An Annotation Agnostic Algorithm for Detecting Nascent RNA Transcripts in GRO-Seq.

Science.gov (United States)

Azofeifa, Joseph G; Allen, Mary A; Lladser, Manuel E; Dowell, Robin D

2017-01-01

We present a fast and simple algorithm to detect nascent RNA transcription in global nuclear run-on sequencing (GRO-seq). GRO-seq is a relatively new protocol that captures nascent transcripts from actively engaged polymerase, providing a direct read-out on bona fide transcription. Most traditional assays, such as RNA-seq, measure steady state RNA levels which are affected by transcription, post-transcriptional processing, and RNA stability. GRO-seq data, however, presents unique analysis challenges that are only beginning to be addressed. Here, we describe a new algorithm, Fast Read Stitcher (FStitch), that takes advantage of two popular machine-learning techniques, hidden Markov models and logistic regression, to classify which regions of the genome are transcribed. Given a small user-defined training set, our algorithm is accurate, robust to varying read depth, annotation agnostic, and fast. Analysis of GRO-seq data without a priori need for annotation uncovers surprising new insights into several aspects of the transcription process.

Purification, crystallization and structure determination of native GroEL from Escherichia coli lacking bound potassium ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kiser, Philip D.; Lodowski, David T.; Palczewski, Krzysztof

2007-01-01

A 3.02 Å crystal structure of native GroEL from E. coli is presented. GroEL is a member of the ATP-dependent chaperonin family that promotes the proper folding of many cytosolic bacterial proteins. The structures of GroEL in a variety of different states have been determined using X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. In this study, a 3.02 Å crystal structure of the native GroEL complex from Escherichia coli is presented. The complex was purified and crystallized in the absence of potassium ions, which allowed evaluation of the structural changes that may occur in response to cognate potassium-ion binding by comparison to the previously determined wild-type GroEL structure (PDB code http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId), in which potassium ions were observed in all 14 subunits. In general, the structure is similar to the previously determined wild-type GroEL crystal structure with some differences in regard to temperature-factor distribution

Overexpression of heat shock GroEL stress protein in leptospiral biofilm.

Science.gov (United States)

Vinod Kumar, K; Lall, Chandan; Vimal Raj, R; Vedhagiri, K; Kartick, C; Surya, P; Natarajaseenivasan, K; Vijayachari, P

2017-01-01

Leptospira is the causative agent of leptospirosis, which is an emerging zoonotic disease. Recent studies on Leptospira have demonstrated biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. The protein expressed in the biofilm was investigated by using SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting in combination with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The proteins expressed in Leptospira biofilm and planktonic cells was analyzed and compared. Among these proteins, one (60 kDa) was found to overexpress in biofilm as compared to the planktonic cells. MALDI-TOF analysis identified this protein as stress and heat shock chaperone GroEL. Our findings demonstrate that GroEL is associated with Leptospira biofilm. GroEL is conserved, highly immunogenic and a prominent stress response protein in pathogenic Leptospira spp., which may have clinical relevance. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

GRoW Buffalo Final Report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bohm, Martha [Univ. at Buffalo, NY (United States)

2016-04-17

This document provides final reporting on the GRoW Home, University at Buffalo's entry to the 2015 Solar Decathlon competition in Irvine, CA. The report summarizes fundraising efforts, documents media outreach, lists online presence, analyzes the organizer's communication, describes post-competition life of the house and future employment plans for student team members. Last, it suggests improvements for future decathlons.

A New Improved and Extended Version of the Multicell Bacterial Simulator gro.

Science.gov (United States)

Gutiérrez, Martín; Gregorio-Godoy, Paula; Pérez Del Pulgar, Guillermo; Muñoz, Luis E; Sáez, Sandra; Rodríguez-Patón, Alfonso

2017-08-18

gro is a cell programming language developed in Klavins Lab for simulating colony growth and cell-cell communication. It is used as a synthetic biology prototyping tool for simulating multicellular biocircuits and microbial consortia. In this work, we present several extensions made to gro that improve the performance of the simulator, make it easier to use, and provide new functionalities. The new version of gro is between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude faster than the original version. It is able to grow microbial colonies with up to 10 5 cells in less than 10 min. A new library, CellEngine, accelerates the resolution of spatial physical interactions between growing and dividing cells by implementing a new shoving algorithm. A genetic library, CellPro, based on Probabilistic Timed Automata, simulates gene expression dynamics using simplified and easy to compute digital proteins. We also propose a more convenient language specification layer, ProSpec, based on the idea that proteins drive cell behavior. CellNutrient, another library, implements Monod-based growth and nutrient uptake functionalities. The intercellular signaling management was improved and extended in a library called CellSignals. Finally, bacterial conjugation, another local cell-cell communication process, was added to the simulator. To show the versatility and potential outreach of this version of gro, we provide studies and novel examples ranging from synthetic biology to evolutionary microbiology. We believe that the upgrades implemented for gro have made it into a powerful and fast prototyping tool capable of simulating a large variety of systems and synthetic biology designs.

Gro2mat: a package to efficiently read gromacs output in MATLAB.

Science.gov (United States)

Dien, Hung; Deane, Charlotte M; Knapp, Bernhard

2014-07-30

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are a state-of-the-art computational method used to investigate molecular interactions at atomic scale. Interaction processes out of experimental reach can be monitored using MD software, such as Gromacs. Here, we present the gro2mat package that allows fast and easy access to Gromacs output files from Matlab. Gro2mat enables direct parsing of the most common Gromacs output formats including the binary xtc-format. No openly available Matlab parser currently exists for this format. The xtc reader is orders of magnitudes faster than other available pdb/ascii workarounds. Gro2mat is especially useful for scientists with an interest in quick prototyping of new mathematical and statistical approaches for Gromacs trajectory analyses. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Folding and unfolding pathway of chaperonin GroEL monomer and elucidation of thermodynamic parameters.

Science.gov (United States)

Puri, Sarita; Chaudhuri, Tapan K

2017-03-01

The conformation and thermodynamic stability of monomeric GroEL were studied by CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. GroEL denaturation with urea and dilution in buffer leads to formation of a folded GroEL monomer. The monomeric nature of this protein was verified by size-exclusion chromatography and native PAGE. It has a well-defined secondary and tertiary structure, folding activity (prevention of aggregation) for substrate protein and is resistant to proteolysis. Being a properly folded and reversibly refoldable, monomeric GroEL is amenable for the study of thermodynamic stability by unfolding transition methods. We present the equilibrium unfolding of monomeric GroEL as studied by urea and heat mediated unfolding processes. The urea mediated unfolding shows two transitions and a single transition in the heat mediated unfolding process. In the case of thermal unfolding, some residual structure unfolds at a higher temperature (70-75°C). The process of folding/unfolding is reversible in both cases. Analysis of folding/unfolding data provides a measure of ΔG NU H 2 O , T m , ΔH van and ΔS van of monomeric GroEL. The thermodynamic stability parameter ΔG NU H 2 O is similar with both CD and intrinsic fluorescence i.e. 7.10±1.0kcal/mol. The calculated T m , ΔH van and ΔS van from the thermal unfolding transition is 46±0.5°C, 43.3±0.1kcal/mol and 143.9±0.1cal/mol/k respectively. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cloning, expression, and homology modeling of GroEL protein from Leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis strain N2.

Science.gov (United States)

Natarajaseenivasan, Kalimuthusamy; Shanmughapriya, Santhanam; Velineni, Sridhar; Artiushin, Sergey C; Timoney, John F

2011-10-01

Leptospirosis is an infectious bacterial disease caused by Leptospira species. In this study, we cloned and sequenced the gene encoding the immunodominant protein GroEL from L. interrogans serovar Autumnalis strain N2, which was isolated from the urine of a patient during an outbreak of leptospirosis in Chennai, India. This groEL gene encodes a protein of 60 kDa with a high degree of homology (99% similarity) to those of other leptospiral serovars. Recombinant GroEL was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Immunoblot analysis indicated that the sera from confirmed leptospirosis patients showed strong reactivity with the recombinant GroEL while no reactivity was observed with the sera from seronegative control patient. In addition, the 3D structure of GroEL was constructed using chaperonin complex cpn60 from Thermus thermophilus as template and validated. The results indicated a Z-score of -8.35, which is in good agreement with the expected value for a protein. The superposition of the Ca traces of cpn60 structure and predicted structure of leptospiral GroEL indicates good agreement of secondary structure elements with an RMSD value of 1.5 Å. Further study is necessary to evaluate GroEL for serological diagnosis of leptospirosis and for its potential as a vaccine component. Copyright © 2011 Beijing Genomics Institute. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Induction of heat shock proteins DnaK, GroEL, and GroES by salt stress in Lactococcus lactis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kilstrup, Mogens; Jacobsen, Susanne; Hammer, Karin

1997-01-01

The bacterium Lactococcus lactis has become a model organism in studies of growth physiology and membrane transport, as a result of its simple fermentative metabolism. It is also used as a model for studying the importance of specific genes and functions during lie in excess nutrients, by compari...... the timing during heat stress although at a lower induction level. These data indicate an overlap between the heat shock and salt stress responses in L. lactis......., by comparison of prototrophic wild-type strains and auxotrophic domesticated (daily) strains. In a study of the capacity of domesticated strains to perform directed responses toward various stress conditions, we have analyzed the heat and salt stress response in the established L,. lactis subsp. cremoris...... laboratory strain MG1363, which was originally derived from a dairy strain, After two-dimensional separation of proteins, the DnaK, GroEL, and GroES heat shock proteins, the HrcA (Orf1) heat shack repressor, and the glycolytic enzymes pyruvate kinase, glyceral-dehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase...

GroEL1, a heat shock protein 60 of Chlamydia pneumoniae, impairs neovascularization by decreasing endothelial progenitor cell function.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yi-Wen Lin

Full Text Available The number and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs are sensitive to hyperglycemia, hypertension, and smoking in humans, which are also associated with the development of atherosclerosis. GroEL1 from Chlamydia pneumoniae has been found in atherosclerotic lesions and is related to atherosclerotic pathogenesis. However, the actual effects of GroEL1 on EPC function are unclear. In this study, we investigate the EPC function in GroEL1-administered hind limb-ischemic C57BL/B6 and C57BL/10ScNJ (a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 mutation mice and human EPCs. In mice, laser Doppler imaging, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the degree of neo-vasculogenesis, circulating level of EPCs, and expression of CD34, vWF, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS in vessels. Blood flow in the ischemic limb was significantly impaired in C57BL/B6 but not C57BL/10ScNJ mice treated with GroEL1. Circulating EPCs were also decreased after GroEL1 administration in C57BL/B6 mice. Additionally, GroEL1 inhibited the expression of CD34 and eNOS in C57BL/B6 ischemic muscle. In vitro, GroEL1 impaired the capacity of differentiation, mobilization, tube formation, and migration of EPCs. GroEL1 increased senescence, which was mediated by caspases, p38 MAPK, and ERK1/2 signaling in EPCs. Furthermore, GroEL1 decreased integrin and E-selectin expression and induced inflammatory responses in EPCs. In conclusion, these findings suggest that TLR4 and impaired NO-related mechanisms could contribute to the reduced number and functional activity of EPCs in the presence of GroEL1 from C. pneumoniae.

Schmitt’s Theory of Großraum: A Post-Statal Perspective?

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Antonino Scalone

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The article analyses some aspects of Schmitt’s theories on international law, in particular the notion of Großraum. The assumption is that with this notion Schmitt tries to re-think politics and international relations beyond the classical categories of the State. From this point of view, there is an essential affinity between the concept of politics (Begriff des Politischen explained in the homonymous essay published in 1927 and the concept of Großraum. After the Second World War, Schmitt distances himself from the notion of Großraum, too close to the nazi theories, and focuses on that of nomos, explained in Der Nomos der Erde (1950, and on the crisis of the Jus publicum europaeum. However, Schmitt fails to define which system of international relations should follow the Jus publicum europaeum and the same notion of nomos remains rather undefined. In the last part of the paper the author compares Schmitt’s theories about international law and some theories of Kelsen, with particular reference to the theory of bellum justum.

Confirmation of a high magnetic field in GRO J1008-57

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bellm, Eric C.; Fuerst, Felix; Pottschmidt, Katja

2014-01-01

GRO J1008-57 is a high-mass X-ray binary for which several claims of a cyclotron resonance scattering feature near 80 keV have been reported. We use NuSTAR, Suzaku, and Swift data from its giant outburst of 2012 November to confirm the existence of the 80 keV feature and perform the most sensitiv...... a fundamental at lower energies with optical depth larger than 5% of the 78 keV line. These results indicate that GRO J1008-57 has a magnetic field of 6.7 x 10(12)(1 + z) G, the highest among known accreting pulsars....

LiGRO: a graphical user interface for protein-ligand molecular dynamics.

Science.gov (United States)

Kagami, Luciano Porto; das Neves, Gustavo Machado; da Silva, Alan Wilter Sousa; Caceres, Rafael Andrade; Kawano, Daniel Fábio; Eifler-Lima, Vera Lucia

2017-10-04

To speed up the drug-discovery process, molecular dynamics (MD) calculations performed in GROMACS can be coupled to docking simulations for the post-screening analyses of large compound libraries. This requires generating the topology of the ligands in different software, some basic knowledge of Linux command lines, and a certain familiarity in handling the output files. LiGRO-the python-based graphical interface introduced here-was designed to overcome these protein-ligand parameterization challenges by allowing the graphical (non command line-based) control of GROMACS (MD and analysis), ACPYPE (ligand topology builder) and PLIP (protein-binder interactions monitor)-programs that can be used together to fully perform and analyze the outputs of complex MD simulations (including energy minimization and NVT/NPT equilibration). By allowing the calculation of linear interaction energies in a simple and quick fashion, LiGRO can be used in the drug-discovery pipeline to select compounds with a better protein-binding interaction profile. The design of LiGRO allows researchers to freely download and modify the software, with the source code being available under the terms of a GPLv3 license from http://www.ufrgs.br/lasomfarmacia/ligro/ .

Discovery of a Nonblazar Gamma-Ray Transient Source Near the Galactic Plane: GRO J1838-04

Science.gov (United States)

Tavani, M.; Oliversen, Ronald (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

We report the discovery of a remarkable gamma-ray transient source near the Galactic plane, GRO J1838-04. This source was serendipitously discovered by EGRET in 1995 June with a peak intensity of approx. (4 +/- 1) x 10(exp -6) photons/sq cm s (for photon energies larger than 100 MeV) and a 5.9 sigma significance. At that time, GRO J1838-04 was the second brightest gamma-ray source in the sky. A subsequent EGRET pointing in 1995 late September detected the source at a flux smaller than its peak value by a factor of approx. 7. We determine that no radio-loud spectrally flat blazar is within the error box of GRO J1838-04. We discuss the origin of the gamma-ray transient source and show that interpretations in terms of active galactic nuclei or isolated pulsars are highly problematic. GRO J1838-04 provides strong evidence for the existence of a new class of variable gamma-ray sources.

Quantification of Human Fecal Bifidobacterium Species by Use of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis Targeting the groEL Gene

Science.gov (United States)

Junick, Jana

2012-01-01

Quantitative real-time PCR assays targeting the groEL gene for the specific enumeration of 12 human fecal Bifidobacterium species were developed. The housekeeping gene groEL (HSP60 in eukaryotes) was used as a discriminative marker for the differentiation of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. angulatum, B. animalis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. catenulatum, B. dentium, B. gallicum, B. longum, B. pseudocatenulatum, B. pseudolongum, and B. thermophilum. The bifidobacterial chromosome contains a single copy of the groEL gene, allowing the determination of the cell number by quantification of the groEL copy number. Real-time PCR assays were validated by comparing fecal samples spiked with known numbers of a given Bifidobacterium species. Independent of the Bifidobacterium species tested, the proportion of groEL copies recovered from fecal samples spiked with 5 to 9 log10 cells/g feces was approximately 50%. The quantification limit was 5 to 6 log10 groEL copies/g feces. The interassay variability was less than 10%, and variability between different DNA extractions was less than 23%. The method developed was applied to fecal samples from healthy adults and full-term breast-fed infants. Bifidobacterial diversity in both adults and infants was low, with mostly ≤3 Bifidobacterium species and B. longum frequently detected. The predominant species in infant and adult fecal samples were B. breve and B. adolescentis, respectively. It was possible to distinguish B. catenulatum and B. pseudocatenulatum. We conclude that the groEL gene is a suitable molecular marker for the specific and accurate quantification of human fecal Bifidobacterium species by real-time PCR. PMID:22307308

Immobilization of cadmium in soils by UV-mutated Bacillus subtilis 38 bioaugmentation and NovoGro amendment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jiang Chunxiao; Sun Hongwen; Sun Tieheng; Zhang Qingmin; Zhang Yanfeng

2009-01-01

Immobilization of cadmium (10 mg Cd per kilogram soil) in soil by bioaugmentation of a UV-mutated microorganism, Bacillus subtilis 38 accompanied with amendment of a bio-fertilizer, NovoGro was investigated using extractable cadmium (E-Cd) by DTPA. B. subtilis 38, the mutant with the strongest resistance against Cd, could bioaccumulate Cd four times greater than the original wild type. Single bioaugmentation of B. subtilis 38 (SB treatment) to soil however did not reduce E-Cd significantly, while the amendment of NovoGro (SN treatment) reduced E-Cd remarkably. Simultaneous application of B. subtilis 38 and NovoGro (SNB treatment) exhibited a synergetic effect compared to the single SB and SN treatment. The immobilization effect was significantly affected by temperature, soil moisture, and pH. It seems that the immobilization on Cd reached the maximum when environmental conditions favored the activity of microorganisms. Under the optimum conditions, after 90 days incubation, E-Cd was 3.34, 3.39, 2.25 and 0.87 mg kg -1 in the control soil, SB, SN and SNB soils, respectively. NovoGro not only showed a great capacity for Cd adsorption, but also promoted the growth of B. subtilis 38. This study provides a potential cost-effective technique for in situ remediation of Cd contaminated soils with bioaugmentation.

Use of hold-gro erosion control fabric in the establishment of plant species on coal mine soil.

Science.gov (United States)

Day, A D; Ludeke, K L

1986-09-01

Experiments were conducted on the Black Mesa Coal Mine, Kayenta, Arizona in 1977 and 1978 to study the effectiveness of Hold-Gro Erosion Control Fabric (a product from the Gulf States Paper Corporation, Tuscaloosa, Alabama) in the establishment of plants on coal mine soil following the surface mining of coal. Four plant species were planted: (1) spring barley (Horduem vulgare L.), an annual grass (2) crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.), a perennial grass (3) alfalfa (lucerne) (Medicago sativa L.), a perennial legume and (4) fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens Pursh.), a perennial shrub. Seeds of each plant species were planted in reclaimed coal mine soil in the spring of the year by both broadcast seeding (conventional culture) and the incorporation of seeds in Hold-Gro Erosion Control Fabric. Average numbers of seedlings established and percent ground cover for all species studied were higher in areas where conventional culture was used than they were in areas where seeds were incorporated in Hold-Gro Erosion Control Fabric. The incorporation of seeds in Hold-Gro Erosion Control Fabric in the establishment of plant species on coal mine soil was not an effective cultural practice in the southwestern United States.

Use of Hold-Gro Erosion Control Fabric in the establishment of plant species on coal mine soil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Day, A.D.; Ludeke, K.L.

1986-09-01

Experiments were conducted on the Black Mesa Coal Mine, Kayenta, Arizona in 1977 and 1978 to study the effectiveness of Hold-Gro Erosion Control Fabric (a product from the Gulf States Paper Corporation, Tuscaloosa, Alabama) in the establishment of plants on coal mine soil following the surface mining of coal. Four plant species were planted: spring barley (Horduem vulgare L.), an annual grass; crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.), a perennial grass; alfalfa (lucerne) (Medicago sativa L.), a perennial legume; and fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens Pursh.), a perennial shrub. Seeds of each plant species were planted in reclaimed coal mine soil in the spring of the year by both broadcast seeding (conventional culture) and the incorporation of seeds in Hold-Gro Erosion Control Fabric. Average numbers of seedlings established and percent ground cover for all species studied were higher in areas where conventional culture was used than they were in areas where seeds were incorporated in Hold-Gro Erosion Control Fabric. The incorporation of seeds in Hold-Gro Erosion Control Fabric in the establishment of plant species on coal mine soil was not an effective cultural practice in the southwestern United States. 11 refs.

The Accretion Powered Spin-up of GRO 1750–27

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kretschmar, P.; Shaw, S.; Hill, A. B.

2009-01-01

The transient Be X-ray pulsar GRO J1750-27 was originally detected in 1995 by CGRO/BATSE during a giant outburst. After a long period of quiescence the source was detected in another outburst early 2008. Following this outburst with hard X-ray data from INTEGRAL and Swift, the orbital parameters...

A ScaI RFLP demonstrated for the GRO gene on chromosome 4

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beck, J.S.; Murray, J.C. (Univ. of Iowa Hospitals, Iowa City (USA)); Sager, R. (Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (USA))

1989-11-11

TC870 is a 0.85 kb fragment running from the EcoRI site 200 pb from the 5{prime} end of the human cDNA subcloned into the EcoRI site of pGEM3. ScaI detects a polymorphism with two variable bands of 19 kb and 16 kb. One strong constant band (14 kb) and two fainter constant bands (5 kb and 3 kb) are also present. The polymorphism type is unknown. GRO has been localized to 4q13-4q21 by somatic cell hybrid analysis and in situ hybridization. Codominant segregation and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium demonstrated in 20 CEPH families. The probe also was assigned to chromosome 4 with significant linkage to ALB, GC, INP10, MT2P1. GRO may be the same gene as MGSA.

Bibliothekarische Berufsethik in der Praxis – Ergebnisse eines Studienprojekts aus Deutschland und Großbritannien

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jens Boye

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Sowohl in Deutschland als auch in Großbritannien existieren seit einigen Jahren Grundsatzpapiere zur Berufsethik im Informations- und Bibliotheksbereich. Neben der bloßen Existenz derartiger Kodizes stellt sich die Frage, welche Relevanz diese Dokumente in der beruflichen Praxis haben. Dieser Frage wurde im Rahmen einer Team-Projektarbeit an der FH Köln nachgegangen. Mithilfe eines standardisierten Fragebogens wurden deutsche Bibliotheksleitungen zu der Thematik befragt. In Großbritannien wurde ein Interview mit Paul Sturges geführt, darüber hinaus erfolgte eine Analyse der Online-Angebote von CILIP, insbesondere des Information Ethics Blog.

Discovery of the 198 s X-Ray Pulsar GRO J2058+42

Science.gov (United States)

Wilson, Colleen A.; Finger, Mark H.; Harmon, B. Alan; Chakrabarty, Deepto; Strohmayer, Tod

1997-01-01

GRO J2058+42, a transient 198 second x-ray pulsar, was discovered by the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO), during a "giant" outburst in 1995 September-October. The total flux peaked at about 300 mCrab (20-50 keV) as measured by Earth occultation. The pulse period decreased from 198 s to 196 s during the 46-day outburst. The pulse shape evolved over the course of the outburst and exhibited energy dependent variations. BATSE observed five additional weak outbursts from GRO J2058+427 each with two week duration and peak pulsed flux of about 15 mcrab (20-50 keV), that were spaced by about 110 days. An observation of the 1996 November outburst by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) Proportional Counter Array (PCA) localized the source to within a 4' radius error circle (90% confidence) centered on R.A. = 20 h 59 m.0, Decl. = 41 deg 43 min (J2000). Additional shorter outbursts with peak pulsed fluxes of about 8 mCrab were detected by BATSE halfway between the first four 15 mCrab outbursts. The RXTE All-Sky Monitor detected 8 weak outbursts with approximately equal durations and intensities. GRO J2058+42 is most likely a Be/X-ray binary that appears to outburst at periastron and apastron. No optical counterpart has been identified to date and no x-ray source was present in the error circle in archival ROSAT observations.

Discovery of the 198 Second X-Ray Pulsar GRO J2058+42

Science.gov (United States)

Wilson, Colleen A.; Finger, Mark H.; Harmon, B. Alan; Chakrabarty, Deepto; Strohmayer, Tod

1998-01-01

GRO J2058+42, a transient 198 s X-ray pulsar, was discovered by the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) during a "giant" outburst in 1995 September-October. The total flux peaked at about 300 mcrab (20-50 keV) as measured by Earth occultation. The pulse period decreased from 198 to 196 s during the 46 day outburst. The pulse shape evolved over the course of the outburst and exhibited energy-dependent variations. BATSE observed five additional weak outbursts from GRO J2058 + 42, each with a 2 week duration and a peak-pulsed flux of about 15 mcrab (20-50 keV), that were spaced by about 110 days. An observation of the 1996 November outburst by the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) proportional counter array (PCA) localized the source to within a 4 s radius error circle (90% confidence) centered on R.A. = 20h 59m.0, decl. = 41 deg 43 s (J2000). Additional shorter outbursts with peak-pulsed fluxes of about 8 mcrab were detected by BATSE halfway between the first four 15 mcrab outbursts. The RXTE All-Sky Monitor detected all eight weak outbursts with approximately equal durations and intensities. GRO J2058 + 42 is most likely a Be/X-ray binary that appears to outburst at periastron and apastron, No optical counterpart has been identified to date, and no X-ray source was present in the error circle in archival ROSAT observations.

Confirmation of a high magnetic field in GRO J1008–57

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bellm, Eric C.; Fürst, Felix; Harrison, Fiona A.; Walton, Dominic J.; Pottschmidt, Katja; Tomsick, John A.; Boggs, Steven E.; Craig, William W.; Chakrabarty, Deepto; Christensen, Finn E.; Hailey, Charles J.; Stern, Daniel; Wilms, Jörn; Zhang, William W.

2014-01-01

GRO J1008–57 is a high-mass X-ray binary for which several claims of a cyclotron resonance scattering feature near 80 keV have been reported. We use NuSTAR, Suzaku, and Swift data from its giant outburst of 2012 November to confirm the existence of the 80 keV feature and perform the most sensitive search to date for cyclotron scattering features at lower energies. We find evidence for a 78 −2 +3 keV line in the NuSTAR and Suzaku data at >4σ significance, confirming the detection using Suzaku alone by Yamamoto et al. A search of both the phase-averaged and phase-resolved data rules out a fundamental at lower energies with optical depth larger than 5% of the 78 keV line. These results indicate that GRO J1008–57 has a magnetic field of 6.7 × 10 12 (1 + z) G, the highest among known accreting pulsars.

CcpA affects expression of the groESL and dnaK operons in Lactobacillus plantarum

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marasco Rosangela

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Lactic acid bacteria (LAB are widely used in food industry and their growth performance is important for the quality of the fermented product. During industrial processes changes in temperature may represent an environmental stress to be overcome by starters and non-starters LAB. Studies on adaptation to heat shock have shown the involvement of the chaperon system-proteins in various Gram-positive bacteria. The corresponding operons, namely the dnaK and groESL operons, are controlled by a negative mechanism involving the HrcA repressor protein binding to the cis acting element CIRCE. Results We studied adaptation to heat shock in the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum. The LM3-2 strain, carrying a null mutation in the ccpA gene, encoding the catabolite control protein A (CcpA, showed a lower percent of survival to high temperature with respect to the LM3 wild type strain. Among proteins differentially expressed in the two strains, the GroES chaperon was more abundant in the wild type strain compared to the mutant strain under standard growth conditions. Transcriptional studies showed that class I heat shock operons were differentially expressed upon heat shock in both strains. Indeed, the dnaK and groESL operons were induced about two times more in the LM3 strain compared to the LM3-2 strain. Analysis of the regulatory region of the two operons showed the presence of cre sequences, putative binding sites for the CcpA protein. Conclusion The L. plantarum dnaK and groESL operons are characterized by the presence of the cis acting sequence CIRCE in the promoter region, suggesting a negative regulation by the HrcA/CIRCE system, which is a common type of control among the class I heat shock operons of Gram-positive bacteria. We found an additional system of regulation, based on a positive control exerted by the CcpA protein, which would interact with cre sequences present in the regulatory region of the dnaK and gro

Molecular cloning of the potato Gro1-4 gene conferring resistance to pathotype Ro1 of the root cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis, based on a candidate gene approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Paal, Jürgen; Henselewski, Heike; Muth, Jost; Meksem, Khalid; Menéndez, Cristina M; Salamini, Francesco; Ballvora, Agim; Gebhardt, Christiane

2004-04-01

The endoparasitic root cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis causes considerable damage in potato cultivation. In the past, major genes for nematode resistance have been introgressed from related potato species into cultivars. Elucidating the molecular basis of resistance will contribute to the understanding of nematode-plant interactions and assist in breeding nematode-resistant cultivars. The Gro1 resistance locus to G. rostochiensis on potato chromosome VII co-localized with a resistance-gene-like (RGL) DNA marker. This marker was used to isolate from genomic libraries 15 members of a closely related candidate gene family. Analysis of inheritance, linkage mapping, and sequencing reduced the number of candidate genes to three. Complementation analysis by stable potato transformation showed that the gene Gro1-4 conferred resistance to G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1. Gro1-4 encodes a protein of 1136 amino acids that contains Toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR), nucleotide-binding (NB), leucine-rich repeat (LRR) homology domains and a C-terminal domain with unknown function. The deduced Gro1-4 protein differed by 29 amino acid changes from susceptible members of the Gro1 gene family. Sequence characterization of 13 members of the Gro1 gene family revealed putative regulatory elements and a variable microsatellite in the promoter region, insertion of a retrotransposon-like element in the first intron, and a stop codon in the NB coding region of some genes. Sequence analysis of RT-PCR products showed that Gro1-4 is expressed, among other members of the family including putative pseudogenes, in non-infected roots of nematode-resistant plants. RT-PCR also demonstrated that members of the Gro1 gene family are expressed in most potato tissues.

Tandem differential mobility analysis-mass spectrometry reveals partial gas-phase collapse of the GroEL complex.

Science.gov (United States)

Hogan, Christopher J; Ruotolo, Brandon T; Robinson, Carol V; Fernandez de la Mora, Juan

2011-04-07

A parallel-plate differential mobility analyzer and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (DMA-MS) are used in series to measure true mobility in dry atmospheric pressure air for mass-resolved electrosprayed GroEL tetradecamers (14-mers; ~800 kDa). Narrow mobility peaks are found (2.6-2.9% fwhm); hence, precise mobilities can be obtained for these ions without collisional activation, just following their generation by electrospray ionization. In contrast to previous studies, two conformers are found with mobilities (Z) differing by ~5% at charge state z ~ 79. By extrapolating to small z, a common mobility/charge ratio Z(0)/z = 0.0117 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) is found for both conformers. When interpreted as if the GroEL ion surface were smooth and the gas molecule-protein collisions were perfectly elastic and specular, this mobility yields an experimental collision cross section, Ω, 11% smaller than in an earlier measurement, and close to the cross section, A(C,crystal), expected for the crystal structure (determined by a geometric approximation). However, the similarity between Ω and A(C,crystal) does not imply a coincidence between the native and gas-phase structures. The nonideal nature of protein-gas molecule collisions introduces a drag enhancement factor, ξ = 1.36, with which the true cross section A(C) is related to Ω via A(C) = Ω/ξ. Therefore, A(C) for GroEL 14-mer ions determined by DMA measurements is 0.69A(C,crystal). The factor 1.36 used here is based on the experimental Stokes-Millikan equation, as well as on prior and new numerical modeling accounting for multiple scattering events via exact hard-sphere scattering calculations. Therefore, we conclude that the gas-phase structure of the GroEL complex as electrosprayed is substantially more compact than the corresponding X-ray crystal structure.

Further observations of GRO J1750-27 (AXJ1749.1-2639) with INTEGRAL

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brandt, Søren Kristian; Shaw, S.; Hill, A.

2008-01-01

The transient accreting X-ray pulsar GRO J1750-27 (AX J1749.1-2639), which became active end of January 2008 (ATel #1376), has been repeatedly observed by the INTEGRAL Galactic Bulge monitoring program since mid February (ATel #1385) on 11, 20 and 23 Feb. 2008. During the three observations...

Limits on the quiescent radio emission from the black hole binaries GRO J1655−40 and XTE J1550−564

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Calvelo, D.E.; Fender, R.P.; Russell, D.M.; Gallo, E.; Corbel, S.; Tzioumis, A.K.; Bell, M.E.; Lewis, F.; Maccarone, T.J.

2010-01-01

We present the results of radio observations of the black hole binaries GRO J1655−40 and XTE J1550−564 in quiescence, with the upgraded Australia Telescope Compact Array. Neither system was detected. Radio flux density upper limits (3σ) of 26 μJy (at 5.5 GHz), 47 μJy (at 9 GHz) for GRO J1655−40 and

Anton Grams dem Gustav Friedrich Wilhelm Großmann: Mozart schreibe eine neue Oper

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jonášová, Milada

2016-01-01

Roč. 53, č. 1 (2016), s. 29-53 ISSN 0018-7003 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP409/12/2563 Institutional support: RVO:68378076 Keywords : Mozart * 1786 * letter * Anton Grams * Gustav Friedrich Wilhelm Großmann Subject RIV: AL - Art, Architecture, Cultural Heritage

Glyprolines exert protective and repair-promoting effects in the rat stomach: potential role of the cytokine GRO/CINC-1.

Science.gov (United States)

Bakaeva, Z V; Sangadzhieva, A D; Tani, S; Myasoedov, N F; Andreeva, L A; Torshin, V I; Wallace, J L; Tanaka, T

2016-04-01

Glyprolines have been reported to exert protective effects in the stomach. In this study, we examined the potential effects of intranasal administration of Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) and N-acetyl-Pro-Gly-Pro (AcPGP) on experimental gastric ulcer formation and healing. We also studied gastric release of the cytokine GRO/CINC-1, and its potential role in ulcer development and healing. Gastric ulcers were induced in rats by applying acetic acid to the serosa of the stomach. PGP and AcPGP were then administered at a dose of 3.7 μmol/kg once daily on either days 1 - 3 (ulcer formation) or days 4 - 6 (ulcer healing). Measurement of ulcer area and histological examination of gastric tissue were carried out on days 4 and 7 after application of acetic acid. In vitro studies involved addition of the glyprolines to cultured rat gastric epithelial cells with or without lipopolysaccharide. Reverse transcription PCR, real-time PCR and ELISA were used for cytokine analysis. PGP and AcPGP significantly reduced ulcer areas on the 4(th) day and accelerated the healing on the 7(th) day compared with the control. After acetic acid-induced ulceration, the expression of GRO/CINC-1 mRNA in gastric tissue was increased 9-fold versus the sham-operated group. Treatment with PGP or AcPGP both significantly suppressed the expression of GRO/CINC-1 mRNA in gastric tissue. However, the glyprolines did not alter LPS-induced mRNA expression or release of GRO/CINC-1 from cultured rat gastric epithelial cells, even though those cells were harvested from rats subjected to the ulcer-induction procedure. The results of this study show that intranasal administration of PGP and AcPGP significantly increased resistance against acetic acid-induced ulceration and accelerated healing in the rats. These effects may be due, at least in part, to their ability to reduce the acetic acid-induced GRO/CINC-1 expression and production in gastric tissue.

Escherichia coli fusion carrier proteins act as solubilizing agents for recombinant uncoupling protein 1 through interactions with GroEL

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Douette, Pierre; Navet, Rachel; Gerkens, Pascal; Galleni, Moreno; Levy, Daniel; Sluse, Francis E.

2005-01-01

Fusing recombinant proteins to highly soluble partners is frequently used to prevent aggregation of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Moreover, co-overexpression of prokaryotic chaperones can increase the amount of properly folded recombinant proteins. To understand the solubility enhancement of fusion proteins, we designed two recombinant proteins composed of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a mitochondrial membrane protein, in fusion with MBP or NusA. We were able to express soluble forms of MBP-UCP1 and NusA-UCP1 despite the high hydrophobicity of UCP1. Furthermore, the yield of soluble fusion proteins depended on co-overexpression of GroEL that catalyzes folding of polypeptides. MBP-UCP1 was expressed in the form of a non-covalent complex with GroEL. MBP-UCP1/GroEL was purified and characterized by dynamic light scattering, gel filtration, and electron microscopy. Our findings suggest that MBP and NusA act as solubilizing agents by forcing the recombinant protein to pass through the bacterial chaperone pathway in the context of fusion protein

Activation of phagocytic cells by Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms: effects of extracellular matrix proteins and the bacterial stress protein GroEL on netosis and MRP-14 release.

Science.gov (United States)

Dapunt, Ulrike; Gaida, Matthias M; Meyle, Eva; Prior, Birgit; Hänsch, Gertrud M

2016-07-01

The recognition and phagocytosis of free-swimming (planktonic) bacteria by polymorphonuclear neutrophils have been investigated in depth. However, less is known about the neutrophil response towards bacterial biofilms. Our previous work demonstrated that neutrophils recognize activating entities within the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of biofilms (the bacterial heat shock protein GroEL) and that this process does not require opsonization. Aim of this study was to evaluate the release of DNA by neutrophils in response to biofilms, as well as the release of the inflammatory cytokine MRP-14. Neutrophils were stimulated with Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms, planktonic bacteria, extracted EPS and GroEL. Release of DNA and of MRP-14 was evaluated. Furthermore, tissue samples from patients suffering from biofilm infections were collected and evaluated by histology. MRP-14 concentration in blood samples was measured. We were able to show that biofilms, the EPS and GroEL induce DNA release. MRP-14 was only released after stimulation with EPS, not GroEL. Histology of tissue samples revealed MRP-14 positive cells in association with neutrophil infiltration and MRP-14 concentration was elevated in blood samples of patients suffering from biofilm infections. Our data demonstrate that neutrophil-activating entities are present in the EPS and that GroEL induces DNA release by neutrophils. © FEMS 2016. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

The htpAB operon of Legionella pneumophila cannot be deleted in the presence of the groE chaperonin operon of Escherichia coli.

Science.gov (United States)

Nasrallah, Gheyath K; Gagnon, Elizabeth; Orton, Dennis J; Garduño, Rafael A

2011-11-01

HtpB, the chaperonin of the intracellular bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila , displays several virulence-related functions in vitro. To confirm HtpB's role in vivo, host infections with an htpB deletion mutant would be required. However, we previously reported that the htpAB operon (encoding co-chaperonin and chaperonin) is essential. We attempted here to delete htpAB in a L. pneumophila strain carrying the groE operon (encoding the Escherichia coli co-chaperonin and chaperonin). The groE operon was inserted into the chromosome of L. pneumophila Lp02, and then allelic replacement of htpAB with a gentamicin resistance cassette was attempted. Although numerous potential postallelic replacement transformants showed a correct selection phenotype, we still detected htpAB by PCR and full-size HtpB by immunoblot. Southern blot and PCR analysis indicated that the gentamicin resistance cassette had apparently integrated in a duplicated htpAB region. However, we showed by Southern blot that strain Lp02, and the Lp02 derivative carrying the groE operon, have only one copy of htpAB. These results confirmed that the htpAB operon cannot be deleted, not even in the presence of the groE operon, and suggested that attempts to delete htpAB under strong phenotypic selection result in aberrant genetic recombinations that could involve duplication of the htpAB locus.

Simultaneous NuSTAR/Chandra Observations of The Bursting Pulsar GRO J1744-28 During Its Third Reactivation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Younes, G.; Kouveliotou, C.; Grefenstette, B. W.

2015-01-01

We report on a 10 ks simultaneous Chandra/High Energy Transmission Grating (HETG)-Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observation of the Bursting Pulsar, GRO J1744-28, during its third detected outburst since discovery and after nearly 18 yr of quiescence. The source is detected up to 60...

The accretion powered spin-up of GRO J1750-27

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Shaw, S.E.; Hill, A.B.; Kuulkers, E.

2009-01-01

The timing properties of the 4.45 s pulsar in the Be X-ray binary system GRO J1750-27 are examined using hard X-ray data from INTEGRAL and Swift during a type II outburst observed during 2008. The orbital parameters of the system are measured and agree well with those found during the last known...... outburst of the system in 1995. Correcting the effects of the Doppler shifting of the period, due to the orbital motion of the pulsar, leads to the detection of an intrinsic spin-up that is well described by a simple model including. P and P terms of - 7.5 x 10(-10) s s(-1) and 1 x 10(-16) s s(-2...

Co-administration of rIpaB domain of Shigella with rGroEL of S. Typhi enhances the immune responses and protective efficacy against Shigella infection.

Science.gov (United States)

Chitradevi, Sekar Tamil Selvi; Kaur, Gurpreet; Uppalapati, Sivaramakrishna; Yadav, Anandprakash; Singh, Dependrapratap; Bansal, Anju

2015-11-01

Shigella species cause severe bacillary dysentery in humans and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The Invasion plasmid antigen (IpaB) protein, which is conserved across all Shigella spp., induces macrophage cell death and is required to invade host cells. The present study evaluates the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the recombinant (r) domain region of IpaB (rIpaB) of S. flexneri. rIpaB was administered either alone or was co-administered with the rGroEL (heat shock protein 60) protein from S. Typhi as an adjuvant in a mouse model of intranasal immunization. The IpaB domain region (37 kDa) of S. flexneri was amplified from an invasion plasmid, cloned, expressed in BL21 Escherichia coli cells and purified. Immunization with the rIpaB domain alone stimulated both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Furthermore, robust antibody (IgG, IgA) and T-cell responses were induced when the rIpaB domain was co-administered with rGroEL. Antibody isotyping revealed higher IgG1 and IgG2a antibody titers and increased interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion in the co-administered group. Immunization of mice with the rIpaB domain alone protected 60%-70% of the mice from lethal infection by S. flexneri, S. boydii and S. sonnei, whereas co-administration with rGroEL increased the protective efficacy to 80%-85%. Organ burden and histopathological studies also revealed a significant reduction in lung infection in the co-immunized mice compared with mice immunized with the rIpaB domain alone. This study emphasizes that the co-administration of the rIpaB domain and rGroEL protein improves immune responses in mice and increases protective efficacy against Shigella infection. This is also the first report to evaluate the potential of the GroEL (Hsp 60) protein of S. Typhi as an adjuvant molecule, thereby overcoming the need for commercial adjuvants.

Suppression of the Escherichia coli ssb-1 mutation by an allele of groEL.

OpenAIRE

Ruben, S M; VanDenBrink-Webb, S E; Rein, D C; Meyer, R R

1988-01-01

A series of spontaneous suppressors to the temperature-sensitive phenotype of the single-stranded DNA-binding protein mutation ssb-1 were isolated. A genomic library of EcoRI fragments from one of these suppressor strains was prepared by using pBR325 as the cloning vector. A 10.0-kilobase class of inserts was identified as carrying the ssb-1 gene itself. A second class of 8.3-kilobase inserts was shown to contain the groE region by (i) restriction analysis, (ii) Southern hybridization of the ...

Der Ausbau des Hochrheins zur Schifffahrtsstraße - Die Geschichte eines gescheiterten Großprojekts

OpenAIRE

Steiner, Rudolf

2006-01-01

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit Genese, Verfall und Scheitern eines der ehrgeizigsten technischen Großprojekte des 20. Jahrhunderts im süddeutschen Raum – dem Ausbau des Rheinabschnitts zwischen Basel und dem Bodensee zu einer schiffbaren Wasserstraße. Hatte es bereits seit dem Mittelalter mehrere erfolglose Versuche gegeben, die zahlreichen natürlichen Hindernisse auf dem Hochrhein, wie die genannte Strecke bezeichnet wird, zum Zwecke einer durchgängigen Schifffahrt bis zum Bodensee ...

Electron microscopy and image analysis of the GroEL-like protein and its complexes with glutamine synthetase from pea leaves

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tsuprun, Vladimir L.; Boekema, Egbert J.; Pushkin, Alexander V.; Tagunova, Irina V.

1992-01-01

The molecular structure of groEL-like protein from pea leaves has been studied by electron microscopy and image analysis of negatively stained particles. Over 1500 molecular projections were selected and classified by multivariate statistical analysis. It was shown that the molecule consists of 14

The morphogenesis of herpes simplex virus type 1 in infected parental mouse L fibroblasts and mutant gro29 cells

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Helle Lone; Norrild, Bodil

2003-01-01

Mutants of cell lines and viruses are important biological tools. The pathway of herpesvirus particle maturation and egress are contentious issues. The mutant gro29 line of mouse L cells is defective for egress of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) virions, and a candidate for studies of virus...

A combination of luxR1 and luxR2 genes activates Pr-promoters of psychrophilic Aliivibrio logei lux-operon independently of chaperonin GroEL/ES and protease Lon at high concentrations of autoinducer.

Science.gov (United States)

Konopleva, Maria N; Khrulnova, Svetlana A; Baranova, Ancha; Ekimov, Leonid V; Bazhenov, Sergey V; Goryanin, Ignatiy I; Manukhov, Ilya V

2016-05-13

Lux-operon of psychrophilic bacteria Aliivibrio logei contains two copies of luxR and is regulated by Type I quorum sensing (QS). Activation of lux-operon of psychrophilic bacteria A. logei by LuxR1 requires about 100 times higher concentrations of autoinducer (AI) than the activation by LuxR2. On the other hand, LuxR1 does not require GroEL/ES chaperonin for its folding and cannot be degraded by protease Lon, while LuxR2 sensitive to Lon and requires GroEL/ES. Here we show that at 10(-5) - 10(-4)М concentrations of AI a combination of luxR1 and luxR2 products is capable of activating the Pr-promoters of A. logei lux-operon in Escherichia coli independently of GroEL/ES and protease Lon. The presence of LuxR1 assists LuxR2 in gro(-) cells when AI was added at high concentration, while at low concentration of AI in a cell LuxR1 decreases the LuxR2 activity. These observations may be explained by the formation of LuxR1/LuxR2 heterodimers that act in complex with AI independently from GroEL/ES and protease Lon. This study expands current understanding of QS regulation in A. logei as it implies cooperative regulation of lux-operon by LuxR1 and LuxR2 proteins. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Co-overexpression of bacterial GroESL chaperonins partly overcomes non-productive folding and tetramer assembly of E. coli-expressed human medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) carrying the prevalent disease-causing K304E mutation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bross, P; Andresen, B S; Winter, V

1993-01-01

, tetramer formation and yield of enzyme activity of wild-type MCAD is largely independent of GroESL co-overexpression; (ii) the larger part of the K304Q mutant is insoluble without and solubility is enhanced with GroESL co-overexpression; solubility correlates with the amount of tetramer detected...... and the enzyme activity measured as observed for the wild-type protein. (iii) Solubility of the K304E mutant is in a similar fashion GroESL responsive as the K304Q mutant, but the amount of tetramer observed and the enzyme activity measured do not correlate with the amount of soluble K304E MCAD protein detected...

Assessing Reliability and Validity of the "GroPromo" Audit Tool for Evaluation of Grocery Store Marketing and Promotional Environments

Science.gov (United States)

Kerr, Jacqueline; Sallis, James F.; Bromby, Erica; Glanz, Karen

2012-01-01

Objective: To evaluate reliability and validity of a new tool for assessing the placement and promotional environment in grocery stores. Methods: Trained observers used the "GroPromo" instrument in 40 stores to code the placement of 7 products in 9 locations within a store, along with other promotional characteristics. To test construct validity,…

Selecting chemical and ecotoxicological test batteries for risk assessment of trace element-contaminated soils (phyto)managed by gentle remediation options (GRO).

Science.gov (United States)

Kumpiene, Jurate; Bert, Valérie; Dimitriou, Ioannis; Eriksson, Jan; Friesl-Hanl, Wolfgang; Galazka, Rafal; Herzig, Rolf; Janssen, Jolien; Kidd, Petra; Mench, Michel; Müller, Ingo; Neu, Silke; Oustriere, Nadège; Puschenreiter, Markus; Renella, Giancarlo; Roumier, Pierre-Hervé; Siebielec, Grzegorz; Vangronsveld, Jaco; Manier, Nicolas

2014-10-15

During the past decades a number of field trials with gentle remediation options (GRO) have been established on trace element (TE) contaminated sites throughout Europe. Each research group selects different methods to assess the remediation success making it difficult to compare efficacy between various sites and treatments. This study aimed at selecting a minimum risk assessment battery combining chemical and ecotoxicological assays for assessing and comparing the effectiveness of GRO implemented in seven European case studies. Two test batteries were pre-selected; a chemical one for quantifying TE exposure in untreated soils and GRO-managed soils and a biological one for characterizing soil functionality and ecotoxicity. Soil samples from field studies representing one of the main GROs (phytoextraction in Belgium, Sweden, Germany and Switzerland, aided phytoextraction in France, and aided phytostabilization or in situ stabilization/phytoexclusion in Poland, France and Austria) were collected and assessed using the selected test batteries. The best correlations were obtained between NH4NO3-extractable, followed by NaNO3-extractable TE and the ecotoxicological responses. Biometrical parameters and biomarkers of dwarf beans were the most responsive indicators for the soil treatments and changes in soil TE exposures. Plant growth was inhibited at the higher extractable TE concentrations, while plant stress enzyme activities increased with the higher TE extractability. Based on these results, a minimum risk assessment battery to compare/biomonitor the sites phytomanaged by GROs might consist of the NH4NO3 extraction and the bean Plantox test including the stress enzyme activities. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Bursting Pulsar GRO J1744-28: the Slowest Transitional Pulsar?

Science.gov (United States)

Court, J. M. C.; Altamirano, D.; Sanna, A.

2018-04-01

GRO J1744-28 (the Bursting Pulsar) is a neutron star LMXB which shows highly structured X-ray variability near the end of its X-ray outbursts. In this letter we show that this variability is analogous to that seen in Transitional Millisecond Pulsars such as PSR J1023+0038: `missing link' systems consisting of a pulsar nearing the end of its recycling phase. As such, we show that the Bursting Pulsar may also be associated with this class of objects. We discuss the implications of this scenario; in particular, we discuss the fact that the Bursting Pulsar has a significantly higher spin period and magnetic field than any other known Transitional Pulsar. If the Bursting Pulsar is indeed transitional, then this source opens a new window of oppurtunity to test our understanding of these systems in an entirely unexplored physical regime.

B/Ordering in der Großregion. Mobilitäten – Grenzen – Identitäten

OpenAIRE

Wille, Christian

2014-01-01

Die Akteure der regionalpolitischen Zusammenarbeit in der Großregion bemühen oft die Vor-stellung einer grenzüberschreitenden Identität, um Kooperationsfortschritte zu bilanzieren. Die (Un-)Möglichkeit einer solchen Identität wird in diesem Beitrag anhand von empirischen Ergebnissen diskutiert. Dafür werden Grenzgänger betrachtet, stehen sie doch besonders im Verdacht eine grenzüberschreitende Identität zu entwickeln. Daneben werden die Bewohner Luxemburgs in den Blick genommen, die aufgrund ...

The immobilization of heavy metals in soil by bioaugmentation of a UV-mutant Bacillus subtilis 38 assisted by NovoGro biostimulation and changes of soil microbial community

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Ting [MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China); Urban Transport Emission Control Research Centre, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China); Sun, Hongwen, E-mail: sunhongwen@nankai.edu.cn [MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China); Mao, Hongjun [Urban Transport Emission Control Research Centre, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China); Zhang, Yanfeng; Wang, Cuiping; Zhang, Zhiyuan; Wang, Baolin; Sun, Lei [MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China)

2014-08-15

Highlights: • A UV-mutated species, Bacillus subtilis 38, is a good sorbent for multi-metals (Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb). • B38 mixed with NovoGro exhibited a synergetic effect on the immobilization of heavy metals in soil. • DTPA, M3 and BCR were suitable for predicting metal bioavailability for specific classes of plant. • The NovoGro could enhance the proliferation of both exotic B38 and native microbes. • It's a practical strategy for the remediation of actual farmland polluted by multi-heavy metals. - Abstract: Bacillus subtilis 38 (B38) is a mutant species of Bacillus subtilis acquired by UV irradiation with high cadmium tolerance. This study revealed that B38 was a good biosorbent for the adsorption of multiple heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, mercury, and lead). Simultaneous application of B38 and NovoGro (SNB) exhibited a synergetic effect on the immobilization of heavy metals in soil. The heavy metal concentrations in the edible part of the tested plants (lettuce, radish, and soybean) under SNB treatment decreased by 55.4–97.9% compared to the control. Three single extraction methods, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), Mehlich 3 (M3), and the first step of the Community Bureau of Reference method (BCR1), showed good predictive capacities for metal bioavailability to leafy, rhizome, and leguminous plant, respectively. The polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE) profiles revealed that NovoGro could enhance the proliferation of both exotic B38 and native microbes. Finally, the technology was checked in the field, the reduction in heavy metal concentrations in the edible part of radish was in the range between 30.8% and 96.0% after bioremediation by SNB treatment. This study provides a practical strategy for the remediation of farmland contaminated by multiple heavy metals.

The immobilization of heavy metals in soil by bioaugmentation of a UV-mutant Bacillus subtilis 38 assisted by NovoGro biostimulation and changes of soil microbial community

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Ting; Sun, Hongwen; Mao, Hongjun; Zhang, Yanfeng; Wang, Cuiping; Zhang, Zhiyuan; Wang, Baolin; Sun, Lei

2014-01-01

Highlights: • A UV-mutated species, Bacillus subtilis 38, is a good sorbent for multi-metals (Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb). • B38 mixed with NovoGro exhibited a synergetic effect on the immobilization of heavy metals in soil. • DTPA, M3 and BCR were suitable for predicting metal bioavailability for specific classes of plant. • The NovoGro could enhance the proliferation of both exotic B38 and native microbes. • It's a practical strategy for the remediation of actual farmland polluted by multi-heavy metals. - Abstract: Bacillus subtilis 38 (B38) is a mutant species of Bacillus subtilis acquired by UV irradiation with high cadmium tolerance. This study revealed that B38 was a good biosorbent for the adsorption of multiple heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, mercury, and lead). Simultaneous application of B38 and NovoGro (SNB) exhibited a synergetic effect on the immobilization of heavy metals in soil. The heavy metal concentrations in the edible part of the tested plants (lettuce, radish, and soybean) under SNB treatment decreased by 55.4–97.9% compared to the control. Three single extraction methods, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), Mehlich 3 (M3), and the first step of the Community Bureau of Reference method (BCR1), showed good predictive capacities for metal bioavailability to leafy, rhizome, and leguminous plant, respectively. The polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE) profiles revealed that NovoGro could enhance the proliferation of both exotic B38 and native microbes. Finally, the technology was checked in the field, the reduction in heavy metal concentrations in the edible part of radish was in the range between 30.8% and 96.0% after bioremediation by SNB treatment. This study provides a practical strategy for the remediation of farmland contaminated by multiple heavy metals

GroEL and dnaK genes of Escherichia coli are induced by UV irradiation and nalidixic acid in an htpR+-dependent fashion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krueger, J.H.; Walker, G.C.

1984-01-01

Two proteins with molecular weights of 61,000 and 73,000 were found to be induced by UV light in Escherichia coli mutants in which the SOS responses are constitutively expressed. The induction of these proteins by UV light and nalidixic acid was shown to be independent of the recA + lexA + regulatory system. Analysis of these proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and comparison with the heat-shock proteins of E. coli revealed that the M/sub r/ 61,000 protein comigrated with the groEL gene product, that the M/sub r/ 73,000 protein comigrated with the dnaK gene product, and that other heat-shock proteins were also induced. The induction of groEL and dnaK by UV light and nalidixic acid is controlled by the htpR locus. The results suggest that the regulatory response of E. coli to agents such as UV light and nalidixic acid is more complex than previously thought. 35 references, 6 figures, 1 table

Simultaneous fits in ISIS on the example of GRO J1008-57

Science.gov (United States)

Kühnel, Matthias; Müller, Sebastian; Kreykenbohm, Ingo; Schwarm, Fritz-Walter; Grossberger, Christoph; Dauser, Thomas; Pottschmidt, Katja; Ferrigno, Carlo; Rothschild, Richard E.; Klochkov, Dmitry; Staubert, Rüdiger; Wilms, Joern

2015-04-01

Parallel computing and steadily increasing computation speed have led to a new tool for analyzing multiple datasets and datatypes: fitting several datasets simultaneously. With this technique, physically connected parameters of individual data can be treated as a single parameter by implementing this connection into the fit directly. We discuss the terminology, implementation, and possible issues of simultaneous fits based on the X-ray data analysis tool Interactive Spectral Interpretation System (ISIS). While all data modeling tools in X-ray astronomy allow in principle fitting data from multiple data sets individually, the syntax used in these tools is not often well suited for this task. Applying simultaneous fits to the transient X-ray binary GRO J1008-57, we find that the spectral shape is only dependent on X-ray flux. We determine time independent parameters such as, e.g., the folding energy E_fold, with unprecedented precision.

Discovery and Orbital Determination of the Transient X-Ray Pulsar GRO J1750-27

Science.gov (United States)

Scott, D. M.; Finger, M. H.; Wilson, R. B.; Koh, D. T.; Prince, T. A.; Vaughan, B. A.; Chakrabarty, D.

1997-01-01

We report on the discovery and hard X-ray (20 - 70 keV) observations of the 4.45 s period transient X-ray pulsar GRO J1750-27 with the BATSE all-sky monitor on board CGRO. A relatively faint out- burst (less than 30 mcrab peak) lasting at least 60 days was observed during which the spin-up rate peaked at 38 pHz/s and was correlated with the pulsed intensity. An orbit with a period of 29.8 days was found. The large spin-up rate, spin period, and orbital period together suggest that accretion is occurring from a disk and that the outburst is a "giant" outburst typical of a Be/X-ray transient system. No optical counterpart has yet been reported.

Strontium-Substituted Bioceramics Particles: A New Way to Modulate MCP-1 and Gro-α Production by Human Primary Osteoblastic Cells

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Julien Braux

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Background: To avoid morbidity and limited availability associated with autografts, synthetic calcium phosphate (CaP ceramics were extensively developed and used as bone filling materials. Controlling their induced-inflammatory response nevertheless remained a major concern. Strontium-containing CaP ceramics were recently demonstrated for impacting cytokines’ secretion pattern of human primary monocytes. The present study focuses on the ability of strontium-containing CaP to control the human primary bone cell production of two major inflammatory and pro-osteoclastogenic mediators, namely MCP-1 and Gro-α, in response to ceramics particles. Methods: This in vitro study was performed using human primary osteoblasts in which their response to ceramics was evaluated by PCR arrays, antibody arrays were used for screening and real-time PCR and ELISA for more focused analyses. Results: Study of mRNA and protein expression highlights that human primary bone cells are able to produce these inflammatory mediators and reveal that the adjunction of CaP in the culture medium leads to their enhanced production. Importantly, the current work determines the down-regulating effect of strontium-substituted CaP on MCP-1 and Gro-α production. Conclusion: Our findings point out a new capability of strontium to modulate human primary bone cells’ communication with the immune system.

SIMULTANEOUS FITS IN ISIS ON THE EXAMPLE OF GRO J1008–57

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M. Kühnel

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Parallel computing and steadily increasing computation speed have led to a new tool for analyzing multiple datasets and datatypes: fitting several datasets simultaneously.  With this technique, physically connected parameters of individual data can be treated as a single parameter by implementing this connection directly into the fit. We discuss the terminology, implementation, and possible issues of simultaneous fits based on the Interactive Spectral Interpretation System (ISIS X-ray data analysis tool. While all data modeling tools in X-ray astronomy in principle allow data to be fitted individually from multiple data sets, the syntax used in these tools is not often well suited for this task. Applying simultaneous fits to the transient X-ray binary GRO J1008–57, we find that the spectral shape is only dependent on X-ray flux. We determine time independent parameters e.g., the folding energy Efold, with unprecedented precision.

Microbial community structure and activity in trace element-contaminated soils phytomanaged by Gentle Remediation Options (GRO).

Science.gov (United States)

Touceda-González, M; Prieto-Fernández, Á; Renella, G; Giagnoni, L; Sessitsch, A; Brader, G; Kumpiene, J; Dimitriou, I; Eriksson, J; Friesl-Hanl, W; Galazka, R; Janssen, J; Mench, M; Müller, I; Neu, S; Puschenreiter, M; Siebielec, G; Vangronsveld, J; Kidd, P S

2017-12-01

Gentle remediation options (GRO) are based on the combined use of plants, associated microorganisms and soil amendments, which can potentially restore soil functions and quality. We studied the effects of three GRO (aided-phytostabilisation, in situ stabilisation and phytoexclusion, and aided-phytoextraction) on the soil microbial biomass and respiration, the activities of hydrolase enzymes involved in the biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P, and S, and bacterial community structure of trace element contaminated soils (TECS) from six field trials across Europe. Community structure was studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting of Bacteria, α- and β-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Streptomycetaceae, and sequencing of DGGE bands characteristic of specific treatments. The number of copies of genes involved in ammonia oxidation and denitrification were determined by qPCR. Phytomanagement increased soil microbial biomass at three sites and respiration at the Biogeco site (France). Enzyme activities were consistently higher in treated soils compared to untreated soils at the Biogeco site. At this site, microbial biomass increased from 696 to 2352 mg ATP kg -1 soil, respiration increased from 7.4 to 40.1 mg C-CO 2 kg -1 soil d -1 , and enzyme activities were 2-11-fold higher in treated soils compared to untreated soil. Phytomanagement induced shifts in the bacterial community structure at both, the total community and functional group levels, and generally increased the number of copies of genes involved in the N cycle (nirK, nirS, nosZ, and amoA). The influence of the main soil physico-chemical properties and trace element availability were assessed and eventual site-specific effects elucidated. Overall, our results demonstrate that phytomanagement of TECS influences soil biological activity in the long term. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

What a Girl! Fighting Gentleness in the Picture Book World: An Analysis of the Norwegian Picture Book "What a Girl!" by Gro Dahle and Svein Nyhus

Science.gov (United States)

Maagerø, Eva; Østbye, Guri Lorentzen

2017-01-01

The Norwegian picture book "What a Girl!" (original title "Snill") by Gro Dahle and Svein Nyhus was published 2011 and immediately gained a large audience. The book tells the story about a girl who always behaves in the ways expected of her: she never confronts her parents, her teacher or her classmates. This behaviour makes…

Tracing the Jet Contribution to the Mid-IR over the 2005 Outburst of GRO J1655-40 via Broadband Spectral Modeling

Science.gov (United States)

Migliari, S.; Tomsick, J. A.; Markoff, S.; Kalemci, E.; Bailyn, C. D.; Buxton, M.; Corbel, S; Fender, R. P.; Kaaret, P.

2007-01-01

We present new results from a multi-wavelength (radio/infrared/optical/X-ray) study of the black hole Xray binary GRO 51655-40 during its 2005 outburst. We detected, for the first time, mid-infrared emission at 24 micron from the compact jet of a black hole X-ray binary during its hard state, when the source shows emission from a radio compact jet, as well as a strong non-thermal hard X-ray component. These detections strongly constrain the optically thick part of the synchrotron spectrum of the compact jet, which is consistent with it being flat over 4 orders of magnitude in frequency. Moreover, using this unprecedented coverage, and especially thanks to the new Spitzer observations, we can test broadband disk and jet models during the hard state. Two of the hard-state broadband spectra are reasonably well fitted using a jet model with parameters that overall are similar to those previously found for Cyg X-1 and GX 339-4. Differences are also present; most notably, the jet power in GRO J1655-40 appears to be a factor of at least approximately 3-5 higher (depending on the distance) than those of Cyg X-1 and GX-339-4 at comparable disk luminosities. Furthermore, a few discrepancies between the model and the data, previously not found for the other two black hole systems for which there was no mid-IR/IR and optical coverage, are evident, and will help to constrain and refine theoretical models.

A SUPER-EDDINGTON, COMPTON-THICK WIND IN GRO J1655–40?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neilsen, J.; Homan, J. [MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Rahoui, F. [European Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching bei Munchen (Germany); Buxton, M., E-mail: jneilsen@space.mit.edu [Department of Astronomy, Yale University, P.O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101 (United States)

2016-05-01

During its 2005 outburst, GRO J1655–40 was observed at high spectral resolution with the Chandra High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer, revealing a spectrum rich with blueshifted absorption lines indicative of an accretion disk wind—apparently too hot, too dense, and too close to the black hole to be driven by radiation pressure or thermal pressure (Miller et al.). However, this exotic wind represents just one piece of the puzzle in this outburst, as its presence coincides with an extremely soft and curved X-ray continuum spectrum, remarkable X-ray variability (Uttley and Klein-Wolt), and a bright, unexpected optical/infrared blackbody component that varies on the orbital period. Focusing on the X-ray continuum and the optical/infrared/UV spectral energy distribution, we argue that the unusual features of this “hypersoft state” are natural consequences of a super-Eddington Compton-thick wind from the disk: the optical/infrared blackbody represents the cool photosphere of a dense, extended outflow, while the X-ray emission is explained as Compton scattering by the relatively cool, optically thick wind. This wind obscures the intrinsic luminosity of the inner disk, which we suggest may have been at or above the Eddington limit.

Allosteric transitions of supramolecular systems explored by network models: application to chaperonin GroEL.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zheng Yang

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Identification of pathways involved in the structural transitions of biomolecular systems is often complicated by the transient nature of the conformations visited across energy barriers and the multiplicity of paths accessible in the multidimensional energy landscape. This task becomes even more challenging in exploring molecular systems on the order of megadaltons. Coarse-grained models that lend themselves to analytical solutions appear to be the only possible means of approaching such cases. Motivated by the utility of elastic network models for describing the collective dynamics of biomolecular systems and by the growing theoretical and experimental evidence in support of the intrinsic accessibility of functional substates, we introduce a new method, adaptive anisotropic network model (aANM, for exploring functional transitions. Application to bacterial chaperonin GroEL and comparisons with experimental data, results from action minimization algorithm, and previous simulations support the utility of aANM as a computationally efficient, yet physically plausible, tool for unraveling potential transition pathways sampled by large complexes/assemblies. An important outcome is the assessment of the critical inter-residue interactions formed/broken near the transition state(s, most of which involve conserved residues.

Properties of the Second Outburst of the Bursting Pulsar (GRO J1744-28) as Observed with BASTE

Science.gov (United States)

Woods, Peter M.; Kouveliotou, Chryssa; VanParadus, Jan; Briggs, Michael S.; Wilson, C. A.; Deal, Kim; Harmon, B. A.; Fishman, G. J.; Lewin, W. H. G.; Kommers, J.

1999-01-01

One year after its discovery, the Bursting Pulsar (GRO J1744-28) went into outburst again, displaying the hard X-ray bursts and pulsations that make this source unique. We report on BATSE (Burst and Transient Source Experiment) observations of both the persistent and burst emission for this second outburst and draw comparisons with the first. The second outburst was smaller than the first in both duration and peak luminosity. The persistent flux, burst peak flux, and burst fluence were all reduced in amplitude by a factor of approximately 1.7. Despite these differences, the two outbursts were very similar with respect to the burst occurrence rate, the durations and spectra of bursts, the absence of spectral evolution during bursts, and the evolution of the ratio alpha of average persistent to burst luminosity. Although no spectral evolution was found within individual bursts, we find evidence for a small (20%) variation of the spectral temperature during the course of the second outburst.

The immobilization of heavy metals in soil by bioaugmentation of a UV-mutant Bacillus subtilis 38 assisted by NovoGro biostimulation and changes of soil microbial community.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Ting; Sun, Hongwen; Mao, Hongjun; Zhang, Yanfeng; Wang, Cuiping; Zhang, Zhiyuan; Wang, Baolin; Sun, Lei

2014-08-15

Bacillus subtilis 38 (B38) is a mutant species of Bacillus subtilis acquired by UV irradiation with high cadmium tolerance. This study revealed that B38 was a good biosorbent for the adsorption of multiple heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, mercury, and lead). Simultaneous application of B38 and NovoGro (SNB) exhibited a synergetic effect on the immobilization of heavy metals in soil. The heavy metal concentrations in the edible part of the tested plants (lettuce, radish, and soybean) under SNB treatment decreased by 55.4-97.9% compared to the control. Three single extraction methods, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), Mehlich 3 (M3), and the first step of the Community Bureau of Reference method (BCR1), showed good predictive capacities for metal bioavailability to leafy, rhizome, and leguminous plant, respectively. The polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) profiles revealed that NovoGro could enhance the proliferation of both exotic B38 and native microbes. Finally, the technology was checked in the field, the reduction in heavy metal concentrations in the edible part of radish was in the range between 30.8% and 96.0% after bioremediation by SNB treatment. This study provides a practical strategy for the remediation of farmland contaminated by multiple heavy metals. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Die Facharztweiterbildung in Großbritannien oder die "Modernisierung der ärztlichen Karrieren" [Modernising Medical Careers

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du Moulin, Marcel

2007-05-01

Full Text Available [english] This paper analyses the reform of postgraduate medical education introduced in the United Kingdom in 2003 under the heading "Modernising Medical Careers“. This nationally standardised and structured postgraduate medical training was started in 2005. The analysis includes the transition from undergraduate to postgraduate education, the new responsibilities in postgraduate education, the application process and the mode of distribution of the positions and the relationship of posts with and without postgraduate training opportunities. Possible consequences for postgraduate training and for the trainees are discussed. [german] Die Arbeit beschreibt und analysiert die Reform der Facharztweiterbildung in Großbritannien, die 2003 unter dem Titel "Modernising Medical Careers“ eingeführt wurde und seit 2005 umgesetzt wird. Vorgestellt werden der Übergang von der Ausbildung zur Weiterbildung, die neuen Zuständigkeiten für die Weiterbildung, das Auswahlverfahren und der Verteilungsmodus der Weiterbildungsstellen sowie das Verhältnis von Stellen mit und ohne Facharztperspektive. Die potenziellen Folgen für die Facharztweiterbildung und für die Weitergebildeten werden diskutiert.

Properties of the Second Outburst of the Bursting Pulsar (GRO J1744-28) as Observed with BATSE

Science.gov (United States)

Woods, P.; Kouveliotou, C.; vanParadijs, J.; Briggs, M. S.; Wilson, C. A.; Deal, K. J.; Harmon, B. A.; Fishman, G. J.; Lewin, W. H.; Kommers, J.

1998-01-01

One year after its discovery, the Bursting Pulsar (GRO J1744-28) went into outburst again, displaying the hard X-ray bursts and pulsations that make this source unique. We report on Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) observations of both the persistent and burst emission for this second outburst and draw comparisons to the first. The second outburst was smaller than the first in both duration and peak luminosity. The persistent flux, burst peak flux and burst fluence were all reduced in amplitude by a factor approximately 1.7. Despite these differences, the average burst occurrence rate and average burst durations were roughly the same through each outburst. Similar to the first outburst, no spectral evolution was found within bursts and the parameter alpha was very small at the start of the outburst (alpha = 2.1 +/- 1.7 on 1996 December 2). Although no spectral evolution was found within individual bursts, we find evidence for a small (20%) variation of the spectral temperature during the course of the second outburst.

Seismic Noise Analysis and Reduction through Utilization of Collocated Seismic and Atmospheric Sensors at the GRO Chile Seismic Network

Science.gov (United States)

Farrell, M. E.; Russo, R. M.

2013-12-01

The installation of Earthscope Transportable Array-style geophysical observatories in Chile expands open data seismic recording capabilities in the southern hemisphere by nearly 30%, and has nearly tripled the number of seismic stations providing freely-available data in southern South America. Through the use of collocated seismic and atmospheric sensors at these stations we are able to analyze how local atmospheric conditions generate seismic noise, which can degrade data in seismic frequency bands at stations in the ';roaring forties' (S latitudes). Seismic vaults that are climate-controlled and insulated from the local environment are now employed throughout the world in an attempt to isolate seismometers from as many noise sources as possible. However, this is an expensive solution that is neither practical nor possible for all seismic deployments; and also, the increasing number and scope of temporary seismic deployments has resulted in the collection and archiving of terabytes of seismic data that is affected to some degree by natural seismic noise sources such as wind and atmospheric pressure changes. Changing air pressure can result in a depression and subsequent rebound of Earth's surface - which generates low frequency noise in seismic frequency bands - and even moderate winds can apply enough force to ground-coupled structures or to the surface above the seismometers themselves, resulting in significant noise. The 10 stations of the permanent Geophysical Reporting Observatories (GRO Chile), jointly installed during 2011-12 by IRIS and the Chilean Servicio Sismológico, include instrumentation in addition to the standard three seismic components. These stations, spaced approximately 300 km apart along the length of the country, continuously record a variety of atmospheric data including infrasound, air pressure, wind speed, and wind direction. The collocated seismic and atmospheric sensors at each station allow us to analyze both datasets together, to

Synergistic Roles of Helicobacter pylori Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase and GroEL in Repairing Oxidant-damaged Catalase*

Science.gov (United States)

Mahawar, Manish; Tran, ViLinh; Sharp, Joshua S.; Maier, Robert J.

2011-01-01

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) produced via the enzyme myeloperoxidase is a major antibacterial oxidant produced by neutrophils, and Met residues are considered primary amino acid targets of HOCl damage via conversion to Met sulfoxide. Met sulfoxide can be repaired back to Met by methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr). Catalase is an important antioxidant enzyme; we show it constitutes 4–5% of the total Helicobacter pylori protein levels. msr and katA strains were about 14- and 4-fold, respectively, more susceptible than the parent to killing by the neutrophil cell line HL-60 cells. Catalase activity of an msr strain was much more reduced by HOCl exposure than for the parental strain. Treatment of pure catalase with HOCl caused oxidation of specific MS-identified Met residues, as well as structural changes and activity loss depending on the oxidant dose. Treatment of catalase with HOCl at a level to limit structural perturbation (at a catalase/HOCl molar ratio of 1:60) resulted in oxidation of six identified Met residues. Msr repaired these residues in an in vitro reconstituted system, but no enzyme activity could be recovered. However, addition of GroEL to the Msr repair mixture significantly enhanced catalase activity recovery. Neutrophils produce large amounts of HOCl at inflammation sites, and bacterial catalase may be a prime target of the host inflammatory response; at high concentrations of HOCl (1:100), we observed loss of catalase secondary structure, oligomerization, and carbonylation. The same HOCl-sensitive Met residue oxidation targets in catalase were detected using chloramine-T as a milder oxidant. PMID:21460217

Multiple Beneficial Health Effects of Natural Alkylglycerols from Shark Liver Oil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alain B. Legrand

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Alkylglycerols (alkyl-Gro are ether lipids abundant in the liver of some elasmobranch fish species such as ratfishes and some sharks. Shark liver oil from Centrophorus squamosus (SLO, or alkyl-Gro mix from this source, have several in vivo biological activities including stimulation of hematopoiesis and immunological defences, sperm quality improvement, or anti-tumor and anti-metastasis activities. Several mechanisms are suggested for these multiple activities, resulting from incorporation of alkyl-Gro into membrane phospholipids, and lipid signaling interactions. Natural alkyl-Gro mix from SLO contains several alkyl-Gro, varying by chain length and unsaturation. Six prominent constituents of natural alkyl-Gro mix, namely 12:0, 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 16:1 n-7, and 18:1 n-9 alkyl-Gro, were synthesized and tested for anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activities on a model of grafted tumor in mice (3LL cells. 16:1 and 18:1 alkyl-Gro showed strong activity in reducing lung metastasis number, while saturated alkyl-Gro had weaker (16:0 or no (12:0, 14:0, 18:0 effect. Multiple compounds and mechanisms are probably involved in the multiple activities of natural alkyl-Gro.

Extended abstracts from the eight international meeting on progress in radio-oncology (ICRO/OeGRO 8), Salzburg, May 16-19, 2007

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2007-12-15

This part of the journal includes 25 extended abstracts from the Eight International Meeting on Progress in Radio-Oncology ICRO/OeGRO8 in Salzburg, Austria (May 16-19, 2007): adaptive radiotherapy of prostate cancer; homoradiation of prostate cancer; radiation therapy, chemotherapy and combined chemoradiation in the management of malignant glioma; return of high-dose per fraction radiotherapy: paradigm change, lesson from the past; from bench to bedside: enhancing the effects of radiotherapy through biological escalation; gastric cancer: MAGIC or Macdonald; analysis of set-up errors in 70 consecutive patients treated for rectal carcinoma; molecular targeted therapy; teleradiooncology: telematics applications in therapeutic radiology and oncology; in-room guidance technologies for adaptive radiotherapy; dose escalation with photons - emerging technologies; late side-effects after pelvic irradiation; a frameless robotic stereotactic system for highly focused extracranial radiotherapy; altered fractionation in head and neck tumors: an alternative to chemotherapy; integration of molecular targeting with radiotherapy; OGRT pf prostate cancer patients based on CBCT and kV images; hyperfractionation in medulloblastoma; re-irradiation of recurrent prostate cancer; dose reduction of radiotherapy in early-stage testicular semimoma; photons versus protons; randomized clinical trials on postoperative radiotherapy for high-risk head and neck cancer; cardiac risk in multimodal breast cancer treatment; the use of hyperthermia treatment planning in clinical practice; presentation of the ICRU-IAEA Joint Report 'prescribing, recording, and reporting proton-beam therapy'.

Simultaneous NuSTAR/Chandra Observations of the Bursting Pulsar GRO J1744-28 During its Third Reactivation

Science.gov (United States)

Younes, G.; Kouveliotou, C.; Grefenstette, B. W.; Tomsick, J. A.; Tennant, A.; Finger, M. H.; Furst, F.; Pottschmidt, K.; Bhalerao, V.; Boggs, S. E.;

SIMULTANEOUS NuSTAR/CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF THE BURSTING PULSAR GRO J1744-28 DURING ITS THIRD REACTIVATION

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Younes, G.; Finger, M. H. [Universities Space Research Association, 6767 Old Madison Pike, Suite 450, Huntsville, AL 35806 (United States); Kouveliotou, C.; Tennant, A. [Astrophysics Office, ZP 12, NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812 (United States); Grefenstette, B. W.; Fürst, F. [Cahill Center for Astrophysics, 1216 East California Boulevard, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Tomsick, J. A.; Boggs, S. E.; Craig, W. W. [Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450 (United States); Pottschmidt, K. [Center for Space Science and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 (United States); Bhalerao, V. [Inter-University Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007 (India); Boirin, L. [Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, 11 Rue de l' Université, F-67000 Strasbourg (France); Chakrabarty, D. [Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Christensen, F. E. [DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby (Denmark); Degenaar, N. [Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Fabian, A. C. [Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA (United Kingdom); Gandhi, P. [Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE (United Kingdom); Göğüş, E. [Sabancı University, Orhanlı-Tuzla, İstanbul 34956 (Turkey); and others

2015-05-01

We report on a 10 ks simultaneous Chandra/High Energy Transmission Grating (HETG)–Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observation of the Bursting Pulsar, GRO J1744-28, during its third detected outburst since discovery and after nearly 18 yr of quiescence. The source is detected up to 60 keV with an Eddington persistent flux level. Seven bursts, followed by dips, are seen with Chandra, three of which are also detected with NuSTAR. Timing analysis reveals a slight increase in the persistent emission pulsed fraction with energy (from 10% to 15%) up to 10 keV, above which it remains constant. The 0.5–70 keV spectra of the persistent and dip emission are the same within errors and well described by a blackbody (BB), a power-law (PL) with an exponential rolloff, a 10 keV feature, and a 6.7 keV emission feature, all modified by neutral absorption. Assuming that the BB emission originates in an accretion disk, we estimate its inner (magnetospheric) radius to be about 4 × 10{sup 7} cm, which translates to a surface dipole field B ≈ 9 × 10{sup 10} G. The Chandra/HETG spectrum resolves the 6.7 keV feature into (quasi-)neutral and highly ionized Fe xxv and Fe xxvi emission lines. XSTAR modeling shows these lines to also emanate from a truncated accretion disk. The burst spectra, with a peak flux more than an order of magnitude higher than Eddington, are well fit with a PL with an exponential rolloff and a 10 keV feature, with similar fit values compared to the persistent and dip spectra. The burst spectra lack a thermal component and any Fe features. Anisotropic (beamed) burst emission would explain both the lack of the BB and any Fe components.

In situ sonochemical reduction and direct functionalization of graphene oxide: A robust approach with thermal and biomedical applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Maktedar, Shrikant S; Mehetre, Shantilal S; Avashthi, Gopal; Singh, Man

2017-01-01

The rapid, robust, scalable and non-hazardous sonochemical approach for in situ reduction and direct functionalization of graphene oxide has been developed for non-toxic biomedical applications. The graphene oxide (GrO) was directly functionalized with tryptamine (TA) without using any hazardous acylating and coupling reagents. The reaction was completed within 20min. An impact of ultrasound was inferred for a direct functionalization with other conventional methods. The evolved electronic states were confirmed with near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). The direct covalent functionalization and formation of f-(TA) GrO was proven with FTIR, 13 C solid state NMR, XPS, XRD, Raman' HRTEM, AFM and TGA. The total percentage weight loss in TGA confirms an enhanced thermal stability of f-(TA) GrO. The f-(TA) GrO was further explored for an investigation of in vitro antimicrobial activity to ensure the health and environmental safety. An outstanding antibacterial activity of f-(TA) GrO was found against gram positive Staphylococcus aureus at MIC 128mgmL -1 . It confirms a suitability of f-(TA) GrO for thermally stable antibacterial coating. The f-(TA) GrO showed 39.14-48.9% antioxidant activities, evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay. The inherent cytotoxicity of f-(TA) GrO was evaluated with SRB assay to living cells, MCF-7 and Vero. The estimated cell viabilities were >80% upon addition of f-(TA) GrO over a wide concentration range of 10-80μgmL -1 . The high cytocompatibility of f-(TA) GrO confirms the low toxicity and an excellent biocompatibility. The morphological effect on Vero cell line, evidently confirmed the biocompatibility of f-(TA) GrO. Therefore, f-(TA) GrO was emerged as an advanced functional biomaterial for thermal and biomedical applications. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Biosynthesis of platelet activating factor (PAF) via alternate pathways: subcellular distribution of products in HL-60 cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Record, M.; Snyder, F.

1986-01-01

Final steps in the biosynthesis of PAF can be catalyzed by two different routes: CDP-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-Gro cholinephosphotransferase [dithiothrietol (DTT)-insensitive] or acetyl-CoA:1-alkyl-2-lyso-GroPCho acetyltransferase. The authors have investigated the conversion of tritium-labeled 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-Gro and 1-alkyl-2-lyso-GroPCho (lyso-PAF) to PAF and other lipid products in HL-60 cells and in subcellular organelles isolated by centrifugation in a Percoll gradient. When cells are incubated with the labeled precursors (2 μM) the total amount of labeled PAF and 1-alkyl-2-acyl-GroPCho formed was similar from both precursors (60 pmol from 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-Gro and 50 pmol from lyso-PAF). However, PAF formed from 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-Gro represented 70% of the total products, whereas with lyso-PAF the major labeled product was 1-alkyl-2-acyl-GroPCho. Formation of PAF from 1-[ 3 H]alkyl-2-acetyl-Gro was linear to at least 30 min at 20 0 C. After a 15-min incubation of this neutral lipid with HL-60 cells, the labeled PAF produced was located exclusively in the plasma membrane fraction as opposed to the label in the 1-alkyl-2-acyl-GroPCho, which was found only in the endoplasmic reticulum; none of the labeled PAF product was released to the media. The authors results suggest PAF might be synthesized by the DTT-insensitive cholinephosphotransferase at the site of the plasma membrane in HL-60 cells

GRO modellen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Otto, Lars

Working Paperet indeholder overvejelser om en stokastisk model g dens brug til at beskrive økonomiske konsekvenser af forskellige behanslings- og kontrolstrategier ved mave-tarm og luftvejslidelser hos fravænnede grise og slagtesvin. Der er en beskrivelse af modellens struktur, data og brug. Mode....... Modellen er udarbejdet som led i CEPROS' forskningsprojekt "Decision support systemfor animal healt and economics within pig production"....

A high energy gamma ray astronomy experiment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hofstadter, R.

1988-01-01

The author describes work involving NASA's Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO). GRO exemplifies the near zero principle because it investigates new gamma ray phenomena by relying on the space program to take us into the region of zero interference above the earth's atmosphere. In its present form GRO has four experiments

Gender role orientation is associated with health-related quality of life differently among African-American, Hispanic, and White youth.

Science.gov (United States)

Scott, Sarah M; Wallander, Jan L; Depaoli, Sarah; Elliott, Marc N; Grunbaum, Jo Anne; Tortolero, Susan R; Cuccaro, Paula M; Schuster, Mark A

2015-09-01

This study examined the association between gender role orientation (GRO) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in youth, and how this relationship may differ between males and females as well as among African-American, White, and Hispanic individuals. GRO has been reported to influence serious health outcomes including cancer, heart disease, mental illness, and mortality rates. However, few studies have examined the link between GRO and health outcomes for children, even though gender identity is formed in childhood. Data were examined from 4824 participants in the Healthy Passages™ project, a population-based survey of fifth-grade children in three US metropolitan areas. Children reported their own HRQOL using the PedsQL and degree of female, male, and androgynous GRO using the Children's Sex Role Inventory. Based on structural equations analysis, male GRO was positively associated with HRQOL for all racial/ethnic groups, regardless of sex, whereas female GRO was associated with better HRQOL for Hispanic and White females and poorer HRQOL for Hispanic males. Androgynous GRO was associated with better HRQOL among Hispanic and White females, but not males nor African-Americans of either sex. Racial/ethnic differences emerged for female and androgynous, but not male, GROs. Hispanic males are the only group for which GRO (female) was associated with poorer HRQOL. Future research should find ways to help youth overcome negative effects on health from gender beliefs and behavior patterns with sensitivity to racial/ethnic membership.

Inhibitory Effects of Cytosolic Ca2+ Concentration by Ginsenoside Ro Are Dependent on Phosphorylation of IP3RI and Dephosphorylation of ERK in Human Platelets

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hyuk-Woo Kwon

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i is platelet aggregation-inducing molecule and is involved in activation of aggregation associated molecules. This study was carried out to understand the Ca2+-antagonistic effect of ginsenoside Ro (G-Ro, an oleanane-type saponin in Panax ginseng. G-Ro, without affecting leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, dose-dependently inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration was approximately 155 μM. G-Ro inhibited strongly thrombin-elevated [Ca2+]i, which was strongly increased by A-kinase inhibitor Rp-8-Br-cAMPS compared to G-kinase inhibitor Rp-8-Br-cGMPS. G-Ro increased the level of cAMP and subsequently elevated the phosphorylation of inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor I (IP3RI (Ser1756 to inhibit [Ca2+]i mobilization in thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Phosphorylation of IP3RI (Ser1756 by G-Ro was decreased by PKA inhibitor Rp-8-Br-cAMPS. In addition, G-Ro inhibited thrombin-induced phosphorylation of ERK 2 (42 kDa, indicating inhibition of Ca2+ influx across plasma membrane. We demonstrate that G-Ro upregulates cAMP-dependent IP3RI (Ser1756 phosphorylation and downregulates phosphorylation of ERK 2 (42 kDa to decrease thrombin-elevated [Ca2+]i, which contributes to inhibition of ATP and serotonin release, and p-selectin expression. These results indicate that G-Ro in Panax ginseng is a beneficial novel Ca2+-antagonistic compound and may prevent platelet aggregation-mediated thrombotic disease.

Characterization of Lactococcus lactis mutants with improved performance at high temperatures and potential dairy applications

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chen, Jun

microarray analysis revealed apparent differences in the transcriptional response to heat between the mutant and parent. It was found that SNPs preceding gene groESL and ribU resulted in over-expression of chaperone proteins GroES-GroEL, and membrane associated riboflavin transporter protein RibU in TM29......, respectively. Moreover, a large deletion in TM29 caused the inactivation of 10 genes (llmg_1349-llmg_1358). Through allelic replacement and gene knockout followed by fitness assessment, four main positive mutations were eventually discovered. The SNP preceding groESL and deletion of llmg_1349-llmg_1358...

Ein Vorschlag zur Wahl der Zuchtwerte bei der Anwendung dermarkergestützten Selektion

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thomsen, Hauke

2009-01-01

Im Rahmen dieser Simulationsstudie wurde ein Enkelinnendesign mit 10 Großvätern erstellt, um die Einflüsse unterschiedlicher Eingabevariablen in der markergestützten Selektion zu untersuchen. Dabei wurden genotypische und phänotypische Daten für die Großväter, Großmütter und 500 Söhne simuliert. ......,89), so dass empfohlen wird diese Eingabevariable in der markergestützten Zuchtwertschätzung zu verwenden...

Measuring implicit gender-role orientation: the gender initial preference task.

Science.gov (United States)

Stieger, Stefan; Burger, Christoph; Schiller, Franziska R; Schulze, Esther K; Voracek, Martin

2014-01-01

Individuals prefer their name letters over nonname letters, which is known as the name-letter effect (NLE). This research aimed to examine a possible NLE for gender-role orientation (GRO) by rating letters for their gender-typicality in an initial preference task (Gender-IPT). Indeed, a clear NLE appeared: Men rated their initials as more male-typical, whereas women rated them as more female-typical. The Gender-IPT showed good convergent validity with other direct and indirect (Gender Implicit Association Test) measures of GRO as well as predictive validity with sensation seeking and gender-typical everyday life behaviors. The Gender-IPT seems to be a useful and practical indirect measure to assess GRO in a short, convenient, and computer-independent way, complementing other indirect measures of GRO.

PAMAM dendrimers and graphene: materials for removing aromatic contaminants from water.

Science.gov (United States)

DeFever, Ryan S; Geitner, Nicholas K; Bhattacharya, Priyanka; Ding, Feng; Ke, Pu Chun; Sarupria, Sapna

2015-04-07

We present results from experiments and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations on the remediation of naphthalene by polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers and graphene oxide (GrO). Specifically, we investigate 3rd-6th generation (G3-G6) PAMAM dendrimers and GrO with different levels of oxidation. The work is motivated by the potential applications of these emerging nanomaterials in removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants from water. Our experimental results indicate that GrO outperforms dendrimers in removing naphthalene from water. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the prominent factors driving naphthalene association to these seemingly disparate materials are similar. Interestingly, we find that cooperative interactions between the naphthalene molecules play a significant role in enhancing their association to the dendrimers and GrO. Our findings highlight that while selection of appropriate materials is important, the interactions between the contaminants themselves can also be important in governing the effectiveness of a given material. The combined use of experiments and molecular dynamics simulations allows us to comment on the possible factors resulting in better performance of GrO in removing polyaromatic contaminants from water.

Non-structural proteins P17 and P33 are involved in the assembly of the internal membrane-containing virus PRD1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Karttunen, Jenni; Mäntynen, Sari [Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä (Finland); Ihalainen, Teemu O. [Stem Cells in Neurological Applications Group, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere (Finland); Bamford, Jaana K.H. [Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä (Finland); Oksanen, Hanna M., E-mail: hanna.oksanen@helsinki.fi [Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Biocenter 2, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5), FIN-00014 Helsinki (Finland)

2015-08-15

Bacteriophage PRD1, which has been studied intensively at the structural and functional levels, still has some gene products with unknown functions and certain aspects of the PRD1 assembly process have remained unsolved. In this study, we demonstrate that the phage-encoded non-structural proteins P17 and P33, either individually or together, complement the defect in a temperature-sensitive GroES mutant of Escherichia coli for host growth and PRD1 propagation. Confocal microscopy of fluorescent fusion proteins revealed co-localisation between P33 and P17 as well as between P33 and the host chaperonin GroEL. A fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assay demonstrated that the diffusion of the P33 fluorescent fusion protein was substantially slower in E. coli than theoretically calculated, presumably resulting from intermolecular interactions. Our results indicate that P33 and P17 function in procapsid assembly, possibly in association with the host chaperonin complex GroEL/GroES. - Highlights: • Two non-structural proteins of PRD1 are involved in the virus assembly. • P17 and P33 complement the defect in GroES of Escherichia coli. • P33 co-localises with GroEL and P17 in the bacterium. • Slow motion of P33 in the bacterium suggests association with cellular components.

Kenya’s Grand Coalition Government – Another Obstacle to Urgent Constitutional Reform? Die Große Koalition in Kenia – ein weiteres Hindernis für die drängende Verfassungsreform?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Henry Amadi

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Kenya’s Grand Coalition Government was formed in the aftermath of a serious post-electoral crisis including widespread violence. No political progress has been recorded; in striking contrast to all expectations for more moderation and consensual preparation of a constitutional reform. Based on secondary data from textbooks, newspapers, journals, and documents from both governmental and non-governmental organisations, the author finds that the continuing wrangles within the Grand Coalition Government, the fear of the debilitating effects of a constitutional referendum and the hard-line positions on the contentious issues pose a big threat to the achievement of a new constitution before the 2012 Elections. Die Große Koalition in Kenia wurde im Anschluss an eine heftige, gewaltsam ausgetragene Nachwahlkrise gebildet. Entgegen aller Erwartung, jetzt werde eine moderate und gemeinsam abgestimmte Vorbereitung der Verfassungsreform möglich, wurden keine politischen Fortschritte erzielt. Der Autor analysiert Sekundärdaten aus Monografien, Zeitungs- und Zeitschriftenartikeln sowie Dokumenten von Regierungs- und Nichtregierungsorganisationen und kommt zu dem Schluss, dass der fortgesetzte Streit innerhalb der Koalitionsregierung, die Furcht vor den Unwegsamkeiten eines Verfassungsreferendums und die verhärteten Positionen zu den umstrittenen Fragen die Realisierung einer neuen Verfassung vor den Wahlen 2012 wenig wahrscheinlich machen.

Optimization of the size and yield of graphene oxide sheets in the exfoliation step

OpenAIRE

Botas, Cristina; Pérez, A.M. (Ana); Álvarez, Patricia; Santamaría, Ricardo; Granda, Marcos; Blanco, Clara; Menéndez, Rosa

2017-01-01

In this paper we demonstrate that the yield and size of the graphene oxide sheets (GO) obtained by sonication of graphite oxide (GrO) can be optimized not only by selecting the appropriate exfoliation conditions but also as a function of the crystalline structure of the parent graphite. A larger crystal size in the parent graphite favors GrO exfoliation and yields larger sheets in shorter sonication times, independently of the oxygen content of the GrO. A maximum yield of GO is obtained in al...

Comparison of Oncentra® Brachy IPSA and graphical optimisation techniques: a case study of HDR brachytherapy head and neck and prostate plans

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jameson, Michael G; Ohanessian, Lucy; Batumalai, Vikneswary; Patel, Virendra; Holloway, Lois C

2015-01-01

There are a number of different dwell positions and time optimisation options available in the Oncentra® Brachy (Elekta Brachytherapy Solutions, Veenendaal, The Netherlands) brachytherapy treatment planning system. The purpose of this case study was to compare graphical (GRO) and inverse planning by simulated annealing (IPSA) optimisation techniques for interstitial head and neck (HN) and prostate plans considering dosimetry, modelled radiobiology outcome and planning time. Four retrospective brachytherapy patients were chosen for this study, two recurrent HN and two prostatic boosts. Manual GRO and IPSA plans were generated for each patient. Plans were compared using dose–volume histograms (DVH) and dose coverage metrics including; conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI) and conformity number (CN). Logit and relative seriality models were used to calculate tumour control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). Approximate planning time was also recorded. There was no significant difference between GRO and IPSA in terms of dose metrics with mean CI of 1.30 and 1.57 (P > 0.05) respectively. IPSA achieved an average HN TCP of 0.32 versus 0.12 for GRO while for prostate there was no significant difference. Mean GRO planning times were greater than 75 min while average IPSA planning times were less than 10 min. Planning times for IPSA were greatly reduced compared to GRO and plans were dosimetrically similar. For this reason, IPSA makes for a useful planning tool in HN and prostate brachytherapy

Turnover and metabolism of phosphatidylglycerol acyl moieties in E. coli

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cooper, C.L.; Rock, C.O.

1987-01-01

Fatty acids synthesized in mutants (plsB) blocked in de novo phospholipid biosynthesis were preferentially transferred to phosphatidylglycerol (PtdGro). The ratio of phospholipid species labeled with 32 P and [ 3 H]acetate in the absence of glycerol-3-P acyltransferase activity indicated that [ 3 H]acetate incorporation into PtdGro was due to fatty acid turnover. The magnitude of the turnover process was difficult to estimate due to a significant contraction of the acetyl-CoA pool following the inhibition of phospholipid synthesis. A possible connection between PtdGro turnover and protein acylation was investigated in an E. coli strain containing a lipoprotein expression vector. Cells were prelabeled with [ 3 H]acetate and lipoprotein expression was induced concomitant with the addition of exogenous [ 14 C]-palmitate. [ 14 C] Palmitate was assimilated into the l-position of phosphatidylethanolamine and transferred to the amino terminus of the lipoprotein. In contrast, the ester-linked lipoprotein fatty acids and PtdGro were not enriched in carbon-14 implying a metabolic relationship between these two pools. The data suggest that turnover of PtdGro acyl moieties is related to protein acylation, but a direct link between the two processes remains to be established

The glycerophosphoinositols: from lipid metabolites to modulators of T-cell signaling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura ePatrussi

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Glycerophosphoinositols (GPIs are bioactive, diffusible phosphoinositide metabolites of phospholipase A2 that act both intracellularly and in a paracrine fashion following their uptake by specific transporters. The most representative compound, glycerophosphoinositol (GroPIns, is a ubiquitous component of eukaryotic cells that participates in central processes, including cell proliferation and survival. Moreover, glycerophosphoinositol 4-phosphate (GroPIns4P controls actin dynamics in several cell systems by regulating Rho GTPases. Recently, immune cells have emerged as targets of the biological activities of the GPIs. We have shown that exogenous GroPIns4P enhances CXCL12-induced T-cell chemotaxis through activation of the kinase Lck in a cAMP/PKA-dependent manner. While highlighting the potential of GroPIns4P as an immunomodulator, this finding raises questions on the role of endogenously produced GroPIns4P as well as of other GPIs in the regulation of the adaptive immune responses under homeostatic and pathological settings. Here we will summarize our current understanding of the biological activities of the GPIs, with a focus on lymphocytes, highlighting open questions and potential developments in this promising new area.

Intercepting the messengers of cosmic violence

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gavaghan, Helen.

1991-01-01

The more violent events in the cosmos will be studied using the new Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) due to be launched soon. This will work alongside existing facilities which offer x-ray, infrared and visible wavelength information to enable astronomers to study such exciting phenomena as quasars, pulsars and supernovae. Gamma ray information from cosmic sources requires long exposure time and multiplication to permit adequate image formation and GRO makes use of scintillation counters to facilitate this process. Two of the instruments incorporated in GRO are described. (author)

The humoral immune response to Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with acute reactive arthritis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, B; Birkelund, Svend; Mordhorst, CH

1994-01-01

. trachomatis cysteine rich outer membrane protein 2 (Omp2) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were detected in 10 patients. Thus 40% of the patients presented antibodies specific for C. trachomatis. There was no correlation between acute reactive arthritis and antibodies to heat-shock proteins GroEL, GroES and DnaK....

Developing principles of sustainability and stakeholder engagement for "gentle" remediation approaches: the European context.

Science.gov (United States)

Cundy, A B; Bardos, R P; Church, A; Puschenreiter, M; Friesl-Hanl, W; Müller, I; Neu, S; Mench, M; Witters, N; Vangronsveld, J

2013-11-15

Gentle Remediation Options (GRO) are risk management strategies or techniques for contaminated sites that result in no gross reduction in soil functionality (or a net gain) as well as risk management. Intelligently applied GROs can provide: (a) rapid risk management via pathway control, through containment and stabilisation, coupled with a longer term removal or immobilisation/isolation of the contaminant source term; and (b) a range of additional economic (e.g. biomass generation), social (e.g. leisure and recreation) and environmental (e.g. CO2 sequestration) benefits. In order for these benefits to be optimised or indeed realised, effective stakeholder engagement is required. This paper reviews current sector practice in stakeholder engagement and its importance when implementing GRO and other remediation options. From this, knowledge gaps are identified, and strategies to promote more effective stakeholder engagement during GRO application are outlined. Further work is required on integrating stakeholder engagement strategies into decision support systems and tools for GRO (to raise the profile of the benefits of effective stakeholder engagement and participation, particularly with sector professionals), and developing criteria for the identification of different stakeholder profiles/categories. Demonstrator sites can make a significant contribution to stakeholder engagement via providing evidence on the effectiveness of GRO under varying site contexts and conditions. Effective and sustained engagement strategies however will be required to ensure that site risk is effectively managed over the longer-term, and that full potential benefits of GRO (e.g. CO2 sequestration, economic returns from biomass generation and "leverage" of marginal land, amenity and educational value, ecosystem services) are realised and communicated to stakeholders. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Méthode intégro-variationnelle appliquée aux probèmes intérieur et extérieur avec surface libre de l'hydrodynamique linéaire Integro-Variational Method Applied to Indoor and Outdoor Problems with a Free Surface of Linear Hydrodinamics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Berhault C.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Le but de cet article est de montrer que l'on peut appliquer une rintégro-variationnelle pour résoudre les problèmes intérieur (comportementliquide en milieu confiné et extérieur (diffraction-radiation de l'hydrodynamique linéaire. Une comparaison des résultats obtenus pour le problème intérieur dans Q les méthodes classiques : équation intégrale (singularités et formulation rationnelle (éléments finis, montre les avantages de cette méthode. The aim of this article is to show that an integro-variational method can be applied for solving interior (behavior of a liquid in a confined environment and exterior (diffraction-radiation problems of linear hydrodynamics. A comparison of the results obtained for the interior problem in IR2 with conventional methods, i.e. intégral équation (singularities and variational formulation (finite elements, shows the advantages of this method.

Kinetics and thermodynamics of the thermal inactivation and chaperone assisted folding of zebrafish dihydrofolate reductase.

Science.gov (United States)

Thapliyal, Charu; Jain, Neha; Rashid, Naira; Chaudhuri Chattopadhyay, Pratima

2018-01-01

The maintenance of thermal stability is a major issue in protein engineering as many proteins tend to form inactive aggregates at higher temperatures. Zebrafish DHFR, an essential protein for the survival of cells, shows irreversible thermal unfolding transition. The protein exhibits complete unfolding and loss of activity at 50 °C as monitored by UV-Visible, fluorescence and far UV-CD spectroscopy. The heat induced inactivation of zDHFR follows first-order kinetics and Arrhenius law. The variation in the value of inactivation rate constant, k with increasing temperatures depicts faster inactivation at elevated temperatures. We have attempted to study the chaperoning ability of a shorter variant of GroEL (minichaperone) and compared it with that of conventional GroEL-GroES chaperone system. Both the chaperone system prevented the aggregation and assisted in refolding of zDHFR. The rate of thermal inactivation was significantly retarded in the presence of chaperones which indicate that it enhances the thermal stability of the enzyme. As minichaperone is less complex, and does not require high energy co-factors like ATP, for its function as compared to conventional GroEL-GroES system, it can act as a very good in vitro as well as in vivo chaperone model for monitoring assisted protein folding phenomenon. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Die grossen Physiker und ihre Entdeckungen von den fallenden Körpern zu den Quarks

CERN Document Server

Segrè, Emilio

1998-01-01

Von Galileo Galilei bis zu Richard Feynman und Murray Gell-Mann - von den fallenden Körpern zu den Quarks: Der Physiknobelpreisträger Emilio Segre hat seine ganz persönliche Geschichte der Physik geschrieben. Er erzählt von den großen Gestalten und deren wichtigen Entdeckungen mit großer Anschaulichkeit und Lebendigkeit.

Organisationsprobleme im Ökomarketing

OpenAIRE

Dienel, Wolfram

2000-01-01

Organisationsprobleme im Ökomarketing - eine transaktionskostentheoretische Analyse im Absatzkanal konventioneller Lebensmittelhandel Die im Vergleich zum großen Nachfragepotential zögerliche Entwicklung des Ökomarkts in Deutschland ist auf Organisationsprobleme zurückzuführen. Die Organisationsprobleme behindern insbesondere die großskalige Ökomarkterschließung über die konventionellen Supermarktketten, erschweren aber auch die Effizienzsteigerung im kleiner strukturierten alternativen N...

The Cytomegalovirus UL146 Gene Product vCXCL1 Targets Both CXCR1 and CXCR2 as an Agonist

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Luttichau, H.R.

2010-01-01

Large DNA viruses, such as herpesvirus and poxvirus, encode proteins that target and exploit the chemokine system of their host. UL146 and UL147 in the cytomegalovirus (CMV) genome encode the two CXC chemokines vCXCL1 and vCXCL2. In this study, vCXCL1 was probed against a panel of the 18 classified...... human chemokine receptors. In calcium mobilization assays vCXCL1 acted as an agonist on both CXCR1 and CXCR2 but did not activate or block any of the other 16 chemokine receptors. vCXCL1 was characterized and compared with CXCL1/GRO alpha, CXCL2/GRO beta, CXCL3/GRO gamma, CXCL5/ENA-78, CXCL6/GCP2, CXCL7...

Systemic cytokine signaling via IL-17 in smokers with obstructive pulmonary disease: a link to bacterial colonization?

Science.gov (United States)

Andelid, Kristina; Tengvall, Sara; Andersson, Anders; Levänen, Bettina; Christenson, Karin; Jirholt, Pernilla; Åhrén, Christina; Qvarfordt, Ingemar; Ekberg-Jansson, Ann; Lindén, Anders

2015-01-01

We examined whether systemic cytokine signaling via interleukin (IL)-17 and growth-related oncogene-α (GRO-α) is impaired in smokers with obstructive pulmonary disease including chronic bronchitis (OPD-CB). We also examined how this systemic cytokine signaling relates to bacterial colonization in the airways of the smokers with OPD-CB. Currently smoking OPD-CB patients (n=60, corresponding to Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] stage I–IV) underwent recurrent blood and sputum sampling over 60 weeks, during stable conditions and at exacerbations. We characterized cytokine protein concentrations in blood and bacterial growth in sputum. Asymptomatic smokers (n=10) and never-smokers (n=10) were included as control groups. During stable clinical conditions, the protein concentrations of IL-17 and GRO-α were markedly lower among OPD-CB patients compared with never-smoker controls, whereas the asymptomatic smoker controls displayed intermediate concentrations. Notably, among OPD-CB patients, colonization by opportunistic pathogens was associated with markedly lower IL-17 and GRO-α, compared with colonization by common respiratory pathogens or oropharyngeal flora. During exacerbations in the OPD-CB patients, GRO-α and neutrophil concentrations were increased, whereas protein concentrations and messenger RNA for IL-17 were not detectable in a reproducible manner. In smokers with OPD-CB, systemic cytokine signaling via IL-17 and GRO-α is impaired and this alteration may be linked to colonization by opportunistic pathogens in the airways. Given the potential pathogenic and therapeutic implications, these findings deserve to be validated in new and larger patient cohorts. PMID:25848245

1D Thermal-Hydraulic-Chemical (THC) Reactive transport modeling for deep geothermal systems: A case study of Groß Schönebeck reservoir, Germany

Science.gov (United States)

Driba, D. L.; De Lucia, M.; Peiffer, S.

2014-12-01

Fluid-rock interactions in geothermal reservoirs are driven by the state of disequilibrium that persists among solid and solutes due to changing temperature and pressure. During operation of enhanced geothermal systems, injection of cooled water back into the reservoir disturbs the initial thermodynamic equilibrium between the reservoir and its geothermal fluid, which may induce modifications in permeability through changes in porosity and pore space geometry, consequently bringing about several impairments to the overall system.Modeling of fluid-rock interactions induced by injection of cold brine into Groß Schönebeck geothermal reservoir system situated in the Rotliegend sandstone at 4200m depth have been done by coupling geochemical modeling Code Phreeqc with OpenGeoSys. Through batch modeling the re-evaluation of the measured hydrochemical composition of the brine has been done using Quintessa databases, the results from the calculation indicate that a mineral phases comprising of K-feldspar, hematite, Barite, Calcite and Dolomite was found to match the hypothesis of equilibrium with the formation fluid, Reducing conditions are presumed in the model (pe = -3.5) in order to match the amount of observed dissolved Fe and thus considered as initial state for the reactive transport modeling. based on a measured composition of formation fluids and the predominant mineralogical assemblage of the host rock, a preliminary 1D Reactive transport modeling (RTM) was run with total time set to 30 years; results obtained for the initial simulation revealed that during this period, no significant change is evident for K-feldspar. Furthermore, the precipitation of calcite along the flow path in the brine results in a drop of pH from 6.2 to a value of 5.2 noticed over the simulated period. The circulation of cooled fluid in the reservoir is predicted to affect the temperature of the reservoir within the first 100 -150m from the injection well. Examination of porosity change in

Noise robust open vocabulary information retrieval in large spoken document collection

OpenAIRE

Jin, Shan

2015-01-01

Immer mehr Multimediadaten werden der Öffentlichkeit zugängig gemacht und die Menge der Daten nimmt dabei rasant zu. Der Großteil dieser multimedialen Dokumenten besteht zudem aus gesprochenen Informationen. Daher stehen die Anwendungen im Vordergrund, die ermöglichen, die gesprochenen Informationen in großen audiovisuellen Datenbeständen wiederzufinden. Der Retrieval-Ansatz von den gesprochenen Informationen (SDR) verläuft folgendermaßen. Die automatische Sprachererkennung ...

Statins affect the presentation of endothelial chemokines by targeting to multivesicular bodies.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Johanna Hol

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: In addition to lowering cholesterol, statins are thought to beneficially modulate inflammation. Several chemokines including CXCL1/growth-related oncogene (GRO-α, CXCL8/interleukin (IL-8 and CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1 are important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and can be influenced by statin-treatment. Recently, we observed that atorvastatin-treatment alters the intracellular content and subcellular distribution of GRO-α in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. METHODOLOGY/ PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The effect of atorvastatin on secretion levels and subcellular distribution of GRO-α, IL-8 and MCP-1 in HUVECs activated by interleukin (IL-1β were evaluated by ELISA, confocal microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. Atorvastatin increased the intracellular contents of GRO-α, IL-8, and MCP-1 and induced colocalization with E-selectin in multivesicular bodies. This effect was prevented by adding the isoprenylation substrate GGPP, but not the cholesterol precursor squalene, indicating that atorvastatin exerts these effects by inhibiting isoprenylation rather than depleting the cells of cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS/ SIGNIFICANCE: Atorvastatin targets inflammatory chemokines to the endocytic pathway and multivesicular bodies and may contribute to explain the anti-inflammatory effect of statins at the level of endothelial cell function.

Transcriptional Analysis of the groES-groEL1, groEL2, and dnaK genes in Corynebacterium glutamicum: Characterization of Heat Shock-Induced Promoters

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Barreiro, C.; González-Lavado, E.; Pátek, Miroslav; Martin, J. F.

2004-01-01

Roč. 186, č. 14 (2004), s. 4813-4817 ISSN 0021-9193 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR KSK5052113 Keywords : corynebacterium glutamicum * mrna Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 4.146, year: 2004

Influence of mutations in some structural genes of heat-shock proteins on radiation resistance of Escherichia coli

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Verbenko, V.N.; Kuznetsova, L.V.; Bikineeva, E.G.; Kalinin, V.L.

1992-01-01

Lethal effects of γ-irradiation were studied in Escherichia coli strains with normal repair genotype and in radiation-resistant Gam r strains, both carrying additional mutations in the structural genes dnaK, grpE, groES or groEL. The null mutation ΔdnaK52::Cm r enhanced radiation sensitivity of wild-type cells and abolished the effect of heat induced rediation-resistance (ETIRR) and elevated radiation resistance of the Gam r strains

Der Einfluss des Country-of-Origin Effekts im Vergleich zu anderen Faktoren auf die Kaufabsicht und Markenpräferenz in der Produktgruppe PKW

OpenAIRE

Gerhold, Christine

2009-01-01

Der Konsument sieht sich im zunehmenden Maße mit einer großen Produktvielfalt, einer allgemeinen Homogenisierung der Produkte und einer ständigen Informationsüberflutung konfrontiert. Zur leichteren Orientierung werden aus dem großen Bündel an Produktinformationen, einzelne "Schlüsselinformationen", verstärkt zur Kaufentscheidung herangezogen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird untersucht, welche Bedeutung die Schlüsselinformation "Country-of-Origin" im Vergleich zu anderen Faktoren, wie Marke o...

Sterile medfly males of the tsl Vienna 8 genetic sexing strain display improved mating performance with ginger root oil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paranhos, Beatriz Jordao; Alves, Renata Morelli; McInnis, Donald; Damasceno, Itala; Malavasi, Aldo; Goncalves, Nilmara; Costa, Maria de Lourdes; Walder, Julio; Nascimento, Antonio

2006-01-01

A key point of the sterile insect technique applied to the medfly, Ceratitis capitata, is that the sterile males produced in the laboratory should have at least a minimal sexual compatibility with wild females. Among several genetic sexing tsl (Temperature Sensitive Lethal) strains of C. capitata mass-reared around the world, the Biofabrica Moscamed Brasil has chosen the most recent mass produced tsl strain, Vienna 8 (V8), which has been evaluated in the San Francisco River Valley, Brazil, since April, 2005. The tests were accomplished in field cages, with different treatments for V8 males, sterile or fertile, exposed to the aroma of ginger root oil (GRO) or not, versus wild males and females. Males of one strain (V8 or wild) were painted white on the thorax the day before the mating tests. All the insects were virgin, and early in the morning (7-8 A.M.) males were released inside the field cages, 10 min. before females. Mating pairs were collected in glass vials, until early afternoon. From this raw data, both the type of male mating and the time in copula were recorded for each pair. Then, the total percentage of mated females, the RSI (Relative Sterility Index), and Fried's competitiveness values (C), were calculated for each field cage. The percentage of females mated was statistically higher to sterile males exposed to GRO than to non exposed to GRO. Time in copula was significantly higher for wild flies than for laboratory flies, except for the case of fertile V8 males exposed to GRO x wild females. The RSI and C values were significantly higher for V8 males (irradiated and fertile) treated with GRO than for V8 males not treated with GRO. The results indicate that there is adequate sexual compatibility between sterile males of the tsl Vienna 8 strain and wild C. capitata females from the San Francisco River Valley, Brazil. Also, the radiation dose of 95 Gy, used to sterilize the males, did not affect their sexual activity. Ginger root oil acted as a

The chemokine CXCL1/growth related oncogene increases sodium currents and neuronal excitability in small diameter sensory neurons

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wick Dayna M

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Altered Na+ channel expression, enhanced excitability, and spontaneous activity occur in nerve-injury and inflammatory models of pathological pain, through poorly understood mechanisms. The cytokine GRO/KC (growth related oncogene; CXCL1 shows strong, rapid upregulation in dorsal root ganglion in both nerve injury and inflammatory models. Neurons and glia express its receptor (CXCR2. CXCL1 has well-known effects on immune cells, but little is known about its direct effects on neurons. Results We report that GRO/KC incubation (1.5 nM, overnight caused marked upregulation of Na+ currents in acutely isolated small diameter rat (adult sensory neurons in vitro. In both IB4-positive and IB4-negative sensory neurons, TTX-resistant and TTX-sensitive currents increased 2- to 4 fold, without altered voltage dependence or kinetic changes. These effects required long exposures, and were completely blocked by co-incubation with protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Amplification of cDNA from the neuronal cultures showed that 3 Na channel isoforms were predominant both before and after GRO/KC treatment (Nav 1.1, 1.7, and 1.8. TTX-sensitive isoforms 1.1 and 1.7 significantly increased 2 – 3 fold after GRO/KC incubation, while 1.8 showed a trend towards increased expression. Current clamp experiments showed that GRO/KC caused a marked increase in excitability, including resting potential depolarization, decreased rheobase, and lower action potential threshold. Neurons acquired a striking ability to fire repetitively; IB4-positive cells also showed marked broadening of action potentials. Immunohistochemical labelling confirmed that the CXCR2 receptor was present in most neurons both in dissociated cells and in DRG sections, as previously shown for neurons in the CNS. Conclusion Many studies on the role of chemokines in pain conditions have focused on their rapid and indirect effects on neurons, via release of inflammatory mediators

Sterile medfly males of the tsl Vienna 8 genetic sexing strain display improved mating performance with ginger root oil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paranhos, Beatriz Jordao; Alves, Renata Morelli, E-mail: bjordao@cpatsa.embrapa.b [EMBRAPA Semi-Arido, Petrolina, PE (Brazil); McInnis, Donald [U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS/PBARC), Honolulu, HI (United States). Agricultural Research Service. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center; Uramoto, Keiko [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil); Damasceno, Itala; Malavasi, Aldo [Biofabrica Moscamed Brasil, Juazeiro, BA (Brazil); Goncalves, Nilmara [Valexport, Petrolina, PE (Brazil); Costa, Maria de Lourdes; Walder, Julio [Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA/USP), Piracicaba, SP (Brazil); Nascimento, Antonio [EMBRAPA Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, BA (Brazil)

2006-07-01

A key point of the sterile insect technique applied to the medfly, Ceratitis capitata, is that the sterile males produced in the laboratory should have at least a minimal sexual compatibility with wild females. Among several genetic sexing tsl (Temperature Sensitive Lethal) strains of C. capitata mass-reared around the world, the Biofabrica Moscamed Brasil has chosen the most recent mass produced tsl strain, Vienna 8 (V8), which has been evaluated in the San Francisco River Valley, Brazil, since April, 2005. The tests were accomplished in field cages, with different treatments for V8 males, sterile or fertile, exposed to the aroma of ginger root oil (GRO) or not, versus wild males and females. Males of one strain (V8 or wild) were painted white on the thorax the day before the mating tests. All the insects were virgin, and early in the morning (7-8 A.M.) males were released inside the field cages, 10 min. before females. Mating pairs were collected in glass vials, until early afternoon. From this raw data, both the type of male mating and the time in copula were recorded for each pair. Then, the total percentage of mated females, the RSI (Relative Sterility Index), and Fried's competitiveness values (C), were calculated for each field cage. The percentage of females mated was statistically higher to sterile males exposed to GRO than to non exposed to GRO. Time in copula was significantly higher for wild flies than for laboratory flies, except for the case of fertile V8 males exposed to GRO x wild females. The RSI and C values were significantly higher for V8 males (irradiated and fertile) treated with GRO than for V8 males not treated with GRO. The results indicate that there is adequate sexual compatibility between sterile males of the tsl Vienna 8 strain and wild C. capitata females from the San Francisco River Valley, Brazil. Also, the radiation dose of 95 Gy, used to sterilize the males, did not affect their sexual activity. Ginger root oil acted as a

Die Umweltschäden und Entsorgungsprobleme des russischen Nuklearkomplexes

OpenAIRE

Kronfeld-Goharani, Ulrike

2002-01-01

"Als Nachfolgestaat der ehemaligen Sowjetunion mit ihrer gigantischen Nuklearindustrie zählt Russland heute zu den Ländern, in denen sich große Mengen Nuklearmüll angereichert haben und einzelne Regionen des Landes von radioaktiven Kontaminationen besonders stark betroffen sind. Ungeachtet dessen änderte im Juni 2001 das russische Parlament das Umweltgesetz, um verbrauchten Nuklearbrennstoff aus dem Ausland in großen Mengen zu importieren. Während Befürworter der Gesetzesänderungen den Import...

Kibernetska varnost v civilnem letalstvu

OpenAIRE

Brodgesell, Tomaž

2017-01-01

Napredujoča tehnologija poleg vseh prednosti predstavlja tudi varnostne grožnje. Vsakodnevni varnostni incidenti v kibernetskem okolju so temelj, iz katerega se lahko hitro razvijejo resne grožnje na področju letalstva. Večina civilnoletalskih organizacij temelji na elektronskih sistemih za opravljanje ključnih funkcij. V preteklosti je bila potreba po kibernetski varnosti v civilnem letalstvu sorazmerno majhna, vendar se tudi to področje spreminja. Z razvojem novih informacijskih tehnolog...

Dynamische Programm-Code-Verwaltung und -Optimierung für eingebettete Systeme

OpenAIRE

Schell, Dominic

2009-01-01

Bei Desktop-PCs ist ein großer Hauptspeicherausbau im Bereich jenseits von 1 GB dank gesunkener Speicherpreise und auf Grund gestiegener Anforderungen keine Seltenheit mehr. Es existiert jedoch eine Unmenge Kleinstrechner, wie z.B. im Automobilbereich eingesetzte Steuergeräte, die sich einen großen Speicherausbau wegen des Platzbedarfs der Speicherchips, deren Energiekonsum und den zusätzlichen Kosten nicht leisten können. Ein wichtiges Ziel beim Erzeugen der Software für eingebettete Systeme...

Nur beschränkt nachvollziehbar: Länderratings während der Krise im Euroraum

OpenAIRE

Nauhaus, Steffen; Schäfer, Dorothea

2015-01-01

Alle drei großen Ratingagenturen Standard & Poor's, Moody's und Fitch haben Griechenland, Irland, Portugal und Spanien während der europäischen Finanzmarkt- und Staatsschuldenkrise signifikant benachteiligt. Dies lässt sich nur zu einem geringen Teil auf objektive Fundamentaldaten zurückführen. Das Reformziel der Ratingverordnung der Europäischen Union und auch des Ratinggesetzes der Großen Koalition, den Einfluss der Bonitätsbewertungen stark zu reduzieren, muss daher konsequent weiter verfo...

Performance evaluation of Pichia kluyveri, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in industrial tequila fermentation.

Science.gov (United States)

Amaya-Delgado, L; Herrera-López, E J; Arrizon, Javier; Arellano-Plaza, M; Gschaedler, A

2013-05-01

Traditionally, industrial tequila production has used spontaneous fermentation or Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains. Despite the potential of non-Saccharomyces strains for alcoholic fermentation, few studies have been performed at industrial level with these yeasts. Therefore, in this work, Agave tequilana juice was fermented at an industrial level using two non-Saccharomyces yeasts (Pichia kluyveri and Kluyveromyces marxianus) with fermentation efficiency higher than 85 %. Pichia kluyveri (GRO3) was more efficient for alcohol and ethyl lactate production than S. cerevisiae (AR5), while Kluyveromyces marxianus (GRO6) produced more isobutanol and ethyl-acetate than S. cerevisiae (AR5). The level of volatile compounds at the end of fermentation was compared with the tequila standard regulation. All volatile compounds were within the allowed range except for methanol, which was higher for S. cerevisiae (AR5) and K. marxianus (GRO6). The variations in methanol may have been caused by the Agave tequilana used for the tests, since this compound is not synthesized by these yeasts.

ACTIONS COMBINATOIRES DE L’ADJECTIF QUALIFICATIF ET DE L’ADVERBE DANS L’ECRITURE DU REFUS DE JEAN-ADIAFFI / COMBINATORIAL ACTIONS OF THE ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB IN WRITING THE REFUSAL OF JEAN-MARIE ADIAFFI / ACŢIUNILE COMBINATORICE ALE ADJECTIVULUI ŞI ADVERBULUI ÎN ELABORAREA SCRIERII REFUZULUI LA JEANMARIE ADIAFFI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yao Kouadio Jean

2015-11-01

Full Text Available L’adjectif qualificatif et l’adverbe ont permis à Jean-Marie ADIAFFI d’asseoir l’écriture du refus qui vise l’affranchissement de la rigidité de la littérature française. En retour, le bossonnisme (le goût du sacré, le dadaïsme, le symbolisme sont les tremplins de l’affirmation de la raison et du sens de créativité du Négro-Africain. L’auteur met au cœur de esthétique littéraire négro-africaine qu’il projette le sacré, générateur de la créativité et du génie du négro-Africain. Alors, la liberté d’écriture est le leitmotiv de l’écrivain noir. Dès lors, il met en œuvre son esprit de créativité et sa spontanéité.

Aroma therapy and medfly SIT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shelly, Todd E., E-mail: todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.go [U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA-APHIS), HI (United States). Animal and Plant Health Inspection

2006-07-01

A summary of the main findings of the research program on the biological competence of mass-reared, sterile males of the Mediterranean fruit fly (med fly), Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) and the development and implementation of the sterile insect technique (SIT) against this pest is presented. The potential application of aroma therapy to improve the mating success of sterile med fly males is studied. The report assumes a loosely chronological framework as it documents progression along two experimental scales: the number of males simultaneously exposed to ginger root oil, starting with small groups of 25 males and ending with rooms with nearly 200 million males; the experimental arena used to test the effects of aroma therapy, progressing from standard field-cages to large field enclosures to the open field. In addition, brief comments are offered regarding the potential negative effects of GRO exposure, the mechanisms underlying GRO-mediated improvement in male mating success, and the financial costs of GRO aroma therapy. (MAC)

Aroma therapy and medfly SIT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shelly, Todd E.

2006-01-01

A summary of the main findings of the research program on the biological competence of mass-reared, sterile males of the Mediterranean fruit fly (med fly), Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) and the development and implementation of the sterile insect technique (SIT) against this pest is presented. The potential application of aroma therapy to improve the mating success of sterile med fly males is studied. The report assumes a loosely chronological framework as it documents progression along two experimental scales: the number of males simultaneously exposed to ginger root oil, starting with small groups of 25 males and ending with rooms with nearly 200 million males; the experimental arena used to test the effects of aroma therapy, progressing from standard field-cages to large field enclosures to the open field. In addition, brief comments are offered regarding the potential negative effects of GRO exposure, the mechanisms underlying GRO-mediated improvement in male mating success, and the financial costs of GRO aroma therapy. (MAC)

Utjecaj izbora vinskog posuđa na polifenolni sastav vina

OpenAIRE

Čirjak, Marina

2017-01-01

Kvaliteta vina u značajnoj mjeri je definira polifenolnim sastavom. Polifenoli definiraju boju, trpkoću, gorčinu i strukturu vina, a dokazano je da imaju i pozitivne učinke na zdravlje. Na sastav i udio polifenola vina utječe: sorta grožđa, primijenjena tehnologija prerade, maceracija te uvjeti tijekom dozrijevanja grožđa i vina. Pri izradi ovog rada koristila su se crvena vina, sorti Cabernet sauvignon, Pinot crni te Merlot, različitih godina berbe, trajanja maceracije, vremena i posuđa u ko...

Grossforschung in neuen Dimensionen : Denker unserer Zeit über die aktuelle Elementarteilchenphysik am CERN

CERN Document Server

Blanchard, Philippe; Kommer, Christoph; ZiF-Konferenz 2013; CERN : Large-scale Research in New Dimension

2015-01-01

Der 4. Juli 2012 stellt ein historisches Datum für das Europäische Kernforschungszentrum CERN in Genf dar: die Verkündung der Entdeckung des letzten, vorhergesagten, noch fehlenden und lange gesuchten Elementarteilchens, des Higgs-Bosons. Ein Jahr später kommen im Rahmen der Konferenz des Zentrums für interdisziplinäre Forschung (ZiF) in Bielefeld eine Vielzahl der mit dem Großprojekt am CERN verbundenen Wissenschaftler zusammen, um nicht nur über die Entdeckung des Teilchens, sondern vor allem über die Realisierung und Bedeutung eines derart ungeheuren Unterfangens für solch ein wissenschaftliches Großprojekt zu berichten. Der Generaldirektor des CERN, Prof. Dr. Rolf-Dieter Heuer, liefert in seinem Eröffnungsvortrag die Grundlage für die Diskussion der vielerlei Aspekte, die dabei ins Spiel kommen. So finden sich im vorliegenden Band zum einen Berichte über die Großforschung selbst: von der Entdeckung des Higgs-Teilchens über die Erforschung des Quark-Gluon-Plasmas und die Bedeutung von Th...

Anaplasma phagocytophilum in ticks in Slovenia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Knap Nataša

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Ticks act as vectors of many pathogens of domestic animals and humans. Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Europe is transmitted by the ixodid tick vector Ixodes ricinus. A. phagocytophilum causes a disease with diverse clinical signs in various hosts. A great genetic diversity of the groESL operon of A. phagocytophilum has been found in ticks elsewhere. In Slovenia, the variety of the groESL operon was conducted only on deer samples. In this study, the prevalence of infected ticks was estimated and the diversity of A. phagocytophilum was evaluated. On 8 locations in Slovenia, 1924 and 5049 (6973 I. ricinus ticks were collected from vegetation in the years 2005 and 2006, respectively. All three feeding stages of the tick's life cycle were examined. The prevalence of ticks infected with A. phagocytophilum in the year 2005 and in the year 2006 was 0.31% and 0.63%, respectively, and it did not differ considerably between locations. The similarity among the sequences of groESL ranged from 95.6% to 99.8%. They clustered in two genetic lineages along with A. phagocytophilum from Slovenian deer. One sequence formed a separate cluster. According to our study, the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in ticks is comparable to the findings in other studies in Europe, and it does not vary considerably between locations and tick stages. According to groESL operon analysis, two genetic lineages have been confirmed and one proposed. Further studies on other genes would be useful to obtain more information on genetic diversity of A. phagocytophilum in ticks in Slovenia.

Convulxin, a C-type lectin-like protein, inhibits HCASMCs functions via WAD-motif/integrin-αv interaction and NF-κB-independent gene suppression of GRO and IL-8

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shih, Chun-Ho; Chiang, Tin-Bin [Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan (China); Wang, Wen-Jeng, E-mail: wjwang@mail.cgust.edu.tw [Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan (China); Department of Neurological Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan (China)

2017-03-15

-motif could affect HCASMC multi-functions. • CVX significantly diminished cell proliferation, adhesion and invasion in HCASMCs. • The WAD-motif/integrin-αv interaction was involved in its suppressive mechanism. • CVX impaired the gene expression of GRO and IL-8 with a NF-κB independent manner.

Convulxin, a C-type lectin-like protein, inhibits HCASMCs functions via WAD-motif/integrin-αv interaction and NF-κB-independent gene suppression of GRO and IL-8

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shih, Chun-Ho; Chiang, Tin-Bin; Wang, Wen-Jeng

2017-01-01

-motif could affect HCASMC multi-functions. • CVX significantly diminished cell proliferation, adhesion and invasion in HCASMCs. • The WAD-motif/integrin-αv interaction was involved in its suppressive mechanism. • CVX impaired the gene expression of GRO and IL-8 with a NF-κB independent manner.

Fuel pin design algorithm for conceptual design studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uselman, J.P.

1979-01-01

Two models are available which are currently verified by part of the requirements and which are adaptable as algorithms for the complete range. Fuel thermal performance is described by the HEDL SIEX model. Cladding damage and total deformation are determined by the GE GRO-II structural analysis code. A preliminary fuel pin performance model for analysis of (U, P/sub U/)O 2 pins in the COROPT core conceptual design system has been constructed by combining the key elements of SIEX and GRO-II. This memo describes the resulting pin performance model and its interfacing with COROPT system. Some exemplary results are presented

Comparison of antigen-specific T-cell responses of tuberculosis patients using complex or single antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mustafa, A S; Amoudy, H A; Wiker, H G

1998-01-01

GroES, rPstS, rGroEL and rDnaK) antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The responses of PBMC to these defined antigens were compared with the corresponding results obtained with complex antigens, such as whole-cell M. tuberculosis, M. tuberculosis culture filtrate (MT-CF) and cell wall antigens, as well...... as the vaccine strain, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). In addition, M. tuberculosis and MT-CF-induced T-cell lines were tested in the same assays against the panel of purified and complex antigens. The compiled data from PBMC and T-cell lines tested for antigen-induced proliferation and IFN...

Ángulos planos: Por qué el radián debe tener una medida igual a la unidad?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Héctor Oscar Di Rocco

2009-05-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7941.2009v26n1p136 En este artículo se trata de un asunto que genera polémicas en la enseñanza de la Física: por qué el radián debe tener asignada una medida igual a la unidad. El radián no es una de las tantas posibles unidades de ángulos, sino la única para la cual se cumplen las relaciones trigonométricas y del Cálculo Infinitesimal, aunque la Geometría Analítica no necesite de esta unidad. Se muestra que la respuesta debe buscarse en algunos sencillos conceptos del Cálculo Infinitesimal, donde las nociones analíticas se hacen independientes de las geométricas.

A New Player in the Biorefineries Field: Phasin PhaP Enhances Tolerance to Solvents and Boosts Ethanol and 1,3-Propanediol Synthesis in Escherichia coli.

Science.gov (United States)

Mezzina, Mariela P; Álvarez, Daniela S; Egoburo, Diego E; Díaz Peña, Rocío; Nikel, Pablo I; Pettinari, M Julia

2017-07-15

The microbial production of biofuels and other added-value chemicals is often limited by the intrinsic toxicity of these compounds. The phasin PhaP from the soil bacterium Azotobacter sp. strain FA8 is a polyhydroxyalkanoate granule-associated protein that protects recombinant Escherichia coli against several kinds of stress. PhaP enhances growth and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis in polymer-producing recombinant strains and reduces the formation of inclusion bodies during overproduction of heterologous proteins. In this work, the heterologous expression of this phasin in E. coli was used as a strategy to increase tolerance to several biotechnologically relevant chemicals. PhaP was observed to enhance bacterial fitness in the presence of biofuels, such as ethanol and butanol, and other chemicals, such as 1,3-propanediol. The effect of PhaP was also studied in a groELS mutant strain, in which both GroELS and PhaP were observed to exert a beneficial effect that varied depending on the chemical tested. Lastly, the potential of PhaP and GroEL to enhance the accumulation of ethanol or 1,3-propanediol was analyzed in recombinant E. coli Strains that overexpressed either groEL or phaP had increased growth, reflected in a higher final biomass and product titer than the control strain. Taken together, these results add a novel application to the already multifaceted phasin protein group, suggesting that expression of these proteins or other chaperones can be used to improve the production of biofuels and other chemicals. IMPORTANCE This work has both basic and applied aspects. Our results demonstrate that a phasin with chaperone-like properties can increase bacterial tolerance to several biochemicals, providing further evidence of the diverse properties of these proteins. Additionally, both the PhaP phasin and the well-known chaperone GroEL were used to increase the biosynthesis of the biotechnologically relevant compounds ethanol and 1,3-propanediol in recombinant E

Genome-wide mapping of furfural tolerance genes in Escherichia coli.

Science.gov (United States)

Glebes, Tirzah Y; Sandoval, Nicholas R; Reeder, Philippa J; Schilling, Katherine D; Zhang, Min; Gill, Ryan T

2014-01-01

Advances in genomics have improved the ability to map complex genotype-to-phenotype relationships, like those required for engineering chemical tolerance. Here, we have applied the multiSCale Analysis of Library Enrichments (SCALEs; Lynch et al. (2007) Nat. Method.) approach to map, in parallel, the effect of increased dosage for >10(5) different fragments of the Escherichia coli genome onto furfural tolerance (furfural is a key toxin of lignocellulosic hydrolysate). Only 268 of >4,000 E. coli genes (∼ 6%) were enriched after growth selections in the presence of furfural. Several of the enriched genes were cloned and tested individually for their effect on furfural tolerance. Overexpression of thyA, lpcA, or groESL individually increased growth in the presence of furfural. Overexpression of lpcA, but not groESL or thyA, resulted in increased furfural reduction rate, a previously identified mechanism underlying furfural tolerance. We additionally show that plasmid-based expression of functional LpcA or GroESL is required to confer furfural tolerance. This study identifies new furfural tolerant genes, which can be applied in future strain design efforts focused on the production of fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic hydrolysate.

Zwischen Freakout und Normcore

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beate Großegger

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Bis Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts war Rebellion jugendkulturell ein großes Thema. Heute hat die Jugend das so genannte Establishment aus den Augen verloren; die breite Mehrheit gibt sich postheroisch, setzt auf individualitätsbezogene Werte und träumt, eingeschlossen in ihre bunten Lifestyleblasen, von einem perfekten Leben. Bezugnehmend auf aktuelle Befunde der Jugend- und Generationenforschung gibt Beate Großegger in ihrem Beitrag einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Werte- und Lifestyletrends im frühen 21. Jahrhundert und zeigt dabei, wie sehr die heutige Jugend Kind ihrer Zeit und Produkt gesellschaftlicher Rahmenbedingungen ist. Until the late 20th century rebellion was an important aspect of various youth subcultures. But today’s youth has a different mindset. The majority acts post-heroically, i.e. they rather focus on their individual, their private lifestyle than opposing against the establishment. Wrapped in their lifestyle filterbubbles, they dream of a perfect life. Based on recent youth und generation studies Beate Großegger gives an overview of the most important youth cultural trends in the fields of values and lifestyles and introduces today’s youth as a child of our times.

In vitro pore-forming activity of the lantibiotic nisin. Role of protonmotive force and lipid composition.

Science.gov (United States)

Garcerá, M J; Elferink, M G; Driessen, A J; Konings, W N

1993-03-01

Nisin is a lantibiotic produced by some strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. The target for nisin action is the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-positive bacteria. Nisin dissipates the membrane potential (delta psi) and induces efflux of low-molecular-mass compounds. Evidence has been presented that a delta psi is needed for nisin action. The in vitro action of nisin was studied on liposomes loaded with the fluorophore carboxyfluorescein. Nisin-induced efflux of carboxyfluorescein was observed in the absence of a delta psi from liposomes composed of Escherichia coli lipids or dioleoylglycerophosphocholine (Ole2GroPCho) at low nisin/lipid ratios. The initial rate of carboxyfluorescein efflux is dependent on the nisin/lipid ratio and saturates at high ratios. Both delta psi (inside negative) and delta pH (inside alkaline) enhance the action of nisin, while nisin is more potent at acidic external pH values. Efficient carboxyfluorescein efflux is observed with the zwitterionic phospholipid Ole2GroPCho or mixtures of Ole2GroPCho with dioleoylglycerophosphoethanolamine and neutral glycolipids, while anionic phospholipids are strongly inhibitory. It is concluded that a delta psi is not essential, but that the total protonmotive force stimulates the action of nisin.

Genome-wide mapping of furfural tolerance genes in Escherichia coli.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tirzah Y Glebes

Full Text Available Advances in genomics have improved the ability to map complex genotype-to-phenotype relationships, like those required for engineering chemical tolerance. Here, we have applied the multiSCale Analysis of Library Enrichments (SCALEs; Lynch et al. (2007 Nat. Method. approach to map, in parallel, the effect of increased dosage for >10(5 different fragments of the Escherichia coli genome onto furfural tolerance (furfural is a key toxin of lignocellulosic hydrolysate. Only 268 of >4,000 E. coli genes (∼ 6% were enriched after growth selections in the presence of furfural. Several of the enriched genes were cloned and tested individually for their effect on furfural tolerance. Overexpression of thyA, lpcA, or groESL individually increased growth in the presence of furfural. Overexpression of lpcA, but not groESL or thyA, resulted in increased furfural reduction rate, a previously identified mechanism underlying furfural tolerance. We additionally show that plasmid-based expression of functional LpcA or GroESL is required to confer furfural tolerance. This study identifies new furfural tolerant genes, which can be applied in future strain design efforts focused on the production of fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic hydrolysate.

Novel chaperonins are prevalent in the virioplankton and demonstrate links to viral biology and ecology.

Science.gov (United States)

Marine, Rachel L; Nasko, Daniel J; Wray, Jeffrey; Polson, Shawn W; Wommack, K Eric

2017-11-01

Chaperonins are protein-folding machinery found in all cellular life. Chaperonin genes have been documented within a few viruses, yet, surprisingly, analysis of metagenome sequence data indicated that chaperonin-carrying viruses are common and geographically widespread in marine ecosystems. Also unexpected was the discovery of viral chaperonin sequences related to thermosome proteins of archaea, indicating the presence of virioplankton populations infecting marine archaeal hosts. Virioplankton large subunit chaperonin sequences (GroELs) were divergent from bacterial sequences, indicating that viruses have carried this gene over long evolutionary time. Analysis of viral metagenome contigs indicated that: the order of large and small subunit genes was linked to the phylogeny of GroEL; both lytic and temperate phages may carry group I chaperonin genes; and viruses carrying a GroEL gene likely have large double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes (>70 kb). Given these connections, it is likely that chaperonins are critical to the biology and ecology of virioplankton populations that carry these genes. Moreover, these discoveries raise the intriguing possibility that viral chaperonins may more broadly alter the structure and function of viral and cellular proteins in infected host cells.

Analyse der Literatur zu Klimawirkungen in Deutschland: ein Gesamtbild mit Lücken

Science.gov (United States)

Fleischhauer, Mark; Greiving, Stefan; Lindner, Christian; Lückenkötter, Johannes; Schauser, Inke

Dieses Kapitel präsentiert Ergebnisse einer umfassenden Literaturauswertung zu relevanten Klimawirkungen für Deutschland, die im Rahmen des Projekts "Netzwerk Vulnerabilität" vorgenommen wurde. Es zeigt auf, dass ein aggregiertes Gesamtbild der Klimawirkungen für Deutschland als Grundlage für Folgenabschätzungen und Anpassungsplanungen noch nicht gezeichnet werden kann, da eine große Bandbreite an Ansätzen zur Bewertung von Vulnerabilitäten oder Klimawandelfolgen existiert und die gegenwärtig vorhandenen Klimawirkungs- und Vulnerabilitätsstudien von großer Heterogenität gekennzeichnet sind. Als erster Schritt wird deshalb eine Zusammenschau bereits vorhandener Ansätze geliefert.

Der Einfluss der Digitalisierung auf die Organisation eines Unternehmens

Science.gov (United States)

Walter, Wolfram M.

Die Digitalisierung schreitet mit großen Schritten voran. Dies wirkt sich nicht nur auf die Gesellschaft im Grundsatz, sondern auch auf das Verhalten der Kunden aus. Neue Kommunikationswege beschleunigen die Interaktion zwischen Unternehmen und Verbraucher. Im Vergleich mit großen Internetfirmen werden etablierte Dienstleistungsunternehmen - vom Energieversorger bis zu Versicherungen - stark unter Druck gesetzt, sich noch intensiver mit dem Kundenservice auseinanderzusetzen. Dies wird nur möglich sein, wenn sich die Organisationen entsprechend positionieren und sich frühzeitig auf die Veränderungen einstellen. Hieraus ergeben sich mehr Chancen als Risiken, zumal es nicht nur neue Prozesse, sondern auch neue Berufsbilder geben wird.

[Leben im Eismeer - Tauchuntersuchungen zur Biologie arktischer Meerespflanzen und Meerestiere

Science.gov (United States)

Lippert; Karsten; Wiencke

2000-01-01

Die Maske wird nochmals auf Dichtigkeit überprüft, der Knoten der Sicherungsleine mit zwei halben Schlägen fixiert, dann rutscht die Taucherin von der Eiskante in das kalte Wasser. Eine halbe Stunde vergeht, bevor ihr Kopf wieder aus dem Eisloch auftaucht und sie ein großes Sammelnetz nach oben reicht, gefüllt mit verschiedenen Arten von Makroalgen. Obwohl noch große Flächen des Kongsfjordes im arktischen Spitzbergen zugefroren sind und das Festland von einer dicken Schneedecke bedeckt ist, hat unter Wasser in den Algenwäldern bereits der Sommer und damit die Saison der Meeresbiologen begonnen.

GRO J0422+32 = GRS 0417+335

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Castro-Tirado, A. J.; Brandt, Søren; Lund, Niels

1992-01-01

, and three times brighter than, the black-hole candidate Cygnus X-1 as observed by OSSE in 1991 June. Significant emission is observed up to about 600 keV, with an average source flux of 1.8 photons cmE-2 sE-1 MeVE-1 at 100 keV. The continuum spectrum between 60 and 600 keV is not compatible with a single...

Contribution of glucan-binding protein A to firm and stable biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans.

Science.gov (United States)

Matsumi, Y; Fujita, K; Takashima, Y; Yanagida, K; Morikawa, Y; Matsumoto-Nakano, M

2015-06-01

Glucan-binding proteins (Gbps) of Streptococcus mutans, a major pathogen of dental caries, mediate the binding of glucans synthesized from sucrose by the action of glucosyltransferases (GTFs) encoded by gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD. Several stress proteins, including DnaK and GroEL encoded by dnaK and groEL, are related to environmental stress tolerance. The contribution of Gbp expression to biofilm formation was analyzed by focusing on the expression levels of genes encoding GTFs and stress proteins. Biofilm-forming assays were performed using GbpA-, GbpB-, and GbpC-deficient mutant strains and the parental strain MT8148. The expression levels of gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, dnaK, and groEL were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, the structure of biofilms formed by these Gbp-deficient mutant strains was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Biofilm-forming assay findings demonstrated that the amount formed by the GbpA-deficient mutant strain (AD1) was nearly the same as that by the parental strain, while the GbpB- and GbpC-deficient mutant strains produced lower amounts than MT8148. Furthermore, RT-qPCR assay results showed that the expressions of gtfB, dnaK, and groEL in AD1 were elevated compared with MT8148. CLSM also revealed that the structure of biofilm formed by AD1 was prominently different compared with that formed by the parental strain. These results suggest that a defect in GbpA influences the expression of genes controlling biofilm formation, indicating its importance as a protein for firm and stable biofilm formation. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Fabrication of highly catalytic silver nanoclusters/graphene oxide nanocomposite as nanotag for sensitive electrochemical immunoassay

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Jiamian; Wang, Xiuyun; Wu, Shuo, E-mail: wushuo@dlut.edu.cn; Song, Jie; Zhao, Yanqiu; Ge, Yanqiu; Meng, Changgong

2016-02-04

Silver nanoclusters and graphene oxide nanocomposite (AgNCs/GRO) is synthesized and functionalized with detection antibody for highly sensitive electrochemical sensing of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a model tumor marker involved in many cancers. AgNCs with large surface area and abundant amount of low-coordinated sites are synthesized with DNA as template and exhibit high catalytic activity towards the electrochemical reduction of H{sub 2}O{sub 2}. GRO is employed to assemble with AgNCs because it has large specific surface area, super electronic conductivity and strong π-π stacking interaction with the hydrophobic bases of DNA, which can further improve the catalytic ability of the AgNCs. Using AgNCs/GRO as signal amplification tag, an enzyme-free electrochemical immunosensing protocol is designed for the highly sensitive detection of CEA on the capture antibody functionalized immunosensing interface. Under optimal conditions, the designed immunosensor exhibits a wide linear range from 0.1 pg mL{sup −1} to 100 ng mL{sup −1} and a low limit of detection of 0.037 pg mL{sup −1}. Practical sample analysis reveals the sensor has good accuracy and reproducibility, indicating the great application prospective of the AgNCs/GRO in fabricating highly sensitive immunosensors, which can be extended to the detection of various kinds of low abundance disease related proteins. - Highlights: • An enzyme-free electrochemical immunosensor is reported for detecting proteins. • A silver nanocluster/graphene oxide composite is synthesized as nanotag. • The nanotags exhibit highly catalytic activity to the electro-reduction of H{sub 2}O{sub 2}. • The as-fabricated immunosensor could detect protein in serum samples.

Neutrophil chemokines levels in different stages of nephrotic syndrome

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ashwag S Alsharidah

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Nephrotic syndrome (NS is a disease of glomerular filtration barrier failure presenting with variable degrees of proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. Inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of NS. The aim of this study was to monitor the serum levels of three cytokines [i.e., granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2, growth-related oncogene-α (GRO-α, and interleukin-8 (IL-8] in different stages of NS and to find out whether changes in the levels of these cytokines could be related to the severity of NS. This study included 125 patients who were divided into 40 patients with nephrotic range proteinuria (NRP, 45 patients with NS, and 40 patients who were in remission. This study also included 80 healthy participants as a control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for the determination of the plasma levels of GRO-α, GCP-2, and IL-8. GCP-2 plasma levels were significantly higher in the NS and NRP groups when compared to the control group, whereas the GRO-α and IL-8 levels were significantly higher in all patient groups in comparison with the control group. All these chemokine levels were significantly decreased in remission as compared with the participants in the NS group (P <0.0001. There was a significant correlation between the cytokine levels and proteinuria and serum albumin in the NS group (P <0.0001. However, in the follow-up group, GCP-2 levels were significantly lower during remission as compared to those with active NS (P <0.0001. Our findings suggest that the pro-inflammatory cytokines GCP-2, GRO-α, and IL-8 could play a role in the pathogenesis of NS, particularly glomerular permeability.

http://doaj.org/publisher/metadata

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wen Qu1

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Objective: At present, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSC have been widely used in basic research and clinical trials in treatment of many diseases, but how to obtain a large number and high quality of stable and reliable mesenchymal stem cells for clinical application is still a scientific research needs to be resolved. Since each laboratory used different culture methods, the productivity of the different cultures may vary. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to optimize a stable and reliable hucMSC culture procedure. Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord were isolated and cultured in different culture medium. By comparing the morphology, passage, proliferation and using flow cytometry to detect the immunophenotypes of the cells, optimized cultural method was selected. Results: By comparison of the time of cells migrating out from the tissue, cell growth status, cell number and expression of CD90 andCD73 of the hucMSCs, we found that X-VIVO15+10% fetal bovine serum group, X-VIVO15+2% fetal bovine serum and 2% UltroserG group, and MSC basal medium+UltraGRO-Advanced group had an earlier migration time from the umbilical cord and shorter confluence time to cover 80%-90% of the cuturing flask. The Huc-MSCs cultured with MSC basal medium+2% UltraGRO-Advanced group revealed the fastest proliferation. The expression of CD90 and CD73 in Huc-MSCs cultured with MSC basal medium+2% UltraGRO-Advanced group were above 90%, while the expression of CD90 and CD73 in other groups were below 90%. The expression of CD34 and CD45 surface antigens were low in huc-MSCs from all the groups. Conclusion: In summary, MSC basal medium-UltraGRO-Advanced group was the optimal culture medium for human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.

Do the eclogites of the Variscan Malpica-Tuy shear zone in NW Spain point to continental subduction?

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Botao; Massonne, Hans-Joachim

2014-05-01

High-pressure (HP: P > 10 kbar) rocks such as eclogite typically occur in suture zones of collided continental plates in Phanerozoic times. In case of an extended area at the surface of a denuded orogen with HP and even ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks, they are often interpreted as the result of continental subduction. We have tested this idea for the HP-UHP area of the Malpica-Tuy zone of the Variscan orogen, which was formed by the collision of Gondwana and Laurussia. For the test, we have initially studied an eclogite and its surrounding gneiss of this zone in detail. The eclogite contains the assemblage garnet, omphacite, amphibole, rutile, ilmenite, clinozoisite/epidote, quartz, and phengite with Si-contents as high as 3.45 per formula unit (pfu) in inner portions and 3.27-3.35 pfu in rims. Garnet exhibits chemical zonation with Gro25Alm55Pyr15Spe5, Gro29Alm57Pyr13Spe1, and Gro23Alm56Pyr20Spe1 as inner core, mantle, and outermost rim compositions, respectively. The gneiss is a former medium-grained granite now composed of quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite, phengite, garnet, clinozoisite/epidote, titanite, apatite and ilmenite. Phengite shows Si contents between 3.40 (core) and 3.00 (rim) pfu. Garnet is chemically zoned with Gro69.6Alm27Pyr0.4Spe3, Gro65.5Alm32.5Pyr0.5Spe1.5, Gro65.7Alm31.7Pyr0.6Spe2, and Gro56.6Alm41.6Pyr1.2Spe0.6 as core, mantle, rim and outermost rim compositions, respectively. P-T pseudosections were calculated with the PERPLEX computer program in the system Na2O-K2O-CaO-FeO-O2-MnO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-H2O for the bulk-rock compositions of the studied eclogite and gneiss. These pseudosections were contoured by isopleths of various parameters such as molar fractions of garnet components. Based on this contouring a P-T path was derived that starts at HP conditions for both lithologies. Garnet began to form at 22 kbar and 565°C in the eclogite. Subsequently, the temperatures increased to 585°C and the pressure decreased to

Die transvesikale Prostataadenomenukleation – heute noch zeitgemäß?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Atanassov G

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Die offene Prostatektomie stellt die älteste operative Methode zur Therapie der benignen Prostatahyperplasie (BPH dar. Die chirurgische Therapie großer Adenome rückt in neuerer Zeit wieder in den Fokus, da bei Patienten mit leichten Symptomen der unteren Harnwege (LUTS die orale Medikation zu erhöhten Inzidenzraten von großen Prostataadenomen führt. Seit Mitte der 1990er-Jahre etabliert sich zunehmend die Holmium-Laser-Enukleation der Prostata, kurz HoLEP. Eine Literaturrecherche und der Vergleich mit einer retrospektiven Analyse von 80 Patienten mit offener Adenomenukleation eines Krankenhauses der Grund- und Regelversorgung soll Aufschluss darüber geben, ob die offene Operationsvariante heute noch zeitgemäß ist.

DNA marker-assisted evaluation of potato genotypes for potential resistance to potato cyst nematode pathotypes not yet invading into Japan.

Science.gov (United States)

Asano, Kenji; Kobayashi, Akira; Tsuda, Shogo; Nishinaka, Mio; Tamiya, Seiji

2012-06-01

One of major objectives of crop breeding is conferring resistance to diseases and pests. However, large-scale phenotypic evaluation for many diseases and pests is difficult because strict controls are required to prevent their spread. Detection of disease resistance genes by using DNA markers may be an alternative approach to select potentially resistant accessions. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) breeders in Japan extensively use resistance gene H1, which confers nearly absolute resistance to potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) pathotype Ro1, the only pathotype found in Japan. However, considering the possibility of accidental introduction of the other pathotypes, breeding of resistant varieties is an important strategy to prevent infestation by non-invading pathotypes in Japan. In this study, to evaluate the prevalence of resistance genes in Japanese genetic resources, we developed a multiplex PCR method that simultaneously detects 3 resistance genes, H1, Gpa2 and Gro1-4. We revealed that many Japanese varieties possess not only H1 but Gpa2, which are potentially resistant to other pathotypes of potato cyst nematode. On the other hand, no genotype was found to have the Gro1-4, indicating importance of introduction of varieties having Gro1-4. Our results demonstrate the applicability of DNA-marker assisted evaluation of resistant potato genotypes without phenotypic evaluation.

DIFFERENCES IN MORPHOLOGICAL AREA BETWE EN ATHLETS AND NON-ATLETS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Slobodan Stojiljković

2007-05-01

Full Text Available The goal of this re se arch is to de ter mi ne the dif fe ren ces in morp ho lo gi cal cha racte ri stics of pre-te e na ger spor tsmen and pu pils of the sa me age who are not in vol ved in any sports. The te sted par ti ci pants we re 200 pu pils at the age 13 ± 6 months. The gro up of pupils in vol ved in sports clubs con si sted of 100 pu pils and the gro up of pu pils not in vol ved in sport con si ted of 100 pu pils too. The as ses sment of the morp ho lo gi cal cha rac te ri stics was con duc ted using 12 va ria bles. The stu dent T-test sho wed that the re are sta ti sti cally sig ni fi cant dif fe ren ces bet ween the 2 gro ups of pu pils in fa vo ur of tho se in vol ved in sports clubs which is ex pla i ned by the tran sfor ma ti o nal pro ces of tra i ning.

Influence of maternal age, gestational age and fetal gender on expression of immune mediators in amniotic fluid

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Weissenbacher Tobias

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Variations in cytokine and immune mediator expression patterns in amniotic fluid due to gestational age, maternal age and fetal gender were investigated. Findings Amniotic fluid samples were obtained from 192 women, 82 with a mid-trimester amniocentesis (median gestational age 17 weeks and 110 with a caesarean section not in labor (median gestational age 39 weeks. Amniotic fluid was screened by commercial ELISAs for the TH1/TH2/TH17 cytokines and immune mediators IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, TNF alpha, GRO-alpha, MIP1alpha, MIP1beta, Histone, and IP10. Analysis was by Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. None of the 15 examined cytokines revealed any differences in expression patterns regarding fetal gender. Significant differences were found in IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, TNF- alpha, GRO-alpha and MIP1-beta with respect to gestational age and in GRO-alpha regarding maternal age. Conclusion Cytokines utilized as biomarkers in the diagnosis of intrauterine infections are not influenced in their expression pattern by fetal gender but may vary with respect to maternal age and gestational age.

Decoding Structural Properties of a Partially Unfolded Protein Substrate: En Route to Chaperone Binding.

Science.gov (United States)

Nagpal, Suhani; Tiwari, Satyam; Mapa, Koyeli; Thukral, Lipi

2015-01-01

Many proteins comprising of complex topologies require molecular chaperones to achieve their unique three-dimensional folded structure. The E.coli chaperone, GroEL binds with a large number of unfolded and partially folded proteins, to facilitate proper folding and prevent misfolding and aggregation. Although the major structural components of GroEL are well defined, scaffolds of the non-native substrates that determine chaperone-mediated folding have been difficult to recognize. Here we performed all-atomistic and replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations to dissect non-native ensemble of an obligate GroEL folder, DapA. Thermodynamics analyses of unfolding simulations revealed populated intermediates with distinct structural characteristics. We found that surface exposed hydrophobic patches are significantly increased, primarily contributed from native and non-native β-sheet elements. We validate the structural properties of these conformers using experimental data, including circular dichroism (CD), 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (ANS) binding measurements and previously reported hydrogen-deutrium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). Further, we constructed network graphs to elucidate long-range intra-protein connectivity of native and intermediate topologies, demonstrating regions that serve as central "hubs". Overall, our results implicate that genomic variations (or mutations) in the distinct regions of protein structures might disrupt these topological signatures disabling chaperone-mediated folding, leading to formation of aggregates.

Streptococcus oricebi sp. nov., isolated from the oral cavity of tufted capuchin.

Science.gov (United States)

Saito, M; Shinozaki-Kuwahara, N; Hirasawa, M; Takada, K

2016-02-01

A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, coccus-shaped organism was isolated from the oral cavity of tufted capuchin (Cebus apella). Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested classification of the organism within the genus Streptococcus. Strain M8T was related most closely to Streptococcus oralis ATCC 35037T (96.17 % similarity) followed by Streptococcus massiliensis CCUG 49690T (95.90 %) based on the 16S rRNA gene. Strain M8T was related most closely to S. massiliensis CCUG 49690T (86.58 %) based on the RNA polymerase β subunit-encoding gene (rpoB), and to Streptococcus tigurinus AZ_3aT (81.26 %) followed by S. massiliensis CCUG 49690T (80.45 %) based on the 60 kDa heat-shock protein gene (groEL). The phylogenetic trees of 16S rRNA, rpoB and groEL gene sequences showed that strain M8T was most closely related to S. massiliensis. Based on phenotypic characterization as well as 16S rRNA gene and housekeeping gene (rpoB and groEL) sequence data, a novel taxon, Streptococcus oricebi sp. nov. (type strain M8T = JCM 30719T = DSM 100101T), is proposed.

A Study of Postmodern Narrative in Akbar Radi's Khanomche and Mahtabi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hajar Abbasi Narinabad

2012-09-01

Full Text Available This project aims to explore representation of narratology based on some recent postmodern theories backed up by the ideas of some postmodern discourses including Roland Barthes, Jean-François Lyotard, Julia Kristeva and William James with an especial focus on Akbar Radi-the Persian Playwright- drama Khanomche and Mahtabi .The article begins by providing a terminological view of narrative in general and postmodern narrative in specific. As postmodern narrative elements are too general and the researcher could not cover them all, she has gone through the most eminent elements: intertextuality, stream of consciousness style, fragmentation and representation respectively which are delicately utilized in Khanomche and Mahtabi. The review then critically applies the theories on the mentioned drama. The article concludes by recommending a few directions for the further research.

Decoding Structural Properties of a Partially Unfolded Protein Substrate: En Route to Chaperone Binding

Science.gov (United States)

Nagpal, Suhani; Tiwari, Satyam; Mapa, Koyeli; Thukral, Lipi

2015-01-01

Many proteins comprising of complex topologies require molecular chaperones to achieve their unique three-dimensional folded structure. The E.coli chaperone, GroEL binds with a large number of unfolded and partially folded proteins, to facilitate proper folding and prevent misfolding and aggregation. Although the major structural components of GroEL are well defined, scaffolds of the non-native substrates that determine chaperone-mediated folding have been difficult to recognize. Here we performed all-atomistic and replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations to dissect non-native ensemble of an obligate GroEL folder, DapA. Thermodynamics analyses of unfolding simulations revealed populated intermediates with distinct structural characteristics. We found that surface exposed hydrophobic patches are significantly increased, primarily contributed from native and non-native β-sheet elements. We validate the structural properties of these conformers using experimental data, including circular dichroism (CD), 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (ANS) binding measurements and previously reported hydrogen-deutrium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). Further, we constructed network graphs to elucidate long-range intra-protein connectivity of native and intermediate topologies, demonstrating regions that serve as central “hubs”. Overall, our results implicate that genomic variations (or mutations) in the distinct regions of protein structures might disrupt these topological signatures disabling chaperone-mediated folding, leading to formation of aggregates. PMID:26394388

Ultrasound assisted simultaneous reduction and direct functionalization of graphene oxide with thermal and cytotoxicity profile.

Science.gov (United States)

Maktedar, Shrikant S; Avashthi, Gopal; Singh, Man

2017-01-01

The new sonochemical approach for simultaneous reduction and direct functionalization of graphene oxide (GrO) has been developed. The GrO was functionalized with 2-Aminobenzoxazole (2-ABOZ) in twenty min with complete deletion of hazardous steps. The significance of ultrasound was exemplified with the comparative conventional methods. The newly prepared f-(2-ABOZ)GrO was extensively characterized with near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, 13 C solid state NMR, XPS, XRD, HRTEM, SAED, AFM, Raman, UV-vis, FTIR and TGA. The thermal stability of f-(2-ABOZ)GrO was confirmed with total percentage weight loss in TGA. The biological activity of f-(2-ABOZ)GrO was explored with MCF-7 and Vero cell lines. The inherent cytotoxicity was evaluated with SRB assay at 10, 20, 40 and 80μgmL -1 . The estimated cell viabilities were >78% with f-(2-ABOZ) GrO. A high cytocompatibility of f-(2-ABOZ)GrO was ensured with in vitro evaluation on living cell lines, and low toxicity of f-(2-ABOZ)GrO was confirmed its excellent biocompatibility. The morphological effect on Vero cell line evidently supports the formation of biocompatible f-(2-ABOZ)GrO. Therefore, f-(2-ABOZ)GrO was emerged as an advanced functional material for thermally stable biocompatible coatings. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Brownfields to green fields: Realising wider benefits from practical contaminant phytomanagement strategies.

Science.gov (United States)

Cundy, A B; Bardos, R P; Puschenreiter, M; Mench, M; Bert, V; Friesl-Hanl, W; Müller, I; Li, X N; Weyens, N; Witters, N; Vangronsveld, J

2016-12-15

Gentle remediation options (GROs) are risk management strategies or technologies involving plant (phyto-), fungi (myco-), and/or bacteria-based methods that result in a net gain (or at least no gross reduction) in soil function as well as effective risk management. GRO strategies can be customised along contaminant linkages, and can generate a range of wider economic, environmental and societal benefits in contaminated land management (and in brownfields management more widely). The application of GROs as practical on-site remedial solutions is still limited however, particularly in Europe and at trace element (typically metal and metalloid) contaminated sites. This paper discusses challenges to the practical adoption of GROs in contaminated land management, and outlines the decision support tools and best practice guidance developed in the European Commission FP7-funded GREENLAND project aimed at overcoming these challenges. The GREENLAND guidance promotes a refocus from phytoremediation to wider GROs- or phyto-management based approaches which place realisation of wider benefits at the core of site design, and where gentle remediation technologies can be applied as part of integrated, mixed, site risk management solutions or as part of "holding strategies" for vacant sites. The combination of GROs with renewables, both in terms of biomass generation but also with green technologies such as wind and solar power, can provide a range of economic and other benefits and can potentially support the return of low-level contaminated sites to productive usage, while combining GROs with urban design and landscape architecture, and integrating GRO strategies with sustainable urban drainage systems and community gardens/parkland (particularly for health and leisure benefits), has large potential for triggering GRO application and in realising wider benefits in urban and suburban systems. Quantifying these wider benefits and value (above standard economic returns) will be

Molecular Epidemiological Survey and Genetic Characterization of Anaplasma Species in Mongolian Livestock.

Science.gov (United States)

Ochirkhuu, Nyamsuren; Konnai, Satoru; Odbileg, Raadan; Murata, Shiro; Ohashi, Kazuhiko

2017-08-01

Anaplasma species are obligate intracellular rickettsial pathogens that cause great economic loss to the animal industry. Few studies on Anaplasma infections in Mongolian livestock have been conducted. This study examined the prevalence of Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Anaplasma bovis by polymerase chain reaction assay in 928 blood samples collected from native cattle and dairy cattle (Bos taurus), yaks (Bos grunniens), sheep (Ovis aries), and goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) in four provinces of Ulaanbaatar city in Mongolia. We genetically characterized positive samples through sequencing analysis based on the heat-shock protein groEL, major surface protein 4 (msp4), and 16S rRNA genes. Only A. ovis was detected in Mongolian livestock (cattle, yaks, sheep, and goats), with 413 animals (44.5%) positive for groEL and 308 animals (33.2%) positive for msp4 genes. In the phylogenetic tree, we separated A. ovis sequences into two distinct clusters based on the groEL gene. One cluster comprised sequences derived mainly from sheep and goats, which was similar to that in A. ovis isolates from other countries. The other divergent cluster comprised sequences derived from cattle and yaks and appeared to be newly branched from that in previously published single isolates in Mongolian cattle. In addition, the msp4 gene of A. ovis using same and different samples with groEL gene of the pathogen demonstrated that all sequences derived from all animal species, except for three sequences derived from cattle and yak, were clustered together, and were identical or similar to those in isolates from other countries. We used 16S rRNA gene sequences to investigate the genetically divergent A. ovis and identified high homology of 99.3-100%. However, the sequences derived from cattle did not match those derived from sheep and goats. The results of this study on the prevalence and molecular characterization of A. ovis in Mongolian livestock can facilitate

Development of recombinant vaccine candidate molecule against Shigella infection.

Science.gov (United States)

Chitradevi, S T S; Kaur, G; Sivaramakrishna, U; Singh, D; Bansal, A

2016-10-17

Shigellosis is an acute bacillary diarrheal disease caused by the gram negative bacillus Shigella. The existence of multiple Shigella serotypes and their growing resistance to antibiotics stress the urgent need for the development of vaccine that is protective across all serotypes. Shigella's IpaB antigen is involved in translocon pore formation, promotes bacterial invasion and induces apoptosis in macrophages. S. Typhi GroEL (Hsp 60) is the immunodominant antigen inducing both arms of immunity and has been explored as adjuvant in this study. The present study evaluates the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant IpaB domain-GroEL fusion protein in mice against lethal Shigella infection. The IpaB domain and GroEL genes were fused using overlap extension PCR and cloned in pRSETA expression vector. Fused gene was expressed in Escherichia coli BL-21 cells and the resulting 90 KDa fusion protein was purified by affinity chromatography. Intranasal (i.n.) immunization of mice with fusion protein increased the IgG and IgA antibody titers as compared to the group immunized with IpaB and GroEL and control PBS immunized group. Also IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies induced in fusion protein immunized mice were higher than co-immunized group. Significant increase in lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine levels (IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10), indicates induction of both Th1 and Th2 immune responses in both immunized groups. Immunization with fusion protein protected 90-95% of mice whereas 80-85% survivability was observed in co-immunized group against lethal challenge with S. flexneri, S. boydii and S. sonnei. Passive immunization conferred 60-70% protection in mice against all these Shigella species. Organ burden and histopathology studies also revealed significant decrease in lung infection as compared to the co-immunized group. Since IpaB is the conserved dominant molecule in all Shigella species, this study will lead to an ideal platform for the development of safe

Chemokine Receptors and Integrin Function in Prostate Cancer

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

McCarthy, James

2000-01-01

Preliminary data demonstrated that the addition of specific alpha-chemokines, IL-8 and Gro-alpha, to prostate carcinoma cell cultures, leads to an increase in the motility and invasion of these cells in vitro...

The expression of R genes in genetic and induced resistance to potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behrens, 1975.

Science.gov (United States)

Lavrova, V V; Matveeva, E M; Zinovieva, S V

2015-01-01

The characteristics of expression of two genes, H1 and Gro1-4, which determine the resistance to the sedentary parasitic nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behrens, 1975, in the resistant (Krepysh) and susceptible (Nevskii) potato cultivars was studied under a short-term exposure to low temperatures. Such treatment of susceptible plants at the early stages of ontogeny led to the activation of expression of H1 and Gro1-4 genes in roots and the H1 gene in leaves. The transcriptional activity of R genes was detected not only in roots but also in leaves (i.e., in tissue remote from the site of direct injury by the nematode) in the case of both genetic and induced resistance, indicating the development of a systemic defense response of plants to infection.

Analysis of D3-,4-,5-phosphorylated phosphoinositides using HPLC.

Science.gov (United States)

Munnik, Teun

2013-01-01

Detection of polyphosphoinositides (PPIs) is difficult due to their low chemical abundancy. This problem is further complicated by the fact that PPIs are present as various, distinct isomers, which are difficult, if not impossible, to separate by conventional thin layer chromatography (TLC) systems. PPIs in plants include PtdIns3P, PtdIns4P, PtdIns5P, PtdIns(3,5)P 2, and PtdIns(4,5)P 2. Here, a protocol is described analyzing plant PPIs using (32)P-orthophosphorus pre-labeled material. After extraction, lipids are deacylated and the resulting glycerophosphoinositol polyphosphates (GroPInsPs) separated by HPLC using a strong anion-exchange column and a shallow salt gradient. Alternatively, PPIs are first separated by TLC, the lipids reisolated, deacylated, and the GroPInsPs then separated by HPLC.

Vorbeugende Verbraucherpolitik im Bereich neuer Technologien

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bietz, Sabine; Reisch, Lucia; Scholl, Gerd

2009-01-01

Den neuen Anwendungen von Nanotechnologien und Nanomaterialien, vor allem in Kosmetika, Textilien, Lebensmitteln und Lebensmittelverpackungen, wird ein großes Markt- und Problemlösungspotenzial zugeschrieben. Verbraucher- und Umweltorganisationen stehen diesen neuen Anwendungen jedoch durchaus...

Wutz Handbuch Vakuumtechnik

CERN Document Server

2012-01-01

Dieses Standardwerk gibt dem Leser umfassend Auskunft über Theorie und Praxis der Vakuumtechnik. Eine große Anzahl von numerischen Beispielen sowie aussagekräftigen Abbildungen erläutert und visualisiert die theoretischen Sachverhalte.

Global warming and air transport : meeting the challenge of sustainable growth

Science.gov (United States)

2009-04-01

Aviation impacts community noise footprints, air quality, water quality, energy usage and availability, and the global climate. Trends show environmental impacts from aircraft noise and aviation emissions will be a critical constraint on capacity gro...

Redesigning Main Streets in Small Communities: The Viagra of Transportation Investment

Science.gov (United States)

1998-09-16

The national Main Street movement is building momentum. Over 1,200 small : communities across America have rediscovered their Main Streets with impressive : investment in time, energy and money. The tangible measures of return include: : economic gro...

Proteomic analysis reveals metabolic and regulatory systems involved the syntrophic and axenic lifestyle of Syntrophomonas wolfei.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jessica Rhea Sieber

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Microbial syntrophy is a vital metabolic interaction necessary for the complete oxidation of organic biomass to methane in all-anaerobic ecosystems. However, this process is thermodynamically constrained and represents an ecosystem-level metabolic bottleneck. To gain insight into the physiology of this process, a shotgun proteomic approach was used to quantify the protein landscape of the model syntrophic metabolizer, Syntrophomonas wolfei, grown axenically and syntrophically with Methanospirillum hungatei. Remarkably, the abundance of most proteins as represented by normalized spectral abundance factor (NSAF value changed very little between the pure and coculture growth conditions. Among the most abundant proteins detected were GroEL and GroES chaperonins, a small heat shock protein, and proteins involved in electron transfer, beta-oxidation, and ATP synthesis. Several putative energy conservation enzyme systems that utilize NADH and ferredoxin were present. The abundance of an EtfAB2 and the membrane-bound iron-sulfur oxidoreductase (Swol_0698 gene product delineated a potential conduit for electron transfer between acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and membrane redox carriers. Proteins detected only when S. wolfei was grown with M. hungatei included a zinc-dependent dehydrogenase with a GroES domain, whose gene is present in genomes in many organisms capable of syntrophy, and transcriptional regulators responsive to environmental stimuli or the physiological status of the cell. The proteomic analysis revealed an emphasis macromolecular stability and energy metabolism to S. wolfei and presence of regulatory mechanisms responsive to external stimuli and cellular physiological status.

Multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to study the expression of virulence and stress response genes in Staphylococcus aureus.

Science.gov (United States)

Shrihari, Rohinishree Yadahalli; Singh, Negi Pradeep

2012-02-01

Staphylococcus aureus survives well in different stress conditions. The ability of this organism to adapt to various stresses is the result of a complex regulatory response, which is attributed to regulation of multiple genes. The aims of the present study were (1) to develop a multiplex PCR for the detection of genes which are involved in stress adaptation (asp23, dnaK, and groEL); alternative sigma factor (sigB) and virulence determination (entB and spa) and (2) to study the expression of these genes during stress conditions for S. aureus culture collection strains (FRI 722 and ATCC 6538) and S. aureus food isolates at mRNA level using multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). During heat shock treatment groEL, dnaK, asp23, sodA, entB, spa, and sigB genes were up regulated up to 2.58, 2.07, 2.76, 2.55, 3.55, 2.71, and 2.62- folds, respectively, whereas in acid shock treatment, sodA and groEL were up regulated; dnaK was downregulated; and entB and sigB genes were not expressed in food isolates. Multiplex PCR assay standardized in this study offers an inexpensive alternative to uniplex PCR for detection of various virulence and stress response genes. This study is relevant to rapid and accurate detection of potential pathogenic S. aureus in foods. © 2012 Institute of Food Technologists®

Green Approach for the Effective Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Salvadora persica L. Root (Miswak) Extract

Science.gov (United States)

Khan, Mujeeb; Al-Marri, Abdulhadi H.; Khan, Merajuddin; Shaik, Mohammed Rafi; Mohri, Nils; Adil, Syed Farooq; Kuniyil, Mufsir; Alkhathlan, Hamad Z.; Al-Warthan, Abdulrahman; Tremel, Wolfgang; Tahir, Muhammad Nawaz; Siddiqui, Mohammed Rafiq H.

2015-07-01

Recently, green reduction of graphene oxide (GRO) using various natural materials, including plant extracts, has drawn significant attention among the scientific community. These methods are sustainable, low cost, and are more environmentally friendly than other standard methods of reduction. Herein, we report a facile and eco-friendly method for the bioreduction of GRO using Salvadora persica L. ( S. persica L.) roots (miswak) extract as a bioreductant. The as-prepared highly reduced graphene oxide (SP-HRG) was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Various results have confirmed that the biomolecules present in the root extract of miswak not only act as a bioreductant but also functionalize the surface of SP-HRG by acting as a capping ligand to stabilize it in water and other solvents. The dispersion quality of SP-HRG in deionized water was investigated in detail by preparing different samples of SP-HRG with increasing concentration of root extract. Furthermore, the dispersibility of SP-HRG was also compared with chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRG). The developed eco-friendly method for the reduction of GRO could provide a better substitute for a large-scale production of dispersant-free graphene and graphene-based materials for various applications in both technological and biological fields such as electronics, nanomedicine, and bionic materials.

The Baseplate of Lactobacillus delbrueckii Bacteriophage Ld17 Harbors a Glycerophosphodiesterase.

Science.gov (United States)

Cornelissen, Anneleen; Sadovskaya, Irina; Vinogradov, Evgeny; Blangy, Stéphanie; Spinelli, Silvia; Casey, Eoghan; Mahony, Jennifer; Noben, Jean-Paul; Dal Bello, Fabio; Cambillau, Christian; van Sinderen, Douwe

2016-08-05

Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases (GDPDs; EC 3.1.4.46) typically hydrolyze glycerophosphodiesters to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P) and their corresponding alcohol during patho/physiological processes in bacteria and eukaryotes. GDPD(-like) domains were identified in the structural particle of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) specifically infecting Gram-positive bacteria. The GDPD of phage 17 (Ld17; GDPDLd17), representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. Degradation of cell wall teichoic acid occurs according to an exolytic mechanism, and Gro3P substitution is presumed to be inhibitory for GDPDLd17 activity. The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. In contrast to GDPDLd17, we could not identify any enzymatic activity for the GDPD-like domain in the neck passage structure of phage 340, a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis bacteriophage. © 2016 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Bend case study : indirect land use and growth impacts : interim report

Science.gov (United States)

2000-01-01

To improve environmental analysis of indirect land use impacts of highway capacity improvements, this study analyzed the land use and growth patterns of 20 Oregon communities over 20 years. Using a Geographic Information System and aerial photos, gro...

EPA's evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of glyphosate

Science.gov (United States)

Recently, several international agencies have evaluated the carcinogenic potential of glyphosate. In March 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a subdivision of the World Health Organization (WHO), determined that glyphosate was a probable carcinogen (gro...

Sexual courtship of steriles males of Ceratitis Capitata (WIED) in SIT program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fadhel, Salma

2008-01-01

In the SIT programme, the success of sterile males to compete with the fertile males is an important parameter for assuring efficiency. In this study, two methods are tested to improve the sterile male quality: the first is the exposure of sterile males to different concentrations of Ginger Root Oil (GRO) (0, 20, 50 and 80 μl), the second is the exposure of males to different irradiation doses (80, 90, 100, 110, 120 and 145 Gy). The comparison of these methods depends to study of quality parameters (emergence, flight ability, survival) and courtship behaviour of sterile males (sperm production, mating competitiveness, sperm transfer). The 80μl concentration of GRO improves the mating competitiveness of males to compare with the Control (respectively: 68% and 46%). The 80 Gy irradiation dose assure the same result then the Control. (Author)

Data-driven outbreak forecasting with a simple nonlinear growth model.

Science.gov (United States)

Lega, Joceline; Brown, Heidi E

2016-12-01

Recent events have thrown the spotlight on infectious disease outbreak response. We developed a data-driven method, EpiGro, which can be applied to cumulative case reports to estimate the order of magnitude of the duration, peak and ultimate size of an ongoing outbreak. It is based on a surprisingly simple mathematical property of many epidemiological data sets, does not require knowledge or estimation of disease transmission parameters, is robust to noise and to small data sets, and runs quickly due to its mathematical simplicity. Using data from historic and ongoing epidemics, we present the model. We also provide modeling considerations that justify this approach and discuss its limitations. In the absence of other information or in conjunction with other models, EpiGro may be useful to public health responders. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

CAPSULE REPORT - MANAGING CYANIDE IN METAL FINISHING

Science.gov (United States)

The purpose of this document is to provide guidance to surface finishing manufacturers, metal finishing decision maker and regulators on management practices and control technologies for managing cyanide in the workplace. This information can benefit key industry stakeholder gro...

Evaluating Hydrological Response of Future Land Cover Change Scenarios in the San Pedro River (U.S./Mexico) with the Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment (AGWA) Tool.

Science.gov (United States)

Long-term land-use and land cover change and their associated impacts pose critical challenges to sustaining vital hydrological ecosystem services for future generations. In this study, a methodology was developed to characterize potential hydrologic impacts from future urban gro...

Effects of Temperature, Salinity and Seed Age on Induction of Zostera japonica Germination in North America, USA

Science.gov (United States)

Seagrasses can colonize unstructured mudflats either through clonal growth or seed germination and survival. Zostera japonica is an introduced seagrass in North America that has rapidly colonized mudflats along the Pacific Coast, leading to active management of the species. Gro...

Driver alcohol involvement in fatal crashes by age group and vehicle type

Science.gov (United States)

2006-07-01

The data in this research note demonstrate that while the overall proportion of passenger vehicle drivers with alcohol in fatal crashes is lower in older age groups, the median blood : alcohol concentration (BAC) is generally higher for those age gro...

Mehrsprachigkeit - Language Awareness – Sprachbewusstheit. Einführung

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Monika Angela Budde

2016-10-01

Ich bedanke mich bei allen AutorInnen für ihre Beiträge und für die überaus große Kooperationsbereitschaft. Diese habe ich ebenso im Herausgeberteam erfahren und auch diesem möchte ich herzlich danken.

A Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-based Biosensor for Monitoring Microcystin-LR in Sources of Drinking Water Supplies

Science.gov (United States)

A multi-walled carbon nanotube-based electrochemical biosensor is developed for monitoring microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a toxic cyanobacterial toxin, in sources of drinking water supplies. The biosensor electrodes are fabricated using dense, mm-long multi-walled CNT (MWCNT) arrays gro...

Use of a Chimeric Hsp70 to Enhance the Quality of Recombinant Plasmodium falciparum S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase Protein Produced in Escherichia coli

Science.gov (United States)

Makhoba, Xolani Henry; Burger, Adélle; Coertzen, Dina; Zininga, Tawanda; Birkholtz, Lyn-Marie; Shonhai, Addmore

2016-01-01

S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (PfAdoMetDC) from Plasmodium falciparum is a prospective antimalarial drug target. The production of recombinant PfAdoMetDC for biochemical validation as a drug target is important. The production of PfAdoMetDC in Escherichia coli has been reported to result in unsatisfactory yields and poor quality product. The co-expression of recombinant proteins with molecular chaperones has been proposed as one way to improve the production of the former in E. coli. E. coli heat shock proteins DnaK, GroEL-GroES and DnaJ have previously been used to enhance production of some recombinant proteins. However, the outcomes were inconsistent. An Hsp70 chimeric protein, KPf, which is made up of the ATPase domain of E. coli DnaK and the substrate binding domain of P. falciparum Hsp70 (PfHsp70) has been previously shown to exhibit chaperone function when it was expressed in E. coli cells whose resident Hsp70 (DnaK) function was impaired. We proposed that because of its domain constitution, KPf would most likely be recognised by E. coli Hsp70 co-chaperones. Furthermore, because it possesses a substrate binding domain of plasmodial origin, KPf would be primed to recognise recombinant PfAdoMetDC expressed in E. coli. First, using site-directed mutagenesis, followed by complementation assays, we established that KPf with a mutation in the hydrophobic residue located in its substrate binding cavity was functionally compromised. We further co-expressed PfAdoMetDC with KPf, PfHsp70 and DnaK in E. coli cells either in the absence or presence of over-expressed GroEL-GroES chaperonin. The folded and functional status of the produced PfAdoMetDC was assessed using limited proteolysis and enzyme assays. PfAdoMetDC co-expressed with KPf and PfHsp70 exhibited improved activity compared to protein co-expressed with over-expressed DnaK. Our findings suggest that chimeric KPf may be an ideal Hsp70 co-expression partner for the production of recombinant plasmodial

Injuries in Children with Extra Physical Education in Primary Schools

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rexen, Christina; Andersen, Lars Bo; Ersbøll, Annette Kjær

2014-01-01

(1) Examine the influence of extra physical education (EPE) on the number of musculoskeletal injuries in public schools accounting for organized sports participation (OSP) outside school. (2) Examine the major injury subgroup: growth-related overuse (GRO) through the overuse-related injury group....

ANALYSIS OF TOLUENE AT DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES IN BROWN NORWAY RATS.

Science.gov (United States)

Differential susceptibility to environmental exposures in subsets of the population is a major regulatory concern of the Environmental Protection Agency. Of special interest is the elderly, the fastest growing segment of the population who may be considered a special at risk gro...

Chaperonin Structure - The Large Multi-Subunit Protein Complex

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irena Roterman

2009-03-01

Full Text Available The multi sub-unit protein structure representing the chaperonins group is analyzed with respect to its hydrophobicity distribution. The proteins of this group assist protein folding supported by ATP. The specific axial symmetry GroEL structure (two rings of seven units stacked back to back - 524 aa each and the GroES (single ring of seven units - 97 aa each polypeptide chains are analyzed using the hydrophobicity distribution expressed as excess/deficiency all over the molecule to search for structure-to-function relationships. The empirically observed distribution of hydrophobic residues is confronted with the theoretical one representing the idealized hydrophobic core with hydrophilic residues exposure on the surface. The observed discrepancy between these two distributions seems to be aim-oriented, determining the structure-to-function relation. The hydrophobic force field structure generated by the chaperonin capsule is presented. Its possible influence on substrate folding is suggested.

Rezension von: Thomas Martinec, Claudia Nitschke (Hg.: Familie und Identität in der deutschen Literatur. Frankfurt am Main u.a.: Peter Lang Verlag 2009. — Ariane Eichenberg: Familie – Ich – Nation. Göttingen: V&R unipress 2009.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christine Kanz

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Die Themen Generation und Familie gehören zu den wichtigsten Sujets literarischer Texte, insbesondere wenn diese die Herausbildung oder die Zerstörung von Identität problematisieren. Ein neuer, von Claudia Nitschke und Thomas Martinec herausgegebener Tagungsband ist der literatur- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit diesen Themen gewidmet. Sechs Jahrzehnte nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges hat vor allem das Genre des Generationenromans Hochkonjunktur, insbesondere Texte der dritten Generation zum Umgang der Großeltern-Generation mit dem Nationalsozialismus. Den Verfasser/-innen dieses neuen, in sich heterogenen Genres wird in der Studie von Ariane Eichenberg allerdings keine allzu große Wirkmächtigkeit bescheinigt. Im Gegenteil nährten die modischen Texte mit den Funden aus der Vergangenheit vor allem das Ich der Erzähler/-innen, deren eigene Gefühle und Selbstvergewisserung in einer von Unsicherheiten geprägten Gegenwart.

New records of the rare glacial relict Eurytemora lacustris (Poppe 1887 (Copepoda; Calanoida in atypical lake habitats of northern Germany

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peter KASPRZAK

2011-02-01

Full Text Available During monitoring investigations of lakes in Schleswig-Holstein (northern Germany in 2000 and 2008, the calanoid copepod Eurytemora lacustris (POPPE 1887 was found in three lakes of the Ratzeburger Lake complex: the Kleine Küchensee, the Große Küchensee and the Große Ratzeburger See. The species has a broad geographic distribution but has become rare and endangered by eutrophication and global change. The lakes are mesotrophic (Gr. Ratzeburger See and eutrophic (Kl. Küchensee, Gr. Küchensee with cool (1 mg O2 L-1. Food and physical conditions seem to be favourable enough to permit survival and reproduction of the species at least in spring. It remains unclear, however, whether the populations in the studied lakes are autochthonous. Eurytemora lacustris possibly invaded the lakes or was transported via a canal from the Schaalsee upstream, where a viable population exists.

Very high energy gamma ray astronomy from Hanle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chitnis, Varsha R.

2015-01-01

Over a past decade very high energy (VHE) gamma ray astronomy has emerged as a major astronomical discipline. In India, we have a long tradition of experiments in this field. Few years ago, multi-institutional Himalayan Gamma Ray Observatory (HiGRO) collaboration was formed to set up VHE gamma rays experiments at Hanle, a high altitude location in Himalayas. HAGAR, the first phase of this collaboration is operational since 2008. HAGAR has successfully detected VHE gamma ray emission from some of the extragalactic objects like Mrk 421, Mrk 501 as well as galactic sources including Crab nebula/pulsar. Details of HAGAR telescope system and results obtained will be discussed. HiGRO is now gearing up for the next phase, i.e. 21 m diameter MACE telescope, which is being installed at Hanle at present. Details of MACE telescope system and future plans will be discussed. (author)

Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory

Science.gov (United States)

1991-01-01

This photograph shows the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (GRO) being deployed by the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis during the STS-37 mission in April 1991. The GRO reentered Earth atmosphere and ended its successful mission in June 2000. For nearly 9 years, the GRO Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE), designed and built by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), kept an unblinking watch on the universe to alert scientists to the invisible, mysterious gamma-ray bursts that had puzzled them for decades. By studying gamma-rays from objects like black holes, pulsars, quasars, neutron stars, and other exotic objects, scientists could discover clues to the birth, evolution, and death of stars, galaxies, and the universe. The gamma-ray instrument was one of four major science instruments aboard the Compton. It consisted of eight detectors, or modules, located at each corner of the rectangular satellite to simultaneously scan the entire universe for bursts of gamma-rays ranging in duration from fractions of a second to minutes. In January 1999, the instrument, via the Internet, cued a computer-controlled telescope at Las Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, within 20 seconds of registering a burst. With this capability, the gamma-ray experiment came to serve as a gamma-ray burst alert for the Hubble Space Telescope, the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, and major gound-based observatories around the world. Thirty-seven universities, observatories, and NASA centers in 19 states, and 11 more institutions in Europe and Russia, participated in the BATSE science program.

Kampf der Generationen oder Solidarität zwischen Jung und Alt? Das österreichische Pflegesystem im europäischen Vergleich

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrea E. Schmidt

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Die Arbeit geht der Frage nach, wie sich das österreichische System der Langzeitbetreuung älterer Menschen mit Augenmerk auf die nachhaltige Solidarität zwischen Generationen u.a. im Vergleich mit anderen europäischen Ländern gestaltet. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf Finanzierungs-, Versorgungs- und Governance-Strukturen gelegt, sowie auf den Vergleich mit anderen sozialpolitischen Bereichen (Familienleistungen, Kinderbetreuung. Österreich hat im internationalen Vergleich ein relativ großzügiges System der öffentlichen Unterstützung älterer Menschen, das stark auf Geldleistungen aufbaut. Dies gilt auch für die Langzeitbetreuung, wo eine große Anzahl pflegebedürftiger Menschen erreicht wird, diese aber pro Kopf eher wenig erhalten. Die Pflegeleistungen werden aus allgemeinen Steuermitteln sowie Kostenbeiträgen von NutzerInnen finanziert, was bedeutet, dass die Finanzierung primär über die Besteuerung von Arbeitseinkommen erfolgt. Unterschiedliche Kostenbeitrags- und Regressregelungen auf Bundesländerebene führen zudem zu großen Differenzen in der finanziellen und faktischen Verantwortung von Familien, insbesondere jüngerer Generationen, die Pflege und Betreuung pflegebedürftiger Angehöriger sicherzustellen. Es folgt, dass die Einführung vermögensbezogener „Pflegesteuern“ zu mehr Ausgewogenheit in den solidarischen Elementen des Pflegesystems beitragen könnte – nicht nur aus Generationensicht. Der flächendeckende Ausbau von Pflege- und Betreuungsdiensten und bundesweit einheitliche Regelungen zu privaten Kostenbeiträgen stellen zudem eine Voraussetzung dafür dar, dass Solidarität zwischen den Generationen unabhängig von sozialer Schicht und Wohnort beurteilt werden kann.

Multiplex Immunoassay of Plasma Cytokine Levels in Men with Alcoholism and the Relationship to Psychiatric Assessments.

Science.gov (United States)

Manzardo, Ann M; Poje, Albert B; Penick, Elizabeth C; Butler, Merlin G

2016-03-29

Chronic alcohol use alters adaptive immunity and cytokine activity influencing immunological and hormone responses, inflammation, and wound healing. Brain cytokine disturbances may impact neurological function, mood, cognition and traits related to alcoholism including impulsiveness. We examined the relationship between plasma cytokine levels and self-rated psychiatric symptoms in 40 adult males (mean age 51 ± 6 years; range 33-58 years) with current alcohol dependence and 30 control males (mean age 48 ± 6 years; range 40-58 years) with no history of alcoholism using multiplex sandwich immunoassays with the Luminex magnetic-bead based platform. Log-transformed cytokine levels were analyzed for their relationship with the Symptom Checklist-90R (SCL-90R), Barratt Impulsivity Scales (BIS) and Alcoholism Severity Scale (ASS). Inflammatory cytokines (interferon γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10); monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1); regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)) were significantly elevated in alcoholism compared to controls while bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cytokines and chemokines (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF); soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L); growth-related oncogene (GRO)) were significantly reduced. GRO and RANTES levels were positively correlated with BIS scales; and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) levels were positively correlated with SCL-90R scale scores (p alcoholism may influence brain function leading to increased impulsiveness and/or phobia. The novel association between RANTES and GRO and impulsivity phenotype in alcoholism should be further investigated in alcoholism and psychiatric conditions with core impulsivity and anxiety phenotypes lending support for therapeutic intervention.

Grand challenges for crop science

Science.gov (United States)

Crop science is a highly integrative science using the disciplines of conventional plant breeding, transgenic crop improvement, plant physiology, and cropping system sciences to develop improved varieties of agronomic, turf, and forage crops to produce feed, food, fuel, and fiber for our world's gro...

Future challenges and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia with emphasis on MRSA

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rasmussen, Rasmus V; Fowler, Vance G; Skov, Robert

2011-01-01

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is an urgent medical problem due to its growing frequency and its poor associated outcome. As healthcare delivery increasingly involves invasive procedures and implantable devices, the number of patients at risk for SAB and its complications is likely to gro...

Nutrition of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus L.: An additional evaluation of the effects of soya-based diets and supplemental prebiotic

Science.gov (United States)

We assessed the effects of a fishmeal- (FM) and two soybean- [SOY = soybean meal (SBM) + soy protein concentrate (SPC)] based diets [with or without prebiotic (GroBiotic® -A; GBA) supplementation] on the production performance, non-specific immunity, blood parameters, and gut microbiota diversity of...

Gardens of Situations

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Boris, Stefan Darlan

2011-01-01

Neither globally, nor in Denmark are city and landscape any longer chracterized as each others opposites. Instead they appear as a diverse constellation of "fragmented urban landscapes". The city is no longer constituted by a hierarchical order with a unifies centrality from where development gro...

Planck intermediate results: XLV. Radio spectra of northern extragalactic radio sources

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ade, P. A R; Aghanim, N.; Aller, H. D.

2016-01-01

Continuum spectra covering centimetre to submillimetre wavelengths are presented for a northern sample of 104 extragalactic radio sources, mainly active galactic nuclei, based on four-epoch Planck data. The nine Planck frequencies, from 30 to 857 GHz, are complemented by a set of simultaneous gro...

Guidelines for Developing Habitat-Based Threatened and Endangered Species Population Goals on Army Installations

Science.gov (United States)

2005-10-01

Many plants have both sexual and vegetative reproduction, and this may be best handled with separate classes that reflect meaningful differ- ences in... Transmutation and functional representation of heterogeneous landscapes.” Landscape Ecology 5: 239-253. LaGro, J.Jr. 1991. “Assessing patch

GroPBS: Fast Solver for Implicit Electrostatics of Biomolecules

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Franziska eBertelshofer

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Knowledge about the electrostatic potential on the surface of biomolecules or biomembranes under physiological conditions is an important step in the attempt to characterize the physico-chemical properties of these molecules and in particular also their interactions with each other. Additionally, knowledge about solution electrostatics may guide also the design of molecules with specified properties. However, explicit water models come at a high computational cost, rendering them unsuitable for large design studies or for docking purposes. Implicit models with the water phase treated as a continuum require the numerical solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann Equation (PBE. Here, we present a new flexible program for the numerical solution of the PBE, allowing for different geometries, and the explicit and implicit inclusion of membranes. It involves a discretization of space and the computation of the molecular surface. The PBE is solved using finite differences, the resulting set of equations is solved using a Gauss-Seidel method. It is shown for the example of the sucrose transporter ScrY that the implicit inclusion of a surrounding membrane has a strong effect also on the electrostatics within the pore region and thus need to be carefully considered e.g. in design studies on membrane proteins.

Prebiotic RNA polymerisation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jelavic, Stanislav; Tobler, Dominique Jeanette; Hassenkam, Tue

2017-01-01

We measured the binding energy and bonding parameters between model nucleotide functional groups and model clay mineral surfaces in solutions of acidic pH. We demonstrate that basal surfaces of clay minerals interact most strongly with nucleobases and show that the adsorption of the phosphate gro...

Aerobic degradation potential of the herbicides mecoprop, dichlorprop and bentazone in groundwater from chalk aquifers

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Levi, Suzi; Hybel, Anne-Marie; Bjerg, Poul Løgstrup

2011-01-01

The aerobic degradation potential of mecoprop, dichlorprop and bentazone was studied at concentration of 1 μg/L in laboratory batch experiments with groundwater from chalk aquifers. Within the incubation period of 129 days, 14C-mecoprop concentration decreased to 60-80% in the microcosms with gro...

Pursuing sustainable development in Norway: The challenge of living up to Brundtland at home

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lafferty, W.M.; Knudsen, Jørgen; Larsen, Olav Mosvold

2007-01-01

With the Norwegian Prime Minister, Gro Harlem Brundtland, as chair of the World Commission on Environment and Development, Norway became an early mover in politics for sustainable development (SD). The pursuit of SD goals has been expressed in several national policy documents, though it was not

Crop and livestock enterprise integration: Effects of annual crops used for fall forage production on livestock productivity

Science.gov (United States)

Diversification of farm enterprises is important to maintain sustainable production systems. Systems that integrate crops and livestock may prove beneficial to each enterprise. Our objectives were to determine the effects of annual crops grazed in the fall and early-winter period on cow and calf gro...

Agonists and inverse agonists for the herpesvirus 8-encoded constitutively active seven-transmembrane oncogene product, ORF-74

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rosenkilde, M M; Kledal, T N; Bräuner-Osborne, Hans

1999-01-01

A number of CXC chemokines competed with similar, nanomolar affinity against 125I-interleukin-8 (IL-8) binding to ORF-74, a constitutively active seven-transmembrane receptor encoded by human herpesvirus 8. However, in competition against 125I-labeled growth-related oncogene (GRO)-alpha, the ORF-74...

The clonal antibody response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa heat shock protein is highly diverse in cystic fibrosis patients

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ulanova, M; Petersen, T D; Ciofu, O

1997-01-01

antibody clones against GroEL. The appearance of new clones with time reflected the long duration of the chronic infection. A striking addition of new clonotypes during the observation period occurred when a new unrelated bacterium (Burkholderia cepacia) had become established as a cause of the pulmonary...

Lipoprotein lipase S447X variant associated with VLDL, LDL and HDL diameter clustering in the MetS

Science.gov (United States)

Previous analysis clustered 1,238 individuals from the general population Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs Network (GOLDN) study by the size of their fasting very low-density, low-density and high-density lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL, HDL) using latent class analysis. From two of the eight identified gro...

Search for the production of single top quarks using the OPAL detector

CERN Document Server

Leins, Axel; Dunnweber, W.

2002-01-01

Innerhalb des sogenannten Standardmodells (SM) der Teilchenphysik ist der Prozess der Flavour-andernden neutralen Str ¨ ome (FCNC) auf Born-Niveau verboten, und nur ¨ uber Prozesse h ¨ oherer Ordnung m ¨ oglich. FCNC-Prozesse sind daher extrem unter- ¨ druckt und sehr selten. Experimentell konnte dies f ¨ ur die ersten beiden Generationen ¨ von Quarks bestatigt werden. F ¨ ur die dritte Generation, speziell f ¨ ur das Top-Quark, ¨ existieren bisher nur wenige experimentelle Erkenntnisse uber FCNC-Prozesse. Durch ¨ theoretische Erweiterungen des SM konnen, aufgrund der extrem großen Masse des ¨ Top-Quarks und der damit verbundenen Sonderstellung, FCNC-Prozesse fur Top- ¨ Quarks vorhergesagt werden, die um mehrere Großenordnungen gegen ¨ uber dem SM ¨ erhoht sind. ¨ In dieser Arbeit wird nach der Produktion einzelner Top-Quarks uber ¨ Flavourandernde neutrale Str ¨ ome mit den Daten des OPAL-Detektors am e ¨ e -Speicherring LEP gesucht. Hierzu wird im hadronischen Zerfallskanal des W-Bosons...

Comparison of antigen-specific T-cell responses of tuberculosis patients using complex or single antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mustafa, A S; Amoudy, H A; Wiker, H G

1998-01-01

We have screened peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from tuberculosis (TB) patients for proliferative reactivity and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion against a panel of purified recombinant (r) and natural (n) culture filtrate (rESAT-6, nMPT59, nMPT64 and nMPB70) and somatic-derived (r......GroES, rPstS, rGroEL and rDnaK) antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The responses of PBMC to these defined antigens were compared with the corresponding results obtained with complex antigens, such as whole-cell M. tuberculosis, M. tuberculosis culture filtrate (MT-CF) and cell wall antigens, as well...... as the vaccine strain, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). In addition, M. tuberculosis and MT-CF-induced T-cell lines were tested in the same assays against the panel of purified and complex antigens. The compiled data from PBMC and T-cell lines tested for antigen-induced proliferation and IFN...

Leucine is a major regulator of muscle protein synthesis in neonates

Science.gov (United States)

Approximately 10 % of infants born in the United States are of low birth weight. Growth failure during the neonatal period is a common occurrence in low birth weight infants due to their inability to tolerate full feeds, concerns about advancing protein supply, and high nutrient requirements for gro...

Ungarn seit der Wahl: Demokratie unter Druck

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Freyberg-Inan, A.; Varga, M.

2011-01-01

Die Verfasser zeigen, dass die Orban-Regierung legitime Probleme benennt, wie etwa Ungarns extrem niedrige Beschäftigungsrate, die mit zu den großen wirtschaftliche Schwierigkeiten des Landes beiträgt. Doch packt sie die identifizierten Probleme zu oft auf eine Weise an, die ganz nebenbei dem

Comparison between medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase mutant proteins overexpressed in bacterial and mammalian cells

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, T G; Bross, P; Andresen, B S

1995-01-01

." Upon expression in E. coli, these mutant proteins produce activity levels in the range of the wild-type enzyme only if the chaperonins GroESL are co-overproduced. When overexpressed in COS cells, the pure folding mutants display enzyme activities comparable to the wild-type enzyme. The results suggest...

Digitalisierung im Verteilnetz: Evolution oder Revolution anhand konkreter Beispiele

Science.gov (United States)

Krone, Oliver; Bachmann, Maurus

Durch die Integration der neuen erneuerbaren Energien steht das Stromnetz vor großen Herausforderungen. Das Energiesystem als Gesamtes und die Verteilnetze im Speziellen werden smart. Anhand konkreter Beispiele wird aufgezeigt, wie die Digitalisierung im Elektrizitätsnetz voranschreitet. Diese Entwicklung ist eine Evolution, nicht aber eine Revolution.

The Radius-Luminosity Relationship for Active Galactic Nuclei: The Effect of Host-Galaxy Starlight on Luminosity Measurements. II. The Full Sample of Reverberation-Mapped AGNs

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bentz, Misty C.; Peterson, Bradley M.; Netzer, Hagai

2009-01-01

We present high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope images of all 35 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with optical reverberation-mapping results, which we have modeled to create a nucleus-free image of each AGN host galaxy. From the nucleus-free images, we determine the host-galaxy contribution to gro...

Lysine-Rich Proteins in High-Lysine Hordeum Vulgare Grain

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ingversen, J.; Køie, B.

1973-01-01

The salt-soluble proteins in barley grain selected for high-lysine content (Hiproly, CI 7115 and the mutants 29 and 86) and of a control (Carlsberg II) with normal lysine content, contain identical major proteins as determined by MW and electrophoretic mobility. The concentration of a protein gro...

Kuidas õppida säilitama vanu tõuge? / Silvia Lotman

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lotman, Silvia, 1980-

2006-01-01

Norra teadlase Gro Bjırnstadti doktoritööst "Genetic Diversity of Norwegian Horses with Emphasis on Native Breeds" (Norra hobusetõugude geneetiline mitmekesisus rõhuasetusega kohalikel tõugudel). Ettekanne konverentsil "Milleks ja kuidas säilitada põliseid hobusetõuge?" Penijõel 15. novembril 2003. aastal

Original Researc Original Research

African Journals Online (AJOL)

RAGHAVENDRA

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important production and it ranks first in total production fro determine the extent of genetic variability, heritability populations from Ethiopia. The populations were gro. Arjo District, East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia during 20 agronomic traits and analyzed using SAS software v were highly ...

Der Shakeout im Industrielebenszyklus

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Croonenbroeck, Carsten; Grimpe, Christoph; Stadtmann, Georg

In vormals aufstrebenden Branchen wie z. B. der Solarindustrie kommt es plötzlich zu einem massiven Austritt selbst großer Marktteilnehmer. Warum? Dieser Artikel zeigt, wie mit mikroökonomischen Überlegungen argumentiert werden kann, um die Anzahl an Unternehmen in einem Markt zu bestimmen. Es wi...

Similar group mean scores, but large individual variations, in patient-relevant outcomes over 2 years in meniscectomized subjects with and without radiographic knee osteoarthritis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Paradowski, Przemyslaw T; Englund, Martin; Roos, Ewa M.

2004-01-01

Epidemiological studies have, so far, identified factors associated with increased risk for incident or progressive OA, such as age, sex, heredity, obesity, and joint injury. There is, however, a paucity of long-term data that provide information on the nature of disease progression on either gro...... knee osteoarthritis (OA)....

Der Dichter Roman Svendborg

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schweppenhäuser, Jakob

2016-01-01

Roman Svendborg? Mein Großvater, Hermann Schweppenhäuser, schenkte mir vor einigen Jahren einmal einen Gedichtband, dessen Verfasser mir bis lang noch nicht bekannt war. Damals noch ein junger dänischer Student der Skandinavistik waren mir schließlich nicht alle deutschsprachigen Dichter geläufig...

A new case of the enigmatic Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp (FU98) in a fox from the Czech Republic

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hodžić, A.; Mitková, B.; Modrý, David; Juránková, J.; Frgelecová, L.; Forejtek, P.; Steinbauer, V.; Duscher, G. G.

2017-01-01

Roč. 31, 1 February (2017), s. 59-60 ISSN 0890-8508 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp. * 16S rRNA * groEL * blood * red fox * Czech Republic Subject RIV: GJ - Animal Vermins ; Diseases, Veterinary Medicine OBOR OECD: Veterinary science Impact factor: 1.403, year: 2016

Effects of manual therapy and exercise targeting the hips in patients with low-back pain-A randomized controlled trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Bade, Michael; Cobo-Estevez, Manuel; Neeley, Darren; Pandya, Jeevan; Gunderson, Travis; Cook, Chad

2017-08-01

The benefits of providing manual therapy and exercise targeting the hips in individuals with mechanical low-back pain (LBP) are not well established. The objective in this study is to determine whether a formal prescriptive treatment protocol for the hips improves outcomes in patients with a primary complaint of mechanical LBP. Eighty-four (84) subjects (50 males, 46.1 ± 16.2 years) were randomized to 1 of 2 groups: pragmatic treatment of the lumbar spine only (LBP) (n = 39) or pragmatic treatment of the lumbar spine and prescriptive treatment of bilateral hips (LBP + HIP) (n = 45). Pragmatic treatment of the lumbar spine was based upon published clinical guidelines. Prescriptive treatment of the hips involved the use of 3 hip exercises targeting the gluteal musculature and 3 mobilization techniques targeting the hips. Subjects were assessed at baseline, 2 weeks, and at discharge with the following measures: Modified Oswestry Disability Index, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, a global rating of change (GRoC) score, the patient acceptable symptom state (PASS), and patient satisfaction. At 2 weeks, significant differences between groups differences were found in GRoC and patient satisfaction (P < .05) favoring the LBP + HIP group. At discharge, there were significant differences on the Modified Oswestry Disability Index, numeric pain rating scale, GRoC, and patient satisfaction favoring the LBP + HIP group (P < .05). Effect sizes were small to medium. Our findings suggest that a prescriptive treatment of the hips may be of clinical value to individuals presenting with the primary complaint of mechanical LBP. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

NF-κB Mediates the Stimulation of Cytokine and Chemokine Expression by Human Articular Chondrocytes in Response to Fibronectin Fragments1

Science.gov (United States)

Pulai, Judit I.; Chen, Hong; Im, Hee-Jeong; Kumar, Sanjay; Hanning, Charles; Hegde, Priti S.; Loeser, Richard F.

2010-01-01

Fibronectin fragments (FN-f) that bind to the α5β1 integrin stimulate chondrocyte-mediated cartilage destruction and could play an important role in the progression of arthritis. The objective of this study was to identify potential cytokine mediators of cartilage inflammation and destruction induced by FN-f and to investigate the mechanism of their stimulation. Human articular chondrocytes, isolated from normal ankle cartilage obtained from tissue donors, were treated with a 110-kDa FN-f in serum-free culture, and expression of various cytokine genes was analyzed by cDNA microarray and by a cytokine protein array. Compared with untreated control cultures, stimulation by FN-f resulted in a >2-fold increase in IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and growth-related oncogene β (GRO-β). Constitutive and FN-f-inducible expression of GRO-α and GRO-γ were also noted by RT-PCR and confirmed by immunoblotting. Previous reports of IL-1β expression induced by FN-f were also confirmed, while TNF expression was found to be very low. Inhibitor studies revealed that FN-f-induced stimulation of chondrocyte chemokine expression was dependent on NF-κB activity, but independent of IL-1 autocrine signaling. The ability of FN-f to stimulate chondrocyte expression of multiple proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines suggests that damage to the cartilage matrix is capable of inducing a proinflammatory state responsible for further progressive matrix destruction, which also includes the chemoattraction of inflammatory cells. Targeting the signaling pathways activated by FN-f may be an effective means of inhibiting production of multiple mediators of cartilage destruction. PMID:15843581

Epiphytic survival of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O145 on baby spinach plants

Science.gov (United States)

Introduction: Non-O157 Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC) have contaminated leafy greens. In early 2010, 26 confirmed illnesses were traced to a multi-state outbreak involving shredded romaine lettuce contaminated with E. coli O145, a STEC. It is possible that the O145 serotype may be suited for gro...

Mechatronic Carlab - Eine System-Entwicklungsumgebung mit realen und virtuellen mechatronischen Fahrzeug-Komponenten

OpenAIRE

Bünte, Tilman

2004-01-01

Bei der Entwicklung mechatronischer Komponenten sind verschiedene Ingenieurdisziplinen beteiligt: Das Fachwissen auf dem Gebiet Mechanik, Elektronik und Informatik ist gefragt, wenn auf kleinem Raum die unterschiedlichsten Funktionen zu einem Produkt integriert werden. Beim DLR in Oberpfaffenhofen hat diese Technologie schon Tradition - ein großes Anwendungsfeld ist inzwischen die Fahrzeugtechnik

Vorgehensmodelle in Deutschland

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kuhrmann, Marco; Linssen, Oliver

2015-01-01

sich die Anwendung von Vorgehensmodellen über die Zeit entwickelt hat. Die Studie hat gezeigt, dass eine Vielzahl von Vorgehensmodellen im Einsatz ist. Obwohl ein Trend weg von großen Standards zu beobachten ist, werden sowohl agile wie auch klassische Ansätze angewendet. Die Studie zeigt auch, dass...

The molecular basis of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency in compound heterozygous patients

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andresen, B S; Bross, P; Udvari, S

1997-01-01

-causing mutations in 14 families in whom both mutations had not previously been reported. We then evaluated the severity of the mutations identified in these 14 families. Using expression of mutant MCAD in Escherichia coli with or without co-overexpression of the molecular chaperonins GroESL we showed that five...

Die „Neue Ökonomie“ des industriellen Kapitalismus

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Reckendrees, Alfred

2015-01-01

Als die Industrialisierung um 1840 in den meisten deutschen Regionen begann, arbeiteten in Aachen bereits mehr als die Hälfte aller Beschäftigten in großen Fabriken. Dampfmaschinen und rauchende Schornsteine prägten das Bild der Stadt. Wie kam es dazu? Welche Veränderungen brachte die Industriewi...

Perfonnance ,of Provenances of Sesbania macrontha at Gairo ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

sessment oates. Increase in mortality with age has also been reported in'S. macrantha at. Chalimbana (Kamaraand' Maghembe, 1994) c .. ~::.,.~' -.-.~. Table 2: Coefficients of a1lo~etric equation~ and their goodness of fiJ f9r.§esbania macrantha pro~enances gro~at G!l.iro, Morogoro, Tanzania.., .,," ,. Branch biomas (kg per.

What are the "ingredients" for economic growth?

OpenAIRE

Wolla, Scott A.

2013-01-01

Is there a recipe for economic growth? Perhaps some Miracle-Gro for the economy? If only it were that easy. While the exact recipe is a mystery, economists have identified some of the key ingredients. This month’s newsletter discusses the role that economic institutions play in fostering long-term economic growth.

Disease: H00378 [KEGG MEDICUS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available H00378 Lyssavirus infection; Rabies-related virus infection Lyssaviruses are a gro...up of viruses that includes rabies virus and other rabies-related bat lyssaviruses. Rabies-related lyssaviru...23] European bat lyssavirus 1 [GN:T40024] European bat lyssavirus 2 [GN:T40025] ... Rabies vaccine [DR:D06504] Rabies

An Integrated Learning Approach to Teaching an Undergraduate Information Systems Course

Science.gov (United States)

Riordan, Robert J.; Hine, Michael J.; Smith, Tim C.

2017-01-01

This paper describes the redesign and implementation of an introductory Information Systems class. The redesign was guided by principles drawn from the experiential and active learning literature. Central to the redesign are two simulated companies: petGRO, a fictional ERP-enabled pet food and accessories e-tailer, and beans4all, a technology…

Layer-by-layer nanoparticles as an efficient siRNA delivery vehicle for SPARC silencing.

Science.gov (United States)

Tan, Yang Fei; Mundargi, Raghavendra C; Chen, Min Hui Averil; Lessig, Jacqueline; Neu, Björn; Venkatraman, Subbu S; Wong, Tina T

2014-05-14

Efficient and safe delivery systems for siRNA therapeutics remain a challenge. Elevated secreted protein, acidic, and rich in cysteine (SPARC) protein expression is associated with tissue scarring and fibrosis. Here we investigate the feasibility of encapsulating SPARC-siRNA in the bilayers of layer-by-layer (LbL) nanoparticles (NPs) with poly(L-arginine) (ARG) and dextran (DXS) as polyelectrolytes. Cellular binding and uptake of LbL NPs as well as siRNA delivery were studied in FibroGRO cells. siGLO-siRNA and SPARC-siRNA were efficiently coated onto hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. The multilayered NPs were characterized with regard to particle size, zeta potential and surface morphology using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The SPARC-gene silencing and mRNA levels were analyzed using ChemiDOC western blot technique and RT-PCR. The multilayer SPARC-siRNA incorporated nanoparticles are about 200 nm in diameter and are efficiently internalized into FibroGRO cells. Their intracellular fate was also followed by tagging with suitable reporter siRNA as well as with lysotracker dye; confocal microscopy clearly indicates endosomal escape of the particles. Significant (60%) SPARC-gene knock down was achieved by using 0.4 pmole siRNA/μg of LbL NPs in FibroGRO cells and the relative expression of SPARC mRNA reduced significantly (60%) against untreated cells. The cytotoxicity as evaluated by xCelligence real-time cell proliferation and MTT cell assay, indicated that the SPARC-siRNA-loaded LbL NPs are non-toxic. In conclusion, the LbL NP system described provides a promising, safe and efficient delivery platform as a non-viral vector for siRNA delivery that uses biopolymers to enhance the gene knock down efficiency for the development of siRNA therapeutics. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Comparative proteomic analysis of Listeria monocytogenes exposed to enterocin AS-48 in planktonic and sessile states.

Science.gov (United States)

Caballero Gómez, Natacha; Abriouel, Hikmate; Ennahar, Said; Gálvez, Antonio

2013-10-15

Enterocin AS-48 is a cyclic peptide of great interest for application in food preservation and sanitation. In the present study, the proteome response of Listeria monocytogenes to purified enterocin AS-48 was studied under two different conditions: planktonic cells and sessile cells grown on polystyrene plates. Ten different proteins were differentially expressed in planktonic L. monocytogenes cells treated with 0.1 μg/ml enterocin AS-48 compared to the untreated controls. Overexpressed proteins were related to stress response (DnaK) or carbohydrate transport and metabolism, while underexpressed and unexpressed proteins were related to metabolism (such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate oxidase, glutamate dehydrogenase or glutamate decarboxylase) or stress (GroEL). In the sessile state, L. monocytogenes cells tolerated up to 10 μg/ml bacteriocin, and the treated biofilm cells overexpressed a set of 11 proteins, some of which could be related to stress response (DnaK, GroEL), protein synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, while glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was the only unexpressed protein. Some of the overexpressed proteins (such as elongation factor Tu and GroEL) could also be implicated in cell adhesion. These results suggest different cell responses of L. monocytogenes to enterocin AS-48 in the planktonic and in the sessile state, including stress response and cell metabolism proteins. While in the planktonic state the bacterium may tend to compensate for the cytoplasmic cell permeability changes induced by AS-48 by reinforcing carbohydrate transport and metabolism, sessile cells seem to respond by shifting carbohydrate metabolism and reinforcing protein synthesis. Stress response proteins also seem to be important in the response to AS-48, but the stress response seems to be different in planktonic and in sessile cells. © 2013.

Dose optimization of intra-operative high dose rate interstitial brachytherapy implants for soft tissue sarcoma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jamema Swamidas

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Objective : A three dimensional (3D image-based dosimetric study to quantitatively compare geometric vs. dose-point optimization in combination with graphical optimization for interstitial brachytherapy of soft tissue sarcoma (STS. Materials and Methods : Fifteen consecutive STS patients, treated with intra-operative, interstitial Brachytherapy, were enrolled in this dosimetric study. Treatment plans were generated using dose points situated at the "central plane between the catheters", "between the catheters throughout the implanted volume", at "distances perpendicular to the implant axis" and "on the surface of the target volume" Geometrically optimized plans had dose points defined between the catheters, while dose-point optimized plans had dose points defined at a plane perpendicular to the implant axis and on the target surface. Each plan was graphically optimized and compared using dose volume indices. Results : Target coverage was suboptimal with coverage index (CI = 0.67 when dose points were defined at the central plane while it was superior when the dose points were defined at the target surface (CI=0.93. The coverage of graphically optimized plans (GrO was similar to non-GrO with dose points defined on surface or perpendicular to the implant axis. A similar pattern was noticed with conformity index (0.61 vs. 0.82. GrO were more conformal and less homogeneous compared to non-GrO. Sum index was superior for dose points defined on the surface of the target and relatively inferior for plans with dose points at other locations (1.35 vs. 1.27. Conclusions : Optimization with dose points defined away from the implant plane and on target results in superior target coverage with optimal values of other indices. GrO offer better target coverage for implants with non-uniform geometry and target volume.

Scleroderma dermal microvascular endothelial cells exhibit defective response to pro-angiogenic chemokines

Science.gov (United States)

Rabquer, Bradley J.; Ohara, Ray A.; Stinson, William A.; Campbell, Phillip L.; Amin, M. Asif; Balogh, Beatrix; Zakhem, George; Renauer, Paul A.; Lozier, Ann; Arasu, Eshwar; Haines, G. Kenneth; Kahaleh, Bashar; Schiopu, Elena; Khanna, Dinesh; Koch, Alisa E.

2016-01-01

Objectives. Angiogenesis plays a critical role in SSc (scleroderma). The aim of this study was to examine the expression of growth-regulated protein-γ (Gro-γ/CXCL3), granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 (GCP-2/CXCL6) and their receptor CXCR2 in endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from SSc skin and determine whether these cells mount an angiogenic response towards pro-angiogenic chemokines. The downstream signalling pathways as well as the pro-angiogenic transcription factor inhibitor of DNA-binding protein 1 (Id-1) were also examined. Methods. Skin biopsies were obtained from patients with dcSSc. ECs were isolated via magnetic positive selection. Angiogenesis was measured by EC chemotaxis assay. Results. Gro-γ/CXCL3 and GCP-2/CXCL6 were minimally expressed in both skin types but elevated in SSc serum. Pro-angiogenic chemokine mRNA was greater in SSc ECs than in normal ECs. SSc ECs did not migrate to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Gro-γ/CXCL3, GCP-2/CXCL6 or CXCL16. The signalling pathways stimulated by these chemokines were also dysregulated. Id-1 mRNA in SSc ECs was lower compared with normal ECs, and overexpression of Id-1 in SSc ECs increased their ability to migrate towards VEGF and CXCL16. Conclusion. Our results show that SSc ECs are unable to respond to pro-angiogenic chemokines despite their increased expression in serum and ECs. This might be due to the differences in the signalling pathways activated by these chemokines in normal vs SSc ECs. In addition, the lower expression of Id-1 also decreases the angiogenic response. The inability of pro-angiogenic chemokines to promote EC migration provides an additional mechanism for the impaired angiogenesis that characterizes SSc. PMID:26705326

Targeting the HSP60/10 chaperonin systems of Trypanosoma brucei as a strategy for treating African sleeping sickness.

Science.gov (United States)

Abdeen, Sanofar; Salim, Nilshad; Mammadova, Najiba; Summers, Corey M; Goldsmith-Pestana, Karen; McMahon-Pratt, Diane; Schultz, Peter G; Horwich, Arthur L; Chapman, Eli; Johnson, Steven M

2016-11-01

Trypanosoma brucei are protozoan parasites that cause African sleeping sickness in humans (also known as Human African Trypanosomiasis-HAT). Without treatment, T. brucei infections are fatal. There is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies as current drugs are toxic, have complex treatment regimens, and are becoming less effective owing to rising antibiotic resistance in parasites. We hypothesize that targeting the HSP60/10 chaperonin systems in T. brucei is a viable anti-trypanosomal strategy as parasites rely on these stress response elements for their development and survival. We recently discovered several hundred inhibitors of the prototypical HSP60/10 chaperonin system from Escherichia coli, termed GroEL/ES. One of the most potent GroEL/ES inhibitors we discovered was compound 1. While examining the PubChem database, we found that a related analog, 2e-p, exhibited cytotoxicity to Leishmania major promastigotes, which are trypanosomatids highly related to Trypanosoma brucei. Through initial counter-screening, we found that compounds 1 and 2e-p were also cytotoxic to Trypanosoma brucei parasites (EC 50 =7.9 and 3.1μM, respectively). These encouraging initial results prompted us to develop a library of inhibitor analogs and examine their anti-parasitic potential in vitro. Of the 49 new chaperonin inhibitors developed, 39% exhibit greater cytotoxicity to T. brucei parasites than parent compound 1. While many analogs exhibit moderate cytotoxicity to human liver and kidney cells, we identified molecular substructures to pursue for further medicinal chemistry optimization to increase the therapeutic windows of this novel class of chaperonin-targeting anti-parasitic candidates. An intriguing finding from this study is that suramin, the first-line drug for treating early stage T. brucei infections, is also a potent inhibitor of GroEL/ES and HSP60/10 chaperonin systems. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Integrated culture platform based on a human platelet lysate supplement for the isolation and scalable manufacturing of umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells.

Science.gov (United States)

de Soure, António M; Fernandes-Platzgummer, Ana; Moreira, Francisco; Lilaia, Carla; Liu, Shi-Hwei; Ku, Chen-Peng; Huang, Yi-Feng; Milligan, William; Cabral, Joaquim M S; da Silva, Cláudia L

2017-05-01

Umbilical cord matrix (UCM)-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are promising therapeutic candidates for regenerative medicine settings. UCM MSCs have advantages over adult cells as these can be obtained through a non-invasive harvesting procedure and display a higher proliferative capacity. However, the high cell doses required in the clinical setting make large-scale manufacturing of UCM MSCs mandatory. A commercially available human platelet lysate-based culture supplement (UltraGRO TM , AventaCell BioMedical) (5%(v/v)) was tested to effectively isolate UCM MSCs and to expand these cells under (1) static conditions, using planar culture systems and (2) stirred culture using plastic microcarriers in a spinner flask. The MSC-like cells were isolated from UCM explant cultures after 11 ± 2 days. After five passages in static culture, UCM MSCs retained their immunophenotype and multilineage differentiation potential. The UCM MSCs cultured under static conditions using UltraGRO TM -supplemented medium expanded more rapidly compared with UCM MSCs expanded using a previously established protocol. Importantly, UCM MSCs were successfully expanded under dynamic conditions on plastic microcarriers using UltraGRO TM -supplemented medium in spinner flasks. Upon an initial 54% cell adhesion to the beads, UCM MSCs expanded by >13-fold after 5-6 days, maintaining their immunophenotype and multilineage differentiation ability. The present paper reports the establishment of an easily scalable integrated culture platform based on a human platelet lysate supplement for the effective isolation and expansion of UCM MSCs in a xenogeneic-free microcarrier-based system. This platform represents an important advance in obtaining safer and clinically meaningful MSC numbers for clinical translation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Eritrea : Von der Befreiung zur Unterdrückung

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Reisen, Mirjam; Buck, K.D.

2015-01-01

Über das heutige Eritrea ist nur wenig bekannt. Als das kleine Land am Horn von Afrika 1993 die Unabhängigkeit erlangte, waren nicht nur im Land selbst die Hoffnungen groß, dass nach dem dreißig Jahre dauernden Befreiungskampf gegen Äthiopien eine bessere und friedliche Zukunft für alle beginnen

DMPD: Convergence of the NF-kappaB and IRF pathways in the regulation of the innateantiviral response. [Dynamic Macrophage Pathway CSML Database

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 17706453 Convergence of the NF-kappaB and IRF pathways in the regulation of the innatea... (.png) (.svg) (.html) (.csml) Show Convergence of the NF-kappaB and IRF pathways in the regulation of the innatea... IRF pathways in the regulation of the innateantiviral response. Authors Hiscott J. Publication Cytokine Gro

Kohärente Teilchenproduktion in Dreijetereignissen der $e^+e^--$Annihilation Eine Untersuchung der Multiplizität in Quark-Gluon-Ensembles und eine präzise Bestimmung von $C_A/C_F$ mit Daten des DELPHI-Experimentes

CERN Document Server

Siebel, Martin

2003-01-01

Die kohärente Teilchenproduktion in hadronischen Z-Zerfällen mit drei Jets im Endzustand wird anhand von mit dem DELPHI-Experiment in den Jahren 1992-1995 aufgenommenen Daten untersucht. Die unter großem Winkel zur Ereignisebene gemessene Multiplizität ist in guter Übereinstimmung mit einer Vorhersage in führender Ordnung. Es wird gezeigt, dass zur Beschreibung der Daten ein negativer Interferenzterm notwendig ist. Ein Skalieren der Impulsverteilungen der unter großem Winkel produzierten Teilchen wird für Impulse unter ca. 1GeV beobachtet, wodurch die lokale Parton-Hadron Dualitätshypothese (LPHD) bestätigt wird. Es wird eine gute Beschreibung der in Dreijetereignissen gemessenen Gesamtmultiplizität durch eine MLLA-Vorhersage beobachtet. Eine Parameteranpassung der Vorhersage an die Daten ergibt das Farbfaktorverhältnis CA/CF = 2.261 ± 0.014(stat.) ± 0.036(syst.) ± 0.052(theor.) ± 0.041(clus.), welches die bislang präziseste Messung dieses Wertes darstellt. Das Verhältnis der Gluon- zur Quar...

Role of Bacterioferritin & Ferritin in M. tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Drug Resistance: A Future Perspective by Interactomic Approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Divakar Sharma

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one of the most successful and deadliest human pathogen. Aminoglycosides resistance leads to emergence of extremely drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. Iron is crucial for the biological functions of the cells. Iron assimilation, storage and their utilization is not only involved in pathogenesis but also in emergence of drug resistance strains. We previously reported that iron storing proteins (bacterioferritin and ferritin were found to be overexpressed in aminoglycosides resistant isolates. In this study we performed the STRING analysis of bacterioferritin & ferritin proteins and predicted their interactive partners [ferrochelatase (hemH, Rv1877 (hypothetical protein/probable conserved integral membrane protein, uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (hemE trigger factor (tig, transcriptional regulatory protein (MT3948, hypothetical protein (MT1928, glnA3 (glutamine synthetase, molecular chaperone GroEL (groEL1 & hsp65, and hypothetical protein (MT3947]. We suggested that interactive partners of bacterioferritin and ferritin are directly or indirectly involved in M. tuberculosis growth, homeostasis, iron assimilation, virulence, resistance, and stresses.

Optimal identification of semi-rigid domains in macromolecules from molecular dynamics simulation.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefan Bernhard

Full Text Available Biological function relies on the fact that biomolecules can switch between different conformations and aggregation states. Such transitions involve a rearrangement of parts of the biomolecules involved that act as dynamic domains. The reliable identification of such domains is thus a key problem in biophysics. In this work we present a method to identify semi-rigid domains based on dynamical data that can be obtained from molecular dynamics simulations or experiments. To this end the average inter-atomic distance-deviations are computed. The resulting matrix is then clustered by a constrained quadratic optimization problem. The reliability and performance of the method are demonstrated for two artificial peptides. Furthermore we correlate the mechanical properties with biological malfunction in three variants of amyloidogenic transthyretin protein, where the method reveals that a pathological mutation destabilizes the natural dimer structure of the protein. Finally the method is used to identify functional domains of the GroEL-GroES chaperone, thus illustrating the efficiency of the method for large biomolecular machines.

Structure Determination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Serine Protease Hip1 (Rv2224c)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Naffin-Olivos, Jacqueline L.; Daab, Andrew; White, Andre; Goldfarb, Nathan E.; Milne, Amy C.; Liu, Dali; Baikovitz, Jacqueline; Dunn, Ben M.; Rengarajan, Jyothi; Petsko, Gregory A.; Ringe, Dagmar

2017-04-07

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) serine protease Hip1 (hydrolase important for pathogenesis; Rv2224c) promotes tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis by impairing host immune responses through proteolysis of a protein substrate, Mtb GroEL2. The cell surface localization of Hip1 and its immunomodulatory functions make Hip1 a good drug target for new adjunctive immune therapies for TB. Here, we report the crystal structure of Hip1 to a resolution of 2.6 Å and the kinetic studies of the enzyme against model substrates and the protein GroEL2. The structure shows a two-domain protein, one of which contains the catalytic residues that are the signature of a serine protease. Surprisingly, a threonine is located within the active site close enough to hydrogen bond with the catalytic residues Asp463 and His490. Mutation of this residue, Thr466, to alanine established its importance for function. Our studies provide insights into the structure of a member of a novel family of proteases. Knowledge of the Hip1 structure will aid in designing inhibitors that could block Hip1 activity

Regulation of human cytokines by Cordyceps militaris

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yong Sun

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Cordyceps (Cordyceps militaris exhibits many biological activities including antioxidant, inhibition of inflammation, cancer prevention, hypoglycemic, and antiaging properties, etc. However, a majority of studies involving C. militaris have focused only on in vitro and animal models, and there is a lack of direct translation and application of study results to clinical practice (e.g., health benefits. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects of C. militaris micron powder (3 doses on the human immune system. The study results showed that administration of C. militaris at various dosages reduced the activity of cytokines such as eotaxin, fibroblast growth factor-2, GRO, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the activity of various cytokines, including GRO, sCD40L, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and a significant downregulation of interleukin-12(p70, interferon-γ inducible protein 10, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β activities, indicating that C. militaris at all three dosages downregulated the activity of cytokines, especially inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Different dosages of C. militaris produced different changes in cytokines.

Molecular detection and identification of Rickettsiales pathogens in dog ticks from Costa Rica.

Science.gov (United States)

Campos-Calderón, Liliana; Ábrego-Sánchez, Leyda; Solórzano-Morales, Antony; Alberti, Alberto; Tore, Gessica; Zobba, Rosanna; Jiménez-Rocha, Ana E; Dolz, Gaby

2016-10-01

Although vector-borne diseases are globally widespread with considerable impact on animal production and on public health, few reports document their presence in Central America. This study focuses on the detection and molecular identification of species belonging to selected bacterial genera (Ehrlichia, Anaplasma and Rickettsia) in ticks sampled from dogs in Costa Rica by targeting several genes: 16S rRNA/dsb genes for Ehrlichia; 16S rRNA/groEL genes for Anaplasma, and ompA/gltA/groEL genes for Rickettsia. PCR and sequence analyses provides evidences of Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l ticks, and allow establishing the presence of Rickettsia monacensis in Ixodes boliviensis. Furthermore, the presence of recently discovered Mediterranean A. platys-like strains is reported for the first time in Central America. Results provide new background on geographical distribution of selected tick-transmitted bacterial pathogens in Costa Rica and on their molecular epidemiology, and are pivotal to the development of effective and reliable diagnostic tools in Central America. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Relativität, Quanten theorie und Große Vereinigung

CERN Multimedia

2005-01-01

Albert Einstein's general relativity theory is so successful - It remains a classic description, that considers no quantum effects. In t his interview, Hermann Nicolai, Director of the Max Planck Institute for gravitationnal physics in Postdam, describe possible ways to come to a standardized theory

in three diFFerent GroUps in hUnGAry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

csenge Földvári-nagy

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Introduction. Gastrointestinal and urogenital infections cause great costs to health system and are responsible for many deathsall over the world. personal hygiene is the simplest, most cost-effective method of prevention against these infections.Aim. the aim of our study was to investigate personal hygiene habits of a selected hungarian subpopulations and explore thesubject of hygienic education.Material and methods. 324 participants from three hungarian subpopulations (high school students, employed universitygraduates, and health care students and professionals filled in our self-designed, on-line, self-administered and anonymousquestionnaire.Results. the participants typically washed their hair 1 to 3 times a week, bathed once a day and brushed their teeth 1 to 2 timesa day with no significant differences between groups. more than two third of the participants always washed their hands beforea meal, but 21% of the respondents did not use soap for washing or did not wash their hands at all. Alarmingly, more than halfof health care professionals and students and four fifth of high school students do not wash their hands before using a toilet.Conclusions. hand washing habits of the studied population, especially those of high school students, result in a high risk ofurogenital, gastrointestinal and, in case of health care employees, nosocomial infections. the importance of health care education of young and adult people is not to be underestimated.

Proceedings – Mathematical Sciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Author Affiliations. José M Rodríguez1 José M Sigarreta2. Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Carlos E. Adame No. 54 Col. Garita, 39650 Acalpulco Gro., Mexico ...

Comfort Ye My People: Chaplains, Spiritual Care, and Operational Stress Injury

Science.gov (United States)

2011-04-30

post - traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ), operational stress injury (OSI...combat operational stress injury and post - traumatic stress disorder yet, of necessity, their work is grounded in a medical model ill equipped to...into combat operational stress injury and post - traumatic stress disorder yet, of necessity’ their work is groWlded in. a medical model ill equipped

Fulltext PDF

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

It is a general knowledge that the defects in solids and liquids play an important role and help one to understand the diffusion mechanism whereas the pressure ..... [14] T Groß, J Buchhauser, W E Price, I N Tarassob and H D Lüdemann, J. Mol. Liq. 73–74, 433 (1997). [15] N Karger, S Wappmann, N Shaker-Gaafar and H D ...

Zur Bedeutung der Pharmakogenetik in der Veterinärmedizin am Beispiel des MDR1-Gendefektes beim Hund

OpenAIRE

Geyer, Joachim

2014-01-01

Die Pharmakogenetik untersucht, inwieweit Variationen in Genen, welche die pharmakokinetischen und pharmakodynamischen Prozesse eines Arzneistoffes kontrollieren für die interindividuellen Unterschiede in der Arzneistoffwirkung oder dem vermehrten Auftreten unerwünschter Arzneistoffwirkungen verantwortlich sind. Die pharmakogenetische Forschung hat in der Humanmedizin in den vergangenen 10-20 Jahren große Fortschritte erzielt, wobei die auf eine personalisierte Medizin ausgerichtete Berücksic...

Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Panel on Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water

2005-01-01

... intake to the risk of high blood pressure and hypertension as well as other diseases and the amounts of water from beverages and foods needed to maintain hydration. In addition, since requirements for sulfur can be met by inorganic sulfate in the diets of animals, a review of the role in inorganic sulfur in the form of sulfate is included. The gro...

Recombinant human growth-regulated oncogene-alpha induces T lymphocyte chemotaxis. A process regulated via IL-8 receptors by IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jinquan, T; Frydenberg, Jane; Mukaida, N

1995-01-01

receptors on the cells. This process can be augmented by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, and inhibited by IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. In addition, we also document that on T lymphocytes there exist IL-8 receptors that can be up-regulated by IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2. Our results demonstrate that rhGRO-alpha gene...

Bioinformatische Analyse und funktionelle Charakterisierung von strukturellen Genvarianten in ADME-Genen in humaner Leber

OpenAIRE

Tremmel, Roman

2016-01-01

Die Pharmakogenetik beschreibt die Untersuchung von interindividuellen genetischen Unterschieden, welche die Wirkung von Medikamenten und die Reaktion auf xenobioti-sche Substanzen beeinflussen. Ein Großteil dieser Variabilität beruht auf Unterschieden im hepatischen Arzneimittelmetabolismus. Die daran beteiligten Enzyme, Transporter und Rezeptoren sind in die Prozesse der Absorption, der Distribution, des Metabolismus und der Exkretion involviert und werden als ADME-Gengruppe zusammengefasst...

Who will feed China in the 21st century ? income growth and food demand and supply in China

OpenAIRE

Fukase, Emiko; Martin, Will

2014-01-01

This paper uses resource-based cereal equivalent measures to explore the evolution of China's demand and supply for food. Although demand for food calories is probably close to its peak level in China, the ongoing dietary shift to animal-based foods, induced by income growth, is likely to impose considerable pressure on agricultural resources. Estimating the relationship between income gro...

Konzeptionelle Entwicklung innovativer Bremssysteme

OpenAIRE

Schwankl, L.

2017-01-01

Im Rahmen des hier vorgestellten Kooperationsprojekts wurden vorhandene elektromagnetische Bremsen nach konstruktionsmethodischen Gesichtspunkten überarbeitet. Nach einer intensiven Auseinandersetzung mit dem bestehenden System wurde unter Anwendung unterschiedlichster Kreativitätstechniken eine große Anzahl von neuen Lösungsvorschlägen erarbeitet und dokumentiert. Bereits in den frühen Phasen der Produktentwicklung wurden die relevanten, produktbestimmenden Eigenschaften mittels einfacher An...

Einsatzverhalten genuteter CBN-Schleifscheiben mit keramischer Bindung beim Außenrund-Einstechschleifen

OpenAIRE

Kirchgatter, Mathias

2010-01-01

Industrielle Schleifprozesse für Bauteile aus gehärteten Stahlwerkstoffen werden vermehrt mit keramisch gebundenen CBN-Schleifscheiben durchgeführt, die sich bei vielen Anwendungen aufgrund ihres Eigenschaftsprofils und der erweiterten Einstellbarkeit der Bindungsspezifikationen gegenüber anderen Schleifwerkzeugtypen durchsetzen. Der Optimierungsdruck der Großserien- und Massenfertigungsprozesse hat bereits zu einer beachtlichen Entwicklung hinsichtlich der Leistungsfähigkeit dieses Werkzeugt...

Helicobacter pylori-derived Heat shock protein 60 enhances angiogenesis via a CXCR2-mediated signaling pathway

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lin, Chen-Si [Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (China); School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (China); He, Pei-Juin; Hsu, Wei-Tung [Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (China); Wu, Ming-Shiang [Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (China); Wu, Chang-Jer [Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan (China); Shen, Hsiao-Wei [Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (China); Hwang, Chia-Hsiang [Yung-Shin Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., Tachia, Taichung, Taiwan (China); Lai, Yiu-Kay [Department of Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (China); Tsai, Nu-Man [School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (China); Liao, Kuang-Wen, E-mail: kitchhen@yahoo.com.tw [Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (China)

2010-06-25

Helicobacter pylori is a potent carcinogen associated with gastric cancer malignancy. Recently, H. pylori Heat shock protein 60 (HpHSP60) has been reported to promote cancer development by inducing chronic inflammation and promoting tumor cell migration. This study demonstrates a role for HpHSP60 in angiogenesis, a necessary precursor to tumor growth. We showed that HpHSP60 enhanced cell migration and tube formation, but not cell proliferation, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HpHSP60 also indirectly promoted HUVEC proliferation when HUVECs were co-cultured with supernatants collected from HpHSP60-treated AGS or THP-1 cells. The angiogenic array showed that HpHSP60 dramatically induced THP-1 cells and HUVECs to produce the chemotactic factors IL-8 and GRO. Inhibition of CXCR2, the receptor for IL-8 and GRO, or downstream PLC{beta}2/Ca2+-mediated signaling, significantly abolished HpHSP60-induced tube formation. In contrast, suppression of MAP K or PI3 K signaling did not affect HpHSP60-mediated tubulogenesis. These data suggest that HpHSP60 enhances angiogenesis via CXCR2/PLC{beta}2/Ca2+ signal transduction in endothelial cells.

Effect of volatile hydrocarbon fractions on mobility and earthworm uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soils and soil/lampblack mixtures.

Science.gov (United States)

Bogan, Bill W; Beardsley, Kate E; Sullivan, Wendy R; Hayes, Thomas D; Soni, Bhupendra K

2005-01-01

Studies were conducted to examine the mobility and bioavailability to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) of priority pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in a suite of 11 soils and soil/lampblack mixtures obtained from former manufactured-gas plant sites. Contaminant mobility was assessed using XAD4 resins encapsulated in dialysis tubing, which were exposed to slurried soils for 15 d. These experiments showed that mobility of PAH in the different soils strongly correlated to the levels of volatile hydrocarbons (namely, gasoline- and diesel-range organics [GRO and DRO]) that existed in the soils as co-contaminants. Actual PAH bioavailability (as measured by earthworm PAH concentrations) also appeared to depend on GRO + DRO levels, although this was most evident at high levels of these contaminants. These findings are discussed in view of the effects of dieselrange organics on oil viscosity, assuming that the hydrocarbon contaminants in these soils exist in the form of distinct adsorbed oil phases. This study, therefore, extends correlations between carrier-oil viscosity and dissolved solute bioavailability, previously observed in a number of other in vitro and whole-organism tests (and in bacterial mutagenicity studies in soil), to multicellular organisms inhabiting contaminated-soil systems.

Helicobacter pylori-derived Heat shock protein 60 enhances angiogenesis via a CXCR2-mediated signaling pathway

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin, Chen-Si; He, Pei-Juin; Hsu, Wei-Tung; Wu, Ming-Shiang; Wu, Chang-Jer; Shen, Hsiao-Wei; Hwang, Chia-Hsiang; Lai, Yiu-Kay; Tsai, Nu-Man; Liao, Kuang-Wen

2010-01-01

Helicobacter pylori is a potent carcinogen associated with gastric cancer malignancy. Recently, H. pylori Heat shock protein 60 (HpHSP60) has been reported to promote cancer development by inducing chronic inflammation and promoting tumor cell migration. This study demonstrates a role for HpHSP60 in angiogenesis, a necessary precursor to tumor growth. We showed that HpHSP60 enhanced cell migration and tube formation, but not cell proliferation, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HpHSP60 also indirectly promoted HUVEC proliferation when HUVECs were co-cultured with supernatants collected from HpHSP60-treated AGS or THP-1 cells. The angiogenic array showed that HpHSP60 dramatically induced THP-1 cells and HUVECs to produce the chemotactic factors IL-8 and GRO. Inhibition of CXCR2, the receptor for IL-8 and GRO, or downstream PLCβ2/Ca2+-mediated signaling, significantly abolished HpHSP60-induced tube formation. In contrast, suppression of MAP K or PI3 K signaling did not affect HpHSP60-mediated tubulogenesis. These data suggest that HpHSP60 enhances angiogenesis via CXCR2/PLCβ2/Ca2+ signal transduction in endothelial cells.

Detectability of γ-rays from clumps of dark matter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lake, G.

1990-01-01

If the dark matter in our Galaxy is made up of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with masses of the order of several GeV (for example, photinos or Higgsinos), γ-rays produced by their annihilation would in principle be observable. But the expected flux from a smoothly distributed dark matter halo is much smaller than the observed diffuse background, and although narrow lines might be produced, their intensity would be much too low to see with the Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO). A complementary approach is to consider unique spatial signatures. Numerical simulations of galaxy formation show that even in the central bulge of the Galaxy, the mean density of the dark matter could be equal to that of the stars. If this were so, GRO could see the Galactic Centre as a source of annihilating dark matter. Other lumps formed as part of the hierarchical formation of the Galaxy could also produce sources that would be recognized by the shape of their continuum spectrum and a line feature in sufficiently bright sources. Even Geminga, the second strongest source of γ-rays at energies greater than 50 MeV, could be annihilating dark matter. (author)

Regulation of human cytokines by Cordyceps militaris.

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Yong; Shao, Yani; Zhang, Zhiguo; Wang, Lianfen; Mariga, Alfred M; Pang, Guangchang; Geng, Chaoyu; Ho, Chi-Tang; Hu, Qiuhui; Zhao, Liyan

2014-12-01

Cordyceps (Cordyceps militaris) exhibits many biological activities including antioxidant, inhibition of inflammation, cancer prevention, hypoglycemic, and antiaging properties, etc. However, a majority of studies involving C. militaris have focused only on in vitro and animal models, and there is a lack of direct translation and application of study results to clinical practice (e.g., health benefits). In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects of C. militaris micron powder (3 doses) on the human immune system. The study results showed that administration of C. militaris at various dosages reduced the activity of cytokines such as eotaxin, fibroblast growth factor-2, GRO, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the activity of various cytokines, including GRO, sCD40L, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and a significant downregulation of interleukin-12(p70), interferon-γ inducible protein 10, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β activities, indicating that C. militaris at all three dosages downregulated the activity of cytokines, especially inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Different dosages of C. militaris produced different changes in cytokines. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

How do eubacterial organisms manage aggregation-prone proteome? [v1; ref status: indexed, http://f1000r.es/3k3

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rishi Das Roy

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Eubacterial genomes vary considerably in their nucleotide composition. The percentage of genetic material constituted by guanosine and cytosine (GC nucleotides ranges from 20% to 70%.  It has been posited that GC-poor organisms are more dependent on protein folding machinery. Previous studies have ascribed this to the accumulation of mildly deleterious mutations in these organisms due to population bottlenecks. This phenomenon has been supported by protein folding simulations, which showed that proteins encoded by GC-poor organisms are more prone to aggregation than proteins encoded by GC-rich organisms. To test this proposition using a genome-wide approach, we classified different eubacterial proteomes in terms of their aggregation propensity and chaperone-dependence using multiple machine learning models. In contrast to the expected decrease in protein aggregation with an increase in GC richness, we found that the aggregation propensity of proteomes increases with GC content. A similar and even more significant correlation was obtained with the GroEL-dependence of proteomes: GC-poor proteomes have evolved to be less dependent on GroEL than GC-rich proteomes. We thus propose that a decrease in eubacterial GC content may have been selected in organisms facing proteostasis problems.

Daptomycin: a novel lipopeptide antibiotic against Gram-positive pathogens

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andres Beiras-Fernandez

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Andres Beiras-Fernandez1,*, Ferdinand Vogt1,*, Ralf Sodian1, Florian Weis21Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany; 2Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany *Andres Beiras-Fernandez and Ferdinand Vogt contributed equally to this paperAbstract: The aim of this review is to summarize the historical background of drug resistance of Gram-positive pathogens as well as to describe in detail the novel lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin. Pharmacological and pharmacokinetic aspects are reviewed and the current clinical use of daptomycin is presented. Daptomycin seems to be a reliable drug in the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections, infective right-sided endocarditis, and bacteremia caused by Gram-positive agents. Its unique mechanism of action and its low resistance profile, together with its rapid bactericidal action make it a favorable alternative to vancomycin in multi-drug resistant cocci. The role of daptomycin in the treatment of prosthetic material infections, osteomyelitis, and urogenital infections needs to be evaluated in randomized clinical trials.Keywords: daptomycin, multi-drug resistance, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, left-sided endocarditis

Rezension von: Julia Reuter, Paula-Irene Villa (Hg.: Postkoloniale Soziologie. Empirische Befunde, theoretische Anschlüsse, politische Intervention. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag 2010.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ruth Streicher

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Welche Inspirationen und Anforderungen ergeben sich aus dem Projekt der ‚Dekolonisierung‘ der Soziologie auf der theoretischen, konzeptionellen und empirischen Ebene für die deutsche soziologische Debatte? Die im Band versammelten Beiträge bieten erste Versuche zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen. Während Selbstreflexivität großgeschrieben wird, mangelt es auch diesem Band noch an empirischer Fundierung der postkolonialen Kritik.

Global regulation of virulence and the stress response by CsrA in the highly adapted human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Barnard, F.M.; Loughlin, M.F.; Fainberg, H.P.

2004-01-01

-induced transcriptional responses of napA and ahpC, the acid induction of napA, cagA, vacA, the urease operon, and fur, as well as the heat shock responses of napA, groESL and hspR. Although the level of napA transcript was higher in the csrA mutant, its stability was similar in the wild-type and mutant strains, and less...

Die österreichische Medienlandschaft im Umbruch Birgit Stark, Melanie Magin (Hrsg.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clemens Hüffel

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Spezifische Medienstrukturen - aktuelle Medienentwicklungen Mit dem Titel „Die österreichische Medienlandschaft im Umbruch“ sind die Erwartungshaltungen des Lesers naturgemäß groß, nicht ganz können diese erfüllt werden. Die Beiträge, wie immer in der Buchreihe „relation“, unterliegen einem Peer-review-Verfahren und sind wissenschaftlich hochwertig. Freilich ist die Lesbarkeit nicht immer gegeben.

Mehrfacheffekt-Feuchtluftdestillation bei Umgebungsdruck

OpenAIRE

Müller-Holst, Hendrik

2007-01-01

Ein neuartiges Verfahren zur Feuchtluftdestillation mittels Verdunstung und Kondensation in einer einzigen Kammer wurde im Rahmen der Arbeit umfassend analysiert. Das Verfahren arbeitet bei Umgebungsdruck; der dadurch bei Temperaturen unter dem Siedepunkt verringerte Stoffübergang wird durch große Austauschflächen mit hoher Packungsdichte kompensiert. Der Transport der im Verdunster beladenen Feuchtluft zum Kondensator erfolgt innerhalb einer optimierten geometrischen Anordnung der Baueinheit...

Kooperative Planung im Kontext informeller Siedlungen in Porto Alegre, Brasilien

OpenAIRE

Zellhuber, Andrea

2010-01-01

Wie die meisten lateinamerikanischen Großstädte zeichnet sich die Peripherie von Porto Alegre durch ein dynamisches und ungeregeltes Siedlungswachstum in Form von Landbesetzungen und illegalen Parzellierungen aus. Mit Hilfe von Methoden der qualitativen Sozial¬forschung werden anhand einer Fallstudie insbesondere die damit verbundenen städtischen Umweltkonflikte analysiert und deren Einbeziehung in kooperative Planungsverfahren untersucht. Die Prozesse des ungeregelten Siedlungswachstums am S...

LEXIKALISCHE MITTEL IN DER HOTELWERBUNG

OpenAIRE

Blažević, Nevenka

2003-01-01

Werbung ist das wichtigste Marketinginstrument in der Hotellerie. Bei jeder Werbekampagne ist die sprachliche Seite von großer Bedeutung. In diesem Beitrag wird die lexikalische Ebene der Prospekttexte analysiert. Es wird auf allgemeine sprachliche Merkmale dieser Textsorte verwiesen. In Hotelprospekten lassen sich zwei Funktionen erkennen: die Informationsfunktion und die Appellfunktion. Die Appellfunktion wird meistens durch Adjektive ausgedrückt. Bei der Auswahl der lexikalischen Mittel...

Nachsteuer-optimale Anlage- und Finanzierungskonzepte in der Privaten Finanzplanung

OpenAIRE

Mederer, Markus Friedrich

2008-01-01

In seiner Dissertation untersucht Herr Mederer zentrale Fragestellungen bei Anlage- und Finanzierungsentscheidungen in der Privaten Finanzplanung im Rahmen einer einheitlichen Nachsteuer-Betrachtung. Dies ist insofern von Bedeutung, da - wie einleitend aufzeigt wird - einerseits kundenseitig eine große Notwendigkeit für die Private Finanzplanung über alle Bevölkerungs- und Einkommensschichten hinweg existiert, nicht zuletzt aufgrund der immer komplexer werdenden steuerlichen Regelungen. Ander...

Visual Characterization of VX Droplets on Plant Foliage

Science.gov (United States)

2016-07-01

droplets were dispensed onto plant leaves using a high-precision syringe. Digital photographs of the droplets were taken at intervals, saved, and...purposes of advertisement . Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Dr...alcohol (CAS no. 67-63-0) was used as an extractant. Miracle-Gro Water Soluble All Purpose Plant Food (Scotts Company; Marysville, OH) fertilizer

Optimaler Aufbau von Batteriesystemen für Windkraftanlagen

OpenAIRE

König, Sebastian; Leibfried, Thomas; Wandschneider, Frank; Röhm, Simon; Fischer, Peter

2013-01-01

Die Modellierung, Simulation und Optimierung eines großen Batteriespeichersystems wird am Beispiel der Vanadium-Redox-Flow-Batterie (VRFB) präsentiert. Das vorgestellte multiphysikalische Gesamtmodell spiegelt das elektrochemi-sche und das hydraulische Verhalten der Batterie wieder. Der elektrische Teil enthält auch eine in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Fraunhofer ICT in Pfinztal/Berghausen entworfene Modellierung der sogenannten Streustromverluste, welche in Flussbatterien auftreten. Das Energiewan...

AMMU Automotive Mixed Mock-Up: Konzeption einer neuen Entwicklungsplattform für die Automobilindustrie

OpenAIRE

Geißel, Oliver

2012-01-01

Vor dem Hintergrund der großen Herausforderungen der Automobilindustrie zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts beschäftigt sich diese Arbeit mit den Potentialen der Informationstechnologie, im speziellen der Mixed Reality, hinsichtlich der Anpassung von Methoden und Prozessen innerhalb der Produktentwicklung an die aktuellen Herausforderungen. Mit der Einführung von Mixed Reality in den Produktentwicklungsprozess wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit den Herausforderungen innerhalb der automobilen Entwick...

Structure-Based Sequence Alignment of the Transmembrane Domains of All Human GPCRs: Phylogenetic, Structural and Functional Implications

Science.gov (United States)

Cvicek, Vaclav; Goddard, William A.; Abrol, Ravinder

2016-01-01

The understanding of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) is undergoing a revolution due to increased information about their signaling and the experimental determination of structures for more than 25 receptors. The availability of at least one receptor structure for each of the GPCR classes, well separated in sequence space, enables an integrated superfamily-wide analysis to identify signatures involving the role of conserved residues, conserved contacts, and downstream signaling in the context of receptor structures. In this study, we align the transmembrane (TM) domains of all experimental GPCR structures to maximize the conserved inter-helical contacts. The resulting superfamily-wide GpcR Sequence-Structure (GRoSS) alignment of the TM domains for all human GPCR sequences is sufficient to generate a phylogenetic tree that correctly distinguishes all different GPCR classes, suggesting that the class-level differences in the GPCR superfamily are encoded at least partly in the TM domains. The inter-helical contacts conserved across all GPCR classes describe the evolutionarily conserved GPCR structural fold. The corresponding structural alignment of the inactive and active conformations, available for a few GPCRs, identifies activation hot-spot residues in the TM domains that get rewired upon activation. Many GPCR mutations, known to alter receptor signaling and cause disease, are located at these conserved contact and activation hot-spot residue positions. The GRoSS alignment places the chemosensory receptor subfamilies for bitter taste (TAS2R) and pheromones (Vomeronasal, VN1R) in the rhodopsin family, known to contain the chemosensory olfactory receptor subfamily. The GRoSS alignment also enables the quantification of the structural variability in the TM regions of experimental structures, useful for homology modeling and structure prediction of receptors. Furthermore, this alignment identifies structurally and functionally important residues in all human GPCRs

GROSS- GAMMA RAY OBSERVATORY ATTITUDE DYNAMICS SIMULATOR

Science.gov (United States)

Garrick, J.

1994-01-01

The Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) spacecraft will constitute a major advance in gamma ray astronomy by offering the first opportunity for comprehensive observations in the range of 0.1 to 30,000 megaelectronvolts (MeV). The Gamma Ray Observatory Attitude Dynamics Simulator, GROSS, is designed to simulate this mission. The GRO Dynamics Simulator consists of three separate programs: the Standalone Profile Program; the Simulator Program, which contains the Simulation Control Input/Output (SCIO) Subsystem, the Truth Model (TM) Subsystem, and the Onboard Computer (OBC) Subsystem; and the Postprocessor Program. The Standalone Profile Program models the environment of the spacecraft and generates a profile data set for use by the simulator. This data set contains items such as individual external torques; GRO spacecraft, Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS), and solar and lunar ephemerides; and star data. The Standalone Profile Program is run before a simulation. The SCIO subsystem is the executive driver for the simulator. It accepts user input, initializes parameters, controls simulation, and generates output data files and simulation status display. The TM subsystem models the spacecraft dynamics, sensors, and actuators. It accepts ephemerides, star data, and environmental torques from the Standalone Profile Program. With these and actuator commands from the OBC subsystem, the TM subsystem propagates the current state of the spacecraft and generates sensor data for use by the OBC and SCIO subsystems. The OBC subsystem uses sensor data from the TM subsystem, a Kalman filter (for attitude determination), and control laws to compute actuator commands to the TM subsystem. The OBC subsystem also provides output data to the SCIO subsystem for output to the analysts. The Postprocessor Program is run after simulation is completed. It generates printer and CRT plots and tabular reports of the simulated data at the direction of the user. GROSS is written in FORTRAN 77 and

Active site of Zn2+-dependent sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase from Aeropyrum pernix K1

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jin-Suk Han

2005-01-01

Full Text Available The enzyme sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gro1PDH, EC 1.1.1.261 is key to the formation of the enantiomeric configuration of the glycerophosphate backbone (sn-glycerol-1-phosphate of archaeal ether lipids. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible conversion between dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glycerol-1-phosphate. To date, no information about the active site and catalytic mechanism of this enzyme has been reported. Using the sequence and structural information for glycerol dehydrogenase, we constructed six mutants (D144N, D144A, D191N, H271A, H287A and D191N/H271A of Gro1PDH from Aeropyrum pernix K1 and examined their characteristics to clarify the active site of this enzyme. The enzyme was found to be a zinc-dependent metalloenzyme, containing one zinc ion for every monomer protein that was essential for activity. Site-directed mutagenesis of D144 increased the activity of the enzyme. Mutants D144N and D144A exhibited low affinity for the substrates and higher activity than the wild type, but their affinity for the zinc ion was the same as that of the wild type. Mutants D191N, H271A and H287A had a low affinity for the zinc ion and a low activity compared with the wild type. The double mutation, D191N/ H271A, had no enzyme activity and bound no zinc. From these results, it was clarified that residues D191, H271 and H287 participate in the catalytic activity of the enzyme by binding the zinc ion, and that D144 has an effect on substrate binding. The structure of the active site of Gro1PDH from A. pernix K1 seems to be similar to that of glycerol dehydrogenase, despite the differences in substrate specificity and biological role.

A Technique for Controlling Matric Suction on Filter Papers . GroWth ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

'Abstract. Moist filter papers are widely usedfor seed gennination tests but their water confent and matric suction are not usually controlled. A technique for controlling filter paper matric suction is described and usedfor germination studies involving fresh and aged sorghum seed (Sorghummcolor (L) Moench). Filter papers ...

Authormagic: Ein Konzept zur Autorenidentifikation in Großen Digitalen Bibliotheken

CERN Document Server

Weiler, Henning

2012-01-01

Author name ambiguities distort the quality of information discovery in digital libraries. These ambiguities also contribute to the inaccurate attribution of authorship to individual researchers. The latter is especially delicate in research evaluation. To solve this issue, many algorithmic bulk disambiguation approaches have been proposed in the literature. However, no algorithmic approach can solve author ambiguities with an accuracy of 100%. Some online projects allow users to manually create publication lists, which are then regarded as profiles of the researchers. The tedious work to manually assemble such publication lists and the unavailability of scientific material in these projects limit the success of these projects. The “Authormagic” concept is developed in this thesis to address the author ambiguity issue with a hybrid approach of combining algorithmic and human intelligence. A customized agglomerative clustering approach first determines publication clusters by comparing available metadata. ...

Social Networks and Cooperative Travel Behaviour

OpenAIRE

Illenberger, Johannes

2012-01-01

Ein Großteil des Verkehrsaufkommens und der Verkehrsleistung ist allein dem Freizeitverkehr zuzuordnen. Der Forschungsstand in der Modellierung des Freizeitverkehrs ist allerdings weniger fortgeschritten als in der Modellierung des Pendlerverkehrs. Dies ist unter Anderem dadurch zu begründen, dass der Freizeitverkehr eine sehr heterogenes Segment darstellt und die Datengrundlage deutlich geringer ist. Studien zu Freizeitaktivitäten legen nahe, dass Freizeitaktivitäten nicht allein durch den Z...

Die Zukunft des Sozialstaates Deutschland: Elemente einer Reformstrategie

OpenAIRE

Lampert, Heinz

1998-01-01

Die Notwendigkeit einer Reform des Sozialstaates Deutschland ist nach Auffassung des Autors evident, weil eine zu hohe Staats- und Sozialabgabenquote zu Steuervermeidung, Verringerung der Leistungsbereitschaft, Schwarzarbeit, Steuerhinterziehung, Korruption und Betrug führen und die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Wirtschaft gefährden. Der Sozialstaat, den der Verfasser als eine der großen Errungenschaften der Neuzeit interpretiert, kann nach seiner Überzeugung aber so reformiert werden, daß soziale...

Energieversorgung in Friedrichshafen in ihrem ökonomischen, technischen und ikonographischen Umfeld

OpenAIRE

Leu, Ulrike

2005-01-01

In der vorliegenden Arbeit geht es um die Entwicklung der Stromversorgung in Friedrichshafen. Die Energieversorgungsgeschichte dieser Stadt ist besonders interessant, da sie mit der Stadtgeschichte in außerordentlich engem Zusammenhang steht.Dabei soll insbesondere untersucht werden, inwiefern die Stromversorgung im Bezug zu den Industriebetrieben der Stadt steht, die sich aus der Zeppelinforschung entwickelt haben, da die Zeppelinindustrie durch die beiden Weltkriege einen enorm großen Aufsc...

Die Silhouette in der zeitgenössischen Kunst: Vergegenwärtigung und Bewältigung in Kara Walkers "Slavery! Slavery!"

OpenAIRE

Haarer, Andrea

2012-01-01

Lotte Reinigers Silhouettenfilme nutzten mediale Eigenschaften von Abstraktion und Imagination sowie kulturelle Kodes als visuelle Strategie, um bekannte Geschichten bildlich zu kommentieren und andersartig zu erzählen. Kara Walker setzt diese Strategie bildlichen Erzählens in der zeitgenössischen Kunst fruchtbar fort. Ihre großformatigen Silhouetten machen in "Slavery! Slavery!" (1997) die Schwierigkeit sichtbar, eine afroamerikanische Geschichte zu erzählen, die nicht von Mythen und Stereot...

Regulating Market Entry of Low-Cost Private Schools in Sub-Saharan Africa : Towards a Theory of Private Education Regulation

OpenAIRE

Baum, Donald R.; Cooper, Rachel; Lusk-Stover, Oni

2018-01-01

This study provides a comparative assessment of policies governing private schools in twenty countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Findings suggest that current regulatory systems are failing to adequately address the negative externalities and failures of private schooling markets. Insufficient capacity on the part of governments is a contributor to uneven policy implementation and creates opportunities for rent-seeking and corruption. Onerous market entry regulations offer constraints on the gro...

J-Quizmaker

OpenAIRE

Waßmann, Ingolf; Müller, Martin; Tavangarian, Djamshid

2016-01-01

Lehrvideos erfreuen sich dank aktueller Entwicklungen im Bereich der Online-Lehre (Videoplattformen, MOOCs) auf der einen Seite und einer riesigen Auswahl sowie einer einfachen Produktion und Distribution auf der anderen Seite großer Beliebtheit bei der Wissensvermittlung. Trotzdem bringen Videos einen entscheidenden Nachteil mit sich, welcher in der Natur des Datenformats liegt. So sind die Suche nach konkreten Sachverhalten in einem Video sowie die semantische Aufbereitung zur automatisiert...

Overview / Editorial

OpenAIRE

Maguire, Mark; Titley, Gavan

2010-01-01

‘Integration’ has been established as the preferred rubric for academic discussions, popular polemics and political proposals concerning migration, difference and social futures in globalised nation-states, particularly in western Europe. This amplification owes much to its perceived, corrective relationship to ‘multiculturalism’, widely – and erroneously – regarded as a ‘failed experiment’ requiring rehabilitative action on issues such as social cohesion, ‘shared values’ and variously gro...

OUTCOME OF PREGNANCIES COMPLICATED BY THREATENED ABORTION IN THE SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY - PROSPECTIVE STUDY

OpenAIRE

Rajeswary

2015-01-01

AIM: To compare the outcome of pregnancies complicated by bleeding per vaginum between 14- 20 weeks with those not complicated by bleeding per vaginum before 20 weeks. To evaluate the potential determinants of outcome such as gestational age at bleeding, number of bleeding episodes, extent of placental separation or sub chorionic bleed, incidence of complications as placenta previa, abruptio placenta, development of gestational hypertension and pre eclampsia, intra uterine gro...

Warum macht Fliegen glücklich?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gertrud Pfister

2005-07-01

Full Text Available Berufliche Orientierungen von Pilotinnen weckt große Erwartungen, die leider nur teilweise eingelöst werden. Es ermöglicht Einsichten in die Berufsbiographien von Pilotinnen und in das „Gendering“ des Berufsfelds, gibt aber auf zentrale Fragen, u.a. nach den Barrieren, die Frauen den Weg an die Spitze versperren, keine befriedigenden Antworten. So bleibt auch offen, warum Fliegen glücklich macht.

Pasireotid: Eine neue Therapieoption bei Morbus Cushing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luger A

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Im Behandlungsalgorithmus des Morbus Cushing war bisher keine zugelassene pharmakologische Behandlungsmöglichkeit verfügbar. Mit dem Multirezeptor-Somatostatinanalogon Pasireotid steht nun mit der im April 2012 erfolgten Zulassung die erste, spezifisch für die Therapie dieses Krankheitsbildes entwickelte Substanz zur Verfügung. Die Studienevidenz belegt eine schnelle und nachhaltige Reduktion der ACTH- und Kortisolproduktion mit klinischer Besserung bei einem Großteil der Patienten.

„… höher als die Liebe zur Wissenschaft steht die Treue zum eigenen Vaterland …“: Hallenser Romanisten im Ersten Weltkrieg

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Annette Schiller

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Die 1914 verbreitete Kriegsbegeisterung nahm auch die Romanisten nicht aus. Briefe und Tagebuchnotizen aus der Zeit zeigen, wie Lehrende und Studenten unseres Faches, deren gemeinsamer Bezug die Zugehörigkeit zum Romanischen Seminar Halle war, vom „Großen Krieg“ betroffen waren und führen uns die Situation und Geisteshaltung der Professoren und Studenten und die Rückwirkungen des Krieges auf das Fach vor Augen.

Effekte gewaltorientierter Computerspiele bei Kindern : Wirkmechanismen, Moderatoren und Entwicklungsfolgen

OpenAIRE

Trudewind, Clemens; Steckel, Rita

2003-01-01

'Einen großen Teil ihrer Freizeit verbringen Kinder und Jugendliche derzeit mit Computer- und Videospielen. Viele dieser Spiele fordern vom Spieler gewalttätige und gegen virtuelle Personen gerichtete aggressive Aktionen. Im Unterschied zur Fernsehwirkungsforschung gibt es bisher nur wenige empirische Untersuchungen, die sich mit den Auswirkungen des Umgangs mit solchen Spielen beschäftigen. Das Ziel dieser Studie war a) unmittelbare Effekte des Spielens gewalthaltiger Computerspiele experime...

Zum Entwicklungsstand und zu Entwicklungsproblemen unserer Jugend - 1987 : Forschungsergebnisse - Beobachtungen - Überlegungen in 10 Thesen

OpenAIRE

Friedrich, Walter

1987-01-01

Dieser Bericht gibt in zehn Thesen einen Überblick über Forschungsergebnisse, Beobachtungen und Überlegungen zum Entwicklungsstand der DDR-Jugend im Jahre 1987. Diese sei "in ihrer großen Mehrheit durch ein hohes Niveau ihrer sozialistischen Persönlichkeitsentwicklung charakterisiert". Kritisiert wird die Rolle der FDJ, die die Interessenvertretung der Jugend nicht ausreichend wahrnehme. Weiterhin nehme die Rezeption westlicher Rundfunk- und Fernsehsendungen immer mehr zu, jedoch sei es verbo...

Perbedaan Rerata Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa dengan Strategi Belajar Mandiri dan Gaya Belajar

OpenAIRE

Sri Utami, Rahma Kurnia; Sumitro, Bambang; Herpratiwi, Herpratiwi

2014-01-01

The objective of research is to analyze interaction between independent learning strategy and learning style to student achievement mean gain, difference of student achievement mean gain between mind map and learning journal methods, difference of field dependent student achievement mean gain between mind map and learning journal methods, and difference of field independent student achievement mean gain between mind map and learning journal methods. The research use non equivalent control gro...

Hochempfindliche Oberflächenwellen-Sensoren für die Medizinische Diagnostik

OpenAIRE

Rupp, Swen

2004-01-01

Kernpunkt dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung eines Sensorsystems zur medizinischen Diagnostik von Immunreaktionen. Ein großes Interesse besteht an einer schnellen Detektion von Antigen-Antikörper-Reaktionen. Geringe Stoffkonzentrationen sollen im Bereich von µg/ml in Plasma, Serum oder Blut nachgewiesen werden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein einfach handhabbares Sensorsystem entwickelt, das für den Einsatz in Arztpraxen und Laboratorien geeignet ist. Als physikalische Grundlage dienen Senso...

Kritische Psychologie und die Rhetorik der Kritik

OpenAIRE

Billig, Michael

2006-01-01

'Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem gegenwärtigen Stellenwert der kritischen Psychologie. Aufmerksamkeit wird vor allem der Situation in Großbritannien gewidmet, wo sich kritische Psychologie in den letzten Jahren deutlich weiterentwickelt hat. Die rhetorische Verwendung des Begriffs 'kritisch' wird untersucht und die These vertreten, dass drei Elemente impliziert sind: (a) eine Kritik gegenwärtiger Sozialstrukturen, (b) eine Kritik anderer akademischer Herangehensweisen, vor allem solcher,...

Participative Budgeting as a Communication Process: A Model and Experiment.

Science.gov (United States)

1978-01-01

were that perceived influence was positively related to favorable attitudes toward the job and to motivation for effective performance .~~ Vroom ’s...process in the autonomy program increased the satisfaction of the gro ups , b ut also concluded that the performance of groups , measured in terms of...and rein- forcement contingencies on subject satisfaction and performance . The study utilized undergraduate business students in four person groups

Nutzung und Akzeptanz von Electronic Commerce : E-Commerce und die Bürger

OpenAIRE

Schenk, Michael; Wolf, Malthe

2000-01-01

Marktprognosen bescheinigen dem elektronischen Handel eine große Zukunft. Business-Transaktionen verändern sich rapide unter dem Einfluss elektronischer Kommunikationstechnologien. Wenngleich auch erwartet wird, dass sich Business-to-Consumer E-Commerce weltweit als erfolgreicher Vertriebs- und Kommunikationskanal etablieren wird, stößt E-Commerce derzeit noch nicht auf die erhoffte Akzeptanz in breiten Konsumentenschichten. Dies hängt nicht zuletzt mit der Verbreitung des Internet zusammen, ...

Abbreviated Environmental Assessment for the Northwest Infrastructure, Phase II Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany

Science.gov (United States)

2007-12-01

Impact to flying insect species could be generated by artificial lightning. 2.1.5.2.3 Biotope connecting travel corridors would be impacted by the...well as applying lamps with light that is less attractive to night- active insects (e.g. gaslight, fluorescent tube). Mitigation measures for the...Devi l~bit (Scabious) symphytum officinale agg. Gew6hnlichcr Beinwcll Common Comfrey urtica dioica GroJ3e Brennesscl Stinging Nettle

Die Sprache des Marketings und ihre Übersetzung: Morphologische und semantische Aspekte der Terminologie

OpenAIRE

Konovalova, Anastasia; Ruiz Yepes, Guadalupe

2016-01-01

Mit der schnellen Entwicklung der Fachsprachen im Bereich Wirtschaft wird auch die Wichtigkeit der Fachkommunikation in internationalen Unternehmen immer deutlicher. Für die Fachübersetzer wirtschaftlicher Texte bedeutet diese Entwicklung oft eine große Herausforderung. Dieser Aufsatz widmet sich der kontrastiven Analyse der Terminologie des Marketings für das Sprachenpaar Deutsch-Spanisch. Das analysierte Korpus besteht aus wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Beiträgen aus dem Bereich Marketing, d...

Non-medical prescribing of chemotherapy: engaging stakeholders to maximise success?

OpenAIRE

Lennan, Elaine

2014-01-01

Aim This study report examines the views and experiences of professional stakeholders about non-medical prescribing (NMP) of chemotherapy. Background The introduction of open formulary NMP has created opportunities to radically change health-care delivery. For chemotherapy services, the most recent advice from the National Chemotherapy Advisory Group [Department of Health (2009) Chemotherapy Services in England, ensuring quality and safety: a report from the National Chemotherapy Advisory Gro...

Langfristig sichere elektronische Geldsysteme mit Observern

OpenAIRE

Schwarzpaul, Thomas

2009-01-01

In Anlehnung an herkömmliches Bargeld wurde 1988 von D. Chaum, A. Fiat und M. Naor ein erstes anonymes elektronisches Zahlungssystem, ein so genanntes elektronisches Geldsystem, entwickelt. Als digitales Äquivalent zu unserem gewöhnlichen Bargeld bietet elektronisches Geld Anonymität, Fälschungssicherheit und Verifizierbarkeit der Echtheit als wesentliche Sicherheitsmerkmale. Anonymität ist die auszeichnende Eigenschaft elektronischer Geldsysteme und ein Großteil der in der Literatur ...

3D-Druck von Kunststoff-Medizinprodukten

OpenAIRE

Polzin, Christian; Seitz, Hermann

2012-01-01

Das Additive Manufacturing gewinnt im Bereich der Medizintechnik zur Herstellung von Prototypen bis hin zu Endprodukten zunehmend an Bedeutung. Ein großes Hemmnis stellen allerdings die relativ hohen Fertigungskosten dar. Hier bietet der verstärkte Einsatz der 3D-Drucktechnologie (3D Printing) ein erhebliches Potential zur Reduktion der Kosten. Aus dieser Motivation heraus wurde ein 3D-Druckverfahren zur Herstellung biokompatibler, sterilisierbarer Kunststoffmodelle entwickelt. Beim 3D-Druck-...

The KnownLeaf literature curation system captures knowledge about Arabidopsis leaf growth and development and facilitates integrated data mining

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dóra Szakonyi

2015-05-01

DATA: The presented work was performed in the framework of the AGRON-OMICS project (Arabidopsis GRO wth Network integrating OMICS technologies supported by European Commission 6th Framework Programme project (Grant number LSHG-CT-2006-037704. This is a data integration and data sharing portal collecting all the all the major results from the consortium. All data presented in our paper is available here. https://agronomics.ethz.ch/.

Funktionale Charakterisierung an der Biofilmbildung beteiligter Faktoren pathogener und kommensaler Escherichia coli

OpenAIRE

Reidl, Sebastian

2009-01-01

Multizelluläre Gemeinschaften in Form bakterieller Biofilme stellen aus medizinischer Sicht ein großes klinisches Problem dar. Häufig lassen sich chronische oder rezidivierende Erkrankungen aber auch nosokomiale Infektionen auf die multizelluläre Lebensweise von humanpathogenen Erregern zurückführen. Sowohl fakultativ als auch obligat pathogene Escherichia coli-Stämme besitzen eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Faktoren, die die Biofilmbildung beeinflussen. Daran beteiligt sind unter anderem Fla...

Evolution und Funktionsvariabilität von bunodonten Molaren bei Primaten

OpenAIRE

Menz, Ulrike Maria (Doktor)

2017-01-01

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden funktionale Details der Okklusion während der Mastikation bei ausgewählten fossilen und rezenten Primaten quantitativ vergleichend untersucht. Dazu wurden die Okklusionsflächen von antagonistischen Molarenpaaren mit modernen virtuellen Verfahren eingescannt und anhand von 3D Kronenmodellen kartiert und funktional ausgewertet. Die in der Forschergruppe DFG FOR 771 entwickelte Software „Occlusal Fingerprint Analyser“ (OFA) kam erstmals bei einer großen Stichpro...

A functional glycogen biosynthesis pathway in Lactobacillus acidophilus: expression and analysis of the glg operon

OpenAIRE

Goh, Yong Jun; Klaenhammer, Todd R

2013-01-01

Glycogen metabolism contributes to energy storage and various physiological functions in some prokaryotes, including colonization persistence. A role for glycogen metabolism is proposed on the survival and fitness of Lactobacillus acidophilus, a probiotic microbe, in the human gastrointestinal environment. L.?acidophilus?NCFM possesses a glycogen metabolism (glg) operon consisting of glgBCDAP - amy - pgm genes. Expression of the glg operon and glycogen accumulation were carbon source- and gro...

A new way of producing pediocin in Pediococcus acidilactici through intracellular stimulation by internalized inulin nanoparticles.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Whee-Soo; Lee, Jun-Yeong; Singh, Bijay; Maharjan, Sushila; Hong, Liang; Lee, Sang-Mok; Cui, Lian-Hua; Lee, Ki-June; Kim, GiRak; Yun, Cheol-Heui; Kang, Sang-Kee; Choi, Yun-Jaie; Cho, Chong-Su

2018-04-12

One of the most challenging aspects of probiotics as a replacement for antibiotics is to enhance their antimicrobial activity against pathogens. Given that prebiotics stimulate the growth and/or activity of probiotics, we developed phthalyl inulin nanoparticles (PINs) as prebiotics and observed their effects on the cellular and antimicrobial activities of Pediococcus acidilactici (PA). First, we assessed the internalization of PINs into PA. The internalization of PINs was largely regulated by glucose transporters in PA, and the process was energy-dependent. Once internalized, PINs induced PA to produce substantial amounts of antimicrobial peptide (pediocin), which is effective against both Gram-positive (Salmonella Gallinarum) and Gram-negative (Listeria monocytogenes) pathogens. When treated with small-sized PINs, PA witnessed a nine-fold increase in antimicrobial activity. The rise in pediocin activity in PA treated with PINs was accompanied by enhanced expression of stress response genes (groEL, groES, dnaK) and pediocin biosynthesis genes (pedA, pedD). Although the mechanism is not clear, it appears that the internalization of PINs by PA causes mild stress to activate the PA defense system, leading to increased production of pediocin. Overall, we identified a prebiotic in nanoparticle form for intracellular stimulation of probiotics, demonstrating a new avenue for the biological production of antimicrobial peptides.

Cytokine responses to Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection differ between patient cohorts that have different clinical courses of infection.

Science.gov (United States)

McNicholas, Sinead; Talento, Alida Fe; O'Gorman, Joanne; Hannan, Margaret M; Lynch, Maureen; Greene, Catherine M; Humphreys, Hilary; Fitzgerald-Hughes, Deirdre

2014-11-15

The clinical course of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection is unpredictable and bacterial virulence, host immune response and patient characteristics are among the factors that contribute to the clinical course of infection. To investigate the relationship between cytokine response and clinical outcome, circulating cytokine levels were investigated in response to S. aureus bloodstream infection in patients with different clinical courses of infection. A prospective study was carried out in 61 patients with S. aureus bloodstream infection and circulating levels of IL-6, GRO-γ, RANTES and leptin were assessed over the course of the infection. Levels were compared in patients with complicated courses of infection (e.g. infective endocarditis) versus uncomplicated courses of S. aureus bloodstream infection and methicillin-resistant S. aureus Vs methicillin-susceptible S. aureus infection. Significantly lower leptin levels (p < 0.05) and significantly higher IL-6 levels (p < 0.05) were detected at laboratory diagnosis in patients with complicated compared to uncomplicated S. aureus bloodstream infection. Significantly higher levels of GRO-γ were associated with MRSA infection compared to MSSA infection. IL-6 may be an early inflammatory marker of complicated S. aureus bloodstream infection. Leptin may be protective against the development of a complicated S. aureus bloodstream infection.

Potential of Multi-Winglet Systems to Improve Aircraft Performance

OpenAIRE

Berens, Martin

2008-01-01

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Untersuchung des Potenzials von Multi-Winglet Konfigurationen zur Leistungssteigerung von Flugzeugen. Multi-Winglet Systeme sind aus der Vogelwelt bekannt. Die offensichtliche Diskrepanz zwischen dem Erfolg der Multi-Winglet Konfiguration in der Natur sowie dem theoretisch großen Potenzial zur Verringerung des induzierten Widerstands und der damit verbundenen Abschwächung der Intensität der Nachlaufwirbel auf der einen und den gleichzeitig mäßigen Er...

Ortsaufgelöste Phasenanalyse an selbstverlaufenden Bodenspachtelmassen

OpenAIRE

Seifert, Severin

2009-01-01

Selbstnivellierende Bodenspachtelmassen sind hochentwickelte und polymervergütete Trockenmörtelprodukte, welche größtenteils im Renovierungsbereich auf unebenen Untergründen eingesetzt werden. Die Aufgabe dieser Mörtel besteht darin, einen glatten und planen Untergrund für einen abschließenden Bodenbelag zu schaffen. Während der Hydratation der Spachtelmasse entsteht eine sehr komplexe Mikrostruktur die einen großen Einfluss auf die physikalischen Endeigenschaften hat. Mit Hilfe der Mikrobeug...

Risiko Video- und Computerspiele? Eine Studie über Video- und Computerspielnutzung und Aggression bei 12- und 16- jährigen Jugendlichen

OpenAIRE

Schiller, Eva-Maria; Strohmeier, Dagmar; Spiel, Christiane

2009-01-01

Video -und Computerspielen ist heutzutage eine beliebte Freizeitaktivität von Kindern und Jugendlichen, besonders von Jungen. Trotz der großen Vielfalt der angebotenen Video- und Computerspiele für Kinder und Jugendliche, konzentriert sich die Forschung vorwiegend auf negative Einflüsse von gewalthaltigen Video- und Computerspielen. Da nicht alle Kinder und Jugendliche ausschließlich gewalthaltige Video- und Computerspiele spielen, betrachten wir diesen Fokus in der Wissenschaft als zu eng ge...

Rosa micrantha as a powerfull source of antioxidants

OpenAIRE

Guimarães, Rafaela; Barros, Lillian; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.

2010-01-01

Reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species production inevitably occurs during normal cell metabolism both in animals and plants. An excess of those species lead to oxidative and nitrosative stresses, resulting in damage for some cellular molecules such as DNA, proteins and lipids. Natural antioxidants have become a safety option to avoid biological oxidations involved in cellular damage and deterioration of food quality. Rosa micrantha is one of the rose species that gro...

Die XXL—Suchmaschine zur ontologiebasierten Ähnlichkeitssuche in XML—Dokumenten

OpenAIRE

Theobald, Anja

2004-01-01

Die effektive und effiziente Informationssuche in großen Mengen semistrukturierter Daten im XML-Format stehen im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit. In dieser Arbeit wird die XXL-Suchmaschine vorgestellt. Sie wertet Anfragen aus, die in der XML-Anfragesprache XXL formuliert sind. Eine XXL-Anfrage umfasst dabei Suchbedingungen an die Struktur und an den Inhalt von XML-Dokumenten. Als Ergebnis wird eine nach ihrer Relevanz absteigend sortierte Liste von Treffern produziert, wobei ein Treffer ein relevan...

Psychotherapie und Spiritualität : eine qualitative Studie über die Integration spiritueller Konzepte und Methoden in die psychotherapeutische Arbeitsweise

OpenAIRE

Hundt, Ulrike

2003-01-01

Anhand biographischer Interviews werden die Motive von sechs Psychotherapeuten untersucht, sich einem spirituell orientierten Weg zuzuwenden und spirituelle Werte und Methoden in ihr westliches Therapiekonzept zu integrieren. Auffälligstes Ergebnis ist die Argumentation der Notwendigkeit von Spiritualität bzw. Religiosität für den therapeutischen Prozess, verbunden mit einer großen Offenheit für das Weltbild des Klienten. Die befragten Therapeuten lehnten es ab, eine spirituelle Perspektive v...

Entwicklung von Antikörper-Mikroarray : von Biophysik der Mikrospot-Reaktion bis zur Hochdurchsatzanalyse der Proteine

OpenAIRE

Kusnezow, Wlad

2007-01-01

Obwohl Protein-Mikroarrays ursprünglich aus dem gut entwickelten und fest etablierten DNA-Pendant entstanden sind, repräsentierte jedoch die Umstellung der Mikroarray-Technik von der DNA- auf die Proteinanalyse aufgrund der enormen physikalisch-chemischen Variabilität der Proteine, deren relativ niedrigen Stabilität und der komplexen Mikrospot-Kinetik eine große technologische Herausforderung. Deshalb setzt das Vorhaben, die Technik der Antikörper–Mikroarrays von ihrem konzeptuellen Zustand a...

Ein MapReduce-basiertes Programmiermodell für selbstwartbare Aggregatsichten

OpenAIRE

Schildgen, Johannes

2014-01-01

Hadoop ist ein beliebtes Framework für verteilte Berechnungen über große Datenmengen (Big Data) mittels MapReduce. Hadoop zu verwenden ist einfach: Der Entwickler definiert die Eingabedatenquelle und implementiert die beiden Methoden Map und Reduce. Über die verteilte Berechnung und Fehlerbehandlung muss er sich dabei keine Gedanken machen, das erledigt das Hadoop-Framework. Allerdings kann die Analyse von Big Data sehr lange dauern und da sich die Eingabedaten jede Sekunde...

The theory of sustainable Tourism Development

OpenAIRE

Alberta Tahiri; Idriz Kovaci

2017-01-01

Tourism is a phenomenon that has seen a rapid multi fold increase and growth since the middle of the twentieth century. For host communities and countries, the development of tourism has offered numerous advantages, as well as some significant challenges and difficulties. In recent decades, the awareness has been strengthened that tourism needs to be developed following the sustainable development concept. This approach eliminates or significantly decreases the negative impacts of tourism gro...

Zwei Anmerkungen zu WACC

OpenAIRE

Löffler, Andreas

2017-01-01

Der WACC–Ansatz zählt zu den beliebtesten Verfahren der Unternehmensbewertung. In dieser Note wird gezeigt, dass dieser Ansatz auch dann verwendet werden kann, wenn die von Miles und Ezzell getroffene Annahme einer konstanten Kapitalstruktur fallen gelassen und die WACC-Bewertungsgleichung entsprechend angepasst wird. Des Weiteren wird gezeigt, wie der WACC-Ansatz in ein zeitstetiges Modell übertragen werden kann. Die sich ergebende Bewertungsgleichung zeigt große Ähnlichkeiten mit den Er...

9 -10 klasių merginų fizinio savivaizdžio formavimo(-si) veiksniai

OpenAIRE

Butkienė, Roma

2006-01-01

Summary PHYSICAL SELF – IMAGE FORMATION FACTORS OF 9 – 10 FORMERS Intense social, economic, political and transformational processes, ongoing in the Western Europe, induce changes in the general culture, influencing changes in the body culture as a subject. Physical activity becomes a healthy way of life, new lifestyle, when self-image is shaped through body. In the work I describe the psychological, biological and social factors, influencing girls’ body self-image shaping. The gro...

Nanomaterials for future generation Lithium-Sulphur batteries: Final report : collaborative project : subproject: Nanostructured carbons for carbon-sulfur nanocomposites : time of the project: From 01 May 2012 to 30 June 2015, reporting period: From 01 May 2012 to 30 June 2015

OpenAIRE

Kaskel, Stefan; Dörfler, Susanne; Oschatz, Martin; Nickel, Winfried; Hippauf, Felix

2015-01-01

Elektromobilität verspricht ein großes Potential, aber weitere Innovationen sind nötig, um die Nachteile der Elektrofahrzeuge gegenüber Verbrennungsmotor betriebenen Fahrzeugen auszugleichen. Limitierend wirken sich vor allem die Kosten und die Energiedichte der Batterie aus. Letztere begrenzt im Wesentlichen die rein elektrische Reichweite der Elektrofahrzeuge. Lithium-Ionen-Batterien nach Stand der Technik erreichen ca. 200 Wh kg-1. Neue Batterien mit signifikant höherer Energiedichte wären...

Einleitung: Libertärer Paternalismus. Entscheidungsarchitekturen in Theorie und Praxis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Drerup Johannes

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Das von Cass Sunstein und Richard Thaler konzipierte und anwendungsorientiert ausgearbeitete Programm eines ‚Libertären Paternalismus‘ hat seit einigen Jahren als neopaternalistisches Paradigma in Wissenschaft und Politik einen großen Einfluss gewonnen. Die in diesem Themenschwerpunkt versammelten Beiträge können und sollen Hinweise für eine konstruktive Weiterführung der Debatten über Fragen und Probleme liefern, die durch diesen Ansatz aufgeworfen werden.

Svobodný novinář Franta Kocourek

OpenAIRE

Jiřička, Jan

2011-01-01

This diploma thesis "Freelance journalist Franta Kocourek" deals with the life and career of Franta Kocourek, the important Czechoslovak journalist in the 20. century. Diploma focuses especially on his working in the press media - prestigious periodicals of the First Czechoslovak Republic weekly magazine Přítomnost and daily newspaper Lidové noviny, not too much successful weekly magazine Groš, leaded by himself, and daily newspaper Slovenský hlas. Kocourek especially had concentrated on repo...

Unconfined Groundwater Dispersion Model On Sand Layers In Coral Island

OpenAIRE

Sultan

2016-01-01

The research objective is to analyze the sand layer to determine the characteristics of the unconfined groundwater aquifer on coral island and found the dispersion model of unconfined groundwater in the sand layer in the coral island. The method used is direct research in the field, laboratory analysis and secondary data. Observations geological conditions, as well as the measurement and interpretation of geoelectrical potential groundwater models based on the value of the conductivity of gro...

Invader Relative Impact Potential: a new metric to understand and predict the ecological impacts of existing, emerging and future invasive alien species

OpenAIRE

Dick, JTA; Laverty, C; Lennon, JJ; Barrios-O'Neill, D; Mensink, PJ; Britton, JR; Medoc, V; Boets, P; Alexander, ME; Taylor, NG; Dunn, AM; Hatcher, MJ; Rosewarne, PJ; Crookes, S; MacIsaac, HJ

2017-01-01

1. Predictions of the identities and ecological impacts of invasive alien species are critical for risk assessment, but presently we lack universal and standardized metrics that reliably predict the likelihood and degree of impact of such invaders (i.e. measurable changes in populations of affected species). This need is especially pressing for emerging and potential future invaders that have no invasion history. Such a metric would also ideally apply across diverse taxonomic and trophic gro...

Substructure formation in iron-nickel monocrystals at cellular growth

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Agapova, E.V.; Tagirova, D.M.

1984-01-01

Substructural perfection of Fe-31 wt.% Ni alloy crystals prepared by the Bridgeman method is investigated. Characteristics of banded and cellular structures at different morphology of crystallization front corresponding to the rates of growth (7.0-24.7)x10 -4 cm/s are determined. Position of disorientation axis of banded fragments is shown to depend on orientation of a groWing crystal and its strong fragmentation results in formation of finer cellular structure

Enterprise Portals und Enterprise Application Integration - Begriffsbestimmung und Integrationskonzeptionen

OpenAIRE

Schelp, Joachim; Winter, Robert

2002-01-01

Unter den Stichworten »Enterprise Portals« und »Enterprise Application Integration« werden neue Herausforderungen an die Applikationsarchitektur der Unternehmungen gestellt. Bei beiden spielt die Integration vorhandener und das Einfügen neuer Applikationen eine große Rolle. Beiden Themen ist gemein, dass sie die Diskussion bestimmter technischer Konzepte aus den vergangenen Jahren fortsetzen: Portale stellen das moderne Frontend dar, über das die verschiedenen E-Business-Konzepte umgesetzt we...

How does crowdfunding work? Understanding the process through its activity

OpenAIRE

Stiver, Alexandra

2016-01-01

Crowdfunding is a process featuring incremental financial donations from a ‘crowd’ of backers to help fund a project initiated by a creator. In recent years, crowdfunding has generated significant revenue as well as great interest from industry, government, and creative entrepreneurs. However, rate of successful funding for crowdfunding projects remains around 35% for global crowdfunding leader Kickstarter1, and lower yet for other platforms.\\ud \\ud The identified gap between crowdfunding gro...

Entwicklung einer schnell schaltenden Bremse und Kupplung für Linearbewegungen zum Überlastschutz in Werkzeugmaschinen

OpenAIRE

Dennig, Hans-Jörg

2009-01-01

Große Kollisionskräfte aufgrund eines Bedien- oder Programmierfehlers sind ein zentrales Problem bei der modernen Produktion mit hocheffizienten Werkzeugmaschinen. Dadurch entstehen teure Reparaturen vor allem an der Hauptspindel und den Spindelmutter-Antrieben, was zu langen Ausfallzeiten an der betroffenen Maschine führt. Eine Umfrage bei insgesamt 23 Anwendern und Herstellern von Werkzeugmaschinen ergab, dass die Service- und Ersatzteilkosten durch eine heftige Kollision bis zu 23.000 € be...

Zur Konstruktion von ''Männlichkeit'' bei ''Ultras'' : eine empirische Untersuchung zur Fanszene in Bremen

OpenAIRE

Guth, Oliver

2014-01-01

''Männliche'' Herrschaftsstrukturen sind innerhalb der gesamten Gesellschaft stark verbreitet. Dies spiegelt sich dementsprechend auch in Fußballfanszenen wider. Diese Arbeit untersucht daher die Konstruktion von Männlichkeit bei ''Ultras'', da diese mit ihrer starken Präsens und ihren aufwendigen Choreographien in Stadien großen Einfluss vor allem auf Jugendliche haben. Ziel der Untersuchung ist es, Mechanismen innerhalb der Fanszene aufzuzeigen um somit pädagogisch zu intervenieren, damit g...

Neue Komponenten für das generative Fertigungsverfahren des 3D-Drucks

OpenAIRE

Presser, Jonas

2012-01-01

Kunststoffprodukte haben sich seit den fünfziger Jahren wegen ihrer Zähigkeit und ihres geringen Gewichts, aber auch wegen ihrer Verarbeitbarkeit durch das Schmel-ze¬verfahren des Spritzgusses durchgesetzt. Die Formenvielfalt und Akkuratesse, die der Spritzguss in schneller und preiswerter Produktion erlaubt, ist unerreicht. Aller¬dings muss dem Spritzguss immer der Bau eines Formwerkzeuges vorgeschaltet werden. Dessen Kosten amortisieren sich in der Großserienproduktion, nicht aber bei Klein...

Zeeman-Doppler Imaging of active late-type stars

OpenAIRE

Kopf, Markus

2009-01-01

Stellare Magnetfelder spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung und Entwicklung von Sternen. Leider entziehen sie sich aber, aufgrund ihrer großen Entfernung zur Erde, einer direkten Beobachtung. Dies gilt zumindest für derzeitige und in naher Zukunft zur Verfügung stehende Instrumente. Um aber beispielsweise zu verstehen, ob Magnetfelder durch einen Dynamoprozess generiert werden oder Überbleibsel der Sternentstehung sind, ist es zwingend erforderlich, die Oberflächenstruktur und die ze...

Geometrische und stochastische Modelle zur Verarbeitung von 3D-Kameradaten am Beispiel menschlicher Bewegungsanalysen

OpenAIRE

Westfeld, Patrick

2012-01-01

Die dreidimensionale Erfassung der Form und Lage eines beliebigen Objekts durch die flexiblen Methoden und Verfahren der Photogrammetrie spielt für ein breites Spektrum technisch-industrieller und naturwissenschaftlicher Einsatzgebiete eine große Rolle. Die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten reichen von Messaufgaben im Automobil-, Maschinen- und Schiffbau über die Erstellung komplexer 3D-Modelle in Architektur, Archäologie und Denkmalpflege bis hin zu Bewegungsanalysen in Bereichen der Strömungsmesstech...

Molekularbiologische Analyse der genetischen Diversität des \\(\\textit {Melitaea athalia}\\) / \\(\\it celadussa\\)-Komplexes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) unter Anwendung der ISSR-PCR auf Art-, Unterart- und Populationsebene

OpenAIRE

Achtelik, Gerdo

2007-01-01

Mit Hilfe der ISSR-PCR wurde erstmalig eine großräumige Populationsanalyse bei einer Tagfalterart am Beispiel von \\(\\it {Melitaea athalia}\\) vorgenommen. Es konnten fünf verwandte Arten der Nymphalidae - \\(\\it {Melitaea diamina}\\), \\(\\textit {M. cinxia}\\) und \\(\\textit {M. aurelia}\\) sowie \\(\\it {Boloria euphrosyne}\\) und \\(\\textit {Issoria lathonia}\\) - untereinander sowie gegenüber \\(\\textit {M. athalia}\\) differenziert werden. 90 Primer wurden geprüft, 8 Primer amplifizierten allein für \\(...

Geschäftsmodelle in der digitalen Wirtschaft. Vollstudie

OpenAIRE

Müller, Simon C.; Böhm, Markus; Schröer, Marina; Bahkirev, Alexander; Baiasu, Bogdan-Cristian; Krcmar, Helmut; Welpe, Isabell M.

2016-01-01

Selten zuvor haben neuartige Konzepte und Technologien überall auf der Welt so schnell und weitreichend gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Anwendung gefunden wie digitale Geschäftsmodelle und Smartphones in den letzten zehn Jahren. Meilensteine der Entwicklung waren der Beginn der Digitalisierung ganzer Bibliotheken beginnend mit dem Jahr 2005 und die Markteinführung des iPhones im Jahr 2007. Die digitale Transformation stellt Politik und Wirtschaft vor große Herausforderungen. Für eine fu...

Continental drift and climate change drive instability in insect assemblages

OpenAIRE

Li, Fengqing; Tierno de Figueroa, Jos? Manuel; Lek, Sovan; Park, Young-Seuk

2015-01-01

Global change has already had observable effects on ecosystems worldwide, and the accelerated rate of global change is predicted in the future. However, the impacts of global change on the stability of biodiversity have not been systematically studied in terms of both large spatial (continental drift) and temporal (from the last inter-glacial period to the next century) scales. Therefore, we analyzed the current geographical distribution pattern of Plecoptera, a thermally sensitive insect gro...

Exploring Discrimination and Mental Health Disparities Faced By Black Sexual Minority Women Using a Minority Stress Framework

OpenAIRE

Calabrese, Sarah K.; Meyer, Ilan H.; Overstreet, Nicole M.; Haile, Rahwa; Hansen, Nathan B.

2014-01-01

Black sexual minority women are triply marginalized due to their race, gender, and sexual orientation. We compared three dimensions of discrimination—frequency (regularity of occurrences), scope (number of types of discriminatory acts experienced), and number of bases (number of social statuses to which discrimination was attributed)—and self-reported mental health (depressive symptoms, psychological well-being, and social well-being) between 64 Black sexual minority women and each of two gro...

"Drugwatch": Forschung mit Schlüsselprofessionellen und illegalen Drogenusern zur Identifikation von Drogentrends

OpenAIRE

Mason, Mark; Baker, Oswin; Hardy, Rebecca

2007-01-01

Die revidierte "United Kingdom Anti-Drugs Strategy" hat Lücken im Wissen über Drogen verdeutlicht: Insbesondere die Dynamiken, die mit der Entstehung regionalen Drogentrends einhergehen, erwiesen sich trotz mehrjährigem Bemühen als schwer fassbar, und einige hierzu in Großbritannien durchgeführte Studien waren mit erheblichen Problemen behaftet. Deshalb wurde vom "Drugs Analysis and Research Programme" und von "Market and Opinion Research International" (MORI) ein nationales Entwicklungsproje...

Increased activity of a new chlorofluoroquinolone, BAY y 3118, compared with activities of ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and other antimicrobial agents against anaerobic bacteria.

OpenAIRE

Aldridge, K E

1994-01-01

A total of 435 clinical isolates of anaerobes were tested with a broth microdilution method to determine the activity of BAY y 3118 compared with those of other agents against anaerobic bacteria. All strains of Bacteroides capillosus, Prevotella spp., Porphyromonas spp., Fusobacterium spp., Clostridium spp., Eubacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., and Veillonella parvula were susceptible (MICs of < or = 2 micrograms/ml) to BAY y 3118. Against the 315 strains of the Bacteroides fragilis gro...

Beitrag zur Beziehung von Video-Filmkonsum und Kriminalität in der Adoleszenz

OpenAIRE

Klosinski, G.

1987-01-01

Anhand von 3 Kasuistiken jugendlicher und heranwachsender Straftäter, die im Rahmen einer forensischen Begutachtung jugendpsychiatrisch untersucht wurden, wird aufgezeigt, wie im Einzelfall die Art und Weise der Ausführung des betreffenden Deliktes, die Tatmotivation und die nachträgliche "Rechtfertigung" mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit in einem direkten Zusammenhang mit vorher gesehenen Horror- und Porno-Videos standen. Eine jeweils auffällige Persönlichkeitsproblematik erfuhr durch ein "Vor-B...

Marktkonstitution und Regulierung der unabhängigen Film- und Fernsehproduktion : Staat, Verbände und Gewerkschaften im deutsch-britischen Vergleich

OpenAIRE

Elbing, Sabine; Voelzkow, Helmut

2006-01-01

"In einem internationalen Vergleich von Deutschland und Großbritannien wird untersucht, welche Beiträge die staatliche Politik und die Wirtschafts- und Sozialpartner (Wirtschafts- und Arbeitgeberverbände sowie Gewerkschaften) zur Förderung der unabhängigen Film- und Fernsehproduktion leisten. Es wird gezeigt, dass die britische Medienpolitik die Position der unabhängigen Film- und Fernsehproduktion gegenüber den Fernsehsendern gestärkt hat. In Deutschland hat die Medienpolitik darauf verzicht...

The appearance and significance of Rastafari cultural aspects in South Africa.

OpenAIRE

Chawane, Midas

2014-01-01

This article explores the presence and importance of Rastafari cultural features in South Africa. These cultural aspects include symbols and language that have become popular in South Africa from 1997 when the movement was formalised.1 The symbols include religious signifiers employed in Rastafarianism such as the colours of Marcus Garvey, which are displayed in the attires worn by both Rastafarians and non-Rastafarians. While practices of symbolic investment include the gro...

Black Hole Paradox Solved By NASA's Chandra

Science.gov (United States)

2006-06-01

Black holes are lighting up the Universe, and now astronomers may finally know how. New data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory show for the first time that powerful magnetic fields are the key to these brilliant and startling light shows. It is estimated that up to a quarter of the total radiation in the Universe emitted since the Big Bang comes from material falling towards supermassive black holes, including those powering quasars, the brightest known objects. For decades, scientists have struggled to understand how black holes, the darkest objects in the Universe, can be responsible for such prodigious amounts of radiation. Animation of a Black Hole Pulling Matter from Companion Star Animation of a Black Hole Pulling Matter from Companion Star New X-ray data from Chandra give the first clear explanation for what drives this process: magnetic fields. Chandra observed a black hole system in our galaxy, known as GRO J1655-40 (J1655, for short), where a black hole was pulling material from a companion star into a disk. "By intergalactic standards J1655 is in our backyard, so we can use it as a scale model to understand how all black holes work, including the monsters found in quasars," said Jon M. Miller of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, whose paper on these results appears in this week's issue of Nature. Gravity alone is not enough to cause gas in a disk around a black hole to lose energy and fall onto the black hole at the rates required by observations. The gas must lose some of its orbital angular momentum, either through friction or a wind, before it can spiral inward. Without such effects, matter could remain in orbit around a black hole for a very long time. Illustration of Magnetic Fields in GRO J1655-40 Illustration of Magnetic Fields in GRO J1655-40 Scientists have long thought that magnetic turbulence could generate friction in a gaseous disk and drive a wind from the disk that carries angular momentum outward allowing the gas to fall inward

A Novel Large-scale Mentoring Program for Medical Students based on a Quantitative and Qualitative Needs Analysis [Aufbau eines innovativen Mentorenprogramms für eine große Zahl Medizinstudierender nach quantitativer und qualitativer Bedarfsanalyse

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

von der Borch, Philip

2011-05-01

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU und beschreiben die Einführung eines innovativen, umfassenden Mentorenprogramms.Methoden: Die Bedarfsanalyse wurde durch eine an alle Medizinstudierenden der Medizinischen Fakultät gerichtete Online-Umfrage durchgeführt (n=578 von 4.109 Studenten, Rücklauf 14,1%. Außerdem führten wir Fokusgruppen mit Medizinstudenten (n=24 und ärztlichem Personal (n=22 durch. Schließlich wurden alle Studierenden, die sich für das individuelle Mentorenprogramm interessierten, zu ihren Erwartungen befragt (n=534.Ergebnisse: 83% der Medizinstudierenden äußerten Zufriedenheit mit dem aktuellen Münchener Curriculum. Im Gegensatz dazu fühlten sich nur 36.5% der Studierenden unserer großen Fakultät ausreichend im Studium betreut, und 86% der Studierenden äußerten den Wunsch nach mehr Betreuung. Die Rolle ihres Mentors wünschten sich 55.6% "sehr" als Berater, Kontaktvermittler (36.4% und Ideenlieferant (28.1%. Die Themen, die angehende Mentees im Vorfeld "sehr" mit ihren Mentoren besprechen wollten, waren die Doktorarbeit (56.6%, das Praktische Jahr (55.8% und Auslandsaufenthalte (45.5%.Schlussfolgerungen: Wir haben anhand der Erkenntnisse unserer Bedarfsanalyse ein innovatives, zweigleisiges Konzept entworfen, das aus einem beliebig skalierbaren individuellen Mentorenprogramm für Studierende in klinischen Semestern und einem Peer Mentoring-Programm für sämtliche Medizinstudierende unserer Fakultät besteht. Ein Jahr nach der Initiierung des Programms haben über 300 Studierende im klinischen Studienabschnitt einen individuellen Mentor aus der Fakultät ausgewählt und 1.503 Studierende und Ärzte nahmen am Peer Mentoring teil.

Classification of a moderately oxygen-tolerant isolate from baby faeces as Bifidobacterium thermophilum

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fliss Ismaïl

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Bifidobacteria are found at varying prevalence in human microbiota and seem to play an important role in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT. Bifidobacteria are highly adapted to the human GIT which is reflected in the genome sequence of a Bifidobacterim longum isolate. The competitiveness against other bacteria is not fully understood yet but may be related to the production of antimicrobial compounds such as bacteriocins. In a previous study, 34 Bifidobacterium isolates have been isolated from baby faeces among which six showed proteinaceous antilisterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes. In this study, one of these isolates, RBL67, was further identified and characterized. Results Bifidobacterium isolate RBL67 was classified and characterized using a polyphasic approach. RBL67 was classified as Bifidobacterium thermophilum based on phenotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization characteristics, although 16S rDNA analyses and partial groEL sequences showed higher homology with B. thermacidophilum subsp. porcinum and B. thermacidophilum subsp. thermacidophilum, respectively. RBL67 was moderately oxygen-tolerant and was able to grow at pH 4 and at a temperature of 47°C. Conclusion In order to assign RBL67 to a species, a polyphasic approach was used. This resulted in the classification of RBL67 as a Bifidobacterium thermophilum strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report about B. thermophilum isolated from baby faeces since the B. thermophilum strains were related to ruminants and swine faeces before. B. thermophilum was previously only isolated from animal sources and was therefore suggested to be used as differential species between animal and human contamination. Our findings may disapprove this suggestion and further studies are now conducted to determine whether B. thermophilum is distributed broader in human faeces. Furthermore, the postulated differentiation between human and animal strains by growth above 45�

Limb swinging in elephants and giraffes and implications for the reconstruction of limb movements and speed estimates in large dinosaurs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Christian

1999-01-01

für schnelles Gehen nahe, der von großen Dinosauriern zur Erhöhung der Höchstgeschwindigkeiten eingesetzt worden sein könnte. Die Ergebnisse werfen neues Licht auf die Dynamik großer Wirbeltiere. Sie können zu Verbesserungen in den Schätzungen der Fortbewegungsgeschwindigkeiten großer Dinosaurier eingesetzt werden. doi:10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020105

Design, Aufbau, Test und Integration der Empfänger-Optik des Stratospheric Terahertz Observatory

OpenAIRE

Brasse, Michael

2014-01-01

Als Interstellares Medium (ISM) werden die Gas- und Staubwolken bezeichnet, die sich innerhalb einer Galaxie zwischen den Sternen befinden. Im ISM findet die Sternentstehung und -entwicklung in einer Galaxie statt. Es trägt damit zur Evolution einer Galaxie bei. Das “Stratospheric Terahertz Observatory“ (STO) ist ein ballongestütztes Observatorium gewesen, dessen Aufgabe in der großflächigen Kartierung von ionisiertem Kohlenstoff, C+, und ionisiertem Stickstoff, N+, im ISM der Milchstraße ...

AB089. Impaired adenosine signaling influences erectile function in aging rats

OpenAIRE

Yang, Xingliang; Yuan, Jiuhong

2017-01-01

Background As one of the most common disorders in old adult, erectile dysfunction (ED) remains attracting andrological physicians? attention. The aim of this study is to investigate the alterations of adenosine signaling in the penis of aging rats, and the influence to erectile function. Methods According to apomorphine test, the aging rats (18 months) with ED were selected as age-related erectile dysfunction (A-ED) group, and the young rats (2 months) were selected as normal control (NC) gro...

Mediale Zukunft : die Erreichbarkeit des (Anti-)Utopischen

OpenAIRE

Orth, Dominik

2009-01-01

Während die Erforschung der politischen und literarischen Utopien und Anti-Utopien im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs nach wie vor eine große Rolle spielt, wurde die Analyse von utopischen und anti-utopischen Aspekten im Medium Film bislang vernachlässigt. Eine mögliche Ursache könnte sein, dass die Existenz von genuinen filmischen (Anti-)Utopien bezweifelt werden kann. Seit der Verlagerung der literarischen (Anti-)Utopien vom Raum in die Zeit ist die Darstellung von Gesellschaftsmodellen zumeist ...

5G. Trendthema 41

OpenAIRE

Tiemann, Jens

2016-01-01

Technikexperten und Politiker sprechen unter dem Schlagwort 5G von einer kommenden Mobilfunkgeneration, die die Digitalisierung der Gesellschaft auf eine neue Stufe heben wird. So soll 5G etwa Industrie-Roboter miteinander vernetzen und mobilen Anwendungen der erweiterten Realität zum Durchbruch verhelfen. Für solche Anwendungen braucht es hohe Bandbreiten, eine Übertragung in Echtzeit und die Vernetzung einer großen Anzahl an smarten Dingen - alles natürlich drahtlos und sicher. All dies sol...

Webpräsenz und Katalog unter einem Dach - Relaunch des Internetauftritts der SuUB Bremen

OpenAIRE

Blenkle, Martin

2014-01-01

Der Erfolg der großen kommerziellen Internetanbieter zeigt, dass die Akzeptanz von Webdienstleistungen nicht nur von der Qualität sondern auch von der Präsentation der eigenen Dienste abhängt. Die Berücksichtigung von Erkenntnissen aus Usability Studien - klare einfache Strukturen und die Beschränkung auf das Wesentliche - machen Webangebote für Nutzer attraktiver. Die Online-Präsentation der komplexen Angebote wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken ist allerdings bislang eher von bibliothekarischer...

Hypertextsorten : Definition, Struktur, Klassifikation

OpenAIRE

Rehm, Georg

2005-01-01

Suchmaschinen im WWW indexieren und durchsuchen Dokumente in großer Geschwindigkeit. Trotz der quantitativ beeindruckenden Ergebnisse lässt die Qualität der Treffer jedoch oft zu wünschen übrig. Die vorliegende Arbeit zielt darauf ab, die theoretischen und praktischen Grundlagen für strukturelle Verbesserungen der Funktionsweise von Suchmaschinen zu liefern. Der Schlüssel hierfür liegt in der maschinellen Identifikation von Hypertextsorten. Dieser Begriff bezeichnet den generellen Typ e...

Vermögensmaximierung durch Stiftungen als Unternehmensträger? Eine Analyse der Steuerwirkungen

OpenAIRE

Franke, Günter; Herrmann, Markus

1993-01-01

Einige große deutsche Unternehmen werden von privaten gemeinnützigen Stiftungen getragen. Dies wirft die Frage auf, weshalb eine solche Lösung der üblichen Vorgehensweise, bei der natürliche Personen Gesellschafter eines Unternehmens sind, vorgezogen wird. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, ob und unter welchen Voraussetzungen der Hauptgesellschafter einer Kapitalgesellschaft das Vermögen seiner Erben erhöhen kann, indem er seine Gesellschaftsanteile einer gemeinnütziger Stiftung überträgt un...

Towards durabale resistance to apple scab using cisgenes

OpenAIRE

Joshi, S.G.

2010-01-01

Apple (Malus x domestica) is one of the important fruit crops of the world. It is mainly cultivated in temperate regions. Apple fruit contains many health beneficial compounds which may play an important role in reducing cancer cell proliferation and lowering the level of cholesterol. Apple production can suffer from several pests and diseases and among them scab is very important. Apple scab is a fungal disease caused by Venturia inaequalis. The pathogen is a facultative saprophyte that gro...

NEN UND ANGLIZISMEN IN DER WERBESPRACHE / REMARKS ON THE FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE AND THE ANGLICISMS IN ADVERTISING / REMARCI ASUPRA FUNCŢIILOR LIMBAJULUI ŞI ANGLICISMELOR DIN MESAJUL PUBLICITAR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvia Boncescu

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Folgender Bericht stellt die Beeinflussung der Anglizismen auf die Sprachfunktionen in der Werbung dar. Dazu werden die Anglizismen hinsichtlich ihrer Rolle in der Werbesprache herausgestellt. Die Studie zeigt eine häufige Verwendung von fachsprachlichen und gemeinsprachlichen Anglizismen in dem Nachrichtenmagazin Der Spiegel. Die große Bedeutung der Anglizismen für die kontaktherstellende Funktion der Schlagzeilen in der Werbung ergibt sich aus unseren Beispielen und zeigt das hohe Potenzial, Aufmerksamkeit zu erregen.

Generation Y : salutogenes unternehmerisches Engagement und Work-Life-Balance Maßnahmen als Auslöser affektiven Mitarbeiter-Commitments

OpenAIRE

Fischer, Jennifer

2013-01-01

In einem Artikel der Zeitschrift Die Zeit wird die Generation Y, die Generation deren Angehörige derzeit zum Großteil ihre akademische Ausbildung beenden und sich dem Arbeitsmarkt zuwenden, auch als Generation Pippi, angelehnt an Astrid Lindgrens Kinderbuchheldin Pippi Langstrumpf, bezeichnet (Bund et al., 2013: 1). Individualität, eine ausgeprägte Abneigung gegenüber Autoritätspersonen, der Wunsch nach Spaß und Abwechslung sowie das Bestreben, sich selbst zu verwirklichen, charakterisieren P...

Presentation of valid correlations in some morphological

OpenAIRE

Florian Miftari; Hazir Salihu; Musa Selimi

2018-01-01

Study-research deals with younger students of both sexes aged 13-14, who, besides attending classes of physical education and sports, also practice in basketball schools in the city of Pristina. The experiment contains a total of 7 morphological variables, while four tests of basic motion skills and seven variables are from specific motion skills. In this study, the verification and analysis of the correlation of morphological characteristics and basic and situational motor skills in both gro...

Umsetzung der Unternehmensstrategie mit der Balanced Scorecard

Science.gov (United States)

Crespo, Isabel; Bergmann, Lars; Portmann, Stefan; Lacker, Thomas; Lacker, Michael; Fleischmann, Jürgen; Kozó, Hans

Die Balanced Scorecard (BSC) ist ein Ansatz zum strategischen Management, der neben der Ausrichtung des Unternehmens auf finanzielle Zielwerte ebenso großes Gewicht auf so genannte weiche Faktoren legt, die den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg eines Unternehmens erst ermöglichen. Das entscheidende Merkmal der Balanced Scorecard ist dabei, dass sie ein ausgewogenes System strategischer Ziele herstellt, welches das Unternehmen hinsichtlich der vier Perspektiven Finanzen, Kunden, interne Prozesse und Mitarbeiter und Potenziale strategisch ausrichtet (Kaplan u. Norton 1997).

Beschreibung des Korngrößenwachstums bei der Wirbelschicht-Sprühgranulation mittels statistischer Modelle

OpenAIRE

Schinzinger, Oliver

2004-01-01

Ein wichtiger Schritt bei der Herstellung von Tabletten ist die Aufarbeitung eines meist sehr feinen, schlecht fließfähigen Pulvers zu einem besser fließenden Granulat. Da die Granulation aus den drei Teilprozessen Mischen, Granulieren und Trocknen besteht, werden heutzutage Granulationen in der Wirbelschicht durchgeführt. Eine Wirbelschichtapparatur vereint die drei Teilprozesse in einem Gerät. Die Wirbelschichtgranulation wird durch eine große Anzahl an Parametern beeinflusst, die in Prozes...

Medienbildung in der Kita. Kinder stark machen für eine kompetente Mediennutzung

OpenAIRE

Knauf, Helen

2012-01-01

Es gibt verschiedene Gründe für distanzierte Haltungen gegenüber Medienarbeit in den Kitas. Manche sind berechtigt und nachvollziehbar. Dennoch: Medienarbeit mit Kindern unter sechs lohnt sich. Und sie lässt sich in die pädagogischen Konzepte von Kitas gut integrieren. Der folgende Beitrag ist der erste von insgesamt fünf, die nacheinander in der „klein&groß“ zu dem Thema „Medien in Kitas“ erscheinen werden. (DIPF/Autor)

FISCAL POLICY'S INFLUENCE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

OpenAIRE

MIHAIU Diana Marieta; OPREANA Alin

2012-01-01

In this paper we study the impact of the fiscal policy on the economic growth for European Union, for the period 2000-2009. This subject represents a very debated problem in the economic literature. Our findings shows that, from the analysis of correlation between economic growth rate and total rate of taxation, there is generally an inverse relationship, meaning that an increase in the tax rate adversely affects economic growth. Continuing the analysis of the correlation between economic gro...

Wässrige Nanosuspensionen zur pulmonalen Applikation

OpenAIRE

Scherließ, Holger

2008-01-01

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Entwicklung einer Nanosuspensionsformulierung zur inhalativen Anwendung mit dem schwerlöslichen Antimykotikum Itraconazol untersucht. Viele der neu entwickelten pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffe sind nach der Arzneibuchdefinition als schwerlöslich, sehr schwer löslich oder gar praktisch unlöslich einzuteilen. Das bedingt in der Praxis häufig Probleme in der Bioverfügbarkeit und stellt eine große Herausforderung für die Galenik dar. Die Herstellung der Nan...

Processus associatif chancelant au Cameroun : dégât collatéral des ajustements de politique cotonnière ?

OpenAIRE

Enam , Jean; Klassou , Célestin; Folefack , Denis ,; Kouebou , Christian; Fok , Michel

2008-01-01

Reproduction du texte dans une revue anglaise en fin 2008; Cotton, cultivated mainly for export, constitutes the main cash crop in the African savannah. In Cameroon, about 360000 farmers are involved in the production of 250000 tons of seedcotton since the year 2000. Its emergence has played an instrumental role both in the expansion of innovative growing techniques and in the development of the agricultural sector. The cotton production has developed along with the integration of farmers gro...

The biologic role of ganglioside in neuronal differentiation--effects of GM1 ganglioside on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

OpenAIRE

Lee, M. C.; Lee, W. S.; Park, C. S.; Juhng, S. W.

1994-01-01

Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell is a cloned cell line which has many attractive features for the study of neuronal proliferation and neurite outgrowth, because it has receptors for insulin, IGF-I and PDGF. Gangliosides are sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids which form an integral part of the plasma membrane of many mammalian cells. They inhibit cell growth mediated by tyrosine kinase receptors and ligand-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity, and autophosphorylation of EGF(epidermal gro...

Effects of exercise intensity on hypertension prevalence in Korean men with high sodium intake

OpenAIRE

Kim, Min Hee; Lee, Hae-Jeung

2015-01-01

[Purpose] The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of exercise intensity on hypertension prevalence in Korean men with high sodium intake. [Subjects and Methods] This study was based on the data collected from 2007 to 2013 in the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. A total of 8853 male adults were included in the analysis. The odds ratios for hypertension according to exercise groups were assessed by using logistic regression of each sodium intake gro...

Self-Reported Consumption of Fast-Food Meals by University Students

OpenAIRE

McLean-Meyinsse, Patricia E.; Taylor, Shervia S.; Gager, Janet V.

2015-01-01

Students’ consumption of fast-food meals depends on perceptions of health status, label use, knowledge about sugars, household income levels, age, and marital status. Consumption is independent of weight status, knowledge of total fat and sodium, gender, household size, academic classification, and areas of residence. Perceptions of weight status statistically significantly differ from body mass indices. U.S. overweight and obesity rates have been steadily increasing in the 18 to 29 age gro...

Use of On-Site GC/MS Analysis to Distinguish Between Vapor Intrusion and Indoor Sources of VOCs

Science.gov (United States)

2013-11-01

Petroleum Hydrocarbons (ETPH), MA-EPH, MA- VPH . Microbiology Parameters: Total Coliform – MF mEndo (SM9222B), Total Coliform – MTF (SM9221B), E. Coli...Parameters: PCBs, PCBs in Oil, Organochlorine Pesticides, Technical Chlordane, Toxaphene, CT-Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons (ETPH), MA-EPH, MA- VPH ...Organic Parameters: 608, 624, 625, 8081A, 8082, 8330, 8151A, 8260B, 8270C, 3510C, 3630C, 5030B, ME- DRO, ME-GRO, MA-EPH, MA- VPH .) Solid Waste/Soil

Ein Verfahren zur schnellen experimentellen Charakterisierung der Quietschneigung von Kfz-Scheibenbremsen

OpenAIRE

Gödecker, Holger

2015-01-01

Die Hauptaufgabe der bei dieser Arbeit im Vordergrund stehenden Kfz-Scheibenbremse ist das Verzögern des Fahrzeuges durch den auftretenden Reibeffekt. Dabei kann es zu ungewollten selbsterregten Schwingungen und damit zu störenden Geräuschentwicklungen kommen. Dieses bei der Entwicklung und Konstruktion von Bremsen vorherzusagen und zu vermeiden ist ein großes Thema in Industrie und Forschung. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Verfahren beschrieben, mit dem experimentell schnell, noch vor dem Auft...

Oxidative stress of crystalline lens in rat menopausal model

OpenAIRE

Acer, Semra; Pekel, Gökhan; Küçükatay, Vural; Karabulut, Aysun; Yağcı, Ramazan; Çetin, Ebru Nevin; Akyer, Şahika Pınar; Şahin, Barbaros

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate lenticular oxidative stress in rat menopausal models. Methods: Forty Wistar female albino rats were included in this study. A total of thirty rats underwent oophorectomy to generate a menopausal model. Ten rats that did not undergo oophorectomy formed the control group (Group 1). From the rats that underwent oophorectomy, 10 formed the menopause control group (Group 2), 10 were administered a daily injection of methylprednisolone until the end of the study (Gro...

Visuell-verbale Beziehungszusammenhänge im Comic. Eine Untersuchung anhand ausgewählter franko-belgischer Comics und der jeweiligen deutschen Übersetzungen.

OpenAIRE

Schröder, Katja

2013-01-01

Comics erfreuen sich bei allen Altersgruppen großer Beliebtheit und bereits in der Kindheit beginnen viele mit dem Lesen von Micky Maus-Magazinen oder Asterix-Bänden. Sie werden im Schulunterricht verwendet, es werden Tagungen, Messen und Festivals (Wichtige Veranstaltungen sind in dieser Hinsicht der Comic-Salon in Erlangen, das Comicfestival München, das Sym-posium zur Förderung und Vernetzung der Comicforschung Comics - Intermedial und Interdisziplinär und vor allem das Festival) zum Them...

Molekularbiologische Analyse der genetischen Diversität des Melitaea athalia / celadussa-Komplexes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) unter Anwendung der ISSR-PCR auf Art-, Unterart- und Populationsebene

OpenAIRE

Achtelik, Gerdo

2006-01-01

Mit Hilfe der ISSR-PCR wurde erstmalig eine großräumige Populationsanalyse bei einer Tagfalterart am Beispiel von Melitaea athalia vorgenommen. Es konnten fünf verwandte Arten der Nymphalidae - Melitaea diamina, M. cinxia und M. aurelia sowie Boloria euphrosyne und Issoria lathonia - untereinander sowie gegenüber M. athalia differenziert werden. 90 Primer wurden geprüft, 8 Primer amplifizierten allein für M. athalia 410 Marker. Bei allen Taxa wurde eine sehr hohe Polymorphismusrat...

Mechanistic Insights into Growth of Surface‐Mounted Metal‐Organic Framework Films Resolved by Infrared (Nano‐) Spectroscopy

OpenAIRE

Delen, Guusje; Ristanović, Zoran; Mandemaker, Laurens D. B.; Weckhuysen, Bert M.

2017-01-01

Abstract Control over assembly, orientation, and defect‐free growth of metal‐organic framework (MOF) films is crucial for their future applications. A layer‐by‐layer approach is considered a suitable method to synthesize highly oriented films of numerous MOF topologies, but the initial stages of the film growth remain poorly understood. Here we use a combination of infrared (IR) reflection absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM)‐IR imaging to investigate the assembly and gro...

Corporate Venture Capital im Bankensektor: Eine Fallstudie

OpenAIRE

Maxin, Hannes

2015-01-01

Die Digitalisierung der Gesellschaft beeinflusst zunehmend das klassische Bankgeschäft, was durch die Erfolge vieler junger FinTech-Unternehmen verdeutlicht wird. Der damit verbundene Innovationsdruck führte dazu, dass die Commerzbank AG im Oktober 2013 die Main Incubator GmbH gründete. Mithilfe dieser Corporate Venture Capital-Gesellschaft (CVC-Gesellschaft) versucht die Frankfurter Großbank, eine Kooperation mit den neuen Wettbewerbern einzugehen, um mögliche Synergiepotenziale für das eige...

Micropropagation and determination of the in vitro stability of Annona cherimola Mill. and Annona muricata L.

OpenAIRE

Bridg, Hannia

2000-01-01

A. cherimola und A. muricata sind als Halblaubbäume in den tropischen Hochländern Südamerikas und besonders auf den Karibischen Inseln endemisch. Beide besitzen ein großes Potential als Handelsfrüchte aufgrund ihrer wohlschmeckenden Früchte und ihrer Eigenschaften als Heilpflanzen. Die Forschung über diese Obstarten wurde in Kolumbien, Peru, Ekuador, Venezuela und in der Dominikanischen Republik vernachlässigt. Deshalb sollte die wissenschaftliche Bearbeitung, das Sammeln, die Konservieru...

Randzonenveränderung beim Bohren und ihre Auswirkung auf Folgebearbeitungsverfahren

OpenAIRE

Schmier, Marcus

2004-01-01

In der Praxis kommt es bei der spanenden Bearbeitung immer wieder zu großen Standwegunterschieden identischer Werkzeuge bei vordergründig identischen Bearbeitungsrandbedingungen. Insbesondere bei Fertigungsschritten, die das Bohren als Vorbearbeitung erfordern, kommt es gelegentlich zu atypischen Verschleißerscheinungen, die auf das Entstehen einer Neuhärtezone an der Werkstückoberfläche beim Bohren zurückgeführt werden. Grundsätzlich sind Randzonenveränderungen eine Folge der mechanischen un...

Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Strains Applicable to Natto (Fermented Soybean) Production ▿

OpenAIRE

Kubo, Yuji; Rooney, Alejandro P.; Tsukakoshi, Yoshiki; Nakagawa, Rikio; Hasegawa, Hiromasa; Kimura, Keitarou

2011-01-01

Spore-forming Bacillus strains that produce extracellular poly-γ-glutamic acid were screened for their application to natto (fermented soybean food) fermentation. Among the 424 strains, including Bacillus subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens, which we isolated from rice straw, 59 were capable of fermenting natto. Biotin auxotrophism was tightly linked to natto fermentation. A multilocus nucleotide sequence of six genes (rpoB, purH, gyrA, groEL, polC, and 16S rRNA) was used for phylogenetic analy...

Die Darstellung von guten und schlechten Beziehungen in Kinderzeichnungen

OpenAIRE

Gramel, Sabine

2005-01-01

Nach welchen Kriterien sich Bilder, auf denen Kinder eine positive Beziehung darstellen, von Bildern unterscheiden, auf denen negative Beziehungen dargestellt sind, wurde an einer Stichprobe von 45 Kindern zwischen 4;6 und 11;6 Jahren untersucht. Die Kinder fertigten jeweils ein positives und ein negatives Beziehungsbild an. Es zeigte sich, dass die Kinder in beiden Beziehungskategorien zum großen Teil Gleichaltrige darstellten. Sie benannten für ihre Bilder Kriterien, anhand derer man die po...

Bodensee-Oberschwaben. Eine erfolgreiche Region fernab der Großstädte

Science.gov (United States)

Danielzyk, Rainer; Köhler, Stefan; Friedsmann, Philipp

2017-09-01

Bodensee-Oberschwaben is representative of a type of region that does not receive much attention in regional research. The region is located peripherally, away from the metropolises and urban agglomeration areas. Despite seemingly poor initial conditions, the region is economically very successful. A polycentric structure of many small and medium-sized towns characterize Bodensee-Oberschwaben as well as other attributes, which do not allow for classification into traditional categories such as rural or urban. Friedrichshafen, the largest city and the industrial core of the region, contributes significantly to its prosperity. The international high technology companies, which are located here, have their origins in the activities of Graf Zeppelin in the early 20th century. Regional universities and the strong network between actors both within the region as well as between Bodensee-Oberschwaben and the neighboring regions have also had a positive impact on region's development.

Effects of an aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica on the groCulex ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The neem tree Azadirachta indica Juss (Meliaceae) is one of the most studied plant species for pest control, including mosquitoes. However, the effect of aqueous neem seed extracts (ANSE) on each of the 4 instars of mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) is unknown. In order to determine the effect of ...

La arquitectura de la Groβstadt : Berlín, 1900-1945

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mónica Vázquez Astorga

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo recoge las conclusiones más importantes obtenidas durante mi estancia de investigación realizada en Berlín en el verano de 2009, que tuvo por objeto el estudio y análisis de la actividad arquitectónica desarrollada en Berlín antes y después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y, en concreto, entre 1900 y 1945. Se valora también el contexto existente en esta ciudad tras las destrucciones ocasionadas por el segundo conflicto mundial, aludiendo a las diversas propuestas ideadas para su reconstrucción. Asimismo, se ha buscado establecer paralelismos con el panorama arquitectónico europeo.The following article includes the most important conclusions drawn from my research stay in Berlin during the summer of 2009. The main aim of my research was to study and analyse the architectural development carried out in Berlin between 1900 and 1945, before and after the II World War, taking also into account the prevailing context of the city due to the damages caused by this War, the numerous reconstruction projects put forward in that moment, together with an attempt to establish parallelisms with the European architectural prospect of that historical moment.

Does early change predict long-term (6 months) improvements in subjects who receive manual therapy for low back pain?

Science.gov (United States)

Cook, Chad; Petersen, Shannon; Donaldson, Megan; Wilhelm, Mark; Learman, Ken

2017-09-01

Early change is commonly assessed for manual therapy interventions and has been used to determine treatment appropriateness. However, current studies have only explored the relationship of between or within-session changes and short-/medium-term outcomes. The goal of this study was to determine whether pain changes after two weeks of pragmatic manual therapy could predict those participants with chronic low back pain who demonstrate continued improvements at 6-month follow-up. This study was a retrospective observational design. Univariate logistic regression analyses were performed using a 33% and a 50% pain change to predict improvement. Those who experienced a ≥33% pain reduction by 2 weeks had 6.98 (95% CI = 1.29, 37.53) times higher odds of 50% improvement on the GRoC and 4.74 (95% CI = 1.31, 17.17) times higher odds of 50% improvement on the ODI (at 6 months). Subjects who reported a ≥50% pain reduction at 2 weeks had 5.98 (95% CI = 1.56, 22.88) times higher odds of a 50% improvement in the GRoC and 3.99 (95% CI = 1.23, 12.88) times higher odds of a 50% improvement in the ODI (at 6 months). Future studies may investigate whether a change in plan of care is beneficial for patients who are not showing early improvement predictive of a good long-term outcome.

ÜBERBLICK AUF DIE SCHRIFTLICHE UND ELEKTRONISCHE PRESSE IN DER TURKEI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Güven BÜYÜKBAYKAL

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Das Thema dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklungen der schriftlichen Presse und der elektronischen Presse in der Türkei. Auberdem wurden die Veranderungen, die die Technologie gebracht hat, zu den Wirkungen in der schriftlichen und elektronischen Presse berührt. Der Import von teurer und verschwenderischer Technologie, die Tatsache, dass die Erhöhung der Eingabepreise den Vertriebspreisen von Zeitungen nicht entgegenkommen konnte, und der sich mit den 80'igern beschleunigende Werbe-Promotionswettbewerb erhöhten die Gestehungskosten im Pressesektor und brachten das Monopol mit sich. Die Neigung zum Monopol wirkte negativ auf die Nachrichtenproduktion, -Verteilung und die Gedankenfreiheit; die Arbeitsbedingungen und die Beschaffenheitsrechte der Pressearbeiter wurden eingeschrankt. Werbungen und unser Magazintage sind der Schwerpunkt der türkischen Presse. Exklusive - reiche Massen, Prominente, die man als 'Gesellschaftssahne' bezeichnet, Sanger und Sangerinnen die in Fernsehprogrammen berühmt wurden, und das private Leben von Entertainern haben einen groBen Platz in der Presse. Nachrichten, die die Gesellschaft oder die Zukunft des Landes interessieren, können bewusst auBer Acht gelassen werden und die Tagung besteht meistens aus Gerüchten mit vielen Bildern und groBen Buchstaben, die überhaupt keinen Nachrichtenwert haben. Letztendlich sollte man Zeitungen zum lesen und nicht zum anschauen drucken. Eine Zeitung sollte nicht mit dem Fernsehen oder dem Internet konkurrieren sondern in ihrer eigenen Rennstrecke bleiben.

Contested Development in Indonesia: Rethinking Ethnicity and Gender in Mining

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kristina Großmann

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Page Header User Username Password Remember me Notifications View Subscribe Information For Readers Home About Login Register Search Current Archives Submit your Article Leave the Editoral Platform and Return to our Website Home > Vol 10, No 1 (2017 > Großmann Contested Development in Indonesia: Rethinking Ethnicity and Gender in Mining Kristina Großmann, Martina Padmanabhan, Katharina von Braun Abstract This article reviews the literature on the relationship between gender and ethnicity in Indonesia’s mining sector and outlines shortcomings and prospects for further research. Recent studies on mining and gender focus predominantly on women and how they are negatively affected by mining. Ethnicity, although a growing asset in struggles on environmental transformations, is hardly included in research on mining. The intertwinement of ethnicity and gender in elaborations on mining is often depicted in literature of development programs and environmental organizations in which indigenous women are homogenized as marginalized victims. We argue, however, for a multidimensional approach on mining that takes into account the institutionalization of gender and ethnicity in mining governance as well as the role of gender and ethnic identities. Feminist political ecology and institutional analysis are pointing the way for such an approach. Furthermore, other relevant categories such as class, age, or status should be considered in the analysis of the complex and multidimensional environmental transformations of the mining sector in Indonesia.

Light in intermediate acclimatization of in vitro germinated seedlings of Dendrobium phalaenopsis Deang Suree

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Carlos Sorgato

2015-02-01

Full Text Available The success in micropropagation of Dendrobium phalaenopsis Deang Suree is high, but when transplanted into the greenhouse, their survival is minimal. To increase survival in production in the present study it was evaluated the effect of intermediate acclimatization for 30 days in a grow room utilizing the following luminosity conditions: 1- white fluorescent light (B (18.9µmol m-2 s-1; 2- white fluorescent light + red fluorescent light (GRO-LUX(r (BV (14.85µmol m-2 s-1; 3- red fluorescent light (GRO-LUX(r (V (9.45µmol m-2 s-1 and the control plants were accommodated directly in a greenhouse (162.0µmol m-2 s-1. After this the leaves were characterized anatomically and the plants transferred to the control greenhouse. It was evaluated survival percentage and final number of roots, and calculated the relations between the final and initial values of fresh weight, number of leaves, length and diameter of the largest pseudo bulb, number of pseudo bulbs and longest root length. Only plants submitted to red light, were statistically better than the control in relation to the survival percentage and in relation to fresh weight, while the control showed a higher number of roots that plants acclimatized in this luminosity conditions. Intermediate acclimatization, using red light or red + white light, is recommended for D. phalaenopsis Deang Suree.

Streptococcus loxodontisalivarius sp. nov. and Streptococcus saliviloxodontae sp. nov., isolated from oral cavities of elephants.

Science.gov (United States)

Saito, Masanori; Shinozaki-Kuwahara, Noriko; Hirasawa, Masatomo; Takada, Kazuko

2014-09-01

Four Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, coccoid-shaped organisms were isolated from elephant oral cavities. The isolates were tentatively identified as streptococcal species based on the results of biochemical tests. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies confirmed the organisms to be members of the genus Streptococcus. Two isolates (NUM 6304(T) and NUM 6312) were related most closely to Streptococcus salivarius with 96.8 % and 93.1 % similarity based on the 16S rRNA gene and the RNA polymerase β subunit encoding gene (rpoB), respectively, and to Streptococcus vestibularis with 83.7 % similarity based on the 60 kDa heat-shock protein gene (groEL). The other two isolates (NUM 6306(T) and NUM 6318) were related most closely to S. vestibularis with 97.0 % and 82.9 % similarity based on the 16S rRNA and groEL genes, respectively, and to S. salivarius with 93.5 % similarity based on the rpoB gene. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, these isolates are suggested to represent novel species of the genus Streptococcus, for which the names Streptococcus loxodontisalivarius sp. nov. (type strain NUM 6304(T) = JCM 19287(T) = DSM 27382(T)) and Streptococcus saliviloxodontae sp. nov. (type strain NUM 6306(T) = JCM 19288(T) = DSM 27513(T)) are proposed. © 2014 IUMS.

Employee benefits under IAS/IFRS and the Czech accounting legislation, the tax point of view including

OpenAIRE

Milena Otavová; Jana Gláserová

2009-01-01

The regulation of employee benefit is limited in the Czech Accounting Legislation. There are only short-term employee benefits – wages, salaries, when employees has rendered services to an entity during a period – month. Entities could create funds from a net profit –fund for social and cultural benefits which could serve as source of social services financing for employees. There are employee benefits defined very extensive in IAS/IFRS. It is IAS 19 – Employee Benefits which defines four Gro...

ITO nanoparticles reused from ITO scraps and their applications to sputtering target for transparent conductive electrode layer

OpenAIRE

Hong, Sung-Jei; Song, Sang-Hyun; Kim, Byeong Jun; Lee, Jae-Yong; Kim, Young-Sung

2017-01-01

In this study, ITO nanoparticles (ITO-NPs) were reused from ITO target scraps to synthesize low cost ITO-NPs and to apply to make sputtering target for transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs). By controlling heat-treatment temperature as 980??C, we achieved reused ITO-NPs having Brunauer, Emmett and Teller specific surface area (BET SSA) and average particle size 8.05?m2/g and 103.8?nm, respectively. The BET SSA decreases along with increasing heat-treatment temperature. The ITO-NPs were gro...

Els antecedents de la crisi de l'estat liberal a Espanya i a Itàlia: una visió comparada (1875-1895)

OpenAIRE

Cattini, Giovanni C., 1972-

2003-01-01

[deu] Gegenstand der Dissertation ist die eingehende Beschäftigung des katalanischen Dichters Joan Maragall i Gorina (1860-1911) mit Goethe, Nietzsche und Novalis. Diese Rezeption prägt in großem Maße auch seine Überlegungen zu Fragen individueller und nationaler Identität und reflektiert insgesamt einen Prozess der Selbstfindung und Positionierung im Identitätsdiskurs der europäischen Moderne um 1900. Dementsprechend entfaltet Maragall einen Diskurs, der sich zum einen auf das kulturelle...

Marketing mit Youtube

OpenAIRE

Nufer, Gerd; Kaps, Anne

2017-01-01

Die Video-Plattform Youtube ist eine der meistbesuchten Webseiten weltweit. Youtube-Stars erreichen mit ihren Videos große Zuschauergruppen und können als Multiplikatoren für Werbebotschaften dienen. Sie sind oftmals Meinungsführer, denen hohes Vertrauen entgegengebracht wird, weshalb sie sich sehr gut für Influencer-Marketing eignen. Marketing mit Youtube ermöglicht eine offene, mehrwegige, schnelle und kostengünstige Kommunikation mit Kunden, insbesondere jüngeren. Unternehmen können sich d...

Untersuchungen zum Einfluss einer Air-Liquid-Interphase auf die Differenzierung von Alveolarepithelzellen Typ II

OpenAIRE

Sinis, Nektarios

2003-01-01

Die Dedifferenzierung der Alveolarepithelzellen Typ II stellt in vitro ein großes Problem dar. Zellen, die länger als 48 Stunden in vitro kultiviert werden tendieren zu einer Dedifferenzierung. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt ein Air-Liquid-Interphasesystem zur Kultivierung von TypII-Zellen vor. Hierdurch ist es uns gelungen TypII-Zellen über einen Zeitraum von bis zu 14 Tagen in vitro auf einem hohen Grad der Differenzierung zu konservieren. Zellen die nicht so kultiviert wurden zeigten fr...

Allergene des Wiesenlieschgrases Phleum pratense als Stimulatoren des angeborenen Immunsystems

OpenAIRE

Röschmann, Kristina

2009-01-01

Heuschnupfen und Asthma zählen weltweit zu den häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen. Etwa 20 % der Bevölkerung westlicher Industriestaaten und bis zu 40 % der atopischen Individuen weisen eine Gräserpollenallergie auf17;32;43;44. Sowohl aus medizinischer, als auch aus volkwirtschaftlicher Sicht besteht daher ein großes Interesse an der näheren Untersuchung der Gräserpollenallergie. Da respiratorische Epithelien den Ort des ersten Kontaktes mit Aeroallergenen darstellen, war es Ziel dieser Arbe...

Untersuchungen der Narbenqualität nach unterschiedlichen Verfahren des Wundverschlusses und der Wundbehandlung durch autologe Hauttransplantation

OpenAIRE

Zeplin, Philip Helge

2005-01-01

Die qualitative und quantitative Narbenqualitätsmessungen im Verlauf der Wundheilung ist von großer Bedeutung, da durch sie Einflussgrößen, die mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit zu pathologischen Narbenformationen führen, frühzeitig erkannt werden könnten und Rückschlüsse auf die jeweils angewandten Techniken und Materialien zulassen würden. Dass für die Analyse der Heilung von Schnitt- und Defektwunden objektive Messungen unabdingbar sind, sollte am Beispiel des Göttinger Miniaturschweins gezeigt...

Tax reform in emerging transition: Is Kosovo’s Government and NGOs mathematical economics rational?

OpenAIRE

Mulaj, Isa

2009-01-01

Tax reform in small emerging democracies is difficult to measure what effects is likely to produce due to countries’ aggregate political and economic vulnerabilities. If both are taken as remaining relatively stable, then it is easier to discuss what impact the reform introduced may have in the economy and her stakeholders. In absence of a monetary policy, the Government of Kosovo in mid-2008 adopted the changes in tax rates taking effect from January 2009, with the aim to foster economic gro...

Evaluation eines Therapie-Disseminationsprojektes im südlichen Uganda : Konsistenz der Daten aus Diagnostik und Therapie

OpenAIRE

Roth, Maria

2006-01-01

In Anbetracht der großen Zahl weltweiter kriegerischer Konflikte und den durch sie ausgelösten Flüchtlingsströmen setzen sich mehr und mehr wissenschaftliche Debatten mit der Kriegsproblematik auseinander. Neben dem Erscheinungsbild heutiger Kriege sind auch die Folgen für die von den Kriegen betroffenen Menschen mehr in den Mittelpunkt öffentlicher Diskussionen gerückt.Das Störungsbild der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) scheint gerade bei Flüchtlingen das psychische Befinden gut ...

Herstellung und Charakterisierung von Li-Schwefel-Kathoden durch in-situ XRD, Impedanzspektroskopie und AFM-Messungen

OpenAIRE

Wagner, Norbert; Canas, Natalia; Hiesgen, Renate; Pascucci, Brigitta; Friedrich, K. Andreas

2013-01-01

Derzeit ist das wissenschaftliche und kommerzielle Interesse an der Entwicklung von Lithium-Schwefel Batterien sehr groß. Besondere Eigenschaften dieser Batte-rien sind, unter anderem, die hohe theoretische Energiedichte (2600 Wh/kg bzw. 2800 Wh/l) und Kapazität des Schwefels (1675 mAh/g), sowie das geringe Gewicht und die gute Verfügbarkeit von Schwefel als Ausgangsstoff für die Batterieherstel-lung. Um diese Werte auch in der Praxis zu erreichen, wird an der Optimierung der Nutzung des Akti...

Psychometric Study of the Depression, Anxiety and family Dysfunction Scales in Students at Universidad Industrial de Santander

OpenAIRE

Benitez Molina, Alimar; Caballero Badillo, María Claudia

2017-01-01

Abstract The aim of this research is to study the psychometric properties of Zung's and Apgar's Questionnaires for Depression and Anxiety, applied by the División de Bienestar Universitario de la UIS (DBU, for its Spanish acronym), a division in charge of students' welfare at UIS. The questionnaires were applied as part of a comprehensive assessment of admitted students, oriented to an early diagnosis of risk factors that may influence their academic performance. The sample consisted of a gro...

Effect which environmental sound causes for memory retrieval

OpenAIRE

武良,徹文

1999-01-01

The research judges the relation and no relation between the stimulation at prime and the target stimulation with hearing of pleasantness and an unpleasant sound. It is a purpose what influence for you give to examine a reaction time and a miss-rate of responding as an index when the problem is accomplished. The subjects are 50 university students to the graduate school students from one year. The subject was distributed to 21 pleasant sound condition groups, 10 unpleasant sound condition gro...

Lessing und der Islam

OpenAIRE

Muslim, Zahim Mohammed

2010-01-01

„Lessing und der Islam“ beschäftigt sich unparteiisch mit Lessings Auseinandersetzung mit dem Islam. Die Arbeit setzt sich das Ziel, den Leser und den Literaturkennern sowie der deutschen Bibliothek der Germanistik etwas von Lessings Auseinandersetzung mit dem Islam in die Hand zu geben, die bis heute als großes Modell für die interkulturelle und interreligiöse Menschheitstoleranzdebatte im Gedächtnis der deutschen Literatur vorhanden ist. Im ersten Teil widmet sich die vorliegende Arbeit de...

Equilibrium moisture content of wood at different temperature/moisture conditions in the cladding of wooden constructions and in the relation to their reliability and service life

OpenAIRE

Zdeňka Havířová; Pavel Kubů

2010-01-01

One of the natural properties of wood and wood-based materials is their soaking capacity (hy­gro­sco­pi­ci­ty). The moisture content of wood and building constructions of wood and wood based materials significantly influences the service life and reliability of these constructions and buildings. The equilibrium weight moisture content of built-in wood corresponding to temperature/moisture conditions inside the cladding has therefore a decisive influence on the basic requirements placed on bui...

Pegida. Warum Dresden?

OpenAIRE

Troland, Rune

2016-01-01

Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit den Ursachen von Dresdens Sonderweg in Bezug auf Pegida (Patriotische Europäer gegen die Islamisierung des Abendlandes). Im Winter 2014/2015 weckte dieses schnell wachsende Phänomen großes Interesse im In- und Ausland und viele Ableger wurden gegründet. Wirklich erfolgreich war Pegida jedoch nur in Sachsens Landeshauptstadt. Im Jahre 2016 ist diese Bewegung weit von den alten Teilnehmerzahlen entfernt, die Organisatoren geben aber nicht auf und die Kundgebungen w...

Der Euro als Triebfeder des deutschen Exports?

OpenAIRE

Götz Zeddies

2011-01-01

Die ausufernde Verschuldung insbesondere der südeuropäischen Mitgliedstaaten stellt die Europäische Währungsunion (EWU) derzeit vor große Herausforderungen. Während über lange Zeit Einigkeit darüber herrschte, den vollständigen Erhalt der Währungsunion mit einem milliardenschweren Rettungsschirm zu sichern, wurden jüngst erste Forderungen nach einem Austritt Griechenlands aus dem Euroraum laut. Insbesondere in Deutschland wird befürchtet, dass ein Austritt einzelner Länder oder gar ein komple...

Brexit: Was steht für den britischen Finanzsektor auf dem Spiel?

OpenAIRE

Miethe, Jakob; Pothier, David

2016-01-01

Der Austritt des Vereinigten Königreichs aus der Europäischen Union hat weitreichende Implikationen für die britische Finanzbranche. London ist die bisherige Finanzhauptstadt Europas. Dort ansässige Finanzinstitutionen können spezielle EU-Rechte nutzen, um Dienstleistungen im gesamten Binnenmarkt anzubieten. Das Vereinigte Königreich erfüllt somit gegenwärtig zwei Funktionen im europäischen Finanzsystem: Erstens ist es ein Knotenpunkt für Firmenkundengeschäfte großer europäischer Banken und z...

Coordinating Filtering Strategies in Cooperative Agent Communities

OpenAIRE

Milosevic, Dragan

2006-01-01

Eine Folge der gegenwärtigen Informationsflut ist, dass die Benutzer die gewünschten Informationen in verschiedenen Quellen suchen müssen. Sie haben dabei große Schwierigkeiten ihr Informationsbedürfnis formal zu beschreiben. Folglich führen selten manuell erstellte Anfragen an ein Suchsystem zu befriedigenden Ergebnissen. Ein kritischer Faktor bei der Suche nach gewünschten Informationen ist die Antwortzeit des Systems, d.h. die Zeitspanne zwischen dem Absenden einer Suchanfrage und der Präs...

Varnost osebnih podatkov v aplikacijah operacijskega sistema Android

OpenAIRE

Makovšek, Peter

2016-01-01

V teoretičnem delu diplomskega dela so opisane mobilne naprave, Android operacijski sistem Android, varnostni mehanizem dovoljenj za dostop do podatkov ter ranljivosti, grožnje (zloraba ranljivosti) in tveganja, zadevajoč osebnih podatkov pri uporabi aplikacij za operacijski sistem Android. Mobilne naprave so veliko nahajališče osebnih podatkov, na trgu aplikacij za mobilne naprave pa narašča število takšnih aplikacij, ki osebne podatke zbirajo, ali pa jih izdajajo tretjim osebam, kar pred...

Use of Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis to Distinguish Between Vapor Intrusion and Indoor Sources of VOCs

Science.gov (United States)

2013-11-01

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, Volatile Organics, TPH (HEM/SGT), CT- Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons (ETPH), MA-EPH, MA- VPH . Microbiology Parameters: Total...Toxaphene, CT-Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons (ETPH), MA-EPH, MA- VPH , Dicamba, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-TP(Silvex), Dalapon, Volatile Organics (SW 8260...3510C, 3630C, 5030B, ME- DRO, ME-GRO, MA-EPH, MA- VPH .) Solid Waste/Soil (Inorganic Parameters: 9010B, 9012A, 9014A, 9030B, 9040B, 9045C, 6010B

不透明水彩絵具の色の分布特性と分類

OpenAIRE

中村, 貞男; Sadao, Nakamura; 大阪大学 教養部; College of General Education, Osaka University

1984-01-01

Painting colors as examples of colors widely in use are investigated as to color distributions and classifications. 455 opaque water painting colors were measured. About a quater of them are red hues. Most of the painting colors distribute on the periphery of a color solid. Some colors of Munsell PB hues reach the periphery of the maximum gamut of real surface colors. The periphery painting colors are pointed out to be recognized as clear colors. The colors of similar chromatic values are gro...

Elvis : Aloha from Hawaii

OpenAIRE

Schröder, Imke; Amann, Caroline

2010-01-01

Die einzige Show, die Elvis Presley selbst produziert hat, sollte gleich erfolgreicher werden als die Mondlandung: Über eine Milliarde Menschen sahen weltweit am 14. Januar 1973 Aloha from Hawaii, live oder zeitversetzt. Sie machten das erste per Satellit weltweit ausgestrahlte Konzert, das in 40 Ländern über die Fernsehsender ausgestrahlt wurde, zu einem riesigen Erfolg und zu Presleys großem Comeback. Das Konzert im Neal Blaisdell Center sorgte für so viel Aufsehen, dass der Bürgermeister v...

“Basically... porn is everywhere”: a rapid evidence assessment on the effects that access and exposure to pornography has on children and young people

OpenAIRE

Horvath, M.; Alys, L.; Massey, K.; Pina, A.; Scally, M.; Adler, J.

2013-01-01

This Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) was commissioned by the Office of the Children’s Commissioner (OCC) as part of its Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Gangs and Groups (CSEGG). It was conducted by a consortium led by Middlesex University, to explore the effects that exposure and access to pornography have on children and young people. The CSEGG Inquiry was launched in October 2011 to better understand the scale, scope, extent and nature of child sexual exploitation in gangs and gro...

Das Konzept "Neue Soziale Bewegungen" nach Alain Touraine und die Grenzen seiner Anwendbarkeit in Guatemala

OpenAIRE

Kalny, Eva

2012-01-01

"Sowohl indigene Bewegungen als auch soziale Bewegungen gegen Großprojekte wie Staudämme, Minen und den Anbau von Palmöl und Zuckerrohr für die Gewinnung von Agrarsprit sind im Nachkriegsguatemala sehr aktiv. Dabei ist im letzten Jahrzehnt eine Verschiebung von identitären Forderungen hin zur vermehrten Verteidigung natürlicher Ressourcen beobachtbar. Der verstärkte Kampf um die Erhaltung des Lebensraums, der in ganz Lateinamerika zu beobachten ist, greift in Guatemala auf indigene Konzepte z...

LINE FORMATION IN SPECTRA OF X-RAY NOVAE

OpenAIRE

Suleimanov, V. F.; Shimansky, V. V.

2017-01-01

Results of X-ray Novae (XN) optical spectra computation are presented. The continuum and Balmer line are calculated. The model of XN as a self-irradiated accretion disk is used. Local (for given radius) disk atmospheres as model stellar atmospheres, heated due to external X-ray radiation are treated. Changes of spectra shape and equivalent widths of the Balmer lines depending from the luminosity and some others accretion disk parameters are investigated. The comparison of GRO JO422+32 observe...

Leologisch! Alltagsrätsel einfach erklärt

CERN Document Server

Ludick, Leo

2013-01-01

Wie entsteht ein Regenbogen? Warum ist der Himmel blau? Was sind Lichtjahre? Wie ist das mit den Jahreszeiten? Was sind Schwarze Löcher? Lauter Fragen, die Klein und Groß immer wieder beschäftigen. Der Physiker Leo Ludick hat im Lauf der Zeit solche Fragen gesammelt und in seiner Kolumne "Alltagsrätsel" in der Tageszeitung "Oberösterreichische Nachrichten" wöchentlich prägnante und einleuchtende Antworten darauf gegeben. Dieses Büchlein fasst nun diese Erklärungen thematisch sortiert zusammen. Einfach leologisch!

Eine molekulardynamische Studie von amorphem SiO2 im Bulk und unter geometrischen Einschränkungen

OpenAIRE

Geske, Julian

2017-01-01

Wasser und Silica sind beides Flüssigkeiten, die von hoher Relevanz sowohl in Anwendungen als auch in der Theorie sind. Lebewesen bestehen zu großen Teilen aus Wasser. Nicht nur dort kommt Wasser räumlich eingeschränkt vor, sondern ebenso in Gesteinen. Silica hingegen ist der bekannteste Glasbildner und hat daher vielfache Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in der Herstellung von (optischen) Gläsern. Ferner zeigen Silica und Wasser auf atomarer Ebene einen ähnlichen Aufbau. Beide Flüssigkeiten besitz...

Kunst und Revolution.John Berger und der sowjetische Bildhauer Ernst Neiswestni

OpenAIRE

Artinger, Kai

2011-01-01

John Berger war einer der einflussreichsten Kunstkritiker der Linken in den 1950er Jahren in Großbritannien. Er spielte eine zentrale Rolle in den Diskursen über die Situation der Kunst und ihre Zukunft. Bezeichnend für sein Kunstverständnis war es, ausgetretene Pfade zu verlassen und den herrschenden Kanon zu ignorieren. Daher erfasste sein Blick auch die osteuropäische Kunst. Seit 1953 besucht er mehrfach die UdSSR und die DDR. Als unabhängiger Marxist lehnte sich Berger an den Strategien...

ETIČNE DILEME SPLETNEGA PIRATSTVA

OpenAIRE

Šalamun, Tina

2016-01-01

V magistrski nalogi obravnavamo spletno piratstvo iz etičnega ter ekonomskega vidika. Piratstvo je dejavnost, kjer se kršijo avtorske pravice določene osebe. O spletnem piratstvu pa govorimo takrat, kadar gre za nelegalno kopiranje in prenašanje avtorsko zaščitenih vsebin z interneta. Internet je okolje, ki uporabnikom daje vtis, da so njihova dejanja brez posledic, kar botruje večji naklonjenosti spletnemu piratstvu. Slednja oblika je dandanes najbolj razširjena in predstavlja veliko grožnjo...

Hochdruckexperimente an Calciumsilikatphasen zur Rekonstruktion der Aufstiegsgeschichte von Diamanten

OpenAIRE

Steinberg, Holger Kai

2006-01-01

Ca-Silikate als natürliche Einschlüsse in Diamanten sind so extrem selten und bislang wenig untersucht, daß der Weg, sie synthetisch herzustellen, um entsprechende Analysen durchführen zu können, gerechtfertigt wird. Um die Veränderungen über einen großen Druckbereich bis zu Bedingungen, die dem Unteren Erdmantel entsprechen, durchführen zu können, wurde ein neues Hochdrucklabor mit einer Multi-Anvil-Presse aufgebaut. In dieses Labor sind viele Erfahrungen aus eigenen Experimenten und aus and...

Gasphasen-Emissionskontrolle für Gießereien

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Meusinger, Carl

2014-01-01

. Basierend auf den natürlichen Reinigungsprozessen der Atmosphäre werden Schadstoffe in Partikel umgewandelt und dann elektrostatisch gefiltert. Eine Testreihe bei einer großen deutschen Gießerei im Saargebiet zeigt dass die Konzentrationen von Benzol um bis zu 90 % reduziert werden und die Konzen- trationen...... von anderen Kohlenwasserstoffen in der Abluft über mehrere Tage hinweg um mehr als 80 % reduziert werden. Es hat sich erwiesen, dass die neue Technologie unter den Real- bedingungen einer laufenden Gießerei Benzolkonzentrationen regelbar minimieren kann....

Obveščevalna dejavnost javnih virov - OSINT : diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študija Varnost in policijsko delo

OpenAIRE

Bižal, Sergej

2014-01-01

Tradicionalna percepcija obveščevalne dejavnosti je neobhodno povezana s pojmom tajnosti. Tektonski premiki na geopolitični in družbeni ravni, ki so se z informacijsko-komunikacijsko (r)evolucijo pričeli s koncem hladne vojne, so vsekakor vplivali na izvedbeno raven obveščevalne dejavnosti. Poleg spremenjenih groženj, ki so iz prvenstveno ideoloških, postale politično nedefinirane, asimetrične, globalne in ekonomske in so spremenile varnostno okolje, je delovanje sodobnih obveščevalnih organi...

Effects of lidocaine on lipopolysaccharide-induced synovitis in horses

OpenAIRE

Campebell,R.C.; Peiró,J.R.; Valadão,C.A.A.; Santana,A.E.; Cunha,F.Q.

2004-01-01

Lidocaine (100mg 2%) injected into the carpal joint was used to evaluate the inflammatory response induced by injection (1.5ng) of intra-articular E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin. Seventeen male Mangalarga horses aged two to three years were divided into three groups and in all animals was injected 0.9% saline (SAL) in the left carpus (LC), and in the right carpus (RC) one of the following combinations were injected: group A (n=6) LPS plus SAL; group B (n=6) LPS plus lidocaine; gro...

Lew Kopelew - der Schriftsteller und Wissenschaftler, der Freund der Menschen und Verfechter ihrer Grundrechte

OpenAIRE

Keller, Werner

2010-01-01

Unsere Erwartung war anders als sonst – freudig, doch nicht frei von Erregung und leiser Furcht: Wird man im Kreml das gegebene Wort halten und nach einem Jahr die Rückkehr in die russische Heimat erlauben? Als Gast Heinrich Bölls kam Lew Kopelew im November 1980 nach Deutschland. In der Bonner Wohnung des Slawisten Wolfgang Kasack konnte ich mich ihm wenige Tage später vorstellen: Er war groß, von beeindruckender Physiognomie – nicht nur durch den Prophetenbart –, allerdings fast bleich und ...

Architektur als Vermittlung

OpenAIRE

Ott, Konrad

2016-01-01

Mit Anbruch der Moderne hat sich die Architektur bewußt von den Stilen vorangegangener Epochen losgesagt und sich fortan als Ausdruck einer neuen Kultur, eines neuen Zeitgeistes legitimiert. Der Philosoph Konrad Ott setzt sich mit dem Spannungsfeld zwischen den humanistischen und ästhetischen Ansprüchen der modernen Architektur, wie sie etwa von LeCorbusier formuliert worden sind, und der Realität, die sich etwa in der "Behältnis-Architektur" der Großstädte zeigt, auseinander. Die kritische T...

Parental and Infant Gender Factors in Parent–Infant Interaction: State-Space Dynamic Analysis

OpenAIRE

M. Angeles Cerezo; Purificación Sierra-García; Gemma Pons-Salvador; Rosa M. Trenado

2017-01-01

This study aimed to investigate the influence of parental gender on their interaction with their infants, considering, as well, the role of the infant’s gender. The State Space Grid (SSG) method, a graphical tool based on the non-linear dynamic system (NDS) approach was used to analyze the interaction, in Free-Play setting, of 52 infants, aged 6 to 10 months, divided into two groups: half of the infants interacted with their fathers and half with their mothers. There were 50% boys in each gro...

Low back pain among industrial workers : Occupational health studies on prevalence, incidence, and associations with work and lifestyle in I.R. Iran

OpenAIRE

Ghaffari, Mostafa

2007-01-01

This thesis presents the results from a prospective industrial population cohort study on epidemiology and risk factors for low back pain (LBP) in Iran. The four papers in the thesis were based on a cross-sectional survey and one-year follow-up of 18,000 employees in the car industry. The main goals of this thesis were: 1) to identify prevalence and incidence of LBP, and 2) to identify work-related exposures and lifestyle factors related to LBP. In paper I, the study gro...

Von niederer Herkunft

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schmidt, Kjeld

2015-01-01

Was man heute normalerweise unter «Computing» versteht, nämlich «Personal Computing», entwickelte sich nicht aus einer ‹Turingmaschine›, sondern als Technologie zur Erleichterung großangelegter kooperativer Arbeit. Es entstanden daraus interaktive Mensch-Maschine-Systeme, etwa Laptops und Smartph...... Smartphones, aber auch eingebettete Datenverarbeitungssysteme. Wichtige Paradigmen für Anwendungen des interaktiven Computing gehen auf Praktiker zurück, entstanden als praktische Techniken zum Eigengebrauch oder für die Verwendung durch Kollegen, und wurden später verallgemeinert....

$\\gamma$-Ray Pulsars: Emission Zones and Viewing Geometries

OpenAIRE

Romani, Roger W.; Yadigaroglu, I. -A.

1994-01-01

There are now a half dozen young pulsars detected in high energy photons by the Compton GRO, showing a variety of emission efficiencies and pulse profiles. We present here a calculation of the pattern of high energy emission on the sky in a model which posits $\\gamma$-ray production by charge depleted gaps in the outer magnetosphere. This model accounts for the radio to $\\gamma$-ray pulse offsets of the known pulsars, as well as the shape of the high energy pulse profiles. We also show that $...

Medio ambiente y desarrollo: su implicancia nacional e internacional

OpenAIRE

Martínez Lestard, Pablo

1992-01-01

Cuando el Presidente de la Comisión Mundial sobre el Medio Ambiente y el Desarrollo, el Sr. Gro Harlem Brundtland, Primer Ministro de Noruega, presentó el reporte "Nuestro Futuro Común" a la Asamblea General de la ONU en 1987, fue el momento en que se dio a conocer, ante el foro mundial, la idea del "desarrollo sostenible". Según Lloyd Timberlake, editor principal en el Instituto Internacional para el Medio Ambiente y el Desarrollo (Londres), el reporte "extremista" únicamente en cu...

Patterns of population change in Ghana (1984-2000)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Møller-Jensen, Lasse; Knudsen, Michael Helt

2008-01-01

  The study addresses population dynamics in Ghana on the urban and regional levels between 1984 and 2000. At the urban level, the development trends are analyzed for urban localities (population above 5,000) on the basis of geo-coded census data. Potential driving forces for rapid population gro...... with a more in-depth discussion of the development characteristics of Ghana's Western Region. This region has experienced one of the highest regional population growth rates, mainly due to its status as a ‘frontier' for cocoa production....

Analysis of heat shock gene expression in Lactococcus lactis MG1363

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Arnau, José; Sørensen, Kim; Appel, Karen Fuglede

1996-01-01

The induction of the heat shock response in Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris strain MG1363 was analysed at the RNA level using a novel RNA isolation procedure to prevent degradation. Cloning of the dnaJ and groEL homologous was carried out. Nothern blot analysis showed a similar induction pattern...... in the heat shock response in L. lactis MG1363 is presented. A gene located downstream of the dnaK operon in strain MG1363, named orf4, was shown not to be regulated by heat shock....

Growth hormone (GH)-independent dimerization of GH receptor by a leucine zipper results in constitutive activation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Behncken, S N; Billestrup, Nils; Brown, R

2000-01-01

Growth hormone initiates signaling by inducing homodimerization of two GH receptors. Here, we have sought to determine whether constitutively active receptor can be created in the absence of the extracellular domain by substituting it with high affinity leucine zippers to create dimers of the gro......Growth hormone initiates signaling by inducing homodimerization of two GH receptors. Here, we have sought to determine whether constitutively active receptor can be created in the absence of the extracellular domain by substituting it with high affinity leucine zippers to create dimers...

Area Handbook Series. Pakistan: A Country Study,

Science.gov (United States)

1983-10-01

people of Paklsten. For example. the reade wil lAd um.a rather than Ramadan, , eyd rather than ,md, s." r.athe dn ,aykh. kkod rather da Iud. and em rather...population, causing far-reaching results. Psychologically , even those wit-born, educated. or wealhy Indians to whom British doors we v open we r kept...various aspects. One Othe mast i weks B Bmber Gasmwine’s Tie Gro Mogk.; much of hi. test is drwn um pray sources and leludes lavissh photographs of the

Gamma ray astronomy and search for antimatter in the universe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schoenfelder, V.

1989-01-01

Gamma ray astronomy provides a powerful tool for searching antimatter in the universe; it probably provides the only means to determine, if the universe has baryon symmetry. Presently existing gamma-ray observations can be interpreted without postulating the existence of antimatter. However, the measurements are not precise enough to definitely exclude the possibility of its existence. The search for antimatter belongs to one of the main scientific objectives of the Gamma Ray Observatory GRO of NASA, which will be launched in 1990 by the Space Shuttle. (orig.)

Arbeit 4.0 in der Benutzungsabteilung einer großen Universitätsbibliothek

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silke Glitsch

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Die Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt erreicht seit den 2010er-Jahren eine neue Dimension. Wie ihre Folgen die Arbeit der Benutzungsabteilung der Niedersächsischen Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen prägen, erläutert der Bericht beispielhaft anhand der Einführung elektronischer Kassen an den Servicetheken und von Druck- und Kopierkonten für Privatnutzerinnen und -nutzer, der Einführung einer Dienstplansoftware, der Lernraumentwicklung der Bereichsbibliothek Medizin und der Entwicklung neuer Services für Promovierende. Since the 2010s, the digitisation of labour has been gaining a new dimension. This report describes how its consequences manifest themselves in the Readers’ Services Department at Göttingen State and University Library. The examples used for illustration are the introduction of electronic cash registers at the library’s service desks, of print and copy accounts for private users and of an employee scheduling software as well as the development of the Medical Library as a learning space and of new services for doctoral candidates.

Positive selection in the leucine-rich repeat domain of Gro1 genes in ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

history during which the main structure of the domain has been conserved such that ... from the column using 100 μL of distilled water. The LRR fragments from the ... ture of the domain and to obtain the best PDB template for mapping positive ...

Positive selection in the leucine-rich repeat domain of Gro1 genes in ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Plant material used in this study included one accession from each of the 16 ..... experiments in other resistance loci (L protein) showed novel pathogen effector .... 2011 Structural insight into brassinosteroid perception by BRI1. Nature 474 ...

Validierung des nichtlinearen Verformungsverhaltens von großen Einkristall-Gasturbinenschaufeln aus CMSX-4

OpenAIRE

Steinhaus, Thomas

2001-01-01

The achievement of high efficiency in large-based stationary gas turbines for electric power generation requires increased gas temperatures. Gas temperatures higher than 1300°C can only be handled using air cooled structures to keep the metal temperatures below 1000°C. Only single crystal superalloys have the required creep strength and thermo-mechanical fatigue resistance. Single crystal blades exhibit a highly anisotropic deformation behaviour and are subjected to triaxial stress fields ind...

Kas ety gro n regio hmiri N own in n of In Nakh

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SAM

2014-08-03

Aug 3, 2014 ... Eleven (11 le phenotyp ..... The maximum fruit weight was recorded in 'THP-7' ... Descriptive statistics for eleven tree, fruit quality, and yield traits of 24 'Kashmiri Nakh' pear genotypes. ..... John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.

Effects of early-life adversity on immune function are mediated by prenatal environment: Role of prenatal alcohol exposure.

Science.gov (United States)

Raineki, Charlis; Bodnar, Tamara S; Holman, Parker J; Baglot, Samantha L; Lan, Ni; Weinberg, Joanne

2017-11-01

The contribution of the early postnatal environment to the pervasive effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is poorly understood. Moreover, PAE often carries increased risk of exposure to adversity/stress during early life. Dysregulation of immune function may play a role in how pre- and/or postnatal adversity/stress alters brain development. Here, we combine two animal models to examine whether PAE differentially increases vulnerability to immune dysregulation in response to early-life adversity. PAE and control litters were exposed to either limited bedding (postnatal day [PN] 8-12) to model early-life adversity or normal bedding, and maternal behavior and pup vocalizations were recorded. Peripheral (serum) and central (amygdala) immune (cytokines and C-reactive protein - CRP) responses of PAE animals to early-life adversity were evaluated at PN12. Insufficient bedding increased negative maternal behavior in both groups. Early-life adversity increased vocalization in all animals; however, PAE pups vocalized less than controls. Early-life adversity reduced serum TNF-α, KC/GRO, and IL-10 levels in control but not PAE animals. PAE increased serum CRP, and levels were even higher in pups exposed to adversity. Finally, PAE reduced KC/GRO and increased IL-10 levels in the amygdala. Our results indicate that PAE alters immune system development and both behavioral and immune responses to early-life adversity, which could have subsequent consequences for brain development and later life health. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Synthesis of free-standing MnO{sub 2}/reduced graphene oxide membranes and electrochemical investigation of their performances as anode materials for half and full lithium-ion batteries

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhao, Xiaojun [Northwest University, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Functional Molecule Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry & Materials Science (China); Wang, Gang [Northwest University, National Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials (Culture Base), National Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials & Application International Cooperation Base, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology (China); Wang, Hui, E-mail: huiwang@nwu.edu.cn [Northwest University, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Functional Molecule Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry & Materials Science (China)

2016-10-15

MnO{sub 2} nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide (MnO{sub 2}/RGO) membranes with different MnO{sub 2} contents are successfully synthesized by a facile two-step method including vacuum filtration and subsequent thermal reduction route. The MnO{sub 2} nanotubes obtained are 38 nm in diameter and homogeneously imbedded in RGO sheets as spacers. The synthesized MnO{sub 2}/RGO membranes exhibit excellent mechanical flexibilities and free-standing properties. Using the membranes directly as anode materials for lithium batteries (LIBs), the membranes for half LIBs show superb cycling stabilities and rate performances. Importantly, the electrochemical performances of MnO{sub 2}/RGO membranes show a strong dependence on the MnO{sub 2} nanotube contents in the hybrids. In addition, our results show that the hybrid membranes with 49.0 wt% MnO{sub 2} nanotube in half LIBs achieve a high reversible capacity of 1006.7 mAh g{sup −1} after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g{sup −1}, which is higher lithium storage capacity than that of reported MnO{sub 2}-carbon electrodes. Furthermore, the synthesized full cell (MnO{sub 2}/RGO//LiCoO{sub 2}) system also exhibit excellent electrochemical performances, which can be attributed to the unique microstructures of MnO{sub 2} and GRO, coupled with the strong synergistic interaction between MnO{sub 2} nanotubes and GRO sheets.

Substances released from probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 potentiate NF-κB activity in Escherichia coli-stimulated urinary bladder cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Karlsson, Mattias; Scherbak, Nikolai; Khalaf, Hazem; Olsson, Per-Erik; Jass, Jana

2012-11-01

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 is a probiotic bacterium used to maintain urogenital health. The putative mechanism for its probiotic effect is by modulating the host immunity. Urinary tract infections (UTI) are often caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli that frequently evade or suppress immune responses in the bladder and can target pathways, including nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). We evaluated the role of L. rhamnosus GR-1 on NF-κB activation in E. coli-stimulated bladder cells. Viable L. rhamnosus GR-1 was found to potentiate NF-κB activity in E. coli-stimulated T24 bladder cells, whereas heat-killed lactobacilli demonstrated a marginal increase in NF-κB activity. Surface components released by trypsin- or LiCl treatment, or the resultant heat-killed shaved lactobacilli, had no effect on NF-κB activity. Isolation of released products from L. rhamnosus GR-1 demonstrated that the induction of NF-κB activity was owing to released product(s) with a relatively large native size. Several putative immunomodulatory proteins were identified, namely GroEL, elongation factor Tu and NLP/P60. GroEL and elongation factor Tu have previously been shown to elicit immune responses from human cells. Isolating and using immune-augmenting substances produced by lactobacilli is a novel strategy for the prevention or treatment of UTI caused by immune-evading E. coli. © 2012 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.

Biological effects of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde on Acinetobacter baumannii

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Angélique Montagu

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a major cause of nosocomial infections. The ability of A. baumannii to display various resistance mechanisms against antibiotics has transformed it into a successful nosocomial pathogen. The limited number of antibiotics in development and the disengagement of the pharmaceutical industry have prompted the development of innovative strategies. One of these strategies is the use of essential oils, especially aromatic compounds that are potent antibacterial molecules. Among them, the combination of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde has already demonstrated antibacterial efficacy against A. baumannii. The aim of this study was to determine the biological effects of these two compounds in A. baumannii, describing their effect on the rRNA and gene regulation under environmental stress conditions. Results demonstrated rRNA degradation by the carvacrol/cinnamaldehyde mixture, and this effect was due to carvacrol. Degradation was conserved after encapsulation of the mixture in lipid nanocapsules. Results showed an upregulation of the genes coding for heat shock proteins, such as groES, groEL, dnaK, clpB and the catalase katE, after exposure to carvacrol/cinnamaldehyde mixture. The catalase was upregulated after carvacrol exposure wich is related to an oxidative stress. The combination of thiourea (hydroxyl radical scavenger and carvacrol demonstrated a potent bactericidal effect. These results underline the development of defense strategies of the bacteria by synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS in response to environmental stress conditions, such as carvacrol.

Nichtperiodische zeitkontinuierliche Signale

Science.gov (United States)

Plaßmann, Wilfried

Nichtperiodische Signale haben eine große Bedeutung für die Nachrichten- und Datenübertragung, weil Information nur in nichtdeterministischen Signalen enthalten ist (Teil "Nachrichtentechnik", Abschn. 92.4.1). Aber auch für die Energie- und Regelungstechnik sind sie von Interesse, weil sie entweder Ein- und Ausschaltvorgänge erfassen oder den Übergang von einem momentan stationären Zustand in einen neuen darstellen (Kurzschluss im Energieversorgungsnetz, Auftreten einer Störgröße im Regelsystem). Die Fourier- und die Laplacetransformation können bei nichtperiodischen zeitkontinuierlichen Signalen eingesetzt werden.

Rekrutacija teroristov v teroristični organizaciji Islamska država

OpenAIRE

Avdylaj, Arber

2017-01-01

Terorizem je v vseh svojih pojavnih oblikah ena najhujših groženj globalnemu miru in varnosti, saj teroristična dejanja resno škodujejo uživanju človekovih pravic, ogrožajo socialni in gospodarski razvoj vseh držav ter spodkopavajo globalno stabilnost in blaginjo. Verski terorizem je prevzel vodilno vlogo ogrožanja sodobne varnosti, saj se verski fanatiki poslužujejo terorističnih dejanj, da bi dosegli lažne cilje svete vojne. Izvajalci terorističnih dejanj teh ne dojamejo kot konec svojega ž...

Mobbing in vrste agresij, ki so jim izpostavljeni zaposleni v zdravstveni negi ter ukrepi za preprečevanje

OpenAIRE

Lorbek, Tanja

2013-01-01

Največjo grožnjo zaposlenim danes predstavlja čustveno in psihično nasilje, spolno ter drugo nadlegovanje na delovnem mestu, pogosto imenovano mobbing. Prilagajanje novim družbenim razmeram in novim vrednotam, malikovanje kapitala in konkurenčnosti, ki v resnici pomeni tekmovalnost, je v odnose na delovnem mestu vneslo občutek negotovosti. Temu se je pridružil tudi pojav prostega pretoka blaga, storitev in oseb, ki poleg kopičenja dobička povzroča tudi negotovost pri zaposlovanju in brezposel...

Queer-Feministische Übersetzungsarbeit

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Melanie Plößer

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Wie können queer-feministische Erkenntnisse für die kritische Analyse neoliberaler Ungleichheitsverhältnisse fruchtbar gemacht werden? Auf diese Frage gibt der von Melanie Groß und Gabriele Winker herausgegebene Band Queer- | Feministische Kritiken neoliberaler Verhältnisse überzeugende Antworten. Die im Rahmen eines Seminars an der Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg unter Leitung der Herausgeberinnen erarbeiteten Beiträge stellen am Beispiel des Themas „Reproduktionsarbeit“ und mit Bezug auf Möglichkeiten politischer Aktionsformen die kritisch-praktischen Potentiale queer-feministischer Theorien heraus.

Analysis of New Trends in the Web from a Network Perspective

OpenAIRE

Schneider, Fabian

2010-01-01

In den letzten fünf Jahren haben verschiedene Trends die Landschaft des World Wide Web hin zum ”Web 2.0“ verändert. Das Aufkommen von Inhalten, die von den Benutzern selbst erzeugt werden (engl. user generated content, z. B. in Blogs und Wikis), die Beliebtheit von Videos und Musik (z. B. in YouTube und MySpace) und die Verbreitung von Googles Diensten (z. B. Google Maps oder Google Mail) sind allgemein bemerkbar. Gerade die aktuell sehr große Beliebtheit sozialer Netze im Internet (engl. Onl...

Comparación de la percepción social en playas recreativas arenosas de dos bahías localizadas en el Pacífico Mexicano

OpenAIRE

Flores-Mejía, M.A.; Silva-Iñiguez, L.; Cervantes, O.; Navarro-Reyes, C.; Pérez-López, R.; Gutiérrez-Corona, C.G.; Flores-Hernández, M.

2012-01-01

En el presente trabajo se desarrollaron dos formatos de encuesta, para incorporar la percepción de los usuarios a la evaluación de la calidad de las playas (Cervantes, 2006 y Silva-Iñiguez, 2006); ambos basados en un modelo cuantitativo para revelar la percepción social de las playas localizadas en la bahía de Santiago, Manzanillo, Col (MZO) y en Acapulco, Gro (ACA). Se aplicaron un total de 790 encuestas (ACA: 390 y MZO: 400), que permitieron conocer el perfil de los usuarios, sus hábitos de...

Blockade of Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 Inhibits Lymphocyte Infiltration in Rat Liver Allograft Rejection

OpenAIRE

Martelius, Timi; Salaspuro, Ville; Salmi, Marko; Krogerus, Leena; Höckerstedt, Krister; Jalkanen, Sirpa; Lautenschlager, Irmeli

2004-01-01

Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) has been shown to mediate lymphocyte adhesion to endothelia at sites of inflammation, but its functional role in vivo has not been tested in any rodent model. Here we report the effects of VAP-1 blockade on rat liver allograft rejection. BN recipients of PVG liver allografts (known to develop acute rejection by day 7) were treated with 2 mg/kg anti-VAP-1 (a new anti-rat VAP-1 mAb 174–5) or isotype-matched irrelevant antibody (NS1) every other day (n = 6/gro...

Piscivory and trophic position of Anguilla anguilla in two lakes: importance of macrozoobenthos density

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dorner, H.; Skov, Christian; Berg, Søren

2009-01-01

The feeding habits of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (> 300 mm total length, L-T) were compared in two lakes of different environmental state: Lake Gro ss er Vatersee (LGV), Germany (clear water, mesotrophic and submerged macrophytes), and Lake Vallum (LV), Denmark (turbid, eutrophic and no s...... on these results, it is concluded that piscivory among A. anguilla was generally controlled by the density of macrozoobenthos. Stable isotope analysis further indicated that A. anguilla may act as integrators between benthic and pelagic food webs when density of insect larvae is low....

非共沸混合冷媒R22+R114の水平な内面溝付き管内における凝縮および蒸発熱伝達

OpenAIRE

小山, 繁; 宮良, 明男; 高松, 洋; 米本, 和生; 藤井, 哲

1987-01-01

Experimental results of the condensation and evaporation of non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures of R22 and R114 inside a horizontal tube with internal spiral grooves are presented. The test condenser and evaporator, which are of the same shape, are tube-in-tube counter flow type heat exchangers. The inner tube is made of copper with a geometry as follows: outer diameter 9.52mm, mean wall thickness 0.60mm, mean inner diameter 8.32mm, groove depth 0.15mm, number of grooves 60, lead angle of gro...

Die Restaurierung eines Meisterwerkes live erleben. Stereomikroskopie hilft Kunstschätze zu erhalten

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wadum, Jørgen

2008-01-01

können bis voraussichtlich Juni 2008 die konservierung, restaurierung und wissenschaftliche untersuchung eines der imposantesten gemälde von Jacob Jordaens (1593–1678) hautnah miterleben: das 2,80 × 4,67 m große „Der Zinsgroschen – Petrus findet die Münze im Maul des fischs oder Die fähre nach Antwerpen......“. Eine offene Werkstatt inmitten des Museums eröffnet spannende einblicke in das innerste des Meisterwerkes sowie in Techniken der konservierungs- und restaurierungsarbeit. Ziel des rund zehnmonatigen projektes ist es, neben der restaurierung, die Materialien, Techniken, Bedeutung...

Single particle analysis based on Zernike phase contrast transmission electron microscopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Danev, Radostin; Nagayama, Kuniaki

2008-02-01

We present the first application of Zernike phase-contrast transmission electron microscopy to single-particle 3D reconstruction of a protein, using GroEL chaperonin as the test specimen. We evaluated the performance of the technique by comparing 3D models derived from Zernike phase contrast imaging, with models from conventional underfocus phase contrast imaging. The same resolution, about 12A, was achieved by both imaging methods. The reconstruction based on Zernike phase contrast data required about 30% fewer particles. The advantages and prospects of each technique are discussed.

Generalized Fourier transforms Fk,a

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Salem, Ben Said; Kobayashi, Toshiyuki; Ørsted, Bent

2009-01-01

We construct a two-parameter family of actions ωk,a of the Lie algebra by differential-difference operators on . Here, k is a multiplicity-function for the Dunkl operators, and a>0 arises from the interpolation of the Weil representation and the minimal unitary representation of the conformal gro...... of our semigroup Ωk,a provides us with (k,a) -generalized Fourier transforms , which includes the Dunkl transform ( a=2 ) and a new unitary operator ( a=1 ) as a Dunkl-type generalization of the classical Hankel transform....

Effect of xylose and nutrients concentration on ethanol production by a newly isolated extreme thermophilic bacterium

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tomás, Ana Faria; Karakashev, Dimitar Borisov; Angelidaki, Irini

2011-01-01

An extreme thermophilic ethanol-producing strain was isolated from an ethanol high-yielding mixed culture, originally isolated from a hydrogen producing reactor operated at 70 °C. Ethanol yields were assessed with increasing concentrations of xylose, up to 20 g/l. The ability of the strain to gro...... product under most of the conditions tested, including in media lacking vitamins, peptone and yeast extract. The results indicate that this new organism is a promising candidate for the development of a second generation bio-ethanol production process. © IWA Publishing 2011....

Development of High Quality 4H-SiC Thick Epitaxy for Reliable High Power Electronics Using Halogenated Precursors

Science.gov (United States)

2016-08-02

defects :=()llowed by a second buffer epilayer gro\\\\ th with ~: urn thickness with high n-type dopi:1g (- 5£17 cm-3) for the same C/Si ratio of ~1.4 at...gradient, pressure , etc.) can further reduce the parasitic deposition, especially in TFS-growth. • Thick epitaxy on-axis 4H-SiC Growth at High Growth...From - To) 08/02/2016 Final Technical Report 01-Apr-10 Through 31-Mar-14 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Development of High Quality 4H

Region Sjællands Økologiprofil

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm, Jesper; Lund Sørensen, Runa Cecilie

Nærværende rapport bygger på erfaringer foretaget gennem en kortlægning af Region Sjællands økologiske sektor, som blev lavet i forbindelse med Region Sjællands store fødevareprojekt Grønne Regionale Madoplevelser (GRO) under delprojektet Økologisk Oplevelsesinnovation. Formålet med undersøgelsen...... har været at generere et overblik over Region Sjællands økologiske sektor, både hvad angår antallet og udbredelsen af økologiske landbrugsbedrifter, forarbejdningsvirksomheder, engrosvirksomheder og detailforretninger....

VARNOST ELEKTRONSKEGA POSLOVANJA

OpenAIRE

Marovt, Tjaša

2016-01-01

Elektronsko poslovanje je del našega vsakdanjega življenja in je skoraj že izpodrinilo klasično poslovanje. Vse večja uporaba elektronskega poslovanja prinaša vedno več groženj in nevarnosti. Sem spadajo nezaželena e-pošta, ribarjenje, računalniški virusi, računalniški črvi, zlonamerne programske opreme in ostale nevarnosti. Uporabniki morajo biti seznanjeni z nevarnostjo in se pred njimi zaščititi z ustreznimi varnostnimi mehanizmi, kot so šifriranje podatkov, elektronski podpis, digitalno p...

Bacterial Sulfate Reduction Above 100-Degrees-C in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Sediments

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

JØRGENSEN, BB; ISAKSEN, MF; JANNASCH, HW

1992-01-01

-reducing bacteria was done in hot deep-sea sediments at the hydrothermal vents of the Guaymas Basin tectonic spreading center in the Gulf of California. Radiotracer studies revealed that sulfate reduction can occur at temperatures up to 110-degrees-C, with an optimum rate at 103-degrees to 106-degrees......-C. This observation expands the upper temperature limit of this process in deep-ocean sediments by 20-degrees-C and indicates the existence of an unknown groUp of hyperthermophilic bacteria with a potential importance for the biogeochemistry of sulfur above 100-degrees-C....

An improved UPLC-MS/MS platform for quantitative analysis of glycerophosphoinositol in mammalian cells.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura Grauso

Full Text Available The glycerophosphoinositols constitute a class of biologically active lipid-derived mediators whose intracellular levels are modulated during physiological and pathological cell processes. Comprehensive assessment of the role of these compounds expands beyond the cellular biology of lipids and includes rapid and unambiguous measurement in cells and tissues. Here we describe a sensitive and simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS method for quantitative analysis of the most abundant among these phosphoinositide derivatives in mammalian cells, the glycerophosphoinositol (GroPIns. The method has been developed in mouse Raw 264.7 macrophages with limits of quantitation at 3 ng/ml. Validation on the same cell line showed excellent response in terms of linear dynamic range (from 3 to 3,000 ng/ml, intra-day and inter-day precision (coefficient of variation ≤ 7.10% and accuracy (between 98.1 and 109.0% in the range 10-320 ng/ml. As proof of concept, a simplified analytical platform based on this method and external calibration was also tested on four stimulated and unstimulated cell lines, including Raw 264.7 macrophages, Jurkat T-cells, A375MM melanoma cells and rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. The results indicate a wide variation in GroPIns levels among different cell lines and stimulation conditions, although the measurements were always in line with the literature. No significant matrix effects were observed thus indicating that the here proposed method can be of general use for similar determinations in cells of different origin.

Using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and electrochemically driven melting to discriminate Yersinia pestis from Y. pseudotuberculosis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms within unpurified polymerase chain reaction amplicons.

Science.gov (United States)

Papadopoulou, Evanthia; Goodchild, Sarah A; Cleary, David W; Weller, Simon A; Gale, Nittaya; Stubberfield, Michael R; Brown, Tom; Bartlett, Philip N

2015-02-03

The development of sensors for the detection of pathogen-specific DNA, including relevant species/strain level discrimination, is critical in molecular diagnostics with major impacts in areas such as bioterrorism and food safety. Herein, we use electrochemically driven denaturation assays monitored by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to target single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that distinguish DNA amplicons generated from Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, from the closely related species Y. pseudotuberculosis. Two assays targeting SNPs within the groEL and metH genes of these two species have been successfully designed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to produce Texas Red labeled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) amplicons of 262 and 251 bases for the groEL and metH targets, respectively. These amplicons were used in an unpurified form to hybridize to immobilized probes then subjected to electrochemically driven melting. In all cases electrochemically driven melting was able to discriminate between fully homologous DNA and that containing SNPs. The metH assay was particularly challenging due to the presence of only a single base mismatch in the middle of the 251 base long PCR amplicon. However, manipulation of assay conditions (conducting the electrochemical experiments at 10 °C) resulted in greater discrimination between the complementary and mismatched DNA. Replicate data were collected and analyzed for each duplex on different days, using different batches of PCR product and different sphere segment void (SSV) substrates. Despite the variability introduced by these differences, the assays are shown to be reliable and robust providing a new platform for strain discrimination using unpurified PCR samples.

Complete sequencing of the bla(NDM-1)-positive IncA/C plasmid from Escherichia coli ST38 isolate suggests a possible origin from plant pathogens.

Science.gov (United States)

Sekizuka, Tsuyoshi; Matsui, Mari; Yamane, Kunikazu; Takeuchi, Fumihiko; Ohnishi, Makoto; Hishinuma, Akira; Arakawa, Yoshichika; Kuroda, Makoto

2011-01-01

The complete sequence of the plasmid pNDM-1_Dok01 carrying New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1) was determined by whole genome shotgun sequencing using Escherichia coli strain NDM-1_Dok01 (multilocus sequence typing type: ST38) and the transconjugant E. coli DH10B. The plasmid is an IncA/C incompatibility type composed of 225 predicted coding sequences in 195.5 kb and partially shares a sequence with bla(CMY-2)-positive IncA/C plasmids such as E. coli AR060302 pAR060302 (166.5 kb) and Salmonella enterica serovar Newport pSN254 (176.4 kb). The bla(NDM-1) gene in pNDM-1_Dok01 is terminally flanked by two IS903 elements that are distinct from those of the other characterized NDM-1 plasmids, suggesting that the bla(NDM-1) gene has been broadly transposed, together with various mobile elements, as a cassette gene. The chaperonin groES and groEL genes were identified in the bla(NDM-1)-related composite transposon, and phylogenetic analysis and guanine-cytosine content (GC) percentage showed similarities to the homologs of plant pathogens such as Pseudoxanthomonas and Xanthomonas spp., implying that plant pathogens are the potential source of the bla(NDM-1) gene. The complete sequence of pNDM-1_Dok01 suggests that the bla(NDM-1) gene was acquired by a novel composite transposon on an extensively disseminated IncA/C plasmid and transferred to the E. coli ST38 isolate.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis epitope-specific interferon-g production in healthy Brazilians reactive and non-reactive to tuberculin skin test

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bosco Christiano Maciel da Silva

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The interferon (IFN-γ response to peptides can be a useful diagnostic marker of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB latent infection. We identified promiscuous and potentially protective CD4+ T-cell epitopes from the most conserved regions of MTB antigenic proteins by scanning the MTB antigenic proteins GroEL2, phosphate-binding protein 1 precursor and 19 kDa antigen with the TEPITOPE algorithm. Seven peptide sequences predicted to bind to multiple human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DR molecules were synthesised and tested with IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT assays using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs from 16 Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST-positive and 16 TST-negative healthy donors. Eighty-eight percent of TST-positive donors responded to at least one of the peptides, compared to 25% of TST-negative donors. Each individual peptide induced IFN-γ production by PBMCs from at least 31% of the TST-positive donors. The magnitude of the response against all peptides was 182 ± 230 x 106 IFN-γ spot forming cells (SFC among TST-positive donors and 36 ± 62 x 106 SFC among TST-negative donors (p = 0.007. The response to GroEL2 (463-477 was only observed in the TST-positive group. This combination of novel MTB CD4 T-cell epitopes should be tested in a larger cohort of individuals with latent tuberculosis (TB to evaluate its potential to diagnose latent TB and it may be included in ELISPOT-based IFN-γ assays to identify individuals with this condition.

Thermochemical Wastewater Valorization via Enhanced Microbial Toxicity Tolerance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beckham, Gregg T [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Thelhawadigedara, Lahiru Niroshan Jayakody [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Johnson, Christopher W [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Pleitner, Brenna P [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Cleveland, Nicholas S [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Michener, William E [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Olstad-Thompson, Jessica L [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Vardon, Derek R [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Whitham, Jason M. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Giannone, Richard J. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Klingeman, Dawn M. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Brown, Robert C. [Iowa State University; Brown, Steven D. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory; LanzaTech, Inc.; Hettich, Robert L. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Guss, Adam M. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory

2018-04-17

Thermochemical (TC) biomass conversion processes such as pyrolysis and liquefaction generate considerable amounts of wastewater, which often contains highly toxic compounds that are incredibly challenging to convert via standard wastewater treatment approaches such as anaerobic digestion. These streams represent a cost for TC biorefineries, and a potential valorization opportunity, if effective conversion methods are developed. The primary challenge hindering microbial conversion of TC wastewater is toxicity. In this study, we employ a robust bacterium, Pseudomonas putida, with TC wastewater streams to demonstrate that aldehydes are the most inhibitory compounds in these streams. Proteomics, transcriptomics, and fluorescence-based immunoassays of P. putida grown in a representative wastewater stream indicate that stress results from protein damage, which we hypothesize is a primary toxicity mechanism. Constitutive overexpression of the chaperone genes, groEL, groES, and clpB, in a genome-reduced P. putida strain improves the tolerance towards multiple TC wastewater samples up to 200-fold. Moreover, the concentration ranges of TC wastewater are industrially relevant for further bioprocess development for all wastewater streams examined here, representing different TC process configurations. Furthermore, we demonstrate proof-of-concept polyhydroxyalkanoate production from the usable carbon in an exemplary TC wastewater stream. Overall, this study demonstrates that protein quality control machinery and repair mechanisms can enable substantial gains in microbial tolerance to highly toxic substrates, including heterogeneous waste streams. When coupled to other metabolic engineering advances such as expanded substrate utilization and enhanced product accumulation, this study generally enables new strategies for biological conversion of highly-toxic, organic-rich wastewater via engineered aerobic monocultures or designer consortia.

Expression of the stress-response regulators CtsR and HrcA in the uropathogen Staphylococcus saprophyticus during heat shock.

Science.gov (United States)

Rossi, Ciro César; de Oliveira, Lorayne Lauria; de Carvalho Rodrigues, Deivid; Ürményi, Turán Peter; Laport, Marinella Silva; Giambiagi-deMarval, Marcia

2017-08-01

The uropathogen Staphylococcus saprophyticus is an ubiquitous bacterium but little is known about mechanisms that allow its persistence in diverse environments. Here we evaluated S. saprophyticus growth and survival during heat shock, the expression of stress response regulators ctsR and hrcA through qRT-PCR and heat shock protein synthesis through 35 S-Met metabolic labeling. S. saprophyticus does not tolerate temperatures much higher than the optimal 37 °C, as its growth is greatly affected at 42 °C, though viability is maintained up to 48 °C. At 42 °C, the expression of ctsR and hrcA repressor genes approximately triple when compared to 37 °C and continue to increase together with temperature till 48 °C. Expression of hrcA peaks after 20 min of heat shock and decreases significantly after 30 min, indicating that heat stress response regulated by this gene may last 20-30 min. An increase in temperature is accompanied by the synthesis of at least eight proteins, three of which are likely the chaperones DnaK, GroEL and ClpB. In silico analysis indicate that the groEL gene may be regulated by HrcA, clpB by CtsR and dnaK by both repressors. This is the first work to discuss heat stress response in S. saprophyticus and a step forward in the understanding of mechanisms that make this a widespread and emergent pathogen.

Tank für Überschusshefe versagt – mit katastrophalen Folgen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hedlund, Frank Huess; Selig, Robert Simon

2017-01-01

Ein großer Tank für Überschusshefe flog in die Luft und nur noch die Bodenplatte und der Tankinhalt blieben zurück. Obwohl der Tank nicht für Überdruck ausgelegt war, wurde er auf ,"sehr geringem Überdruck" gehalten, um störende Schaumentwicklung zu verhindern. Der Brauerei waren die Gefahren dur...... Druckluft nicht bekannt. Der in diesem Artikel beschriebene Unfall soll aufzeigen, dass Vorsicht geboten ist, wenn ein ursprünglich für atmosphärischen Druck ausgelegter Tank auf Betrieb mit leichtem Überdruck abgeändert wird...

Medijska reprezentacija amok situacij in storilcev

OpenAIRE

Pavli, Kristina

2015-01-01

Amok je globalen medijski kulturni fenomen. Zaradi geografske omejenosti dogodka na določeno skupnost in okolje je večina z njim seznanjena prav preko množičnih medijev, ki vplivajo na javno razumevanje amok situacij. Vedejo se v skladu s tržnimi zakonitostmi in o kriminaliteti poročajo na senzacionalističen način, izpostavljenost prekomernemu nasilju v medijih pa ima lahko pri občinstvu za posledico zmanjšanje občutljivosti za nasilje, dojemanje grožnje za večjo, kot je v resnici, in posnema...

„Kann die NSA meinen Penis sehen?“

OpenAIRE

Schmetz, Martin

2015-01-01

So die Frage im Interview von John Oliver mit Edward Snowden. Vorher war es um die Enthüllungen Snowdens gegangen, die angeblich so große Wellen gemacht und das Thema Überwachung und Privatsphäre in den Köpfen der Menschen verankert hatten. In einer nicht unbedingt repräsentativen Umfrage für Olivers Sendung „Last Week Tonight“ auf den Straßen New Yorks wurde diese Idee gänzlich demontiert: Kaum jemand erinnerte sich an Snowden – und wenn, dann nicht im richtigen Kontext. Privatsphäre und Übe...

Analysis Components Investigation Report

Science.gov (United States)

2014-10-01

integration n (1.4.1) t r to integra Solr separa nstrate the resco. Ther e file system f 22 ATION context, ocument software ased on visualize d offers...query. NLTK8 libr uments. Th locations, b neral Ling rdNet9 is a ts of spee tionships. aning of a w approach rdnet sema ween two w ilar words...Te The this doc The nam inte Mo sea exa this gro .2.4 Do A m que lea An Fea que If w wh libr out Vow Mic nam com 2 http://zinko s Investigation MENT

Berufskrankheiten, die Schaffung am Subjekt und politische Arbeit im Talkshow-Format

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ruben Marc Hackler

2008-03-01

Full Text Available In ihrer Analyse der Sprecherpositionen, die subalternen Frauen in Indien zugestanden wird, formuliert Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak eine Kritik am fehlenden Verantwortungsbewusstsein westlicher Intellektueller. Zugleich entwickelt sie eine anspruchsvolle Vorgabe für die Untersuchung kolonialer Herrschaftspraktiken. Während die Forderung nach Verantwortung allerdings hinter dem eigenen Anspruch zurückbleibt, die institutionellen und historischen Bedingungen akademischer Arbeit zu berücksichtigen, birgt ihre Theorie des unterworfenen Subjektes ein großes Analysepotential. Das Gespräch zwischen Spivak und Judith Butler enttäuscht hingegen die Erwartungen an eine informierte politische Öffentlichkeit.

Moderne mathematische Methoden der Physik

CERN Document Server

Goldhorn, Karl-Heinz; Kraus, Margarita

2010-01-01

Der große Vorzug dieses Lehrbuchs liegt in seiner kompromisslosen Konzentration auf begriffliche Klarheit bei bewusstem Verzicht auf für Physiker irrelevante Details. Es richtet sich u.a. an Studierende von Master-, Aufbau-, Graduierten- und Promotionsstudiengängen im Bereich der theoretischen und mathematischen Physik. Die Auswahl des Stoffes deckt ein breites Spektrum mathematischer Konzepte und Methoden ab, die für die heutige Physik relevant sind. Dieser zweite Band konzentriert sich dabei auf mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik: Unbeschränkte Operatoren im Hilbertraum, Spektraltheorie sowie Symmetriegruppen und ihre Darstellungen mit besonderem Augenmerk auf Rotations- und Lorentzgruppe.

Conversando con...Momoyo Kaijima

OpenAIRE

Gómez Alonso, Carlos; Álvarez Isidro, Eva; Torres Barchino, Ana

2017-01-01

[ES] Momoyo Kaijima es profesora en la Facultad de Arte y Diseño de la Universidad de Tsukuba en la Prefectura de Ibaraki y profesora visitante en la ETH de Zürich, en Royal Academy of Fine Arts, en Rice School of Architecture y en Harvard GSD. A lo largo de los años, Atelier Bow Wow ha colaborado con Krešimir Rogina, arquitecto de Zagreb y socio de la firma internacional Penezic&Rogina, en la realización del Grožnjan International Summer School of Architecture, siendo Rogina el nexo indispen...

Problematika trgovine z mladoletnimi osebami na območju Makedonije in sosednjih držav

OpenAIRE

Stefanovski, Kristijan

2017-01-01

Človek lahko normalno živi le, če je svoboden, medtem ko »nesvoboda« iz človeka naredi sužnja. Trgovina z ljudmi ali t. i sodobno suženjstvo v 21. stoletju počasi in zanesljivo postaja pereč problem sodobnega življenja. Ljudje se zaradi želje po hitrem zaslužku pogosto znajdejo na življenjski poti, ki je izpolnjena s strahom, trpljenjem, z grožnjami, bolečinami, s škodo, z negotovostjo itd. Trgovina z ljudmi predstavlja eno izmed najhujših kršitev človekovih pravic. Žrtvam namreč odvzame ...

Soudan 2 muons in coincidence with BATSE bursts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

DeMuth, D.M.; Marshak, M.L.; Wagner, G.L.

1994-01-01

We explore the possibilities of statistically significant temporal and spatial coincidences between underground muons at Soudan 2 and Gamma Ray Bursts at the GRO-BATSE detector. Our search uses data from the April 91 to March 92 BATSE burst catalog to seek correlations within a 100 second window of coincidence. Sixteen of 180 BATSE triggers have temporally and spatially coincident muons in the Soudan 2 detector. We estimate the chance probability of each coincidence assuming the null hypothesis on the basis of a study of the multiplicities of spatially coincident muons observed over a two day period centered on the time of burst

Eval dome Makur uation estic an rdi met n of gro nd irrig tropoli ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

sunny

ter preferable er is related t ecomposition. @yahoo.com. ently open acc. African Jo water su al purp enviro ral Nig. Alagbe an. Bello Universi. 2014; Accepted 1 i metropolis nal purpose solids (TDS ermine its su gnesium, nit d some dom organizatio. , percentage groundwater ion with res bicarbonate opolis, suitabil the the be.

Wissenschaftler wollen mit dem Großen Hadronenbeschleuniger bei Genf Welträtsel knacken

CERN Multimedia

2008-01-01

The way to the Big Bang is 27 kilometers long. The ring of the new particle accelerator of CERN has this extent; from May protons - which is positively charged parts of the atomic nucleus - will start collide almost with speed of light hit one on the other.

Water-soluble egg membrane enhances the immunoactivating properties of an Aloe vera-based extract of Nerium oleander leaves

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Benson KF

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Kathleen F Benson,1 Robert A Newman,2,3 Gitte S Jensen1 1NIS Labs, Klamath Falls, OR, 2Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 3Nerium Biotechnology Inc, San Antonio, TX, USA Objective: To evaluate a blend of two natural ingredients on immune parameters relevant for their current topical use and potential support of microcirculation in skin tissue. Materials and methods: A blend (BL of Aloe vera-based Nerium oleander extract (NAE-8i, oleandrin-free and hydrolyzed water-soluble egg membrane (WSEM was applied to human whole-blood cultures for 24 hours, with each separate ingredient serving as a control. Immune-cell subsets were analyzed for expression levels of the activation markers CD69 and CD25. Culture supernatants were analyzed for cytokines, chemokines, and immunoregulating peptides. Results: BL increased CD69 expression on lymphocytes, monocytes, and CD3–CD56+ natural killer cells, and CD25 expression on natural killer cells. The number of CD69+CD25+ lymphocytes increased in cultures treated with BL and the separate ingredients. BL triggered production of multiple cytokines and chemokines, where CC chemokines MIP1α and MIP3α, as well as cytokines involved in wound healing – Groα, Groβ, ENA78, and fractalkine – reached levels manyfold above treatment with either NAE-8i or WSEM alone. Conclusion: Data on BL showed that WSEM strongly enhanced NAE-8i’s effects on immunoactivation in vitro. This has potential relevance for support of immunity in skin tissue, including antibacterial and antiviral defense mechanisms, wrinkle reduction, and wound care. Keywords: chemokines, cytokines, leukocyte activation

Pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses in rabbits with gram-negative pneumonia.

Science.gov (United States)

Fox-Dewhurst, R; Alberts, M K; Kajikawa, O; Caldwell, E; Johnson, M C; Skerrett, S J; Goodman, R B; Ruzinski, J T; Wong, V A; Chi, E Y; Martin, T R

1997-06-01

The major goals of this study were to define the relationships between intrapulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses in animals with gram-negative pneumonia. We treated rabbits with intrapulmonary Escherichia coli (1 x 10(7) to 1 x 10(10) cfu/ml), and then measured physiologic, cellular, and molecular events in the lungs and systemic circulation for 24 h. The treatment protocols resulted in groups of animals that mimicked the stages of the septic inflammatory response in humans. Animals treated with low inocula had systemic changes consistent with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and cleared the bacteria and inflammatory products from the lungs. Animals treated with high inocula failed to clear bacteria from the lungs, had severe intrapulmonary inflammatory responses, and developed septic shock. Intrapulmonary leukocyte recruitment was directly related to the size of the bacterial inoculum, but lung protein accumulation was not. Tumor neurosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and GRO were detectable in lung lavage fluid at 4 h and declined by 24 h in animals that cleared intrapulmonary E. coli. In contrast, lavage TNF-alpha, IL-8, and GRO increased over 24 h in animals that failed to clear intrapulmonary bacteria. MCP-1 increased between 4 h and 24 h in the lungs of all of the animals as the histologic response evolved from neutrophilic to mononuclear cell predominance. Thus, the intensity of systemic inflammatory and physiologic responses to intrapulmonary gram-negative infection depends on the inoculum size and whether the bacteria are cleared from or proliferate in the lungs. The results provide experimental support for the recently proposed classification of septic responses in humans.

Predictive models for monitoring and analysis of the total zooplankton

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Obradović Milica

2014-01-01

Full Text Available In recent years, modeling and prediction of total zooplankton abundance have been performed by various tools and techniques, among which data mining tools have been less frequent. The purpose of this paper is to automatically determine the dependency degree and the influence of physical, chemical and biological parameters on the total zooplankton abundance, through design of the specific data mining models. For this purpose, the analysis of key influencers was used. The analysis is based on the data obtained from the SeLaR information system - specifically, the data from the two reservoirs (Gruža and Grošnica with different morphometric characteristics and trophic state. The data is transformed into optimal structure for data analysis, upon which, data mining model based on the Naïve Bayes algorithm is constructed. The results of the analysis imply that in both reservoirs, parameters of groups and species of zooplankton have the greatest influence on the total zooplankton abundance. If these inputs (group and zooplankton species are left out, differences in the impact of physical, chemical and other biological parameters in dependences of reservoirs can be noted. In the Grošnica reservoir, analysis showed that the temporal dimension (months, nitrates, water temperature, chemical oxygen demand, chlorophyll and chlorides, had the key influence with strong relative impact. In the Gruža reservoir, key influence parameters for total zooplankton are: spatial dimension (location, water temperature and physiological groups of bacteria. The results show that the presented data mining model is usable on any kind of aquatic ecosystem and can also serve for the detection of inputs which could be the basis for the future analysis and modeling.

Study of the precision of the gamma-ray burst source locations obtained with the Ulysses/PVO/CGRO network

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cline, T.L.; Hurley, K.C.; Sommer, M.; Boer, M.; Niel, M.; Fishman, G.; Kouveliotou, C.; Meegan, C.; Paciesas, W.S.; Wilson, R.B.; Laros, J.G.; Klebesadel, R.W.

1994-01-01

The interplanetary gamma-ray burst network of the Ulysses, Compton-GRO, and Pioneer-Venus Orbiter missions has made source localizations with fractional-arc-minute precision for a number of events, and with auxiliary data, will provide useful annular-segment loci for many more. These studies have, thus far, yielded one possible counterpart, a Rosat x-ray association with the 92 May 1 burst. Similar to the historic 1978 November 19 burst/Einstein association, this possibility gives hope that network studies will provide a fundamental source clue for 'classical' bursts, just as a second supernova remnant in a network-defined source field has done for sgr events

Augmented Reality – Neue Möglichkeiten für Bibliotheken, Services für Kunden einfach darzustellen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sabine Wolf

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Augmented Reality (AR ist eine der Technologien, der nach dem Gartners Hype Lifecycle 2011 in den nächsten 5-10 Jahren eine große Nutzung vorhergesagt wird. Der nachfolgende Artikel beschreibt die Funktionsweise von AR und beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie AR Bibliotheken bei der Visualisierung ihrer Angebote helfen kann.Abstract (english: Augemented Reality ist one of the technologies, which use is, based on the Gartners Hype Lifecycle 2011, in the next 5 -10 years increasing. The following article is describing the functionality of AR and is dealing with the question how AR can help libraries with visualising their services.

Bestandsvisualisierung in Bibliotheken

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Janine Saß

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Bibliotheken stehen seit jeher vor der Aufgabe, große Datenmengen zu verwalten und diese den Nutzern zugänglich zu machen. Bestandsvisualisierungen bieten dazu neue Potenziale, diese Aufgabe zu bewältigen und die Informationsrecherche, Ergebnisdarstellung und -analyse bibliografischer Bestandsdaten zu optimieren. Der folgende Artikel zeigt anhand verschiedener Beispiele aus dem bibliothekarischen Kontext, dass Bestandsvisualisierungen in der Lage sind, Zusammenhänge darzustellen, explorative Suchstrategien zu fördern und Kontextualisierungen zu ermöglichen. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse aus der Analyse der Beispiele fließen anschließend in die Konzeption einer eigenen Visualisierung in Form eines bibliothekarischen Katalog-Interfaces.

Peniskarzinom mit exulzerierten Lymphknotenmetastasen links inguinal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Presich K

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Im Oktober 2001 wurde ein 53jähriger Patient mit ausgedehnten exulzerierten Lymphknotenmetastasen rechts inguinal an einer auswärtigen chirurgischen Abteilung vorgestellt. Im Rahmen der Durchuntersuchung fand sich eine verhärtete, von einem nicht retrahierbaren Präputium verdeckte Glans als mögliches Primum. Eine Circumcision sowie Biopsie aus der Glans ergaben das histologische Ergebnis eines invasiven, schwach verhornenden Plattenepithelkarzinoms mittleren Differenzierungsgrades (G2-G3. In einer Unterbauch-Computertomographie wurde rechts inguinal ein ausgedehnter, ca. 10 cm messender, teils solider, teils nekrotischer Prozeß, bis an die großen Gefäße heranreichend, beschrieben. Die linke Leiste war unauffällig.

Ultra high energy gamma rays and observations with CYGNUS/MILAGRO

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weeks, D.D.; Yodh, G.B.

1992-01-01

This talk discusses high-energy observations of the Crab pulsar/nebula and the pulsar in the X-ray binary, Hercules X-1, and makes the case for continued observations with ground-based γ-ray detectors. The CYGNUS Air Shower Array has a wide field of view on monitors several astrophysical γ-ray sources at the same time, many of which are prime objects observed by the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) and air Cerenkov telescopes. This array and the future MILAGRO Water Cerenkov Detector can perform observations that are simultaneous with similar experiments to provide confirmation of emission, and can measure source spectra at a range of high energies previously unexplored

Gamma-Ray Imaging Spectrometer (GRIS): a new balloon-borne experiment for gamma-ray line astronomy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Teegarden, B.J.; Cline, T.L.; Gehrels, N.; Porreca, G.; Tueller, J.; Leventhal, M.; Huters, A.F.; Maccallum, C.J.; Stang, P.D.; Sandia Labs., Albuquerque, NM)

1985-01-01

High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy is a relatively new field that holds great promise for further understanding of high energy astrophysical processes. When the high resolution gamma-ray spectrometer (GRSE) was removed from the GRO payload, a balloon program was initiated to permit continued development and improvement of instrumentation in this field, as well as continued scientific observations. The Gamma-Ray Imaging Spectrometer (GRIS) is one of the experiments selected as part of this program. The instrument contains a number of new and innovative features that are expected to produce a significant improvement in source location accuracy and sensitivity over previous balloon and satellite experiments

Ist die Gesangskomplexita¨t der Amsel in einem intrasexuellen Kontext von Bedeutung?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hesler, Nana; Sacher, T.; Coppack, T.

Vogelgesang wird fu¨r ein sexuell selektiertes Merkmal gehalten, das sowohl im inter- als auch im intrasexuellen Kontext eine Rolle spielt. Dabei nimmt man an, dass der Grad der Gesangskomplexita¨t ein ehrliches Signal fu¨r die Qualita¨t des Sa¨ngers darstellt. Bei Arten, die u¨ber ein gewisses...... Repertoire verschiedener Gesangsmuster verfu¨gen (z.B. verschiedener Strophentypen), stellt die Repertoiregro¨ße ein mo¨gliches Maß der Gesangskomplexita¨t dar. Die Amsel Turdus merula verfu¨gt u¨ber ein großes gesangliches Repertoire mit komplexem Aufbau ohne festgelegte Strophentypen. Dieses Repertoire...

Pentalum SpiDAR Deployment at SWiFT FY17.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Westergaard, Carsten [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Pol, Suhas [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Pereira, Tassia [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Castillo, Ricardo [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

2016-12-01

The Texas Tech University ( TTU ) research group is actively studying the wake development of wind turbines, as part of developing innovative wake control strategies to improve the performance of wind farms. Recently, the team received a set of five new gro und lidars to perform field measurements at the Sandia National Laboratories SWiFT site. This document describes tests details including configurations, timeframe, hardware, and the required collaboration from the Sandia team. This test plan will facili tate the coordination between both TTU and the Sandia team in terms of site accessibility, staff training, and data sharing to meet the specific objectives of the tests.

Sensitivity enhancement in NMR of macromolecules by application of optimal control theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frueh, Dominique P.; Ito, Takuhiro; Li, J.-S.; Wagner, Gerhard; Glaser, Steffen J.; Khaneja, Navin

2005-01-01

NMR of macromolecules is limited by large transverse relaxation rates. In practice, this results in low efficiency of coherence transfer steps in multidimensional NMR experiments, leading to poor sensitivity and long acquisition times. The efficiency of coherence transfer can be maximized by design of relaxation optimized pulse sequences using tools from optimal control theory. In this paper, we demonstrate that this approach can be adopted for studies of large biological systems, such as the 800 kDa chaperone GroEL. For this system, the 1 H- 15 N coherence transfer module presented here yields an average sensitivity enhancement of 20-25% for cross-correlated relaxation induced polarization transfer (CRIPT) experiments

An improved method to unravel phosphoacceptors in Ser/Thr protein kinase-phosphorylated substrates.

Science.gov (United States)

Molle, Virginie; Leiba, Jade; Zanella-Cléon, Isabelle; Becchi, Michel; Kremer, Laurent

2010-11-01

Identification of the phosphorylated residues of bacterial Ser/Thr protein kinase (STPK) substrates still represents a challenging task. Herein, we present a new strategy allowing the rapid determination of phosphoacceptors in kinase substrates, essentially based on the dual expression of the kinase with its substrate in the surrogate E. coli, followed by MS analysis in a single-step procedure. The performance of this strategy is illustrated using two distinct proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis as model substrates, the GroEL2 and HspX chaperones. A comparative analysis with a standard method that includes mass spectrometry analysis of in vitro phosphorylated substrates is also addressed.

Geschichtlicher Überblick

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Bölke, Klaus-Peter

Die Nachweise einer schadlosen Ableitung von Abwässern lassen sich bis weit in die Vergangenheit zurückverfolgen. Sie waren bereits zur damaligen Zeit eine Forderung zur Pflege der öffentlichen Reinlichkeit. Der Kanalisationsbau ist auch immer ein Ausdruck der Kultur eines Volkes gewesen. So kann festgestellt werden, dass im Zusammenhang mit der Hochkultur eines Volkes auch der Kanalbau ein vorherrschendes Thema war. Der Kanalbau steht auch in einem engen Zusammenhang mit dem Wasserleitungsbau. Es ist nur logisch, dass dort wo Wasser teilweise aus großer Entfernung herangeführt worden ist, dieses dann nach Gebrauch auch wieder schadlos beseitigt werden musste.

[Medical doctors as the state presidents and prime ministers--a biographical analysis].

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Lass, Piotr; Szarszewski, Adam; Gaworska-Krzemińska, Aleksandra; Sławek, Jarosław

2012-01-01

The authors overviewed the biographies of 29 medical doctors who became the heads of the state or the prime ministers of their countries. Most of them ruled in a countries of fresh or unstable democracies, most often in Asia, Africa and Latin America, three of them were bloody dictators. With the exemptions of Georges Clemenceau and Sun-Yat-Sen they were not famous as historical figures, although some were good administrators like the prime minister of Norway, Gro Harlem Brundtland, Malayan prime minister Mahatir bin Mohamad, Brasilian and Chilean presidents, Juscelino Kubitschek and Veronica Bachelet. Regarding specialisation was mostly general medics or they specialised in public health.

76 FR 39812 - Scotts Miracle-Gro Co.; Regulatory Status of Kentucky Bluegrass Genetically Engineered for...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-07

... engineered for herbicide tolerance without the use of plant pest components, does not meet the definition of... Environmental Analysis Branch, Biotechnology Regulatory Services, APHIS, 4700 River Road, Unit 147, Riverdale... introduction of a plant pest or noxious weed into the United States or dissemination of a plant pest or noxious...

Medidas comparativas do padrão morfométrico e perfil energético de éguas Crioulas no terço final da gestação, com diferentes escores corporais

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M.O. Marchiori

2015-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo é comparar e descrever medidas morfométricas e perfil energético de éguas da raça Crioula no terço final da gestação. Foram utilizadas vinte éguas gestantes, divididas em 2 grupos conforme o escore corporal (BCS; o GrN (n=10, grupo de éguas com BCS 5 ou moderado, e GrO (n=10, grupo de éguas obesas ou BCS 9, analisadas conforme o mês de gestação (8º, 9º, 10º e 11º. Foram realizadas coletas de sangue e avaliações morfométricas mensais do peso corporal (PC, perímetro torácico (PT, perímetro abdominal (PA, altura da crista do pescoço (AC, espessura de gordura subcutânea na base da cauda (EGBC e espessura de gordura retroperitoneal (EGRP. Para avaliar o perfil energético, foram mensurados os níveis séricos de triglicerídeos (TAG, ácidos graxos não esterificados (NEFA, Leptina (LEP e Adiponectina. Os resultados das mensurações analisadas demonstraram no GrN incremento (P<0,05 nas variáveis PC, PT, PA e NEFA do 8º para o 9º mês de gestação. Porém, na variável EGBC, o aumento (P<0,01 foi observado entre o 8º e o 11º mês avaliado. No GrO, o PA demonstrou incremento (P<0,01 entre o 8º e o 11º mês de gestação, e a LEP apresentou aumento (P<0,05 entre o 10º e o 11º mês. Quando os dois grupos foram comparados, as variáveis PC, PT, EGBC e EGRP apresentaram diferença (P<0,05 em todos os meses avaliados. Na análise de correlação, o BCS associou-se com o PC (r=0,691; P<0,0001, PT (r=0,705; P<0,0001, EGBC (r=0,701; P<0,0001, EGRP (r=0,627; P<0,0001, níveis séricos de LEP (r=0,426; P<0,0001 e Adiponectina (r=0,217; P<0,05. Dessa forma, pode-se afirmar que a gordura corporal aumentou progressivamente nas éguas do GrN, diferentemente do observado no GrO. Através dos métodos utilizados neste trabalho, torna-se possível a avaliação prática da morfometria das éguas da raça Crioula no terço final da gestação, possibilitando de forma objetiva a identificação de indiv

Antibody reactivity against Helicobacter pylori proteins in a sample of the Spanish adult population in 2008-2013.

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Fernández-de-Larrea, Nerea; Michel, Angelika; Romero, Beatriz; Butt, Julia; Pawlita, Michael; Pérez-Gómez, Beatriz; Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma; Moreno, Victor; Martín, Vicente; Amiano, Pilar; Castilla, Jesús; Fernández-Tardón, Guillermo; Dierssen-Sotos, Trinidad; Clofent, Juan; Alguacil, Juan; Huerta, José María; Jiménez-Moleón, José Juan; Barricarte, Aurelio; Molinuevo, Amaia; Fernández-Villa, Tania; Casabonne, Delphine; Sierra, Ángeles; Kogevinas, Manolis; de Sanjosé, Silvia; Pollán, Marina; Del Campo, Rosa; Waterboer, Tim; Aragonés, Nuria

2017-10-01

Differences in Helicobacter pylori protein expression have been related to the risk of severe gastric diseases. In Spain, a marked geographic pattern in gastric cancer mortality has long been reported. To characterize antibody reactivity patterns against 16 H. pylori proteins, by age, sex, and region of birth, in a large sample of the Spanish adult population. Antibody reactivity was quantified by H. pylori multiplex serology in a sample from the control group of the multicase-control study MCC-Spain. For this analysis, 2555 population-based controls were included. Each participant was classified as seropositive or seronegative for each protein according to specific cutoffs. Overall H. pylori seroprevalence was defined as positivity against ≥4 proteins. Descriptive analyses by age, sex, and region of birth were performed for both seroprevalence and seroreactivity (continuous measure). Differences among groups were tested by logistic and linear regression models. Overall H. pylori seroprevalence increased with age in both sexes. For ages 55-74, seroprevalence was lower in women than in men (84% vs 92%, Ppylori seropositive subjects, proteins with the highest seroprevalence were GroEL, NapA, HP231, and Omp. Seropositivity for most of the proteins increased or remained stable with age, rising mainly for CagA, GroEL, and HyuA in women. A clear cohort effect was not observed. This is the first study to describe the antibody patterns against 16 H. pylori proteins in the Spanish population. We found variability in the H. pylori antibody profiles according to both individual factors such as age and sex, and environmental factors such as the region of birth. The slightness of the reduction in seropositivity with decreasing age highlights the ongoing importance of this infection. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

High-speed AFM for Studying Dynamic Biomolecular Processes

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Ando, Toshio

2008-03-01

Biological molecules show their vital activities only in aqueous solutions. It had been one of dreams in biological sciences to directly observe biological macromolecules (protein, DNA) at work under a physiological condition because such observation is straightforward to understanding their dynamic behaviors and functional mechanisms. Optical microscopy has no sufficient spatial resolution and electron microscopy is not applicable to in-liquid samples. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can visualize molecules in liquids at high resolution but its imaging rate was too low to capture dynamic biological processes. This slow imaging rate is because AFM employs mechanical probes (cantilevers) and mechanical scanners to detect the sample height at each pixel. It is quite difficult to quickly move a mechanical device of macroscopic size with sub-nanometer accuracy without producing unwanted vibrations. It is also difficult to maintain the delicate contact between a probe tip and fragile samples. Two key techniques are required to realize high-speed AFM for biological research; fast feedback control to maintain a weak tip-sample interaction force and a technique to suppress mechanical vibrations of the scanner. Various efforts have been carried out in the past decade to materialize high-speed AFM. The current high-speed AFM can capture images on video at 30-60 frames/s for a scan range of 250nm and 100 scan lines, without significantly disturbing week biomolecular interaction. Our recent studies demonstrated that this new microscope can reveal biomolecular processes such as myosin V walking along actin tracks and association/dissociation dynamics of chaperonin GroEL-GroES that occurs in a negatively cooperative manner. The capacity of nanometer-scale visualization of dynamic processes in liquids will innovate on biological research. In addition, it will open a new way to study dynamic chemical/physical processes of various phenomena that occur at the liquid-solid interfaces.

Umgang mit Antithrombotika bei Operationen an der Haut vor und nach Publikation der entsprechenden S3-Leitlinie.

Science.gov (United States)

Gaskins, Matthew; Dittmann, Martin; Eisert, Lisa; Werner, Ricardo Niklas; Dressler, Corinna; Löser, Christoph; Nast, Alexander

2018-03-01

Laut einer Befragung im Jahre 2012 war der Umgang mit Antithrombotika bei dermatochirurgischen Eingriffen in Deutschland sehr heterogen. 2014 wurde erstmals eine evidenzbasierte Leitlinie zu diesem Thema veröffentlicht. Es wurde eine anonyme Befragung derselben Stichprobe zum Umgang mit Antithrombotika sowie zu Kenntnissen der Leitlinie durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse wurden als relative Häufigkeiten berichtet und denen aus 2012 gegenübergestellt. 208 Antwortbögen wurden ausgewertet (Rücklaufquote: 36,6 %). Die große Mehrheit der Dermatologen erklärte, kleinere Eingriffe unter Fortführung der Therapie mit Phenprocoumon, niedrig dosierter Acetylsalicylsäure (≤ 100 mg) und Clopidogrel sowie mit direkten oralen Antikoagulanzien durchzuführen. Bei größeren Eingriffen war der Umgang hingegen weiterhin heterogen, insbesondere unter niedergelassenen Dermatologen. Der Anteil der Dermatologen, die Phenprocoumon, Acetylsalicylsäure und Clopidogrel leitlinienkonform verwendeten, hat sich insgesamt vergrößert. Führten 2012 beispielsweise 53,8 % der Klinikärzte bzw. 36,3 % der niedergelassenen Dermatologen eine große Exzision unter Fortführung der Therapie mit niedrig dosierter Acetylsalicylsäure durch, taten dies 2017 90,2 % bzw. 57,8 % (Phenprocoumon: 33,8 % bzw. 11,9 % auf 63,9 % bzw. 29,9 %; Clopidogrel: 36,9 % bzw. 23,2 % auf 63,9 % bzw. 30,6 %). Unter den Klinikärzten war ein hoher Anteil mit der Leitlinie vertraut und fand diese hilfreich. Eine Zunahme des leitlinienkonformen Verhaltens war bei allen Eingriffen zu verzeichnen. Bei größeren Eingriffen zeigte sich trotz deutlicher Verbesserung die Notwendigkeit verstärkter Anstrengungen zur Leitlinienumsetzung bzw. zur Identifizierung von Implementierungsbarrieren. © 2018 Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG). Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Primed Mycobacterial Uveitis (PMU): Histologic and Cytokine Characterization of a Model of Uveitis in Rats.

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Pepple, Kathryn L; Rotkis, Lauren; Van Grol, Jennifer; Wilson, Leslie; Sandt, Angela; Lam, Deborah L; Carlson, Eric; Van Gelder, Russell N

2015-12-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the histologic features and cytokine profiles of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and a primed mycobacterial uveitis (PMU) model in rats. In Lewis rats, EAU was induced by immunization with interphotoreceptor binding protein peptide, and PMU was induced by immunization with a killed mycobacterial extract followed by intravitreal injection of the same extract. Clinical course, histology, and the cytokine profiles of the aqueous and vitreous were compared using multiplex bead fluorescence immunoassays. Primed mycobacterial uveitis generates inflammation 2 days after intravitreal injection and resolves spontaneously 14 days later. CD68+ lymphocytes are the predominant infiltrating cells and are found in the anterior chamber, surrounding the ciliary body and in the vitreous. In contrast to EAU, no choroidal infiltration or retinal destruction is noted. At the day of peak inflammation, C-X-C motif ligand 10 (CXCL10), IL-1β, IL-18, and leptin were induced in the aqueous of both models. Interleukin-6 was induced 2-fold in the aqueous of PMU but not EAU. Cytokines elevated in the aqueous of EAU exclusively include regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine (LIX), growth-related oncogene/keratinocyte chemokine (GRO/KC), VEGF, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), and IL-17A. In the vitreous, CXCL10, GRO/KC, RANTES, and MIP-1α were elevated in both models. Interleukin-17A and IL-18 were elevated exclusively in EAU. Primed mycobacterial uveitis generates an acute anterior and intermediate uveitis without retinal involvement. Primed mycobacterial uveitis has a distinct proinflammatory cytokine profile compared with EAU, suggesting PMU is a good complementary model for study of immune-mediated uveitis. CXCL10, a proinflammatory cytokine, was increased in the aqueous and vitreous of both models and may be a

Sensitivity to acetic acid, ability to colonize abiotic surfaces and virulence potential of Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e after incubation on parsley leaves.

Science.gov (United States)

Rieu, A; Guzzo, J; Piveteau, P

2010-02-01

To investigate how the survival of Listeria monocytogenes on parsley leaves may affect its ability to sustain process-related harsh conditions and its virulence. Parsley seedlings were spot inoculated with stationary phase cells of L. monocytogenes EGD-e and incubated for 15 days. Each day, bacterial cells were harvested and enumerated, and their ability to survive acetic acid challenge (90 min, pH 4.0), to colonize abiotic surfaces and to grow as biofilms was assessed. After a 3-log decrease over the first 48 h, the population stabilized to about 10(6) CFU g(-1) until the sixth day. After the sixth day, L. monocytogenes was no longer detected, even after specific enrichment. Incubation on parsley leaves affected the ability of L. monocytogenes to survive acetic acid challenge (90 min, pH 4.0) and to adhere to stainless steel although the ability to grow as biofilm was preserved. To further investigate these physiological alterations, the mRNA levels of six target genes (bsh, clpC, groEL, inlA, opuC, prfA) was quantified using reverse transcription qPCR after 5 h of incubation on parsley leaves. A decrease was observed in all but one (bsh) target, including groEL and clpC which are involved in resistance to salt and acid. Moreover, the decrease in the levels of inlA, prfA and opuC transcripts after incubation on parsley suggested a repression of some genes involved in pathogenicity. In vitro assessment of mammalian cell adherence and invasion using Caco-2 cells confirmed the repression of the virulence factor InlA; however, the virulence potential in vivo in the chick embryo model was not affected. Listeria monocytogenes did undergo rapid changes to adapt its physiology to the phyllosphere. This study highlights the physiological changes undergone by L. monocytogenes during/after survival on parsley leaves.

First occurrence of western corn root worm beetles in the federal states Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany, 2011

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Dicke, Dominik

2014-02-01

Full Text Available In 2011, western corn root worm beetles were detected in the federal states Hesse (Groß-Gerau and Rhineland-Palatinate (Bodenheim for the first time. Control measures based on commission decision 2003/766/EG (Byrne, 2003 were conducted after detection in PAL-traps. Focus and safety zones were established. In Hesse, both focus and safety zones were treated with the insecticide Biscaya, due to the high number of 50 beetles which were detected in the PAL-traps. Since in Rhineland-Palatinate, only one beetle had been captured, only the focus zone was treated with the insecticide. After insecticide treatment, new PAL-traps were arranged like a close grid over the infested areas in both federal states. In each maize field in the focus- and safety zone further traps were placed and checked weekly until September 30th by supporting staff. Until the end of the monitoring in 2011 (September 30th further beetles were detected in the south of the area (district of Groß-Gerau, Hesse, were the first infestation had been discovered. However, in Rhineland-Palatinate no further beetles were detected that year. By the end of the monitoring 354 beetles in Hesse and one beetle in Rhineland-Palatinate had been captured in total. Subsequently the demarked zones in Hesse were extended. Taking into account the local circumstances, the new focus zone was delimited to include all the areas where beetles had been detected as well as the surrounding maize fields. In the focus zones the cultivation of maize was forbidden for the consecutive two years and a crop rotation with at least 50 percent maize was established in the safety zones. In 2012 no further beetles were captured in the infested region.