citada para o tratamento continuado do asmático sintomático, enquanto o brometo de tiotrópio foi o medicamento preferido pela maior parte para o tratamento continuado do portador de DPOC. A escolha do esquema para o tratamento continuado do asmático e do portador de DPOC é especialmente influenciada pela publicação de resultados de ensaios terapêuticos na literatura. CONCLUSÕES: A opinião do pneumologista sobre os temas abordados está de acordo com a literatura especializada.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate how pulmonologists view the impact that asthma and COPD has on their patients, as well as how they treat these diseases. METHODS: Survey including 227 pulmonologists participating in the VI Brazilian Asthma Conference, II Brazilian COPD Conference and II Brazilian Smoking Conference, all of which were held in 2007. RESULTS: According to the answers given by the pulmonologists, COPD is a public health problem of equal or greater importance than asthma, and COPD causes various disruptions in the lives of patients and their family members. When prescribing an inhalation device, pulmonologists feel that simplicity of use is more important than is the cost. There was a slight preference for the Aeroliser® and Diskus® systems. The

Formaldehyde exposure and asthma in children: a systematic review Exposição ao formol e asma em crianças: uma revisão sistemática

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Gerald McGwin Jr.

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Despite multiple published studies regarding the association between formaldehyde exposure and childhood asthma, a consistent association has not been identified. Here we report the results of a systematic review of published literature in order to provide a more comprehensive picture of this relationship. After a literature search, we identified seven studies providing quantitative results regarding the association between formaldehyde exposure and asthma in children. Studies were heterogeneous with respect to the definition of asthma. For each study, an odds ratio (OR and 95% confidence interval (CI for asthma were abstracted from published results or calculated based on the data provided. We used fixed- and random-effects models to calculate pooled ORs and 95% CIs; measures of heterogeneity were also calculated. A fixed-effects model produced an OR of 1.03 (95% CI, 1.021.04, and random effects model produced an OR of 1.17 (95% CI, 1.011.36, both reflecting an increase of 10 mg/m3 of formaldehyde. Both the Q and I2 statistics indicated a moderate amount of heterogeneity. Results indicate a positive association between formaldehyde exposure and childhood asthma. Given the largely cross-sectional nature of the studies underlying this meta-analysis, further well-designed prospective epidemiologic studies are needed.Apesar de múltiplos estudos publicados sobre a associação entre exposição ao formol e asma infantil, uma relação consistente ainda não foi identificada. Nós relacionamos os resultados de revisão de estudos publicados a fim de fornecer uma imagem mais compreensível desta relação. Após pesquisa, foram identificados sete estudos que proviam resultados quantitativos sobre a associação entre a exposição ao formol e a asma infantil. Estudos foram heterogêneos em relação à definição de asma. Para cada estudo, uma razão de chances (RC e 95% de intervalo de confiança (IC para asma foram abstraídos de resultados

Eocene Yegua Formation (Claiborne group) and Jackson group lignite deposits of Texas

Science.gov (United States)

Hook, Robert W.; Warwick, Peter D.; Swanson, Sharon M.; Hackley, Paul C.; Warwick, Peter D.; Karlsen, Alexander K.; Merrill, Matthew D.; Valentine, Brett J.

2011-01-01

The lignite deposits within the upper Eocene Yegua Formation (Claiborne Group) and the overlying Jackson Group are among the coal resources that were not quantitatively assessed as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Coal Resource Assessment (NCRA) program in the Gulf Coastal Plain coal province. In the past, these lignite-bearing stratigraphic units often have been evaluated together because of their geographic and stratigraphic proximity (Fisher, 1963; Kaiser, 1974; Kaiser et al., 1980; Jackson and Garner, 1982; Kaiser, 1996) (Figures 1, 2). The term “Yegua-Jackson trend“ is used informally herein for the lignite-bearing outcrops of these Late Eocene deposits in Texas. Lignite beds in the Yegua-Jackson trend generally are higher both in ash yield and sulfur content than those of the underlying Wilcox Group (Figure 2). Recent studies (Senkayi et al., 1987; Ruppert et al., 1994; Warwick et al., 1996, 1997) have shown that some lignite beds within the Yegua-Jackson trend contain partings of volcanic ash and host elevated levels of trace elements that have been identified as potentially hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in the United States Clean Air Amendments of 1990. Lignite beds within the Yegua Formation are thin (less than or equal to 6 ft) and laterally discontinuous in comparison with most Wilcox Group deposits (Ayers, 1989a); in contrast, the Jackson Group lignite beds range up to 12 ft in total thickness and are relatively continuous laterally, extending nearly 32 mi along strike.

Infecção na modulaçâo da asma The role of infection in asthma

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J Pinto Mendes

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Faz -se uma revisão da influência das infecções no aparecimento e na clínica da asma brônquica. Dá -se o relevo que merece à intervenção virusal, sobretudo ao rinovírus, pela sua influência nas exacerbações, e ao vírus sincicial respiratório, sobre o qual recai a suspeita de poder ser causa determinante no aparecimento da síndroma asmática. Tentam-se esclarecer os mecanismos da resposta imune à agressão virusal em função das debilidades da resposta do asmático e do atópico, sobretudo no período perinatal, salientando -se, ainda, um efeito de potenciação da agressão virusal sobre a resposta atópica. Aborda -se a hipótese higiénica e a sua falta de consistência científica, pelo menos no papel que pretende atribuir a um não demonstrado antagonismo das respostas linfocitárias Th1 e Th2, apontando -se a importância actual da investigação, não das bactérias mas dos produtos bacterianos, como as endotoxinas, na modulação da asma e da atopia, dando -se relevo aos estudos que, a partir deste modelo, demonstram uma influência do ambiente na secreção génica e, consequentemente, no fenótipo. Invocam -se, nas entrelinhas, vários mecanismos que podem explicar a asma neutrofílica que, para muitos, é um paradoxo perante o consagrado domínio do eosinófilo na inflamação asmática.This paper reviews the impact of infections on the onset and clinical course of bronchial asthma. A just emphasis is given to the role viral infections, particularly rhinovirus infections, play in exacerbations, and that played by respiratory syncytial virus, suspected of triggering the asthmatic syndrome. The mechanisms of the immune response to virus attacks are explained, highlighting the asthmatic and allergic patient’s weakened response, particularly in the perinatal period. Further stressed is a potentiating effect of viral aggression on the allergic response. The hygiene hypothesis and its lack of scientific consistency is

ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE A FRAÇÃO EXALADA DE ÓXIDO NÍTRICO E DADOS DA ESPIROMETRIA E O CONTROLE CLÍNICO DA ASMA EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES

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Luanda Dias da Silva Salviano

2018-01-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre os valores da fração exalada de óxido nítrico (FeNO e do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1 e o grau de controle da asma, segundo proposta do Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA, em crianças e adolescentes asmáticos atendidos no Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz(IFF/FIOCRUZ. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com revisão de prontuários de 90 asmáticos entre 7 e17 anos de idade, acompanhados no Ambulatório de Asma do IFF/FIOCRUZ e encaminhados ao setor de Prova de Função Respiratória (PFR entre março de 2013 e setembro de 2014. Após classificação segundo o GINA, os pacientes realizaram espirometria completa e medida da FeNO. Posteriormente, foram separados em dois grupos: em uso regular e não regular de corticosteroide inalatório (CI, independentemente do padrão ventilatório na espirometria. Resultados: Observou-se associação entre os valores de VEF1 e o grau de controle da asma segundo o GINA (p=0,001 em todos os pacientes analisados, independentemente do uso de CI, mas não houve associação entre os valores de VEF1 e os níveis da FeNO. Conclusões: A correlação observada entre o GINA e o VEF1 reforça a importância da espirometria no seguimento clínico desses pacientes. Embora não tenha sido detectada associação entre o valor da FeNO e o grau de controle da asma e o VEF1,a FeNO pode constituir um método precoce para detectar inflamação nas vias aéreas, antes mesmo dos sintomas e das alterações espirométricas.

Doenças inflamatórias alérgicas das vias aéreas superiores e suas implicações na asma brônquica – A propósito de um caso clínico

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Ana L. Fonseca

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Os autores apresentam o caso clínico de uma doente referenciada à consulta de alergologia respiratória por “asma de difícil controlo”. A investigação clínica conduziu à identificação de patologia inflamatória crónica das vias aéreas superiores de carácter grave, como factor de agravamento da asma brônquica. Após terapêutica, que no referido caso implicou abordagem cirúrgica dos seios perinasais, houve melhoria franca do controlo da asma. A propósito do caso, é efectuada uma revisão das principais patologias inflamatórias alérgicas das vias aéreas superiores (rinite, sinusite e polipose nasal e abordadas as suas principais implicações no controlo da asma brônquica.Rev Port Pneumol 2006; XII (5: 563-580 Abstract: The authors present a case report of a patient refered to physician for “difficult-to-treat asthma”. Clinical evaluation concluded that severe chronic inflammatory upper airway disease was an asthma worsening factor. Patient demonstrated improvement in asthma control, after surgery.In the context of the clinical study, the authors present a review of the most common allergic inflammatory diseases of the upper airways (allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis and reflect on their impact on asthma.Rev Port Pneumol 2006; XII (5: 563-580 Palavras-chave: Asma brônquica, rinite alérgica, sinusite crónica, polipose nasal, Key-words: Asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyposis

An Ontology Engineering Approach to the Realization of Theory-Driven Group Formation

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Isotani, Seiji; Inaba, Akiko; Ikeda, Mitsuru; Mizoguchi, Riichiro

2009-01-01

One of the main difficulties during the design of collaborative learning activities is adequate group formation. In any type of collaboration, group formation plays a critical role in the learners' acceptance of group activities, as well as the success of the collaborative learning process. Nevertheless, to propose both an effective and…

Group Supervision in Psychotherapy. Main Findings from a Swedish Research Project on Psychotherapy Supervision in a Group Format

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Ogren, Marie-Louise; Sundin, Eva C.

2009-01-01

Psychotherapy supervision is considered crucial for psychotherapists in training. During the last decades, group supervision has been a frequently used format in many countries. Until recently, very few studies had evaluated the small-group format for training of beginner psychotherapists and psychotherapy supervisors. This article aims to…

Tratamiento y seguimiento de adultos con asma bronquial en las clínicas de la capital de Namibia Treatment and follow-up of adults with bronchial asthma in the clinics from the capital of Namibia

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Elizabeth Oller Legrá

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 196 pacientes con asma bronquial, atendidos durante el 2007 en las clínicas de Katutura (Namibia, para determinar algunos aspectos biomédicos y sociales relacionados con esa afección en los integrantes de la casuística. En la serie predominaron el sexo femenino, los grupos etarios de 25 a 44 años, el esquema terapéutico basado en broncodilatadores y esteroides, así como la ausencia de una terapia higienoambiental y rehabilitadora. De igual manera, no hubo seguimiento clínico y tratamiento adecuados según el grado de asma bronquial existente y las acciones de promoción de salud resultaron escasas.A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 196 patients with bronchial asthma was carried out. They were assisted in the clinics of Katutura (Namibia, during 2007 in order to determine some social and biomedical aspects related to this disorder in the members of the case material. In the series prevailed the female sex, the age groups from 25 to 44 years old, the therapeutical outline based on bronchodilators and steroids, as well as the lack of a rehabilitation and hygiene-environmental therapy. Similarly, there was neither appropriate clinical follow-up nor treatment according to the degree of existing bronchial asthma and there were just a few health promotion actions.

Identification of lines of electric lines of three-phase distribution networks in the composition of ASMAE

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Omorov Turatbek

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The problem of protection of a three-phase four-wire distribution network (DEN with a voltage of 0.4 kV from the interruption of electric power lines is considered. On the basis of the analysis of the values of complex resistances of interpersonal sections of the main line of the network, criteria are proposed that allow detecting critical situations associated with discontinuities in power transmission lines. Using these criteria makes it possible to localize the places of breaks of phase and neutral wires. Mathematical models and methods that are used to evaluate the complex resistances of interpersonal sections of a three-phase network are briefly considered. The obtained results are oriented for use in the automated system of electricity control and accounting (ASMAE.

Glucocorticoids in the treatment of asthma in children Los glucocorticoides en el tratamiento del asma en pediatría

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Olga Francisca Salazar Blanco

1998-04-01

Full Text Available Today, asthma is considered an inflammatory disease; steroids could be the drugs of choice for its treatment since they work at different points of the asthmatic reaction, decreasing the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and inhibiting the production of some of them and the release of citokines and other proinflammatory agents; they also diminish mucus secretion in the submucosal glands, improve the response of B2 receptors to bronchodilators and reduce vascular permeability. These and other actions manifest themselves in clinical improvement, less frequent acute crises, hospitalizations and consultations, and lesser deterioration of pulmonary function. Though inhaled corticosteroids are safe and effective drugs in children, they must be used at minimal doses and during the shortest time required by patients. Inadequate use of systemic corticosteroids, either oral or parenteral, can have undesirable effects, some of them irreversible. Corticosteroids neither cure asthma nor reduce its mortality; that is the reason for the active search of other substances or strategies to reduce or block the inflammatory process or the disease itself. El asma se considera hoy una enfermedad inflamatoria para la cual los esteroides podrían ser fármacos de primera elección. Ellos actúan en diferentes puntos de la reacción asmática, disminuyen el infiltrado de células inflamatorias e inhiben la producción de algunas de ellas, así como la liberación de citoquinas y agentes proinflamatorios; reducen la secreción de moco en las glándulas submucosas, mejoran la respuesta de los receptores 82 a los broncodilatadores y controlan la permeabilidad vascular; éstas y otras acciones se traducen en una mejoría clínica de los pacientes que sufren crisis agudas, en disminución del número de hospitalizaciones y consultas y, a largo plazo, en un menor deterioro de la función pulmonar. Los esteroides por vía inhalatoria para el tratamiento del asma son f

Inhibidor del factor de agregación plaquetaria como terapia coadyuvante en pacientes con asma esteroideo-dependiente, 2001

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Luis Velásquez

2001-04-01

Full Text Available

El asma es un desorden inflamatorio crónico de las vías aéreas que causa episodios recurrentes de sibilancias, disnea, opresión torácica y tos. Es una de las condiciones patológicas más frecuentes en la población general. Representa una entidad de alto costo no sólo por los días de incapacidad laboral y estudiantil que genera, sino también para el sistema actual de salud. A pesar de esto es una enfermedad poco entendida y cuyo tratamiento dista mucho de ser ideal.

Broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício em crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico de asma

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Cassol,Vitor E.; Trevisan,Maria E.; Moraes,Eliane Z. C. de; Portela,Luiz O. C.; Barreto,Sérgio Saldanha Menna

2004-01-01

INTRODUÇÃO: A broncoconstrição temporária após o exercício físico tem elevada prevalência em crianças e adolescentes asmáticos. OBJETIVO: Determinar a freqüência e gravidade do broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício em crianças e adolescentes, com diagnóstico clínico de asma leve, moderada e grave. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, tipo transversal, não controlado. A amostra constituiu-se de 40 indivíduos asmáticos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 7 e 18 anos, que não utilizavam r...

Epigenetics in asthma Epigenética en asma

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Luis Caraballo

2009-11-01

="EN-US">genes, respectively.

Smoking, bacterial and viral infections, maternal diet and environmental pollution are also factors that trigger epigenetic processes such as histone acetylation and induction of inflammatory cytokines, inactivation of histone deacetytransferases, polarization of the immune response toward the Th2 type and increased production of IgE and cytokines of this profile. We review the epigenetic effects resulting from therapy with corticosteroids and theophylline, and other factors that might influence the risk of asthma in childhood such as maternal intake of fruits, vegetables, fish oils, vitamins, minerals, and the use of probiotics and antibiotics during pregnancy.

Factores que determinan el mal pronóstico y la exacerbación del asma en niños que asisten a consulta de alergología pediátrica Factors determining the poor prognosis and asthma exacerbation in children seen in the pediatric allergy service

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Alain R. Rodríguez-Orozco

2007-03-01

Full Text Available El asma es una de las enfermedades de mayor impacto en la práctica pediátrica. Este es un estudio descriptivo, transversal que se realizó con el objetivo de identificar los factores que determinan la exacerbación y el mal pronóstico del asma bronquial en los niños. Se estudiaron 45 pacientes con diagnóstico de asma bronquial. Las crisis se presentaron en el hogar en el 76 % y en el 24 %, en la escuela. Los desencadenantes de las crisis agudas de asma bronquial fueron: el ejercicio (73 %, las infecciones respiratorias (57 % y la rinitis (55 %. Los factores de mal pronóstico más frecuentemente encontrados fueron: rinorrea sin catarro (60 %, sexo masculino (51 %, 3 o más episodios de sibilancias en los 6 meses previos (42 % y asma en los padres (37 %. La presencia de las exacerbaciones y los criterios de mal pronóstico repercuten en el control y en la calidad de vida del niño asmático y deben detectarse en la consulta de atención primaria.Asthma is one of the diseases with a greater impact on pediatric practice. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was undertaken to identify those factors determining the exacerbation and poor prognosis of bronchial asthma in children. Forty five patients with diagnosis of bronchial asthma were studied. The crises were developed at home in 76 % and at school in 24 % of the children. Triggering causes of acute crises of bronchial asthma were: exercise (73 %, respiratory infections (57 %, and rhinitis (55 %. The factors of poor prognosis most frequently found were: rhinorrhea without cold (60 %, male sex (51%, three or more episodes of wheezes in previous months (42 %, and asthma in parents (37 %. The presence of exacerbations and the criteria of poor prognosis influence on the control and quality of life of the asthmatic children, and they should be detected at the primary care level.

Stepfamily Education: Benefits of a Group-Formatted Intervention

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Skogrand, Linda; Torres, Eliza; Higginbotham, Brian J.

2010-01-01

This program evaluation was conducted by interviewing 40 low-income participants in a relationship education (RE) program for stepfamilies to determine specific benefits of a group-formatted intervention. The benefits that were most often identified were learning from others and having personal stepfamily challenges normalized. Participants also…

A nitrous acid biosynthetic pathway for diazo group formation in bacteria.

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Sugai, Yoshinori; Katsuyama, Yohei; Ohnishi, Yasuo

2016-02-01

Although some diazo compounds have bioactivities of medicinal interest, little is known about diazo group formation in nature. Here we describe an unprecedented nitrous acid biosynthetic pathway responsible for the formation of a diazo group in the biosynthesis of the ortho-diazoquinone secondary metabolite cremeomycin in Streptomyces cremeus. This finding provides important insights into the biosynthetic pathways not only for diazo compounds but also for other naturally occurring compounds containing nitrogen-nitrogen bonds.

Vías de administración de los corticosteroides en pacientes con crisis moderada de asma Ways of administration of corticosteroids in moderate asthma crisis

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Carlos Dotres Martínez

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: identificar las diferencias entre la administración de corticosteroides sistémicos parenterales y orales en el tratamiento de la crisis moderada de asma bronquial y el costo de su aplicación. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y aplicado, realizado en 105 pacientes asmáticos que acudieron al hospital pediátrico "Juan Manuel Márquez", entre el 1 de septiembre de 2009 y el 31 de mayo de 2011. Se organizaron tres grupos: grupo A, se administró hidrocortisona vía intramuscular; grupo B, metilprednisolona intramuscular y grupo C, prednisona oral. La selección y ubicación de los pacientes en los grupos fue al azar. Resultados: la duración de la crisis según vía de administración del corticosteroide fue de 1 a 3 días en 26 (74,3 % pacientes del grupo A, 24 (68,6 % asmáticos en el grupo B y 32 (91,4 % enfermos en el grupo C. La evolución de la crisis, con respecto a los días de dificultad respiratoria y la duración de la tos nocturna, tuvieron un comportamiento similar en los tres grupos. El costo del corticosteroide sistémico en el grupo A fue 13 veces superior al del grupo C y en el grupo B, fue 35 veces más que el del grupo C. Conclusiones: los corticoesteroides orales e intramusculares tienen la misma respuesta con respecto a la mejoría de los síntomas en pacientes con crisis moderada de asma bronquial. El uso del fármaco por vía oral conlleva un ahorro sustancial para el país y evita los efectos indeseables de la vía intramuscular.Objective: to determine the differences between the parenteral and the oral administration of systemic corticosteroids in moderate asthma crisis and the cost. Method: prospective and descriptive study performed in 105 patients, who presented with a moderate asthma crisis at "Juan Manuel Marquez" pediatric hospital from September 1, 2009 through May 31st, 2011. The patients were randomly selected and assigned to one of the following groups: Group A was given hydrocortisone

Tratamiento del episodio agudo de asma bronquial en los servicios de urgencias pediátricos: Guía clínica práctica Treatment of the acute episode of bronchial asthma at the pediatric emergency services: Practical clinical guide

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Roberto Razón Behar

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Por lo general, no existe una sistematización para clasificar y tratar el episodio agudo de asma bronquial ni para evaluar la evolución de los pacientes. Se realizó un estudio en 142 pacientes de 6 a 15 años de edad, que presentaron episodios agudos de asma bronquial y acudieron a los servicios de urgencias de los Hospitales Pediátricos «William Soler» y «Leonor Pérez», y del Policlínico «Federico Capdevila». A estos pacientes se les aplicó una guía clínica práctica, que incluyó la clasificación de la severidad del episodio agudo y un esquema de tratamiento, basado en la utilización de oxígeno, broncodilatadores inhalados y esteroides orales. Durante el tratamiento, los pacientes se evaluaron con periodicidad. La respuesta al tratamiento fue buena en la mayoría de los casos y el resultado final fue el egreso domiciliario. Ocho de los pacientes requirieron ingreso hospitalario por respuestas al tratamiento incompletas o pobres. La atención del episodio agudo de asma bronquial puede mejorarse con el uso de guías clínicas prácticas de diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Prevalência de sintomas de asma e fatores de risco associados em adolescentes escolares de 13 e 14 anos dos municípios de Tubarão e Capivari de Baixo, Santa Catarina, Brasil Prevalence of asthma symptoms and risk factors among adolescents in Tubarão and Capivari de Baixo, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

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Daiane Breda

2009-11-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi medir a prevalência, a gravidade dos sintomas de asma e investigar fatores de risco associados entre a presença de chiado nos últimos 12 meses (asma atual e fatores pessoais, geográficos e sócio-econômicos em adolescentes escolares de 13 e 14 anos matriculados em sétimas e oitavas séries dos municípios de Tubarão e Capivari de Baixo, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Este é um estudo transversal que utilizou o questionário ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, aplicado em 1.870 adolescentes de 42 escolas dos dois municípios, entre os meses de março a maio de 2005. A prevalência de asma atual foi de 11,8% e de asma "alguma vez na vida" foi 7,8%. A prevalência de despertar uma ou mais noites na semana foi de 2,1%; 8,1% tiveram 1-3 crises de chiado nos últimos 12 meses e 3,7% apresentaram limitação da fala. Na análise multivariada sexo feminino, história familiar, pai e mãe com asma, moradia alugada e fumante dentro de casa foram fatores de risco para asma atual. A prevalência de asma atual e a gravidade dos sintomas foram comparativamente menores em relação ao encontrado em outros estudos brasileiros.This study aimed to measure the prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms and to investigate the association between asthma symptoms and personal, geographic, and socioeconomic variables in 13-14-year-old schoolchildren enrolled in the 7th and 8th grades in Tubarão and Capivari de Baixo, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study using the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood written questionnaire, applied to 1,870 adolescents enrolled in 42 schools in the two cities, from March to May 2005. Prevalence of current asthma (defined as wheezing in the previous 12 months was 11.8%, and there was a 7.8% lifetime prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma. Prevalence of wheezing that interrupted sleep (one or more nights per week was 2.1%; 8

Uso de terapias não convencionais no manejo da crise aguda de asma refratária Non-conventional therapies to manage refractory acute asthma attack

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RAQUEL HERMES ROSA OLIVEIRA

2002-09-01

Full Text Available Uma paciente em crise aguda de asma, refratária ao uso de beta2-agonista inalatório e intravenoso, aminofilina intravenosa e corticóide, em ventilação mecânica, foi tratada com métodos terapêuticos não convencionais: broncoscopia, lavado broncoalveolar com N-acetilcisteína e ventilação com halotano. Houve melhora dos parâmetros ventilatórios após o lavado e a resolução do broncoespasmo ocorreu após a anestesia, propiciando a extubação e alta da UTI. É feita uma revisão da literatura sobre o uso desses métodos na crise aguda de asma.A patient with an acute asthma attack refractory to inhaled and intravenous beta2-agonist, aminophylline and corticosteroids was submitted to mechanical ventilation and treated with non-conventional therapies: bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage using N-acetylcysteine and halothane inhalation. The ventilatory parameters improved after lavage, however, bronchospasm resolution occurred only after anesthesia which was followed by extubation and discharge from the ICU. A review of the use of these non-conventional therapeutic modalities for the management of acute asthma attack is presented.

Estrategia de intervención para la monitorización y reducción de las crisis de asma bronquial aplicando un sistema de alerta temprana Intervention strategy for monitoring and reduction of bronchial asthma crises applying an early alert system

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Tatiana de la Vega Pazitková

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el asma es una enfermedad psicosomática que constituye un importante problema de salud mundial. El clima y el tiempo influyen sobre la salud humana. Es conocida la influencia de los factores ambientales en la aparición de las crisis agudas de asma bronquial. Objetivo: diseñar una estrategia de intervención comunitaria, sobre la base de la asociación del asma con los cambios meteorotrópicos, con el fin de alertar, tempranamente, de la posibilidad de desencadenamiento de las manifestaciones clínicas, mitigarlas y reducir las crisis de asma. Métodos: se diseñó un plan de acción que incluye a médicos, los pacientes y sus tutores que acudieron al servicio de urgencia del policlínico "Ana Betancourt", y sus consultorios médicos, durante el año 2010. Todos se adiestraron en la interpretación y procesamiento del modelo de pronóstico biometeorológico, cuyos resultados alertará sobre su accionar diario ante los riesgos meteorotrópicos. Resultados: se propone una estrategia de intervención comunitaria, con el fin de reducir, en al menos 20 %, el número de pacientes con crisis de asma, y su gravedad. Conclusiones: los factores ambientales influyen en la aparición de las crisis agudas de asma bronquial. Las condiciones de hiperoxia o aumento de la densidad parcial de oxígeno en el aire son predecibles, y se puede alertar, oportunamente, a las autoridades de salud sobre su ocurrencia, lo que permite ejecutar planes de acción y medidas profiláctico preventivas que minimicen los impactos desfavorables de los cambios de tiempo anunciados.Introduction: asthma is a psychosomatic disease becomes important health problem at world scale. The climate and time influenced on the human health. It is known the influence of environmental factors on the appearance of acute crises of bronchial asthma. Objective: to design a community intervention strategy based on the association of asthma with the meteorotropic changes to alert early

Asociación entre atopia, asma alérgica y anticuerpos IgE específicos para Áscaris en un grupo de niños de una ciudad de la costa norte colombiana

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Dary Luz Mendoza Meza

2008-01-01

Conclusiones: Este resultado puede ser explicado por la presencia de reactividad cruzada entre los antígenos de Dpt y As. No se encontró asociación estadística entre la sensibilización a Dpt ó As y la severidad del asma.

A New Group-Formation Method for Student Projects

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Borges, Jose; Dias, Teresa Galvao; Cunha, Joao Falcao E.

2009-01-01

In BSc/MSc engineering programmes at Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), the need to provide students with teamwork experiences close to a real world environment was identified as an important issue. A new group-formation method that aims to provide an enriching teamwork experience is proposed. Students are asked to answer a…

solving the cell formation problem in group technology

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Prafulla Joglekar

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Over the last three decades, numerous algorithms have been proposed to solve the work-cell formation problem. For practicing manufacturing managers it would be nice to know as to which algorithm would be most effective and efficient for their specific situation. While several studies have attempted to fulfill this need, most have not resulted in any definitive recommendations and a better methodology of evaluation of cell formation algorithms is urgently needed. Prima facie, the methodology underlying Miltenburg and Zhang's (M&Z (1991 evaluation of nine well-known cell formation algorithms seems very promising. The primary performance measure proposed by M&Z effectively captures the objectives of a good solution to a cell formation problem and is worthy of use in future studies. Unfortunately, a critical review of M&Z's methodology also reveals certain important flaws in M&Z's methodology. For example, M&Z may not have duplicated each algorithm precisely as the developer(s of that algorithm intended. Second, M&Z's misrepresent Chandrasekharan and Rajagopalan's [C&R's] (1986 grouping efficiency measure. Third, M&Z's secondary performance measures lead them to unnecessarily ambivalent results. Fourth, several of M&Z's empirical conclusions can be theoretically deduced. It is hoped that future evaluations of cell formation algorithms will benefit from both the strengths and weaknesses of M&Z's work.

Consumo de alimentos y asma en niños escolares de Cuernavaca Food consumption and asthma in school children in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

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Rosa Inés Gutiérrez-Delgado

2009-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO:Evaluar la relación entre la dieta y el desarrollo de asma y rinitis alérgica en escolares de Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se aplicó el cuestionario ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood a 5 460 niños de entre 6 a 8 y 11 a 14 años de edad, de nivel primaria, seleccionados de manera aleatoria. Se formaron seis grupos de alimentos a partir de un análisis de clusters jerárquico y se evaluó la relación con los padecimientos a través de modelos de regresión logística. RESULTADOS:El consumo de comida rápida tuvo un efecto adverso sobre la sibilancia actual (RM=1.82; IC95%=1.16-2.87 y el consumo de golosinas sobre más de tres episodios de sibilancia (RM=2.26; IC95%=1.04-4.95 y síntomas nasales sin gripa o catarro (RM=1.35; IC95%=1.06-1.71. CONCLUSIONES:Este estudio provee evidencia de que la dieta juega un papel muy importante, ya que el consumo abundante de comida rápida y golosinas incrementa el riesgo de asma y rinitis.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the relation between diet and the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis in schoolchildren from Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS:We apply the ISAAC's questionnaire in 5460 schoolchildren from 6 to 8 and 11-14-year-old of elementary level selected in random form. Six groups of food were formed using a hierarchic clusters analysis and the association was evaluated using logistic regression models. RESULTS:The consumption of fast food had an adverse effect for current wheezing (OR=1.82; CI95%=1.16-2.87 and the consumption of tidbits for more than three episodes of wheezing (OR=2.26; CI95%=1.04-4.95 and nasal symptoms without cold, OR=1.35 (IC95%;1.06-1.71. CONCLUSIONS:This study provides evidence that the diet plays a very important role since the high consumption of fast food and tidbits increased the risk of asthma and rhinitis symptoms.

Nifedipine Asma y Nifedipina: estudio comparativo del efecto profiláctivo de la Nifedipina frente al Ketotifeno y placebo en Asma Alérgica Infantil

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Fernando Montoya

1988-02-01

Full Text Available

Between July 1984 and December 1986 a double blind randomized study was conducted at the Allergy Clinic of the Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Medellín, Colombia, in order to compare the effects of Nifedipine, Ketotifen and placebo on allergic asthma in children; each drug and the placebo were administered orally every 12 hours for a period of 4 months to a group of 20 children. The objective was to evaluate the usefulness of Nifedipine In the prophylactic management of allergic asthma in this population and to compare it with Ketotifen, a provenly efficacious drug, and placebo.

AII patients were older than 5 years and had suffered the disease for more than 2 years. Nifedipine treated patients showed a reduction In the frequency of their asthmatic crisis (17 patients; 85% and in their intensity and duration (16 patients; 80%; a similar reduction was observed In the need for bronchodilators; 18 patients {90% reported beneficial effects with this drug and medical evaluation confirmed Improvement In 14 {70%.

These results resembled those obtained with Ketotifen and both were statistically superior to placebo {p<0.05. Pulmonary function tests, pulse rate and blood pressure did not show any significant changes. Secondary effects were minimal and self-Limited.

It is concluded that Nifedipine can be an alternative drug for the treatment of mild to moderate allergic asthma In children. If calcium antagonists with higher

Meteorological Support Interface Control Working Group (MSICWG) Instrumentation, Data Format, and Networks Document

Science.gov (United States)

Brenton, James; Roberts, Barry C.

2017-01-01

The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of instrumentation discussed at the Meteorological Interface Control Working Group (MSICWG), a reference for data formats currently used by members of the group, a summary of proposed formats for future use by the group, an overview of the data networks of the group's members. This document will be updated as new systems are introduced, old systems are retired, and when the MSICWG community necessitates a change to the formats. The MSICWG consists of personnel from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center (KSC), NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service Spaceflight Meteorology Group (SMG), and the United States Air Force (USAF) 45th Space Wing and Weather Squadron. The purpose of the group is to coordinate the distribution of weather related data to support NASA space launch related activities.

Asma na gestação: efeitos na vitalidade fetal, complicações maternas e perinatais Asthma during pregnancy: effects on fetal well-being, and maternal and perinatal complications

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Renata Franco Pimentel Mendes

2013-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da asma materna sobre a gravidez, analisando as repercussões da gravidade da doença no comprometimento do bem-estar fetal, bem como as complicações maternas e perinatais associadas. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo de 117 gestações complicadas pela asma materna e sem outras comorbidades, no período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2010. Os critérios de inclusão foram: gestação única; diagnóstico de asma prévio à gestação; início do pré-natal antes da 28ª semana de gravidez; parto realizado na instituição; peso do recém-nascido acima de 500g e idade gestacional no parto acima de 22 semanas; ausência de malformações fetais ou anomalias cromossômicas; ausência de comorbidades maternas. A gravidade da asma foi classificada em intermitente, persistente leve, persistente moderada, persistente grave. Foram analisados os resultados do perfil biofísico fetal e da dopplervelocimetria de artéria umbilical realizados até 14 dias antes do parto. RESULTADOS: Do total de 117 gestantes asmáticas analisadas: 41 (35,0% eram intermitentes, 33 (28,2% persistentes leves, 21 (17,9% persistentes moderadas e 22 (18,8% persistentes graves. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos quanto ao tipo de parto: a cesárea foi realizada em 65,8% dos casos, a corticoterapia materna no momento do parto em 20,5%, a idade gestacional no parto apresentou média de 38,6 semanas (DP 1,9 semanas e o peso ao nascimento apresentou média de 3056 g (DP 581 g. O perfil biofísico fetal realizado no período anteparto (n = 90, 76,9% apresentou resultado normal (8 ou 10 em 99% dos casos. A dopplervelocimetria de artéria umbilical foi avaliada em 23,9% (n = 28 das gestantes, e apresentou-se normal em 100% dos casos. O uso de corticoterapia sistêmica foi significativamente (pOBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of maternal asthma on pregnancy, analyzing the consequences of the severity of the disease in the

Factores de riesgo de asma bronquial en niños y su relación con la severidad de las manifestaciones clínicas Risk factors of bronchial asthma in children and its relation to severity of clinical manifestations

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Tatiana de la Vega Pazitková

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el asma bronquial es una enfermedad psicosomática que constituye un importante problema de salud mundial. La prevalencia estimada en Cuba es de 8,2 %. La identificación y el control de los factores de riesgo constituyen un pilar importante en el manejo de esta entidad. Objetivos: establecer la relación entre algunos de los factores de riesgo de asma bronquial y la severidad de las manifestaciones clínicas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, que incluyó la totalidad de los niños menores de 15 años de edad, diagnosticados como asmáticos, pertenecientes a cinco consultorios médicos del policlínico "Ana Betancourt" cuya cifra asciende a 76 pacientes, durante el período de abril de 2007 a marzo de 2008. Resultados: Los niños se agruparon según la clasificación Global Initiative for Asthma 2007 en leve intermitente:15, leve persistente:19, moderado persistente:28 y severos:14. El total de los pacientes estudiados tenía antecedentes familiares de atopia y desencadenaban las crisis de asma con los cambios climáticos. El 95 % fue sensible a inhalantes respiratorios. En el 64 % de los hogares se detectó la presencia de fumadores. Solo el 36 % de los pacientes cumplía parcialmente el tratamiento intercrisis. Conclusiones: existe relación directa entre la severidad de las manifestaciones clínicas del asma bronquial y el número de factores de riesgo que la condicionan.Introduction: bronchial asthma is a psychosomatic disease that is a significant problem of world health. In Cuba its prevalence is of 8.2 %. Its identification and the risk factor control are a very essential base in management of this entity. Objectives: to establish the relation among some risk factors of bronchial asthma and the severity of clinical manifestations. Methods: a cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted including all children aged under 15, diagnosed with asthma seen in 5 consulting rooms of "Ana

Acritarchs of the Ediacaran Frecheirinha Formation, Ubajara Group, Northeastern Brazil

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Leticia Chiglino

2015-06-01

Full Text Available We report for the first time the occurrence of organic-walled microfossils in Ediacaran limestones and marls of the Frecheirinha Formation, Ubajara Group, and the first Precambrian acritarchs so far reported for northeastern Brazil. The assemblage of the Frecheirinha Formation represents a low-diversity microflora comprising Leiosphaeridia, Lophosphaeridium and subordinated Bavlinella (=Sphaerocongregus. Their thermal alteration index (TAI between 4+ and 5, suggests metamorphic temperatures exceeding 200-250°C. Higher temperatures are probably related to intruding granitic plutons (Meruoca, Mucambo. Reported δ13C values of carbonates of -3.5 ‰ VPDB (Vienna-Peedee Belemnite at the base, passing up section into a positive plateau of up to +3.7 ‰, and corresponding 87Sr/86Sr values between 0.7075 and 0.7080 suggest an Ediacaran age. The acritarch assemblage is comparable to the Late Ediacaran Leiosphere Palynoflora (LELP or Kotlin-Rovno assemblage, in broad agreement with chemostratigraphic data. Macrofossils belonging to the Ediacara fauna were reported from the overlying Jaibaras Group, which would constrain even further the depositional age of the Frecheirinha Formation to within ca. 575-555 Ma. A more comprehensive palynological study of the Frecheirinha Formation is necessary to confirm this age assignment.

Refluxo gastroesofágico e asma na infância: um estudo de sua relação através de monitoramento do pH esofágico Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma in childhood: a study on their relationship using esophageal PH monitoring

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Beatriz C. Teixeira

2007-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a prevalência do refluxo gastroesofágico em crianças com asma e avaliar se o índice de refluxo tem uma boa sensibilidade e especificidade para o diagnóstico de refluxo gastroesofágico. MÉTODOS: Foram estudadas 69 crianças de 1 a 5 anos, com asma, através do exame de pHmetria de 24 horas. RESULTADOS: A idade das crianças variou de 12,4 a 63,1 meses, com uma média de 30,79, sendo que 62,3% eram do sexo masculino. O refluxo gastroesofágico foi observado em 68,1% das crianças. Quando separados os pacientes em duas categorias (asma moderada e grave, a associação foi de 58,5 e 82,1%, respectivamente. O refluxo gastroesofágico oculto ocorreu em 31,8% dos casos. O índice de refluxo mostrou uma sensibilidade de 89,4%, especificidade de 95,5%, valor preditivo positivo de 97,7% e valor preditivo negativo de 80,8%. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados obtidos neste estudo indicam uma elevada associação entre o refluxo gastroesofágico e a asma e sugerem que o índice de refluxo, como parâmetro único, tem uma boa sensibilidade e especificidade para o diagnóstico da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico.OBJECTIVES: This study aims at verifying the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in asthmatic children, and at determining the sensitivity and specificity of the reflux index for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. METHODS: Sixty-nine children, aged 1-5 years, with asthma, were studied by 24-hour pH monitoring. The patients were randomly selected. RESULTS: Ages varied from 12.4 to 63.1 months, mean age = 30.79 months, and 62.3% were males. Gastroesophageal reflux was observed in 68.1% of the children. The patients were divided into two groups, moderate and severe asthma, and gastroesophageal reflux was diagnosed in 58.5 and 82.1% of the cases, respectively. Occult gastroesophageal reflux occurred in 31.8% of the cases. The reflux index showed an sensitivity of 89.4%, specificity of

Efeitos da nebulização com broncodilatadores carreados pelo heliox associada ao posicionamento corporal em pacientes com crise aguda de asma

OpenAIRE

Cunha Brandão, Daniella

2009-01-01

A asma é uma doença respiratória com eficiente arsenal farmacológico. Embora, estratégias terapêuticas ainda pouco utilizadas na prática clínica podem mostrar-se relevantes para o controle desta doença. Dentro deste contexto, o heliox e a atuação fisioterapêutica vêm sendo estudados pela comunidade científica à busca de demonstrar seus benefícios e efetividade em pacientes asmáticos. O heliox é um gás metabolicamente inerte e seguro com menor densidade que o oxigênio, podendo d...

Comparação entre dois métodos de avaliação do controle da asma baseados na percepção individual Comparison between two methods of asthma control evaluation based on individual perception

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Paula Cristina Andrade Almeida

2012-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Comparar a percepção subjetiva do controle da asma informada pelo paciente com aquela obtida por meio do escore do Asthma Control Questionnaire com seis questões (ACQ-6 em pacientes com asma grave e verificar se o controle da asma está associado ao número de visitas a salas de emergência no mês anterior. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de 528 pacientes acompanhados na Central de Referência do Programa para Controle da Asma e Rinite Alérgica na Bahia, entre agosto de 2008 e março de 2010, em Salvador (BA. Os pacientes responderam ao ACQ-6 e a uma questão adicional específica para avaliar sua percepção do controle da doença na semana prévia. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 423 pacientes, que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. A maioria era do gênero feminino (81,3% e possuía renda familiar menor que dois salários mínimos (64,3%. A média de idade foi de 49,85 ± 13,71 anos, e a duração dos sintomas de asma foi de 32,11 ± 16,35 anos. Os pacientes eram regularmente tratados no programa há 36,65 ± 18,10 meses. Baseados na percepção subjetiva do controle, 8% dos pacientes consideraram a sua asma não controlada, enquanto 38,8% obtiveram escore do ACQ > 1,5, indicando falta de controle. O coeficiente kappa revelou fraca concordância entre os dois métodos. Houve uma associação direta entre falta de controle e número de visitas a emergência no mês anterior (p OBJECTIVE: To compare the subjective perception of asthma control reported by the patient with that measured by the score obtained on the Asthma Control Questionnaire 6-item version (ACQ-6 in patients with severe asthma and to determine whether asthma control is associated with the number of emergency room visits in the previous month. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 528 patients treated at the Bahia State Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Control Program Central Referral Clinic between August of 2008 and March of 2010, in the city of Salvador

Ensaio clínico, aberto, controlado sobre a adição de brometo de ipratrópio ao fenoterol no tratamento da crise de asma em adultos Open, controlled clinical assay of the addition of ipratropium bromide to fenoterol in the treatment of acute asthma crisis in adults

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Solange Diccini

1999-12-01

Full Text Available No tratamento da crise de asma, empregam-se doses repetidas de drogas b2-agonistas por via inalatória. O efeito da adição do brometo de ipratrópio (BI ao b2-agonistas é controverso em adultos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se adição de BI ao fenoterol, em tratamentos inalatórios repetidos, induz a maior broncodilatação, com reversibilidade da crise e alta da emergência em pacientes em crise grave de asma. LOCAL DO ESTUDO: Serviço de Pronto-Atendimento de Pneumologia, Disciplina de Pneumologia da Unifesp-Hospital São Paulo, no período de julho de 1995 a fevereiro de 1997. TIPO DE ESTUDO: Aberto, randomizado, paralelo. Alta da emergência determinada pelo VEF1 e PFE > 60% do previsto. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Cento e vinte pacientes em crise de asma foram divididos em dois grupos (N = 60: fenoterol (F e brometo de ipratrópio + fenoterol (BIF com VEF1 e PFE Repeated dosis of inhaled b2-agonists have been used in the treatment of acute asthma. The effect of added ipratropium bromide (IB to b2-agonist is controversial in adults. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if addition of IB to fenoterol, in repeated doses, induces a greater bronchodilation, a greater reversion of the attack, and discharge from emergency unit in adults with acute severe asthma. SETTING: Pneumology Emergency Department, Unifesp-Hospital São Paulo, in the period from July 1995 to February 1997. TYPE OF STUDY: Open, randomized and parallel study. Discharge from the hospital: FEV1 and PEF > 60% of the predicted value. METHODS: 120 patients with FEV1 and PEF < 50% of the predicted value were divided into two groups (N = 60: fenoterol (F and ipratropium bromide + fenoterol (IBF. Each group received inhalation treatment through a metered-dose inhaler (MDI attached to a holding chamber, administered at 30-minute interval, for a total of three treatments. In the group F four puffs of fenoterol (400 mg were administered, and in the IBF group, 160 mg of BI and 400 mg of fenoterol (four puffs

El asma bronquial y su asociación con los cambios de tiempo The bronchial asthma and its association with the changes in the weather

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Tatiana de la Vega Pazitková

2010-12-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN: el clima y el estado del tiempo influyen sobre la salud humana. El asma es una enfermedad psicosomática que constituye un problema de salud mundial, y es conocida la influencia de los factores ambientales en la aparición de las crisis de asma bronquial. OBJETIVOS: determinar los picos máximos de ocurrencia de las crisis de asma bronquial, en el municipio Playa, relacionándolas con los cambios meteorotrópicos. MÉTODOS: se recogió el total de personas que acudieron, diariamente, a los servicios de urgencia de los 9 policlínicos del municipio Playa, por crisis de asma bronquial, según hojas de cargo y reportes de la unidad de análisis y tendencias de salud municipal, entre el 1ro. de enero de 2007 y el 31 de diciembre de 2008. El dato recogido, acerca de la concurrencia de dichos pacientes, se contrastó con la información aportada por los mapas de modelos biometeorológicos. Se confeccionaron gráficos de frecuencia de casos, por día y por mes. Se realizaron intervalos para el histograma, y se ubicaron las diferentes policlínicas de acuerdo con los intervalos de frecuencia con que los pacientes acudieron a recibir los servicios de salud. RESULTADOS: bajo condiciones de hiperoxia atmosférica, la ocurrencia diaria de la enfermedad, mostró un valor igual o superior a 150 % de la media mensual respectiva, por lo que se evidenció una respuesta meteoro-patológica masiva de la población estudiada. CONCLUSIONES: los efectos meteorotrópicos asociados a los cambios bruscos del estado del tiempo pueden provocar impactos deletéreos sobre la salud humana.INTRODUCTION: the climate and the weather state influenced on the human health. The asthma is a psychosomatic disease which is a world health problem and it is known the influence of environmental factors on the appearance of bronchial asthma crises. OBJECTIVES: to determine the occurrence maximal peak of bronchial asthma crises in the Playa municipality relating it to the

Risk-matching behavior in microcredit group formation: evidence from northern Ethiopia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Berhane Tesfay, G.; Gardebroek, C.; Moll, H.A.J.

2009-01-01

Theoretical models on group lending assume the formation of groups of homogenous risk types. Recent theoretical and empirical findings challenge this view arguing that when markets for insurance are missing, risk homogeneity may not hold any more and risk heterogeneity can be the optimal outcome.

Interface entre a natação e o tratamento da asma sob a perspectiva do paciente asmático

OpenAIRE

João Lucas Pinto Matias; Braulio Nogueira de Oliveira

2017-01-01

Objetivo: analisar a interface entre a natação e o tratamento da asma sob a perspectiva do praticante asmático. Método: trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com cinco crianças e adolescentes, praticantes de natação. Foi utilizada como técnica de construção das informações empíricas a entrevista semiestruturada e, para análise das informações, a análise de conteúdo do tipo análise temática, em que emergiram dois núcleos de sentido: descoberta e percepção da doença e relação entre o trat...

Experimental and Kinetic Investigation of the Influence of OH Groups on NOX Formation

KAUST Repository

Bohon, Myles

2016-05-04

This work investigates the influence of one or more OH groups present on the fuel molecule and the resultant formation of NOX emissions. Combustion of oxygenated fuels has been increasing globally and such fuels offer significant potential in the reduction of pollutant emissions. One such emission class is the oxides of nitrogen, which typically form through a combination of two regimes: the thermal and non-thermal mechanisms. While thermal NO formation can be reduced by lowering the combustion temperature, non-thermal NO formation is coupled to the fuel chemistry. An experimental and computational investigation of NOX formation in three different burner configurations and under a range of equivalence ratios and temperature regimes explored the differences in NO formation. Measurements of temperature profiles and in-flame species concentrations, utilizing both probed and non-intrusive laser based techniques, allowed for the investigation of NO formation through non-thermal pathways and the differences that exist between fuels with varying numbers of OH groups. The first burner configuration was composed of a high swirl liquid spray burner with insulted combustion chamber walls designed specifically for the combustion of low energy density fuels. In this system the combustion of alcohols and glycerol (the largest by-product of biodiesel production), along with other fuels with multiple hydroxyl groups, was studied. Measurements of the mean flame temperature and exhaust gas measurements of NOX showed significant reductions in non-thermal NO concentrations with increasing numbers of OH groups. An accompanying modeling study and detailed reaction path analysis showed that fuel decomposition pathways through formaldehyde were shown a preference due to the presence of the OH groups which resulted in reduced contributions to the hydrocarbon radical pools subsequent reductions to the Prompt NO mechanism. Two burner configurations with reduced dimensionality facilitated

Network formation under heterogeneous costs: The multiple group model

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kamphorst, J.J.A.; van der Laan, G.

2007-01-01

It is widely recognized that the shape of networks influences both individual and aggregate behavior. This raises the question which types of networks are likely to arise. In this paper we investigate a model of network formation, where players are divided into groups and the costs of a link between

Comportamiento del asma bronquial en un área de salud del policlínico Cerro Behavior of bronchial asthma in a health area of the "Cerro" polyclinic

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Marlene Álvarez Carmenate

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el asma bronquial es la enfermedad crónica más frecuente en pediatría y una de las principales causas de consulta. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento del asma bronquial como problema de salud. Métodos: trabajo descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte longitudinal, en 309 niños con edades comprendidas entre 0 y 19 años con el diagnóstico de asma bronquial, atendidos en los 15 consultorios médicos del grupo básico de trabajo A del policlínico universitario "Cerro", en el período comprendido entre el 1º de enero de 2007 y el 31 de diciembre de 2007. Método empírico para la obtención de los datos clínicos epidemiológicos, y como técnica, la encuesta a través de un cuestionario. Resultados: 148 pacientes (48 % se encontraban entre 10 y 14 años, 175 (56,6 % del sexo masculino, 136 (44 % fueron clasificados como persistentes ligeros, 140 (58 % presentaron rinitis y 57 (24 % dermatitis. Había fumadores en las viviendas de 303 pacientes (98 %, hacinamiento en 290 casos (94 % y el polvo en el hogar 284 (92 %. Conclusiones: predominio en el grupo de edades de 10 a 14 años, sexo masculino. En cuanto a la severidad de la enfermedad predominó la forma persistente ligera, las manifestaciones atópicas más frecuentes fueron la rinitis y la dermatitis, los principales factores de riesgo fueron el humo del tabaco, el polvo en el hogar y el hacinamiento, y el tratamiento de elección fue el de la crisis. Se observó la falta de organización y unidad de criterios para el enfoque integral de la política intercrisis o de sostén en la atención de los pacientes.Introduction: bronchial asthma is the more frequent chronic disease in Pediatrics and one of the major causes of consultation. Objective: to describe the behavior of bronchial asthma as a health problem. Methods: a longitudinal, prospective and descriptive study was conducted in 309 children aged between 0 and 19 diagnosed with bronchial asthmas seen in the 15 medical

Genética, ambiente y asma asociados a enfermedad celiaca en la familia extendida de un niño afectado

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R. Sigala-Robles

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Introducción: La enfermedad celiaca (EC es una enteropatía autoinmune asociada a la ingestión de gluten. En las familias extendidas de pacientes celiacos en estrecha convivencia, los factores genéticos y ambientales compartidos pueden predisponer a EC. Objetivo: Proporcionar evidencia sobre factores genéticos y ambientales implicados en el desarrollo de la EC en una familia extendida de un paciente pediátrico. Métodos: Se evaluaron historial clínico, condiciones ambientales, peso y talla de los participantes y se les tomó una muestra de sangre periférica. Se genotipificaron los haplotipos HLA-DQ2/DQ8 mediante qPCR y se cuantificaron por ELISA los anticuerpos IgA antigliadinas y antitransglutaminasa. Resultados: Participaron 12 familiares maternos del caso índice, que tenían estrecha convivencia vecinal. Ocho presentaron HLA-DQ2 heredado del abuelo, 7/12 y 9/12 fueron positivos para los anticuerpos IgA antigliadinas e IgA antitransglutaminasa, respectivamente. Los principales síntomas intestinales referidos por los participantes fueron distensión abdominal, exceso de gases, estreñimiento y reflujo gastroesofágico. Los síntomas extraintestinales más frecuentes fueron fatiga, estrés y ansiedad. Además, 6/13 participantes tuvieron asma bronquial. Conclusión: La familia extendida convive estrechamente, comparte la predisposición genética, condiciones ambientales y el asma, que podrían haberlos predispuesto a la EC. Abstract: Introduction: Celiac disease (CD is an autoimmune enteropathy associated with gluten ingestion. In extended families of celiac patients that live in close proximity of one another, shared genetic and environmental factors can predispose them to CD. Aim: The aim of this study was to provide evidence about the genetic and environmental factors involved in the development of CD in the extended family of a pediatric patient. Methods: The medical history, environmental conditions, and participant

Comparação da variação de resposta ao broncodilatador através da espirometria em portadores de asma ou doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica Comparison of spirometric changes in the response to bronchodilators of patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Isabella Correia Silvestri

2008-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O diagnóstico diferencial entre asma e doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC através da resposta aos broncodilatadores inalatórios na espirometria ainda é controverso. O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar quais variáveis espirométricas melhor diferenciam asma de DPOC. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo realizado entre abril de 2004 e janeiro de 2006, comparando-se os parâmetros espirométricos de 103 pacientes asmáticos, não fumantes, com os de 108 pacientes portadores de DPOC, fumantes de mais de 10 anos-maço. Todos os pacientes tinham mais de 40 anos e apresentavam doença estável no momento do exame. RESULTADOS: O volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1 pré-broncodilatador foi igual nos dois grupos (VEF1 = 51%, mas os portadores de DPOC eram mais velhos (66 ± 9 anos vs. 59 ± 11 anos, p 10% constitui o melhor parâmetro espirométrico para diferenciar asma de DPOC.OBJECTIVE: Making the differential diagnosis between asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD based on the response to inhaled bronchodilators by means of spirometry is controversial. The objective of this study was to identify the most useful spirometric variables in order to distinguish between asthma and COPD. METHODS: Retrospective study conducted from April of 2004 to January of 2006, comparing the spirometric parameters of 103 nonsmoking patients with asthma to those of 108 patients with COPD who were smokers for more than 10 pack-years. All of the patients included in the study were older than 40 and presented stable disease at the time of the test. RESULTS:Initial forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 was the same in the two groups (pre-bronchodilator VEF1 = 51%. However, patients with COPD were older (66 ± 9 years vs. 59 ± 11 years, p 10% is the best spirometric parameter to distinguish asthma from COPD.

Tratamiento con inmunoterapia específica en niños con Rinitis Alérgica y/o Asma Bronquial. Área Norte. 2005 - 2007.

OpenAIRE

Matilde Iraida Morera Franco; Rigoberto Antonio García Chang; María Mercedes Gómez Paz

2007-01-01

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal durante el período Enero 2005_ Enero 2007 en el Policlínico Norte del municipio Sancti Spíritus. El universo estuvo constituido por el total de niños con edades de 2_15 años con enfermedades alérgicas, a los que se realizó pruebas de alergia e indicó tratamiento con inmunoterapia específica por vía subcutánea, la muestra estuvo formada por 75 pacientes con asma bronquial, rinitis alérgica y/o ambas enfermedades, con el objetivo de determinar ...

Análise de variáveis fisiológicas de adolescentes com diagnóstico clínico de asma leve intermitente ou leve persistente quando submetidos a hipóxia aguda e teste de esforço máximo Analysis of physiological variables during acute hypoxia and maximal stress test in adolescents clinically diagnosed with mild intermittent or mild persistent asthma

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Martin Maldonado

2011-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar variáveis fisiológicas de adolescentes com diagnóstico clínico de asma quando submetidos a teste de hipóxia aguda e de esforço máximo. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo transversal composto por 48 adolescentes (12-14 anos, divididos em três grupos: 12 no grupo asma leve intermitente (ALI, 12 no grupo asma leve persistente (ALP e 24 no grupo controle. Todos foram submetidos a teste de hipóxia aguda e a teste de esforço máximo. Características antropométricas foram coletadas, e variáveis funcionais foram determinadas antes e após o teste de esforço máximo. Em condições de hipóxia aguda, foram registrados o tempo de descida e o tempo de recuperação de SpO2 durante repouso. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas variáveis antropométricas nem nas variáveis ventilatórias durante o teste de esforço entre os grupos. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas na pressão de oxigênio com 50% de saturação da hemoglobina antes do teste e na PaO2 antes do teste entre os grupos ALP e controle (p = 0,0279 e p = 0,0116, respectivamente, assim como na tensão de extração de oxigênio antes do teste entre os grupos ALI e ALP (p = 0,0419. Não houve diferenças significativas nos tempos de SpO2 em quaisquer das condições estudadas. O consumo de oxigênio e a eficiência da respiração foram semelhantes entre os grupos. O uso de um broncodilatador não trouxe vantagens nos resultados no teste de hipóxia. Não foram encontradas correlações entre o teste de hipóxia e as variáveis fisiológicas. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos achados sugerem que os adolescentes com asma leve persistente têm uma melhor capacidade de adaptação à hipóxia comparado aos com outros tipos de asma.OBJECTIVE: To analyze adolescents clinically diagnosed with asthma, in terms of the physiological changes occurring during acute hypoxia and during a maximal stress test. METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross

New polymers containing BF2-benzoylacetonate groups. Synthesis, luminescence, excimer and exciplex formation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fedorenko, Elena V.; Mirochnik, Anatolii G.; Beloliptsev, Anton Yu.

2017-01-01

In the present study, a new synthetic method for the functionalization of polystyrene (PS) and (styrene-methyl methacrylate) copolymer has been developed. Using the new method, polymers containing BF 2 -benzoylacetonate groups have been obtained through double acylation by acetic anhydride with boron trifluoride. Luminescence of the produced polymers in solutions and films has been studied. Quantum yields of polymer solution luminescence are significantly higher than those of the low-molecular-weight analog – boron difluoride benzoylacetonate. For the polymer, in which styrene fragments are separated by methyl methacrylate groups, at low concentrations of the polymer in solution one observes the monomer luminescence of BF 2 -benzoylacetonate groups, while at high concentrations – the excimer luminescence. In case of PS-based polymers, in which BF 2 -benzoylacetonate groups and phenyl rings are not separated, in diluted solutions one observes the fluorescence of the intramolecular exciplexes, while at the concentration increase – the luminescence of intermolecular exciplexes. The ability of excimer formation is responsible for the increased photostability of the produced polymers. - Highlights: •Polymers containing BF 2 -benzoylacetonate groups have been synthesized. •Luminescence of the produced polymers in solutions and films has been studied. •Formation of excimers and exciplexes in solution has been revealed. •Formation of excimers in films increases their photostability.

Risk factors for asthma and cough among Hispanic children in the southwestern United States of America, 2003-2004 Factores de riesgo de asma y tos en niños hispanos en el suroeste de los Estados Unidos de América, 2003-2004

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Melissa Gonzales

2007-05-01

de la madre (México frente a los Estados Unidos de América en la prevalencia de asma y tos seca nocturna en niños de 2-12 años de edad que viven en el suroeste de los Estados Unidos de América. MÉTODOS: Los datos se colectaron de noviembre de 2003 a marzo de 2004 como parte de una encuesta de salud de madres hispanas con hijos pequeños, que solicitaron servicios de emergencia, nutrición o clínicos. Se obtuvo la información sobre el estado de salud respiratoria de un hijo seleccionado aleatoriamente por cada madre nacida en los Estados Unidos de América (n = 144 o en México (n = 125. Se colectó información sobre las variables sociodemográficas de la madre y del hogar, el hábito de fumar, los antecedentes de asma de los padres y la exposición del niño al HAT en habitaciones o automóviles en los siete días previos. Las razones de prevalencia ajustadas se estimaron mediante modelos de regresión de Poisson modificados. RESULTADOS: La mayoría de las variables sociodemográficas y de exposición al HAT presentaron diferencias significativas según el país de nacimiento de la madre. La prevalencia de asma según el modelo fue de 1,95 (intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC95%] = 1,03 a 3,68 veces mayor en niños de madres nacidas en Estados Unidos de América que en los de madres nacidas en México. Esta diferencia se mantuvo después de controlar por los factores de riesgo de asma conocidos, entre ellos los antecedentes de asma de los padres, las variables socioeconómicas y demográficas y la exposición del niño al HAT. La exposición reciente del niño al HAT en automóviles se asoció con la tos seca nocturna (razón de prevalencia ajustada [RP] = 1,94; IC95% = 1,19 a 3,15 y asma (RP = 2,09; IC95% = 0,99 a 4,39. CONCLUSIONES: La exposición al HAT en automóviles es un importante factor de riesgo de asma y de tos seca nocturna en niños hispanos en el suroeste de los Estados Unidos de América, independientemente del país de nacimiento de la madre

Prevalencia de síntomas relacionados con el asma en escolares de Campos Gerais (MG, Brasil Prevalence of symptoms related to asthma among schoolchildren in Campos Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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Paulo A. M. Camargos

1999-07-01

Full Text Available El asma es la enfermedad crónica más común en los niños y adolescentes y en los decenios más recientes se han registrado aumentos insólitos de su prevalencia en todas partes del mundo. Sin embargo, los estudios anteriores se han basado en distintos enfoques metodológicos, lo que dificulta hacer comparaciones entre los resultados. Ese factor estimuló a un grupo internacional de investigadores a elaborar un cuestionario estandarizado autoadministrable que permitiera llevar a cabo estudios internacionales en colaboración. Se creó así el instrumento utilizado en el International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC o Estudio Internacional del Asma y las Alergias en la Niñez. Durante el mes de abril de 1996 se realizó en la ciudad de Campos Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil, un estudio transversal para determinar la prevalencia en escolares del estertor sibilante y otras señales y síntomas relacionados con el asma bronquial utilizando el cuestionario elaborado para el ISAAC. Se seleccionaron de forma aleatoria simple 200 adolescentes de 13 a 14 años de edad matriculados en escuelas públicas del municipio, los cuales fueron entrevistados más tarde por dos estudiantes de medicina. La muestra estaba distribuida igualmente (50% por sexo y edad. Se encontró que 28,5% de los escolares (IC95%: 22,3% a 35,3% habían experimentado por lo menos un episodio de sibilancia en algún momento del pasado y que 6% de ellos (IC95%: 3,1 a 10,5% habían tenido por lo menos una crisis asmática en los últimos 12 meses. Al comparar esos resultados con los obtenidos en ciudades brasileñas de mayor tamaño, se observa un aumento de las tasas de prevalencia que parece corresponder al aumento en densidad de la población y al grado de urbanización e industrialización de los municipios estudiados. Se refuerzan así las teorías que sostienen la existencia de una asociación entre el asma y los factores ambientales. De ello se desprende que es

Star Formation Histories of Local Group Dwarf Galaxies. (Ludwig Biermann Award Lecture 1996)

Science.gov (United States)

Grebel, E. K.

The star formation histories of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group are reviewed. First the question of Local Group membership is considered based on various criteria. The properties of 31 (36) galaxies are consistent with likely (potential) Local Group membership. To study the star formation histories of these galaxies, a multi-parameter problem needs to be solved: Ages, metallicities, population fractions, and spatial variations must be determined, which depend crucially on the knowledge of reddening and distance. The basic methods for studying resolvable stellar populations are summarized. One method is demonstrated using the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy. A comprehensive compilation of the star formation histories of dwarf irregulars, dwarf ellipticals, and dwarf spheroidals in the Local Group is presented and visualized through Hodge's population boxes. All galaxies appear to have differing fractions of old and intermediate-age populations, and those sufficiently massive and undisturbed to retain and recycle their gas are still forming stars today. Star formation has occurred either in distinct episodes or continuously over long periods of time. Metallicities and enrichment vary widely. Constraints on merger and remnant scenarios are discussed, and a unified picture based on the current knowledge is presented. Primary goals for future observations are: accurate age determinations based on turnoff photometry, detection of subpopulations distinct in age, metallicity, and/or spatial distribution; improved distances; and astrometric studies to derive orbits and constrain past and future interactions.

Asma induzida pelo exercício: aspectos atuais e recomendações Asma inducido por el ejercicio: aspectos actuales y recomendaciones Exercise-induced asthma: current aspects and recommendations

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Orlando Laitano

2007-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever os mecanismos da asma induzida pelo exercício (AIE, bem como os efeitos de diferentes tipos de treinamento físico na função pulmonar e nas capacidades aeróbia e anaeróbia. Destaca-se a importância de um diagnóstico correto mediante o teste de exercício e, no manejo, o uso de drogas beta-adrenérgicas e anticolinérgicas. FONTE DOS DADOS: Os artigos foram criteriosamente escolhidos utilizando as bases de dados PubMed e Scielo pelo ano de publicação e dando preferência a ensaios clínicos randomizados, com critérios de seleção da amostra bem definidos. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Os mecanismos para explicar a AIE permanecem sem conclusão, mas parece haver uma interação fisiológica entre as hipóteses aqui apresentadas. O uso de medicamentos e as freqüentes crises durante o exercício aparecem como fatores limitantes para a prática de exercícios físicos, conduzindo para um estilo de vida sedentário. CONCLUSÃO: Deve-se incentivar a prática de exercícios devidamente prescritos e minimizar as restrições aos sujeitos com AIE.OBJETIVO: Describir los mecanismos del asma inducido por el ejercicio (AIE, así como los efectos de diferentes tipos de entrenamiento físico sobre la función pulmonar y las capacidades aeróbica y anaeróbica. Se destaca la importancia de un diagnóstico correcto mediante el test de ejercicio y el manejo o uso de drogas beta-adrenérgicas y anticolinérgicas. FUENTES: Los artículos fueron cuidadosamente escogidos utilizando las bases de dados de PubMed y Scielo por el año de publicación, dando preferencia a ensayos clínicos randomizados, con criterios de selección de muestra bien definidos. SÍNTESES DE DATOS: Los mecanismos para explicar la AIE permanecen sin conclusión, pero parece haber una interacción fisiológica entre las hipótesis aquí presentadas. El uso de medicamentos y las frecuentes crisis durante el ejercicio aparecen como factores limitantes para la práctica de

Pneumomediastino espontâneo: Asma Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: Asthma

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Marcelo Cunha Fatureto

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Pneumomediastino é definido como a presença de ar livre no mediastino, sendo que o espontâneo ocorre na ausência de enfermidades ou factores precipitantes. É raro em adultos, sendo mais frequente em recém-nascidos. Contudo, ocorre mais em adultos jovens, sendo 8:1 a relação entre homens e mulheres. Constitui achado raro na asma, representando 1% dos casos. Os sintomas mais frequentes são dor torácica e dispneia. O diagnóstico é feito com exames de imagem, como radiografia e tomografia computadorizada de tórax. O tratamento de escolha é conservador, não operatório, com prognóstico favorável na maioria dos casos. O nosso propósito é relatar um caso desta patologia em jovem atendido em nosso serviço com quadro de dor torácica e dispneia, sendo submetido a exames complementares e feito o diagnóstico de pneumomediastino espontâneo. O doente foi submetido a tratamento conservador com excelente evolução clínica. No momento encontra-se assintomático, em acompanhamento ambulatorial.Pneumomediastinum is defined as the presence of free air in the mediastinum, and the spontaneous occurs in the absence of diseases or precipitating factors. It is rare in adults, and it is more frequent in newborns. However, it occurs more in young adults, with an 8:1 relationship between men and women. It constitutes a rare finding in asthma, representing 1% of the cases. More frequent symptoms are chest pain and dyspnea. Diagnosis is made with image examinations, such as radiography and chest computed tomography. Treatment of choice is conservative, nonoperative, with a favourable prognosis in the majority of the cases. Our aim is to report a case of this pathology in a young adult seen in our service with chest pain and dyspnea. He underwent complementary examinations and the diagnosis was spontaneous pneumo-mediastinum. This patient was submitted to a conservative treatment with excellent clinical evolution. At the moment, he is asymptomatic and

INDICADORES CLÍNICOS DE PADRÃO RESPIRATÓRIO INEFICAZ EM CRIANÇAS COM ASMA

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JOYCE CAROLLE BEZERRA CAVALCANTE

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Un estudio transversal, realizado con 147 niños internados con diagnóstico médico de asma, en un Hospital Infantil Público de Fortaleza-CE, fue desarrollado con el objetivo de analizar el esmero de las características definidoras del diagnóstico de Enfermería “Patrón respiratorio ineficaz - PRI” en niños asmáticos. Las características definidoras más frecuentes fueron la disnea (56,4% y la frecuencia respiratoria/min aumentada (50,3%. El diagnóstico de enfermería PRI estuvo presente en 36,1% de la muestra. La característica definidora de mayor sensibilidad fue la disnea. Las características de mayor especifi- cidad para este diagnóstico fueron: pulsación de las narinas, asumir posición de tres puntos y diámetro antero-posterior au- mentado. Se llegó a la conclusión de que los estudios que contribuyen a configurar el perfil de las características definidoras más comunes a una población particular deben ser estimulados, ya que sirven como guía para la práctica de enfermería.

Prevalência de asma e fatores de risco em escolares da cidade de São Paulo Asthma prevalence and risk factors in schoolchildren of the city of São Paulo, Brazil

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Rejane R D Casagrande

2008-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de asma e possíveis fatores de risco associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, integrante do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Participaram 561 escolares de seis a sete anos de idade, provenientes de 35 escolas públicas da cidade de São Paulo, escolhidas por sorteio, em 2002. A amostra incluiu 168 asmáticos e 393 não asmáticos, que responderam questionário constituído por 33 questões referentes a dados pessoais, familiares e ambientais. A associação entre asma e fatores de risco foi avaliada pela análise de regressão logística, considerando-se nível de significância estatística de 5%. RESULTADOS: Entre os escolares, 31,2% referiam sibilos nos 12 meses anteriores à entrevista. Os fatores de risco significativamente associados à asma foram: sexo masculino (OR=2,4;IC 95%: 1,4;4,2, mãe fumante no primeiro ano de vida (OR=2,0; IC 95%: 1,1;3,8, presença de eczema em locais característicos (OR=3,0; IC 95%:1,2; 7,6 e rinoconjuntivite (OR=2,4;IC 95%: 1,2; 4,8. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de asma na região estudada foi elevada e os fatores de risco relacionados foram: sexo masculino, sintomas de rinoconjuntivite no último ano, mãe fumante no primeiro ano de vida e presença de eczema em locais característicos.OBJECTIVE: To assess asthma prevalence and potential risk factors associated. METHODS: Cross-sectional study part of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. A total of 561 schoolchildren aged 6-7 years from 35 public schools in the city of São Paulo (Southeastern Brazil were drawn to participate in the study, in 2002. The sample consisted of 168 asthmatic and 393 non-asthmatic children who answered a questionnaire comprising 33 questions on personal, family and environmental information. The association between asthma and the risk factors studied was assessed by logistic regression analysis at a 5% statistical significance. RESULTS: Among the

Efeito do estresse pré-natal na regulação da inflamação alérgica pulmonar no modelo murino de asma experimental

OpenAIRE

Gonçalves, Vagner; Ligeiro de Oliveira, Ana Paula; Kieling, Karin; Cruz Ochoa, Natalia Andrea; Ochoa Amaya, Julieta E; Cruz-Casallas, Pablo Emilio; Bernardi, Maria Martha

2016-01-01

Devido ao seu rápido crescimento, o feto é particularmente vulnerável a insultos e modificações no millieu hormonal. Este fato sugere que situações adversas experimentadas pela mãe grávida podem alterar o desenvolvimento e a saúde da prole, explicado principalmente pela permeabilidade da barreira placentária a diversos hormônios e substâncias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito do estresse pré-natal na regulação da inflamação alérgica pulmonar, empregando o modelo murino de asma e...

Metapneumovirus humano (hMPV asociado con exacerbación de asma aguda bronquial severa Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV associated to severe bronchial asthmatic crisis

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M. A. López

2006-09-01

Full Text Available El metapneumovirus humano (hMPV es un nuevo agente causal de infección aguda del tracto respiratorio, recientemente reportado tras su hallazgo en niños, jóvenes, adultos y ancianos. Las manifestaciones clínicas producidas por el hMPV son indistinguibles de aquellas provocadas por los virus respiratorios clásicamente conocidos, y varían desde infección asintomática hasta neumonía complicada. Por otro lado, se han descrito casos de exacerbación de asma bronquial asociados a la infección con hMPV. En este trabajo se describe el caso de un niño hospitalizado que presentó una crisis asmática bronquial severa con sospecha de una infección viral asociada. Por el test de inmunofluorescencia indirecta no se detectaron virus sincicial respiratorio (VSR, adenovirus, virus influenza a - b ni virus parainfluenza 1, 2 y 3. En un intento por detectar la presencia de hMPV, se realizó una RT-PCR para la amplificación de los genes N y F con resultado positivo. Conforme a nuestro conocimiento, esta sería la primera descripción de un caso de exacerbación de asma asociado a hMPV en nuestra región. Los resultados de este estudio serían similares a los reportados por otros autores, quienes postulan que, a semejanza de lo que ocurre con el VSR, una infección por hMPV puede gatillar una enfermedad respiratoria crónica, como el asma.Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV is a recently reported agent of acute infection in the respiratory tract. It has been found in children as well as in young adults and elders. The clinical manifestations produced by hMPV are indistinguishable from those by common respiratory virus, and can evolve from asymptomatic infection into severe pneumonia. On the other hand, some authors have described cases of bronchial asthma exacerbation associated with hMPV infection. In this work we report a case of a child who presented a severe bronchial asthmatic crisis with a suspected viral associated infection. Immunofluorescence tests

Temperatura do ar exalado, um novo biomarcador no controle da asma: um estudo piloto Exhaled breath temperature, a new biomarker in asthma control: a pilot study

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Raul Emrich Melo

2010-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a temperatura do ar exalado (TAE, medida por um método não invasivo, é efetiva no monitoramento de pacientes com asma não controlada. MÉTODOS: Estudo piloto com nove pacientes (sete mulheres e dois homens; média de idade: 39 anos com diagnóstico de asma por pelo menos um ano e sem uso de tratamento de manutenção por pelo menos três meses antes do início do estudo. Na primeira visita, os pacientes foram submetidos à espirometria e à medida da TAE. Todos os pacientes foram orientados a iniciar tratamento com budesonida/formoterol (200/6 µg inalatório a cada 12 h por seis semanas. Além disso, os pacientes com asma grave (VEF1 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the exhaled breath temperature (EBT, measured by a noninvasive method, is an effective means of monitoring patients with uncontrolled asthma. METHODS: A pilot study comprising nine patients (seven women and two men; mean age: 39 years diagnosed with asthma at least one year prior to the beginning of the study and not having been under maintenance therapy for the last three months. In the first visit, the patients underwent spirometry and measurement of EBT. The patients were then instructed to use inhaled budesonide/formoterol (200/6 µg every 12 h for six weeks. In addition, the patients with severe asthma (FEV1 < 60% of predicted were instructed to use oral prednisolone (40 mg/day for five days. After six weeks, the patients underwent the same tests. RESULTS: All of the patients reported an improvement in the symptoms of asthma, as confirmed by a statistically significant increase in FEV1 from the first to the second visit (mean, 56.1% vs. 88.7% of predicted; p < 0.05. Five patients used oral prednisolone for the first five days of the treatment period. Six patients used additional doses of inhaled budesonide/formoterol (mean duration, 2.5 weeks. The EBT decreased significantly from the first to the second visit (mean EBT: 35.1ºC vs. 34.1ºC; p < 0

Stimulation of Changes, Collective Commitment and The Patterns of Group Formation in Community Development in South Sulawesi

Science.gov (United States)

Saleh, Syafiuddin

2018-05-01

This study aims to examine the pattern of group formation, related to the stimulation of change through the empowerment of farmers and poor fishermen The pattern of group formation is the basis for sustainable development. The research method used is qualitative descriptive method and relevant research type such as case study and triangulasi. The results of the study showed that (1) stimulation of changes made through development programs or community empowerment in the areas studied both among farm households and poor fishermen households for some programs received positive response from farmers and fishermen. However, the collective commitment to the breeding is relatively weak, since the group formed in each program is not done through good planning and concepts. (2) there are two patterns of group formation that are natural and formed formations initiated by outsiders. Groups that are naturally formed are more institutionalized and have characteristics such as intense and relatively routine interaction, strong mutual trust, and have a common form or mechanism shared for common purposes. The group can form the basis for sustainable development in improving the welfare of the poor.

Group Formation Based on Learning Styles: Can It Improve Students' Teamwork?

Science.gov (United States)

Kyprianidou, Maria; Demetriadis, Stavros; Tsiatsos, Thrasyvoulos; Pombortsis, Andreas

2012-01-01

This work explores the impact of teacher-led heterogeneous group formation on students' teamwork, based on students' learning styles. Fifty senior university students participated in a project-based course with two key organizational features: first, a web system (PEGASUS) was developed to help students identify their learning styles and…

Ventilação mecânica na crise de asma aguda Mechanical ventilation in acute asthma crisis

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Carmen Sílvia Valente Barbas

2007-06-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Em 2000, foi publicado o II Consenso Brasileiro de Ventilação Mecânica. Desde então, o conhecimento na área da ventilação mecânica avançou rapidamente, com a publicação de inúmeros estudos clínicos que acrescentaram informações importantes para o manuseio de pacientes críticos em ventilação artificial. Além disso, a expansão do conceito de Medicina Baseada em Evidências (MBE determinou a hierarquização das recomendações clínicas, segundo o rigor metodológico dos estudos que as embasaram. Essa abordagem explícita vem ampliando a compreensão e a aplicação das recomendações clínicas. Por esses motivos, a AMIB - Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira - e a SBPT - Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia - julgaram conveniente a atualização das recomendações descritas no Consenso anterior. Dentre os tópicos selecionados a Ventilação Mecânica na Crise de Asma foi um dos temas propostos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os pontos mais importantes relacionados à ventilação mecânica durante a crise de asma e sugerir as principais abordagens terapêuticas. MÉTODO: Objetivou-se chegar a um documento suficientemente sintético, que refletisse a melhor evidência disponível na literatura. A revisão bibliográfica baseou-se na busca de estudos através de palavras-chave e em sua gradação conforme níveis de evidência. As palavras-chave utilizadas para a busca foram: Ventilação mecânica na asma: asthma and mechanical ventilation. RESULTADOS: São apresentadas recomendações quanto aos modos ventilatórios e aos parâmetros a serem aplicados quando do ajuste do ventilador, além da monitoração recomendada. Apresentam-se ainda, técnicas alternativas que possam ser utilizadas. CONCLUSÕES: Estratégias protetoras de ventilação mecânica são recomendadas durante a ventilação mecânica de paciente asmático grave.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The II Brazilian

Alliance group formation: enabling and constraining effects of embeddedness and social capital in strategic technology alliance networks

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Duysters, G.M.; Lemmens, C.E.A.V.

2003-01-01

The role of embeddedness and social capital in the process of alliance group formation in strategic technology alliance networks is examined. In particular, the social mechanisms that enable and enforce alliance group formation is studies. It is argued that the enabling effect of embeddedness during

New polymers containing BF{sub 2}-benzoylacetonate groups. Synthesis, luminescence, excimer and exciplex formation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fedorenko, Elena V., E-mail: gev@ich.dvo.ru [Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022 (Russian Federation); Mirochnik, Anatolii G.; Beloliptsev, Anton Yu. [Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022 (Russian Federation)

2017-05-15

In the present study, a new synthetic method for the functionalization of polystyrene (PS) and (styrene-methyl methacrylate) copolymer has been developed. Using the new method, polymers containing BF{sub 2}-benzoylacetonate groups have been obtained through double acylation by acetic anhydride with boron trifluoride. Luminescence of the produced polymers in solutions and films has been studied. Quantum yields of polymer solution luminescence are significantly higher than those of the low-molecular-weight analog – boron difluoride benzoylacetonate. For the polymer, in which styrene fragments are separated by methyl methacrylate groups, at low concentrations of the polymer in solution one observes the monomer luminescence of BF{sub 2}-benzoylacetonate groups, while at high concentrations – the excimer luminescence. In case of PS-based polymers, in which BF{sub 2}-benzoylacetonate groups and phenyl rings are not separated, in diluted solutions one observes the fluorescence of the intramolecular exciplexes, while at the concentration increase – the luminescence of intermolecular exciplexes. The ability of excimer formation is responsible for the increased photostability of the produced polymers. - Highlights: •Polymers containing BF{sub 2}-benzoylacetonate groups have been synthesized. •Luminescence of the produced polymers in solutions and films has been studied. •Formation of excimers and exciplexes in solution has been revealed. •Formation of excimers in films increases their photostability.

An Agent-Based Simulation for Investigating the Impact of Stereotypes on Task-Oriented Group Formation

Science.gov (United States)

Maghami, Mahsa; Sukthankar, Gita

In this paper, we introduce an agent-based simulation for investigating the impact of social factors on the formation and evolution of task-oriented groups. Task-oriented groups are created explicitly to perform a task, and all members derive benefits from task completion. However, even in cases when all group members act in a way that is locally optimal for task completion, social forces that have mild effects on choice of associates can have a measurable impact on task completion performance. In this paper, we show how our simulation can be used to model the impact of stereotypes on group formation. In our simulation, stereotypes are based on observable features, learned from prior experience, and only affect an agent's link formation preferences. Even without assuming stereotypes affect the agents' willingness or ability to complete tasks, the long-term modifications that stereotypes have on the agents' social network impair the agents' ability to form groups with sufficient diversity of skills, as compared to agents who form links randomly. An interesting finding is that this effect holds even in cases where stereotype preference and skill existence are completely uncorrelated.

Controlling formation of single-molecule junctions by electrochemical reduction of diazonium terminal groups.

Science.gov (United States)

Hines, Thomas; Díez-Pérez, Ismael; Nakamura, Hisao; Shimazaki, Tomomi; Asai, Yoshihiro; Tao, Nongjian

2013-03-06

We report controlling the formation of single-molecule junctions by means of electrochemically reducing two axialdiazonium terminal groups on a molecule, thereby producing direct Au-C covalent bonds in situ between the molecule and gold electrodes. We report a yield enhancement in molecular junction formation as the electrochemical potential of both junction electrodes approach the reduction potential of the diazonium terminal groups. Step length analysis shows that the molecular junction is significantly more stable, and can be pulled over a longer distance than a comparable junction created with amine anchoring bonds. The stability of the junction is explained by the calculated lower binding energy associated with the direct Au-C bond compared with the Au-N bond.

Uso de terapias não convencionais no manejo da crise aguda de asma refratária Non-conventional therapies to manage refractory acute asthma attack

OpenAIRE

RAQUEL HERMES ROSA OLIVEIRA; ALEXANDRE DE OLIVEIRA RIBEIRO; GUSTAVO ADOLPHO JUNQUEIRA AMARANTE; MIGUEL LIA TEDDE

2002-01-01

Uma paciente em crise aguda de asma, refratária ao uso de beta2-agonista inalatório e intravenoso, aminofilina intravenosa e corticóide, em ventilação mecânica, foi tratada com métodos terapêuticos não convencionais: broncoscopia, lavado broncoalveolar com N-acetilcisteína e ventilação com halotano. Houve melhora dos parâmetros ventilatórios após o lavado e a resolução do broncoespasmo ocorreu após a anestesia, propiciando a extubação e alta da UTI. É feita uma revisão da literatura sobre o u...

THE FORMATION OF CONSCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT GROUPS IN ORGANIZATIONS

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Neisa Maria, Martins da Cunha

2010-01-01

Full Text Available This paper presents theoretical proposals, as the Theory of Human Relations, especially the Theory of Group Dynamics and the Conscience Formation, which promote understanding and support for the conduct of the leaders in team management, aiming at a route suitable for questions, reflections, enabling new perceptions of self-consciousness, as Hegel says. It is worth highlighting that through these considerations, it becomes possible to conduct more realistic impacts triggered in the organizational culture, as from a better management of interpersonal relationships within teams, these teams have a training goal or not.

Carcinoma mucoepidermoide da traqueia mimetizando asma brônquica Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the trachea mimicking asthma

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Ricardo Kalaf Mussi

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Em casos de asma de início recente em que o controle clínico com tratamento habitual (corticosteroide e broncodilatador é insatisfatório, é importante considerar outros diagnósticos, tais como insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, refluxo gastroesofágico ou outras formas de obstrução das vias aéreas. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino com carcinoma mucoepidermoide da traqueia mimetizando um quadro de asma brônquica. A paciente apresentava tosse e sibilância, bem como espirometria anormal com padrão obstrutivo responsivo a broncodilatador. Após um ano, apresentou deterioração clínica e espirométrica. Nenhuma anormalidade foi encontrada no radiograma de tórax. A TC revelou lesão vegetativa, a 1 cm da carina, reduzindo a luz traqueal. A fibrobroncoscopia mostrou imagem semelhante a tumor carcinoide brônquico. O diagnóstico anatomopatológico após a ressecção cirúrgica foi carcinoma mucoepidermoide de baixo grau, sem envolvimento linfonodal. Embora a curva fluxovolume não fosse sugestiva de obstrução de vias aéreas superiores, a espirometria realizada após a cirurgia mostrou redução significativa do grau de obstrução e maior reversibilidade com broncodilatador. Não houve evidência de recidiva da doença ou retorno dos sintomas após dois anos de seguimento.In cases of recent asthma in which clinical control with the usual treatment (corticosteroids and bronchodilator is unsatisfactory, it is important to consider other diagnoses, such as congestive heart failure, gastroesophageal reflux or other forms of airway obstruction. We report the case of a female patient with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the trachea mimicking asthma. The patient presented cough and wheezing, as well as abnormal spirometry results with an obstructive pattern that was responsive to bronchodilators. One year later, the patient presented clinical and spirometric worsening. The chest X-ray revealed no abnormalities. A CT scan

Effectiveness of emotional skills training for patients with anorexia nervosa with autistic symptoms in group and individual format.

Science.gov (United States)

Adamson, James; Leppanen, Jenni; Murin, Marianna; Tchanturia, Kate

2018-04-02

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of CREST interventions in individual and group formats for adult anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, this study also aims to analyse whether patients with high levels of autistic symptoms respond differently. Participants' self-report measures were taken before and after individual and group interventions (N = 66 and N = 62, respectively). Mixed effects analysis was used to analyse overall response to both formats and assess interaction with autism symptoms. Significant improvements were observed for patients' alexithymia in individual format, and motivation increased for participants in both interventions. Significant interactions were observed between alexithymia, social anhedonia, and autism symptoms in individual format and alexithymia in group format. No interactions between autism and time were observed for either format. CREST in both formats offers participants improvements in social-emotional and motivational domains. Patients with high levels of autism symptoms also score high on both social anhedonia and alexithymia measures, but this does not affect their response to treatment. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

SOME ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF FINANCIAL-INDUSTRIAL GROUPS IN RUSSIA IN 1990S

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Сергей Александрович Лутошкин

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The article examines the main stages of the financial-industrial groups formation in Russia in the 1990s, analyzes the main premises of these forms of association in the industrial and financial sectors, as well as the mechanism of their creation under conditions of the transitional market economy. The study revealed the main forms of financial and industrial groups in Russia and the fact that they had a national specificity. The author concludes that the distinctive feature was the formation of Russian business groups mostly from the former nomenklatura and Komsomol workers on the basis of pre-existing material base, which largely contributed to their rapid transformation into large concerns. The state did not prevent the creation of industrial and financial corporations, because of receiving financial support in the form of replenishment of the state budget through tax revenues and revival of production through investments in illiquid corporate enterprises.

Correlação entre função pulmonar, postura e composição corporal em pacientes com asma

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V.P. Almeida

2013-09-01

reabilitação pulmonar nestes pacientes. Abstract: Aim: Asthma may result in postural disorders due to increased activity of accessory respiratory muscles and hyperinflation. Our primary objective was to assess the correlation between pulmonary function and posture in adult patients with asthma. Secondarily, we aimed to study the correlation between body composition and body posture in this group of patients. Method: This was a cross-sectional study including 34 patients with asthma who were subjected to postural assessment (photogrammetry, pulmonary function testing (spirometry, whole-body plethysmography, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, and respiratory muscle strength, and body composition estimation by means of bioelectrical impedance. Results: Most patients were female (70.6% with a median age of 32.5 years (range: 23-42 years old. We found a significant correlation between horizontal alignment of head (anterior view and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC; Ͽ = ⿿0,37; P = .03, total lung capacity (TLC; Ͽ = 0,42; P = .01, and residual volume (RV; Ͽ = 0,45; P < .001. Bronchial obstruction and respiratory muscle strength variables also correlated with postural assessment measures on the right and left lateral views. Both body mass index and the percentage of fat mass correlated with horizontal alignment of head, horizontal alignment of the pelvis, and the frontal angle of the lower limbs. Conclusion: Adult patients with asthma exhibit specific postural disorders that correlate with pulmonary function and body composition. The assessment of postural variables may provide a better pulmonary rehabilitation approach for these patients. Palavras-chave: Asma, Testes de função respiratória, Mecânica respiratória, Músculos respiratórios, Postura, Capacidade de difusão pulmonar, Composição corporal, Keywords: Asthma, Respiratory function

O mundo da criança portadora de asma grave na escola El mundo del niño portador de asma grave en la escuela Daily life of children with acute asthma in school settings

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Regina Issuzu Hirooka de Borba

2009-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Compreender o significado que a criança asmática grave e sua família atribuem à doença e suas implicações na escola. MÉTODOS: Estudo de caso qualitativo, desenvolvido no ambulatório de pediatria de um hospital do Município de São Paulo. Foram estudadas três crianças e seus familiares, utilizando observação participante, entrevista e brinquedo terapêutico dramático. RESULTADOS: As demandas do tratamento e as freqüentes crises de asma influenciaram no cotidiano da criança na escola como: falta às aulas; deixar de aprender; restrinção nas brincadeiras e relacionamento conflituoso com colegas. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Tendo em vista as dificuldades encontradas pelas crianças em freqüentar a escola e conviver com os colegas, recomenda-se um trabalho conjunto entre os profissionais de saúde e da educação, assegurando a manutenção da educação formal e do convívio social salutar.OBJETIVO: Comprender el significado que el niño asmático grave y su familia atribuyen a la enfermedad y sus implicancias en la escuela. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio de caso cualitativo, desarrollado en el consultorio externo de pediatría de un hospital del Municipio de Sao Paulo. Fueron estudiados tres niños y sus familiares, utilizando la observación participante, entrevista y juego terapéutico dramático. RESULTADOS: Las demandas del tratamiento y las frecuentes crisis de asma influenciaron en el cotidiano del niño en la escuela como: falta a las clases; dejar de aprender; restricción en los juegos y relación conflictiva con sus colegas. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES: Teniendo en vista las dificultades encontradas por los niños para frecuentar a la escuela y convivir con sus colegas, se recomineda un trabajo conjunto entre los profesionales de salud y de educación, asegurando la manutención de la educación formal y de la convivencia social saludable.OBJECTIVES: To understand the meaning of asthma and its implications in daily

Broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício em crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico de asma Exercise-induced bronchospasm in children and adolescents with a diagnosis of asthma

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Vitor E. Cassol

2004-04-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A broncoconstrição temporária após o exercício físico tem elevada prevalência em crianças e adolescentes asmáticos. OBJETIVO: Determinar a freqüência e gravidade do broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício em crianças e adolescentes, com diagnóstico clínico de asma leve, moderada e grave. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, tipo transversal, não controlado. A amostra constituiu-se de 40 indivíduos asmáticos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 7 e 18 anos, que não utilizavam regularmente medicação anti-inflamatória. Foi realizado teste padronizado de provocação brônquica com exercício de corrida em esteira rolante. A espirometria foi padronizada em seis manobras expiratórias, realizadas antes e aos 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 30 minutos após o término do exercício, sendo escolhida a de maior valor. O volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1 foi utilizado para o diagnóstico e classificação da gravidade do broncoespasmo. Os pacientes asmáticos apresentavam condições clínicas e espirométricas adequadas para os testes (VEF1 > 70% do valor previsto. Foi utilizada como critério de positividade para o broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício queda >10% em relação ao VEF1 prévio ao exercício. RESULTADOS: Vinte e seis (65% pacientes desenvolveram broncoespasmo após o exercício. Dos pacientes com asma leve 44%, e dos com asma moderada e grave, 100% desenvolveram broncoespasmo. Houve associação significativa entre a freqüência do broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício e a gravidade da asma (pINTRODUCTION: In asthmatic children and adolescents a high incidence of temporary bronchospasm is perceived after physical exertion. OBJECTIVE: To investigate incidence and severity of exercise-induced bronchospasm in children and adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of mild, moderate or severe asthma. METHOD: A descriptive, cross-sectional, not controlled study was carried out. The sample

Dinosaur footprint assemblage from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation, Khorat Group, northeastern Thailand

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Shohei Kozu

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The Khok Kruat Formation is the upper part of the Khorat Group, which consists of upper Lower Cretaceous non-marine sedimentary rocks in northeastern Thailand. Many dinosaur footprints have been known from the upper Lower Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian Khok Kruat Formation at the Huai Dam Chum (Tha Uthen site, northeastern Thailand. Approximately 600 tracks occur in thin mudstone layer of the northern part of the outcrop at the Huai Dam Chum track site. Two types of footprints, small-sized theropod and crocodylomorph are imprinted with mud cracks and ripple marks on the thin mud layer. Most of footprints are referred to cf. Asianopodus, and are imprinted by small-sized theropoda, probably ornithomimosauria. Theropod tracks are mainly separated into two groups, Group A and Group B. From ichnological viewpoints, the small-sized theropod track assemblage indicates the herd behaviour and its idiosyncratic group composition. In particular, the histogram of size-frequency measurements of Group A shows the anomalous bimodal distribution. We consider that there are two hypotheses; the first one is due to the male-female difference, and the second is a result of the different growing stage.

Childhood asthma along the United States/ Mexico border: hospitalizations and air quality in two California counties El asma infantil en la frontera mexicana-estadounidense: hospitalizaciones y calidad del aire ambiental en dos condados de California

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Paul B English

1998-06-01

1993 a 1994 en las hospitalizaciones por asma en la infancia y sobre dos sustancias contaminantes que empeoran el asma: el ozono y las partículas en suspensión (de menos de 10 micras de diámetro. Se examinaron los registros de egresos hospitalarios de niños menores de 14 años y las tasas por condado, raza y sexo se ajustaron por edades a la población del estado de California en 1990. Para el ozono y las partículas en suspensión se usaron cinco índices obtenidos de la Agencia Californiana para la Protección del Medio Ambiente (California Environmental Protection Agency. El condado Imperial tuvo las tasas más altas de hospitalización por asma en niños blancos no hispanos y afroamericanos de todo el estado de California, y las segundas más altas del estado en niños hispanos. El condado de San Diego tuvo tasas inferiores al promedio estatal. Durante el período estudiado, las tasas del condado Imperial aumentaron 59%, mientras que las del condado de San Diego bajaron 9%. Las concentraciones máximas de ozono aumentaron 64% en el condado Imperial, pero se redujeron 46% en el condado de San Diego. Las concentraciones de partículas en suspensión fueron cuatro veces mayores en el condado Imperial que en el de San Diego. Las altas tasas de hospitalización por asma en niños en el condado Imperial podrían deberse en parte a las condiciones de pobreza y a la calidad cada vez peor del aire por aumento de la carga de contaminación que enfrenta el ambiente local. Hacen falta encuestas para investigar la prevalencia de asma y análisis temporales binacionales que examinen la relación entre esta enfermedad y la presencia de sustancias contaminantes.

Comparing Web, Group and Telehealth Formats of a Military Parenting Program

Science.gov (United States)

2016-06-01

materials are available upon request: • Online questionnaire for baseline data collection (9 pages) • Online parent survey for time point 1 (69 pages...web-based parenting intervention for military families with school-aged children, we expect to strengthen parenting practices in families and...AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-14-1-0143 TITLE: Comparing Web, Group and Telehealth Formats of a Military Parenting Program PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Comparação temporal das prevalências de asma e rinite em adolescentes em Fortaleza, Brasil Prevalences of asthma and rhinitis among adolescents in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil: temporal changes

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Maria de Fátima Gomes de Luna

2013-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever as prevalências de asma e rinite em adolescentes de 13-14 anos de idade em Fortaleza (CE em 2010 e compará-las com as prevalências obtidas em um inquérito em 2006-2007. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal envolvendo uma amostragem probabilística de 3.015 e 3.020 adolescentes, respectivamente, em 2006-2007 e 2010, utilizando o protocolo do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. RESULTADOS: Na comparação entre os dois períodos, não houve diferenças significativas em relação a sibilos cumulativos, asma ativa, quatro ou mais crises de sibilos no último ano, prejuízo do sono por sibilos > 1 noite/semana e crises limitando a fala. Em 2010, houve um aumento significativo na prevalência de sibilos após exercícios, tosse seca noturna e asma diagnosticada (p OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalences of asthma and rhinitis in adolescents (13-14 years of age in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2010, comparing the results with those obtained in a prevalence survey conducted in 2006-2007. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving probabilistic samples of 3,015 and 3,020 adolescents in surveys conducted in 2006-2007 and 2010, respectively. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood protocol was used on both occasions. RESULTS: Comparing the two periods, there were no significant differences regarding cumulative wheezing, active asthma, four or more wheezing attacks within the last year, sleep disturbed by wheezing more than one night per week, and speech-limiting wheezing. The prevalences of exercise-induced wheezing, dry cough at night, and physician-diagnosed asthma were significantly higher in 2010 than in the 20062007 period (p < 0.01 for all. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed rhinitis was significantly lower in 2010 (p = 0.01, whereas there were no significant differences between the two periods regarding cumulative rhinitis, current rhinitis, and rhinoconjunctivitis. In both

Examining the Center: Positions, Dominance, and Star Formation Rates of Most Massive Group Galaxies at Intermediate Redshift

Science.gov (United States)

Connelly, Jennifer L.; Parker, Laura C.; McGee, Sean; Mulchaey, John S.; Finoguenov, Alexis; Balogh, Michael; Wilman, David; Group Environment Evolution Collaboration

2015-01-01

The group environment is believed to be the stage for many galaxy transformations, helping evolve blue star-forming galaxies to red passive ones. In local studies of galaxy clusters, the central member is usually a single dominant giant galaxy at the center of the potential with little star formation thought to be the result of galaxy mergers. In nearby groups, a range of morphologies and star formation rates are observed and the formation history is less clear. Further, the position and dominance of the central galaxy cannot be assumed in groups, which are less massive and evolved than clusters. To understand the connections between global group properties and properties of the central group galaxy at intermediate redshift, we examine galaxy groups from the Group Environment and Evolution Collaboration (GEEC) catalog, including both optically- and X-ray-selected groups at redshift z~0.4. The sample is diverse, containing a range in overall mass and evolutionary state. The number of groups is significant, membership is notably complete, and measurements span the IR to the UV allowing the properties of the members to be connected to those of the host groups. Having investigated trends in the global group properties previously, including mass and velocity substructure, we turn our attention now to the galaxy populations, focusing on the central regions of these systems. The most massive and second most massive group galaxies are identified by their stellar mass. The positions of the most massive galaxies (MMGs) are determined with respect to both the luminosity-weighted and X-ray center. Star formation rates are used to explore the fraction of passive/quiescent versus star-forming MMGs and the dominance of the MMGs in our group sample is also tested. Determinations of these characteristics and trends constitute the important first steps toward a detailed understanding of the relationships between the properties of host groups and their most massive galaxies and the

Efecto del tabaquismo, los síntomas respiratorios y el asma sobre la espirometría de adultos de la Ciudad de México Effect of tobacco smoking, respiratory symptoms and asthma on spirometry among adults attending a check-up clinic in Mexico City

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Justino Regalado-Pineda

2005-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto del tabaquismo, los síntomas respiratorios y el asma sobre la función pulmonar espirométrica en población adulta mexicana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se generaron ecuaciones de predicción basadas en modelos de regresión lineal múltiple para la capacidad vital forzada (FVC, el vollumen espiratorio forzado al primer segundo (FEV1 y FEV1/FVC de espirometrías obtenidas de adultos que acuden a evaluación de salud y se determinó el efecto del tabaquismo, los síntomas respiratorios y el asma sobre los modelos de estos parámetros. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 919 sujetos de entre 14 y 86 años de edad. El asma disminuye la FVC y el FEV1 en hombres con un cambio en la R² OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of tobacco smoking, respiratory symptoms, and asthma on lung function among Mexican adults who were evaluated during a medical exam in a private health clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Reference prediction equations were generated for spirometry parameters [forced vital capacity (FVC, forced expired volume in one second (FEV1 and FEV1/FVC] based on multiple linear regression models. The effect of tobacco smoking, respiratory symptoms and asthma on these equations were explored. RESULTS: Spirometry tests were performed on 919 subjects from 14 to 86 years of age. Asthma decreased FVC and FEV1 in men with a R² change <1%. Respiratory symptoms decreased the FEV1/FVC ratio in both sexes. Tobacco smoking was associated with a significant reduction in FEV1 in women. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma lightly reduced lung function in males while tobacco smoking decreased FEV1, particularly in females.

Encuesta sobre cambios en el manejo y tratamiento del asma bronchial Survey on changes in asthma treatment and management

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Guillermo A. Raimondi

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Se realizó una encuesta a 518 especialistas de enfermedades respiratorias de un listado de la totalidad del país. Esta se refería al manejo y al tratamiento del acceso agudo y especialmente al asma estable, en adultos y en niños mayores de 6 años. Se obtuvieron 198 respuestas (38.2% de los cuestionarios enviados. Se compararon los resultados con los obtenidos en una encuesta realizada en 1994. Las respuestas se evaluaron como 0 (nunca, 1 (algunas veces, 2 (a menudo, 3 (siempre. Con estos valores se calculó un puntaje medio. Respecto a 1994 se encontró una buena tendencia referente al enfoque diagnóstico con más utilización de la prueba de reversibilidad a los broncodilatadores (2.74 ±2.3 vs 2.30±1.05 y la prueba terapéutica con corticoides (1.26±0.96 vs 0.98±0.84 y menor utilización de las pruebas cutáneas (0.50±0.83 vs 0.88±1.08. Referente al consejo de utilizar la sintomatología o el descenso del pico flujo espiratorio para reconocer el ataque del asma, ambos mejoraron significativamente (2.65±0.66 vs 2.29±0.90 y 1.93±1.05 vs 1.51±1.20, respectivamente. Criterios objetivos para evaluar el ataque de asma no siempre son utilizados por parte del médico y no mejoraron respecto a 1994 (2.14±1.04 vs 2.13±0.70. Referente al tratamiento en agudo, este enfoque mejoró notablemente con la casi totalidad de los encuestados que recomiendan b2 agonistas inhalados tanto en adultos como en niños (primera opción de tratamiento 85.3 vs 57.5% y 81.0 vs 63.4%, respectivamente. En el tratamiento de mantenimiento, se observó una mayor utilización de corticoides inhalados, sobre todo en los niños (2.09±1.01 vs 1.61±1.00, con dosis ahora correctas. Se observó menor utilización de b2 agonistas de acción corta en el tratamiento continuo, 0.40±0.78 vs 1.23±1.10 y 0.21±0.58 vs 1.23±1.00 en adultos y niños, respectivamente. A pesar de esta tendencia positiva en el manejo y tratamiento de asma bronquial no todo está de acuerdo

Geochemistry and source of iron-formation from Guanhaes group, Guanhaes district, Minas Gerais, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sad, J.H.G.; Chiodi Filho, C.; Magalhaes, J.M.M.; Carelos, P.M.

1990-01-01

The Guanhaes district is underlain by metavolcano-sedimentary rocks of the Guanhaes Group, emplaced over an older Archean basement and intruded by granitic bodies. The Guanhaes Group is composed of pelitic, mafic and ultramafic schists at the base; silicate and carbonate facies iron-formation, calcarious schists, calcsilicates rocks and quartzites at the median portion and para-gneisses (meta-graywacks) at the top. Geochemistry of iron-formation suggest a hydrothermal affinity comparable to the hydrothermal sediments flanking East Pacific Rise. Paragenetic studies indicates that the rocks were submited to two metamorphic processes: one of regional character (high-amphibolite facies) and one of themal character (pyroxene-hornfels facies). Chemical analysis, as X-ray and optic spectrography, atomic absorption and plasma spectrography are presented. (author)

Proton NMR study of the influence of heme vinyl groups on the formation of the isomeric forms of sulfmyoglobin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chatfield, M.J.; La Mar, G.N.; Balch, A.L.; Smith, K.M.; Parish, D.W.; LePage, T.J.

1986-01-01

The formation of sulfmyoglobin has been investigated for myoglobin reconstituted with hemins having vinyls replaced by hydrogens to determine the participation of the vinyl groups in the reaction processes. Green complexes are produced in all cases, proving that vinyls are not obligatory for the formation of sulfproteins. In the presence of the 4-vinyl group, the 1 H NMR spectra of the met-cyano derivatives indicate the formation of three green species; however, the most stable of these products is not formed in the absence of this group, confirming reaction of the 4-vinyl in this species. Two new red extractable sulfmyoglobin derivatives are formed in the absence of the 4-vinyl group. (Auth.)

Genetic associations with asthma and virus-induced wheezing: a systematic review Associação genética da asma e da sibilância induzida por vírus: uma revisão sistemática

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Leonardo Araujo Pinto

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Various wheezing phenotypes can be identified based on differences in natural histories, risk factors and responses to treatment. In epidemiologic studies, atopic asthma or virus-induced wheezing can be discriminated by the presence or the absence of sensitization to allergens. Children with asthma have been shown to present lower levels of lung function. Patients with viral respiratory infections evolve from normal lung function to enhanced airway reactivity. The objective of this study was to identify genes and polymorphisms associated with different wheezing phenotypes. Using data obtained from the Genetic Association Database, we systematically reviewed studies on genes and polymorphisms that have been associated with virus-induced wheezing or atopic asthma. The research was carried out in February of 2009. Genes associated with the studied outcomes in more than three studies were included in the analysis. We found that different genes and loci have been associated with virus-induced wheezing or atopic asthma. Virus-induced wheezing has frequently been associated with IL-8 polymorphisms, whereas atopic asthma and atopy have frequently been associated with Th2 cytokine gene (CD14 and IL-13 polymorphisms on chromosome 5. This review provides evidence that different wheezing disorders in childhood can be differently affected by genetic variations, considering their role on airway inflammation and atopy. Future studies of genetic associations should consider the different wheezing phenotypes in infancy. In addition, stratified analyses for atopy can be useful for elucidating the mechanisms of the disease.Diversos fenótipos de sibilância têm sido identificados com base em diferenças na história natural, fatores de risco e resposta ao tratamento. Em estudos epidemiológicos, a asma atópica ou sibilância induzida por vírus pode ser discriminada pela presença ou ausência de sensibilização a alérgenos. As crianças com asma apresentam n

Automatic Feature Selection and Weighting for the Formation of Homogeneous Groups for Regional Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) Curve Estimation

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Yang, Z.; Burn, D. H.

2017-12-01

Extreme rainfall events can have devastating impacts on society. To quantify the associated risk, the IDF curve has been used to provide the essential rainfall-related information for urban planning. However, the recent changes in the rainfall climatology caused by climate change and urbanization have made the estimates provided by the traditional regional IDF approach increasingly inaccurate. This inaccuracy is mainly caused by two problems: 1) The ineffective choice of similarity indicators for the formation of a homogeneous group at different regions; and 2) An inadequate number of stations in the pooling group that does not adequately reflect the optimal balance between group size and group homogeneity or achieve the lowest uncertainty in the rainfall quantiles estimates. For the first issue, to consider the temporal difference among different meteorological and topographic indicators, a three-layer design is proposed based on three stages in the extreme rainfall formation: cloud formation, rainfall generation and change of rainfall intensity above urban surface. During the process, the impacts from climate change and urbanization are considered through the inclusion of potential relevant features at each layer. Then to consider spatial difference of similarity indicators for the homogeneous group formation at various regions, an automatic feature selection and weighting algorithm, specifically the hybrid searching algorithm of Tabu search, Lagrange Multiplier and Fuzzy C-means Clustering, is used to select the optimal combination of features for the potential optimal homogenous groups formation at a specific region. For the second issue, to compare the uncertainty of rainfall quantile estimates among potential groups, the two sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test-based sample ranking process is used. During the process, linear programming is used to rank these groups based on the confidence intervals of the quantile estimates. The proposed methodology fills the gap

Presence of the dinosaur Scelidosaurus indicates Jurassic age for the Kayenta Formation (Glen Canyon Group, northern Arizona)

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Padian, Kevin

1989-05-01

The Glen Canyon Group (Moenave, Wingate, Kayenta and Navajo Formations) of northern Arizona represents an extensive outcrop of early Mesozoic age terrestrial sediments. The age of these formations has long been disputed because independent stratigraphic data from marine tie-ins, paleobotanical and palynological evidence, and radiometric calibrations have been scanty or absent. The fauna of the Kayenta Formation in particular has been problematic because it has appeared to contain both typical Late Triassic and Early Jurassic taxa Here I report that the principal evidence for Late Triassic taxa, dermal scutes previously assigned to an aetosaur, in fact belongs to the thyreophoran ornithischian dinosaur Scelidosaurus, previously known only as a washed-in form found in marine sediments in the Early Jurassic of England. The presence of this dinosaur represents the first vertebrate biostratigraphic tie-in of the Glen Canyon Group horizons with reliably dated marine deposits in Europe. Together with revised systematic assessments of other vertebrates and independent evidence from fossil pollen, it supports an Early Jurassic age for the Kayenta Formation and most or all of the Glen Canyon Group.

Instrumentos específicos para avaliar a qualidade de vida em crianças e adolescentes com asma

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Cristian Roncada

2013-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar e descrever os instrumentos específicos que avaliam a QVRS de crianças e adolescentes com asma. FONTES DOS DADOS: Realizamos buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, Ovid e LILACS utilizando várias combinações de descritores (MeSH terms, selecionando artigos originais sobre desenvolvimento de questionários específicos de QVRS, publicados em inglês, português ou espanhol, entre 1990 e 2012. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Foram identificados 15 instrumentos que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. A maioria dos estudos avaliou confiabilidade mediante consistência interna e/ou reprodutibilidade e/ou sensibilidade às mudanças. A validade foi avaliada mediante a comparação com hígidos (validade discordante ou análise fatorial. CONCLUSÕES: Dos 15 instrumentos, três são os mais utilizados, o PAQLQ, o PedsQL-Asthma e DISABKIDS. Em geral, estes três instrumentos possuem características psicométricas adequadas e são práticos de aplicar, mas apenas o PAQLQ completou a adaptação cultural para o Brasil.

Undergraduate ALFALFA Team: Analysis of Spatially-Resolved Star-Formation in Nearby Galaxy Groups and Clusters

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Finn, Rose; Collova, Natasha; Spicer, Sandy; Whalen, Kelly; Koopmann, Rebecca A.; Durbala, Adriana; Haynes, Martha P.; Undergraduate ALFALFA Team

2017-01-01

As part of the Undergraduate ALFALFA Team, we are conducting a survey of the gas and star-formation properties of galaxies in 36 groups and clusters in the local universe. The galaxies in our sample span a large range of galactic environments, from the centers of galaxy groups and clusters to the surrounding infall regions. One goal of the project is to map the spatial distribution of star-formation; the relative extent of the star-forming and stellar disks provides important information about the internal and external processes that deplete gas and thus drive galaxy evolution. We obtained wide-field H-alpha observations with the WIYN 0.9m telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory for galaxies in the vicinity of the MKW11 and NRGb004 galaxy groups and the Abell 1367 cluster. We present a preliminary analysis of the relative size of the star-forming and stellar disks as a function of galaxy morphology and local galaxy density, and we calculate gas depletion times using star-formation rates and HI gas mass. We will combine these results with those from other UAT members to determine if and how environmentally-driven gas depletion varies with the mass and X-ray properties of the host group or cluster. This work has supported by NSF grants AST-0847430, AST-1211005 and AST-1637339.

Role of protein-bound carbonyl groups in the formation of advanced glycation endproducts.

Science.gov (United States)

Liggins, J; Furth, A J

1997-08-22

Several mechanisms have been postulated for the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) from glycated proteins; they all feature protein-bound carbonyl intermediates. Using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), we have detected these intermediates on bovine serum albumin, lysozyme and beta-lactoglobulin after in vitro glycation by glucose or fructose. Carbonyls were formed in parallel with AGE-fluorophores, via oxidative Maillard reactions. Neither Amadori nor Heyns products contributed to the DNPH reaction. Fluorophore and carbonyl yields were much enhanced in lipid-associated proteins, but both groups could also be detected in lipid-free proteins. When pre-glycated proteins were incubated in the absence of free sugar, carbonyl groups were rapidly lost in a first-order reaction, while fluorescence continued to develop beyond the 21 days of incubation. Another unexpected finding was that not all carbonyl groups were blocked by aminoguanidine, although there was complete inhibition of reactions leading to AGE-fluorescence. It is suggested that carbonyls acting as fluorophore precursors react readily with aminoguanidine, while others are resistant to this hydrazine, possibly because they are involved in ring closure. Factors influencing the relative rates of acyclisation and hydrazone formation are discussed, together with possible implications for antiglycation therapy.

The Ultraviolet and Infrared Star Formation Rates of Compact Group Galaxies: An Expanded Sample

Science.gov (United States)

Lenkic, Laura; Tzanavaris, Panayiotis; Gallagher, Sarah C.; Desjardins, Tyler D.; Walker, Lisa May; Johnson, Kelsey E.; Fedotov, Konstantin; Charlton, Jane; Cardiff, Ann H.; Durell, Pat R.

2016-01-01

Compact groups of galaxies provide insight into the role of low-mass, dense environments in galaxy evolution because the low velocity dispersions and close proximity of galaxy members result in frequent interactions that take place over extended time-scales. We expand the census of star formation in compact group galaxies by Tzanavaris et al. (2010) and collaborators with Swift UVOT, Spitzer IRAC and MIPS 24 m photometry of a sample of 183 galaxies in 46 compact groups. After correcting luminosities for the contribution from old stellar populations, we estimate the dust-unobscured star formation rate (SFRUV) using the UVOT uvw2 photometry. Similarly, we use the MIPS 24 m photometry to estimate the component of the SFR that is obscured by dust (SFRIR). We find that galaxies which are MIR-active (MIR-red), also have bluer UV colours, higher specific SFRs, and tend to lie in Hi-rich groups, while galaxies that are MIR-inactive (MIR-blue) have redder UV colours, lower specific SFRs, and tend to lie in Hi-poor groups. We find the SFRs to be continuously distributed with a peak at about 1 M yr1, indicating this might be the most common value in compact groups. In contrast, the specific SFR distribution is bimodal, and there is a clear distinction between star-forming and quiescent galaxies. Overall, our results suggest that the specific SFR is the best tracer of gas depletion and galaxy evolution in compact groups.

Gestión del riesgo de asma por haba de soja: monitorización y vigilancia Risk management of soybean-related asthma: monitoring and surveillance

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Joan R. Villalbí

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Las emisiones de alérgeno durante la descarga de haba de soja en el puerto de Barcelona han sido causa de asma epidémica. Este trabajo describe las acciones de vigilancia y control de los servicios de salud pública. Métodos: Los datos se extraen del dispositivo de control durante el periodo de 1999 a 2009, detallando el sistema de vigilancia de emisiones y concentraciones ambientales de alérgeno (para las que se han fijado empíricamente niveles guía, y de salud. Resultados: De los 95 estudios de emisión, cuatro superaron los valores de alarma, con probables causas en los filtros. Las concentraciones ambientales medias son bajas, pero superaron el nivel de alarma 13 días; se relacionan con meteorología adversa e incidencias en las instalaciones. No se detectaron efectos en los pacientes del panel de vigilancia, ni días de asma epidémica. Conclusiones: El sistema detecta incidencias y ha mostrado su utilidad para preservar la salud pública.Objectives: Allergen emissions during soybean unloading operations in the Barcelona harbor have caused asthma epidemics. The present article aimed to describe the surveillance and control measures carried out by the public health services. Methods: Data were extracted from control systems from 1999 to 2009, with description of the surveillance schemes for allergen emissions, environmental concentrations (with defined reference levels and for health. Results: Of 95 studies of plant emission, four were above the reference levels, and filters were found to be the most likely cause. Mean environmental concentrations were low but were above the reference levels on 13 days; these levels were related to adverse meteorological conditions and incidents in the plants. No health effects were detected in the panel of patients nor epidemic asthma days. Conclusions: The system detects incidents and has shown its usefulness in protecting public health.

Rethinking Cysteine Protective Groups: S-Alkylsulfonyl-l-Cysteines for Chemoselective Disulfide Formation.

Science.gov (United States)

Schäfer, Olga; Huesmann, David; Muhl, Christian; Barz, Matthias

2016-12-12

The ability to reversibly cross-link proteins and peptides grants the amino acid cysteine its unique role in nature as well as in peptide chemistry. We report a novel class of S-alkylsulfonyl-l-cysteines and N-carboxy anhydrides (NCA) thereof for peptide synthesis. The S-alkylsulfonyl group is stable against amines and thus enables its use under Fmoc chemistry conditions and the controlled polymerization of the corresponding NCAs yielding well-defined homo- as well as block co-polymers. Yet, thiols react immediately with the S-alkylsulfonyl group forming asymmetric disulfides. Therefore, we introduce the first reactive cysteine derivative for efficient and chemoselective disulfide formation in synthetic polypeptides, thus bypassing additional protective group cleavage steps. © 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Community violence and childhood asthma prevalence in peripheral neighborhoods in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil Violência comunitária e prevalência de asma em crianças na periferia de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil

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Guilherme da Costa Alves

2012-01-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to identify degrees of exposure to community violence reported by parents and guardians of children from four to 12 years of age and the association with childhood asthma symptoms. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,232 parents/guardians in 24 peripheral neighborhoods in Salvador, the capital of Bahia State, Brazil. The authors investigated asthma symptoms in children and acts of violence in the community. More than 75% of parents/guardians had been exposed to community violence in the previous year, with 20% reporting high levels of exposure. Children that were more exposed to violence showed higher asthma prevalence (28.4% as compared to non-exposed children (16.4%. Children exposed to maximum levels of violence were nearly twice as likely to present asthma symptoms (adjusted OR = 1.94; 95%CI: 1.12-3.36. The study highlighted the relevance of community violence as a risk factor for asthma and the need for further research to elucidate methodological issues.O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar o grau de violência comunitária relatado por cuidadores de crianças entre quatro e 12 anos, além da influência dessa exposição na ocorrência de sintomas de asma nas crianças. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 1.232 cuidadores residentes na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Investigaram-se sintomas de asma nas crianças e atos violentos na comunidade. Aproximadamente 75% dos cuidadores foram vítimas de violência comunitária no último ano, com 20% convivendo com graus elevados deste fenômeno. Encontrou-se prevalência de 28,4% de sintomas asmáticos entre crianças expostas ao grau máximo de violência, e 16,4% entre as não expostas. Encontrou-se associação estatisticamente significante entre exposição ao nível máximo de violência e ocorrência de sintomas asmáticos (OR ajustada = 1,94; IC95%: 1,12-3,36. Nossos achados sugerem a importância da violência comunitária como um dos fatores de risco

Fatores preditivos da evolução da asma aguda em crianças Factors predictive of the development of acute asthma attacks in children

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Maria Luisa Zocal Paro

2005-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores preditivos da evolução da asma aguda, a partir de características clínicas e funcionais observadas no momento da admissão de crianças em unidade de emergência. MÉTODOS: Este estudo avaliou prospectivamente 130 crianças com asma aguda, na faixa etária de um a treze anos, no momento da admissão e durante a evolução em unidade de emergência, através de escore clínico e medidas de saturação arterial de oxigênio por oximetria de pulso e do pico de fluxo expiratório. RESULTADOS: Os valores iniciais de escore clínico, saturação arterial de oxigênio medida por oximetria de pulso e pico de fluxo expiratório apresentaram correlação com o número de inalações realizadas e a necessidade do uso de corticosteróide. As médias dos valores iniciais de escore clínico e da saturação arterial de oxigênio dos pacientes que foram internados foram estatisticamente diferentes das dos que não foram internados. Os valores iniciais de escore clínico e de saturação arterial de O2 e a existência de atendimento anterior pela mesma exacerbação foram preditivos da necessidade de hospitalização das crianças. CONCLUSÕES: A medida da saturação arterial de O2 e o escore clínico foram úteis para predizer a evolução da asma aguda em crianças. A medida do pico de fluxo expiratório é de difícil obtenção e interpretação nessa condição e demonstrou ter pouca aplicação prática.OBJECTIVE: To use clinical and functional characteristics observed upon admission to an emergency room to identify factors predictive of the occurrence and course of acute asthma attacks in children. METHODS: We prospectively studied 130 asthmatic children, from 1 to 13 years of age, who were treated for acute asthma attacks in an emergency room, evaluating status determined at admission and over the course of the crisis. Clinical scores were determined and arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry was measured, as was

Nuevos adyuvantes en la inmunoterapia específica de las enfermedades alérgicas: estudio de aspectos inmunológicos, celulares y repercusión funcional respiratoria en un modelo animal de asma bronquial

OpenAIRE

Vázquez de la Torre Gaspar, María, María

2015-01-01

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las sales de aluminio se vienen utilizando tradicionalmente, como adyuvante de la ITE s.c. convencional. La identificación de adyuvantes alternativos que indujeran una respuesta Th1 y T reguladora, mejoraría la eficacia de la ITE como tratamiento para el asma y otras enfermedades alérgicas. OBJETIVOS: El objetivo general de este proyecto es la comparación de la eficacia, clínica e inmunológica, de diferentes adyuvantes para inmunoterapia específica de las enfermedades alérgicas...

Erro alimentar nos primeiros meses de vida e sua associação com asma e atopia em pré-escolares Nutritional errors in the first months of life and their association with asthma and atopy in preschool children

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Simone Z. Strassburger

2010-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto de amamentação exclusiva e a introdução de leite de vaca no primeiro ano de vida no diagnóstico de asma, sibilância e atopia em crianças entre 3 e 4 anos de vida. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte aninhado a ensaio de campo randomizado que investigou a efetividade de orientações nutricionais no primeiro ano de vida de crianças, na cidade de São Leopoldo, RS. As crianças acompanhadas em relação a sua dieta no primeiro ano de vida, nesse estudo primário, foram revisitadas três anos mais tarde. Seus pais responderam, então, a um questionário relacionado a problemas respiratórios em seus domicílios, aplicado por entrevistadores treinados. As crianças também realizaram testes cutâneos para avaliar a resposta a alérgenos ambientais comuns. RESULTADOS: Do total de 397 crianças acompanhadas no primeiro ano de vida, 354 foram reavaliadas entre 3 e 4 anos de idade. A prevalência de sibilos, avaliada no período referente aos 12 meses prévios ao questionário, foi 21,3%, a de asma, 5,5% e a de atopia, 28,7%. Crianças que consumiram leite de vaca antes de 4 meses de vida tinham chance significativamente maior de apresentar asma entre 3 e 4 anos (OR 3,22; IC95%: 1,05-9,80. Aleitamento exclusivo por período menor de 6 meses foi marginalmente associado à atopia. CONCLUSÕES: A introdução precoce do leite de vaca mostrou-se importante fator de risco para o desencadeamento de sintomas da asma aos 4 anos de idade. Aleitamento materno por período superior a 6 meses está também potencialmente associado à proteção no desenvolvimento de atopia. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem haver um potencial de intervenção para diminuir o impacto da asma através de intervenções na dieta no primeiro ano de vida.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of exclusive breastfeeding and introduction of cow's milk in the first year of life on the diagnosis of asthma, wheezing, and atopy in children aged 3 to 4 years. METHODS

The time course of perceptual grouping: the role of segregation and shape formation.

Science.gov (United States)

Razpurker-Apfeld, Irene; Kimchi, Ruth

2007-07-01

The time course of perceptual grouping was examined in two experiments, using a primed matching task. In different conditions, elements were grouped into columns/rows by common lightness, into a shape (triangle/ arrow or square/cross) by common lightness, and into a shape without segregation of elements. The results showed an early and rapid grouping into columns/rows by common lightness and into a shape when no segregation from other elements was involved. Goodness of shape (i.e., triangle/arrow vs. square/cross) had no influence on how early grouping was evident, but the relatively poorer shapes appeared to consolidate with time. In contrast, grouping into a shape that involved segregation and required resolving figure-ground relations between segregated units, as grouping into a shape by common lightness, consumed time, regardless of shape goodness. These results suggest that the time course of grouping varies as a function of the processes involved in it (e.g., segregation and shape formation) and the conditions prevailing for each process.

Papel da hipersensibilidade e da atopia no diagnóstico e na clínica da asma

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José Alves

1996-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: Numa amostra raodomizada da população geral de 815 indivíduos de ambos os sexos e com idades entre 20 e 44 anos, residentes nas freguesias de Bonfim e Paranhos, e em 180 indíviduos sintomáticos, definidos pela aplicação de um inquérito de rastreio aplicado a uma amostra maior (4 045, também aleatória e escolhida entre à mesma população, estudámos a hipersensibillidade brônquica à metacolina (Pd, a sensibilidade cutânea a 10 alergénios, os valores séricos de IgE total e de IgEs especfficas para 5 alergénios e as respostas a um inquérito de 71 questões. Concordaram em executar toda a sequência de exames excepto o doseamento de IgE 263 elementos. Em 227 daqueles doseou-se a IgE. Considerámos sintomáticos (Stm OS indíviduos que responderam positivamente às questões nos 1, 1.1 e 1.2 (n=44 do inquérito e asmáticos (Amt os que responderam positivamente às questões nos 13 e 13.1 e com coerência clínica às questões 13.2, 13.3 e 13.4 (n=40. Relativamente à asma, definimos 4 graus: 0- não Amt(n=223;1- Amt sem crises no último ano (n=12; 2- Amt com ≤3 crises no último ano(n=23 e 3- Amt com >3 crises no último ano(n=5. Definimos fumadores os indivíduos com carga tabágica >1 UMA (Unidade Maço Ano(n=93 e ex-fumadores aqueles que com essa carga tabágica não fumavam há mais de 1 ano(n=30. Entre os respondentes que usaram medicação anti-asmática no último aoo, definimos 3 classes: 1- usaram β2 ou corticóides(n=20;2- β2 e corticóides(n=4 e 3-β2, corticóides e xantioa(n=5. Consideramos atópicos (Atp SC se mostraram 1 prova positiva(n=72 ou (Atp IgE se tinham uma das IgEs≥II (n=57. Definimos Pd+de acordo com os critérios clássicos(n=63. Obtivemos a percentagem de Stm, Atp SC, Atp IgE e Pd nos -t graus de Amt: 0- Stm 8,3, Atp SC 19,7, Atp IgE 17,4, Pd 17,5;1- Stm 2S, Atp

Uso do sulfato de magnésio por via venosa e nebulização para o tratamento da asma aguda na emergência Use of the intravenous and nebulized magnesium sulfate for the treatment of the acute asthma in the emergence

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Fabiano Timbó Barbosa

2007-09-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Tem sido mostrado que o sulfato de magnésio apresenta benefícios em adultos e crianças asmáticos, com fraca resposta aos agentes beta-agonistas e corticóides sistêmicos no departamento de emergência. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão não sistemática acerca do tratamento da asma aguda com sulfato de magnésio por via venosa e nebulização na emergência. CONTEÚDO: As primeiras investigações que demonstraram benefício no uso do sulfato de magnésio na asma são de 1938. Os efeitos do sulfato de magnésio podem ser mediados através da ação antagonista do cálcio ou através da função de co-fator em sistemas enzimáticos envolvendo o fluxo iônico através da membrana celular. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura através da base de dados MedLine nos últimos seis anos (2000 a 2006 e incluídos os artigos publicados na língua inglesa, através do cruzamento dos unitermos asma e sulfato de magnésio. CONCLUSÕES: A administração de rotina do sulfato de magnésio por via venosa e nebulização em pacientes com asma aguda grave que se apresentam no serviço de emergência não é recomendado; entretanto, como um tratamento adjuvante obtém-se algum benefício.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Magnesium sulfate has been shown to benefit asthmatic children and adults with poor responses to initial beta-agonist therapy and systemic corticoids in the emergency department. The aim of this study was to realize a no systematic review about the treatment of the acute asthma with intravenous and nebulized magnesium sulfate in the emergence. CONTENTS: The first investigations that demonstrate the benefit in the use of the magnesium sulfate in asthma date to 1938. The effects of magnesium sulfate may be mediated through its action as a calcium antagonist or through its function as a cofactor in enzyme systems involving ion flux across cell membranes. We realized a literature review using Med

Molecularly oriented surface relief formation in polymethacrylates comprising N-benzylideneaniline derivative side groups

Science.gov (United States)

Kawatsuki, Nobuhiro; Hosoda, Risa; Kondo, Mizuho; Sasaki, Tomoyuki; Ono, Hiroshi

2014-12-01

Molecularly oriented surface relief (SR) formation in polymethacrylates with N-benzylideneaniline (NBA) derivative side groups is investigated by holographic exposure using a 325 nm He-Cd laser. Because the NBA moieties show a photoinduced orientation perpendicular to the polarization of light, polarization holography successfully forms a molecularly oriented SR structure in accordance with the polarization distribution that includes p-polarized components. Although intensity holography induces molecular orientation, it does not generate a satisfactory SR structure. In all the holographic modes, the SR depth depends on the direction of the C=N bonds in the NBA moieties and the photoproducts affect the SR formation ability.

Prevalência de asma em escolares Prevalence of asthama in schoolchildren

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Antonio J. Amorim

2001-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar a prevalência dos sintomas e da doença de asma em crianças, em razão da alta freqüência de pacientes pediátricos com sintomas sugestivos da doença e da falta de dados de prevalência nesta população. MÉTODOS: Num estudo transversal, foram avaliados 2.735 escolares na faixa etária de 6-7 anos (crianças e 3.509 na de 13-14 anos (adolescentes, escolhidos por amostragem aleatória. Os dados foram coletados em 1998-99 utilizando-se o questionário escrito traduzido do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC, previamente testado e validado. O questionário dirigido às crianças foi respondido pelos seus responsáveis, enquanto os adolescentes responderam em sala de aula. Os dados foram transcritos e analisados pelo programa EPI-info. RESULTADOS: Taxa de devolução: 73,2% (6-7 anos e 94% (13-14 anos. Prevalência dos sintomas nas crianças e adolescentes: sibilos alguma vez, 46,7% e 44,3% (p OBJECTIVE: to assess the prevalence of asthma symptoms and of asthma in children due to the high frequency of pediatrics patients with symptoms suggestive of the disease and to the lack of data regarding prevalence of asthma in this population. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study with 2,735 school-age children aged 6-7 years and 3,509 adolescents aged 13-14 years selected by random sampling. Data were collected between 1998 and 1999 using a translated version of the questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children, which has been previously tested and approved. Guardians were responsible for answering the questionnaire of younger children, whereas adolescents answered their own, in classroom. The data were computed and analyzed using EPI-info software. RESULTS: The response rates for questionnaires were 73.2% (6-7-years old and 94% (13-14 years old. The prevalence of symptoms in children and adolescents were, respectively: wheezing ever 46.7% and 44.3% (P<0.05; wheezing

Infecção na modulaçâo da asma11 Trabalho apresentado no XXIII Congresso de Pneumologia da SPP – Guarda, Novembro 2007 / Paper presented at the XXIII Congresso de Pneumologia da SPP / PSP Pulmonology Congress, Guarda, November 2007

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J. Pinto Mendes

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Faz-se uma revisão da influência das infecções no aparecimento e na clínica da asma brônquica. Dá-se o relevo que merece à intervenção virusal, sobretudo ao rinovírus, pela sua influência nas exacerbações, e ao vírus sincicial respiratório, sobre o qual recai a suspeita de poder ser causa determinante no aparecimento da síndroma asmática. Tentam-se esclarecer os mecanismos da resposta imune à agressão virusal em função das debilidades da resposta do asmático e do atópico, sobretudo no período perinatal, salientando-se, ainda, um efeito de potenciação da agressão virusal sobre a resposta atópica. Aborda-se a hipótese higiénica e a sua falta de consistência científica, pelo menos no papel que pretende atribuir a um não demonstrado antagonismo das respostas linfocitárias Th1 e Th2, apontando-se a importância actual da investigação, não das bactérias mas dos produtos bacterianos, como as endotoxinas, na modulação da asma e da atopia, dando-se relevo aos estudos que, a partir deste modelo, demonstram uma influência do ambiente na secreção génica e, consequentemente, no fenótipo. Invocam-se, nas entrelinhas, vários mecanismos que podem explicar a asma neutrofílica que, para muitos, é um paradoxo perante o consagrado domínio do eosinófilo na inflamação asmática.Rev Port Pneumol 2008; XIV (5: 647-675 Abstract: This paper reviews the impact of infections on the onset and clinical course of bronchial asthma. A just emphasis is given to the role viral infections, particularly rhinovirus infections, play in exacerbations, and that played by respiratory syncytial virus, suspected of triggering the asthmatic syndrome. The mechanisms of the immune response to virus attacks are explained, highlighting the asthmatic and allergic patient’s weakened response, particularly in the perinatal

High Charge Mobility of a Perylene Bisimide Dye with Hydrogen-bond Formation Group

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2005-01-01

A perylene bisimide dye covalently bonded with a hydrogen-bond formation group of 1,3, 5-triazine-2, 4-diamine has been synthesized. Its casting films show a charge carrier mobility over 10-3 cm2/Vs, which is in the range of the highest values found for other promising charge transport materials suitable for solution processable technique.

[Allergen immunotherapy: Mechanisms of action, and therapeutic and socioeconomic impact Consensus of the Asociación Colombiana de Alergia, Asma e Imunología].

Science.gov (United States)

Sánchez, Jorge; Cardona, Ricardo; Caraballo, Luis; Serrano, Carlos; Ramírez, Ruth; Díez, Susana; García, Elizabeth; Segura, Ana María; Cepeda, Alfonso; Minotas, María

2016-09-01

Allergies comprise a set of highly prevalent diseases. When allergic processes are not controlled, they can endanger patients' health and lives, and have an important economic and social impact. The aim of this paper is to present a practical consensus of the scientific evidence on the use of immunotherapy in allergic diseases. A collaborative review made by various institutes and universities in Colombia was carried out upon request of the Asociación Colombiana de Alergia, Asma e Imunología, led by general practitioners, allergists, immunologists, internists and paediatricians with experience in the field of allergies. As a result, based on current national and international scientific evidence, we describe in detail what immunotherapy is about, its indications, contraindications and its economic and health benefits. Conclusions show immunotherapy as a clinically effective and safe treatment, which can substantially reduce the cost of the overall treatment of allergic patients.

Prevalência e gravidade da asma em adolescentes e sua relação com índice de massa corporal Prevalence and severity of asthma among adolescents and their relationship with the body mass index

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Vitor E. Cassol

2005-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre o aumento do índice de massa corporal e a prevalência e a gravidade da asma em escolares adolescentes residentes em Santa Maria e região (RS. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal de base populacional, do qual participaram 4.010 adolescentes (13 e 14 anos de idade, sem restrições de sexo, tendo preenchido de forma correta o questionário do International Study of Asthma and Allergies fase III (módulo asma. Utilizou-se o índice de massa corporal (kg/m² com os seguintes percentis (Organização Mundial de Saúde para definir o estado nutricional: abaixo do quinto (desnutrição, igual ou superior ao quinto e inferior ao 85° (normal, igual ou superior ao 85° e inferior ao 95° (sobrepeso, igual ou superior ao 95° (obesidade. Para verificar a associação entre índice de massa corporal e a prevalência e gravidade da asma, foi utilizado o teste do qui-quadrado para tendência linear, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: O aumento do índice de massa corporal mostrou associação positiva e significante com o da prevalência de "sibilos alguma vez" (p = 0,036 e a de "sibilos após exercício" (p = 0,008, independentemente do sexo. Quando estratificado por gênero, houve associação positiva apenas para "sibilos alguma vez" (p = 0,028 para meninos e "sibilos após exercício" (p = 0,03 para meninas. CONCLUSÃO: O aumento do índice de massa corporal associou-se com o aumento da prevalência de sibilos alguma vez na vida, mas não com o aumento da prevalência e gravidade da asma em adolescentes.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the increase of body mass index and the prevalence and severity of asthma in adolescents from Santa Maria, in southern Brazil, and surrounding regions. METHOD: A cross-sectional, observational, population-based study was carried out with 4,010 schoolchildren aged 13 and 14 years, without any gender restrictions, who answered the written questionnaire of the

Interacting star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Overmerging problem solved by cluster group formation

Science.gov (United States)

Leon, Stéphane; Bergond, Gilles; Vallenari, Antonella

1999-04-01

We present the tidal tail distributions of a sample of candidate binary clusters located in the bar of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). One isolated cluster, SL 268, is presented in order to study the effect of the LMC tidal field. All the candidate binary clusters show tidal tails, confirming that the pairs are formed by physically linked objects. The stellar mass in the tails covers a large range, from 1.8x 10(3) to 3x 10(4) \\msun. We derive a total mass estimate for SL 268 and SL 356. At large radii, the projected density profiles of SL 268 and SL 356 fall off as r(-gamma ) , with gamma = 2.27 and gamma =3.44, respectively. Out of 4 pairs or multiple systems, 2 are older than the theoretical survival time of binary clusters (going from a few 10(6) years to 10(8) years). A pair shows too large age difference between the components to be consistent with classical theoretical models of binary cluster formation (Fujimoto & Kumai \\cite{fujimoto97}). We refer to this as the ``overmerging'' problem. A different scenario is proposed: the formation proceeds in large molecular complexes giving birth to groups of clusters over a few 10(7) years. In these groups the expected cluster encounter rate is larger, and tidal capture has higher probability. Cluster pairs are not born together through the splitting of the parent cloud, but formed later by tidal capture. For 3 pairs, we tentatively identify the star cluster group (SCG) memberships. The SCG formation, through the recent cluster starburst triggered by the LMC-SMC encounter, in contrast with the quiescent open cluster formation in the Milky Way can be an explanation to the paucity of binary clusters observed in our Galaxy. Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile}

Prevalencia y riesgos asociados con pacientes adultos con asma de 40 años o más de la Ciudad de México: estudio de base poblacional Adult asthma in Mexico City: a population-based study

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Cecilia García-Sancho

2012-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Determinar la prevalencia de asma y la asociación entre características sociodemográficas, espirométricas, síntomas respiratorios, calidad de vida y sueño en adultos >40 años. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Este informe es parte del estudio PLATINO (Proyecto Latinoamericano de Investigación en Obstrucción Pulmonar, llevado a cabo en la Ciudad de México y área metropolitana en 2003. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística ajustados por el diseño del estudio, donde asma fue la variable dependiente y las independientes síntomas respiratorios y características sociodemográficas y clínicas, entre otras. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de asma diagnosticada por médico fue de 3.3% en hombres y 6.2% en mujeres. La función pulmonar disminuyó en asmáticos. En el análisis multivariado, después de ajustar por confusores potenciales, los asmáticos mostraron un mayor riesgo de ronquido más somnolencia excesiva diurna [RM=3.2 (IC95%1.4-7.4, p=0.008], y mayor frecuencia de inasistencias laborales por problemas respiratorios [RM=5.1 (IC95% 2.5-10.4, pOBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of asthma and the association between sociodemographic characteristics, spirometry, respiratory symptoms, quality of life and sleep in adults > 40 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This report is part of our study (Latin American Research Project Obstructive Pulmonary, held in Mexico City and the metropolitan area in 2003. We used logistic regression models adjusted for study design, where asthma was the dependent and independent variable respiratory symptoms, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics among others. RESULTS: The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was: 3.3% in men and 6.2% in women. Decreased lung function in asthmatics was observed. In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, asthmatics had a higher risk of excessive daytime sleepiness more snoring [OR = 3.2 (95% CI 1.4-7.4, p= 0.008], and more frequent

Econometric analyses of microfinance credit group formation, contractual risks and welfare impacts in Northern Ethiopia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Berhane Tesfay, G.

2009-01-01

Key words
Microfinance, joint liability, contractual risk, group formation, risk-matching, impact evaluation, Panel data econometrics, dynamic panel probit, trend models, fixed-effects, composite counterfactuals, propensity score matching, farm households, Ethiopia.

Lack of

Depositional History and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Middle Ordovician Yeongheung Formation (Yeongweol Group), Taebaeksan Basin, mid-east Korea

Science.gov (United States)

Kwon, Yoo Jin; Kwon, Yi Kyun

2017-04-01

The Middle Ordovician Yeongheung Formation consists of numerous meter-scale, shallowing-upward cycles which were deposited on a shallow-marine carbonate platform. Many diagnostic sedimentary textures and structures such as supratidal laminite, tepee structure, and solution-collapsed breccia are observed, which enable to infer the dry climate and high salinity conditions during deposition of the formation. In order to understand its depositional history, this study focuses on vertical and spatial stacking patterns of the second- to third-order sequences through the detailed outcrop description and geologic mapping. A total 19 lithofacies have been recognized, which can be grouped into 5 facies associations (FAs): FA1 (Supratidal flat), FA2 (Supratidal or dolomitization of peritidal facies), FA3 (Intertidal flat), FA4 (Shallow subtidal to peritidal platform), FA5 (Shallow subtidal shoal). Global mega-sequence boundary (Sauk-Tippecanoe) occurs in solution-collapsed breccia zone in the lower part of the formation. Correlation of the shallowing-upward cycle stacking pattern across the study area defines 6 transgressive-regressive depositional sequences. Each depositional sequences comprises a package of vertical and spatial staking of shallow subtidal cycles in the lower part and peritidal cycles in the upper part of the formation. According to sequence stratigraphic interpretation, the reconstructed relative sea-level curve of the Yeongweol platform is very similar to that of the Taebaek platform. Based on the absence of siliciclastic sequence such as the Jigunsan Formation and the lithologic & stratigraphic differences, however, the Yeongweol and Taebaek groups might not belong to a single depositional system within the North China platform. The Yeongweol Group can be divided by the four subunits into their unique lithologic successions and geographic distributions. The Eastern subunit of the Yeongweol Group is composed dominantly of carbonate rocks with a high

Development and validation of an asthma knowledge questionnaire for use in Brazil Desenvolvimento e validação de um questionário de conhecimento em asma para uso no Brasil

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Marcos Carvalho Borges

2010-02-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an asthma knowledge questionnaire for use in adult asthma patients in Brazil. METHODS: A 34-item self-report questionnaire was constructed and administered to adult asthma patients and adult controls. The maximum total score was 34. RESULTS: The questionnaire was shown to be discriminatory, with good reliability and reproducibility. The mean score for asthma patients and controls was, respectively, 21.47 ± 4.11 (range: 9-31 and 17.27 ± 5.11 (range: 7-28; p OBJETIVO: Desenvolver e validar um questionário de conhecimento em asma para pacientes adultos asmáticos no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Um questionário autoaplicável com 34 itens foi desenvolvido e aplicado em asmáticos e controles adultos. A pontuação total máxima era 34. RESULTADOS: O questionário mostrou-se discriminante, com boa confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade. O escore médio para os asmáticos e controles foi, respectivamente, 21,47 ± 4,11 (variação: 9-31 e 17,27 ± 5,11 (variação: 7-28; p < 0,001. O teste de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin revelou uma medida de adequação de 0,53, e o teste de esfericidade de Bartlett demonstrou uma adequação satisfatória dos dados para a análise fatorial (p < 0,001. Não houve diferença significativa entre os escores totais obtidos na primeira e na segunda aplicação do questionário, com um intervalo de duas semanas (p = 0,43. O coeficiente de consistência interna (coeficiente KR-20 foi 0,69. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo validou um questionário de educação em asma para uso no Brasil.

Frequência de sintomas de asma e de redução da função pulmonar entre crianças e adolescentes nadadores amadores Incidence of asthma symptoms and decreased pulmonary function in young amateur swimmers

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Iara Nely Fiks

2009-03-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Investigar a frequência de sintomas de asma entre crianças e adolescentes nadadores amadores e descrever o tratamento clínico entre as crianças asmáticas em um clube esportivo privado na cidade de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 171 nadadores amadores de 6 a 14 anos de idade. Todos os participantes ou seus responsáveis foram solicitados a responder o questionário International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC, e 119 realizaram prova de função pulmonar em repouso. RESULTADOS: A frequência geral de sintomas de asma (ISAAC > 6 pontos entre os nadadores foi de 16,8%. Entre os 119 nadadores que realizaram a espirometria, 39 (32,7% apresentaram alterações espirométricas (VEF1/CVF 6, 10 (31,2% alegaram não realizar nenhum tipo de tratamento para a doença. Daqueles que afirmaram realizar tratamento medicamentoso, 24% faziam uso de broncodilatadores mas não de corticosteroides. CONCLUSÕES: A frequência de sintomas de asma e de alterações da função pulmonar em nadadores amadores de 6 a 14 anos foi elevada. Além disso, uma proporção considerável destes atletas não recebia tratamento.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of asthma symptoms in young amateur swimmers, and to describe the clinical treatment of the children with asthma in a private sports club in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The study included 171 amateur swimmers, ranging from 6 to14 years of age. All of the participants or their legal guardians were asked to complete the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC questionnaire, and 119 were submitted to pulmonary function testing at rest. RESULTS: The overall incidence of asthma symptoms (ISAAC score > 6 among the swimmers was 16.8%. Of the 119 swimmers submitted to spirometry, 39 (32.7% presented spirometric alterations (FEV1/FVC 6, there were 10 (31.2% who stated that they were receiving no asthma treatment. Of those who reported

Impacto do programa de atenção integral à criança com asma em Unidade de Saúde na Cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará

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Joelma Aurélio Sousa

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Nas últimas décadas, a asma tornou-se um importante problema de saúde pública, visto o significativo crescimento da prevalência e da mortalidade dessa doença. Desde 1996, as entidades médicas e governamentais promoveram a criação de consensos sobre o assunto com o objetivo de programar medidas para melhorar a assistência médica e reduzir a morbimortalidade dessa enfermidade. Objetivou-se avaliar a melhora clínica dos pacientes e correlacioná-la à adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso e/ou ambiental. Foi realizado estudo documental retrospectivo descritivo analítico, com dados coletados em prontuários de pacientes que participaram do PROAICA na Unidade de Saúde Lineu Jucá, em Fortaleza-Ceará, no período de 2009 a 2014. Esses dados foram armazenados e processados usando o programa Epi Info 7.0. Observou-se melhora clínica dos pacientes após o inicio da participação no programa, assim como melhora na classificação de gravidade da asma quando se compara a primeira à ultima consulta médica. Houve aumento de 28,06% nos pacientes classificados como intermitente, redução de 20,15% dos casos persistentes leves e diminuição de 10,79% nos classificados como persistente moderado. No entanto, ocorreu um aumento de 2,88% de pacientes graves. Verificou-se melhora na classificação de controle clinico nos pacientes com classificação parcialmente controlada e não controlada. Os dados analisados mostram a importância do programa e sua colaboração para o controle da asma, facilitando a melhor visualização das dificuldades ainda encontradas em sua implementação de modo a promover possíveis mudanças para garantir um melhor atendimento e maior efetividade do PROAICA.Impact of comprehensive care program for children with asthma in Health Unit in the City of Fortaleza, CearáAbstract: Introduction: In recent decades, asthma has become an important public health problem, since the significant growth of the prevalence and

Theoretical predictions of hydrolysis and complex formation of group-4 elements Zr, Hf and Rf in HF and HCl solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pershina, V.; Trubert, D.; Le Naour, C.; Kratz, J.V.

2002-01-01

Fully relativistic molecular density-functional calculations of the electronic structures of hydrated, hydrolyzed and fluoride/chloride complexes have been performed for group-4 elements Zr, Hf, and element 104, Rf. Using the electronic density distribution data, relative values of the free energy change for hydrolysis and complex formation reactions were defined. The results show the following trend for the first hydrolysis step of the cationic species: Zr>Hf>Rf in agreement with experiments. For the complex formation in HF solutions, the trend to a decrease from Zr to Hf is continued with Rf, provided no hydrolysis takes place. At pH>0, further fluorination of hydrolyzed species or fluoro-complexes has an inversed trend in the group Rf≥Zr>Hf, with the difference between the elements being very small. For the complex formation in HCl solutions, the trend is continued with Rf, so that Zr>Hf>Rf independently of pH. A decisive energetic factor in hydrolysis or complex formation processes proved to be a predominant electrostatic metal-ligand interaction. Trends in the K d (distribution coefficient) values for the group-4 elements are expected to follow those of the complex formation

Collaborative group and teacher formation: (transformation dialogues with a fledging university professor - doi: 10.4025/actascieduc.v35i2.20307

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Maria Aparecida de Souza Perrelli

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Discussions on university teaching, teaching initiation and the necessary teacher support during the initial phase of their career are provided. The above mentioned discussions foregrounded a study by a research-formation collaborative Group. Sharing participants in the Group were involved in reflections on their professional practice to (transform themselves in the process. The text focused on a Group member, a fledging female professional in university teaching, and the support provided by co-trainers during this difficult phase in her career. Support comprised the provision of conditions for dialogues with the teacher, prompting her to understand the reasons that underlay their practice. Different strategies were used, esp the ‘formation letters’. The above contributed towards the production of an autobiographical narrative in which the professor reflected on her formation process as a professor. The reflective narratives on the teacher’s life, produced within the Group’s mediation and shared with its members, constituted important formation themes not merely for the teacher but also for those who interacted with her in the collaborative Group.

Abordaje del asma bronquial en edad pediátrica desde una perspectiva integrativa: percepciones de médicos homeópatas y médicos pediatras / Addressing asthma in pediatric integrative perspective: perceptions of homeopathic doctors and pediatricians

OpenAIRE

Quiroga Rocha, Patricia

2010-01-01

La perspectiva integrativa de la medicina permite asociar a la medicina moderna los tratamientos complementaros y alternativos basados en la evidencia y en particular la homeopatía. Así se tienen presente todos los aspectos del estilo de vida del paciente: los físicos, emocionales, intelectuales, sociales y espirituales entre otros. Datos de la OMS establecen que unos 300 millones de personas en el mundo, actualmente sufren de asma siendo la enfermedad crónica más común entre los niños. Se cr...

Proposta de indicadores e padrões para a avaliação de qualidade da atenção hospitalar: o caso da asma brônquica Indicators and standards proposal for the evaluation of the quality of hospital care: the case for bronchial asthma

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Marina Ferreira de Noronha

1996-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivos propor indicadores para a avaliação de qualidade da assistência hospitalar a pacientes com asma brônquica, através de critérios explícitos baseados em revisão bibliográfica. O problema central da atenção apontado pela bibliografia foi a existência de falhas na avaliação da gravidade da crise de asma, tanto por parte dos pacientes e familiares, como pelos profissionais de saúde de todos os níveis da atenção, resultando em sérias conseqüências não só para o paciente, como também para a sociedade em geral. No Brasil, de 1980 a 1990, ocorreram em média 2.000 óbitos por asma/ano, sendo cerca de 70% deles intra-hospitalares. O diagnóstico de asma foi a quarta causa de internação no Estado do Rio de Janeiro em 1993. Somente 12% dos 81 casos que foram a óbito fizeram uso de UTI. Essas informações justificam uma avaliação mais apurada da assistência hospitalar a essa doença, e, como contribuição para o processo de avaliação, propomos a realização de revisão da internação de todos os casos que resultaram em óbito e revisão esporádica de uma amostra das internações. Os critérios propostos são: avaliação da gravidade da crise, avaliação da terapia medicamentosa prescrita, educação do paciente e/ou familiares e agendamento de consulta pós-alta hospitalar.The objectives of this article are to propose indicators for evaluation of the quality of hospital management of bronchial asthma patients, based on explicit criteria from literature reviews. The central problem identified in the literature review is the erroneous evaluation of severity of asthma crises, either by patients and their relatives, or by health professionals at all levels of care, causing serious consequences not only for the patient, but for society as a whole. Mortality figures indicate that from 1980 to 1990, an average of 2000 deaths per year from asthma occurred in Brazil, of which 70% occurred in

Mechanism of trans-vinylene groups formation in the radiolysis of polyethylene and n-alkanes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Borzov, S.M.; Sukhov, F.F.; Slovokhotova, N.A.

1984-01-01

Infrared spectra of polyethylene and some n-alkanes were studied after their irradiation at 20 K with 1-MeV electrons and subsequent heating to 160 K. The mechanism of trans-vinylene groups formation is suggested, which takes into account the decay of excited states of molecules in primary processes and the intra-chain recombination of free radicals in post-irradiation reactions. (author)

Assessment and prediction of asthma and its severity in the pediatric community Avaliação e predição da asma e sua gravidade na comunidade pediátrica

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Julio Cesar R. Pereira

1990-12-01

Full Text Available Seventy four asthmatic children aged 7 to 11 years were examined along with controls matched by age and sex. Clinical and laboratory investigations preceded a 28-day follow-up where data about morning and evening peak expiratory flow rate (PEF, symptoms and treatment were recorded. The coefficient of variation of PEF was found to be an objective measurement of asthma severity that has statistically significant correlation with both symptoms (r s= .36 and treatment (r s= .60. Moreover, it separates mild and severe asthmatics, as confirmed by statistically significant differences (p= .008 or less in symptoms, treatment, skin allergy and airways response to exercise. Skin allergy and airways responsiveness to exercise were found to be predictors of both disease and severity. By means of logistic regression analysis it was possible to establish the probabilities for both asthma and severe asthma when children presenting and not presenting these characteristics are compared. One single positive skin test represent a probability of 88% for the development of asthma and a probability of 70% for severe disease. A PEF reduction of 10% after an exercise test implies a probability of 73% for disease and a probability of 64% for severe disease. Increases in these variables imply geometrically increased risks and their presence together have a multiplicative effect in the final risk.Foram submetidas a exames, juntamente com grupos controle segundo idade e sexo,74 crianças asmáticas, com idade de 7 a 11 anos. Exames clínicos e laboratoriais precederam um acompanhamento de 28 dias, quando foram registrados dados sobre a taxa de pico do fluxo respiratório (PEF, sintomas e tratamento. Observou-se que o coeficiente de variação do PEF é uma medida objetiva do grau de gravidade da asma, que tem uma correlação estatística significativa, tanto com os sintomas (r s = .036, quanto com o tratamento (r s = .60. Além disso, separa os asmáticos graves e leves

Diferensiasi Asma Atopik dengan Nonatopik pada Pasien Rawat Jalan di Klinik Paru-Asma

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Prayudi Santoso

2013-06-01

Full Text Available There is a difficulty in asthma management regarding to unclear mechanism of asthma, and a variety of asthma phenotypes that individually require individual therapy and approach. The asthmatic phenotype atopic and nonatopic was clinically difficult to distinguish. The study was analytical descriptive with cross-sectional design. The study aim was to explore the differences of atopic and non-atopic asthmatic characteristics. The study subjects were newly asthmatic patients who were out-patients of An-Nur Lung-Asthmatic Clinic, Bandung, in 2007–2008. In patients examined total IgE, spirometry and skin prick test. There were 198 asthmatic patients comprising 149 (75.3% atopic and 40 (24.7% non-atopic asthma. The median of the non-atopic age was 39 years, while the atopic was 34 years (p=0.039. There was a significant difference between atopic (68.5% and non-atopic (44.9% in complaint of short breath (p=0.003, but non significant in spirometric examination. The history of atopy were present in atopic asthma group (p=0.011, with significance in rhinitis (81.2 vs 61.2 OR=2.7 and urticaria (14.8 vs 4.1 OR=4.0. Non-atopic asthma was not more severe that atopic asthma was known from examination of forced expiratory volume first second (FEV1. Rhinitis patient, having urticaria, have greater risk for atopic asthma. There were no difference in skin prick test results between both groups. The clinical symptoms of atopic group were in line with the positivenes results of IgE examination. Clinical condition of rhinitis and urticaria direct to the diagnosed towards atopic asthma compared than other clinical features or spirometric result.

ON THE FORMATION OF AMIDE POLYMERS VIA CARBONYL–AMINO GROUP LINKAGES IN ENERGETICALLY PROCESSED ICES OF ASTROPHYSICAL RELEVANCE

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Förstel, Marko; Maksyutenko, Pavlo; Jones, Brant M.; Kaiser, Ralf I. [Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, 2545 McCarthy Mall, 96822 HI (United States); Sun, Bing J.; Lee, Huan C.; Chang, Agnes H. H., E-mail: ralfk@hawaii.edu, E-mail: hhchang@mail.ndhu.edu.tw [Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan (China)

2016-04-01

We report on the formation of organic amide polymers via carbonyl–amino group linkages in carbon monoxide and ammonia bearing energetically processed ices of astrophysical relevance. The first group comprises molecules with one carboxyl group and an increasing number of amine moieties starting with formamide (45 u), urea (60 u), and hydrazine carboxamide (75 u). The second group consists of species with two carboxyl (58 u) and up to three amine groups (73 u, 88 u, and 103 u). The formation and polymerization of these linkages from simple inorganic molecules via formamide und urea toward amide polymers is discussed in an astrophysical and astrobiological context. Our results show that long chain molecules, which are closely related to polypeptides, easily form by energetically processing simple, inorganic ices at very low temperatures and can be released into the gas phase by sublimation of the ices in star-forming regions. Our experimental results were obtained by employing reflectron time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, coupled with soft, single photon vacuum ultraviolet photoionization; they are complemented by theoretical calculations.

ON THE FORMATION OF AMIDE POLYMERS VIA CARBONYL–AMINO GROUP LINKAGES IN ENERGETICALLY PROCESSED ICES OF ASTROPHYSICAL RELEVANCE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Förstel, Marko; Maksyutenko, Pavlo; Jones, Brant M.; Kaiser, Ralf I.; Sun, Bing J.; Lee, Huan C.; Chang, Agnes H. H.

2016-01-01

We report on the formation of organic amide polymers via carbonyl–amino group linkages in carbon monoxide and ammonia bearing energetically processed ices of astrophysical relevance. The first group comprises molecules with one carboxyl group and an increasing number of amine moieties starting with formamide (45 u), urea (60 u), and hydrazine carboxamide (75 u). The second group consists of species with two carboxyl (58 u) and up to three amine groups (73 u, 88 u, and 103 u). The formation and polymerization of these linkages from simple inorganic molecules via formamide und urea toward amide polymers is discussed in an astrophysical and astrobiological context. Our results show that long chain molecules, which are closely related to polypeptides, easily form by energetically processing simple, inorganic ices at very low temperatures and can be released into the gas phase by sublimation of the ices in star-forming regions. Our experimental results were obtained by employing reflectron time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, coupled with soft, single photon vacuum ultraviolet photoionization; they are complemented by theoretical calculations

Tradução e adaptação cultural do Asthma Control Scoring System (Sistema de Escore para Controle Abrangente da Asma para uso no Brasil The Asthma Control Scoring System: translation and cross-cultural adaptation for use in Brazil

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Michelle Gonçalves de Souza Tavares

2010-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente, para uso no Brasil, um instrumento específico de escore para o controle abrangente da asma, denominado Asthma Control Scoring System (ACSS. MÉTODOS: O protocolo incluiu dez etapas: autorização escrita do autor do ACSS; tradução do instrumento para a língua portuguesa do Brasil por três tradutores; análise e comparação das três versões por um comitê revisor; retradução literal para o inglês; revisão e harmonização da retradução; aprovação do autor do ACSS; revisão da tradução por especialistas; desdobramento cognitivo: teste da clareza, compreensão e aceitabilidade junto à população alvo (avaliação da tradução por 10 profissionais da área da saúde; segundo desdobramento cognitivo: revisão da nova versão por um segundo grupo de profissionais da área de saúde; e reconciliação e elaboração da versão final pelo comitê revisor. RESULTADOS: A versão do ACSS em português do Brasil apresentou clareza, compreensão e aceitabilidade. O instrumento foi considerado abrangente por englobar as manifestações clínicas, funcionais e inflamatórias da asma. CONCLUSÕES: Com o uso desta metodologia criteriosa empregada para a adaptação transcultural do ACSS, asseguramos sua adequação cultural para uso no Brasil. O uso desse instrumento poderá facilitar futuros estudos sobre o controle da asma.OBJECTIVE: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of a specific scoring instrument for the comprehensive control of asthma, the Asthma Control Scoring System (ACSS, for use in Brazil. METHODS: The protocol included ten steps: acquisition of written permission from the author of the ACSS; translation of the instrument to Brazilian Portuguese, carried out by three separate translators; analysis and comparison of the three versions by a review committee; literal back-translation to English; review and harmonization of the back-translation; acquisition of the approval of the

Determinação de escore e nota de corte do módulo de asma do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood para discriminação de adultos asmáticos em estudos epidemiológicos Determining the score and cut-off point that would identify asthmatic adults in epidemiological studies using the asthma module of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire

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Elayne de Fátima Maçãira

2005-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Validar o questionário padronizado escrito do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, módulo sobre asma, para pesquisa de prevalência de asma, estabelecendo seu escore e a nota de corte para discriminação de adultos asmáticos. MÉTODOS: Entrevistamos pacientes ambulatoriais adultos, 40 asmáticos e 38 controles, pareados por sexo e idade, utilizando o módulo de asma do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, composto por oito aspectos dicotômicos de asma. Determinamos o escore e a nota de corte para discriminação de asmáticos, definindo sua sensibilidade, especificidade e índice de Youden. Validamos o método em contraposição ao diagnóstico clínico e funcional. A reprodutibilidade das questões individuais foi testada por meio de reentrevistas de metade dos pacientes após algumas semanas. RESULTADOS: O escore variou de 0 a 14 pontos. Um escore = 5 pontos permitiu discriminar pacientes asmáticos (sensibilidade = 93%, especificidade = 100% e índice de Youden = 0,93. A maioria das questões apresentou boa reprodutibilidade, observada em reentrevista após 48,2 ± 11,1 dias (Kappa e Kappa ponderado variando de 0,43 a 1,00 para as questões individuais. CONCLUSÃO: A validação de uma nota de corte permite uma interpretação alternativa às informações fornecidas pelo módulo de asma do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, levando em conta o conjunto das informações e não somente as respostas individuais de cada questão em estudos de prevalência de asma em adultos.OBJECTIVE: To validate, for use in asthma prevalence studies, the asthma module of the standardized written questionnaire developed for use in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, establishing the score and cut-off point that would identify asthmatic adults. METHODS: We interviewed 78 adult outpatients (40 adult asthmatics and 38 age-matched and gender-matched controls

Efeitos das condições climáticas no trimestre de nascimento sobre asma e pneumonia na infância e na vida adulta em uma coorte no Sul do Brasil The effects of season at time of birth on asthma and pneumonia in childhood and adulthood in a birth cohort in southern Brazil

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David Alejandro González

2008-05-01

Full Text Available Avaliaram-se os efeitos do clima no trimestre do nascimento e nos seis primeiros meses de vida (temperatura média em tercis sobre as hospitalizações por asma e pneumonia em pré-escolares e sobre o diagnóstico de asma em adultos pertencentes ao estudo de coorte de nascimento de 1982 de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Essa coorte incluiu todos os 5.914 nascidos vivos naquele ano, dos quais, 77% foram acompanhados até a idade adulta (23-24 anos. Os resultados demonstraram que os nascidos entre abril e junho (outono apresentaram risco de hospitalização por pneumonia e asma/"bronquite" 1,31 (IC95%: 0,99-1,73 a 2,35 (IC95%: 1,11-4,99 vezes maior do que os nascidos entre janeiro-março (verão. O risco de hospitalizações conforme a temperatura média nos seis primeiros meses de vida foi 1,64 (IC95%: 1,26-2,13 a 3,16 (IC95%: 1,63-6,12 vezes maior no tercil frio do que no quente. Os efeitos da sazonalidade diminuíram com a idade, sendo pouco evidente a associação com asma aos 23-24 anos. As hospitalizações foram mais freqüentes entre crianças pobres, mas os efeitos da sazonalidade sobre a pneumonia foram mais evidentes entre os ricos.This study evaluated the effects of seasonal weather at time of birth and ambient temperature during the first six months of life on hospitalizations due to asthma and pneumonia in preschool children and on diagnosis of asthma in adulthood among individuals from the 1982 birth cohort in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The cohort included 5,914 live births, of which 77% were followed up until adulthood (23-24 yr. The risk of hospitalization due to pneumonia and asthma among children born from April to June (autumn was 1.31 (95%CI: 0.99-1.73 to 2.4 (95%CI: 1.11-4.99 times higher than that of children born from January to March (summer. For temperature in the first six months of life, risk of hospitalization was 1.64 (95%CI: 1.26-2.13 to 3.16 (95%CI: 1.63-6.12 times higher for children born in the

Influence of carboxyl group formation on ammonia adsorption of NiO-templated nanoporous carbon surfaces

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meng, Long-Yue [Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751 (Korea, Republic of); Park, Soo-Jin, E-mail: sjpark@inha.ac.kr [Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751 (Korea, Republic of)

2012-11-15

The scope of this work was to control the surface functional groups of nanoporous carbons (NPs) by oxidizing agents (nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide) treatments and to investigate the relation between carboxyl group and ammonia removal efficiency. The NPs were directly prepared from a cation exchange resin by the carbonization of a mixture with Ni acetate at 900 Degree-Sign C. N{sub 2}/-196 Degree-Sign C adsorption, Boehm's titrations, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyzes were employed to confirm the physicochemical properties of NPs. The ammonia removal efficiency was confirmed by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) technique. In the result, the oxygen content of NPs increased after various treatments and the highest content of carboxyl group formation appeared at a 2:3 volume ratio of HNO{sub 3}/H{sub 2}O{sub 2}. It was also found that the oxidation treatment led to an increase in ammonia removal efficiency of NPs, mainly due to an increase of acid oxygen functional groups (such as carboxyl) on NPs surfaces. -- Graphical abstract: The nanoporous carbons were prepared from an exchange resin by the carbonization of a mixture with Ni acetate for ammonia adsorption. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The carbons were prepared from an exchange resin by the carbonization of a mixture with Ni acetate. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The carbon surfaces were modified with HNO{sub 3}/H{sub 2}O{sub 2} solution at different volume radio. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The highest content of carboxyl group formation appeared at a 2:3 volume ratio of HNO{sub 3}/H{sub 2}O{sub 2}. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The acid oxygen functional groups (such as carboxyl) on carbon surfaces led to an increase in ammonia adsorption.

Educational Outcomes of Small-Group Discussion Versus Traditional Lecture Format in Dental Students' Learning and Skills Acquisition.

Science.gov (United States)

Arias, Ana; Scott, Raymond; Peters, Ove A; McClain, Elizabeth; Gluskin, Alan H

2016-04-01

The aim of this prospective quantitative study was to compare the effect of different instructional formats on dental students' skills and knowledge acquisition for access cavity preparation. All first-year dental students were invited to participate in this study conducted during the four consecutive two-week endodontic rotation courses at the University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry in spring semester 2015. Four alphabetically distributed intact groups of students were randomly allocated to two groups (n=70 each) that participated in either small-group discussion or a traditional lecture on access preparation. The first outcome measure was skill acquisition, measured by the quality of access cavities prepared in extracted teeth at the conclusion of the session. Two blinded raters scored direct observations on a continuous scale. Knowledge, the second outcome measure, was scored with a multiple-choice and open-ended question test at the end of each two-week session. Data were obtained for 134 of the 140 students, for a 96% response rate. The results showed that students in the small-group discussion groups scored significantly higher than those in the lecture groups when skill performance was tested (p=8.9 × 10(-7)). However, no significant differences were found in the acquisition of knowledge between the two groups on the written test. Active student participation was significantly related to improved manual skill acquisition, but the format of the session does not seem to have had a direct influence on acquired knowledge.

Prediction of Gibbs energies of formation and stability constants of some secondary uranium minerals containing the uranyl group

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Genderen, A.C.G. van; Weijden, C.H. van der

1984-01-01

For a group of minerals containing a common anion there exists a linear relationship between two parameters called ΔO and ΔF.ΔO is defined as the difference between the Gibbs energy of formation of a solid oxide and the Gibbs energy of formation of its aqueous cation, while ΔF is defined as the Gibbs energy of reaction of the formation of a mineral from the constituting oxide(s) and the acid. Using the Gibbs energies of formation of a number of known minerals the corresponding ΔO's and ΔF's were calculated and with the resulting regression equation it is possible to predict values for the Gibbs energies of formation of other minerals containing the same anion. This was done for 29 minerals containing the uranyl-ion together with phosphate, vanadate, arsenate or carbonate. (orig.)

Prevalência de sintomas de asma e tratamento de crianças e adolescentes de 2 a 14 anos no Campus Aproximado da PUCRS Prevalence of asthma symptoms and treatment of children and adolescents from 2 to 14 years of age in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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Brasília Itália C. S. Ache

2005-04-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Nas últimas décadas tem havido aumento da prevalência da asma. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de sintomas de asma em crianças e adolescentes de 2 a 14 anos em Porto Alegre (RS, relacionando-a com o perfil socioeconômico, tratamento e hábito de fumar intradomiciliar. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal em que foram entrevistadas todas as famílias atendidas em junho de 2000. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de sintomas de asma foi de 49,5%. Em 66,8% das famílias a renda era inferior a quatro salários mínimos e em mais de 50% a escolaridade materna e paterna era menor que cinco anos. Em 98,5% não havia utilização de tratamento preventivo para asma. Nas 174 famílias estudadas 38,7% das mães, 43,7% dos pais e 32,7% de ambos eram fumantes. Houve associação entre as seguintes variáveis: exposição ao fumo intradomiciliar e número de crises de asma no último ano (p = 0,02; RR = 2,9; IC: 1,1 - 4,5; escolaridade materna e número de crises no último ano (p = 0,03; RR = 2,03; IC: 1,01 - 4,19; aglomeração e número de crises no último ano entre as crianças expostas ao fumo (p = 0,04; RR = 2,7; IC: 1,4 - 5,1; hospitalização e número de crises no último ano (p = 0,004; RR = 1,46; IC: 1,15 -1,86; hospitalização e aglomeração (p = 0,03; RR = 1,47; IC: 1,15 -1,86. Nos menores de cinco anos, houve associação entre fumo materno e número de crises no último ano (p = 0,03; RR = 1,79; IC: 1,04 - 3,08. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de sintomas de asma foi alta. A comunidade estudada é limitada do ponto de vista socioeconômico e não trata adequadamente a enfermidade, o que demonstra necessidade de atendimento priorizado, normatizado e com insumos e processos avaliativos para controle da doença.BACKGROUND: In recent decades, the prevalence of asthma has increased. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of asthma symptoms in children and adolescents from 2 to 14 years of age living in Porto Alegre (in the state of Rio Grande

Lithostratigraphy of the Calico Hills Formation and Prow Pass Tuff (Crater Flat Group) at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moyer, T.C.; Geslin, J.K.

1995-01-01

Lithostratigraphic relations within the Calico Hills Formation and Prow Pass Tuff (Crater Flat Group) were reconstructed from analysis of core samples and observation of outcrop exposures. The Calico Hills Formation is composed of five nonwelded pyroclastic units (each formed of one or more pyroclastic-flow deposits) that overlie an interval of bedded tuff and a basal volcaniclastic sandstone unit. The Prow Pass Tuff is divided into four pyroclastic units and an underlying interval of bedded tuff. The pyroclastic units of the Prow Pass Tuff are distinguished by the sizes and amounts of their pumice and lithic clasts and their degree of welding. Pyroclastic units of the Prow Pass Tuff are distinguished from those of the Calico Hills Formation by their phenocryst assemblage, chemical composition, and ubiquitous siltstone lithic clasts. Downhole resistivity tends to mirror the content of authigenic minerals, primarily zeolites, in both for-mations and may be useful for recognizing the vitric-zeolite boundary in the study area. Maps of zeolite distribution illustrate that the bedded tuff and basal sandstone units of the Calico Hills Formation are altered over a wider area than the pyroclastic units of both the Calico Hills Formation and the upper Prow Pass Tuff

Lithostratigraphy of the Calico Hills Formation and Prow Pass Tuff (Crater Flat Group) at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moyer, T.C.; Geslin, J.K. [Science Applications International Corp., Las Vegas, NV (United States)

1995-07-01

Lithostratigraphic relations within the Calico Hills Formation and Prow Pass Tuff (Crater Flat Group) were reconstructed from analysis of core samples and observation of outcrop exposures. The Calico Hills Formation is composed of five nonwelded pyroclastic units (each formed of one or more pyroclastic-flow deposits) that overlie an interval of bedded tuff and a basal volcaniclastic sandstone unit. The Prow Pass Tuff is divided into four pyroclastic units and an underlying interval of bedded tuff. The pyroclastic units of the Prow Pass Tuff are distinguished by the sizes and amounts of their pumice and lithic clasts and their degree of welding. Pyroclastic units of the Prow Pass Tuff are distinguished from those of the Calico Hills Formation by their phenocryst assemblage, chemical composition, and ubiquitous siltstone lithic clasts. Downhole resistivity tends to mirror the content of authigenic minerals, primarily zeolites, in both for-mations and may be useful for recognizing the vitric-zeolite boundary in the study area. Maps of zeolite distribution illustrate that the bedded tuff and basal sandstone units of the Calico Hills Formation are altered over a wider area than the pyroclastic units of both the Calico Hills Formation and the upper Prow Pass Tuff.

Improved patient selection by stratified surgical intervention

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wang, Miao; Bünger, Cody E; Li, Haisheng

2015-01-01

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Choosing the best surgical treatment for patients with spinal metastases remains a significant challenge for spine surgeons. There is currently no gold standard for surgical treatments. The Aarhus Spinal Metastases Algorithm (ASMA) was established to help surgeons choose...... the most appropriate surgical intervention for patients with spinal metastases. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of stratified surgical interventions based on the ASMA, which combines life expectancy and the anatomical classification of patients with spinal metastases...... survival times in the five surgical groups determined by the ASMA were 2.1 (TS 0-4, TC 1-7), 5.1 (TS 5-8, TC 1-7), 12.1 (TS 9-11, TC 1-7 or TS 12-15, TC 7), 26.0 (TS 12-15, TC 4-6), and 36.0 (TS 12-15, TC 1-3) months. The 30-day mortality rate was 7.5%. Postoperative neurological function was maintained...

Aptitud clínica ante el paciente pediátrico con asma grave en residentes de pediatría y urgencias

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J. Loría-Castellanos

Full Text Available Objetivo. Construir, validar y aplicar un instrumento para evaluar la aptitud clínica de los residentes de pediatría y urgencia ante los pacientes pediátricos con asma grave. Sujetos y métodos. Estudio observacional autorizado por el comité de investigación. El instrumento se construyó a través de cinco casos clínicos reales, validado por consenso de expertos en pediatría, urgencias e investigación educativa, obteniéndose una versión final de 150 ítems con una consistencia de 0,89. Se evaluaron 10 residentes de pediatría y 21 de urgencias. Se realizó un análisis estadístico no paramétrico. Resultados. La mayoría de los residentes (79,73% se ubicaron en los niveles bajos-muy bajos de aptitud clínica, ninguno alcanzó niveles superiores. Las pruebas estadísticas no encontraron diferencias entre los grados académicos o la especialidad. Conclusiones. El instrumento construido tiene una adecuada consistencia. El proceso educativo al que se han sometido estos residentes parece no favorecer el desarrollo de reflexión, lo que podría limitar su práctica profesional real.

Group additivity values for enthalpies of formation (298 K), entropies (298 K), and molar heat capacities (300 K < T < 1500 K) of gaseous fluorocarbons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Van Otterloo, Maren K.; Girshick, Steven L.; Roberts, Jeffrey T.

2007-01-01

A group additivity method was developed to estimate standard enthalpies of formation and standard entropies at 298 K of linear radical and closed-shell, gaseous fluorocarbon neutrals containing four or more carbon atoms. The method can also be used to estimate constant pressure molar heat capacities of the same compounds over the temperature range 300 K to 1500 K. Seventeen groups and seven fluorine-fluorine interaction terms were defined from 12 fluorocarbon molecules. Interaction term values from Yamada and Bozzelli [T. Yamada, J.W. Bozzelli, J. Phys. Chem. A 103 (1999) 7373-7379] were utilized. The enthalpy of formation group values were derived from G3MP2 calculations by Bauschlicher and Ricca [C.W. Bauschlicher, A. Ricca, J. Phys. Chem. A 104 (2000) 4581-4585]. Standard entropy and molar heat capacity group values were estimated from ab initio geometry optimization and frequency calculations at the Hartree-Fock level using the 6-31G(d) basis set. Enthalpies of formation for larger fluorocarbons estimated from the group additivity method compare well to enthalpies of formation found in the literature

Cooperation during cultural group formation promotes trust towards members of out-groups.

Science.gov (United States)

Pan, Xiaofei Sophia; Houser, Daniel

2013-07-07

People often cooperate with members of their own group, and discriminate against members of other groups. Previous research establishes that cultural groups can form endogenously, and that these groups demonstrate in-group favouritism. Given the presence of cultural groups, the previous literature argues that cultural evolution selects for groups that exhibit parochial altruism. The source of initial variation in these traits, however, remains uninformed. We show here that a group's economic production environment may substantially influence parochial tendencies, with groups formed around more cooperative production (CP) displaying less parochialism than groups formed around more independent production (IP) processes. Participants randomized into CP and IP production tasks formed cultural groups, and subsequently played hidden-action trust games with in-group and out-group trustees. We found CP to be associated with significantly greater sharing and exchanging behaviours than IP. In trust games, significant parochial altruism (in-group favouritism combined with out-group discrimination) was displayed by members of IP groups. By contrast, members of CP groups did not engage in either in-group favouritism or out-group discrimination. Further, we found the absence of out-group discrimination in CP to persist even following 'betrayal'. Finally, belief data suggest that members of CP are not more intrinsically generous than IP members, but rather more likely to believe that out-group trustees will positively reciprocate. Our results have important implications for anyone interested in building cooperative teams, and shed new light on connections between culture and cooperation.

Ab initio computational study of –N-C and –O-C bonding formation : functional group modification reaction based chitosan

Science.gov (United States)

Siahaan, P.; Salimah, S. N. M.; Sipangkar, M. J.; Hudiyanti, D.; Djunaidi, M. C.; Laksitorini, M. D.

2018-04-01

Chitosan application in pharmaceutics and cosmeceutics industries is limited by its solubility issue. Modification of -NH2 and -OH fuctional groups of chitosan by adding carboxyl group has been shown to improve its solubility and application. Attempt to synthesize carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) from monocloroacetic acid (MCAA) has been done prior this report. However no information is available wether –OH (-O-C bonding formation) or -NH2 (-N-C bonding formation) is the preference for - CH2COOH to attach. In the current study, the reaction mechanism between chitosan and MCAA reactants into carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) was examined by computational approach. Dimer from of chitosan used as a molecular model in calculation All the molecular structure involved in the reaction mechanism was optimized by ab initio computational on the theory and basis set HF/6-31G(d,p). The results showed that the - N-C bonding formation via SN2 than the -O-C bonding formation via SN2 which have activation energy 469.437 kJ/mol and 533.219 kJ/mol respectively. However, the -O-C bonding formation more spontaneous than the -N-C bonding formation because ΔG the formation of O-CMC-2 reaction is more negative than ΔG of formation N-CMC-2 reaction is -4.353 kJ/mol and -1.095 kJ/mol respectively. The synthesis of N,O-CMC first forms -O-CH2COOH, then continues to form -NH-CH2COOH. This information is valuable to further optimize the reaction codition for CMC synthesis.

S-Lagrangian dynamics of many-body systems and behavior of social groups: Dominance and hierarchy formation

Science.gov (United States)

Sandler, U.

2017-11-01

In this paper, we extend our generalized Lagrangian dynamics (i.e., S-Lagrangian dynamics, which can be applied equally to physical and non-physical systems as per Sandler (2014)) to many-body systems. Unlike common Lagrangian dynamics, this is not a trivial task. For many-body systems with S-dependent Lagrangians, the Lagrangian and the corresponding Hamiltonian or energy become vector functions, conjugated momenta become second-order tensors, and the system inevitably develops a hierarchical structure, even if all bodies initially have similar status and Lagrangians. As an application of our theory, we consider dominance and hierarchy formation, which is present in almost all communities of living species. As a biological basis for this application, we assume that the primary motivation of a groups activity is to attempt to cope with stress arising as pressure from the environment and from intrinsic unmet needs of individuals. It has been shown that the S-Lagrangian approach to a group's evolution naturally leads to formation of linear or despotic dominance hierarchies, depending on differences between individuals in coping with stress. That is, individuals that cope more readily with stress take leadership roles during the evolution. Experimental results in animal groups which support our assumption and findings are considered.

SOCIAL COMPETENCE FORMATION AMONG TEENAGERS FROM HUMANIST TREND MULTIPLE-AGED GROUPS

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Larisa A. Krapivina

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The paper studies the problems of social development of adolescents in multiple-aged groups (MAG.Methods. The methods involve socio-personal approach, consideration of the subject in a certain ideological humanistic orientation, comparative analysis, and comparison of historical facts, the study of social phenomena of different ages, long-term scientific observations, reflections, a retrospective analysis of personal experience.Results. The author describes objective conditions for the uprise of extremist, subcultural youth of multiple-aged groups, and the reasons whence they begin to perform distinctive functions that are specific for teenagers. Options for models of MAG humanistic educational systems formed in Russian and foreign social and pedagogical practice are listed. A complex of pedagogical conditions provided for the formation of social competence of adolescents in multiple-aged associations of humanistic orientation is considered. It has been found that this type of system is characterized by the following features: the principle of voluntary association of people, independence of subjects, rapid adaptation to changing socio-cultural situation, a variety of activities by interests, alternating change of activities, conflict resolution within the team, a high level of team spirit, selfmanagement, the creative nature of educational process, upbringing, socialization and self-realization. A brief description of conditions for development of fundamental human values among adolescents and formation of new specific complicated humanistic human and personal relations in global world is given.Scientific novelty. The author studies the following concepts: educational system of multiple-aged associations, teenager social competence, ambivalent behavior, emotional and moral compass of personality, invisible assets of the team, emergent effect of multiple-aged groups, inter-age communication. It was found that the specificity of MAG educational

Efficacy of formative evaluation using a focus group for a large classroom setting in an accelerated pharmacy program.

Science.gov (United States)

Nolette, Shaun; Nguyen, Alyssa; Kogan, David; Oswald, Catherine; Whittaker, Alana; Chakraborty, Arup

2017-07-01

Formative evaluation is a process utilized to improve communication between students and faculty. This evaluation method allows the ability to address pertinent issues in a timely manner; however, implementation of formative evaluation can be a challenge, especially in a large classroom setting. Using mediated formative evaluation, the purpose of this study is to determine if a student based focus group is a viable option to improve efficacy of communication between an instructor and students as well as time management in a large classroom setting. Out of 140 total students, six students were selected to form a focus group - one from each of six total sections of the classroom. Each focus group representative was responsible for collecting all the questions from students of their corresponding sections and submitting them to the instructor two to three times a day. Responses from the instructor were either passed back to pertinent students by the focus group representatives or addressed directly with students by the instructor. This study was conducted using a fifteen-question survey after the focus group model was utilized for one month. A printed copy of the survey was distributed in the class by student investigators. Questions were of varying types, including Likert scale, yes/no, and open-ended response. One hundred forty surveys were administered, and 90 complete responses were collected. Surveys showed that 93.3% of students found that use of the focus group made them more likely to ask questions for understanding. The surveys also showed 95.5% of students found utilizing the focus group for questions allowed for better understanding of difficult concepts. General open-ended answer portions of the survey showed that most students found the focus group allowed them to ask questions more easily since they did not feel intimidated by asking in front of the whole class. No correlation was found between demographic characteristics and survey responses. This may

Use of formative research and social network theory to develop a group walking intervention: Sumter County on the Move!

Science.gov (United States)

Forthofer, Melinda; Burroughs-Girardi, Ericka; Stoisor-Olsson, Liliana; Wilcox, Sara; Sharpe, Patricia A; Pekuri, Linda M

2016-10-01

Although social support is a frequently cited enabler of physical activity, few studies have examined how to harness social support in interventions. This paper describes community-based formative research to design a walking program for mobilizing naturally occurring social networks to support increases in walking behavior. Focus group methods were used to engage community members in discussions about desired walking program features. The research was conducted with underserved communities in Sumter County, South Carolina. The majority of focus group participants were women (76%) and African American (92%). Several important themes emerged from the focus group results regarding attitudes toward walking, facilitators of and barriers to walking, ideal walking program characteristics, and strategies for encouraging community members to walk. Most noteably, the role of existing social networks as a supportive influence on physical activity was a recurring theme in our formative research and a gap in the existing evidence base. The resulting walking program focused on strategies for mobilizing, supporting and reinforcing existing social networks as mechanisms for increasing walking. Our approach to linking theory, empirical evidence and community-based formative research for the development of a walking intervention offers an example for practitioners developing intervention strategies for a wide range of behaviors. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The effect of oxytocin on group formation and strategic thinking in men.

Science.gov (United States)

Aydogan, Gökhan; Jobst, Andrea; Loy, Fabian; Dehning, Sandra; Zill, Peter; Müller, Norbert; Kocher, Martin

2018-04-01

Decision-making in groups is a remarkable and decisive element of human societies. Humans are able to organize themselves in groups, engage in collaborative decision-making processes and arrive at a binding agreement, even in the absence of unanimous consent. However, the transfer of decision-making autonomy requires a willingness to deliberately expose oneself to the decisions of others. A lack of trust in the abilities of others or of the underlying decision-making process, i.e. public trust, can lead to a breakdown of organizations in political or economic domains. Recent studies indicate that the biological basis of trust on an individual level is related to Oxytocin, an endogenous neuropeptide and hormone, which is also associated with pro-social behavior and positive conflict resolution. However, little is known about the effects of Oxytocin on the inclination of individuals to form or join groups and to deliberately engage in collaborative decision-making processes. Here, we show that intranasal administration of Oxytocin (n = 60) compared to placebo (n = 60) in males causes an adverse effect on the choice for forming groups in the presence of a competitive environment. In particular, Oxytocin negatively affects the willingness to work collaboratively in a p-Beauty contest game, whereas the effect is most pronounced for participants with relatively high strategic sophistication. Since our data provide initial evidence that Oxytocin has a positive effect on strategic thinking and performance in the p-Beauty contest game, we argue that the adverse effect on group formation might be rooted in an enhanced strategic sophistication of participants treated with Oxytocin. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A intervenção da célula epitelial na asma

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Anabela Mota Pinto

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Faz-se uma revisão da intervenção da célula epitelial brônquica na fisiopatologia da asma. O epitélio que reveste as vias respiratórias actua como uma barreira física, separando o meio externo do meio interno pulmonar, controla a permeabilidade intercelular e transcelular, e, deste modo, a acessibilidade dos agressores inalantes às células apresentadoras de antigénio envolvidas na resposta imunoinflamatória. As células epiteliais unidas por tight junctions contribuem para a integridade das vias aéreas e expressam poliovirus receptor– related protein (PRR, toll like receptors (TLR e protease-activated receptors (PAR, que reconhecem agentes bacterianos e alergénios. A sua disfunção transforma-as em fonte de mediadores intervenientes na inflamação.A interacção bidireccional entre, por um lado, o epitélio e os elementos constitutivos do brônquio e por outro, as partículas inaladas, tem subjacente a formação de uma unidade, com identidade própria designada EMTU – epithelial mesenchymal trophic unit.Esta extensa intervenção coloca a célula epitelial no centro de acção da cronicidade e remodelação do processo asmático.As doenças infecciosas e o stress ambiental são capazes de induzir alterações a nível da célula epitelial susceptíveis de modificar a sua resposta a estimulações futuras, nomeadamente a ampliar a resposta a outras agressões infecciosas por acção sinérgica das vias de sinalização.O epitélio brônquico tem assim funções de barreira que lhe permite exercer uma permeabilidade selectiva, a nível intracelular e transcelular, é ainda metabolicamente activo pelas capacidade de produzir mediadores quimiotácticos e citocinas envolvidos no recrutamento e na activação celular, com repercussão na broncomotricidade e na remodelação da parede br

Asma bronquial en la población infantil de 5 a 14 años de un área de salud de Santiago de Cuba Bronchial asthma in children 5 to14 years from a health area of Santiago de Cuba

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Nelsa Sagaró del Campo

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio observacional de 158 niños con asma bronquial -- seleccionados mediante un muestreo por conglomerado bietápico --, dispensarizados por dicha afección en el área de salud del Policlínico Docente "José Martí Pérez" de Santiago de Cuba, durante el 2011, a fin de estimar la prevalencia de las principales características clinicoepidemiológicas en ellos. En la investigación se obtuvo homogeneidad del sexo femenino en todos los grupos etarios, a pesar de un ligero predominio de los varones de 10 a 14 años de edad, así como primacía de la afección entre los precedentes patológicos personales y la conjuntivitis alérgica como antecedente familiar. Igualmente, el asma persistente grave tuvo un mayor porcentaje y los agentes desencadenantes de las crisis asmáticas fueron, en orden descendente de frecuencia, los alergenos domiciliarios, el humo del cigarro, las infecciones, los ejercicios, los contaminantes de tipo doméstico y los medicamentos. El tratamiento más empleado se basó en broncodilatadores y el menos habitual, en cromonas; en tanto el hacinamiento fue el factor desfavorable más observado en los hogares de estos niños y el control de la enfermedad resultó generalmente parcial.An observational study was carried in 158 children with bronchial asthma -- selected by a two-stage cluster sampling -- attended and monitored by this disease in the health area from "José Martí Pérez" Teaching Polyclinic of Santiago de Cuba during 2011, in order to estimate the prevalence of the main clinical and epidemiological characteristics in them. In the study homogeneity of the female sex was observed in all age groups, in spite of a slight predominance of males 10 to 14 years, as well as primacy of the disease between past medical history and allergic conjunctivitis as family history. Likewise, severe persistent asthma had a higher percentage and triggers of asthma attacks were, in decreasing order of frequency

Fatores de risco para consultas em pronto-socorro por crianças asmáticas no Sul do Brasil

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Chatkin Moema

2000-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Traçar um perfil das crianças asmáticas do município de Pelotas, RS, conhecer o manejo da doença e os fatores de risco associados a consultas em pronto-socorro, motivadas por asma. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal aninhado a um estudo de coorte, realizado na área urbana de Pelotas, cidade de médio porte do Sul do Brasil. Participaram 981 crianças de 4-5 anos, pertencentes à coorte de 1993. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de asma encontrada na amostra estudada foi de 25,4%. A morbidade por asma foi elevada: 31% das crianças asmáticas haviam procurado o pronto-socorro no último ano, 57% tinham consultado médico e 26%, de 1 a 4 anos, foram internadas por asma. Na análise geral, escolaridade e renda familiar baixas associaram-se com consultas em pronto-socorro (RO=4,1 para 0 a 4 anos de escolaridade e RO=6,5 para menos de 1 salário-mínimo. Dormir em quartos com 3 ou mais pessoas também mostrou-se associado (RO=2,2, bem como severidade das crises (RO=2,7, uso de medicamentos para asma no último ano (RO=1,9 e internações por asma (RO=3,0. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de asma entre crianças pré-escolares em Pelotas é alta, levando a grande morbidade. Encontraram-se como fatores preditores de consultas em pronto-socorro por asma, após análise multivariada, a baixa escolaridade das mães, severidade das crises e internação por asma.

Forma rara de apresentação de corpo estranho traqueobrônquico simulando asma grave: Caso clínico Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration simulating asthma attack: A case report

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Miguel Guimarães

2007-03-01

Full Text Available O broncoespasmo é um dos sintomas clássicos de asma que pode ocorrer também em outras patologias. A aspiração de corpos estranhos traqueobrônquicos no adulto é uma dessas situações, que embora rara pode permanecer oculta por períodos de tempo prolongados. Os autores apresentam o caso clínico de um jovem asmático vítima de acidente de trabalho do qual resultou aspiração de corpo estranho pouco usual e só posteriormente reconhecido.Wheezing is a major symptom of asthma although it may be present in other pathologies. Foreign body aspiration a situation that often remains hidden for long periods of time. The authors present a case report of an asthmatic victim of workplace accident with aspiration of foreign body that was only suspected after some time.

The formation of heterodimers by vancomycin group antibiotics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Staroske, T; O'Brien, DP; Jørgensen, Thomas J. D.

2000-01-01

The formation of heterodimers in mixtures of glycopeptide antibiotics has been detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and dimerization constants have been determined. By using NMR spectroscopy, it has been shown that these heterodimers indeed exist in aqueous solution...

ULTRAVIOLET+INFRARED STAR FORMATION RATES: HICKSON COMPACT GROUPS WITH SWIFT AND SPITZER

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tzanavaris, P.; Hornschemeier, A. E.; Immler, S.; Gallagher, S. C.; Johnson, K. E.; Reines, A. E.; Gronwall, C.; Hoversten, E.; Charlton, J. C.

2010-01-01

We present Swift UVOT ultraviolet (UV; 1600-3000 A) data with complete three-band UV photometry for a sample of 41 galaxies in 11 nearby ( -1 ) Hickson Compact Groups (HCGs) of galaxies. We use UVOT uvw2-band (2000 A) photometry to estimate the dust-unobscured component, SFR UV , of the total star formation rate, SFR TOTAL . We use Spitzer MIPS 24 μm photometry to estimate SFR IR , the component of SFR TOTAL that suffers dust extinction in the UV and is re-emitted in the IR. By combining the two components, we obtain SFR TOTAL estimates for all HCG galaxies. We obtain total stellar mass, M * , estimates by means of Two Micron All Sky Survey K s -band luminosities, and use them to calculate specific star formation rates, SSFR ≡ SFR TOTAL /M * . SSFR values show a clear and significant bimodality, with a gap between low (∼ -11 yr -1 ) and high-SSFR (∼>1.2 x 10 -10 yr -1 ) systems. We compare this bimodality to the previously discovered bimodality in α IRAC , the MIR activity index from a power-law fit to the Spitzer IRAC 4.5-8 μm data for these galaxies. We find that all galaxies with α IRAC ≤ 0 ( >0) are in the high- (low-) SSFR locus, as expected if high levels of star-forming activity power MIR emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules and a hot dust continuum. Consistent with this finding, all elliptical/S0 galaxies are in the low-SSFR locus, while 22 out of 24 spirals/irregulars are in the high-SSFR locus, with two borderline cases. We further divide our sample into three subsamples (I, II, and III) according to decreasing H I richness of the parent galaxy group to which a galaxy belongs. Consistent with the SSFR and α IRAC bimodality, 12 out of 15 type I (11 out of 12 type III) galaxies are in the high- (low-) SSFR locus, while type II galaxies span almost the full range of SSFR values. We use the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxy Survey (SINGS) to construct a comparison subsample of galaxies that (1) match HCG galaxies in J-band total

Effect of estradiol on planktonic growth, coaggregation, and biofilm formation of the Prevotella intermedia group bacteria.

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Fteita, Dareen; Könönen, Eija; Söderling, Eva; Gürsoy, Ulvi Kahraman

2014-06-01

Alterations in the quantity and quality of biofilms at gingival margin are considered to play a role in the initiation and development of pregnancy-related gingivitis. Prevotella intermedia sensu lato is able to consume estradiol, the major sex hormone secreted during pregnancy, in the absence of vitamin K. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of estradiol on the planktonic growth, coaggregation, polysaccharide production, and biofilm formation of the P. intermedia group bacteria, namely P. intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella pallens. In all experiments, the type strain (ATCC) and a clinical strain (AHN) of P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, and P. pallens were incubated with the concentrations of 0, 30, 90, and 120 nmol/L of estradiol. Planktonic growth was assessed by means of the colony forming unit method, while coaggregation and biofilm formation were assessed by spectrophotometric methods. In the determination of protein and polysaccharide levels, the Bradford and phenol-sulfuric acid methods were used, respectively. P. pallens AHN 9283 and P. nigrescens ATCC 33563 increased their numbers at planktonic stage with increasing estradiol concentrations. In 48-h biofilm tests, elevated protein levels were found for both strains of P. intermedia, and the strains P. nigrescens ATCC 33563 and P. pallens AHN 9283 in the presence of estradiol. The P. intermedia strains also increased the levels of polysaccharide formation in the biofilm. Coaggregation of the P. intermedia group organisms with Fusobacterium nucleatum was enhanced only in P. intermedia AHN 8290. In conclusion, our in vitro experiments indicate that estradiol regulates planktonic growth, coaggregation, polysaccharide production, and biofilm formation characteristics of P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, and P. pallens differently. These results may, at least partly, explain the differences seen in their contribution to the pathogenesis of pregnancy-related gingivitis

Gibbs Free Energy of Formation for Selected Platinum Group Minerals (PGM

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Spiros Olivotos

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Thermodynamic data for platinum group (Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pd and Pt minerals are very limited. The present study is focused on the calculation of the Gibbs free energy of formation (ΔfG° for selected PGM occurring in layered intrusions and ophiolite complexes worldwide, applying available experimental data on their constituent elements at their standard state (ΔG = G(species − ΔG(elements, using the computer program HSC Chemistry software 6.0. The evaluation of the accuracy of the calculation method was made by the calculation of (ΔGf of rhodium sulfide phases. The calculated values were found to be ingood agreement with those measured in the binary system (Rh + S as a function of temperature by previous authors (Jacob and Gupta (2014. The calculated Gibbs free energy (ΔfG° followed the order RuS2 < (Ir,OsS2 < (Pt, PdS < (Pd, PtTe2, increasing from compatible to incompatible noble metals and from sulfides to tellurides.

Some Like it Hot: Linking Diffuse X-Ray Luminosity, Baryonic Mass, and Star Formation Rate in Compact Groups of Galaxies

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Desjardins, Tyler D.; Gallagher, Sarah C.; Hornschemeier, Ann E.; Mulchaey, John S.; Walker, Lisa May; Brandt, Willian N.; Charlton, Jane C.; Johnson, Kelsey E.; Tzanavaris, Panayiotis

2014-01-01

We present an analysis of the diffuse X-ray emission in 19 compact groups (CGs) of galaxies observed with Chandra. The hottest, most X-ray luminous CGs agree well with the galaxy cluster X-ray scaling relations in L(x-T) and (L(x-sigma), even in CGs where the hot gas is associated with only the brightest galaxy. Using Spitzer photometry, we compute stellar masses and classify Hickson CGs 19, 22, 40, and 42, and RSCGs 32, 44, and 86 as fossil groups using a new definition for fossil systems that includes a broader range of masses. We find that CGs with total stellar and Hi masses are great than or equal to 10(sup (11.3) solar mass are often X-ray luminous, while lower-mass CGs only sometimes exhibit faint, localized X-ray emission. Additionally, we compare the diffuse X-ray luminosity against both the total UV and 24 micron star formation rates of each CG and optical colors of the most massive galaxy in each of the CGs. The most X-ray luminous CGs have the lowest star formation rates, likely because there is no cold gas available for star formation, either because the majority of the baryons in these CGs are in stars or the X-ray halo, or due togas stripping from the galaxies in CGs with hot halos. Finally, the optical colors that trace recent star formation histories of the most massive group galaxies do not correlate with the X-ray luminosities of the CGs, indicating that perhaps the current state of the X-ray halos is independent of the recent history of stellar mass assembly in the most massive galaxies.

Rapid detection of rRNA group I pseudomonads in contaminated metalworking fluids and biofilm formation by fluorescent in situ hybridization.

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Saha, Ratul; Donofrio, Robert S; Goeres, Darla M; Bagley, Susan T

2012-05-01

Metalworking fluids (MWFs), used in different machining operations, are highly prone to microbial degradation. Microbial communities present in MWFs lead to biofilm formation in the MWF systems, which act as a continuous source of contamination. Species of rRNA group I Pseudomonas dominate in contaminated MWFs. However, their actual distribution is typically underestimated when using standard culturing techniques as most fail to grow on the commonly used Pseudomonas Isolation Agar. To overcome this, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to study their abundance along with biofilm formation by two species recovered from MWFs, Pseudomonas fluorescens MWF-1 and the newly described Pseudomonas oleovorans subsp. lubricantis. Based on 16S rRNA sequences, a unique fluorescent molecular probe (Pseudo120) was designed targeting a conserved signature sequence common to all rRNA group I Pseudomonas. The specificity of the probe was evaluated using hybridization experiments with whole cells of different Pseudomonas species. The probe's sensitivity was determined to be 10(3) cells/ml. It successfully detected and enumerated the abundance and distribution of Pseudomonas indicating levels between 3.2 (± 1.1) × 10(6) and 5.0 (± 2.3) × 10(6) cells/ml in four different industrial MWF samples collected from three different locations. Biofilm formation was visualized under stagnant conditions using high and low concentrations of cells for both P. fluorescens MWF-1 and P. oleovorans subsp. lubricantis stained with methylene blue and Pseudo120. On the basis of these observations, this molecular probe can be successfully be used in the management of MWF systems to monitor the levels and biofilm formation of rRNA group I pseudomonads.

Comparative analysis of the calcretization process in the Marilia formations (Bauru group - Brasil) and Mercedes ( Paysandu group - Uruguay), Upper Cretaceous of the Parana basin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Veroslavsky, G.; Etchebehere, M.; Sad, A.; Fulfaro, J.

1998-01-01

Pedogenic and non-pedogenic calcrete facies are very common feature of Marilia (Brazil) and Mercedes (Uruguay) formations in the Parana Basin. The non-pedogenic ones constitute massive limestone facies that have been recently interpreted as groundwater calcretes. These limestones are exploited in both countries to supply raw materials to Portland cement and soil conditioner in origin and age of calcretization phenomena. In Uruguay, the calcretization process seens to be band formation. Field relationships and fossil assemblage point to a Paleocene (or later) age for the calcretization. In Brazilian territory, the groundwater calcretes aresupposed to be of Upper Cretaceous age due to the presence of dinosaurs scattered through the Bauru Group, including siliciclastic beds below and above the calcretes. The authors assume that calcretization processes are similar in both countries (host rocks, intensity, size, textures, geometries and economic potential). The main difference is in age of the calcretization. (author)

Star formation suppression in compact group galaxies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Alatalo, K.; Appleton, P. N.; Lisenfeld, U.

2015-01-01

, bars, rings, tidal tails, and possibly nuclear outflows, though the molecular gas morphologies are more consistent with spirals and earlytype galaxies than mergers and interacting systems. Our CO-imaged HCG galaxies, when plotted on the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation, shows star formation (SF) suppression...... color space. This supports the idea that at least some galaxies in HCGs are transitioning objects, where a disruption of the existing molecular gas in the system suppresses SF by inhibiting the molecular gas from collapsing and forming stars efficiently. These observations, combined with recent work...

Cumplimiento del tratamiento para el asma bronquial por los pacientes de un área de salud

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Alicia Zapata Martínez

1998-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio para conocer el cumplimiento del tratamiento medicamentoso, las causas de no cumplimiento, así como los medicamentos más empleados y el grado de control de los síntomas del asma bronquial y aproximarnos a la calidad de la asistencia médica brindada a los pacientes asmáticos de un área de salud de Villa Clara. La mayoría de los pacientes no cumplían el tratamiento indicado. La causa más frecuente fue la despreocupación. Los pacientes tenían un mal control de los síntomas, y entre los medicamentos indicados predominaron los broncodilatadores inhalados para el tratamiento de los síntomas con pocos medicamentos eficaces para el tratamiento profiláctico y un pobre dominio de la técnica inhalatoria. El mal control de los síntomas no creemos se deba al incumplimiento del tratamiento, sino a deficiencias en la calidad de la prescripciónA study was conducted to know about the fulfilment of the drug therapy, the causes of the nonfulfilment, the most used drugs, the degree of control of the symptoms of bronchial asthma, and the quality of the medical assistance received by the asthmatic patients in a health area of Villa Clara. Most of the patients did not folow the indicated treatment. The most frequent cause was the lackoof preocuppation. Patients proved to have an inadequate control of the symptoms. The inhaled bronchodilators predominated among the drugs prescribed for treating the symptoms. There were a few efficient drugs for the prophylactic treatment and it was observed a poor knowledge about the inhalatory techniques. It is considered that the deficient control of the symptoms is not only due to the nonfulfilment of the treatment but to the deficiencies found in the quality of prescription

The prevalence of autoantibody and its relationship with genotypes of hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

Science.gov (United States)

Kirdar, Sevİn; Sener, Asli Gamze; Cengİz, Merve; Aydin, Nerİman

2016-11-01

The prevalence of autoantibody in the patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, and the relationship between the autoantibodies and HCV genotypes were investigated in this study. One hundred and eight anti-HCV positive and 86 anti-HCV negative patients were included in the study. Anti-HCV were studied by enzyme immunassay (EIA). HCV RNA was determined by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and HCV genotypes were determined by a reverse-line blot hybridization. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA), Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA), liver kidney microsomal antibodies (LKM) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Among patients, 13 (12.03%) of 108 were positive for at least one autoantibody. The positivity was not observed in control group. The most prevalent autoantibody in anti-HCV positive group was ANA. ANA was positive in six HCV patients with genotype 1. In HCV patients with genotype 1, the frequencies of ANA, ASMA, AMA and LKM1 were six, two, three and one, respectively. In HCV patients with genotype 2, ANA was positive one patient and ASMA, AMA and LKM1 were not detected in HCV patients with genotype 2. In conclusion, the autoantibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis C in the study were low as compared to those reported in previous studies. © 2016 APMIS. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Tratamiento con inmunoterapia específica en niños con Rinitis Alérgica y/o Asma Bronquial. Área Norte. 2005 - 2007.

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Matilde Iraida Morera Franco

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal durante el período Enero 2005_ Enero 2007 en el Policlínico Norte del municipio Sancti Spíritus. El universo estuvo constituido por el total de niños con edades de 2_15 años con enfermedades alérgicas, a los que se realizó pruebas de alergia e indicó tratamiento con inmunoterapia específica por vía subcutánea, la muestra estuvo formada por 75 pacientes con asma bronquial, rinitis alérgica y/o ambas enfermedades, con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento del tratamiento con inmunoterapia específica se aplicó el método porcentual para el análisis de resultados, donde el grupo etáreo que predominó fue de 2 _5 años, más del 65 % de los pacientes tratados refirieron mejoría de los síntomas las causas más frecuentes de abandono de tratamiento fue la aparición de infecciones intercurrentes, no ocurrió reacción anafiláctica en ninguno de los casos estudiados, el tratamiento con inmunoterapia puede reducir el uso de otros tratamientos asociados como Intal, antihistamínicos, broncodilatadores y esteroides.

The Pan-STARRS1 Medium-deep Survey: Star Formation Quenching in Group and Cluster Environments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jian, Hung-Yu; Lin, Lihwai; Lin, Kai-Yang; Chen, Chin-Wei [Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, 106, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. (China); Foucaud, Sebastien [Department of Earth Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, N.88, Tingzhou Road, Sec. 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, R.O.C. (China); Chiueh, Tzihong [Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, 106, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. (China); Bower, R. G.; Cole, Shaun; Draper, P. W.; Metcalfe, N. [Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE (United Kingdom); Chen, Wen-Ping [Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Chung-Li 32054, Taiwan, R.O.C. (China); Burgett, W. S.; Flewelling, H.; Huber, M. E.; Kaiser, N.; Kudritzki, R.-P.; Magnier, E. A.; Wainscoat, R. J.; Waters, C., E-mail: hyjian@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw [Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 (United States)

2017-08-10

We make use of a catalog of 1600 Pan-STARRS1 groups produced by the probability friends-of-friends algorithm to explore how the galaxy properties, i.e., the specific star formation rate (SSFR) and quiescent fraction, depend on stellar mass and group-centric radius. The work is the extension of Lin et al. In this work, powered by a stacking technique plus a background subtraction for contamination removal, a finer correction and more precise results are obtained than in our previous work. We find that while the quiescent fraction increases with decreasing group-centric radius, the median SSFRs of star-forming galaxies in groups at fixed stellar mass drop slightly from the field toward the group center. This suggests that the main quenching process in groups is likely a fast mechanism. On the other hand, a reduction in SSFRs by ∼0.2 dex is seen inside clusters as opposed to the field galaxies. If the reduction is attributed to the slow quenching effect, the slow quenching process acts dominantly in clusters. In addition, we also examine the density–color relation, where the density is defined by using a sixth-nearest-neighbor approach. Comparing the quiescent fractions contributed from the density and radial effect, we find that the density effect dominates the massive group or cluster galaxies, and the radial effect becomes more effective in less massive galaxies. The results support mergers and/or starvation as the main quenching mechanisms in the group environment, while harassment and/or starvation dominate in clusters.

Four groups of new aromatic halogenated disinfection byproducts: effect of bromide concentration on their formation and speciation in chlorinated drinking water.

Science.gov (United States)

Pan, Yang; Zhang, Xiangru

2013-02-05

Bromide is naturally present in source waters worldwide. Chlorination of drinking water can generate a variety of chlorinated and brominated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Although substantial efforts have been made to examine the effect of bromide concentration on the formation and speciation of halogenated DBPs, almost all previous studies have focused on trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. Given that about 50% of total organic halogen formed in chlorination remains unknown, it is still unclear how bromide concentration affects the formation and speciation of the new/unknown halogenated DBPs. In this study, chlorinated drinking water samples with different bromide concentrations were prepared, and a novel approach-precursor ion scan using ultra performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry-was adopted for the detection and identification of polar halogenated DBPs in these water samples. With this approach, 11 new putative aromatic halogenated DBPs were identified, and they were classified into four groups: dihalo-4-hydroxybenzaldehydes, dihalo-4-hydroxybenzoic acids, dihalo-salicylic acids, and trihalo-phenols. A mechanism for the formation of the four groups of new aromatic halogenated DBPs was proposed. It was found that increasing the bromide concentration shifted the entire polar halogenated DBPs as well as the four groups of new DBPs from being less brominated to being more brominated; these new aromatic halogenated DBPs might be important intermediate DBPs formed in drinking water chlorination. Moreover, the speciation of the four groups of new DBPs was modeled: the speciation patterns of the four groups of new DBPs well matched those determined from the model equations, and the reactivity differences between HOBr and HOCl in reactions forming the four groups of new DBPs were larger than those in reactions forming trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids.

Fatores de risco, aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais da asma em crianças Risk factors, clinical and laboratory aspects of asthma in children

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Líllian S.L. Moraes

2001-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar os aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais, e os fatores de risco associados à asma em crianças atendidas no Ambulatório de Pediatria, do Hospital Universitário Júlio Müller. Método: estudo de caso-controle, incluindo 59 crianças asmáticas (casos e 104 não-asmáticas (controles. Os seguintes fatores foram considerados para análise de risco: escolaridade dos pais, exposição aos alérgenos domiciliares, tabagismo passivo, aleitamento materno, renda e antecedentes familiares alérgicos. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue para hemograma e dosagem de IgE total e específica para alérgenos. Realizou-se teste cutâneo de hipersensibilidade imediata pelo método de puntura para os seguintes alérgenos: ácaros, animais, fungos e baratas com controles positivo (histamina e negativo (solução fisiológica.Um modelo de regressão logística foi usado para calcular odds ratio (OR e intervalo de confiança (IC 95% ajustado para outros fatores de risco e confundidores. RESULTADOS: dentre os fatores de risco estudados, sexo, baixa escolaridade, baixa renda, tempo de aleitamento materno e tabagismo passivo não estiveram associados à ocorrência de asma. A exposição aos alérgenos foi semelhante nos dois grupos, a não ser pela maior freqüência de animais nos domicílios dos controles (c²=16,9; P OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the clinical and laboratory aspects and the risk factors associated with asthma in children treated at the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic of Hospital Universitário Júlio Müller. METHODS: A case-control study including 59 asthmatic children (cases and 104 nonasthmatic children (controls. The following factors were considered for risk analysis: parents' level of education, domestic exposure to allergens, passive smoking, breast feeding, low income, and family history of allergy. Samples of blood were collected for hemogram and to determine the total serum IgE as well as the one specific to allergens. Immediate

Characterization of Coal Quality Based On Ash Content From M2 Coal-Seam Group, Muara Enim Formation, South Sumatra Basin

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Frillia Putri Nasution

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Muara Enim Formation is well known as coal-bearing formation in South Sumatra Basin. As coal-bearing formation, this formation was subjects of many integrated study. Muara Enim Formation can be divided into four coal-seam group, M1, M2, M3, and M4. The M2 group comprising of Petai (C, Suban (B, Lower Mangus (A2, and Upper Mangus (A1. Depositional environments of Group M2 is transitional lower delta plain with sub-depositional are crevasse splay and distributary channel. The differentiation of both sub-depositional environments can be caused the quality of coal deposit. One of quality aspects is ash content. This research conducted hopefully can give better understanding of relationship between depositional environments to ash content. Group M2 on research area were found only Seam C, Seam B, and Seam A2, that has distribution from north to central so long as 1400 m. Coal-seam thickness C ranged between 3.25-9.25 m, Seam B range 7.54-13.43 m, and Seam C range 1.53-8.37 m, where all of coal-seams thickening on the central part and thinning-splitting to northern part and southern part. The ash content is formed from burning coal residue material. Ash contents on coal seam caused by organic and inorganic compound which resulted from mixing modified material on surrounded when transportation, sedimentation, and coalification process. There are 27 sample, consists of 9 sample from Seam C, 8 sample from Seam B, and 10 sample from Seam A2. Space grid of sampling is 100-150 m. Ash content influenced by many factors, but in research area, main factor is existence of inorganic parting. Average ash content of Seam C is 6,04%, Seam B is 5,05%, and Seam A2 is 3,8%. Low ash content influenced by settle environment with minor detrital material. High ash content caused by oxidation and erosional process when coalification process. Ash content on coal in research area originated from detritus material carried by channel system into brackish area or originated

Regulation of triglyceride metabolism by angiopoietin-like proteins

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mattijssen, F.B.J.; Kersten, A.H.

2012-01-01

asma triglyceride concentrations are determined by the balance between production of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins VLDL and chylomicrons in liver and intestine, and their lipoprotein lipase-mediated clearance in peripheral tissues. In the last decade, the group of Angiopoietin-like proteins has

Expert group formation using facility location analysis

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Neshati, M.; Beigy, H.; Hiemstra, Djoerd

In this paper, we propose an optimization framework to retrieve an optimal group of experts to perform a multi-aspect task. While a diverse set of skills are needed to perform a multi-aspect task, the group of assigned experts should be able to collectively cover all these required skills. We

Expert group formation using facility location analysis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Neshati, Mahmood; Beigy, Hamid; Hiemstra, Djoerd

2014-01-01

In this paper, we propose an optimization framework to retrieve an optimal group of experts to perform a multi-aspect task. While a diverse set of skills are needed to perform a multi-aspect task, the group of assigned experts should be able to collectively cover all these required skills. We

Healthy Body Image Intervention Delivered to Young Women via Facebook Groups: Formative Study of Engagement and Acceptability.

Science.gov (United States)

Stapleton, Jerod L; Manne, Sharon L; Day, Ashley K; Levonyan-Radloff, Kristine; Pagoto, Sherry L

2018-02-20

There is increasing interest in using social media sites such as Facebook to deliver health interventions so as to expose people to content while they are engaging in their usual social media habit. This formative intervention development study is novel in describing a preliminary test of using the secret group feature of Facebook to deliver a behavioral intervention targeting users of indoor tanning beds to reduce their risk of skin cancer. Intervention content was designed to challenge body image-related constructs associated with indoor tanning through the use of dissonance-inducing content. To evaluate engagement with and acceptability of using a secret Facebook group to deliver a healthy body image intervention to young women engaged in indoor tanning. Seventeen young women completed a baseline survey and joined a secret Facebook group with intervention content delivered via daily posts for 4 weeks. Engagement data was extracted and acceptability was measured via a follow-up survey. The study had a high retention rate (94%, [16/17]). On average, posts were viewed by 91% of participants, liked by 35%, and commented on by 26%. The average comment rate was highest (65%) for posts that elicited comments by directly posing questions or discussion topics to the group. Average intervention acceptability ratings were highly positive and participants reported feeling connected to the group and its topic. Average rates of past 1-month indoor tanning reported following the intervention were lower than the baseline rate (P=.08, Cohen d=0.47). This study is novel in demonstrating participant engagement with and acceptability of using Facebook secret groups to deliver a dissonance-inducing intervention approach that utilizes group-based discussions related to body image. The study is also unique within the field of skin cancer prevention by demonstrating the potential value of delivering an indoor tanning intervention within an interactive social media format. The findings

Healthy Body Image Intervention Delivered to Young Women via Facebook Groups: Formative Study of Engagement and Acceptability

Science.gov (United States)

Manne, Sharon L; Day, Ashley K; Levonyan-Radloff, Kristine; Pagoto, Sherry L

2018-01-01

Background There is increasing interest in using social media sites such as Facebook to deliver health interventions so as to expose people to content while they are engaging in their usual social media habit. This formative intervention development study is novel in describing a preliminary test of using the secret group feature of Facebook to deliver a behavioral intervention targeting users of indoor tanning beds to reduce their risk of skin cancer. Intervention content was designed to challenge body image-related constructs associated with indoor tanning through the use of dissonance-inducing content. Objective To evaluate engagement with and acceptability of using a secret Facebook group to deliver a healthy body image intervention to young women engaged in indoor tanning. Methods Seventeen young women completed a baseline survey and joined a secret Facebook group with intervention content delivered via daily posts for 4 weeks. Engagement data was extracted and acceptability was measured via a follow-up survey. Results The study had a high retention rate (94%, [16/17]). On average, posts were viewed by 91% of participants, liked by 35%, and commented on by 26%. The average comment rate was highest (65%) for posts that elicited comments by directly posing questions or discussion topics to the group. Average intervention acceptability ratings were highly positive and participants reported feeling connected to the group and its topic. Average rates of past 1-month indoor tanning reported following the intervention were lower than the baseline rate (P=.08, Cohen d=0.47). Conclusions This study is novel in demonstrating participant engagement with and acceptability of using Facebook secret groups to deliver a dissonance-inducing intervention approach that utilizes group-based discussions related to body image. The study is also unique within the field of skin cancer prevention by demonstrating the potential value of delivering an indoor tanning intervention within

Cas d'une loi exponentielle Bayesian predict

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DK

Avec des données groupées : Cas d'une loi exponentielle. Bayesian predictions of order statistics with grouped data: The case of an exponential law. Assia Chadli* & Asma Meradji. Laboratoire LaPS, Département de Mathématiques, Faculté des Sciences. Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba, BP 12, 23000, Annaba, Algérie.

O formoterol e uma dose média/ elevada de corticosteróides inalados são mais eficazes do que uma dose elevada de corticosteróides na asma moderada e grave

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G. Mitchell

2003-05-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: As normas internacionais para o tratamento da asma brônquica recomendam que os doentes com sintomatologia mal controlada com doses baixas/ /intermédias de corticosteróides (CT inalados sejam submetidos a doses mais elevadas de CT e, se necessário, deverá ser adicionado um β2 agonista de longa duração. No entanto, estudos mais recentes demonstraram que a adição deste fármaco a doses baixas/moderadas de CT inalados permite um melhor controlo da sintomatologia do que a duplicação da dose de CT. O formoterol constitui o β2 agonista de eleição devido ao seu início de acção rápida.O objectivo do presente trabalho foi comparar a eficácia da associação do β2 agonista formoterol a doses médias/elevadas de CT inalados com a duplicação da dose do CT em indivíduos com asma moderada/grave mal controlada.Foram avaliados doentes com idade superior a 18 anos com asma moderada e grave que apresentavam um FEV1≥50% do previsto e um aumento≥15% do referido parâmetro após inalação de um broncodilatador de curta duração, tendo sido submetido a terapêutica com CT inalados diariamente (dipropionato de beclometasona 1000 μ - budesonida 800 μg no mês que precedeu o início do estudo em análise. A existência de, pelo menos, dois dos parâmetros seguintes, nos últimos 7 dias do período de run-in, foi imprescindível: sintomatologia interferindo com as actividades de vida diária; interrupção do sono por sintomas nocturnos, necessidade de terapêutica de alívio numa dose≥4 puffs salbutamol/dia; variabilidade diária do PEF (Peak Expiratory Flow≥15%.Foram critérios de exclusão: doentes cuja dose do CT inalado diária foi alterada no último mês; indivíduos submetidos a CT oral ou β2 agonista de longa duração no mês precedente; doentes com dificuldade de utilizar o

O formoterol e uma dose média/ elevada de corticosteróides inalados são mais eficazes do que uma dose elevada de corticosteróides na asma moderada e grave

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. Mitchell

2004-09-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: As normas internacionais para o tratamento da asma brônquica recomendam que os doentes com sintomatologia mal controlada com doses baixas/ /intermédias de corticosteróides (CT inalados sejam submetidos a doses mais elevadas de CT e, se necessário, deverá ser adicionado um β2 agonista de longa duração. No entanto, estudos mais recentes demonstraram que a adição deste fármaco a doses baixas/moderadas de CT inalados permite um melhor controlo da sintomatologia do que a duplicação da dose de CT. O formoterol constitui o β2 agonista de eleição devido ao seu início de acção rápida.O objectivo do presente trabalho foi comparar a eficácia da associação do β2 agonista formoterol a doses médias/elevadas de CT inalados com a duplicação da dose do CT em indivíduos com asma moderada/grave mal controlada.Foram avaliados doentes com idade superior a 18 anos com asma moderada e grave que apresentavam um FEV1≥50% do previsto e um aumento≥15% do referido parâmetro após inalação de um broncodilatador de curta duração, tendo sido submetido a terapêutica com CT inalados diariamente (dipropionato de beclometasona 1000 μ - budesonida 800 μg no mês que precedeu o início do estudo em análise. A existência de, pelo menos, dois dos parâmetros seguintes, nos últimos 7 dias do período de run-in, foi imprescindível: sintomatologia interferindo com as actividades de vida diária; interrupção do sono por sintomas nocturnos, necessidade de terapêutica de alívio numa dose≥4 puffs salbutamol/dia; variabilidade diária do PEF (Peak Expiratory Flow≥15%.Foram critérios de exclusão: doentes cuja dose do CT inalado diária foi alterada no último mês; indivíduos submetidos a CT oral ou β2 agonista de longa duração no mês precedente; doentes com dificuldade de utilizar o

The star formation histories of local group dwarf galaxies. II. Searching for signatures of reionization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weisz, Daniel R. [Department of Astronomy, University of California at Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (United States); Dolphin, Andrew E. [Raytheon Company, 1151 East Hermans Road, Tucson, AZ 85756 (United States); Skillman, Evan D. [Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (United States); Holtzman, Jon [Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Box 30001, 1320 Frenger Street, Las Cruces, NM 88003 (United States); Gilbert, Karoline M.; Dalcanton, Julianne J.; Williams, Benjamin F., E-mail: drw@ucsc.edu [Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 (United States)

2014-07-10

We search for signatures of reionization in the star formation histories (SFHs) of 38 Local Group dwarf galaxies (10{sup 4} < M{sub *} < 10{sup 9} M{sub ☉}). The SFHs are derived from color-magnitude diagrams using archival Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 imaging. Only five quenched galaxies (And V, And VI, And XIII, Leo IV, and Hercules) are consistent with forming the bulk of their stars before reionization, when full uncertainties are considered. Observations of 13 of the predicted 'true fossils' identified by Bovill and Ricotti show that only two (Hercules and Leo IV) indicate star formation quenched by reionization. However, both are within the virial radius of the Milky Way and evidence of tidal disturbance complicates this interpretation. We argue that the late-time gas capture scenario posited by Ricotti for the low mass, gas-rich, and star-forming fossil candidate Leo T is observationally indistinguishable from simple gas retention. Given the ambiguity between environmental effects and reionization, the best reionization fossil candidates are quenched low mass field galaxies (e.g., KKR 25).

Flow cytometry approach for studying the interaction between ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Flow cytometry approach for studying the interaction between Bacillus mojavensis and Alternaria alternata. Asma Milet, Noreddine Kacem Chaouche, Laid Dehimat, Asma Ait Kaki, Mounira Kara Ali, Philippe Thonart ...

Risk behaviour and group formation in microcredit groups in Eritrea

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lensink, Robert; Mehrteab, Habteab T.

2003-01-01

We conducted a survey in 2001 among members and group leaders of borrowers who accessed loans from two microcredit programs in Eritrea. Using the results from this survey, this paper aims to provide new insights into the empirical relevance of the homogeneous matching hypothesis for microcredit

Risk Behaviour and Group Formation in Microcredit Groups in Eritrea

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lensink, B.W.; Mehrteab, H.T.

2006-01-01

We conducted a survey in 2001 among members and group leaders of borrowers who accessed loans from two microcredit programs in Eritrea. Using the results from this survey, this paper aims to provide new insights into the empirical relevance of the homogeneous matching hypothesis for microcredit

Aperiodic dynamics in a deterministic adaptive network model of attitude formation in social groups

Science.gov (United States)

Ward, Jonathan A.; Grindrod, Peter

2014-07-01

Adaptive network models, in which node states and network topology coevolve, arise naturally in models of social dynamics that incorporate homophily and social influence. Homophily relates the similarity between pairs of nodes' states to their network coupling strength, whilst social influence causes coupled nodes' states to convergence. In this paper we propose a deterministic adaptive network model of attitude formation in social groups that includes these effects, and in which the attitudinal dynamics are represented by an activato-inhibitor process. We illustrate that consensus, corresponding to all nodes adopting the same attitudinal state and being fully connected, may destabilise via Turing instability, giving rise to aperiodic dynamics with sensitive dependence on initial conditions. These aperiodic dynamics correspond to the formation and dissolution of sub-groups that adopt contrasting attitudes. We discuss our findings in the context of cultural polarisation phenomena. Social influence. This reflects the fact that people tend to modify their behaviour and attitudes in response to the opinions of others [22-26]. We model social influence via diffusion: agents adjust their state according to a weighted sum (dictated by the evolving network) of the differences between their state and the states of their neighbours. Homophily. This relates the similarity of individuals' states to their frequency and strength of interaction [27]. Thus in our model, homophily drives the evolution of the weighted ‘social' network. A precise formulation of our model is given in Section 2. Social influence and homophily underpin models of social dynamics [21], which cover a wide range of sociological phenomena, including the diffusion of innovations [28-32], complex contagions [33-36], collective action [37-39], opinion dynamics [19,20,40,10,11,13,15,41,16], the emergence of social norms [42-44], group stability [45], social differentiation [46] and, of particular relevance

Asma y deficiencia de subclases de IgG Asthma and IgG subclases deficiency

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Lucía Santamaría Ortiz

1995-04-01

Full Text Available

Se estudiaron 45 pacientes asmáticos adultos de difícil manejo, de más de 5 años de evolución, 37 de ellos esteroide dependientes y 8 no dependientes, con asma alérgica o intrínseca y algunos con Infecciones respiratorias recurrentes de predominio viral. Por nefelometría se midieron los niveles séricos de las IgsG, M y A, y por ELISA se determinó la IgE total. Se encontraron 4 pacientes con deficiencia de IgG total, en el grupo de los esteroide dependientes. Mediante ELISA tipo sandwich y con anticuerpos monoclonales específicos para las sub clases de IgG se investigaron los niveles sé ricos de IgG1, 2, 3 y 4. En el 55.6% de los enfermos se encontraron una O más deficiencias de sub clases. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos esteroide y no esteroide dependientes, ni entre los asmáticos alérgicos e intrínsecos, ni entre los con infección recurrente o sin ella. predominó la deficiencia de IgG1; en total el 46.7% de los pacientes tenían deficiencia aislada o combinada de IgG1, el 31.1% de IgG2, el 24.4% de IgG3 y el 17.8% de Igd4. La alta incidencia de deficiencia de sub clases podría deberse a la acción de los esteroides o a una alteración en la regulación de la síntesis de Igs producida por un defecto Inmune primario. Esta deficiencia sería la responsable del comportamiento agresivo de la enfermedad.

We studied 45 adult asthmatic patients with difficult to care disease and who had more than five years of evolution; they suffered from elther allergic or intrinsic asthma and some had experienced recurrent respiratory tract infections. predominantly of viral etiology. Serum levels of IgA, IgG and IgM were measured by nephelometry and total lgE was determined by an Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA. Total lg

Chemoselective Methylation of Phenolic Hydroxyl Group Prevents Quinone Methide Formation and Repolymerization During Lignin Depolymerization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Kwang Ho; Dutta, Tanmoy; Walter, Eric D.; Isern, Nancy G.; Cort, John R.; Simmons, Blake A.; Singh, Seema

2017-03-30

Chemoselective blocking of the phenolic hydroxyl (Ar-OH) group by methylation was found to suppress secondary repolymerization and charring during lignin depolymerization. Methylation of Ar-OH prevents formation of reactive quinone methide intermediates, which are partly responsible for undesirable secondary repolymerization reactions. Instead, this structurally modified lignin produces more relatively low molecular weight products from lignin depolymerization compared to unmodified lignin. This result demonstrates that structural modification of lignin is desirable for production of low molecular weight phenolic products. This approach could be directed toward alteration of natural lignification processes to produce biomass more amenable to chemical depolymerization.

Pulmonary embolism and difficult-to-treat asthma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Catarina Teles Martins

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Asthma control is a key point in patient management. GINA's most recent report emphasises the need to investigate uncontrolled asthma, of which non-compliance with treatment, COPD, smoking, chronic sinusitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity are the usual causes.The aim of this work is to evaluate the role of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE in cases of difficult-to-treat asthma. We reviewed the case reports of patients with severe persistent asthma followed in our Asthma Outpatients Clinic between 2004 and 2006. We selected the ones that maintained uncontrolled disease despite an optimal therapeutical approach and investigated the causes.In this group (n = 254, 28 (11% had severe persistent asthma and their mean age was 44 ± SD18 years old. 86% were females. Of these, 57% (n = 16 had uncontrolled disease: 35% (n = 6 due to non-compliance with treatment; 29% (n = 5 pulmonary thrombombolism (scintigraphic confirmation; 12% (n = 2 severe rhinosinusitis; 6% (n = 1 hypereosinophilic syndrome; 6% (n = 1 persistent allergen exposure and 6% (n = 1 are still being investigated.Patients with TPE (mean age 56 ± SD9 years old; 80% females; 80% Caucasians were diagnosed with asthma as adults (mean age 37 ± SD14 years old. The mean time until the diagnosis of TPE was 18 ± SD12 years. Predisposing factors for TPE were venous insufficiency (40%, hypertension (40% and deficit of functional protein C and S (20%.All these patients received anticoagulant therapy (80% are still medicated. It should be noted that after the beginning of anticoagulants, 40% of the patients achieved control of their asthma and 40% have partially controlled disease. There were no hospital admissions for asthma exacerbations after the beginning of anticoagulation in this group.This study supports the inclusion of TPE in the group of comorbidities to consider while investigating uncontrolled

Study on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in repairing of radiation induced acute liver injury of rats

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bao Yongxing; Lou Fan; Zhao Huarong; Zhu Huhu; Ma Yan; Wen Hao

2010-01-01

Objective: To investigate the role of mesenchymal stem cells in the repair of radiation induced liver injury. Methods: 12 female SD rats were irradiated with 20 Gy 6 MV X-rays on the right lobe of the liver, to establish the model of radiation induced liver injury. The rats were divided randomly into two groups as invention group and control group, and transplanted with 1 ml male mesenchymal suspension or 1 ml normal saline in 4 hours after radiotherapy. The morphological changes of liver were observed. The existence of sex determining gene Y(SRY) and the level of alpha-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) were detected. Results: Some injury of right lobe liver in two groups were observed, and the injury degree of right lobe liver in intervention group were lower than that of control group. The amount of SRY positive cells in the right lobe liver of intervention group was higher than that in the left lobe liver (t = 3.77, P <0.05). The positive expression rate of a-SMA in right lobe liver of intervention group was lower than that of control group. Conclusions: Acute radiation induced liver injury could lead BMSCs' homing in order to decrease the degree of liver fibrosis. (authors)

VRP09 Reduction of Corneal Scarring Following Blast and Burn Injuries to Cornea Using siRNAs Targeting TGFb and CTGF

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-01

aSMA ) synthesis. Second, we proposed to develop an advanced ex vivo organ culture system using viable explants of rabbit corneas, and assess the...effect of the most effective triple siRNA combination for reduction of target genes, collagen and alpha smooth muscle actin ( aSMA ) in rabbit corneas...targeting three key genes (TGFb, TGFbRII, and CTGF) that synergistically reduces the level of mRNAs for type I collagen gene and aSMA by >95% without

Professional identity formation in the transition from medical school to working life: a qualitative study of group-coaching courses for junior doctors.

Science.gov (United States)

de Lasson, Lydia; Just, Eva; Stegeager, Nikolaj; Malling, Bente

2016-06-24

The transition from student to medical doctor is challenging and stressful to many junior doctors. To practice with confidence and professionalism the junior doctors have to develop a strong professional identity. Various suggestions on how to facilitate formation of professional identity have been offered including the possible positive effect of group-coaching courses. The purpose of this study was to explore how group-coaching might facilitate professional identity formation among junior doctors in the transition period. Group-coaching courses comprising three whole-day sessions and five 2 h sessions during a period of 4 months were offered to junior doctors in the first years after graduation. The purpose was to support the participants' professional development, ability to relate to patients, relatives and staff and career development. The coaches in this study had a background as health professionals combined with coaching educations. Data was obtained through observations, open-ended questionnaires and interviews. A generic thematic analysis was applied. Forty-five doctors participated in six coaching groups. The three main themes emerging in the sessions were: Adoption to medical culture, career planning, and work/life-balance. The junior doctors found the coaching intervention highly useful in order to cope with these challenges. Furthermore, the group was a forum where the junior doctors could share thoughts and feelings with colleagues without being afraid that this would endanger their professional career. Many found new ways to respond to everyday challenges mainly through a new awareness of patterns of thinking and feeling. The participants found that the group-coaching course supported their professional identity formation (thinking, feeling and acting as a doctor), adoption to medical culture, career planning and managing a healthy work/life-balance. Further studies in different contexts are recommended as well as studies using other methods to

Trace gas composition in the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone: a case study based on aircraft observations and model simulations

Science.gov (United States)

Gottschaldt, Klaus-D.; Schlager, Hans; Baumann, Robert; Bozem, Heiko; Eyring, Veronika; Hoor, Peter; Jöckel, Patrick; Jurkat, Tina; Voigt, Christiane; Zahn, Andreas; Ziereis, Helmut

2017-05-01

We present in situ measurements of the trace gas composition of the upper tropospheric (UT) Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) performed with the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) in the frame of the Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) campaign. Air masses with enhanced O3 mixing ratios were encountered after entering the ASMA at its southern edge at about 150 hPa on 18 September 2012. This is in contrast to the presumption that the anticyclone's interior is dominated by recently uplifted air with low O3 in the monsoon season. We also observed enhanced CO and HCl in the ASMA, which are tracers for boundary layer pollution and tropopause layer (TL) air or stratospheric in-mixing respectively. In addition, reactive nitrogen was enhanced in the ASMA. Along the HALO flight track across the ASMA boundary, strong gradients of these tracers separate anticyclonic from outside air. Lagrangian trajectory calculations using HYSPLIT show that HALO sampled a filament of UT air three times, which included air masses uplifted from the lower or mid-troposphere north of the Bay of Bengal. The trace gas gradients between UT and uplifted air masses were preserved during transport within a belt of streamlines fringing the central part of the anticyclone (fringe), but are smaller than the gradients across the ASMA boundary. Our data represent the first in situ observations across the southern part and downstream of the eastern ASMA flank. Back-trajectories starting at the flight track furthermore indicate that HALO transected the ASMA where it was just splitting into a Tibetan and an Iranian part. The O3-rich filament is diverted from the fringe towards the interior of the original anticyclone, and is at least partially bound to become part of the new Iranian eddy. A simulation with the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model is found to reproduce the observations reasonably well. It shows that O3-rich air is entrained by the outer streamlines of the

78 FR 56744 - Notice of Permit Applications Received Under the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-541)

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-13

... (ASMA 7). All materials collected would be salvaged; the applicant would not interact with live animals... birds and mammals. Location ASPA 149 Cape Shireff and ASMA 7 Southwest Anvers Island (Palmer Station...

Chemical Evolution and Star Formation History of the Disks of Spirals in Local Group

Science.gov (United States)

Yin, J.

2011-05-01

Milky Way (MW), M31 and M33 are the only three spiral galaxies in our Local group. MW and M31 have similar mass, luminosity and morphology, while M33 is only about one tenth of MW in terms of its baryonic mass. Detailed theoretical researches on these three spirals will help us to understand the formation and evolution history of both spiral galaxies and Local group. Referring to the phenomenological chemical evolution model adopted in MW disk, a similar model is established to investigate the star formation and chemical enrichment history of these three local spirals. Firstly, the properties of M31 disk are studied by building a similar chemical evolution model which is able to successfully describe the MW disk. It is expected that a simple unified phenomenological chemical evolution model could successfully describe the radial and global properties of both disks. Comparing with the former work, we adopt an extensive data set as model constraints, including the star formation profile of M31 disk derived from the recent UV data of GALEX. The comparison among the observed properties of these two disks displays very interesting similarities in their radial profiles when the distance from the galactic center is expressed in terms of the corresponding scale length. This implies some common processes in their formation and evolution history. Based on the observed data of the gas mass surface density and SFR surface density, the SFR radial profile of MW can be well described by Kennicutt-Schmidt star formation law (K-S law) or modified K-S law (SFR is inversely proportional to the distance from the galactic center), but this is not applicable to the M31 disk. Detailed calculations show that our unified model describes fairly well all the main properties of the MW disk and most properties of M31 disk, provided that the star formation efficiency of M31 disk is adjusted to be twice as large as that of MW disk (as anticipated from the lower gas fraction of M31). However, the

A Framework for Semantic Group Formation in Education

Science.gov (United States)

Ounnas, Asma; Davis, Hugh C.; Millard, David E.

2009-01-01

Collaboration has long been considered an effective approach to learning. However, forming optimal groups can be a time consuming and complex task. Different approaches have been developed to assist teachers allocate students to groups based on a set of constraints. However, existing tools often fail to assign some students to groups creating a…

A qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde de doentes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica e asma avaliada pelo SGRQ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliana Maria de Sousa Pinto

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Objectivos: Comparar os efeitos da asma e da DPOC na qualidade de vida dos doentes avaliados pelo Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ através de correlações entre as variáveis e os domínios e a pontuação total. Métodos: Estudo transversal entre Outubro de 2008 a Março de 2009 com 75 adultos das consultas de ambulatório do Hospital Universitário de Salamanca, Espanha. Depois de informar os objectivos do estudo e os aspectos éticos, foi preenchido um formulário com os dados clínicos e sociodemográficos e, em seguida, aplicada a versão espanhola do SGRQ. Para a análise estatística fui utilizada o pacote estatístico Stadistics SPSS versão 17.0. Resultados: 65,3% eram homens e 34,7% mulheres com idade média de 60,4 anos; 68% tinham diagnóstico de asma e 30,7% de DPOC. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05 entre o diagnóstico e o domínio actividade; e nenhuma entre o sexo, o facto de ser fumador, ex-fumador ou hipertenso com os dois domínios. Os níveis socioeconómicos relacionam-se de forma inversa e significativa (p=0,038 com a pontuação total. Foram obtidas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre a idade e os domínios actividade (p<0,01 e impacto (p<0,05 e a pontuação total do SGRQ (p<0,01. O VEF1VEMS correlacionou-se apenas com o domínio actividade (p<0,01 e com a pontuação total do questionário (p<0,01. Conclusões: Nenhuma variável se correlacionou com todos os domínios e a pontuação total do instrumento e algumas não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa.Rev Port Pneumol 2010; XVI (4: 543-558 Abstract: Aims: To compare the effects of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD on the quality of life of patients evaluated using the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ through correlating the variables, domains and total

Social factors shaping the formation of a multi-stakeholder trails network group for the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia

Science.gov (United States)

Karen Robinson; Steven Selin; Chad Pierskalla

2009-01-01

This paper reports the results and management implications of a longitudinal research study examining the social factors affecting the formation of a trails network advisory group for the Monongahela National Forest (MNF) in West Virginia. A collaborative process of creating an MNF trails network with input from local users and stakeholders has been largely...

Ambiência e formação de grupo em programas de caminhada Ambiance and group formation in walking programs

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Marcos Warschauer

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O presente relato discute os conceitos de ambiência e formação de grupo por intermédio de duas experiências com grupos de caminhada desenvolvidos na Atenção Básica: o programa "Caminhando para a Saúde", em Santo André (SP, e o grupo da Unidade de Saúde Jardim Seckler, em São Paulo (SP. Ambas as experiências trabalham com a concepção de prática corporal, que amplia o conceito de atividade física ao colocar o sujeito no centro das ações, e têm como principal enfoque a promoção da saúde. A análise do processo de implementação desses programas destaca a ambiência e a formação de grupo como fatores fundamentais para a adesão à prática. O conceito de ambiência é composto de três eixos: a confortabilidade, o espaço como forma de produção de subjetividade e como instrumento facilitador de mudanças no processo de trabalho. Os dispositivos grupais promovem ações de cidadania, priorizando a solidariedade, a comunicação e os relacionamentos pessoais. Esses dois conceitos podem estar correlacionados e viabilizar outras maneiras para a implementação e o desenvolvimento de grupos de caminhada.The present report discusses the concepts of ambiance and group formation by means of two experiences with walking groups developed in Primary Care: the program "Walking for Health", in the city of Santo André, state of São Paulo, and the group of the Jardim Seckler Health Unit, in the city of São Paulo, state of São Paulo. Both experiences were developed using the body practice concept, which goes beyond the concept of physical activity, placing the person at the center of his/her own actions. The experiences' main focus is health promotion. Ambiance and group formation are fundamental factors to adhere to the walking practice. The ambiance concept is formed by three axes: comfortability, space as a way to produce subjectivity and as an instrument that facilitates change in the work process. Group activities promote

The association of rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma symptoms in adolescents

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Rita de Cássia CM Brito

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Aim: Our study aimed to determine the rate of association of rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma symptoms in adolescents to analyse whether asthma symptoms are more severe and frequent in asthmatics with concomitant allergic rhinitis and assess if adolescents are aware of having rhinoconjunctivitis. Methods: A cross-sectional study, with two components: a study in prevalence and an inter-case study (rhinitis symptoms with a comparison group (no rhinitis symptoms, based on information from questionnaires applied in phase 3 of ISAAC in Recife in 2002. Results: Associated rhinoconjunctivitis and probable asthma symptoms were observed in 5.1% of adolescents (48/940; CI 95%: 3.8%-6.6%, probable asthma alone in 10.9% (103/940; CI 95%: 9.1%-13.1% and rhinoconjunctivitis alone in 9.7% (91/940; CI 95%: 7.9%-13%. Among the rhinitisbearing adolescents, almost 81.3% (39/48 had persistent probable asthma and 31.8% (48/151 of asthmatic patients rhinoconjunctivitis. 65.1% (86/132 of adolescents with diagnosed rhinitis were unaware of rhinitis symptoms. Conclusions: The association of rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma symptoms is frequent and associated to more severe asthma symptoms. Adolescents’ unawareness of rhinitis symptoms reflects the underdiagnosis that can result in downplaying the symptoms, and the consequent undertreatment. Resumo: Objectivos: Determinar a prevalência da associação de sintomas de rinoconjuntivite e asma em adolescentes, analisar se os sintomas de asma são mais intensos e frequentes entre os adolescentes com sintomas de rinoconjuntivite alérgica e avaliar se os adolescentes reconhecem os sintomas de rinoconjuntivite. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo do tipo corte transversal com dois componentes: um estudo de prevalência e um estudo entre casos (sintomas de rinoconjuntivite, com um grupo de comparação (ausência de sintomas de rinoconjuntivite a partir de informações dos questionários aplicados na

Politics and Business Group Formation in China

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brødsgaard, Kjeld Erik

2012-01-01

As a result of economic reform and administrative restructuring in China, a number of powerful state-owned business groups (“national champions”) have emerged within sectors of strategic importance. They are headed by a new corporate elite which enjoys unprecedentedly high levels of remuneration...... makes it possible to transfer/rotate business leaders to take up positions in state and Party agencies. In order to conceptualize the coexistence of the contradicting forces for further enterprise autonomy and continued central control that characterizes the evolving relationship between business groups...

Effectiveness of Group Supervision versus Combined Group and Individual Supervision.

Science.gov (United States)

Ray, Dee; Altekruse, Michael

2000-01-01

Investigates the effectiveness of different types of supervision (large group, small group, combined group, individual supervision) with counseling students (N=64). Analyses revealed that all supervision formats resulted in similar progress in counselor effectiveness and counselor development. Participants voiced a preference for individual…

Study Groups in Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hjorth, Poul G.

2007-01-01

Since 1998 European Study Groups have been held in Denmark, and Danish companies from LEGO and NOVO to very small high-tech firms have participated. I briefly describe the history, the organisation and the format of the Danish Study Groups, and highlight a few problem solutions.......Since 1998 European Study Groups have been held in Denmark, and Danish companies from LEGO and NOVO to very small high-tech firms have participated. I briefly describe the history, the organisation and the format of the Danish Study Groups, and highlight a few problem solutions....

Baixa renda como fator de proteção contra asma em crianças e adolescentes usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde Low income as a protective factor against asthma in children and adolescents treated via the Brazilian Unified Health System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Murilo Carlos Amorim de Britto

2008-05-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O estudo visou analisar o papel da baixa renda como fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de asma em crianças e adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Estudo de caso-controle com questionário. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 687 participantes, de 5 a 15 anos de idade, usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde, em um hospital terciário, sendo 54,7% masculinos. Quase metade (49,1% residia na zona metropolitana do Recife e o restante no interior. Moravam em casa de alvenaria 98,1%, com média de 5,7 cômodos e 4,8 moradores. Suas mães estudaram em média 6,8 anos. A mediana da renda mensal per capita foi de R$ 103,75. Baseando-se na renda mensal per capita inferior a 25 e 50% do salário mínimo, classificou-se a amostra em muito baixa renda, baixa renda e renda satisfatória, cujos percentuais foram, respectivamente: 39, 37,3 e 23,7. Não se observou associação entre baixa renda e desenvolvimento de asma. CONCLUSÕES: A baixa renda não exerce, em crianças e adolescentes usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde do nordeste do Brasil, efeito protetor no surgimento de asma, como poderia se supor, baseando-se na teoria da higiene. Todavia, estudos de coorte são necessários para confirmar estes achados.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the role that low income plays in the development of asthma in children and adolescents. METHODS: A case-control study using a questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 687 participants were studied at a tertiary hospital via the Brazilian Unified Health System. Ages ranged from 5 to 15 years, and 54.7% of the participants were male. Nearly half of the individuals (49.1% lived in the metropolitan area of the city of Recife, and the remainder lived in the countryside. Most (98.1% lived in concrete houses or apartments, with a mean of 5.7 rooms and 4.8 occupants per residence. Mean maternal level of education was 6.8 years of schooling. The median monthly per capita income was R$ 103.75 (Brazilian reals. The sample was stratified according to cut

Testing and Modeling Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic (UHTC) Materials For Hypersonic Flight

Science.gov (United States)

2011-11-30

Ridge, D. G. Fletcher, C. O. Asma , O. Chazot, and J. Thömel, “Oxidation of ZrB2-SiC Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic Composites in Dissociated Air...Fletcher, C. O. Asma , “Characterization of ZrB2-SiC Ceramics Tested by Plasma Stream Oxidation,” poster, 32 th International Conference...Fahrenholtz, W.G., Hilmas, G.E., Zhu, S.M., Ridge, J., Fletcher, D.G., Asma , C.O., and Thomel, J., "Oxidation of ZrB2-SiC Ultrahigh-Temperature

The program of group constants creation (SMOK) on basis libraries of evaluated nuclear data in ENDE/B format for physical module FORTUN-88

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Borisov, A.A.

1991-01-01

The SMOK program for creation of group microconstants in the FORTUN-88 physical module format providing for calculations of neutron transport by the Monte Carlo method is described. The program processes files of evaluated neutron nuclear data in the ENDF-4 format. The constant structure gives an apportunity to simulate the process of neutron collisions with matter in details. The program service capabilities provide for graphical constant comparison. 11 refs

Stratigraphy and correlation of the Manitou Falls formation, the Athabasca Group

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iida, Yoshimasa; Ikeda, Koki; Tsuruta, Tadahiko; Yamada, Yasuo; Ito, Hiroaki; Goto, Junichi

1996-01-01

Manitou Falls formation is the thick strata of Proterozoic era that spread widely in the uranium deposit zone in Northern Saskatchewan, Canada (Athabasca basin). In order to study in detail underground geological structure by trial boring, it is necessary to distinguish and compare strata by dividing them into the units as small as possible. The Manitou Falls formation is composed of only sandstone and conglomerate, and it does not have simply identified, continuous strata like tuff and coal layers. In the Christie Lake B district located in Eastern Athabasca basin, the division of strata was carried out by utilizing the data of the changes in the volume ratio of conglomerate layer and maximum pebble size and natural radioactivity logging and based on the careful comparison among trial bores. As the result, this formation was divided into the units of 9 strata. As one of the methods of identifying each unit, the comparison of the power spectra of natural radioactivity logging data was attempted. By this means, it was found that the features in the periodicity of stratum accumulation are useful for identifying strata. The outline of the Manitou Falls formation, the location of the investigated district, the basic data for stratigraphy division, the stratigraphy division in Christie Lake B district and the results are reported. (K.I.)

The impact of asthma in Brazil: a longitudinal analysis of data from a Brazilian national database system.

Science.gov (United States)

Cardoso, Thiago de Araujo; Roncada, Cristian; Silva, Emerson Rodrigues da; Pinto, Leonardo Araujo; Jones, Marcus Herbert; Stein, Renato Tetelbon; Pitrez, Paulo Márcio

2017-01-01

To present official longitudinal data on the impact of asthma in Brazil between 2008 and 2013. This was a descriptive study of data collected between 2008 and 2013 from an official Brazilian national database, including data on asthma-related number of hospitalizations, mortality, and hospitalization costs. A geographical subanalysis was also performed. In 2013, 2,047 people died from asthma in Brazil (5 deaths/day), with more than 120,000 asthma-related hospitalizations. During the whole study period, the absolute number of asthma-related deaths and of hospitalizations decreased by 10% and 36%, respectively. However, the in-hospital mortality rate increased by approximately 25% in that period. The geographic subanalysis showed that the northern/northeastern and southeastern regions had the highest asthma-related hospitalization and in-hospital mortality rates, respectively. An analysis of the states representative of the regions of Brazil revealed discrepancies between the numbers of asthma-related hospitalizations and asthma-related in-hospital mortality rates. During the study period, the cost of asthma-related hospitalizations to the public health care system was US$ 170 million. Although the numbers of asthma-related deaths and hospital admissions in Brazil have been decreasing since 2009, the absolute numbers are still high, resulting in elevated direct and indirect costs for the society. This shows the relevance of the burden of asthma in middle-income countries. Apresentar dados longitudinais oficiais sobre o impacto da asma no Brasil entre 2008 e 2013. Estudo descritivo de dados extraídos de um banco de dados do governo brasileiro entre 2008 e 2013, no qual foram analisados as hospitalizações e óbitos por asma, bem como o custo das hospitalizações. Foi também realizada uma subanálise geográfica. Em 2013, 2.047 pessoas morreram de asma no Brasil (5 óbitos/dia), com mais de 120.000 hospitalizações por asma. Durante o período de estudo, o n

Dynamics and Composition of the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone

Science.gov (United States)

Gottschaldt, K. D.; Schlager, H.; Baumann, R.; Bozem, H.; Cai, D. S.; Eyring, V.; Hoor, P. M.; Graf, P.; Joeckel, P.; Jurkat, T.; Voigt, C.; Grewe, V.; Zahn, A.; Ziereis, H.

2017-12-01

This study places trace gas observations in the upper-tropospheric Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) obtained with the HALO research aircraft during the ESMVal campaign into the context of regional, intra-annual variability by hindcasts with the EMAC model. The simulations demonstrate that tropospheric trace gas profiles in the monsoon season are distinct from the rest of the year. Air uplifted from the lower troposphere to the tropopause layer dominates the eastern part of the ASMA's interior, while the western part is characterized by subsidence down to the mid-troposphere. Soluble compounds are being washed out when uplifted by convection in the eastern part, where lightning simultaneously replenishes reactive nitrogen in the upper troposphere. Net photochemical ozone production is significantly enhanced in the ASMA, contrasted by an ozone depleting regime in the mid-troposphere and more neutral conditions in autumn and winter. An analysis of multiple monsoon seasons in the simulation shows that stratospherically influenced tropopause layer air is regularly entrained at the eastern ASMA flank, and then transported in the southern fringe around the interior region. Observed and simulated tracer-tracer relations reflect photochemical O3 production, as well as in-mixing from the lower troposphere and the tropopause layer. The simulation additionally shows entrainment of clean air from the equatorial region by northerly winds at the western ASMA flank. Although the in situ measurements were performed towards the end of summer, the main ingredients needed for their interpretation are present throughout the monsoon season.Subseasonal dynamical instabilities of the ASMA effectively overcome horizontal transport barriers, occur quite frequently, and are of paramount importance for the trace gas composition of the ASMA and its outflow into regions around the world.

Geological factors of deposit formation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grushevoj, G.V.

1980-01-01

Geologic factors of hydrogenic uranium deposit formation are considered. Structural, formation and lithological-facies factors of deposit formation, connected with zones of stratal oxidation, are characterized. Peculiarities of deposit localization, connected with orogenic structures of Mesozoic and lenozoic age, are described. It is noted that deposits of anagenous group are widely spread in Paleozoic formations, infiltration uranium deposits are localized mainly in Cenozoic sediments, while uranium mineralization both anagenous and infiltration groups are widely developed in Mesozoic sediments. Anagenous deposits were formed in non-oxygen situation, their age varies from 200 to 55 mln years. Infiltration deposit formation is determined by asymmetric oxidation zonation, their age varies from 10 - 40 mln years to dozens of thousand years [ru

Asma bronquial: factores de riesgo de las crisis y factores preventivos Bronchial asthma: risk factors of crises and preventive factors

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Anselmo Abdo Rodríguez

2007-09-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años, y con motivo de los avances que se realizan en el campo de la investigación del asma bronquial, los conceptos en su prevención han ido cambiando entre los especialistas que lo tratan. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo llevar el conocimiento básico necesario a los profesionales de la medicina, para que a cada paciente asmático, atendido por primera vez, se le determinen los alergenos desencadenantes, los factores agravantes y socioculturales que le rodean y que pueden estar afectándolo. Se aborda la sensibilización a alergenos desde la etapa embrionaria y lactancia en el niño atópico, cuándo debemos considerar a un niño con alto riesgo alérgico, los factores de riesgo más importantes, con experiencias prácticas en el Hospital Universitario “Calixto García”, y las recomendaciones para la prevención de las enfermedades alérgicas en lactantes e infantes de alto riesgo alérgico.En recent years and advances in research field of bronchial asthma, features in its prevention has been changing among specialists treating it. Aim of this paper is to transmit the basic and necessary knowledge to medicine professionals for that in each asthmatic patient treated for the first time, the triggering allergens, aggravating factors, and the surrounded sociocultural ones, affecting him be determined. Authors approach sensitivity to allergens from embryonic stage and the lactation in atopic child, when we must to consider the case of an allergic and in high risk child, the more significant risk factors, with practical experiences in “Calixto García” University Hospital, and recommendations for preventions of allergic diseases in infants and breast-fed child in high risk of allergy.

Archean Age Fossils from Northwestern Australia (Approximately 3.3 to 3.5 GA, Warrawoona Group, Towers Formation)

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Penny A. Morris

1999-01-01

Archean aged rocks from the Pilbara Block area of western Australia (Warrawoona Group, Towers Formation, -3.3-3.5 Ga) contain microfossils that are composed of various sizes of spheres and filaments. The first descriptions of these microfossils were published in the late 1970's (Dunlop, 1978; Dunlop, et. al., 1978). The authenticity of the microfossils is well established. The small size of the microfossils prevents isotope dating, at least with the present technology. Microbiologists, however, have established guidelines to determine the authenticity of the Archean aged organic remains (Schopf, Walter, 1992).

Multi-Aspect Group Formation using Facility Location Analysis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Neshati, Mahmood; Beigy, Hamid; Hiemstra, Djoerd

2012-01-01

In this paper, we propose an optimization framework to retrieve an optimal group of experts to perform a given multi-aspect task/project. Each task needs a diverse set of skills and the group of assigned experts should be able to collectively cover all required aspects of the task. We consider three

The Star Formation History of the Local Group Dwarf Galaxy Leo I

Science.gov (United States)

Gallart, Carme; Freedman, Wendy L.; Aparicio, Antonio; Bertelli, Giampaolo; Chiosi, Cesare

1999-11-01

We present a quantitative analysis of the star formation history (SFH) of the Local Group dSph galaxy Leo I, from the information in its Hubble Space Telescope [(V-I),I] color-magnitude diagram (CMD). It reaches the level of the oldest main-sequence turnoffs, and this allows us to retrieve the SFH in considerable detail. The method we use is based on comparing, via synthetic CMDs, the expected distribution of stars in the CMD for different evolutionary scenarios with the observed distribution. We consider the SFH to be composed by the SFR(t), the chemical enrichment law Z(t), the initial mass function (IMF), and a function β(f,q) controlling the fraction f and mass ratio distribution q of binary stars. We analyze a set of ~=50 combinations of four Z(t), three IMFs, and more than four β(f,q). For each of them, the best SFR(t) is searched for among ~=6x107 models. The comparison between the observed CMD and the model CMDs is done through χ2ν minimization of the differences in the number of stars in a set of regions of the CMD, chosen to sample stars of different ages or in specific stellar evolutionary phases. We empirically determine the range of χ2ν values that indicate acceptable models for our set of data using tests with models with known SFHs. Our solution for the SFH of Leo I defines a minimum of χ2ν in a well-defined position of the parameter space, and the derived SFR(t) is robust, in the sense that its main characteristics are unchanged for different combinations of the remaining parameters. However, only a narrow range of assumptions for Z(t), IMF, and β(f,q) result in a good agreement between the data and the models, namely, Z=0.0004, a IMF Kroupa et al. or slightly steeper, and a relatively large fraction of binary stars, with f=0.3-0.6, q>0.6, and an approximately flat IMF for the secondaries, or particular combinations of these parameters that would produce a like fraction of similar mass binaries. Most star formation activity (70% to 80

Função respiratória em filhos de mães asmáticas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco A. Valadares

2013-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a função pulmonar e as manifestações clínicas sugestivas de asma em filhos de mães com diagnóstico médico referido de asma. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional transversal analítico aninhado a uma coorte de 4.757 parturientes. Foram avaliadas 86 crianças aos seis anos de idade, filhas de mães com diagnóstico médico de asma antes da gestação. Foram coletadas informações referentes a sintomatologias clínicas de atopias e doenças respiratórias, variáveis socioeconômicas e de exposição; tendo sido as crianças submetidas à espirometria. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 30,3% de alterações espirométricas, havendo predomínio do diagnóstico de asma nos que apresentaram padrão obstrutivo. Diagnóstico médico pregresso de asma ocorreu em 9,3% das crianças; contudo, o diagnóstico estabelecido a partir da presença e frequência dos sintomas de asma representou 18,6%. Das 86 crianças participantes, 37,2% tiveram um escore de cinco ou mais pontos no questionário ISAAC, estando isso associado à alteração do padrão espirométrico (p = 0,002. Após a regressão logística múltipla, maior escolaridade paterna, maior número de quartos no domicílio e o fato de a mãe não ter apresentado "chiado" durante a gestação foram estatisticamente significantes como fatores protetores para a presença de distúrbio ventilatório à espirometria. CONCLUSÕES: A frequência de alterações do teste espirométrico em filhos de mães asmáticas foi alta, com o padrão restritivo ocorrendo mais vezes que o obstrutivo. Houve uma maior ocorrência de exames obstrutivos naqueles que apresentavam sintomatologia clínica de asma, com uma frequência de diagnóstico clínico de asma superior à encontrada na literatura.

Fission-track ages of the Tokai Group and associate formations in the east coast areas of Ise Bay and their significance in geohistory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Makinouchi, Takeshi; Danhara, Toru; Isoda, Kunitoshi.

1983-01-01

Fission-track ages of volcanic ash layers within the Tokai Group and associate formations in the east coast areas of Ise Bay are obtained by grain-by-grain method with which individual ages for the respective zircon grains are measured. They are as follows; 1) a volcanic ash layer in the Karayama Formation (tentative age: 1.9 +- 0.4 Ma). Among the zircon grains in this layer, essential ones occupy only 1 per cent, and the others are accidental. 2) Ohtani volcanic ash layer (4.3 +- 0.6 Ma). 3) Kosugaya volcanic ash layer (4.0 +- 0.5 Ma). 4) Kaminoma volcanic ash layer (5.3 +- 0.4 Ma). 5) A volcanic ash layer in the Toyoura Formation seems to be older than 10 Ma. 6) Zircon grains in the Kofu volcanic ash layer (Tokai Group) include two types of spontaneous namely track, clear and vague ones. The latter vague tracks are shorter and thiner, and seem to suffer thermal annealing. The ages obtained have clarified the following Points; a) The tentative age, 1.9 Ma, of the ''Karayama'' volcanic ash layer suggests the existence of unknown Plio-Pleistocene sediment in the Nagoya area. b) The sedimentary basin of Lake Tokai was formed in the latest Miocene, about 6.5 Ma. Generation of the basin coincides approximately with the stage of synchronous and abrupt change in sedimentation rate in sedimentary basins on the Pacific side of central and southern Japan. c) The Tokai Group in Chita (Tokoname Group) intercalates the Gilbert/Epoch 5 boundary in the paleomagnetic chronology in the middle horizon of the group. d) Average rate of sedimentation is about 1 m/10 4 yrs in the marginal areas of the basin, and 3-5 m/10 4 yrs in the central areas. (author)

Group play

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tychsen, Anders; Hitchens, Michael; Brolund, Thea

2008-01-01

Role-playing games (RPGs) are a well-known game form, existing in a number of formats, including tabletop, live action, and various digital forms. Despite their popularity, empirical studies of these games are relatively rare. In particular there have been few examinations of the effects of the v......Role-playing games (RPGs) are a well-known game form, existing in a number of formats, including tabletop, live action, and various digital forms. Despite their popularity, empirical studies of these games are relatively rare. In particular there have been few examinations of the effects...... of the various formats used by RPGs on the gaming experience. This article presents the results of an empirical study, examining how multi-player tabletop RPGs are affected as they are ported to the digital medium. Issues examined include the use of disposition assessments to predict play experience, the effect...... of group dynamics, the influence of the fictional game characters and the comparative play experience between the two formats. The results indicate that group dynamics and the relationship between the players and their digital characters, are integral to the quality of the gaming experience in multiplayer...

CLMP-Mediated Regulation of Intestinal Homeostasis in IBD

Science.gov (United States)

2014-10-01

AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-13-1-0334 TITLE: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Asma Nusrat CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Emory University Atlanta GA 30322...in IBD 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Charles A. Parkos (Initiating PI), Asma Nusrat (Partnering PI

A green non-acid-catalyzed process for direct N=N-C group formation: comprehensive study, modeling, and optimization.

Science.gov (United States)

Khakyzadeh, Vahid; Zolfigol, Mohammad Ali; Derakhshan-Panah, Fatemeh; Jafarian, Majid; Miri, Mir Vahid; Gilandoust, Maryam

2018-01-04

The aim of this work is to introduce, model, and optimize a new non-acid-catalyzed system for a direct N[Formula: see text]N-C bond formation. By reacting naphthols or phenol with anilines in the presence of the sodium nitrite as nitrosonium ([Formula: see text] source and triethylammonium acetate (TEAA), a N[Formula: see text]N-C group can be formed in non-acid media. Modeling and optimization of the reaction conditions were investigated by response surface method. Sodium nitrite, TEAA, and water were chosen as variables, and reaction yield was also monitored. Analysis of variance indicates that a second-order polynomial model with F value of 35.7, a P value of 0.0001, and regression coefficient of 0.93 is able to predict the response. Based on the model, the optimum process conditions were introduced as 2.2 mmol sodium nitrite, 2.2 mL of TEAA, and 0.5 mL [Formula: see text] at room temperature. A quadratic (second-order) polynomial model, by analysis of variance, was able to predict the response for a direct N=N-C group formation. Predicted response values were in good agreement with the experimental values. Electrochemistry studies were done to introduce new Michael acceptor moieties. Broad scope, high yields, short reaction time, and mild conditions are some advantages of the presented method.

Resposta cardiorrespiratória na asma induzida pelo exercício máximo com incrementos progressivos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

LAMAR FILHO RUY AMAZONAS

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Verificar a ocorrência de broncoconstrição induzida por exercício e verificar a resposta cardiorrespiratória durante o exercício máximo em pacientes asmáticos. Pacientes e métodos: Quatorze asmáticos (VEF1 basal de 86,3%, conforme os critérios da American Thoracic Society, foram submetidos a teste de exercício máximo. Foram realizadas curvas fluxo-volume antes, sete e 15 minutos após esforço progressivo máximo. Seis indivíduos (43% apresentaram queda do VEF1 igual ou maior que 15% após esforço máximo (grupo I. Os demais constituíram o grupo II. No grupo I, observou-se redução no VEF1 de 40,9% e 26,7% sete e 15min após o exercício, enquanto no grupo II ocorreu diminuição de 2,6% e aumento de 1,2%. No pico do exercício, os dois grupos atingiram FCmax acima de 91% do valor de referência; a carga máxima foi de 82,7% e 62,5%, o O2max (mL/kg/min de 93,5% e 58,9% e a VEmax de 91,5% e 63,8%, respectivamente, nos grupos I e II. Essas diferenças foram estatisticamente significativas. A correlação da queda percentual do VEF1 (7min pós-exercício com a VEmax (%predito mostrou um coeficiente r = 0,8989 para o grupo I e um r = 0,3629 para o grupo II. Não se observou correlação estatisticamente significativa entre o delta VEF1 e o O2max (% predito. Conclusão: Nos pacientes com asma induzida pelo exercício, a ocorrência de broncoconstrição correlacionou-se com o nível de ventilação máxima, mas não com a aptidão física (O2 máximo.

Experimental and Kinetic Investigation of the Influence of OH Groups on NOX Formation

KAUST Repository

Bohon, Myles

2016-01-01

the differences in NO formation. Measurements of temperature profiles and in-flame species concentrations, utilizing both probed and non-intrusive laser based techniques, allowed for the investigation of NO formation through non-thermal pathways

STUDI KOMPARATIF PEMIKIRAN H. HUSIN QADERI DAN H. M. ZURKANI JAHJA TENTANG KONSEP AL ASMÂ AL-HUSNÂ YANG MENUNJUKKAN PERBUATAN ALLAH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nor Ainah

2014-10-01

Full Text Available This paper compared the tought of al-Asma al-Husna by H. Husin Qader and H.M. Zurkani Jahja. There are differences in the tought of the two figures in the delivery of the words of al-Asma al-Husna written in their work. H. Husin Qaderi in his book ‘Senjata Mukmin’ (the Faithful’s weapon and H.M. Zurkani Jahja in his book ‘99 jalan menuju Tuhan’ (99 ways of finding the God. The findings of this study is H. Husin Qaderi thought about al-Asma al-Husna that shows God’s action is the dominant to the practical prayer with ‘zikir’, it is appropriate approach to Sufism that he had as well as the community needs are preaching at that time. H. M. Zurkani Jahja told about al-Asma al-Husna that shows God’s action is the dominant to the moral and spiritual implications, the Sufism approach that he used in accordance with al-Ghazali in his ‘al-Maqsâd. Zurkani used simple and easy explanation, it is because he wrote al-Asma al-Husna in a tabloid then booked, his expectation was the people to behave like the personality of God limited his ability. There are differences of tought about al-Asma al-Husna showing the actions of God according to both of them, their difference lies in the God’s blessings on His servants. Qaderi more closed, while Zurkani seems more open to God’s faithful servant and vice versa to get God’s blessings.

JOYFOR: A program for transformation of NJOY results in MATXS-format to the MITRA input format

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krieg, B.; Broeders, I.

1987-02-01

The program JOYFOR is the connection between the output of the group constant calculation code NJOY in MATXS-format and the testing and formatting program MITRA. Resonance selfshielding factors as well as transfermatrices for elastic and inelastic scattering and for (n,2n)- and (n,3n)-processes, normalized corresponding to the conventions of MITRA, are calculated by JOYFOR from the NJOY results and are written in MIGROS-format on an external file and on the standard output unit. Also the group cross-sections for infinite dilution, the 1/v-values and the fission spectrum are written out in the same format as in MIGROS. KERMA-factors are handled by JOYFOR in the same way as group cross-sections. The output data of JOYFOR may be tested by MITRA and transformed into input for the GRUBA management program GRUMA. The present version of JOYFOR handles group constants for neutron reactions only. Extension of the program to photon reactions is being planned. (orig.) [de

Dwarf Spheroidal Satellite Formation in a Reionized Local Group

OpenAIRE

Milosavljevic, Milos; Bromm, Volker

2013-01-01

Dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies have emerged a powerful probe of small-scale dark matter clustering and of cosmic reionization. They exhibit structural and chemical continuity with dwarf irregular galaxies in the field and with spheroidal galaxies in high-density environments. By combining empirical constraints derived for star formation at low gas column densities and metallicities in the local universe with a model for dark matter and baryonic mass assembly, we provide an analytical des...

The histopathology of a human mesenchymal stem cell experimental tumor model: support for an hMSC origin for Ewing's sarcoma?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Burns, J S; Abdallah, B M; Schrøder, Henrik Daa

2008-01-01

-forming potential of early passage hMSC-TERT20 cells, tumors derived from late passage cells expressed early biomarkers of osteogenesis. However, hMSC-TERT20 cells were heterogeneous for alpha smooth muscle actin (ASMA) expression and one out of six hMSC-TERT20 derived single cell clones was strongly ASMA positive....... Tumors from this ASMA+ clone had distinctive vascular qualities with hot spots of high CD34+ murine endothelial cell density, together with CD34- regions with a branching periodic acid Schiff reaction pattern. Such clone-specific differences in host vascular response provide novel models to explore...

Improving of the Drones Group Control System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tatiana Yurievna Morozova

2015-05-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the problem of drone group control, in particular, the problem of formation damage drone ensure safe movement of the group. To solve this problem is proposed to use multi-agent approach to the implementation of the overall strategy of management and metric routing algorithm for communication and the formation of the group. In general, the action of the control algorithms are shown and controlled drones in the formation of groups and roles. The conditions for the safe distance of the drone relative to each other in the group. It is shown that the combined use of these mechanisms can improve the efficiency of group management drone resistance groups to failures and failures, resulting in an increased probability of the assignment.

Individuality and social influence in groups : Inductive and deductive routes to group identity

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Postmes, T; Spears, R; Lee, AT; Novak, RJ

2005-01-01

A distinction between forms of social identity formation in small interactive groups is investigated. In groups in which a common identity is available or given, norms for individual behavior may be deduced; from group properties (deductive identity). In groups in which interpersonal relations are

Temporal formation of optical anisotropy and surface relief during polarization holographic recording in polymethylmethacrylate with azobenzene side groups

Science.gov (United States)

Sasaki, Tomoyuki; Izawa, Masahiro; Noda, Kohei; Nishioka, Emi; Kawatsuki, Nobuhiro; Ono, Hiroshi

2014-03-01

The formation of polarization holographic gratings with both optical anisotropy and surface relief (SR) deformation was studied for polymethylmethacrylate with azobenzene side groups. Temporal contributions of isotropic and anisotropic phase gratings were simultaneously determined by observing transitional intensity and polarization states of the diffraction beams and characterizing by means of Jones calculus. To clarify the mechanism of SR deformation, cross sections of SR were characterized based on the optical gradient force model; experimental observations were in good agreement with the theoretical expectation. We clarified that the anisotropic phase change originating in the reorientation of the azobenzene side groups was induced immediately at the beginning of the holographic recording, while the response time of the isotropic phase change originating in the molecular migration due to the optical gradient force was relatively slow.

Coal geology of the Paleocene-Eocene Calvert Bluff Formation (Wilcox Group) and the Eocene Manning Formation (Jackson Group) in east-central Texas; field trip guidebook for the Society for Organic Petrology, Twelfth Annual Meeting, The Woodlands, Texas, August 30, 1995

Science.gov (United States)

Warwick, Peter D.; Crowley, Sharon S.

1995-01-01

The Jackson and Wilcox Groups of eastern Texas (fig. 1) are the major lignite producing intervals in the Gulf Region. Within these groups, the major lignite-producing formations are the Paleocene-Eocene Calvert Bluff Formation (Wilcox) and the Eocene Manning Formation (Jackson). According to the Keystone Coal Industry Manual (Maclean Hunter Publishing Company, 1994), the Gulf Coast basin produces about 57 million short tons of lignite annually. The state of Texas ranks number 6 in coal production in the United States. Most of the lignite is used for electric power generation in mine-mouth power plant facilities. In recent years, particular interest has been given to lignite quality and the distribution and concentration of about a dozen trace elements that have been identified as potential hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) by the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. As pointed out by Oman and Finkelman (1994), Gulf Coast lignite deposits have elevated concentrations of many of the HAPs elements (Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Mn, Se, U) on a as-received gm/mmBtu basis when compared to other United States coal deposits used for fuel in thermo-electric power plants. Although regulations have not yet been established for acceptable emissions of the HAPs elements during coal burning, considerable research effort has been given to the characterization of these elements in coal feed stocks. The general purpose of the present field trip and of the accompanying collection of papers is to investigate how various aspects of east Texas lignite geology might collectively influence the quality of the lignite fuel. We hope that this collection of papers will help future researchers understand the complex, multifaceted interrelations of coal geology, petrology, palynology and coal quality, and that this introduction to the geology of the lignite deposits of east Texas might serve as a stimulus for new ideas to be applied to other coal basins in the U.S. and abroad.

Methodical aspects of group work organization of the trainees in the professional development programs in long distance format

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Igor A. Valdman

2017-01-01

Full Text Available In Russia and abroad the teamwork gained popularity in the labor market as a form of collective interaction between multiprofessional groups of specialists in implementing business projects, carrying out research and development projects, designing technological solutions and creating innovative products. At the same time, in the educational practice, especially when using distant educational technologies, the command method of instruction is quite rare. The reason for this is that the teamwork in the implementation of educational programs requires fixating individual educational outcomes of each trainee, their contribution to the performance of the group task. It complicates the organization of the educational process. As the result, educational organizations do not often use this educational form because of the complexity of its application in the conduct of intermediate and final attestation.Research goal. search and validation of a problem solution that can be formulated as a contradiction between the need to perform group homework assignments in distant learning and the necessity to fix the individual educational results of each trainee for the purpose of intermediate and final attestation. The authors of the article offer basic methodological principles that allow finding the balance in-between the requirements of legislation and preserving the team approach in the process of group work of trainees.Materials and methods. The initial materials of the research are an overview of existing publications on the organization of teamwork of trainees is used, including the implementation of training in a long distance format, the legislation of the Russian Federation regarding interim and final certification of trainees, as well as practical experience in implementing training programs, based on ANO “E-learning for Nanoindustry (“eNano””. Based on these materials, the authors offer basic methodological principles, obtained empirically and

Autoantibody frequency in celiac disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erkan Caglar

2009-01-01

Full Text Available AIM: In our study, we investigated the levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (anti-GAD, islet cell antibody (ICA, thyroperoxidase antibody (anti-TPO, thyroglobulin antibody (anti-TG, antinuclear antibodies (FANA, antibodies to double-stranded DNA (anti-ds DNA, antibody to Sjögren syndrome A antigen (anti-SSA, antibody to Sjögren syndrome B antigen (anti-SSB, Smith antibody (anti-Sm, smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA, and antimitochondrial antibody liver-kidney microsome (AMA-LKM in patients with celiac disease as compared to healthy controls and autoimmune hypothyroid patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 31 patients with celiac disease, 34 patients with autoimmune hypothyroidism and 29 healthy subjects were included in this study. Anti-SSA, anti-SSB, anti-Sm, anti-ds DNA, anti-GAD, anti-TPO and anti-TG were studied by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA, and AMA-LKM, ASMA, ANA and ICA were studied by immunofluorescence. Clinical data and the results of free thyroxine-thyroid stimulating hormone (FT4-TSH were collected from the patients' files by retrospective analysis. SPSS ver 13.0 was used for data analysis, and the χ2 method was used for comparisons within groups. RESULTS: The frequency of anti-SSA, anti-SSB, anti-GAD, anti-Sm, anti-ds DNA, AMA-LKM, ASMA, ANA and ICA were not significantly different between the groups. Levels of anti-TPO and anti-TG antibodies were found to be significantly higher (<0.001 in autoimmune hypothyroid patients when compared with other groups. CONCLUSION: In previous studies, an increased frequency of autoimmune diseases of other systems has been reported in patients with celiac disease. We found that the frequency of autoimmune antibodies specific for other autoimmune diseases was not higher in celiac disease.

Distal alluvial fan sediments in early Proterozoic red beds of the Wilgerivier formation, Waterberg Group, South Africa

Science.gov (United States)

Van Der Neut, M.; Eriksson, P. G.; Callaghan, C. C.

The 1900 - 1700 M.a. Waterberg Group belongs to a series of southern African cratonic cover sequences of roughly equivalent age. Red beds of the Wilgerivier Formation comprise sandstones, interbedded with subordinate conglomerates and minor mudrocks. These immature sedimentary rocks exhibit lenticular bedding, radial palaeocurrent patterns and features indicative of both streamflow and gravity-flow deposition. A distal wet alluvial fan palaeoenvironmental setting is envisaged, with fan-deltas forming where alluvial lobes prograded into a lacustrine basin. Intrastratal, diagenetic alteration of ferromagnesian detrital grains and ferruginous grain coatings led to the red colouration of the Wilgerivier sediments.

Salbutamol inhalado o nebulizado en el tratamiento de la exacerbación aguda del asma en el preescolar: estudio comparativo aleatorizado. Inhaled vs nebulized salbutamol in the management of acute asthma exacerbation in preschool children: a randomized comparative trial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María de la Luz Valencia Chávez

1999-03-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia y seguridad del salbutamol inhalado en comparación con el nebulizado, en niños de uno a seis años de edad, se diseñó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado en 70 casos que consultaron en un período de seis meses al Hospital Infantil Arzobispo Caycedo de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, por presentar una exacerbación aguda de asma. Se suministraron al grupo inhalado compuesto por 32 niños, dos disparos de 100 mg de salbutamol, mediante una inhalocámara de polietileno de fabricación casera y de 500 ml de capacidad, por tres oportunidades separadas entre sí veinte minutos. A los 38 pacientes nebulizados, se les administraron 0,15 mg/kg. disueltos en 4 ml de solución salina durante veinte minutos, también por tres veces y con intervalos similares de tiempo. Se midieron la frecuencia respiratoria y la saturación de oxígeno antes y después del tratamiento, así como la respuesta clínica al mismo y sus efectos secundarios. Los grupos fueron comparables según la edad, la gravedad de la crisis, la evolución previa de la misma y los signos clínicos y paraclínicos iniciales usados en la evaluación. La mejoría de los parámetros fue similar en los dos grupos (p >0,05, lo mismo que el número de respuestas buenas, regulares y malas al tratamiento. Las reacciones secundarias, especialmente la taquicardia, se presentaron en un porcentaje similar de casos: 14 (36,8% en los nebulizados y 7 (21,9% en los inhalados (p=0,27. Se concluye que, en la muestra estudiada, el resultado del tratamiento de la crisis aguda de asma en los niños hasta los seis años, es similar tanto si el salbutamol se administra por inhalación como por nebulización, pues la respuesta clínica y paraclínica y las reacciones secundarias, no son significativamente diferentes. In order to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of inhaled vs nebulized salbutamol, in children between one and six years, a randomized trial was performed in

Alterações ecocardiográficas em doentes asmáticos Echocardiograph alterations in asthma patients

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André Luís Mancini

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Introdução: A asma é uma doença inflamatória crónica cuja prevalência vem aumentando nos últimos 20 anos. Demanda grande utilização de recursos, principalmente no grupo grave. Neste, há consumo crónico de corticóides inalatórios e de β2-agonistas, que podem produzir uma série de problemas. O objectivo deste trabalho é o de rastrear as alterações electro e ecocardiográficas e relacioná-las ao grau da asma. Metodologia: Selecionámos 87 doentes do ambulatório de asma do HUGG, que, por rotina, possuem uma espirografia, um eletrocardiograma (ECG e um ecocardiograma (ECO feitos com um intervalo máximo de um mês. As alterações ecocardiográficas encontradas foram relacionadas com o grau da asma. Foram usadas estatísticas não paramétricas para essas comparações. Resultados: Encontrámos diferenças significativas (p≤ 0,05 quanto à idade, tempo de asma e saturação da hemoglobina (SaO2 entre os grupos leve e grave. Na amostra, foi identificada alta prevalência de insuficiência tricúspide (41,4%. Conclusões: O ECO identificou uma série de anormalidades, dependentes ou não da gravidade da asma. O ECO pode identificar a hipertensão arterial pulmonar, pelo cálculo da pressão média da artéria pulmonar.Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease which has increased during the last 20 years, putting a strain on medical resources, particularly severe forms of the disease. Treatment in such cases is inhaled corticosteroids and beta agonist drugs that can produce a range of side effects. The aim of this study is to identify echocardiograph abnormalities and correlate them with severity of disease. Methodology: Eight-seven outpatients were selected at the asthma unit of the Gaffrée Guinle University Hospital (HUGG. Each patient underwent spirometry, electrocardiogram (ECG and echocardiogram (ECO during the trial within a month maximum. Echocardiograph abnormalities found related to degree of asthma

Defining the Role of Public Health in Disaster Recovery: An Evaluation of State Public Health Planning Efforts

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-01

Brahmbhatt , Jennifer L. Chan, Edbert B. Hsu,Hani Mowafi, Thomas D. Kirsch, Asma Quereshi P. Gregg Greenough, “Public Health Preparedness of Post-Katrina...L. Chan, Edbert B. Hsu,Hani Mowafi, Thomas D. Kirsch, Asma Quereshi P. Gregg Greenough. “Public Health Preparedness of Post- Katrina and Rita

PROBLEM ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF THE LEGAL INSTITUTE OF CONSOLIDATED TAXPAYERS’ GROUPS IN RUSSIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irina Glazunova

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The subject. The article is devoted to the prerequisites of the emergence and essential characteristics of the institution of consolidated taxpayers’ groups in Russia and abroad, revealing of advantages and disadvantages of the legal regulation of the creation and operation of consolidated groups of payers of corporate profits tax, analyzing results and directions of the development of tax consolidation in Russian Federation.The purpose of the article is to identify positive and negative aspects of the functioning of the institution of consolidated taxpayers’ groups in Russia with the establishment of prospects of tax consolidation and the likely directions of its development.The description of the problem field. The development of the world economic system stimulates the emergence of new forms of management, characterized by the enlargement of busi-ness, the pooling of resources of individual enterprises into a single system in order to optimize entrepreneurial activity. These trends are reflected in the development of tax systems of various countries, that is expressed in the formation of institutions of consolidated taxpayers’ groups. Tax consolidation in Russia is a relatively new phenomenon, and it seems necessary to examine this institution from the law enforcement point of view, to evaluate its effectiveness.Methods and methodology. The authors used methods of analysis, synthesis, as well as formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical methods of investigation.Results and the scope of its application. The authors note that the institution of tax consolidation today is presented in the tax systems of most modern countries.The practice of applying the institution of consolidated taxpayers’ groups testifies to the existence of a significant number of advantages and disadvantages of tax consolidation in Russia. The moratorium on the creation of consolidated taxpayers’ groups, due to the contradictory nature of their influence on the

Avaliação da eficácia e segurança da associação de budesonida e formoterol em dose fixa e cápsula única no tratamento de asma não controlada: ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego, multicêntrico e controlado Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose, single-capsule budesonide-formoterol combination in uncontrolled asthma: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, controlled clinical trial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Stirbulov

2012-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia e a segurança da associação de budesonida e formoterol em dose fixa e cápsula única, em comparação ao uso de budesonida isolada em pacientes com asma não controlada. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego, multicêntrico, de fase III, com grupos paralelos, comparando a eficácia de curto prazo e a segurança da formulação em pó de budesonida (400 µg e formoterol (12 µg com a formulação em pó de budesonida (400 µg em 181 participantes com asma não totalmente controlada. A idade dos participantes variou de 18-77 anos. Após um período de run-in de 4 semanas, durante o qual todos os participantes receberam budesonida duas vezes por dia, houve a randomização para um dos tratamentos do estudo. O tratamento foi administrado duas vezes ao dia por 12 semanas. Os principais desfechos foram VEF1, CVF e PFE matinal. Os dados foram analisados por intenção de tratar. RESULTADOS: O grupo tratado com a associação, quando comparado ao grupo budesonida isolado, teve uma melhora significativa no VEF1 (0,12 L vs. 0,02 L; p = 0.0129 e no PFE matinal (30,2 L/min vs. 6,3 L/min; p = 0,0004. Esses efeitos foram acompanhados por boa tolerabilidade e segurança, como demonstrado pela baixa frequência de eventos adversos menores. CONCLUSÕES: A associação em cápsula única de budesonida e formoterol mostrou ser eficaz e segura. Os resultados demonstram que essa formulação é uma opção terapêutica válida para a obtenção e manutenção do controle da asma.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose, single-capsule budesonide-formoterol combination, in comparison with budesonide alone, in patients with uncontrolled asthma. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, phase III, parallel clinical trial, comparing the short-term efficacy and safety of the combination of budesonide (400 µg and formoterol (12 µg, with those of budesonide alone (400 µg, both delivered

Dental calculus formation in children and adolescents undergoing hemodialysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Martins, Carla; Siqueira, Walter Luiz; Oliveira, Elizabeth; Nicolau, José; Primo, Laura Guimarães

2012-10-01

This study aimed to determine whether dental calculus formation is really higher among patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis than among controls. Furthermore, the study evaluated correlations between dental calculus formation and dental plaque, variables that are related to renal disease and/or saliva composition. The Renal Group was composed of 30 patients undergoing hemodialysis, whereas the Healthy Group had 30 clinically healthy patients. Stimulated whole saliva and parotid saliva were collected. Salivary flow rate and calcium and phosphate concentrations were determined. In the Renal Group the saliva collection was carried out before and after a hemodialysis session. Patients from both groups received intraoral exams, oral hygiene instructions, and dental scaling. Three months later, the dental calculus was measured by the Volpe-Manhold method to determine the rate of dental calculus formation. The Renal Group presented a higher rate of dental calculus formation (p dental calculus formation and whole saliva flow rate in the Renal Group after a hemodialysis session (r = 0.44, p dental calculus was associated with phosphate concentration in whole saliva from the Renal Group (p dental calculus formation, probably due to salivary variables.

GLOBAL PROPERTIES OF NEUTRAL HYDROGEN IN COMPACT GROUPS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Walker, Lisa May [Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 (United States); Johnson, Kelsey E. [Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 (United States); Gallagher, Sarah C. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON (Canada); Privon, George C. [Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción (Chile); Kepley, Amanda A. [National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA 22903 (United States); Whelan, David G. [Physics Department, Austin College, Sherman, TX 75090 (United States); Desjardins, Tyler D. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 (United States); Zabludoff, Ann I. [Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 (United States)

2016-02-15

Compact groups of galaxies provide a unique environment to study the evolution of galaxies amid frequent gravitational encounters. These nearby groups have conditions similar to those in the earlier universe when galaxies were assembled and give us the opportunity to witness hierarchical formation in progress. To understand how the compact group environment affects galaxy evolution, we examine the gas and dust in these groups. We present new single-dish GBT neutral hydrogen (H i) observations of 30 compact groups and define a new way to quantify the group H i content as the H i-to-stellar mass ratio of the group as a whole. We compare the H i content with mid-IR indicators of star formation and optical [g − r] color to search for correlations between group gas content and star formation activity of individual group members. Quiescent galaxies tend to live in H i-poor groups, and galaxies with active star formation are more commonly found in H i-rich groups. Intriguingly, we also find “rogue” galaxies whose star formation does not correlate with group H i content. In particular, we identify three galaxies (NGC 2968 in RSCG 34, KUG 1131+202A in RSCG 42, and NGC 4613 in RSCG 64) whose mid-IR activity is discrepant with the H i. We speculate that this mismatch between mid-IR activity and H i content is a consequence of strong interactions in this environment that can strip H i from galaxies and abruptly affect star formation. Ultimately, characterizing how and on what timescales the gas is processed in compact groups will help us understand the interstellar medium in complex, dense environments similar to the earlier universe.

GLOBAL PROPERTIES OF NEUTRAL HYDROGEN IN COMPACT GROUPS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Walker, Lisa May; Johnson, Kelsey E.; Gallagher, Sarah C.; Privon, George C.; Kepley, Amanda A.; Whelan, David G.; Desjardins, Tyler D.; Zabludoff, Ann I.

2016-01-01

Compact groups of galaxies provide a unique environment to study the evolution of galaxies amid frequent gravitational encounters. These nearby groups have conditions similar to those in the earlier universe when galaxies were assembled and give us the opportunity to witness hierarchical formation in progress. To understand how the compact group environment affects galaxy evolution, we examine the gas and dust in these groups. We present new single-dish GBT neutral hydrogen (H i) observations of 30 compact groups and define a new way to quantify the group H i content as the H i-to-stellar mass ratio of the group as a whole. We compare the H i content with mid-IR indicators of star formation and optical [g − r] color to search for correlations between group gas content and star formation activity of individual group members. Quiescent galaxies tend to live in H i-poor groups, and galaxies with active star formation are more commonly found in H i-rich groups. Intriguingly, we also find “rogue” galaxies whose star formation does not correlate with group H i content. In particular, we identify three galaxies (NGC 2968 in RSCG 34, KUG 1131+202A in RSCG 42, and NGC 4613 in RSCG 64) whose mid-IR activity is discrepant with the H i. We speculate that this mismatch between mid-IR activity and H i content is a consequence of strong interactions in this environment that can strip H i from galaxies and abruptly affect star formation. Ultimately, characterizing how and on what timescales the gas is processed in compact groups will help us understand the interstellar medium in complex, dense environments similar to the earlier universe

The streptococcal collagen-like protein-1 (Scl1 is a significant determinant for biofilm formation by group a Streptococcus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oliver-Kozup Heaven A

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Group A Streptococcus (GAS is a human-specific pathogen responsible for a number of diseases characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations. During host colonization GAS-cell aggregates or microcolonies are observed in tissues. GAS biofilm, which is an in vitro equivalent of tissue microcolony, has only recently been studied and little is known about the specific surface determinants that aid biofilm formation. In this study, we demonstrate that surface-associated streptococcal collagen-like protein-1 (Scl1 plays an important role in GAS biofilm formation. Results Biofilm formation by M1-, M3-, M28-, and M41-type GAS strains, representing an intraspecies breadth, were analyzed spectrophotometrically following crystal violet staining, and characterized using confocal and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The M41-type strain formed the most robust biofilm under static conditions, followed by M28- and M1-type strains, while the M3-type strains analyzed here did not form biofilm under the same experimental conditions. Differences in architecture and cell-surface morphology were observed in biofilms formed by the M1- and M41-wild-type strains, accompanied by varying amounts of deposited extracellular matrix and differences in cell-to-cell junctions within each biofilm. Importantly, all Scl1-negative mutants examined showed significantly decreased ability to form biofilm in vitro. Furthermore, the Scl1 protein expressed on the surface of a heterologous host, Lactococcus lactis, was sufficient to induce biofilm formation by this organism. Conclusions Overall, this work (i identifies variations in biofilm formation capacity among pathogenically different GAS strains, (ii identifies GAS surface properties that may aid in biofilm stability and, (iii establishes that the Scl1 surface protein is an important determinant of GAS biofilm, which is sufficient to enable biofilm formation in the heterologous host

Geochemistry and geochronology of the Archean and palaeo-Proterozoic formations of southern Cameroon (Ntem group, Congo craton)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rchameni, R.

1997-01-01

The aim of this work is to understand the crustal evolution of the NW margin of the Congo craton using structural, petrography, isotopic, geochemical and geochronological studies of the Archean and palaeo-Proterozoic formations of the Ntem group of southern Cameroon. The synthesis of these studies allows to propose a diapir-type gravity model linked with the genesis of granitoids to explain the geodynamical evolution of this part of the craton during the Archean. A convergence model with the collision of the Congo and Sao-Francisco cratons and with crust thickening followed by a relaxation phase is proposed for the palaeo-Proterozoic. (J.S.)

SSX2 is a novel DNA-binding protein that antagonizes polycomb group body formation and gene repression

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gjerstorff, Morten Frier; Relster, Mette Marie; Greve, Katrine Buch Viden

2014-01-01

Polycomb group (PcG) complexes regulate cellular identity through epigenetic programming of chromatin. Here, we show that SSX2, a germline-specific protein ectopically expressed in melanoma and other types of human cancers, is a chromatin-associated protein that antagonizes BMI1 and EZH2 PcG body...... formation and derepresses PcG target genes. SSX2 further negatively regulates the level of the PcG-associated histone mark H3K27me3 in melanoma cells, and there is a clear inverse correlation between SSX2/3 expression and H3K27me3 in spermatogenesis. However, SSX2 does not affect the overall composition...

Dynamics and composition of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone

Science.gov (United States)

Gottschaldt, Klaus-Dirk; Schlager, Hans; Baumann, Robert; Sinh Cai, Duy; Eyring, Veronika; Graf, Phoebe; Grewe, Volker; Jöckel, Patrick; Jurkat-Witschas, Tina; Voigt, Christiane; Zahn, Andreas; Ziereis, Helmut

2018-04-01

This study places HALO research aircraft observations in the upper-tropospheric Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) into the context of regional, intra-annual variability by hindcasts with the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model. The observations were obtained during the Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) campaign in September 2012. Observed and simulated tracer-tracer relations reflect photochemical O3 production as well as in-mixing from the lower troposphere and the tropopause layer. The simulations demonstrate that tropospheric trace gas profiles in the monsoon season are distinct from those in the rest of the year, and the measurements reflect the main processes acting throughout the monsoon season. Net photochemical O3 production is significantly enhanced in the ASMA, where uplifted precursors meet increased NOx, mainly produced by lightning. An analysis of multiple monsoon seasons in the simulation shows that stratospherically influenced tropopause layer air is regularly entrained at the eastern ASMA flank and then transported in the southern fringe around the interior region. Radial transport barriers of the circulation are effectively overcome by subseasonal dynamical instabilities of the anticyclone, which occur quite frequently and are of paramount importance for the trace gas composition of the ASMA. Both the isentropic entrainment of O3-rich air and the photochemical conversion of uplifted O3-poor air tend to increase O3 in the ASMA outflow.

Biofilm formation of beta-hemolytic group G Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis isolates and its association with emm polymorphism.

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, Jui-Shan; Chen, Sin-Yu; Lo, Hsueh-Hsia

2017-11-01

Biofilm formation has been well known as a determinant of bacterial virulence. Group G Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE), a relevant pathogen with increasing medical importance, was evaluated for the biofilm-forming potential. Microtiter plate assay was used to assess the most feasible medium for group G SDSE to form a biofilm. Among 246 SDSE isolates examined, 46.7%, 43.5%, 33.3%, and 26.4% of isolates showed moderate or strong biofilm-forming abilities using tryptic soy broth (TSB), brain heart infusion broth (BHI), Todd-Hewitt broth (THB), and C medium with 30 mM glucose (CMG), respectively. The addition of glucose significantly increased the biofilm-forming ability of group G SDSE. FCT (fibronectin-collagen-T-antigen) typing of SDSE was first undertaken and 11 FCT types were found. Positive associations of stG10.0 or negative associations of stG245.0, stG840.0, and stG6.1 with biofilm-forming ability of SDSE were, respectively, found. This was the first investigation demonstrating biofilm-forming potential in clinical group G SDSE isolates; also, some significant associations of biofilm-forming ability with certain emm types were presented. © 2017 APMIS. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Chemostratigraphy of Neoproterozoic Banded Iron Formation (BIF)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gaucher, Claudio; Sial, Alcides N.; Frei, Robert

2015-01-01

Sawawin BIF (Saudi Arabia), and the Jucurutu Formation of the Seridó Belt (NE Brazil). Lake Superior type BIFs are represented by the Tonian Shilu Group (South China) and the late Ediacaran Arroyo del Soldado Group (Yerbal and Cerro Espuelitas formations, Uruguay). Useful chemostratigraphic tools...

Detection of anti-lactoferrin antibodies and anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis: a retrospective study.

Science.gov (United States)

Tan, Liming; Zhang, Yuhong; Peng, Weihua; Chen, Juanjuan; Li, Hua; Ming, Feng

2014-01-01

Anti-lactoferrin antibodies (ALA) and anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies (AMPA) are specific serological markers for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The project aimed to detect ALA and AMPA and explore their clinical significances in AIH patients. 59 AIH patients, 217 non AIH patients, and 50 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. ALA and AMPA were detected by ELISA. Antineutropil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) were examined by indirect immunofluorescence. Antimitochondrial antibody M2 subtype (AMA-M2), anti-liver kidney microsomal antibody Type 1 (LKM1), anti-liver cytosol antibody Type 1 (LC1), and anti-soluble liver antigen/liver-pancreas antibodies (SLA/LP) were tested by immunoblot. The positivity for ALA was 18.6% in AIH group, only one patient in non-AIH group was positive for ALA; the positivity for AMPA was 59.3% in AIH group, with significant differences (P < 0.01) compared with other groups. The specificities for ALA and AMPA were 99.63% and 97.75%; the sensitivities were 18.64% and 59.32%; and the accuracy rates were 84.97% and 90.80%, respectively. A certain correlation was observed between ALA and SLA/LP, AMPA and ANCA, ASMA in AIH group. ALA and AMPA were associated with AIH, and had high clinical diagnostic value. Co-detection with other relative autoantibodies could play an important role in differential diagnosis of AIH.

Educação permanente com agentes comunitários de saúde: uma proposta de cuidado com crianças asmáticas Continuing education with community health agents: a proposal for care of asthmatic children

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Wanderleya de Lavor Coriolano

2012-06-01

Full Text Available O uso de metodologias ativas nos processos de formação dos trabalhadores de saúde é uma diretriz recomendada na Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde (PNEPS para trabalhadores do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS. Neste estudo, formulou-se uma intervenção educativa para agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS sobre cuidados dirigidos a crianças/famílias com asma. O objetivo é descrever uma ação educativa com agentes comunitários de saúde sobre conhecimentos relacionados à asma, adotando as diretrizes da PNEPS no contexto da atenção primária. Tratase de estudo 'quantiqualitativo', com avaliação préteste e pósteste autopreenchida pelos agentes comunitários de saúde, além de metodologias ativas em três grupos focais vivenciais, que tiveram sua trajetória gravada e transcrita para posterior análise de dados, com uso da técnica análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática proposta por Bardin. Os conhecimentos dos ACS sobre mitos relacionados à asma apontaram acréscimo após a ação educativa. Dos grupos focais emergiram as temáticas: Educação em saúde para prevenção das doenças respiratórias; Significado atribuído à asma; Bombinhas: desmistificando conceitos; Fatores desencadeantes para asma; Adaptando cuidados preventivos; Avaliando os conhecimentos construídos. A utilização de metodologias ativas favoreceu o desenvolvimento de competências por parte dos ACS, despertando motivação na abordagem educativa junto às crianças/famílias com asma.The use of active methods in the health worker training process is a guideline that is recommended under the National Continuing Education in Health Policy (PNEPS for National Health System (SUS employees. In this study, the authors created an educational intervention for community health agents (CHA regarding care aimed at children/families with asthma. The aim is to describe an educational action involving community health workers about asthmarelated

A GIS FOR THE ANTARCTIC SPECIALLY MANAGED AREA OF ADMIRALTY BAY,KING GEORGE ISLAND,ANTARCTICA

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2001-01-01

ABSTRACT　A GIS is proposed as a tool for the managing plan for the Antarctic specially managed area (ASMA) in Admiralty Bay.The ASMA comprises the area considered to be within the glacial drainage basin of the bay.Furthermore,it includes part of SSSI No.8 adjacent to the area but outside of the glacial drainage basin.Three stations and six refuges are located in the area.Using a SPOT satellite image map,the limits of the ASMA are marked and its area is re_calculated.It consists of 362 km2,including 186 km2 island ice field and small cirque glaciers and 32 km2 ice_free field.The rest comprises water of the bay and a small adjacent area (8 km2) of the Bransfield Strait. The ASMA_GIS will consists of 12 data layers ranging from the physiographic settings to the biological and administrative features.All data will be implemented into Arc/Info GIS according to the cartographic guidelines of the SCAR WG_GGI.First,five plans of information will be realised using a topographic database compiled from various sources and data from the revised bathymetric chart published by the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Survey and also including: 1) Limits of the ASMA and protected areas;2) Glaciological features (e.g.drainage basin limits) and 3) Human presence (e.g.stations and historical sites).These basic GIS layers will be operational in early 2001.Then,additional data on the remaining layers (e.g.hydrology,geology and geomorphology) will be included from published sources. The ASMA_GIS will form an important database for environmental monitoring and studies surveying temporal changes of features such as glacier front positions or bird breading sites.

Stratigraphic and structural data for the Conasauga Group and the Rome Formation on the Copper Creek fault block near Oak Ridge, Tennessee: preliminary results from test borehole ORNL-JOY No. 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haase, C.S.; Walls, E.C.; Farmer, C.D.

1985-06-01

To resolve long-standing problems with the stratigraphy of the Conasauga Group and the Rome Formation on the Copper Creek fault block near Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), an 828.5-m-deep test borehole was drilled. Continuous rock core was recovered from the 17.7- to 828.5-m-deep interval; temperature, caliper, neutron, gamma-ray, and acoustic (velocity and televiewer) logs were obtained. The Conasauga Group at the study site is 572.4 m thick and comprises six formations that are - in descending stratigraphic order - Maynardville Limestone (98.8 m), Nolichucky Shale (167.9 m), Maryville Limestone (141.1 m), Rogersville Shale (39.6 m), Rutledge Limestone (30.8 m), and Pumpkin Valley Shale (94.2 m). The formations are lithologically complex, ranging from clastics that consist of shales, mudstones, and siltstones to carbonates that consist of micrites, wackestones, packstones, and conglomerates. The Rome Formation is 188.1 m thick and consists of variably bedded mudstones, siltstones, and sandstones. The Rome Formation thickness represents 88.1 m of relatively undeformed section and 100.0 m of highly deformed, jumbled, and partially repeated section. The bottom of the Rome Formation is marked by a tectonic disconformity that occurs within a 46-m-thick, intensely deformed interval caused by motion along the Copper Creek fault. Results from this study establish the stratigraphy and the lithology of the Conasauga Group and the Rome Formation near ORNL and, for the first time, allow for the unambiguous correlation of cores and geophysical logs from boreholes elsewhere in the ORNL vicinity. 45 refs., 26 figs., 2 tabs

Migros-3: a code for the generation of group constants for reactor calculations from neutron nuclear data in KEDAK format

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Broeders, I.; Krieg, B.

1977-01-01

The code MIGROS-3 was developed from MIGROS-2. The main advantage of MIGROS-3 is its compatibility with the new conventions of the latest version of the Karlsruhe nuclear data library, KEDAK-3. Moreover, to some extent refined physical models were used and numerical methods were improved. MIGROS-3 allows the calculation of microscopic group cross sections of the ABBN type from isotopic neutron data given in KEDAK-format. All group constants, necessary for diffusion-, consistent P 1 - and Ssub(N)-calculations can be generated. Anisotropy of elastic scattering can be taken into account up to P 5 . A description of the code and the underlying theory is given. The input and output description, a sample problem and the program lists are provided. (orig.) [de

Cell-specific detection of microRNA expression during cardiomyogenesis by combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schneider, Mikael; Andersen, Ditte Caroline; Silahtaroglu, Asli

2011-01-01

in connective tissue cells of the heart. More specifically, by co-staining with a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) and collagen-I, we found that miR-125b and -199a localize to perivascular a-SMA(-) stromal cells. Our approach thus proved valid for determining cell-specific localization of miRNAs, and the findings we...

Generation of seven group cross section library for TRIGA LEU fuel in CITATION format and benchmarking some experimental and operational data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sarker, M.M.; Bhuiyan, S.I.; Akramuzzaman, M.

2007-01-01

The principal objective of this study is to validate the seven group cross section library in CITATION format for TRIGA LEU Fuel. This presentation deals with the 'generation of a cross section library for the CITATION and its validation. We used WIMSD-5B version for the generation of all group constants. The overall strategy is: (1) use WIMS package to generate few group neutron macroscopic cross section (cell constants) for all of the materials in the core and its immediate neighborhood (2) use 3-D code CITATION to perform the global analysis of the core to study: multiplication factor, neutron flux distribution and power peaking factors. Various options available in WIMS program were studied in depth to finalize the models to generate the most appropriate group constants. For the global analysis the code CITATION and a post processing program FCAP were chosen. Thus a seven group cross section library for the calculations of TRIGA Research Reactor was generated. To investigate the validity of the generated library a critical experiment of the TRIGA research reactor was benchmarked. (author)

The star formation histories of local group dwarf galaxies. I. Hubble space telescope/wide field planetary camera 2 observations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weisz, Daniel R.; Dolphin, Andrew E.; Skillman, Evan D.; Holtzman, Jon; Gilbert, Karoline M.; Dalcanton, Julianne J.; Williams, Benjamin F.

2014-01-01

We present uniformly measured star formation histories (SFHs) of 40 Local Group (LG) dwarf galaxies based on color-magnitude diagram (CMD) analysis from archival Hubble Space Telescope imaging. We demonstrate that accurate SFHs can be recovered from CMDs that do not reach the oldest main sequence turn-off (MSTO), but emphasize that the oldest MSTO is critical for precisely constraining the earliest epochs of star formation. We find that: (1) the average lifetime SFHs of dwarf spheroidals (dSphs) can be approximated by an exponentially declining SFH with τ ∼ 5 Gyr; (2) lower luminosity dSphs are less likely to have extended SFHs than more luminous dSphs; (3) the average SFHs of dwarf irregulars (dIrrs), transition dwarfs, and dwarf ellipticals can be approximated by the combination of an exponentially declining SFH (τ ∼ 3-4 Gyr) for lookback ages >10-12 Gyr ago and a constant SFH thereafter; (4) the observed fraction of stellar mass formed prior to z = 2 ranges considerably (80% for galaxies with M < 10 5 M ☉ to 30% for galaxies with M > 10 7 M ☉ ) and is largely explained by environment; (5) the distinction between 'ultra-faint' and 'classical' dSphs is arbitrary; (6) LG dIrrs formed a significantly higher fraction of stellar mass prior to z = 2 than the Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies from Leitner and the SFHs from the abundance matching models of Behroozi et al. This may indicate higher than expected star formation efficiencies at early times in low mass galaxies. Finally, we provide all the SFHs in tabulated electronic format for use by the community.

The star formation histories of local group dwarf galaxies. I. Hubble space telescope/wide field planetary camera 2 observations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weisz, Daniel R. [Department of Astronomy, University of California at Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (United States); Dolphin, Andrew E. [Raytheon Company, 1151 East Hermans Road, Tucson, AZ 85756 (United States); Skillman, Evan D. [Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (United States); Holtzman, Jon [Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Box 30001, 1320 Frenger Street, Las Cruces, NM 88003 (United States); Gilbert, Karoline M.; Dalcanton, Julianne J.; Williams, Benjamin F., E-mail: drw@ucsc.edu [Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 (United States)

2014-07-10

We present uniformly measured star formation histories (SFHs) of 40 Local Group (LG) dwarf galaxies based on color-magnitude diagram (CMD) analysis from archival Hubble Space Telescope imaging. We demonstrate that accurate SFHs can be recovered from CMDs that do not reach the oldest main sequence turn-off (MSTO), but emphasize that the oldest MSTO is critical for precisely constraining the earliest epochs of star formation. We find that: (1) the average lifetime SFHs of dwarf spheroidals (dSphs) can be approximated by an exponentially declining SFH with τ ∼ 5 Gyr; (2) lower luminosity dSphs are less likely to have extended SFHs than more luminous dSphs; (3) the average SFHs of dwarf irregulars (dIrrs), transition dwarfs, and dwarf ellipticals can be approximated by the combination of an exponentially declining SFH (τ ∼ 3-4 Gyr) for lookback ages >10-12 Gyr ago and a constant SFH thereafter; (4) the observed fraction of stellar mass formed prior to z = 2 ranges considerably (80% for galaxies with M < 10{sup 5} M{sub ☉} to 30% for galaxies with M > 10{sup 7} M{sub ☉}) and is largely explained by environment; (5) the distinction between 'ultra-faint' and 'classical' dSphs is arbitrary; (6) LG dIrrs formed a significantly higher fraction of stellar mass prior to z = 2 than the Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies from Leitner and the SFHs from the abundance matching models of Behroozi et al. This may indicate higher than expected star formation efficiencies at early times in low mass galaxies. Finally, we provide all the SFHs in tabulated electronic format for use by the community.

Alterações ecocardiográficas em doentes asmáticos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André Luís Mancini

2008-05-01

, electrocardiogram (ECG and echocardiogram (ECO during the trial within a month maximum. Echocardiograph abnormalities found related to degree of asthma. Statistical analysis was made by non-parametric tests.Results: We found significant differences (p≤0.05 for age, disease duration and haemoglobin saturation (SaO2 between the moderate and severe groups. In the sample a high prevalence of tricuspid insufficiency (41.4% was identified.Conclusions: ECO identified a series of abnormalities that were not always dependent on severity of disease. ECO can identify pulmonary hypertension through calculation of mean pressure of the pulmonary artery.Rev Port Pneumol 2008; XIV (3: 363-377 Palavras-chave: Asma, ecocardiograma, hipertensão arterial pulmonar, Key-words: Asthma, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram

Echocardiograph alterations in asthma patients

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André Luís Mancini

2008-05-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease which has increased during the last 20 years, putting a strain on medical resources, particularly severe forms of the disease. Treatment in such cases is inhaled corticosteroids and beta agonist drugs that can produce a range of side effects. The aim of this study is to identify echocardiograph abnormalities and correlate them with severity of disease. Methodology: Eight-seven outpatients were selected at the asthma unit of the Gaffree Guinle University Hospital (HUGG. Each patient underwent spirometry, electrocardiogram (ECG and echocardiogram (ECO during the trial within a month maximum. Echocardiograph abnormalities found related to degree of asthma. Statistical analysis was made by nonparametric tests. Results: We found significant differences (p ≤ 0.05 for age, disease duration and haemoglobin saturation (SaO2 between the moderate and severe groups. In the sample a high prevalence of tricuspid insufficiency (41.4% was identified. Conclusions: ECO identified a series of abnormalities that were not always dependent on severity of disease. ECO can identify pulmonary hypertension through calculation of mean pressure of the pulmonary artery. Resumo: Introdução: A asma é uma doença inflamatória crónica cuja prevalência vem aumentando nos últimos 20 anos. Demanda grande utilização de recursos, principalmente no grupo grave. Neste, há consumo crónico de corticóides inalatórios e de β2-agonistas, que podem produzir uma série de problemas. O objectivo deste trabalho é o de rastrear as alterações electro e ecocardiográficas e relacioná-las ao grau da asma. Metodologia: Selecionámos 87 doentes do ambulatório de asma do HUGG, que, por rotina, possuem uma espirografia, um eletrocardiograma (ECG e um ecocardiograma (ECO feitos com um intervalo máximo de um mês. As alterações ecocardiográficas encontradas

Cognitive Behavior Therapy: A Comparison of Group and Individual Formats.

Science.gov (United States)

Shaffer, Carolyn S.; And Others

The relative efficacy of both group and individual cognitive behavior therapeutic approaches in treating anxiety and depression are evaluated and then compared to an interpersonal group therapy approach. The two major hypotheses are that group cognitive behavior therapy is at least as effective as individual cognitive behavior therapy, and that…

Autoantibodies other than anti-desmogleins in pemphigus vulgaris patients

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Marwah Adly Saleh

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV is an immunoglobulin G-mediated autoimmune bullous skin disease. Nonorgan-specific antibodies were detected in Tunisian and Brazilian pemphigus patients with different prevalence. Materials and Methods: Fifty PV patients and fifty controls were screened for antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMAs, anti-parietal antibodies (APAs, anti-mitochondrial antibodies, and Anti-nuclear cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA by indirect immunofluorescence. Results: Thirty-nine patients were female and 11 were male. Fifteen patients did not receive treatment before while 35 patients were on systemic steroid treatment ± azathioprine. Twenty (40% of the PV patients and 1 (2% control had positive ANA. ANA was significantly higher in PV patients than controls, P< 0.0001. ASMAs were detected in 20 (40% PV patients and none of the controls. ASMA was significantly higher in PV patients than controls, P< 0.0001. No significant difference was detected between treated and untreated regarding ANA, P - 0.11. However, there was a significant difference between treated and untreated regarding ASMA, P- 0.03. Six patients (12% and none of the controls had positive APA. There was a significant difference between the patients and the controls in APA. P- 0.027. Conclusion: Egyptian PV patients showed more prevalent ANA, ASMA, and APA than normal controls. Follow-up of those patients is essential to detect the early development of concomitant autoimmune disease. Environmental factors might account for the variability of the nonorgan-specific antibodies among different populations.

Adaptação e validação do Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ-A em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros com asma Adaptation and validation of the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ in Brazilian asthmatic children and adolescents

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Cintia S. K. La Scala

2005-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Traduzir e adaptar ao português (cultura brasileira o Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ para uso em crianças e adolescentes com asma e validar a versão adaptada (PAQLQ-A. MÉTODOS: Crianças e adolescentes (7 a 17 anos com asma foram entrevistados e responderam o PAQLQ-A à admissão, sendo avaliados por escore clínico de gravidade. Segundo o escore clínico de gravidade, os pacientes foram classificados em leves ( 2. Eles foram reavaliados em pelo menos mais duas ocasiões, com intervalo de 2 a 4 semanas. RESULTADOS: Durante o seguimento, alguns se mantiveram sem mudança no escore clínico de gravidade e foram identificados como estáveis; já os que variaram foram identificados como instáveis. A reprodutibilidade do PAQLQ-A foi avaliada entre os estáveis comparando-se as médias dos domínios sintomas, emoções, atividades e total e do escore clínico de gravidade em dois tempos predeterminados (15 a 30 dias de intervalo, sem diferenças entre elas. A avaliação da suscetibilidade à alteração foi feita entre os pacientes instáveis. As médias dos domínios e o total em dois tempos foram significantemente diferentes, assim como o escore clínico de gravidade. A validação do instrumento foi realizada pela aplicação do teste de confiabilidade de Cronbach (a = 0,909. CONCLUSÕES: A tradução do PAQLQ para a língua portuguesa não modificou estruturalmente o questionário original; o PAQLQ-A é de fácil aplicação, reprodutível, capaz de detectar mudanças e constitui-se em instrumento valioso para a avaliação da qualidade de vida em crianças e adolescentes com asma.OBJECTIVES: To translate the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ into Portuguese and adapt it to the Brazilian context, for use in children and adolescents with asthma and to validate the adapted version of the questionnaire (PAQLQ-A. METHODS: Children and adolescents (7 to 17 years old with asthma answered the

Common Group Problems: A Field Study.

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Weinberg, Sanford B.; And Others

1981-01-01

A field study of a naturally functioning group (N=125) was conducted to identify common group problems. Trained observers attended group meetings and described the problems encountered. Difficulties of cohesion, leadership, sub-group formation, and personality conflict were identified. (RC)

Diols and anions can control the formation of an exciplex between a pyridinium boronic acid with an aryl group connected via a propylene linker.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Yan-Jun; Jiang, Yun-Bao; Bull, Steven D; Fossey, John S; James, Tony D

2010-11-21

The exciplex formation between a pyridinium boronic acid and phenyl group connected via a propylene linker can be monitored using fluorescence. Addition of pinacol affords a cyclic boronate ester with enhanced Lewis acidity that increases the strength of its cation-π stacking interaction causing a four-fold fluorescence enhancement.

Examples from the Rewa Group of Proterozoic Vindhyan bas

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The Rewa Group of the Vindhyan Supergroup in the Son valley begins with a thick (∼200 m) dominantly shaly, shelfal succession, occurring between the Dhandraul Formation of the Kaimur. Group (fluvial sandstone) below and Drammondganj Formation of the Rewa Group (marginal marine sandstone) above. Such a ...

The NeXus data format

OpenAIRE

Könnecke, Mark; Akeroyd, Frederick A.; Osborn, Raymond; Peterson, Peter F.; Richter, Tobias; Suzuki, Jiro; Watts, Benjamin; Wintersberger, Eugen; Wuttke, Joachim; Bernstein, Herbert J.; Brewster, Aaron S.; Campbell, Stuart I.; Clausen, Björn; Cottrell, Stephen; Hoffmann, Jens Uwe

2015-01-01

NeXus is an effort by an international group of scientists to define a common data exchange and archival format for neutron, X-ray and muon experiments. NeXus is built on top of the scientific data format HDF5 and adds domain-specific rules for organizing data within HDF5 files, in addition to a dictionary of well defined domain-specific field names. The NeXus data format has two purposes. First, it defines a format that can serve as a container for all relevant data associated with a beamlin...

Lower prevalence and greater severity of asthma in hot and dry climate

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Marco Aurélio de Valois Correia Junior

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Objective: To estimate asthma prevalence, severity, and associated factors in adolescents who live in a low relative humidity environment. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, adolescents aged 13–14 years from the city of Petrolina located in the Brazilian semiarid region answered the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC questionnaire. The possible explanatory variables of the study were gender, family income, mother's education, smokers in the household, parental history of asthma, personal history of allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis, and physical activity level. Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the association between asthma and the explanatory variables. Results: A total of 1591 adolescents participated in the study, of whom 49.7% were male. The prevalence of active asthma, severe asthma, and physician-diagnosed asthma were 14.0%, 10.4%, and 17.8%, respectively. Adolescents with asthma missed more school days than their peers (33 vs. 22 days/year; p < 0.03. Associated factors that remained significant after adjustment were history of asthma in parents (PR = 2.65, p < 0.001 and personal diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (PR = 1.96, p < 0.001 and/or atopic dermatitis (PR = 2.18, p < 0.001. Conclusion: Asthma prevalence in this low-humidity environment was lower, but more severe than those reported in other Brazilian cities. The dry climate might hamper disease control and this may have contributed to the higher school absenteeism observed. The association of asthma with allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis as well as a history of asthma in parents suggests that atopy is an important risk factor for asthma in this population. Resumo: Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência, a gravidade e os fatores associados à asma em adolescentes que vivem em uma região de baixa umidade relativa do ar. Métodos: Estudo transversal em adolescentes de 13 e 14 anos do semiárido brasileiro. Os

From Sermon Formation to Preacher Formation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gaarden, Marianne

2016-01-01

today is less about exercising the authority of an office and more about embodying authenticity. I argue that traditional homiletic education can benefit from implementing a learner-centered approach to teaching moving from sermon formation towards preacher formation, in order to develop and train...... preachers. This involves a learning strategy to ministry where theological skills, pastoral competences, and own personality are interwoven. Teaching here means facilitating a room of learning where teacher’s power and control is reduced, allowing the preacher to reflect upon own practice without being...... judged, evaluated, or critiqued. In this paper, I explain how a learner-centered approach to education works in practice and show how pastors experience the teaching method and the congregations’ positive response to their improvements. I shall present the results of a focus-group interview with pastors...

Educational interventions to improve inhaler techniques and their impact on asthma and COPD control: a pilot effectiveness-implementation trial.

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Maricoto, Tiago; Madanelo, Sofia; Rodrigues, Luís; Teixeira, Gilberto; Valente, Carla; Andrade, Lília; Saraiva, Alcina

2016-01-01

To assess the impact that educational interventions to improve inhaler techniques have on the clinical and functional control of asthma and COPD, we evaluated 44 participants before and after such an intervention. There was a significant decrease in the number of errors, and 20 patients (46%) significantly improved their technique regarding prior exhalation and breath hold. In the asthma group, there were significant improvements in the mean FEV1, FVC, and PEF (of 6.4%, 8.6%, and 8.3% respectively). Those improvements were accompanied by improvements in Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test scores but not in Asthma Control Test scores. In the COPD group, there were no significant variations. In asthma patients, educational interventions appear to improve inhaler technique, clinical control, and functional control. RESUMO Para avaliar o impacto do ensino da técnica inalatória no controle clínico e funcional de pacientes com asma ou DPOC, incluíram-se 44 participantes antes e após essa intervenção. Houve uma diminuição significativa no número de erros cometidos, sendo que 20 pacientes (46%) melhoraram significativamente sua técnica na expiração prévia e apneia final. No grupo asma, houve significativa melhora nas médias de FEV1 (6,4%), CVF (8,6%) e PFE (8,3%), e essa melhora correlacionou-se com os resultados no Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test, mas não com os do Asthma Control Test. No grupo DPOC, não houve variações significativas. O ensino da técnica inalatória parece melhorar seu desempenho e os controles clínico e funcional em pacientes com asma.

Cultural Differences in Alliance Formation during Group Supervision.

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Carter, John W.; Pak, Jenny H.; Goodyear, Rodney K.

Study tested whether general differences between Asian and European-American cultures (interdependent vs. independent orientation, levels of self-disclosure and conflict in social relationships) would have an effect on the supervisory process of counseling trainees. On the context of weekly group supervision, first-year counseling trainees were…

Personality, Parasites, Political Attitudes, and Cooperation: A Model of How Infection Prevalence Influences Openness and Social Group Formation.

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Brown, Gordon D A; Fincher, Corey L; Walasek, Lukasz

2016-01-01

What is the origin of individual differences in ideology and personality? According to the parasite stress hypothesis, the structure of a society and the values of individuals within it are both influenced by the prevalence of infectious disease within the society's geographical region. High levels of infection threat are associated with more ethnocentric and collectivist social structures and greater adherence to social norms, as well as with socially conservative political ideology and less open but more conscientious personalities. Here we use an agent-based model to explore a specific opportunities-parasites trade-off (OPTO) hypothesis, according to which utility-maximizing agents place themselves at an optimal point on a trade-off between (a) the gains that may be achieved through accessing the resources of geographically or socially distant out-group members through openness to out-group interaction, and (b) the losses arising due to consequently increased risks of exotic infection to which immunity has not been developed. We examine the evolution of cooperation and the formation of social groups within social networks, and we show that the groups that spontaneously form exhibit greater local rather than global cooperative networks when levels of infection are high. It is suggested that the OPTO model offers a first step toward understanding the specific mechanisms through which environmental conditions may influence cognition, ideology, personality, and social organization. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Topics in Cognitive Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Cognitive Science Society.

A challenge to dSph formation models: are the most isolated Local Group dSph galaxies truly old?

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Monelli, Matteo

2017-08-01

What is the origin of the different dwarf galaxy types? The classification into dwarf irregular (dIrr), spheroidal (dSph), and transition (dT) types is based on their present-day properties. However, star formation histories (SFHs) reconstructed from deep color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) provide details on the early evolution of galaxies of all these types, and indicate only two basic evolutionary paths. One is characterized by a vigorous but brief initial star-forming event, and little or no star formation thereafter (fast evolution), and the other one by roughly continuous star formation until (nearly) the present time (slow evolution). These two paths do not map directly onto the dIrr, dT and dSph types. Thus, the present galaxy properties do not reflect their lifetime evolution. Since there are some indications that slow dwarfs were assembled in lower-density environments than fast dwarfs, Gallart et al (2015) proposed that the distinction between fast and slow dwarfs reflects the characteristic density of the environment where they formed. This scenario, and more generally scenarios where dSph galaxies formed through the interaction with a massive galaxy, are challenged by a small sample of extremely isolated dSph/dT in the outer fringes of the Local Group. This proposal targets two of these objects (VV124, KKR25) for which we will infer their SFH - through a novel technique that combines the information from their RR Lyrae stars and deep CMDs sampling the intermediate-age population - in order to test these scenarios. This is much less demanding on observing time than classical SFH derivation using full depth CMDs.

Invertebrate ichnofossils and rhizoliths associated with rhizomorphs from the Marília Formation (Echaporã Member), Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous, Brazil

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Mineiro, Adriano Santos; Santucci, Rodrigo Miloni; da Rocha, Dulce Maria Sucena; de Andrade, Marco Brandalise; Nava, William Roberto

2017-12-01

The Marília Formation (Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous, Brazil) has furnished a large array of vertebrate fossils. However, its ichnological and botanical contents are poorly explored to date. Here we report findings of invertebrate trace fossils (Beaconites isp., Skolithos isp., and Taenidium barretti), rhizoliths associated with rhizomorphs with preserved hyphae, and fossil roots from the Echaporã Member, Marília Formation, São Paulo State, Brazil. The association of trace fossils suggest they can be regarded to the Scoyenia Ichnofacies. The rhizoliths indicate that at least two types of herbaceous/arbustive plants inhabited the area, one of them living in the vadose zone and the other one with roots closer to the water table, under arid/semiarid conditions. Sedimentological analyses suggest the studied outcrop comprises fluvial deposits, with predominance of sand bars that underwent different and relatively long periods of subaerial exposure.

Production and testing of the ENEA-Bologna VITJEFF32.BOLIB (JEFF-3.2) multi-group (199 n + 42 γ) cross section library in AMPX format for nuclear fission applications

Science.gov (United States)

Pescarini, Massimo; Orsi, Roberto; Frisoni, Manuela

2017-09-01

The ENEA-Bologna Nuclear Data Group produced the VITJEFF32.BOLIB multi-group coupled neutron/photon (199 n + 42 γ) cross section library in AMPX format, based on the OECD-NEA Data Bank JEFF-3.2 evaluated nuclear data library. VITJEFF32.BOLIB was conceived for nuclear fission applications as European counterpart of the ORNL VITAMIN-B7 similar library (ENDF/B-VII.0 data). VITJEFF32.BOLIB has the same neutron and photon energy group structure as the former ORNL VITAMIN-B6 reference library (ENDF/B-VI.3 data) and was produced using similar data processing methodologies, based on the LANL NJOY-2012.53 nuclear data processing system for the generation of the nuclide cross section data files in GENDF format. Then the ENEA-Bologna 2007 Revision of the ORNL SCAMPI nuclear data processing system was used for the conversion into the AMPX format. VITJEFF32.BOLIB contains processed cross section data files for 190 nuclides, obtained through the Bondarenko (f-factor) method for the treatment of neutron resonance self-shielding and temperature effects. Collapsed working libraries of self-shielded cross sections in FIDO-ANISN format, used by the deterministic transport codes of the ORNL DOORS system, can be generated from VITJEFF32.BOLIB through the cited SCAMPI version. This paper describes the methodology and specifications of the data processing performed and presents some results of the VITJEFF32.BOLIB validation.

Production and testing of the ENEA-Bologna VITJEFF32.BOLIB (JEFF-3.2 multi-group (199 n + 42 γ cross section library in AMPX format for nuclear fission applications

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Pescarini Massimo

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The ENEA-Bologna Nuclear Data Group produced the VITJEFF32.BOLIB multi-group coupled neutron/photon (199 n + 42 γ cross section library in AMPX format, based on the OECD-NEA Data Bank JEFF-3.2 evaluated nuclear data library. VITJEFF32.BOLIB was conceived for nuclear fission applications as European counterpart of the ORNL VITAMIN-B7 similar library (ENDF/B-VII.0 data. VITJEFF32.BOLIB has the same neutron and photon energy group structure as the former ORNL VITAMIN-B6 reference library (ENDF/B-VI.3 data and was produced using similar data processing methodologies, based on the LANL NJOY-2012.53 nuclear data processing system for the generation of the nuclide cross section data files in GENDF format. Then the ENEA-Bologna 2007 Revision of the ORNL SCAMPI nuclear data processing system was used for the conversion into the AMPX format. VITJEFF32.BOLIB contains processed cross section data files for 190 nuclides, obtained through the Bondarenko (f-factor method for the treatment of neutron resonance self-shielding and temperature effects. Collapsed working libraries of self-shielded cross sections in FIDO-ANISN format, used by the deterministic transport codes of the ORNL DOORS system, can be generated from VITJEFF32.BOLIB through the cited SCAMPI version. This paper describes the methodology and specifications of the data processing performed and presents some results of the VITJEFF32.BOLIB validation.

Unique Footprint in the scl1.3 Locus Affects Adhesion and Biofilm Formation of the Invasive M3-Type Group A Streptococcus.

Science.gov (United States)

Bachert, Beth A; Choi, Soo J; LaSala, Paul R; Harper, Tiffany I; McNitt, Dudley H; Boehm, Dylan T; Caswell, Clayton C; Ciborowski, Pawel; Keene, Douglas R; Flores, Anthony R; Musser, James M; Squeglia, Flavia; Marasco, Daniela; Berisio, Rita; Lukomski, Slawomir

2016-01-01

The streptococcal collagen-like proteins 1 and 2 (Scl1 and Scl2) are major surface adhesins that are ubiquitous among group A Streptococcus (GAS). Invasive M3-type strains, however, have evolved two unique conserved features in the scl1 locus: (i) an IS1548 element insertion in the scl1 promoter region and (ii) a nonsense mutation within the scl1 coding sequence. The scl1 transcript is drastically reduced in M3-type GAS, contrasting with a high transcription level of scl1 allele in invasive M1-type GAS. This leads to a lack of Scl1 expression in M3 strains. In contrast, while scl2 transcription and Scl2 production are elevated in M3 strains, M1 GAS lack Scl2 surface expression. M3-type strains were shown to have reduced biofilm formation on inanimate surfaces coated with cellular fibronectin and laminin, and in human skin equivalents. Repair of the nonsense mutation and restoration of Scl1 expression on M3-GAS cells, restores biofilm formation on cellular fibronectin and laminin coatings. Inactivation of scl1 in biofilm-capable M28 and M41 strains results in larger skin lesions in a mouse model, indicating that lack of Scl1 adhesin promotes bacterial spread over localized infection. These studies suggest the uniquely evolved scl1 locus in the M3-type strains, which prevents surface expression of the major Scl1 adhesin, contributed to the emergence of the invasive M3-type strains. Furthermore these studies provide insight into the molecular mechanisms mediating colonization, biofilm formation, and pathogenesis of group A streptococci.

Unique footprint in the scl1.3 locus affects adhesion and biofilm formation of the invasive M3-type group A Streptococcus

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Beth Alexandra Bachert

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The streptococcal collagen-like proteins 1 and 2 (Scl1 and Scl2 are major surface adhesins that are ubiquitous among group A Streptococcus (GAS. Invasive M3-type strains, however, have evolved two unique conserved features in the scl1 locus: (i an IS1548 element insertion in the scl1 promoter region and (ii a nonsense mutation within the scl1 coding sequence. The scl1 transcript is drastically reduced in M3-type GAS, contrasting with a high transcription level of scl1 allele in invasive M1-type GAS. This leads to a lack of Scl1 expression in M3 strains. In contrast, while scl2 transcription and Scl2 production are elevated in M3 strains, M1 GAS lack Scl2 surface expression. M3-type strains were shown to have reduced biofilm formation on inanimate surfaces coated with cellular fibronectin and laminin, and in human skin equivalents. Repair of the nonsense mutation and restoration of Scl1 expression on M3-GAS cells, restores biofilm formation on cellular fibronectin and laminin coatings. Inactivation of scl1 in biofilm-capable M28 and M41 strains results in larger skin lesions in a mouse model, indicating that lack of Scl1 adhesin promotes bacterial spread over localized infection. These studies suggest the uniquely evolved scl1 locus in the M3-type strains, which prevents surface expression of the major Scl1 adhesin, contributed to the emergence of the invasive M3-type strains. Furthermore these studies provide insight into the molecular mechanisms mediating colonization, biofilm formation, and pathogenesis of group A streptococci.

Prevalência dos atendimentos por crises de asma nos serviços públicos do Município de Juiz de Fora (MG Prevalence of asthma attacks treated in public health facilities in the city of Juiz de Fora, Brazil

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Oscarina da Silva Ezequiel

2007-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência dos atendimentos por crises de asma nos serviços públicos de Juiz de Fora (MG, no período de 01/02/2002 a 31/01/2003. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo seccional, mensalmente, avaliando-se os atendimentos por crises de asma. As variáveis analisadas foram sexo, idade, local de residência dos pacientes, diferenças no perfil dos atendimentos segundo a faixa etária e o local de atendimento, além da correlação das crises asmáticas com temperatura e umidade relativa do ar. RESULTADOS:Foram atendidos 25.243 pacientes com crises asmáticas, representando 11,1% do total de consultas da clínica pediátrica e 2,7% do total de consultas da clínica médica. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 11,6 anos e a mediana de quatro anos. Eram do sexo masculino 52,9% dos pacientes. A análise da distribuição anual evidenciou um aumento do número de atendimentos por crises asmáticas nos meses de maio (11,5%, junho (10,8% e julho (10,9%, com correlação inversa e forte para temperatura (-0,86 e inversa e fraca para umidade relativa (-0,27. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as médias de idade e sexo, quando se compararam os serviços de urgência e as unidades básicas de saúde. A avaliação segundo a faixa etária demonstrou predomínio do sexo masculino nos pacientes menores de doze anos e do feminino nos maiores ou com doze anos. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se a importância da asma como problema de saúde pública no município, o qual necessita de estratégias locais urgentes que permitam aumentar os investimentos em tratamentos profiláticos.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of asthma attacks treated in public health facilities in the city of Juiz de Fora, Brazil from February 1, 2002 to January 31, 2003. METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study involving monthly analyses performed in order to evaluate the asthma attacks treated. The variables analyzed were patient gender, age, and place of

Comparing Formation or Non-Formation of Bladder Flap at Cesarean Section on Perioperative and Postoperative Complications: Double-Blind Clinical Trial

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Farideh Akhlaghi

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Objective: To investigating formation or non-formation of bladder flap at Cesarean section on the complications during and after surgery.Materials and methods: This is a double-blind clinical trial study conducted during February 2014 to May 2015 on 64 pregnant women with gestational age of 36 weeks or more who were delivered by Cesarean section for the first time. They were randomly divided into two groups (intervention group: non-formation of bladder flap; control group: formation of bladder flap. The time to cut out the baby by Cesarean section, total duration of operation, bladder injury, intraoperative bleeding, hematocrit changes expected prior to during and following operation, postoperative pain, macroscopic and microscopic hematuria, postoperative complications and duration of  hospitalization were compared between two groups. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 16 using and statistics tests. p < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Time to cut out the baby for the intervention group (124.9 ± 40.5 seconds and for control group 155.1 ± 42.9 seconds and total duration of the operation (intervention group: 27.7 ± 5.2 min and control group: 34 ± 4.73 min were significantly different (p = 0.000. Number of gauze consumption during operation and postoperative hematocrit drop in the intervention group was significantly lower in the intervention group compared the control group (p = 0.000. The postoperative pain score in the intervention group (4.8 ± 1.1 and in control group (6.3 ± 0.9 were significantly different (p = 0.000.Conclusion: Omission of the bladder flap at Cesarean section leads to short-term benefits such as reducing the time to cut out the fetus, duration of surgery, decreasing postoperative bleeding and lowering pain.

Vibration acceleration promotes bone formation in rodent models.

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Ryohei Uchida

Full Text Available All living tissues and cells on Earth are subject to gravitational acceleration, but no reports have verified whether acceleration mode influences bone formation and healing. Therefore, this study was to compare the effects of two acceleration modes, vibration and constant (centrifugal accelerations, on bone formation and healing in the trunk using BMP 2-induced ectopic bone formation (EBF mouse model and a rib fracture healing (RFH rat model. Additionally, we tried to verify the difference in mechanism of effect on bone formation by accelerations between these two models. Three groups (low- and high-magnitude vibration and control-VA groups were evaluated in the vibration acceleration study, and two groups (centrifuge acceleration and control-CA groups were used in the constant acceleration study. In each model, the intervention was applied for ten minutes per day from three days after surgery for eleven days (EBF model or nine days (RFH model. All animals were sacrificed the day after the intervention ended. In the EBF model, ectopic bone was evaluated by macroscopic and histological observations, wet weight, radiography and microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT. In the RFH model, whole fracture-repaired ribs were excised with removal of soft tissue, and evaluated radiologically and histologically. Ectopic bones in the low-magnitude group (EBF model had significantly greater wet weight and were significantly larger (macroscopically and radiographically than those in the other two groups, whereas the size and wet weight of ectopic bones in the centrifuge acceleration group showed no significant difference compared those in control-CA group. All ectopic bones showed calcified trabeculae and maturated bone marrow. Micro-CT showed that bone volume (BV in the low-magnitude group of EBF model was significantly higher than those in the other two groups (3.1±1.2mm3 v.s. 1.8±1.2mm3 in high-magnitude group and 1.3±0.9mm3 in control-VA group, but

Impact of parental smoking on childhood asthma

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Francisco-Javier Gonzalez-Barcala

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Objetive: To evaluate the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS of the childhood population in this community and its relationship with asthma symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC questionnaire on children and adolescents in this community. The symptoms “wheezing ever”, “current asthma”, “severe asthma”, and “exercise-induced asthma” were defined by this questionnaire. Parental smoking was classified into four mutually exclusive categories: 1 no parent smokes; 2 only the mother smokes; 3 only the father smokes; and 4 both parents smoke. The odds ratio of the prevalence of asthma symptoms according to ETS exposure was calculated using logistic regression. Results: A total of 10,314 children and 10,453 adolescents were included. Over 51% of the children and adolescents were exposed to ETS at home. ETS is associated with a higher prevalence of asthma symptoms, particularly if the mother or both parents smoke. Conclusion: The prevalence of ETS is still high in this community, although there has been a decreasing tendency in the last 15 years. ETS is associated with higher prevalence of asthma. Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a exposição da população infantil à FCA em nossa comunidade e sua relação com os sintomas de asma. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal usando o questionário de estudo ISAAC em crianças e adolescentes da nossa comunidade. Pelo questionário, fez-se a definição por “já ocorreu sibilância”, “asma atual”, “asma grave” e “asma induzida pelo exercício”. O tabagismo parental foi classificado em quatro categorias mutuamente excludentes: 1 nenhum dos pais fuma; 2 somente a mãe fuma; 3 somente o pai fuma; e 4 ambos os pais fumam. Calculou-se a odds ratio da prevalência de sintomas de asma, de acordo com a exposição à FCA, usando regressão logística. Resultados: Foram incluídas, no

Contaminación atmosférica, asma bronquial e infecciones respiratorias agudas en menores de edad, de La Habana Air pollution, bronchial asthma, and acute respirator and infections in children less years of age, Habana City

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Romero-Placeres

2004-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar la relación que guardan las consultas de urgencias por enfermedades respiratorias agudas, crisis agudas de asma bronquial e infecciones respiratorias agudas, con los cambios diarios en los niveles de contaminación atmosférica, en menores de 14 años de edad que fueron atendidos en dos centros hospitalarios de la ciudad de La Habana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio ecológico de series de tiempo durante el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de octubre de 1996 y el 11 marzo de 1998. Se estudió la asociación entre la presencia de crisis agudas de asma bronquial, infecciones respiratorias agudas y enfermedades respiratorias agudas por un lado, y la exposición a niveles de partículas menores de 10 µg/m³ (PM10, humo y dióxido de azufre (SO2, por otro; asimismo, se construyeron modelos con la técnica de regresión binomial negativa, para estudiar periodos de latencia de 1 a 5 días y el efecto acumulado de siete días, previos a las consultas de urgencia. RESULTADOS: Los niveles de contaminación atmosférica, por lo general, resultaron bajos, ya que el promedio de 24 horas para PM10, humo y SO2 fue de 59.2 µg/m³ (DE=29.2, 27.7 µg/m³ (DE=21.2 y 21.1 µg/m³ (DE=20.1, respectivamente. Un incremento de 20 µg/m³ en el promedio diario de humo se relacionó con un incremento de 2.2% (IC 95% 0.9-3.6 en el número de consultas de urgencias por crisis agudas de asma bronquial. Un incremento de 20 µg/m³ en el promedio diario de humo y de SO2 se relacionó con un incremento en las infecciones respiratorias agudas de 2.4% (95% CI 1.2-3.6 y 5% (95% CI 1.3-5.3, respectivamente, con un retraso de cinco días. Además, se presentó un efecto acumulado en todos los contaminantes estudiados. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados sugieren que los niveles de contaminantes atmosféricos en la ciudad de La Habana afectan la salud respiratoria de los niños, por lo que se requiere de la aplicación de medidas de control, en particular

Fatores de risco para consultas em pronto-socorro por crianças asmáticas no Sul do Brasil Asthmatic children's risk factors for emergency room visits, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moema Chatkin

2000-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Traçar um perfil das crianças asmáticas do município de Pelotas, RS, conhecer o manejo da doença e os fatores de risco associados a consultas em pronto-socorro, motivadas por asma. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal aninhado a um estudo de coorte, realizado na área urbana de Pelotas, cidade de médio porte do Sul do Brasil. Participaram 981 crianças de 4-5 anos, pertencentes à coorte de 1993. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de asma encontrada na amostra estudada foi de 25,4%. A morbidade por asma foi elevada: 31% das crianças asmáticas haviam procurado o pronto-socorro no último ano, 57% tinham consultado médico e 26%, de 1 a 4 anos, foram internadas por asma. Na análise geral, escolaridade e renda familiar baixas associaram-se com consultas em pronto-socorro (RO=4,1 para 0 a 4 anos de escolaridade e RO=6,5 para menos de 1 salário-mínimo. Dormir em quartos com 3 ou mais pessoas também mostrou-se associado (RO=2,2, bem como severidade das crises (RO=2,7, uso de medicamentos para asma no último ano (RO=1,9 e internações por asma (RO=3,0. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de asma entre crianças pré-escolares em Pelotas é alta, levando a grande morbidade. Encontraram-se como fatores preditores de consultas em pronto-socorro por asma, após análise multivariada, a baixa escolaridade das mães, severidade das crises e internação por asma.OBJECTIVES: To study a sample of asthmatic children to get to know how the disease is managed by caretakers and to identify predictive factors associated with attendance in emergency room for asthma. METHODS: A cross-sectional study nested in a cohort was undertaken in the urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. 981 children aged 4-5 years, who belong to the cohort of 1993, participated in this study. RESULTS: The asthma prevalence in the children sample was 25.4%. Morbidity for asthma was quite high: 31% of the children were seen in emergency rooms in the last year, 57% attended medical clinics and

Spontaneous formation of dynamical groups in an adaptive networked system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Menghui; Guan Shuguang; Lai, C-H

2010-01-01

In this work, we investigate a model of an adaptive networked dynamical system, where the coupling strengths among phase oscillators coevolve with the phase states. It is shown that in this model the oscillators can spontaneously differentiate into two dynamical groups after a long time evolution. Within each group, the oscillators have similar phases, while oscillators in different groups have approximately opposite phases. The network gradually converts from the initial random structure with a uniform distribution of connection strengths into a modular structure that is characterized by strong intra-connections and weak inter-connections. Furthermore, the connection strengths follow a power-law distribution, which is a natural consequence of the coevolution of the network and the dynamics. Interestingly, it is found that if the inter-connections are weaker than a certain threshold, the two dynamical groups will almost decouple and evolve independently. These results are helpful in further understanding the empirical observations in many social and biological networks.

Group Projects in Social Work Education: The Influence of Group Characteristics and Moderators on Undergraduate Student Outcomes

Science.gov (United States)

Postlethwait, Ariana E.

2016-01-01

This study examined the impact of group size, group formation, group conflict, and division of labor on student outcomes in a group project for a sample of 112 BSW research seminar students at a large university in the Midwest. Students completed surveys on their experiences with the group project at the end of the semester. Multiple regression…

How does the color influence figure and shape formation, grouping, numerousness and reading? The role of chromatic wholeness and fragmentation.

Science.gov (United States)

Pinna, Baingio; Uccula, Arcangelo; Tanca, Maria

2010-09-01

In this work it is suggested that color induces phenomenal wholeness, part-whole organization and fragmentation. The phenomenal wholeness subsumes the set of its main attributes: homogeneity, continuity, univocality, belongingness, and oneness. If color induces wholeness, it can also induce fragmentation. Therefore, in order to understand the role played by color within the process of part-whole organization, color is used both as a wholeness and as a fragmentation tool, thus operating synergistically or antagonistically with other wholeness processes. Therefore, color is expected to influence figure-ground segregation, grouping, shape formation and other visual processes that are related to the phenomenal wholeness. The purpose of this study is to rate the influence of color in inducing whole and part-whole organization and, consequently, in determining the perception of figure-ground segregation, grouping, shape formation, numerousness evaluation and time reading. We manipulated experimental conditions by using equiluminant colors to favor or break (parcel-out) the wholeness of objects like geometrical composite figures and words. The results demonstrated that color is aimed, among other psychological and biological purposes, at: (1) relating each chromatic component of an object, thus favoring the emergence of the whole object; (2) eliciting a part-whole organization, whose components are interdependent; (3) eliciting fragments and then breaking up the whole and favoring the emergence of single components. Wholeness, part-whole organization and fragmentation can be considered as three further purposes of color. © 2010 The Authors, Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics © 2010 The College of Optometrists.

Exciplex formation and electron transfer in polychromophoric systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, N.C.C.; Minsek, D.W.; Johnson, D.G.; Wasielewski, M.R.

1989-01-01

This paper discusses the rates of excited anthracene decay and intramolecular exciplex formation from biochromophoric molecules containing an anthryl group and an amine donor which vary with the length of the chain link, the nature of the amine donor and the viscosity of the medium. According to the authors, the results indicate that the intramolecular exciplex formation may proceed via more than one pathway. Experimental results suggest that electron transfer from the amino donor to the excited anthryl group may play a role in the exciplex formation in viscous alkanes

Seguimiento del paciente asmático: qué debe saber el farmacéutico comunitario

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Plaza Zamora J

2013-03-01

Full Text Available El asma tiene una prevalencia de entre un 1 y un 18% dependiendo del país. En el proceso de atención al paciente, y a través de los síntomas que presenta (disnea, tos, sibilancias, opresión torácica, el farmacéutico comunitario puede hacer educación sanitaria para evitar los agentes causales del asma, sobre cómo usar el dispositivo de inhalación prescrito por el médico, explicar al paciente su medicación, cómo es su tratamiento para conocer mejor su enfermedad, qué signos y síntomas denotan una falta de control de la misma, qué métodos se pueden usar para monitorizar la evolución del asma, detectar una posible falta de efectividad del tratamiento por tener sintomatología a pesar de estar usando adecuadamente el dispositivo de inhalación, sospechar que exista algún medicamento causante del asma, repasar el resto de medicación que usa por si existieran interacciones que afectaran tanto a la efectividad como a la seguridad del tratamiento. Existe un importante infradiagnóstico del asma, un 57,5% según el ECRHS (siglas del inglés European Community Respiratory Health Survey. En la farmacia comunitaria se puede hacer cribado de la enfermedad con la ayuda de cuestionarios validados en niños y no validados en adultos. Mediante la presente revisión se pretende ofrecer al farmacéutico comunitario una herramienta práctica para su labor diaria de atención al paciente asmático.

Evaluating design-based formative assessment practices in outdoor science teaching

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hartmeyer, Rikke; Stevenson, Matthew Peter; Bentsen, Peter

2016-01-01

Background and purpose: Research in formative assessment often pays close attention to the strategies which can be used by teachers. However, less emphasis in the literature seems to have been paid to study the application of formative assessment designs in practice. In this paper, we argue...... that a formative assessment design that we call Eva-Mapping, which is developed on the principles of design-based research, can be a productive starting point for disseminating and further developing formative assessment practices in outdoor science teaching. Sample, design and methods: We conducted an evaluation...... of the design, based on video-elicited focus group interviews with two groups of experienced science teachers. Both groups consisted of teachers who taught science outside the classroom on a regular basis. These groups watched identical video sequences which were recorded during lessons in which teachers...

The Relations Between Immunity, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Markers, in Childhood Obesity.

Science.gov (United States)

Laura Anca, Popescu; Bogdana, Virgolici; Olivia, Timnea; Horia, Virgolici; Dumitru, Oraseanu; Leon, Zagrean

2014-10-01

Oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance are the principal culprits in childhood obesity. Immune modifications are also important in the development of the obesity complications.The aim of this study is to find the relations for some immunity parameters with markers for oxidative stress and inflammation. Sixty obese children (10-16 years old) and thirty age and sex matched lean children were involved. The activities for erythrocyte superoxid dismutase (SOD), for erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and serum thioredoxin level were measured by ELISA, as oxidative stress markers. Circulating immune complexes (CIC), complement fractions C3, C4 and the self-antibodies, antismooth muscle antibodies (ASMA), antiliver-kidney microsome antibodies (LKM1) were measured by ELISA methods. Ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured as inflammatory markers by immunoturbidimetric methods. ceruloplasmin (pLKM1 and ASMA and GPx activity were not modified between groups. Positive correlations (for pLKM1 (r=0.37), GPx activity and ASMA (r=0.27), haptoglobin and C3 (r=0.33), ceruloplasmin and CIC (r=0.41), CRP and C3 (p<0.27) and negative correlations were calculated for C4 both with GPx activity (r= -0.28) and with thioredoxin level (r= -0.27). In the obese children versus the lean ones, higher levels for C3 (p<0.001), C4(p<0.001), CIC (p<0.05), In conclusion, this study demonstrates that immune modifications, inflammation and oxidative stress are related and they act in cluster in childhood obesity. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Inmunoterapia con alérgenos: mecanismos de acción, impacto terapéutico y socioeconómico. Consenso de la Asociación Colombiana de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología

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Jorge Sánchez

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Las alergias constituyen un conjunto de enfermedades de gran prevalencia. Cuando los procesos alérgicos no se controlan, pueden poner en peligro la salud e, incluso, la vida de los pacientes y, además, su efecto económico y social es considerable. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar un consenso práctico de la información científica disponible sobre el empleo de la inmunoterapia en las enfermedades alérgicas con la colaboración de varios institutos y universidades de Colombia, por solicitud de la Asociación Colombiana de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología. La revisión incluyó aspectos prácticos presentados desde el punto de vista de médicos generales, alergólogos, inmunólogos, internistas y pediatras con experiencia en el campo de las alergias. Con base en la evidencia científica actual a nivel nacional e internacional, se describió de forma detallada en qué consiste la inmunoterapia, sus indicaciones, contraindicaciones y sus beneficios para la salud, así como en el ámbito socioeconómico. Se concluyó que la inmunoterapia es efectiva y segura, y que, además, puede reducir sustancialmente el costo del tratamiento global de los pacientes alérgicos.

Unusual C-C bond cleavage in the formation of amine-bis(phenoxy) group 4 benzyl complexes: Mechanism of formation and application to stereospecific polymerization

KAUST Repository

Gowda, Ravikumar R.

2014-08-11

Group 4 tetrabenzyl compounds MBn4 (M = Zr, Ti), upon protonolysis with an equimolar amount of the tetradentate amine-tris(phenol) ligand N[(2,4-tBu2C6H2(CH 2)OH]3 in toluene from -30 to 25 °C, unexpectedly lead to amine-bis(phenoxy) dibenzyl complexes, BnCH2N[(2,4- tBu2C6H2(CH2)O] 2MBn2 (M = Zr (1), Ti (2)) in 80% (1) and 75% (2) yields. This reaction involves an apparent cleavage of the >NCH2-ArOH bond (loss of the phenol in the ligand) and formation of the >NCH 2-CH2Bn bond (gain of the benzyl group in the ligand). Structural characterization of 1 by X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that the complex formed is a bis(benzyl) complex of Zr coordinated by a newly derived tridentate amine-bis(phenoxy) ligand arranged in a mer configuration in the solid state. The abstractive activation of 1 and 2 with B(C6F 5)3·THF in CD2Cl2 at room temperature generates the corresponding benzyl cations {BnCH2N[(2,4- tBu2C6H2(CH2)O] 2MBn(THF)}+[BnB(C6F5) 3]- (M = Zr (3), Ti, (4)). These cationic complexes, along with their analogues derived from (imino)phenoxy tri- and dibenzyl complexes, [(2,6-iPr2C6H3)N=C(3,5- tBu2C6H2)O]ZrBn3 (5) and [2,4-Br2C6H2(O)(6-CH2(NC 5H9))CH2N=CH(2-adamantyl-4-MeC 6H2O)]ZrBn2 (6), have been found to effectively polymerize the biomass-derived renewable β-methyl-α-methylene- γ-butyrolactone (βMMBL) at room temperature into the highly stereoregular polymer PβMMBL with an isotacticity up to 99% mm. A combined experimental and DFT study has yielded a mechanistic pathway for the observed unusual C-C bond cleavage in the present protonolysis reaction between ZrBn4 and N[(2,4-tBu2C 6H2(CH2)OH]3 for the formation of complex 1, which involves the benzyl radical and the Zr(III) species, resulting from thermal and photochemical decomposition of ZrBn4, followed by a series of reaction sequences consisting of protonolysis, tautomerization, H-transfer, oxidation, elimination, and radical coupling. © 2014 American Chemical Society.

Correlations and Areal Distribution of the Table Mountain Formation, Stanislaus Group; Central Sierra Nevada, California

Science.gov (United States)

Torrez, G.; Carlson, C. W.; Putirka, K. D.; Pluhar, C. J.; Sharma, R. K.

2011-12-01

Late Cenozoic evolution of the western Cordillera is a matter of ongoing debate in geologic studies. Volcanic deposits within, and adjacent to the Sierra Nevada have played a significant role in many of these debates. With local faulting coincident with eruption of members of the Stanislaus Group at ca. 38°N, the composition and correlation of these volcanics can greatly aid our understanding of Sierra Nevada tectonics. At the crest of the central Sierra Nevada, 23 trachyandesite lava flows of the Table Mountain Formation, dated at ~10 Ma, cap Sonora Peak. These 23 flows compose the thickest and most complete known stratigraphic section of the Table Mountain Formation in the region. Located ~12 km east of Sonora Peak are 16 flows of trachyandesite at Grouse Meadow. We have collected a detailed set of geochemical and paleomagnetic data for flows of these two sections at Sonora Peak and Grouse Meadows in an attempt to correlate volcanic, paleomagnetic and structural events related to uplift and extension in the Sierra Nevada and the Walker Lane. Correlation of individual flows is possible based on: stratigraphic order, temporal gaps in deposition as determined by paleomagnetic remanence direction and nonconformities, and flow geochemistry. These correlations allow us to infer source localities, flow directions, and temporal changes in flow routes. The large number of flows present at Grouse Meadow provides an additional data set from which to correlate various localities in the region to those units not represented at Sonora Peak. Several flows which occur in the upper portions of the Sonora Peak and Grouse Meadow stratigraphic sections do not correlate between these localities. The causes of stratigraphic discontinuity potentially represent: tectonic isolation across the Sierran Crest, topographic isolation by the emplacement of younger flows, or the combination of the two. Additional to the correlation of individual flows at these localities, this study shows a

Exploring the Communication Preferences of MOOC Learners and the Value of Preference-Based Groups: Is Grouping Enough?

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Qing; Peck, Kyle L.; Hristova, Adelina; Jablokow, Kathryn W.; Hoffman, Vicki; Park, Eunsung; Bayeck, Rebecca Yvonne

2016-01-01

Approximately 10% of learners complete Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs); the absence of peer and professor support contributes to retention issues. MOOC leaders often form groups to supplement in-course forums and Q&A sessions, and students participating in groups find them valuable. Instructors want to assist in the formation of groups,…

Inalação contínua com fenoterol na criança com asma aguda grave: efeitos clínicos imediatos Continuous fenoterol inhalation by children with severe acute asthma: immediate clinical effects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lourdes Z. Zanoni

2002-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: avaliar as alterações da freqüência cardíaca, da pressão arterial, do psiquismo e da saturação arterial de oxigênio, após a inalação contínua com fenoterol, na criança com asma aguda grave. Casuística e Métodos: foram estudados 30 pacientes com asma aguda grave, atendidos no PAM-Pediatria do Hospital Universitário - UFMS. Os pacientes receberam inalação contínua durante uma hora, com 0,5 mg/kg (2 gotas/kg de fenoterol. O psiquismo, a saturação arterial de oxigênio, a freqüência cardíaca e a pressão arterial foram avaliados antes, imediatamente após, e uma hora após a inalação com fenoterol. Resultados: 17 crianças eram do sexo masculino (56,6%, e 13 do sexo feminino (43,4%. Foi observado sonolência em 16 (53,3%, agitação psicomotora em 1 (3,3%, náusea e vômito em 12 pacientes (40%. A média da saturação arterial de oxigênio aumentou de 90,9 2,8% para 92,7 2,5% (pObjective: to evaluate the alterations of heart rate, blood pressure, psychological aspects and oxygen saturation after continuous fenoterol inhalation (0.5 mg/Kg by children with severe acute asthma. Methods: we studied 30 patients with severe acute asthma who were treated at the pediatric ward of Hospital Universitário - UFMS. The patients inhaled 0.5 mg/Kg of fenoterol (two drops/Kg during one hour. Psychological aspects, oxygen arterial saturation, heart rate and blood pressure were evaluated at three different moments: before, after and one hour after the fenoterol inhalation. Results: there were 17 males (56.6% and 13 females (43.4%. Sleepiness was observed in 16 (53.3%, psychomotor agitation in one (33% and nausea and vomiting in 12 patients (40%. The average of oxygen arterial saturation increased from 90.9 ± 2.8% to 92.7 ± 2.5% (P<0.05 after inhalation. There was statistically significant increase in the average heart rate before and after inhalation (139.5 ± 13.5 beats/min, 166.5 ± 11.1 beats/min, respectively, P<0.05. A

Apparatus for consolidation of earth formations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brandt, H

1968-02-08

Earth formations are consolidated by injecting into the formation a fluid medium through vertically spaced perforations; a device lowered into the borehole permits creating chambers isolated from each other and communicating with only one, or a group of perforations. These chambers are connected through valved conduits to a reservoir of the consolidating medium. Each chamber or each group of chambers has its own supply conduit, and flow-measuring means are provided in each conduit. The valves may be magnetic valves, controlled electrically from the surface; the reservoirs for the consolidating medium may be equipped with hydraulically actuated pistons. (8 claims)

Formation control of unicycle robots using virtual structure approach

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sadowska, A.D.; Huijberts, H.J.C.; Kostic, D.; Wouw, van de N.; Nijmeijer, H.

2011-01-01

This paper addresses the problem of formation control of groups of unicycle robots with possibly time-varying formation shapes. To solve the problem, we propose two simple distributed formation control algorithms based on the virtual structure approach. We prove exponential convergence of error

Heart Disease Management by Women: Does Intervention Format Matter?

Science.gov (United States)

Clark, Noreen M.; Janz, Nancy K.; Dodge, Julia A.; Lin, Xihong; Trabert, Britton L.; Kaciroti, Niko; Mosca, Lori; Wheeler, John R.; Keteyian, Steven

2014-01-01

A randomized controlled trial of two formats of a program (Women Take PRIDE) to enhance management of heart disease by patients was conducted. Older women (N = 575) were randomly assigned to a group or self-directed format or to a control group. Data regarding symptoms, functional health status, and weight were collected at baseline and at 4, 12,…

Constraining the Nature of Dark Matter with the Star-formation History of the Faintest Local Group Dwarf Galaxy Satellites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chau, Alice; Mayer, Lucio; Governato, Fabio

2017-01-01

Λ warm dark matter (ΛWDM), realized by collisionless particles of 1–3 keV, has been proposed as an alternative scenario to Λ-Cold-Dark Matter (ΛCDM) for the dwarf galaxy scale discrepancies. We present an approach to test the viability of such WDM models using star-formation histories (SFHs) of the dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) in the Local Group. We compare their high-time-resolution SFHs with the collapse redshift of their dark halos in CDM and WDM. Collapse redshift is inferred after determining the subhalo infall mass. This is based on the dwarf current mass inferred from stellar kinematics, combined with cosmological simulation results on subhalo evolution. WDM subhalos close to the filtering mass scale, forming significantly later than CDM, are the most difficult to reconcile with early truncation of star formation ( z ≥ 3). The ultra-faint dwarfs (UFDs) provide the most stringent constraints. Using six UFDs and eight classical dSphs, we show that a 1 keV particle is strongly disfavored, consistently with other reported methods. Excluding other models is only hinted for a few UFDs. Other UFDs for which the lack of robust constraints on halo mass prevents us from carrying out our analysis rigorously, show a very early onset of star formation that will strengthen the constraints delivered by our method in the future. We discuss the various caveats, notably the low number of dwarfs with accurately determined SFHs and the uncertainties when determining the subhalo infall mass, most notably the baryonic physics. Our preliminary analysis may serve as a pathfinder for future investigations that will combine accurate SFHs for local dwarfs with direct analysis of WDM simulations with baryons.

Constraining the Nature of Dark Matter with the Star-formation History of the Faintest Local Group Dwarf Galaxy Satellites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chau, Alice; Mayer, Lucio [Center for Theoretical Astrophysics and Cosmology, Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich (Switzerland); Governato, Fabio [Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195-1580 (United States)

2017-08-10

Λ warm dark matter (ΛWDM), realized by collisionless particles of 1–3 keV, has been proposed as an alternative scenario to Λ-Cold-Dark Matter (ΛCDM) for the dwarf galaxy scale discrepancies. We present an approach to test the viability of such WDM models using star-formation histories (SFHs) of the dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) in the Local Group. We compare their high-time-resolution SFHs with the collapse redshift of their dark halos in CDM and WDM. Collapse redshift is inferred after determining the subhalo infall mass. This is based on the dwarf current mass inferred from stellar kinematics, combined with cosmological simulation results on subhalo evolution. WDM subhalos close to the filtering mass scale, forming significantly later than CDM, are the most difficult to reconcile with early truncation of star formation ( z ≥ 3). The ultra-faint dwarfs (UFDs) provide the most stringent constraints. Using six UFDs and eight classical dSphs, we show that a 1 keV particle is strongly disfavored, consistently with other reported methods. Excluding other models is only hinted for a few UFDs. Other UFDs for which the lack of robust constraints on halo mass prevents us from carrying out our analysis rigorously, show a very early onset of star formation that will strengthen the constraints delivered by our method in the future. We discuss the various caveats, notably the low number of dwarfs with accurately determined SFHs and the uncertainties when determining the subhalo infall mass, most notably the baryonic physics. Our preliminary analysis may serve as a pathfinder for future investigations that will combine accurate SFHs for local dwarfs with direct analysis of WDM simulations with baryons.

Effect of chlorhexidine on oral airway biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ünase Büyükkoçak

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Objective: Biofilm formation of microorganisms on the surface of airways may lead to supraglottic colonization that may cause lower respiratuar tract infections. Studies searching the efficiency of local disinfectants on biofilm formation are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chlorhexidine coated airways on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Methods: Culture and electron microscopy methods were used for biofilm assessment. Airways were divided into two groups to investigate the effects of chlorhexidine on number of bacteria attached to the airway and biofilm formation. Group 1(control: naive material, S. epidermidis, Group 2: chlorhexidine coated material, S. epidermidis. No process was applied in Group 1. Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2% was sprayed on the surface of naive material for four seconds and then left to dry in air, in Group to. Number of bacteria attached to the airway were counted by microbiological methods and biofilm formation was shown by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM. Mann-Whitney u test was performed for statistical analyses. Results: In Group 2, bacteria numbers were 1x102-8x102 cfu/ml, whereas they were 3x103-1x104 cfu/ml in Group 1. Chlorhexidine decreased number of microorganisms attached to the airways with statistical significance (p=0.04. The results of the electron microscopic evaluation were in accordance with the acteriological findings. Conclusion: This study has shown that chlorhexidine coating can successfully reduce the number of adhered bacteria and biofilm formation on airways. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2015;5(4: 162-166

Wastewater resource recovery via the Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal and Recovery (EBP2R) process coupled with green microalgae cultivation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Valverde Perez, Borja

compatible to interface with ASM-2d. Therefore, the third part of the PhD project focusses on the development of a process model for micro-algal growth and substrate storage kinetics (referred to as ASM-A). To facilitate the integration in already well-stablished simulation platforms for wastewater treatment......, e.g., the Benchmark Simulation Models 1 and 2, ASM-A was implemented as an extension to the ASM-2d. A set of experiments at different laboratory-scales (microbatch, 1-litre and 24-litre SBR) was designed to generate data for model identification. Furthermore, an independent data set was used...... for model evaluation. The ASM-A can effectively predict the algal biomass growth, as well as the ammonium and phosphorus concentrations in the bulk liquid and the microbial stored phosphorus. Conversely, our results suggest that the maximum uptake rate parameter for nitrate can be significantly affected...

Protector mechanisms of the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and asthma: experimental study in rats Mecanismos protetores: doença do refluxo gastroesofágico e asma. Estudo experimental em ratos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paula Yuri Sugishita Kanikadan

2008-09-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: It is well known the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and asthma. The hyperreactivity of the airways is a characteristic of an asthmatic. Many studies associate the increase of the airways reactivity with gastroesophageal reflux disease. AIM: In this study we have evaluated the effect of the intraluminal exposition to gastric juice of trachea on the reactivity to methacholine from rats submitted to a pulmonary allergic inflammation. METHODS: Group of rats were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. After 24 hours the animals were sacrificed, and their tracheae were removed to be cultured with gastric juice. The gastric juice was obtained from a donor rat. Subsequently the segments were placed into plastic plates with RPMI-1640 for incubation, under suitable atmosphere and time. After the period of incubation the segments were put into chambers for the analysis of the contractile response to methacholine. RESULTS: We observed reduction in the contractile response of trachea cultured with gastric juice from allergic rats. This result was confirmed by the pharmacological treatments with compound 48/80 and dissodium cromoglicate (mast cells blockade, L-NAME (nitric oxide inhibitor, NO, capsaicin (neuropeptides depletion and indomethacin (ciclooxigenase inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight to the existence of a complex interaction between pulmonary allergy and gastric juice in the airways. The involvement of the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic system, NO, prostanoids and mast cells are directly related to this interaction. We suggest that the reduced contractile response observed in vitro may represent a protector mechanism of the airways. Despite its presence in the human body it can not be observed due to the predominant effects of excitatory the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic system.RACIONAL: É bem estabelecida a relação entre a doença do refluxo gastroesofágico e a asma. A hiperreatividade das vias a

Principais causas de internação por condições sensíveis à atenção primária no Brasil: uma análise por faixa etária e região The main causes of hospitalization for primary health care sensitive conditions in Brazil: an analysis by age groups and region

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bárbara Laisa Alves Moura

2010-11-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: analisar as tendências das principais causas de internações hospitalares entre aquelas sensíveis à atenção primária (ICSAP no Brasil, por faixa etária e região, no período de 1999 a 2006. MÉTODOS: trata-se de um estudo ecológico misto das tendências das três principais causas de ICSAP em menores de vinte anos. Os dados secundários foram provenientes do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar (SIH-SUS e do censo demográfico do ano de 2001 e projeções populacionais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE. RESULTADOS: as três principais causas de ICSAP, em menores de 20 anos, foram as gastroenterites, asma e as pneumonias bacterianas. Houve redução das taxas de internação por gastroenterites (-12,0% e asma (-31,8% e, incremento de 142,5% nas taxas de internações por pneumonias bacterianas, tendências que ocorreram de forma distinta por faixa etária e região. CONCLUSÕES: a descrição das tendências temporais revelou mudanças positivas na evolução das taxas de internações por asma e gastroenterites infecciosas e negativas nas internações por pneumonia. Uma vez que estes problemas de saúde constituem objeto de intervenção prioritária na atenção primária, tais achados evidenciam a necessidade de se aprofundar a análise e reflexão sobre os determinantes do perfil das internações hospitalares no país.OBJECTIVES: to analyze the main reasons for admission to hospital of patients who could be treated by the Brazilian primary care system (ICSAP by age group and region between 1999 and 2006. METHODS: a mixed ecological study was carried out of the main three reasons for ICSAP in those aged under 20 years. Secondary data were gathered from the Hospital Information System (SIH-SUS and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics' 2001 population census (IBGE. RESULTS: the three main reasons for ICSAP, in those aged under twenty years, were gastroenteritis, asthma and bacterial

Drying-induced deformation of Horonobe sedimentary rock in the Koetoi and Wakkanai formations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Illankoon, Thilini Nuwanradha; Yee, Suu Mon; Osada, Masahiko; Maekawa, Keisuke; Tada, Hiroyuki; Kumasaka, Hiroo

2013-01-01

In order to increase the long-term safety of geological disposal sites, knowledge of the drying-induced deformation characteristics of the rock mass in underground ventilated galleries is necessary to understand its cracking susceptibility and the chance of further propagation of the excavation damaged zone. Hence, strain was measured in ten cylindrical mudstone specimens (4 from Koetoi formation and 6 from Wakkanai formation respectively) cored at Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory (URL), an off-site (generic) URL, to examine deformation behavior during desiccation. The specimens were prepared in one-dimensional drying conditions in a 25degC or 40degC climatic chamber with 50% relative humidity. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) was also conducted to measure the pore size distributions of each formation. The recorded data showed that the Koetoi formation specimens generated smaller maximum shrinkage values (10,000 μ) compared to those from the Wakkanai formation (13,000 μ and 24,000 μ for Wakkanai groups I and II respectively). Wakkanai formation specimens were divided into two groups (Wakkanai groups I and II) according to their strain behavior. The porosity of the Koetoi formation was 54% whereas that of the Wakkanai formation was 27 - 38%. MIP results clearly indicate that the Wakkanai formation has a greater mesopore volume (63% and 73% of porosity for Wakkanai groups I and II respectively) than the Koetoi formation (8% of porosity) which contributes to its greater shrinkage. In addition, Wakkanai groups I and II have different pore size distribution patterns. Therefore, Wakkanai groups I and II exhibit distinct strain behaviors during drying. Similarities in grain density, a decrease in porosity and a gradual increase in mesopore volume with depth confirm the progressive hardening of Horonobe sedimentary rock. The pore volume in the 0.013 - 0.025 μm pore radius range exerts a strong influence on shrinkage generation in the Wakkanai formation

Cebollati group, Nico Perez terrane: Definition and age

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaucher, C; Chemale, F.; Bossi, J.; Castiglioni, E.; Castiglioni, E.

2010-01-01

The Cebollati Group (Nico Perez Terrane) is formally erected in this work to include a meta sedimentary succession informally known as L as Teta s Complex . It is shown that the stratigraphy of the unit can be reconstructed at a number of sections between Minas and Zapicìn, using sedimentary structures and stromatolites as geo petal indicators. The basement of the group is represented by metamorphic rocks and granitoids of the La China Complex, for which a new U-Pb zircon age of 3.029 ± 54 Ma is presented. The Cebollatií Group comprises, from base to top, three formations: the Arroyo Ma lo Formation (sandstones and petites), Cerro de Valuable Formation (dolostones, partly stromatolitic, and p elites) and the Cerro del Diamant e Formation (p elites, BIF, quartz-pebble conglomerates and sandstones). The mean thickness of the Cebollatií Group is ca. 2 km, being greatest in the south and diminishing to the north. Available ages for the unit suggested a Neoarchean depositional age of 2.75 Ga. However, in this work 12 Nd model ages are presented for sedimentary rocks of the Cebollatí Group, which are mostly younger than 2.75 Ga, the youngest being 1.64 Ga. These ages call into question the Neoarchean age accepted for the unit, suggesting a Meso proterozoic depositional age. The evidence supporting both views is discussed in view of the new data. The minimum age of the Cebollatí Group is 1.3 Ga on the basis of carbon isotope ratios of dolostones and deformational ages consistently around 1.25 Ga

Evolution of dwarf galaxies in the Centaurus A group

OpenAIRE

Makarova, L.; Makarov, D.

2007-01-01

We consider star formation properties of dwarf galaxies in Cen A group observed within our HST/ACS projects number 9771 and 10235. We model color-magnitude diagrams of the galaxies under consideration and measure star formation rate and metallicity dependence on time. We study environmental dependence of the galaxy evolution and probable origin of the dwarf galaxies in the group.

The Local Group : Inventory and History

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tolstoy, E.; Kerschbaum, F; Lebzelter, T; Wing, RF

2011-01-01

An overview is presented of what we know about the Local Group of galaxies, primarily from optical imaging and spectroscopy. AGB stars are on the whole a very sparse and unrepresentative stellar population in most Local Group galaxies. However, more detailed studies of star formation histories and

The NeXus data format.

Science.gov (United States)

Könnecke, Mark; Akeroyd, Frederick A; Bernstein, Herbert J; Brewster, Aaron S; Campbell, Stuart I; Clausen, Björn; Cottrell, Stephen; Hoffmann, Jens Uwe; Jemian, Pete R; Männicke, David; Osborn, Raymond; Peterson, Peter F; Richter, Tobias; Suzuki, Jiro; Watts, Benjamin; Wintersberger, Eugen; Wuttke, Joachim

2015-02-01

NeXus is an effort by an international group of scientists to define a common data exchange and archival format for neutron, X-ray and muon experiments. NeXus is built on top of the scientific data format HDF5 and adds domain-specific rules for organizing data within HDF5 files, in addition to a dictionary of well defined domain-specific field names. The NeXus data format has two purposes. First, it defines a format that can serve as a container for all relevant data associated with a beamline. This is a very important use case. Second, it defines standards in the form of application definitions for the exchange of data between applications. NeXus provides structures for raw experimental data as well as for processed data.

DHEA-induced ovarian hyperfibrosis is mediated by TGF-β signaling pathway.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Daojuan; Wang, Wenqing; Liang, Qiao; He, Xuan; Xia, Yanjie; Shen, Shanmei; Wang, Hongwei; Gao, Qian; Wang, Yong

2018-01-10

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common metabolic and endocrine disorder with pathological mechanisms remain unclear. The following study investigates the ovarian hyperfibrosis forming via transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway in Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)- induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rat model. We furthermore explored whether TGF-βRI inhibitor (SB431542) decreases ovarian fibrosis by counterbalancing the expression of fibrotic biomarkers. Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Blank group (n = 6), Oil group (n = 6), and Oil + DHEA-induced model group (n = 6 + 12). The model groups were established by subcutaneous injection of DHEA for 35 consecutive days. The 12 successful model rats were additionally divided in vehicle group (n = 6) and SB431542-treated group (n = 6). Vehicle group and SB431542-treated group, served as administration group and were intraperitoneally injected with DMSO and SB431542 for additional 14 consecutive days. Ovarian morphology, fibrin and collagen localization and expression in ovaries were detected using H&E staining, immunohistochemistry and Sirius red staining. The ovarian protein and RNA were examined using Western blot and RT-PCR. In DHEA-induced ovary in rat, fibrin and collagen had significantly higher levels, while the main fibrosis markers (TGF-β, CTGF, fibronectin, a-SMA) were obviously upregulated. SB431542 significantly reduced the expression of pro-fibrotic molecules (TGF-β, Smad3, Smad2, a-SMA) and increased anti-fibrotic factor MMP2. TGF-βRI inhibitor (SB431542) inhibits the downstream signaling molecules of TGF-β and upregulates MMP2, which in turn prevent collagen deposition. Moreover, ovarian hyperfibrosis in DHEA-induced PCOS rat model could be improved by TGF-βRI inhibitor (SB431542) restraining the transcription of accelerating fibrosis genes and modulating EMT mediator.

Triplet formation in the ion recombination in irradiated liquids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartczak, W.M.; Tachiya, M.; Hummel, A.

1990-01-01

The formation of singlet and triplet excited stages in the ion recombination in groups of oppositely charged ions (or positive ions and electrons) in nonpolar liquids, as occurs in the tracks of high energy electrons, is considered. Theoretical studies on triplet formation in groups of ion pairs have thus far concentrated on the case where recombination of the negative ions with any of the positive ions in the group is equally probable (random recombination). In this paper the probability for geminate recombination (electron and parent positive ion) vs cross-recombination (an electron with a positive ion other than its parent ion) in multiple ion pair groups is calculated by computer simulation and the effect of the initial spatial configuration of the charged species is investigated. It is also shown explicitly that the probability for singlet formation as a result of cross recombination is equal to 1/4, when spin relaxation by magnetic interaction with the medium and by exchange interaction can be neglected. The effect of the preferential recombination on the singlet formation probability is illustrated and recent experimental results on singlet to triplet ratios are discussed. (author)

Lavalleja group (Uruguay), a neoproterozoic metavolcanic-metasedimentary sequence:geochemistry and geochronological features

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Preciozzi, F.; Sanchez Bettucci, L.; Basei, M.

2003-01-01

The Lavalleja Group is located in the southern portion of the Dom Feliciano Belt, being correlated with the Porongos and Brusque Groups in Brazil. This Group has a granitic-gneissic basement probably associated to the Valentines Block and Pavas Terrane, with ages ranging from 1.75 to 2.1 Ga (U-Pb determination). An older basement probably occurs. This Group is characterized by narrow bands of metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks and is subdivided into three formations (Sánchez-Bettucci, 1998). The first one includes lithologies with a very low to anquimetamorphism degree; the second one is formed by rocks with low metamorphism degree (lower greenschist facies) and the last one presents an upper greenschist facies in transition to upper and lower amphibolite facies. They correspond respectively to the Minas, Fuente del Puma and Zanja del Tigre Formations. The Minas Formation includes only metasedimentary rocks: limestones, dolomites, metapelites, quartzites and arkoses. The Fuente del Puma Formation is formed by three units (Sanchez-Bettucci, 1998): the sedimentary, volcanic and hornblenditic gabbros units. The Zanja del Tigre Formation shows lithologies of medium metamorphism degree, developed to the east of the two other Formations. Syn-collisional to postectonic granitic bodies are associated to the Lavalleja Group. These granitic bodies correspond to the Carapé Complex. The paleoproterozoic basement of Lavalleja Group and Carapé Complex is named Campanero Unit

NASA Standard for Airborne Data: ICARTT Format ESDS-RFC-019

Science.gov (United States)

Thornhill, A.; Brown, C.; Aknan, A.; Crawford, J. H.; Chen, G.; Williams, E. J.

2011-12-01

Airborne field studies generate a plethora of data products in the effort to study atmospheric composition and processes. Data file formats for airborne field campaigns are designed to present data in an understandable and organized way to support collaboration and to document relevant and important meta data. The ICARTT file format was created to facilitate data management during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) campaign in 2004 that involved government-agencies and university participants from five countries. Since this mission the ICARTT format has been used in subsequent field campaigns such as Polar Study Using Aircraft Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models of Climates, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport (POLARCAT) and the first phase of Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from COlumn and VERtically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ). The ICARTT file format has been endorsed as a standard format for airborne data by the Standard Process Group (SPG), one of the Earth Science Data Systems Working Groups (ESDSWG) in 2010. The detailed description of the ICARTT format can be found at http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/etc/ESDS-RFC-019-v1.00.pdf. The ICARTT data format is an ASCII, comma delimited format that was based on the NASA Ames and GTE file formats. The file header is detailed enough to fully describe the data for users outside of the instrument group and includes a description of the meta data. The ICARTT scanning tools, format structure, implementations, and examples will be presented.

ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS FOR VOCAL FOLD POLYP FORMATION

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DAŠA GLUVAJIĆ

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Background: Vocal fold polyp is one of the most common causes for hoarseness. Many different etiological factors contribute to vocal fold polyp formation. The aim of the study was to find out whether the etiological factors for polyp formation have changed in the last 30 years.Methods: Eighty-one patients with unilateral vocal fold polyp were included in the study. A control group was composed of 50 volunteers without voice problems who matched the patients by age and gender. The data about etiological factors and the findings of phoniatric examination were obtained from the patients' medical documentation and from the questionnaires for the control group. The incidence of etiological factors was compared between the two groups. The program SPSS, Version 18 was used for statistical analysis.Results: The most frequent etiological factors were occupational voice load, GER, allergy and smoking. In 79% of patients 2 – 6 contemporary acting risk factors were found. Occupational voice load (p=0,018 and GER (p=0,004 were significantly more frequent in the patients than in the controls. The other factors did not significantly influence the polyp formation.Conclusions: There are several factors involved simultaneously in the formation of vocal fold polyps both nowadays and 30 years ago. Some of the most common factors remain the same (voice load, smoking, others are new (GER, allergy, which is probably due to the different lifestyle and working conditions than 30 years ago. Occupational voice load and GER were significantly more frequently present in the patients with polyp than in the control group. Regarding the given results it is important to instruct workers with professional vocal load about etiological factors for vocal fold polyp formation.

Star-Formation Histories, Abundances, and Kinematics of Dwarf Galaxies in the Local Group

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tolstoy, Eline; Hill, Vanessa; Tosi, Monica; Blandford, R; Kormendy, J; VanDishoeck, E

2009-01-01

Within the Local Universe galaxies can be studied in great detail star by star, and here we review the results of quantitative studies in nearby dwarf galaxies. The color-magnitude diagram synthesis method is well established as the most accurate way to determine star-formation histories of galaxies

Omalizumab en el tratamiento de la rinosinusitis crónica con poliposis nasal

OpenAIRE

Martínez-Alonso, José Camilo

2015-01-01

[ES]Introducción y objetivo: Omalizumab es un tratamiento biológico indicado sólo en asma moderado-grave. El asma bronquial puede asociarse a poliposis nasal. Revisamos los estudios publicados sobre la eficacia de Omalizumab en el tratamiento de la poliposis nasosinusal. Método: Revisión bibliográfica narrativa. Discusión y Conclusiones: Omalizumab puede ser una alternativa terapéutica eficaz en pacientes con rinosinusitis crónica con poliposis agresiva. [EN] Introduction and objective: Om...

What is a writing group? Dilemmas of the leader.

Science.gov (United States)

Grundy, Dominick

2007-04-01

A writing group can serve to reinforce literary and therapeutic goals. The model outlined here assumes a leader with literary and clinical training, including expertise in group dynamics. The group format is adapted to support exploration of the writer's main problem, the absence of the reader at the moment of writing. The group modifies the writer's "mythical" reader through member interactions with writer and writing. Giving and receiving feedback are central to the group process. The leader's dilemma in a bifocal form like this is to know when and how far to interpret group members' psychological issues. The best rule is to interpret "toward" the group (i.e., to bring up material that can be safely and readily processed there), but to be cautious about interpretation of patterns of early character formation.