Comparación de la medición del grosor corneal central medido con un nuevo equipo de tomografía con cámara de Scheimpflug y anillos de Plácido (Sirius® y paquimetría ultrasónica en sujetos sanos

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Manuel Garza-León

2015-10-01

Conclusiones: En la evaluación de córneas normales, la medición del grosor corneal central con ambos equipos mostró una alta repetibilidad y adecuada concordancia. Aunque la medición del grosor corneal central fue sistemáticamente más baja con el Sirius® que con el paquímetro ultrasónico, esta diferencia carece de significación clínica.

The novel triterpenoid RTA 408 protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells against H2O2-induced cell injury via NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2 activation

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Xiaobin Liu

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Oxidative stress-induced retinal pigment epithelial (RPE cell damage is an important factor in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD. Previous studies have shown that RTA 408, a synthetic triterpenoid compound, potently activates Nrf2. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of RTA 408 in cultured RPE cells during oxidative stress and to determine the effects of RTA 408 on Nrf2 and its downstream target genes. Primary human RPE cells were pretreated with RTA 408 and then incubated in 200 μM H2O2 for 6 h. Cell viability was measured with the WST-8 assay. Apoptosis was quantitatively measured by annexin V/propidium iodide (PI double staining and Hoechst 33342 fluorescent staining. Reduced (GSH and oxidized glutathione (GSSG were measured using colorimetric assays. Nrf2 activation and its downstream effects on phase II enzymes were examined by Western blot. Treatment of RPE cells with nanomolar ranges (10 and 100 nM of RTA 408 markedly attenuated H2O2-induced viability loss and apoptosis. RTA 408 pretreatment significantly protected cells from oxidative stress-induced GSH loss, GSSG formation and decreased ROS production. RTA 408 activated Nrf2 and increased the expression of its downstream genes, such as HO-1, NQO1, SOD2, catalase, Grx1, and Trx1. Consequently, the enzyme activities of NQO1, Grx1, and Trx1 were fully protected by RTA 408 pretreatment under oxidative stress. Moreover, knockdown of Nrf2 by siRNA significantly reduced the cytoprotective effects of RTA 408. In conclusion, our data suggest that RTA 408 protect primary human RPE cells from oxidative stress-induced damage by activating Nrf2 and its downstream genes.

The virion-associated open reading frame 49 of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 promotes viral replication both in vitro and in vivo as a derepressor of RTA.

Science.gov (United States)

Noh, Cheol-Woo; Cho, Hye-Jeong; Kang, Hye-Ri; Jin, Hyun Yong; Lee, Shaoying; Deng, Hongyu; Wu, Ting-Ting; Arumugaswami, Vaithilingaraja; Sun, Ren; Song, Moon Jung

2012-01-01

Replication and transcription activator (RTA), an immediate-early gene, is a key molecular switch to evoke lytic replication of gammaherpesviruses. Open reading frame 49 (ORF49) is conserved among gammaherpesviruses and shown to cooperate with RTA in regulating virus lytic replication. Here we show a molecular mechanism and in vivo functions of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68 or γHV-68) ORF49. MHV-68 ORF49 was transcribed and translated as a late gene. The ORF49 protein was associated with a virion, interacting with the ORF64 large tegument protein and the ORF25 capsid protein. Moreover, ORF49 directly bound to RTA and its negative cellular regulator, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), and disrupted the interactions of RTA and PARP-1. Productive replication of an ORF49-deficient mutant virus (49S) was attenuated in vivo as well as in vitro. Likewise, latent infection was also impaired in the spleen of 49S-infected mice. Taken together, our results suggest that the virion-associated ORF49 protein may promote virus replication both in vitro and in vivo by providing an optimal environment in the early phase of virus infection as a derepressor of RTA.

Relativistic Klystron Two-Beam Accelerator studies at the RTA test facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Westenskow, G.A.; Houck, T.L.; Anderson, D.

1996-01-01

A prototype rf power source based on the Relativistic Klystron Two- Beam Accelerator (RK-TBA) concept is being constructed at LBNL to study physics, engineering, and costing issues. The prototype, called RTA, is described and compared to a full scale design appropriate for driving the Next Linear Collider. Specific details of the induction core test and pulsed power system are presented. Details of the 1-MeV, 1.2-kA induction gun currently under construction are described

Comparación de la medición del grosor corneal central medido con el paquímetro incluido en el Wavelight® Ex500 Excimer Laser y el tomógrafo de cámara de Scheimpflug Pentacam® en sujetos sanos

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Manuel Garza León

2017-01-01

Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados demuestran que el paquímetro incluido en el Wavelight® Ex500 Excimer Laser es una buena alternativa para la medición del grosor corneal central al Pentacam® en pacientes sanos.

Grosor corneal central y conteo de células endoteliales en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de catarata asistida con láser de femtosegundos comparada con cirugía facoemulsificación tradicional

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Georgina Givaudan Pedroza

2016-09-01

Conclusiones: Aunque se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en cuanto al tiempo efectivo de faco, siendo menor en el grupo de femtosegundos, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el CCE y grosor corneal central entre el grupo de facoemulsificación convencional y el asistido por láser de femtosegundos.

Correlación del grosor de la íntima media carotidea con el perfil de lípidos y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica

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Rosa Ramírez-Vela

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica estadio 5 en terapia de sustitución renal tienen riesgo incrementado de eventos cardiovasculares, los cuales están asociados a diferentes factores, dentro de los cuales el grosor de la íntima media de la arteria carótida común (GIMCC y de la carótida interna (GIMCI, es un predictor relevante. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el grosor de la íntima media de las arterias carótidas con el valor de los lípidos, el estado nutricional, el metabolismo óseo y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular en una población nacional en hemodiálisis crónica. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 50 pacientes adultos en hemodiálisis (HD crónica del Centro de Hemodiálisis de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; a quienes se les determinó lípidos, calcio (Ca, fósforo (P, paratohormona (PTH, proteínas totales, albúmina en sangre y se midió el grosor íntima media de las arterias carótidas común e interna. Se registró información demográfica, antropométrica, clínica, tiempo en HD y dosis de diálisis medida (Kt/V. Los datos se analizaron mediante correlación lineal simple y análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: Se encontró correlación significativa entre GIMCC y PTH (r=-0,426, p=0,013, entre GIMCI y PTH (r=-0,349, p=0,046, GIMCC y colesterol total (r=0,410, p=0,018 y entre el GIMCI y colesterol total (r=0,506 p=0,003. En el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple el mejor modelo fue el relacionado con tabaquismo, edad y HDL colesterol (Coeficiente beta 1,216 ± 0,347 ES; p=0,002. Conclusión: Los resultados muestran que el factor más relevante relacionado al GIMCI es el tabaquismo y en menor importancia el colesterol HDL y la edad.

NAČRT TRŽENJA ROMANTIČNEGA HOTELA RENESANSE KOT DEL POSLOVNEGA NAČRTA

OpenAIRE

Božič, Tanja

2010-01-01

V diplomskem delu smo oblikovali marketinški načrt romantičnega hotela Renesanse. V prvem delu diplomskega dela proučujemo teoretična izhodišča v povezavi z marketinškim načrtom. Pojasnili smo integralno vlogo marketinškega načrta v poslovnem načrtu podjetja. Opredelili smo ga kot pot, načine, možnosti za doseganje načrtovane prodaje podjetniških učinkov (izdelkov in/ali storitev). V drugem, praktičnem delu diplomskega dela predstavljamo celostno marketinško strategijo hotela Renesan...

Tear of the idiopathic peripheral retinal pigmentary epithelium

OpenAIRE

Leyva Almarales, Raúl Reinaldo; González Díaz, Rafael; Molina Martín, Julio César; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Violeta; Ramos Pereira, Yanay; Hernández Pérez, Arianna

2011-01-01

Los desgarros del epitelio pigmentario de la retina constituyen entidades asociadas a degeneración macular relacionada con la edad con desprendimiento de epitelio pigmentario retiniano. Aunque puede tener múltiples causas, también puede ser idiopático y su localización más frecuente ocurre a nivel del polo posterior retiniano. Se presenta un caso de desgarro de epitelio pigmentario retiniano periférico en paciente sin patología del polo posterior retiniano, el cual se produjo de manera espont...

Developing a precise questionnaire to elucidate risk factors and injury pattern in RTA victims

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RK Singh

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Road traffic injuries are a growing public health issue. Despite good numbers of traffic legislations/ law/bye-laws/ regulations/ policies at the national/ state level and various safety measures to prevent road accidents/ mishaps, awareness remains comparatively low in India. Till date no questionnaire has been suitably developed, standardized and positivised for determining association of causality with injury pattern and severity score. Objective: To design and develop a précised survey questionnaire determining association of causality with injury pattern along with severity score in RTA victims.  Methodology: Till date no such study has been ventured which has observed the inter relationship of these factors resulting in a specific injury. Designed questionnaire was based on literature review, and updated several times to ensure the precision and agreement with the help of institutional trauma expert team. As a pilot study, 30 RTA victims admitted in trauma centre of KG Medical University were enrolled and designed questionnaire was tested for easiness and doubts. The results were thoroughly analyzed for item difficulty, precision and internal consistency. Results: A significant agreement of question pertaining to speed (k=0.99, CI=0.95, visibility (k=0.87, alcohol (k=0.65 in the questionnaire. Questions related to environment, driver, vehicle and road factors show a significant consistency (p>0.05 as cause of accidents. Test of agreements done by Kappa showed in variables having value more than 0.60 except few variables. Discussion: The designed questionnaire is precise, reasonably reliable in perfect agreement. This questionnaire should emerge a useful tool in determining the association of risk factors with injury pattern and severity. 

Patients with alcohol use disorder: initial results from a prospective multicenter registry in the Spanish Network on Addiction Disorders. CohRTA Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Sanvisens, Arantza; Zuluaga, Paola; Rivas, Inmaculada; Rubio, Gabriel; Gual, Antoni; Torrens, Marta; Short, Antoni; Álvarez, Francisco Javier; Tor, Jordi; Farré, Magí; Rodríguez de Fonseca, Fernando; Muga, Roberto

2017-07-14

The Alcohol Program of the Spanish Network on Addictive Disorders-RTA requires a longitudinal study to address different research questions related to alcoholism. The cohort study (CohRTA) focuses on patients seeking treatment for alcohol use disorder, as a multicentre, collaborative research project aimed to improve secondary prevention and early diagnosis of pathological processes associated with the disorder. multicentre cohort study in adults (>18 years) seeking their first treatment of the disorder. Patients sign an informed consent and data is collected in an online platform specifically designed for the study; patients are also requested to provide biological samples that are stored in a biobank. Baseline and prospective, socio-demographic, epidemiological, clinical and treatment data are collected. Currently there are 10 participating centres that expect to recruit more than 1,000 patients. As of December 2015, 344 patients (77% men) were included. Median age at admission was 50 years (IQR: 43-55 years). Median age at the start of alcohol consumption was 15 years (IQR: 14-18 years) and 61% of cases reported antecedents of alcohol use disorder in the family. During the 30 days prior to admission, alcohol consumption amounted to 12.5 SDU/day (IQR: 7.1-20 SDU/day), 72% of the patients were tobacco smokers and 30% currently used cocaine. Organising an open cohort of patients with alcohol use disorder may be crucial to better understand the clinical consequences of alcoholism in Spain. This cohort may potentiate quantitative and qualitative research within the Spanish Network on Addictive Disorders-RTA/RETICS. Having a well-established, representative cohort of patients will increase translational research on consequences of alcoholism in our country.

Developing a Model for Forecasting Road Traffic Accident (RTA) Fatalities in Yemen

Science.gov (United States)

Karim, Fareed M. A.; Abdo Saleh, Ali; Taijoobux, Aref; Ševrović, Marko

2017-12-01

The aim of this paper is to develop a model for forecasting RTA fatalities in Yemen. The yearly fatalities was modeled as the dependent variable, while the number of independent variables included the population, number of vehicles, GNP, GDP and Real GDP per capita. It was determined that all these variables are highly correlated with the correlation coefficient (r ≈ 0.9); in order to avoid multicollinearity in the model, a single variable with the highest r value was selected (real GDP per capita). A simple regression model was developed; the model was very good (R2=0.916); however, the residuals were serially correlated. The Prais-Winsten procedure was used to overcome this violation of the regression assumption. The data for a 20-year period from 1991-2010 were analyzed to build the model; the model was validated by using data for the years 2011-2013; the historical fit for the period 1991 - 2011 was very good. Also, the validation for 2011-2013 proved accurate.

The yearly rate of Relative Thalamic Atrophy (yrRTA: a simple 2D/3D method for estimating deep gray matter atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis

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Manuel eMenéndez-González

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Despite a strong correlation to outcome, the measurement of gray matter (GM atrophy is not being used in daily clinical practice as a prognostic factor and monitor the effect of treatments in Multiple Sclerosis (MS. This is mainly because the volumetric methods available to date are sophisticated and difficult to implement for routine use in most hospitals. In addition, the meaning of raw results from volumetric studies on regions of interest are not always easy to understand. Thus, there is a huge need of a methodology suitable to be applied in daily clinical practice in order to estimate GM atrophy in a convenient and comprehensive way. Given the thalamus is the brain structure found to be more consistently implied in MS both in terms of extent of atrophy and in terms of prognostic value, we propose a solution based in this structure. In particular, we propose to compare the extent of thalamus atrophy (TA with the extent of unspecific, global brain atrophy, represented by ventricular enlargement. We name this ratio the yearly rate of Relative Thalamic Atrophy (yrRTA. In this report we aim to describe the concept of yrRTA and the guidelines for computing it under 2D and 3D approaches and explain the rationale behind this method. We have also conducted a very short crossectional retrospective study to proof the concept of yrRTA. However, we do not seek to describe here the validity of this parameter since these researches are being conducted currently and results will be addressed in future publications.

The yearly rate of Relative Thalamic Atrophy (yrRTA): a simple 2D/3D method for estimating deep gray matter atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Menéndez-González, Manuel; Salas-Pacheco, José M; Arias-Carrión, Oscar

2014-01-01

Despite a strong correlation to outcome, the measurement of gray matter (GM) atrophy is not being used in daily clinical practice as a prognostic factor and monitor the effect of treatments in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This is mainly because the volumetric methods available to date are sophisticated and difficult to implement for routine use in most hospitals. In addition, the meanings of raw results from volumetric studies on regions of interest are not always easy to understand. Thus, there is a huge need of a methodology suitable to be applied in daily clinical practice in order to estimate GM atrophy in a convenient and comprehensive way. Given the thalamus is the brain structure found to be more consistently implied in MS both in terms of extent of atrophy and in terms of prognostic value, we propose a solution based in this structure. In particular, we propose to compare the extent of thalamus atrophy with the extent of unspecific, global brain atrophy, represented by ventricular enlargement. We name this ratio the "yearly rate of Relative Thalamic Atrophy" (yrRTA). In this report we aim to describe the concept of yrRTA and the guidelines for computing it under 2D and 3D approaches and explain the rationale behind this method. We have also conducted a very short crossectional retrospective study to proof the concept of yrRTA. However, we do not seek to describe here the validity of this parameter since these researches are being conducted currently and results will be addressed in future publications.

Developing a Model for Forecasting Road Traffic Accident (RTA Fatalities in Yemen

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Karim Fareed M. A.

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to develop a model for forecasting RTA fatalities in Yemen. The yearly fatalities was modeled as the dependent variable, while the number of independent variables included the population, number of vehicles, GNP, GDP and Real GDP per capita. It was determined that all these variables are highly correlated with the correlation coefficient (r ≈ 0.9; in order to avoid multicollinearity in the model, a single variable with the highest r value was selected (real GDP per capita. A simple regression model was developed; the model was very good (R2=0.916; however, the residuals were serially correlated. The Prais-Winsten procedure was used to overcome this violation of the regression assumption. The data for a 20-year period from 1991-2010 were analyzed to build the model; the model was validated by using data for the years 2011-2013; the historical fit for the period 1991 - 2011 was very good. Also, the validation for 2011-2013 proved accurate.

A STUDY ON PATTERN OF INJURIES FOLLOWING RTA

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Jiju George

2016-09-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND Around three lakh accidents occur in India every year injuring upto 3,40,000 people. Injuries to the pedestrian occur as a result of acceleration process. There can be an abrasion, contusion, laceration or fracture. Injuries can be grouped as  Primary Impact Injuries: This is the first contact of vehicle over the victim’s body. It can be an abrasion or contusion and may bear the design of the part of vehicle which struck the victim. The part of the body involved depends upon the position of the victim or the dimension of the offending vehicle.  Secondary Impact Injuries: Following the primary impact the victim can be scooped up and the vehicle can impact over other parts of his body producing injuries.  Secondary Injuries: These occur when the victim is knocked down following impact. These injuries are as a result of the victim striking the ground or any other intervening object.  Crush Injuries: these are seen when the victim is run over by the vehicle. The severity depends upon the weight of the vehicle. 2 In this study a sincere effort has been put to study the different types of injuries produced in a victim of road traffic accident. This study is intended to help the fellow orthopaedicians to identify quickly and act accordingly and thus prevent the consequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS  The present study was done in the Department of Orthopaedics, Travancore Medical College at Kollam.  The present study was done from March 2015 to march 2016.  A total of 196 cases of RTA were admitted in our hospital during the study period.  Gender distribution, age distribution, type of road user, time of the day when accidents occurred, part of the body injured, types of fracture and injuries sustained that followed was checked.  Detailed clinical history and examination was done and simultaneously noted. INCLUSION CRITERIA Nonfatal injuries was taken up for the study. EXCLUSION CRITERIA Patients who succumbed to

Identificación precoz de complicaciones microvasculares en la obesidad infantil. Relación interdisciplinaria y confección de nuevos protocolos basados en el análisis de mediadores celulares y moleculares y en el estudio del fondo del ojo.

OpenAIRE

Pacheco Cervera, Jana

2016-01-01

El objetivo es valorar estructural y funcionalmente la retina y el nervio óptico del niño obeso mediante un triple abordaje: determinar los calibres arteriovenosos retinianos, analizar las imágenes de la retina y del nervio óptico e identificar los marcadores bioquímicos emergentes relacionados con la inflamación, el estrés oxidativo y el daño vascular. Los objetivos secundarios son; averiguar si la obesidad infantil produce cambios estructurales en los vasos retinianos, como se sabe que ocur...

Transient spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in classic MEWDS: a case report

OpenAIRE

Lavigne, Luciana Castro; Isaac, David Leonardo Cruvinel; Duarte Júnior, José Osório; Ávila, Marcos Pereira de

2014-01-01

O propósito deste estudo é descrever o caso de um paciente com síndrome dos múltiplos pontos brancos evanescentes (MEWDS), apresentando achados retinianos clássicos e alterações transitórias na anatomia retiniana externa. Paciente do sexo masculino, 20 anos de idade, apresentando embaçamento visual no olho esquerdo, relatando sintomas gripais uma semana antes do início dos sintomas visuais. Fundoscopia do olho esquerdo revelou granularidade foveal, múltiplos pontos brancos retinianos no polo ...

Cellular corepressor TLE2 inhibits replication-and-transcription- activator-mediated transactivation and lytic reactivation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.

Science.gov (United States)

He, Zhiheng; Liu, Yunhua; Liang, Deguang; Wang, Zhuo; Robertson, Erle S; Lan, Ke

2010-02-01

Replication and transcription activator (RTA) encoded by open reading frame 50 (ORF50) of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is essential and sufficient to initiate lytic reactivation. RTA activates its target genes through direct binding with high affinity to its responsive elements or by interaction with cellular factors, such as RBP-Jkappa, Ap-1, C/EBP-alpha, and Oct-1. In this study, we identified transducin-like enhancer of split 2 (TLE2) as a novel RTA binding protein by using yeast two-hybrid screening of a human spleen cDNA library. The interaction between TLE2 and RTA was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) binding and coimmunoprecipitation assays. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that TLE2 and RTA were colocalized in the same nuclear compartment in KSHV-infected cells. This interaction recruited TLE2 to RTA bound to its recognition sites on DNA and repressed RTA auto-activation and transactivation activity. Moreover, TLE2 also inhibited the induction of lytic replication and virion production driven by RTA. We further showed that the Q (Gln-rich), SP (Ser-Pro-rich), and WDR (Trp-Asp repeat) domains of TLE2 and the Pro-rich domain of RTA were essential for this interaction. RBP-Jkappa has been shown previously to bind to the same Pro-rich domain of RTA, and this binding can be subject to competition by TLE2. In addition, TLE2 can form a complex with RTA to access the cognate DNA sequence of the RTA-responsive element at different promoters. Intriguingly, the transcription level of TLE2 could be upregulated by RTA during the lytic reactivation process. In conclusion, we identified a new RTA binding protein, TLE2, and demonstrated that TLE2 inhibited replication and transactivation mediated by RTA. This provides another potentially important mechanism for maintenance of KSHV viral latency through interaction with a host protein.

A viral transcriptional activator of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) induces apoptosis, which is blocked in KSHV-infected cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nishimura, Ken; Ueda, Keiji; Sakakibara, Shuhei; Do, Eunju; Ohsaki, Eriko; Okuno, Toshiomi; Yamanishi, Koichi

2003-01-01

Replication and transcription activator (RTA), mostly encoded by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) open reading frame 50, is expressed in the immediate-early phase of reactivation and plays a critical role in inducing the viral lytic cycle in KSHV-infected cells. We established cell clones from BJAB cells and replication-deficient BCBL-1 cells in which KSHV RTA expression was controlled by an inducible promoter of the tetracycline-based Tet-Off expression system. In RTA-inducible BJAB cells, tetracycline removal induced the synthesis of RTA, resulting in cell death. DNA fragmentation, structural changes in the cell membrane, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage were observed in the RTA-induced BJAB cells, indicating that RTA expression induced caspase activation and cell death by apoptosis. However, expression of RTA in RTA-inducible BCBL-1 cells did not undergo apoptosis and cell death. These results suggested that KSHV RTA is an apoptosis inducer that is opposed by an antiapoptotic pathway in infected cells

Análisis de ruta de tomate Cherry en poscosecha

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Moreira Sobreira Fábio

2009-12-01

Full Text Available

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las principales variables asociadas a la resistencia poscosecha del tomate Cherry (tomate tipo cereza (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme, y con base en ello, orientar la selección de materiales para programas de mejoramiento. Se utilizó un diseño experimental en bloques completos aleatorizados, con tres repeticiones y 10 frutos por parcela. Para el análisis de los datos se adoptó un diagrama causal ilustrativo, considerando la resistencia poscosecha como variable básica, y las siguientes variables explicativas: peso medio de los frutos, diámetro de la cicatriz del pedúnculo, grosor del mesocarpio, contenido de sólidos solubles y pH. Se realizaron análisis de varianza, correlaciones genotípicas y multicolinealidad; y desdoblamiento de las correlaciones genotípicas por medio de análisis de ruta (portugués: "análise de trilha". Considerando separadamente los caracteres estudiados, el grosor del mesocarpio y el peso medio de los frutos son los que contribuyen en una mayor medida a explicar las variaciones en la resistencia poscosecha del tomate Cherry. Es posible obtener ganancias en resistencia poscosecha por medio de selección indirecta vía grosor del mesocarpio. Esta ganancia será mayor si entre los frutos de mayor grosor del mesocarpio se seleccionan los que presentan menor peso.

Microscopia confocal cuantitativa del haze corneal y correlación con la ametropía a tratar en cirugía refractiva de superficie

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Eduardo Rojas Alvarez

2016-07-01

Conclusiones: El grosor del haze corneal obtenido en pacientes intervenidos con excímer láser mediante la técnica LASEK es dependiente de la magnitud de la ametropía a tratar, y adquiere su mayor valor a los 3 meses de posoperatorio. La magnitud de la ametropía no es el único factor influyente en la aparición y grosor del haze. En córneas transparentes en el posoperatorio de LASEK siempre existe algún grado de haze corneal morfométrico.

Transient spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in classic MEWDS: a case report

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Luciana Castro Lavigne

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O propósito deste estudo é descrever o caso de um paciente com síndrome dos múltiplos pontos brancos evanescentes (MEWDS, apresentando achados retinianos clássicos e alterações transitórias na anatomia retiniana externa. Paciente do sexo masculino, 20 anos de idade, apresentando embaçamento visual no olho esquerdo, relatando sintomas gripais uma semana antes do início dos sintomas visuais. Fundoscopia do olho esquerdo revelou granularidade foveal, múltiplos pontos brancos retinianos no polo posterior. A angiografia fluoresceínica e a indocianinografia verde evidenciaram achados típicos de MEWDS. A tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral evidenciou alterações transitórias na anatomia retiniana externa como desaparecimento da junção dos segmentos interno-externo dos fotorreceptores e leve atenuação da membrana limitante externa. Após 6 meses, a tomografia de coerência óptica mostrou completa resolução com recuperação total da anatomia retiniana externa.

EFECTO DE DOS TIPOS DE FUNDAS SOBRE EL FRUTO DE BANANO (Musa AAA

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Alfonso Vargas-Calvo

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de dos fundas en la protección del racimo de banano (Musa AAA . En dos épocas climáticas (adversa y favorable bajo condiciones del Ca ribe de Costa Ri ca se evaluaron dos fundas: 1- azul Sa nta Lucía (bifentrina 0,1%, polie tileno de 12,7 ¿ de grosor, con perforaciones de 4 mm y 86,4 cm de ancho y 2- transparente con aditivos para filtrar la luz ultravioleta e infrarroja (bifentrina 0,1%, 20,3 ¿ de grosor, con perforaciones de 4 mm y 88,9 cm de ancho. El peso del racimo así como el grosor y la longitud del fruto central de la fila externa en la segunda, cuarta y sexta mano no difirieron (P> 0,0556 entre ambas fundas. Tampoco hubo diferencias entre estas en la apa rie ncia del racimo (P>0,4699 ni en la firmeza de la cáscara en grado 1 de maduración (P= 0,6268. En las varia bles de medición del color del fruto solamente L* presentó un valor (56,48 más alto (P=0,0109 con la funda transparente fotosensible, mie ntras que las otras dos varia bles relacionadas (a* y b* no fueron diferentes (P>0,1011 entre las fundas. El incremento adicional de 7,6 ¿ en el grosor del polie tileno de la funda transparente con respecto a la azul Sa nta Lucía, no ocasionó un incremento productivo ni una mejor apa rie ncia del racimo de banano y sus frutos.

Epidemiology, clinical management, and outcomes of dogs involved in road traffic accidents in the United Kingdom (2009-2014).

Science.gov (United States)

Harris, Georgina L; Brodbelt, David; Church, David; Humm, Karen; McGreevy, Paul D; Thomson, Peter C; O'Neill, Dan

2018-03-01

To estimate the prevalence and risk factors for road traffic accidents (RTA) in dogs and describe the management and outcome of these dogs attending primary-care veterinary practices in the United Kingdom. Retrospective cross-sectional study. Primary-care veterinary practices in the United Kingdom. The study population included 199,464 dogs attending 115 primary-care clinics across the United Kingdom. Electronic patient records of dogs attending practices participating in the VetCompass Programme were assessed against selection criteria used to define RTA cases. Cases identified as RTAs were identified and manually verified to calculate prevalence. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods were used to evaluate associations between risk factors and RTA. The prevalence of RTA was 0.41%. Of the RTA cases, 615 (74.9%) were purebred, 322 (39.2%) were female, and 285 (54.8%) were insured. The median age at RTA was 2.5 years. After accounting for the effects of other factors, younger dogs had increased odds of an RTA event: dogs aged under 3 years showed 2.9 times the odds and dogs aged between 6-9 years showed 1.8 times the odds of an RTA event compared with dogs aged over 14 years. Males had 1.4 times the odds of an RTA event compared with females. Overall, 22.9% of cases died from a cause associated with RTA. Of dogs with information available, 34.0% underwent diagnostic imaging, 29.4% received intravenous fluid-therapy, 71.1% received pain relief, 46.0% were hospitalized, and 15.6% had surgery performed under general anesthetic. This study identified important demographic factors associated with RTA in dogs, notably being young and male. © Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society 2018.

Renal Tubular Acidosis after Jejunoileal Bypass for Morbid Obesity: role of secondary hyperparathyroidism

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, NN; Ladefoged, NN

1991-01-01

The effect of calcium infusion was studied in patients with renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Both developed after jejunoileal bypass operation (JIB) for morbid obesity. In three of four cases the acidification defect was abolished, probably due to a decrease of serum...... parathyroid hormone. As we found RTA in 9% (95% confidence limits 2-21%) of our patients, screening for acidosis is recommended in obesity patients after malabsorptive operations. RTA can be verified through an ammonium loading test. Before deciding on re-establishing bowel continuity due to RTA, we suggest...... and vitamin D supplementation. If RTA can be abolished through correction of calcium homeostasis, reoperation may be avoided. Before deciding on re-establishing bowel continuity in JIB patients with RTA, we therefore suggest that patients be evaluated for secondary hyperparathyroidism and any calcium...

Distal renal tubular acidosis

Science.gov (United States)

... this disorder. Alternative Names Renal tubular acidosis - distal; Renal tubular acidosis type I; Type I RTA; RTA - distal; Classical RTA Images Kidney anatomy Kidney - blood and urine flow References Bose A, Monk RD, Bushinsky DA. Kidney ...

Renal Tubular Acidosis Secondary to FK506 in Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Case Report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Keiko Ogita

2003-10-01

Full Text Available FK506 is an immunosuppressant that is thought to be less nephrotoxic than cyclosporine A. However, complications due to renal tubular acidosis (RTA have recently been reported. We report a case of RTA secondary to FK506 administration in liver transplantation. A 6-month-old girl was treated with FK506 after undergoing living donor liver transplantation for fulminant hepatitis. On postoperative day 17, she demonstrated hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis; she was diagnosed to have hyperkalaemic distal RTA with aldosterone deficiency (type IV. Intravenous sodium bicarbonate and furosemide, and intrarectal calcium polystyrenesulfonate were administered to correct the acidosis and promote potassium secretion. Thereafter, the FK506 concentration in whole blood gradually decreased, and the hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis following RTA improved. RTA is one type of nephrotoxicity induced by FK506, and it is reversible in mild cases when appropriately treated. The mechanism of RTA induced by FK506 has not yet been clearly elucidated. Surgeons and physicians should therefore be aware of the potential for RTA to occur with FK506 after any organ transplantation. The treatment for acidosis and hyperkalaemia should be started as soon as RTA is diagnosed, and the dosage of FK506 should also be reduced if possible.

[Protective effect of Uncaria rhynchophylla total alkaloids pretreatment on hippocampal neurons after acute hypoxia].

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Wei; Zhang, Zhao-qin; Zhao, Xiao-min; Gao, Yun-sheng

2006-05-01

To investigate the effect of Uncaria rhynchophylla total alkaloids (RTA) pretreatment on the voltage-gated sodium currents of the rat hippocampal neurons after acute hypoxia. Primary cultured hippocampal neurons were divided into RTA pre-treated and non-pretreated groups. Patch clamp whole-cell recording was used to compare the voltage-gated sodium current amplitude and threshold with those before hypoxia. After acute hypoxia, sodium current amplitude was significantly decreased and its threshold was upside. RTA pretreatment could inhibit the reduction of sodium current amplitude. RTA pretreatment alleviates the acute hypoxia-induced change of sodium currents, which may be one of the mechanisms for protective effect of RTA on cells.

Distal renal tubular acidosis and amelogenesis imperfecta: A rare association

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P Ravi

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Renal tubular acidosis (RTA is characterized by a normal anion gap with hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Primary distal RTA (type I is the most common RTA in children. Childhood presentation of distal RTA includes vomiting, failure to thrive, metabolic acidosis, and hypokalemia. Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI represents a condition where the dental enamel and oral tissues are affected in an equal manner resulting in the hypoplastic or hypopigmented teeth. We report a 10-year-old girl, previously asymptomatic presented with the hypokalemic paralysis and on work-up found out to have type I RTA. The discoloration of teeth and enamel was diagnosed as AI.

Renal tubular acidosis complicated with hyponatremia due to cortisol insufficiency

OpenAIRE

Izumi, Yuichiro; Nakayama, Yushi; Onoue, Tomoaki; Inoue, Hideki; Mukoyama, Masashi

2015-01-01

Adrenocortical insufficiency such as occurs in Addison's disease causes hyponatremia and renal tubular acidosis (RTA). Hyponatremia results from both aldosterone and cortisol insufficiency. RTA is due to aldosterone insufficiency. The involvement of cortisol in RTA is unclear. Here, we report a woman in her 70s who was admitted to our hospital with severe hyponatremia (106 mEq/l) and RTA. The patient exhibited low plasma cortisol levels with little response to rapid adrenocorticotropic hormon...

Correlación hemodinámica, anatomopatológica y posquirúrgica en las cardiopatías congénitas con hipertensión pulmonar

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Herminia Palenzuela López

1995-04-01

Full Text Available Se revisan los resultados del estudio hemodinámico y los hallazgos anatomopatológicos cualitativos y cuantitativos, así como su correspondencia entre sí y con la evolución posoperatoria, en 20 pacientes con cardiopatía congénita e hipertensión pulmonar. Se encontraron respuestas favorables a la prueba con vasodilatadores en más del 70 % de los casos, no siempre en relación con la severidad de las lesiones anatomopatológicas. Se hallaron cifras del índice de grosor de la capa media mayores del 20 % en la mayoría de los casos, y predominaron los valores menores del 25 % en los casos con lesiones de Heath y Edwards mayor de II. Se demostró relación estadísticamente significativa entre los valores del índice de grosor de la capa media más elevados y la edad media menor, así como entre el grado de reducción de las resistencias vasculares pulmonares con vasodilatadores y los valores menores del índice de grosor de la capa media. Predominaron las lesiones de tipo II de Heath y Edwards a pesar de la edad quirúrgica algo tardía de algunos casos. Los fallecidos por hipertensión pulmonar estuvieron entre los casos con lesiones de tipo II de Heath y Edwards e índice de grosor de la capa media mayores del 25 %. La evolución de la hipertensión pulmonar en general fue más favorable de lo esperado. Se concluye que ninguna prueba por sí sola permite predecir operabilidad, por lo que será necesario profundizar en el estudio anatomopatológico cuantitativo en los casos dudosos como un medio más para una decisión más correcta.

Use of the emotional Stroop to assess psychological trauma following traumatic brain injury.

Science.gov (United States)

Coates, Richard C

2008-04-01

A modified Stroop task was used to investigate the hypothesis that implicit memory may be a possible mechanism for the development of acute stress disorder (ASD) in patients who have suffered a closed head injury. Three groups of hospital patients were compared within 1 month post-trauma: road traffic accident (RTA) patients with a brain injury (n = 15), RTA patients without a brain injury (n = 13) and a control group of orthopaedic and plastics patients (n = 15). Participants named colours of five types of words: RTA-related words, words related to hospitalization, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) words, positive words and neutral words. Participants were also administered the Acute Stress Disorder Interview and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Both RTA patients with and without a brain injury demonstrated significant interference on words related to an RTA. Significant interference was unexpectedly observed for OCD words in RTA patients. Control patients did not display significant interference effects. Findings suggested that patients, both with and without explicit recall for an RTA, responded similarly on a task involving implicit memory for trauma. Possible implications for ASD and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder are discussed.

Diode characteristics and residual deep-level defects of p+n abrupt junctions fabricated by rapid thermal annealing of boron implanted silicon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Usami, A.; Katayama, M.; Wada, T.; Tokuda, Y.

1987-01-01

p + n diodes were fabricated by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of boron implanted silicon in the annealing temperature range 700-1100 0 C for around 7 s, and the RTA temperature dependence of electrical characteristics of these diodes was studied. Deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements were made to evaluate residual deep-level defects in the n-type bulk. Three electron traps were observed in p + n diodes fabricated by RTA at 700 0 C. It was considered that these three traps were residual point defects near the tail of the implantation damage after RTA. Residual defect concentrations increased in the range 700-900 0 C and decreased in the range 1000-1100 0 C. The growth of defects in the bulk was ascribed to the diffusion of defects from the implanted layer during RTA. Concentrations of electron traps observed in p + n diodes fabricated by RTA at 1100 0 C were approx. 10 12 cm -3 . It was found that these residual deep-level defects observed by DLTS were inefficient generation-recombination centres since the reverse current was independent of the RTA temperatures. (author)

Abnormal distal renal tubular acidification in patients with low bone mass: prevalence and impact of alkali treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Sromicki, Jerzy Jan; Hess, Bernhard

2017-06-01

Chronic acid retention is known to promote bone dissolution. In this study, 23 % of patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis were diagnosed with abnormal distal renal tubular acidification (dRTA), a kidney dysfunction leading to chronic acid retention. Treating those patients with alkali-therapy shows improvement in bone density. To evaluate the prevalence of abnormal distal renal tubular acidification in patients with low bone mass (LBM) and the impact of additional alkali treatment on bone density in patients with concomitant LBM and dRTA,183 patients referred for metabolic evaluation of densitometrically proven low bone mass were screened for abnormal distal renal tubular acidification between 2006 and 2013. In all LBM urine pH (U-pH) was measured in the 2nd morning urines after 12 h of fasting. If U-pH was ≥5.80, LBM underwent a 1-day ammonium chloride loading, and U-pH was remeasured the next morning. If U-pH after acid loading did not drop below 5.45, patients were diagnosed with abnormal distal renal tubular acidification. Normal values were obtained from 21 healthy controls. All LBM with dRTA were recommended alkali citrate in addition to conventional therapy of LBM, and follow-up DXAs were obtained until 2014. 85 LBM underwent NH 4 Cl loading. 42 LBM patients were diagnosed with incomplete dRTA (idRTA; prevalence 23.0 %). During follow-up (1.6-8 years) of idRTA-LBM patients, subjects adhering to alkali treatment tended to improve BMD at all sites measured, whereas BMD of non-adherent idRTA patients worsened/remained unchanged. (1) About one out of four patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis has idRTA. (2) Upon NH 4 Cl loading, idRTA patients do not lower urine pH normally, but show signs of increased acid-buffering by bone dissolution. (3) In idRTA patients with low bone mass on conventional therapy, additional long-term alkali treatment improves bone mass at lumbar spine and potentially at other bone sites. (4) All patients with low bone mass undergoing

Ricin A chain reaches the endoplasmic reticulum after endocytosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Qiong; Zhan Jinbiao; Chen Xinhong; Zheng Shu

2006-01-01

Ricin is a potent ribosome inactivating protein and now has been widely used for synthesis of immunotoxins. To target ribosome in the mammalian cytosol, ricin must firstly retrograde transport from the endomembrane system to reach the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where the ricin A chain (RTA) is recognized by ER components that facilitate its membrane translocation to the cytosol. In the study, the fusion gene of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-RTA was expressed with the pET-28a (+) system in Escherichia coli under the control of a T7 promoter. The fusion protein showed a green fluorescence. The recombinant protein can be purified by metal chelated affinity chromatography on a column of NTA. The rabbit anti-GFP antibody can recognize the fusion protein of EGFP-RTA just like the EGFP protein. The cytotoxicity of EGFP-RTA and RTA was evaluated by the MTT assay in HeLa and HEP-G2 cells following fluid-phase endocytosis. The fusion protein had a similar cytotoxicity of RTA. After endocytosis, the subcellular location of the fusion protein can be observed with the laser scanning confocal microscopy and the immuno-gold labeling Electro Microscopy. This study provided important evidence by a visualized way to prove that RTA does reach the endoplasmic reticulum

A Novel Approach for Identification and Ranking of Road Traffic Accident Hotspots

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Zahran El-Said M.M.

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Road Traffic Accidents (RTA are known to be one of the main causes of fatalities worldwide. One usef ul approach to improve road safety is through the identification of RT A hotspots along a road, so they can be prioritised and treated. This paper introduces an approach based on Geographical Information System (GI S to identify and prioritise RTA hotspots along a road network using historical RTA data. One particular urban road in Brunei with a historically high rate of RT As, Jalan Gadong, was selected as a case study. Five years of historical RTA data were acquired from the relevant authorities and input into a GIS database. GI S analysis was then used to identify the spatial extension of the RT A hotspots. The RT A hotspots were ranked according to three different schemes: frequency, severity and socio-economic impact of RTAs. A composite ranking scheme was also developed to combine these schemes; this enabled the prioritisation and development of intervention and maintenance programmes of the identified RTA hotspots. A visualisation method of the RTA spatial distribution within each identified RTA hotspot was also developed to determine the most risky road stretches within each hotspot, which is important for treatment prioritisation when limited resources are available.

Rhynchophylla total alkaloid rescues autophagy, decreases oxidative stress and improves endothelial vasodilation in spontaneous hypertensive rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Chao; Jiang, Feng; Li, Yun-Lun; Jiang, Yue-Hua; Yang, Wen-Qing; Sheng, Jie; Xu, Wen-Juan; Zhu, Qing-Jun

2018-03-01

Autophagy plays an important role in alleviating oxidative stress and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. However, the potential role of autophagy in endothelial vasodilation function has rarely been studied. This study aimed to investigate whether rhynchophylla total alkaloid (RTA) has a positive role in enhancing autophagy through decreasing oxidative stress, and improving endothelial vasodilation. In oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), RTA (200 mg/L) significantly suppressed ox-LDL-induced oxidative stress through rescuing autophagy, and decreased cell apoptosis. In spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), administration of RTA (50 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 , ip, for 6 weeks) improved endothelin-dependent vasodilation of thoracic aorta rings. Furthermore, RTA administration significantly increased the antioxidant capacity and alleviated oxidative stress through enhancing autophagy in SHR. In ox-LDL-treated HUVECs, we found that the promotion of autophagy by RTA resulted in activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Our results show that RTA treatment rescues the ox-LDL-induced autophagy impairment in HUVECs and improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation function in SHR.

Failure to thrive and nephrocalcinosis due to distal renal tubular acidosis: A rare presentation of pediatric lupus nephritis.

Science.gov (United States)

Nandi, Madhumita; Das, Mrinal Kanti; Nandi, Sukanta

2016-01-01

A 9-year-old female child was initially diagnosed of having nephrocalcinosis with distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) while investigating for short stature. She later on developed features of nephrotic syndrome (NS) while on treatment for RTA. Investigation for the cause of NS revealed very strong serological evidence in favor of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Histopathological confirmation could not be done due to bilateral severely contracted kidneys. There are a few case reports of dRTA as the presentation of SLE, but nephrocalcinosis with dRTA with subsequent manifestation of SLE has hitherto not been reported in literature.

ZnO nanorod arrays prepared by chemical bath deposition combined with rapid thermal annealing: structural, photoluminescence and field emission characteristics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Hung-Wei; He, Hsin-Min; Lee, Yi-Mu; Yang, Hsi-Wen

2016-01-01

ZnO nanorod arrays were prepared by low temperature chemical bath deposition (CBD) combined with rapid thermal annealing (RTA) under different ambient conditions. The structure and morphology of the synthesized ZnO have been characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The obtained ZnO samples are highly crystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite phase and also display well-aligned array structure. A pronounced effect on increased nanorod length was found for the RTA-treated ZnO as compared to the as-grown ZnO. Analysis of XRD indicates that the (0 0 2) feature peak of the as-grown ZnO was shifted towards a lower angle as compared to the peaks of RTA-treated ZnO samples due to the reduction of tensile strain along the c-axis by RTA. Photoluminescence (PL) studies reveal that the ZnO nanorod arrays receiving RTA in an O 2 environment have the sharpest UV emission band and greatest intensity ratio of near band-edge emission (NBE) to deep level emission (DLE). Additionally, the effects of RTA on the field emission properties were evaluated. The results demonstrate that RTA an O 2 environment can lower the turn-on field and improve the field enhancement factor. The stability of the field emission current was also tested for 4 h. (paper)

Effects of vacuum rapid thermal annealing on the electrical characteristics of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin films

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Hyun-Woo; Cho, Won-Ju

2018-01-01

We investigated the effects of vacuum rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the electrical characteristics of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin films. The a-IGZO films deposited by radiofrequency sputtering were subjected to vacuum annealing under various temperature and pressure conditions with the RTA system. The carrier concentration was evaluated by Hall measurement; the electron concentration of the a-IGZO film increased and the resistivity decreased as the RTA temperature increased under vacuum conditions. In a-IGZO thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a bottom-gate top-contact structure, the threshold voltage decreased and the leakage current increased as the vacuum RTA temperature increased. As the annealing pressure decreased, the threshold voltage decreased, and the leakage current increased. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated changes in the lattice oxygen and oxygen vacancies of the a-IGZO films after vacuum RTA. At higher annealing temperatures, the lattice oxygen decreased and oxygen vacancies increased, which suggests that oxygen was diffused out in a reduced pressure atmosphere. The formation of oxygen vacancies increased the electron concentration, which consequently increased the conductivity of the a-IGZO films and reduced the threshold voltage of the TFTs. The results showed that the oxygen vacancies and electron concentrations of the a-IGZO thin films changed with the vacuum RTA conditions and that high-temperature RTA treatment at low pressure converted the IGZO thin film to a conductor.

Development of a rapid thermal annealing process for polycrystalline silicon thin-film solar cells on glass

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rau, B. [Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy, Kekulestr. 5, D-12489 Berlin (Germany)], E-mail: bjoern.rau@helmholtz-berlin.de; Weber, T.; Gorka, B.; Dogan, P.; Fenske, F.; Lee, K.Y.; Gall, S.; Rech, B. [Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy, Kekulestr. 5, D-12489 Berlin (Germany)

2009-03-15

In this report, we discuss the influence of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the performance of polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) thin-film solar cells on glass where the poly-Si layers are differently prepared. The first part presents a comprehensive study of RTA treatments on poly-Si thin-films made by solid phase crystallization (SPC) (standard material of CSG Solar AG, Thalheim). By varying both plateau temperature (up to 1050 deg. C) and duration (up to 1000 s) of the annealing profile, we determined the parameters for a maximum open-circuit voltage (V{sub OC}). In addition, we applied our standard plasma hydrogenation treatment in order to passivate the remaining intra-grain defects and grain boundaries by atomic hydrogen resulting in a further increase of V{sub OC}. We found, that the preceding RTA treatment increases the effect of hydrogenation already at comparable low RTA temperatures. The effect on hydrogenation increases significantly with RTA temperature. In a second step we investigated the effect of the RTA and hydrogenation on large-grained poly-Si films based on the epitaxial thickening of poly-Si seed layers.

Investigation of Near-Surface Defects Induced by Spike Rapid Thermal Annealing in c-SILICON Solar Cells

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Guodong; Ren, Pan; Zhang, Dayong; Wang, Weiping; Li, Jianfeng

2016-01-01

The defects induced by a spike rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process in crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells were investigated by the photoluminescence (PL) technique and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Dislocation defects were found to form in the near-surface junction region of the monocrystalline Si solar cell after a spike RTA process was performed at 1100∘C. Photo J-V characteristics were measured on the Si solar cell before and after the spike RTA treatments to reveal the effects of defects on the Si cell performances. In addition, the Silvaco device simulation program was used to study the effects of defects density on the cell performances by fitting the experimental data of RTA-treated cells. The results demonstrate that there was an obvious degradation in the Si solar cell performances when the defect density after the spike RTA treatment was above 1×1013cm-3.

Enhancing electron transport in Si:P delta-doped devices by rapid thermal anneal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goh, K. E. J.; Augarten, Y.; Oberbeck, L.; Simmons, M. Y.

2008-01-01

We address the use of rapid thermal anneal (RTA) to enhance electron mobility and phase coherent transport in Si:P δ-doped devices encapsulated by low temperature Si molecular beam epitaxy while minimizing dopant diffusion. RTA temperatures of 500-700 deg. C were applied to δ-doped layers encapsulated at 250 deg. C. From 4.2 K magnetotransport measurements, we find that the improved crystal quality after RTA increases the mobility/mean free path by ∼40% and the phase coherence length by ∼25%. Our results suggest that the initial capping layer has near optimal crystal quality and transport improvement achieved by a RTA is limited

Detection of defect states responsible for leakage current in ultrathin tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) films by zero-bias thermally stimulated current spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lau, W.S.; Zhong, L.; Lee, A.; See, C.H.; Han, T.; Sandler, N.P.; Chong, T.C.

1997-01-01

Defect states responsible for leakage current in ultrathin (physical thickness 2 O 5 ) films were measured with a novel zero-bias thermally stimulated current technique. It was found that defect states A, whose activation energy was estimated to be about 0.2 eV, can be more efficiently suppressed by using N 2 O rapid thermal annealing (RTA) instead of using O 2 RTA for postdeposition annealing. The leakage current was also smaller for samples with N 2 O RTA than those with O 2 RTA for postdeposition annealing. Hence, defect states A are quite likely to be important in causing leakage current. copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics

Post-annealing effects on shallow-junction characteristics caused by 20 keV BGe molecular ion implantation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liang, J.H.; Sang, Y.J.; Wang, C.-H.; Wang, T.W.; Hsu, J.Y.; Niu, H.; Tseng, M.S.

2005-01-01

This study examines the post-annealing-dependent behaviors of the shallow junction produced by implanting 10 15 cm -2 20 keV BGe ions into n-type silicon specimens. Post-annealing treatments consisted of one- and two-step annealing including both furnace annealing (FA) and rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Comparison of the one-step FA at 550 deg. C and the one-step RTA at 1050 deg. C revealed that boron depth profiles were slightly diffused in the former but exhibited considerable transient-enhanced diffusion (TED) in the latter. However, both the one-step FA- and RTA-annealed germanium depth profiles barely diffused, while the latter diffusing slightly deeper than the former. The optimum value of junction depth (x j ) times sheet resistance (R s ) was obtained with one-step FA at 550 deg. C for 1 h. The two-step annealing (FA at 550 deg. C and RTA at 1050 deg. C) results showed that the RTA-induced TED in the boron depth profiles could be effectively retarded only when FA took place for more than 3 h. Again, germanium depth profiles are also barely diffused while the corresponding TEDs were larger than those in one-step FA but smaller than those in one-step RTA. Furthermore, the two-step annealing of FA at 550 deg. C for 3 h followed by RTA at 1050 deg. C for 30 s is suggested when attempting to obtain an optimum value of x j R s

Effects of vacuum rapid thermal annealing on the electrical characteristics of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin films

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hyun-Woo Lee

2018-01-01

Full Text Available We investigated the effects of vacuum rapid thermal annealing (RTA on the electrical characteristics of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO thin films. The a-IGZO films deposited by radiofrequency sputtering were subjected to vacuum annealing under various temperature and pressure conditions with the RTA system. The carrier concentration was evaluated by Hall measurement; the electron concentration of the a-IGZO film increased and the resistivity decreased as the RTA temperature increased under vacuum conditions. In a-IGZO thin-film transistors (TFTs with a bottom-gate top-contact structure, the threshold voltage decreased and the leakage current increased as the vacuum RTA temperature increased. As the annealing pressure decreased, the threshold voltage decreased, and the leakage current increased. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated changes in the lattice oxygen and oxygen vacancies of the a-IGZO films after vacuum RTA. At higher annealing temperatures, the lattice oxygen decreased and oxygen vacancies increased, which suggests that oxygen was diffused out in a reduced pressure atmosphere. The formation of oxygen vacancies increased the electron concentration, which consequently increased the conductivity of the a-IGZO films and reduced the threshold voltage of the TFTs. The results showed that the oxygen vacancies and electron concentrations of the a-IGZO thin films changed with the vacuum RTA conditions and that high-temperature RTA treatment at low pressure converted the IGZO thin film to a conductor.

Redshift and blueshift of GaNAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells induced by rapid thermal annealing

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Yijun; Cheng, Zhiyuan; Zhou, Qiang; Sun, Ying; Sun, Jiabao; Liu, Yanhua; Wang, Meifang; Cao, Zhen; Ye, Zhi; Xu, Mingsheng; Ding, Yong; Chen, Peng; Heuken, Michael; Egawa, Takashi

2018-02-01

The effects of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the optical properties of GaNAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) are studied by photoluminescence (PL) at 77 K. The results show that the optical quality of the MQWs improves significantly after RTA. With increasing RTA temperature, PL peak energy of the MQWs redshifts below 1023 K, while it blueshifts above 1023 K. Two competitive processes which occur simultaneously during RTA result in redshift at low temperature and blueshift at high temperature. It is also found that PL peak energy shift can be explained neither by nitrogen diffusion out of quantum wells nor by nitrogen reorganization inside quantum wells. PL peak energy shift can be quantitatively explained by a modified recombination coupling model in which redshift nonradiative recombination and blueshift nonradiative recombination coexist. The results obtained have significant implication on the growth and RTA of GaNAs material for high performance optoelectronic device application.

Distal renal tubular acidosis in two children with acquired hypothyroidism.

Science.gov (United States)

Guerra-Hernández, Norma E; Ordaz-López, Karen V; Vargas-Poussou, Rosa; Escobar-Pérez, Laura; García-Nieto, Víctor M

2018-04-28

Two cases of children diagnosed with renal tubular acidosis (RTA) associated with autoimmune hypothyroidism are presented. Case 1 developed an intestinal ileus at the age of five in the context of a respiratory problem. The tests performed confirmed metabolic acidosis, hyperchloraemia, hypokalaemia and nephrocalcinosis. Case 2 was diagnosed with hypothyroidism at the age of 11, and with RTA two years later. In both patients, the diagnosis of RTA was verified when decreased maximum urinary pCO 2 was found. In case 2, a proximal bicarbonate leak (type 3 RTA) was also confirmed. This was the first case to be published on the topic. The causes of RTA in patients with hypothyroidism are reviewed. The deleterious effect on the kidneys may be due to the absence of thyroid hormone and/or autoantibodies in the cases of autoimmune hypothyroidism. Copyright © 2018 Sociedad Española de Nefrología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Geographic analysis of road accident severity index in Nigeria.

Science.gov (United States)

Iyanda, Ayodeji E

2018-05-28

Before 2030, deaths from road traffic accidents (RTAs) will surpass cerebrovascular disease, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. Yet, there is little knowledge on the geographic distribution of RTA severity in Nigeria. Accident Severity Index is the proportion of deaths that result from a road accident. This study analysed the geographic pattern of RTA severity based on the data retrieved from Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC). The study predicted a two-year data from a historic road accident data using exponential smoothing technique. To determine spatial autocorrelation, global and local indicators of spatial association were implemented in a geographic information system. Results show significant clusters of high RTA severity among states in the northeast and the northwest of Nigeria. Hence, the findings are discussed from two perspectives: Road traffic law compliance and poor emergency response. Conclusion, the severity of RTA is high in the northern states of Nigeria, hence, RTA remains a public health concern.

Electric properties of La2O3/SiO2/4H-SiC MOS capacitors with different annealing temperatures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yucheng Wang

2015-08-01

Full Text Available In this work, we describe a rapid thermal annealing (RTA process for the La2O3/SiO2/4H-SiC interface and investigate its effect on the material’s electrical properties. Our results indicate that the trap charge density and interface state density (Dit are reduced as the RTA temperature increases due to the termination of residual carbon and dangling bonds. We demonstrate that the sample obtained after RTA at 500 °C has the highest breakdown electric field (Efb (7 MV/cm due to a decrease in the trap charge density and an improvement in the interfacial properties. However, when the RTA temperature reaches 600 °C or higher, a lower Efb value (1.2 MV/cm is obtained due to leakage routes generated by the crystallization of La2O3. Based on our results, we conclude that the ideal choice for the RTA temperature is 500 °C.

Transient spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in classic MEWDS: a case report

OpenAIRE

Luciana Castro Lavigne; David Leonardo Cruvinel Isaac; José Osório Duarte Júnior; Marcos Pereira de Ávila

2014-01-01

O propósito deste estudo é descrever o caso de um paciente com síndrome dos múltiplos pontos brancos evanescentes (MEWDS), apresentando achados retinianos clássicos e alterações transitórias na anatomia retiniana externa. Paciente do sexo masculino, 20 anos de idade, apresentando embaçamento visual no olho esquerdo, relatando sintomas gripais uma semana antes do início dos sintomas visuais. Fundoscopia do olho esquerdo revelou granularidade fo...

Análisis de la ubicación vertical y profundización del pin frontal en cirugía ortognática Analysis of the vertical position and depth of the external pin in orthognatic surgery

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Solé

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Al reposicionar verticalmente el maxilar es necesario contar con un aditamento externo llamado pin, que permite realizar las mediciones durante la cirugía, y así movilizar el maxilar según lo planificado. Los sitios más utilizados para introducir el pin son el nasion y glabela, pero ¿cuál de estos es el ideal?, siendo ideal aquella zona que de mayor retención, estabilidad y menor posibilidad de complicaciones. Objetivo: Analizar desde un punto de vista anatómico el mejor sitio para la introducción del pin, y proponer una ubicación única universal tanto en sentido vertical como sagital, utilizable para todo tipo de paciente. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio exploratorio, seleccionando al azar 99 pacientes de edad entre los 21 a los 27 años, todos estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad de los Andes Santiago de Chile, a los cuales se les efectuó una radiografía de perfil, midiendo el grosor de tejido óseo y blando a nivel del nasion y glabela. Se dividió a los pacientes por sexo y biotipo con el fin de evaluar similitudes en las mediciones de grosores. Resultados: Se encontró gran diferencia de los grosores en los distintos grupos tanto en nasion como en glabela. Se determinó un mayor grosor de tejido óseo y blando a nivel de nasion, resultando un grosor mínimo total de 13,83mm en nasion y 6,37mm en glabela. Conclusión: Debido al gran margen de grosores es muy difícil determinar un valor único estándar en la introducción del pin, considerando como sitio de elección el nasion.Introduction: To vertically reposition the maxilla it is necessary to have an attachment called the external pin, which allows for measurements to be taken during surgery. The sites most often used to insert the pin are the nasion and glabella, but the question remains as to which of these two sites is the optimum as regards increased retention, stability, and less chance of intraoperative and postoperative complications

Rapid thermal annealing of InAs/GaAs quantum dots under a GaAs proximity cap

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Babinski, Adam; Jasinski, J.; Bozek, R.; Szepielow, A.; Baranowski, J. M.

2001-01-01

The effect of postgrowth rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on GaAs proximity-capped structures with self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) is investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL). As can be seen from the TEM images, QDs increase their lateral sizes with increasing annealing temperature (up to 700 C). QDs cannot be distinguished after RTA at temperature 800 C or higher, and substantial thickening of the wetting layer can be seen instead. The main PL peak blueshifts as a result of RTA. We propose that in the as-grown sample as well, as in samples annealed at temperatures up to 700 C, the peak is due to the QDs. After RTA at 800 C and higher the PL peak is due to a modified wetting layer. Relatively fast dissolution of QDs is explained in terms of strain-induced lateral Ga/In interdiffusion. It is proposed that such a process may be of importance in proximity-capped RTA, when no group-III vacancy formation takes place at the sample/capping interface

DataComm in Flight Deck Surface Trajectory-Based Operations

Science.gov (United States)

Bakowski, Deborah L.; Foyle, David C.; Hooey, Becky L.; Meyer, Glenn R.; Wolter, Cynthia A.

2012-01-01

The purpose of this pilot-in-the-loop aircraft taxi simulation was to evaluate a NextGen concept for surface trajectory-based operations (STBO) in which air traffic control (ATC) issued taxi clearances with a required time of arrival (RTA) by Data Communications (DataComm). Flight deck avionics, driven by an error-nulling algorithm, displayed the speed needed to meet the RTA. To ensure robustness of the algorithm, the ability of 10 two-pilot crews to meet the RTA was tested in nine experimental trials representing a range of realistic conditions including a taxi route change, an RTA change, a departure clearance change, and a crossing traffic hold scenario. In some trials, these DataComm taxi clearances or clearance modifications were accompanied by 'preview' information, in which the airport map display showed a preview of the proposed route changes, including the necessary speed to meet the RTA. Overall, the results of this study show that with the aid of the RTA speed algorithm, pilots were able to meet their RTAs with very little time error in all of the robustness-testing scenarios. Results indicated that when taxi clearance changes were issued by DataComm only, pilots required longer notification distances than with voice communication. However, when the DataComm was accompanied by graphical preview, the notification distance required by pilots was equivalent to that for voice.

DataComm in Flight Deck Surface Trajectory-Based Operations. Chapter 20

Science.gov (United States)

Bakowski, Deborah L.; Foyle, David C.; Hooey, Becky L.; Meyer, Glenn R.; Wolter, Cynthia A.

2012-01-01

The purpose of this pilot-in-the-loop aircraft taxi simulation was to evaluate a NextGen concept for surface trajectory-based operations (STBO) in which air traffic control (ATC) issued taxi clearances with a required time of arrival (RTA) by Data Communications (DataComm). Flight deck avionics, driven by an error-nulling algorithm, displayed the speed needed to meet the RTA. To ensure robustness of the algorithm, the ability of 10 two-pilot crews to meet the RTA was tested in nine experimental trials representing a range of realistic conditions including a taxi route change, an RTA change, a departure clearance change, and a crossing traffic hold scenario. In some trials, these DataComm taxi clearances or clearance modifications were accompanied by preview information, in which the airport map display showed a preview of the proposed route changes, including the necessary speed to meet the RTA. Overall, the results of this study show that with the aid of the RTA speed algorithm, pilots were able to meet their RTAs with very little time error in all of the robustness-testing scenarios. Results indicated that when taxi clearance changes were issued by DataComm only, pilots required longer notification distances than with voice communication. However, when the DataComm was accompanied by graphical preview, the notification distance required by pilots was equivalent to that for voice.

Prediction of the binding affinities of peptides to class II MHC using a regularized thermodynamic model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mittelmann Hans D

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The binding of peptide fragments of extracellular peptides to class II MHC is a crucial event in the adaptive immune response. Each MHC allotype generally binds a distinct subset of peptides and the enormous number of possible peptide epitopes prevents their complete experimental characterization. Computational methods can utilize the limited experimental data to predict the binding affinities of peptides to class II MHC. Results We have developed the Regularized Thermodynamic Average, or RTA, method for predicting the affinities of peptides binding to class II MHC. RTA accounts for all possible peptide binding conformations using a thermodynamic average and includes a parameter constraint for regularization to improve accuracy on novel data. RTA was shown to achieve higher accuracy, as measured by AUC, than SMM-align on the same data for all 17 MHC allotypes examined. RTA also gave the highest accuracy on all but three allotypes when compared with results from 9 different prediction methods applied to the same data. In addition, the method correctly predicted the peptide binding register of 17 out of 18 peptide-MHC complexes. Finally, we found that suboptimal peptide binding registers, which are often ignored in other prediction methods, made significant contributions of at least 50% of the total binding energy for approximately 20% of the peptides. Conclusions The RTA method accurately predicts peptide binding affinities to class II MHC and accounts for multiple peptide binding registers while reducing overfitting through regularization. The method has potential applications in vaccine design and in understanding autoimmune disorders. A web server implementing the RTA prediction method is available at http://bordnerlab.org/RTA/.

Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder among road traffic accident survivors: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Wanli; Gong, Lina; Xia, Miaojuan; Dai, Wenjie

2018-01-01

Involvement in road traffic accidents (RTAs) may put individuals at increased risk for a wide range of psychiatric disorders, among which posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) presents a public health issue. However, a great disparity was observed among studies exploring the prevalence of PTSD among RTA survivors. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the pooled prevalence of PTSD among RTA survivors. Electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched to identify relevant studies. Study selection and data extraction were conducted independently by 2 investigators, and a meta-analysis was performed to synthesize the data. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using the Cochran Q test and quantified using the I statistic. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of the heterogeneity. The possibility of publication bias was assessed using Egger linear test. Fifteen eligible studies containing 6804 RTA survivors were identified in this meta-analysis, of which 1489 were identified with PTSD. The pooled prevalence of PTSD among RTA survivors was 22.25% (95% confidence interval: 16.71%-28.33%). A high degree of heterogeneity was observed across studies (I = 97.1%, P < .001), with reported PTSD prevalence ranging from 6.3% to 58.3%. Subgroup analyses found that the prevalence of PTSD among RTA survivors varied significantly across studies in relation to the instrument used to assess PTSD, country, race, gender, and education level (P < .05). The high pooled prevalence of PTSD among RTA survivors found in this study significantly underscores the need for providing timely and effective intervention strategies for RTA survivors. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Molecular beam epitaxy growth of In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As metamorphic high electron mobility transistor employing growth interruption and in situ rapid thermal annealing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ihn, Soo-Ghang; Jo, Seong June; Song, Jong-In

2006-01-01

We investigated the effects of high temperature (∼700 deg. C) in situ rapid thermal annealing (RTA) carried out during growth interruption between spacer and δ-doping layers of an In 0.52 Al 0.48 As/In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As metamorphic high electron mobility transistor (MHEMT) grown on a compositionally graded InGaAlAs buffer layer. The in situ RTA improved optical and structural properties of the MHEMT without degradation of transport property, while postgrowth RTA improved the structural property of the MHEMT but significantly degraded mobility due to the defect-assisted Si diffusion. The results indicate the potential of the in situ RTA for use in the growth of high-quality metamorphic epitaxial layers for optoelectronic applications requiring improved optical and electrical properties

Effects of rapid thermal annealing on the optical and electrical properties of InN epilayers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shu, G W; Wu, P F; Liu, Y W; Wang, J S; Shen, J L; Lin, T Y; Pong, P J; Chi, G C; Chang, H J; Chen, Y F; Lee, Y C

2006-01-01

We studied the optical and electrical properties of InN epilayers with rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The intensity of the photoluminescence (PL) and the carrier mobility were found to increase as the temperature of RTA was increased. We suggest that the formation of compensating acceptors (indium vacancies) after RTA is responsible for the improvement of the quality in InN. The dependence of the PL emission peak on carrier concentration provides a possible method for estimating the carrier concentration in degenerate InN. (letter to the editor)

A novel Nrf2 activator from microbial transformation inhibits radiation-induced dermatitis in mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakagami, Yasuhiro; Masuda, Kayoko

2016-01-01

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcriptional factor that regulates many antioxidants, and we have recently succeeded in obtaining a novel Nrf2 activator, RS9, from microbial transformation. RS9 is categorized as a triterpenoid, and well-known triterpenoids such as RTA 402 (bardoxolone methyl) and RTA 408 have been tested in clinical trials. RTA 408 lotion is currently being tested in patients at risk for radiation dermatitis. This prompted us to study the profiles of RS9 in the skin. All the above triterpenoids increased the level of an Nrf2-targeted gene, NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase-1, in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Among them, the activity of RS9 was prominent; furthermore, the cellular toxicity was less compared with RTA compounds. BALB/c mice were irradiated with 30 Gy/day on Day 0, and compounds were topically applied on the back once daily from Day 1 to Day 30. Dermatitis scores peaked on Day 18, with a score of 2.6 in vehicle-treated mice, and topical applications of 0.1% RTA 402, RTA 408 and RS9 reduced the scores to 1.8, 2.0 and 1.4, respectively. Moreover, the percentage of animals with scores ≥2 was analyzed, and 0.1% RS9 suppressed the percentage from 100% to 47%. These results imply that RS9 has potential efficacy for treating radiation dermatitis.

Ricin Trafficking in Cells

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robert A. Spooner

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The heterodimeric plant toxin ricin binds exposed galactosyls at the cell surface of target mammalian cells, and, following endocytosis, is transported in vesicular carriers to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER. Subsequently, the cell-binding B chain (RTB and the catalytic A chain (RTA are separated reductively, RTA embeds in the ER membrane and then retrotranslocates (or dislocates across this membrane. The protein conducting channels used by RTA are usually regarded as part of the ER-associated protein degradation system (ERAD that removes misfolded proteins from the ER for destruction by the cytosolic proteasomes. However, unlike ERAD substrates, cytosolic RTA avoids destruction and folds into a catalytic conformation that inactivates its target ribosomes. Protein synthesis ceases, and subsequently the cells die apoptotically. This raises questions about how this protein avoids the pathways that are normally sanctioned for ER-dislocating substrates. In this review we focus on the molecular events that occur with non-tagged ricin and its isolated subunits at the ER–cytosol interface. This focus reveals that intra-membrane interactions of RTA may control its fate, an area that warrants further investigation.

Autoimmune Hepatitis with Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis and Small Bowel Partial Malrotation.

Science.gov (United States)

Kanaiyalal Modi, Tejas; Parikh, Hardik; Sadalge, Abhishek; Gupte, Amit; Bhatt, Pratin; Shukla, Akash

2015-01-01

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is not uncommon in patient with chronic autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), but usually remains latent. Here, we report a case of renal tubular acidosis RTA who presented with AIH. She was also diagnosed to have partial bowel malrotation. A 9-year-old girl, a case of distal RTA, presented with jaundice, abdominal distension and altered sensorium. She was diagnosed to be AIH, which was successfully treated with steroids and azathioprine. Coexistent midgut partial malrotation with volvulus was diagnosed during the treatment. She was treated successfully with anti-tuberculous treatment for cervical lymphadenitis. Autoimmune hepatitis should not be ruled out in each case of RTA presenting with jaundice. Modi TK, Parikh H, Sadalge A, Gupte A, Bhatt P, Shukla A. Autoimmune Hepatitis with Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis and Small Bowel Partial Malrotation. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2015;5(2):107-109.

168 Intervenciones de Desprendimiento de Retina: La Exploración Clínica en la Indicación Quirúrgica y en los Resultados.

OpenAIRE

Ortiz García, Ramón

2017-01-01

Históricamente, el tratamiento del Desprendimiento de Retina puede ser dividido en dos épocas: la anterior a Gonin y otra después de Gonin. En los años en que Gonin (1925-1928) hablo de una técnica operatoria para la oclusión de los desgarros y agujeros retinianos por la formación de una adhesión coriorretiniana, había poca o ninguna esperanza de tratamiento feliz. Como suele ocurrir en estas circunstacnias, un gran númer...

The value of Retrospective and Concurrent Think Aloud in formative usability testing of a physician data query tool.

Science.gov (United States)

Peute, Linda W P; de Keizer, Nicolette F; Jaspers, Monique W M

2015-06-01

To compare the performance of the Concurrent (CTA) and Retrospective (RTA) Think Aloud method and to assess their value in a formative usability evaluation of an Intensive Care Registry-physician data query tool designed to support ICU quality improvement processes. Sixteen representative intensive care physicians participated in the usability evaluation study. Subjects were allocated to either the CTA or RTA method by a matched randomized design. Each subject performed six usability-testing tasks of varying complexity in the query tool in a real-working context. Methods were compared with regard to number and type of problems detected. Verbal protocols of CTA and RTA were analyzed in depth to assess differences in verbal output. Standardized measures were applied to assess thoroughness in usability problem detection weighted per problem severity level and method overall effectiveness in detecting usability problems with regard to the time subjects spent per method. The usability evaluation of the data query tool revealed a total of 43 unique usability problems that the intensive care physicians encountered. CTA detected unique usability problems with regard to graphics/symbols, navigation issues, error messages, and the organization of information on the query tool's screens. RTA detected unique issues concerning system match with subjects' language and applied terminology. The in-depth verbal protocol analysis of CTA provided information on intensive care physicians' query design strategies. Overall, CTA performed significantly better than RTA in detecting usability problems. CTA usability problem detection effectiveness was 0.80 vs. 0.62 (pusability problems of a moderate (0.85 vs. 0.7) and severe nature (0.71 vs. 0.57). In this study, the CTA is more effective in usability-problem detection and provided clarification of intensive care physician query design strategies to inform redesign of the query tool. However, CTA does not outperform RTA. The RTA

75 FR 4619 - Intent to Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement on Transportation Improvements Within the...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-28

... the constraints placed on it by RTA's financial capacities. Financial plans are suggesting that RTA... Impact Statement on Transportation Improvements Within the Blue-Line Corridor in Shaker Heights and... Transportation. ACTION: Notice of Intent to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement. SUMMARY: The Federal...

Real time alert system: a disease management system leveraging health information exchange.

Science.gov (United States)

Anand, Vibha; Sheley, Meena E; Xu, Shawn; Downs, Stephen M

2012-01-01

Rates of preventive and disease management services can be improved by providing automated alerts and reminders to primary care providers (PCPs) using of health information technology (HIT) tools. Using Adaptive Turnaround Documents (ATAD), an existing Health Information Exchange (HIE) infrastructure and office fax machines, we developed a Real Time Alert (RTA) system. RTA is a computerized decision support system (CDSS) that is able to deliver alerts to PCPs statewide for recommended services around the time of the patient visit. RTA is also able to capture structured clinical data from providers using existing fax technology. In this study, we evaluate RTA's performance for alerting PCPs when their patients with asthma have an emergency room visit anywhere in the state. Our results show that RTA was successfully able to deliver "just in time" patient-relevant alerts to PCPs across the state. Furthermore, of those ATADs faxed back and automatically interpreted by the RTA system, 35% reported finding the provided information helpful. The PCPs who reported finding information helpful also reported making a phone call, sending a letter or seeing the patient for follow up care. We have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of electronically exchanging important patient related information with the PCPs statewide. This is despite a lack of a link with their electronic health records. We have shown that using our ATAD technology, a PCP can be notified quickly of an important event such as a patient's asthma related emergency room admission so further follow up can happen in near real time.

Pathophysiology of incomplete renal tubular acidosis in recurrent renal stone formers: evidence of disturbed calcium, bone and citrate metabolism

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Osther, P J; Bollerslev, Jens; Hansen, A B

1993-01-01

Urinary acidification, bone metabolism and urinary excretion of calcium and citrate were evaluated in 10 recurrent stone formers with incomplete renal tubular acidosis (iRTA), 10 recurrent stone formers with normal urinary acidification (NUA) and 10 normal controls (NC). Patients with iRTA had...

WAJM 28(3)FINAL6cd.pmd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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This was mainly secondary to the road traffic accident (RTA). Malignant neoplasms were the second most common ... (1.9%) had external carotid artery ligation. Eleven patients. (10.4%) received blood transfusion. ... ORL, Otorhinolaryngology; RTA, Road Traffic Accident. RÉSUMÉ. CONTEXTE: Epistaxis est une urgence ...

Shift in room-temperature photoluminescence of low-fluence Si+-implanted SiO2 films subjected to rapid thermal annealing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fu Mingyue; Tsai, J.-H.; Yang, C.-F.; Liao, C.-H.

2008-01-01

We experimentally demonstrate the effect of the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in nitrogen flow on photoluminescence (PL) of SiO 2 films implanted by different doses of Si + ions. Room-temperature PL from 400-nm-thick SiO 2 films implanted to a dose of 3x10 16 cm -2 shifted from 2.1 to 1.7 eV upon increasing RTA temperature (950-1150 deg. C) and duration (5-20 s). The reported approach of implanting silicon into SiO 2 films followed by RTA may be effective for tuning Si-based photonic devices.

Shift in room-temperature photoluminescence of low-fluence Si{sup +}-implanted SiO{sub 2} films subjected to rapid thermal annealing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mingyue, Fu [Department of Avionics Engineering, Air Force Academy, Kangshan, Kaohsiung 820, Taiwan (China); Tsai, J -H [Department of Mathematics and Physics, Air Force Academy, Kangshan, Kaohsiung 820, Taiwan (China); Yang, C -F [Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University, Nan-Tzu District, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan (China); Liao, C.-H. [Department of Physics, Chinese Military Academy, Fengshan, Kaohsiung 830, Taiwan (China)], E-mail: fumy@cc.cafa.edu.tw

2008-12-15

We experimentally demonstrate the effect of the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in nitrogen flow on photoluminescence (PL) of SiO{sub 2} films implanted by different doses of Si{sup +} ions. Room-temperature PL from 400-nm-thick SiO{sub 2} films implanted to a dose of 3x10{sup 16} cm{sup -2} shifted from 2.1 to 1.7 eV upon increasing RTA temperature (950-1150 deg. C) and duration (5-20 s). The reported approach of implanting silicon into SiO{sub 2} films followed by RTA may be effective for tuning Si-based photonic devices.

Screening renal stone formers for distal renal tubular acidosis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Osther, P J; Hansen, A B; Røhl, H F

1989-01-01

A group of 110 consecutive renal stone formers were screened for distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) using morning fasting urinary pH (mfUpH) levels followed by a short ammonium chloride loading test in patients with levels above 6.0. In 14 patients (12.7%) a renal acidification defect was noted...... RTA in renal stone formers. Regardless of whether the acidification defect is primary or secondary to stone formation, however, all renal stone formers with distal RTA can expect to benefit from prophylactic alkaline therapy and it is recommended that the screening procedure, which is easy to use...

Novel Class of Potential Therapeutics that Target Ricin Retrograde Translocation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Veronika Redmann

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Ricin toxin, an A-B toxin from Ricinus communis, induces cell death through the inhibition of protein synthesis. The toxin binds to the cell surface via its B chain (RTB followed by its retrograde trafficking through intracellular compartments to the ER where the A chain (RTA is transported across the membrane and into the cytosol. Ricin A chain is transported across the ER membrane utilizing cellular proteins involved in the disposal of aberrant ER proteins by a process referred to as retrograde translocation. Given the current lack of therapeutics against ricin intoxication, we developed a high-content screen using an enzymatically attenuated RTA chimera engineered with a carboxy-terminal enhanced green fluorescent protein (RTAE177Qegfp to identify compounds that target RTA retrograde translocation. Stabilizing RTAE177Qegfp through the inclusion of proteasome inhibitor produced fluorescent peri-nuclear granules. Quantitative analysis of the fluorescent granules provided the basis to discover compounds from a small chemical library (2080 compounds with known bioactive properties. Strikingly, the screen found compounds that stabilized RTA molecules within the cell and several compounds limited the ability of wild type RTA to suppress protein synthesis. Collectively, a robust high-content screen was developed to discover novel compounds that stabilize intracellular ricin and limit ricin intoxication.

Evaluación de herramientas de simulación y estudio de las preferencias del color en daltónicos dicrómatas

OpenAIRE

Álvaro Llorente, Leticia

2016-01-01

Los observadores con visión normal del color (tricrómatas normales) poseen tres tipos de conos retinianos, que responden máximamente a las longitudes de onda larga (conos L), media (M) y corta (S). Los dicromatismos rojo-verde son alteraciones genéticas de la visión del color en las que, aparte del fotopigmento presente en los conos S, únicamente existe otro tipo de fotopigmento, el que contienen los conos L (deuteranopia) o M (protanopia). Afectan a un 2% de los varones y conllevan una discr...

Road safety in India: A Public Health Concern

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shradha S Parsekar

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Road traffic accident (RTA is one of the major preventable public health problems and is on the rise which can be attributed to increase in the number of vehicles and lifestyle changes and risky attitudes. This paper is intended to search for available published information which in turn might help the policy makers as well as practitioners to make use of it. Methods: The information has been gathered from papers related to RTAs from various databases such as PubMed, Google scholar, government websites to get an overview in India for the last 15 years. Result and Conclusion: The burden of RTA was found to be considerably high globally as well as in India. RTA causes a number of effects which can be: economical, physical, psychological and social. The burden of RTA is on the rise which makes it necessary to take a multi-sectoral approach in its prevention and control

RELACIONES INJERTO-INTERINJERTO Y CARACTERÍSTICAS ANATÓMICAS Y FISIOLÓGICAS DE LA HOJA DE CUATRO GENOTIPOS DE AGUACATE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Ayala-Arreola

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó la influencia del interinjerto en las características fisiológicas y anatómicas de la hoja de aguacate 'Hass', 'Fuerte', 'Colín V-33' y 'Duke 7' utilizados como interinjertos e injertos finales. En la lámina foliar se determinó la densidad estomática, densidad de células epidérmicas, índice estomático y diámetro polar del estoma. En cortes transversales de la vena central y del pecíolo de la hoja se evaluó: área, perímetro, longitud del eje mayor y menor, índice de redondez y diámetro Feret en vasos del xilema. En cortes transversales de hoja, se evaluó: el grosor de la epidermis superior e inferior y del parénquima en empalizada I. Las variables fisiológicas evaluadas fueron: tasa de asimilación de CO2, conductancia estomática, concentración interna de CO2, resistencia estomática, tasa de transpiración y temperatura de la hoja. 'Colín V-33' como interinjerto promovió la mayor densidad estomática, mayor densidad de células epidérmicas y grosor de la capa de parénquima en empalizada I. En la comparación intra genotipos se encontró que 'Hass' y 'Fuerte' con interinjerto incrementaron en 18.8 y 17.8 % el número de estomas, mientras que en 'Duke 7' disminuyó en un 25.4 %. La densidad de células epidérmicas se incrementó de manera significativa en 'Fuerte' (23.3 % con la presencia del interinjerto. 'Fuerte' y 'Duke 7' con interinjerto incrementaron significativamente el grosor de la epidermis inferior en 14.9 y 12.1 %, respectivamente, mientras que 'Duke 7', 'Hass' y 'Colín V-33' con interinjerto disminuyeron el grosor de epidermis inferior en 19.5 y 1.0 %. Se encontró que 'Hass' como interinjerto promovió la tasa de asimilación neta de CO2 más alta, siendo diferente 'Duke 7'. Para resistencia estomática le correspondió el menor valor a 'Colín V-33' y presentó diferencias con 'Duke 7'.

Technical Work Plan for: Near Field Environment: Engineered System: Radionuclide Transport Abstraction Model Report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

J.D. Schreiber

2006-12-08

This technical work plan (TWP) describes work activities to be performed by the Near-Field Environment Team. The objective of the work scope covered by this TWP is to generate Revision 03 of EBS Radionuclide Transport Abstraction, referred to herein as the radionuclide transport abstraction (RTA) report. The RTA report is being revised primarily to address condition reports (CRs), to address issues identified by the Independent Validation Review Team (IVRT), to address the potential impact of transport, aging, and disposal (TAD) canister design on transport models, and to ensure integration with other models that are closely associated with the RTA report and being developed or revised in other analysis/model reports in response to IVRT comments. The RTA report will be developed in accordance with the most current version of LP-SIII.10Q-BSC and will reflect current administrative procedures (LP-3.15Q-BSC, ''Managing Technical Product Inputs''; LP-SIII.2Q-BSC, ''Qualification of Unqualified Data''; etc.), and will develop related Document Input Reference System (DIRS) reports and data qualifications as applicable in accordance with prevailing procedures. The RTA report consists of three models: the engineered barrier system (EBS) flow model, the EBS transport model, and the EBS-unsaturated zone (UZ) interface model. The flux-splitting submodel in the EBS flow model will change, so the EBS flow model will be validated again. The EBS transport model and validation of the model will be substantially revised in Revision 03 of the RTA report, which is the main subject of this TWP. The EBS-UZ interface model may be changed in Revision 03 of the RTA report due to changes in the conceptualization of the UZ transport abstraction model (a particle tracker transport model based on the discrete fracture transfer function will be used instead of the dual-continuum transport model previously used). Validation of the EBS-UZ interface model

Technical Work Plan for: Near Field Environment: Engineered Barrier System: Radionuclide Transport Abstraction Model Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

J.D. Schreiber

2006-01-01

This technical work plan (TWP) describes work activities to be performed by the Near-Field Environment Team. The objective of the work scope covered by this TWP is to generate Revision 03 of EBS Radionuclide Transport Abstraction, referred to herein as the radionuclide transport abstraction (RTA) report. The RTA report is being revised primarily to address condition reports (CRs), to address issues identified by the Independent Validation Review Team (IVRT), to address the potential impact of transport, aging, and disposal (TAD) canister design on transport models, and to ensure integration with other models that are closely associated with the RTA report and being developed or revised in other analysis/model reports in response to IVRT comments. The RTA report will be developed in accordance with the most current version of LP-SIII.10Q-BSC and will reflect current administrative procedures (LP-3.15Q-BSC, ''Managing Technical Product Inputs''; LP-SIII.2Q-BSC, ''Qualification of Unqualified Data''; etc.), and will develop related Document Input Reference System (DIRS) reports and data qualifications as applicable in accordance with prevailing procedures. The RTA report consists of three models: the engineered barrier system (EBS) flow model, the EBS transport model, and the EBS-unsaturated zone (UZ) interface model. The flux-splitting submodel in the EBS flow model will change, so the EBS flow model will be validated again. The EBS transport model and validation of the model will be substantially revised in Revision 03 of the RTA report, which is the main subject of this TWP. The EBS-UZ interface model may be changed in Revision 03 of the RTA report due to changes in the conceptualization of the UZ transport abstraction model (a particle tracker transport model based on the discrete fracture transfer function will be used instead of the dual-continuum transport model previously used). Validation of the EBS-UZ interface model will be revised to be consistent with

Complicated pregnancies in inherited distal renal tubular acidosis: importance of acid-base balance.

Science.gov (United States)

Seeger, Harald; Salfeld, Peter; Eisel, Rüdiger; Wagner, Carsten A; Mohebbi, Nilufar

2017-06-01

Inherited distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is caused by impaired urinary acid excretion resulting in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Although the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is usually preserved, and hypertension and overt proteinuria are absent, it has to be considered that patients with dRTA also suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD) with an increased risk for adverse pregnancy-related outcomes. Typical complications of dRTA include severe hypokalemia leading to cardiac arrhythmias and paralysis, nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. Several physiologic changes occur in normal pregnancy including alterations in acid-base and electrolyte homeostasis as well as in GFR. However, data on pregnancy in women with inherited dRTA are scarce. We report the course of pregnancy in three women with hereditary dRTA. Complications observed were severe metabolic acidosis, profound hypokalemia aggravated by hyperemesis gravidarum, recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and ureteric obstruction leading to renal failure. However, the outcome of all five pregnancies (1 pregnancy each for mothers n. 1 and 2; 3 pregnancies for mother n. 3) was excellent due to timely interventions. Our findings highlight the importance of close nephrologic monitoring of women with inherited dRTA during pregnancy. In addition to routine assessment of creatinine and proteinuria, caregivers should especially focus on acid-base status, plasma potassium and urinary tract infections. Patients should be screened for renal obstruction in the case of typical symptoms, UTI or renal failure. Furthermore, genetic identification of the underlying mutation may (a) support early nephrologic referral during pregnancy and a better management of the affected woman, and (b) help to avoid delayed diagnosis and reduce complications in affected newborns.

Clinical and etiological profile of refractory rickets from western India.

Science.gov (United States)

Joshi, Rajesh R; Patil, Shailesh; Rao, Sudha

2013-07-01

To present clinical and etiological profile of refractory rickets from Mumbai. Case records of 36 patients presenting over 2½ y with refractory rickets were evaluated with respect to clinical presentation, biochemical, radiological features and where needed, ophthalmological examination, ultrasonography and special tests on blood and urine. Twenty three (63 %) patients had renal tubular acidosis (RTA)-distal RTA in 20 and proximal RTA in 3 patients; 5 (14 %) had vitamin D dependent rickets (VDDR I in 2 and VDDR II in 3 patients), 4 (11 %) had chronic renal failure (CRF) and 2 each (6 %) had hypophosphatemic rickets and chronic liver disease as cause of refractory rickets. A significant proportion of patients with RTA and VDDR showed skeletal changes of rickets in the first 2 y of life, while those with hypophosphatemic rickets presented later. Patients with hypophosphatemic rickets had predominant involvement of lower limbs, normal blood calcium and PTH levels and phosphorus leak in urine. All patients with RTA presented with failure to thrive, polyuria and marked rickets; blood alkaline phosphatase levels being normal in almost 50 % patients. Three (75 %) patients with rickets due to CRF had GFR rickets inspite of taking high dose of vitamin D orally. Refractory rickets is a disorder of multiple etiologies; a good history and clinical examination supplemented with appropriate investigations helps to determine its cause.

A case report on ATP6V0A4 gene mutation: Forecast of familial ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... screening of recessive forms of dRTA independent of hearing status and offer suitable intervention to treat dRTA as well as diminish the influence of SNHL on the child's learning and communication in daily life. Keywords: Renal tubular acidosis, Homeostasis, Electrolytes, Hearing impairment, ATP6V0A4 gene, Mutation ...

Road traffic accidents: a lifetime financial blow the victim cripples under

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Preeti Verma

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Introduction: WHO states that the proportion of deaths and casualty registrations of RTA cases represents only the tip of the iceberg. A similar tip of the iceberg phenomenon exists between the visible expenses incurred due to the accidents and the much larger invisible losses are there that imperceptibly disable the family budget. Objective: (1 To estimate the total expenditure on treatment of RTA cases  and its proportion to their monthly family income on treatment.(2 To estimate the loss of wages of  RTA cases and project the other losses.(3 To enquire reimbursement of losses of RTA cases. Materials and methods: A hospital based cross sectional study, conducted at ED and Hospital of S.N. Medical College, Agra. Data were collected by using semi structured questionnaire from RTA cases or their attendants. Results: Out of 425 admitted RTA cases, 318 (74.8% had spent Rs > 5,000 on the treatment and 304(71.5% had lost their wages Rs >1, 000.  73.2% had incurred hospital expenses from 1to10 times or even more of their monthly family income. About 1/4th cases recovered completely and 64.01% recovered with temporary physical deficit. 3.5% had health insurance. 75.8% cases had remained hospitalized for more than1 week or up to a month duration and a strong positive correlation (r = 0.83 was found between the length of stay in the hospital and the amount spent on the treatment. Conclusion: The financial assault suffered by the road traffic accident cases and their families even if they are treated in Government Hospital are so huge that cannot be ignored.

Espironolactona vía oral en coriorretinopatía serosa central crónica: reporte de un caso

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Othón García Pérez

2016-09-01

En este caso con coriorretinopatía serosa central crónica la terapia antimineralocorticoide con espironolactona vía oral demuestra buenos resultados anatómicos y visuales, al disminuir de manera significativa la cantidad de líquido subfoveal y el grosor macular central, mejorando la agudeza visual mejor corregida sin efectos colaterales.

The public health threat of road traffic accidents in Nigeria: A call to ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Do RTA constitute a public health problem in Nigeria? If so, is there a pragmatic approach to combat this problem? A systematic literature search using the advanced features of various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google, and directory of open access journals was carried out using the key words “ RTA, ...

Promoter switching allows simultaneous transcription of LANA and K14/vGPCR of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Staudt, Michelle R.; Dittmer, Dirk P.

2006-01-01

Latent transcription of the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA/ORF73) of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is driven by the LANAp-c. Complexity arises during lytic reactivation, however, as the bicistronic K14/vGPCR transcript initiates 32 bp downstream of LANAp-c in the opposite orientation. We identify an Rta/ORF50-inducible LANA promoter (LANAp-i) that is distinct from the LANAp-c. LANAp-c is unaffected by Rta/ORF50. Utilization of the second, downstream LANAp-i explains how LANA and K14/vGPCR are simultaneously transcribed during de novo infection or lytic reactivation. Transactivation of LANAp-i and K14/vGPCRp requires the C-terminal activation domain of Rta/ORF50 and is mediated by DNA-binding-dependent and -independent Rta/ORF50 mechanisms. Transcriptional profiling following viral reactivation support promoter reporter phenotypes. In sum, cis-elements within the LANAp were selected to ensure faithful expression of LANA and other genes regulated by LANAp during all stages of the KSHV lifecycle despite potential interference from K14/vGPCRp activity

Regional anesthesia is safe and effective for lower limb orthopedic surgery in patient with renal tubular acidosis and hypokalemia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Indira Gurajala

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Renal tubular acidosis (RTA with hypokalemia may precipitate acute respiratory failure and potentially fatal arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation. Though there are random reports of respiratory failure needing mechanical ventilation and sudden death in patients with RTA and hypokalemia, the anesthetic management of these patients has not been clearly elucidated. Acidosis and hypokalemia have significant interactions with both general and local anesthetics and alter their effect substantially. Proper preoperative planning and optimization are required for the safe conduct of anesthesia in this subset of patients. We describe a case of distal RTA, hypokalemia, and metabolic bone disease in whom central neuraxial anesthesia was effectively used for lower limb orthopedic surgery with no complications.

Rapid thermal annealing of phosphorus implanted silicon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Y.H.; Pogany, A.; Harrison, H.B.; Williams, J.S.

1985-01-01

Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of phosphorus-implanted silicon has been investigated by four point probe, Van der Pauw methods and transmission electron microscopy. The results have been compared to furnace annealing. Experiments show that RTA, even at temperatures as low as 605 deg C, results in good electrical properties with little remnant damage and compares favourably with furnace annealing

Toxicity of ricin A chain is reduced in mammalian cells by inhibiting its interaction with the ribosome

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jetzt, Amanda E. [Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520 (United States); Li, Xiao-Ping; Tumer, Nilgun E. [Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520 (United States); Cohick, Wendie S., E-mail: cohick@aesop.rutgers.edu [Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520 (United States)

2016-11-01

Ricin is a potent ribotoxin that is considered a bioterror threat due to its ease of isolation and possibility of aerosolization. In yeast, mutation of arginine residues away from the active site results in a ricin toxin A chain (RTA) variant that is unable to bind the ribosome and exhibits reduced cytotoxicity. The goal of the present work was to determine if these residues contribute to ribosome binding and cytotoxicity of RTA in mammalian cells. The RTA mutant R193A/R235A did not interact with mammalian ribosomes, while a G212E variant with a point mutation near its active site bound ribosomes similarly to wild-type (WT) RTA. R193A/R235A retained full catalytic activity on naked RNA but had reduced activity on mammalian ribosomes. To determine the effect of this mutant in intact cells, pre R193A/R235A containing a signal sequence directing it to the endoplasmic reticulum and mature R193A/R235A that directly targeted cytosolic ribosomes were each expressed. Depurination and protein synthesis inhibition were reduced by both pre- and mature R193A/R235A relative to WT. Protein synthesis inhibition was reduced to a greater extent by R193A/R235A than by G212E. Pre R193A/R235A caused a greater reduction in caspase activation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential than G212E relative to WT RTA. These findings indicate that an RTA variant with reduced ribosome binding is less toxic than a variant with less catalytic activity but normal ribosome binding activity. The toxin-ribosome interaction represents a novel target for the development of therapeutics to prevent or treat ricin intoxication. - Highlights: • Arginines 193 and 235 of RTA are critical for binding to the mammalian ribosome. • R193A/R235A has full catalytic activity on RNA but not on mammalian ribosomes. • R193A/R235A is less toxic than a mutant that targets the active site. • The toxin-ribosome interaction is a therapeutic target for ricin intoxication.

Correlates of road traffic accident in cases attending IIR hospital Kanpur

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shibajee Debbarma

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Globally, road traffic accidents rank 8th among the leading causes of death. According to WHO data, deaths from road traffic injuries account for around 25% of all deaths from injury.Objective: To study the various correlates of road traffic accident in cases attending LLR Hospital, Kanpur.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among road traffic accident cases attending Emergency Ward of Lala Lajpat Rai Hospital, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh during the period of March-September, 2015. Data was recorded in a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0.Results: Out of 609 RTA cases, maximum number (54.19% were in 20-40 years age group. Most of the RTA victims were males (69.95% and majority were literate (90.97%. Maximum number (28.74% of RTA took place between 4.00 p.m-8.00 p.m. Maximum number (36.95% of RTA victims were two-wheeler drivers, followed by two-wheeler riders (26.60%. 16.60% of drivers of motorized vehicles had no driving license. 85.48% of motorized vehicle users were not using any protective gear (helmet, seat belt etc. at the time of accident.Conclusion: Young adults in the economically most productive age group were the commonest victims of RTA. There is need of creating awareness regarding traffic rules among general public and strict enforcement of traffic rules by the concerned authorities.

Correlação entre a Autofluorescência de Fundo e o SD-OCT na Degenerescência Macular Ligada à Idade Exsudativa

OpenAIRE

Miranda, Ana Filipa

2016-01-01

Introdução: Estudos têm mostrado que na degenerescência macular ligada à idade (DMLI) exsudativa uma maior área de alteração do epitélio pigmentar retiniano (EPR) na autofluorescência de fundo (FAF) está associada a perda da acuidade visual (AV). Não existe, no entanto, nenhum estudo realizado nestes doentes que integre as alterações verificadas na FAF com a informação anatómica da tomografia de coerência óptica spectral domain (SD-OCT). Objectivo: Investigar a correlação entre a FAF e os res...

Técnica de Lindner-Guist: lo impensable en cirugía de desprendimiento de retina

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Sergio E. Hernández Da Mota

2015-10-01

Lo que más llama la atención de esta técnica es que para lograr crear la cicatriz coriorretiniana alrededor de las lesiones se empleaban trepanaciones en la esclera, dentro de las cuales se vertía una solución de sosa o potasa cáustica. Por lo cruento y las obvias complicaciones que producía este método entre las que se contaba la consecuente quemadura química del ojo, pronto se abandonó. Representa sin embargo un procedimiento anecdótico en la historia de la cirugía del desprendimiento retiniano.

Comparison of radionuclide thyroid angiography, Tc-99m-MIBI scintigraphy and power Doppler ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of solitary cold thyroid nodules

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kapucu, L.O.; Demirel, K.; Unlu, M.; Yucel, C.; Ozdemir, H.; Ayvaz, G.; Taneri, F.

2002-01-01

Materials and Methods: RTA (n:70), PD (n:58) and Tc-99m-MIBI (n:43) were performed in 70 patients with solitary cold thyroid nodules. Perfusion of the nodules in RTA was compared with the perfusion in the surrounding normal thyroid tissue and classified as follows: 0=avascular, 1 hypovascular; 2=euvascular; 3=hypervascular. Additionally, retention ratios (counts at 2 minutes/peak count value in the region of the nodule) were calculated. PD patterns were classified as follows: type A, perilesional vascular halo; type B, perilesional vascular halo and intralesional vascularisation, subdivided in: 1) with moderate intralesional vascularisation, homogeneous structure and regular vessel caliber and 2) with rich intralesional vascularisation, anarchical structure and winding vessel caliber and flow; type C, perilesional vascular halo with characteristic peripheral large afferent vessel characterized by winding caliber and flow. MIBI uptake in the nodules were scored for both early and delayed images as follows: 0=cold, 1=decreased; 2=equal and 3=increased uptake compared with surrounding thyroid tissue. Semiquantitative analysis was performed using a lesion to non-lesion ratio on early (ER) and delayed images (DR). Additionally, a retention index (RI) was calculated using the formula RI=(DR-ER) x 100/ER. These data were compared with the results of histolopathology. Results: Histology revealed thyroid carcinoma in 9 patients and benign nodular goiter in 61 patients. 8 of the 9 malignant nodules displayed hypervascularisation in RTA. Mean retention ratios were 0.41 (SD±0.13) in malignant nodules and 0.80 (SD±0.12) in benign nodules. There was significant difference in the retention ratios between malignant and benign lesions (p=0.001). A receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine threshold levels for the differentiation of malignant from benign nodules. The specificities of RTA for hypervascular nodules with retention ratio threshold value <0

Comparison of discrete-storage nonvolatile memories: advantage of hybrid method for fabrication of Au nanocrystal nonvolatile memory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Qin; Jia Rui; Guan Weihua; Li Weilong; Liu Qi; Hu Yuan; Long Shibing; Chen Baoqin; Liu Ming; Ye Tianchun; Lu Wensheng; Jiang Long

2008-01-01

In this paper, the memory characteristics of two kinds of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors embedded with Au nanocrytals are investigated: hybrid MOS with nanocrystals (NCs) fabricated by chemical syntheses and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) MOS with NCs fabricated by RTA. For both kinds of devices, the capacitance versus voltage (C-V) curves clearly indicate the charge storage in the NCs. The hybrid MOS, however, shows a larger memory window, as compared with RTA MOS. The retention characteristics of the two MOS devices are also investigated. The capacitance versus time (C-t) measurement shows that the hybrid MOS capacitor embedded with Au nanocrystals has a longer retention time. The mechanism of longer retention time for hybrid MOS capacitor is qualitatively discussed

Study of silicon-silicon nitride interface properties on planar (1 0 0), planar (1 1 1) and textured surfaces using deep-level transient spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gong, Chun; Simoen, Eddy; Posthuma, Niels E; Van Kerschaver, Emmanuel; Poortmans, Jef; Mertens, Robert

2010-01-01

Deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) has been applied to metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors fabricated on planar (1 0 0), planar (1 1 1) orientations and textured n-type silicon wafers. Low frequency direct plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition Si-SiN x interface properties with and without plasma NH 3 pre-treatment, with and without rapid thermal annealing (RTA) have been investigated. It is shown that three different kinds of defect states are identified at the Si-SiN x interface. For the planar (1 0 0) surface, samples with plasma NH 3 pre-treatment plus RTA show the lowest DLTS signals, which suggests the lowest overall interface states density. For planar (1 1 1) Si surfaces, plasma NH 3 pre-treatment and RTA yield a small improvement. With the textured surface, the RTA step improves the surface passivation quality further but no obvious impact is found with plasma NH 3 pre-treatment. Energy-dependent electron capture cross sections were also measured by small-pulse DLTS. The capture cross sections depend strongly on the energy level and decrease towards the conduction band edge.

Traumatic brain injuries caused by traffic accidents in five European countries: outcome and public health consequences.

Science.gov (United States)

Majdan, Marek; Mauritz, Walter; Wilbacher, Ingrid; Janciak, Ivan; Brazinova, Alexandra; Rusnak, Martin; Leitgeb, Johannes

2013-08-01

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) have been identified by public health organizations as being of major global concern. Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are among the most severe injuries and are in a large part caused by RTA. The objective of this article is to analyse the severity and outcome of TBI caused by RTA in different types of road users in five European countries. The demographic, severity and outcome measures of 683 individuals with RTA-related TBI from Austria, Slovakia, Bosnia, Croatia and Macedonia were analysed. Five types of road users (car drivers, car passengers, motorcyclists, bicyclists and pedestrians) were compared using univariate and multivariate statistical methods. Short-term outcome [intensive care unit (ICU) survival] and last available long-term outcome of patients were analysed. In our data set, 44% of TBI were traffic related. The median age of patients was 32.5 years, being the lowest (25 years) in car passengers. The most severe and extensive injuries were reported in pedestrians. Pedestrians had the lowest rate of ICU survival (60%) and favourable long-term outcome (46%). Drivers had the highest ICU survival (73%) and car passengers had the best long-term outcome (59% favourable). No differences in the outcome were found between countries with different economy levels. TBI are significantly associated with RTA and thus, tackling them together could be more effective. The population at highest risk of RTA-related TBI are young males (in our sample median age: 32.5 years). Pedestrians have the most severe TBI with the worst outcome. Both groups should be a priority for public health action.

Educational level and age as contributing factors to road traffic accidents

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sami Ashkan

2013-10-01

Full Text Available 【Abstract】Objective: This research analyzes data on road traffic accidents (RTA in Fars province, whose roads are among the highly dangerous ones in Iran. It inves- tigates educational level and age involved in RTA in order to discover patterns that can prevent or decrease accidents. Methods: This research made use of data visualization techniques to find hidden patterns. The data included mor- tality rate related to RTA in Fars province and were obtained from Fars Forensic Medicine Registry covering a period of 1 year from March 21, 2010 to March 21, 2011. All data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5. The results were reported as de- scriptive indices such as frequency (percentage. The Chi- square test was applied to the data concerning educational level and age. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In the mentioned period, 1 831 people were killed, out of whom un/lowly educated people (69.6% ac- counted for the highest mortality rate. The significant rela- tionship between educational level and mortality rate was found (X2=275.98, P<0.0001. Also three was a significant association between age and mortality rate (X2=371.20, P<0.0001. Young people (age between 20 and 29 years contribute to higher RTA mortality rate compared with other age groups. Conclusion: The educational level and age are signifi- cantly correlated to mortality rate. The youth and un/lowly educated people suffer more fatal RTA. Key words: Accidents, traffic; Mortality; Education; Data mining; Iran

Epitaxially grown polycrystalline silicon thin-film solar cells on solid-phase crystallised seed layers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Wei, E-mail: weili.unsw@gmail.com; Varlamov, Sergey; Xue, Chaowei

2014-09-30

Highlights: • Crystallisation kinetic is used to analyse seed layer surface cleanliness. • Simplified RCA cleaning for the seed layer can shorten the epitaxy annealing duration. • RTA for the seed layer can improve the quality for both seed layer and epi-layer. • Epitaxial poly-Si solar cell performance is improved by RTA treated seed layer. - Abstract: This paper presents the fabrication of poly-Si thin film solar cells on glass substrates using seed layer approach. The solid-phase crystallised P-doped seed layer is not only used as the crystalline template for the epitaxial growth but also as the emitter for the solar cell structure. This paper investigates two important factors, surface cleaning and intragrain defects elimination for the seed layer, which can greatly influence the epitaxial grown solar cell performance. Shorter incubation and crystallisation time is observed using a simplified RCA cleaning than the other two wet chemical cleaning methods, indicating a cleaner seed layer surface is achieved. Cross sectional transmission microscope images confirm a crystallographic transferal of information from the simplified RCA cleaned seed layer into the epi-layer. RTA for the SPC seed layer can effectively eliminate the intragrain defects in the seed layer and improve structural quality of both of the seed layer and the epi-layer. Consequently, epitaxial grown poly-Si solar cell on the RTA treated seed layer shows better solar cell efficiency, V{sub oc} and J{sub sc} than the one on the seed layer without RTA treatment.

Formation of grown-in defects in molecular beam epitaxial Ga(In)NP: Effects of growth conditions and postgrowth treatments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dagnelund, D.; Buyanova, I. A.; Wang, X. J.; Chen, W. M.; Utsumi, A.; Furukawa, Y.; Wakahara, A.; Yonezu, H.

2008-01-01

Effects of growth conditions and post-growth treatments, such as presence of N ions, N 2 flow, growth temperature, In alloying, and postgrowth rapid thermal annealing (RTA), on formation of grown-in defects in Ga(In)NP prepared by molecular beam epitaxy are studied in detail by the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) technique. Several common residual defects, such as two Ga-interstitial defects (i.e., Ga i -A and Ga i -B) and two unidentified defects with a g factor around 2 (denoted by S1 and S2), are closely monitored. Bombardment of impinging N ions on grown sample surface is found to facilitate formation of these defects. Higher N 2 flow is shown to have an even more profound effect than a higher number of ions in introducing these defects. Incorporation of a small amount of In (e.g., 5.1%) in GaNP seems to play a minor role in the formation of the defects. In GaInNP with 45% of In; however, the defects were found to be abundant. Effect of RTA on the defects is found to depend on initial configurations of Ga i -related defects formed during the growth. In the alloys where the Ga i -A and Ga i -B defects are absent in the as-grown samples (i.e., GaNP grown at a low temperature of 460 deg. C), the concentrations of the two Ga i defects are found to increase after postgrowth RTA. This indicates that the defects originally introduced in the as-grown alloys have been transformed into the more thermally stable Ga i -A and Ga i -B during RTA. On the other hand, when the Ga i -A and Ga i -B are readily abundant (e.g., at higher growth temperatures (≥500 deg. C), RTA leads to a slight reduction of the Ga i -A and Ga i -B ODMR signals. The S2 defect is also shown to be thermally stable upon the RTA treatment

A comparison of radionuclide thyroid angiography, {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI scintigraphy and power Doppler ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of solitary cold thyroid nodules

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Demirel, Koray; Kapucu, Oezlem [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara (Turkey); Yuecel, Cem; Oezdemir, Hakan [Department of Radiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara (Turkey); Ayvaz, Goeksun [Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara (Turkey); Taneri, Ferit [Department of Surgery, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara (Turkey)

2003-05-01

We prospectively studied 43 patients with solitary cold thyroid nodules greater than 1.5 cm in diameter to determine the comparative diagnostic value of radionuclide thyroid angiography (RTA), technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile ({sup 99m}Tc-MIBI) scintigraphy and power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Perfusion of the nodules in RTA was compared with the perfusion in the surrounding normal thyroid tissue and classified as follows: 0, avascular; 1, hypovascular; 2, isovascular; 3, hypervascular. {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI uptake in the nodules compared with that in surrounding thyroid tissue was scored for both early and delayed images as follows: 0, cold; 1, decreased; 2, equal; 3, increased. PDUS patterns were classified as nodule vascularisation patterns. The malignancy criteria were set as follows: hypervascular nodule with rapid washout in RTA; complex ring sign with anarchic structure or delta sign in PDUS, and positive retention and increased uptake in the nodule in the early and delayed {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI images. These data were compared with the histopathological results. Histology revealed thyroid carcinoma in nine patients (five cases of papillary carcinoma, three of follicular carcinoma and one of medullary carcinoma) and benign conditions in 34 patients (30 cases of nodular goitre, three of lymphocytic thyroiditis and one of follicular adenoma). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were, respectively, 0.89, 1.00 and 0.97 for RTA, 1.00, 0.76 and 0.81 for PDUS, and 0.67, 0.91 and 0.86 for {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI scintigraphy (when nodules with increased uptake in both the early and the delayed images and a positive retention index were considered as malignant). RTA, {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI scintigraphy and PDUS could be helpful in the preoperative assessment of solitary cold thyroid nodules. In this study, RTA was found to be the most accurate and specific method for differentiation of malignant from benign

A comparison of radionuclide thyroid angiography, 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy and power Doppler ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of solitary cold thyroid nodules

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Demirel, Koray; Kapucu, Oezlem; Yuecel, Cem; Oezdemir, Hakan; Ayvaz, Goeksun; Taneri, Ferit

2003-01-01

We prospectively studied 43 patients with solitary cold thyroid nodules greater than 1.5 cm in diameter to determine the comparative diagnostic value of radionuclide thyroid angiography (RTA), technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile ( 99m Tc-MIBI) scintigraphy and power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Perfusion of the nodules in RTA was compared with the perfusion in the surrounding normal thyroid tissue and classified as follows: 0, avascular; 1, hypovascular; 2, isovascular; 3, hypervascular. 99m Tc-MIBI uptake in the nodules compared with that in surrounding thyroid tissue was scored for both early and delayed images as follows: 0, cold; 1, decreased; 2, equal; 3, increased. PDUS patterns were classified as nodule vascularisation patterns. The malignancy criteria were set as follows: hypervascular nodule with rapid washout in RTA; complex ring sign with anarchic structure or delta sign in PDUS, and positive retention and increased uptake in the nodule in the early and delayed 99m Tc-MIBI images. These data were compared with the histopathological results. Histology revealed thyroid carcinoma in nine patients (five cases of papillary carcinoma, three of follicular carcinoma and one of medullary carcinoma) and benign conditions in 34 patients (30 cases of nodular goitre, three of lymphocytic thyroiditis and one of follicular adenoma). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were, respectively, 0.89, 1.00 and 0.97 for RTA, 1.00, 0.76 and 0.81 for PDUS, and 0.67, 0.91 and 0.86 for 99m Tc-MIBI scintigraphy (when nodules with increased uptake in both the early and the delayed images and a positive retention index were considered as malignant). RTA, 99m Tc-MIBI scintigraphy and PDUS could be helpful in the preoperative assessment of solitary cold thyroid nodules. In this study, RTA was found to be the most accurate and specific method for differentiation of malignant from benign thyroid nodules. (orig.)

Trombosis Venosa Retiniana y Trombosis Venosa Profunda; ¿hablamos de dos manifestaciones de una misma enfermedad? Estudio comparativo de 2 cohortes.

OpenAIRE

Guirado Torrecillas, Leticia

2018-01-01

La oclusión venosa retiniana (OVR) es un trastorno vascular retiniano muy frecuente (la 2ª en frecuencia tras la retinopatía diabética), poco conocida y una importante causa de pérdida de visión. Su prevalencia varía de un 0,3-1,6% y aumenta con la edad, sobre todo a partir de los 65 años. Su etiopatogenia está poco aclarada, ya que no parece que hay una relación estrecha con la triada clásica de trombogénesis de Virchow, y si con la proximidad anatómica entre las venas y las arterias retini...

Pathophysiological aspect of metabolic acid-base disorders

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nešović-Ostojić Jelena

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Maintaing the arterial pH values (in normal range of 7,35-7,45 is one of the main principles of homeostasis. Regulatory responses, including chemical buffering (extracellular, intracellular, sceletal, the regulation of pCO2 by the respiratory system, and the regulation of [HCO3-] by the kidneys, act in concert to maintain normal arterial pH value. The main extracellular chemical buffer is bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system. The kidneys contribute to the regulation of hydrogen (and bicarbonate in body fluids in two ways. Proximal tubules are important in bicarbonate reabsorption and distal tubules excrete hydrogen ion (as ammonium ion or titratable acid. There are four simple acid-base disorders: metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis; respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis can occur because of an increase in endogenous acid production (such as lactate and ketoacids, loss of bicarbonate (as in diarrhea, or accumulation of endogenous acids (as in renal failure. Metabolic acidosis can also be with high and normal (hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis anion gap. Renal tubular acidosis (RTA is a form of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis which occurs when the renal damage primarily affects tubular function. The main problem in distal RTA is reduced H+ excretion in distal tubule. Type 2 RTA is also called proximal RTA because the main problem is greatly impaired reabsorption of bicarbonate in proximal tubule. Impaired cation exchange in distal tubule is the main problem in RTA type 4. Metabolic alkalosis occurs as a result of net gain of [HCO3-] or loss of nonvolatile acid from extracellular fluids. Metabolic alkalosis can be associated with reduced or increased extracellular volume.

Immediate impact of 'penalty points legislation' on acute hospital trauma services.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Lenehan, Brian

2012-02-03

Road traffic accident (RTA) related mortality and injury may be reduced by up to 40% with the introduction of \\'road safety\\' legislation. Little is known regarding changes in pattern of injury and overall resource impact on acute trauma services. This prospective study examines RTA related admissions, injuries sustained and resultant sub-speciality operative workload in a Level 1 Trauma Centre during the 12 months immediately prior to and following the introduction of \\'penalty points\\' legislation. Eight hundred and twenty RTA related admissions were identified over the 24-month period from 01\\/11\\/2001 to 31\\/10\\/2003. There was a 36.7% decrease in RTA related admissions subsequent to the introduction of new legislation. Bed occupancy was almost halved. However, the relative Orthopaedic workload increased from 34% to 41% with a 10% increase in relative bed occupancy. The pattern of orthopaedic injury was significantly altered with a >50% absolute reduction in high velocity injuries. Curiously, there was no change in the absolute number of spinal fractures seen. This favourable early Irish experience of \\'penalty points\\' legislation mirrors that of worldwide published literature. Our findings demonstrate that the injury reduction effects were primarily enjoyed by non-orthopaedic sub-specialities. Such findings mandate consideration when allocating vital resources to sub-specialities within busy trauma units.

Rapid Thermal Annealing and Hydrogen Passivation of Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Low-Temperature Glass

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mason L. Terry

2007-01-01

Full Text Available The changes in open-circuit voltage (Voc, short-circuit current density (Jsc, and internal quantum efficiency (IQE of aLuminum induced crystallization, ion-assisted deposition (ALICIA polycrystalline silicon thin-film solar cells on low-temperature glass substrates due to rapid thermal anneal (RTA treatment and subsequent remote microwave hydrogen plasma passivation (hydrogenation are examined. Voc improvements from 130 mV to 430 mV, Jsc improvements from 1.2 mA/cm2 to 11.3 mA/cm2, and peak IQE improvements from 16% to > 70% are achieved. A 1-second RTA plateau at 1000°C followed by hydrogenation increases the Jsc by a factor of 5.5. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements are used to determine the concentration profiles of dopants, impurities, and hydrogen. Computer modeling based on simulations of the measured IQE data reveals that the minority carrier lifetime in the absorber region increases by 3 orders of magnitude to about 1 nanosecond (corresponding to a diffusion length of at least 1 μm due to RTA and subsequent hydrogenation. The evaluation of the changes in the quantum efficiency and Voc due to RTA and hydrogenation with computer modeling significantly improves the understanding of the limiting factors to cell performance.

Transport phenomena in strongly correlated Fermi liquids

CERN Document Server

Kontani, Hiroshi

2013-01-01

In conventional metals, various transport coefficients are scaled according to the quasiparticle relaxation time, \\tau, which implies that the relaxation time approximation (RTA) holds well. However, such a simple scaling does not hold in many strongly correlated electron systems, reflecting their unique electronic states. The most famous example would be cuprate high-Tc superconductors (HTSCs), where almost all the transport coefficients exhibit a significant deviation from the RTA results. To better understand the origin of this discrepancy, we develop a method for calculating various transport coefficients beyond the RTA by employing field theoretical techniques. Near the magnetic quantum critical point, the current vertex correction (CVC), which describes the electron-electron scattering beyond the relaxation time approximation, gives rise to various anomalous transport phenomena. We explain anomalous transport phenomena in cuprate HTSCs and other metals near their magnetic or orbital quantum critical poi...

Ultra-high carrier mobility InSb film by rapid thermal annealing on glass substrate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Charith Jayanada Koswaththage

2016-11-01

Full Text Available InSb films were deposited on both mica and glass substrates using thermal evaporation and subjected to FA or RTA. Crystallinity, composition and electrical properties were investigated. High Hall electron mobility as high as 25,000 cm2/(Vs was obtained with the capped InSb film by keeping the In:Sb ratio after RTA at 520°C for 30 sec or more without adopting epitaxial growth on glass.

The penalty points system in Ireland - Does it remain effective 14 years on?

Science.gov (United States)

Downey, C; Donnelly, M

2017-05-23

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are the leading cause of trauma related mortality in Ireland. The penalty points system (PPS) was introduced in Ireland in 2002 to incentivise safer driving and reduce injury. Its early effect was studied previously 1 which concluded that there was a slight reduction in RTA related femoral shaft fractures (a sensitive indicator of high energy trauma) and a dramatic reduction in RTA related discharges. We hypothesized that over the following 14 years, the penalty points system might lose its effectiveness. Data was again collected from the same HIPE departments from six Dublin teaching hospitals and also University Hospital Waterford (to represent both an urban and a more rural population cohort respectively) examining RTA related femoral shaft fractures over an identical 6 month period (October-April). RTA related discharge data over an identical 6 month period was again acquired and analysed from Beaumont Hospital, Dublin (identical data source to previous study). These results were compared with the identical 6 month period in 2001/02 & 2002/03 (October-April). The total number of RTA related femoral shaft fracture discharges in Dublin decreased from 16 post introduction of PPS in the 2002/03 6-month period to 7 in 2015/16 6-month period. The number remained the same in the Waterford region (n = 5). The total RTA related discharges in Beaumont Hospital, Dublin decreased from 70 post PPS introduction to 57 in the 2015/16 6-month period. This represents an incidence rate of 4.5/1000 discharges (vs 6.9 post introduction) which was a statistically significant reduction (p = 0.014). The mean length of stay for these patients reduced from 13 to 7.7 days. There were consistent reductions in head injury (major & minor), lower limb fracture and facial fracture since the introduction of the PPS. The upper limb, pelvic/acetabular and thoracic injuries remained largely unchanged. Whilst RTA related spinal and abdominal injuries decreased

Fragment-based identification of determinants of conformational and spectroscopic change at the ricin active site

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Soares Alexei S

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Ricin is a potent toxin and known bioterrorism threat with no available antidote. The ricin A-chain (RTA acts enzymatically to cleave a specific adenine base from ribosomal RNA, thereby blocking translation. To understand better the relationship between ligand binding and RTA active site conformational change, we used a fragment-based approach to find a minimal set of bonding interactions able to induce rearrangements in critical side-chain positions. Results We found that the smallest ligand stabilizing an open conformer of the RTA active site pocket was an amide group, bound weakly by only a few hydrogen bonds to the protein. Complexes with small amide-containing molecules also revealed a switch in geometry from a parallel towards a splayed arrangement of an arginine-tryptophan cation-pi interaction that was associated with an increase and red-shift in tryptophan fluorescence upon ligand binding. Using the observed fluorescence signal, we determined the thermodynamic changes of adenine binding to the RTA active site, as well as the site-specific binding of urea. Urea binding had a favorable enthalpy change and unfavorable entropy change, with a ΔH of -13 ± 2 kJ/mol and a ΔS of -0.04 ± 0.01 kJ/(K*mol. The side-chain position of residue Tyr80 in a complex with adenine was found not to involve as large an overlap of rings with the purine as previously considered, suggesting a smaller role for aromatic stacking at the RTA active site. Conclusion We found that amide ligands can bind weakly but specifically to the ricin active site, producing significant shifts in positions of the critical active site residues Arg180 and Tyr80. These results indicate that fragment-based drug discovery methods are capable of identifying minimal bonding determinants of active-site side-chain rearrangements and the mechanistic origins of spectroscopic shifts. Our results suggest that tryptophan fluorescence provides a sensitive probe for the

Seatbelt injury causing small bowel devascularisation: case series and review of the literature.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

O'Dowd, Vincent

2012-01-31

The use of seatbelts has increased significantly in the last twenty years, leading to a decrease in mortality from road traffic accidents (RTA). However, this increase in seatbelt use has also led to a change in the spectrum of injuries from RTA; abdominal injuries, particularly intestinal injuries have dramatically increased with the routine use of seatbelts. Such intestinal injuries frequently result from improper placement of the "lap belt". We present 3 cases in which passengers wearing a seatbelt sustained significant devascularisation injuries to the small bowel requiring emergency surgical intervention. A high index of suspicion is crucial in such cases to prevent delays in diagnosis that can lead to severe complications and adverse outcomes. It is evident that while advocating seatbelt use, the importance of education in correct seatbelt placement should also be a focus of public health strategies to reduce RTA morbidity and mortality.

Improved Undecidability Results for Reachability Games on Recursive Timed Automata

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Shankara Narayanan Krishna

2014-08-01

Full Text Available We study reachability games on recursive timed automata (RTA that generalize Alur-Dill timed automata with recursive procedure invocation mechanism similar to recursive state machines. It is known that deciding the winner in reachability games on RTA is undecidable for automata with two or more clocks, while the problem is decidable for automata with only one clock. Ouaknine and Worrell recently proposed a time-bounded theory of real-time verification by claiming that restriction to bounded-time recovers decidability for several key decision problem related to real-time verification. We revisited games on recursive timed automata with time-bounded restriction in the hope of recovering decidability. However, we found that the problem still remains undecidable for recursive timed automata with three or more clocks. Using similar proof techniques we characterize a decidability frontier for a generalization of RTA to recursive stopwatch automata.

Effect of nitrogen incorporation on the structural, optical and dielectric properties of reactive sputter grown ITO films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gartner, M.; Stroescu, H. [Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Marin, A., E-mail: alexmarin@icf.ro [Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Osiceanu, P. [Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Anastasescu, M., E-mail: manastasescu@icf.ro [Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Stoica, M.; Nicolescu, M.; Duta, M.; Preda, S. [Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Aperathitis, E.; Pantazis, A.; Kampylafka, V. [FORTH-IESL, Crete (Greece); Modreanu, M. [Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork (Ireland); Zaharescu, M. [Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest (Romania)

2014-09-15

Highlights: • Graded optical model for ITON films is presented. • ITON thin films retain an amorphous structure even after RTA at 500 °C in N{sub 2} ambient. • The lowest resistivity was 2 × 10{sup −3} Ω cm for films deposited in 75%N{sub 2} and RTA at 500 °C. • Films deposited in 75% N{sub 2} and RTA at 500 °C have degenerate semiconductor behavior. • Chemical composition before and after RTA has been analyzed by XPS depth profiling. - Abstract: The changes in the optical, microstructural and electrical properties, following the nitrogen incorporation into indium tin oxide thin films are investigated. The films are formed by r.f. sputtering from an indium-tin-oxide (80% In{sub 2}O{sub 3}–20% SnO{sub 2}) target in a mixture of Ar and N{sub 2} plasma (75% N{sub 2}–25% Ar and 100% N{sub 2} respectively) on fused silica glass substrate. The impact of rapid thermal annealing (up to 500 °C, in N{sub 2} ambient) on the properties of indium tin oxynitride (ITON) thin films is also reported. The UV–vis–NIR ellipsometry (SE) characterization of ITON films was performed assuming several realistic approaches based on various oscillator models, using a chemical composition gradient depth profiling, in agreement with the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The Hall measurements show that the ITON films prepared by r.f. sputtering in 75% N{sub 2} and annealed at 500 °C behave as degenerate semiconductors. X-ray diffraction analysis proved that ITON thin films retain an amorphous structure even after RTA at 500 °C in N{sub 2} ambient and atomic force microscopy showed the formation of continuous and smooth ITON thin films, with a morphology consisting in quasispherical nanometric particles.

NextGen Flight Deck Surface Trajectory-Based Operations (STBO): Contingency Holds

Science.gov (United States)

Bakowski, Deborah Lee; Hooey, Becky Lee; Foyle, David C.; Wolter, Cynthia A.; Cheng, Lara W. S.

2013-01-01

The purpose of this pilot-in-the-loop taxi simulation was to investigate a NextGen Surface Trajectory-Based Operations (STBO) concept called "contingency holds." The contingency-hold concept parses a taxi route into segments, allowing an air traffic control (ATC) surface traffic management (STM) system to hold an aircraft when necessary for safety. Under nominal conditions, if the intersection or active runway crossing is clear, the hold is removed, allowing the aircraft to continue taxiing without slowing, thus improving taxi efficiency, while minimizing the excessive brake use, fuel burn, and emissions associated with stop-and-go taxi. However, when a potential traffic conflict exists, the hold remains in place as a fail-safe mechanism. In this departure operations simulation, the taxi clearance included a required time of arrival (RTA) to a specified intersection. The flight deck was equipped with speed-guidance avionics to aid the pilot in safely meeting the RTA. On two trials, the contingency hold was not released, and pilots were required to stop. On two trials the contingency hold was released 15 sec prior to the RTA, and on two trials the contingency hold was released 30 sec prior to the RTA. When the hold remained in place, all pilots complied with the hold. Results also showed that when the hold was released at 15-sec or 30-sec prior to the RTA, the 30-sec release allowed pilots to maintain nominal taxi speed, thus supporting continuous traffic flow; whereas, the 15-sec release did not. The contingency-hold concept, with at least a 30-sec release, allows pilots to improve taxiing efficiency by reducing braking, slowing, and stopping, but still maintains safety in that no pilots "busted" the clearance holds. Overall, the evidence suggests that the contingency-hold concept is a viable concept for optimizing efficiency while maintaining safety.

Lithium increases ammonium excretion leading to altered urinary acid-base buffer composition.

Science.gov (United States)

Trepiccione, Francesco; Altobelli, Claudia; Capasso, Giovambattista; Christensen, Birgitte Mønster; Frische, Sebastian

2017-11-24

Previous reports identify a voltage dependent distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) secondary to lithium (Li + ) salt administration. This was based on the inability of Li + -treated patients to increase the urine-blood (U-B) pCO 2 when challenged with NaHCO 3 and, the ability of sodium neutral phosphate or Na 2 SO 4 administration to restore U-B pCO 2 in experimental animal models. The underlying mechanisms for the Li + -induced dRTA are still unknown. To address this point, a 7 days time course of the urinary acid-base parameters was investigated in rats challenged with LiCl, LiCitrate, NaCl, or NaCitrate. LiCl induced the largest polyuria and a mild metabolic acidosis. Li + -treatment induced a biphasic response. In the first 2 days, proper urine volume and acidification occurred, while from the 3rd day of treatment, polyuria developed progressively. In this latter phase, the LiCl-treated group progressively excreted more NH 4 + and less pCO 2 , suggesting that NH 3 /NH 4 + became the main urinary buffer. This physiological parameter was corroborated by the upregulation of NBCn1 (a marker of increased ammonium recycling) in the inner stripe of outer medulla of LiCl treated rats. Finally, by investigating NH 4 + excretion in ENaC-cKO mice, a model resistant to Li + -induced polyuria, a primary role of the CD was confirmed. By definition, dRTA is characterized by deficient urinary ammonium excretion. Our data question the presence of a voltage-dependent Li + -induced dRTA in rats treated with LiCl for 7 days and the data suggest that the alkaline urine pH induced by NH 3 /NH 4 + as the main buffer has lead to the interpretation dRTA in previous studies.

On the Use of Running Trends as Summary Statistics for Univariate Time Series and Time Series Association

OpenAIRE

Trottini, Mario; Vigo, Isabel; Belda, Santiago

2015-01-01

Given a time series, running trends analysis (RTA) involves evaluating least squares trends over overlapping time windows of L consecutive time points, with overlap by all but one observation. This produces a new series called the “running trends series,” which is used as summary statistics of the original series for further analysis. In recent years, RTA has been widely used in climate applied research as summary statistics for time series and time series association. There is no doubt that ...

Surface cleaning and preparation in AlGaN/GaN-based HEMT processing as assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gonzalez-Posada, Fernando; Bardwell, Jennifer A.; Moisa, Simona; Haffouz, Soufien; Tang, Haipeng; Brana, Alejandro F.; Munoz, Elias

2007-01-01

The chemical composition of the AlGaN/GaN surface during typical process steps in transistor fabrication was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The steps studied included organic solvent cleaning, 1:1 HCl:H 2 O dip, buffered oxide etch dip, oxygen plasma descum and rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The surface composition was calculated after correction for the interference of the Ga Auger lines in the N 1s portion of the spectra. The buffered oxide etched (BOE) surface showed a greater tendency for Al (compared to Ga) to be oxidized in the surface, under a layer of adventitious carbon. Three different treatments were found to yield a combination of low C and O levels in the surface. Both plasma cleaning and RTA were highly effective at reducing the carbon contamination of the surface, but did increase the oxygen levels. The RTA treated surface was found to have low levels of oxygen incorporation to a depth of 2-6 nm

InAs0.45P0.55/InP strained multiple quantum wells intermixed by inductively coupled plasma etching

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cao, Meng; Wu, Hui-Zhen; Lao, Yan-Feng; Cao, Chun-Fang; Liu, Cheng

2009-01-01

The intermixing effect on InAs 0.45 P 0.55 /InP strained multiple quantum wells (SMQWs) by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) is investigated. Experiments show that the process of ICP etching followed RTA induces the blue shift of low temperature photoluminescence (PL) peaks of QWs. With increasing etching depth, the PL intensities are firstly enhanced and then diminished. This phenomenon is attributed to the variation of surface roughness and microstructure transformation inside the QW structure during ICP processing.

Optimized Laser Thermal Annealing on Germanium for High Dopant Activation and Low Leakage Current

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Shayesteh, Maryam; O' Connell, Dan; Gity, Farzan

2014-01-01

In this paper, state-of-the-art laser thermal annealing is used to fabricate Ge diodes. We compared the effect of laser thermal annealing (LTA) and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on dopant activation and electrical properties of phosphorus and Arsenic-doped n +/p junctions. Using LTA, high carrier...... implant conditions. On the other hand, RTA revealed very high I on/I off ratio ∼ 107 and n ∼ 1, at the cost of high dopant diffusion and lower carrier concentrations which would degrade scalability and access resistance....

Controlling Growth High Uniformity Indium Selenide (In2Se3) Nanowires via the Rapid Thermal Annealing Process at Low Temperature.

Science.gov (United States)

Hsu, Ya-Chu; Hung, Yu-Chen; Wang, Chiu-Yen

2017-09-15

High uniformity Au-catalyzed indium selenide (In 2 Se 3) nanowires are grown with the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatment via the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. The diameters of Au-catalyzed In 2 Se 3 nanowires could be controlled with varied thicknesses of Au films, and the uniformity of nanowires is improved via a fast pre-annealing rate, 100 °C/s. Comparing with the slower heating rate, 0.1 °C/s, the average diameters and distributions (standard deviation, SD) of In 2 Se 3 nanowires with and without the RTA process are 97.14 ± 22.95 nm (23.63%) and 119.06 ± 48.75 nm (40.95%), respectively. The in situ annealing TEM is used to study the effect of heating rate on the formation of Au nanoparticles from the as-deposited Au film. The results demonstrate that the average diameters and distributions of Au nanoparticles with and without the RTA process are 19.84 ± 5.96 nm (30.00%) and about 22.06 ± 9.00 nm (40.80%), respectively. It proves that the diameter size, distribution, and uniformity of Au-catalyzed In 2 Se 3 nanowires are reduced and improved via the RTA pre-treated. The systemic study could help to control the size distribution of other nanomaterials through tuning the annealing rate, temperatures of precursor, and growth substrate to control the size distribution of other nanomaterials. Graphical Abstract Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process proved that it can uniform the size distribution of Au nanoparticles, and then it can be used to grow the high uniformity Au-catalyzed In 2 Se 3 nanowires via the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. Comparing with the general growth condition, the heating rate is slow, 0.1 °C/s, and the growth temperature is a relatively high growth temperature, > 650 °C. RTA pre-treated growth substrate can form smaller and uniform Au nanoparticles to react with the In 2 Se 3 vapor and produce the high uniformity In 2 Se 3 nanowires. The in situ annealing TEM is used to realize the effect of heating

A new species of Hortipes (Araneae, Corinnidae, the first spider with an insertable retrolateral tibial apophysis on the male palp

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arnaud Henrard

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Hortipes gigapophysalis (Araneae, Corinnidae is a new species described from both sexes from montane forest on Mt Nimba, eastern Guinea. The species is remarkable for its long, whip-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA on the male palp. The structure apparently has an insertable function as the epigyne of the female contains a separate set of ducts starting from a central concavity that is unique in the genus. This duct system is apparently meant to receive the supple RTA. This type of structural arrangement has never previously been found in spiders.

Proximity annealing of sulfur-implanted gallium arsenide using a strip heater

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Banerjee, S.; Baker, J.

1985-01-01

A graphite strip heater has been employed for rapid (-- 30 s) thermal annealing (RTA), at temperatures between 850 and 1150 0 C, of Cr-doped GaAs implanted with 120 keV 32 S + with doses between 10 13 and 10 15 cm -2 . In order to minimize the incongruent evaporation of As, proximity anneals were employed by protecting the implanted samples with GaAs cover pieces. RTA yields electrical activation and donor mobilities better than or comparable to furnace annealing, with less redistribution of the implanted S and background Cr. (author)

Reactivation and Lytic Replication of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: An Update

Science.gov (United States)

Aneja, Kawalpreet K.; Yuan, Yan

2017-01-01

The life cycle of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) consists of two phases, latent and lytic. The virus establishes latency as a strategy for avoiding host immune surveillance and fusing symbiotically with the host for lifetime persistent infection. However, latency can be disrupted and KSHV is reactivated for entry into the lytic replication. Viral lytic replication is crucial for efficient dissemination from its long-term reservoir to the sites of disease and for the spread of the virus to new hosts. The balance of these two phases in the KSHV life cycle is important for both the virus and the host and control of the switch between these two phases is extremely complex. Various environmental factors such as oxidative stress, hypoxia, and certain chemicals have been shown to switch KSHV from latency to lytic reactivation. Immunosuppression, unbalanced inflammatory cytokines, and other viral co-infections also lead to the reactivation of KSHV. This review article summarizes the current understanding of the initiation and regulation of KSHV reactivation and the mechanisms underlying the process of viral lytic replication. In particular, the central role of an immediate-early gene product RTA in KSHV reactivation has been extensively investigated. These studies revealed multiple layers of regulation in activation of RTA as well as the multifunctional roles of RTA in the lytic replication cascade. Epigenetic regulation is known as a critical layer of control for the switch of KSHV between latency and lytic replication. The viral non-coding RNA, PAN, was demonstrated to play a central role in the epigenetic regulation by serving as a guide RNA that brought chromatin remodeling enzymes to the promoters of RTA and other lytic genes. In addition, a novel dimension of regulation by microPeptides emerged and has been shown to regulate RTA expression at the protein level. Overall, extensive investigation of KSHV reactivation and lytic replication has revealed

Respuestas y adaptaciones de la funci??n y estructura musculares al entrenamiento oclusivo con resistencias de baja intensidad

OpenAIRE

Mart??n Hern??ndez, Juan

2013-01-01

137 p. Los objetivos de esta tesis doctoral, que se presenta como compendio de publicaciones, fueron: (1) Estudiar las respuestas de la arquitectura muscular a una sola sesi??n de entrenamiento oclusivo y comparar ??stas con las observadas tras una sesi??n de entrenamiento tradicional con resistencias de alta intensidad; (2) Estudiar las adaptaciones de la fuerza din??mica y el grosor muscular a dos vol??menes diferentes de entrenamiento oclusivo; (3) Comparar estos resultados con los obte...

Amplification of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 lytic origin of DNA replication is dependent upon a cis-acting AT-rich region and an ORF50 response element and the trans-acting factors ORF50 (K-Rta) and K8 (K-bZIP)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

AuCoin, David P.; Colletti, Kelly S.; Cei, Sylvia A.; Papouskova, Iva; Tarrant, Margaret; Pari, Gregory S.

2004-01-01

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), has significant sequence homology to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In cell culture, HHV8 is primarily latent, and viral genes associated with lytic replication are not expressed. Two lytic origins of DNA replication (oriLyt) are present within the HHV8 genome and are composed of an AT-rich region adjacent to GC-rich DNA sequences. We have now identified essential cis- and trans-acting elements required for oriLyt-dependent DNA replication. The transient replication assay was used to show that two AT-rich elements, three consensus AP1 transcription factor-binding sites, an ORF50 response element (RE), and a consensus TATA box motif are essential for efficient origin-dependent DNA replication. Transient transfection of luciferase reporter constructs indicated that the downstream region of the HHV8 oriLyt responds to ORF50 and suggests that part of the oriLyt may be an enhancer/promoter. In addition, a transient cotransfection-replication assay elucidated the set of trans-acting factors required for lytic DNA replication. These factors consist of homologues to the core replication proteins: ORF6 (ssDNA binding protein), ORF9 (DNA polymerase), ORF40-41 (primase-associated factor), ORF44 (helicase), ORF56 (primase), and ORF59 (polymerase processivity factor) common to all herpesviruses along with ORF50 (K-Rta) and K8 (K-bZIP)

Detection of diabetic foveal edema with biomicroscopy, fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography Detecção do edema foveal diabético com biomicroscopia, angiografia fluoresceínica e tomografia de coerência óptica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosana Zacarias Hannouche

2008-10-01

Full Text Available To describe different techniques for the detection of diabetic foveal edema. A retrospective review of the detection of diabetic foveal edema. Noncontact lens biomicroscopy is relatively insensitive in mild foveal thickening apparent on optical coherence tomography. Optical coherence tomography measurements can detect early retinal damage in diabetic retinopathy patients.Descrever diferentes técnicas para detecção do edema foveal diabético. Uma revisão da detecção do edema foveal diabético. Biomicroscopia com lente de não contato é relativamente insensível em edema leve aparente na tomografia de coerência óptica. Tomografia de coerência óptica pode detectar precocemente o dano retiniano inicial em pacientes com retinopatia diabética.

Renal Tubular Acidosis an Adverse Effect of PD-1 Inhibitor Immunotherapy

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Sandy El Bitar

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Immune checkpoint blockade therapy is gaining popularity among oncologists for treatment of solid and hematologic malignancies. The widespread use of these agents resulted in increasing incidence of renal immune-related adverse events. Reported renal toxicity described so far includes acute interstitial nephritis, minimal change disease, and immune complex glomerulonephritis. We report the case of a 79-year-old female with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer on anti-PD-1 therapy nivolumab. After the 4th administration of nivolumab, the treatment course was complicated with normal anion gap metabolic acidosis. Urine and blood studies were in favor of distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA. Following a negative workup for an underlying etiology, immunotherapy-induced RTA was suspected. Withholding of the offending agent and initiation of steroid therapy resulted in adequate response. The present report provides the first presentation of RTA as a renal immune-related adverse event secondary to nivolumab. Nephrologists and oncologists should be familiar with potentially life-threatening renal side effects induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Boron deactivation in heavily boron-doped Czochralski silicon during rapid thermal anneal: Atomic level understanding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao, Chao; Dong, Peng; Yi, Jun; Ma, Xiangyang; Yang, Deren; Lu, Yunhao

2014-01-01

The changes in hole concentration of heavily boron (B)-doped Czochralski silicon subjected to high temperature rapid thermal anneal (RTA) and following conventional furnace anneal (CFA) have been investigated. It is found that decrease in hole concentration, namely, B deactivation, is observed starting from 1050 °C and increases with RTA temperature. The following CFA at 300–500 °C leads to further B deactivation, while that at 600–800 °C results in B reactivation. It is supposed that the interaction between B atoms and silicon interstitials (I) thus forming BI pairs leads to the B deactivation during the high temperature RTA, and, moreover, the formation of extended B 2 I complexes results in further B deactivation in the following CFA at 300–500 °C. On the contrary, the dissociation of BI pairs during the following CFA at 600–800 °C enables the B reactivation. Importantly, the first-principles calculation results can soundly account for the above-mentioned supposition

Boron deactivation in heavily boron-doped Czochralski silicon during rapid thermal anneal: Atomic level understanding

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gao, Chao; Dong, Peng; Yi, Jun; Ma, Xiangyang, E-mail: luyh@zju.edu.cn, E-mail: mxyoung@zju.edu.cn; Yang, Deren [State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Lu, Yunhao, E-mail: luyh@zju.edu.cn, E-mail: mxyoung@zju.edu.cn [International Center for New-Structured Materials and Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China)

2014-01-20

The changes in hole concentration of heavily boron (B)-doped Czochralski silicon subjected to high temperature rapid thermal anneal (RTA) and following conventional furnace anneal (CFA) have been investigated. It is found that decrease in hole concentration, namely, B deactivation, is observed starting from 1050 °C and increases with RTA temperature. The following CFA at 300–500 °C leads to further B deactivation, while that at 600–800 °C results in B reactivation. It is supposed that the interaction between B atoms and silicon interstitials (I) thus forming BI pairs leads to the B deactivation during the high temperature RTA, and, moreover, the formation of extended B{sub 2}I complexes results in further B deactivation in the following CFA at 300–500 °C. On the contrary, the dissociation of BI pairs during the following CFA at 600–800 °C enables the B reactivation. Importantly, the first-principles calculation results can soundly account for the above-mentioned supposition.

Studies on fabrication and characterization of a high-performance Al-doped ZnO/n-Si (1 1 1) heterojunction photodetector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ismail, Raid A; Al-Naimi, Ala; Al-Ani, Alaa A

2008-01-01

ZnO:Al/c-Si (1 1 1) isotype heterojunction photodetectors were fabricated by a chemical spray pyrolysis technique. High responsivity and good junction characteristics were obtained after post-deposition rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Dark and illuminated I–V characteristics were measured and analyzed. The ideality factor was deduced from I–V characteristics and found to be 1.3 after RTA. C–V measurements revealed that the junction was abrupt type. The energyband diagram, based on the Anderson model, was constructed from the electrical properties of the junction. Good photoresponses in UV and visible regions with responsivity were around 0.1 A W −1 and 0.47 A W −1 , respectively. The rise time of the detector was improved after RTA and found to be 50 ns. These results suggest that the Al dopant could be a good choice to fabricate the doped ZnO/Si devices for photodetection and other optoelectronic applications. We describe here the fabrication process and optoelectronic characteristics of the photodetector

Crystallographic orientations and electrical properties of Bi sub 3 sub . sub 4 sub 7 La sub 0. sub 8 sub 5 Ti sub 3 O sub 1 sub 2 thin films on Pt/Ti/SiO sub 2 /Si and Pt/SiO sub 2 /Si substrates

CERN Document Server

Ryu, S O; Lee, W J

2003-01-01

We report on the crystallization and electrical properties of Bi sub 3 sub . sub 4 sub 7 La sub 0 sub . sub 8 sub 5 Ti sub 3 O sub 1 sub 2 (BLT) thin films for possible ferroelectric non-volatile memory applications. The film properties were found to be strongly dependent on process conditions especially on the intermediate heat treatment conditions. The crystallographic orientation of the films showed sharp changes at the intermediate rapid thermal annealing (RTA) temperature of 450degC. Below 450degC, BLT thin films have (117) orientation while they have preffered c-axis orientation above 450degC. We found that RTA conditions of the first coating layer play a major role in determining the entire crystallographic orientation of the films. The films also showed of ferroelectric hysterisis behavior strongly dependent on RTA treatment. In fact, the remanent polarization of Bi sub 3 sub . sub 4 sub 6 sub 5 La sub 0 sub . sub 8 sub 5 Ti sub 3 O sub 1 sub 2 thin films having (001) preferred crystallographic orient...

Nuclear Reactor Technology Assessment for Near Term Deployment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2013-01-01

One of the IAEA's statutory objectives is to 'seek to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world.' One way this objective is achieved is through the publication of a range of technical series. Two of these are the IAEA Nuclear Energy Series and the IAEA Safety Standards Series. According to Article III.A.6 of the IAEA Statute, the safety standards establish 'standards of safety for protection of health and minimization of danger to life and property'. The safety standards include the Safety Fundamentals, Safety Requirements and Safety Guides. These standards are written primarily in a regulatory style, and are binding on the IAEA for its own programmes. The principal users are the regulatory bodies in Member States and other national authorities. The IAEA Nuclear Energy Series comprises reports designed to encourage and assist R and D on, and application of, nuclear energy for peaceful uses. This includes practical examples to be used by owners and operators of utilities in Member States, implementing organizations, academia, and government officials, among others. This information is presented in guides, reports on technology status and advances, and best practices for peaceful uses of nuclear energy based on inputs from international experts. The IAEA Nuclear Energy Series complements the IAEA Safety Standards Series. Several IAEA Member States have embarked recently on initiatives to establish or reinvigorate nuclear power programmes. In response, the IAEA has developed several guidance and technical publications to identify with Member States the complex tasks associated with such an undertaking and to recommend the processes that can be used in the performance of this work. A major challenge in this undertaking, especially for newcomer Member States, is the process associated with reactor technology assessment (RTA) for near term deployment. RTA permits the evaluation, selection and deployment

Intracellular-activated Notch1 can reactivate Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus from latency

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lan, Ke; Murakami, Masanao; Choudhuri, Tathagata; Kuppers, Daniel A.; Robertson, Erle S.

2006-01-01

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) establishes a predominantly latent infection in the infected host. Importantly, during latency, only a small number of viral encoded genes are expressed. This viral gene expression pattern contributes to the establishment of long-term infection as well as the ability of the virus to evade the immune system. Previous studies have been shown that the replication and transcription activator (RTA) encoded by ORF50 activates it downstream genes and initiates viral lytic reactivation through functional interaction with RBP-Jκ, the major downstream effector of the Notch signaling pathway. This indicates that RTA can usurp the conserved Notch signaling pathway and mimic the activities of intracellular Notch1 to modulate gene expression. In this report, we show that the activated intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN) is aberrantly accumulated in KSHV latently infected pleural effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells. ICN activated the RTA promoter in a dose-dependent manner, and forced expression of ICN in latently infected KSHV-positive cells initiated full blown lytic replication with the production of infectious viral progeny. However, latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) which is predominantly expressed during latency can specifically down-modulate ICN-mediated transactivation of RTA and so control KSHV for lytic reactivation. These results demonstrate that LANA can inhibit viral lytic replication by antagonizing ICN function and suggest that LANA is a critical component of the regulatory control mechanism for switching between viral latent and lytic replication by directly interacting with effectors of the conserved cellular Notch1 pathway

Demographic Profile and Pathological Patterns of Head Injury in Albania

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sabri Hoxha

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Head injury (HI is a serious morbid state caused by structural changes of the scalp, skull, and/or its contents, due to mechanical forces. Generally, the most frequent cause of HI is road traffic accident (RTA, followed by homicidal and falling injuries. The aim of present study is to assess epidemiology data, causes and patterns responsible for HI among Albanian subjects. Methodology: All HI cases (1000 are collected by the Forensic Institute of Albania, based on medical and forensic records of traumatized subjects between 2007- 2012. The prospectively-collected and descriptive information is focused on demographic data, responsible factors, type and level of cranial and brain injury, as well as their outcome. Results: The majority of HI victims were male (84% of age range of 15yrs -35yrs (70%. RTA was the HI cause in 88%, followed by homicides (3.8%, falling (3% etc. With respect to injury mechanisms, extra-dural hematoma was found in 93% of cases, followed by cerebral edema (61%, cerebral contusion (37%, skull bone fractures (35%, etc. Severe alteration of the consciousness was observed in 57% of the cases, while amnesia lasted longer than 4 weeks in 44% of the subjects included in our study. Discussion: This survey demonstrates that the majority of HI victims' is young and middle age males target group exposed to RTA. The increase of vehicles' use in placecountry-regionAlbania is more evident than RTA-related HI, indicating that driving newer vehicles with safer technology or helmets use while motorcycling can potentially decline the fatal outcome.

Desarrollo de ecuaciones alométricas de biomasa para la regeneración de cuatro especies en Durango, México

OpenAIRE

Favian Flores Medina; Daniel José Vega-Nieva; José Javier Corral-Rivas; Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González; Ana Daria Ruiz-González; Carlos Antonio López-Sanchez; Artemio Carillo Parra

2018-01-01

El objetivo del trabajo consistió en el desarrollo de ecuaciones alométricas para estimar la biomasa aérea por fracciones de grosor de la regeneración de Arbutus arizonica, Juniperus deppeana, Quercus sideroxyla y Pinus cooperi en la Unidad de Manejo Forestal (Umafor 1008) en el estado de Durango. Se utilizaron datos provenientes de 114 individuos (25, 29, 30 y 30, respectivamente), colectados mediante un muestreo destructivo para ajustar los modelos. La aditividad de las ecuaciones de estima...

AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT CASES AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN RURAL HARYANA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abhishek Singh

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Background- Accidents occur not only due to ignorance but also due to carelessness, thoughtlessness and over confidence. Human, vehicular and environmental factors play role before, during and after a Road Traffic Accidents (RTA. Road traffic injuries are partially predictable and hence preventable. Objectives- To study the pattern of road traffic accidents, socio demographic profile of road traffic injury victims seeking care at Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences And Research, Mullana and to study the antecedent factors influencing the road traffic accidents. Material and Methods-The present cross-sectional study was carried out at Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (MMIMSR, Mullana (Ambala. All the victims who reported to MMIMSR emergency and various OPD clinics of the institute between September 2009 to February 2011 were included in the study. Various parameters like age and sex distribution, time of occurrence, protective gears worn, injuries sustained, receipt of First -Aid, alcohol consumption, category of road user, vehicles involved in RTA, types of RTA, road conditions, environmental conditions etc were studied and valid conclusions were drawn. Results- There was a marked male preponderance (88.77 % with maximum involvement of younger age groups. Most of the accidents had taken place in the evening hours (6 pm -12 midnight. The vulnerable road users like motorized two wheeler, LMV and pedestrians constituted 41.52%, 19.39% and 13.41% respectively. Only 158 of 545 two-wheeler users wore a helmet at the time of injury. 16.24% of drivers did not have a valid driving license. Not using indicator lights and not following speed limits were two most common factors responsible for these RTA.

Risk of brain injury during diagnostic coronary angiography: comparison between right and left radial approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Pacchioni, Andrea; Versaci, Francesco; Mugnolo, Antonio; Penzo, Carlo; Nikas, Dimitrios; Saccà, Salvatore; Favero, Luca; Agostoni, Pier Francesco; Garami, Zsolt; Prati, Francesco; Reimers, Bernhard

2013-09-10

To assess the incidence of silent cerebral embolization when using the transradial approach for diagnostic coronary angiography (DCA). Compared to other vascular access sites, the right transradial approach (RTA) could reduce the amount of brain emboli by avoiding mechanical trauma to the aortic wall caused by catheters and wire, whereas it increases manipulation of catheters in the ascending aorta and has a higher risk of direct embolization into the right common carotid artery. A recent study showed an increased incidence of microembolic signals (MES) in RTA compared to femoral. However, left transradial approach (LTA) has never been assessed. 40 patients with suspected coronary artery disease were randomized to DCA via RTA (n=20) or LTA (n=20) with contemporaneous bilateral transcranial Doppler monitoring. MES were detected in all patients, with a significantly higher rate in the RTA group (median 61, interquartile range (IQR) 47-105, vs 48, IQR 31-60, p=0.035). MES generated during procedures needing >2 catheters (n=8), are higher than those detected during procedures performed with 2 catheters (n=32, 102, IQR 70-108, vs 48, IQR 33-60, p=0.001). At multivariate analysis increasing number of catheters was the only independent predictor of high incidence of MES (OR 16.4, 95% CI 1.23-219.9, p=0.034, -2LL=26.7). LTA has a lower risk of brain embolization because of the lower number of catheter exchange maneuvers. Since the degree of brain embolism depends on the magnitude of mechanical manipulation, catheter changes should be minimized to reduce the risk of cerebral embolization. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

¿Podemos aplicar los factores que predicen una vía aérea difícil al estilete Bonfils?

OpenAIRE

De La Flor Robledo, María; San Juan Alvarez, M; Reguilón Sanz, A

2017-01-01

El presente artículo intenta determinar qué factores predictores de dificultad de la LD también lo son del fibroscopio rígido Bonfils. Para ello, se seleccionaron 400 pacientes candidatos a anestesia general, registrando en cada uno de ellos los siguientes datos: edad, sexo, peso, altura, clasificación ASA, historia de apnea, Mallampati, test de la mordida, distancia interincisivos, DTM, distancia esternotiroidea, circunferencia cervical, máxima flexión y extensión cervical, y grosor del plie...

Complete characterization by Raman spectroscopy of the structural properties of thin hydrogenated diamond-like carbon films exposed to rapid thermal annealing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rose, Franck; Wang, Na; Smith, Robert; Xiao, Qi-Fan; Dai, Qing; Marchon, Bruno; Inaba, Hiroshi; Matsumura, Toru; Saito, Yoko; Matsumoto, Hiroyuki; Mangolini, Filippo; Carpick, Robert W.

2014-01-01

We have demonstrated that multi-wavelength Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies are sufficient to completely characterize the structural properties of ultra-thin hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (DLC:H) films subjected to rapid thermal annealing (RTA, 1 s up to 659 °C) and to resolve the structural differences between films grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, facing target sputtering and filtered cathodic vacuum arc with minute variations in values of mass density, hydrogen content, and sp 3 fraction. In order to distinguish unequivocally between films prepared with different density, thickness, and RTA treatment, a new method for analysis of Raman spectra was invented. This newly developed analysis method consisted of plotting the position of the Raman G band of carbon versus its full width at half maximum. Moreover, we studied the passivation of non-radiative recombination centers during RTA by performing measurements of the increase in photoluminescence in conjunction with the analysis of DLC:H networks simulated by molecular dynamics. The results show that dangling bond passivation is primarily a consequence of thermally-induced sp 2 clustering rather than hydrogen diffusion in the film.

Microbial lipid production: screening with yeasts grown on Brazilian molasses.

Science.gov (United States)

Vieira, J P F; Ienczak, J L; Rossell, C E V; Pradella, J G C; Franco, T T

2014-12-01

Rhodotorula glutinis CCT 2182, Rhodosporidium toruloides CCT 0783, Rhodotorula minuta CCT 1751 and Lipomyces starkeyi DSM 70296 were evaluated for the conversion of sugars from Brazilian molasses into single-cell oil (SCO) feedstock for biodiesel. Pulsed fed-batch fermentations were performed in 1.65 l working volume bioreactors. The maximum specific growth rate (µmax), lipid productivity (Pr) and cellular lipid content were, respectively, 0.23 h(-1), 0.41 g l(-1) h(-1), and 41% for Rsp. toruloides; 0.20 h(-1), 0.27 g l(-1) h(-1), and 36% for Rta. glutinis; 0.115 h(-1), 0.135 g l(-1) h(-1), and 27 % for Rta. minuta; and 0.11 h(-1), 0.13 g l(-1) h(-1), and 32% for L. starkeyi. Based on their microbial lipid productivity, content, and profile, Rsp. toruloides and Rta. glutinis are promising candidates for biodiesel production from Brazilian molasses. All the oils from the yeasts were similar to the composition of plant oils (rapeseed and soybean) and could be used as raw material for biofuels, as well as in food and nutraceutical products.

Complete characterization by Raman spectroscopy of the structural properties of thin hydrogenated diamond-like carbon films exposed to rapid thermal annealing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rose, Franck, E-mail: franck.rose@hgst.com; Wang, Na; Smith, Robert; Xiao, Qi-Fan; Dai, Qing; Marchon, Bruno [HGST, A Western Digital Company, San Jose Research Center, 3403, Yerba Buena Rd, San Jose, California 95135 (United States); Inaba, Hiroshi; Matsumura, Toru; Saito, Yoko; Matsumoto, Hiroyuki [HGST, A Western Digital Company, Japan Research Laboratory, 2880 Kozu, Odawara, Kanagawa 256-8510 (Japan); Mangolini, Filippo [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 (United States); Carpick, Robert W. [Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6315 (United States)

2014-09-28

We have demonstrated that multi-wavelength Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies are sufficient to completely characterize the structural properties of ultra-thin hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (DLC:H) films subjected to rapid thermal annealing (RTA, 1 s up to 659 °C) and to resolve the structural differences between films grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, facing target sputtering and filtered cathodic vacuum arc with minute variations in values of mass density, hydrogen content, and sp³ fraction. In order to distinguish unequivocally between films prepared with different density, thickness, and RTA treatment, a new method for analysis of Raman spectra was invented. This newly developed analysis method consisted of plotting the position of the Raman G band of carbon versus its full width at half maximum. Moreover, we studied the passivation of non-radiative recombination centers during RTA by performing measurements of the increase in photoluminescence in conjunction with the analysis of DLC:H networks simulated by molecular dynamics. The results show that dangling bond passivation is primarily a consequence of thermally-induced sp² clustering rather than hydrogen diffusion in the film.

Crystallization of sol-gel derived lead zirconate titanate thin films in argon and oxygen atmospheres

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bursill, L.A.

1994-01-01

Electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopic techniques are applied to reveal the mechanisms of crystallization of 75 nm thin films of ferroelectric lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT). Sol-gel methods, followed by pyrolysis at 350 deg C, were used to provide a common starting point after which a variety of rapid-thermal annealing (RTA) experiments in the temperature range 400-700 deg C were made in argon, oxygen and nitrogen/hydrogen atmospheres. The results are interpreted in terms of the crystal chemical analysis, which points out that partial pressure of oxygen and heating rate are important experimental parameters which must be controlled if ferroelectric perovskite-type Pb 2 ZrTiO 6 , rather than pyrochlore-type Pb 2 ZrTiO 6+x , where O < X < 1 or -1 < X < O, is to be obtained after the RTA step. Thus significant improvements in the crystallization of perovskite-type PZT were clearly demonstrated by using argon atmospheres for the RTA step. The results have significance for the production of high-quality ferroelectric thin films, with improved switching and fatigue characteristics, since even small amounts of the pyrochlore phase prove detrimental for these properties. 18 refs., 1 tab., 10 figs

Blue-green photoluminescence in MCM-41 mesoporous nanotubes

CERN Document Server

Shen, J L; Lui, Y L; Cheng, P W; Cheng, C F

2003-01-01

Different photoluminescence (PL) techniques have been used to study the blue-green emission from siliceous MCM-41 nanotubes. It was found that the intensity of the blue-green PL is enhanced by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). This enhancement is explained by the generation of twofold-coordinated Si centres and non-bridging oxygen hole centres, in line with the surface properties of MCM-41. On the basis of the analysis of the PL following RTA, polarized PL, and PL excitation, we suggest that the triplet-to-singlet transition of twofold-coordinated silicon centres is responsible for the blue-green PL in MCM-41 nanotubes. (letter to the editor)

Boron Profile Sharpening in Ultra-Shallow p+-n Junction Produced by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation from BF3 Plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lukichev, V.; Rudenko, K.; Orlikovsky, A.; Pustovit, A.; Vyatkin, A.

2008-01-01

We have investigated plasma immersion ion implantation (PI 3 ) of boron with energies of 500 eV (doses up to 2x10 15 cm -2 ) from BF 3 plasma with He pre-amorphizing implantation (PAI)(energy 3 keV, dose 5x10 16 cm -2 ). Implanted samples were subjected to RTA (T = 900 to 1050 deg. C, t = 2 to 24 sec and spike anneal). SIMS analysis of boron profiles revealed its anomalous behavior. For short RTA times the profile tail (below 5x10 19 cm -3 ) moves toward the surface and then, as in the usual diffusion, toward the bulk at longer annealing times.

Detection of oxygen vacancy defect states in capacitors with ultrathin Ta2O5 films by zero-bias thermally stimulated current spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lau, W.S.; Leong, L.L.; Han, Taejoon; Sandler, Nathan P.

2003-01-01

Defect state D (0.8 eV) was experimentally detected in Ta 2 O 5 capacitors with ultrathin (physical thickness 2 O 5 films using zero-bias thermally stimulated current spectroscopy and correlated with leakage current. Defect state D can be more efficiently suppressed by using N 2 O rapid thermal annealing (RTA) instead of using O 2 RTA for postdeposition annealing and by using TiN instead of Al for top electrode. We believe that defect D is probably the first ionization level of the oxygen vacancy deep double donor. Other important defects are Si/O-vacancy complex single donors and C/O-vacancy complex single donors

Desarrollo de ecuaciones alométricas de biomasa para la regeneración de cuatro especies en Durango, México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Favian Flores Medina

2018-03-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del trabajo consistió en el desarrollo de ecuaciones alométricas para estimar la biomasa aérea por fracciones de grosor de la regeneración de Arbutus arizonica, Juniperus deppeana, Quercus sideroxyla y Pinus cooperi en la Unidad de Manejo Forestal (Umafor 1008 en el estado de Durango. Se utilizaron datos provenientes de 114 individuos (25, 29, 30 y 30, respectivamente, colectados mediante un muestreo destructivo para ajustar los modelos. La aditividad de las ecuaciones de estimación de biomasa se aseguró mediante el ajuste simultáneo de todas las ecuaciones, con el procedimiento estadístico denominado 3SLS (Three-Stage Least Squares. Los modelos desarrollados permiten estimar la biomasa en peso seco de los componentes, peso total, hojas, ramillas ( 2.51 cm. Las ecuaciones alométricas con mejor ajuste correspondieron al peso total, con valores de coeficiente de determinación ajustado de 0.97, 0.94, 0.95 y 0.97 para Arbutus, Juniperus, Quercus y Pinus cooperi, respectivamente. En general las ecuaciones mostraron un ajuste satisfactorio en cada una de las fracciones; con ellas se podrán hacer estimaciones no destructivas de la biomasa por categoría de grosor de la regeneración de las cuatro especies estudiadas, lo que mejorará las predicciones de biomasa y almacén de carbono por fracciones en los bosques con presencia de los cuatro taxa estudiados.

Espacios aéreos pulmonares anormales por TCAR Abnormal air-filled spaces in the lung with HRCT

OpenAIRE

Juan Carlos Spina (h); Josefina Medina; Lucrecia Cúneo; Federico Badano; Florencia Bambaci; Juan Carlos Spina

2008-01-01

Objetivo: El propósito de este trabajo es revisar y dar claves para el diagnóstico de las distintas entidades que se presentan como espacios aéreos pulmonares anormales. Material y métodos: Se analizaron en forma retrospectiva los archivos de TCAR de nuestra institución con diagnóstico de espacios aéreos pulmonares anormales. En todos los casos se evaluó la localización, número (único o múltiples), grosor parietal y alteraciones parenquimatosas y mediastínicas asociadas y se los agrupo de acu...

Fibrosis endomiocárdica

OpenAIRE

María Juliana Rodríguez-González; Ángela M. Torres; Luis E. Echeverría

2017-01-01

Las miocardiopatías son trastornos intrínsecos del músculo cardíaco. Presentan fenotipos diferenciales que determinan su clasificación; estos son: dilatada, hipertrófica, restrictiva, displasia arritmogénica del ventrículo derecho y no clasificadas. Las miocardiopatías restrictivas se caracterizan por ventrículos de tamaño normal, con grosores de pared normales o ligeramente aumentados, paredes rígidas, disfunción diastólica severa y llenado restrictivo con presiones elevadas. Una de las f...

Análisis de mejora en la productividad del proceso de fabricación de rosquitas empleando un prototipo de formado de masa

OpenAIRE

Alvaro Humberto Velásquez Dávila

2014-01-01

Objetivos: Implementación de mejoras en la productividad del proceso de fabricación de rosquitas mediante el uso de un prototipo de máquina electromecánica de formado de tiras trenzadas para producir rosquitas. Métodos: En el proceso de fabricación del prototipo los diferentes componentes, como el largo y grosor del sin fin, la potencia de los moto reductores, la velocidad rotacional del tornillo y diferentes variables de operación, como temperatura de extrusión, humedad y temperatura inicial...

Fiabilidad de la Tomografía de coherencia óptica de dominio espectral para la medición del espesor Corneal Central

OpenAIRE

Correa Pérez, María Encarnación

2013-01-01

La paquimetría es la medida del grosor corneal en cualquiera de sus localizaciones. Resulta indispensable en la evaluación y monitorización de algunas enfermedades oculares. El Paquimétro Ultrasónico de contacto se considerada “gold standard”. En los últimos años, la paquimetría se ha incluido en equipos diagnósticos complejos no específicamente diseñados para ello, sin precisar contacto corneal. Ejemplo de ésto son los sistemas de Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica (OCT) de Dominio Espectral...

Road traffic accidents and posttraumatic stress disorder in an orthopedic setting in South-Eastern Nigeria: a controlled study.

Science.gov (United States)

Iteke, Obiora; Bakare, Muideen O; Agomoh, Ahamefule O; Uwakwe, Richard; Onwukwe, Jojo U

2011-06-22

Psychiatric liaison services are rare in trauma units of various hospitals in Nigeria and other sub-Saharan African countries. The occurrence of road traffic accidents (RTAs) resulting from low standard of road construction and inadequate maintenance have been on the increase in Nigeria. While the physical consequences of such RTAs are obvious, the psychological consequences are often not apparent. This study assessed the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims of RTAs and compared same with controls drawn from a population who have not experienced RTAs. It also assessed the associated socio-demographic variables. Study population consisted of one hundred and fifty RTA victims and two different control groups drawn from the population consisting of staffs of Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria and that of National Orthopedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, 150 people in each control group were matched for age and sex with the RTA victims and they were interviewed with PTSD module of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and their socio-demographic variables obtained with socio-demographic questionnaire. The prevalence of PTSD among RTA victims and the two control groups were 26.7%, 8.0% and 8.7% respectively. The difference in prevalence was statistically significant with RTA victims more likely to experience PTSD compared to the two control groups (X² = 27.23, df = 2, p = 0.001). Gender influenced the prevalence of PTSD among victims of RTAs and the controls, with females more likely to experience PTSD when compared to the males. Among victims of RTAs, being gainfully employed prior to the accidents increased the likelihood of developing PTSD and this was statistically significant (X² = 20.09, df = 1, p = 0.000). There is urgent need to pay more attention to developing consultation-liaison psychiatry services in trauma units of Nigerian hospitals, including orthopedic hospitals located in different geographical

Influence of the substrate and nitrogen amount on the microstructural and optical properties of thin r.f.-sputtered ZnO films treated by rapid thermal annealing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nicolescu, Madalina [Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Anastasescu, Mihai, E-mail: manastasescu@icf.ro [Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Preda, S.; Stroescu, H.; Stoica, M. [Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Teodorescu, V.S. [National Institute of Material Physics, 105 bis Atomistilor Street, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele (Romania); Aperathitis, E.; Kampylafka, V. [FORTH-IESL, Crete (Greece); Modreanu, M. [Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork (Ireland); Zaharescu, M.; Gartner, M. [Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest (Romania)

2012-11-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer ZnO:N films are crystallized in hexagonal wurtzite phase (XRD), (0 0 2) oriented. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The presence of the Nitrogen in the RTA films is confirmed by EDX and XPS. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer All ZnO:N films are highly transparent (over 80%) in VIS to NIR spectral range. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The frequency of the phonon modes, E{sub 1}(TO) and A{sub 1}(LO), were obtained by IRSE. - Abstract: N-doped ZnO (ZnO:N) thin films, intended to be used as one of the layers in solar cell applications were deposited by r.f. sputtering, using ZnN target (99.9% purity), on silicon and fused silica substrates. In the gas flow composition, Ar was kept constant (50%) and the O{sub 2}/N{sub 2} ratio was varied as: 40%/10%, 25%/25% and 10%/40%. After deposition, rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 400 and 550 Degree-Sign C for 1 min in N{sub 2} ambient has been performed. The RTA impact on the optical and microstructural properties of ZnO:N thin films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and infrared ellipsometry (IR-SE). The as-deposited (ad) ZnO:N films are polycrystalline with preferentially oriented columnar crystals. After RTA we found ZnO:N films with improved crystallinity and fewer boundary defects. We report optical constants of ZnO:N from UV to IR spectral range as well as the infrared active phononic modes.

Beryllium implant activation and damage recovery study in n-type GaSb

Science.gov (United States)

Rahimi, N.; Behzadirad, M.; Renteria, Emma J.; Shima, D. M.; Muniz, Ayse J.; Busani, T.; Lavrova, Olga; Balakrishnan, G.; Lester, L. F.

2014-03-01

Damage induced by the implantation of beryllium in n-type GaSb and its removal by Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) are studied in detail by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Cross Sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy (XTEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). RTA has been implemented with different times and temperatures in order to optimize ion activation and to avoid Sb outdiffusion during the process. Results indicate a lattice quality that is close to pristine GaSb for samples annealed at 600 °C for 10s using a thick Si3N4 capping layer. Electrical response of the implanted diodes is measured and characterized as function of different annealing conditions.

Probing the A1 to L10 transformation in FeCuPt using the first order reversal curve method

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Dustin A. Gilbert

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The A1-L10 phase transformation has been investigated in (001 FeCuPt thin films prepared by atomic-scale multilayer sputtering and rapid thermal annealing (RTA. Traditional x-ray diffraction is not always applicable in generating a true order parameter, due to non-ideal crystallinity of the A1 phase. Using the first-order reversal curve (FORC method, the A1 and L10 phases are deconvoluted into two distinct features in the FORC distribution, whose relative intensities change with the RTA temperature. The L10 ordering takes place via a nucleation-and-growth mode. A magnetization-based phase fraction is extracted, providing a quantitative measure of the L10 phase homogeneity.

Stabilization of a recombinant ricin toxin A subunit vaccine through lyophilization.

Science.gov (United States)

Hassett, Kimberly J; Cousins, Megan C; Rabia, Lilia A; Chadwick, Chrystal M; O'Hara, Joanne M; Nandi, Pradyot; Brey, Robert N; Mantis, Nicholas J; Carpenter, John F; Randolph, Theodore W

2013-10-01

Lyophilization was used to prepare dry, glassy solid vaccine formulations of recombinant ricin toxin A-chain containing suspensions of colloidal aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. Four lyophilized formulations were prepared by using combinations of rapid or slow cooling during lyophilization and one of two buffers, histidine or ammonium acetate. Trehalose was used as the stabilizing excipient. Aggregation of the colloidal aluminum hydroxide suspension was reduced in formulations processed with a rapid cooling rate. Aluminum hydroxide particle size distributions, glass transition temperatures, water contents, and immunogenicities of lyophilized vaccines were independent of incubation time at 40 °C for up to 15 weeks. Mice immunized with reconstituted ricin toxin subunit A (RTA) vaccines produced RTA-specific antibodies and toxin-neutralizing antibodies (TNAs) regardless of the length of high temperature vaccine storage or the degree of aluminum adjuvant aggregation that occurred during lyophilization. In murine studies, lyophilized formulations of vaccines conferred protection against exposure to lethal doses of ricin, even after the lyophilized formulations had been stored at 40 °C for 4 weeks. A corresponding liquid formulation of vaccine stored at 40 °C elicited RTA-specific antibody titers but failed to confer immunity during a ricin challenge. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

An Improved Rate-Transient Analysis Model of Multi-Fractured Horizontal Wells with Non-Uniform Hydraulic Fracture Properties

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Youwei He

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Although technical advances in hydraulically fracturing and drilling enable commercial production from tight reservoirs, oil/gas recovery remains at a low level. Due to the technical and economic limitations of well-testing operations in tight reservoirs, rate-transient analysis (RTA has become a more attractive option. However, current RTA models hardly consider the effect of the non-uniform production on rate decline behaviors. In fact, PLT results demonstrate that production profile is non-uniform. To fill this gap, this paper presents an improved RTA model of multi-fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs to investigate the effects of non-uniform properties of hydraulic fractures (production of fractures, fracture half-length, number of fractures, fracture conductivity, and vertical permeability on rate transient behaviors through the diagnostic type curves. Results indicate obvious differences on the rate decline curves among the type curves of uniform properties of fractures (UPF and non-uniform properties of fractures (NPF. The use of dimensionless production integral derivative curve magnifies the differences so that we can diagnose the phenomenon of non-uniform production. Therefore, it’s significant to incorporate the effects of NPF into the RDA models of MFHWs, and the model proposed in this paper enables us to better evaluate well performance based on long-term production data.

Upper extremity open fractures in hospitalized road traffic accident patients: adult versus pediatric cases.

Science.gov (United States)

Rubin, Guy; Peleg, Kobi; Givon, Adi; Rozen, Nimrod

2017-10-24

Fractures in pediatrics show epidemiological characteristics which are different from fractures in adults. The objective of this study was to examine the injury profiles of open upper extremity fractures (UEFs) in all modes of injury related to road traffic accidents (RTAs) in adult and pediatric hospitalized patients. Data on 103,465 RTA patients between 1997 and 2013 whose records were entered in a centralized country trauma database were reviewed. Data on open UEFs related to mode of injury (car, motorcycle, bicycle, and pedestrian) was compared between adult (18+ years) and pediatric (0-17 years) RTA patients. Of 103,465 RTA cases, 17,263 (16.7%) had UEFs. Of 73,087 adults, 13,237 (18.1%) included UEFs and of 30,378 pediatric cases, 4026 (13.2%) included UEFs (p open fractures. Adults had a greater risk for open fractures (2221, 13%) than the pediatric cases (522, 10.3%) (p open UEFs than the pediatric group (11 vs 8%, p = 0.0012). This study demonstrates the difference between adult and pediatric open fractures in hospitalized RTAs. We showed that adults had a greater risk for open UEFs compared to children, and the adult pedestrian group particularly had a significantly higher risk for open UEFs than the pediatric group.

Pediatric Sjogren syndrome with distal renal tubular acidosis and autoimmune hypothyroidism: an uncommon association.

Science.gov (United States)

Agarwal, Amit; Kumar, Pradeep; Gupta, Nomeeta

2015-11-01

A 14-year-old female came with the history of sudden onset weakness; during work up, she was found to have hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap and normal renal function suggesting the possibility of renal tubular acidosis (RTA). On further evaluation of RTA, she had positive antinuclear antibody, anti-Ro, and anti-La antibodies. On nuclear scan of salivary glands, her left parotid gland was nonfunctional. Her parotid biopsy revealed dilated interlobular ducts engulfed by lymphoid cells. She also had autoimmune hypothyroidism as suggested by raised TSH and positive anti-TPO antibodies. At admission, her serum potassium levels were low and she was treated with intravenous potassium chloride. After she recovered from acute hypokalemic paralysis, she was started on oral potassium citrate along with phosphate supplements, hydroxychloroquine, oral prednisolone and thyroxine supplements. Over the next 6 months, she has significant reduction in the dosage of potassium, bicarbonate and phosphate and gained 3 kg of weight and 3.5 cm of height. As primary Sjogren syndrome itself is rare in pediatric population and its association with renal tubular acidosis is even rarer, we suggest considering Sjogren syndrome as a differential diagnosis during the RTA work-up is worth trying.

Crystallization of sol-gel derived lead zirconate titanate thin films in argon and oxygen atmospheres

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bursill, L A [Melbourne Univ., Parkville, VIC (Australia). School of Physics; Brooks, K G [Ecole Polytechnique Federale, Lausanne (Switzerland)

1994-12-31

Electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopic techniques are applied to reveal the mechanisms of crystallization of 75 nm thin films of ferroelectric lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT). Sol-gel methods, followed by pyrolysis at 350 deg C, were used to provide a common starting point after which a variety of rapid-thermal annealing (RTA) experiments in the temperature range 400-700 deg C were made in argon, oxygen and nitrogen/hydrogen atmospheres. The results are interpreted in terms of the crystal chemical analysis, which points out that partial pressure of oxygen and heating rate are important experimental parameters which must be controlled if ferroelectric perovskite-type Pb{sub 2}ZrTiO{sub 6}, rather than pyrochlore-type Pb{sub 2}ZrTiO{sub 6+x}, where O < X < 1 or -1 < X < O, is to be obtained after the RTA step. Thus significant improvements in the crystallization of perovskite-type PZT were clearly demonstrated by using argon atmospheres for the RTA step. The results have significance for the production of high-quality ferroelectric thin films, with improved switching and fatigue characteristics, since even small amounts of the pyrochlore phase prove detrimental for these properties. 18 refs., 1 tab., 10 figs.

Endolymphatic Sac Enlargement in a Girl with a Novel Mutation for Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis and Severe Deafness

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Rink Nikki

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Hereditary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA is caused by mutations of genes encoding subunits of the H+-ATPase (ATP6V0A4 and ATP6V1B1 expressed in α-intercalated cells of the distal renal tubule and in the cochlea. We report on a 2-year-old girl with distal RTA and profound speech delay which was initially misdiagnosed as autism. Genetic analysis showed compound heterozygous mutations with one known and one novel mutation of the ATP6V1B1 gene; cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI revealed bilateral enlargement of the endolymphatic sacs of the inner ear. With improved cooperation, audiometric testing showed that hearing loss was most profound on the right, where endolymphatic sac enlargement was greatest, demonstrating a clear link between the degree of deafness and the degree of inner ear abnormality. This case indicates the value of MRI for diagnosis of inner ear involvement in very young children with distal RTA. Although citrate therapy quickly corrects the acidosis and restores growth, early diagnosis of deafness is crucial so that hearing aids can be used to assist acquisition of speech and to provide enough auditory nerve stimulation to assure the affected infants remain candidates for cochlear implantation.

Variación morfométrica de fruto y semilla en cuatro especies del género Vanilla / Morfometric variation of fruis and seed in four species of the genus Vanilla

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Delfino Reyes-López

2014-08-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo la caracterización morfométrica del fruto y semilla en cuatro especies del género Vanilla correspondientes a Vanilla planifolia G. Jackson, Vanilla insignis Ames, Vanilla inodora Schiede y Vanilla pompona Schiede, dentro de V. planifolia G. Jackson se consideró ocho clones. El material biológico utilizado fue tomado del banco de germoplasma de vainilla de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México. Para el análisis de resultados se utilizaron análisis de correlación, análisis de componentes principales y de agrupamiento. Los caracteres morfométricos más discriminantes de semilla fueron: Perímetro, diámetro feret, eje radial, longitud del hilio e índice de compactación (primer componente principal. Área de zona placentaria del fruto, grosor del fruto, y relación longitud/grosor del fruto (segundo componente principal. Angulo superior de semilla, relación área de zona placentaria/área del mesocarpio del fruto, relación ángulo inferior/ángulo superior de semilla (tercer componente principal. Los tres componentes principales acumularon 80 % de la variación total. Se logró la separación entre las diferentes especies y clones de vainilla en cuatro grupos bien definidos, lo que indica que existe variabilidad morfométrica en fruto y semilla entre especies y clones que pueden ser útiles para la discriminación y diferenciación del germoplasma de vainilla.

Características in vivo del epitelio corneal versus magnitud del defecto refractivo, posterior a tratamiento con láser de excímeros

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Eduardo Rojas Álvarez

Full Text Available Objetivo: describir las características in vivo del epitelio corneal y su relación con la magnitud del defecto refractivo tratado posterior al tratamiento quirúrgico de LASIK. Método: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo-longitudinal con 24 pacientes (48 ojos con astigmatismo miópico intervenidos con el ESIRIS (Schwind-Alemania por la técnica quirúrgica LASIK con microquerátomo pendular. Se analizaron los resultados a partir de técnicas de estadística descriptiva. Se utilizó el microscopio confocal ConfoScan 4 de NIDEK para la obtención y estudio de las imágenes in vivo de tejido corneal. Resultados: el grosor epitelial central medio en el preoperatorio fue 34,7 mm, a los 7 días del posoperatorio hubo un incremento del 36 % en pacientes con defectos refractivos inferiores a 4D y un incremento del 44 % en pacientes con defectos refractivos de 4 D o más. El promedio de densidad de células del epitelio basal a los 7 días fue de 5 098,3±1 654 células/mm², tuvo variaciones mínimas inferiores a la unidad porcentual durante la etapa de estudio. Conclusiones: existió incremento del grosor epitelial posterior a LASIK que fue superior en defectos refractivos mayores de 4 dioptrías. La densidad celular del epitelio basal no tuvo variaciones significativas y fue independiente a la magnitud del defecto refractivo tratado.

Lift/cruise fan V/STOL technology aircraft design definition study. Volume 1: Technology flight vehicle definition

Science.gov (United States)

Obrien, W. J.

1976-01-01

Concept design is presented for two types of lift/cruise fan technology V/STOL aircraft, turbotip fans and the other using mechanically driven fans. The turbotip research technology aircraft reflects maximum usage of existing airframe components. The propulsion system consists of three turbotip fans pneumatically interconnected to three gas generators. Thrust modulation is accomplished by use of energy transfer and control system and thrust reduction modulation. This system can also be operated in the two engine/three fan mode. The mechanical RTA is virtually identical to the turbotip RTA with the exceptions that a different propulsion system and aft fuselage/tail are used. Both aircraft meet or exceed all of the mission performance guidelines and reflect a low cost, low risk approach.

Rapid thermal annealing of Ti-rich TiNi thin films: A new approach to fabricate patterned shape memory thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Motemani, Y.; Tan, M.J.; White, T.J.; Huang, W.M.

2011-01-01

This paper reports the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of Ti-rich TiNi thin films, synthesized by the co-sputtering of TiNi and Ti targets. Long-range order of aperiodic alloy could be achieved in a few seconds with the optimum temperature of 773 K. Longer annealing (773 K/240 s), transformed the film to a poorly ordered vitreous phase, suggesting a novel method for solid state amorphization. Reitveld refinement analyses showed significant differences in structural parameters of the films crystallized by rapid and conventional thermal annealing. Dependence of the elastic modulus on the valence electron density (VED) of the crystallized films was studied. It is suggested that RTA provides a new approach to fabricate patterned shape memory thin films.

Deep learning in breast cancer risk assessment: evaluation of convolutional neural networks on a clinical dataset of full-field digital mammograms.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Hui; Giger, Maryellen L; Huynh, Benjamin Q; Antropova, Natalia O

2017-10-01

To evaluate deep learning in the assessment of breast cancer risk in which convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with transfer learning are used to extract parenchymal characteristics directly from full-field digital mammographic (FFDM) images instead of using computerized radiographic texture analysis (RTA), 456 clinical FFDM cases were included: a "high-risk" BRCA1/2 gene-mutation carriers dataset (53 cases), a "high-risk" unilateral cancer patients dataset (75 cases), and a "low-risk dataset" (328 cases). Deep learning was compared to the use of features from RTA, as well as to a combination of both in the task of distinguishing between high- and low-risk subjects. Similar classification performances were obtained using CNN [area under the curve [Formula: see text]; standard error [Formula: see text

Caracterización de hojas de mazorca de maíz y de bagazo de caña para la elaboración de una pulpa celulósica mixta

OpenAIRE

Prado-Martínez, Maribel; Anzaldo-Hernández, José; Becerra-Aguilar, Bruno; Palacios-Juárez, Hilda; Vargas-Radillo, José de Jesús; Rentería-Urquiza, Maite

2012-01-01

En este artículo se presentan los resultados obtenidos en la caracterización química y morfológica de las hojas de mazorca de maíz (Zea mays) y del bagazo de caña (Saccharum officinarum L.). Se analizaron porcentajes de α-celulosa, holocelulosa, lignina y cenizas, según las Normas Tappi para cada componente y el método de Jayme-Wise. Se determinaron las propiedades biométricas de las fibras de cada planta (longitud y diámetro, grosor de la pared y diámetro del lumen). Además, se estimaron los...

Empleo de metodos numericos para el ajuste de los coeficientes de difusividad (D) y convectivo de transferencia de masa (hm) en el secado de alimentos

OpenAIRE

Arranz Saiz, Francisco Javier; Correa Hernando, Eva Cristina; Jiménez Ariza, Heidi Tatiana; Diezma Iglesias, Belen; Garcia-Herrero, Javier; Robla Villalba, José Ignacio; Barreiro Elorza, Pilar

2011-01-01

Los modelos matemáticos de transferencia de humedad desde el alimento al medio circundante durante el proceso de secado dependen de dos parámetros: coeficiente de difusividad efectiva D y coeficiente convectivo de transferencia de masa hm, cuya determinación experimental se basa en la consideración de un sistema difusivo sencillo de solución analítica bien conocida. Para el caso, que aquí nos ocupa, de difusión monodimensional en una lámina infinita de grosor 2l, la solución analítica de ...

Desarrollo de tecnologías de baja temperatura para la fabricación de células solares de heterounión de silicio

OpenAIRE

Morales Vilches, Anna Belén

2015-01-01

El desarrollo de la tecnología fotovoltaica de silicio cristalino ha llegado al punto en que la mejora de los dispositivos pasa, no tanto por un aumento de la eficiencia, como por la reducción del coste de fabricación. En este tipo de dispositivos el coste más importante se debe al propio sustrato de silicio cristalino. De manera que una reducción en el grosor de la oblea se reflejaría directamente en costes de producción más bajos, al disminuir la cantidad de material utilizado como sustrato...

early functional outcome of distal femoral fractures at kenyatta

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The leading cause was RTA, followed by falls from a height. ... Distal femoral fractures cause considerable morbidity .... as means and standard deviations. .... Anaesthesia. Spinal. 37 (80). General Anaesthesia (GA). 9 (20). Transfusion.

Road geometry as a factor for musculoskeletal injuries due to road traffic accidents in Sub-Himalayan State of Himachal Pradesh

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Sunil Kumar Raina

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs kill 1.25 million people each year and injure between 20 and 50 million more people with many incurring a disability as a result of their injury. The road environment (design and geometry can affect driver speed choice, thereby increasing chances of accidents.Materials and Methods: Patients attending tertiary care center for musculoskeletal injuries after an RTA were enrolled in the study. The data were collected using a standard questionnaire. The details on the geometry of the road (type of road; highway or other, metaled or nonmetaled, straight, and curved were obtaine through inspection wherever possible. Results: Majority of the RTAs occurred on state highways (n = 154/313, 49.7% followed by national highways (NH (n = 94/313, 30%. Link roads account for comparatively less number (n = 65/313, 20.7% of cases. Majority of the accidents occurred on metaled road (n = 268, 85.6%; however, the association of different vehicles involved in RTA with the condition of road was not found to be significant statistically (P > 0.5. Further, the majority of the RTA occurred on straight roads (n = 204, 65.1%. Conclusion: Road geometry is an important factor in RTAs as drivers generally tend to choose their speed based on their perception of the appropriate speed for the road geometry.

Risk factors for road traffic accidents in cats up to age 12 months that were registered between 2010 and 2013 with the UK pet cat cohort ('Bristol Cats').

Science.gov (United States)

Wilson, J L; Gruffydd-Jones, T J; Murray, J K

2017-02-25

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a common cause of death and injury in domestic cats, and a concern to many owners. This study assessed potential risk factors for RTAs in cats up to 12 months of age within a UK cat cohort known as 'The Bristol Cats study'. Data were obtained from three questionnaires, completed by cat owners when their cats were approximately 8-16 weeks old, 6 months old and 12 months old. Information was gathered regarding environmental conditions, cat characteristics and owner management factors. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between these factors and RTAs. Of 1264 eligible study cats, 49 (3.9 per cent) had been involved in an RTA, of which 71.4 per cent (35/49) were known to result in fatal injuries. Rural locations were associated with a higher odds of RTAs than towns, cities or suburban locations. An increased odds of an RTA was also associated with cats that were reported by their owners to hunt at the roadside, as well as cats whose owners classified the road by their house as being a 'long straight section of road'. No significant associations were found between coat colour, breed, sex or neuter status and the odds of an RTA. British Veterinary Association.

Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder among road traffic accident victims managed in a Tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria.

Science.gov (United States)

Asuquo, J E; Edet, B E; Abang, I E; Essien, E A; Osakwe, O G; Aigbomain, E J; Chigbundu, K C

2017-02-01

Psychological responses to traumatic events vary widely across different cultures but studies in the developing countries are scant. The objective of this study is to determine prevalence of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among patients involved in road traffic accident (RTA) compared with that of the general population using a matched control group. The study design was case control and employed the convenient sampling technique. All consecutive attendees of the trauma clinic of a Tertiary Hospital who had been involved in RTA in the previous year and met inclusion criteria were recruited to participate in the study. Controls were drawn from patient relatives attending other clinics in the same hospital. The final sample comprised of 46 cases and controls, totaling 92 participants. A Sociodemographic questionnaire, the PTSD, and depression modules of the Mini International neuropsychiatric interview were administered to both groups by trained research assistants. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. The prevalence of PTSD among cases was 41.3% compared with 13% among controls, whereas the prevalence of depression among cases was 63% compared with 30.4% among the controls. Both of these findings were statistically significant (P depression. Mental disorders such as PTSD and depression are common in victims of RTA. They would benefit from comanagement with mental health specialists.

Activation and deactivation in heavily boron-doped silicon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoo, Seung-Han; Ro, Jae-Sang

2003-01-01

A shallow p + /n junction was formed using a ultra-low-energy (ULE) implanter. Activation by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) exhibited both solid phase epitaxy, in which the sheet resistance dropped rapidly, and reverse annealing, in a manner similar to furnace annealing. The temperature ranges in which these phenomena were observed, however, were higher in the case of RTA processing than they were in the case of furnace annealing due to the low thermal budget associated with the former. Deactivation phenomena were investigated for the shallow source/drain junction based on measurements of the post-annealing time and temperature following the RTA treatments. We found that the deactivation kinetics was divided into two regions. In the first regions, the rate of deactivation increased exponentially with the annealing temperature up to 850 .deg. C. In the second regions, it was found to decrease linearly with the annealing temperature beyond 850 .deg. C. We believe that the first region is kinetically limited while the second is thermodynamically limited. We also observed 'transient enhanced deactivation' an anomalous increase in the sheet resistance during the early stage of annealing at temperatures higher than 800 .deg. C. The activation energy for transient enhanced deactivation was measured to be in the 1.75 ∼ 1.87 eV range while that for normal deactivation was found to be between 3.49 and 3.69 eV.

Low thermal budget annealing technique for high performance amorphous In-Ga-ZnO thin film transistors

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Joong-Won Shin

2017-07-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we investigate a low thermal budget post-deposition-annealing (PDA process for amorphous In-Ga-ZnO (a-IGZO oxide semiconductor thin-film-transistors (TFTs. To evaluate the electrical characteristics and reliability of the TFTs after the PDA process, microwave annealing (MWA and rapid thermal annealing (RTA methods were applied, and the results were compared with those of the conventional annealing (CTA method. The a-IGZO TFTs fabricated with as-deposited films exhibited poor electrical characteristics; however, their characteristics were improved by the proposed PDA process. The CTA-treated TFTs had excellent electrical properties and stability, but the CTA method required high temperatures and long processing times. In contrast, the fabricated RTA-treated TFTs benefited from the lower thermal budget due to the short process time; however, they exhibited poor stability. The MWA method uses a low temperature (100 °C and short annealing time (2 min because microwaves transfer energy directly to the substrate, and this method effectively removed the defects in the a-IGZO TFTs. Consequently, they had a higher mobility, higher on-off current ratio, lower hysteresis voltage, lower subthreshold swing, and higher interface trap density than TFTs treated with CTA or RTA, and exhibited excellent stability. Based on these results, low thermal budget MWA is a promising technology for use on various substrates in next generation displays.

Low thermal budget annealing technique for high performance amorphous In-Ga-ZnO thin film transistors

Science.gov (United States)

Shin, Joong-Won; Cho, Won-Ju

2017-07-01

In this paper, we investigate a low thermal budget post-deposition-annealing (PDA) process for amorphous In-Ga-ZnO (a-IGZO) oxide semiconductor thin-film-transistors (TFTs). To evaluate the electrical characteristics and reliability of the TFTs after the PDA process, microwave annealing (MWA) and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) methods were applied, and the results were compared with those of the conventional annealing (CTA) method. The a-IGZO TFTs fabricated with as-deposited films exhibited poor electrical characteristics; however, their characteristics were improved by the proposed PDA process. The CTA-treated TFTs had excellent electrical properties and stability, but the CTA method required high temperatures and long processing times. In contrast, the fabricated RTA-treated TFTs benefited from the lower thermal budget due to the short process time; however, they exhibited poor stability. The MWA method uses a low temperature (100 °C) and short annealing time (2 min) because microwaves transfer energy directly to the substrate, and this method effectively removed the defects in the a-IGZO TFTs. Consequently, they had a higher mobility, higher on-off current ratio, lower hysteresis voltage, lower subthreshold swing, and higher interface trap density than TFTs treated with CTA or RTA, and exhibited excellent stability. Based on these results, low thermal budget MWA is a promising technology for use on various substrates in next generation displays.

Transport phenomena in strongly correlated Fermi liquids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kontani, Hiroshi

2013-01-01

Comprehensive overview. Written by an expert of this topic. Provides the reader with current developments in the field. In conventional metals, various transport coefficients are scaled according to the quasiparticle relaxation time, τ, which implies that the relaxation time approximation (RTA) holds well. However, such a simple scaling does not hold in many strongly correlated electron systems, reflecting their unique electronic states. The most famous example would be cuprate high-Tc superconductors (HTSCs), where almost all the transport coefficients exhibit a significant deviation from the RTA results. To better understand the origin of this discrepancy, we develop a method for calculating various transport coefficients beyond the RTA by employing field theoretical techniques. Near the magnetic quantum critical point, the current vertex correction (CVC), which describes the electron-electron scattering beyond the relaxation time approximation, gives rise to various anomalous transport phenomena. We explain anomalous transport phenomena in cuprate HTSCs and other metals near their magnetic or orbital quantum critical point using a uniform approach. We also discuss spin related transport phenomena in strongly correlated systems. In many d- and f-electron systems, the spin current induced by the spin Hall effect is considerably greater because of the orbital degrees of freedom. This fact attracts much attention due to its potential application in spintronics. We discuss various novel charge, spin and heat transport phenomena in strongly correlated metals.

RF magnetron sputtered La3+-modified PZT thin films: Perovskite phase stabilization and properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singh, Ravindra; Goel, T.C.; Chandra, Sudhir

2008-01-01

In this work, we report the preparation of lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) thin films in pure perovskite phase by RF magnetron sputtering. Various deposition parameters such as target-to-substrate spacing, sputtering gas composition, deposition temperature, post-deposition annealing temperature and time have been optimized to obtain PLZT films in pure perovskite phase. The films prepared in pure argon at 100 W RF power without external substrate heating exhibit pure perovskite phase after rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 700 deg. C for 5 min. The film prepared at 225 deg. C substrate temperature also exhibits pure perovskite phase after RTA at 700 deg. C for 2 min. SIMS depth profile performed on one of the pure perovskite films (RTA at 700 deg. C for 5 min) shows very good stoichiometric uniformity of all elements of PLZT. The surface morphology of the films was examined using SEM and AFM. The dielectric, ferroelectric and electrical properties of the pure perovskite films were also investigated in detail. The remanent polarization for the films annealed at 700 deg. C for 5 and 2 min were found to be 15 and 13.5 μC cm -2 , respectively. Both the films have high DC resistivity of the order of 10 11 Ω cm at the electric field of ∼80 kV cm -1

High-temperature stability of chemically vapor-deposited tungsten-silicon couples rapid thermal annealed in ammonia and argon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Broadbent, E.K.; Morgan, A.E.; Flanner, J.M.; Coulman, B.; Sadana, D.K.; Burrow, B.J.; Ellwanger, R.C.

1988-01-01

A rapid thermal anneal (RTA) in an NH 3 ambient has been found to increase the thermal stability of W films chemically vapor deposited (CVD) on Si. W films deposited onto single-crystal Si by low-pressure CVD were rapid thermal annealed at temperatures between 500 and 1100 0 C in NH 3 and Ar ambients. The reactions were studied using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and four-point resistivity probe. High-temperature (≥1000 0 C) RTA in Ar completely converted W into the low resistivity (31 μΩ cm) tetragonal WSi 2 phase. In contrast, after a prior 900 0 C RTA in NH 3 , N inclusion within the W film and at the W/Si interface almost completely suppressed the W-Si reaction. Detailed examination, however, revealed some patches of WSi 2 formed at the interface accompanied by long tunnels extending into the substrate, and some crystalline precipitates in the substrate close to the interface. The associated interfacial contact resistance was only slightly altered by the 900 0 C NH 3 anneal. The NH 3 -treated W film acted as a diffusion barrier in an Al/W/Si contact metallurgy up to at least 550 0 C, at which point some increase in contact resistance was measured

Utilização do AutoCAD 2004 para quantificação de pesquisas usando fotomicrografias eletrônicas AutoCAD 2004 to quantify electron-photomicrography

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carla Albertina Martins Almeida

2007-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso do programa AutoCAD 2004 para estudos quantitativos em microscopia eletrônica. MÉTODOS: A demonstração da utilização do AutoCAD 2004 foi feita em um modelo experimental de diabetes induzido em ratos, divididos em Grupo Controle (GC-10 animais e Grupo Diabético (GD - 10 animais, avaliados 1 mês depois da indução do diabetes. Os olhos foram removidos após o sacrifício dos animais e preparados para exame em microscópio eletrônico, tendo sido feitas fotografias dos vasos retinianos. Foi utilizado o programa AutoCAD2004 para avaliar a espessura da membrana basal dos vasos. Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: Usando o método proposto foi possível realizar medidas quantitativas na membrana basal de vasos retinianos de ratos diabéticos. CONCLUSÃO: O AutoCAD 2004 se mostrou efetivo, seguro e de fácil utilização para a quantificação de fenômenos biológicos, sendo possível sugerir este meio para a realização de avaliações quantitativas em experimentos biológicos.OBJECTIVE: To determine if the AutoCAD 2004 program is available to be used in quantitative research on electron microscopy. METHODS: A demonstrative of the AutoCAD2004 was done in an experimental model of diabetes induced in rats. The animals were divided by lot in control group animals (GC-10 animals and diabetic group (GD - 10 animals, evaluated 1 month after the diabetes induction. The eyes were removed after sacrifice and prepared to electron microscopy. The retina was photographed and the AutoCAD2004 program was used to measure the basal membrane of retina vessels. The results were submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS: The AutoCAD2004 was effective to obtain quantitative measures from the basal membrane of retina vessels and there were no difference between the studied groups. CONCLUSION: The AutoCAD2004 was effective, safe and easy to apply to quantify biological parameters, which allowed suggest it to

Multi-modal trip planning system : Northeastern Illinois Regional Transportation Authority.

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-01

This report evaluates the Multi-Modal Trip Planner System (MMTPS) implemented by the Northeastern Illinois Regional Transportation Authority (RTA) against the specific functional objectives enumerated by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) in it...

Extending RTA/Linux with fixed-priority scheduling with deferred preemption

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bergsma, M.; Holenderski, M.J.; Bril, R.J.; Lukkien, J.J.; Petters, S.M.; Zijlstra, P.

2009-01-01

Fixed-Priority Scheduling with Deferred Preemption (FPDS) is a middle ground between Fixed-Priority Pre-emptive Scheduling and Fixed-Priority Non-preemptive Scheduling, and offers advantages with respect to context switch overhead and resource access control. In this paper we present our work on

Road traffic accidents and posttraumatic stress disorder in an orthopedic setting in south-eastern Nigeria: a controlled study

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-01

Background Psychiatric liaison services are rare in trauma units of various hospitals in Nigeria and other sub-Saharan African countries. The occurrence of road traffic accidents (RTAs) resulting from low standard of road construction and inadequate maintenance have been on the increase in Nigeria. While the physical consequences of such RTAs are obvious, the psychological consequences are often not apparent. This study assessed the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims of RTAs and compared same with controls drawn from a population who have not experienced RTAs. It also assessed the associated socio-demographic variables. Method Study population consisted of one hundred and fifty RTA victims and two different control groups drawn from the population consisting of staffs of Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria and that of National Orthopedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, 150 people in each control group were matched for age and sex with the RTA victims and they were interviewed with PTSD module of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and their socio-demographic variables obtained with socio-demographic questionnaire. Results The prevalence of PTSD among RTA victims and the two control groups were 26.7%, 8.0% and 8.7% respectively. The difference in prevalence was statistically significant with RTA victims more likely to experience PTSD compared to the two control groups (X2 = 27.23, df = 2, p = 0.001). Gender influenced the prevalence of PTSD among victims of RTAs and the controls, with females more likely to experience PTSD when compared to the males. Among victims of RTAs, being gainfully employed prior to the accidents increased the likelihood of developing PTSD and this was statistically significant (X2 = 20.09, df = 1, p = 0.000). Conclusions There is urgent need to pay more attention to developing consultation-liaison psychiatry services in trauma units of Nigerian hospitals, including orthopedic hospitals

Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Behavior of H-TiO2 Nanorods Hydrogenated by Controlled and Local Rapid Thermal Annealing.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Xiaodan; Estradé, Sonia; Lin, Yuanjing; Yu, Feng; Lopez-Conesa, Lluis; Zhou, Hao; Gurram, Sanjeev Kumar; Peiró, Francesca; Fan, Zhiyong; Shen, Hao; Schaefer, Lothar; Braeuer, Guenter; Waag, Andreas

2017-12-01

Recently, colored H-doped TiO 2 (H-TiO 2 ) has demonstrated enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance due to its unique crystalline core-disordered shell nanostructures and consequent enhanced conduction behaviors between the core-shell homo-interfaces. Although various hydrogenation approaches to obtain H-TiO 2 have been developed, such as high temperature hydrogen furnace tube annealing, high pressure hydrogen annealing, hydrogen-plasma assisted reaction, aluminum reduction and electrochemical reduction etc., there is still a lack of a hydrogenation approach in a controlled manner where all processing parameters (temperature, time and hydrogen flux) were precisely controlled in order to improve the PEC performance of H-TiO 2 and understand the physical insight of enhanced PEC performance. Here, we report for the first time a controlled and local rapid thermal annealing (RTA) approach to prepare hydrogenated core-shell H-TiO 2 nanorods grown on F:SnO 2 (FTO) substrate in order to address the degradation issue of FTO in the typical TiO 2 nanorods/FTO system observed in the conventional non-RTA treated approaches. Without the FTO degradation in the RTA approach, we systematically studied the intrinsic relationship between the annealing temperature, structural, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties in order to understand the role of the disordered shell on the improved photoelectrochemical behavior of H-TiO 2 nanorods. Our investigation shows that the improvement of PEC performance could be attributed to (i) band gap narrowing from 3.0 to 2.9 eV; (ii) improved optical absorption in the visible range induced by the three-dimensional (3D) morphology and rough surface of the disordered shell; (iii) increased proper donor density; (iv) enhanced electron-hole separation and injection efficiency due to the formation of disordered shell after hydrogenation. The RTA approach developed here can be used as a suitable hydrogenation process for TiO 2 nanorods

Road traffic accidents and posttraumatic stress disorder in an orthopedic setting in south-eastern Nigeria: a controlled study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Uwakwe Richard

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Psychiatric liaison services are rare in trauma units of various hospitals in Nigeria and other sub-Saharan African countries. The occurrence of road traffic accidents (RTAs resulting from low standard of road construction and inadequate maintenance have been on the increase in Nigeria. While the physical consequences of such RTAs are obvious, the psychological consequences are often not apparent. This study assessed the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD among victims of RTAs and compared same with controls drawn from a population who have not experienced RTAs. It also assessed the associated socio-demographic variables. Method Study population consisted of one hundred and fifty RTA victims and two different control groups drawn from the population consisting of staffs of Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria and that of National Orthopedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, 150 people in each control group were matched for age and sex with the RTA victims and they were interviewed with PTSD module of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI and their socio-demographic variables obtained with socio-demographic questionnaire. Results The prevalence of PTSD among RTA victims and the two control groups were 26.7%, 8.0% and 8.7% respectively. The difference in prevalence was statistically significant with RTA victims more likely to experience PTSD compared to the two control groups (X2 = 27.23, df = 2, p = 0.001. Gender influenced the prevalence of PTSD among victims of RTAs and the controls, with females more likely to experience PTSD when compared to the males. Among victims of RTAs, being gainfully employed prior to the accidents increased the likelihood of developing PTSD and this was statistically significant (X2 = 20.09, df = 1, p = 0.000. Conclusions There is urgent need to pay more attention to developing consultation-liaison psychiatry services in trauma units of Nigerian hospitals

Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to azithromycin and ceftriaxone in China: A retrospective study of national surveillance data from 2013 to 2016.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yue-Ping Yin

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Gonorrhea remains one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. Successful treatment has been hampered by emerging resistance to each of the antibiotics recommended as first-line therapies. We retrospectively analyzed the susceptibility of gonorrhea to azithromycin and ceftriaxone using data from the China Gonococcal Resistance Surveillance Programme (China-GRSP in order to provide evidence for updating the treatment recommendations in China.In this study, we included 3,849 isolates collected from patients with a confirmed positive Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae culture at clinic visits during the period of 1 January 2013 through 31 December 2016 in 7 provinces. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gonorrhea isolates using agar dilution was conducted to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC. Resistance to azithromycin (RTA was defined as MIC ≥ 1.0 mg/l, and decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone (DSC was defined as MIC ≥ 0.125 mg/l. The prevalence of isolates with RTA was 18.6% (710/3,827; 95% CI 17.4%-19.8%. The percentage of patients with DSC fluctuated between 9.7% and 12.2% over this period. The overall prevalence of isolates with both RTA and DSC was 2.3% (87/3,827; 95% CI 1.9%-2.8% and it increased from 1.9% in 2013 to 3.3% in 2016 (chi-squared test for trend, P = 0.03. Study limitations include the retrospective study design and potential biases in the sample, which may overrepresent men with symptomatic infection, coastal residents, and people reporting as heterosexual.To our knowledge, this is the first national study on susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to azithromycin and ceftriaxone in China. Our findings indicate high rates of RTA and DSC from 2013 to 2016. Although dual therapy with azithromycin and ceftriaxone has been recommended by WHO and many countries to treat gonorrhea, reevaluation of this therapy is needed prior to its introduction in China.

Return-to-activity after anatomical reconstruction of acute high-grade acromioclavicular separation.

Science.gov (United States)

Saier, T; Plath, J E; Beitzel, K; Minzlaff, P; Feucht, J M; Reuter, S; Martetschläger, F; Imhoff, Andreas B; Aboalata, M; Braun, S

2016-04-02

To evaluate return-to-activity (RtA) after anatomical reconstruction of acute high-grade acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) separation. A total of 42 patients with anatomical reconstruction of acute high-grade ACJ-separation (Rockwood Type V) were surveyed to determine RtA at a mean 31 months follow-up (f-u). Sports disciplines, intensity, level of competition, participation in overhead and/or contact sports, as well as activity scales (DASH-Sport-Module, Tegner Activity Scale) were evaluated. Functional outcome evaluation included Constant score and QuickDASH. All patients (42/42) participated in sporting activities at f-u. Neither participation in overhead/contact sports, nor level of activity declined significantly (n.s.). 62 % (n = 26) of patients reported subjective sports specific ACJ integrity to be at least the same as prior to the trauma. Sporting intensity (hours/week: 7.3 h to 5.4 h, p = .004) and level of competition (p = .02) were reduced. If activity changed, in 50 % other reasons but clinical symptoms/impairment were named for modified behavior. QuickDASH (mean 6, range 0-54, SD 11) and DASH-Sport-Module (mean 6, range 0-56, SD 13) revealed only minor disabilities at f-u. Over time Constant score improved significant to an excellent score (mean 94, range 86-100, SD 4; p < .001). Functional outcome was not correlated with RtA (n.s.). All patients participated in sporting activities after anatomical reconstruction of high-grade (Rockwood Type V) ACJ-separation. With a high functional outcome there was no significant change in activity level (Tegner) and participation in overhead and/or contact sports observed. There was no correlation between functional outcome and RtA. Limiting, there were alterations in time spent for sporting activities and level of competition observed. But in 50 % those were not related to ACJ symptoms/impairment. Unrelated to successful re-established integrity and function of the ACJ it should be considered that

Cranial nerve palsies in Nigerian children

African Journals Online (AJOL)

PROF. EZECHUKWU

2014-01-08

Jan 8, 2014 ... Introduction. Cranial nerve palsy is a common clinical problem ... Methodology ... The two cases with three-nerve involvement were re- lated to viral encephalitis and cerebral contusion from ... RTA = road traffic accident.

Renal Tubular Acidosis

Science.gov (United States)

... is called transport. One researcher has theorized that Charles Dickens may have been describing a child with ... urine and the potassium level in the blood will help identify which type of RTA a person ...

WAJM 28 (5).pmd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

Toucher rectal pour les tumeurs de la prostate et du rectum: Connaissance et ... PSA, Prostate Specific Antigen; RTA, Rectal Teaching Associate; SPETA, ... ability to diagnose prostatic and rectal ..... have felt benign prostate between one.

Integration of Robotic Perception and Action

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — This proposal aims at approaching two of the top technical challenges in the NASA RTA Roadmap using a novel approach. For a high dexterity robot that is equipped...

Sizeable magnetic circular dichroism of artificially precipitated Co clusters in amorphous carbon

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H. S. Hsu

2012-09-01

Full Text Available This study examines sizeable magnetic circular dichroism (MCD in Co(20%-doped amorphous carbon (a-C films. While as-grown films exhibit a non-detectable MCD signal, films that undergo rapid thermal annealing (RTA at 600°C in a vacuum yield broad MCD spectra with a large amplitude of ∼3.9 × 104 deg/cm in saturation field 0.78 T at the σ-σ* gap transition (∼5.5 eV. In such films after RTA, the metastable Co-C bonding is decomposed and suitable Co nanoparticles/a-C interfaces are thus formed. Our results indicate that the large change in MCD is contributed from Co nanoparticles and associated with the spin-dependent electronic structure at the Co/a-C interfaces.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta with Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis: A Novel Syndrome?

Science.gov (United States)

Misgar, R A; Hassan, Z; Wani, A I; Bashir, M I

2017-01-01

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a heterogeneous group of inherited dental enamel defects. It has rarely been reported in association with multiorgan syndromes and metabolic disorders. The metabolic disorders that have been reported in association with AI include hypocalciuria, impaired urinary concentrating ability, and Bartter-like syndrome. In literature, only three cases of AI and distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) have been described: two cases in adults and a solitary case in the pediatric age group. Here, we report a child with AI presenting with dRTA; to the best of our knowledge, our reported case is the only second such case in pediatric age group. Our case highlights the importance of recognizing the possibility of renal abnormalities in patients with AI as it will affect the long-term prognosis.

Amelogenesis imperfecta with distal renal tubular acidosis: A novel syndrome?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R A Misgar

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI is a heterogeneous group of inherited dental enamel defects. It has rarely been reported in association with multiorgan syndromes and metabolic disorders. The metabolic disorders that have been reported in association with AI include hypocalciuria, impaired urinary concentrating ability, and Bartter-like syndrome. In literature, only three cases of AI and distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA have been described: two cases in adults and a solitary case in the pediatric age group. Here, we report a child with AI presenting with dRTA; to the best of our knowledge, our reported case is the only second such case in pediatric age group. Our case highlights the importance of recognizing the possibility of renal abnormalities in patients with AI as it will affect the long-term prognosis.

The effect of excimer laser pretreatment on diffusion and activation of boron implanted in silicon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Monakhov, E.V.; Svensson, B.G.; Linnarsson, M.K.; La Magna, A.; Italia, M.; Privitera, V.; Fortunato, G.; Cuscuna, M.; Mariucci, L.

2005-01-01

We have investigated the effect of excimer laser annealing (ELA) on transient enhanced diffusion (TED) and activation of boron implanted in Si during subsequent rapid thermal annealing (RTA). It is observed that ELA with partial melting of the implanted region causes reduction of TED in the region that remains solid during ELA, where the diffusion length of boron is reduced by a factor of ∼4 as compared to the as-implanted sample. This is attributed to several mechanisms such as liquid-state annealing of a fraction of the implantation induced defects, introduction of excess vacancies during ELA, and solid-state annealing of the defects beyond the maximum melting depth by the heat wave propagating into the Si wafer. The ELA pretreatment provides a substantially improved electrical activation of boron during subsequent RTA

Utilización de los hospitales públicos por la población extranjera en Aragón (2004-2007 Public hospital utilization by the foreign population in Aragon, Spain (2004-2007

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wafa Ben Cheikh

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Describir las tasas de hospitalización y la morbilidad hospitalaria de la población extranjera residente en Aragón, según el país de nacimiento, entre 2004 y 2007, y compararlas con las de la población autóctona. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo de las altas hospitalarias de la población extranjera en los hospitales públicos de Aragón. Las tasas de utilización se estimaron según variables de sexo, edad, país de nacimiento y diagnóstico principal. Para la estimación de la razón de tasas (RT de utilización y sus intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95% se utilizó la regresión de Poisson. Resultados: Las tasas siempre fueron más bajas en la población extranjera (RT ajustada [RTa]: 0,52; IC95%: 0,51-0,56, excepto en el grupo de mujeres entre 15 y 24 años de edad (RT: 2,9; IC95%: 2,8-3,0 y en las nacidas en el Magreb (RTa: 1,8; IC95%: 1,7-1,9, África Subsahariana (RTa: 2,0; IC95%: 1,9-2,1 y Asia (RTa: 1,4; IC95%: 1,3-1,6. Excluyendo las altas hospitalarias por motivos gineco-obstétricos, sólo las mujeres nacidas en África Subsahariana siguieron teniendo RTa superiores a 1. Estas mujeres presentaron tasas de hospitalización mayores en los grupos de enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias (RTa: 2,5; IC95%: 1,9-3,3 y de la sangre y hematopoyéticas (RTa: 2,8; IC95%: 1,9-4,1. Conclusiones: En Aragón, los extranjeros utilizan menos los hospitales públicos que la población autóctona. El perfil de morbilidad atendida varía según el país de nacimiento. Las enfermedades prevalentes en sus países de nacimiento, junto con las enfermedades hereditarias, pueden ocasionar una mayor tasa de utilización hospitalaria.Objectives: To describe hospitalization rates and hospital morbidity among the foreign population residing in Aragon (Spain by country of birth, between 2004 and 2007, and to compare these rates with those in the autochthonous population. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study was carried out

Untitled

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India. "Lehrstuhl fur Elektronische ... reaction of Co and Si by use of rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The Ge" ion implantation ... reduce the risk of reaction with oxide films. Thus the SALICIDE ...

Microstructural modifications induced by rapid thermal annealing in plasma deposited SiOxNyHz films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prado, A. del; San Andres, E.; Martil, I.; Gonzalez-Diaz, G.; Bravo, D.; Lopez, F.J.; Fernandez, M.; Martinez, F.L.

2003-01-01

The effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) processes on the structural properties of SiO x N y H z films was investigated. The samples were deposited by the electron cyclotron resonance plasma method, using SiH 4 , O 2 and N 2 as precursor gases. For SiO x N y H z films with composition close to that of SiO 2 , which have a very low H content, RTA induces thermal relaxation of the lattice and improvement of the structural order. For films of intermediate composition and of compositions close to SiN y H z , the main effect of RTA is the release of H at high temperatures (T>700 deg. C). This H release is more significant in films containing both Si-H and N-H bonds, due to cooperative reactions between both kinds of bonds. In these films the degradation of structural order associated to H release prevails over thermal relaxation, while in those films with only N-H bonds, thermal relaxation predominates. For annealing temperatures in the 500-700 deg. C range, the passivation of dangling bonds by the nonbonded H in the films and the transition from the paramagnetic state to the diamagnetic state of the K center result in a decrease of the density of paramagnetic defects. The H release observed at high annealing temperatures is accompanied by an increase of density of paramagnetic defects

PTSD in post-road traffic accident patients requiring hospitalization in Indian subcontinent: A review on magnitude of the problem and management guidelines.

Science.gov (United States)

Undavalli, Chaitanya; Das, Piyush; Dutt, Taru; Bhoi, Sanjeev; Kashyap, Rahul

2014-10-01

Traumatic events after a road traffic accident (RTA) can be physical and/or psychological. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the major psychological conditions which affect accident victims. Psychological issues may not be addressed in the emergency department(ED) immediately. There have been reports about a mismatch between the timely referrals from ED to occupational or primary care services for these issues. If left untreated, there may be adverse effects on quality of life (QOL) and work productivity. Hospital expenses, loss of income, and loss of work could create a never ending cycle for financial difficulties and burden in trauma victims. The aim of our review is to address the magnitude of PTSD in post-RTA hospitalized patients in Indian subcontinent population. We also attempted to emphasis on few management guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted on major databases with Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) term 'PTSD or post-traumatic stress' and Emergency department and vehicle or road or highway or automobile or car or truck or trauma and India. Out of 120 studies, a total of six studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Our interpretation of the problem is that; hospital expenditure due to trauma, time away from work during hospitalization, and reduction in work performance, are three major hits that can lead RTA victims to financial crisis. Proposed management guidelines are; establish a coordinated triage, implementing a screening tool in the ED, and provide psychological counseling.

Defect engineering via ion implantation to control B diffusion in Si

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Canino, M.; Regula, G.; Xu, M.; Ntzoenzok, E.; Pichaud, B.

2009-01-01

The processes which are currently studied in the fabrication of B-doped ultra shallow junctions (USJ) usually involve a preamorphization step to reduce B channelling effect during implantation and to improve B electrical activation. At this stage a high amount of Si interstitial atoms (Is), which dramatically increases the B diffusivity, is introduced. The introduction of voids in Si is a promising tool to control B transient enhanced diffusion (TED), because of their ability to capture Is. In this work the efficiency of a cavity band to reduce B TED is checked in silicon interstitial supersaturation conditions, obtained by high dose Si implantation. He is implanted either at 10 keV or at 50 keV with a fluence of 5 x 10 16 cm -2 . Conventional techniques to introduce and activate the B (conventional ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing (RTA)) are applied in order to have a better control of the technological process to focus on the benefit of the cavity layer. The samples were characterized by cross section transmission electron microscopy (XTEM), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and Hall Effect (HE). The latter shows that good activation of the B is achieved only after 1000 deg. C RTA, though a 900 deg. C RTA is sufficient for implantation-damage recovery, as it is confirmed by XTEM observations. B SIMS profiles show that the band of cavities plays its best effect in reducing B TED when it is located near the surface.

Mechanism of the protective effects of the combined treatment with rhynchophylla total alkaloids and sinapine thiocyanate against a prothrombotic state caused by vascular endothelial cell inflammatory damage.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Yunlun; Zhang, Xinya; Yang, Wenqing; Li, Chao; Chu, Yanjun; Jiang, Haiqiang; Shen, Zhenzhen

2017-06-01

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and the underlying mechanism of the combined treatment of rhynchophylla total alkaloids (RTA) and sinapine thiocyanate for protection against a prothrombotic state (PTS) associated with the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced inflammatory injury of vascular endothelial cells (VECs). A TNF-α-induced VEC inflammatory injury model was established, and cell morphology of VECs was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed to examine the mRNA and protein expression of coagulation-related factors, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tissue factor (TF), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), protease-activation receptors (PAR-1) and protein kinase C (PKC-α) in VECs. Combined treatment with RTA and sinapine thiocyanate was demonstrated to reduce, to a varying extent, the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB, TGF-β1, TF, PAR-1, PKC-α and PAI-1. Furthermore, combined treatment with RTA and sinapine thiocyanate was able to downregulate the expression of coagulation-related factors in injured VECs, thereby inhibiting the PTS induced by vascular endothelial injury. The underlying mechanism is partially associated with the TF-mediated activation of the thrombin-receptor signaling pathway that suppresses coagulation during inflammation and balances fibrinolysis in order to inhibit fibrin generation and deposition.

Oral health survey of the military personnel deployed to the southernmost provinces of Thailand.

Science.gov (United States)

Sutthavong, Sirikarn; Ukritchon, Supak; Rangsin, Ram

2014-02-01

Dental problems are some of the major health problems of deployed miilitaly personnel. There have been no systematically reports of oral health information survey among the deployed military personnel in Thailand. The present study was to determine the oral health problems of the deployed military personnel and effects on personnel fitness. A cross-sectional study and a cluster sampling were conducted during April 2011 and March 2013. The Royal Thai Army (RTA) personnel 12 out of21 task forces in southern most provinces were invited to participate in the study. A standardized questionnaire was used. In total, 2,884 RTA deployed personnel voluntarily participated and completed the questionnaire infonnrmation. Their mean age was 27.8 +/- 9.4 years old. Fifty percent admitted that they had oral problems during the past six months and the most common ones were toothache/hypersensitivity (32.4%), and dental caries (21.5%). The majority of the participants (60.7%) reported that they experienced oral health problems less than 3 times and 2.8% reported sick leave during deployment because of oral conditions. 64.4% reported that their oral problems affected their quality of life and disturbed their duties. A relatively high prevalence oforal health problems was reported by the deployed RTA personnel. The problems affected their quality of life and assigned duties. Most ofthe problems were neglected. In order to keep the RTApersonnel fit for deployment, an effective dental health program should be developed.

Boron-enhanced diffusion in excimer laser annealed Si

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Monakhov, E.V.; Svensson, B.G.; Linnarsson, M.K.; La Magna, A.; Privitera, V.; Fortunato, G.; Mariucci, L.

2004-01-01

The effect of excimer laser annealing (ELA) and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on B redistribution in B-implanted Si has been studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and spreading resistance probe (SRP). B has been implanted with an energy of 1 keV and a dose of 10 16 cm -2 forming a distribution with a width of 20-30 nm and a peak concentration of ∼5 x 10 21 cm -3 . It has been found that ELA with 10 pulses of the energy density of 850 mJ/cm 2 results in a uniform B distribution over the ELA-molten region with an abrupt profile edge. SRP measurements demonstrate good activation of the implanted B after ELA, with the concentration of the activated fraction (∼10 21 cm -3 ) exceeding the solid solubility level. RTA (30 s at 1100 deg. C) of the as-implanted and ELA-treated samples leads to a diffusion of B with diffusivities exceeding the equilibrium one and the enhancement is similar for both of the samples. It is also found that RTA decreases the activated B in the ELA-treated sample to the solid solubility limit (2 x 10 20 cm -3 ). The similarity of the B diffusivity for the as-implanted and ELA-treated samples suggests that the enhancement of the B diffusivity is due to the so-called boron-enhanced diffusion (BED). Possible mechanisms of BED are discussed

High-temperature stability of chemically vapor-deposited tungsten-silicon couples rapid thermal annealed in ammonia and argon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Broadbent, E.K.; Morgan, A.E.; Flanner, J.M.; Coulman, B.; Sadana, D.K.; Burrow, B.J.; Ellwanger, R.C.

1988-12-15

A rapid thermal anneal (RTA) in an NH/sub 3/ ambient has been found to increase the thermal stability of W films chemically vapor deposited (CVD) on Si. W films deposited onto single-crystal Si by low-pressure CVD were rapid thermal annealed at temperatures between 500 and 1100 /sup 0/C in NH/sub 3/ and Ar ambients. The reactions were studied using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and four-point resistivity probe. High-temperature (greater than or equal to1000 /sup 0/C) RTA in Ar completely converted W into the low resistivity (31 ..mu cap omega.. cm) tetragonal WSi/sub 2/ phase. In contrast, after a prior 900 /sup 0/C RTA in NH/sub 3/, N inclusion within the W film and at the W/Si interface almost completely suppressed the W-Si reaction. Detailed examination, however, revealed some patches of WSi/sub 2/ formed at the interface accompanied by long tunnels extending into the substrate, and some crystalline precipitates in the substrate close to the interface. The associated interfacial contact resistance was only slightly altered by the 900 /sup 0/C NH/sub 3/ anneal. The NH/sub 3/-treated W film acted as a diffusion barrier in an Al/W/Si contact metallurgy up to at least 550 /sup 0/C, at which point some increase in contact resistance was measured.

The role of disease-linked residue glutamine-913 in support of the structure and function of the human electrogenic sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1-A.

Science.gov (United States)

Myers, Evan J; Marshall, Aniko; Parker, Mark D

2018-02-15

Mutations in the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1 (SLC4A4) cause proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA). We recently described a novel pRTA mutation p.Gln913Arg (Q913R), inherited in compound heterozygous form with p.Arg510His (R510H). Q913R causes intracellular retention of NBCe1 and a 'gain of function' Cl - leak. To learn more about the importance of glutamine at position 913, we substituted a variety of alternative amino-acid residues (Cys, Glu, Lys, Leu, Ser) at position 913. Studying cRNA-injected Xenopus oocytes by voltage clamp, we find that most de novo mutants exhibit close-to-normal NBCe1 activity; only Q913K expresses a Cl - leak. Studying transiently-transfected, polarised kidney cells by fluorescence microscopy we find that most de novo mutants (except Q913E) are intracellularly retained. A 3D homology model predicts that Gln913 is located in the gating domain of NBCe1 and neighbours the 3D space occupied by another pRTA-associated residue (Arg881), highlighting an important and conformationally-sensitive region of NBCe1. We conclude that the intracellular retention of Q913R is caused by the loss of Gln at position 913, but that the manifestation of the Cl - leak is related to the introduction of Arg at position 913. Our findings will inform future studies to elucidate the nature and the consequences of the leak.

Prevalence of Oral and Maxillofacial Injuries among Patients ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Diagnoses of the different types of hard and soft tissue injuries were done by ... a result of wounding or external violence. ... traffic accident (RTA), falls, assaults, sports, domestic and ..... With regard to gender, male to female ratio distribution.

Optimización de parámetros de deposición de capas delgadas de cobre utilizando diseño de experimentos

OpenAIRE

Shirkavand, Nazanin

2013-01-01

Una investigación, denominada Optimización de parámetros de deposición de capas delgadas de cobre utilizando diseño de experimentos y desarrollada en el Centro de Investigación en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales (CICIMA), de la Universidad de Costa Rica, tuvo como objetivo poder encontrar la relación de los parámetros del magnetrón (presión, potencia y tiempo) con el grosor de formación de las capas delgadas de cobre. Se utilizó el método estadístico de 2K (donde K es el número de parámetr...

Validación de la enteroscopia de doble balón (EDB) en el perro (Canis lupus familiaris, L).

OpenAIRE

Sarriá Cabrera, Ricardo

2013-01-01

OBJETIVOS 1. Evaluar de forma detallada la morfología del intestino delgado en el perro y su relación con las condiciones de seguridad necesarias para la aplicación de la EDB (artículo 1). 2. Contribuir a la caracterización de la histología normal del intestino del perro mediante la cuantificación sistemática del grosor de sus túnicas (artículo 2). 3. Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la técnica de EDB en el perro tanto vía oral (artículo 3) como vía anal (artículo 4). METOD...

Medición histológica micrométrica de capa muscular gástrica de pacientes obesos

OpenAIRE

Azabache C,Verónica

2011-01-01

Consideramos que la medición de la pared del estómago es importante en el desarrollo de la cirugía gástrica, no encontramos estudios histológicos previos en relación al grosor de ella. Considerando que la capa muscular ofrece la mayor resistencia durante los procedimientos de corte y sutura mecánica se plantea la medición histológica en micrones del músculo gástrico de estómagos sanos resecados por técnica bariátrica resectiva. Se realizó un protocolo para recolección de datos clínicos y de p...

Influence of Rapid Thermal Annealing on the Characteristics of InGaN/GaN MQWs

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Tian Yuan

2016-01-01

Full Text Available N-type InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-wells (MQWs were grown on sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD. The crystal quality and optical properties of samples after rapid thermal annealing (RTA at different temperatures in a range from 400 to 800°C are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD and photoluminescence (PL spectrum. The experimental results show that the peaks of InGaN, InN and In can be observed in all samples. And the results are induced by the phase separation and In-clusters. The luminescence peak of the samples annealed showed a red shift. It is caused by strain stress relaxation during the RTA process. Furthermore, some defects can be eliminated and the best annealing temperature is from 500°C to 700°C.

Preventing dewetting during rapid-thermal annealing of FePt films with enhanced L1{sub 0} ordering by introducing Ag cap-layers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hsiao, S.N., E-mail: pmami.hsiao@gmail.com [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan (China); Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (China); Wu, S.C. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (China); Liu, S.H. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan (China); Tsai, J.L., E-mail: tsaijl@dragon.nchu.edu.tw [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (China); Chen, S.K. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan (China); Chang, Y.C. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (China); Lee, H.Y. [Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan (China)

2015-11-15

High-order FePt continuous films with a strong (001) texture were fabricated on a glass substrate by introducing Ag layers and rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The dewetting of the (001)-textured FePt was suppressed during RTA with high heating rates (>80 K/s). The Ag cap layers not only increased the in-plane tensile stress, but also improved the (001) anisotropy and L1{sub 0} ordering of the FePt layers. All continuous Ag/FePt bilayer films possessed strong perpendicular anisotropies and high-ordered states irrespective of the Ag layer thickness. - Highlights: • Dewetting of (001) FePt fims were suppressed by introducing Ag cap layers. • Ag layers enhanced in-plane tensile stress, (001) texture and L1{sub 0} ordering. • Irrespective of Ag thickness, the Ag/FePt films exhibited strong (001) texture.

Preventing dewetting during rapid-thermal annealing of FePt films with enhanced L10 ordering by introducing Ag cap-layers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hsiao, S.N.; Wu, S.C.; Liu, S.H.; Tsai, J.L.; Chen, S.K.; Chang, Y.C.; Lee, H.Y.

2015-01-01

High-order FePt continuous films with a strong (001) texture were fabricated on a glass substrate by introducing Ag layers and rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The dewetting of the (001)-textured FePt was suppressed during RTA with high heating rates (>80 K/s). The Ag cap layers not only increased the in-plane tensile stress, but also improved the (001) anisotropy and L1 0 ordering of the FePt layers. All continuous Ag/FePt bilayer films possessed strong perpendicular anisotropies and high-ordered states irrespective of the Ag layer thickness. - Highlights: • Dewetting of (001) FePt fims were suppressed by introducing Ag cap layers. • Ag layers enhanced in-plane tensile stress, (001) texture and L1 0 ordering. • Irrespective of Ag thickness, the Ag/FePt films exhibited strong (001) texture

Energy band structure tailoring of vertically aligned InAs/GaAsSb quantum dot structure for intermediate-band solar cell application by thermal annealing process.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Wei-Sheng; Chu, Ting-Fu; Huang, Tien-Hao

2014-12-15

This study presents an band-alignment tailoring of a vertically aligned InAs/GaAs(Sb) quantum dot (QD) structure and the extension of the carrier lifetime therein by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Arrhenius analysis indicates a larger activation energy and thermal stability that results from the suppression of In-Ga intermixing and preservation of the QD heterostructure in an annealed vertically aligned InAs/GaAsSb QD structure. Power-dependent and time-resolved photoluminescence were utilized to demonstrate the extended carrier lifetime from 4.7 to 9.4 ns and elucidate the mechanisms of the antimony aggregation resulting in a band-alignment tailoring from straddling to staggered gap after the RTA process. The significant extension in the carrier lifetime of the columnar InAs/GaAsSb dot structure make the great potential in improving QD intermediate-band solar cell application.

Acute gluteal compartment syndrome: superior gluteal artery rupture following a low energy injury.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Aubrey; Chitre, Vivek; Deo, Hersh

2012-12-17

Acute compartment syndrome affecting the gluteal region is rare when compared to the same condition in the forearm or calf. When it does occur, it is usually due to prolonged immobilisation in those with altered consciousness. Gluteal compartment syndrome resulting from injury to the superior gluteal artery is extremely rare and to our knowledge has been described only twice--both after high-energy road traffic accidents (RTA). Other cases have described profound hypotension with superior gluteal artery injury after an RTA and falling off a horse, without acute gluteal compartment syndrome. We present a case of gluteal compartment syndrome due to rupture of the superior gluteal artery following a relatively minor fall. The patient required an emergency fasciotomy, which was performed within 4 h of the injury. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition.

Trauma, a new cause of death, disability and economic loss in Juba

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2011-05-02

May 2, 2011 ... 6 weeks. Figure 1 shows that road traffic accidents (RTA) were the commonest cause of injury .... Nagy for helping with computer work. ... displaced and compressed resulting in a secondary obstruction of the left sided foramen ...

Fulltext PDF

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

2014-12-10

Dec 10, 2014 ... 3Department of Pediatrics B, Children's Hospital of Tunis, Boulevard 9 avril, Bab Saadoun, Jabbary, ... In this work, we describe the clinical features and mole- .... tubules accounts for all the known genetic causes of dRTA.

Spinal cord injuries in Ilorin, Nigeria | Solagberu | West African ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

RTA), falls, sports and some misadventures. This study was carried out to examine the aetiology of SCI in Ilorin, Nigeria; factors contributory to morbility and mortality and to suggest measures for reducing them. Methods: Age, sex, mechanism of ...

The Public Health Threat of Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria: A Call ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

disability. Do RTA constitute a public health problem in Nigeria? If so, is there a pragmatic ... national importance that needs urgent attention aimed at reducing the health, social, and ... of traveling occasioned by not feeling safe on the roads.

EFFECT OF NUMBER OF FUNCTIONAL LEAVES AT FLOWERING ON YIELD OF BANANA GRAND NAINE (Musa AAA Simmonds EFECTO DEL NÚMERO DE HOJAS FUNCIONALES A LA FLORACIÓN SOBRE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE BANANO GRAN ENANO (Musa AAA Simmonds

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carolina Rodríguez González

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract. The effect of the selective removal of leaves at flowering on yield, growth, maturity and quality of Grand Nain banana fruits was evaluated. The present study was conducted in three regions of Urabá (Colombia with precipitation low (experiment 1, medium (experiment 2 and high (experiment 3. The experimental design used randomized complete blocks, four treatments (6, 8, 10 and 12 leaves from the start of flowering and three replications. Every 15 days, the thickness (cm and length (cm of central fruit from the second hand were measured and two fruits were taken to record fresh weight and dry weight. At harvest, leaf number, bunch weight (kg, and the thickness (cm and length (cm of central fruit from the second hand were measured. During fruit ripening (8 and 15 days, the contents of starch and sugars in the pulp were determined. The thickness and length of the fruit, bunch weight and the box-stem ratio were not affected (PResumen. Se evaluó el efecto de la eliminación selectiva de hojas a la floración sobre la producción, crecimiento, maduración y calidad de los frutos de banano Gran Enano. El estudio se realizó en tres zonas de Urabá (Colombia, con precipitación baja (experimento 1, media (experimento 2 y alta (experimento 3. Se usó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar, cuatro tratamientos (6, 8, 10 y 12 hojas desde el inicio de floración y tres repeticiones. Cada 15 días se midieron el grosor (cm y la longitud (cm del fruto central de la segunda mano y se tomaron dos frutos más para registrar el peso fresco y el peso seco. A la cosecha se midieron el número de hojas, el peso del racimo (kg, el grosor (cm y la longitud (cm del fruto central de la segunda mano. Durante la maduración de los frutos (8 y 15 días se determinaron los contenidos de almidón y azúcares en la pulpa. El grosor y la longitud del fruto, peso del racimo y la cantidad de cajas a partir de un racimo (ratio, no fueron afectados (P<0,05 por la

Limb salvage procedures for mangled lower extremities: How I do it ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Majority of open fractures in Nigeria result from road Traffic Accident (RTA). This is partly due to bad roads and reckless use of motor cycles as the main means of ... 6% (4) had amputation because of flail limbs and or severe infections.

Pregnancy predisposes to rhabdomyolysis due to hypokalemia

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Muthukrishnan Jayaraman

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Increased predilection for hypokalemia-induced rhabdomyolysis has been noted in pregnant women. We managed a woman with distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA with persistent hypokalemia who presented with recurrent rhabdomyolysis in her consecutive pregnancies despite adequate potassium citrate therapy.

Gold Standard Tests

Science.gov (United States)

2001-06-01

a slow release caffeine . NATO - RTA - Electroencephal Clin Neurophysiol 1997;103:554- AMP Meeting, 29 Sep-3Oct 1997, Rotterdam. 62. 22. Pieron H...I1 yellow Miscellaneous Strychnine + Cannabis indica + Tobacco LI, LII + (amblyopia) Sildenafil citrate + LI, III blue, blue- flashing lights

The value of Retrospective and Concurrent Think Aloud in formative usability testing of a physician data query tool

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Peute, Linda W. P.; de Keizer, Nicolette F.; Jaspers, Monique W. M.

2015-01-01

To compare the performance of the Concurrent (CTA) and Retrospective (RTA) Think Aloud method and to assess their value in a formative usability evaluation of an Intensive Care Registry-physician data query tool designed to support ICU quality improvement processes. Sixteen representative intensive

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis: Three rare secondary causes

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Prasanna Eswaradass Venkatesan

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Periodic paralysis is a rare neuromuscular disorder, related to a defect in muscle ion channels, characterized by episodes of painless muscle weakness, which may be precipitated by heavy exercise, fasting, or high-carbohydrate meals. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis may be familial (primary or secondary. Here, we report three cases of secondary causes of hypokalemic periodic paralysis. On evaluation, case 1 had distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA due to Sjogren′s syndrome, case 2 had drug induced proximal RTA (Fanconi′s syndrome and case 3 had thyrotoxicosis. Clinician must be aware of causes of secondary PP as recognition and diagnosis can completely prevent further attacks of periodic paralysis. Each of the above case is rare, but completely treatable if diagnosed. Low dose steroids with bicarbonate replacement in case 1, stopping tenofovir in case 2 and carbimazole therapy in case 3 prevented further attacks of periodic paralysis and cardiopulmonary complications.

Rutile TiO{sub 2} active-channel thin-film transistor using rapid thermal annealing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Sung-Jin; Heo, Kwan-Jun; Yoo, Su-Chang; Choi, Seong-Gon [Chungbuk National University, Cheongju (Korea, Republic of); Chang, Seung-Wook [Samsung Display, Co., Ltd., Suwon (Korea, Republic of)

2014-10-15

TiO{sub 2} active-channel thin-film transistors (TFTs), in which the bottom-gate top-contact architecture was prepared with atomic layer deposition grown TiO{sub 2} as the semiconducting layer, were fabricated and then investigated based on key process parameters, such as the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) temperature. Structural analyses suggested that TiO{sub 2} films annealed at temperatures above 500 .deg. C changed from an amorphous to a rutile phase. The TFT with a TiO{sub 2} semiconductor annealed at 600 .deg. C exhibited strongly-saturated output characteristics, a much higher on/off current ratio of 4.3 x 10{sup 5}, and an electron mobility of 0.014 cm{sup 2}/Vs. Moreover, the potential for manipulating TiO{sub 2}-based TFTs with RTA methodology was demonstrated through the realization of a simple resistive-load inverter.

Effects of recoil-implanted oxygen on depth profiles of defects and annealing processes in P{sup +}-implanted Si studied using monoenergetic positron beams

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Uedono, Akira; Moriya, Tsuyoshi; Tanigawa, Shoichiro [Tsukuba Univ., Ibaraki (Japan). Inst. of Materials Science; Kitano, Tomohisa; Watanabe, Masahito; Kawano, Takao; Suzuki, Ryoichi; Ohdaira, Toshiyuki; Mikado, Tomohisa

1996-04-01

Effects of oxygen atoms recoiled from SiO{sub 2} films on depth profiles of defects and annealing processes in P{sup +}-implanted Si were studied using monoenergetic positron beams. For an epitaxial Si specimen, the depth profile of defects was found to be shifted toward the surface by recoil implantation of oxygen atoms. This was attributed to the formation of vacancy-oxygen complexes and a resultant decrease in the diffusion length of vacancy-type defects. The recoiled oxygen atoms stabilized amorphous regions introduced by P{sup +}-implantation, and the annealing of these regions was observed after rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 700degC. For a Czochralski-grown Si specimen fabricated by through-oxide implantation, the recoiled oxygen atoms introduced interstitial-type defects upon RTA below the SiO{sub 2}/Si interface, and such defects were dissociated by annealing at 1000degC. (author)

A Time Series Model for Assessing the Trend and Forecasting the Road Traffic Accident Mortality.

Science.gov (United States)

Yousefzadeh-Chabok, Shahrokh; Ranjbar-Taklimie, Fatemeh; Malekpouri, Reza; Razzaghi, Alireza

2016-09-01

Road traffic accident (RTA) is one of the main causes of trauma and known as a growing public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries. Assessing the trend of fatalities in the past years and forecasting it enables us to make the appropriate planning for prevention and control. This study aimed to assess the trend of RTAs and forecast it in the next years by using time series modeling. In this historical analytical study, the RTA mortalities in Zanjan Province, Iran, were evaluated during 2007 - 2013. The time series analyses including Box-Jenkins models were used to assess the trend of accident fatalities in previous years and forecast it for the next 4 years. The mean age of the victims was 37.22 years (SD = 20.01). From a total of 2571 deaths, 77.5% (n = 1992) were males and 22.5% (n = 579) were females. The study models showed a descending trend of fatalities in the study years. The SARIMA (1, 1, 3) (0, 1, 0) 12 model was recognized as a best fit model in forecasting the trend of fatalities. Forecasting model also showed a descending trend of traffic accident mortalities in the next 4 years. There was a decreasing trend in the study and the future years. It seems that implementation of some interventions in the recent decade has had a positive effect on the decline of RTA fatalities. Nevertheless, there is still a need to pay more attention in order to prevent the occurrence and the mortalities related to traffic accidents.

The relationship between driving simulation performance and obstructive sleep apnoea risk, daytime sleepiness, obesity and road traffic accident history of commercial drivers in Turkey.

Science.gov (United States)

Demirdöğen Çetinoğlu, Ezgi; Görek Dilektaşlı, Aslı; Demir, Nefise Ateş; Özkaya, Güven; Acet, Nilüfer Aylin; Durmuş, Eda; Ursavaş, Ahmet; Karadağ, Mehmet; Ege, Ercüment

2015-09-01

Driving performance is known to be very sensitive to cognitive-psychomotor impairment. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between obesity, risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), daytime sleepiness, history of road traffic accident (RTA) and performance on a driving simulator, among commercial drivers. We examined commercial vehicle drivers admitted to Psycho-Technical Assessment System (PTAS), which is a computer-aided system that includes a driving simulator test and tests assessing psychomotor-cognitive skills required for driving. Risk of OSA and daytime sleepiness were assessed by the Berlin Questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), respectively. A total of 282 commercial vehicle drivers were consecutively enrolled. The age range was 29-76 years. Thirty drivers were at high risk of OSA. Median ESS of the group was 2 (0-20). Forty-seven percent of the subjects at high risk of OSA failed in early reaction time test, while 28% of the drivers with low risk of OSA failed (p = 0.03). The obese drivers failed the peripheral vision test when compared with non-obese drivers (p = 0.02). ESS was higher for drivers with a history of RTA when compared to those without RTA (p = 0.02). Cognitive-psychomotor functions can be impaired in obese and high risk of OSA patients. In our opinion, requiring obese and/or high risk of OSA drivers to take PTAS tests that assess driving skills and psychomotor-cognitive functions crucial to those skills would significantly improve road traffic safety, which is of considerable importance to public health.

PTSD in post-road traffic accident patients requiring hospitalization in Indian subcontinent: A review on magnitude of the problem and management guidelines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chaitanya Undavalli

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Traumatic events after a road traffic accident (RTA can be physical and/or psychological. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD is one of the major psychological conditions which affect accident victims. Psychological issues may not be addressed in the emergency department(ED immediately. There have been reports about a mismatch between the timely referrals from ED to occupational or primary care services for these issues. If left untreated, there may be adverse effects on quality of life (QOL and work productivity. Hospital expenses, loss of income, and loss of work could create a never ending cycle for financial difficulties and burden in trauma victims. The aim of our review is to address the magnitude of PTSD in post-RTA hospitalized patients in Indian subcontinent population. We also attempted to emphasis on few management guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted on major databases with Medical Subject Headings (MeSH term ′PTSD or post-traumatic stress′ and Emergency department and vehicle or road or highway or automobile or car or truck or trauma and India. Out of 120 studies, a total of six studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Our interpretation of the problem is that; hospital expenditure due to trauma, time away from work during hospitalization, and reduction in work performance, are three major hits that can lead RTA victims to financial crisis. Proposed management guidelines are; establish a coordinated triage, implementing a screening tool in the ED, and provide psychological counseling.

Four years prospective study of the maxillofacial trauma at a tertiary center in Western Nepal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rajib Khadka

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Purpose: This study was conducted to find the epidemiological characteristics of maxillofacial trauma in the Western region of Nepal. Materials and Methods: All the trauma patients attending the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery in 4 years period at a tertiary center in Western Nepal were included in the study. The incidence, prevalence, age and sex distribution, etiologies and types as well as seasonal and daily variation of maxillofacial trauma were studied. Results: Maxillofacial trauma with male (71.55% predominance was seen. Road traffic accidents (RTA, 46.5% were the most common cause, and 41.65% of fracture cases due to RTA were under the influence of alcohol. Accidents were more common on the rural roads (38.9%, and majorities (43.3% were due to motorcycle accidents. They were more common on Friday (36.7% and in winter seasons (51.2%. The mandible fractures (65.85% were more common than midface fractures (53.58% and 19.44% of the fractures were combined fractures. Parasymphysis in mandible (32.16% and zygoma (39.09% in midface were the most common type of fracture. Conclusion: The increased incidence of maxillofacial trauma following RTA under the influence of alcohol noted in this study reveals the need for formulating preventive measures in the Western region of Nepal. Need to aware people to avoid drink and drive proper traffic management, prevention of carrying excessive passengers, especially on the rooftop of vehicles on the highway and disposal of out of date vehicles and timely maintenance of faulty roads is a must.

Effects of microarrangement of solid particles on PCE migration and its remediation in porous media

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Ming; Wu, Jianfeng; Wu, Jichun; Hu, Bill X.

2018-02-01

Groundwater can be stored abundantly in granula-composed aquifers with high permeability. The microstructure of granular materials has important effect on the permeability of aquifers and the contaminant migration and remediation in aquifers is also influenced by the characteristics of porous media. In this study, two different microscale arrangements of sand particles are compared to reveal the effects of microstructure on the contaminant migration and remediation. With the help of fractal theory, the mathematical expressions of permeability and entry pressure are conducted to delineate granular materials with regular triangle arrangement (RTA) and square pitch arrangement (SPA) at microscale. Using a sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) method, a synthetic heterogeneous site contaminated by perchloroethylene (PCE) is then used to investigate the migration and remediation affected by the two different microscale arrangements. PCE is released from an underground storage tank into the aquifer and the surfactant is used to clean up the subsurface contamination. Results suggest that RTA can not only cause more groundwater contamination, but also make remediation become more difficult. The PCE remediation efficiency of 60.01-99.78 % with a mean of 92.52 and 65.53-99.74 % with a mean of 95.83 % is achieved for 200 individual heterogeneous realizations based on the RTA and SPA, respectively, indicating that the cleanup of PCE in aquifer with SPA is significantly easier. This study leads to a new understanding of the microstructures of porous media and demonstrates how microscale arrangements control contaminant migration in aquifers, which is helpful to design successful remediation scheme for underground storage tank spill.

Confluence of an extension of combinatory logic by Boolean constants

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Czajka, Łukasz

2017-01-01

We show confluence of a conditional term rewriting system CL-pc1, which is an extension of Combinatory Logic by Boolean constants. This solves problem 15 from the RTA list of open problems. The proof has been fully formalized in the Coq proof assistant....

Poliposis adenomatosa familiar en niños cubanos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tulio Antonio Amaya Sorto

Full Text Available Introducción: la poliposis adenomatosa familiar es una enfermedad autosómica dominante con evolución al cáncer colorrectal. Objetivo: caracterizar a los niños cubanos con poliposis adenomatosa familiar. Métodos: se realizó un estudio, descriptivo, prospectivo de serie de casos, atendidos en el Instituto de Gastroenterología de Cuba, durante el periodo comprendido entre febrero de 2011 y mayo de 2013. Se incluyeron 15 niños, en los cuales se había establecido el diagnóstico de poliposis por colonoscopia, con confirmación histológica de adenomas. A todos se les realizó endoscopia del tracto digestivo superior, ultrasonografía de abdomen superior, ortopantomografía, survey óseo, tránsito intestinal, consulta de oftalmología y neurología. Resultados: el 60,0 % fue del sexo masculino y el 60,0 % de color de piel blanca. La pesquisa de los pacientes asintomáticos y el sangrado rectal fueron los motivos de consulta más frecuentes (40,0 % respectivamente. Predominó la forma florida de la enfermedad, y la displasia de bajo grado se observó en el 73,3 %. El 26,7 % tuvo pólipos en el estómago, y fue la localización más observada. La manifestación extraintestinal más frecuente fue la hipertrofia congénita del epitelio retiniano (73,3 %, seguida por los dientes supernumerarios y los quistes dentígenos. Al analizarlo por grupos de edades, entre 10 y 18 años, al 40,0 % ya se les había realizado colectomía. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los pacientes estudiados tenían antecedentes familiares de la enfermedad, la pesquisa familiar y el sangrado rectal fueron los principales motivos de estudio. Todos presentaron la forma florida, y en su gran mayoría, displasia de bajo grado en el momento del diagnóstico. Los pólipos extracolónicos se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en el estómago, y la manifestación extraintestinal más frecuente fue la hipertrofia congénita del epitelio retiniano. La mayoría de los pacientes no se hab

Cinética de secado de la levadura cervecera (Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Picado

2006-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se estudió la cinética de secado de la levadura cervecera tomando en consideración el fenómeno de encogimiento presentado por la misma. Los datos experimentales se obtuvieron a tres temperaturas diferentes. Se evaluó el encogimiento volumétrico y de grosor de la levadura por medición directa determinada durante el secado. Se encontró que el encogimiento de la levadura es casi isotrópico e incide significativamente en la velocidad de secado. Además, la levadura durante el secado presenta solamente un periodo de velocidad decreciente y no exhibe curva característica de secado.

Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder among road traffic ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Psychological responses to traumatic events vary widely across different cultures but studies in the developing countries are scant. The objective of this study is to determine prevalence of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among patients involved in road traffic accident (RTA) compared with ...

Hospital all-risk emergency preparedness in Ghana | Norman ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

(2) The hospitals' respective abilities to handle large scale RTA's were ... The biggest challenge facing the hospitals in their emergency intervention is the lack of preemergency and emergency preparedness plans as well as the coordination of the hospitals response mechanisms. Conclusion: The paper ended with ...

The contribution of alcohol to fatal traumatic head injuries in the forensic setting.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Cryan, J

2010-11-01

Excessive drinking increases the risk of dying unnaturally. In the Republic of Ireland such deaths are referred to the State Pathologist. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is routinely measured. We created a database of cases presenting to the State Pathologist over a nine year period (2000-2008 inclusive) to evaluate the relationship between alcohol and fatal traumatic brain injuries (FTBI). Of a total of 1778 cases, 332 (275 Male [M]; 57 Female [F]) died of head injuries. Fatalities were highest in males aged 36-50 (N = 97) and 26-35 (N = 73). Assaults (N = 147), falls (N = 95), road traffic accidents (RTA) (N = 50) and suicide (N = 15) were the commonest modes of presentation. A positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was found in 36% of assaults, 41% of falls and 40% of suicides. In the RTA group BAC was positive in 59% of pedestrians, 33% of drivers and 14% of passengers. Alcohol clearly plays a significant role in FTBI in the forensic setting.

Effect of rapid thermal annealing observed by photoluminescence measurement in GaAs1-xN x layers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bousbih, F.; Bouzid, S.B.; Hamdouni, A.; Chtourou, R.; Harmand, J.C.

2005-01-01

A set of GaAs 1-x N x samples with small nitrogen content were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) measurements as function of irradiance in order to investigate the effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on photoluminescence (PL) properties. The analysis of PL spectra as function of irradiance and nitrogen content shows that the PL spectra associated to the GaAs 1- x N x layers are the result of the nitrogen localized state recombination. The results are examined as a consequence of a rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The variation of the emission band peak energy (E p ), at 10 K as a function of irradiance, is fitted by a theoretical model taking into account two types of nitrogen localized states. The variation of the PL intensity versus irradiance in the range from 1.59 to 159 W/cm 2 for different GaAs 1-x N x samples confirm that the PL spectra result from the nitrogen localized state recombination

Systemic lupus erythematosus and renal tubular acidosis associated with hyperthyroidism. Case Report.

Science.gov (United States)

Deng, Datong; Sun, Li; Xia, Tongjia; Xu, Min; Wang, Youmin; Zhang, Qiu

2016-07-01

A case of a 42-year-old female with hyperthyroidism was subsequently diagnosed to have systemic lupus erythematosus with distal RTA. The clinical examination on admission showed swelling of the knee joints and the urinalysis showed pH 6.5, pro 3+. Her blood routine results were as follows: white blood cells 1.85×109/L, platelets 100×109/L, erythrocyte 3.06×1012/L. The serum potassium was 3.11 mmol/L, 24 hour urinary electrolyte: K 68.87 mmol/24 H, antinuclear antibodies (ANA) 1:1 000, speckled pattern. The anti-double stranded DNA antibody (anti-dsDNA), anti SS-A(52) antibody and anti SS-A(60) antibody were positive. The light microscopy and immunofluorescence showed diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. These data were compatible with the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. The diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and distal RTA is clear. This report showed that other autoimmune disease in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism should not be ignored.

Characteristics of rapid-thermal-annealed LiCoO2 cathode film for an all-solid-state thin film microbattery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Han-Ki; Yoon, Young Soo

2004-01-01

We report on the fabrication of a LiCoO 2 film for an all-solid-state thin film microbattery by using a rapid-thermal-annealing (RTA) process. The LiCoO 2 films were grown by rf magnetron sputtering using a synthesized LiCoO 2 target in a [O 2 /(Ar+O 2 )] ratio of 10%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) analysis results showed that the surface layer on the as-deposited LiCoO 2 film was completely removed by rapid thermal annealing process in oxygen ambient for 20 min. In addition, the thin film microbattery fabricated with the annealed LiCoO 2 film shows fairly stable cyclability with a specific discharge capacity of 56.49 μAh/cm2 μm. These results show the possibility of the RTA LiCoO 2 film and rapid thermal annealing process being a promising cathode material and annealing process for thin film microbatteries, respectively

Metabolic bone disease as a presenting manifestation of primary Sjögren′s syndrome: Three cases and review of literature

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Deepak Khandelwal

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Primary Sjögren′s syndrome (pSS is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a progressive lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands with varying degrees of systemic involvement. Chronic inflammation compromises the glands′ function that leads to dry symptoms in the mouth/eyes. Renal involvement is a well recognized extraglandular manifestation of pSS. Metabolic bone disease (MBD, however, rarely occurs as the primary manifestation of a renal tubule disorder due to pSS. To the best of our knowledge there are only 6 reported cases of metabolic bone disease as the primary manifestation of pSS to date. Four of these had distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA, and 2 had a combined picture of distal and proximal tubular dysfunction. We herein present our experience of 3 cases who presented to us with a clinical picture suggestive of MBD. While investigating these patients, we found evidence of RTA, which was found to be secondary to pSS.

Carbon nanotubes growing on rapid thermal annealed Ni and their application to a triode-type field emission device

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uh, Hyung Soo; Park, Sang Sik

2006-01-01

In this paper, we demonstrate a new triode-type field emitter arrays using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as an electron emitter source. In the proposed structure, the gate electrode is located underneath the cathode electrode and the extractor electrode is surrounded by CNT emitters. CNTs were selectively grown on the patterned Ni catalyst layer by using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Vertically aligned CNTs were grown with gas mixture of acetylene and ammonia under external DC bias. Compared with a conventional under-gate structure, the proposed structure reduced the turn-on voltage by about 30%. In addition, with a view to controlling the density of CNTs, Ni catalyst thickness was varied and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatment was optionally adopted before CNT growth. With controlled Ni thickness and RTA condition, field emission efficiency was greatly improved by reducing the density of CNTs, which is due to the reduction of the electric field screening effect caused by dense CNTs

Pt/Pb(Zr, Ti)O3/Pt capacitor with excellent fatigue properties prepared by sol-gel process applied to FeRAM

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jia Ze; Ren Tianling; Zhang Zhigang; Liu Tianzhi; Wen Xinyi; Hu Hong; Shao Tianqi; Xie Dan; Liu Litian

2006-01-01

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) film is prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrate by proposed processes based on the sol-gel method and rapid thermal anneal (RTA). The ratio of Zr/Ti in the PZT film is 40/60. The PZT film has a mixture of perovskite orientations in which the (110) orientation is dominant. The Pt/PZT/Pt capacitor has remanent polarization of approximately 28.8 μC cm -2 and coercive voltage of approximately 0.76 V at 3 V voltage amplitude. The Pt/PZT/Pt capacitor has excellent fatigue properties. Switch polarizations decrease to 93.1% after 6 x 10 12 switch cycles. The excellent fatigue properties result from the ameliorations of PZT/Pt interface conditions, restraining Pb volatilization and the directions of crystal domains in the RTA process. Some electric properties of the PZT capacitor proposed are contrasted with those of PZT capacitors with a different anneal process in the preparation

Crystallization of Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 Thin Films on LaNiO3 Electrodes by RF Magnetron Reactive Sputtering

Science.gov (United States)

Jong, Chao-An; Gan, Jon-Yiew

2000-02-01

Strontium barium niobium (Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6) (SBN) thin films are prepared on conductive-oxide LNO (LaNiO3) electrodes by the rf magnetron sputtering system. Instead of conventional furnace annealing, SBN thin films are crystallized by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) above 700°C for 5 min. The textured SBN films are crystallized with two orientations: one is the (001) or (310) direction, and the other is the (002) or (620) direction. Films compositions measured by the electron spectroscopy of chemical analysis (ESCA) quantitative analysis method show nearly the same stoichiometric ratio as the target. The depth profiles of SBN films and the target are examined by secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS). The concentrations of the films are quite uniform. After being heat treated at 800°C for 5 min by RTA, La and Ni diffuse into the SBN film. The diffusion coefficient of La in SBN films is also calculated.

Reconstruction of Facial Defect Using Deltopectoral Flap.

Science.gov (United States)

Aldelaimi, Tahrir N; Khalil, Afrah A

2015-11-01

Reconstruction of the head and neck is a challenge for otolarygology surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons as well as plastic surgeons. Defects caused by the resection and/or trauma should be closed with flaps which match in color, texture and hair bearing characteristics with the face. Deltopectoral flap is a one such flap from chest and neck skin mainly used to cover the facial defects. This study report a patient presenting with tragic Road Traffic Accident (RTA) admitted to maxillofacial surgery department at Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Anbar province, Iraq. An incision, medially based, was done and deltopectoral fascio-cutaneous flap was used for surgical exposure and closure of defects after RTA. There was no major complication. Good aesthetic and functional results were achieved. Deltopectoral flap is an excellent alternative for the reconstruction of head and neck. Harvesting and application of the flap is rapid and safe. Only a single incision is sufficient for dissection and flap elevation.

Four siblings with distal renal tubular acidosis and nephrocalcinosis, neurobehavioral impairment, short stature, and distinctive facial appearance: a possible new autosomal recessive syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Faqeih, Eissa; Al-Akash, Samhar I; Sakati, Nadia; Teebi, Prof Ahmad S

2007-09-01

We report on four siblings (three males, one female) born to first cousin Arab parents with the constellation of distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), small kidneys, nephrocalcinosis, neurobehavioral impairment, short stature, and distinctive facial features. They presented with early developmental delay with subsequent severe mental, behavioral and social impairment and autistic-like features. Their facial features are unique with prominent cheeks, well-defined philtrum, large bulbous nose, V-shaped upper lip border, full lower lip, open mouth with protruded tongue, and pits on the ear lobule. All had proteinuria, hypercalciuria, hypercalcemia, and normal anion-gap metabolic acidosis. Renal ultrasound examinations revealed small kidneys, with varying degrees of hyperechogenicity and nephrocalcinosis. Additional findings included dilated ventricles and cerebral demyelination on brain imaging studies. Other than distal RTA, common causes of nephrocalcinosis were excluded. The constellation of features in this family currently likely represents a possibly new autosomal recessive syndrome providing further evidence of heterogeneity of nephrocalcinosis syndromes. Copyright 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Measurement and Analysis of Composition and Depth Profile of H in Amorphous Si1−xCx:H Films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wei, Hua; Shu-De, Yao; Kun, Wang; Zhi-Bo, Ding

2008-01-01

Composition in amorphous Si 1−X C x :H heteroepitaxial thin films on Si (100) by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) is analysed. The unknown x (0.45–0.57) and the depth profile of hydrogen in the thin films are characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectrum (RBS), resonance-nuclear reaction analysis (R-NRA) and elastic recoil detection (ERD), respectively. In addition, the depth profile of hydrogen in the unannealed thin films is compared to that of the annealed thin films with rapid thermal annealing (RTA) or laser spike annealing (LSA) in nitrogen atmosphere. The results indicate that the stoichiometric amorphous SiC can be produced by PECVD when the ratio of CH 4 /SiH 4 is approximately equal to 25. The content of hydrogen decreases suddenly from 35% to 1% after 1150° C annealing. RTA can reduce hydrogen in SiC films effectively than LSA. (cross-disciplinary physics and related areas of science and technology)

Influence of different combinations of wall materials on the microencapsulation of jussara pulp (Euterpe edulis) by spray drying.

Science.gov (United States)

Santana, Audirene A; Cano-Higuita, Diana M; de Oliveira, Rafael A; Telis, Vânia R N

2016-12-01

The objective of this work was to study the spray drying of jussara pulp using ternary mixtures of gum Arabic (GA) and modified starch (MS) together with either whey protein concentrate (WPC) or soy protein isolate (SPI), as the carrier agents. Two experimental mixture designs and triangular response surfaces were used to evaluate the effects of the mixtures on the responses for powders formulated with GA:MS:WPC and GA:MS:SPI, respectively. The spray drying process was selected for each carrier agent mixture, aiming to maximum the process yield (PY), solubility (S), retention of total anthocyanins (RTA) and encapsulation efficiency (EE). It was shown that the ternary formulations showed higher PY, S and RTA than the pure and binary formulations, as well as good results for EE and a low moisture content, showing that the use of GA and MS together with either WPC or SPI provide better microencapsulation of the jussara pulp. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparative study of as-implanted and pre-damaged ion-beam-synthesized ZnS nanocrystallites in SiO sub 2

CERN Document Server

Gao, K Y; Grosshans, I; Hipp, W; Stritzker, B

2002-01-01

The semiconducting ZnS nanocrystallites were synthesized by sequential high dose ion implantation of Zn and S in thermally grown SiO sub 2 on Si(1 0 0) and subsequent rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Some samples were pre-implanted with Ar ions in order to investigate the influence of radiation induced damage on the formation of ZnS nanocrystallites. The crystal structure of the ZnS crystallites, their size distribution and the concentration depth profile were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and cross-sectional transmission-electron-microscopy (XTEM). The XRD results indicate, that the phase transition from cubic zinc blende to hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnS nanocrystallites begins at temperatures below 1000 degree sign C. The RBS results show a clear redistribution of Zn and S after RTA annealing. The concentration of Zn is seriously reduced due to strong diffusion towards deeper regions and the surface, while Ar pre-implantation partially suppressed the c...

Factors affecting the utilization of safety devices by commercial ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Motorcycle crashes are common causes of morbidity and mortality for both riders and passengers. To prevent and reduce the severity of injuries sustained through road traffic accidents (RTA) many countries enforce the use of safety devices while riding. Certain factors including non-enforcement of the existing ...

Lymphoreticular diseases in Nigerians | Adelusola | African Health ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The most common finding in the spleen was splenic rupture and haemoperitoneum from road traffic accident. Conclusion: NHL and tuberculosis should be high on the list of differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in Nigerians. Whereas trauma from RTA was the major reason for splenectomy in Nigerians, in the elderly ...

Hubs and spokes in Regional Trade Agreements

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vaal, A. de

2017-01-01

In the plethora of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) some countries are involved in much more RTAs than others. Furthermore, some countries take in a position as a hub: they have trade agreements with many other countries, while their partner countries are much less involved in RTA relations. Even

Laser thermal annealing of Ge, optimized for highly activated dopants and diode ION/IOFF ratios

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Shayesteh, M.; O'Connell, D.; Gity, F.

2014-01-01

The authors compared the influence of laser thermal annealing (LTA) and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on dopant activation and electrical performance of phosphorus and arsenic doped n+/p junction. High carrier concentration above 1020 cm-3 as well as an ION/IOFF ratio of approximately 105 and ide...

Correlation between temporal pole MRI abnormalities and surface ictal EEG patterns in patients with unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Science.gov (United States)

Caboclo, Luís Otávio S F; Garzon, Eliana; Oliveira, Pedro A L; Carrete, Henrique; Centeno, Ricardo S; Bianchin, Marino M; Yacubian, Elza Márcia T; Sakamoto, Américo C

2007-01-01

The objective of this retrospective study is to analyze ictal patterns observed during continuous Video-EEG monitoring in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) due to unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS), and to correlate these EEG patterns to temporal pole abnormalities observed on magnetic resonance imaging exams. We analyzed 147 seizures from 35 patients with TLE and unilateral HS. Ictal patterns were classified and correlated to signal abnormalities and volumetric measures of the temporal poles. Volume differences over 10% were considered abnormal. The most frequent type of ictal pattern was rhythmic theta activity (RTA), encountered in 65.5% of the seizures. Rhythmic beta activity (RBA) was observed in 11% of the seizures, localized attenuation in 8%, interruption of epileptiform discharges in 6%, repetitive discharges in 5.5%, and rhythmic delta activity (RDA) in 4%. Sixty-six percent of the patients presented signal abnormalities in the temporal pole that were always ipsilateral to the HS. Sixty percent presented significant asymmetry of the temporal poles consisting of reduced volume that was also always ipsilateral to HS. Although patients with RTA as the predominant ictal pattern tended to present asymmetry of temporal poles (p=0.305), the ictal EEG pattern did not correlate with temporal pole asymmetry or signal abnormalities. RTA is the most frequent initial ictal pattern in patients with TLE due to unilateral HS. Temporal pole signal changes and volumetric reduction were commonly found in this group of patients, both abnormalities appearing always ipsilateral to the HS. However, neither temporal pole volume reduction nor signal abnormalities correlated with the predominant ictal pattern, suggesting that the temporal poles are not crucially involved in the process of epileptogenesis.

Clinical profile and outcome of renal tubular disorders in children: A single center experience

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

B Vijay Kiran

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Tubular disorders form a significant proportion of pediatric kidney diseases and are an important differential diagnosis of failure to thrive (FTT in children. Data regarding their outcome is scarce from India. We evaluated the clinical profile of these children and studied the outcome in terms of their growth and renal failure. This is a retrospective longitudinal study of all children with renal tubular disorders attending a tertiary care pediatric nephrology center from 2005 to 2010. Growth and renal outcomes were assessed by Z scores and estimated glomerular filtration rate at diagnosis and. The common disorders encountered were distal renal tubular acidosis (d-RTA (44%, Bartter-like (Bartter′s and Gitelman syndromes (22% followed by hereditary Fanconi syndrome (cystinosis and idiopathic Fanconi syndrome (13% and few cases of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, hypophosphatemic rickets and idiopathic hypercalciuria. Male: female ratio was 1.22. The median age at diagnosis was 1.5 (range 0.13-11 years. Growth failure was the presenting feature in 86% of children followed by polyuria (60% and bone deformities (47%. In 60% of children with hereditary Fanconi syndrome, nephropathic cystinosis was diagnosed, all of whom progressed to stage III chronic kidney disease (CKD within 3.41 ± 1.42 years. With appropriate therapy, catch-up growth was noted in d-RTA and Bartter syndrome. Renal tubular disorders usually present with FTT. d-RTA is the most common etiology followed by Bartter-like syndrome. Renal function is preserved in all these disorders except for nephropathic cystinosis, who ultimately progressed to CKD. With appropriate and inexpensive therapy, these children do grow well.

A Time Series Model for Assessing the Trend and Forecasting the Road Traffic Accident Mortality

Science.gov (United States)

Yousefzadeh-Chabok, Shahrokh; Ranjbar-Taklimie, Fatemeh; Malekpouri, Reza; Razzaghi, Alireza

2016-01-01

Background Road traffic accident (RTA) is one of the main causes of trauma and known as a growing public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries. Assessing the trend of fatalities in the past years and forecasting it enables us to make the appropriate planning for prevention and control. Objectives This study aimed to assess the trend of RTAs and forecast it in the next years by using time series modeling. Materials and Methods In this historical analytical study, the RTA mortalities in Zanjan Province, Iran, were evaluated during 2007 - 2013. The time series analyses including Box-Jenkins models were used to assess the trend of accident fatalities in previous years and forecast it for the next 4 years. Results The mean age of the victims was 37.22 years (SD = 20.01). From a total of 2571 deaths, 77.5% (n = 1992) were males and 22.5% (n = 579) were females. The study models showed a descending trend of fatalities in the study years. The SARIMA (1, 1, 3) (0, 1, 0) 12 model was recognized as a best fit model in forecasting the trend of fatalities. Forecasting model also showed a descending trend of traffic accident mortalities in the next 4 years. Conclusions There was a decreasing trend in the study and the future years. It seems that implementation of some interventions in the recent decade has had a positive effect on the decline of RTA fatalities. Nevertheless, there is still a need to pay more attention in order to prevent the occurrence and the mortalities related to traffic accidents. PMID:27800467

Rehabilitation through the Arts: Impact on Participants' Engagement in Educational Programs

Science.gov (United States)

Halperin, Ronnie; Kessler, Suzanne; Braunschweiger, Dana

2012-01-01

Educational achievement has been shown to be negatively correlated with recidivism among those released from prison (Nuttall, Hollmen, and Staley, 2003). The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a prison art rehabilitation program, Rehabilitation Through the Arts (RTA), on inmate participation in voluntary educational programs. RTA…

Necrópolis Ibérica de «El Cigarralejo» : estudio osteológico (comparado con los ajuares

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Santonja Alonso

1993-01-01

Full Text Available Se expone detalladamente la «historia» osteológica de 187 cremados de la Necrópolis Ibérica de «El Cigarralejo»: sexo, edad, medidas de epífisis y grosores de pared en ios fragmentos más frecuentes, paleontología que presentan, sus interrogantes y conclusiones. Igualmente, sobre la identificación de las tumbas dobles y de las infantiles.The osteologic «history» of 187 cremations from the «Necrópolis Ibérica de el Cigarralejo» is expounded in detall: sex, age, epiphysis, measurements, thickness of the most frequent pieces, and palaeopathology features, as well as some and conclusions. At the same time, it will deal with Children's and double graves Identification.

Computerised tomographic patterns in patients with head injury at ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2011-04-15

Apr 15, 2011 ... The clinical severity of head injury is classified based on ... head injury include road traffic accidents (RTA), assaults, ... information in the management of patients with head ... Materials and Methods ... The right cerebral hemisphere was involved in 13 cases .... Nerve palsies – 3rd, 5th, 6th cranial nerves. 3.

Appraisals and Cognitive Coping Styles Associated with Chronic Post-Traumatic Symptoms in Child Road Traffic Accident Survivors

Science.gov (United States)

Stallard, Paul; Smith, Elisabeth

2007-01-01

Background: Comparatively little is known about the cognitive appraisals and coping styles of child road traffic accident (RTA) survivors that are associated with chronic post-traumatic reactions. Methods: Seventy-five children and young people aged 7-18 who were involved in a road traffic accident and attended an accident and emergency department…

Influence of positions of the incidence and severity of maxillofacial ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The most common vehicle involved in RTA was the mini bus, 34.3% followed by motorcycle, 26.5%. Middle seat passengers, drivers and motorcycle passengers and riders sustained more and severe injuries during crashes. The mandible was more frequently fractured at the symphysis (24.6%) than at any other site while ...

Predicting Potential Changes in Suitable Habitat and Distribution by 2100 for Tree Species of the Eastern United States

Science.gov (United States)

Louis R Iverson; Anantha M. Prasad; Mark W. Schwartz; Mark W. Schwartz

2005-01-01

We predict current distribution and abundance for tree species present in eastern North America, and subsequently estimate potential suitable habitat for those species under a changed climate with 2 x CO2. We used a series of statistical models (i.e., Regression Tree Analysis (RTA), Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), Bagging Trees (...

Methods for Integrating Environmental Awareness Training into Army Programs of Instruction

Science.gov (United States)

1993-06-01

Precribed format within a unit will facilitate 1gimrtio ard me of the SO. Ntmnly, the aimwdr olds thm first *erg=* reqxm ible for SOP -a rt.a; how, in...guidelines for burning excess powder charges. d. Immediately reports all fires to range control. e. Provides assistance to fire-fighting teams when

Determination of effective criteria on development of RTA Furniture Industry in Iran

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hosein omidi

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Ready to assemble furniture industry in Iran has not been considered by practitioners and investors as it is known in the other countries. While, it is possible to achive the many competitive advantage, if this industry develop in Iran. With regard to this issue, the goal of this study is to introduce the potential market for ready to assemble furniture and determination and prioritize of the effective criteria on development of Iran ready to assemble furniture industry. For this purpose, after preliminary investigation and interview with some of the furniture producers and relevant experts, the identified criteria were divided into five major groups as Economic, Management, Marketing & Sales, Technical-Technological and Infrastructure and as well as 42 sub-criteria. The hierarchy of these criteria was designed and then the weighting values of criteria and sub-criteria were determined using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP by expert choice software. The results indicated that the management and marketing & sales criteria have the highest weighting values at the first level. In addition, among the effective sub-criteria, the criteria as marketing innovation, design innovation, operations management, logistics management, raw materials innovation and product promotion, have the highest priorities for development of ready to assemble furniture industry in Iran.

Influence of the annealing temperature on the optical transitions of InGaAsP-based quantum well structures investigated by photoreflectance spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Podhorodecki, A.; Kudrawiec, R.; Andrzejewski, J.; Misiewicz, J.; Wojcik, J.; Robinson, B.J.; Thompson, D.A.; Mascher, P.

2005-01-01

Photoreflectance (PR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies have been used to study the effect of the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on InGaAsP-based quantum wells (QWs) which are the active part of a laser structure tailored at 1.5 μm. In the case of PL, it has been observed that the RTA enhances PL intensity and tunes the emission wavelength of the laser structure to blue. In case of PR due to its absorption character, we were able to study QW transitions related to excited states, besides the fundamental transition observed in PL. In addition, optical transitions related to other part of the laser structure have been observed in PR. It has been shown that there exists a ''critical'' annealing temperature (720 C) where the energy shift appears. We have observed a blueshift for both the ground and excited state transitions, but in the case of the ground state transitions the blueshift has been found to be bigger. The magnitude of this blueshift has been found to change linearly from 0 to ∝15 meV with the rise of temperature from 720 to 780 C. Below 720 C no significant change in the energy of the QW transitions is observed. In the case of PR transitions related to the other part of the laser structure, i.e., the quaternary InGaAsP barriers, it has been observed that after annealing PR features associated with these layers rather do not shift, they change only their line-shape. Also, it has been shown that RTA does not destroy the optical quality of the samples. (copyright 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Exertion Testing in Youth with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion.

Science.gov (United States)

Dematteo, Carol; Volterman, Kimberly A; Breithaupt, Peter G; Claridge, Everett A; Adamich, John; Timmons, Brian W

2015-11-01

The decision regarding return to activity (RTA) after mild traumatic brain injuries/concussion is one of the most difficult and controversial areas in concussion management, particularly for youth. This study investigated how youth with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) are affected by exertion and whether standardized exertion testing using the McMaster All-Out Progressive Continuous Cycling Test can contribute to clinical decision making for safe RTA. Fifty-four youth (8.5-18.3 yr) with a previously confirmed concussion participated in the study. Each participant performed exertion testing on a cycle ergometer and completed a Postconcussion Symptom scale at the following time points: before exertion (baseline), 5 and 30 min, and 24 h after exertion. A modified Postconcussion Symptom scale was administered at 2-min intervals during exertion. Participants had a mean ± SD symptom duration of 6.3 ± 6.9 months after the most recent concussive injury, with a median of 4.1 months (range, 0.7-35 months). Sixty-three percent of participants had symptoms during exertion testing. Symptom profile (number and severity) significantly affected perception of exertion at 50% peak mechanical power. During acute assessment of symptoms (30-min after exertion), headache (P = 0.39), nausea (P = 0.63), and dizziness (P = 0.35) did not change. However, both the number and severity of symptoms significantly improved over 24 h, with 56.8% of youth showing improvements. The time from the most recent injury had a significant effect on the symptom score at baseline, 30 min after exertion, and 24 h after exertion. Exertion testing has an important role in the evaluation of symptoms and readiness to RTA, particularly in youth who are slow to recover. Overall, controlled exertion seemed to lesson symptoms for most youth.

Preliminary study on alterations of altitude road traffic in China from 2006 to 2013

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Hui; Yin, Zhiyong; Xiang, Hongyi; Liao, Zhikang; Wang, Zhengguo

2017-01-01

Introduction Road traffic can play an important role in strengthening regional economic activities, especially at high altitude, and it is necessary to know important traffic-related information. Although previous studies reported on road traffic in China, there has been little research on high-altitude road traffic to date. Method The annual official census of road traffic safety from 2006 to 2013 was used to obtain data on the general population, registered drivers, registered vehicles, newly built roads, road traffic accidents (RTAs), mortality rate per 100 000 populations and per 10 000 vehicles in high-altitude provinces, including Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Gansu, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Chongqing. These provincial data were reviewed retrospectively, with the national data as the reference. Statistical analysis (i.e., t test) was used to compare the estimated average annual change rate of population, number of registered drivers, registered vehicles, and newly built roads in high-altitude provinces with the national rates. Results Compared with the national data, there are significantly higher annual rates of population growth in Tibet and Xinjiang, registered drivers in Gansu, registered vehicles in Gansu, Sichuan, and Chongqing, and newly built roads in Tibet and Qinghai. Among the investigated provinces, Tibet, Qinghai, and Yunnan had a higher proportion of the roads with the high class. RTAs and RTA-induced casualties in the high-altitude provinces indicated a decreasing trend. The mortality rate per 10 000 vehicles and per 100 000 populations showed a decreasing trend, while the RTA-related mortality rate in Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Gansu remained high. Conclusions Major changes for road traffic in high-altitude provinces have occurred over the past decade; however, the RTA-related mortality rate in high-altitude provinces has remained high. This study furthers understanding about road traffic safety in China; further studies on road traffic safety at

Preliminary study on alterations of altitude road traffic in China from 2006 to 2013.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hui Zhao

Full Text Available Road traffic can play an important role in strengthening regional economic activities, especially at high altitude, and it is necessary to know important traffic-related information. Although previous studies reported on road traffic in China, there has been little research on high-altitude road traffic to date.The annual official census of road traffic safety from 2006 to 2013 was used to obtain data on the general population, registered drivers, registered vehicles, newly built roads, road traffic accidents (RTAs, mortality rate per 100 000 populations and per 10 000 vehicles in high-altitude provinces, including Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Gansu, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Chongqing. These provincial data were reviewed retrospectively, with the national data as the reference. Statistical analysis (i.e., t test was used to compare the estimated average annual change rate of population, number of registered drivers, registered vehicles, and newly built roads in high-altitude provinces with the national rates.Compared with the national data, there are significantly higher annual rates of population growth in Tibet and Xinjiang, registered drivers in Gansu, registered vehicles in Gansu, Sichuan, and Chongqing, and newly built roads in Tibet and Qinghai. Among the investigated provinces, Tibet, Qinghai, and Yunnan had a higher proportion of the roads with the high class. RTAs and RTA-induced casualties in the high-altitude provinces indicated a decreasing trend. The mortality rate per 10 000 vehicles and per 100 000 populations showed a decreasing trend, while the RTA-related mortality rate in Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Gansu remained high.Major changes for road traffic in high-altitude provinces have occurred over the past decade; however, the RTA-related mortality rate in high-altitude provinces has remained high. This study furthers understanding about road traffic safety in China; further studies on road traffic safety at high altitude should be

New machine learning tools for predictive vegetation mapping after climate change: Bagging and Random Forest perform better than Regression Tree Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

L.R. Iverson; A.M. Prasad; A. Liaw

2004-01-01

More and better machine learning tools are becoming available for landscape ecologists to aid in understanding species-environment relationships and to map probable species occurrence now and potentially into the future. To thal end, we evaluated three statistical models: Regression Tree Analybib (RTA), Bagging Trees (BT) and Random Forest (RF) for their utility in...

Hobusepea tänava kunstinäitused

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2010-01-01

Eesti ja ungari ehtekunstnike näitus HOP-galeriis 17. augustini. Eksponeeritakse Fanni Kiraly, Márta Edöcs'i, Anneli Tammiku ja Kristi Paapi ehteid. Vilen Künnapu ja Mare Vindi näitus Hobusepea galeriis 9. augustini. Taani ehtekunstnike Per Suntumi ja Kaori Juzu näitus A-Galeriis 16. augustini 2010

Rapid thermally annealed plasma deposited SiNx:H thin films: Application to metal-insulator-semiconductor structures with Si, In0.53Ga0.47As, and InP

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martil, I.; Prado, A. del; San Andres, E.; Gonzalez Diaz, G.; Martinez, F.L.

2003-01-01

We present in this article a comprehensive study of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) effects on the physical properties of SiN x :H thin films deposited by the electron cyclotron resonance plasma method. Films of different as-deposited compositions (defined in this article as the nitrogen to silicon ratio, x=N/Si) were analyzed: from Si-rich (x=0.97) to N-rich (x=1.6) films. The evolution of the composition, bonding configuration, and paramagnetic defects with the annealing temperature are explained by means of different network bond reactions that take place depending on the as-deposited film composition. All the analyzed films release hydrogen, while Si-rich and near-stoichiometric (x=1.43) ones also lose nitrogen upon annealing. These films were used to make Al/SiN x :H/semiconductor devices with Si, In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As, and InP. After RTA treatments, the electrical properties of the three different SiN x :H/semiconductor interfaces can be explained, noting the microstructural modifications that SiN x :H experiences upon annealing

Time-resolved photoluminescence of Ga(NAsP) multiple quantum wells grown on Si substrate: Effects of rapid thermal annealing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Woscholski, R., E-mail: ronja.woscholski@physik.uni-marburg.de; Shakfa, M.K.; Gies, S.; Wiemer, M.; Rahimi-Iman, A.; Zimprich, M.; Reinhard, S.; Jandieri, K.; Baranovskii, S.D.; Heimbrodt, W.; Volz, K.; Stolz, W.; Koch, M.

2016-08-31

Time-resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL) spectroscopy has been used to study the impact of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the optical properties and carrier dynamics in Ga(NAsP) multiple quantum well heterostructures (MQWHs) grown on silicon substrates. TR-PL measurements reveal an enhancement in the PL efficiency when the RTA temperature is increased up to 925 °C. Then, the PL intensity dramatically decreases with the annealing temperature. This behavior is explained by the variation of the disorder degree in the studied structures. The analysis of the low-temperature emission-energy-dependent PL decay time enables us to characterize the disorder in the Ga(NAsP) MQWHs. The theoretically extracted energy-scales of disorder confirm the experimental observations. - Highlights: • Ga(NAsP) multiple quantum well heterostructures (MQWHs) grown on silicon substrates • Impact of rapid thermal annealing on the optical properties and carrier dynamics • Time resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy was applied. • PL transients became continuously faster with increasing annealing temperature. • Enhancement in the PL efficiency with increasing annealing temperature up to 925 °C.

Factors Affecting Road Traffic Accident in Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia

Science.gov (United States)

Che-Him, Norziha; Roslan, Rozaini; Saifullah Rusiman, Mohd; Khalid, Kamil; Ghazali Kamardan, M.; Azbi Arobi, Farquis; Mohamad, Nazeera

2018-04-01

A road traffic accident resulted from the combination of factors related to the few components of the system involving environment, roads, road users, vehicles and the interaction between those systems. Road traffic accident (RTA) in Malaysia recorded as the highest fatality rate (per 100,000 population) among the ASEAN countries. In 2016, more than half of million cases accident recorded with more than 7,000 people were killed. Therefore, the RTA is one of the most critical issue in Malaysia even become the worldwide burden to authority. Generally, driving is a complex process which involves movement of a vehicle by either a computer or human controller. However, failure to control and coordinate will contribute to an accident. The objective of this study is to identify the pattern of accident in Johor Malaysia and to examine the relationship between the number of accident and the types of vehicles and roads. The results could help the government to recognise the different patterns, types of vehicles and roads that show major factors in the increasing of road traffic accident in Malaysia.

Regression tree analysis for predicting body weight of Nigerian Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oguntunji Abel Olusegun

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Morphometric parameters and their indices are central to the understanding of the type and function of livestock. The present study was conducted to predict body weight (BWT of adult Nigerian Muscovy ducks from nine (9 morphometric parameters and seven (7 body indices and also to identify the most important predictor of BWT among them using regression tree analysis (RTA. The experimental birds comprised of 1,020 adult male and female Nigerian Muscovy ducks randomly sampled in Rain Forest (203, Guinea Savanna (298 and Derived Savanna (519 agro-ecological zones. Result of RTA revealed that compactness; body girth and massiveness were the most important independent variables in predicting BWT and were used in constructing RT. The combined effect of the three predictors was very high and explained 91.00% of the observed variation of the target variable (BWT. The optimal regression tree suggested that Muscovy ducks with compactness >5.765 would be fleshy and have highest BWT. The result of the present study could be exploited by animal breeders and breeding companies in selection and improvement of BWT of Muscovy ducks.

Time-resolved photoluminescence of Ga(NAsP) multiple quantum wells grown on Si substrate: Effects of rapid thermal annealing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Woscholski, R.; Shakfa, M.K.; Gies, S.; Wiemer, M.; Rahimi-Iman, A.; Zimprich, M.; Reinhard, S.; Jandieri, K.; Baranovskii, S.D.; Heimbrodt, W.; Volz, K.; Stolz, W.; Koch, M.

2016-01-01

Time-resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL) spectroscopy has been used to study the impact of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the optical properties and carrier dynamics in Ga(NAsP) multiple quantum well heterostructures (MQWHs) grown on silicon substrates. TR-PL measurements reveal an enhancement in the PL efficiency when the RTA temperature is increased up to 925 °C. Then, the PL intensity dramatically decreases with the annealing temperature. This behavior is explained by the variation of the disorder degree in the studied structures. The analysis of the low-temperature emission-energy-dependent PL decay time enables us to characterize the disorder in the Ga(NAsP) MQWHs. The theoretically extracted energy-scales of disorder confirm the experimental observations. - Highlights: • Ga(NAsP) multiple quantum well heterostructures (MQWHs) grown on silicon substrates • Impact of rapid thermal annealing on the optical properties and carrier dynamics • Time resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy was applied. • PL transients became continuously faster with increasing annealing temperature. • Enhancement in the PL efficiency with increasing annealing temperature up to 925 °C

Comparative microstructure and electrical property studies of lead scandium tantalate thin films as prepared by LDCVD, sol-gel and sputtering techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang, Z; Donohue, P P; Zhang, Q; Williams, D J; Anthony, C J; Whatmore, R W; Todd, M A

2003-01-01

Lead scandium tantalate (PST) thin films for uncooled infrared (IR) detector applications have been deposited by liquid delivery chemical vapour deposition (LDCVD), sputtering and sol-gel techniques. The sol-gel and sputtered films were deposited at low temperature into a non-ferroelectric phase with the required perovskite structure being formed using a high temperature rapid thermal anneal (RTA). In contrast to this, the LDCVD films were deposited at high temperature directly into the perovskite phase but were found to still require a high temperature RTA step to optimize their merit for IR detection. Detailed structural and electrical characterization of the PST films deposited by these different methods have revealed that there is no simple relationship between microstructure and electrical properties. The sol-gel and LDCVD techniques produce thin films with excellent microstructures, as determined by x-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy, but inferior electrical properties and relatively low merit figures. By contrast, the sputtered and then rapid thermal annealed films have inferior microstructures, characterized by extensive voiding, but excellent electrical properties and high merit figures

An attempt to specify thermal history in CZ silicon wafers and possibilities for its modification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kissinger, G.; Sattler, A.; Mueller, T.; Ammon, W. von

2007-01-01

The term thermal history of silicon wafers represents the whole variety of process parameters of crystal growth. The aim of this contribution is an attempt to specify thermal history by one parameter that is directly correlated to the bulk microdefect density. The parameter that reflects thermal history and correlates it with nucleation of oxide precipitates is the concentration of VO 2 complexes. The VO 2 concentration in silicon wafers is too low to be measured by FTIR but it can be obtained from the loss of interstitial oxygen during a standardized thermal treatment. Based on this, the vacancy concentration frozen during crystal cooling in the ingot can be calculated. RTA treatments above 1150 deg. C create a well defined level of the VO 2 concentration in silicon wafers. This means that a well controlled modification of the thermal history is possible. We also investigated the kinetics of reduction of the as-grown excess VO 2 concentration during RTA treatments at 950 deg. C and 1050 deg. C and the effectiveness of this attempt to totally delete the thermal history

The On-Site Analysis of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

CERN Document Server

Bulgarelli, Andrea; Zoli, Andrea; Aboudan, Alessio; Rodríguez-Vázquez, Juan José; De Cesare, Giovanni; De Rosa, Adriano; Maier, Gernot; Lyard, Etienne; Bastieri, Denis; Lombardi, Saverio; Tosti, Gino; Bergamaschi, Sonia; Beneventano, Domenico; Lamanna, Giovanni; Jacquemier, Jean; Kosack, Karl; Antonelli, Lucio Angelo; Boisson, Catherine; Borkowski, Jerzy; Buson, Sara; Carosi, Alessandro; Conforti, Vito; Colomé, Pep; Reyes, Raquel de los; Dumm, Jon; Evans, Phil; Fortson, Lucy; Fuessling, Matthias; Gotz, Diego; Graciani, Ricardo; Gianotti, Fulvio; Grandi, Paola; Hinton, Jim; Humensky, Brian; Inoue, Susumu; Knödlseder, Jürgen; Flour, Thierry Le; Lindemann, Rico; Malaguti, Giuseppe; Markoff, Sera; Marisaldi, Martino; Neyroud, Nadine; Nicastro, Luciano; Ohm, Stefan; Osborne, Julian; Oya, Igor; Rodriguez, Jerome; Rosen, Simon; Ribo, Marc; Tacchini, Alessandro; Schüssler, Fabian; Stolarczyk, Thierry; Torresi, Eleonora; Testa, Vincenzo; Wegner, Peter

2015-01-01

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory will be one of the largest ground-based very high-energy gamma-ray observatories. The On-Site Analysis will be the first CTA scientific analysis of data acquired from the array of telescopes, in both northern and southern sites. The On-Site Analysis will have two pipelines: the Level-A pipeline (also known as Real-Time Analysis, RTA) and the level-B one. The RTA performs data quality monitoring and must be able to issue automated alerts on variable and transient astrophysical sources within 30 seconds from the last acquired Cherenkov event that contributes to the alert, with a sensitivity not worse than the one achieved by the final pipeline by more than a factor of 3. The Level-B Analysis has a better sensitivity (not be worse than the final one by a factor of 2) and the results should be available within 10 hours from the acquisition of the data: for this reason this analysis could be performed at the end of an observation or next morning. The latency (in part...

Crystallization behavior and domain structure in textured Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 thin films by different annealing processes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang, W.; Jiang, S.W.; Li, Y.R.; Zhu, J.; Zhang, Y.; Wei, X.H.; Zeng, H.Z.

2006-01-01

Amorphous Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 (PZT) thin films were prepared on the Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature. After rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and conventional furnace annealing (CFA) at different temperatures, the films were transformed into polycrystalline PZT thin films with (111) and (100) orientation, respectively. The phase formation and ferroelectric domains correlated with different orientation were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction and piezoresponse force microscopy. The results showed that the perovskite PZT crystal with [111] orientation hetero-nucleated preferentially on top of the PtPb intermetallic phase at the PZT/Pt interface during RTA process. It is of interest to find that the domain self-organized into a structure with rounded shape at the early stage of crystallization. While the nucleation of the films treated by CFA dominantly homo-nucleated, thus the (100) orientation grains with minimum surface energy were easy to grow. The texture effects on ferroelectric properties of PZT films were also discussed in relation to the domain structure

Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Children after Road Traffic Accidents

Science.gov (United States)

Landolt, Markus A.; Vollrath, Margarete; Timm, Karin; Gnehm, Hanspeter E.; Sennhauser, Felix H.

2005-01-01

Objective: To prospectively assess the prevalence, course, and predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) in children after road traffic accidents (RTAs). Method: Sixty-eight children (6.5-14.5 years old) were interviewed 4-6 weeks and 12 months after an RTA with the Child PTSD Reaction Index (response rate 58.6%). Their mothers (n = 60)…

prolapsed intervertebral disc in an african population

African Journals Online (AJOL)

African patients at our hospital, the largest regional referral and teaching hospital in Kenya. ... and risk factors is important in control of the problem, ... 20 years, and 49(8.1%) were older than 60 years (Table. 1). ... 126 (79.9%), followed by RTA, 24 (15.2%), falling from a ... weight it has to bear due to upright posture, lumbar.

ICT Indicators and Implications for Methods for Assessing Socioeconomic Impact of ICT

OpenAIRE

World Bank

2012-01-01

This report is being delivered pursuant to the agreement (Agreement) between the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt (MCIT) and the World Bank (Bank) for the provision by the Bank of technical assistance (RTA) to MCIT and certain of its affiliates. One of those affiliates is the Information Technology Industry Development Authority (ITIDA). ...

Requirements engineering for human activity systems

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Erasmus, J

2014-10-01

Full Text Available railway crossing system Measure of Effectiveness Min Max Priority Points Weight Rail-road safety, APAs 1 0 2 80 24 Investment cost, $k - RC 250k 150k 6 20 6 Sustainment cost, $k/20 years - RC 250k 100k 4 40 12 Investment cost, $k - RTA 20k 5k 9 1 0...

A case report on ATP6V0A4 gene mutation: Forecast of familial ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The patient does not have hearing impairment. ATP6V0A4 gene ... This case report emphasizes the significance of early diagnosis and genetic screening of recessive forms of ... Buffer defect /low buffer type distal RTA also involves the loss of ... weight of 4 Kg with no emergency treatment at the time of birth. Afterwards, his ...

Thermoelectric simple and multilayers prepared by laser

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jelínek, Miroslav; Zeipl, Radek; Vaniš, Jan; Kocourek, Tomáš; Remsa, Jan; Navrátil, Jiří; Lorinčík, J.

2016-01-01

Roč. 4, Jan (2016), s. 52-64 ISSN 2327-6045 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA13-33056S Institutional support: RVO:68378271 ; RVO:61389013 Keywords : PLD * RTA * laser deposition * annealing * thermoelectric layer * harman * FeSb 2 Te * Ce 0.1 * Fe 0.7 * Co 3.3 * Sb 12 Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism

Tamoxifeno y afecciones endometriales en pacientes con cáncer de mama

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Delia B. Dalbert

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Los objetivos fueron evaluar la prevalencia de afecciones endometriales en pacientes tratadas con tamoxifeno (TAM y analizar los aspectos epidemiológicos, ecográficos, histeroscópicos e histopatológicos. Desde enero de 1999 a diciembre 2008 se estudiaron 152 pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas con TAM (20 mg/día, sintomáticas (con sangrado o asintomáticas, pre y postmenopáusicas, incluidas en forma consecutiva. El diseño fue prospectivo y observacional. Los métodos diagnósticos usados fueron ecografía transvaginal, histeroscopía y biopsia. Las pacientes fueron seguidas durante 5 años con ecografía cada 12 meses e histeroscopia con biopsia en casos que lo justificaran. Edad: 62.76 ± 10.24 años y tiempo de tratamiento: 36.2 ± 19.9 meses. El adenocarcinoma se observó en 3/87 (3.45% pacientes con factores de riesgo y en 1/65 (1.54% sin ellos (RA: 1.91, IC 95% 1.88 a 1.94. Las afecciones benignas se hallaron en 148 pacientes (97.37% y los adenocarcinomas en 4 (2.63%,1 en un pólipo de aspecto benigno. Los 4 se observaron en mujeres postmenopáusicas (2 asintomáticas con grosor endometrial igual o mayor a 16 mm. El riesgo de cáncer fue significativamente mayor en sintomáticas (2.36 versus 0.42 en asintomáticas. Tres adenocarcinomas se detectaron entre 24 y 48 meses del tratamiento. Recomendamos un seguimiento con ecografía transvaginal de las pacientes asintomáticas, resección de los pólipos evaluando factores de riesgo y tiempo de exposición, en especial luego de los 24 meses. Consideramos aceptable un cut-off = 10 mm en el grosor del endometrio en postmenopáusicas asintomáticas para realizar histeroscopía y biopsia.

Expansión cutánea externa con endermología: un método alternativo complementario en reconstrucción mamaria diferida

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M. De la Cruz

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de mejorar las técnicas de reconstrucción mamaria diferida, incorporamos la técnica de endermología como método de expansión cutánea externa para eliminar el plano cicatricial inextensible que se forma entre la fascia del pectoral y el tejido celular subcutáneo tras la cirugía radical. Se trata de un procedimiento sencillo, de bajo coste y de aplicación universal, que en estos casos enfocamos a evitar nuevas cicatrices, complicaciones de zonas donantes, ingresos hospitalarios prolongados y los riesgos quirúrgicos elevados propios de las técnicas de reconstrucción mamaria con colgajos libres o pediculados, así como los frecuentes resultados insatisfactorios de la reconstrucción con expansor y prótesis en pacientes radiadas. Cuando la piel presenta un grosor insuficiente o la paciente ha sido sometida a radioterapia previa, complementamos el tratamiento con lipotransferencia de grasa abdominal. Todos los tratamientos de expansión cutánea externa se realizan en consulta mediante un equipo Cellu m6 (LPG® endermologia, Francia. Tras la expansión, realizamos la reconstrucción como un aumento mamario simple con prótesis anatómica. Medimos la ganancia de elasticidad cutánea tras masaje y el grosor dermograso mediante test de pellizco. Realizamos la simetrización de la mama contralateral ptósica o hipertrófica en el momento de la colocación del implante o de la mastectomía subcutánea contralateral profiláctica en pacientes de riesgo. Incluimos en el estudio mujeres sin distinción de edad, tipo o tamaño de tumor, o si han recibido radio o quimioterapia. Con esta técnica, obtenemos resultados homogeneamente satisfactorios sin añadir nuevas cicatrices y mejorando la calidad de la piel y de la cicatriz de mastectomía.

RESPUESTA A LA SELECCIÓN PARTICIPATIVA EN VARIEDADES DE CALABAZA DE LA SIERRA NORTE DE PUEBLA, MÉXICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Hernández

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio en la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Estado de México, durante 2001, con el objetivo de estimar en calabaza (Cucurbita pepo L. la respuesta a la selección participativa in situ en caracteres de planta, calidad de fruto y rendimiento de semilla. Se evaluaron dos variedades de la Sierra Norte de Puebla seleccionadas in situ: Mazapa (ciclos de selección 1 a 3, La Libertad (ciclos de selección 1 a 3 y un testigo, a una densidad de 27,639 plantas·ha-1, en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. La mayor respuesta por ciclo de selección, en promedio de localidades, ocurrió en la variedad Mazapa para número de frutos por planta (0.29 frutos; 31.8 %, altura (1.0 cm; 6.1 % y ancho de fruto (0.5 cm; 2.4 %, grosor de pulpa (0.1 cm; 5.8 %, altura (0.034; 1.6 % y ancho de semilla (0.001 cm; 0.11 %. La va- riedad La Libertad destacó en peso de semilla por fruto (12 g·fruto-1; 21 % y en peso de frutos por planta (0.1 kg·fruto-1; 6.6 %. El segundo ciclo de selección de la variedad Mazapa sobresalió en peso de fruto (3.77 kg, peso de semilla por planta (98 g, grosor de pulpa (2.6 cm, alto de fruto (23.6 cm, ancho de fruto (20.3 cm y ancho de semilla (0.934 cm. El tercer ciclo de selección en Mazapa mostró los valores más altos en número de frutos por planta (1.49, peso de fruto por hectárea (123.5 t·ha-1 y rendimiento de semilla por hectárea (3.83 t·ha-1.

AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY AMONG INJURY VICTIMS SEEKING SERVICE IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN KERALA DURING 2008-2009

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vinod Kumar B. P

2017-06-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND Knowledge and understanding of the epidemiological profile is an essential prerequisite for analysing the public health needs in the country and to enable efficient programme planning and management. Mortality is an important indicator of the magnitude of a health problem, along with that, there are several thousand injury survivors who are left with permanent disability. These nonfatal outcomes must also be measured in order to describe accurately the burden of disease due to injury. Disability is defined as an existing difficulty in performing one or more activities with respect to the subject’s age, gender and social role. The basic components of daily living are self-care, social relations and economic activity. Permanent disability such as paraplegia, quadriplegia, loss of eyesight or brain damage can deprive of an individual’s ability to do these basic needs. Disabilities force the individuals to depend on others for routine physical care and economical support. The aims of the studyPrimary Objectives- 1 To describe the pattern of injury, mechanism of injury and disability pattern among injury victims seeking a tertiary care centre service. 2 The age and gender preponderances. Secondary Objective- To describe the mortality contributed by RTA and mechanism of injury pattern among injury victims in a tertiary care centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Design- Both prospective and retrospective study. Study Period- Inpatient hospital study in orthopaedic ward, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, during the period; 23/09/2008 to 21/10/2009. RESULTS Total persons studied=1357; injured due to fresh trauma= 820; due to sequelae of trauma and other diseases= 537; 4.4% sustained acute soft tissue injuries and the rest were bony injuries. The mortality rate was 0.12% in the one year period. 2.1% were completely cured without any disability. 97.8% had left with some disability during the one year period. 6.8% of injured returned to

International Assessment of Unmanned Ground Vehicles

Science.gov (United States)

2008-02-01

and its funding has since been approved in 4-year blocks. 16 EDA Web Page. Background. Available: http://www.eda.europa.eu/genericitem.aspx?area...Establishment for Applied Science)], Belgium (Royal Military Acad- emy), Italy (Oto Melara of Finmeccanica), and Spain (Sener Ingenieria y Sistemas SA...ability as an international standard. 30 NATO RTO Web Site: http://www.rta.nato.int/ (Accessed January

Isolated gallbladder rupture following blunt abdominal trauma

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2011-11-03

Nov 3, 2011 ... Road traffic accidents. (RTA) that are on the increase are now the primary causes of .... motor vehicular incidents from road traffic accidents[2,4] followed by significant falls[1,3,4,6] and direct kicks or blows ... torn from the liver bed but with intact cystic duct and artery; and total avulsion also termed “traumatic ...

Stochastic Integration H∞ Filter for Rapid Transfer Alignment of INS.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Dapeng; Guo, Lei

2017-11-18

The performance of an inertial navigation system (INS) operated on a moving base greatly depends on the accuracy of rapid transfer alignment (RTA). However, in practice, the coexistence of large initial attitude errors and uncertain observation noise statistics poses a great challenge for the estimation accuracy of misalignment angles. This study aims to develop a novel robust nonlinear filter, namely the stochastic integration H ∞ filter (SIH ∞ F) for improving both the accuracy and robustness of RTA. In this new nonlinear H ∞ filter, the stochastic spherical-radial integration rule is incorporated with the framework of the derivative-free H ∞ filter for the first time, and the resulting SIH ∞ F simultaneously attenuates the negative effect in estimations caused by significant nonlinearity and large uncertainty. Comparisons between the SIH ∞ F and previously well-known methodologies are carried out by means of numerical simulation and a van test. The results demonstrate that the newly-proposed method outperforms the cubature H ∞ filter. Moreover, the SIH ∞ F inherits the benefit of the traditional stochastic integration filter, but with more robustness in the presence of uncertainty.

A study of mandibular fractures over a 5-year period of time: A retrospective study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ashish Vyas

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Objective: This study aims to evaluate and compare with the existing literature on the etiology, pattern, gender, and anatomical distribution of mandibular fractures. Materials and Methods: The data of 225 cases were analyzed over a period of 5 years between March 2009 and November 2013. Of this 110 were unilateral, 23 bilateral, 18 symphysis and 74 multiple fractures. Results: Males are more affected than females.The peak incidence rate is occurring in 30-35 years of age group. The most common fracture site is parasymphysis and least common site is ramus of mandible. The most common etiological factor is road traffic accident (RTA (45.3% followed by falls (42.6%, assaults (8.9%, sport injuries (2.2%, and gunshot wounds (0.89%. Conclusion: Thus, we conclude that RTA is the leading cause of mandibular fractures and males are more affected. The most common site is parasymphysis fracture in association with angle fracture. We observed that gender was significantly associated with body and angle fracture (P = 0.04 and significant relationship between etiology with multiple site fracture such as (parasymphysis-angle, (body-condyle, (body-angle, and (symphysis-condyle was observed (P ≤ 0.05.

Analysis of nonlocal phonon thermal conductivity simulations showing the ballistic to diffusive crossover

Science.gov (United States)

Allen, Philip B.

2018-04-01

Simulations [e.g., X. W. Zhou et al., Phys. Rev. B 79, 115201 (2009), 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.115201] show nonlocal effects of the ballistic/diffusive crossover. The local temperature has nonlinear spatial variation not contained in the local Fourier law j ⃗(r ⃗) =-κ ∇ ⃗T (r ⃗) . The heat current j ⃗(r ⃗) depends not just on the local temperature gradient ∇ ⃗T (r ⃗) but also on temperatures at points r⃗' within phonon mean free paths, which can be micrometers long. This paper uses the Peierls-Boltzmann transport theory in nonlocal form to analyze the spatial variation Δ T (r ⃗) . The relaxation-time approximation (RTA) is used because the full solution is very challenging. Improved methods of extrapolation to obtain the bulk thermal conductivity κ are proposed. Callaway invented an approximate method of correcting RTA for the q ⃗ (phonon wave vector or crystal momentum) conservation of N (Normal as opposed to Umklapp) anharmonic collisions. This method is generalized to the nonlocal case where κ (k ⃗) depends on the wave vector of the current j ⃗(k ⃗) and temperature gradient i k ⃗Δ T (k ⃗) .

Characterization of Al-Doped ZnO Transparent Conducting Thin Film Prepared by Off-Axis Magnetron Sputtering

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sin-Liang Ou

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The off-axis sputtering technique was used to deposit Al-doped ZnO (AZO films on glass substrates at room temperature. For the illustration of the sample position in the sputtering chamber, the value of R/r is introduced. Here, r is the radius of AZO target and R is the distance between the sample and the center of substrate holder. A systematic study for the effect of deposition parameters on structural, optical, and electrical properties of AZO films has been investigated in detail. As the sample position of R/r is fixed at 1.8, it is found that the as-deposited AZO film has relatively low resistivity of 2.67 × 10−3 Ω-cm and high transmittance above 80% in the visible region. Additionally, after rapid thermal annealing (RTA at 600°C with N2 atmosphere, the resistivity of this AZO film can be further reduced to 1.19 × 10−3 Ω-cm. This indicates the AZO films prepared by off-axis magnetron sputtering and treated via the appropriate RTA process have great potential in optoelectronic applications.

AHP 47: YELLOW-HEAD HORSE

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Sangs rgyas bkra shis སངས་རྒྱས་བཀྲ་ཤིས།

2017-04-01

Full Text Available My family had a stallion we called Rta mgo ser 'Yellow-Head Horse'. Father and two of his brothers occasionally rode it. Father said that Yellow-Head was very wild when it was taken to join local horseraces. I didn't believe that because Yellow-Head was very gentle when Mother rode it to the local monastery and also when I rode it.

EFFECT OF A ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION INTERVENTION ON ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

work on a daily basis and this exposes them to the risk of road crashes and .... of first aid for accident victims” conducted between. February and .... Road Crashes be prevented a. 90 (91.8). 91 (93.8). 80 (94.1). 74 (94.9). 74 (94.9). 59 (96.7). The following can be involved in. RTA prevention. Drivers a. 76 (77.6). 93 (96.9).

Treating Radiation Induced Skin Injury and Fibrosis Using Small Molecule Thiol Modifying Agents

Science.gov (United States)

2016-10-01

necrosis after the animals were sacrificed 1 week postop. Findings confirmed RTA-408 when delivered during radiation resulted in significant...irradiation induces extensive flap necrosis at the distal end of the skin flap 5 . In all experiments irradiation was performed using external beam...collagen deposition, vascular density, and mRNA expression of mediators of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Figure1: A) Initial wound at

Distal renal tubular acidosis in recurrent renal stone formers

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Osther, P J; Hansen, A B; Røhl, H F

1989-01-01

Renal acidification ability was examined in 90 recurrent renal stone formers, using fasting morning urinary pH levels followed by a short ammonium chloride loading test in subjects with pH levels above 6.0. Fifteen patients (16.6%) revealed a distal renal tubular acidification defect: one patient......, this has important therapeutic implications. The pathological sequence in renal stone formers with dRTA is discussed....

The lytic origin of herpesvirus papio is highly homologous to Epstein-Barr virus ori-Lyt: evolutionary conservation of transcriptional activation and replication signals.

Science.gov (United States)

Ryon, J J; Fixman, E D; Houchens, C; Zong, J; Lieberman, P M; Chang, Y N; Hayward, G S; Hayward, S D

1993-01-01

Herpesvirus papio (HVP) is a B-lymphotropic baboon virus with an estimated 40% homology to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). We have cloned and sequenced ori-Lyt of herpesvirus papio and found a striking degree of nucleotide homology (89%) with ori-Lyt of EBV. Transcriptional elements form an integral part of EBV ori-Lyt. The promoter and enhancer domains of EBV ori-Lyt are conserved in herpesvirus papio. The EBV ori-Lyt promoter contains four binding sites for the EBV lytic cycle transactivator Zta, and the enhancer includes one Zta and two Rta response elements. All five of the Zta response elements and one of the Rta motifs are conserved in HVP ori-Lyt, and the HVP DS-L leftward promoter and the enhancer were activated in transient transfection assays by the EBV Zta and Rta transactivators. The EBV ori-Lyt enhancer contains a palindromic sequence, GGTCAGCTGACC, centered on a PvuII restriction site. This sequence, with a single base change, is also present in the HVP ori-Lyt enhancer. DNase I footprinting demonstrated that the PvuII sequence was bound by a protein present in a Raji nuclear extract. Mobility shift and competition assays using oligonucleotide probes identified this sequence as a binding site for the cellular transcription factor MLTF. Mutagenesis of the binding site indicated that MLTF contributes significantly to the constitutive activity of the ori-Lyt enhancer. The high degree of conservation of cis-acting signal sequences in HVP ori-Lyt was further emphasized by the finding that an HVP ori-Lyt-containing plasmid was replicated in Vero cells by a set of cotransfected EBV replication genes. The central domain of EBV ori-Lyt contains two related AT-rich palindromes, one of which is partially duplicated in the HVP sequence. The AT-rich palindromes are functionally important cis-acting motifs. Deletion of these palindromes severely diminished replication of an ori-Lyt target plasmid. Images PMID:8389916

Osteomalacia complicating renal tubular acidosis in association with Sjogren′s syndrome

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Zohra El Ati

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Renal involvement in Sjogren′s syndrome (SS is not uncommon and may precede other complaints. Tubulointerstitial nephritis is the most common renal disease in SS and may lead to renal tubular acidosis (RTA, which in turn may cause osteomalacia. Nevertheless, osteomalacia rarely occurs as the first manifestation of a renal tubule disorder due to SS. We herewith describe a 43-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital for weakness, lumbago and inability to walk. X-ray of the long bones showed extensive demineralization of the bones. Laboratory investigations revealed chronic kidney disease with serum creatinine of 2.3 mg/dL and creatinine clearance of 40 mL/min, hypokalemia (3.2 mmol/L, hypophosphatemia (0.4 mmol/L, hypocalcemia (2.14 mmol/L and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (chlorine: 114 mmol/L; alkaline reserve: 14 mmol/L. The serum alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated. The serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D were low and borderline low, respectively, and the parathyroid hormone level was 70 pg/L. Urinalysis showed inappropriate alkaline urine (urinary PH: 7, glycosuria with normal blood glucose, phosphaturia and uricosuria. These values indicated the presence of both distal and proximal RTA. Our patient reported dryness of the mouth and eyes and Schirmer′s test showed xerophthalmia. An accessory salivary gland biopsy showed changes corresponding to stage IV of Chisholm and Masson score. Kidney biopsy showed diffuse and severe tubulo-interstitial nephritis with dense lymphoplasmocyte infiltrates. Sicca syndrome and renal interstitial infiltrates indicated SS as the underlying cause of the RTA and osteomalacia. The patient received alkalinization, vitamin D (Sterogyl ®, calcium supplements and steroids in an initial dose of 1 mg/kg/day, tapered to 10 mg daily. The prognosis was favorable and the serum creatinine level was 1.7 mg/dL, calcium was 2.2 mmol/L and serum phosphate was 0.9 mmol/L.

An epidemiologic survey of road traffic accidents in Iran: analysis of driver-related factors

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Moafian Ghasem

2013-06-01

Full Text Available 【Abstract】Objective: Road traffic accident (RTA and its related injuries contribute to a significant portion of the burden of diseases in Iran. This paper explores the as-sociation between driver-related factors and RTA in the country. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran and all data regarding RTAs from March 20, 2010 to June 10, 2010 were obtained from the Traffic Police Department. We included 538 588 RTA records, which were classified to control for the main confounders: accident type, final cause of accident, time of accident and driver-related factors. Driver-related factors included sex, educational level, license type, type of injury, duration between accident and getting the driving license and driver’s error type. Results: A total of 538 588 drivers (91.83% male, sex ratio of almost 13:1 were involved in the RTAs. Among them 423 932 (78.71% were uninjured; 224 818 (41.74% had a diploma degree. Grade 2 driving license represented the highest proportion of all driving licenses (290 811, 54.00%. The greatest number of accidents took place at 12:00-13:59 (75 024, 13.93%. The proportion of drivers involved in RTAs decreased from 15.90% in the first year of getting a driving license to 3.13% after 10 years’ of driving experience. Ne-glect of regulations was the commonest cause of traffic crashes (345 589, 64.17%. Non-observance of priority and inattention to the front were the most frequent final causes of death (138 175, 25.66% and 129 352, 24.02%, respectively. We found significant association between type of acci-dent and sex, education, license type, time of accident, final cause of accident, driver’s error as well as duration between accident and getting the driving license (all P<0.001. Conclusion: Our results will improve the traffic law enforcement measures, which will change inappropriate be-havior of drivers and protect the least experienced road users. Key words: Accidents, traffic; Automobile

Keunggulan Komparatif Indonesia Pada Sepuluh Komoditi Unggulan ASEAN Tahun 1997 - 2009

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Briliana Wellyanti

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Economic growth is one indicator of a country's welfare. The massive economic growth is the goal of whole country. One way to improve economic growth is international trade. Indonesia is one country with an open economy so that it can be said Indonesia also commit the international trade. One of Indonesia's largest export destination is the ASEAN countries. There are some commodities that have the largest contribution in exports among ASEAN countries. Commodities are grouped into the Top Ten ASEAN Trade Commodity. Top Ten ASEAN Trade Commodity is ten most commodities needed by ASEAN countries seen from the value of exports and imports that occur between ASEAN countries in the period 1997-2009. Departing from the above background, the purpose of this study is to see how the development of the Top Ten ASEAN Trade Commodity during the period 1997-2009, how the level of comparative advantage in the Top Ten ASEAN Indonesia Commodity Trade in the period 1997-2009 and determine the development of the Top Ten ASEAN Trade Commodity Indonesia in the period 1997-2009 based on the analysis of RTA (Relative Revealed Trade Advantage. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis method and analysis of comparative advantage / RTA analysis (Relative Revealed Trade Advantage. Based on the analysis of comparative advantage, it can be concluded that the commodities which have a comparative advantage based on the analysis of the RTA is a commodity with HS15 code (fats and animal or vegetable oils and their cleavage products; processed edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes and commodities with HS Code 71 (natural pearls, cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, precious metals, imitation jewelery, coins. The leading commodities (HS codes 71 and 15 is at the stage of maturity / growth (advanced. This shows that Indonesia can meet domestic demand for commodities 71 and 15 and able to export to meet the needs of overseas.

Studies of ultra shallow n+-p junctions formed by low-energy As-implantation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Girginoudi, D.; Georgoulas, N.; Thanailakis, A.; Polychroniadis, E.K.

2004-01-01

The generation and the evolution of extended defects in ultra-shallow n + -p junctions, formed by As ion implantation into silicon at low energies of 15, 10 and 5 keV and a dose of 1 x 10 15 cm -2 , and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at temperatures of 650 deg. C ≤T ≤ 950 deg. C have been studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. The generated defects in the end-of-range region are dislocation loops, which grew larger and their density decreased with increasing annealing temperature. Reduction in the implantation energy causes a decrease in defect size and density as well as in dissolution temperature. The loops dissolved at 950 deg. C for 15 and 10 keV, whereas for 5 keV they dissolved at 850 deg. C. Arsenic transient enhanced diffusion (TED) studied by ToF-SIMS measurements was observed at temperatures above 650 deg. C for all implantation energies, with markedly less TED for the 5 keV, although As segregates near the surface region. The results suggest that the surface plays a key role on the formation and the dissolution of the dislocation loops and the As TED, by acting as a perfect sink of point defects. A significant degradation in electrical activation efficiency and a sharp increase in sheet resistance were observed at the low energy of 5 keV. In addition, the increase of temperature causes a slight decrease in electrical activation efficiency. Out-diffusion of As (10-25%) plays a significant role in the electrically active fraction of the dopant, due to the extreme proximity to the surface of high As concentrations. Junctions shallower than 40 nm, with 50-40% of the implanted dose electrically active and sheet resistance of 370-320 ohm/square, were obtained for the 5 keV. Finally, the TED during RTA was correctly simulated using a RTA model implemented in SSUPREM4 of the process simulator, including the dislocation loops and the dose loss

An epidemiologic survey of road traffic accidents in Iran: analysis of driver-related factors.

Science.gov (United States)

Moafian, Ghasem; Aghabeigi, Mohammad-Reza; Heydari, Seyed Taghi; Hoseinzadeh, Amin; Lankarani, Kamran Bagheri; Sarikhani, Yaser

2013-01-01

Road traffic accident (RTA) and its related injuries contribute to a significant portion of the burden of diseases in Iran. This paper explores the association between driver-related factors and RTA in the country. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran and all data regarding RTAs from March 20, 2010 to June 10, 2010 were obtained from the Traffic Police Department. We included 538 588 RTA records, which were classified to control for the main confounders: accident type, final cause of accident, time of accident and driver-related factors. Driver-related factors included sex, educational level, license type, type of injury, duration between accident and getting the driving license and driver's error type. A total of 538 588 drivers (91.83% male, sex ratio of almost 13:1) were involved in the RTAs. Among them 423 932 (78.71%) were uninjured; 224 818 (41.74%) had a diploma degree. Grade 2 driving license represented the highest proportion of all driving licenses (290 811, 54.00%). The greatest number of accidents took place at 12:00-13:59 (75 024, 13.93%). The proportion of drivers involved in RTAs decreased from 15.90% in the first year of getting a driving license to 3.13% after 10 years'of driving experience. Neglect of regulations was the commonest cause of traffic crashes (345 589, 64.17%). Non-observance of priority and inattention to the front were the most frequent final causes of death (138 175, 25.66% and 129 352, 24.02%, respectively). We found significant association between type of accident and sex, education, license type, time of accident, final cause of accident, driver's error as well as duration between accident and getting the driving license (all P less than 0.001). Our results will improve the traffic law enforcement measures, which will change inappropriate behavior of drivers and protect the least experienced road users.

Critical process temperatures for resistive InGaAsP/InP heterostructures heavily implanted by Fe or Ga ions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fekecs, André [Institut Interdisciplinaire d’Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 0A5 (Canada); Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, QC (Canada); Chicoine, Martin [Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7 (Canada); Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, QC (Canada); Ilahi, Bouraoui [Institut Interdisciplinaire d’Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 0A5 (Canada); SpringThorpe, Anthony J. [Canadian Photonics Fabrication Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 (Canada); Schiettekatte, François [Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7 (Canada); Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, QC (Canada); Morris, Denis [Institut Interdisciplinaire d’Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 0A5 (Canada); Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, QC (Canada); and others

2015-09-15

Highlights: • InGaAsP/InP alloys were processed by MeV ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing. • X-ray diffraction and Hall measurement results are compared for several process conditions. • Amorphous layers formed at low implantation temperature. • Dynamic annealing prevented amorphization at implantation above room temperature. • After annealing near 500 °C, sheet resistivities of 10{sup 7} Ω/sq were obtained with low temperature Fe implantation. - Abstract: We report on critical ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process temperatures that produce resistive Fe- or Ga-implanted InGaAsP/InP heterostructures. Two InGaAsP/InP heterostructure compositions, with band gap wavelengths of 1.3 μm and 1.57 μm, were processed by ion implantation sequences done at multiple MeV energies and high fluence (10{sup 15} cm{sup −2}). The optimization of the fabrication process was closely related to the implantation temperature which influences the type of implant-induced defect structures. With hot implantation temperatures, at 373 K and 473 K, X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that dynamic defect annealing was strong and prevented the amorphization of the InGaAsP layers. These hot-implanted layers were less resistive and RTA could not optimize them systematically in favor of high resistivity. With cold implantation temperatures, at 83 K and even at 300 K, dynamic annealing was minimized. Damage clusters could form and accumulate to produce resistive amorphous-like structures. After recrystallization by RTA, polycrystalline signatures were found on every low-temperature Fe- and Ga-implanted structures. For both ion species, electrical parameters evolved similarly against annealing temperatures, and resistive structures were produced near 500 °C. However, better isolation was obtained with Fe implantation. Differences in sheet resistivities between the two alloy compositions were less than band gap-related effects. These observations, related

Osteomalacia complicating renal tubular acidosis in association with Sjogren's syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

El Ati, Zohra; Fatma, Lilia Ben; Boulahya, Ghada; Rais, Lamia; Krid, Madiha; Smaoui, Wided; Maiz, Hedi Ben; Beji, Soumaya; Zouaghi, Karim; Moussa, Fatma Ben

2014-09-01

Renal involvement in Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is not uncommon and may precede other complaints. Tubulointerstitial nephritis is the most common renal disease in SS and may lead to renal tubular acidosis (RTA), which in turn may cause osteomalacia. Nevertheless, osteomalacia rarely occurs as the first manifestation of a renal tubule disorder due to SS. We herewith describe a 43-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital for weakness, lumbago and inability to walk. X-ray of the long bones showed extensive demineralization of the bones. Laboratory investigations revealed chronic kidney disease with serum creatinine of 2.3 mg/dL and creatinine clearance of 40 mL/min, hypokalemia (3.2 mmol/L), hypophosphatemia (0.4 mmol/L), hypocalcemia (2.14 mmol/L) and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (chlorine: 114 mmol/L; alkaline reserve: 14 mmol/L). The serum alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated. The serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D were low and borderline low, respectively, and the parathyroid hormone level was 70 pg/L. Urinalysis showed inappropriate alkaline urine (urinary PH: 7), glycosuria with normal blood glucose, phosphaturia and uricosuria. These values indicated the presence of both distal and proximal RTA. Our patient reported dryness of the mouth and eyes and Schirmer's test showed xerophthalmia. An accessory salivary gland biopsy showed changes corresponding to stage IV of Chisholm and Masson score. Kidney biopsy showed diffuse and severe tubulo-interstitial nephritis with dense lymphoplasmocyte infiltrates. Sicca syndrome and renal interstitial infiltrates indicated SS as the underlying cause of the RTA and osteomalacia. The patient received alkalinization, vitamin D (Sterogyl ®), calcium supplements and steroids in an initial dose of 1 mg/kg/day, tapered to 10 mg daily. The prognosis was favorable and the serum creatinine level was 1.7 mg/dL, calcium was 2.2 mmol/L and serum phosphate was 0.9 mmol/L.

Anomalous transport phenomena in Fermi liquids with strong magnetic fluctuations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kontani, Hiroshi

2008-01-01

In this paper, we present recent developments in the theory of transport phenomena based on the Fermi liquid theory. In conventional metals, various transport coefficients are scaled according to the quasiparticles relaxation time, τ, which implies that the relaxation time approximation (RTA) holds well. However, such a simple scaling does not hold in many strongly correlated electron systems. The most famous example would be high-T c superconductors (HTSCs), where almost all the transport coefficients exhibit a significant deviation from the RTA results. This issue has been one of the most significant unresolved problems in HTSCs for a long time. Similar anomalous transport phenomena have been observed in metals near their antiferromagnetic (AF) quantum critical point (QCP). The main goal of this study is to demonstrate whether the anomalous transport phenomena in HTSC is evidence of a non-Fermi liquid ground state, or just RTA violation in strongly correlated Fermi liquids. Another goal is to establish a unified theory of anomalous transport phenomena in metals with strong magnetic fluctuations. For these purposes, we develop a method for calculating various transport coefficients beyond the RTA by employing field theoretical techniques. In a Fermi liquid, an excited quasiparticle induces other excited quasiparticles by collision, and current due to these excitations is called a current vertex correction (CVC). Landau noticed the existence of CVC first, which is indispensable for calculating transport coefficients in accord with the conservation laws. Here, we develop a transport theory involving resistivity and the Hall coefficient on the basis of the microscopic Fermi liquid theory, by considering the CVC. In nearly AF Fermi liquids, we find that the strong backward scattering due to AF fluctuations induces the CVC with prominent momentum dependence. This feature of the CVC can account for the significant enhancement in the Hall coefficient, magnetoresistance

APLICACIÓN DEL DISEÑO DE EXPERIMENTOS PARA EL ANÁLISIS DEL PROCESO DE DOBLADO APLICAÇÃO DO DESENHO DE EXPERIMENTOS PARA A ANÁ LISE DO PROCESSO DE DOBRA DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS APPLICATION FOR BENDING PROCESS ANALYSIS

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GIOVANNI PÉREZ

2009-07-01

Full Text Available El artículo expone un estudio realizado sobre el proceso de doblado en una empresa, para determinar qué factores tienen efecto sobre las dimensiones (longitud y ángulo de doblado de las piezas de metal obtenidas. Acorde con la metodología de Diseño de Experimentos se desarrolla este estudio, para el cual se consideraron cuatro factores (operario, dobladora, material y grosor del material, cada uno con dos niveles que fueron seleccionados de manera aleatoria de una población de posibles niveles. Dos réplicas se tomaron para cada combinación de tratamientos. Las corridas experimentales se hicieron de modo aleatorio para garantizar la ausencia de sesgo en la recolección de los datos. Con lo anterior se realizaron en total 32 corridas experimentales, correspondientes a 32 datos de longitud y 32 datos de ángulo, considerando todas las posibles combinaciones. El análisis de los resultados muestra que las dimensiones de las piezas dobladas fluctúan. Para la longitud de doblado, se encontró que existe variabilidad en la población de niveles de los factores Dobladora y Grosor y en la interacción Dobladora*Operario; respecto al ángulo de doblado, se encontraron variaciones en la población de niveles de los factores Operario y Grosor y la interacción Operario*Grosor. En síntesis, el proceso de doblado presenta variaciones considerables que pueden ser preocupantes a la hora de requerir mucha precisión para un proceso de ensamble posterior.O artigo expõe um estudo realizado sobre o processo de dobra em uma empresa, para determinar os fatores que têm efeito sobre as dimensões (comprimento e ângulo de dobra das peças de metal obtidas. Acorde com a metodologia de Desenho de Experimentos se desenvolve este estudo, para o qual se consideraram quatro fatores (operário, máquina de dobra, material e espessura do material, cada um com dois níveis que foram selecionados de maneira aleatória de uma população de possíveis níveis. Duas

Factores asociados con la pérdida de germinación y vigor en la semilla de dos cultivares de soya Glycine max (L. en postcosecha Factors associated with low vigor and loss of germination of two soybean varieties in post harvest

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agudelo D. Orlando

1990-12-01

Full Text Available La investigación tuvo como finalidad evaluar algunos factores que inciden en la pérdida de germinación y vigor de la semilla de soya, tales como los contenidos de ácidos grasos libres y el índice de peróxidos, el tiempo de almacenamiento y el grosor de la cubierta seminal. También se pretendió evaluar los efectos de la profundidad de siembra (3 y 6 cm y textura del substrato de germinación (arena y suelo. La fase experimental se desarrolló en 1990 en ICA Palmira, Las semillas de los cultivares SOYICAP. 31 Y SOYICA P.33 permanecieron almacenados por espacio de noventa días en condiciones ambientales. Se hicieron evaluaciones mensuales de germinación, vigor, contenido de humedad, contenido de ácidos grasos libres y contenido de peróxidos; además se realizó un análisis del grosor de la cubierta seminal y de los cotiledones de cada cultivar. La más alta calidad fisiológica de la semilla se obtuvo a los noventa días de almacenamiento. El contenido de ácidos grasos libres y peróxidos afectó la capacidad del almacenamiento de ésta a través del tiempo. El mayor porcentaje de germinación e índice de vigor en cada variedad coincidió con menores valores tanto en el contenido de ácidos grasos como en el índice de peróxidos. El substrato suelo y la profundidad de siembra de seis centímetros, estuvieron asociados con el menor porcentaje de germinación e índice de vigor. La mejor expresión del vigor y germinación se obtuvo en el substrato arena y la profundidad de siembra de tres centímetros. Se encontró que la variedad SOYICA P. 33 presenta un menor grosor de la testa que la SOYICA P. 31. No existen diferencias sobresalientes, ni morfológicamente ni en cuanto a medidas en las estructuras cotiledonales de las dos variedades.In the National Center of Agricultural Research (ICA of Palmira and Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias of Palmira a experirnent with the objetive to see the loss of germination and low vigor in seed

Social Radar

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-01

RTA HFM-201/RSM PAPER 3 - 1 © 2012 The MITRE Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Social Radar Barry Costa and John Boiney MITRE Corporation...defenders require an integrated set of capabilities that we refer to as a “ social radar.” Such a system would support strategic- to operational-level...situation awareness, alerting, course of action analysis, and measures of effectiveness for each action undertaken. Success of a social radar

AHP 33: Farmers, Fugitives, Ghosts, and Exploding Grasshoppers: Everyday Life in Horse Race Village, a Tibetan Community on the Yellow River

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Rka phug Rdo rje don grub རྐ་ཕུག་རྡོ་རྗེ་དོན་གྲུབ།

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Rta rgyugs (Dajiu tan is a natural farming village that is part of Rka phug (Gabu Administrative Village, northwest of Khams ra (Kanbula Town, Gcan tsha (Jianzha County, Rma lho (Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Mtsho sngon (Qinghai Province, PR China. Other aspects of the community are presented in terms of history, education, housing, eating, sleeping, archery, religion, livelihood, sources of cash income, stories, folktales, and photographs.

Very smooth FeSb.sub.2./sub.Te and Ce.sub.0.1./sub.Fe.sub.0.7./sub.Co.sub.3.3./sub.Sb.sub.12./sub. layers prepared by modified PLD

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Remsa, Jan; Jelínek, Miroslav; Kocourek, Tomáš; Zeipl, Radek; Navrátil, Jiří

2016-01-01

Roč. 45, č. 3 (2016), s. 1921-1926 ISSN 0361-5235 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA13-33056S Institutional support: RVO:68378271 ; RVO:61389013 Keywords : PLD * RTA * thermoelectric layer * Harman * FeSb 2 Te * Ce 0.1 Fe 0.7 Co 3.3 Sb 12 Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism; CD - Macromolecular Chemistry (UMCH-V) Impact factor: 1.579, year: 2016

Los cementos de ionómero vítreo de alta viscosidad para el éxito del tratamiento restaurador atraumático.

OpenAIRE

Brain Lascano, Laura C.

2016-01-01

Objetivo: Evaluar mediante un estudio in vitro las propiedades: Resistencia Compresiva (RC), Resistencia Flexural (RF), Resistencia al Desgaste (RD), Rugosidad Superficial (RS), Dureza Vickers (HV) y Remineralizacion de los Tejidos Adyacentes (RTA), de diversos CIV de alta viscosidad usados en el TRA con diversos materiales de recubrimiento superficial. Materiales y Métodos: Se analizaron 5 CIV: EQUIA FIL, Fuji IX, Ketac Molar Easymix, Ionofil Molar, Vitremer, combinados con diferen...

Relaxation of excited surface states of thin Ge-implanted silica films probed by OSEE spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zatsepin, A.F., E-mail: a.f.zatsepin@urfu.ru [Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg (Russian Federation); Buntov, E.A.; Mikhailovich, A.P.; Slesarev, A.I. [Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg (Russian Federation); Schmidt, B. [Research Center Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, P.O. Box 510119, D-01314 Dresden (Germany); Czarnowski, A. von; Fitting, Hans-Joachim [Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, D-18051 Rostock (Germany)

2016-01-15

As an example of thin silica films, 30 nm SiO{sub 2}–Si heterostructures implanted with Ge{sup +} ions (10{sup 16} cm{sup −2} fluence) and rapid thermally annealed (RTA) at 950 °C are studied by means of optically stimulated electron emission (OSEE) in the spectral region of optical transparency for bulk silica. Quartz glass samples were used as references. Experimental data revealed a strong dependence between electron emission spectral features and RTA annealing time. The spectral contributions of both surface band tail states and interband transitions were clearly distinguished. The application of emission Urbach rule as well as Kane and Pässler equations allowed to analyze the OSEE spectra at different optical excitation energy ranges and to retrieve the important microstructural and energy parameters. The observed correlations between parameter values of Urbach- and Kane-related models suggest the implantation-induced conversion of both the vibrational subsystem and energy band of surface and interface electronic states. - Highlights: • Peculiarities of electron emission from excited surface states of SiO{sub 2}:Ge structures are studied. • Spectral contributions of surface band tails and interband transitions are distinguished. • Urbach and Kane models allow to examine photo-thermal emission mechanism. • Surface energy gap and structural disorder parameters are determined.

Fabrication of a Cu(InGaSe2 Thin Film Photovoltaic Absorber by Rapid Thermal Annealing of CuGa/In Precursors Coated with a Se Layer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chun-Yao Hsu

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Cu(InGaSe2 (CIGS thin film absorbers are prepared using sputtering and selenization processes. The CuGa/In precursors are selenized during rapid thermal annealing (RTA, by the deposition of a Se layer on them. This work investigates the effect of the Cu content in precursors on the structural and electrical properties of the absorber. Using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Hall effect measurement, it is found that the CIGS thin films produced exhibit facetted grains and a single chalcopyrite phase with a preferred orientation along the (1 1 2 plane. A Cu-poor precursor with a Cu/( ratio of 0.75 demonstrates a higher resistance, due to an increase in the grain boundary scattering and a reduced carrier lifetime. A Cu-rich precursor with a Cu/( ratio of 1.15 exhibits an inappropriate second phase ( in the absorber. However, the precursor with a Cu/( ratio of 0.95 exhibits larger grains and lower resistance, which is suitable for its application to solar cells. The deposition of this precursor on Mo-coated soda lime glass substrate and further RTA causes the formation of a MoSe2 layer at the interface of the Mo and CIGS.

Online Monitoring of Copper Damascene Electroplating Bath by Voltammetry: Selection of Variables for Multiblock and Hierarchical Chemometric Analysis of Voltammetric Data

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aleksander Jaworski

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The Real Time Analyzer (RTA utilizing DC- and AC-voltammetric techniques is an in situ, online monitoring system that provides a complete chemical analysis of different electrochemical deposition solutions. The RTA employs multivariate calibration when predicting concentration parameters from a multivariate data set. Although the hierarchical and multiblock Principal Component Regression- (PCR- and Partial Least Squares- (PLS- based methods can handle data sets even when the number of variables significantly exceeds the number of samples, it can be advantageous to reduce the number of variables to obtain improvement of the model predictions and better interpretation. This presentation focuses on the introduction of a multistep, rigorous method of data-selection-based Least Squares Regression, Simple Modeling of Class Analogy modeling power, and, as a novel application in electroanalysis, Uninformative Variable Elimination by PLS and by PCR, Variable Importance in the Projection coupled with PLS, Interval PLS, Interval PCR, and Moving Window PLS. Selection criteria of the optimum decomposition technique for the specific data are also demonstrated. The chief goal of this paper is to introduce to the community of electroanalytical chemists numerous variable selection methods which are well established in spectroscopy and can be successfully applied to voltammetric data analysis.

Sjögren syndrome presenting with hypopotassemic periodic paralysis due to renal tubular acidosis

Science.gov (United States)

Ataoglu, Esra Hayriye; Demir, Betul; Tuna, Mazhar; Çavus, Bilger; Cetin, Faik; Temiz, Levent Umit; Ozturk, Savas; Yenigun, Mustafa

2012-01-01

Summary Background: Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune-lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration of exocrine glands. Clinically, Sjögren syndrome (SS) has a wide spectrum, varying from autoimmune exocrinopathy to systemic involvement. There have been few cases reporting that primary SS developed with distal renal tubular acidosis clinically. Case Report: Here, we present a case with primary Sjögren syndrome accompanied by hypopotassemic paralysis due to renal tubular acidosis. Severe hypopotassemia, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, alkaline urine and disorder in urinary acidification test were observed in the biochemical examination of the 16-year-old female patient, who had applied to our clinic for extreme loss of muscle force. After the examinations it was determined that the patient had developed Type 1 RTA (distal RTA) due to primary Sjögren syndrome. Potassium and alkaline replacement was made and an immediate total recovery was achieved. Conclusions: Hypopotassemic paralysis due to primary Sjögren syndrome is a rare but severe disorder that could lead to death if not detected early and cured appropriately. Thus, effective treatment should be immediately initiated in cases where severe hypopotassemia is accompanied by metabolic acidosis, and the cases should also be examined for extraglandular involvement of SS. PMID:23569525

Use of B{sub 2}O{sub 3} films grown by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition for shallow boron doping in silicon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kalkofen, Bodo, E-mail: bodo.kalkofen@ovgu.de; Amusan, Akinwumi A.; Bukhari, Muhammad S. K.; Burte, Edmund P. [Institute of Micro and Sensor Systems, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg (Germany); Garke, Bernd [Institute for Experimental Physics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg (Germany); Lisker, Marco [IHP, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder) (Germany); Gargouri, Hassan [SENTECH Instruments GmbH, Schwarzschildstraße 2, 12489 Berlin (Germany)

2015-05-15

Plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition (PALD) was carried for growing thin boron oxide films onto silicon aiming at the formation of dopant sources for shallow boron doping of silicon by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). A remote capacitively coupled plasma source powered by GaN microwave oscillators was used for generating oxygen plasma in the PALD process with tris(dimethylamido)borane as boron containing precursor. ALD type growth was obtained; growth per cycle was highest with 0.13 nm at room temperature and decreased with higher temperature. The as-deposited films were highly unstable in ambient air and could be protected by capping with in-situ PALD grown antimony oxide films. After 16 weeks of storage in air, degradation of the film stack was observed in an electron microscope. The instability of the boron oxide, caused by moisture uptake, suggests the application of this film for testing moisture barrier properties of capping materials particularly for those grown by ALD. Boron doping of silicon was demonstrated using the uncapped PALD B{sub 2}O{sub 3} films for RTA processes without exposing them to air. The boron concentration in the silicon could be varied depending on the source layer thickness for very thin films, which favors the application of ALD for semiconductor doping processes.

Synthesis of dilute magnetic semiconductors by ion implantation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Braunstein, G.H.; Dresselhaus, G.; Withrow, S.P.

1986-01-01

We have synthesized layers of CdMnTe by implantation of Mn into CdTe. Samples of CdTe have been implanted with Mn ions of 60 keV energy to fluences in the range 1 x 10 13 cm -2 to 2 x 10 16 cm -2 resulting in local concentrations of up to 10% at the maximum of the Mn distribution. Rutherford backscattering-channeling analysis has been used to study the radiation damage after implantation and after subsequent rapid thermal annealing (RTA). These experiments reveal that RTA for 15 sec at a temperature T greater than or equal to 700 0 C results in the complete recovery of the lattice order, without affecting the stoichiometry of CdTe. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements of a sample showing complete annealing reveal an increase in the band gap corresponding to the synthesis of very dilute (x approx. = 0.004) Cd/sub 1-x/Mn/sub x/Te. A shift of the excitonic PL peak to lower energies is observed when a magnetic field H less than or equal to 1T is applied. These measurements provide clear evidence for the synthesis of a DMS by ion implantation of Mn into CdTe

Excimer laser annealing of shallow As and B doped layers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Monakhov, E.V.; Svensson, B.G.; Linnarsson, M.K.; Magna, A. La; Privitera, V.; Camalleri, M.; Fortunato, G.; Mariucci, L.

2004-01-01

Excimer laser annealing (ELA) of As-, B- and BF 2 -implanted Si has been studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), spreading resistance probe (SRP) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The implantations have been performed in the energy range from 1 to 30 keV with doses of 10 15 -10 16 cm -2 . ELA has been carried out with the energy densities in the range of 600-1200 mJ/cm 2 and the number of laser pulses from 1 to 10. It is shown that ELA results in a more uniform dopant distribution over the doped region with a more abrupt profile edge as compared to those after rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Besides, in contrast to RTA, ELA demonstrates a highly confined annealing effect, where the distribution of dopants below the melting region is not affected. SRP measurements demonstrate almost complete activation of the implanted dopants after ELA, and TEM does not reveal extended defects in the ELA-treated samples. The depth of the doped layers, abruptness of the profiles and the total doping dose as a function of ELA energy density and number of laser pulses are investigated. Computer simulations of ELA show a good agreement with the experimental data

Non-conventional provisions in regional trade agreements : do they enhance international trade?

OpenAIRE

Hayakawa, Kazunobu; Kimura, Fukunari; Nabeshima, Kaoru

2011-01-01

The scope of recent regional trade agreements (RTAs) is becoming much wider in terms of including several provisions such as competition policy or intellectual property. This paper empirically examines how far advanced, non-conventional provisions in RTAs increase trade values among RTA member countries, by estimating the gravity equation with more disaggregated indicators for RTAs. As a result, we find that the provision on competition policy has the largest impacts on trade values, followin...

Early psychological intervention in accidentally injured children ages 2–16: a randomized controlled trial

OpenAIRE

Kramer, Didier N.; Landolt, Markus A.

2014-01-01

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTA) and burns are frequent events in children. Although many children recover spontaneously, a considerable number develop long-term psychological sequelae. Evidence on early psychological interventions to prevent such long-term problems is still scarce for school-age children and completely lacking for pre-school children.Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of an early two-session cognitive-behavioral intervention in 108 children ages 2–16 after RTAs and...

Contact metallurgy optimization for ohmic contacts to InP

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Clausen, Thomas; Pedersen, Arne Skyggebjerg; Leistiko, Otto

1991-01-01

AuGeNi and AuZnNi metallizations to n- and p-InP were studied as a function of the annealing temperature in a Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) system. For n-InP (S:8×1018cm-3) a broad minimum existed from 385°C to 500°C, in which the specific contact resistance, rc, was about 10-7 ¿cm2. The lowe...

Two unusual cases of severe recalcitrant hypocalcemia due to aminoglycoside-induced hypomagnesemia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tarun Varma

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Aminoglycoside (AMG-induced renal toxicity is well-known and may manifest with non-oliguric renal failure or renal tubular dysfunction like Fanconi-like syndrome, Barter syndrome-like syndrome or distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA. These phenomena have been described with Gentamycin and Amikacin though rarely with Kanamycin. We present two cases of pulmonary tuberculosis that were treated with Kanamycin and during the course of treatment, developed severe recalcitrant hypocalcemia along with hypomagnesemia.

RF Energy Interaction With Electro-Optic Materials (Single Investigator Award Proposed to Address Research Topic Area 6.4. Electromagnetics and RF Circuit Integration)

Science.gov (United States)

2015-12-27

sacrificial wet etching and transferred to silicon waveguides using a pick-and-place process. To demonstrate the technique, a hybrid silicon and...identified. Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) is then performed at 1000 °C for 30 s to repair the crystal lattice and restore the electro-optical properties of...material to increase the scattering loss of the acoustic wave [24,25]. The surface roughness can be produced by dry or wet etching . Sufficiently

Bringing EU-Turkey trade and investment relations up to date?

OpenAIRE

Dawar, Kamala; Sübidey, Togan

2016-01-01

The case is made that the EU-Turkey CU of 1995 covering industrial goods should be modernised and modified to take into account the various and growing criticisms of the original CU. Furthermore, economic integration between the EU and Turkey should be strengthened by signing a complementary deep integration regional trade agreement (RTA) between the EU and Turkey, covering agriculture, SPS measures, services, government procurement, investment, and dispute settlement. For Turkey, the objecti...

Retinite idiopática, vasculite, aneurismas e neurorretinite (IRVAN: relato de caso

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kelly Fernandes de Paula Rodrigues

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Relatamos caso de um paciente de 14 anos, sexo masculino, que foi admitido com queixa de embaçamento visual bilateral há dois anos. Ao exame oftalmológico observou-se leve hiperemia e edema de disco óptico bilateral, exsudação retiniana, poucas hemorragias retinianas, múltiplos aneurismas, assim como sinais de vasculite. A angiofluoresceinografia demonstrou isquemia periférica extensa, dilatações e hiperfluorescência das paredes dos vasos, e vazamento tardio do disco óptico nas fases finais do exame em ambos os olhos. Este caso representa uma rara entidade caracterizada por oclusão retiniana vascular periférica, vasculite retiniana, múltiplos aneurismas retinianos e neurorretinite (IRVAN. Avaliação sistêmica e laboratorial não revelaram nenhuma anormalidade. O paciente foi submetido à panfotocoagulação de retina com laser de argônio em ambos os olhos, e iniciado tratamento com prednisona via oral, com manutenção da acuidade visual de 20/25 depois de um ano de acompanhamento. O tratamento com laser deve ser considerado quando houver qualquer evidência angiográfica de má perfusão retiniana, e antes do desenvolvimento de qualquer sinal de neovascularização de retina.

SU-F-19A-12: Split-Ring Applicator with Interstitial Needle for Improved Volumetric Coverage in HDR Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sherertz, T; Ellis, R; Colussi, V; Mislmani, M; Traughber, B; Herrmann, K; Podder, T [University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH (United States)

2014-06-15

Purpose: To evaluate volumetric coverage of a Mick Radionuclear titanium Split-Ring applicator (SRA) with/without interstitial needle compared to an intracavitary Vienna applicator (VA), interstitial-intracavitary VA, and intracavitary ring and tandem applicator (RTA). Methods: A 57 year-old female with FIGO stage IIB cervical carcinoma was treated following chemoradiotherapy (45Gy pelvic and 5.4Gy parametrial boost) with highdose- rate (HDR) brachytherapy to 30Gy in 5 fractions using a SRA. A single interstitial needle was placed using the Ellis Interstitial Cap for the final three fractions to increase coverage of left-sided gross residual disease identified on 3T-MRI. High-risk (HR) clinical target volume (CTV) and intermediate-risk (IR) CTV were defined using axial T2-weighted 2D and 3D MRI sequences (Philips PET/MRI unit). Organs-at-risks (OARs) were delineated on CT. Oncentra planning system was used for treatment optimization satisfying GEC-ESTRO guidelines for target coverage and OAR constraints. Retrospectively, treatment plans (additional 20 plans) were simulated using intracavitary SRA (without needle), intracavitary VA (without needle), interstitial-intracavitary VA, and intracavitary RTA with this same patient case. Plans were optimized for each fraction to maintain coverage to HR-CTV. Results: Interstitial-intracavitary SRA achieved the following combined coverage for external radiation and brachytherapy (EQD2): D90 HR-CTV =94.6Gy; Bladder-2cc =88.9Gy; Rectum-2cc =65.1Gy; Sigmoid-2cc =48.9Gy; Left vaginal wall (VW) =103Gy, Right VW =99.2Gy. Interstitial-intracavitary VA was able to achieve identical D90 HR-CTV =94.6Gy, yet Bladder-2cc =91.9Gy (exceeding GEC-ESTRO recommendations of 2cc<90Gy) and Left VW =120.8Gy and Right VW =115.5Gy. Neither the SRA nor VA without interstitial needle could cover HR-CTV adequately without exceeding dose to Bladder-2cc. Conventional RTA was unable to achieve target coverage for the HR-CTV >80Gy without severely

Characterization of Novel Thin-Films and Structures for Integrated Circuit and Photovoltaic Applications

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Zhao

Thin films have been widely used in various applications. This research focuses on the characterization of novel thin films in the integrated circuits and photovoltaic techniques. The ion implanted layer in silicon can be treated as ion implanted thin film, which plays an essential role in the integrated circuits fabrication. Novel rapid annealing methods, i.e. microwave annealing and laser annealing, are conducted to activate ion dopants and repair the damages, and then are compared with the conventional rapid thermal annealing (RTA). In terms of As+ and P+ implanted Si, the electrical and structural characterization confirms that the microwave and laser annealing can achieve more efficient dopant activation and recrystallization than conventional RTA. The efficient dopant activation in microwave annealing is attributed to ion hopping under microwave field, while the liquid phase growth in laser annealing provides its efficient dopant activation. The characterization of dopants diffusion shows no visible diffusion after microwave annealing, some extent of end range of diffusion after RTA, and significant dopant diffusion after laser annealing. For photovoltaic applications, an indium-free novel three-layer thin-film structure (transparent composited electrode (TCE)) is demonstrated as a promising transparent conductive electrode for solar cells. The characterization of TCE mainly focuses on its optical and electrical properties. Transfer matrix method for optical transmittance calculation is validated and proved to be a desirable method for predicting transmittance of TCE containing continuous metal layer, and can estimate the trend of transmittance as the layer thickness changes. TiO2/Ag/TiO2 (TAgT) electrode for organic solar cells (OSCs) is then designed using numerical simulation and shows much higher Haacke figure of merit than indium tin oxide (ITO). In addition, TAgT based OSC shows better performance than ITO based OSC when compatible hole transfer layer

(133-IJBCS-Article-Dr Dué)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

RHUMSIKI

P o rtio n d u tu b e d ig e s tif. A ctiv ité. (U. I/m g de pro té in e). A c tiv ité in v e rta s iq u e. A c tiv ité b e ta g lu c o s id a s iq u e. A c tiv ité a lp h a g lu c o s id a s ...

Supervisory Control of Multiple Uninhabited Systems - Methodologies and Enabling Human-Robot Interface Technologies (Commande et surveillance de multiples systemes sans pilote - Methodologies et technologies habilitantes d’interfaces homme-machine)

Science.gov (United States)

2012-12-01

FRANCE 6.1 DATES SMAART (2006 – 2008) and SUSIE (2009 – 2011). 6.2 LOCATION Brest – Nancy – Paris (France). 6.3 SCENARIO/TASKS The setting...Agency (RTA), a dedicated staff with its headquarters in Neuilly, near Paris , France. In order to facilitate contacts with the military users and...Mission Delay for the Helicopter 8-12 Table 8-2 Assistant Interventions and Commander’s Reactions 8-13 Table 10-1 Partial LOA Matrix as Originally

EFFET DE LA TEMPERATURE ET DE L'HUMIDITE RELATIVE SUR ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AISA

L'infection artificielle des criquets par le champignon a été réalisée au laboratoire ... de l'insecte et continue au-delà de 24 h à 25 °C et à 100 % d'humidité relative. ..... Jours après infestation. M o rta lité. (%). 17 °C. 20 °C. 25 °C. 30 °C. 17 °C té ..... species complex (Zygomycetes : ... with potassium hydroxide, sulphuric acid,.

Slovensko Sredozemlje in trajnostni razvoj

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mitja Bricelj

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Regionalni pristop temelji na upoštevanju fizičnih, družbenih ter ekonomskih značilnosti pokrajine kar je osnova za celovito načrtovanje razvoja. Primer Slovensko Sredozemlje in trajnostni ravoj kaže pristop vključevanja javnosti v priprave načrta upravljanja z obalo. Ta proces narekuje iskanje novih oblik posredovanja ključnih vsebin zainteresiranim javnostim kar terja tudi njihovo dejavno opredelitev do različnih.

Reconstrucción de canto interno y pared lateral nasal con colgajo zigomático de mejilla Reconstructing soft tissue defects at the medial canthus and sidewalls of the nose with cheek zygomatic flap

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. de Abullarade

2009-06-01

Full Text Available En la reconstrucción del canto interno palpebral y de la pared lateral nasal es importante la continuidad del color, de la textura y del grosor del tejido que vamos a reemplazar. El colgajo zigomático de mejilla es un colgajo de patrón axial que, cuando se diseña adecuadamente, puede seguir los contornos naturales de la cara, como el pliegue nasolabial y el borde del párpado inferior, logrando un reemplazo casi exacto de la calidad de la piel existente y con una reparación realizada en un solo tiempo quirúrgico.In it's important to keep the continuity of colour, texture and thickness of the tissue in a reconstructed nose. The zigomatic cheek flap is an axial pattern flap that, when is properly designed, can follow the natural existing contour lines such as the nasolabial fold and the lower eyelid border. It gets an almost exactly replacement of matching skin quality, in one surgical stage.

Da-Cruz Triple Tool: cómo hacer simple y precisa la cirugía de implante glúteo intramuscular

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Da-Cruz

Full Text Available El Da-Cruz Triple Tool es un instrumento multifuncional diseñado para la colocación de implantes glúteos intramusculares. Tiene 3 funciones; a saber: disector, separador y medidor. Consiste en 2 piezas para su uso articulado o por separado. Como disector logra la profundidad y el grosor deseables del músculo glúteo mayor a través de maniobras precisas que provocan menos trauma; por consiguiente, ayuda a obtener una mejor recuperación y resultados. Al mismo tiempo faculta para elevar los espacios abiertos y controlar adherencias o sangrados. La función de medidor permite calcular la dimensión cefalocaudal y la anchura del espacio para escoger el implante adecuado. Con el entrenamiento adecuado en el uso de esta herramienta y la implementación de medidas pre, trans y postoperatorias bien definidas, cualquier cirujano plástico puede obtener resultados consistentemente exitosos en la colocación de implantes glúteos intramusculares.

Safety prediction technique for nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Henry, C.D. III; Anderson, R.T.

1985-01-01

This paper presents a safety prediction technique (SPT) developed by Reliability Technology Associates (RTA) for nuclear power plants. It is based on a technique applied by RTA to assess the flight safety of US Air Force aircraft. The purpose of SPT is to provide a computerized technique for objective measurement of the effect on nuclear plant safety of component failure or procedural, software, or human error. A quantification is determined, called criticality, which is proportional to the probability that a given component or procedural-human action will cause the plant to operate in a hazardous mode. A hazardous mode is characterized by the fact that there has been a failure/error and the plant, its operating crew, and the public are exposed to danger. Whether the event results in an accident, an incident, or merely the exposure to danger is dependent on the skill and reaction of the operating crew as well as external influences. There are three major uses of SPT: (a) to predict unsafe situations so that corrective action can be taken before accidents occur, (b) to quantify the impact of equipment malfunction or procedural, software, or human error on safety and thereby establish priorities for proposed modifications, and (c) to provide a means of evaluating proposed changes for their impact on safety prior to implementation and to provide a method of tracking implemented changes

Early Cretaceous greenhouse pumped higher taxa diversification in spiders.

Science.gov (United States)

Shao, Lili; Li, Shuqiang

2018-05-24

The Cretaceous experienced one of the most remarkable greenhouse periods in geological history. During this time, ecosystem reorganizations significantly impacted the diversification of many groups of organisms. The rise of angiosperms marked a major biome turnover. Notwithstanding, relatively little remains known about how the Cretaceous global ecosystem impacted the evolution of spiders, which constitute one of the most abundant groups of predators. Herein, we evaluate the transcriptomes of 91 taxa representing more than half of the spider families. We add 23 newly sequenced taxa to the existing database to obtain a robust phylogenomic assessment. Phylogenetic reconstructions using different datasets and methods obtain novel placements of some groups, especially in the Synspermiata and the group having a retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA). Molecular analyses indicate an expansion of the RTA clade at the Early Cretaceous with a hunting predatory strategy shift. Fossil analyses show a 7-fold increase of diversification rate at the same period, but this likely owes to the first occurrences spider in amber deposits. Additional analyses of fossil abundance show an accumulation of spider lineages in the Early Cretaceous. We speculate that the establishment of a warm greenhouse climate pumped the diversification of spiders, in particular among webless forms tracking the abundance of insect prey. Our study offers a new pathway for future investigations of spider phylogeny and diversification. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Sequential multiple-step europium ion implantation and annealing of GaN

KAUST Repository

Miranda, S. M C; Edwards, Paul R.; O'Donnell, Kevin Peter; Boćkowski, Michał X.; Alves, Eduardo Jorge; Roqan, Iman S.; Vantomme, André ; Lorenz, Katharina

2014-01-01

Sequential multiple Eu ion implantations at low fluence (1×1013 cm-2 at 300 keV) and subsequent rapid thermal annealing (RTA) steps (30 s at 1000 °C or 1100 °C) were performed on high quality nominally undoped GaN films grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) and medium quality GaN:Mg grown by hydride vapour phase epitaxy (HVPE). Compared to samples implanted in a single step, multiple implantation/annealing shows only marginal structural improvement for the MOCVD samples, but a significant improvement of crystal quality and optical activation of Eu was achieved in the HVPE films. This improvement is attributed to the lower crystalline quality of the starting material, which probably enhances the diffusion of defects and acts to facilitate the annealing of implantation damage and the effective incorporation of the Eu ions in the crystal structure. Optical activation of Eu3+ ions in the HVPE samples was further improved by high temperature and high pressure annealing (HTHP) up to 1400 °C. After HTHP annealing the main room temperature cathodo- and photoluminescence line in Mg-doped samples lies at ∼ 619 nm, characteristic of a known Mg-related Eu3+ centre, while after RTA treatment the dominant line lies at ∼ 622 nm, typical for undoped GaN:Eu. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Sequential multiple-step europium ion implantation and annealing of GaN

KAUST Repository

Miranda, S. M C

2014-01-20

Sequential multiple Eu ion implantations at low fluence (1×1013 cm-2 at 300 keV) and subsequent rapid thermal annealing (RTA) steps (30 s at 1000 °C or 1100 °C) were performed on high quality nominally undoped GaN films grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) and medium quality GaN:Mg grown by hydride vapour phase epitaxy (HVPE). Compared to samples implanted in a single step, multiple implantation/annealing shows only marginal structural improvement for the MOCVD samples, but a significant improvement of crystal quality and optical activation of Eu was achieved in the HVPE films. This improvement is attributed to the lower crystalline quality of the starting material, which probably enhances the diffusion of defects and acts to facilitate the annealing of implantation damage and the effective incorporation of the Eu ions in the crystal structure. Optical activation of Eu3+ ions in the HVPE samples was further improved by high temperature and high pressure annealing (HTHP) up to 1400 °C. After HTHP annealing the main room temperature cathodo- and photoluminescence line in Mg-doped samples lies at ∼ 619 nm, characteristic of a known Mg-related Eu3+ centre, while after RTA treatment the dominant line lies at ∼ 622 nm, typical for undoped GaN:Eu. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Novel low-temperature processing of low noise SDDs with on-detector electronics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sonsky, J.; Koornneef, R.; Huizenga, J.; Hollander, R.W.; Nanver, L.K.; Scholtes, T.; Roozeboom, F.; Eijk, C.W.E. van

2004-01-01

We have developed a fabrication process (SMART700 deg. process) for monolithic integration of p-channel JFETs and silicon detectors. Processing steps of the SMART700 deg. do not exceed 700 deg. C. The integrated p-JFET has a minimum gate length of 1 μm. A relatively large width can be chosen to achieve a reasonable transconductance, while the JFET capacitance still matches the small capacitance of a detector. The feedback capacitor was also realized on-chip as a double-metal capacitor. In this paper we describe DC and noise characteristics of a silicon drift detector (SDD) with a p-JFET (W/L=100/1) and a feedback capacitor integrated in the read-out anode (smart-SDD). The device has a transconductance of 1-3 mS, a top gate capacitance of ∼140 fF and a low leakage current ( 2 at room temperature). The smart-SDD with an active area of 3.8 mm 2 has reached an energy resolution of ∼50 rms electrons at a temperature of 213 K. This relatively poor energy resolution is due to generation-recombination noise caused by defects produced by a deep n-implantation. Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and excimer laser annealing (ELA) techniques are experimented to remove the implantation damage. The noise of p-JFETs annealed with RTA and ELA is also presented

Моделирование технологических процессов субмикронной электроники для систем проектирования интегральных схем

OpenAIRE

Комаров, Ф. Ф.; Комаров, А. Ф.; Миронов, А. М.; Заяц, Г. М.; Макаревич, Ю. В.; Мискевич, С. А.

2011-01-01

Software for the simulation of low-energy implantation of dopant atoms in silicon structures and postimplantation rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of these structures have been developed. Software is integrated into the ATHENA simulation system, developed by Silvaco Inc., which made possible usage of our simulation results in the pass-through simulation of microelectronics technologies and devices, in particular, to simulate the electrical characteristics of submicron MOSFETs. = Разработан прогр...

Robotovo pojasnjevanje svojih odločitev

OpenAIRE

Cvetkov, Martin

2017-01-01

Eden izmed ciljev umetne intelegence je razvoj robotov, ki so sposobni ustvarjati načrte in delovati samostojno, kot ljudje. Cilj tega magistrskega dela je zagotoviti robotsko roko s šestimi prostostnimi stopnjami, ki je sposobna manipulirati s predmeti z uporabo inverzne kinematike ter samostojno planirati reševanje danih nalog. Hkrati, med izvajanjem načrta, robot pojasni vsako svojo odločitev oz. akcijo, ki jo izvede. Motiv za to magistrsko delo je to, da pogosto vidimo, kako robot...

Measurement of the thickness of a target deposited in a substrate; Medicion del grosor de un blanco depositado en un substrato

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martinez Q, E.; Aguilera, E.F

1990-12-15

Being based on the Elastic scattering and in the Energy losses that suffer a projectile to the interacting with the matter, a method that allows to determine the thickness of a target deposited in a more heavy substrate is presented. The obtained results are consistent with that waited and the derived errors of the method are small. The used technique allows to reduce in considerable form the systematic errors coming from the calibration of the equipment. It is considered that this method is applicable in an interval of thickness quite wide and for many materials since it is only necessary to choose the projectile type and the energy of the same one appropriately. (Author)

Nonintrusive Diagnostic Strategies for Arcjet Stream Characterization

Science.gov (United States)

2000-04-01

lowpassfiltr. Te aco hinationd of8-0 .3o no M chromaitor sa rta ...... ecdeutcrium lamp’"._• 94 nom Fiber 4- ugt ap Fig. 8. Experimental setup for electrode e...and C. Park, "Stagnation Point Heat lish the validity of this hypothesis, but the spatially Transfer Rate in Nitrogen Plasma Flows: Theory 3B-35 and...R. Loudon, The Quantum Theory of Light, 2nd Ed., Seattle, WA, June, (1990). Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 344-347, (1986). 40. W. J. Marinelli, W. J

Physiologie et Physiopathologie du transport de chlore dans le canal collecteur rénal : caractérisation d’un modèle murin d’Acidose tubulaire rénale distale et Étude des mécanismes de régulation du canal ClC-Kb/Barttin

OpenAIRE

Serbin , Bettina

2016-01-01

Kidney plays a major role in several biological fonctions as sodium balance or acid-base homeostasis. Chloride transport in the distal nephron is a key element of these two processes. During my thesis, i have worked on two projects related to physiology and pathophysiology of chloride transport in distal nephron. The first study is the functionnal and molecular characterization of a mouse model bearing the most common dominant dRTA mutation in human AE1, R589H, which corresponds to R607H in t...

Načrtovanje vodnogospodarskih ureditev s programskim orodjem Autodesk CIVIL 3D

OpenAIRE

Lubej, Gorazd

2016-01-01

Diplomsko delo je sestavljeno iz samih osnov vodnogospodarskih ureditev ter primerjave načrtovanja s programskim orodjem AutoCAD 2015 z vmesnikom/vtičnikom Aquaterra in programskim orodjem Autodesk Civil 3D. Cilj je predstavitev dela oziroma postopka dela z obema programskima orodjema, da se dobi vpogled v potek dela z enim in drugim programom. Ugotovljeno je, da je za časovno omejeno pripravo načrtov (kratki rok izdelave načrta) primernejša uporaba programskega orodja AutoCAD 2015 z vmesniko...

Susac syndrome: the first case report in Peru

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carolina Rivadeneira-Sotelo

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Resumen El síndrome de Susac es una entidad rara, caracterizada por la triada clásica de encefalopatía subaguda, oclusión de la arteria retiniana e hipoacusia neurosensorial. Es más frecuente en mujeres, la edad de inicio fluctúa entre los nueve y los 58 años de edad. La patogénesis se plantea como un cuadro microangiopático a nivel cerebral, retiniano y coclear asociado a un mecanismo autoinmune. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 31 años de edad que inició con cefalea holocraneana, conducta pueril, bradilalia y somnolencia. En la angiografía con fluoresceína de retina presentó en la evolución un déficit auditivo y obstrucción arterial de la rama temporal retiniana derecha. La resonancia magnética cerebral mostró lesiones redondeadas hiperintensas en el cuerpo calloso, región periventricular y cerebelo. Se reporta el primer caso de síndrome de Susac definido en Perú, el que se manifestó con la triada clásica, que es de presentación poco frecuente. Sin embargo, también los casos que muestran formas incompletas deben ser evaluados oportunamente para iniciar un tratamiento oportuno y evitar secuelas irreversibles.

A longitudinal follow-up of posttraumatic stress: from 9 months to 20 years after a major road traffic accident

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rydelius Per-Anders

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Although road traffic accidents (RTA are a major cause of injury and a cause of posttraumatic stress (PTS in the aftermath, little is known about the long-term psychological effects of RTA. Methods This prospective longitudinal study assessed long-term PTS, grief, and general mental health after a bus carrying 23 sixth-grade schoolchildren crashed on a school outing and 12 children died. Directly affected (i.e., children in the crash and indirectly affected children (i.e., all pupils in the sixth grade who were not in the crash were surveyed at 9 months (N = 102, 4 years (N = 51, and 20 years (N = 40 after the event. Psychological distress was assessed by single items, including sadness, avoidance, intrusions, and guilt. After 20 years, PTS was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Results Stress reactions were prevalent 9 months after the event, with sadness (69% and avoidance (59% being highly represented in both directly and indirectly affected groups, whereas, nightmares (60% and feelings of guilt (50% were only frequent in those directly affected. The frequency of sadness and avoidance decreased after 4 years in the indirectly exposed (ps p = .003, but not decreased general mental health (p = .14, than those indirectly affected. Conclusions The limitations preclude assertive conclusions. Nonetheless, the findings corroborate previous studies reporting traumatic events are associated with long-term PTS, but not with decreased general mental health.

Structure of RiVax: a recombinant ricin vaccine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Legler, Patricia M.; Brey, Robert N.; Smallshaw, Joan E.; Vitetta, Ellen S.; Millard, Charles B.

2011-01-01

The X-ray crystal structure (at 2.1 Å resolution) of an immunogen under development as part of a ricin vaccine for humans is presented and structure-based analysis of the results was conducted with respect to related proteins and the known determinants for inducing or suppressing the protective immune response. RiVax is a recombinant protein that is currently under clinical development as part of a human vaccine to protect against ricin poisoning. RiVax includes ricin A-chain (RTA) residues 1–267 with two intentional amino-acid substitutions, V76M and Y80A, aimed at reducing toxicity. Here, the crystal structure of RiVax was solved to 2.1 Å resolution and it was shown that it is superposable with that of the ricin toxin A-chain from Ricinus communis with a root-mean-square deviation of 0.6 Å over 258 C α atoms. The RiVax structure is also compared with the recently determined structure of another potential ricin-vaccine immunogen, RTA 1–33/44–198 R48C/T77C. Finally, the locations and solvent-exposure of two toxin-neutralizing B-cell epitopes were examined and it was found that these epitopes are within or near regions predicted to be involved in catalysis. The results demonstrate the composition of the RiVax clinical material and will guide ongoing protein-engineering strategies to develop improved immunogens

Structural stability of hydrogenated amorphous carbon overcoats used in heat-assisted magnetic recording investigated by rapid thermal annealing

KAUST Repository

Wang, N.; Komvopoulos, K.; Rose, F.; Marchon, B.

2013-01-01

Ultrathin amorphous carbon (a-C) films are extensively used as protective overcoats of magnetic recording media. Increasing demands for even higher storage densities have necessitated the development of new storage technologies, such as heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), which uses laser-assisted heating to record data on high-stability media that can store single bits in extremely small areas (∼1 Tbit/in.2). Because HAMR relies on locally changing the coercivity of the magnetic medium by raising the temperature above the Curie temperature for data to be stored by the magnetic write field, it raises a concern about the structural stability of the ultrathin a-C film. In this study, rapid thermal annealing (RTA) experiments were performed to examine the thermal stability of ultrathin hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Structural changes in the a-C:H films caused by RTA were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray reflectivity, and conductive atomic force microscopy. The results show that the films exhibit thermal stability up to a maximum temperature in the range of 400-450 °C. Heating above this critical temperature leads to hydrogen depletion and sp 2 clustering. The critical temperature determined by the results of this study represents an upper bound of the temperature rise due to laser heating in HAMR hard-disk drives and the Curie temperature of magnetic materials used in HAMR hard disks. © 2013 American Institute of Physics.

Is the contribution of alcohol to fatal traumatic brain injuries being underestimated in the acute hospital setting?

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

O'Toole, O

2011-04-05

Alcohol consumption in Ireland has nearly doubled during the period 1989-2001. To evaluate the relationship of alcohol to fatal head injuries in the acute hospital setting we created a data base of all fatal traumatic brain injuries in the Department of Neuropathology at Beaumont Hospital over a ten year period (1997-2006 inclusive). 498 cases were identified (351 males: 147 females). Fatalities were highest in males aged 19-25 years (N=101) and 51-70 years (N=109). Falls (N=210) and road traffic accidents (N=183) were the commonest modes of presentation. 36\\/210 (17%) falls had positive blood alcohol testing, 9\\/210 (4.3%) had documentation of alcohol in notes but no testing, 35\\/210 (16.7%) tested negative for alcohol and 130\\/210 (61.9%) were not tested. The RTA group (N=183) comprised drivers (n=79), passengers (n=47) and pedestrians (n=57). 65\\/79 (82.2%) of drivers were males aged 19-25 years. Blood alcohol was only available in 27\\/79 (34.1%) drivers and was positive in 13\\/27 (48.1%). 14\\/75 (18.7%) pedestrians were tested for alcohol, 4\\/14 (28.6%) were positive. Overall 142\\/183 (77.6%) of the RTA group were not tested. The contribution of alcohol to fatal traumatic brain injuries is probably being underestimated due to omission of blood alcohol concentration testing on admission to hospital. Absence of national guidelines on blood alcohol testing in the emergency department compounds the problem.

Profile of injury cases admitted to a tertiary level hospital in south India.

Science.gov (United States)

Uthkarsh, Pallavi Sarji; Suryanarayana, S P; Gautham, M S; Shivraj, N S; Murthy, N S; Pruthvish, S

2012-01-01

Injuries now rank among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality the world over. Injuries are steadily increasing in developing countries like India. Systematic and scientific efforts in injury prevention and control are yet to begin in India. Data on injuries are very essential to plan preventive and control measures. The objective of this study is to know the profile of the injury cases admitted to M S Ramaiah hospital, Bangalore, India, using a cross-sectional study design for six months, i.e. from Oct 2008 to April 2009. The mean age of the study population was 35.3 years (SD = 15.38), 69.1% were injured in road traffic accidents (RTA), 28.7% due to falls and 2.2% due to burns. Nearly 14.4% were under the influence of alcohol. Nearly 73.6% of RTA cases were two-wheeler users, 48.5% had not followed sign boards and 56.5% had not obeyed the one-way rules, 63.5% of the two-wheeler users did not use helmets. Also, 38% of two wheelers had two pillion riders, whereas 57% of four-wheeler users had not used a seat belt. Among falls, 58% occurred at home, 49% occurred due to slippery surface. Road traffic accidents were the most common cause for injuries, in which two wheelers were most commonly involved. Strict enforcement of traffic rules and education on road safety are very essential to prevent injuries.

Stepping into the dark: mourning in Astrid Lindgren’s The brothers Lionheart1

OpenAIRE

Richards, Alan

2011-01-01

Astrid Lindgren’s juvenile novel, Bröderna Lejonhjärta (1973), has enchanted me since I first read it while studying at the University of Alberta. In part, I write this essay to uncover why this story haunts me. More importantly, however, I wonder what young readers of the twenty-first century in Canada, where I live, and in North America generally, might make of this modern fairy tale and its parallel worlds of Lindgren’s childhood Sweden and an imaginary realm of adventure, Nangiyala. How m...

Renal rickets-practical approach

Science.gov (United States)

Sahay, Manisha; Sahay, Rakesh

2013-01-01

Rickets/osteomalacia is an important problem in a tropical country. Many cases are due to poor vitamin D intake or calcium deficient diets and can be corrected by administration of calcium and vitamin D. However, some cases are refractory to vitamin D therapy and are related to renal defects. These include rickets of renal tubular acidosis (RTA), hypophosphatemic rickets, and vitamin D dependent rickets (VDDR). The latter is due to impaired action of 1α-hydroxylase in renal tubule. These varieties need proper diagnosis and specific treatment. PMID:24251212

A CFD Case Study of a Fan Stage with Split Flow Path Subject to Total Pressure Distortion Inflow

Science.gov (United States)

To, Wai-Ming

2017-01-01

This report is the documentation of the work performed under the Hypersonic Project of the NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program. It was funded through Task Number NNC10E444T under GESS-2 Contract NNC06BA07B. The objective of the task is to develop advanced computational tools for the simulation of multi-stage turbomachinery in support of aeropropulsion. This includes work elements in extending the TURBO code and validating the multi-stage URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes) simulation results with the experimental data. The unsteady CFD (Computation Fluid Dynamics) calculations were performed in full wheel mode with and without screen generated total pressure distortion at the computational inflow boundary, as well as in single passage phase lag mode for uniform inflow. The experimental data were provided by NASA from the single stage RTA (Revolutionary Turbine Accelerator) fan test program.Significant non-uniform flow condition at the fan-face of the aeropropulsion system is frequentlyencountered in many of the advanced aerospace vehicles. These propulsion systems can be eithera podded or an embedded design employed in HWB (Hybrid Wing Body) airframe concept. It isalso a topic of interest in military applications, in which advanced air vehicles have already deployedsome form of embedded propulsion systems in their design because of the requirementsof compact and low observable inlets. Even in the conventional airframe/engine design, the fancould operate under such condition when the air vehicle is undergoing rapid maneuvering action.It is believed that a better understanding of the fan’s aerodynamic and aeromechanical responseto this type of operating condition or off design operation would be beneficial to designing distortiontolerant blades for improved engine operability.The objective for this research is to assess the capability of turbomachinery code as an analysistool in understanding the effects and evaluating the impact of flow distortion

Importancia del control de las dimensiones de la madera aserrada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. Álvarez-Lazo

2004-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo brindar algunas consideraciones para elevar los niveles de rendimiento de madera de Pinus caribaea var. caribaea mediante el uso de una estrategia para incrementar la calidad dimensional de la madera aserrada a partir del análisis de las dimensiones promedio obtenidas y la variación de corte en el aserrío. Para lo cual se construye un programa denominado “Control” que permite determinar las dimensiones óptimas de aserrío así como la determinación de la variación en grosor. Se observa que en los aserraderos existe un subdimensionamiento generalizado fundamentalmente en los surtidos 50, 75, 100 mm; así como una excesiva variación de aserrío. Para eliminar estas deficiencias es necesario que las acciones correctivas estén dirigidas fundamentalmente a aquellas partes de máquinas responsables de la variación de aserrado controlando los esquemas de corte seleccionados por el aserrador.

Time analysis of fatal traffic accidents in Fars Province of Iran

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Heydari Seyed Taghi

2013-04-01

Full Text Available 【Abstract】 Objective: To analyze the time factor in road traffic accidents (RTAs in Fars Province of Iran. Methods: This study was conducted in Fars Province, Iran from November 22, 2009 to November 21, 2011. Victims’ information consisted of age, sex, death toll involving dri-vers or passengers of cars, motorcycles and pedestrians, and site of injury etc. Accidents were analyzed in relation to hour of the day, season of the year, lighting condition in-cluding sunrise, sunset, daytime and nighttime. Results: A total of 3 642 deaths (78.3% were males, and the ratio of males to females was about 3.6:1 were studied regarding their autopsy records. There was a steady in-crease in fatal accidents occurring at midnight to 15:59. The risk of being involved in a fatal traffic accident was higher for those injured between 4:00 to 7:59 than at other times (OR=2.13, 95% CI 1.85-2.44. The greatest number of fatal RTAs took place in summer. Mortalities due to RTA during spring and summer were more pronounced at 20:00 to 23:59 and midnight to 3:59, whereas mortalities in fall and winter were more pronounced from 12:00 to 15:59. Conclusion: The high mortality rate of RTA is a major public health problem in Fars Province. Our results indicate that the time is an important factor which contributes to road traffic deaths. Key words: Accidents, traffic; Epidemiology; Mortality; Iran

Adaptor protein 1 B mu subunit does not contribute to the recycling of kAE1 protein in polarized renal epithelial cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Almomani, Ensaf Y; Touret, Nicolas; Cordat, Emmanuelle

2018-04-13

Mutations in the gene encoding the kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1) can lead to distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). dRTA mutations reported within the carboxyl (C)-terminal tail of kAE1 result in apical mis-targeting of the exchanger in polarized renal epithelial cells. As kAE1 physically interacts with the μ subunit of epithelial adaptor protein 1 B (AP-1B), we investigated the role of heterologously expressed μ1B subunit of the AP-1B complex for kAE1 retention to the basolateral membrane in polarized porcine LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells that are devoid of endogenous AP-1B. We confirmed the interaction and close proximity between kAE1 and μ1B using immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay, respectively. Expressing the human μ1B subunit in these cells decreased significantly the amount of cell surface kAE1 at the steady state, but had no significant effect on kAE1 recycling and endocytosis. We show that (i) heterologous expression of μ1B displaces the physical interaction of endogenous GAPDH with kAE1 WT supporting that both AP-1B and GAPDH proteins bind to an overlapping site on kAE1 and (ii) phosphorylation of tyrosine 904 within the potential YDEV interaction motif does not alter the kAE1/AP-1B interaction. We conclude that μ1B subunit is not involved in recycling of kAE1.

Road traffic accidents in children: the ‘what’, ‘how’ and ‘why’

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Yue Yen; Fang, Eric; Weng, Yanyi; Ganapathy, Sashikumar

2018-01-01

INTRODUCTION Road traffic accidents (RTAs) in Singapore involving children were evaluated, with particular focus on the epidemiology, surrounding circumstances and outcomes of these accidents. Key factors associated with worse prognosis were identified. We proposed some measures that may be implemented to reduce the frequency and severity of such accidents. METHODS This was a retrospective study of RTAs involving children aged 0–16 years who presented to the Children’s Emergency at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, from January 2011 to June 2014. Data was obtained from the National Trauma Registry and analysed in tiers based on the Injury Severity Score (ISS). RESULTS A total of 1,243 accidents were reviewed. RTA victims included motor vehicle passengers (60.4%), pedestrians (28.5%), cyclists (9.9%) and motorcycle pillion riders (1.2%). The disposition of emergency department (ED) patients was consistent with RTA severity. For serious RTAs, pedestrians accounted for 63.6% and 57.7% of Tier 1 (ISS > 15) and Tier 2 (ISS 9–15) presentations, respectively. Overall use of restraints was worryingly low (36.7%). Not restraining increased the risk of serious RTAs by 8.4 times. Young age, high ISS and low Glasgow Coma Scale score predicted a longer duration of intensive care unit stay. CONCLUSION The importance of restraints for motor vehicle passengers or helmets for motorcycle pillion riders and cyclists in reducing morbidity requires emphasis. Suggestions for future prevention and intervention include road safety education, regulation of protective restraints, use of speed enforcement devices and creation of transport policies that minimise kerbside parking. PMID:29214322

Effects of partial hepatectomy on the distal ileum in rats Estudio de las repercusiones en el íleon distal de la resección hepática parcial en la rata

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. B. Rodríguez Sanz

2004-03-01

control. El grosor de la vellosidad desciende significativamente (p<0,01 al igual que la profundidad de la cripta que descendió significativamente respecto al grupo control (p<0,001. Conclusiones: la hepatectomía parcial del 70% produce cambios tróficos en el íleon distal que se mantiene a corto y largo plazo, ocasionando una atrofia de la pared y una disminución del grosor de las vellosidades.

The thermal performance of earth buildings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Heathcote, K.

2011-09-01

Full Text Available This paper examines the theoretical basis for the thermal performance of earth walls and links it to some test results on buildings constructed by the author, and to their predicted performance using a sophisticated computer modelling program. The analysis shows that for all earth walls the steady state thermal resistance is low but that for walls greater than about 450 mm thick the cyclic thermal resistance is high and increases exponentially. Whilst the steady state resistance of all thickness walls is low and results in higher than normal average temperatures in summer and lower than normal in winter the ability of thick earth walls to even out the swings in temperature is thought to be responsible for the materials reputation. The paper notes that good passive design principles (such as providing internal thermal mass and large areas of glazing for winter performance will greatly improve the performance of earth buildings with thin walls, but it is the author’s opinion that external earth walls should be at least 450 mm thick to gain the full benefit of thermal mass.

Este artículo examina la base teórica del comportamiento térmico de las paredes de tierra y la relaciona con varios resultados de test realizados sobre edificios construidos por el autor, y con su comportamiento previsto utilizando un sofisticado programa de modelado por ordenador. El análisis muestra que la resistencia térmica constante es baja para todas las paredes de tierra, pero que para muros con un grosor mayor que 450 mm la resistencia térmica cíclica es alta y se incrementa exponencialmente. Mientras que la resistencia térmica constante de las paredes de cualquier grosor es baja y se traduce en temperaturas más altas que la media en verano y más bajas que la media en invierno, la capacidad de las paredes gruesas de tierra para amortiguar las variaciones de temperatura es la responsable de la reputación de los materiales. El artículo señala que los

Improved electrical conduction properties in unintentionally-doped ZnO thin films treated by rapid thermal annealing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Youngmin; Lee, Choeun; Shim, Eunhee; Jung, Eiwhan; Lee, Jinyong; Kim, Deukyoung; Lee, Sejoon; Fu, Dejun; Yoon, Hyungdo

2011-01-01

The effects of thermal treatments on the electrical conduction properties for the unintentionally doped ZnO thin films were investigated. Despite the decreased carrier density in the annealed ZnO thin films, the conductivity was increased because the contribution of the effective carrier mobility to the conductivity of the unintentionally-doped ZnO thin films is greater than that of the carrier density. The resistivity exponentially decreased with increasing RTA temperature, and this result was confirmed to come from the enhanced effective carrier-mobility, which originated from the increased crystallite size in the annealed ZnO thin films.

Improved electrical conduction properties in unintentionally-doped ZnO thin films treated by rapid thermal annealing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Youngmin; Lee, Choeun; Shim, Eunhee; Jung, Eiwhan; Lee, Jinyong; Kim, Deukyoung; Lee, Sejoon [Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Fu, Dejun [Wuhan University, Wuhan (China); Yoon, Hyungdo [Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam (Korea, Republic of)

2011-10-15

The effects of thermal treatments on the electrical conduction properties for the unintentionally doped ZnO thin films were investigated. Despite the decreased carrier density in the annealed ZnO thin films, the conductivity was increased because the contribution of the effective carrier mobility to the conductivity of the unintentionally-doped ZnO thin films is greater than that of the carrier density. The resistivity exponentially decreased with increasing RTA temperature, and this result was confirmed to come from the enhanced effective carrier-mobility, which originated from the increased crystallite size in the annealed ZnO thin films.

Reliable 6 PEP LTPS device for AMOLED's

Science.gov (United States)

Chou, Cheng-Wei; Wang, Pei-Yun; Hu, Chin-Wei; Chang, York; Chuang, Ching-Sang; Lin, Yusin

2013-09-01

This study presents a TFT structure which has less photo process and higher cost competitiveness in AMOLED display markets. A novel LTPS based 6 masks TFT structure for bottom emission AMOLED display is demonstrated in this paper. High field effect mobility (PMOS < 80 cm2/Vs ) and high reliability (PBTS △Vth< 0.02V @ 50oC VG=15V 10ks) was accomplished without the high temperature and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) activation process. Furthermore, a 14-inch AMOLED TV was achieved on the proposed 6-pep TFT backplane using the Gen. 3.5 mass production factory.

Si diffusion in compositional disordering of Si-implanted GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices induced by rapid thermal annealing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uematsu, Masashi; Yanagawa, Fumihiko

1988-01-01

The Si diffusion in Si-implanted GaAs/Al 0.5 Ga 0.5 As superlattices intermixed in the disrodering process induced by rapid thermal annealing (RTA), is investigated by means of secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The SIMS profiles indicate that no fast Si diffusion occurs during the disordering, and the disordering occurs when the Si concentration exceeds 1 x 10 19 cm -3 , which is about three times larger than the threshold value for the disordering by furnace annealing (FA). The number of Si atoms which are allowed to pass through the heterointerface is considered to be essential for disordering. (author)

Mutations of amino acids in the DNA-recognition domain of Epstein-Barr virus ZEBRA protein alter its sub-nuclear localization and affect formation of replication compartments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Richard; Heston, Lee; Shedd, Duane; Delecluse, Henri-Jacques; Miller, George

2008-01-01

ZEBRA, a transcription factor and DNA replication protein encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BZLF1 gene, plays indispensable roles in the EBV lytic cycle. We recently described the phenotypes of 46 single amino acid substitutions introduced into the DNA-recognition region of ZEBRA [Heston, L., El-Guindy, A., Countryman, J., Dela Cruz, C., Delecluse, H.J., and Miller, G. 2006]. The 27 DNA-binding-proficient mutants exhibited distinct defects in their ability to activate expression of the kinetic classes of viral genes. Four phenotypic variants could be discerned: wild-type, defective at activating Rta, defective at activating early genes, and defective at activating late genes. Here we analyze the distribution of ZEBRA within the nucleus and the localization of EA-D (the viral DNA polymerase processivity factor), an indicator of the development of replication compartments, in representatives of each phenotypic group. Plasmids encoding wild-type (WT) and mutant ZEBRA were transfected into 293 cells containing EBV-bacmids. WT ZEBRA protein was diffusely and smoothly distributed throughout the nucleus, sparing nucleoli, and partially recruited to globular replication compartments. EA-D induced by WT ZEBRA was present diffusely in some cells and concentrated in globular replication compartments in other cells. The distribution of ZEBRA and EA-D proteins was identical to WT following transfection of K188R, a mutant with a conservative change. The distribution of S186A mutant ZEBRA protein, defective for activation of Rta and EA-D, was identical to WT, except that the mutant ZEBRA was never found in globular compartments. Co-expression of Rta with S186A mutant rescued diffuse EA-D but not globular replication compartments. The most striking observation was that several mutant ZEBRA proteins defective in activating EA-D (R179A, K181A and A185V) and defective in activating lytic viral DNA replication and late genes (Y180E and K188A) were localized to numerous punctate

Modelling the Turbocharger Cut Off Application Due to Slow Steaming Operation 12RTA96C-B Engine

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Karsten Wehner

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Out of the total operational costs of a ship, fuel costs account for by far the highest proportion. In view of the global economic situation and the rising oil prices, shipowners and charterers are looking for solutions to cut costs by reducing fuel consumption. Low load operation, also well-known as “slow steaming”, represents the currently most effective and popular measure to cut fuel costs and, in consequence, the total operational costs for increased competitiveness in the market. Low load operation is possible and there is an increasing trend to operate in these very low engine load ranges. As the engines were not designed for this operational condition, various retrofit modifications to the engine can compensate for this. By using low load operation, the reduction of the RPM gives problems when sailing at low speed.  A turbocharger (TC compresses inlet air to a high pressure and after cooling this compressed air it results in higher mass of air in the cylinder. But when running at a low power load this air reaches temperatures that are too low for an optimal combustion process. One of the solution comes from the company Wärtsilä. They install so called “low steam engine kits”. When this kit is installed it allows the engine operators to cut off one turbocharger of the engine, this result’s in a higher RPM for the operating turbochargers. When the remaining TC’s have a higher RPM their efficiency improves and gives the engine more air for combustion.The goal of this Bachelor thesis is to make a calculation modelling and prove that by switching off one or more turbocharger on the system will improve the efficiency in slow steaming operation. Beside that, this thesis is aims to estimated the performance of the engine in both operation condition.

Morphological and functional diversity of minor ampullate glands in spiders from the superfamily Amaurobioidea (Entelegynae: RTA clade)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Řezáč, M.; Krejčí, T.; Goodacre, S.L.; Haddad, C. R.; Řezáčová, Veronika

2017-01-01

Roč. 45, č. 2 (2017), s. 198-208 ISSN 0161-8202 Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : Cribellate capturing threads * major ampullate * silk glands Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology OBOR OECD: Microbiology Impact factor: 0.988, year: 2016

Estudo eletrorretinográfico de visão cromática Electroretinographic study of chromatic vision

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Daniela Cavalcanti Ferrara de Almeida Cunha

2006-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o traçado eletrorretinográfico no gambá sul-americano (Didelphis aurita obtido com estímulo cromático de comprimento de onda seletivo. O eletrorretinograma é o registro das variações de voltagem nas células retinianas, desencadeadas por estímulo luminoso. O eletrorretinograma representa a atividade elétrica combinada de diferentes células, e sofre variações dependendo da fisiologia retiniana e do método de exame. MÉTODOS: Foram registrados os eletrorretinogramas de seis animais em adaptação ao escuro utilizando filtros cromáticos Kodak Wratten®, e registrada a sensibilidade espectral para comprimentos de onda específicos nas faixas de cores do azul, verde, amarelo, laranja e vermelho. RESULTADOS: Os resultados eletrorretinográficos mais consistentes foram obtidos quando o animal foi estimulado por faixas espectrais seletivas, ao invés de luz branca; e são consistentes com a curva de absorbância das opsinas descritas em fotorreceptores de marsupiais. Estudos prévios sugeriram a tricromacia dos marsupiais por microespectrofotometria de opsinas e imuno-histoquímica de retina. Esse fundamento morfológico não tinha demonstração fisiológica eletrorretinográfica, até este estudo. CONCLUSÃO: O gambá sul-americano tem se mostrado interessante como animal experimental no estudo comparativo da fisiologia visual em mamíferos, especialmente no estudo filogenético da visão cromática. Os marsupiais apresentam um modelo retiniano que superpõe os sistemas fotópico e escotópico; e o gênero Didelphis conserva características encontradas em fósseis do período pleoceno. Portanto, o sistema visual de um marsupial resgata características dos primórdios da evolução dos mamíferos, até o desenvolvimento dos padrões retinianos modernos.PURPOSE: To describe the electroretinogram of the South-American opossum (Didelphis aurita obtained by chromatic stimulus of specific

Clinical and biochemical spectrum of hypokalemic paralysis in North: East India

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Ashok K Kayal

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Acute hypokalemic paralysis, characterized by acute flaccid paralysis is primarily a calcium channelopathy, but secondary causes like renal tubular acidosis (RTA, thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP, primary hyperaldosteronism, Gitelman′s syndrome are also frequent. Objective: To study the etiology, varied presentations, and outcome after therapy of patients with hypokalemic paralysis. Materials And Methods: All patients who presented with acute flaccid paralysis with hypokalemia from October 2009 to September 2011 were included in the study. A detailed physical examination and laboratory tests including serum electrolytes, serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK, urine analysis, arterial blood gas analysis, thyroid hormones estimation, and electrocardiogram were carried out. Patients were further investigated for any secondary causes and treated with potassium supplementation. Result: The study included 56 patients aged 15-92 years (mean 36.76 ± 13.72, including 15 female patients. Twenty-four patients had hypokalemic paralysis due to secondary cause, which included 4 with distal RTA, 4 with Gitelman syndrome, 3 with TPP, 2 each with hypothyroidism, gastroenteritis, and Liddle′s syndrome, 1 primary hyperaldosteronism, 3 with alcoholism, and 1 with dengue fever. Two female patients were antinuclear antibody-positive. Eleven patient had atypical presentation (neck muscle weakness in 4, bladder involvement in 3, 1 each with finger drop and foot drop, tetany in 1, and calf hypertrophy in 1, and 2 patient had respiratory paralysis. Five patients had positive family history of similar illness. All patients improved dramatically with potassium supplementation. Conclusion: A high percentage (42.9% of secondary cause for hypokalemic paralysis warrants that the underlying cause must be adequately addressed to prevent the persistence or recurrence of paralysis.

Role of Firing Temperature, Sheet Resistance, and Contact Area in Contact Formation on Screen-Printed Metal Contact of Silicon Solar Cell

Science.gov (United States)

Ahmad, Samir Mahmmod; Leong, Cheow Siu; Sopian, K.; Zaidi, Saleem H.

2018-03-01

Formation of an Ohmic contact requires a suitable firing temperature, appropriate doping profile, and contact dimensions within resolution limits of the screen-printing process. In this study, the role of the peak firing temperature in standard rapid thermal annealing (RTA) six-zone conveyor belt furnace (CBF) and two inexpensive alternate RTA systems [a custom-designed, three-zone, 5″-diameter quartz tube furnace (QTF) and a tabletop, 3″-diameter rapid thermal processing (RTP)] has been investigated. In addition, the role of sheet resistance and contact area in achieving low-resistance ohmic contacts has been examined. Electrical measurements of ohmic contacts between silver paste/ n +-emitter layer with varying sheet resistances and aluminum paste/ p-doped wafer were carried out in transmission line method configuration. Experimental measurements of the contact resistivity ( ρ c) exhibited the lowest values for CBF at 0.14 mΩ cm2 for Ag and 100 mΩ cm2 for Al at a peak firing temperature of 870°C. For the QTF configuration, lowest measured contact resistivities were 3.1 mΩ cm2 for Ag and 74.1 mΩ cm2 for Al at a peak firing temperature of 925°C. Finally, for the RTP configuration, lowest measured contact resistivities were 1.2 mΩ cm2 for Ag and 68.5 mΩ cm2 for Al at a peak firing temperature of 780°C. The measured contact resistivity exhibits strong linear dependence on sheet resistance. The contact resistivity for Ag decreases with contact area, while for Al the opposite behavior is observed.

Influence of thermal treatment in N{sub 2} atmosphere on chemical, microstructural and optical properties of indium tin oxide and nitrogen doped indium tin oxide rf-sputtered thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stroescu, H.; Anastasescu, M.; Preda, S.; Nicolescu, M.; Stoica, M. [Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of the Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Stefan, N. [National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Atomistilor 409, RO-77125, Bucharest-Magurele (Romania); Kampylafka, V.; Aperathitis, E. [FORTH-IESL, Crete (Greece); Modreanu, M. [Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork (Ireland); Zaharescu, M. [Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of the Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Gartner, M., E-mail: mgartner@icf.ro [Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of the Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest (Romania)

2013-08-31

We report the influence of the normal thermal treatment (TT) and of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the microstructural, optical and electrical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) and nitrogen doped indium tin oxide (ITO:N) thin films. The TT was carried out for 1 h at 400 °C and the RTA for 1 min up to 400 °C, both in N{sub 2} atmosphere. The ITO and ITO:N films were deposited by reactive sputtering in Argon, and respectively Nitrogen plasma, on Si with (100) and (111) orientation. The present study brings data about the microstructural and optical properties of ITO thin films with thicknesses around 300–400 nm. Atomic Force Microscopy analysis showed the formation of continuous and homogeneous films, fully covered by quasi-spherical shaped particles, with higher roughness values on Si(100) as compared to Si(111). Spectroscopic ellipsometry allowed the determination of film thickness, optical band gap as well as of the dispersion curves of n and k optical constants. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of diffraction peaks corresponding to the same nominal bulk composition of ITO, but with different intensities and preferential orientation depending on the substrate, atmosphere of deposition and type of thermal treatment. - Highlights: ► Stability of the films can be monitored by experimental ellipsometric spectra. ► The refractive index of indium tin oxide film on 0.3–30 μm range is reported. ► Si(100) substrate induces rougher film surfaces than Si(111). ► Rapid thermal annealing and normal thermal treatment lead to stable conductive film. ► The samples have a higher preferential orientation after rapid thermal annealing.

Efecto de distintas concentraciones de sacarosa en la conservación in vitro de coco (cocos nuciferas L.

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Misterbino Borges García

2008-07-01

-1. A los 6 meses de cultivo se determinó el porcentaje de germinación, y a los 18 meses las siguientes variables: los porcentajes de supervivencia y enraizamiento, el número de hojas, la longitud y el grosor del vástago de las plántulas mantenidas in vitro. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado con análisis de varianza de clasificación simple y prueba de comparación múltiple de medias de Tukey. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la incorporación de 60 g/l-1 de sacarosa en el medio Eeuwens es la más adecuada para la conservación de los recursos genéticos de coco (Cocos nucifera L en condiciones in vitro a partir de embriones cigóticos, donde se muestran los más altos porcentajes de supervivencia y el mayor vigor de las plántulas a los 18 meses de cultivo. Palabras clave: cultivo de tejidos; embriones cigóticos; recursos genéticos; Genetic resources; plant tissue culture; zygotic embryo.

Thickness calculation software of the thermal insulation in facilities using thermal solar energy; Software para el calculo de espesores del aislante termico en instalaciones de aprovechamiento de energia solar termica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Portillo Jimenez, Canek [Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa, Culiacan, Sinaloa (Mexico)]. E-mail: cnk@uas.uasnet.mx

2010-11-15

It is presented a software application for calculating the thickness of the thermal insulation used in various facilities where there are thermal systems using solar energy. The software facilitates the calculation of the thermal cover thickness over components such as pipes (flat or round), storage and other devices that require thermal protection, installed in outdoors or indoors. The software was programmed in Visual Basic by following the technical specifications of the current regulations in the field. Application examples are performed, obtaining certain results that are discussed briefly. [Spanish] Se presenta un software de aplicacion para el calculo de los espesores de los aislantes termicos, utilizados en diferentes instalaciones donde existen sistemas de aprovechamiento termico de energia solar. El software facilita el calculo del grosor del recubrimiento termico en componentes tales como: tuberias (planas o circulares), depositos acumuladores y otros aparatos que necesiten proteccion termica, instalados en exteriores o en interiores. El software fue programado en Visual Basic siguiendo las especificaciones tecnicas de la normatividad vigente en la materia. Se realizan ejemplos de aplicacion, donde se obtienen ciertos resultados de los cuales se hace una breve discusion.

CAMBIOS FÍSICOS Y BIOQUÍMICOS DURANTE EL DESARROLLO Y SENESCENCIA DE FRUTOS DE RAMBUTÁN (Nephelium lappaceum L.

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Juan Francisco Caballero-Pérez

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar los cambios físicos y bioquímicos durante el crecimiento, desarrollo y etapa postcosecha de los frutos de rambután de tres selecciones sobresalientes de Tuxtla Chico, Chiapas (RI-148, RI-115 y RI-104. Después de antesis se realizaron evaluaciones físicas y químicas en el crecimiento de los frutos y a la cosecha se evaluaron las características de calidad durante seis días a 22 ± 1 ºC y humedad relativa de 65 %. Los resultados mostraron un patrón de crecimiento simple sigmoidal. Durante el desarrollo los frutos de las selecciones RI-148 y RI-115 tuvieron un peso fresco de 39.27 y 35.42 g y un contenido de arilo a la cosecha de 44.28 y 40.90 %, respectivamente, mientras que los del RI-104 fueron de menor tamaño (18.51 g, pero con mayor grosor de pericarpio, mostrando menor susceptibilidad a la oxidación. El número y longitud de espiternos del fruto no parecen determinar el grado de obscurecimiento de éste.

Estudio fraccional densométrico de la mena laterítica: evaluación del enriquecimiento

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Alberto Hernández-Flores

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Se realizó el análisis fraccional al intervalo granulométrico -2,0+0,074mm de una muestra del yacimiento Punta Gorda, atendiendo a las propiedades físicas de diámetro y densidad de las partículas. Mediante la combinación del análisis de cribado y de la separación de las fracciones de densidad con el empleo de diferentes medios densos se obtiene la función bidimensional de distribución, por el grosor o diámetro y por la densidad, y a través del análisis químico se determina la función experimental. Se realiza la evaluación del beneficio con el empleo del modelo Teoría de separación y se obtienen los parámetros tecnológicos. Como resultado fundamental se logra un concentrado con la separación de la mayor cantidad del magnesio y aluminio de 94,89% y 91,15%, respectivamente. Esto permite pronosticar un mejoramiento en la calidad y estabilidad de la mena de alimentación al proceso extractivo y diversificar el uso del recursos.

Fascians funktion och olika fysioterapeutiska interventioners effekt på fascian

OpenAIRE

Hackman, Mikaela

2017-01-01

Fasciabehandlingar är ett relativt nytt område inom fysioterapin, även om intresse för ämnet funnits redan under antikens tid. Forskningsmetoderna har i dag blivit bättre och vi kan undersöka vävnader som varit omöjliga att undersöka tidigare, på grund av tek-nikbrist. Syftet med det här arbetet är att ta reda på vad forskningen idag kommit fram till i fråga om fascia, ffa då det handlar om smärta, och hur fysioterapeuten kan ha nytta av kunskapen vid behandling av klienter. Den första forskn...

Investigation of GaN LED with Be-implanted Mg-doped GaN layer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang, H.-W.; Kao, C.C.; Chu, J.T.; Kuo, H.C.; Wang, S.C.; Yu, C.C.; Lin, C.F.

2004-01-01

We report the electrical and optical characteristics of GaN light emitting diode (LED) with beryllium (Be) implanted Mg-doped GaN layer. The p-type layer of Be-implanted GaN LED showed a higher hole carrier concentration of 2.3 x 10 18 cm -3 and low specific contact resistance value of 2.0 x 10 -4 Ωcm 2 than as-grown p-GaN LED samples without Be-implantation. The Be-implanted GaN LEDs with InGaN/GaN MQW show slightly lower light output (about 10%) than the as-grown GaN LEDs, caused by the high RTA temperature annealing process

AGRI-FOOD TRADE - A PATH TO AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF MOLDOVA

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Liliana CIMPOIES

2013-01-01

Full Text Available In this study we try to assess the progress in the development of the agricultural sector of Moldova. As indicator of the successful/unsuccessful development of the agri-food sector may serve the foreign trade activity. Thus, in the given research is analyzed the changes in the agri-food trade structure during 2007-2011, the competitiveness of the agricultural sector and the pattern trade flows. For this aim was computed Gruber-Lloyd index for evaluating the intra-industrial trade in this period, and RTA index for inter industrial trade. As well, some policy measures necessary for further integration will be discussed.

Effects of Form Perception and Meaning on the Visual Evoked Potential with Author’s Update

Science.gov (United States)

2009-09-01

their averages during different stimulus presentations were "essentially the same." Use of homa - tropine and an artificial pupil prevented pupillary and...a 6 MNA. Am...... Ir FT AWR, RWA, ATR and RTA, while for subject JI they resulted from AWR, RWA, TPI and ITP. Components of the composite VERs will be...LS-LO 2 24 27 28 a--i i ir . t 4 -- 10 12 16 LPLO 5 0.2 9 P-L 19 0.1 28 5 3 2 5,T-LT S-LS 10 0.23 0.14 T .2 - 2 16, 23 8 16 129 Vm.i3 P-LP 0 +-4--4

CZECHOSLOVAK FOOTPRINTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS OF THERMOMETRY, CALORIMETRY AND THERMAL ANALYSIS

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Pavel Holba

2012-07-01

Full Text Available A short history on the development of thermometric methods are reviewed accentuating the role of Rudolf Bárta in underpinning special thermoanalytical conferences and new journal Silikáty in fifties as well as Vladimir Šatava mentioning his duty in the creation of the Czech school on thermoanalytical kinetics. This review surveys the innovative papers dealing with thermal analysis and the related fields (e.g. calorimetry, kinetics which have been published by noteworthy postwar Czechoslovak scholars and scientists and by their disciples in 1950-1980. Itemized 227 references with titles show rich scientific productivity revealing that many of them were ahead of time even at international connotation.

ANALIZA OGLAŠEVALSKE KAMPANJE THE COG

OpenAIRE

Hojnik, Samo

2016-01-01

Diplomsko delo »Analiza oglaševalske kampanje The Cog« preko teoretičnih marketinških modelov in načrta oglaševalske kampanje analizira oglaševalsko kampanjo »The Cog«, naročnika Honda, ki je bila izbrana za najboljšo v avtomobilski industriji za britansko tržišče. Osredotoča se na pomen ustvarjalnosti v oglaševanju in njenem vplivu na uspeh in učinkovitost oglaševalske kampanje. Analiza kampanje pokaže, da je obravnavana kampanja zajela v teoretičnem delu predvidene elemente uspešne oglaševa...

"Mu vend mu õde ja mina põgeneme Valguskoonused kalduvad ..." = "Min bror min syster och jag flyr Ljuskäglor välter över vägkanten ..." : [luuletused] / Catharina Gripenberg ; tlk. Juta-Tiia Mägi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Gripenberg, Catharina

2004-01-01

Sisu: "Mu vend mu õde ja mina põgeneme Valguskoonused kalduvad ..." = "Min bror min syster och jag flyr Ljuskäglor välter över vägkanten ..."; "Tean, et kajad vastavad, aga väga lühidalt. Valad sa välja oma ..." = "Vet att ekon svarar, men i all korthet. Gjuter du ut ditt hjärta ..."; "Kirjasõber, ma otsin välja jääkraabitsa ..." = "Brevvän, jag lagrar upp med fönsterskapare ..."; "Säravselge hommik. Linnupojad trügivad välja kolbast ..." = "Det var en glasklar morgon. Fågelungarna knuffas från skallen ..."; Armastuskiri = Kärleksbrev

X-ray metrology for ULSI structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bowen, D. K.; Matney, K. M.; Wormington, M.

1998-01-01

Non-destructive X-ray metrological methods are discussed for application to both process development and process control of ULSI structures. X-ray methods can (a) detect the unacceptable levels of internal defects generated by RTA processes in large wafers, (b) accurately measure the thickness and roughness of layers between 1 and 1000 nm thick and (c) can monitor parameters such as crystallographic texture and the roughness of buried interfaces. In this paper we review transmission X-ray topography, thin film texture measurement, grazing-incidence X-ray reflectivity and high-resolution X-ray diffraction. We discuss in particular their suitability as on-line sensors for process control

Circle of Willis variation in a complex stroke presentation: a case report

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Young Carolyn A

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The impact of circle of Willis anatomical variation upon the presentation of stroke is probably underrecognised. Case presentation A 63-year-old right-handed woman developed a left hemiparesis and right leg weakness sequentially following a road traffic accident (RTA. Despite initial concern about the possibility of cervical spinal cord injury, the final diagnosis was bilateral artery-to-artery embolic cerebral infarction with dominant right internal carotid artery. Conclusion The case illustrates the complex presentation of stroke as a pseudo-cervical cord lesion and the impact of circle of Willis anatomical variation upon the expression of large vessel cerebrovascular disease.

Research to Action: an evaluation.

Science.gov (United States)

Murphy, Gail Tomblin; Alder, Rob; MacKenzie, Adrian; Cook, Amanda; Maddalena, Victor

2012-03-01

The evaluation of the Research to Action project was conducted using an Outcome Mapping (OM) methodology (Earl et al. 2001) with a mixed-methods, repeat survey (before/after) study design. This design uses concurrent measurement of process and outcome indicators at baseline and follow-up. The RTA project proved effective at improving work environments and thereby promoting the retention and recruitment of nurses. Nurses involved in the RTA initiatives had a higher perception of leadership and support in their units, improved job satisfaction, increased empowerment and occupational commitment, and a greater intention to stay on the job.The pilot projects were most successful when there were clearly stated objectives, buy-in from nurses, support from the steering committee and management, and adequate communication among stakeholders. Committed coordination and leadership, both locally and nationally, were central to success.Considerable evidence has documented the challenges facing Canada's nursing human resources and their workplaces, such as high levels of turnover, excessive use of overtime and persistent shortages. There is a growing imperative to translate this research into action, and much of the available evidence presents viable policy alternatives for consideration. For example, a recent national synthesis report (Maddalena and Crupi 2008) recommended that, in consultation with stakeholders, processes should be put in place to share knowledge and best practices in nursing management, practice, staffing models and innovations in workplace health and well-being.Nurses across the country report a desire to be more involved in decisions affecting them and their patients (Wortsman and Janowitz 2006). A recent study on the shortage of registered nurses in Canada (Tomblin Murphy et al. 2009) highlighted the need for collaboration among governments, employers, unions and other stakeholders to improve working conditions for nurses. Another report notes the

Stratus optical coherence tomography findings in patients with retinopathy of prematurity Tomografia de coerência óptica em pacientes com retinopatia da prematuridade

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Aline do Lago

2007-02-01

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To describe morphological features of the macula in patients with retinopathy of prematurity. METHODS: Twelve premature babies with retinopathy of prematurity grades I, II and III underwent dilated fundus examination and optical coherence tomography evaluation. RESULTS: In all thirteen eyes of the twelve premature patients optical coherence tomography revealed a condensed retinal pigmented epithelial layer in the macular-foveal area shown by increased reflectivity. In these eyes the retinal layers were not well differentiated. Foveal depression was clearly evident in 23%. CONCLUSIONS: In premature patients with retinopathy of prematurity, optical coherence tomography revealed poorly differentiated layers in the macular region with increased reflectivity in retinal pigmented epithelial-choriocapillaris zone.OBJETIVO: Descrever os aspectos morfológicos da mácula em pacientes com retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP. MÉTODOS: Doze pacientes com retinopatia da prematuridade graus I, II and III foram submetidos a mapeamento de retina e avaliação por tomografia de coerência óptica. RESULTADOS: Em todos os treze olhos de 12 pacientes a tomografia de coerência óptica mostrou a camada do epitélio pigmentar hiperrefletiva, sendo a área macular com maior intensidade. Nesses olhos as camadas da retina não estavam totalmente diferenciadas. A depressão foveal ficou claramente evidente pela tomografia de coerência óptica em 23%. CONCLUSÃO: Nos pacientes prematuros com retinopatia da prematuridade, a tomografia de coerência óptica mostrou as camadas da retina pouco diferenciadas com aumento da refletividade na área macular do complexo epitélio retiniano pigmentar-coriocapilar.

Optimization of a plasma immersion ion implantation process for shallow junctions in silicon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ray, Ashok; Nori, Rajashree; Bhatt, Piyush; Lodha, Saurabh; Pinto, Richard, E-mail: rpinto@ee.iitb.ac.in; Rao, Valipe Ramgopal [Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076 (India); Jomard, François; Neumann-Spallart, Michael [Groupe d' Étude de la Matière Condensée, C.N.R.S./Université de Versailles-St.Quentin, 45, Avenue des États-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex (France)

2014-11-01

A plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) process has been developed for realizing shallow doping profiles of phosphorus and boron in silicon using an in-house built dual chamber cluster tool. High Si etch rates observed in a 5% PH{sub 3} in H{sub 2} plasma have been ascribed to high concentration of H(α) radicals. Therefore, subsequent work was carried out with 5% PH{sub 3} in He, leading to much smaller etch rates. By optical emission spectroscopy, the radical species H(α), PH*{sub 2}, and PH* have been identified. The concentration of all three species increased with pressure. Also, ion concentrations increased with pressure as evidenced by Langmuir data, with a maximum occurring at 0.12 mbar. The duty cycle of pulsed DC bias has a significant bearing on both the implantation and the etching process as it controls the leakage of positive charge collected at the surface of the silicon wafer during pulse on-time generated primarily due to secondary electron emission. The P implant process was optimized for a duty cycle of 10% or less at a pressure of 0.12 mbar with implant times as low as 30 s. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy showed a P dopant depth of 145 nm after rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 950 °C for 5 s, resulting in a sheet resistance of 77 Ω/◻. Si n{sup +}/p diodes fabricated with phosphorus implantation using optimized PIII and RTA conditions exhibit J{sub on}/J{sub off} > 10{sup 6} with an ideality factor of nearly 1.2. Using similar conditions, shallow doping profiles of B in silicon have also been realized.

Modified cytoplasmic Ca2+ sequestration contributes to spinal cord injury-induced augmentation of nerve-evoked contractions in the rat tail artery.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hussain Al Dera

Full Text Available In rat tail artery (RTA, spinal cord injury (SCI increases nerve-evoked contractions and the contribution of L-type Ca2+ channels to these responses. In RTAs from unoperated rats, these channels play a minor role in contractions and Bay K8644 (L-type channel agonist mimics the effects of SCI. Here we investigated the mechanisms underlying the facilitatory actions of SCI and Bay K8644 on nerve-evoked contractions of RTAs and the hypothesis that Ca2+ entering via L-type Ca2+ channels is rapidly sequestered by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR limiting its role in contraction. In situ electrochemical detection of noradrenaline was used to assess if Bay K8644 increased noradrenaline release. Perforated patch recordings were used to assess if SCI changed the Ca2+ current recorded in RTA myocytes. Wire myography was used to assess if SCI modified the effects of Bay K8644 and of interrupting SR Ca2+ uptake on nerve-evoked contractions. Bay K8644 did not change noradrenaline-induced oxidation currents. Neither the size nor gating of Ca2+ currents differed between myocytes from sham-operated (control and SCI rats. Bay K8644 increased nerve-evoked contractions in RTAs from both control and SCI rats, but the magnitude of this effect was reduced by SCI. By contrast, depleting SR Ca2+ stores with ryanodine or cyclopiazonic acid selectively increased nerve-evoked contractions in control RTAs. Cyclopiazonic acid also selectively increased the blockade of these responses by nifedipine (L-type channel blocker in control RTAs, whereas ryanodine increased the blockade produced by nifedipine in both groups of RTAs. These findings suggest that Ca2+ entering via L-type channels is normally rapidly sequestered limiting its access to the contractile mechanism. Furthermore, the findings suggest SCI reduces the role of this mechanism.

JPSS-1 VIIRS Pre-Launch Response Versus Scan Angle Testing and Performance

Science.gov (United States)

Moyer, David; McIntire, Jeff; Oudrari, Hassan; McCarthy, James; Xiong, Xiaoxiong; De Luccia, Frank

2016-01-01

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instruments on-board both the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) and the first Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS-1) spacecraft, with launch dates of October 2011 and December 2016 respectively, are cross-track scanners with an angular swath of +/-56.06 deg. A four-mirror Rotating Telescope Assembly (RTA) is used for scanning combined with a Half Angle Mirror (HAM) that directs light exiting from the RTA into the aft-optics. It has 14 Reflective Solar Bands (RSBs), seven Thermal Emissive Bands (TEBs) and a panchromatic Day Night Band (DNB). There are three internal calibration targets, the Solar Diffuser, the BlackBody and the Space View, that have fixed scan angles within the internal cavity of VIIRS. VIIRS has calibration requirements of 2% on RSB reflectance and as tight as 0.4% on TEB radiance that requires the sensor's gain change across the scan or Response Versus Scan angle (RVS) to be well quantified. A flow down of the top level calibration requirements put constraints on the characterization of the RVS to 0.2%-0.3% but there are no specified limitations on the magnitude of response change across scan. The RVS change across scan angle can vary significantly between bands with the RSBs having smaller changes of approximately 2% and some TEBs having approximately 10% variation. Within aband, the RVS has both detector and HAM side dependencies that vary across scan. Errors in the RVS characterization will contribute to image banding and striping artifacts if their magnitudes are above the noise level of the detectors. The RVS was characterized pre-launch for both S-NPP and JPSS-1 VIIRS and a comparison of the RVS curves between these two sensors will be discussed.

Defining the “proven technology” technical criterion in the reactor technology assessment for Malaysia’s nuclear power program

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anuar, Nuraslinda, E-mail: nuraslinda@uniten.edu.my [College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor (Malaysia); Kahar, Wan Shakirah Wan Abdul, E-mail: shakirah@tnb.com.my; Manan, Jamal Abdul Nasir Abd [Nuclear Energy Department, Regulatory Economics and Planning Division, Tenaga Nasional Berhad, No. 8 Jalan Tun Sambanthan, Brickfields, 50470 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)

2015-04-29

Developing countries that are considering the deployment of nuclear power plants (NPPs) in the near future need to perform reactor technology assessment (RTA) in order to select the most suitable reactor design. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reported in the Common User Considerations (CUC) document that “proven technology” is one of the most important technical criteria for newcomer countries in performing the RTA. The qualitative description of five desired features for “proven technology” is relatively broad and only provides a general guideline to its characterization. This paper proposes a methodology to define the “proven technology” term according to a specific country’s requirements using a three-stage evaluation process. The first evaluation stage screens the available technologies in the market against a predefined minimum Technology Readiness Level (TRL) derived as a condition based on national needs and policy objectives. The result is a list of technology options, which are then assessed in the second evaluation stage against quantitative definitions of CUC desired features for proven technology. The potential technology candidates produced from this evaluation is further narrowed down to obtain a list of proven technology candidates by assessing them against selected risk criteria and the established maximum allowable total score using a scoring matrix. The outcome of this methodology is the proven technology candidates selected using an accurate definition of “proven technology” that fulfills the policy objectives, national needs and risk, and country-specific CUC desired features of the country that performs this assessment. A simplified assessment for Malaysia is carried out to demonstrate and suggest the use of the proposed methodology. In this exercise, ABWR, AP1000, APR1400 and EPR designs assumed the top-ranks of proven technology candidates according to Malaysia’s definition of “proven technology”.

Defining the “proven technology” technical criterion in the reactor technology assessment for Malaysia’s nuclear power program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anuar, Nuraslinda; Kahar, Wan Shakirah Wan Abdul; Manan, Jamal Abdul Nasir Abd

2015-01-01

Developing countries that are considering the deployment of nuclear power plants (NPPs) in the near future need to perform reactor technology assessment (RTA) in order to select the most suitable reactor design. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reported in the Common User Considerations (CUC) document that “proven technology” is one of the most important technical criteria for newcomer countries in performing the RTA. The qualitative description of five desired features for “proven technology” is relatively broad and only provides a general guideline to its characterization. This paper proposes a methodology to define the “proven technology” term according to a specific country’s requirements using a three-stage evaluation process. The first evaluation stage screens the available technologies in the market against a predefined minimum Technology Readiness Level (TRL) derived as a condition based on national needs and policy objectives. The result is a list of technology options, which are then assessed in the second evaluation stage against quantitative definitions of CUC desired features for proven technology. The potential technology candidates produced from this evaluation is further narrowed down to obtain a list of proven technology candidates by assessing them against selected risk criteria and the established maximum allowable total score using a scoring matrix. The outcome of this methodology is the proven technology candidates selected using an accurate definition of “proven technology” that fulfills the policy objectives, national needs and risk, and country-specific CUC desired features of the country that performs this assessment. A simplified assessment for Malaysia is carried out to demonstrate and suggest the use of the proposed methodology. In this exercise, ABWR, AP1000, APR1400 and EPR designs assumed the top-ranks of proven technology candidates according to Malaysia’s definition of “proven technology”

Human kidney anion exchanger 1 interacts with kinesin family member 3B (KIF3B)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duangtum, Natapol [Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Office for Research and Development Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700 (Thailand); Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700 (Thailand); Junking, Mutita; Sawasdee, Nunghathai [Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Office for Research and Development Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700 (Thailand); Cheunsuchon, Boonyarit [Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700 (Thailand); Limjindaporn, Thawornchai, E-mail: limjindaporn@yahoo.com [Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700 (Thailand); Yenchitsomanus, Pa-thai, E-mail: grpye@mahidol.ac.th [Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Office for Research and Development Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700 (Thailand)

2011-09-16

Highlights: {yields} Impaired trafficking of kAE1 causes distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). {yields} The interaction between kAE1 and kinesin family member 3B (KIF3B) is reported. {yields} The co-localization between kAE and KIF3B was detected in human kidney tissues. {yields} A marked reduction of kAE1 on the cell membrane was observed when KIF3B was knockdown. {yields} KFI3B plays an important role in trafficking of kAE1 to the plasma membrane. -- Abstract: Impaired trafficking of human kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1) to the basolateral membrane of {alpha}-intercalated cells of the kidney collecting duct leads to the defect of the Cl{sup -}/HCO{sub 3}{sup -} exchange and the failure of proton (H{sup +}) secretion at the apical membrane of these cells, causing distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). In the sorting process, kAE1 interacts with AP-1 mu1A, a subunit of AP-1A adaptor complex. However, it is not known whether kAE1 interacts with motor proteins in its trafficking process to the plasma membrane or not. We report here that kAE1 interacts with kinesin family member 3B (KIF3B) in kidney cells and a dileucine motif at the carboxyl terminus of kAE1 contributes to this interaction. We have also demonstrated that kAE1 co-localizes with KIF3B in human kidney tissues and the suppression of endogenous KIF3B in HEK293T cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreases membrane localization of kAE1 but increases its intracellular accumulation. All results suggest that KIF3B is involved in the trafficking of kAE1 to the plasma membrane of human kidney {alpha}-intercalated cells.

Human kidney anion exchanger 1 interacts with kinesin family member 3B (KIF3B)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duangtum, Natapol; Junking, Mutita; Sawasdee, Nunghathai; Cheunsuchon, Boonyarit; Limjindaporn, Thawornchai; Yenchitsomanus, Pa-thai

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Impaired trafficking of kAE1 causes distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). → The interaction between kAE1 and kinesin family member 3B (KIF3B) is reported. → The co-localization between kAE and KIF3B was detected in human kidney tissues. → A marked reduction of kAE1 on the cell membrane was observed when KIF3B was knockdown. → KFI3B plays an important role in trafficking of kAE1 to the plasma membrane. -- Abstract: Impaired trafficking of human kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1) to the basolateral membrane of α-intercalated cells of the kidney collecting duct leads to the defect of the Cl - /HCO 3 - exchange and the failure of proton (H + ) secretion at the apical membrane of these cells, causing distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). In the sorting process, kAE1 interacts with AP-1 mu1A, a subunit of AP-1A adaptor complex. However, it is not known whether kAE1 interacts with motor proteins in its trafficking process to the plasma membrane or not. We report here that kAE1 interacts with kinesin family member 3B (KIF3B) in kidney cells and a dileucine motif at the carboxyl terminus of kAE1 contributes to this interaction. We have also demonstrated that kAE1 co-localizes with KIF3B in human kidney tissues and the suppression of endogenous KIF3B in HEK293T cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreases membrane localization of kAE1 but increases its intracellular accumulation. All results suggest that KIF3B is involved in the trafficking of kAE1 to the plasma membrane of human kidney α-intercalated cells.

PDT: special cases in front of legal regulations

Science.gov (United States)

Fischer, E.; Wegner, A.; Pfeiler, T.; Mertz, M.

2002-10-01

Introduction: The classic indication for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in ophthalmology is currently represented by classic subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). PDT is a method, which almost selectively causes endothelial damage in neovascular lesions, followed by vascular occlusion and involution of the CNV. The mechanistic aspect suggests that non AMD-related choroidal neovascularisations might also benefit from PDT. PDT in AMD: Within the German health system, PDT indications follow the criteria based on the inclusion criteria of the TAP studies. For instance the CNV should be predominantly classic and located under the center of the foveal avascular zone. In the diagnosis and follow-up of exudative AMD, visual acuity measurements and fluorescein angiography are the established parameters. Retinal thickness analyzer (RTA) measurements might give further information. Before PDT, they show a significant retinal thickening due to intra- and subretinal exudation. Following PDT, early RTA follow-ups show a clear decrease in retinal thickening accompanies by increasing or stable acuity. PDT in CNV of other origins than AMD: New studies support a new spectrum of indications for PDT, hopefully leading to general cost reimbursement for patients. PDT should be viewed as a general method for vascular occlusion and does not represent a causal therapy for progressive exudative AMD. We present patients with CNV due to pathologic myopia, angioid streaks and POHS. Conclusion: The selective vascular occlusion caused by PDT, besides CNV associated with AMD and pathologic myopia, may also allow the treatment of choroidal neovascularisations based on other entities. Careful individual evaluation of those cases is recommended. Despite this wide array of possible indications, cost reimbursement has been limited to classic subfoveal CNV in AMD, although single case reimbursements in choroidal neovascular lesions due to pathologic

Application of water footprint in a fertirrigated melon crop under semiarid conditions: A review.

Science.gov (United States)

Castellanos Serrano, María Teresa; Requejo Mariscal, María Isabel; Villena Gordo, Raquel; Cartagena Causapé, María Carmen; Arce Martínez, Augusto; Ribas Elcorobarrutia, Francisco; Jesús Cabello Cabello, María; María Tarquis Alfonso, Ana

2015-04-01

In recent times, there has been a major increase in the use of water and fertilizers in order to increase agricultural production, while at the same time there has increased evidence that aquifers are reducing their water level, enriched by nutrient and degraded as a result of pollution. So best management practices are needed for much of cropped, irrigated and fertirrigated land, to avoid contamination of fresh water and groundwater. The concept of "water footprint" (WF) was introduced as an indicator for the total volume of direct and indirect freshwater used, consumed and/or polluted [1]. The WF distinguishes between blue water (volume of surface and groundwater consumed), green water (rain-water consumed), and grey water (volume of freshwater that is required to assimilate the load of pollutants based on existing ambient water quality standards). This study is focused in calculating the crops WF using a real case of study in a fertirrigated melon crop under semiarid conditions which is principally cultivated in the centre of Spain declared vulnerable zone to nitrate pollution by applying the Directive 91/676/CEE. During successive years, a melon crop (Cucumis melo L.) was grown under field conditions applying mineral and organic fertilizers. Different doses of ammonium nitrate were used as well as compost derived from the wine-distillery industry which is relevant in this area. This application help us to review the different concepts in which is based WF. Acknowledgements: This project has been supported by INIA-RTA04-111-C3 and INIA-RTA2010-00110-C03-01. Keywords: Water footprint, nitrogen, fertirrigation, inorganic fertilizers, organic amendments, winery waste, semiarid conditions. [1] Hoekstra, A.Y. 2003. Virtual water trade. Proceedings of the International Expert Meeting on Virtual Water Trade, Delft, The Netherlands, 12-13 December 2002. Value of Water Research Report Series No. 12, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, The Netherlands.

Defining the "proven technology" technical criterion in the reactor technology assessment for Malaysia's nuclear power program

Science.gov (United States)

Anuar, Nuraslinda; Kahar, Wan Shakirah Wan Abdul; Manan, Jamal Abdul Nasir Abd

2015-04-01

Developing countries that are considering the deployment of nuclear power plants (NPPs) in the near future need to perform reactor technology assessment (RTA) in order to select the most suitable reactor design. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reported in the Common User Considerations (CUC) document that "proven technology" is one of the most important technical criteria for newcomer countries in performing the RTA. The qualitative description of five desired features for "proven technology" is relatively broad and only provides a general guideline to its characterization. This paper proposes a methodology to define the "proven technology" term according to a specific country's requirements using a three-stage evaluation process. The first evaluation stage screens the available technologies in the market against a predefined minimum Technology Readiness Level (TRL) derived as a condition based on national needs and policy objectives. The result is a list of technology options, which are then assessed in the second evaluation stage against quantitative definitions of CUC desired features for proven technology. The potential technology candidates produced from this evaluation is further narrowed down to obtain a list of proven technology candidates by assessing them against selected risk criteria and the established maximum allowable total score using a scoring matrix. The outcome of this methodology is the proven technology candidates selected using an accurate definition of "proven technology" that fulfills the policy objectives, national needs and risk, and country-specific CUC desired features of the country that performs this assessment. A simplified assessment for Malaysia is carried out to demonstrate and suggest the use of the proposed methodology. In this exercise, ABWR, AP1000, APR1400 and EPR designs assumed the top-ranks of proven technology candidates according to Malaysia's definition of "proven technology".

Severe abdominal injuries sustained in an adult wearing a pelvic seatbelt: a case report and review of the literature.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

O'Kelly, F

2008-12-01

In automobile accidents, the "seatbelt syndrome" (SBS) consists of a constellation of injuries, predominantly involving thoraco-lumbar vertebral fractures and intraabdominal organ injury. A recent amendment to Irish legislation has made the wearing of seatbelts mandatory for all rear seated passengers in an effort to protect children. Whilst rear seatbelts result in a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality following road traffic accidents (RTA), we present a case in which the rear lap seatbelt caused severe abdominal injuries. It is evident that the current rear seat lapbelt system is an inferior design associated with a significant morbidity and mortality when compared to three-point harness system and consideration should be given to replacing them in all motor vehicles.

Quantificação do fósforo disponível por extrações sucessivas com diferentes extratores em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico

OpenAIRE

Gatiboni, L. C.; Kaminski, J.; Rheinheimer, D. S.; Saggin, A.

2002-01-01

A determinação do fósforo potencialmente disponível por meio dos extratores químicos é dificultada em solos de carga variável, uma vez que existem diversos graus de energia de ligação com os colóides. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o número mínimo de extrações sucessivas necessárias para estimar o fósforo potencialmente disponível, com os métodos de Mehlich-1 e Mehlich-3 e resina de troca aniônica (RTA). Foram realizadas treze extrações sucessivas com os três métodos em amostras ...

Tacrolimus Aggravated Tube Feeding Syndrome with Acute Renal Failure in a Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipient

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. Kula

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Acute renal failure can be caused by calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs, due to arteriolopathy and altered tubular function. Within this context, we present the case of a 14-month-old liver transplant recipient who suffered an acute polyuric renal failure during a short episode of hypercaloric feeding. In our case, CNI-induced distal RTA led to nephrocalcinosis and therefore to secondary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. The diet with high renal solute load consequently resulted in an acute polyuric renal failure with severe hypernatremic dehydration. In conclusion, a hypercaloric diet in children with potentially impaired renal function due to therapy with CNIs requires precise calculation of the potential renal solute load and the associated fluid requirements.

Rapid Thermal annealing of silicon layers amorphized by ion implantation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hasenack, C.M.

1986-01-01

The recrystallization behavior and the supression mechanisms of the residual defects of silicon layers amorphized by ion implantation, were investigated. The samples were annealed with the aid of a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) system at temperature range from 850 to 1200 0 C, and annealing time up to 120 s. Random and aligned Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy were used to analyse the samples. Similarities in the recrystallization behavior for layers implanted with ions of the same chemical groups such as As or Sb; Ge, Sn or Pb, In or Ga, are observed. The results show that the effective supression of resisual defects of the recrystallired layers is vinculated to the redistribution of impurities via thermal diffusion. (author) [pt

Innovación en la reconstrucción del pabellón auricular disgenésico con tejido expandido e implante Innovation in congenital auricular anomaly reconstruction using expanded tissue and prosthetic material

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. Iwanyk

2007-06-01

Full Text Available En la reconstrucción de un pabellón auricular disgenésico se plantean, básicamente, dos desafíos, reproducir un esqueleto cartilaginoso auricular de forma, tamaño y proyección similar al pabellón auricular normal, y obtener piel suficiente que combine color, textura y grosor semejante a la circundante. Debido a la escasa cantidad de piel útil en esta localización y a la dificultad en el tallado del esqueleto cartilaginoso auricular, iniciamos en 2005 en nuestro Hospital la reconstrucción auricular mediante combinación de tejidos expandidos locales y materiales protésicos, logrando un excelente resultado de apariencia natural.Reconstruction of congenital auricular anomalies includes two essential challenges. The first one is to sculpt an auricular cartilaginous structure that matches the shape, size and projection of a standard ear. The second challenge arises from the scarcity of the usable skin in the area. Because of the difficulty of sculpting a proper cartilage framework and the scarce quantity of skin in the area, in 2005 we began in our hospital auricular reconstruction procedure combining tissue expanders and prosthetic materials achieving a natural appearance and an excellent result.

Comparación de la efectividad de ranibizumab intravítreo para el tratamiento del edema macular diabético en ojos vitrectomizados y no vitrectomizados.

Science.gov (United States)

Koyanagi, Yoshito; Yoshida, Shigeo; Kobayashi, Yoshiyuki; Kubo, Yuki; Yamaguchi, Muneo; Nakama, Takahito; Nakao, Shintaro; Ikeda, Yasuhiro; Ohshima, Yuji; Ishibashi, Tatsuro; Sonoda, Kohhei

2017-07-11

Objetivo: Comparar la efectividad de ranibizumab intravítreo (RIV) para el tratamiento del edema macular diabético (EMD) en ojos con y sin vitrectomía previa. Procedimientos: Evaluamos de manera prospectiva la mejor agudeza visual corregida (MAVC) y el grosor macular central (GMC) tras el tratamiento con RIV durante 6 meses. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias significativas en la MAVC o GMC inicial en ninguno de los dos grupos. En el grupo no vitrectomizado (n = 15), los cambios medios en la MAVC y GMC hasta el sexto mes de tratamiento con respecto al valor inicial resultaron significativos (p < 0,01). En el grupo vitrectomizado (n = 10), se observó una mejora más lenta, y la mejora media en la MAVC no resultó significativa (p = 0,5), aunque la media en la disminución del GMC sí que lo fue (p < 0,05). No se observaron diferencias significativas en los cambios medios en la MAVC y el GMC entre ambos grupos a los 6 meses del tratamiento. Conclusiones: La diferencia en la efectividad de RIV entre ambos grupos no resultó significativa. Ranibizumab intravítreo puede ser una opción de tratamiento incluso en pacientes vitrectomizados con EMD. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Observaciones morfohistológicas del testículo y espermatozoides de Microlophus peruvianus (Lesson, 1826 (Sauria:Tropiduridae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cesar Ramírez

2013-05-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo proporciona información morfohistológica de los testículos y espermatozoides de 5 individuos de la lagartija peruana Microlophus peruvianus (Lesson, 1826, procedentes de Huaral, Lima (11º 26´S; 77º24´W; colectados durante el mes de setiembre de 2005. El trabajo de campo se combinó con el análisis de laboratorio de las gónadas. La longitud promedio hocico-cloaca fue de 91,3mm ± 13,655, encontrándose todos los individuos con gran actividad meiótica en la línea espermatogénica con un grosor del epitelio germinativo de 126,33 mμ ± 0,092, lo que sugiere que el mes de colecta estaría dentro de su ciclo activo de reproducción. La línea espermatogénica presenta los tipos celulares típicos de la espermatogénesis: espermatogonias (3,544 mμ ± 0,4513, espermatocitos primarios (4,864 mμ ± 0,5292, espermátides (2,85 mμ ± 0,4071; no se encontraron espermatocitos secundarios. La morfología y biometría del espermatozoide de M. peruvianus propone su importancia como valor taxonómico.

Obesidad y síndrome metabólico en niños y adolescentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dr. Castillo-Durán Garlos

2012-03-01

Full Text Available La obesidad general y en niños es un problema de salud pública con claro aumento a nivel mundial y en Chile. En las edades pediátricas, aparte de sus consecuencias traumatológicas, metabólicas y psicológicas, ya tiene un impacto en el riesgo de enfermedades en las edades adultas. El concepto de síndrome metabólico está en uso hace algunos años en la edad adulta, para aunar factores de riesgo de llegar a desarrollar diabetes tipo II y enfermedad cardiovascular. En pediatría hay suficiente evidencia que son factores predictores de riesgo desde la edad escolar la mayoría de los componentes estudiados en adultos: aumento de circunferencia abdominal, de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, de triglicéridos y disminución de colesterol HDL sérico. Están en estudio otros componentes del síndrome: resistencia insulínica, adiposidad intraabdominal, hiperuricemia, hiperleptinemia, grosor aumentado de íntimamedia arterial, signos sugerentes de hígado graso. Se justifica el estudio de estos factores en niños y adolescentes obesos y su manejo intensivo por un equipo profesional entrenado.

Rhizopus-associated soft tissue infection in an immunocompetent air-conditioning technician after a road traffic accident: A case report and review of the literature

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nada B. Rabie

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Summary: Rhinocerebral or sinopulmonary mucromycosis is a well-recognized human fungal infection found among immunocompromised and diabetic patients. However, the infection is rare among immunocompetent hosts. We are reporting the case of an adult immunocompetent male patient working as an air-conditioning technician. The patient was a victim of a road traffic accident (RTA and sustained multiple fractures in the proximal part of the left tibia, distal femur, and scapula. Two weeks postoperatively, Rhizopus microspores were isolated from an infected traumatic wound over the distal femur. Surgical debridement was performed, and the patient was started on amphotericin B. Occupational exposure history and workplace environmental sanitation are crucial for the prevention of this potentially fatal yet preventable infection. Keywords: Rhizopus, Immunocompetent, Air conditioning

Trends in the aetiology of facial fractures in the south of Ireland (1975-1993).

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Carroll, S M

2012-02-03

An aetiological review of 332 patients with facial fractures seen in a 1 year period (1993) was carried out and compared to a similar study of 266 patients, performed in this unit in 1975. Males predominated in both years. Two thirds of fractures occurred in the second and third decades. Road traffic accident (RTA) related facial fractures decreased from 27% of the total in 1975 to 17% in 1993. Assault related facial fractures increased from 18% of the total in 1975 to 27% in 1993. In both study periods nasal fractures were the most common facial fracture seen and sport was the most common cause of facial fracture. The number of patients undergoing surgery increased from 67% of the total to 79% over the same period.

Characterization of tungsten silicides formed by rapid thermal annealing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Siegal, M.; Santiago, J.J.; VanDerSpiegel, J.

1986-01-01

Tungsten silicide samples were formed by sputter depositing 80 nm W metal onto (100) oriented, 5 ohm-cm Si wafers. After deposition, the samples were fast radiatively processed in an RTA system using quartz-halogen tungsten lamps as radiation sources for time intervals ranging from 20 to 60s under high vacuum. Films processed at 22-25 W/cm 2 radiation with the film side of the samples oriented away from the lamps result in films which are metallic or cloudy in color, and have mixed composition as evidenced by x-ray diffraction (W, W 5 Si 3 and WSi 2 ). Films processed with the film side oriented toward the lamps show the occurrence of a phase transformation clearly nucleated at the film edge

Efficiency enhancement of silicon nanowire solar cells by using UV/Ozone treatments and micro-grid electrodes

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Junyi; Subramani, Thiyagu; Sun, Yonglie; Jevasuwan, Wipakorn; Fukata, Naoki

2018-05-01

Silicon nanowire solar cells were fabricated by metal catalyzed electroless etching (MCEE) followed by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In this study, we investigated two effects, a UV/ozone treatment and the use of a micro-grid electrodes, to enhance light absorption and reduce the optic losses in the solar cell device. The UV/ozone treatment successfully improved the conversion efficiency. The micro-grid electrodes were then applied in solar cell devices subjected to a back surface field (BSF) treatment and rapid thermal annealing (RTA). These effects improved the conversion efficiency from 9.4% to 10.9%. Moreover, to reduce surface recombination and improve the continuity of front electrodes, we optimized the etching time of the MCEE process, giving a high efficiency of 12.3%.

Current-induced metal-insulator transition in VO x thin film prepared by rapid-thermal-annealing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cho, Choong-Rae; Cho, SungIl; Vadim, Sidorkin; Jung, Ranju; Yoo, Inkyeong

2006-01-01

The phenomenon of metal-insulator transition (MIT) in polycrystalline VO x thin films and their preparations have been studied. The films were prepared by sputtering of vanadium thin films succeeded by Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) in oxygen ambient at 500 deg. C. Crystalline, compositional, and morphological characterizations reveal a continuous change of phase from vanadium metal to the highest oxide phase, V 2 O 5 , with the time of annealing. Electrical MIT switching has been observed in these films. Sweeping mode, electrode area, and temperature dependent MIT has been studied in Pt/VO x /Pt vertical structure. The important parameters for MIT in VO x have been found to be the current density and the electric field, which depend on carrier density in the films

Study of the R-(Zr,W)-(O,N) (R = Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Yb) oxynitride system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tessier, Franck, E-mail: Franck.Tessier@univ-rennes1.fr [UMR CNRS 6226 ' Sciences Chimiques de Rennes' , equipe ' Verres et Ceramiques' , Universite de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes cedex (France); Maillard, Pascal [UMR CNRS 6226 ' Sciences Chimiques de Rennes' , equipe ' Verres et Ceramiques' , Universite de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes cedex (France); Orhan, Emmanuelle [Laboratoire Science des Procedes Ceramiques et Traitements de Surface, UMR CNRS 6638, Universite de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges cedex (France); Chevire, Francois [UMR CNRS 6226 ' Sciences Chimiques de Rennes' , equipe ' Verres et Ceramiques' , Universite de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes cedex (France)

2010-02-15

The replacement of tantalum by the couple Zr/W within the RTa-O-N systems (R = Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Yb), enables the preparation of novel oxide and oxynitride phases in the R-Zr-W-O-N system. R{sub 2}Zr{sub 2-x}W{sub x}O{sub 7+x} oxides exhibit the fluorite-type (x < 0.9) and scheelite (x {approx} 1) structures. Corresponding oxynitride compositions are of the fluorite-type and show different colors, for example in the case of ytterbium: pale yellow (x = 0.2 or 0.25), green (x = 0.5-0.8) and brown for the tungsten-rich samples (x = 0.9, 1). Photocatalytic activity measurements have been performed to investigate the overall water splitting behavior of these colored phases.

Direct STM evidence of a surface interaction between chiral modifier and pro-chiral reagent: Methylacetoacetate on R, R-tartaric acid modified Ni {1 1 1}

Science.gov (United States)

Jones, T. E.; Baddeley, C. J.

2002-11-01

The asymmetric hydrogenation of methylacetoacetate to R-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate over R, R-tartaric acid modified Ni catalysts is a well known example of heterogeneous enantioselective catalysis. Using STM, RAIRS and TPD, we investigate the adsorption of methylacetoacetate on Ni{1 1 1} and R, R-TA modified Ni{1 1 1} in order to shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the enantioselective catalysis. We show that methylacetoacetate adsorption can only occur in regions of low R, R-tartaric acid coverage. Once adsorption occurs, methylacetoacetate is able to locally rearrange the tartrate modifiers to produce a two-dimensional co-crystal. We consider the implications of our work in explaining the mechanism of enantioselective hydrogenation in this type of system.

Nickel-induced crystallization of amorphous silicon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmidt, J A; Arce, R D; Buitrago, R H [INTEC (CONICET-UNL), Gueemes 3450, S3000GLN Santa Fe (Argentina); Budini, N; Rinaldi, P, E-mail: jschmidt@intec.unl.edu.a [FIQ - UNL, Santiago del Estero 2829, S3000AOM Santa Fe (Argentina)

2009-05-01

The nickel-induced crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is used to obtain large grained polycrystalline silicon thin films on glass substrates. a-Si:H is deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition at 200 deg. C, preparing intrinsic and slightly p-doped samples. Each sample was divided in several pieces, over which increasing Ni concentrations were sputtered. Two crystallization methods are compared, conventional furnace annealing (CFA) and rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The crystallization was followed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations, X-ray diffraction, and reflectance measurements in the UV region. The large grain sizes obtained - larger than 100{mu}m for the samples crystallized by CFA - are very encouraging for the preparation of low-cost thin film polycrystalline silicon solar cells.

Retinitis por citomegalovirus en un paciente con VIH

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Alena de los Ángeles Vejerano Duany

Full Text Available La retinitis por citomegalovirus es la infección ocular más frecuente en pacientes con un recuento de linfocitos CD4 inferior a 200 por µL. El aspecto oftalmoscópico de las lesiones se caracteriza, en la mayoría de los casos, por infiltrados retinianos resultados de la necrosis retiniana producida por citomegalovirus y el edema en asociación con hemorragias. Estas lesiones se disponen, por lo general, siguiendo las arcadas vasculares temporales con invasión hacia la mácula. Se presentó una paciente de 24 años de edad, femenina, blanca, ama de casa, con antecedentes patológicos personales oculares sin datos de interés, y antecedentes patológicos personales generales de ser diagnosticadas con VIH. Hace cuatro años que comenzó con tratamiento antirretroviral, y tuvo cambios de tratamiento en dos ocasiones. El último fue impuesto en mayo del año 2011, con el cual presentó mala adherencia terapéutica, y comenzó desde entonces a presentar disminución de su peso corporal de forma marcada en breve período de tiempo. Refiere que desde hace unos meses comenzó a presentar una disminución progresiva de la agudeza visual en el ojo derecho, acompañado de visión borrosa. Adquiere gran importancia este caso, ya que ante la supervivencia de los pacientes con sida, va a ser cada vez más frecuente la aparición de las afecciones oculares relacionadas con esta enfermedad. Dentro de ellas se encuentran las infecciones oportunistas mayores como la retinitis por citomegalovirus.

Dendrochronological study of the endangered shrub Vella pseudocytisus subsp. paui (Brassicaceae: implications for its recovery and conservation

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Génova, Mar

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Dendrochronology is useful to determine plant longevity, to provide insights into the structure and dynamics of plant populations and to study the relationships between growth and environmental determinants. The dendrochronology of endangered shrubs is unexplored, although their use represents an opportunity to produce better conservation guidelines. We collected for this study 63 samples from already dead specimens of Vella pseudocytisus subsp. paui (Brassicaceae, an endangered Spanish endemism from three localities. We analyzed the relationship between ring data and plant size to determine the accuracy of using size as a proxy for plant age. We also explored the relationships between ring data and environmental variables to detect growth determinants. This shrub showed a high longevity as older individuals presented nearly 50 growth rings. The relationship between age and size is weak although it could be established based on the logarithmic function of plant biovolume. Significant relationships were found between rainfall and ring widths, showing that water limited annual growth. Finally, age structure characterized differences among populations, highlighting the effects of disturbance and land use. These results provided new opportunities for management within the ongoing recovery plan for the species.La dendrocronología es útil para determinar la longevidad de la planta, proporcionar información sobre la estructura y dinámica de las poblaciones vegetales y estudiar las relaciones entre el crecimiento y las variables ambientales. Hasta ahora no se había hecho uso de la dendrocronología en arbustos en peligro de extinción, aunque su empleo puede mejorar las directrices de conservación. En este estudio se han recolectado 63 especímenes ya muertos de tres localidades de Vella pseudocytisus subsp. paui (Brassicaceae, un endemismo español en peligro de extinción. Se han analizado las relaciones entre los grosores del anillo de

Sexual dimorphism of pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra p. pyrenaica based on skull morphometry

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García-González, R.

2002-12-01

muestra de 85 cráneos adultos (36 machos y 49 hembras. Hemos realizado un análisis de comparación de medias y análisis de regresión múltiple y de componentes principales. El sarrio presenta uno de los menores dimorfismos craneales del género Rupicapra. Solo la longitud y grosor de los cuernos y variables relacionadas con ellos, mostraron diferencias significativas entre sexos. Sin embargo, la altura de los cuernos no presentó diferencias significativas. Se discuten las implicaciones ecológicas de la variabilidad encontrada en los cráneos y de las relaciones entre variables craneométricas. Por medio de análisis discriminantes desarrollamos varias funciones que permiten la identificación sexual de ejemplares completos e incompletos. Las funciones que permiten una mejor clasificación se basan en las variables del grosor de los cuernos.

Avaliação oftalmológica em pacientes com AIDS e neurotoxoplasmose Ophthalmological evaluation of patients with AIDS and neurotoxoplasmosis

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Jane Mary Alves

2010-02-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Descrever os achados fundoscópicos em pacientes com AIDS e neurotoxoplasmose em fase ativa. MÉTODOS: Foi desenvolvido estudo prospectivo tipo série de casos incluindo 70 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade variando de 20 a 63 anos, internados nas enfermarias de três hospitais públicos da Cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, com diagnósticos de AIDS e neurotoxoplasmose firmados segundo os critérios do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1992, no período de janeiro a outubro de 2008. Os pacientes se caracterizavam por: primeiro episódio de neurotoxoplasmose (65; 92,9% ou recidiva (5; 7,1%; desconhecimento de ter AIDS (23; 32,9%, contagem média de linfócitos T CD4 de 139,8 ± 3,04 células/mm3 e carga viral média igual a 137.080 ± 39.380 cópias/mL. Todos foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico, consistindo de: inspeção ocular; aferição da acuidade visual; investigação da função muscular extrínseca ocular e fundoscopia, empregando oftalmoscópio indireto binocular (modelo OHN 3.5 (Eyetec® e lente externa de 20 dioptrias (Volk®. RESULTADOS: Os achados consistiram em: exsudatos algodonosos retinianos (8,6%, constricção arteriolar difusa leve (8,6%; lesões de retinocoroidite cicatricial, características de toxoplasmose ocular (5,7%, atrofia do epitélio pigmentar retiniano (2,9%, descolamento da retina (2,9%, aumento de escavação papilar (1,4%, degeneração periférica retiniana (1,4%, macroaneurisma (1,4%, papiledema bilateral (1,4%, tração vítreo-retiniana (1,4%. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com AIDS e neurotoxoplasmose podem apresentar alterações fundoscópicas características da toxoplasmose ocular, na forma ativa ou cicatricial, relacionadas ao HIV ou, ainda, a outras doenças oportunistas ou sistêmicas, podendo ser de grande auxílio num tratamento integral do paciente por uma equipe multiprofissional.INTRODUCTION: To describe fundoscopic findings among patients with AIDS and active

Effectiveness of a single-session early psychological intervention for children after road traffic accidents: a randomised controlled trial

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Meuli Martin

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Road traffic accidents (RTAs are the leading health threat to children in Europe, resulting in 355 000 injuries annually. Because children can suffer significant and long-term mental health problems following RTAs, there is considerable interest in the development of early psychological interventions. To date, the research in this field is scarce, and currently no evidence-based recommendations can be made. Methods To evaluate the effectiveness of a single-session early psychological intervention, 99 children age 7-16 were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The manualised intervention was provided to the child and at least one parent around 10 days after the child's involvement in an RTA. It included reconstruction of the accident using drawings and accident-related toys, and psychoeducation. All of the children were interviewed at 10 days, 2 months and 6 months after the accident. Parents filled in questionnaires. Standardised instruments were used to assess acute stress disorder (ASD, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD, depressive symptoms and behavioural problems. Results The children of the two study groups showed no significant differences concerning posttraumatic symptoms and other outcome variables at 2 or at 6 months. Interestingly, analyses showed a significant intervention × age-group effect, indicating that for preadolescent children the intervention was effective in decreasing depressive symptoms and behavioural problems. Conclusions This study is the first to show a beneficial effect of a single-session early psychological intervention after RTA in preadolescent children. Therefore, an age-specific approach in an early stage after RTAs may be a promising way for further research. Younger children can benefit from the intervention evaluated here. However, these results have to be interpreted with caution, because of small subgroup sizes. Future studies are needed to examine specific

The divergence between the virus and cellular oxidative stress as separate environmental agents that trigger autoimmunity originates from their different procedural mechanisms of activating the same molecular entity: the transcription factor NF-kappa B

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Norbert O. Temajo

2017-07-01

Full Text Available To happen, autoimmunity in man requires triggering by environmental factors: the viruses and cellular stress, in genetically primed individuals. The viruses and stress are operatives in this scene as stimuli for the activation of the transcription factor (TF, NF-ΚB. NF-ΚB is unusually activated: the viral activation occurs via serine residues-phosphorylation by IKKβ and IKKε, while the activation by oxidative stress occurs via tyrosine phosphorylation of IΚBα. The phosphorylation of particular amino acid residues of a given protein molecule modulates that protein’s polymorphic conformations, appropriately. For a TF, a given conformation influences its choice of cognate DNA sequence recognition as well as its interactions with neighboring molecules. The TF NF-ΚB performs a battery of regulatory functions. Because it is variously phosphorylated as seen above this implies that NF-ΚB is capable of assuming a multitude of polymorphic conformations that we refer to as “derivative isoforms”. Thus the virus activation of NF-ΚB occurring by phosphorylation at serines S536 and S468 is observed to generate the isoforms with the potential to activate the transcription of viral latency genes, hereby installing a latent infection. But oxidative stress activation of NF-ΚB occurs via phosphorylation of Tyr42 of IΚBα and this yields isoforms that activate the transcription of replication and transcription activator (RTA, the master lytic switch, which thereby abrogates the latency. The steps involved are that the stress-activated NF-ΚB and the viral miRNAs conjoin in a regulatory circuitry identified as feedback and feed-forward network motifs that co-accomplish the switching on of RTA which in turn activates the transcription of the immediate early genes BZLF1 and BRLF1. These two latter genes together mobilize the expression of the set of lytic genes, resulting in a lytic cascade and consequentially set in trend the viral journey to the

Effect of mineral and organic fertilization on grey water footprint in a fertirrigated crop under semiarid conditions.

Science.gov (United States)

Castellanos Serrano, María Teresa; Requejo Mariscal, María Isabel; Cartagena Causapé, María Carmen; Arce Martínez, Augusto; Ribas Elcorobarrutia, Francisco; Jesús Cabello Cabello, María; María Tarquis Alfonso, Ana

2016-04-01

The concept of "water footprint" (WF) was introduced as an indicator for the total volume of direct and indirect freshwater used, consumed and/or polluted [1]. The WF distinguishes between blue water (volume of surface and groundwater consumed), green water (rain-water consumed), and grey water (volume of freshwater that is required to assimilate the load of pollutants based on existing ambient water quality standards). In semiarid scenarios with low water quality, where the irrigation is necessary to maintain production, green WF is zero because the effective rainfall is negligible. As well as blue WF includes: i) extra consumption or irrigation water that the farmer has to apply to compensate the fail of uniformity on discharge of drips, ii) percolation out of control or salts leaching, which depends on the salt tolerance of the crop, soil and quality of irrigation water, to ensure the fruit yield. The major concern is grey WF, because the irrigation and nitrogen dose have to be adjusted to the crop needs in order to minimize nitrate pollution. This study is focused in assessment mineral and organic fertilization on grey WF in a fertirrigated melon crop under semiarid conditions, which is principally cultivated in the centre of Spain declared vulnerable zone to nitrate pollution by applying the Directive 91/676/CEE. During successive years, a melon crop (Cucumis melo L.) was grown under field conditions. Different doses of ammonium nitrate were used as well as compost derived from the wine-distillery industry which is relevant in this area. Acknowledgements: This project has been supported by INIA-RTA04-111-C3 and INIA-RTA2010-00110-C03. Keywords: Water footprint, nitrogen, fertirrigation, inorganic fertilizers, organic amendments, semiarid conditions. [1] Hoekstra, A.Y. 2003. Virtual water trade. Proceedings of the International Expert Meeting on Virtual Water Trade, Delft, The Netherlands, 12-13 December 2002. Value of Water Research Report Series No. 12

A case of severe osteomalacia caused by Tubulointerstitial nephritis with Fanconi syndrome in asymptomotic primary biliary cirrhosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Yamaguchi, Shintaro; Maruyama, Tatsuya; Wakino, Shu; Tokuyama, Hirobumi; Hashiguchi, Akinori; Tada, Shinichiro; Homma, Koichiro; Monkawa, Toshiaki; Thomas, James; Miyashita, Kazutoshi; Kurihara, Isao; Yoshida, Tadashi; Konishi, Konosuke; Hayashi, Koichi; Hayashi, Matsuhiko; Itoh, Hiroshi

2015-11-11

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an immune-mediated chronic cholestatic liver disease, characterized by increased concentrations of serum IgM and the presence of circulating anti-mitochondrial antibodies. Although bone diseases such as osteoporosis or osteodystrophy are commonly associated with PBC, osteomalacia which is caused by abnormal vitamin D metabolism, mineralization defects, and phosphate deficiency has not been recognized as a complication of PBC. We report the case of a 49-year-old Japanese woman who complained of multiple fractures. Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia was diagnosed from a low serum phosphorus level, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 level, high levels of bone specific alkaline phosphatase and the findings of bone scintigraphy, although a bone biopsy was not performed. Twenty four hour urine demonstrated a low renal fractional tubular reabsorption of phosphate, increased fractional excretion of uric acid and generalized aminoaciduria. An intravenous bicarbonate loading test suggested the presence of proximal renal tubular acidosis (RTA). These biochemical data indicated Fanconi syndrome with proximal RTA. A kidney biopsy demonstrated the features of tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN). The patient was also suspected as having primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) because of high levels of alkaline phosphatase, IgM and the presence of anti-mitochondrial M2 antibody, though biochemical liver function was normal. Sequential liver biopsy was compatible with PBC and the diagnosis of PBC was definite. After administration of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, neutral potassium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate for osteomalacia and subsequent predonizolone for TIN, symptoms of fractures were relieved and renal function including Fanconi syndrome was ameliorated. In this case, asymptomatic PBC was shown to induce TIN with Fanconi syndrome with dysregulation of electrolytes and vitamin D metabolism, which in turn led to osteomalacia with multiple fractures. Osteomalacia has not

Rhizopus-associated soft tissue infection in an immunocompetent air-conditioning technician after a road traffic accident: a case report and review of the literature.

Science.gov (United States)

Rabie, Nada B; Althaqafi, Abdulhakeem O

2012-03-01

Rhinocerebral or sinopulmonary mucromycosis is a well-recognized human fungal infection found among immunocompromised and diabetic patients. However, the infection is rare among immunocompetent hosts. We are reporting the case of an adult immunocompetent male patient working as an air-conditioning technician. The patient was a victim of a road traffic accident (RTA) and sustained multiple fractures in the proximal part of the left tibia, distal femur, and scapula. Two weeks postoperatively, Rhizopus microspores were isolated from an infected traumatic wound over the distal femur. Surgical debridement was performed, and the patient was started on amphotericin B. Occupational exposure history and workplace environmental sanitation are crucial for the prevention of this potentially fatal yet preventable infection. Copyright © 2011 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Enhanced electrical activation of Zn and Be implants in GaAs by the co-implantation of phosphorus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tang, A.C.T.; Sealy, B.J.; Rezazadeh, A.A.

1989-01-01

In this paper, we report that, through the use of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and the co-implantation of phosphorus, an effective way of preventing the in- and out-diffusion of zinc and beryllium has been achieved in GaAs. This is of particular significance in the case of the beryllium implanted samples because, to date, there has been no method for preventing the out-diffusion of beryllium atoms at high annealing temperatures. We have observed that the reverse annealing behaviour of the Be-implanted samples has been modified after the co-implantation of phosphorus. Furthermore, abrupt electrical profiles with hole concentrations of the order of 6x10 19 cm -3 have been achieved with the Zn+P implants after annealing at 850 0 C for 30 s. (author)

AHP 44: Interview: FILMMAKER: GU RU 'PHRINS LAS1

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AHP

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Please introduce yourself. I am Gu ru 'phrin las, born in 1993 in Smin thang Township, Gjig sgril County, Mgo log (Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Mtsho sngon (Qinghai Province, PR China. My family members are herders. My paternal grandmother (Ngang rus, 1923-2008 raised me. My family had neither a radio nor television, so Grandmother's folktales and stories about her childhood were the main form of entertainment for me. When I was six years old, Father began to teach me basic Tibetan and mathematics. I started school when I was eight years old. I later studied at Mgo log High School in Rta bo (Dawu, at Northwest Nationalities University in Lan gru (Lanzhou, and in Zhi an (Xi'an. My dream is to become a film director. ...

Ion induced intermixing and consequent effects on the leakage currents in HfO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2}/Si systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manikanthababu, N.; Saikiran, V.; Pathak, A.P.; Rao, S.V.S.N. [University of Hyderabad, School of Physics, Hyderabad (India); Chan, T.K.; Vajandar, S.; Osipowicz, T. [National University of Singapore, Department of Physics, Centre for Ion Beam Applications (CIBA), Singapore (Singapore)

2017-05-15

Atomic layer deposited (ALD) samples with layer stacks of HfO{sub 2} (3 nm)/SiO{sub 2} (0.7 nm)/Si were subjected to 120 MeV Au ion irradiation at different fluences to study intermixing effects across the HfO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2} interface. High-resolution Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (HRBS) and X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements confirm an increase in the interlayer thickness as a result of SHI induced intermixing effects. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements reveal an order of magnitude difference in the leakage current density between the pristine and irradiated samples. This can be explained by considering the increased physical thickness of interlayer (HfSiO). Furthermore, the samples were subjected to rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process to analyze annealing kinetics. (orig.)

Floating knee injury associated with patellar tendon rupture: a case report and review of literature.

Science.gov (United States)

Vaidyanathan, Singaravadivelu; Panchanathan Ganesan, Jagannath; Moongilpatti Sengodan, Mugundhan

2012-01-01

Floating knee injuries are frequently associated with other concomitant injuries to the ipsilateral limb or other parts of body of which injury to the ipsilateral knee ligaments carries significance for various reasons. A middle-aged man sustained a floating knee injury following RTA. DCS fixation by bridge plating technique for the distal femur and lateral buttress plating by MIPO technique for proximal tibia were planned and executed under spinal anesthesia with image intensifier. In addition, there were patellar tendon rupture along with avulsion of VMO from the medial border of patella and torn MPFL, which we have missed initially. To the best of our knowledge no similar case has been reported in English literature so far. We have reviewed the literature and proposed a different interpretation of Blake and McBride classification.

Floating Knee Injury Associated with Patellar Tendon Rupture: A Case Report and Review of Literature

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Singaravadivelu Vaidyanathan

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Floating knee injuries are frequently associated with other concomitant injuries to the ipsilateral limb or other parts of body of which injury to the ipsilateral knee ligaments carries significance for various reasons. A middle-aged man sustained a floating knee injury following RTA. DCS fixation by bridge plating technique for the distal femur and lateral buttress plating by MIPO technique for proximal tibia were planned and executed under spinal anesthesia with image intensifier. In addition, there were patellar tendon rupture along with avulsion of VMO from the medial border of patella and torn MPFL, which we have missed initially. To the best of our knowledge no similar case has been reported in English literature so far. We have reviewed the literature and proposed a different interpretation of Blake and McBride classification.

Rotorcraft Aeromechanics Branch Home Page on the World Wide Web

Science.gov (United States)

Peterson, Randall L.; Warmbrodt, William (Technical Monitor)

1996-01-01

The tilt rotor aircraft holds great promise for improving air travel in the future. It's benefits include vertical take off and landing combined with airspeeds comparable to propeller driven aircraft. However, the noise from a tilt rotor during approach to a landing is potentially a significant barrier to widespread acceptance of these aircraft. This approach noise is primarily caused by Blade Vortex Interactions (BVI), which are created when the blade passes near or through the vortex trailed by preceding blades. The XV- 15 Aeroacoustic test will measure the noise from a tilt rotor during descent conditions and demonstrate several possible techniques to reduce the noise. The XV- 15 Aeroacoustic test at NASA Ames Research Center will measure acoustics and performance for a full-scale XV-15 rotor. A single XV-15 rotor will be mounted on the Ames Rotor Test Apparatus (RTA) in the 80- by 120-Foot Wind Tunnel. The test will be conducted in helicopter mode with forward flight speeds up to 100 knots and tip path plane angles up to +/- 15 degrees. These operating conditions correspond to a wide range of tilt rotor descent and transition to forward flight cases. Rotor performance measurements will be made with the RTA rotor balance, while acoustic measurements will be made using an acoustic traverse and four fixed microphones. The acoustic traverse will provide limited directionality measurements on the advancing side of the rotor, where BVI noise is expected to be the highest. Baseline acoustics and performance measurements for the three-bladed rotor will be obtained over the entire test envelope. Acoustic measurements will also be obtained for correlation with the XV-15 aircraft Inflight Rotor Aeroacoustic Program (IRAP) recently conducted by Ames. Several techniques will be studied in an attempt to reduce the highest measured BVI noise conditions. The first of these techniques will use sub-wings mounted on the blade tips. These subwings are expected to alter the size

Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (dRTA) Among Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO) Patients in Malaria Endemic Area of Sekotong, Lombok Island

OpenAIRE

Danuyanti, I Gusti Ayu Nyoman; -, Tasmini; Sadewa, Ahmad Hamim

2014-01-01

Introduction: Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO) is caused by 27 bp deletion of the band 3 protein gene in erythrocyte membrane and characterized by oval erythrocyte. The erythroid band 3 (AE1) gene isexpressed not only in erythrocyte membranes but also in the cell membrane of α-collecting renal tubular functions in the secretion of acid in renal tubules and HCO3 -/Cl- anion exchange. An alteration of the band 3 (AE1) gene functions in cell of α-collecting renal tubules reduces HCO3-/Cl- ion ...

Estudio del desarrollo radical en almácigo de híbridos f1 de café obtenidos por cultivo de tejidos

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Fabián Echeverría

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Plántulas de Híbridos F1 de café, obte - nidas por embriogénesis somática indirecta, fueron aclimatizadas bajo condiciones de inver - nadero, en 2 tipos de contenedores: bandeja con sustrato convencional y malla biodegradable con turba comprimida (Jiffy®. A los 2 meses, las plántulas fueron transferidas a bolsa con sus - trato convencional y desarrolladas en el vivero. Se evaluó el desarrollo y calidad de la planta 8 meses después de su crecimiento en almácigo. Se encontró 33% de raíces rectas y 65% con morfologías anormales como estrangulamien - tos, serpenteadas y bifurcaciones, las cuales tuvieron respectivamente menores valores en los parámetros de largo, grosor y peso, tanto en el sistema radical como aéreo. En cuanto al tipo de contenedor, se obtuvo mayor crecimiento en las plántulas desarrolladas en Jiffy® con res - pecto a las de bandejas, sin embargo, aquellas que preservaron la envoltura durante la etapa de vivero, tuvieron menor crecimiento y desarrollo, con respecto de aquellas que les fue retirado. Se recomienda retirar la cobertura del Jiffy® previo a la siembra en bolsa, así como mejorar la técnica de inmersión temporal para evitar anormalidades morfológicas en los embriones producidos.

Changes of porosity due to weathering in quartzites and slates of a Raña profile (Montes de Toledo, Central Spain

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Molina Ballesteros, E.

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Rañas are alluvial fan deposits of Plio-Pleistocene age that form the piedmont platforms around the mountains in the interior of the Iberian Peninsula. They are composed of cobbles, pebbles and gravels of quartzite and some quartz, all embedded within a clayey matrix displaying striking changes in hues due to hydromorphism. Beneath these platforms, the Hercynian basement is consistently deeply weathered. In the profile of the Raña, the quartzite stones located into the clayey horizon have a weathering rind that is whitish to ochre in colour, in contrast to the dark reddish hue of those located within the leaching horizon, just below the land surface. These differences are related to changes in the physical properties (e.g., bulk density and porosity, mineralogy (presence of oxyhydroxides and weathering processes that have taken place in the profile. Such processes have led to the corrosion and replacement of the quartz grains by the iron oxyhydroxides. The main cause is the dramatic changes in the water regime occurring in the pores at the surfaces of the quartzite stones. Due to weathering the slates outcropping beneath the Raña have undergone important release of matter (ca. 30%, together with changes in the mineral association, with a progressive reduction in the component of the unweathered slates and an increase in new minerals (smectites, kaolinite and iron oxyhydroxides upwards.Las Rañas son depósitos de abanicos aluviales del Plio-Pleistoceno que forman plataformas de piedemonte alrededor de las montanas del interior de la Peninsula Iberica. Estan formadas de bloques, cantos y gravas de cuarcita dominantes y algún cuarzo engastados en una matriz arcillosa que muestra importantes contrastes de color causados por hidromorfismo. Bajo estas plataformas, el zocalo hercinico se encuentra profundamente alterado. En un perfil de Rana se distinguen dos tipos de horizontes: i el superior, de pocos decimetros de grosor, rico en cantos, gravas

Comportamiento morfoagronómico de variedades de morera (Morus alba L. durante el establecimiento Morphoagronomic performance of mulberry (Morus alba L. varieties during the establishment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gertrudis Pentón

2007-09-01

Full Text Available En áreas de la EEPF "Indio Hatuey" se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento morfoagronómico de cuatro variedades de morera (Morus alba L. (Criolla, Indonesia, Cubana y Tigreada, durante la etapa de establecimiento de plantas trasplantadas. El material vegetativo (posturas fue aviverado durante 120 días. La dinámica de emergencia de las yemas fue significativamente superior en las variedades Indonesia, Tigreada y Cubana con respecto a la Criolla. La variedad Tigreada alcanzó la mayor tasa promedio de desarrollo de nuevas ramas (0,25 ramas/día, aunque sin diferencias significativas respecto a las restantes variedades. La longitud de las ramas tendió a ser superior en la var. Tigreada (0,89 cm promedio por día, seguida por las variedades Indonesia, Cubana y Criolla (0,77; 0,73 y 0,63 cm/día, respectivamente. Sin embargo, el grosor de las ramas fue mayor en las variedades Cubana y Criolla. La variedad Indonesia se caracterizó por un significativo crecimiento en altura y grosor de la base del tallo principal (154 cm y 14,6 mm respecto al resto de las variedades. Todo ello tuvo una repercusión marcada en la producción de hojas, en lo cual se destacó la variedad Tigreada; le siguieron, aunque con diferencias significativas entre ellas, las variedades Indonesia, Cubana y Criolla. Se concluye que Tigreada e Indonesia resultaron ser las variedades de mejor comportamiento morfoagronómico durante el establecimiento; la primera se caracterizó por un alto potencial de producción de hojas y la segunda por una notable capacidad de acumulación de tejido leñoso.A study was carried out in areas of the EEPF "Indio Hatuey" in order to evaluate the morphoagronomic performance of four mulberry (Morus alba L. varieties (Criolla, Indonesia, Cubana and Tigreada, during the establishment stage of transplanted plants. The vegetative material (seedlings was placed in a nursery for 120 days. The bud emergence dynamics was

Definition of propulsion system for V/STOL research and technology aircraft

Science.gov (United States)

1977-01-01

Wind tunnel test support, aircraft contractor support, a propulsion system computer card deck, preliminary design studies, and propulsion system development plan are reported. The Propulsion system consists of two lift/cruise turbofan engines, one turboshaft engine and one lift fan connected together with shafting into a combiner gearbox. Distortion parameter levels from 40 x 80 test data were within the established XT701-AD-700 limits. The three engine-three fan system card deck calculates either vertical or conventional flight performance, installed or uninstalled. Design study results for XT701 engine modifications, bevel gear cross shaft location, fixed and tilt fan frames and propulsion system controls are described. Optional water-alcohol injection increased total net thrust 10.3% on a 90 F day. Engines have sufficient turbine life for 500 hours of the RTA duty cycle.

An Airborne Conflict Resolution Approach Using a Genetic Algorithm

Science.gov (United States)

Mondoloni, Stephane; Conway, Sheila

2001-01-01

An airborne conflict resolution approach is presented that is capable of providing flight plans forecast to be conflict-free with both area and traffic hazards. This approach is capable of meeting constraints on the flight plan such as required times of arrival (RTA) at a fix. The conflict resolution algorithm is based upon a genetic algorithm, and can thus seek conflict-free flight plans meeting broader flight planning objectives such as minimum time, fuel or total cost. The method has been applied to conflicts occurring 6 to 25 minutes in the future in climb, cruise and descent phases of flight. The conflict resolution approach separates the detection, trajectory generation and flight rules function from the resolution algorithm. The method is capable of supporting pilot-constructed resolutions, cooperative and non-cooperative maneuvers, and also providing conflict resolution on trajectories forecast by an onboard FMC.

Izmaksu sistēmas integrācija Openstack mākoņu sistēmā

OpenAIRE

Andruškeviča, Eleonora

2015-01-01

Izmaksu sistēma ir programma priekš OpenStack atvērta pirmkoda mākoņu sistēmai, kas ir uzrakstīta ar Python programmēšanās valodas palīdzību. Programmas izstrādes nolūks ir paplašināt OpenStack platformu ar precīzu izmaksu radītājiem. Sistēma ir domāta tikai OpenStack lietotājiem. Izmaksu programma dod iespēju lietotājam zināt, cik viņām būtu jāmaksā par patērētiem resursiem konkrētajos periodos, ja OpenStack būtu par maksu. Rezultātā tika iegūta programma, kas dabū virtuālu mašīnu st...

The science, technology and research network (STARNET) a searchable thematic compilation of web resources

Science.gov (United States)

Blados, W.R.; Cotter, G.A.; Hermann, T.

2007-01-01

International alliances in space efforts have resulted in a more rapid diffusion of space technology. This, in turn, increases pressure on organizations to push forward with technological developments and to take steps to maximize their inclusion into the research and development (R&D) process and the overall advancement and enhancement of space technology. To cope with this vast and rapidly growing amount of data and information that is vital to the success of the innovation, the Information Management Committee (IMC) of the Research Technology Agency (RTA) developed the science, technology and research network (STARNET). The purpose of this network is to facilitate access to worldwide information elements in terms of science, technology and overall research. It provides a virtual library with special emphasis on international security; a "one stop" information resource for policy makers, program managers, scientists, engineers, researchers and others. ?? 2007 IEEE.

Publiskās runas izmantošana mutvārdu iemaņu pilnveidošanā

OpenAIRE

Zorģe, Inta

2008-01-01

Diplomdarbs risina publiskās runas izmantošanas problēmas, lai attīstītu mutvārdu iemaņas. Diplomdarbs sastāv no ievada, četrām nodaļām, literatūras saraksta un pielikumiem. Diplomdarbs ietver sevī atbilstošas teorētiskās literatūras apskatu un analīzi, kā arī atspoguļo iegūto teorētisko zināšanu pielietojumu publiskās runas iemaņu attīstīšanai praksē. Pētījumā analizētas publiskās runas iezīmes, veidi, kā arī attiecīgo iemaņu realizēšana praksē. Darbā uzsvērta skolotāja loma runa...

The bilateral trade agreements and export performance of South Asian nations with special reference to India Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Suhail P

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The regional trade agreements (RTA have been one of the important developments in the world trading system in 1990s. There are number of studies on the effects trade agreements in different contexts. This study is an attempt to analyse the effects of bilateral trade agreements in the intraregional trade in the SAARC region with special reference to the Free Trade Agreements (FTA between India Sri Lanka. The study uses a panel regression analysis by using balance panel data. The study concludes that the FTA between India and Sri Lanka has brought positive results in the trade between these two nations by improving the bilateral trade in goods. The results of the study are important in the context of looking for the prospects of a free trade area in the region by member nations.

Specific features of goal setting in road traffic safety

Science.gov (United States)

Kolesov, V. I.; Danilov, O. F.; Petrov, A. I.

2017-10-01

Road traffic safety (RTS) management is inherently a branch of cybernetics and therefore requires clear formalization of the task. The paper aims at identification of the specific features of goal setting in RTS management under the system approach. The paper presents the results of cybernetic modeling of the cause-to-effect mechanism of a road traffic accident (RTA); in here, the mechanism itself is viewed as a complex system. A designed management goal function is focused on minimizing the difficulty in achieving the target goal. Optimization of the target goal has been performed using the Lagrange principle. The created working algorithms have passed the soft testing. The key role of the obtained solution in the tactical and strategic RTS management is considered. The dynamics of the management effectiveness indicator has been analyzed based on the ten-year statistics for Russia.

Efektivitātes pētījums: Ceļu Satiksmes drošības direkcijas sociālās vides reklāmas

OpenAIRE

Vītola, Zanda

2013-01-01

Darba tēma ir „Efektivitātes pētījums: Ceļu Satiksmes drošības direkcijas sociālās vides reklāmas”. Pētījuma problēma – ik gadu palielinās upuru un negadījumu skaits uz Latvijas ceļiem, tāpēc ir svarīgi noskaidrot, cik efektīvas ir CSDD vides reklāmas, lai šo tendenci novērstu. Darba mērķis – noskaidrot sabiedrības viedokli un attieksmi pret CSDD vides reklāmām, atklājot, kā un vai reklāmu vēstījums ietekmē sabiedrību. Darbā izmantota Bārta teorija semiotiskās analīzes izpratnei, Kot...

Self-assembled InAs quantum dots. Properties, modification and emission processes; Selbstorganisierte InAs-Quantenpunkte. Eigenschaften, Modifizierung und Emissionsprozesse

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schramm, A.

2007-09-06

In this thesis, structural, optical as well as electronic properties of self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QD) were studied by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), photoluminescence (PL), capacitance spectroscopy (CV) and capacitance transient spectroscopy (DLTS). The quantum dots were grown with molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and embedded in Schottky diodes for electrical characterization. In this work growth aspects as well as the electronic structures of QD were discussed. By varying the QD growth parameters it is possible to control the structural, and thus the optical and electronic properties of QD. Two methods are presented. Adjusting the QD growth temperature leads either to small QD with a high areal density or to high QDs with a low density. The structural changes of the QD are reflected in the changes of the optical and electronic properties. The second method is to introduce a growth interruption after capping the QD with thin cap layers. It was shown that capping with AlAs leads to a well-developed alternative to control the QD height and thus the ground-state energies of the QD. A post-growth method modifying the QD properties ist rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Raising the RTA temperature causes a lifting of the QD energy states with respect to the GaAs band edge energy due to In/Ga intermixing processes. A further main part of this work covers the emission processes of charge carriers in QD. Thermal emission, thermally assisted tunneling, and pure tunneling emission are studied by capacitance transient spectroscopy techniques. In DLTS experiments a strong impact of the electric field on the activation energies of electrons was found interfering the correct determination of the QD level energies. This behaviour can be explained by a thermally assisted tunneling model. A modified model taking the Coulomb interaction of occupied QD into account describes the emission rates of the electrons. In order to avoid several emission pathes in the experiments

Differential neutralizing activities of a single domain camelid antibody (VHH specific for ricin toxin's binding subunit (RTB.

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Cristina Herrera

Full Text Available Ricin, a member of the A-B family of ribosome-inactivating proteins, is classified as a Select Toxin by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention because of its potential use as a biothreat agent. In an effort to engineer therapeutics for ricin, we recently produced a collection of alpaca-derived, heavy-chain only antibody VH domains (VHH or "nanobody" specific for ricin's enzymatic (RTA and binding (RTB subunits. We reported that one particular RTB-specific VHH, RTB-B7, when covalently linked via a peptide spacer to different RTA-specific VHHs, resulted in heterodimers like VHH D10/B7 that were capable of passively protecting mice against a lethal dose challenge with ricin. However, RTB-B7 itself, when mixed with ricin at a 1 ∶ 10 toxin:antibody ratio did not afford any protection in vivo, even though it had demonstrable toxin-neutralizing activity in vitro. To better define the specific attributes of antibodies associated with ricin neutralization in vitro and in vivo, we undertook a more thorough characterization of RTB-B7. We report that RTB-B7, even at 100-fold molar excess (toxin:antibody was unable to alter the toxicity of ricin in a mouse model. On the other hand, in two well-established cytotoxicity assays, RTB-B7 neutralized ricin with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50 that was equivalent to that of 24B11, a well-characterized and potent RTB-specific murine monoclonal antibody. In fact, RTB-B7 and 24B11 were virtually identical when compared across a series of in vitro assays, including adherence to and neutralization of ricin after the toxin was pre-bound to cell surface receptors. RTB-B7 differed from both 24B11 and VHH D10/B7 in that it was relatively less effective at blocking ricin attachment to receptors on host cells and was not able to form high molecular weight toxin:antibody complexes in solution. Whether either of these activities is important in ricin toxin neutralizing activity in vivo remains to be determined.

An epidemiological study on pattern of thoraco-abdominal injuries sustained in fatal road traffic accidents of Bangalore: Autopsy-based study.

Science.gov (United States)

Reddy, N Bayapa; Hanumantha; Madithati, Pallavi; Reddy, N Nagarjuna; Reddy, C Sainarasimha

2014-04-01

The statistical profile reflects a global estimate of 5.1 million deaths in 2000, which was due to injuries that accounted for 10% of deaths due to all causes. Out of this, a quarter of injury-related deaths occurred in the South-East Asian region. Road Traffic Accident (RTA) is one among the top 5 causes of morbidity and mortality in South-East Asian countries. Most common cause of blunt abdominal trauma in India is road traffic accident followed by pedestrian accidents, abdominal blows, and fall from heights. To analyze the epidemiology and pattern of fatal thoraco-abdominal injuries in road traffic accidents. An autopsy-based cross-sectional study conducted. A purposive sampling technique was applied to select the study sample of 100 post-mortems of road traffic accident between November 2008 and May 2010 subjected to medico-legal autopsy at the department of Forensic Medicine, KIMS Hospital Bangalore. The majority of the victims were aged 21 to 40 years, 50 (50.0%), most of the victims were male 92 (92.0%); and male/female ratio was 11.5:1. Commonest offending agents in heavy motor vehicles were 54 (54.0%). Bony cage sustained injuries were observed in 71; out of this, fractures of ribs were observed in 45 (63.3%) victims, clavicle in 14 (19.7%), sternum was 6 (8.4%), and vertebrae 6 (8.4%) of fatal road traffic accidents. Internal thoracic injuries were observed in 26 cases. Among internal thoracic injuries, lungs were the most commonly involved organ 24 (92.3%) followed by the heart 2 (7.6%). Lung sustained more lacerations 19 (79.1%) than contusions 5 (20.8%). Internal abdominal injuries were observed in 49 cases. In road traffic accidents, the most commonly injured abdominal organs were solid organs such as liver 16 (32.6%) followed by spleen 9 (18.3%). Majority of the times in road traffic accidents, young and productive males were injured or lost their life. This study may help the planners to take safety measures, to implement strict traffic rules, to

Low energy implantation of boron with decaborane ions

Science.gov (United States)

Albano, Maria Angela

The goal of this dissertation was to determine the feasibility of a novel approach to forming ultra shallow p-type junctions (tens of nm) needed for future generations of Si MOS devices. In the new approach, B dopant atoms are implanted by cluster ions obtained by ionization of decaborane (B 10H14) vapor. An experimental ion implanter with an electron impact ion source and magnetic mass separation was built at the Ion Beam and Thin Film Research Laboratory at NJIT. Beams of B10Hx+ ions with currents of a few microamperes and energies of 1 to 12 keV were obtained and used for implantation experiments. Profiles of B and H atoms implanted in Si were measured by Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) before and after rapid thermal annealing (RTA). From the profiles, the junction depth of 57 nm (at 1018 cm-3 B concentration) was obtained with 12 keV decaborane ions followed by RTA. The dose of B atoms that can be implanted at low energy into Si is limited by sputtering as the ion beam sputters both the matrix and the implanted atoms. As the number of sputtered B atoms increases with the implanted dose and approaches the number of the implanted atoms, equilibrium of B in Si is established. This effect was investigated by comparison of the B dose calculated from the ion beam integration with B content in the sample measured by Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA). Maximum (equilibrium) doses of 1.35 x 1016 B cm -2 and 2.67 x 1016 B cm-2 were obtained at the beam energies of 5 and 12 keV, respectively. The problem of forming shallow p-type junctions in Si is related not only to implantation depth, but also to transient enhanced diffusion (TED). TED in Si implanted with B10Hx+ was measured on boron doping superlattice (B-DSL) marker layers. It was found that TED, following decaborane implantation, is the same as with monomer B+ ion implantation of equivalent energy and that it decreases with the decreasing ion energy. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Self-assembled InAs quantum dots. Properties, modification and emission processes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schramm, A.

2007-01-01

In this thesis, structural, optical as well as electronic properties of self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QD) were studied by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), photoluminescence (PL), capacitance spectroscopy (CV) and capacitance transient spectroscopy (DLTS). The quantum dots were grown with molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and embedded in Schottky diodes for electrical characterization. In this work growth aspects as well as the electronic structures of QD were discussed. By varying the QD growth parameters it is possible to control the structural, and thus the optical and electronic properties of QD. Two methods are presented. Adjusting the QD growth temperature leads either to small QD with a high areal density or to high QDs with a low density. The structural changes of the QD are reflected in the changes of the optical and electronic properties. The second method is to introduce a growth interruption after capping the QD with thin cap layers. It was shown that capping with AlAs leads to a well-developed alternative to control the QD height and thus the ground-state energies of the QD. A post-growth method modifying the QD properties ist rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Raising the RTA temperature causes a lifting of the QD energy states with respect to the GaAs band edge energy due to In/Ga intermixing processes. A further main part of this work covers the emission processes of charge carriers in QD. Thermal emission, thermally assisted tunneling, and pure tunneling emission are studied by capacitance transient spectroscopy techniques. In DLTS experiments a strong impact of the electric field on the activation energies of electrons was found interfering the correct determination of the QD level energies. This behaviour can be explained by a thermally assisted tunneling model. A modified model taking the Coulomb interaction of occupied QD into account describes the emission rates of the electrons. In order to avoid several emission pathes in the experiments

Otoliths analysis of Mugil curema (Pisces: Mugilidae in Cuyutlan Lagoon, Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E. Espino-Barr

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Se analizaron la morfología, la morfometría y los anillos de crecimiento de los otolitos: sagitta, asteriscus y lapillus de la lebrancha o liseta Mugil curema de la Laguna de Cuyutlán, Colima, México; asimismo, se analizaron las diferencias entre derecho e izquierdo y entre sexos. Los ejemplares fueron obtenidos de la captura comercial en los meses de agosto a octubre de 2007, agosto de 2008 y julio de 2011. En todos los casos se observó que el crecimiento de los otolitos es excéntrico con respecto al núcleo. Las relaciones entre la longitud total del pez y la longitud y ancho de los otolitos demostraron que esta estructura puede usarse para describir el crecimiento del pez. Se identificaron seis anillos de crecimiento en las sagittae y asterisci: especímenes con dos anillos midieron 21.80 cm de longitud total (TL (± 1.41 desviación estándar, los de tres anillos 22.90 (± 0.91, con cuatro anillos midieron 25.30 (± 0.39, con cinco anillos 28.30 (± 0.78 y con seis anillos 31.10 cm (± 2.22. En los lapilli, debido a su gran grosor, no fue posible observar marcas de crecimiento. Durante la etapa inmadura, los otolitos de las hembras son de mayor tamaño, pero una vez que alcanzan la madurez sexual, los otolitos de los machos alcanzan longitudes mayores.

Presentación de tres casos de distrofia macular de North Carolina Presentation of three cases with North Carolina macular dystrophy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mavys Soto García

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Se presentan las características oftalmológicas de tres pacientes, dos hermanos varones y su padre con diagnóstico de distrofia macular de North Carolina. Este es un trastorno genético que produce degeneración macular congénita o de inicio precoz. Se caracteriza por una herencia autosómica dominante, con penetrancia completa, genéticamente mapeados en el cromosoma 6q16. Las lesiones son principalmente estacionarias. Las manifestaciones fundoscópicas varían. En estos pacientes predomina la lesión disciforme en área macular, disminución del grosor macular correspondiente con el coloboma macular, con idénticas particulares en los tres pacientes. La agudeza visual varía en rango de 0,6 a 0,2 en estos pacientes.The ophthalmological characteristics of three patients, two male siblings and their father, with diagnosis of North Carolina macular dystrophy were presented. This is a genetic dysfunction that causes congenital or early onset macular degeneration. It is characterized by a dominant autosomal heredity, with complete penetrance, genetically mapped in the chromosome 6q16. The lesions are mainly stationary. The funduscopic manifestations vary. The type of lesion is mainly stationary whereas funduscopic manifestations are varied. The dysciform lesion in the macular area and decrease of the macular thicness according to the macular coloboma prevailed, with identical particularities in the three patients. The visual acuity varied from 0.6 to 0.2.

Productividad y calidad del huevo de gallinas con niveles crecientes de harina de semilla de calabaza (Cucurbita maxima

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yordan Martínez Aguilar

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Un total de 160 gallinas ponedoras White Leghorn (Híbrido L-33 en pleno pico de potura, se ubicaron durante 91 días según diseño completamente aleatorizado, para evaluar el comportamiento productivo y la calidad del huevo. Se utilizaron cuatro tratamientos 0, 33, 66 y 100 g/kg de harina de semilla de calabaza, sustituyendo totalmente el aceite vegetal y parcial la torta de soya. Se tuvieron 20 repeticiones por tratamiento. No se evidenció morbilidad y mortalidad en las gallinas ponedoras con la inclusión de la semilla en las dietas. Además no se detectaron diferencias significativas (P>0.05 entre tratamientos para la producción de huevos, viabilidad, consumo de energía metabolizable y nutrientes (excepto para fibra cruda y extracto etéreo, peso del huevo, altura de la clara densa, altura de la yema, grosor de la cáscara, huevos no aptos y calidad sensorial del huevo (sabor, olor y textura. Para los tratamientos con 66 y 100 g/kg de harina de semilla de calabaza se observó un aumento en el peso final de las gallinas en 61 y 66 g, respectivamente en comparación con el tratamiento testigo. Los resultados obtenidos permiten recomendar la inclusión de hasta 100 g/kg de harina de semilla de calabaza en las dietas de gallinas ponedoras, sin alterar el comportamiento productivo y la calidad del huevo.

The impact of the accuracy of indicator diagrams on the heat release characteristics calculation, used in the diagnosis of marine diesel engine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Witkowski Kazimierz

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The paper analyzes the possibility to use the electronic type indicators in the diagnosis of marine engines. It has been shown that in-depth analysis of indicator diagrams would be useful – calculation of heat release characteristics. To make this possible, measuring indicated systems should meet a number of important requirements in or-der to ensure that they can be used for the diagnostic purposes. These includes: high precision sensors for the measurement of cylinder pressure, high speed and accuracy of measuring and recording of measured values. These also includes reliable determination of the top dead center piston (TDC. In order to demonstrate the impact of positional error TDC, simulation study was conducted in which indicated diagrams were used, obtained on a medium-speed four-stroke marine diesel engine type A25/30 and the low-speed two-stroke marine diesel engine type RTA76, Sulzer company.

A Public Health Perspective of Road Traffic Accidents

Science.gov (United States)

Gopalakrishnan, S.

2012-01-01

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) have emerged as an important public health issue which needs to be tackled by a multi-disciplinary approach. The trend in RTA injuries and death is becoming alarming in countries like India. The number of fatal and disabling road accident happening is increasing day by day and is a real public health challenge for all the concerned agencies to prevent it. The approach to implement the rules and regulations available to prevent road accidents is often ineffective and half-hearted. Awareness creation, strict implementation of traffic rules, and scientific engineering measures are the need of the hour to prevent this public health catastrophe. This article is intended to create awareness among the health professionals about the various modalities available to prevent road accidents and also to inculcate a sense of responsibility toward spreading the message of road safety as a good citizen of our country. PMID:24479025

Gray AAF, Fort Lewis, Lacey, Washington. Revised Uniform Summary of Surface Weather Observations (RUSSWO). Parts A-F

Science.gov (United States)

1979-02-23

99.6Jjj 2 9, 1 99.199.09 10 TOTAL NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS . . FOr USAFETAC ,Ś. 0-14-5 (OL 1) RtA0U$ tD fl0NSOFTK$ t APE OB$I(X/I .. " • ) ,;Tt...42,6 430 43.7 43,9 449:o 45.) 45. 45.21 45.8 45. Q, 46.51 46.5 4bd 47.1 A 4500 37t9 43,8 44,9 45,7 46,5 46,7 47,6 48o 40,3 41,9 49.0 491 49.7 4q,7 50.0...YEAP I I 2 MONTHS td 2𔃾 30 10 31 41~ 33 -02ro’. 4 3) 7 33 4 21 1( 1 -T.41 --Z4 +4 . - .. 17 2 -,-ś 29 3. 45 45 7 Z • 7 19 3Q 31 4 ’ 34 34 ?7 74 -- 1

Analysis and calibration of transient enhanced diffusion for an indium impurity in a nanoscale semiconductor device

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Jun-Ha; Lee, Hoong-Joo

2005-01-01

We developed a new systematic calibration procedure which was applied to the prediction of the diffusivity, the segregation, and transient enhanced diffusion (TED) of an indium impurity. The TED of the indium impurity was studied using four different experimental conditions. Although indium is susceptible to TED, rapid thermal annealing (RTA) is effective in suppressing the TED effect and maintaining a steep retrograde profile. Like boron impurities, the indium shows significant oxidation-enhanced diffusion in silicon and has segregation coefficients much less than 1 at the Si/SiO 2 interface. In contrast to boron, the segregation coefficient of indium decreases as the temperature increases. The accuracy of the proposed procedure was validated by using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) data and by using the 0.13-μm device characteristics, such as V th and I dsat , for which the differences between simulation and experiment less than 5 %.

Improved Ohmic-contact to AlGaN/GaN using Ohmic region recesses by self-terminating thermal oxidation assisted wet etching technique

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, H.; Zhu, L.; Wu, W.

2017-06-01

Lower Ti/Al/Ni/Au Ohmic contact resistance on AlGaN/GaN with wider rapid thermal annealing (RTA) temperature window was achieved using recessed Ohmic contact structure based on self-terminating thermal oxidation assisted wet etching technique (STOAWET), in comparison with conventional Ohmic contacts. Even at lower temperature such as 650°C, recessed structure by STOAWET could still obtain Ohmic contact with contact resistance of 1.97Ω·mm, while conventional Ohmic structure mainly featured as Schottky contact. Actually, both Ohmic contact recess and mesa isolation processes could be accomplished by STOAWET in one process step and the process window of STOAWET is wide, simplifying AlGaN/GaN HEMT device process. Our experiment shows that the isolation leakage current by STOAWET is about one order of magnitude lower than that by inductivity coupled plasma (ICP) performed on the same wafer.

The Southern African Development Community Trade Legal Instruments Compliance with Certain Criteria of GATT Article XXIV

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A Saurombe

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Article XXIV of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT lays down the legal principles with which regional trade agreements have to conform. Based on these principles, WTO members have the mandate to determine the legality of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs under the GATT. Article XXIV permits both regional and bilateral preferential trade agreements leading to the formation of customs unions and free trade areas, and seeks to integrate them in the multilateral trading system envisioned for the world. SADC is an RTA created under this Article. Notwithstanding the controversies surrounding the provisions and interpretation of Article XXIV, this paper seeks to establish the extent to which the SADC Protocol on Trade and free trade area comply with WTO rules. An analysis of selected Article XXIV provisions and the SADC Trade Protocol provisions will be undertaken in trying to establish this compliance.

Infection-Induced Retrotransposon-Derived Noncoding RNAs Enhance Herpesviral Gene Expression via the NF-κB Pathway.

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John Karijolich

Full Text Available Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs are highly abundant, RNA polymerase III-transcribed noncoding retrotransposons that are silenced in somatic cells but activated during certain stresses including viral infection. How these induced SINE RNAs impact the host-pathogen interaction is unknown. Here we reveal that during murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68 infection, rapidly induced SINE RNAs activate the antiviral NF-κB signaling pathway through both mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS-dependent and independent mechanisms. However, SINE RNA-based signaling is hijacked by the virus to enhance viral gene expression and replication. B2 RNA expression stimulates IKKβ-dependent phosphorylation of the major viral lytic cycle transactivator protein RTA, thereby enhancing its activity and increasing progeny virion production. Collectively, these findings suggest that SINE RNAs participate in the innate pathogen response mechanism, but that herpesviruses have evolved to co-opt retrotransposon activation for viral benefit.

Structural and electrical properties of epitaxial Si layers prepared by E-beam evaporation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dogan, P. [Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin, Kekulestr. 5, 12489 Berlin (Germany)], E-mail: pinar.dogan@hmi.de; Rudigier, E.; Fenske, F.; Lee, K.Y.; Gorka, B.; Rau, B.; Conrad, E.; Gall, S. [Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin, Kekulestr. 5, 12489 Berlin (Germany)

2008-08-30

In this work, we present structural and electrical properties of thin Si films which are homoepitaxially grown at low substrate temperatures (T{sub s} 450-700 deg. C) by high-rate electron beam evaporation. As substrates, monocrystalline Si wafers with (100) and (111) orientations and polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) seed layers on glass were used. Applying Secco etching, films grown on Si(111) wafers exhibit a decreasing etch pit density with increasing T{sub s}. The best structural quality of the films was obtained on Si(100) wafers. Defect etching on epitaxially grown poly-Si absorbers reveal regions with different crystalline quality. Solar cells have been prepared on both wafers and seed layers. Applying Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) and Hydrogen plasma passivation an open circuit voltage of 570 mV for wafer based and 346 mV for seed layer based solar cells have been reached.

Autofluorescencia de fondo en pacientes con coriorretinopatía serosa central Fundus autofluorescence in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy

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Eva R Santana Alas

2010-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Describir las características de la autofluorescencia de fondo en pacientes con coriorretinopatía serosa central y determinar su relación con las alteraciones funcionales y anatómicas de la región macular. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, transversal en 21 ojos (21 pacientes con coriorretinopatia serosa central en diferentes estadios evolutivos. Se identificó el patrón de autofluorescencia en el área de desprendimiento neurosensorial, se usó el angiógrafo retinal de Heidelberg a 30°. Con la tomografía de coherencia óptica, se midió el grosor macular central y se describieron los cambios anatómicos. A 12 de los pacientes se les realizó angiografía fluoresceínica en el Angiógrafo Retinal de Heidelberg. RESULTADOS: Se encontró hipoautofluorescencia en el 51,90 %, hiperautofluorescencia en el 42,86 %; coexisten ambos en el 4,76 %. No hubo diferencia significativa entre la hiperautofluorescencia y la hipoautofluorescencia en cuanto a agudeza visual mejor corregida (media de 0,43 y 0,49, respectivamente; p= 0,184, ni respecto al grosor macular central (media de 371,3 µm y 388,1 µm, respectivamente; p= 0,867, pero sí entre el tiempo de evolución y el patrón de autofluorescencia, (p= 0, 023. En ojos con hiperautofluorescencia se observó por tomografía de coherencia óptica irregularidad en capas externas y en epitelio pigmentario de la retina. El 83,3 % de los casos que requirieron angiografía fluoresceínica presentaron hiperfluorescencia que coincidió con la hipoautofluorescencia del sitio de fuga. CONCLUSIONES: En la coriorretinopatía serosa central se encuentran diferentes patrones de autofluorescencia, los que reflejan cambios en la retina externa y epitelio pigmentario de la retina. La autofluorescencia puede ayudar a identificar el sitio de difusión focal en el epitelio pigmentario de la retina.OBJECTIVES: To describe the peculiarities of the Fundus Autofluorecense in patiens with Central Serous

Respuestas foliares de Aristotelia chilensis (Molina Stuntz (Elaeocarpaceae a la fragmentación del bosque maulino Leaf responses of Aristotelia chilensis (Molina Stuntz (Elaeocarpaceae to the fragmentation of the Maulino forest

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FIORELLA REPETTO-GIAVELLI

2007-12-01

Full Text Available La fragmentación que ha sufrido el bosque nativo de Chile debido a la fuerte presión antrópica ha causado, además de la grave pérdida de habitat, la modificación del microclima de los parches de bosque remanente que alguna vez constituyeron un bosque continuo de especies nativas. Estos cambios generarían respuestas morfológicas, químicas y fisiológicas en plantas capaces de adaptarse a las nuevas condiciones. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar respuestas a nivel de las hojas ante el aumento de radiación solar y disminución de agua en el suelo que ocurre al interior de los fragmentos. Para esto utilizamos a Aristotelia chilensis, especie que crece tanto en fragmentos como en bosque continuo, y comparamos parámetros relacionados a su morfología foliar en bosque y fragmentos y medimos su repercusión en la capacidad fotosintética de A. chilensis. En términos morfológicos, se observó una disminución del área foliar y del área foliar específica en los fragmentos, siendo 1,2 veces menor que en el bosque continuo. En los fragmentos, el grosor de la epidermis y del parénquima esponjoso son más de 1,3 veces mas gruesos que en el bosque continuo. El grosor del parénquima en empalizada, en cambio, no se vio modificado. La cantidad de nitrógeno en las hojas es 1,2 veces mayor en el bosque continuo que en los fragmentos, mientras que el contenido de carbono no varía. La conductancia estomática en el bosque continuo fue 1,5 veces mayor que en los fragmentos. Aristotelia chilensis responde morfológica y fisiológicamente ante los cambios abióticos generados por la fragmentación de los bosques, lo que le permite sobrevivir tanto en ambientes de baja luminosidad como el bosque continuo y en ambientes de alta luminosidad y bajo contenido hídrico como los fragmentos de bosque, manteniendo tasas fotosintéticas semejantes en ambos ambientesFragmentation of the Maulino forest implies significant habitat loss, as well as the

Germinación del coco con tres tipos de cortes en Sandy Bay Sirpi, Costa Caribe Sur de Nicaragua

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Jhovany Jhoel Hooker Medina

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Se ha evaluado la germinación del coco criollo (Cocos nucifera, utilizando 3 tipos de cortes (horizontal, transversal, vertical, en Sandy Bay Sirpi, municipio Desembocadura del Río Grande, el experimento fue unifactorial con un Diseño Experimental de Bloques Completamente al Azar (BCA, con 4 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas: tiempo promedio, porcentaje de germinación y de mortalidad entre los tratamientos y susceptibilidad al ataque de plagas y enfermedades, características morfológicas (tamaño embrión, grosor de hojas, tamaño raíces, las variables se sometieron a un análisis de varianza con un 95 por ciento de confianza. El mayor porcentaje de germinación de las nueces lo presento corte vertical con un porcentaje del 95, el segundo de corte transversal 83, seguido del corte horizontal 76 y testigo con 50: todos evaluados con una muestra de 60 nueces con los diferentes tratamientos. En índice de mortalidad a los 135 días de establecidos lo obtuvo el T4 (corte vertical con el porcentaje del 5; seguido por T3 (corte transversal con 16; T2 (corte horizontal con 23; y, T1 (testigo con 50. Respecto a la morfología el T4 obtuvo mejores promedios, tamaño del embrión (53.71 cm, grosor de hojas (5.72 cm, tamaño de raíces (29.55 cm, seguido el T3, T2 y T1. Se determinó que el mejor tratamiento para acelerar la germinación de la variedad del coco criollo Alto del Atlántico, corte vertical (T4, presentó mejores características y mayor cantidad de nueces germinadas en menos tiempo promedio. Abstract The germination of the native coconut (Cocos nucifera was evaluated using 3 types of cuts (horizontal, transversal, vertical at Sandy Bay Sirpi, Rio Grande estuary municipality, the experiment was univariate with an Experimental Block Design (BCA, with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. The variables evaluated: mean time, percentage of germination and mortality among treatments and susceptibility to attack of pests and

Relación entre la prolactina y la retinopatía diabética Relation between prolactin and diabetic retinopathy

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Felipe Santana Pérez

2013-04-01

Full Text Available La retinopatía diabética, como forma de microangiopatía, se caracteriza por la pérdida de los pericitos y de las células endoteliales, lo que conlleva a una alteración de la permeabilidad de los capilares retinianos. El factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular estimula directamente el desarrollo de la vasculatura interna y externa del ojo, y actúa además como un factor de permeabilidad vascular. Por lo general, en condiciones naturales, existe un equilibrio entre las moléculas promotoras y las inhibidoras de la angiogénesis; sin embargo, cuando estas condiciones son alteradas, como sucede durante los episodios de hipoxia o inflamación, este equilibrio se rompe, e inclina la balanza hacia la formación de vasos anormales que se extienden y sangran dentro del vítreo, y pueden provocar el desprendimiento de la retina, con la consiguiente pérdida de la visión. Se han desarrollado algunos medicamentos antiangiogénicos que reducen la expresión del factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular y del factor de crecimiento del tejido conectivo en las células del epitelio retiniano expuestas al estrés oxidativo. Se ha avanzado también en el desarrollo de otros medicamentos con acción antiangiogénica, con gran efectividad en su uso, solos o combinados con fotocoagulación láser y cirugía, pero son muy costosos, solo disponibles en centros muy especializados, y la vía de administración es intravítrea. En la actualidad se conoce que la hormona hipofisaria prolactina, puede prevenir la progresión y promover la regresión de la retinopatía diabética a través de su conversión proteolítica a vasoinhibinas, en particular, la fracción de menor peso molecular (16 kDa-Prolactina, con importante acción antiangiogénica, bloqueando la estimulación de la angiogénesis inducida por varios factores, como el factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular, y el factor de crecimiento fibroblástico en la proliferación de las c

Intravitreal ranibizumab and bevacizumab for the treatment of nonsubfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration Ranibizumab e bevacizumab intravítreo no tratamento da neovascularização de coróide extrafoveal da degeneração macular relacionada à idade

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Aaron Brock Roller

2009-10-01

: The use of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents for nonsubfoveal CNV in AMD is effective. Our results are comparable to published results from large-scale trials of anti-VEGF therapy for subfoveal CNV. Our data support the idea that bevacizumab or ranibizumab appear to be the treatment of choice for AMD patients with nonsubfoveal CNV.OBJETIVO: Investigar a eficácia dos anti-angiogênicos ranibizumab e bevacizumab injetados intravítreo, no tratamento de pacientes com neovascularização de coróide extrafoveal em degeneração macular relacionada à idade. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 13 pacientes com neovascularização de coróide extrafoveal em degeneração macular relacionada à idade do Setor de Retina e Vítreo do Departamento de Oftalmologia da Universidade de Iowa, Estados Unidos, que foram tratados por meio de injeção vítrea de ranibizumab e bevacizumab separadamente, em um período de dois anos. Após as injeções iniciais os pacientes foram acompanhados por exames de OCT e as injeções foram repetidas com 4 a 8 semanas dependendo da presença de líquido sub-retiniano e macular. RESULTADOS: Doze pacientes tiveram ganhos de linhas de visão se comparados com a visão antes do tratamento. Onze pacientes tiveram redução do espessamento retiniano na área envolvida pelo CNV e diminuição e resolução do espessamento macular na sua visita final de avaliação. Um paciente (8% perdeu uma linha de visão se comparado à visão prévia ao tratamento. Pacientes tratados com o ranibizumab tiveram em média 2,5 ± 0,7 ganhos de linhas de visão. Pacientes tratados com bevacizumab tiveram em média 1,6 ± ganhos de linhas de visão. CONCLUSÃO: No tratamento de pacientes com a neovascularização de coróide extrafoveal em degeneração macular relacionada à idade, a injeção vítrea de ranibizumab ou bevacizumab é efetiva e pode ser a opção de escolha.

Gettering effect in grain boundaries of multi-crystalline silicon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nouri, H.; Bouaicha, M.; Ben Rabha, M.; Bessais, B. [Laboratoire de Photovoltaique, Centre de Recherches et des Technologies de l' Energie, Technopole de Borj-Cedria, BP 95, Hammam-Lif 2050 (Tunisia)

2012-10-15

In this work, we analyze the effect of three gettering procedures on the variation of the grain boundaries (GBs) defect density in multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si). The effective defect density (N{sup B}) was calculated using a theoretical model where we consider the potential barrier induced by the GB as being due to structural defects and impurities. Results are compared to those obtained from C-V measurements. The potential barrier was evaluated from the dark current-voltage (I-V) characteristic performed across the GB. In addition to the Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA), we use aluminum (Al) in the first gettering procedure, in the second we use porous silicon (PS), whereas in the third one, we realize a chemical damage (grooving). Mc-Si wafers were annealed in an infrared furnace in the same conditions, at temperatures ranging from 600 C to 1000 C (copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Azimuthal anisotropy in heavy-ion collisions using non-extensive statistics in Boltzmann transport equation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tripathy, S.; Tiwari, S.K.; Younus, M.; Sahoo, R.

2017-01-01

One of the major goals in heavy-ion physics is to understand the properties of Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), a deconfined hot and dense state of quarks and gluons existed shortly after the Big Bang. In the present scenario, the high-energy particle accelerators are able to reach energies where this extremely dense nuclear matter can be probed for a short time. Here, we follow our earlier works which use non-extensive statistics in Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE). We represent the initial distribution of particles with the help of Tsallis power law distribution parameterized by the nonextensive parameter q and the Tsallis temperature T, remembering the fact that their origin is due to hard scatterings. We use the initial distribution (f in ) with Relaxation Time Approximation (RTA) of the BTE and calculate the final distribution (f fin ). Then we calculate ν 2 of the system using the final distribution in the definition of ν2

Electron Beam Induced Radiation Damage of the Semiconductor Radiation Detector based on Silicon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Han Soo; Kim, Yong Kyun; Park, Se Hwan; Haa, Jang Ho; Kang, Sang Mook; Chung, Chong Eun; Cho, Seung Yeon; Park, Ji Hyun; Yoon, Tae Hyung

2005-01-01

A Silicon Surface Barrier (SSB) semiconductor detector which is generally used to detect a charged particle such as an alpha particle was developed. The performance of the developed SSB semiconductor detector was measured with an I-V curve and an alpha spectrum. The response for an alpha particle was measured by Pu-238 sources. A SSB semiconductor detector was irradiated firstly at 30sec, at 30μA and secondly 40sec, 40μA with a 2MeV pulsed electron beam generator in KAERI. And the electron beam induced radiation damage of a homemade SSB detector and the commercially available PIN photodiode were investigated. An annealing effect of the damaged SSB and PIN diode detector were also investigated using a Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA). This data may assist in designing the silicon based semiconductor radiation detector when it is operated in a high radiation field such as space or a nuclear power plant

Heavy metal contents of road-deposited sediment along the urban-rural gradient around Beijing and its potential contribution to runoff pollution.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Hongtao; Li, Xuyong; Wang, Xiaomei

2011-09-01

Understanding the contribution of road-deposited sediment (RDS) and its washoff process is essential for controlling urban runoff pollution. Ninety-seven RDS samples were collected along the urban-suburban-rural gradient from areas of five administrative units in the Beijing metropolitan region, including central urban (UCA), urban village (UVA), central suburban county (CSA), rural town (RTA), and rural village (RVA) areas. RDS washoff was evaluated with different particle sizes using a rainfall simulator. Heavy metal elements (i.e., Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were estimated in both RDS and runoff samples. The RDS mass per unit area increased in the order UCA (21 ± 24 g/m(2)) ≈ CSA (20 ± 16 g/m(2)) runoff pollution contributions per unit area. Our findings imply that controlling the first flush in the UCA and CSA, and improving existing street cleaning methods and road surface conditions in the TRA, UVA, and RVA will be appropriate strategies for controlling runoff pollution from RDS.

Magnētisku dipolu rotācijas inducēta šķidra metāla kustības eksperimentāla izpēte

OpenAIRE

Beinerts, Toms

2009-01-01

Darba mērķis ir eksperimentāli izpētīt inducēto šķidrā metāla kustību no rotējošiem cilindriskiem magnētiem, kuru magnetizācija vērta ortogonāli asij. Darbā tiek izpētīta pasaulē vel nekur nerealizēta magnētiskā sistēma, ar mērķi noskaidrot vai šādus magnētus var lietot efektīvai šķidro metālu maisīšanai. Tika izveidota eksperimentā ierīce, kas ļāva nomērīt inducētās šķidrā metālā kustības ātrumu atkarībā no magnētu rotācijas frekvences un attāluma starp magnētiem un šķidrā metāla rezervuāru....

Microstructural evolution of all-wet-processed CIGS films using Raman spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Choi, Hee Soo; Choi, Eunmi; Kim, Areum; Pyo, Sung Gyu [School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-Dong, Seoul, 156-756 (Korea, Republic of); Yoon, Sung Pil [Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791 (Korea, Republic of)

2014-08-15

We report a wet process deposition in order to identify a cost-effective processing scheme for CuIn{sub 1-x}Ga{sub x}Se{sub 2} (CIGS) layers on molybdenum/soda lime glass substrates from a Cu-In-Ga precursor solution. We employed a spin coater at various settings to evaluate the uniformity of the resulting CIGS solar cell layer. After the CIGS precursor film was deposited, we applied a selenization process. In the selenization process, we used a controlled temperature RTA system and compared it to a noncontrolled temperature system. We investigated the morphological properties for different selenization temperature treatments. We used Raman mapping to detect binary compounds and found the binary compound effect on the film. Raman mapping results show that the density of the binary compound in the CIGS layer increased with selenization temperature, and at 600 C, the density of the binary compounds was highest. (copyright 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

A Public Health Perspective of Road Traffic Accidents

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S Gopalakrishnan

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Road traffic accidents (RTAs have emerged as an important public health issue which needs to be tackled by a multi-disciplinary approach. The trend in RTA injuries and death is becoming alarming in countries like India. The number of fatal and disabling road accident happening is increasing day by day and is a real public health challenge for all the concerned agencies to prevent it. The approach to implement the rules and regulations available to prevent road accidents is often ineffective and half-hearted. Awareness creation, strict implementation of traffic rules, and scientific engineering measures are the need of the hour to prevent this public health catastrophe. This article is intended to create awareness among the health professionals about the various modalities available to prevent road accidents and also to inculcate a sense of responsibility toward spreading the message of road safety as a good citizen of our country.

Designing cost efficient buffer zone programs: An application of the FyrisSKZ tool in a Swedish catchment.

Science.gov (United States)

Collentine, Dennis; Johnsson, Holger; Larsson, Peter; Markensten, Hampus; Persson, Kristian

2015-03-01

Riparian buffer zones are the only measure which has been used extensively in Sweden to reduce phosphorus losses from agricultural land. This paper describes how the FyrisSKZ web tool can be used to evaluate allocation scenarios using data from the Svärta River, an agricultural catchment located in central Sweden. Three scenarios are evaluated: a baseline, a uniform 6-m-wide buffer zone in each sub-catchment, and an allocation of areas of buffer zones to sub-catchments based on the average cost of reduction. The total P reduction increases by 30 % in the second scenario compared to the baseline scenario, and the average reduction per hectare increases by 90 % while total costs of the program fall by 32 %. In the third scenario, the average cost per unit of reduction (163 kg P(-1)) is the lowest of the three scenarios (58 % lower than the baseline) and has the lowest total program costs.

Further development of the radioimmunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen and the use of the measurement of the carcinoembryonic antigen in stools. Weiterentwicklung des Radioimmunoassay fuer carcino-embryonales Antigen und Anwendung auf die Messung von carcino-embryonalem Antigen im Stuhl

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Britsch, R F

1982-01-01

A specific, direct CEA-RTA is presented with sequential saturation and double antibody separation and using guinea pig CEA anti-serums, whose isolated CEA was marked with /sup 125/I for tracer production and used as was for a CEA standard. This RIA was tested on serum from patients with colorectal and stomach-esophagus carcinomas and from healthy persons, whereby it showed a good sensitivity in comparison to control serums on the market. CEA is also present in a high concentration in the stools, however very nonhomogeneously distributed, by patients as well as healthy persons. An increased stool CEA value does not necessarily indicate a carcinomatic disease or even a preliminary stage. During a screening a carcinomatic intestinal disorder should not be looked for intensively unless there are first several positive stool CEA values or additional positive blood evidence in the stool. Simultaneously carried out determinations of serum and stool CEA allows for the discovery of more patients as the use of only one. (TRV)

Influence of Thermal Annealing Treatment on Bipolar Switching Properties of Vanadium Oxide Thin-Film Resistance Random-Access Memory Devices

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Kai-Huang; Cheng, Chien-Min; Kao, Ming-Cheng; Chang, Kuan-Chang; Chang, Ting-Chang; Tsai, Tsung-Ming; Wu, Sean; Su, Feng-Yi

2017-04-01

The bipolar switching properties and electrical conduction mechanism of vanadium oxide thin-film resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices obtained using a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process have been investigated in high-resistive status/low-resistive status (HRS/LRS) and are discussed herein. In addition, the resistance switching properties and quality improvement of the vanadium oxide thin-film RRAM devices were measured by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, x-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and current-voltage ( I- V) measurements. The activation energy of the hopping conduction mechanism in the devices was investigated based on Arrhenius plots in HRS and LRS. The hopping conduction distance and activation energy barrier were obtained as 12 nm and 45 meV, respectively. The thermal annealing process is recognized as a candidate method for fabrication of thin-film RRAM devices, being compatible with integrated circuit technology for nonvolatile memory devices.

Strain Distribution of Au and Ag Nanoparticles Embedded in Al2O3 Thin Film

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Honghua Huang

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Au and Ag nanoparticles embedded in amorphous Al2O3 matrix are fabricated by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD method and rapid thermal annealing (RTA technique, which are confirmed by the experimental high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM results, respectively. The strain distribution of Au and Ag nanoparticles embedded in the Al2O3 matrix is investigated by the finite-element (FE calculations. The simulation results clearly indicate that both the Au and Ag nanoparticles incur compressive strain by the Al2O3 matrix. However, the compressive strain existing on the Au nanoparticle is much weaker than that on the Ag nanoparticle. This phenomenon can be attributed to the reason that Young’s modulus of Au is larger than that of Ag. This different strain distribution of Au and Ag nanoparticles in the same host matrix may have a significant influence on the technological potential applications of the Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles.

The dam in Garganta del Ciervo, 12th century (Segura de la Sierra, Jaén, España: contributions to Andalusian hydraulic engineering | La presa de la Garganta del Ciervo, s. XII (Segura de la Sierra, Jaén, España: aportaciones a la ingeniería hidráulica andalusí

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Vicente Salvatierra Cuenca

2016-12-01

Full Text Available In this text we analyze a remarkable Islamic dam located in Sierra de Segura, dated from the 12th century. The size of the dam, 11 m high and 9 m thick, its location in a mostly flat area, the technique used to build it, the reservoir that it created, etc. makes dams a very singular element among the irrigation architecture in Al-Andalus. In addition to describing the dam, we also intend to discuss to which point the purpose of this structure was truly different from what was usually done at that time, and, therefore, if it means both a technological and social change, or if its configuration hid other objectives. | En este texto analizamos una notable presa islámica localizada en la Sierra de Segura, fechada en el siglo XII. Su envergadura, 11 m de altura y 9 m de grosor, su situación en una zona sustancialmente llana, su técnica de fabricación, el pantano que generaba, etc. la convierten en principio en un elemento muy atípico dentro de la arquitectura de regadío andalusí. Además de realizar su descripción, nos proponemos discutir hasta qué punto la finalidad de esta estructura era realmente diferente a lo que se hacía en la época, y si supone por tanto un cambio tecnológico y social. O si su configuración escondía otros objetivos.

Membrana. Límite, conflicto y complicidad en la arquitectura de Livio Vacchini

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Laia Vives Arnella

2014-10-01

Full Text Available El confín entre el vacío interior y exterior es la fuerza de la arquitectura de Livio Vacchini. Este límite es estructura, es grosor, es detalle que se pone en evidencia con la luz. En él parecen reconocerse sus principios, reglas y técnicas de con­strucción que varían en función de si es un edificio de ámbito público o privado. La comparación de dos de sus proyectos, Gimnasio de Losone y Casa Costa, permite mostrar la obra y el pensamiento de Livio Vacchini y cómo lo afronta en función de la tipología. En los dos ejemplos, el esqueleto estructural se muestra en el exterior con toda su potencia, dándole la dignidad arquitectónica que se merece, y le libera de la función. Livio Vacchini coloca la estructura en el ámbito del concepto del proyecto y asume la composición formal del edificio. Es el elemento primario y está privado de cualquier elemento predominante, presenta una forma ideal dentro de un conjunto mayor, la repetición ordenada de la pieza le da un carácter monumental desde el exterior. Mientras, en su interior, la escala humana se establece a través del Modulor de Le Corbusier y cada una de sus piezas tiene una adecuada propor­ción en sí misma

HERBICIDAS PARA EL CONTROL DE Spermacoce tenuior L EN PAPAYA (Carica papaya

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Antonio Bogantes-Arias

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de determinar la eficacia de varios herbicidas en el control de Spermacoce tenuior y otras arvenses en papa ya, se realizó un ensayo en el 2007, en una plantación de papa ya "Pococí" ubicada en Guápiles, en el Ca ribe de Costa Ri ca. La primera etapa consistió en la evaluación de seis tratamie ntos posemergentes (1. Glifosato 24 SL, 2. Glifosato 68 SG , 3. Glifosato 24 SL + carfentrazone 24 EC , 4. Glifosato 68 SG + carfentrazone 24 EC , 5. Glifosato 24 SL + metsulfurón metil 60 WG, 6. Glifosato 24 SL + oxifluorfen 24 EC. En la segunda etapa se evaluaron tres preemergentes (1. Orizalina 75 WP, 2. Oxifluorfen 12 EC, 3. Acetaclor 90 EC; distribuidos en bloques al azar. Se evaluó la cobertura de especie s antes y después de la aplicación, daño al cultivo, altura y grosor de plantas de papa ya. El tratamie nto posemergente glifosato (0,94 kg i.a./ ha + metsulfurón (16 g i.a./ha en aplicación dirigida, mostró el mejor control de malezas a partir de la segunda y hasta la sexta semana después de la aplicación (SDA, sin observarse daño en el cultivo. El herbicida preemergente orizalina (3 kg i.a./ha mostró el mejor control de Spermacoce tenuior hasta las 14 SDA tanto en el lomillo como en la rodaja. No se observó fitotoxidad en el cultivo.

Trichoderma harzianum como promotor del crecimiento vegetal del maracuyá (Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa Degener

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Cubillos-Hinojosa Juan

2009-04-01

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Se realizó un experimento en condiciones de laboratorio e invernadero, con el propósito de evaluar el efecto de la cepa nativa TCN-014 y la cepa comercial TCC-005 de Trichoderma harzianum sobre la germinación y el crecimiento temprano del maracuyá. Se adecuaron inóculos de 104, 106 y 108 conidias/mL para cada cepa y se aplicaron a semillas de maracuyá; se evaluó el número de semillas germinadas durante 15 días; se calculó el porcentaje de germinación, el índice de velocidad de germinación y el tiempo medio de germinación. Posteriormente las semillas germinadas se llevaron a condiciones de invernadero y transcurridos dos meses se midió la altura de las plántulas, el grosor del tallo, el número de hojas, la longitud de la raíz y el peso seco total. Todos los tratamientos estimularon la germinación de las semillas y el desarrollo de las plántulas; sin embargo la cepa nativa en concentraciones 106 y 108 conidias/mL mostró resultados superiores frente a la cepa comercial. Los resultados sugieren una acción efectiva de T. harzianum como promotor de crecimiento vegetal, mostrando que tiene potencial para la elaboración de un bioproducto útil para el manejo ecológico del cultivo de maracuyá.

[The significance of the results of crash-tests with the use of the models of the pedestrians' lower extremities for the prevention of the traffic road accidents].

Science.gov (United States)

Smirenin, S A; Fetisov, V A; Grigoryan, V G; Gusarov, A A; Kucheryavets, Yu O

The disabling injuries inflicted during road traffic accidents (RTA) create a serious challenge for the public health services and are at the same time a major socio-economic problem in the majority of the countries throughout the world. The injuries to the lower extremities of the pedestrians make up the largest fraction of the total number of the non-lethal RTA injuries. Most of them are responsible for the considerable deterioration of the quality of life for the participants in the accidents during the subsequent period. The objective of the present study was to summarize the currently available results of experimental testing of the biomechanical models of the pedestrians' lower extremities in the framework of the program for the prevention of the road traffic accidents as proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2004). The European Enhanced Safety Vehicle Committee (EEVC) has developed a series of crash-tests with the use of the models of the pedestrians' lower extremities simulating the vehicle bumper-pedestrian impact. The models are intended for the assessment of the risk of the tibia fractures and the injuries to the knee joint ligaments. The experts of EEVC proposed the biomechanical criteria for the acceleration of the knee and talocrural parts of the lower limbs as well as for the shear displacement of the knee and knee-bending angle. The engineering solution of this problem is based on numerous innovation proposals being implemented in the machine-building industry with the purpose of reducing the stiffness of structural elements of the bumper and other front components of a modern vehicle designed to protect the pedestrians from severe injuries that can be inflicted in the road traffic accidents. The activities of the public health authorities (in the first place, bureaus of forensic medical expertise and analogous facilities) have a direct bearing on the solution of the problem of control of road traffic injuries because they are possessed of

Human kidney anion exchanger 1 interacts with adaptor-related protein complex 1 μ1A (AP-1 mu1A)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sawasdee, Nunghathai; Junking, Mutita; Ngaojanlar, Piengpaga; Sukomon, Nattakan; Ungsupravate, Duangporn; Limjindaporn, Thawornchai; Akkarapatumwong, Varaporn; Noisakran, Sansanee; Yenchitsomanus, Pa-thai

2010-01-01

Research highlights: → Trafficking defect of kAE1 is a cause of dRTA but trafficking pathway of kAE1 has not been clearly described. → Adaptor-related protein complex 1 μ1A (AP-1 mu1A) was firstly reported to interact with kAE1. → The interacting site for AP-1 mu1A on Ct-kAE1 was found to be Y904DEV907, a subset of YXXO motif. → AP-1 mu1A knockdown showed a marked reduction of kAE1 on the cell membrane and its accumulation in endoplasmic reticulum. → AP-1 mu1A has a critical role in kAE1 trafficking to the plasma membrane. -- Abstract: Kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1) mediates chloride (Cl - ) and bicarbonate (HCO 3 - ) exchange at the basolateral membrane of kidney α-intercalated cells. Impaired trafficking of kAE1 leads to defect of the Cl - /HCO 3 - exchange at the basolateral membrane and failure of proton (H + ) secretion at the apical membrane, causing a kidney disease - distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). To gain a better insight into kAE1 trafficking, we searched for proteins physically interacting with the C-terminal region of kAE1 (Ct-kAE1), which contains motifs crucial for intracellular trafficking, by a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) system. An adaptor-related protein complex 1 μ1A (AP-1 mu1A) subunit was found to interact with Ct-kAE1. The interaction between either Ct-kAE1 or full-length kAE1 and AP-1 mu1A were confirmed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T by co-immunoprecipitation, affinity co-purification, co-localization, yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-based protein fragment complementation assay (PCA) and GST pull-down assay. The interacting site for AP-1 mu1A on Ct-kAE1 was found to be Y904DEV907, a subset of YXXO motif. Interestingly, suppression of endogenous AP-1 mu1A in HEK 293T by small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased membrane localization of kAE1 and increased its intracellular accumulation, suggesting for the first time that AP-1 mu1A is involved in the kAE1 trafficking of kidney α-intercalated cells.

Human kidney anion exchanger 1 interacts with adaptor-related protein complex 1 {mu}1A (AP-1 mu1A)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sawasdee, Nunghathai; Junking, Mutita [Division of Medical Molecular Biology and BIOTEC-Medical Biotechnology Unit, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700 (Thailand); Ngaojanlar, Piengpaga [Division of Medical Molecular Biology and BIOTEC-Medical Biotechnology Unit, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700 (Thailand); Department of Immunology and Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700 (Thailand); Sukomon, Nattakan; Ungsupravate, Duangporn [Division of Medical Molecular Biology and BIOTEC-Medical Biotechnology Unit, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700 (Thailand); Limjindaporn, Thawornchai [Division of Medical Molecular Biology and BIOTEC-Medical Biotechnology Unit, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700 (Thailand); Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700 (Thailand); Akkarapatumwong, Varaporn [Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University at Salaya Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73170 (Thailand); Noisakran, Sansanee [Division of Medical Molecular Biology and BIOTEC-Medical Biotechnology Unit, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700 (Thailand); Yenchitsomanus, Pa-thai, E-mail: grpye@mahidol.ac.th [Division of Medical Molecular Biology and BIOTEC-Medical Biotechnology Unit, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700 (Thailand)

2010-10-08

Research highlights: {yields} Trafficking defect of kAE1 is a cause of dRTA but trafficking pathway of kAE1 has not been clearly described. {yields} Adaptor-related protein complex 1 {mu}1A (AP-1 mu1A) was firstly reported to interact with kAE1. {yields} The interacting site for AP-1 mu1A on Ct-kAE1 was found to be Y904DEV907, a subset of YXXO motif. {yields} AP-1 mu1A knockdown showed a marked reduction of kAE1 on the cell membrane and its accumulation in endoplasmic reticulum. {yields} AP-1 mu1A has a critical role in kAE1 trafficking to the plasma membrane. -- Abstract: Kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1) mediates chloride (Cl{sup -}) and bicarbonate (HCO{sub 3}{sup -}) exchange at the basolateral membrane of kidney {alpha}-intercalated cells. Impaired trafficking of kAE1 leads to defect of the Cl{sup -}/HCO{sub 3}{sup -} exchange at the basolateral membrane and failure of proton (H{sup +}) secretion at the apical membrane, causing a kidney disease - distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). To gain a better insight into kAE1 trafficking, we searched for proteins physically interacting with the C-terminal region of kAE1 (Ct-kAE1), which contains motifs crucial for intracellular trafficking, by a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) system. An adaptor-related protein complex 1 {mu}1A (AP-1 mu1A) subunit was found to interact with Ct-kAE1. The interaction between either Ct-kAE1 or full-length kAE1 and AP-1 mu1A were confirmed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T by co-immunoprecipitation, affinity co-purification, co-localization, yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-based protein fragment complementation assay (PCA) and GST pull-down assay. The interacting site for AP-1 mu1A on Ct-kAE1 was found to be Y904DEV907, a subset of YXXO motif. Interestingly, suppression of endogenous AP-1 mu1A in HEK 293T by small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased membrane localization of kAE1 and increased its intracellular accumulation, suggesting for the first time that AP-1 mu1A is involved in the kAE1

Spider phylogenomics: untangling the Spider Tree of Life

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Nicole L. Garrison

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Spiders (Order Araneae are massively abundant generalist arthropod predators that are found in nearly every ecosystem on the planet and have persisted for over 380 million years. Spiders have long served as evolutionary models for studying complex mating and web spinning behaviors, key innovation and adaptive radiation hypotheses, and have been inspiration for important theories like sexual selection by female choice. Unfortunately, past major attempts to reconstruct spider phylogeny typically employing the “usual suspect” genes have been unable to produce a well-supported phylogenetic framework for the entire order. To further resolve spider evolutionary relationships we have assembled a transcriptome-based data set comprising 70 ingroup spider taxa. Using maximum likelihood and shortcut coalescence-based approaches, we analyze eight data sets, the largest of which contains 3,398 gene regions and 696,652 amino acid sites forming the largest phylogenomic analysis of spider relationships produced to date. Contrary to long held beliefs that the orb web is the crowning achievement of spider evolution, ancestral state reconstructions of web type support a phylogenetically ancient origin of the orb web, and diversification analyses show that the mostly ground-dwelling, web-less RTA clade diversified faster than orb weavers. Consistent with molecular dating estimates we report herein, this may reflect a major increase in biomass of non-flying insects during the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution 125–90 million years ago favoring diversification of spiders that feed on cursorial rather than flying prey. Our results also have major implications for our understanding of spider systematics. Phylogenomic analyses corroborate several well-accepted high level groupings: Opisthothele, Mygalomorphae, Atypoidina, Avicularoidea, Theraphosoidina, Araneomorphae, Entelegynae, Araneoidea, the RTA clade, Dionycha and the Lycosoidea. Alternatively, our results

An epidemiological study on pattern of thoraco-abdominal injuries sustained in fatal road traffic accidents of Bangalore: Autopsy-based study

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N Bayapa Reddy

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Background: The statistical profile reflects a global estimate of 5.1 million deaths in 2000, which was due to injuries that accounted for 10% of deaths due to all causes. Out of this, a quarter of injury-related deaths occurred in the South-East Asian region. Road Traffic Accident (RTA is one among the top 5 causes of morbidity and mortality in South-East Asian countries. Most common cause of blunt abdominal trauma in India is road traffic accident followed by pedestrian accidents, abdominal blows, and fall from heights. Aims: To analyze the epidemiology and pattern of fatal thoraco-abdominal injuries in road traffic accidents. Materials and Methods: An autopsy-based cross-sectional study conducted. A purposive sampling technique was applied to select the study sample of 100 post-mortems of road traffic accident between November 2008 and May 2010 subjected to medico-legal autopsy at the department of Forensic Medicine, KIMS Hospital Bangalore. Results: The majority of the victims were aged 21 to 40 years, 50 (50.0%, most of the victims were male 92 (92.0%; and male/female ratio was 11.5:1. Commonest offending agents in heavy motor vehicles were 54 (54.0%. Bony cage sustained injuries were observed in 71; out of this, fractures of ribs were observed in 45 (63.3% victims, clavicle in 14 (19.7%, sternum was 6 (8.4%, and vertebrae 6 (8.4% of fatal road traffic accidents. Internal thoracic injuries were observed in 26 cases. Among internal thoracic injuries, lungs were the most commonly involved organ 24 (92.3% followed by the heart 2 (7.6%. Lung sustained more lacerations 19 (79.1% than contusions 5 (20.8%. Internal abdominal injuries were observed in 49 cases. In road traffic accidents, the most commonly injured abdominal organs were solid organs such as liver 16 (32.6% followed by spleen 9 (18.3%. Conclusions: Majority of the times in road traffic accidents, young and productive males were injured or lost their life. This study may help the

Spider phylogenomics: untangling the Spider Tree of Life

Science.gov (United States)

Garrison, Nicole L.; Rodriguez, Juanita; Agnarsson, Ingi; Coddington, Jonathan A.; Griswold, Charles E.; Hamilton, Christopher A.; Hedin, Marshal; Kocot, Kevin M.; Ledford, Joel M.

2016-01-01

Spiders (Order Araneae) are massively abundant generalist arthropod predators that are found in nearly every ecosystem on the planet and have persisted for over 380 million years. Spiders have long served as evolutionary models for studying complex mating and web spinning behaviors, key innovation and adaptive radiation hypotheses, and have been inspiration for important theories like sexual selection by female choice. Unfortunately, past major attempts to reconstruct spider phylogeny typically employing the “usual suspect” genes have been unable to produce a well-supported phylogenetic framework for the entire order. To further resolve spider evolutionary relationships we have assembled a transcriptome-based data set comprising 70 ingroup spider taxa. Using maximum likelihood and shortcut coalescence-based approaches, we analyze eight data sets, the largest of which contains 3,398 gene regions and 696,652 amino acid sites forming the largest phylogenomic analysis of spider relationships produced to date. Contrary to long held beliefs that the orb web is the crowning achievement of spider evolution, ancestral state reconstructions of web type support a phylogenetically ancient origin of the orb web, and diversification analyses show that the mostly ground-dwelling, web-less RTA clade diversified faster than orb weavers. Consistent with molecular dating estimates we report herein, this may reflect a major increase in biomass of non-flying insects during the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution 125–90 million years ago favoring diversification of spiders that feed on cursorial rather than flying prey. Our results also have major implications for our understanding of spider systematics. Phylogenomic analyses corroborate several well-accepted high level groupings: Opisthothele, Mygalomorphae, Atypoidina, Avicularoidea, Theraphosoidina, Araneomorphae, Entelegynae, Araneoidea, the RTA clade, Dionycha and the Lycosoidea. Alternatively, our results challenge the