Trapping processes in CaS:Eu2+,Tm3+

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jia, Dongdong; Jia, Weiyi; Evans, D. R.; Dennis, W. M.; Liu, Huimin; Zhu, Jing; Yen, W. M.

2000-01-01

CaS:Eu 2+ ,Tm 3+ is a persistent red phosphor. Thermoluminescence was measured under different excitation and thermal treatment conditions. The results reveal that the charge defects, created by substituting Tm 3+ for Ca 2+ , serve as hole traps for the afterglow at room temperature. Tm 3+ plays the role of deep electron trapping centers, capturing electrons either through the conduction band or directly from the excited Eu 2+ ions. These two processes, in which two different sites of Tm 3+ are involved, correspond to two traps with different depths. (c) 2000 American Institute of Physics

Magnetism, structures and stabilities of cluster assembled TM@Si nanotubes (TM = Cr, Mn and Fe): a density functional study.

Science.gov (United States)

Dhaka, Kapil; Bandyopadhyay, Debashis

2016-08-02

The present study reports transition metal (TM = Cr, Mn and Fe) doped silicon nanotubes with tunable band structures and magnetic properties by careful selection of cluster assemblies as building blocks using the first-principles density functional theory. We found that the transition metal doping and in addition, the hydrogen termination process can stabilize the pure silicon nanoclusters or cluster assemblies and then it could be extended as magnetic nanotubes with finite magnetic moments. Study of the band structures and density of states (DOS) of different empty and TM doped nanotubes (Type 1 to Type 4) show that these nanotubes are useful as metals, semiconductors, semi-metals and half-metals. These designer magnetic materials could be useful in spintronics and magnetic devices of nanoscale order.

Afterglow properties of CaF2:Tm nanoparticles and its potential application in photodynamic therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zahedifar, M.; Sadeghi, E.; Shanei, M.M.; Sazgarnia, A.; Mehrabi, M.

2016-01-01

CaF 2 :Tm nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Intense afterglow emission with long life time was found for the produced NPs, so its applicability in photodynamic therapy was investigated. Since the wavelength of the afterglow emission of the NPs fairly matches with the absorption band of the PpIX sensitizer, especially in the red region, the Cystein mediator was used to bond NPs with the PpIX sensitizer. The CaF 2 :Tm NPs conjugated with PpIX was exposed to X-ray and by using the Antracene as detector, the production of the singlet oxygen was verified. Therefore, the produced NPs are recommended as a source of energy that improves photodynamic therapy beyond its current limitations. - Highlights: • Intense afterglow emission found for the synthesized CaF 2 :Tm nanoparticles. • CaF 2 :Tm emission band fairly matched with PpIX sensitizer's absorption band. • CaF 2 :Tm conjugated with the sensitized is a good candidate for photodynamic therapy. • The application of nanoparticles in producing singlet oxygen was verified.

Optical properties of GaS:Ho3+ and GaS:Tm3+ single crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jin, Moon-Seog; Kim, Chang-Dae; Kim, Wha-Tek

2004-01-01

GaS:Ho 3+ and GaS:Tm 3+ single crystals were grown by using the chemical transport reaction method. We measured the optical absorption, the infra-red absorption, and the photoluminescence spectra of the single crystals. The direct and the indirect energy band gaps of the single crystals at 13 K were identified. Infra-red absorption peaks at 6 K appeared in the single crystals. Broad emission bands at 6 K were observed at 464 nm and 580 nm for GaS:Ho 3+ and 462 nm and 581 nm for GaS:Tm 3+ . These broad emission bands were identified as originating from donor-acceptor pair recombinations. Sharp emission peak groups were observed near 435 nm, 495 nm, and 660 nm for GaS:Ho 3+ and near 672 nm for GaS:Tm 3+ . These sharp emission peak groups were identified as being due to the electron transitions between the energy levels of Ho 3+ and Tm 3+ . Especially, white photoluminescence was obtained in the GaS:Ho 3+ single crystal.

VUV spectroscopy of Tm3+ and Mn2+ doped LiSrAlF6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

True, M.; Kirm, M.; Negodine, E.; Vielhauer, S.; Zimmerer, G.

2004-01-01

LiSrAlF 6 (LiSAF) crystals doped with either Tm 3+ or Mn 2+ were obtained by solid-state reaction and investigated spectroscopically using synchrotron radiation in the vacuum-ultra-violet and ultra-violet spectral regions. In the Tm 3+ doped LiSAF crystals, the slow spin-forbidden 5d-4f emission peaking at 166 nm with a lifetime of at least 1 μs was observed. The respective excitation spectrum consists of several bands in the range of 160-110 nm arising due to the 4f-5d absorption. The f-f emissions of Tm 3+ are well excited in the range of 135-110 nm, but not under excitation into the lower lying d-bands. The excitation mechanisms of different emissions will be discussed including the F - to Tm 3+ charge transfer excitation peaking at 127 nm in LiSAF. The characteristic broad 4 T 1 → 6 A 1 emission band of Mn 2+ peaking at 508 (504) nm was observed in LiSAF:Mn 2+ crystal at 10 (300) K. Three intense excitation bands, tentatively ascribed to the 3d-4s transitions of Mn 2+ , were revealed in the range of 170-110 nm

Luminescence properties of Tm3+ ions single-doped YF3 materials in an unconventional excitation region.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Yuan; Liu, Qing; Lin, Han; Yan, Xiaohong

2018-05-01

According to the spectral distribution of solar radiation at the earth's surface, under the excitation region of 1150 to 1350 nm, the up-conversion luminescence of Tm 3+ ions was investigated. The emission bands were matched well with the spectral response region of silicon solar cells, achieved by Tm 3+ ions single-doped yttrium fluoride (YF 3 ) phosphor, which was different from the conventional Tm 3+ /Yb 3+ ion couple co-doped materials. Additionally, the similar emission bands of Tm 3+ ions were achieved under excitation in the ultraviolet region. It is expected that via up-conversion and down-conversion routes, Tm 3+ -sensitized materials could convert photons to the desired wavelengths in order to reduce the energy loss of silicon solar cells, thereby enhancing the photovoltaic efficiency. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Emission characteristics of the Yb3+-sensitized Tm3+-doped optical fiber upon pumping with infrared LED

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Htein, Lin; Fan, Weiwei; Han, Won-Taek

2014-01-01

Near infrared emissions at 975, 1040 and 1450 nm of the Yb 3+ -sensitized Tm 3+ -doped optical fiber were obtained upon simultaneous excitation of Yb 3+ and Tm 3+ ions using the infrared LED. -- Highlights: • A novel pumping scheme for 1450 nm emission from 3 H 4 → 3 F 4 transition of Tm was demonstrated. • The absorption bands of Yb and Tm located within 690–970 nm were simultaneously excited with the IR LED. • Near infrared emissions at 975, 1040 and 1450 nm were obtained. • The Yb 3+ /Tm 3+ -codoped fiber showed the good spectroscopic quality and the increase of radiative lifetime of 3 H 4 level. • This LED pumping scheme can be useful for low-cost S-band fiber laser/amplifier applications

Bright white upconversion luminescence from Er3+/Tm3+/Yb3+-doped titanate-based glasses prepared by aerodynamic levitation method

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Minghui; Yu, Jianding; Jiang, Wan; Liu, Yan; Ai, Fei; Wen, Haiqin; Jiang, Meng; Yu, Huimei; Pan, Xiuhong; Tang, Meibo; Gai, Lijun

2017-10-01

Aerodynamic levitation method was employed to prepare Er3+/Tm3+/Yb3+-doped titanate-based glasses. DTA results show that the glass performs high thermal stability with the glass transition temperature of 799 °C. The interaction among rare earth ions has been discussed by adjusting the relative concentration. Er3+ ions can quench the upconversion luminescence of Tm3+ ions. Tm3+ ions play a strong role in quenching the emissions of Er3+ and Tm3+ when the content of Tm3+ ions is greater than or equal 0.05. From the view of the ratio of red emission to green emission, Tm3+ ions can improve the red emission of Er3+ ions to some extent in contrast with the green emissions of Er3+ ions. 980 nm incident laser can be efficiently absorbed by Yb3+ ions. The relative intensity of red, green, and blue upconversion luminescence has been tuned to obtain white light. The composition with white upconversion luminescence of the color coordinate (0.291, 0.3292) has been found. Moreover, white upconversion luminescence mechanism is a two-photon process of ET, ESA, and cooperative sensitization. Rare earth ions doped titanate-based glasses with bright upconversion luminescence perform potential applications in color display, back light, et al.

Afterglow properties of CaF{sub 2}:Tm nanoparticles and its potential application in photodynamic therapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zahedifar, M., E-mail: zhdfr@kashanu.ac.ir [Physics Department, University of Kashan, Kashan, I.R. Iran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechniology, University of Kashan, Kashan, I.R. Iran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Sadeghi, E. [Physics Department, University of Kashan, Kashan, I.R. Iran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechniology, University of Kashan, Kashan, I.R. Iran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Shanei, M.M. [Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechniology, University of Kashan, Kashan, I.R. Iran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Sazgarnia, A. [Research Center and Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Vakil Abad Blvd., Mashhad (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Mehrabi, M. [Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechniology, University of Kashan, Kashan, I.R. Iran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2016-03-15

CaF{sub 2}:Tm nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Intense afterglow emission with long life time was found for the produced NPs, so its applicability in photodynamic therapy was investigated. Since the wavelength of the afterglow emission of the NPs fairly matches with the absorption band of the PpIX sensitizer, especially in the red region, the Cystein mediator was used to bond NPs with the PpIX sensitizer. The CaF{sub 2}:Tm NPs conjugated with PpIX was exposed to X-ray and by using the Antracene as detector, the production of the singlet oxygen was verified. Therefore, the produced NPs are recommended as a source of energy that improves photodynamic therapy beyond its current limitations. - Highlights: • Intense afterglow emission found for the synthesized CaF{sub 2}:Tm nanoparticles. • CaF{sub 2}:Tm emission band fairly matched with PpIX sensitizer's absorption band. • CaF{sub 2}:Tm conjugated with the sensitized is a good candidate for photodynamic therapy. • The application of nanoparticles in producing singlet oxygen was verified.

REGIONAL GEOLGICAL MAPPING IN TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS USING LANDSAT TM AND SRTM REMOTE SENSING DATA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Beiranvand Pour

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM data were used to produce geological maps in tropical environments. Lineament, lithology and landform maps were produced for all states in peninsular Malaysia in this study. Kedah, Perak and Terengganu states have been selected as case studies to demonstrate the results of the data and techniques used. Directional filtering technique was applied to Landsat TM bands 4, 5 and 3 for lineament mapping. The lithology map was produced using Landsat TM bands combination consist of bands 4, 3 and 2. Digital elevation model and landform map were produced using SRTM data in 3 Dimension (3D and 2 Dimension (2D perspective views, respectively. The produced geological maps and the remote sensing data and methods applied in this study are mostly appropriate for hazard risk mapping applications and mineral exploration projects in the peninsular Malaysia and tropical environments.

Band-limited Green's Functions for Quantitative Evaluation of Acoustic Emission Using the Finite Element Method

Science.gov (United States)

Leser, William P.; Yuan, Fuh-Gwo; Leser, William P.

2013-01-01

A method of numerically estimating dynamic Green's functions using the finite element method is proposed. These Green's functions are accurate in a limited frequency range dependent on the mesh size used to generate them. This range can often match or exceed the frequency sensitivity of the traditional acoustic emission sensors. An algorithm is also developed to characterize an acoustic emission source by obtaining information about its strength and temporal dependence. This information can then be used to reproduce the source in a finite element model for further analysis. Numerical examples are presented that demonstrate the ability of the band-limited Green's functions approach to determine the moment tensor coefficients of several reference signals to within seven percent, as well as accurately reproduce the source-time function.

New developed cylindrical TM010 mode EPR cavity for X-band in vivo tooth dosimetry.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guo Junwang

Full Text Available EPR tooth in vivo dosimetry is an attractive approach for initial triage after unexpected nuclear events. An X-band cylindrical TM010 mode resonant cavity was developed for in vivo tooth dosimetry and used in EPR applications for the first time. The cavity had a trapezoidal measuring aperture at the exact position of the cavity's cylindrical wall where strong microwave magnetic field H1 concentrated and weak microwave electric field E1 distributed. Theoretical calculations and simulations were used to design and optimize the cavity parameters. The cavity features were evaluated by measuring DPPH sample, intact incisor samples embed in a gum model and the rhesus monkey teeth. The results showed that the cavity worked at designed frequency and had the ability to make EPR spectroscopy in relative high sensitivity. Sufficient modulation amplitude and microwave power could be applied into the aperture. Radiation induced EPR signal could be observed remarkably from 1 Gy irradiated intact incisor within only 30 seconds, which was among the best in scan time and detection limit. The in vivo spectroscopy was also realized by acquiring the radiation induced EPR signal from teeth of rhesus monkey whose teeth was irradiated by dose of 2 Gy. The results suggested that the cavity was sensitive to meet the demand to assess doses of significant level in short time. This cavity provided a very potential option for the development of X-band in vivo dosimetry.

Structural, Electronic and Elastic Properties of Heavy Fermion YbTM2 (TM= Ir and Pt) Laves Phase Compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Pawar, H.; Shugani, M.; Aynyas, M.; Sanyal, S. P.

2018-02-01

The structural, electronic and elastic properties of YbTM2 (TM = Ir and Pt) Laves phase intermetallic compounds which crystallize in cubic (MgCu2-type) structure, have been investigated using ab-initio full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method with LDA and LDA+U approximation. The calculated ground state properties such as lattice parameter (a0), bulk modulus (B) and its pressure derivative (B‧) are in good agreement with available experimental and theoretical data. The electronic properties are analyzed from band structures and density of states. Elastic constants are predicted first time for these compounds which obey the stability criteria for cubic system.

Analysis of the quality of image data acquired by the LANDSAT-4 Thematic Mapper (TM) of the Black Hills area, South Dakota

Science.gov (United States)

Colwell, R. N. (Principal Investigator)

1983-01-01

The structure, format, and quality of the LANDSAT-4 TM and MSS photographic and digital products for one scene covering the Black Hills area of South Dakota were assessed and the extent to which major resource categories can be detected and identified on various photographic products generated from a subset of TM spectral bands and from all bands of the MSS was determined. The overall spectral, spatial, and radiometric quality of the TM data was found to be excellent. Agricultural fields of variable shape, size, and orientation were detected with relative ease. The addition of the short-wave infrared band (TM5) has significantly improved the ability to detect and identify crop types on single date imagery.

Color Tunable and Upconversion Luminescence in Yb-Tm Co-Doped Yttrium Phosphate Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Siqin; Qiu, Jianbei; Wang, Qi; Zhou, Dacheng; Yang, Zhengwen

2016-04-01

For this paper, YPO4: Tm, Yb inverse opals with the photonic band gaps at 475 nm and 655 nm were prepared by polystyrene colloidal crystal templates. We investigated the influence of photonic band gaps on the Tm-Yb upconversion emission which was in the YPO4: Tm Yb inverse opal photonic crystals. Comparing with the reference sample, significant suppression of both the blue and red upconversion luminescence of Tm3+ ions were observed in the inverse opals. The color purity of the blue emission was improved in the inverse opal by the suppression of red upconversion emission. Additionally, mechanism of upconversion emission in the inverse opal was discussed. We believe that the present work will be valuable for not only the foundational study of upconversion emission modification but also the development of new optical devices in upconversion lighting and display.

Scintillation characteristics of Tm3+ in Ca3(BO3)2 crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujimoto, Yutaka; Yanagida, Takayuki; Yokota, Yuui; Kawaguchi, Noriaki; Fukuda, Kentaro; Totsuka, Daisuke; Watanabe, Kenichi; Yamazaki, Atsushi; Yoshikawa, Akira

2011-01-01

Basic optical properties and radiation responses of undoped, Tm 3+ 1.0% and 2.0% activated Ca 3 (BO 3 ) 2 (CBO) crystalline scintillator prepared by the micro-pulling down (μ-PD) method are reported. Tm 3+ : CBO crystals showed three weak absorption bands around 190, 260 and 350 nm, owing to the Tm 3+ 4f–4f transition. Strong blue luminescence peaks at 360 and 460 nm which are ascribed to the 1 D 2 – 3 H 6 and 1 D 2 – 3 F 4 transitions of Tm 3+ respectively were observed under 241 Am 5.5 MeV α-ray excitation. The scintillation light yield of 2.0% Tm 3+ -doped CBO crystal was evaluated to be about 250 ph/n from the 252 Cf excited pulse height spectrum.

Classifying coastal resources by integrating optical and radar imagery and color infrared photography

Science.gov (United States)

Ramsey, Elijah W.; Nelson, Gene A.; Sapkota, Sijan

1998-01-01

A progressive classification of a marsh and forest system using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), color infrared (CIR) photograph, and ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data improved classification accuracy when compared to classification using solely TM reflective band data. The classification resulted in a detailed identification of differences within a nearly monotypic black needlerush marsh. Accuracy percentages of these classes were surprisingly high given the complexities of classification. The detailed classification resulted in a more accurate portrayal of the marsh transgressive sequence than was obtainable with TM data alone. Individual sensor contribution to the improved classification was compared to that using only the six reflective TM bands. Individually, the green reflective CIR and SAR data identified broad categories of water, marsh, and forest. In combination with TM, SAR and the green CIR band each improved overall accuracy by about 3% and 15% respectively. The SAR data improved the TM classification accuracy mostly in the marsh classes. The green CIR data also improved the marsh classification accuracy and accuracies in some water classes. The final combination of all sensor data improved almost all class accuracies from 2% to 70% with an overall improvement of about 20% over TM data alone. Not only was the identification of vegetation types improved, but the spatial detail of the classification approached 10 m in some areas.

Effect of Tm{sup 3+} codoping on the near-infrared and upconversion emissions of Er{sup 3+} in TeO{sub 2}–ZnO–ZnF{sub 2} glasses

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miguel, A. [Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU,Alda. Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao (Spain); Arriandiaga, M.A. [Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, Bilbao (Spain); Morea, R. [Instituto de Optica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid (Spain); Fernandez, J. [Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU,Alda. Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao (Spain); Materials Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastian (Spain); Gonzalo, J. [Instituto de Optica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid (Spain); Balda, R., E-mail: wupbacrr@bi.ehu.es [Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU,Alda. Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao (Spain); Materials Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastian (Spain)

2014-10-15

In this work, we report the near-infrared emission and upconversion of Er{sup 3+}–Tm{sup 3+} codoped fluorotellurite TeO{sub 2}–ZnO–ZnF{sub 2} glasses for different Tm{sup 3+} concentrations by using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy. A broad emission from 1350 to 1700 nm corresponding to the {sup 3}H{sub 4}→{sup 3}F{sub 4} (Tm{sup 3+}) and {sup 4}I{sub 13/2}→{sup 4}I{sub 15/2} (Er{sup 3+}) emissions which cover the complete telecommunication window of the wavelength-division-multiplexing transmission systems is observed. The full width at half-maximum of this broadband increases with increasing Tm{sup 3+}/Er{sup 3+} concentration ratio up to a value of∼150 nm. Energy transfer between Er{sup 3+} and Tm{sup 3+} ions is also observed and analyzed by both the temporal behavior of the near-infrared luminescence and the effect of Tm{sup 3+} codoping on the visible upconversion of Er{sup 3+} ions. The addition of Tm{sup 3+} reduces the upconverted green emission due to Er{sup 3+}→Tm{sup 3+} energy transfer whereas the red emission is enhanced due to the cross-relaxation {sup 3}F{sub 4}→{sup 3}H{sub 6}(Tm{sup 3+}):{sup 4}I{sub 11/2}→{sup 4}F{sub 9/2}(Er{sup 3+}) process. - Highlights: • Broadband emission covering the bands S, C+L and U of the optical telecommunications. • The effect of Tm{sup 3+} concentration were investigated in Er{sup 3+}–Tm{sup 3+} codoped fluorotellurite glasses. • Efficient Er{sup 3+}↔Tm{sup 3+} energy transfer in fluorotellurite glasses. • Increase of the red upconversion emission with Tm{sup 3+} concentration due to cross-relaxation processes.

Thermal and optical properties of Tm3+ doped tellurite glasses.

Science.gov (United States)

Ozen, G; Demirata, B; Oveçoğlu, M L; Genç, A

2001-02-01

Ultraviolet, visible (UV/VIS) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements were carried out in order to investigate the optical and thermal properties of various 0.5 mol.% Tm2O3 containing (1 - x)TeO2 + xLiCl glasses in molar ratio. The samples were prepared by fusing the mixture of their respective reagent grade powders in a platinum cricuble at 750 degrees C for 30 min. DTA curves taken in the 23-600 degrees C temperature range with a heating rate of 10 degrees C/min reveal a change in the value of the glass transition temperature, Tg, while melting was not observed for the glasses containing LiCl content less than 50 mol.%. These glasses were found to be moisture-resistant. However, the glasses with LiCl content higher than 50 mol.%, in which a melting peak was observed at Tc = 401 degrees C, were moisture-sensitive. Absorption measurements in the UV/VIS region of the glasses without Tm2O3 content show that the Urbach cutoff occurs at about 320 nm and, is relatively independent of the LiCl content. Six absorption bands were observed in the Tm2O3 doped glasses corresponding to the absorption of the 1G4, 3F2, 3F3 and 3F4, 3H5 and 3H4 levels from the 3H6 ground level of Tm3+ ions. The spectra also show that the integrated absorption cross-section of each band depends on the glass composition. Judd-Ofelt theory was used to determine the Judd-Ofelt parameters as well as the radiative transition probabilities for the metastable levels of Tm3+ ions in (0.3)LiCl + (0.7) TeO2: 0.01 Tm2O3 glass which is moisture-resistant.

Thermo-selective Tm(x)Ti(1-x)O(2-x/2) nanoparticles: from Tm-doped anatase TiO2 to a rutile/pyrochlore Tm2Ti2O7 mixture. An experimental and theoretical study with a photocatalytic application.

Science.gov (United States)

Navas, Javier; Sánchez-Coronilla, Antonio; Aguilar, Teresa; De los Santos, Desireé M; Hernández, Norge C; Alcántara, Rodrigo; Fernández-Lorenzo, Concha; Martín-Calleja, Joaquín

2014-11-07

This is an experimental and theoretical study of thulium doped TiO2 nanoparticles. From an experimental perspective, a method was used to synthesize thulium-doped TiO2 nanoparticles in which Tm(3+) replaces Ti(4+) in the lattice, which to our knowledge has neither been reported nor studied theoretically so far. Different proportions of anatase and rutile phases were obtained at different annealing temperatures, and XRD and Raman spectroscopy also revealed the presence of a pyrochlore phase (Tm2Ti2O7) at 1173 K. Thus, the structure of the Tm-doped nanoparticles was thermally-controlled. Furthermore, XPS showed the presence of Tm(3+) in the samples synthesized, which produces oxygen vacancies to maintain the local neutrality in the lattice. The presence of Tm(3+) in the samples led to changes in the UV-Vis absorption spectra, so they showed photoluminescence properties and new states in the band gap, which produce a new lower energy electronic transition than the main TiO2 one. Periodic DFT calculations were performed to understand the experimentally produced structures. The production of oxygen vacancies was analysed and the changes generated in the structure were fully detailed. The DOS and PDOS analyses confirmed the experimental results obtained using UV-Vis spectroscopy, and showed that the new electronic states in the band gap are due to interactions of the f state of Tm and the p state of O. Likewise, the charge study and the ELF analysis indicate that when Tm is introduced into the TiO2 structure, the Ti-O bond around the oxygen vacancy is strengthened. Finally, an example of a photocatalytic application was developed to show the high efficiency of the samples due to the heterojunction in the interfaces of the phases in the samples, which improved the charge separation and the good charge carrier mobility due to the presence of the pyrochlore phase, as was also shown theoretically.

Tm-doped TiO2 and Tm2Ti2O7 pyrochlore nanoparticles: enhancing the photocatalytic activity of rutile with a pyrochlore phase.

Science.gov (United States)

De Los Santos, Desiré M; Navas, Javier; Aguilar, Teresa; Sánchez-Coronilla, Antonio; Fernández-Lorenzo, Concha; Alcántara, Rodrigo; Piñero, Jose Carlos; Blanco, Ginesa; Martín-Calleja, Joaquín

2015-01-01

Tm-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using a water-controlled hydrolysis reaction. Analysis was performed in order to determine the influence of the dopant concentration and annealing temperature on the phase, crystallinity, and electronic and optical properties of the resulting material. Various characterization techniques were utilized such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. For the samples annealed at 773 and 973 K, anatase phase TiO2 was obtained, predominantly internally doped with Tm(3+). ICP-AES showed that a doping concentration of up to 5.8 atom % was obtained without reducing the crystallinity of the samples. The presence of Tm(3+) was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy: the incorporation of Tm(3+) was confirmed by the generation of new absorption bands that could be assigned to Tm(3+) transitions. Furthermore, when the samples were annealed at 1173 K, a pyrochlore phase (Tm2Ti2O7) mixed with TiO2 was obtained with a predominant rutile phase. The photodegradation of methylene blue showed that this pyrochlore phase enhanced the photocatalytic activity of the rutile phase.

Laser-induced, Er3+ trace-sensitized red-to-blue photon avalanche up-conversion in Tm3+-doped LiKYF5 crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jouart, J P; Bouffard, M; Boulma, E; Diaf, M; Vojtenko, E N; Khaidukov, N M

2005-01-01

The results for a spectroscopic study demonstrating that the excited-state absorption(ESA) of Tm 3+ :LiKYF 5 at 648nm is dependent on the purity of starting materials used for synthesizing the crystal are presented. The Er 3+ -free LiKYF 5 crystal doped with Tm 3+ is transparent at 648 nm because the majority of the Tm 3+ ions are in the ground 3 H 6 state whatever the selective excitation intensity, whereas the Er 3+ -contaminated crystal is semi-transparent. In the second case a small increase of the excitation intensity above a certain threshold produces an abrupt enhancement of the ESA process at 648 nm as well as the blue and the green emissions that are detected. All three processes, namely ESA corresponding to the 3 F 4 (2) → 1 G 4 (2) Tm 3+ transition, the blue emission due to the 1 G 4 → 3 H 6 Tm 3+ transition and the green emission from the 4 S 3/2 Er 3+ level, are sensitized with the Tm 3+ → Er 3+ → Tm 3+ energy transfers which promote the conversion of Tm 3+ ions from the 1 G 4 and the 3 H 4 states to the metastable 3 F 4 state

Crystal growth and characterization of Tm doped mixed rare-earth aluminum perovskite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Totsuka, Daisuke, E-mail: totsuka@imr.tohoku.ac.jp [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 (Japan); Nihon Kessho Kogaku Co., Ltd., 810-5 Nobe-cho, Tatebayashi, Gunma 374-0047 (Japan); Yanagida, Takayuki [New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579 (Japan); Sugiyama, Makoto; Fujimoto, Yutaka; Yokota, Yuui [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 (Japan); Yoshikawa, Akira [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 (Japan); New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579 (Japan)

2012-04-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer (Lu{sub x}Gd{sub y}Y{sub 0.99-x-y}Tm{sub 0.01})AP single crystals were grown by the {mu}-PD method. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The grown crystals were single phase with perovskite structure (Pbnm). Significant segregation of Lu and Gd was detected in the growth direction. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Some absorption bands due to Tm{sup 3+}, Gd{sup 3+} and color centers were exhibited. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Radioluminescence spectra showed several emission peaks ascribed to Tm{sup 3+} and Gd{sup 3+}. -- Abstract: In this work, we present results of structural characterization and optical properties including radio luminescence of (Lu{sub x}Gd{sub y}Y{sub 0.99-x-y}Tm{sub 0.01})AP single crystal scintillators for (x, y) = (0.30, 0.19), (0, 0.19) and (0, 0) grown by the micro-pulling-down ({mu}-PD) method. The grown crystals were single phase materials with perovskite structure (Pbnm) as confirmed by XRD and had a good crystallinity. The distribution of the crystal constituents in growth direction was evaluated, and significant segregation of Lu and Gd was detected in (Lu{sub 0.30}Gd{sub 0.19}Y{sub 0.50}Tm{sub 0.01})AP sample. The crystals demonstrated 70% transmittance in visible wavelength range and some absorption bands due to Tm{sup 3+}, Gd{sup 3+} and color centers were exhibited in 190-900 nm. The radioluminescence measurement under X-ray irradiation demonstrated several emission peaks ascribed to 4f-4f transitions of Tm{sup 3+} and Gd{sup 3+}. The ratio of emission intensity in longer wavelength range was increased when Y was replaced by Lu or Gd.

Hollow-core photonic band gap fibers for particle acceleration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robert J. Noble

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Photonic band gap (PBG dielectric fibers with hollow cores are being studied both theoretically and experimentally for use as laser driven accelerator structures. The hollow core functions as both a longitudinal waveguide for the transverse-magnetic (TM accelerating fields and a channel for the charged particles. The dielectric surrounding the core is permeated by a periodic array of smaller holes to confine the mode, forming a photonic crystal fiber in which modes exist in frequency passbands, separated by band gaps. The hollow core acts as a defect which breaks the crystal symmetry, and so-called defect, or trapped modes having frequencies in the band gap will only propagate near the defect. We describe the design of 2D hollow-core PBG fibers to support TM defect modes with high longitudinal fields and high characteristic impedance. Using as-built dimensions of industrially made fibers, we perform a simulation analysis of prototype PBG fibers with dimensions appropriate for speed-of-light TM modes.

Tilted axis rotation in odd-odd {sup 164}Tm

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reviol, W.; Riedinger, L.L.; Wang, X.Z.; Zhang, J.Y. [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)] [and others

1996-12-31

Ten band structures are observed in {sup 164}Tm, among them sets of parallel and anti-parallel couplings of the proton and neutron spins. The Tilted Axis Cranking scheme is applied for the first time to an odd-odd nucleus in a prominent region of nuclear deformation.

Cathodoluminescence and Raman characteristics of CaSO{sub 4}:Tm{sup 3+}, Cu phosphor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ekdal, E. [Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, 35100 Bornova, İzmir (Turkey); Guinea, J. Garcia [MuseoNacional Ciencias Naturales, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, Madrid 28006 (Spain); Kelemen, A. [Centre for Energy Research, Radiation Safety Laboratory, P.O. Box 49, H-1121 Budapest (Hungary); Ayvacikli, M. [Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, Muradiye, Manisa (Turkey); Canimoglu, A. [Nigde University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, Nigde (Turkey); Jorge, A. [MuseoNacional Ciencias Naturales, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, Madrid 28006 (Spain); Karali, T. [Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, 35100 Bornova, İzmir (Turkey); Can, N., E-mail: cannurdogan@yahoomail.com [Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, Muradiye, Manisa (Turkey); Physics Department, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, 45142 Jazan (Saudi Arabia)

2015-05-15

The physical characterization and phosphor emission spectra are presented for CaSO{sub 4} doped with Tm and Cu. All spectral wavelengths are related to electronic transitions of Tm{sup 3+} ions. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the compound exhibits orthorhombic structure and all reflections were indexed without any other secondary impurity phases. Chemical and structural properties of the samples have been characterized by means of Raman spectroscopy and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) with an attached X-ray energy dispersive system (EDS). Group frequencies concept is essential point to the interpretation of the bands due to the main SO{sub 4} vibrational units and these displayed main characteristic intensive Raman bands including typical strong intensity at 1016 cm{sup −1} that corresponds to ν{sub 1}SO{sub 4} vibrational mode. From the spatially-resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrum, main emission bands of Tm{sup 3+} centered at 346, 362, and 452 nm, due to the respective transitions of {sup 3}P{sub 0}→{sup 3}H{sub 4}, {sup 1}D{sub 2}→{sup 3}H{sub 6}, {sup 1}D{sub 2}→{sup 3}F{sub 4} were clearly identified. The study is novel as no such CL-ESEM data are available for this doped compound. - Highlights: • Characteristic and cathodoluminescence properties of CaSO{sub 4}:Tm{sup 3+}, Cu have been investigated. • Several sharp and strong CL emission bands due to rare earth ion were observed for rare earth doped sample. • The nature and limitation of the interaction between CaSO{sub 4} and the activator ions were discussed.

Thematic mapper studies band correlation analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Ungar, S. G.; Kiang, R.

1976-01-01

Spectral data representative of thematic mapper candidate bands 1 and 3 to 7 were obtained by selecting appropriate combinations of bands from the JSC 24 channel multispectral scanner. Of all the bands assigned, only candidate bands 4 (.74 mu to .80 mu) and 5 (.80 mu to .91 mu) showed consistently high intercorrelation from region to region and time to time. This extremely high correlation persisted when looking at the composite data set in a multitemporal, multilocation domain. The GISS investigations lend positive confirmation to the hypothesis, that TM bands 4 and 5 are redundant.

Land-cover classification in a moist tropical region of Brazil with Landsat TM imagery.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Guiying; Lu, Dengsheng; Moran, Emilio; Hetrick, Scott

2011-01-01

This research aims to improve land-cover classification accuracy in a moist tropical region in Brazil by examining the use of different remote sensing-derived variables and classification algorithms. Different scenarios based on Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) spectral data and derived vegetation indices and textural images, and different classification algorithms - maximum likelihood classification (MLC), artificial neural network (ANN), classification tree analysis (CTA), and object-based classification (OBC), were explored. The results indicated that a combination of vegetation indices as extra bands into Landsat TM multispectral bands did not improve the overall classification performance, but the combination of textural images was valuable for improving vegetation classification accuracy. In particular, the combination of both vegetation indices and textural images into TM multispectral bands improved overall classification accuracy by 5.6% and kappa coefficient by 6.25%. Comparison of the different classification algorithms indicated that CTA and ANN have poor classification performance in this research, but OBC improved primary forest and pasture classification accuracies. This research indicates that use of textural images or use of OBC are especially valuable for improving the vegetation classes such as upland and liana forest classes having complex stand structures and having relatively large patch sizes.

Wideband or Dual-Band Low-Profile Circular Patch Antenna with High Gain and Sidelobe Suppression

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Squadrito, Paolo; Zhang, Shuai; Pedersen, Gert F.

2018-01-01

This paper presents a wideband or dual-band circular disk antenna with high gain and sidelobe suppression (SLS). The antenna has a single layer and single-fed configuration. The antenna can operate with the radiation field superposition of TM12 and TM14 modes at one frequency, which provides high...... gain and SLS. A circle of 10 shorting vias with non-identical diameters are loaded inside the antenna cavity in order to excite the field superposition of TM11 and TM13 modes at another frequency. By modifying the radius of the vias, the resonant frequency with the TM11 and TM13 superposition can...... be tuned closer to or further away from the one with the TM12 and TM14 superposition. In this way, a wideband or dual-band behavior can be obtained with high gain and SLS. The proposed antenna achieves the impedance bandwidth of 6.46% for the wideband case, which is over 6 times wider than the previous...

Diode-end-pumped Tm:GdVO4 laser operating at 1818 and 1915 nm

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Esser, MJD

2009-10-01

Full Text Available wavelengths. We therefore embarked on ac- curately measuring absorption spectra of Tm:GdVO4 laser crystals at both 0.8 (pump band) and at 1.9 µm (emission band). The measurements were conducted with a Cary 5000 spectrometer with resolution set to 1 nm...

Extremely large magnetoresistance and electronic structure of TmSb

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yi-Yan; Zhang, Hongyun; Lu, Xiao-Qin; Sun, Lin-Lin; Xu, Sheng; Lu, Zhong-Yi; Liu, Kai; Zhou, Shuyun; Xia, Tian-Long

2018-02-01

We report the magnetotransport properties and the electronic structure of TmSb. TmSb exhibits extremely large transverse magnetoresistance and Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillation at low temperature and high magnetic field. Interestingly, the split of Fermi surfaces induced by the nonsymmetric spin-orbit interaction has been observed from SdH oscillation. The analysis of the angle-dependent SdH oscillation illustrates the contribution of each Fermi surface to the conductivity. The electronic structure revealed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and first-principles calculations demonstrates a gap at the X point and the absence of band inversion. Combined with the trivial Berry phase extracted from SdH oscillation and the nearly equal concentrations of electron and hole from Hall measurements, it is suggested that TmSb is a topologically trivial semimetal and the observed XMR originates from the electron-hole compensation and high mobility.

Semiconductor band alignment from first principles: a new nonequilibrium Green's function method applied to the CZTSe/CdS interface for photovoltaics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Palsgaard, Mattias Lau Nøhr; Crovetto, Andrea; Gunst, Tue

2016-01-01

In this paper we present a method to obtain the band offset of semiconductor heterointerfaces from Density Functional Theory together with the nonequilibrium Green's function method. Band alignment and detailed properties of the interface between Cu2ZnSnSe4 and CdS are extracted directly from first...... principles simulations. The interface is important for photovoltaics applications where in particular the band offsets are important for efficiency. The band bending pose a problem for accurate atomistic simulations of band offsets due to its long range. Here we investigate two different methods for dealing...... with band bending directly. One involves doping the materials to induce a shorter screening length. The other method is to apply a voltage bias across the interface to correct for the band bending. The calculated band offsets agree well with previous experimental and theoretical studies and, interestingly...

Growth and optical characteristics of Tm-doped AlGaN layer grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy

Science.gov (United States)

Takatsu, J.; Fuji, R.; Tatebayashi, J.; Timmerman, D.; Lesage, A.; Gregorkiewicz, T.; Fujiwara, Y.

2018-04-01

We report on the growth and optical properties of Tm-doped AlGaN layers by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE). The morphological and optical properties of Tm-doped GaN (GaN:Tm) and Tm-doped AlGaN (AlGaN:Tm) were investigated by Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy and photoluminescence (PL) characterization. Nomarski images reveal an increase of surface roughness upon doping Tm into both GaN and AlGaN layers. The PL characterization of GaN:Tm shows emission in the near-infrared range originating from intra-4f shell transitions of Tm3+ ions. In contrast, AlGaN:Tm also exhibits blue light emission from Tm3+ ions. In that case, the wider band gap of the AlGaN host allows energy transfer to higher states of the Tm3+ ions. With time-resolved PL measurements, we could distinguish three types of luminescent sites of Tm3+ in the AlGaN:Tm layer, having different decay times. Our results confirm that Tm ions can be doped into GaN and AlGaN by OMVPE, and show potential for the fabrication of novel high-color-purity blue light emitting diodes.

A highly efficient Ho:YAG laser in-band pumped by a linewidth-narrowed Tm:YLF laser

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duan, X M; Yang, C H; Yao, B Q; Wang, Y Z; Zhang, W S

2013-01-01

A highly efficient Tm:YLF-Ho:YAG laser system is presented in this paper. To obtain the narrow linewidth 1908 nm laser output, a volume Bragg grating combined with a Fabry–Perot (FP) etalon were used as wavelength selection devices. The maximum output power of 28.7 W was obtained with a slope efficiency of 42.3% in the Tm:YLF laser. An output wavelength of 1908.1 nm and FWHM linewidth of 60 pm were achieved at the maximum output level. Using this Tm:YLF laser as the pump source, high efficiency continuous wave and Q-switched operation of a Ho:YAG laser was demonstrated. Operating at continuous wave mode, up to 73.3% slope efficiency and 67.4% optical conversion efficiency were obtained in the Ho:YAG laser, corresponding to a diode-to-Ho optical conversion efficiency of 23.7%. For the Q-switched mode, when the incident Tm power was 27.3 W, the maximum single pulse energy of 3.4 mJ, pulse width of 15 ns and peak power of 229.3 kW were achieved at the pulse repetition rate of 5 kHz. The maximum average power of 18.3 W, pulse width of 18 ns and peak power of 103.6 kW were obtained at the pulse repetition rate of 10 kHz. (paper)

Rigorous derivation of the mean-field green functions of the two-band Hubbard model of superconductivity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adam, G.; Adam, S.

2007-01-01

The Green function (GF) equation of motion technique for solving the effective two-band Hubbard model of high-T c superconductivity in cuprates rests on the Hubbard operator (HO) algebra. We show that, if we take into account the invariance to translations and spin reversal, the HO algebra results in invariance properties of several specific correlation functions. The use of these properties allows rigorous derivation and simplification of the expressions of the frequency matrix (FM) and of the generalized mean-field approximation (GMFA) Green functions (GFs) of the model. For the normal singlet hopping and anomalous exchange pairing correlation functions which enter the FM and GMFA-GFs, the use of spectral representations allows the identification and elimination of exponentially small quantities. This procedure secures the reduction of the correlation order to the GMFA-GF expressions

Secondary Forest Age and Tropical Forest Biomass Estimation Using TM

Science.gov (United States)

Nelson, R. F.; Kimes, D. S.; Salas, W. A.; Routhier, M.

1999-01-01

The age of secondary forests in the Amazon will become more critical with respect to the estimation of biomass and carbon budgets as tropical forest conversion continues. Multitemporal Thematic Mapper data were used to develop land cover histories for a 33,000 Square kM area near Ariquemes, Rondonia over a 7 year period from 1989-1995. The age of the secondary forest, a surrogate for the amount of biomass (or carbon) stored above-ground, was found to be unimportant in terms of biomass budget error rates in a forested TM scene which had undergone a 20% conversion to nonforest/agricultural cover types. In such a situation, the 80% of the scene still covered by primary forest accounted for over 98% of the scene biomass. The difference between secondary forest biomass estimates developed with and without age information were inconsequential relative to the estimate of biomass for the entire scene. However, in futuristic scenarios where all of the primary forest has been converted to agriculture and secondary forest (55% and 42% respectively), the ability to age secondary forest becomes critical. Depending on biomass accumulation rate assumptions, scene biomass budget errors on the order of -10% to +30% are likely if the age of the secondary forests are not taken into account. Single-date TM imagery cannot be used to accurately age secondary forests into single-year classes. A neural network utilizing TM band 2 and three TM spectral-texture measures (bands 3 and 5) predicted secondary forest age over a range of 0-7 years with an RMSE of 1.59 years and an R(Squared) (sub actual vs predicted) = 0.37. A proposal is made, based on a literature review, to use satellite imagery to identify general secondary forest age groups which, within group, exhibit relatively constant biomass accumulation rates.

Use of Readycult[tm] - LMX for enumeration of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in milk

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beloti Vanerli

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Readycult[tm] - LMX is a rapid method to test for the presence of total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli in water, giving results in 24h. It is based on reactions of specific microbial enzymes or indicator nutrients of the medium. The goal of this paper was to study the use of Readycult[tm] - LMX to detect total coliform and E. coli in milk. One hundred twenty five samples of pasteurized and raw milk, collected in Londrina, PR, Brazil, were tested simultaneously by the most probable number (MPN method using Brilliant Green Bile Lactose Broth (2% (BRILA and Readycult[tm] - LMX. The Readycult[tm] - LMX test was evaluated for sensitivity, simplicity, and speed of results. There was a significant correlation between the results obtained by the two methods for total coliforms (r: 0.8224 and for E. coli (r: 0.8603. The two methods yielded similar results, but Readycult[tm] - LMX was easier to use. In addition, results were available as early as 24h.

Electronic structures and valence band splittings of transition metals doped GaNs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Seung-Cheol; Lee, Kwang-Ryeol; Lee, Kyu-Hwan

2007-01-01

For a practical viewpoint, presence of spin splitting of valence band in host semiconductors by the doping of transition metal (TM) ions is an essential property when designing a diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) material. The first principle calculations were performed on the electronic and magnetic structure of 3d transition metal doped GaN. V, Cr, and Mn doped GaNs could not be candidates for DMS materials since most of their magnetic moments is concentrated on the TM ions and the splittings of valence band were negligible. In the cases of Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu doped GaNs, on the contrary, long-ranged spin splitting of valence band was found, which could be candidates for DMS materials

Fusion of Terra-MODIS and Landsat TM data for geothermal sites investigation in Jiangsu Province, China

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Shengbo

2006-01-01

Geothermal resources are generally confined to areas of the Earth's crust where heat flow higher than in surrounding areas heats the water contained in permeable rocks (reservoirs) at depth. It is becoming one of attractive solutions for clean and sustainable energy future for the world. The geothermal fields commonly occurs at the boundaries of plates, and only occasionally in the middle of a plate. The study area, Jiangsu Province, as an example, located in the east of China, is a potential area of geothermal energy. In this study, Landsat thematic Mapper (TM) data were georeferenced to position spatially the geothermal energy in the study area. Multi-spectral infrared data of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Terra platform were georeferenced to Landsat TM images. Based on the Wien Displacement Law, these infrared data indicate the surface emitted radiance under the same atmospheric condition, and stand for surface bright temperature respectively. Thus, different surface bright temperature data from Terra-MODIS band 20 or band 31 (R), together with Landsat TM band 4 (G) and band 3 (B) separately, were made up false color composite images (RGB) to generate the distribution maps of surface bright temperatures. Combing with geologic environment and geophysical anomalies, the potential area of geothermal energy with different geo-temperature were mapped respectively. Specially, one geothermal spot in Qinhu Lake Scenery Area in Taizhou city was validated by drilling, and its groundwater temperature is up to some 51°.

Band Gap Optimization Design of Photonic Crystals Material

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Y.; Yu, B.; Gao, X.

2017-12-01

The photonic crystal has a fundamental characteristic - photonic band gap, which can prevent light to spread in the crystals. This paper studies the width variation of band gaps of two-dimension square lattice photonic crystals by changing the geometrical shape of the unit cells’ inner medium column. Using the finite element method, we conduct numerical experiments on MATLAB 2012a and COMSOL 3.5. By shortening the radius in vertical axis and rotating the medium column, we design a new unit cell, with a 0.3*3.85e-7 vertical radius and a 15 degree deviation to the horizontal axis. The new cell has a gap 1.51 percent wider than the circle medium structure in TE gap and creates a 0.0124 wide TM gap. Besides, the experiment shows the first TM gap is partially overlapped by the second TE gap in gap pictures. This is helpful to format the absolute photonic band gaps and provides favorable theoretical basis for designing photonic communication material.

Tunable multicolor and white-light upconversion luminescence in Yb3+/Tm3+/Ho3+ tri-doped NaYF4 micro-crystals.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Hao; Xu, Dekang; Teng, Dongdong; Yang, Shenghong; Zhang, Yueli

2015-09-01

NaYF4 micro-crystals with various concentrations of Yb(3+) /Tm(3+) /Ho(3+) were prepared successfully via a simple and reproducible hydrothermal route using EDTA as the chelating agent. Their phase structure and surface morphology were studied using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD patterns revealed that all the samples were pure hexagonal phase NaYF4. SEM images showed that Yb(3+)/Tm(3+)/Ho(3+) tri-doped NaYF4 were hexagonal micro-prisms. Upconversion photoluminescence spectra of Yb(3+)/Tm(3+)/Ho(3+) tri-doped NaYF4 micro-crystals with various dopant concentrations under 980 nm excitation with a 665 mW pump power were studied. Tunable multicolor (purple, purplish blue, yellowish green, green) and white light were achieved by simply adjusting the Ho(3+) concentration in 20%Yb(3+)/1%Tm(3+)/xHo(3+) tri-doped NaYF4 micro-crystals. Furthermore, white-light emissions could be obtained using different pump powers in 20%Yb(3+)/1%Tm(3+)/1%Ho(3+) tri-doped NaYF4 micro-crystals at 980 nm excitation. The pump power-dependent intensity relationship was studied and relevant energy transfer processes were discussed in detail. The results suggest that Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) Ho(3+) tri-doped NaYF4 micro-crystals have potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as photovoltaic, plasma display panel and white-light-emitting diodes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Effects of Lu and Tm Doping on Thermoelectric Properties of Bi2Te3 Compound

Science.gov (United States)

Yaprintsev, Maxim; Lyubushkin, Roman; Soklakova, Oxana; Ivanov, Oleg

2018-02-01

The Bi2Te3, Bi1.9Lu0.1Te3 and Bi1.9Tm0.1Te3 thermoelectrics of n-type conductivity have been prepared by the microwave-solvothermal method and spark plasma sintering. These compounds behave as degenerate semiconductors from room temperature up to temperature T d ≈ 470 K. Within this temperature range the temperature behavior of the specific electrical resistivity is due to the temperature changes of electron mobility determined by acoustic and optical phonon scattering. Above T d, an onset of intrinsic conductivity takes place when electrons and holes are present. At the Lu and Tm doping, the Seebeck coefficient increases, while the specific electrical resistivity and total thermal conductivity decrease within the temperature 290-630 K range. The increase of the electrical resistivity is related to the increase of electron concentration since the Tm and Lu atoms are donor centres in the Bi2Te3 lattice. The increase of the density-of-state effective mass for conduction band can be responsible for the increase of the Seebeck coefficient. The decrease of the total thermal conductivity in doped Bi2Te3 is attributed to point defects like the antisite defects and Lu or Tm atoms substituting for the Bi sites. In addition, reducing the electron thermal conductivity due to forming a narrow impurity (Lu or Tm) band having high and sharp density-of-states near the Fermi level can effectively decrease the total thermal conductivity. The thermoelectric figure-of-merit is enhanced from ˜ 0.4 for undoped Bi2Te3 up to ˜ 0.7 for Bi1.9Tm0.1Te3 and ˜ 0.9 for Bi1.9Lu0.1Te3.

Changes in trait brainwave power and coherence, state and trait anxiety after three-month transcendental meditation (TM) practice.

Science.gov (United States)

Tomljenović, Helena; Begić, Dražen; Maštrović, Zora

2016-03-01

The amount of studies showing different benefits of practicing meditation is growing. EEG brainwave patterns objectively reflect both the cognitive processes and objects of meditation. This study aimed to examine the effects of transcendental meditation (TM) practice on baseline EEG brainwave patterns (outside of meditation) and to examine weather TM reduces state and trait anxiety. Standard EEG recordings were conducted on volunteer participants (N=12), all students or younger employed people, before and after a three-month meditation training. Artifact-free 100-second epochs were selected and analyzed by Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) analysis. Endlers Multidimensional Anxiety Scales (EMAS) were used to assess anxiety levels. Power (μV(2)) and coherence levels were compared in the alpha, beta, theta and delta frequency band. Changes in EEG patterns after meditation practice were found mostly in the theta band. An interaction effect was found on the left hemisphere (pmeditation practice. Most of the changes were found in the occipital and temporal areas, less in the central and frontal areas. State anxiety decreased after TM practice. Findings suggest TM practice could be helpful in treating different kinds of disorders, especially anxiety disorders.

An integrtated approach to the use of Landsat TM data for gold exploration in west central Nevada

Science.gov (United States)

Mouat, D. A.; Myers, J. S.; Miller, N. L.

1987-01-01

This paper represents an integration of several Landsat TM image processing techniques with other data to discriminate the lithologies and associated areas of hydrothermal alteration in the vicinity of the Paradise Peak gold mine in west central Nevada. A microprocessor-based image processing system and an IDIMS system were used to analyze data from a 512 X 512 window of a Landsat-5 TM scene collected on June 30, 1984. Image processing techniques included simple band composites, band ratio composites, principal components composites, and baseline-based composites. These techniques were chosen based on their ability to discriminate the spectral characteristics of the products of hydrothermal alteration as well as of the associated regional lithologies. The simple band composite, ratio composite, two principal components composites, and the baseline-based composites separately can define the principal areas of alteration. Combined, they provide a very powerful exploration tool.

Comparative Spectroscopic Investigation of Tm3+:Tellurite Glasses for 2-μm Lasing Applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Huseyin Cankaya

2018-02-01

Full Text Available We performed a comparative spectroscopic analysis on three novel Tm3+:tellurite-based glasses with the following compositions Tm2O3:TeO2-ZnO (TeZnTm, Tm2O3:TeO2-Nb2O5 (TeNbTm, and Tm3+:TeO2-K2O-Nb2O5 (TeNbKTm, primarily for 2-μm laser applications. Tellurite glasses were prepared at different doping concentrations in order to investigate the effect of Tm3+ ion concentration as well as host composition on the stimulated emission cross sections and the luminescence quantum efficiencies. By performing Judd–Ofelt analysis, we determined the average radiative lifetimes of the 3H4 level to be 2.55 ± 0.07 ms, 2.76 ± 0.03 ms and 2.57 ± 0.20 ms for the TeZnTm, TeNbTm and TeNbKTm samples, respectively. We clearly observed the effect of the cross-relaxation, which becomes significant at higher Tm2O3 concentrations, leading to the quenching of 1460-nm emission and enhancement of 1860-nm emission. Furthermore, with increasing Tm2O3 concentrations, we observed a decrease in the fluorescence lifetimes as a result of the onset of non-radiative decay. For the 3H4 level, the highest obtained quantum efficiency was 32% for the samples with the lowest Tm2O3 ion concentration. For the 1860-nm emission band, the average emission cross section was determined to measure around 6.33 ± 0.34 × 10−21 cm2, revealing the potential of thulium-doped tellurite gain media for 2-μm laser applications in bulk and fiber configurations.

Investigation of upconversion luminescence in antimony–germanate double-clad two cores optical fiber co-doped with Yb{sup 3+}/Tm{sup 3+} and Yb{sup 3+}/Ho{sup 3+} ions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zmojda, J.; Kochanowicz, M.; Miluski, P.; Dorosz, J. [Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 Street, 15-351 Bialystok (Poland); Pisarska, J.; Pisarski, W.A. [Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-007 Katowice (Poland); Dorosz, D., E-mail: d.dorosz@pb.edu.pl [Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 Street, 15-351 Bialystok (Poland)

2016-02-15

In the paper double-clad optical fiber with two off-set cores co-doped with 1Yb{sub 2}O{sub 3}–0.1Tm{sub 2}O{sub 3} and 1Yb{sub 2}O{sub 3}–0.5Ho{sub 2}O{sub 3} has been investigated. Antimony–germanate glass was melted as a matrix for active cores. The concentration of lanthanides and their ratio have been optimized to achieve maximum upconversion emission intensity at 478 nm ({sup 1}G{sub 4}→{sup 3}H{sub 6}) and 650 nm ({sup 1}G{sub 4}→{sup 3}F{sub 4}) in glasses doped with Tm{sup 3+} ions and 545 nm and 655 nm, corresponding to the {sup 5}F{sub 5}→{sup 5}I{sub 8} and {sup 5}F{sub 4}→{sup 5}I{sub 8} transitions in holmium ions. The energy transfer efficiency in glasses used as optical fiber cores was η{sub Tm}=56% (0.1 mol% Tm{sub 2}O{sub 3}) and η{sub Ho}=85% (0.5 mol% Ho{sub 2}O{sub 3}), respectively. As a result of excitation of the fabricated optical fiber (λ{sub exc}=976 nm), a UC luminescence spectra was obtained. Superposition of three emission bands at the wavelengths of 481 nm (Tm{sup 3+}: blue), 545 nm (Ho{sup 3+}:green) and 665 nm (Tm{sup 3+}, Ho{sup 3+}: red) from two separated cores was measured. Influence of fiber length and excitation power on the color coordinates (CIE-1931) have been also investigated. - Highlights: • Antimony-germanate glasses co-doped with Yb{sup 3+}/Tm{sup 3+} and Yb{sup 3+}/Ho{sup 3+} were presented. • UC luminescence in double-clad, two off-set core co-doped with Yb{sup 3+}/Tm{sup 3+} and Yb{sup 3+}/Ho{sup 3+} optical fiber was presented. • The chromatic coordinates shift in the blue region at CIE scheme as a function of pump power and length of optical fiber was observed.

Energy transfer and colour tunability in UV light induced Tm3+/Tb3+/Eu3+: ZnB glasses generating white light emission.

Science.gov (United States)

Naresh, V; Gupta, Kiran; Parthasaradhi Reddy, C; Ham, Byoung S

2017-03-15

A promising energy transfer (Tm 3+ →Tb 3+ →Eu 3+ ) approach is brought forward to generate white light emission under ultraviolet (UV) light excitation for solid state lightening. Tm 3+ /Tb 3+ /Eu 3+ ions are combinedly doped in zinc borate glass system in view of understanding energy transfer process resulting in white light emission. Zinc borate (host) glass displayed optical and luminescence properties due to formation of Zn(II) x -[O(-II)] y centres in the ZnB glass matrix. At 360nm (UV) excitation, triply doped Tm 3+ /Tb 3+ /Eu 3+ : ZnB glasses simultaneously shown their characteristic emission bands in blue (454nm: 1 D 2 → 3 F 4 ), green (547nm: 5 D 4 → 7 F 5 ) and red (616nm: 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 ) regions. In triple ions doped glasses, energy transfer dynamics is discussed in terms of Forster-Dexter theory, excitation & emission profiles, lifetime curves and from partial energy level diagram of three ions. The role of Tb 3+ in ET from Tm 3+ →Eu 3+ was discussed using branch model. From emission decay analysis, energy transfer probability (P) and efficiency (η) were evaluated. Colour tunability from blue to white on varying (Tb 3+ , Eu 3+ ) content is demonstrated from Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates. Based on chromaticity coordinates, other colour related parameters like correlated colour temperature (CCT) and colour purity are also computed for the studied glass samples. An appropriate blending of such combination of rare earth ions could show better suitability as potential candidates in achieving multi-colour and warm/cold white light emission for white LEDs application in the field of solid state lightening. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cooperative emission in ion implanted Yb:YAG waveguides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vazquez, G V; Desirena, H; De la Rosa, E [Centro de Investigaciones en Optica, Loma del Bosque 115, Lomas del Campestre, 37150 Leon, Guanajuato (Mexico); Flores-Romero, E; Rickards, J; Trejo-Luna, R [Instituto de Fisica, UNAM, Apartado Postal 20364, 01000 Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Marquez, H, E-mail: gvvazquez@cio.mx [Departamento de Optica, CICESE, Km 107 Carr. Tijuana-Ensenada, 22860 Ensenada, B. C. (Mexico)

2011-01-01

In this work, we report the analysis of spectroscopic properties of waveguides fabricated by ion implantation in YAG doped with Yb{sup 3+} ions. Three emission bands were detected in the blue, green and red regions under 970-nm excitation. The strong blue-green emission can be explained by a cooperative process between ytterbium ion pairs, leading to emission centered at 514 nm. The additional blue bands as well as green and red emission bands are attributed to the presence of Tm{sup 3+} and Er{sup 3+} traces. The results include absorption and emission curves as well as decay time rates.

Cooperative emission in ion implanted Yb:YAG waveguides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vazquez, G V; Desirena, H; De la Rosa, E; Flores-Romero, E; Rickards, J; Trejo-Luna, R; Marquez, H

2011-01-01

In this work, we report the analysis of spectroscopic properties of waveguides fabricated by ion implantation in YAG doped with Yb 3+ ions. Three emission bands were detected in the blue, green and red regions under 970-nm excitation. The strong blue-green emission can be explained by a cooperative process between ytterbium ion pairs, leading to emission centered at 514 nm. The additional blue bands as well as green and red emission bands are attributed to the presence of Tm 3+ and Er 3+ traces. The results include absorption and emission curves as well as decay time rates.

Spectral band selection for classification of soil organic matter content

Science.gov (United States)

Henderson, Tracey L.; Szilagyi, Andrea; Baumgardner, Marion F.; Chen, Chih-Chien Thomas; Landgrebe, David A.

1989-01-01

This paper describes the spectral-band-selection (SBS) algorithm of Chen and Landgrebe (1987, 1988, and 1989) and uses the algorithm to classify the organic matter content in the earth's surface soil. The effectiveness of the algorithm was evaluated comparing the results of classification of the soil organic matter using SBS bands with those obtained using Landsat MSS bands and TM bands, showing that the algorithm was successful in finding important spectral bands for classification of organic matter content. Using the calculated bands, the probabilities of correct classification for climate-stratified data were found to range from 0.910 to 0.980.

Emission properties of hydrothermal Yb3+, Er3+ and Yb3+, Tm3+-codoped Lu2O3 nanorods: upconversion, cathodoluminescence and assessment of waveguide behavior

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barrera, Elixir William; Pujol, MarIa Cinta; DIaz, Francesc; Choi, Soo Bong; Rotermund, Fabian; Park, Kyung Ho; Jeong, Mun Seok; Cascales, Concepcion

2011-01-01

Yb 3+ and Ln 3+ (Ln 3+ = Er 3+ or Tm 3+ ) codoped Lu 2 O 3 nanorods with cubic Ia3-bar symmetry have been prepared by low temperature hydrothermal procedures, and their luminescence properties and waveguide behavior analyzed by means of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). Room temperature upconversion (UC) under excitation at 980 nm and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra were studied as a function of the Yb + concentration in the prepared nanorods. UC spectra revealed the strong development of Er 3+4 F 9/2 → 4I 15/2 (red) and Tm 3+1 G 4 → 3 H 6 (blue) bands, which became the pre-eminent and even unique emissions for corresponding nanorods with the higher Yb 3+ concentration. Favored by the presence of large phonons in current nanorods, UC mechanisms that privilege the population of 4 F 9/2 and 1 G 4 emitting levels through phonon-assisted energy transfer and non-radiative relaxations account for these observed UC luminescence features. CL spectra show much more moderate development of the intensity ratio between the Er 3+4 F 9/2 → 4 I 15/2 (red) and 2 H 11/2 , 4 S 3/2 → 4 I 15/2 (green) emissions with the increase in the Yb 3+ content, while for Yb 3+ , Tm 3+ -codoped Lu 2 O 3 nanorods the dominant CL emission is Tm 3+1 D 2 → 3 F 4 (deep-blue). Uniform light emission along Yb 3+ , Er 3+ -codoped Lu 2 O 3 rods has been observed by using SNOM photoluminescence images; however, the rods seem to be too thin for propagation of light.

Double NIR laser stimulation and enhancing the thermal sensitivity of Er3+/Tm3+/Nd3+ doped multilayer core-shell nanoparticles.

Science.gov (United States)

Ba, Zhaojing; Hu, Min; Zhao, Yiming; Wang, Yiqing; Wang, Jing; Zhang, Zhenxi

2018-06-04

Non-contact thermal sensors are important devices to study cellular processes and monitor temperature in vivo. Herein, a novel highly sensitive nanothermometer based on NaYF4:Yb,Er@ NaYF4@NaYF4:Yb,Tm@ NaYF4:Nd (denoted as Er@Y@Tm@Nd) was prepared by a facile solvothermal method. When excited by the NIR light of 808 and 980 nm, the as-prepared Er@Y@Tm@Nd nanoparticles could emit both blue and green light respectively, since the lanthanide cations responsible for these emissions are gathered inside this nanostructure. The green and blue light intensity ratio exhibits obvious temperature dependence in the range of the physiological temperature. Additionally, the fluorescence intensity of Er3+ and Tm3+ are also greatly enhanced due to the multilayer structure that implies avoiding the Er3+ and Tm3+ energy cross-relaxation by introduction of a NaYF4 wall between them. The as-prepared core-shell-shell-shell structure with Er3+ and Tm3+ in different layers improves dozens of times of the thermal sensitivity based on the non-thermal coupling levels of the probe: the maximum values for the sensitivity are 2.95% K-1 (IEr-521/ITm-450) and 6.30% K-1 (ITm-474/IEr-541) when excited by 980 and 808 nm laser sources respectively. These values are well above those previously reported (< 0.7% K-1), indicating that the prepared nanostructures are temperature sensors with excellent thermal sensitivity and sensitive to NIR wavelength excitation that makes them highly preferred for thermal detection. © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Evaluation of directional normalization methods for Landsat TM/ETM+ over primary Amazonian lowland forests

Science.gov (United States)

Van doninck, Jasper; Tuomisto, Hanna

2017-06-01

Biodiversity mapping in extensive tropical forest areas poses a major challenge for the interpretation of Landsat images, because floristically clearly distinct forest types may show little difference in reflectance. In such cases, the effects of the bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF) can be sufficiently strong to cause erroneous image interpretation and classification. Since the opening of the Landsat archive in 2008, several BRDF normalization methods for Landsat have been developed. The simplest of these consist of an empirical view angle normalization, whereas more complex approaches apply the semi-empirical Ross-Li BRDF model and the MODIS MCD43-series of products to normalize directional Landsat reflectance to standard view and solar angles. Here we quantify the effect of surface anisotropy on Landsat TM/ETM+ images over old-growth Amazonian forests, and evaluate five angular normalization approaches. Even for the narrow swath of the Landsat sensors, we observed directional effects in all spectral bands. Those normalization methods that are based on removing the surface reflectance gradient as observed in each image were adequate to normalize TM/ETM+ imagery to nadir viewing, but were less suitable for multitemporal analysis when the solar vector varied strongly among images. Approaches based on the MODIS BRDF model parameters successfully reduced directional effects in the visible bands, but removed only half of the systematic errors in the infrared bands. The best results were obtained when the semi-empirical BRDF model was calibrated using pairs of Landsat observation. This method produces a single set of BRDF parameters, which can then be used to operationally normalize Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery over Amazonian forests to nadir viewing and a standard solar configuration.

Concentration effect of Tm3+ on cathodoluminescence properties of SiO2: Tm3+ and SiO2:Ho3+, Tm3+ systems

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Dhlamini, MS

2012-05-01

Full Text Available .physb.2011.09.091 Concentration effect of Tm3+ on cathodoluminescence properties of SiO2: Tm 3+ and SiO2:Ho 3+, Tm3+ systems M.S. Dhlamini, G.H. Mhlongo, H.C. Swart, O.M. Ntwaeaborwa, K.T. Hillie ABSTRACT: Cathodoluminescence (CL) properties of Si...O2 powders activated with thulium (Tm3+) and holmium (Ho3+) ions prepared by a sol–gel process were investigated. Different molar concentrations of Tm3+ co-doped with Ho3+ were studied. The 460 nm peak was monitored and the influence of the beam...

Structural and functional importance of transmembrane domain 3 (TM3) in the aspartate:alanine antiporter AspT: topology and function of the residues of TM3 and oligomerization of AspT.

Science.gov (United States)

Nanatani, Kei; Maloney, Peter C; Abe, Keietsu

2009-04-01

AspT, the aspartate:alanine antiporter of Tetragenococcus halophilus, a membrane protein of 543 amino acids with 10 putative transmembrane (TM) helices, is the prototype of the aspartate:alanine exchanger (AAE) family of transporters. Because TM3 (isoleucine 64 to methionine 85) has many amino acid residues that are conserved among members of the AAE family and because TM3 contains two charged residues and four polar residues, it is thought to be located near (or to form part of) the substrate translocation pathway that includes the binding site for the substrates. To elucidate the role of TM3 in the transport process, we carried out cysteine-scanning mutagenesis. The substitutions of tyrosine 75 and serine 84 had the strongest inhibitory effects on transport (initial rates of l-aspartate transport were below 15% of the rate for cysteine-less AspT). Considerable but less-marked effects were observed upon the replacement of methionine 70, phenylalanine 71, glycine 74, arginine 76, serine 83, and methionine 85 (initial rates between 15% and 30% of the rate for cysteine-less AspT). Introduced cysteine residues at the cytoplasmic half of TM3 could be labeled with Oregon green maleimide (OGM), whereas cysteines close to the periplasmic half (residues 64 to 75) were not labeled. These results suggest that TM3 has a hydrophobic core on the periplasmic half and that hydrophilic residues on the cytoplasmic half of TM3 participate in the formation of an aqueous cavity in membranes. Furthermore, the presence of l-aspartate protected the cysteine introduced at glycine 62 against a reaction with OGM. In contrast, l-aspartate stimulated the reactivity of the cysteine introduced at proline 79 with OGM. These results demonstrate that TM3 undergoes l-aspartate-induced conformational alterations. In addition, nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses and a glutaraldehyde cross-linking assay suggest that functional AspT forms homo-oligomers as a

Structural and Functional Importance of Transmembrane Domain 3 (TM3) in the Aspartate:Alanine Antiporter AspT: Topology and Function of the Residues of TM3 and Oligomerization of AspT▿

Science.gov (United States)

Nanatani, Kei; Maloney, Peter C.; Abe, Keietsu

2009-01-01

AspT, the aspartate:alanine antiporter of Tetragenococcus halophilus, a membrane protein of 543 amino acids with 10 putative transmembrane (TM) helices, is the prototype of the aspartate:alanine exchanger (AAE) family of transporters. Because TM3 (isoleucine 64 to methionine 85) has many amino acid residues that are conserved among members of the AAE family and because TM3 contains two charged residues and four polar residues, it is thought to be located near (or to form part of) the substrate translocation pathway that includes the binding site for the substrates. To elucidate the role of TM3 in the transport process, we carried out cysteine-scanning mutagenesis. The substitutions of tyrosine 75 and serine 84 had the strongest inhibitory effects on transport (initial rates of l-aspartate transport were below 15% of the rate for cysteine-less AspT). Considerable but less-marked effects were observed upon the replacement of methionine 70, phenylalanine 71, glycine 74, arginine 76, serine 83, and methionine 85 (initial rates between 15% and 30% of the rate for cysteine-less AspT). Introduced cysteine residues at the cytoplasmic half of TM3 could be labeled with Oregon green maleimide (OGM), whereas cysteines close to the periplasmic half (residues 64 to 75) were not labeled. These results suggest that TM3 has a hydrophobic core on the periplasmic half and that hydrophilic residues on the cytoplasmic half of TM3 participate in the formation of an aqueous cavity in membranes. Furthermore, the presence of l-aspartate protected the cysteine introduced at glycine 62 against a reaction with OGM. In contrast, l-aspartate stimulated the reactivity of the cysteine introduced at proline 79 with OGM. These results demonstrate that TM3 undergoes l-aspartate-induced conformational alterations. In addition, nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses and a glutaraldehyde cross-linking assay suggest that functional AspT forms homo-oligomers as a

Color tunability in green, red and infra-red upconversion emission in Tm{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+}/Ho{sup 3+} co-doped CeO{sub 2} with potential application for improvement of efficiency in solar cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carvalho, Luiz G.A.; Rocha, Leonardo A.; Buarque, Juliana M.M. [Laboratório de Materiais Inorgânicos Fotoluminescentes e Polímeros Biodegradáveis (LAFOP), Grupo de Pesquisa em Química de Materiais – (GPQM), Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio, 74, 36301-160 São João Del Rei, MG (Brazil); Gonçalves, Rogéria Rocha [Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP (Brazil); Nascimento Jr, Clébio S. [Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional – (LQTC), Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio, 74, 36301-160 São João del-Rei, MG (Brazil); and others

2015-03-15

The preparation of Tm{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+}/Ho{sup 3+} co-doped CeO{sub 2} prepared by the precipitation method using ammonium hydroxide as a precursor is presented. By X-ray diffraction the materials show the phase-type of fluorite structure and the crystallite sizes were calculated by the Scherrer's equation. No other phase was observed evincing that the rare earth ions were inserted into the fluorite phase as substitutional or interstitial dopants. The microstrain calculated by the Williamson–Hall method do not show significant changes in their values, indicating that the inclusion of rare earths does not causes structural changes in the CeO{sub 2} used as a host matrix. All material showed intense upconversion emission at red and green region under excitation with diode laser at 980 nm. The color of emission changes from green to red with increasing excitation power pump. The materials showed suitable photoluminescent properties for applications as a laser source, solar cells, and great emitter at 800 nm. - Highlights: • Tm{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+}/Ho{sup 3+} co-doped CeO{sub 2} prepared by the simple way. • Intense upconversion emission regions and the tunability of emission color by the laser power pump. • The materials showed suitable photoluminescent properties for different applications.

Powernext Day-AheadTM. Powernext futuresTM. Activity report - 2004

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2004-01-01

The introduction of a power exchange in France is a direct response to the opening up of the European electricity markets. Powernext SA is a Multilateral Trading Facility in charge of managing the French power exchange through an optional and anonymous organised exchange offering: - Day-ahead contracts for the management of volume risk on Powernext Day-Ahead TM since 21 November 2001, - Medium term contracts for the management of price risk on Powernext Futures TM since 18 June 2004. This document is the 2004 activity report of Powernext SA, it presents the key figures of the power market and of Powernext in 2004: - Increasing volumes: Powernext Day-Ahead TM 's traded volumes increased by 89%, from 7.48 to 14.18 TWh. Powernext Futures TM kicks off to a promising debut with 12.86 TWh traded in less than 7 months. - Less volatile prices: During 2004, the base price averaged 28.13 euro/MWh, and the peak prices averaged 33.71 euro/MWh. Compared to 2003, these prices decreased by an average of 3.7% on base-load and 10.9% on peak-load. In comparison to the two previous years, the daily volatility has noticeably settled down with 27% on base-load and 37% on peak-load. - Increasing liquidity: 10 new members joined Powernext Day-Ahead TM in 2004. The activity level of the members remains very high as 89% of them trade on an actual daily basis during 2004. The market resiliency stays strong. In December, an additional market 50 MW order on each hour resulted in a balance price variation of only 0.16 euro/MWh, or 0.53% of this balance price. For a 100 MW order, the resiliency is 0.32 euro/MWh, or 1.07% of the balance price. Thus, in 2004, Powernext Day-Ahead TM consolidates its role as a short term reference price. Moreover, in 2004, Powernext launched a futures market, Powernext Futures TM . This new market segment proposes contracts tradable up to 2 years ahead of delivery

The tmRDB and SRPDB resources

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Ebbe Sloth; Rosenblad, Magnus Alm; Larsen, Niels

2006-01-01

Maintained at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Texas, the tmRNA database (tmRDB) is accessible at the URL http://psyche.uthct.edu/dbs/tmRDB/tmRDB.html with mirror sites located at Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (http://www.ag.auburn.edu/mirror/tmRDB/) and the Royal...

Magnetic ordering in TmGa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cadogan, J.M.; Stewart, G.A.; Muños Pérez, S.

2014-01-01

We have determined the magnetic structure of the intermetallic compound TmGa by high-resolution neutron powder diffraction and 169Tm Mössbauer spectroscopy. This compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic (Cmcm) CrB-type structure and its magnetic structure is characterized by magnetic order...... of the Tm sublattice along the a-axis. The initial magnetic ordering occurs at 15(1) K and yields an incommensurate antiferromagnetic structure described by the propagation vector k1 = [0 0.275(2) 0]. At 12 K the dominant ferromagnetic ordering of the Tm sublattice along the a-axis develops in what appears...... to be a first-order transition. At 3 K the magnetic structure of TmGa is predominantly ferromagnetic but a weakened incommensurate component remains. The ferromagnetic Tm moment reaches 6.7(2) μB at 3 K and the amplitude of the remaining incommensurate component is 2.7(4) μB. The 169Tm hyperfine magnetic field...

Tm3+ activated lanthanum phosphate: a blue PDP phosphor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rao, R.P.

2005-01-01

Plasma display panels (PDPs) are gaining attention due to their high performance and scalability as a medium for large format TVs. The performance and life of a PDP strongly depends upon the nature of phosphors. Currently, Eu 2+ activated barium magnesium aluminate (BAM) is being used as a blue component. Because of its low life, efforts are being made to explore new blue emitting phosphors. One of the alternatives to BAM is Tm 3+ activated lanthanum phosphate (LPTM) phosphor. LPTM phosphor samples are prepared by a solid-state as well as sol-gel process in presence of flux. The phosphor of the present investigation, having uniform and spherical shape particles in the range of 0.1-2 μm, is appropriate for thin phosphor screens required for PDP applications. It exhibits a narrow band emission in the blue region, peaking at 452 nm and also a number of narrow bands in the UV region when excited by 147 and 173 nm radiation from a xenon gas mixture. Various possible transitions responsible for UV and visible emission from Tm 3+ ion are presented. These phosphors also exhibit good color saturation and better stability when excited with VUV radiation. To achieve higher brightness, they are blended with other UV excited blue emitting phosphors such as BAM. Results related to morphology, excitation, after glow decay, emission and degradation of these phosphors in the powder form as well as in plasma display panels are presented and discussed

Translation-Memory (TM) Research

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schjoldager, Anne Gram; Christensen, Tina Paulsen

2010-01-01

to be representative of the research field as a whole. Our analysis suggests that, while considerable knowledge is available about the technical side of TMs, more research is needed to understand how translators interact with TM technology and how TMs influence translators' cognitive translation processes.......  It is no exaggeration to say that the advent of translation-memory (TM) systems in the translation profession has led to drastic changes in translators' processes and workflow, and yet, though many professional translators nowadays depend on some form of TM system, this has not been the object...... of much research. Our paper attempts to find out what we know about the nature, applications and influences of TM technology, including translators' interaction with TMs, and also how we know it. An essential part of the analysis is based on a selection of empirical TM studies, which we assume...

Spectral characteristics and white emission of Dy{sup 3+}/Tm{sup 3+}-BaLaGa{sub 3}O{sub 7} phosphors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gao, Shufang, E-mail: shfgao@yangtzeu.edu.cn [School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023 (China); Xu, Shan [School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023 (China); Wang, Yeqing [Department of Applied Physics, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013 (China); Tu, Chaoyang, E-mail: tcy@fjirsm.ac.cn [Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics of CAS, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, CAS, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (China)

2016-10-15

Tm{sup 3+}-, Dy{sup 3+}-BaLaGa{sub 3}O{sub 7} phosphors have been synthesized by solid-phase sintering. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence properties of the phosphors were investigated in detail. The sample Tm{sup 3+} and Dy{sup 3+} ions co-doped BaLaGa{sub 3}O{sub 7} obtain white light emission by integrating a blue emission band located at 455 nm ({sup 1}D{sub 2}→{sup 3}F{sub 4}) and an orange one located at 573 nm ({sup 4}F{sub 9/2}→{sup 6}H{sub 13/2}) attributed to Tm{sup 3+} and Dy{sup 3+} ions, respectively. The study on the luminescence mechanism showed that there is the energy transfer between Tm{sup 3+} and Dy{sup 3+} in Tm{sup 3+}/Dy{sup 3+}-BaLaGa{sub 3}O{sub 7} phosphors.

Cross-Section Measurement of the 169Tm(n,3n)167Tm Reaction and Constraining the Branching Ratio of 167Tm

Science.gov (United States)

Champine, Brian; Gooden, Matthew; Thomas, Keenan; Krishichayan, F.; Norman, Eric; Scielzo, Nick; Tonchev, Anton; Tornow, Werner

2015-10-01

The cross section of the 169Tm(n,3n)167Tm reaction has been measured from 17.5 to 21.5 MeV using activation technique. This energy region was chosen to resolve the two different trends of the previous (n,3n) cross section measurements on 169Tm. In addition, the branching ratio of the 207.8 keV γ-ray line stemming from electron capture of 167Tm was measured to be 0.419(16). The result of these measurements provide more accurate diagnostic estimation of the so called reaction-in-flight neutrons produced via the internal confinement fusion plasma in deuterium-tritium capsules at the National Ignition Facility.

LALAGE - a computer program to calculate the TM01 modes of cylindrically symmetrical multicell resonant structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fernandes, P.

1982-01-01

An improvement has been made to the LALA program to compute resonant frequencies and fields for all the modes of the lowest TM 01 band-pass of multicell structures. The results are compared with those calculated by another popular rf cavity code and with experimentally measured quantities. (author)

Single-phased CaAl2Si2O8:Tm3+, Dy3+ white-light phosphors under ultraviolet excitation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, Penghui; Yu, Xue; Xu, Xuhui; Jiang, Tingming; Yu, Hongling; Zhou, Dacheng; Yang, Zhengwen; Song, Zhiguo; Qiu, Jianbei

2013-01-01

A novel white-light-emitting phosphor CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 :Tm, Dy was synthesized in ambient atmosphere by solid-state reaction. The energy transfer from Tm 3+ to Dy 3+ ions via a dipole–quadrupole reaction was observed and investigated. Upon UV excitation, white light emission was achieved by integrating a blue emission band located at 455 nm and an orange one located at 574 nm attributed to Tm 3+ and Dy 3+ ions, respectively. In addition, the energy-transfer efficiency and critical distance were calculated. Results suggested that the phosphor might be promising as a single-phased white-light-emitting phosphor for UV white-light LED. - Graphical abstract: The results indicate the existence of energy transfer from Tm 3+ to Dy 3+ . By tuning the concentration of Dy 3+ , single-phased white light can be realized. - Highlights: ► Energy transfer from Tm 3+ to Dy 3+ was investigated. ► Color tunable from blue to white can be achieved. ► White light can be realized in CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 :Tm 3+ , Dy 3+ phosphor

Origin of green luminescence in hydrothermally grown ZnO single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Čížek, J., E-mail: jakub.cizek@mff.cuni.cz; Hruška, P.; Melikhova, O.; Procházka, I. [Department of Low-Temperature Physics, Charles University in Prague, V Holešovičkách 2, CZ-180 00, Prague 8 (Czech Republic); Valenta, J. [Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 3, CZ-121 16, Prague 2 (Czech Republic); Novotný, M.; Bulíř, J. [Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Institute of Physics, Na Slovance 2, CZ-182 21 Praha 8 (Czech Republic)

2015-06-22

Combining photoluminescence and positron annihilation studies of hydrothermally grown ZnO crystals with stoichiometry varied by controlled annealing enabled us to clarify the origin of green luminescence. It was found that green luminescence in ZnO has multiple origins and consists of a band at 2.3(1) eV due to recombination of electrons of the conduction band by zinc vacancy acceptors coupled with hydrogen and a band at 2.47(2) eV related to oxygen vacancies. The as-grown ZnO crystals contain zinc vacancies associated with hydrogen and exhibit a green luminescence at 2.3(1) eV. Annealing in Zn vapor removed zinc vacancies and introduced oxygen vacancies. This led to disappearance of the green luminescence band at 2.3(1) eV and appearance of a green emission at higher energy of 2.47(2) eV. Moreover, the color of the crystal was changed from colorless to dark red. In contrast, annealing of the as-grown crystal in Cd vapor did not remove zinc vacancies and did not cause any significant change of green luminescence nor change in coloration.

Origin of green luminescence in hydrothermally grown ZnO single crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Čížek, J.; Hruška, P.; Melikhova, O.; Procházka, I.; Valenta, J.; Novotný, M.; Bulíř, J.

2015-01-01

Combining photoluminescence and positron annihilation studies of hydrothermally grown ZnO crystals with stoichiometry varied by controlled annealing enabled us to clarify the origin of green luminescence. It was found that green luminescence in ZnO has multiple origins and consists of a band at 2.3(1) eV due to recombination of electrons of the conduction band by zinc vacancy acceptors coupled with hydrogen and a band at 2.47(2) eV related to oxygen vacancies. The as-grown ZnO crystals contain zinc vacancies associated with hydrogen and exhibit a green luminescence at 2.3(1) eV. Annealing in Zn vapor removed zinc vacancies and introduced oxygen vacancies. This led to disappearance of the green luminescence band at 2.3(1) eV and appearance of a green emission at higher energy of 2.47(2) eV. Moreover, the color of the crystal was changed from colorless to dark red. In contrast, annealing of the as-grown crystal in Cd vapor did not remove zinc vacancies and did not cause any significant change of green luminescence nor change in coloration

Origin of green luminescence in hydrothermally grown ZnO single crystals

Science.gov (United States)

Čížek, J.; Valenta, J.; Hruška, P.; Melikhova, O.; Procházka, I.; Novotný, M.; Bulíř, J.

2015-06-01

Combining photoluminescence and positron annihilation studies of hydrothermally grown ZnO crystals with stoichiometry varied by controlled annealing enabled us to clarify the origin of green luminescence. It was found that green luminescence in ZnO has multiple origins and consists of a band at 2.3(1) eV due to recombination of electrons of the conduction band by zinc vacancy acceptors coupled with hydrogen and a band at 2.47(2) eV related to oxygen vacancies. The as-grown ZnO crystals contain zinc vacancies associated with hydrogen and exhibit a green luminescence at 2.3(1) eV. Annealing in Zn vapor removed zinc vacancies and introduced oxygen vacancies. This led to disappearance of the green luminescence band at 2.3(1) eV and appearance of a green emission at higher energy of 2.47(2) eV. Moreover, the color of the crystal was changed from colorless to dark red. In contrast, annealing of the as-grown crystal in Cd vapor did not remove zinc vacancies and did not cause any significant change of green luminescence nor change in coloration.

Band structure of one-dimensional doped photonic crystal with three level atoms using the Fresnel coefficients method

Science.gov (United States)

Jafari, A.; Rahmat, A.; Bakkeshizadeh, S.

2018-01-01

We consider a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) composed of double-layered dielectrics. Electric permittivity and magnetic permeability of this crystal depends on the incident electromagnetic wave frequency. We suppose that three level atoms have been added to the second layer of each dielectric and this photonic crystal (PC) has been doped. These atoms can be added to the layer with different rates. In this paper, we have calculated and compared the band structure of the mentioned PC considering the effect of added atoms to the second layer with different rates through the Fresnel coefficients method. We find out that according to the effective medium theory, the electric permittivity of the second layer changes. Also the band structure of PC for both TE and TM polarizations changes, too. The width of bandgaps related to “zero averaged refractive index” and “Bragg” increases. Moreover, new gap branches appear in new frequencies at both TE and TM polarizations. In specific state, two branches of “zero permittivity” gap appear in the PC band structure related to TM polarization. With increasing the amount of the filling rate of total volume with three level atoms, we observe a lot of changes in the PC band structure.

Characterisation and luminescence studies of Tm and Na doped magnesium borate phosphors.

Science.gov (United States)

Ekdal, E; Garcia Guinea, J; Karabulut, Y; Canimoglu, A; Harmansah, C; Jorge, A; Karali, T; Can, N

2015-09-01

In this study, structural and luminescence properties of magnesium borate of the form MgB4O7 doped with Tm and Na were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL). The morphologies of the synthetised compounds exhibit clustered granules and road-like materials. As doping trivalent ions into a host with divalent cations requires charge compensation, this effect is discussed. The CL spectra of undoped MgB4O7 shows a broad band emission centred around 350 nm which is postulated to be produced by self-trapped excitons and some other defects. From the CL emission spectrum, main emission bands centred at 360, 455, 475 nm due to the respective transitions of (1)D2→(3)H6,(1)D2→(3)F4 and (1)G4→(3)H6 suggest the presence of Tm(3+) ion in MgB4O7 lattice site. CL mechanism was proposed to explain the observed phenomena which are valuable in possibility of the developing new luminescent materials for different applications. In addition, the experimental Raman spectrum of doped and undoped MgB4O7 were reported and discussed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparative study of Tm-doped and Tm-Sc co-doped Lu3Al5O12 scintillator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sugiyama, Makoto; Yanagida, Takayuki; Fujimoto, Yutaka

2014-01-01

The crystals of Tm doped and Tm-Sc co-doped Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 (LuAG) grown by the floating zone (FZ) method were examined for their optical and scintillation properties. In transmittance spectra, strong absorption lines due to Tm 3+ 4f–4f transitions were observed. X-ray excited radioluminescence spectra were measured and broad and sharp emission peaks were detected. The former one was attributed to Sc 3+ and the latter one was due to Tm 3+ 4f–4f transitions. Scintillation yield enhancement due to Sc co-doping was observed by means of 137 Cs pulse height spectra. Scintillation decay times were several tens of μs under pulse X-ray excitation. - Highlights: • LuAG:Tm and LuAG:Tm, Sc single crystals have been grown by the FZ method. • Tm 3+ 4f–4f absorption has been observed in transmittance spectra. • Scintillation yield of Tm-doped LuAG has been enhanced by Sc co-doping

Intense blue upconversion emission and intrinsic optical bistability in Tm3+/Yb3+/Zn2+ tridoped YVO4 phosphors

Science.gov (United States)

Yadav, Manglesh; Mondal, Manisha; Mukhopadhyay, Lakshmi; Rai, Vineet Kumar

2018-04-01

Tm3+/Yb3+/Zn2+:yttrium metavanadate (YVO4) phosphors prepared through chemical coprecipitation and the solid state reaction method have been structurally characterized by an x-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Photoluminescence study of the developed phosphors under ultraviolet (UV) and near infrared (NIR) excitation has been performed. The excitation spectrum of the tetragonal zircon type YVO4 phosphors corresponding to the emission at ˜476 nm exhibits a broad excitation peak in the 250-350 nm region, which is due to charge distribution in the {{{{VO}}}4}3- group. Under 980 nm CW diode laser excitation, enhancements of about ˜3000 times and ˜40 times have been observed for the blue band in the tridoped Tm3+Yb3+Zn2+:YVO4 phosphors compared to those of the Tm3+:YVO4 singly and Tm3+/Yb3+:YVO4 codoped phosphors, respectively. A downconversion (DC) emission study shows an enhancement of about ˜50 times for the blue band in the tridoped phosphors compared to that of the singly doped phosphors. Optical bistability (OB) behavior of the developed phosphors has been also investigated upon 980 nm excitation. The calculated Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) color coordinates lie in the blue region with 96.5% color purity under 980 nm excitation, having a color temperature of ˜3400 K. Our observations show that the developed phosphors may be suitably used in dual mode luminescence spectroscopy, display devices, and UV LED chips.

Overmoded subterahertz surface wave oscillator with pure TM01 mode output

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Guangqiang; Zeng, Peng; Wang, Dongyang; Wang, Jianguo; Li, Shuang

2016-01-01

Overmoded O-type Cerenkov generators using annular electron beams are facing the problem of multi-modes output due to the inevitable structural discontinuities. A simple but effective method to achieve the pure TM 01 mode output is applied on the 0.14 THz overmoded surface wave oscillator (SWO) in this paper. In spite of still using an overmoded slow wave structure to ensure the easy fabrication, the followed smooth circular waveguide is shrinkingly tapered to the output waveguide with appropriate radius that it cuts off other higher modes except TM 01 mode. Moreover, the modified device here has the same power capacity as the previous one according to the numerical analysis. By optimized lengths of the transition waveguide and tapered waveguide, particle-in-cell simulation results indicate that the subterahertz wave with output power increased 14.2% at the same frequency is obtained from the proposed SWO under the previous input conditions, and importantly, the output power is all carried by TM 01 mode as expected. Further simulation results in the pulse regime confirm the feasibility of the optimized structure in the actual experiments. This simple and viable design is also applicable to overmoded devices in the lower frequency band of subterahertz wave

Combining lake and watershed characteristics with Landsat TM data for remote estimation of regional lake clarity

Science.gov (United States)

McCullough, Ian M.; Loftin, Cyndy; Sader, Steven A.

2012-01-01

Water clarity is a reliable indicator of lake productivity and an ideal metric of regional water quality. Clarity is an indicator of other water quality variables including chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus and trophic status; however, unlike these metrics, clarity can be accurately and efficiently estimated remotely on a regional scale. Remote sensing is useful in regions containing a large number of lakes that are cost prohibitive to monitor regularly using traditional field methods. Field-assessed lakes generally are easily accessible and may represent a spatially irregular, non-random sample of a region. We developed a remote monitoring program for Maine lakes >8 ha (1511 lakes) to supplement existing field monitoring programs. We combined Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) brightness values for TM bands 1 (blue) and 3 (red) to estimate water clarity (secchi disk depth) during 1990–2010. Although similar procedures have been applied to Minnesota and Wisconsin lakes, neither state incorporates physical lake variables or watershed characteristics that potentially affect clarity into their models. Average lake depth consistently improved model fitness, and the proportion of wetland area in lake watersheds also explained variability in clarity in some cases. Nine regression models predicted water clarity (R2 = 0.69–0.90) during 1990–2010, with separate models for eastern (TM path 11; four models) and western Maine (TM path 12; five models that captured differences in topography and landscape disturbance. Average absolute difference between model-estimated and observed secchi depth ranged 0.65–1.03 m. Eutrophic and mesotrophic lakes consistently were estimated more accurately than oligotrophic lakes. Our results show that TM bands 1 and 3 can be used to estimate regional lake water clarity outside the Great Lakes Region and that the accuracy of estimates is improved with additional model variables that reflect

Landsat thematic mapper (TM) soil variability analysis over Webster County, Iowa

Science.gov (United States)

Thompson, D. R.; Henderson, K. E.; Pitts, D. E.

1984-01-01

Thematic mapper simulator (TMS) data acquired June 7, June 23, and July 31, 1982, and Landsat thematic mapper (TM) data acquired August 2, September 3, and October 21, 1982, over Webster County, Iowa, were examined for within-field soil effects on corn and soybean spectral signatures. It was found that patterns displayed on various computer-generated map products were in close agreement with the detailed soil survey of the area. The difference in spectral values appears to be due to a combination of subtle soil properties and crop growth patterns resulting from the different soil properties. Bands 4 (0.76-.90 micron), 5 (1.55-1.75 micron), and 7 (2.08-2.35 micron) were found to be responding to the within-field soil variability even with increasing ground cover. While these results are preliminary, they do indicate that the soil influence on the vegetation is being detected by TM and should provide improved information relating to crop and soil properties.

Tropical forest plantation biomass estimation using RADARSAT-SAR and TM data of south china

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Chenli; Niu, Zheng; Gu, Xiaoping; Guo, Zhixing; Cong, Pifu

2005-10-01

Forest biomass is one of the most important parameters for global carbon stock model yet can only be estimated with great uncertainties. Remote sensing, especially SAR data can offers the possibility of providing relatively accurate forest biomass estimations at a lower cost than inventory in study tropical forest. The goal of this research was to compare the sensitivity of forest biomass to Landsat TM and RADARSAT-SAR data and to assess the efficiency of NDVI, EVI and other vegetation indices in study forest biomass based on the field survey date and GIS in south china. Based on vegetation indices and factor analysis, multiple regression and neural networks were developed for biomass estimation for each species of the plantation. For each species, the better relationships between the biomass predicted and that measured from field survey was obtained with a neural network developed for the species. The relationship between predicted and measured biomass derived from vegetation indices differed between species. This study concludes that single band and many vegetation indices are weakly correlated with selected forest biomass. RADARSAT-SAR Backscatter coefficient has a relatively good logarithmic correlation with forest biomass, but neither TM spectral bands nor vegetation indices alone are sufficient to establish an efficient model for biomass estimation due to the saturation of bands and vegetation indices, multiple regression models that consist of spectral and environment variables improve biomass estimation performance. Comparing with TM, a relatively well estimation result can be achieved by RADARSAT-SAR, but all had limitations in tropical forest biomass estimation. The estimation results obtained are not accurate enough for forest management purposes at the forest stand level. However, the approximate volume estimates derived by the method can be useful in areas where no other forest information is available. Therefore, this paper provides a better

Fusion of AIRSAR and TM Data for Parameter Classification and Estimation in Dense and Hilly Forests

Science.gov (United States)

Moghaddam, Mahta; Dungan, J. L.; Coughlan, J. C.

2000-01-01

The expanded remotely sensed data space consisting of coincident radar backscatter and optical reflectance data provides for a more complete description of the Earth surface. This is especially useful where many parameters are needed to describe a certain scene, such as in the presence of dense and complex-structured vegetation or where there is considerable underlying topography. The goal of this paper is to use a combination of radar and optical data to develop a methodology for parameter classification for dense and hilly forests, and further, class-specific parameter estimation. The area to be used in this study is the H. J. Andrews Forest in Oregon, one of the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites in the US. This area consists of various dense old-growth conifer stands, and contains significant topographic relief. The Andrews forest has been the subject of many ecological studies over several decades, resulting in an abundance of ground measurements. Recently, biomass and leaf-area index (LAI) values for approximately 30 reference stands have also become available which span a large range of those parameters. The remote sensing data types to be used are the C-, L-, and P-band polarimetric radar data from the JPL airborne SAR (AIRSAR), the C-band single-polarization data from the JPL topographic SAR (TOPSAR), and the Thematic Mapper (TM) data from Landsat, all acquired in late April 1998. The total number of useful independent data channels from the AIRSAR is 15 (three frequencies, each with three unique polarizations and amplitude and phase of the like-polarized correlation), from the TOPSAR is 2 (amplitude and phase of the interferometric correlation), and from the TM is 6 (the thermal band is not used). The range pixel spacing of the AIRSAR is 3.3m for C- and L-bands and 6.6m for P-band. The TOPSAR pixel spacing is 10m, and the TM pixel size is 30m. To achieve parameter classification, first a number of parameters are defined which are of interest to

Response of Thematic Mapper bands to plant water stress

Science.gov (United States)

Cibula, W. G.; Zetka, E. F.; Rickman, D. L.

1992-01-01

Changes in leaf reflectance as water content decreases have been hypothesized to occur in the 1.55-1.75 and 2.08-2.35 micron wavelength regions. To evaluate this hypothesis, studies were conducted on ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and oats (Avena sativa L.), which were grown in a controlled, outdoor situation. Both fully-watered control beds and water-stressed beds were periodically examined with a spectroradiometer calibrated against a reflectance reference of polytetrafluoroethylene. The observed changes correspond to those predicted by stochastic leaf models employed by other investigators (leaf reflection increases in the 1.55-1.75 micron region as leaf water content decreases). Although the percentage changes in TM bands 1-3 are nearly as great as those found in TM bands 5 and 7, the absolute values of reflectance change are much lower. It is believed that these patterns are probably characteristic of a broad range of vegetation types. In terms of phenomena detection, these patterns should be considered in any practical remote sensing sensor scenario.

Spectral shapes and a beta-gamma directional correlation in the beta decay of 172Tm (Jpi = 2-)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gregers Hansen, P.; Loft Nielsen, H.; Wilsky, K.

1966-01-01

The isotope 172Tm populates the 0+, 2+ and 4+ states of the 172Yb ground-state rotational band directly in beta decay. The shapes and intensities of the three beta groups have been measured by means of a six-gap magnetic spectrometer operated in coincidence with a Nal(Tl) crystal. The experimenta...

Delayed band crossing in the unfavoured signature partner of the h{sub 9/2}[541]1/2{sup -} band in {sup 163}Tm

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jensen, H J; Hagemann, G B; Atac, A; Herskind, B; Lieder, R M; Maj, A; Nyberg, J; Sugawara, M; Virtanen, A [Niels Bohr Inst., Copenhagen (Denmark); Tjoem, P O; Ingebretsen, F [Oslo Univ. (Norway); Bergstroem, M; Brockstept, A; Carisson, H; Ekstroem, P; Nordlund, A; Ryde, H [Lund Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Physics; Espino, J M [Departamento di Fisica Atomica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universida de Sevilla (Spain); Bracco, A; Leoni, S; Million, B [Milan Univ. (Italy). Ist. di Fisica; Jongman, J [Kerfysisch Versneller Instituut, Groningen (Netherlands); Loennroth, T [Aabo Akademi, Turku (Finland); Piiparinen, M [Jyvaeskylae Univ. (Finland). Dept. of Physics

1992-08-01

The nucleus {sup 163}Tm was populated by the reaction {sup 37}Cl + {sup 130}Te. The gamma rays were detected with the NORDBALL spectrometer. Using a very large data set, it has been possible for the first time to establish the unfavoured signature partner of the {pi}h{sub 9/2}[541]1/2{sup -} configuration high enough in spin to determine the AB neutron crossing frequency. 9 refs., 4 figs.

Papain cleavage of the 38,000-dalton fragment inhibits the binding of 4, 4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2, 2'-disulfonate to lys-539 on the 60,000-dalton fragment in human band 3.

Science.gov (United States)

Yamaguchi, Takeo; Kojima, Hideaki; Kawaguchi, Shiori; Shimada, Maiko; Aso, Haruka

2017-08-01

Human band 3 is a 98-kDa transmembrane (TM) protein comprising 14 TM segments. Papain cleavages band 3 into 38- and 60-kDa fragments. Under vigorous conditions, the cleavage of the loop region between the TM 7 of gate domain and the TM 8 of core domain in the 38-kDa fragment produces 7- and 31-kDa fragments. Conformational changes of the TM 5 segment containing Lys-539 by cleavage of the 38-kDa fragment remain unclear. Pressure-induced haemolysis of erythrocytes was suppressed by binding of 4, 4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2, 2'-disulfonate (DIDS) to Lys-539. Such effect of DIDS was not observed upon cleavage of the 38-kDa fragment, because of inhibition of DIDS binding to Lys-539. Using fluorescence of DIDS labelled to Lys-539, conformational changes of band 3 were examined. Fluorescence spectra demonstrated that the molecular motion of DIDS is more restricted upon digestion of the 38-kDa fragment. Interestingly, the quenching of DIDS fluorescence showed that Hg2+ is less accessible to DIDS upon digestion of the 38-kDa fragment. Taken together, we propose that the conformational changes of the TM 5 segment characterized by the sequestration and restricted motion of Lys-539 are induced by the cleavage of the loop region between the TM 7 and the TM 8. © The Authors 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Japanese Biochemical Society. All rights reserved.

An enhanced narrow-band imaging method for the microvessel detection

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Feng; Song, Enmin; Liu, Hong; Wan, Youming; Zhu, Jun; Hung, Chih-Cheng

2018-02-01

A medical endoscope system combined with the narrow-band imaging (NBI), has been shown to be a superior diagnostic tool for early cancer detection. The NBI can reveal the morphologic changes of microvessels in the superficial cancer. In order to improve the conspicuousness of microvessel texture, we propose an enhanced NBI method to improve the conspicuousness of endoscopic images. To obtain the more conspicuous narrow-band images, we use the edge operator to extract the edge information of the narrow-band blue and green images, and give a weight to the extracted edges. Then, the weighted edges are fused with the narrow-band blue and green images. Finally, the displayed endoscopic images are reconstructed with the enhanced narrow-band images. In addition, we evaluate the performance of enhanced narrow-band images with different edge operators. Experimental results indicate that the Sobel and Canny operators achieve the best performance of all. Compared with traditional NBI method of Olympus company, our proposed method has more conspicuous texture of microvessel.

Conduction band-edge d-states in high-k dielectrics due to Jahn-Teller term splittings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lucovsky, G.; Fulton, C.C.; Zhang, Y.; Luning, J.; Edge, L.; Whitten, J.L.; Nemanich, R.J.; Schlom, D.G.; Afanase'v, V.V.

2005-01-01

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is used to study conduction band edge electronic structure of high-k transition metal (TM) and trivalent lanthanide series rare earth (RE) oxide dielectrics. Empty TM/RE d-states are studied by intra-atomic transitions originating in core level spin-orbit split p-states, and conduction band states are studied in inter-atomic transitions which originate in the oxygen atom 1s core level state. In non-crystalline Zr and Hf silicate alloys, the local bonding symmetry, or crystal field splits these d-states into doubly and triply degenerate features. In nano-crystalline oxides, there are additional d-state splittings due to contributions of more distant neighbors that completely remove d-state degeneracies via the Jahn-Teller effect mechanism. This gives rise to highly localized band edge states that are electronically active in photoconductivity, internal photoemission, and act as bulk traps in metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices

Photonic band gap properties of one-dimensional Thue-Morse all-dielectric photonic quasicrystal

Science.gov (United States)

Yue, Chenxi; Tan, Wei; Liu, Jianjun

2018-05-01

In this paper, the photonic band gap (PBG) properties of one-dimensional (1D) Thue-Morse photonic quasicrystal (PQC) S4 structure are theoretically investigated by using transfer matrix method in Bragg condition. The effects of the center wavelength, relative permittivity and incident angle on PBG properties are elaborately analyzed. Numerical results reveal that, in the case of normal incidence, the symmetry and periodicity properties of the photonic band structure are presented. As the center wavelength increases, the PBG center frequency and PBG width decrease while the photonic band structure is always symmetrical about the central frequency and the photonic band structure repeats periodically in the expanding observation frequency range. With the decrease of relative permittivity contrast, the PBG width and the relative PBG width gradually decreases until PBG disappears while the symmetry of the photonic band structure always exists. In the case of oblique incidence, as the incident angle increases, multiple narrow PBGs gradually merge into a wide PBG for the TE mode while for the TM mode, the number of PBG continuously decreases and eventually disappears, i.e., multiple narrow PBGs become a wide passband for the TM mode. The research results will provide a reference for the choice of the material, the incident angle for the PBG properties and its applications of 1D Thue-Morse PQC.

Energy transfer between doubly doped Er3+, Tm3+and Ho3+ rare earth ions in SiO2 nanoparticles

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Dhlamini, MS

2011-04-01

Full Text Available + and Ho3+ ions are reported. Another emission peak in the near infra-red (NIR) region at 875 nm from Er3+ was also measured. Blue emission at 460 nm, red at 705 nm and a NIR peak in the region of 865 nmfrom Tm3+ were observed. Red, green and blue (RGB...

First observation of yrast band in odd-odd 162Lu

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Y.H.; Yuan, G.J.; Liu, X.A.

1996-01-01

High spin states of the odd-odd 162 Lu nucleus have been studied via 147 Sm( 19 F, 4nγ) 162 Lu reaction at 95MeV beam energy. Level scheme for yrast band based on π[h 11/2 ] υ[i 13/2 ] quasiparticle configuration was established up to I π =(23 - ) for the first time. This band shows the signature inversion in energy before backbending generally appeared in this mass region. It is stressed that the signature splitting in 162 Lu is larger than that in the 160 Tm nucleus. (orig.)

A Ku-band magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator with overmoded slow-wave-structure

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Tao; He, Jun-Tao; Zhang, Jian-De; Li, Zhi-Qiang; Ling, Jun-Pu

2016-12-01

In order to enhance the power capacity, an improved Ku-band magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) with overmoded slow-wave-structure (SWS) is proposed and investigated numerically and experimentally. The analysis of the dispersion relationship and the resonant curve of the cold test indicate that the device can operate at the near π mode of the TM01 mode, which is useful for mode selection and control. In the particle simulation, the improved Ku-band MILO generates a microwave with a power of 1.5 GW and a frequency of 12.3 GHz under an input voltage of 480 kV and input current of 42 kA. Finally, experimental investigation of the improved Ku-band MILO is carried out. A high-power microwave (HPM) with an average power of 800 MW, a frequency of 12.35 GHz, and pulse width of 35 ns is generated under a diode voltage of 500 kV and beam current of 43 kA. The consistency between the experimental and simulated far-field radiation pattern confirms that the operating mode of the improved Ku-band MILO is well controlled in π mode of the TM01 mode. Project supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61171021).

Landsat 5 TM images and DEM in lithologic mapping of Payen Volcanic Field (Mendoza Province, Argentina)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fornaciai, A.; Bisson, M.; Mazzarini, F.; Del Carlo, P.; Pasquare, G.

2009-01-01

Satellite image such as Landsat 5 TM scene provides excellent representation of Earth and synoptic view of large geographic areas in different band combination. Landsat TM images allow automatic and semi-automatic classification of land cover, nevertheless the software frequently may some difficulties in distinguishing between similar radiometric surfaces. In this case, the use of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) can be an important tool to identify different surface covers. In this study, several False Color Composite (FCC) of Landsat 5 TM Image, DEM and the respective draped image of them, were used to delineate lithological boundaries and tectonic features of regional significance of the Paven Volcanic Field (PVF). PFV is a Quaternary fissural structure belonging to the black-arc extensional areas of the Andes in the Mendoza Province (Argentina) characterized by many composite basaltic lava flow fields. The necessity to identify different lava flows with the same composition, and then with same spectral features, allows to highlight the improvement of synergic use of TM images and shaded DEM in the visual interpretation. Information obtained from Satellite data and DEM have been compared with previous geological maps and transferred into a topographical base map. Based on these data a new lithological map at 1:100.000 scale has been presented [it

Proposal of a novel compact P-band magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator with inclined vanes

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xiaoping; Dang, Fangchao; Li, Yangmei; Jin, Zhenxing

2015-06-01

In this paper, we present a novel compact P-band magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) with specially inclined slow-wave-structure (SWS) vanes to decrease its total dimension and weight. The dispersion characteristics of the inclined SWS are investigated in detail and made comparisons with that of the traditional straight SWS. The results show that the inclined SWS is more advantageous in operating on a steady frequency in a wide voltage range and has a better asymmetric mode segregation and a relatively large band-gap between the TM00 and TM01 modes which are in favor of avoiding the asymmetric and transverse mode competition. Besides, the transverse dimension of the proposed novel inclined SWS with the same operation frequency is decreased by about 50%, and correspondingly the device volume shrinks remarkably to its 0.35 times. In particle-in-cell simulation, the electron bunching spokes are obviously formed in the inclined SWS, and a P-band high-power microwave with a power of 5.8 GW, frequency of 645 MHz, and efficiency of 17.2% is generated by the proposed device, which indicates the feasibility of the compact design with the inclined vanes at the P-band.

Ag2O dependent up-conversion luminescence properties in Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped oxyfluorogermanate glasses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu, Yuebo; Qiu, Jianbei; Song, Zhiguo; Zhou, Dacheng

2014-01-01

Up-conversion (UC) luminescence properties of Ag/Tm 3+ /Er 3+ /Yb 3+ co-doped oxyfluorogermanate glasses have been studied to assess the effective role of silver nanoparticles as a sensitizer for Tm 3+ and Er 3+ ions. The X-ray diffraction patterns obtained in this work do not reveal any crystalline phase in the glass. However, the absorption spectra reveal that surface plasmons resonance band of Ag undergoes a distinct split with two maxima and a very broad absorption peak with a background that extends toward the near infrared (NIR) with the increasing of Ag 2 O added concentration. Transmission electron microscope images confirm that silver nanoparticles have been precipitated from matrix glasses and show their distribution, size, and shapes. In addition, changes in UC luminescence intensity of four emission bands 476, 524, 546, and 658 nm corresponding to 1 G 4 → 3 H 6 (Tm 3+ ), ( 2 H 11/2 , 4 S 3/2 ) → 4 I 15/2 (Er 3+ ), and 4 F 9/2 → 4 I 15/2 (Er 3+ ) transitions, respectively, as a function of silver addition to the base composition have been measured under 980 nm excitation. It is confirmed that Ag 2 O added concentration plays an important role in increasing the UC luminescence intensity; however, further increase in Ag 2 O added concentration reduces the intensity

Thermal properties and optical transition probabilities of Tm3 + doped TeO2-WO3 glass.

Science.gov (United States)

Cenk, S; Demirata, B; Oveçoglu, M L; Ozen, G

2001-10-01

Glasses with the composition of (1 - x)TeO2 + (x)WO3, where x = 0.15, 0.25 and 0.3 were prepared and, their thermal and absorption measurements were carried out. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) curves taken in the 23-600 degrees C temperature range with a heating rate of 10 degrees C/min reveal a change in the value of the glass transition temperature, Tg, while crystallization was not observed for the glasses containing a WO3 content of more than 15 mol%. All the glasses were found to be moisture-resistant. The absorption bands corresponding to the absorption of the 1G4, 3F2, 3F3 and 3F4, 3H5 and 3H4 levels from the 3H6 ground level of the Tm3+ ion were observed in the optical absorption spectra. Integrated absorption cross-sections of each band except that of 3H5 level was found to vary with the glass composition. Judd-Ofelt analysis was carried out for the samples doped with 1.0 mol% Tm2O3. The omega2 parameter shows the strongest dependence on the host composition and it increases with the increasing WO3 amount. The value of omega4 increases rather slowly while the value of omega6 is practically independent of the composition. The strong dependence of the parameter omega2 indicates that this parameter is related to the structural change and the symmetry of the local environment of the Tm3+ ions in this glass.

Covalent bonding and band-gap formation in ternary transition-metal di-aluminides: Al4MnCo and related compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krajci, M.; Hafner, J.

2002-01-01

In this paper we extend our previous study of the electronic structure of and bonding mechanism in transition-metal (TM) di-aluminides to ternary systems. We have studied the character of the bonding in Al 4 MnCo and related TM di-aluminides in the C11 b (MoSi 2 ) and C54 (TiSi 2 ) crystal structures. A peculiar feature of the electronic structure of these TM di-aluminides is the existence of a semiconducting gap at the Fermi level. In our previous work we predicted a gap in Al 2 TM compounds where the TM atoms have eight valence electrons. Here we demonstrate that the semiconducting gap does not disappear if the TM sites are occupied by two different TMs, provided that the electron-per-atom ratio is conserved. Such a replacement substantially increases the class of possibly semiconducting TM di-aluminides. Substitution for 3d TMs of 4d or 5d TMs enhances the width of the gap. From the analysis of the charge density distribution and the crystal orbital overlap population, we conclude that the bonding between atoms has dominantly covalent character. This is confirmed not only by the enhanced charge density halfway between atoms, but also by the clear bonding-antibonding splitting of the electronic states. If the gaps between split states that correspond to all bonding configurations in the crystal have a common overlap at the Fermi level, the intermetallic compound becomes a semiconductor. However, the results of the total-energy calculations suggest that the existence of a band gap does not necessarily imply a stable structure. Strong covalent bonds can exist also in Al-TM structures where no band gap is observed. (author)

UV, blue and red upconversion emission in Tm3+ doped Y2O3 phosphor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pandey, Anurag; Kaushal Kumar; Rai, Vineet Kumar

2012-01-01

Optimized solution combustion route has been adopted to prepare Tm 3+ doped Y 2 O 3 phosphor. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the doped phosphor for getting the structural information has been performed. Intense UV, blue and red emissions exhibiting narrow band have been monitored using 980 nm diode laser excitation. The origin of UV, blue and red upconversion emissions has been explained based on the available data. (author)

Intercomparison of 30+ years of AVHRR and Landsat-5 TM Surface Reflectance using Multiple Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Sites

Science.gov (United States)

Santamaría-Artigas, A. E.; Franch, B.; Vermote, E.; Roger, J. C.; Justice, C. O.

2017-12-01

The 30+ years daily surface reflectance long term data record (LTDR) from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is a valuable source of information for long-term studies of the Earth surface. This LTDR was generated by combining observations from multiple AVHRR sensors aboard different NOAA satellites starting from the early 1980s, and due to the lack of on-board calibration its quality should be evaluated. Previous studies have used observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) over pseudo-invariant calibration sites (PICS) as a calibrated reference to assess the performance of AVHRR products. However, this limits the evaluation to the period after MODIS launch. In this work, the AVHRR surface reflectance LTDR was evaluated against Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data using observations from 4 well known pseudo-invariant calibration sites (i.e. Sonoran, Saharan, Sudan1, and Libya4) over an extended time period (1984-2011). For the intercomparison, AVHRR and TM observations of each site were extracted and averaged over a 20 km x 20 km area and aggregated to monthly mean values. In order to account for the spectral differences between sensors, Hyperion hyperspectral data from the Sonoran and Libya4 sites were convolved with sensor-specific relative spectral responses, and used to compute spectral band adjustment factors (SBAFs). Results of the intercomparison are reported in terms of the root mean square difference (RMSD) and determination coefficient (r2). In general, there is good agreement between the surface reflectance products from both sensors. The overall RMSD and r2 for all the sites and AVHRR/TM combinations were 0.03 and 0.85 for the red band, and 0.04 and 0.81 for the near-infrared band. These results show the strong performance of the AVHRR surface reflectance LTDR through all of the considered period. Thus, remarking its usefulness and value for long term Earth studies. Figure 1 shows the red (filled markers

Formation and characterization of ZnO : Tm+ optical waveguides fabricated by Tm+ and O+ ion implantation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ming Xianbing; Lu Fei; Liu Hanping; Chen Ming; Wang Lei

2009-01-01

Planar optical waveguides were formed in ZnO crystal by Tm + and O + ion implantation. The distributions of Tm + in as-implanted and annealed ZnO samples were investigated by the RBS technique. A shift of the Tm + peak towards the sample surface and out diffusion were observed after thermal treatment and subsequent O + ion implantation. Waveguide formation was determined after O + implantation in Tm + -implanted ZnO crystal. By using the prism-coupling method two guided modes were detected. The refractive index profile in the implanted waveguide was reconstructed according to the SRIM and RCM simulation. The RBS/channelling measurements show that the lattice structure of ZnO did not suffer detectable damage after O + implantation.

Resonant enhancement of band-to-band tunneling in in-plane MoS2/WS2 heterojunctions

Science.gov (United States)

Kuroda, Tatsuya; Mori, Nobuya

2018-04-01

The band-to-band (BTB) tunneling current J through in-plane MoS2/WS2 heterojunctions is calculated by the nonequilibrium Green function method combined with tight-binding approximation. Types A and B of band configurations are considered. For type-A (type-B) heterojunctions, a potential notch exists (or is absent) at the heterointerface. Both type-A and type-B MoS2/WS2 heterojunctions can support a higher BTB current than MoS2 and WS2 homojunctions. For type-A heterojunctions, the resonant enhancement of J occurs resulting in a significantly higher BTB tunneling current.

Temperature dependence of LRE-HRE-TM thin films

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Zuoyi; Cheng, Xiaomin; Lin, Gengqi; Li, Zhen; Huang, Zhixin; Jin, Fang; Wang, Xianran; Yang, Xiaofei

2003-04-01

Temperature dependence of the properties of RE-TM thin films is very important for MO recording. In this paper, we studied the temperature dependence of the magnetic and magneto-optical properties of the amorphous LRE-HRE-TM single layer thin films and LRE-HRE-TM/HRE-TM couple-bilayered thin films. For LRE-HRE-TM single layer thin films, the temperature dependence of the magnetization was investigated by using the mean field theory. The experimental and theoretical results matched very well. With the LRE substitution in HRE-TM thin film, the compensation temperature Tcomp decreased and the curie temperature Tc remained unchanged. Kerr rotation angle became larger and the saturation magnetization Ms at room temperature increased. For LRE-HRE-TM/HRE-TM couple-bilayered thin films, comparisons of the temperature dependences of the coercivities and Kerr rotation angles were made between isolated sublayers and couple-bilayered thin film.

Host-Sensitized and Tunable Luminescence of GdNbO4:Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Eu3+/Tb3+/Tm3+) Nanocrystalline Phosphors with Abundant Color.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Xiaoming; Chen, Chen; Li, Shuailong; Dai, Yuhua; Guo, Huiqin; Tang, Xinghua; Xie, Yu; Yan, Liushui

2016-10-17

Up to now, GdNbO 4 has always been regarded as an essentially inert material in the visible region with excitation of UV light and electron beams. Nevertheless, here we demonstrate a new recreating blue emission of GdNbO 4 nanocrystalline phosphors with a quantum efficiency of 41.6% and host sensitized luminescence in GdNbO 4 :Ln 3+ (Ln 3+ = Eu 3+ /Tb 3+ /Tm 3+ ) nanocrystalline phosphors with abundant color in response to UV light and electron beams. The GdNbO 4 and GdNbO 4 :Ln 3+ (Ln 3+ = Eu 3+ /Tb 3+ /Tm 3+ ) nanocrystalline phosphors were synthesized by a Pechini-type sol-gel process. With excitation of UV light and low-voltage electron beams, the obtained GdNbO 4 nanocrystalline phosphor presents a strong blue luminescence from 280 to 650 nm centered around 440 nm, and the GdNbO 4 :Ln 3+ nanocrystalline phosphors show both host emission and respective emission lines derived from the characterize f-f transitions of the doping Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ , and Tm 3+ ions. The luminescence color of GdNbO 4 :Ln 3+ nanocrystalline phosphors can be tuned from blue to green, red, blue-green, orange, pinkish, white, etc. by varying the doping species, concentration, and relative ratio of the codoping rare earth ions in GdNbO 4 host lattice. A single-phase white-light-emission has been realized in Eu 3+ /Tb 3+ /Tm 3+ triply doped GdNbO 4 nanocrystalline phosphors. The luminescence properties and mechanisms of GdNbO 4 and GdNbO 4 :Ln 3+ (Ln 3+ = Eu 3+ /Tb 3+ /Tm 3+ ) are updated.

Measurement of the 169Tm (n ,3 n ) 167Tm cross section and the associated branching ratios in the decay of 167Tm

Science.gov (United States)

Champine, B.; Gooden, M. E.; Krishichayan, Norman, E. B.; Scielzo, N. D.; Stoyer, M. A.; Thomas, K. J.; Tonchev, A. P.; Tornow, W.; Wang, B. S.

2016-01-01

The cross section for the 169Tm(n ,3 n ) 167Tm reaction was measured from 17 to 22 MeV using quasimonoenergetic neutrons produced by the 2H(d ,n ) 3He reaction. This energy range was studied to resolve the discrepancy between previous (n ,3 n ) cross-section measurements. In addition, the absolute γ -ray branching ratios following the electron-capture decay of 167Tm were measured. These results provide more reliable nuclear data for an important diagnostic that is used at the National Ignition Facility to estimate the yield of reaction-in-flight neutrons produced via the inertial-confinement-fusion plasma in deuterium-tritium capsules.

Field analysis of TE and TM modes in photonic crystal Bragg fibers by transmission matrix method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M Hosseini Farzad

2010-03-01

Full Text Available In this article, we considered the field analysis in photonic crystal Bragg fibers. We apply the method of transmission matrix to calculater the dispersion curves, the longitudinal wave number over wave number versus incident wavelength, and the field distributions of TE and TM modes in the Bragg fiber. Our analysis shows that the field of guided modes is confined in the core and can exist only in particular wavelength bands corresponding to the band-gap of the periodic structure of the clad. From another point of view, light confinement is due to Bragg reflection from high-and low-refractive index layers of the clad. Also, the diagram of average angular frequency with respect to average longitudinal wave number is plotted so that the band gap regions of the clad are clearly observed.

The influence of defect drift in external electric field on green luminescence of ZnO single crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Korsunska, N.O.; Borkovska, L.V.; Bulakh, B.M.; Khomenkova, L.Yu.; Kushnirenko, V.I.; Markevich, I.V.

2003-01-01

In nominally undoped Zn O single crystals, the influence of electric field on photoluminescence in visible wavelength range was investigated. A well-known broad unstructured band consisting of green and orange ones was observed. It was found that the action of direct electric field of about 100 V/cm at 600-700 deg. C resulted in the increase of green band intensity near the cathode and its decrease near the anode, while orange band intensity was not influenced by this treatment. The redistribution of green band intensity along the sample under electric field is accounted for by drift of zinc interstitials from the anode to the cathode. It is supposed that emitting centres responsible for green luminescence are complex defects including zinc interstitials

Virally encoded 7TM receptors

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rosenkilde, M M; Waldhoer, M; Lüttichau, H R

2001-01-01

expression of this single gene in certain lymphocyte cell lineages leads to the development of lesions which are remarkably similar to Kaposi's sarcoma, a human herpesvirus 8 associated disease. Thus, this and other virally encoded 7TM receptors appear to be attractive future drug targets.......A number of herpes- and poxviruses encode 7TM G-protein coupled receptors most of which clearly are derived from their host chemokine system as well as induce high expression of certain 7TM receptors in the infected cells. The receptors appear to be exploited by the virus for either immune evasion...

Investigations of mechanical, electronic, and magnetic properties of non-magnetic MgTe and ferro-magnetic Mg0.75TM0.25Te (TM = Fe, Co, Ni): An ab-initio calculation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mahmood, Q; Alay-e-Abbas, S M; Mahmood, I; Noor, N A; Asif, Mahmood

2016-01-01

The mechanical, electronic and magnetic properties of non-magnetic MgTe and ferro-magnetic (FM) Mg 0.75 TM 0.25 Te (TM = Fe, Co, Ni) in the zinc-blende phase are studied by ab-initio calculations for the first time. We use the generalized gradient approximation functional for computing the structural stability, and mechanical properties, while the modified Becke and Johnson local (spin) density approximation (mBJLDA) is utilized for determining the electronic and magnetic properties. By comparing the energies of non-magnetic and FM calculations, we find that the compounds are stable in the FM phase, which is confirmed by their structural stabilities in terms of enthalpy of formation. Detailed descriptions of elastic properties of Mg 0.75 TM 0.25 Te alloys in the FM phase are also presented. For electronic properties, the spin-polarized electronic band structures and density of states are computed, showing that these compounds are direct bandgap materials with strong hybridizations of TM 3d states and Te p states. Further, the ferromagnetism is discussed in terms of the Zener free electron model, RKKY model and double exchange model. The charge density contours in the (110) plane are calculated to study bonding properties. The spin exchange splitting and crystal field splitting energies are also calculated. The distribution of electron spin density is employed in computing the magnetic moments appearing at the magnetic sites (Fe, Co, Ni), as well as at the non-magnetic sites (Mg, Te). It is found that the p–d hybridization causes not only magnetic moments on the magnetic sites but also induces negligibly small magnetic moments at the non-magnetic sites. (paper)

Cross-sensor comparisons between Landsat 5 TM and IRS-P6 AWiFS and disturbance detection using integrated Landsat and AWiFS time-series images

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Xuexia; Vogelmann, James E.; Chander, Gyanesh; Ji, Lei; Tolk, Brian; Huang, Chengquan; Rollins, Matthew

2013-01-01

Routine acquisition of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data was discontinued recently and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) has an ongoing problem with the scan line corrector (SLC), thereby creating spatial gaps when covering images obtained during the process. Since temporal and spatial discontinuities of Landsat data are now imminent, it is therefore important to investigate other potential satellite data that can be used to replace Landsat data. We thus cross-compared two near-simultaneous images obtained from Landsat 5 TM and the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS)-P6 Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS), both captured on 29 May 2007 over Los Angeles, CA. TM and AWiFS reflectances were compared for the green, red, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands, as well as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) based on manually selected polygons in homogeneous areas. All R2 values of linear regressions were found to be higher than 0.99. The temporally invariant cluster (TIC) method was used to calculate the NDVI correlation between the TM and AWiFS images. The NDVI regression line derived from selected polygons passed through several invariant cluster centres of the TIC density maps and demonstrated that both the scene-dependent polygon regression method and TIC method can generate accurate radiometric normalization. A scene-independent normalization method was also used to normalize the AWiFS data. Image agreement assessment demonstrated that the scene-dependent normalization using homogeneous polygons provided slightly higher accuracy values than those obtained by the scene-independent method. Finally, the non-normalized and relatively normalized ‘Landsat-like’ AWiFS 2007 images were integrated into 1984 to 2010 Landsat time-series stacks (LTSS) for disturbance detection using the Vegetation Change Tracker (VCT) model. Both scene-dependent and scene-independent normalized AWiFS data sets could generate disturbance maps similar to

Multifunctional Optical Sensors for Nanomanometry and Nanothermometry: High-Pressure and High-Temperature Upconversion Luminescence of Lanthanide-Doped Phosphates-LaPO4/YPO4:Yb3+-Tm3.

Science.gov (United States)

Runowski, Marcin; Shyichuk, Andrii; Tymiński, Artur; Grzyb, Tomasz; Lavín, Víctor; Lis, Stefan

2018-05-23

Upconversion luminescence of nano-sized Yb 3+ and Tm 3+ codoped rare earth phosphates, that is, LaPO 4 and YPO 4 , has been investigated under high-pressure (HP, up to ∼25 GPa) and high-temperature (293-773 K) conditions. The pressure-dependent luminescence properties of the nanocrystals, that is, energy red shift of the band centroids, changes of the band ratios, shortening of upconversion lifetimes, and so forth, make the studied nanomaterials suitable for optical pressure sensing in nanomanometry. Furthermore, thanks to the large energy difference (∼1800 cm -1 ), the thermalized states of Tm 3+ ions are spectrally well-separated, providing high-temperature resolution, required in optical nanothermometry. The temperature of the system containing such active nanomaterials can be determined on the basis of the thermally induced changes of the Tm 3+ band ratio ( 3 F 2,3 → 3 H 6 / 3 H 4 → 3 H 6 ), observed in the emission spectra. The advantage of such upconverting optical sensors is the use of near-infrared light, which is highly penetrable for many materials. The investigated nanomanometers/nanothermometers have been successfully applied, as a proof-of-concept of a novel bimodal optical gauge, for the determination of the temperature of the heated system (473 K), which was simultaneously compressed under HP (1.5 and 5 GPa).

Comparison of NMR and crystal structures for the proteins TM1112 and TM1367

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mohanty, Biswaranjan; Serrano, Pedro; Pedrini, Bill; Jaudzems, Kristaps; Geralt, Michael; Horst, Reto; Herrmann, Torsten; Elsliger, Marc-André; Wilson, Ian A.; Wüthrich, Kurt

2010-01-01

NMR structures of the proteins TM1112 and TM1367 solved by the JCSG in solution at 298 K could be superimposed with the corresponding crystal structures at 100 K with r.m.s.d. values of <1.0 Å for the backbone heavy atoms. For both proteins the structural differences between multiple molecules in the asymmetric unit of the crystals correlated with structural variations within the bundles of conformers used to represent the NMR solution structures. A recently introduced JCSG NMR structure-determination protocol, which makes use of the software package UNIO for extensive automation, was further evaluated by comparison of the TM1112 structure obtained using these automated methods with another NMR structure that was independently solved in another PSI center, where a largely interactive approach was applied. The NMR structures of the TM1112 and TM1367 proteins from Thermotoga maritima in solution at 298 K were determined following a new protocol which uses the software package UNIO for extensive automation. The results obtained with this novel procedure were evaluated by comparison with the crystal structures solved by the JCSG at 100 K to 1.83 and 1.90 Å resolution, respectively. In addition, the TM1112 solution structure was compared with an NMR structure solved by the NESG using a conventional largely interactive methodology. For both proteins, the newly determined NMR structure could be superimposed with the crystal structure with r.m.s.d. values of <1.0 Å for the backbone heavy atoms, which provided a starting platform to investigate local structure variations, which may arise from either the methods used or from the different chemical environments in solution and in the crystal. Thereby, these comparative studies were further explored with the use of reference NMR and crystal structures, which were computed using the NMR software with input of upper-limit distance constraints derived from the molecular models that represent the results of structure

Band Structure and Quantum Confined Stark Effect in InN/GaN superlattices

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gorczyca, I.; Suski, T.; Christensen, Niels Egede

2012-01-01

InN/GaN superlattices offer an important way of band gap engineering in the blue-green range of the spectrum. This approach represents a more controlled method than the band gap tuning in quantum well systems by application of InGaN alloys. The electronic structures of short-period wurtzite InN/G...... wells and barriers one may tune band gaps over a wide spectral range, which provides flexibility in band gap engineering.......InN/GaN superlattices offer an important way of band gap engineering in the blue-green range of the spectrum. This approach represents a more controlled method than the band gap tuning in quantum well systems by application of InGaN alloys. The electronic structures of short-period wurtzite In......N/GaN(0001) superlattices are investigated, and the variation of the band gap with the thicknesses of the well and the barrier is discussed. Superlattices of the form mInN/nGaN with n ≥ m are simulated using band structure calculations in the Local Density Approximation with a semiempirical correction...

Intracellular distribution of TM4SF1 and internalization of TM4SF1-antibody complex in vascular endothelial cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sciuto, Tracey E.; Merley, Anne; Lin, Chi-Iou; Richardson, Douglas; Liu, Yu; Li, Dan; Dvorak, Ann M.; Dvorak, Harold F.; Jaminet, Shou-Ching S.

2015-01-01

Transmembrane-4 L-six family member-1 (TM4SF1) is a small plasma membrane-associated glycoprotein that is highly and selectively expressed on the plasma membranes of tumor cells, cultured endothelial cells, and, in vivo, on tumor-associated endothelium. Immunofluorescence microscopy also demonstrated TM4SF1 in cytoplasm and, tentatively, within nuclei. With monoclonal antibody 8G4, and the finer resolution afforded by immuno-nanogold transmission electron microscopy, we now demonstrate TM4SF1 in uncoated cytoplasmic vesicles, nuclear pores and nucleoplasm. Because of its prominent surface location on tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelium, TM4SF1 has potential as a dual therapeutic target using an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) approach. For ADC to be successful, antibodies reacting with cell surface antigens must be internalized for delivery of associated toxins to intracellular targets. We now report that 8G4 is efficiently taken up into cultured endothelial cells by uncoated vesicles in a dynamin-dependent, clathrin-independent manner. It is then transported along microtubules through the cytoplasm and passes through nuclear pores into the nucleus. These findings validate TM4SF1 as an attractive candidate for cancer therapy with antibody-bound toxins that have the capacity to react with either cytoplasmic or nuclear targets in tumor cells or tumor-associated vascular endothelium. - Highlights: • Anti-TM4SF1 antibody 8G4 was efficiently taken up by cultured endothelial cells. • TM4SF1–8G4 internalization is dynamin-dependent but clathrin-independent. • TM4SF1–8G4 complexes internalize along microtubules to reach the perinuclear region. • Internalized TM4SF1–8G4 complexes pass through nuclear pores into the nucleus. • TM4SF1 is an attractive candidate for ADC cancer therapy

Intracellular distribution of TM4SF1 and internalization of TM4SF1-antibody complex in vascular endothelial cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sciuto, Tracey E.; Merley, Anne; Lin, Chi-Iou [Center for Vascular Biology Research and Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (United States); Richardson, Douglas [Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University (United States); Liu, Yu [Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannanlu 56, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001 (China); Li, Dan; Dvorak, Ann M. [Center for Vascular Biology Research and Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (United States); Dvorak, Harold F., E-mail: hdvorak@bidmc.harvard.edu [Center for Vascular Biology Research and Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (United States); Jaminet, Shou-Ching S., E-mail: sjaminet@bidmc.harvard.edu [Center for Vascular Biology Research and Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (United States)

2015-09-25

Transmembrane-4 L-six family member-1 (TM4SF1) is a small plasma membrane-associated glycoprotein that is highly and selectively expressed on the plasma membranes of tumor cells, cultured endothelial cells, and, in vivo, on tumor-associated endothelium. Immunofluorescence microscopy also demonstrated TM4SF1 in cytoplasm and, tentatively, within nuclei. With monoclonal antibody 8G4, and the finer resolution afforded by immuno-nanogold transmission electron microscopy, we now demonstrate TM4SF1 in uncoated cytoplasmic vesicles, nuclear pores and nucleoplasm. Because of its prominent surface location on tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelium, TM4SF1 has potential as a dual therapeutic target using an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) approach. For ADC to be successful, antibodies reacting with cell surface antigens must be internalized for delivery of associated toxins to intracellular targets. We now report that 8G4 is efficiently taken up into cultured endothelial cells by uncoated vesicles in a dynamin-dependent, clathrin-independent manner. It is then transported along microtubules through the cytoplasm and passes through nuclear pores into the nucleus. These findings validate TM4SF1 as an attractive candidate for cancer therapy with antibody-bound toxins that have the capacity to react with either cytoplasmic or nuclear targets in tumor cells or tumor-associated vascular endothelium. - Highlights: • Anti-TM4SF1 antibody 8G4 was efficiently taken up by cultured endothelial cells. • TM4SF1–8G4 internalization is dynamin-dependent but clathrin-independent. • TM4SF1–8G4 complexes internalize along microtubules to reach the perinuclear region. • Internalized TM4SF1–8G4 complexes pass through nuclear pores into the nucleus. • TM4SF1 is an attractive candidate for ADC cancer therapy.

High precision measurements of hyperfine structure in Tm II, N2+ and Sc II

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mansour, N.B.; Dinneen, T.P.; Young, L.

1988-01-01

We have applied the technique of collinear fast-ion-beam laser spectroscopy to measure the hyperfine structure (hfs) in Sc II, Tm II and N 2 + . Laser induced fluorescence was observed from a 50 keV ion beam which was superimposed with the output of an actively stabilized ring dye laser (rms bandwidth 2 and the excited 3d4p configuration of Sc II and in the 4f 13 6s and 4f 13 5d configurations of the Tm II. The fine and hyperfine structure of N 2 + has been observed in the (0,1) and (1,2) band of B 2 Σ/sub u/ + /minus/X 2 Σ/sub g/ + system. Higher resolution measurements of the metastable 3d 2 configuration in Sc II were also made by laser-rf double resonance. The experimental results will be compared with those obtained by multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock ab-initio calculations. 15 refs., 4 figs., 5 tabs

Family C 7TM receptor dimerization and activation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bonde, Marie Mi; Sheikh, Søren P; Hansen, Jakob Lerche

2006-01-01

The family C seven transmembrane (7TM) receptors constitutes a small and especially well characterized subfamily of the large 7TM receptor superfamily. Approximately 50% of current prescription drugs target 7TM receptors, this biologically important family represents the largest class of drug...... to be fully defined. This review presents the biochemical support for family C 7TM receptor dimerization and discusses its importance for receptor biosynthesis, surface expression, ligand binding and activation, since lessons learnt here may well be applicable to the whole superfamily of 7TM receptors.......-targets today. It is well established that family C 7TM receptors form homo- or hetero-dimers on the cell surface of living cells. The large extra-cellular domains (ECD) have been crystallized as a dimer in the presence and absence of agonist. Upon agonist binding, the dimeric ECD undergoes large conformational...

Landsat TM data processing for lithological discrimination in the Caraculo area (Namibe Province, SW Angola)

Science.gov (United States)

Alberti, A.; Alessandro, V.; Pieruccini, U.; Pranzini, E.

1993-10-01

Landsat TM data were used for lithological discrimination and mapping in the little-known, semiarid 900 km 2 area around Caraculo station and the middle course of the Rio Giraul (Namibe Province, SW Angola) following two main procedures. The first of these was based on visual evaluation of three-band composites, band-ratio composites and Principal Component Analysis. The second method relied on the extraction of spectral signatures, and their use to obtain automatic classifications. Satisfactory results were reached with the first procedure, thus allowing - with limited support of ground information — the draft of a lithological map, while the second method was not systematically efficient, even for confirmation of data acquired with the first procedure. Image interpretation suggests that an extensive but hithertoun differentiated metasedimentary complex consisting of a heterogeneous supracrustal sequence should be subdivided into at least two units. Field observations proved that one of these is marked by a notable frequency of marbles and the other is characterized by a widespread occurrence of amphibolitic bodies. Moreover, a belt of undetermined (thermally metamorphosed ?) metamorphic rocks is interposed between them. The distinction of so far unidentified units, though restricted to interpretation of processed Landsat TM data, has significant geological implications also in the regional context and will be helpful in guiding future work with conventional geological methods.

Emission properties of hydrothermal Yb{sup 3+}, Er{sup 3+} and Yb{sup 3+}, Tm{sup 3+}-codoped Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanorods: upconversion, cathodoluminescence and assessment of waveguide behavior

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barrera, Elixir William; Pujol, MarIa Cinta; DIaz, Francesc [Fisica i Cristal.lografia de Materials, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades c/ Marcel.lI Domingo s/n, E-43007 Tarragona (Spain); Choi, Soo Bong; Rotermund, Fabian [Division of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 443-749 Suwon (Korea, Republic of); Park, Kyung Ho [Korea Advanced Nano Fab Center, 443-270 Suwon (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Mun Seok [Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 500-712 Gwangju (Korea, Republic of); Cascales, Concepcion, E-mail: ccascales@icmm.csic.es [Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientIficas, c/Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, 3 Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid (Spain)

2011-02-18

Yb{sup 3+} and Ln{sup 3+} (Ln{sup 3+} = Er{sup 3+} or Tm{sup 3+}) codoped Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanorods with cubic Ia3-bar symmetry have been prepared by low temperature hydrothermal procedures, and their luminescence properties and waveguide behavior analyzed by means of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). Room temperature upconversion (UC) under excitation at 980 nm and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra were studied as a function of the Yb{sup +} concentration in the prepared nanorods. UC spectra revealed the strong development of Er{sup 3+4}F{sub 9/2} {yields} 4I{sub 15/2} (red) and Tm{sup 3+1}G{sub 4} {yields} {sup 3}H{sub 6} (blue) bands, which became the pre-eminent and even unique emissions for corresponding nanorods with the higher Yb{sup 3+} concentration. Favored by the presence of large phonons in current nanorods, UC mechanisms that privilege the population of {sup 4}F{sub 9/2} and {sup 1}G{sub 4} emitting levels through phonon-assisted energy transfer and non-radiative relaxations account for these observed UC luminescence features. CL spectra show much more moderate development of the intensity ratio between the Er{sup 3+4}F{sub 9/2} {yields}{sup 4}I{sub 15/2} (red) and {sup 2}H{sub 11/2}, {sup 4}S{sub 3/2} {yields} {sup 4}I{sub 15/2} (green) emissions with the increase in the Yb{sup 3+} content, while for Yb{sup 3+}, Tm{sup 3+}-codoped Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanorods the dominant CL emission is Tm{sup 3+1}D{sub 2} {yields} {sup 3}F{sub 4} (deep-blue). Uniform light emission along Yb{sup 3+}, Er{sup 3+}-codoped Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} rods has been observed by using SNOM photoluminescence images; however, the rods seem to be too thin for propagation of light.

Overview of Nintendo WiiTM use and potential applications for the Microsoft KinectTM in residential facilities

NARCIS (Netherlands)

C.A: Greenlay; H.R. Marston; J. van Hoof

2013-01-01

Marston, H.R., Greenlay, C.A., van Hoof, J. (2013) Overview of Nintendo WiiTM use and potential applications for the Microsoft KinectTM in residential facilities. Technology and Disability 25(2):77-85 doi: 10.3233/TAD-130369

Crystalline phase, profile characteristics and spectroscopic properties of Er3+/Tm3+-diffusion-codoped LiNbO3 crystal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun, Wen-Bao; Zhang, Zi-Bo; Sun, Hong-Xue; Wong, Wing-Han; Yu, Dao-Yin; Pun, Edwin Yue-Bun

2017-01-01

Er 3+ /Tm 3+ -codoped LiNbO 3 crystal was prepared by co-diffusion of stacked Er and Tm metal films coated onto surface of off-congruent, Li-deficient LiNbO 3 substrate produced by Li-poor vapor transport equilibration technique. The crystalline phase on the diffused surface was analyzed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The Er 3+ and Tm 3+ profile characteristics were studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The emission spectra were measured under the 980 or 795 nm wavelength excitation, and the emission and absorption cross section spectra were calculated based upon McCumber theory. The lifetimes of some emissions were measured. The results show that the Er 3+ and Tm 3+ ions presence is in the form of LiNbO 3 phase. Both ions obey to Gaussian profile with a diffusion depth 21.5 μm. In the codoping case, both ions keep their respective spectroscopic features of only doping case and do not affect each other. The codoping enables to combine the wavelength emissions of both ions and the resultant emission band in the telecommunication window around 1.5 μm is as wide as 150 nm, providing the possibility of S+C+L broadband amplification by employing commercial 980 and 795 nm laser diodes as the pump sources. The Er 3+ /Tm 3+ -codoped LN is a promising host material for integrated optics. - Graphical abstract: Er 3+ /Tm 3+ -codoped LiNbO 3 crystal was prepared by co-diffusion of stacked Er and Tm metal films. The crystalline phase, diffusion profile and cross section spectra of Er 3+ and Tm 3+ ions in the diffusion layer have been investigated. The results show that the presence of Er 3+ and Tm 3+ ions is in the LiNbO 3 phase. Both ions follow Gaussian profile with a diffusion depth 21.5 μm. Both ions keep their respective spectroscopic features of only doping case. Excited state absorption is the dominant process for 795-nm-upconvered fluorescence of Tm 3+ . The codoping enables to combine the wavelength emissions of both ions and provide the possibility of S

Band-to-band tunneling in a carbon nanotube metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is dominated by phonon assisted tunneling

OpenAIRE

Koswatta, Siyuranga O.; Lundstrom, Mark S.; Nikonov, Dmitri E.

2007-01-01

Band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) devices have recently gained a lot of interest due to their potential for reducing power dissipation in integrated circuits. We have performed extensive simulations for the BTBT operation of carbon nanotube metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (CNT-MOSFETs) using the non-equilibrium Green's functions formalism for both ballistic and dissipative quantum transport. In comparison with recently reported experimental data (Y. Lu et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,...

Aptamer biosensor for Salmonella typhimurium detection based on luminescence energy transfer from Mn2 +-doped NaYF4:Yb, Tm upconverting nanoparticles to gold nanorods

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Keyi; Zhang, Jianguo; Zhang, Liping; Wang, Lun; Chen, Hongqi

2017-01-01

A highly sensitive luminescent bioassay for the detection of Salmonella typhimurium was fabricated using Mn2 +-doped NaYF4:Yb,Tm upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as the donor and gold nanorods (Au NRs) as the acceptor and utilizing an energy transfer (LET) system. Mn2 +-doped NaYF4:Yb,Tm UCNPs with a strong emission peak at 807 nm were obtained by changing the doped ion ratio. Carboxyl-terminated Mn2 +-doped NaYF4:Yb,Tm UCNPs were coupled with S. typhimurium aptamers, which were employed to capture and concentrate S. typhimurium. The electrostatic interactions shorten the distance between the negatively charged donor and the positively charged acceptor, which results in luminescence quenching. The added S. typhimurium leads to the restoration of luminescence due to the formation of UCNPs-aptamers-S. typhimurium, which repels the UCNPs-aptamers from the Au NRs. The LET system does not occur because of the nonexistence of the luminescence emission band of Mn2 +-doped NaYF4:Yb,Tm UCNPs, which had large spectral overlap with the absorption band of Au NRs. Under optimal conditions, the linear range of detecting S. typhimurium was 12 to 5 × 105 cfu/mL (R = 0.99). The limit of detection for S. typhimurium was as low as 11 cfu/mL in an aqueous buffer. The measurement of S. typhimurium in milk samples was satisfied in accordance with the plate-counting method, suggesting that the proposed method was of practical value in the application of food security.

Exploring TM image texture and its relationships with biomass estimation in Rondônia, Brazilian Amazon Explorando texturas de imagens TM e suas relações com estimativas de biomassa em Rondônia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dengsheng Lu

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Many texture measures have been developed and used for improving land-cover classification accuracy, but rarely has research examined the role of textures in improving the performance of aboveground biomass estimations. The relationship between texture and biomass is poorly understood. This paper used Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM data to explore relationships between TM image textures and aboveground biomass in Rondônia, Brazilian Amazon. Eight grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM based texture measures (i.e., mean, variance, homogeneity, contrast, dissimilarity, entropy, second moment, and correlation, associated with seven different window sizes (5x5, 7x7, 9x9, 11x11, 15x15, 19x19, and 25x25, and five TM bands (TM 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 were analyzed. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze texture and biomass relationships. This research indicates that most textures are weakly correlated with successional vegetation biomass, but some textures are significantly correlated with mature forest biomass. In contrast, TM spectral signatures are significantly correlated with successional vegetation biomass, but weakly correlated with mature forest biomass. Our findings imply that textures may be critical in improving mature forest biomass estimation, but relatively less important for successional vegetation biomass estimation.Muitas medidas de textura têm sido desenvolvidas e utilizadas para melhorar a acurácia de classificações de cobertura das terras, mas raramente têm-se avaliado a importância dessas medidas em estimativas de biomassa. Este trabalho utilizou dados Landsat TM para explorar as relações entre texturas de imagens TM e biomassa em Rondônia, Amazônia. Foram analisadas oito medidas de textura baseadas em matrizes de co-ocorrência de tons de cinza (i.e., média, variância, homogeneidade, contraste, dissimilaridade, entropia, segundo momento e correlação, associadas com sete diferentes tamanhos de janela (5x5, 7x7

ScoutTM, a portable MCA system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheng, A.Y.; Ziemba, F.P.; Browning, J.E.; Szluk, N.

1998-01-01

Quantrad Sensor's hand-held multichannel analyzer (MCA), the Scout TM , has evolved considerably from the initial licensing from Pacific Northwest Laboratories (operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U.S. DOE). The Scout TM has grown into a flexible MCA system with alpha-, gamma-, X-ray and neutron detection capabilities with wide ranging applications. The development philosophy is discussed along with specific examples of design choices in areas such as manufacturability, upgradability, probe interchangability and software user interface. Recently introduced products include: software enhancements, additional probes, customized software and a second generation instrument, the Scout512 TM , that boasts increased capabilities. Future developments are also discussed. (author)

Ab initio structures and stabilities of HeTM3+ (TM=Sc-Cu)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilson, David J.D.; Marsden, Colin J.; Nagy-Felsobuki, Ellak I. von

2002-01-01

The electronic structure and molecular properties of triply charged transition metal helides, HeTM 3+ (where TM = Sc-Cu), have been investigated employing CCSD(T), MCSCF and MRCI methods. Dissociation energies and harmonic vibrational frequencies have also been determined. For all the triply charged helides, the ground state is dominated by the 3d n electronic configuration. In addition, states with configurations that have holes in the metal 3d σ orbital exhibit greater binding energies. The suitability of single-reference methods and diagnostics for this series has been investigated, with the MCSCF wave function being the most reliable diagnostic tool for the applicability of SCF methods

IHC-TM connect-disconnect and efferent control V.

Science.gov (United States)

Crane, H D

1982-07-01

Four previous papers in this series have explored how the idea of a set of disconnected inner hair cells (IHCs) that can "impact" the tectorial membrane (TM) is consistent with psychophysical data. This paper extends the model and explores the potential for mechanical interaction between the IHCs and outer hair cells (OHCs). In particular, it is speculated that the advantage of IHC-TM disconnect is extended dynamic range, and that movement of the movement of the OHCs and TM, under efferent control, constitutes a mechanical servo system for adjusting IHC-TM spacing along the cochlear partition to achieve this extended range.

Affinity of 167Tm-citrate for tumor and liver tissue

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ando, A.; Ando, I.; Hiraki, T.

1983-01-01

Strong affinity of 167 Tm-citrate for tumor tissue was reconfirmed by using Ehrlich tumor. Excellent tumor imaging was obtained with 167 Tm-citrate because of its strong tumor affinity and because of the suitable physical characteristics of 167 Tm. A large amount of 167 Tm had accumulated in the connective tissue which contained inflammatory tissue, quite large amounts were found in areas containing viable and necrotic tumor tissue, and small amounts were present in viable tumor tissue. 167 Tm was not seen in necrotic tumor tissue. It was concluded that lysosomes did not play a major role in the tumor concentration of 167 Tm, but played an important role in the liver concentration of this nuclide. In the case of hepatoma AH109A, it was presumed that lysosomes played a considerably important role in the tumor concentration of 167 Tm, hepatoma AH109A possessing some residual features of the liver. 167 Tm was bound to acid mucopolysaccharides and transposed by the acid mucopolysaccharides in the tumor tissues and liver. The acid mucopolysaccharides to which 167 Tm were bound in tumor and liver, were heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate (or keratosulfate) and heparin (or keratosulfate). (orig.)

An efficient atomistic quantum mechanical simulation on InAs band-to-band tunneling field-effect transistors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Zhi [State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083 (China); Jiang, Xiang-Wei; Li, Shu-Shen [State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083 (China); Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); Wang, Lin-Wang, E-mail: lwwang@lbl.gov [Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States)

2014-03-24

We have presented a fully atomistic quantum mechanical simulation method on band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) field-effect transistors (FETs). Our simulation approach is based on the linear combination of bulk band method with empirical pseudopotentials, which is an atomist method beyond the effective-mass approximation or k.p perturbation method, and can be used to simulate real-size devices (∼10{sup 5} atoms) efficiently (∼5 h on a few computational cores). Using this approach, we studied the InAs dual-gate BTBT FETs. The I-V characteristics from our approach agree very well with the tight-binding non-equilibrium Green's function results, yet our method costs much less computationally. In addition, we have studied ways to increase the tunneling current and analyzed the effects of different mechanisms for that purpose.

An efficient atomistic quantum mechanical simulation on InAs band-to-band tunneling field-effect transistors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Zhi; Jiang, Xiang-Wei; Li, Shu-Shen; Wang, Lin-Wang

2014-01-01

We have presented a fully atomistic quantum mechanical simulation method on band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) field-effect transistors (FETs). Our simulation approach is based on the linear combination of bulk band method with empirical pseudopotentials, which is an atomist method beyond the effective-mass approximation or k.p perturbation method, and can be used to simulate real-size devices (∼10 5 atoms) efficiently (∼5 h on a few computational cores). Using this approach, we studied the InAs dual-gate BTBT FETs. The I-V characteristics from our approach agree very well with the tight-binding non-equilibrium Green's function results, yet our method costs much less computationally. In addition, we have studied ways to increase the tunneling current and analyzed the effects of different mechanisms for that purpose

TM-TE hybridization and tunable refraction in magnetophotonic crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khanikaev, A.B. [Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1, Hibari-Ga-Oka, Toyohashi 441-8580 (Japan)]. E-mail: khanikaev@maglab.eee.tut.ac.jp; Inoue, M. [Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1, Hibari-Ga-Oka, Toyohashi 441-8580 (Japan); Granovsky, A.B. [Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninski Gory, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation)

2006-05-15

In the present work we study the photonic band structure (PBS) and the polarization state of the Bloch eigenmodes of a two-dimensional magnetophotonic crystal (MPC) with square lattice formed from magneto-optically (MO) active cylinders. The refraction of light at the boundary of the MPC is analyzed. We found that both-the PBS and eigenmodes of the MPC-are most significantly altered by the MO activity in the vicinity of the degeneracies. For this case we demonstrated the possibility of an abrupt change in the propagation direction of light by the application of a magnetic field. For the Bloch wave vectors and frequencies corresponding to non-degenerate branches, the alteration of the PBS is shown to be negligible and eigenmodes almost completely coincide with linearly TE- and/or TM-polarized eigenmodes of the non-magnetic photonic crystal.

TM-TE hybridization and tunable refraction in magnetophotonic crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khanikaev, A.B.; Inoue, M.; Granovsky, A.B.

2006-01-01

In the present work we study the photonic band structure (PBS) and the polarization state of the Bloch eigenmodes of a two-dimensional magnetophotonic crystal (MPC) with square lattice formed from magneto-optically (MO) active cylinders. The refraction of light at the boundary of the MPC is analyzed. We found that both-the PBS and eigenmodes of the MPC-are most significantly altered by the MO activity in the vicinity of the degeneracies. For this case we demonstrated the possibility of an abrupt change in the propagation direction of light by the application of a magnetic field. For the Bloch wave vectors and frequencies corresponding to non-degenerate branches, the alteration of the PBS is shown to be negligible and eigenmodes almost completely coincide with linearly TE- and/or TM-polarized eigenmodes of the non-magnetic photonic crystal

Multi-band algorithms for the estimation of chlorophyll concentration in the Chesapeake Bay

KAUST Repository

Gilerson, Alexander

2015-10-14

Standard blue-green ratio algorithms do not usually work well in turbid productive waters because of the contamination of the blue and green bands by CDOM absorption and scattering by non-algal particles. One of the alternative approaches is based on the two- or three band ratio algorithms in the red/NIR part of the spectrum, which require 665, 708, 753 nm bands (or similar) and which work well in various waters all over the world. The critical 708 nm band for these algorithms is not available on MODIS and VIIRS sensors, which limits applications of this approach. We report on another approach where a combination of the 745nm band with blue-green-red bands was the basis for the new algorithms. A multi-band algorithm which includes ratios Rrs(488)/Rrs(551)and Rrs(671)/Rrs(745) and two band algorithm based on Rrs671/Rrs745 ratio were developed with the main focus on the Chesapeake Bay (USA) waters. These algorithms were tested on the specially developed synthetic datasets, well representing the main relationships between water parameters in the Bay taken from the NASA NOMAD database and available literature, on the field data collected by our group during a 2013 campaign in the Bay, as well as NASA SeaBASS data from the other group and on matchups between satellite imagery and water parameters measured by the Chesapeake Bay program. Our results demonstrate that the coefficient of determination can be as high as R2 > 0.90 for the new algorithms in comparison with R2 = 0.6 for the standard OC3V algorithm on the same field dataset. Substantial improvement was also achieved by applying a similar approach (inclusion of Rrs(667)/Rrs(753) ratio) for MODIS matchups. Results for VIIRS are not yet conclusive. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

Combustion synthesis and characterization of MV0.5P0.5O4: Sm3+, Tm3+ (M = Gd, La, Y)

Science.gov (United States)

Motloung, Selepe J.; Lephoto, Mantwa A.; Tshabalala, Kamohelo G.; Ntwaeaborwa, Odireleng M.

2018-04-01

In this paper, GdV0.5P0.5O4: Sm3+, Tm3+, LaV0.5P0.5O4: Sm3+, Tm3+ and YV0.5P0.5O4: Sm3+, Tm3+ phosphor powders were prepared by solution combustion method using urea as a fuel. The phase purity, surface morphology, optical and photoluminescence properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The XRD results indicated that the prepared powders are of a single phase and crystallized in tetragonal structure for Gd and Y systems while monoclinic phase was observed for La system. SEM showed that the samples consisted of mixed structures. The estimated band gaps were 2.2, 2.4 and 2.3 eV for Y, Gd and La systems respectively. The photoluminescence results showed four emission peaks. One peak is assigned to 1G4 - 3H6 transition of Tm3+, and three other emission peaks are attributed to 6G5/2 - 6H5/2, 6G5/2 - 6H7/2 and 6G5/2 - 6H9/2 transitions of Sm3+. The photoluminescent intensity was the highest in the gadolinium system.

Anisotropy and multi-band effects in weak-coupling superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berger, T.L.

1977-01-01

The techniques of second quantization and thermodynamic Green functions are used to investigate energy gap anisotropy and multi-band effects in pure, single-crystal, weak-coupling superconductors. A generalized version of the standard Gorkov factorization is used to linearize the Green functions equations of motion. The effects of lattice periodicity and band structure are taken into account by means of Bloch wave expansions and Bloch transforms. A pairing selection rule is derived which indicates the possibility of pairing between single particle states belonging to different bands, as well as the usual Cooper pairing. It is shown that the interband gap parameter, which is coupled to the usual gap parameter by the Green functions equations of motion, can only contribute indirectly to the tunneling electric current and the thermodynamic potential. In the absence of interband pairing, the equations of motion lead to the usual BCS gap equation. Also, in the absence of interband pairing, the gap parameter is found to be equal to the diagonal matrix element of the superconductor pair potential between electronic Bloch states. An essentially temperature independent anisotropy function which contains all angular dependence of the gap is shown to evolve naturally from this formalism. The overall temperature dependence of the gap is investigated and it is found that with a change of temperature, the magnitude of the gap in different directions changes in the same ration. The ordinary Markowitz-Kadanoff model is shown to be inappropriate for the case of a multi-band superconductor and a generalized version of this model is introduced and discussed. A special case of this model is considered which leads to gap discontinuities at Brillouin zone boundaries

[Identification of green tea brand based on hyperspectra imaging technology].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Hai-Liang; Liu, Xiao-Li; Zhu, Feng-Le; He, Yong

2014-05-01

Hyperspectral imaging technology was developed to identify different brand famous green tea based on PCA information and image information fusion. First 512 spectral images of six brands of famous green tea in the 380 approximately 1 023 nm wavelength range were collected and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed with the goal of selecting two characteristic bands (545 and 611 nm) that could potentially be used for classification system. Then, 12 gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features (i. e., mean, covariance, homogeneity, energy, contrast, correlation, entropy, inverse gap, contrast, difference from the second-order and autocorrelation) based on the statistical moment were extracted from each characteristic band image. Finally, integration of the 12 texture features and three PCA spectral characteristics for each green tea sample were extracted as the input of LS-SVM. Experimental results showed that discriminating rate was 100% in the prediction set. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) assessment methods were used to evaluate the LS-SVM classification algorithm. Overall results sufficiently demonstrate that hyperspectral imaging technology can be used to perform classification of green tea.

Green Color Purification in Tb(3+) Ions through Silica Inverse Opal Heterostructure.

Science.gov (United States)

Shrivastava, Vishnu Prasad; Sivakumar, Sri; Kumar, Jitendra

2015-06-10

The ordered SiO2:Tb(3+) inverse opal heterostructure films are fabricated through polystyrene spheres hetero-opal template using the convective self-assembly method to examine their potential for color purification. Their optical properties and photoluminescence have been investigated and compared with individual single inverse opals and reference (SiO2:Tb(3+) powder). The heterostructures are shown to possess two broad photonic stop bands separated by an effective pass band, causing suppression of blue, orange, and red emission bands corresponding to (5)D4 → (7)F(j); j = 6, 4, 3 transitions, respectively and an enhancement of green emission (i.e., (5)D4 → (7)F5). Although the suppression of various emission occurs because of its overlap with the photonic band gaps (PSBs), the enhancement of green radiation is observed because of its location matching with the pass band region. The Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of the emission spectrum of the heterostructure based on polystyrene sphere of 390 and 500 nm diameter are x = 0.2936, y = 0.6512 and lie closest to those of standard green color (wavelength 545 nm). In addition, a significant increase observed in luminescence lifetime for (5)D4 level of terbium in inverse opal heterostructures vis-à-vis reference (SiO2:Tb(3+) powder) is attributed to the change in the effective refractive index.

Comparative evaluation of two methods for 172Tm production in nuclear reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cohen, I.M.; Hayes, Alejandro; Melcer, Elsa

2016-01-01

A comparative evaluation of two methods for the production of 172 Tm in nuclear reactors is carried out. They are respectively based on two chains of double neutron capture reactions, 170 Er(n,γ) 171 Er(n,γ) 172 Er(β - ) 172 Tm and 170 Er(n,γ) 171 Er(β - ) 171 Tm(n,γ) 172 Tm, and a chain of triple neutron capture: 169 Tm(n,γ) 170 Tm(n,γ) 71 Tm(n,γ) 172 Tm. Theoretical considerations with respect to both ways of production are formulated and the mathematical equation are solved. Experiments of irradiation of Er 2 O 3 and Tm 2 O 3 were performed. Advantages and drawbacks of both methods are discussed. (author)

Field applications of the ScoutTM portable MCA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheng, A.Y.; Ziemba, F.P.; Browning, J.E.

1998-01-01

The use of Quantrad Sensor's Scout TM in field type applications is described. The portability of the Scout TM enables the user to obtain more accurate information in the field versus a survey meter. Isotopic identification is possible when ancillary information is combined with built-in software libraries. Data from the Scout TM in remediation at Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC), NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) measurements in California's Central Valley oil fields, medical isotope identification at nuclear pharmaceutical company and emergency response applications are presented. Additionally, custom software enabled the use of the Scout TM in identification, qualification and detection of Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) in illicit trafficking and portal monitoring applications. (author)

Interplay between magnetic order at Mn and Tm sites alongside the structural distortion in multiferroic films of o -TmMn O3

Science.gov (United States)

Windsor, Y. W.; Ramakrishnan, M.; Rettig, L.; Alberca, A.; Bothschafter, E. M.; Staub, U.; Shimamoto, K.; Hu, Y.; Lippert, T.; Schneider, C. W.

2015-06-01

We employ resonant soft x-ray diffraction to individually study the magnetic ordering of the Mn and the Tm sublattices in single-crystalline films of orthorhombic (o -) TmMn O3 . The same magnetic ordering wave vector of (0 q 0 ) with q ≈0.46 is found for both ionic species, suggesting that the familiar antiferromagnetic order of the Mn ions induces a magnetic order on the Tm unpaired 4 f electrons. Indeed, intensity variations of magnetic reflections with temperature corroborate this scenario. Calculated magnetic fields at the Tm sites are used as a model magnetic structure for the Tm, which correctly predicts intensity variations at the Tm resonance upon azimuthal rotation of the sample. The model allows ruling out a b c -cycloid modulation of the Mn ions as the cause for the incommensurate ordering, as found in TbMn O3 . The structural distortion, which occurs in the ferroelectric phase below TC, was followed through nonresonant diffraction of structural reflections forbidden by the high-temperature crystal symmetry. The (0 q 0 ) magnetic reflection appears at the Mn resonance well above TC, indicating that this reflection is sensitive also to the intermediate sinusoidal magnetic phase. The model presented suggests that the Tm 4 f electrons are polarized well above the ferroelectric transition and are possibly not affected by the transition at TC. The successful description of the induced order observed at the Tm resonance is a promising example for future element-selective studies in which "spectator" ions may allow access to previously unobtainable information about other constituent ions.

Relaxation phenomena and host exchange parameters in Tm van Vleck compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zevin, V.; Levin, R.; Shaltiel, D.; Baberschke, K.; Davidov, D.

1977-01-01

The ESR linewidth of Gd in TmP (measured by Sugawara et al (Phys. Rev.; B11 (1975)) TmSb and TmBi (measured in the present work and by Davidov and Baberschke (Phys. Lett.; A51:144 (1975)) exhibits an appreciable temperature dependence. This behaviour is attributed to the fluctuation spectra of the host Tm ions. The previous theory (Davidov et al (Phys. Rev.; B15:2771 (1977)) for impurity relaxation in weakly coupled van Vleck paramagnets based on the Bloch-Redfield kinetic equation is extended here and applied to the interpretation of the ESR linewidth in the Tm pnictides. In particular the second moment calculation of the host fluctuation spectra has been extended to include both pair correlation and autocorrelation contributions. Explicit expressions are given for Tm and Pr cubic van Vleck compounds. Using the crystalline field as extracted from independent neutron scattering techniques and the Gd-Tm exchange from the ESR g shift, the Tm-Tm host exchange has been estimated by fitting theory to the experimental results. The host exchange parameter in TmSb is very small confirming previous studies on this compound. (author)

Band-selective filter in a zigzag graphene nanoribbon.

Science.gov (United States)

Nakabayashi, Jun; Yamamoto, Daisuke; Kurihara, Susumu

2009-02-13

Electric transport of a zigzag graphene nanoribbon through a steplike potential and a barrier potential is investigated by using the recursive Green's function method. In the case of the steplike potential, we demonstrate numerically that scattering processes obey a selection rule for the band indices when the number of zigzag chains is even; the electrons belonging to the "even" ("odd") bands are scattered only into the even (odd) bands so that the parity of the wave functions is preserved. In the case of the barrier potential, by tuning the barrier height to be an appropriate value, we show that it can work as the "band-selective filter", which transmits electrons selectively with respect to the indices of the bands to which the incident electrons belong. Finally, we suggest that this selection rule can be observed in the conductance by applying two barrier potentials.

High accuracy line positions of the ν 1 fundamental band of 14 N 2 16 O

KAUST Repository

Alsaif, Bidoor; Lamperti, Marco; Gatti, Davide; Laporta, Paolo; Fermann, Martin; Farooq, Aamir; Lyulin, Oleg; Campargue, Alain; Marangoni, Marco

2018-01-01

The ν1 fundamental band of N2O is examined by a novel spectrometer that relies on the frequency locking of an external-cavity quantum cascade laser around 7.8 μm to a near-infrared Tm:based frequency comb at 1.9 μm. Due to the large tunability

Investigations of LRE-HRE-TM thin films for hybrid recording

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Zuoyi; Cheng, Xiaomin; Jin, Fang; Li, Zhen; Lin, Gengqi; Yang, Xiaofei

2005-09-01

Light rare earth-heavy rare earth-transition metal (LRE-HRE-TM) thin films are a kind of important recording media. A lot of researches have been carried out on the LRE-HRE-TM thin films to improve its properties for data storage application and fruitful results have been achieved. This report gives a glance on the evolution of the research on LRE-HRE-TM recording media. At the same time, combined with the hybrid recording technology, some experimental results obtained on LRE-HRE-TM recording media are discussed, which suggest the promising prospect of the LRE-HRE-TM media in hybrid recording application.

Study of absorption and IR-emission of Er3+, Dy3+, Tm3+ doped high-purity tellurite glasses

Science.gov (United States)

Motorin, S. E.; Dorofeev, V. V.; Galagan, B. I.; Sverchkov, S. E.; Koltashev, V. V.; Denker, B. I.

2018-04-01

A study of high-purity TeO2-ZnO based tellurite glasses doped with Er3+, Dy3+ or Tm3+ that could be used as laser media in the 2-3 μm spectral range is presented. The glasses are prepared by melting the oxides mixture inside a silica glass reactor in an atmosphere of purified oxygen. The low level of hydroxyl groups absorption allowed to measure correctly the luminescence decay characteristics of the dopants. The rare-earth ions absorption bands, the luminescence spectra and kinetic characteristics of emission from the levels 4I11/2, 4I13/2 of Er3+, 6H13/2 of Dy3+ and 3H4, 3H5, 3F4 of Tm3+ ions are investigated. The results confirm the high potential of tellurite glasses as an active media for bulk, planar waveguide and fiber lasers.

Spectrum fluctuations from regular and damped rotational structures in {sup 16}`8Yb and {sup 163}Tm nuclei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Herskind, B; Dossing, T; Ninel, N; Atac, A; Jensen, H J; Hagemann, G B; Lieder, R M; Maj, A; Nyberg, J; Piiparinen, M; Sugawara, M; Virtanen, A [Niels Bohr Inst., Copenhagen (Denmark); Leoni, S; Vigezzi, E; Bosetti, P; Bracco, A; Broglia, R A; Million, B [Milan Univ. (Italy); Matsuo, M [Kyoto Univ., Uji (Japan). Uji Research Center of Yukawa Inst. for Theoretical Physics; Bergstrom, M; Brockstedt, A; Carlsson, H; Ekstrom, P; Nordlund, A; Ryde, H [Lund Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Physics; Jongman, J [Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (Netherlands). Kernfysisch Versneller Inst.; Ingebretsen, F; Tjom, P O [Oslo Univ. (Norway); Lonnroth, T [Aabo Akademi, Turku (Finland). Dept. of Physics

1992-08-01

A new method has been developed for analyzing fluctuations of count in two-dimensional gamma ray energy coincidence spectra of deformed nuclei formed in heavy ion fusion reactions. Most of the gamma decay cascades flow through regions of high level density, and the method is based upon assumptions about average properties of the excited states. Transition energies along discrete rotational bands are viewed as randomly selected from a continuous distribution of rotational frequencies and moments of inertia. For damped rotational motion, implying a mixing of the rotational bands, a random matrix model is assumed, leading to smooth energy spectra, and strong fluctuations of the transition strengths. The method is illustrated for {sup 168}Yb and {sup 163}Tm. 4 refs., 4 figs.

Analysis of n+165Ho and 169Tm reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Young, P.G.; Arthur, E.D.; Philis, C.; Nagel, P.; Collin, M.

1982-09-01

Experimental data for neutron-induced reactions on 165 Ho and 169 Tm have been theoretically analyzed in preparation for calculations on the unstable isotopes of Tm. A set of deformed optical model parameters was determined from measurements of s- and p-wave neutron strength functions, total cross sections, elastic angular distributions, and 16-MeV proton scattering to the 165 Ho ground and first excited states. The parameters for the 165 Ho and 169 Tm nuclei were linked by means of an isospin term in the real and imaginary well depths, together with adjustment of the ν 2 and ν 4 deformation parameters based on systematics in this mass region. Transmission coefficients from this analysis were used in Hauser-Feshbach statistical model calculations of the 169 Tm(n,ν) cross section as well as the 169 Tm(n,2n) and (n,3n) cross sections to 23 MeV, after application of suitable preequilibrium corrections. The results of these calculations are in good agreement with most of the available experimental data on 165 Ho and 169 Tm

UV-green iridescence predicts male quality during jumping spider contests.

Science.gov (United States)

Lim, Matthew L M; Li, Daiqin

2013-01-01

Animal colour signals used in intraspecies communications can generally be attributed to a composite effect of structural and pigmentary colours. Notably, the functional role of iridescent coloration that is 'purely' structural (i.e., absence of pigments) is poorly understood. Recent studies reveal that iridescent colorations can reliably indicate individual quality, but evidence of iridescence as a pure structural coloration indicative of male quality during contests and relating to an individual's resource-holding potential (RHP) is lacking. In age- and size-controlled pairwise male-male contests that escalate from visual displays of aggression to more costly physical fights, we demonstrate that the ultraviolet-green iridescence of Cosmophasis umbratica predicts individual persistence and relates to RHP. Contest initiating males exhibited significantly narrower carapace band separation (i.e., relative spectral positions of UV and green hues) than non-initiators. Asymmetries in carapace and abdomen brightness influenced overall contest duration and escalation. As losers retreated upon having reached their own persistence limits in contests that escalated to physical fights, losers with narrower carapace band separation were significantly more persistence. We propose that the carapace UV-green iridescence of C. umbratica predicts individual persistence and is indicative of a male's RHP. As the observed UV-green hues of C. umbratica are 'pure' optical products of a multilayer reflector system, we suggest that intrasexual variations in the optical properties of the scales' chitin-air-chitin microstructures are responsible for the observed differences in carapace band separations.

UV-green iridescence predicts male quality during jumping spider contests.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Matthew L M Lim

Full Text Available Animal colour signals used in intraspecies communications can generally be attributed to a composite effect of structural and pigmentary colours. Notably, the functional role of iridescent coloration that is 'purely' structural (i.e., absence of pigments is poorly understood. Recent studies reveal that iridescent colorations can reliably indicate individual quality, but evidence of iridescence as a pure structural coloration indicative of male quality during contests and relating to an individual's resource-holding potential (RHP is lacking. In age- and size-controlled pairwise male-male contests that escalate from visual displays of aggression to more costly physical fights, we demonstrate that the ultraviolet-green iridescence of Cosmophasis umbratica predicts individual persistence and relates to RHP. Contest initiating males exhibited significantly narrower carapace band separation (i.e., relative spectral positions of UV and green hues than non-initiators. Asymmetries in carapace and abdomen brightness influenced overall contest duration and escalation. As losers retreated upon having reached their own persistence limits in contests that escalated to physical fights, losers with narrower carapace band separation were significantly more persistence. We propose that the carapace UV-green iridescence of C. umbratica predicts individual persistence and is indicative of a male's RHP. As the observed UV-green hues of C. umbratica are 'pure' optical products of a multilayer reflector system, we suggest that intrasexual variations in the optical properties of the scales' chitin-air-chitin microstructures are responsible for the observed differences in carapace band separations.

Crystalline phase, profile characteristics and spectroscopic properties of Er{sup 3+}/Tm{sup 3+}-diffusion-codoped LiNbO{sub 3} crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sun, Wen-Bao [Department of Opto-electronics and Information Engineering, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education (Tianjin University), Tianjin 300072 (China); Zhang, Zi-Bo [Department of Engineering, Pierre and Marie Curie University (University of Paris VI), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris (France); Sun, Hong-Xue [Department of Opto-electronics and Information Engineering, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education (Tianjin University), Tianjin 300072 (China); Wong, Wing-Han, E-mail: eewhwong@cityu.edu.hk [Department of Opto-electronics and Information Engineering, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education (Tianjin University), Tianjin 300072 (China); Department of Electronic Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong (China); Yu, Dao-Yin [Department of Opto-electronics and Information Engineering, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education (Tianjin University), Tianjin 300072 (China); Pun, Edwin Yue-Bun [Department of Electronic Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong (China); and others

2017-04-15

Er{sup 3+}/Tm{sup 3+}-codoped LiNbO{sub 3} crystal was prepared by co-diffusion of stacked Er and Tm metal films coated onto surface of off-congruent, Li-deficient LiNbO{sub 3} substrate produced by Li-poor vapor transport equilibration technique. The crystalline phase on the diffused surface was analyzed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The Er{sup 3+} and Tm{sup 3+} profile characteristics were studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The emission spectra were measured under the 980 or 795 nm wavelength excitation, and the emission and absorption cross section spectra were calculated based upon McCumber theory. The lifetimes of some emissions were measured. The results show that the Er{sup 3+} and Tm{sup 3+} ions presence is in the form of LiNbO{sub 3} phase. Both ions obey to Gaussian profile with a diffusion depth 21.5 μm. In the codoping case, both ions keep their respective spectroscopic features of only doping case and do not affect each other. The codoping enables to combine the wavelength emissions of both ions and the resultant emission band in the telecommunication window around 1.5 μm is as wide as 150 nm, providing the possibility of S+C+L broadband amplification by employing commercial 980 and 795 nm laser diodes as the pump sources. The Er{sup 3+}/Tm{sup 3+}-codoped LN is a promising host material for integrated optics. - Graphical abstract: Er{sup 3+}/Tm{sup 3+}-codoped LiNbO{sub 3} crystal was prepared by co-diffusion of stacked Er and Tm metal films. The crystalline phase, diffusion profile and cross section spectra of Er{sup 3+} and Tm{sup 3+} ions in the diffusion layer have been investigated. The results show that the presence of Er{sup 3+} and Tm{sup 3+} ions is in the LiNbO{sub 3} phase. Both ions follow Gaussian profile with a diffusion depth 21.5 μm. Both ions keep their respective spectroscopic features of only doping case. Excited state absorption is the dominant process for 795-nm-upconvered fluorescence of Tm{sup 3+}. The

Measurements of the 169Tm(n,2n)168Tm cross section between 9.0 and 17.5 MeV

Science.gov (United States)

Soter, J.; Bhike, Megha; Krishichayan, Fnu; Finch, S. W.; Tornow, W.

2016-09-01

Measurements of the 169Tm(n,2n)168Tm cross section have been performed in 0.5 MeV intervals for neutron energies ranging from 9.0 MeV to 17.5 MeV in order to resolve discrepancies in the current literature data. The neutron activation technique was used with 90Zr and 197Au as monitor foils. After irradiation, de-excitation gamma rays were recorded off-line with High-Purity Germanium (HPGE) detectors in TUNL's Low-Background Counting Facility. In addition, data for the 169Tm(n,3n)167Tm reaction have also been obtained from 15.5 MeV to 17.5 MeV. The results of these measurements provide the basis for investigating properties of the interial confinement fusion plasma in deuterium-tritium (DT) capsules at the National Ignition Facility located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

Predictive models of turbidity and water depth in the Doñana marshes using Landsat TM and ETM+ images.

Science.gov (United States)

Bustamante, Javier; Pacios, Fernando; Díaz-Delgado, Ricardo; Aragonés, David

2009-05-01

We have used Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+ images together with simultaneous ground-truth data at sample points in the Doñana marshes to predict water turbidity and depth from band reflectance using Generalized Additive Models. We have point samples for 12 different dates simultaneous with 7 Landsat-5 and 5 Landsat-7 overpasses. The best model for water turbidity in the marsh explained 38% of variance in ground-truth data and included as predictors band 3 (630-690 nm), band 5 (1550-1750 nm) and the ratio between bands 1 (450-520 nm) and 4 (760-900 nm). Water turbidity is easier to predict for water bodies like the Guadalquivir River and artificial ponds that are deep and not affected by bottom soil reflectance and aquatic vegetation. For the latter, a simple model using band 3 reflectance explains 78.6% of the variance. Water depth is easier to predict than turbidity. The best model for water depth in the marsh explains 78% of the variance and includes as predictors band 1, band 5, the ratio between band 2 (520-600 nm) and band 4, and bottom soil reflectance in band 4 in September, when the marsh is dry. The water turbidity and water depth models have been developed in order to reconstruct historical changes in Doñana wetlands during the last 30 years using the Landsat satellite images time series.

In-beam gamma spectroscopy of 155Tm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Raut, R.; Ganguly, S.; Kshetri, R.; Banerjee, P.; Bhattacharya, S.; Mukherjee, A.; Saha Sarkar, M.; Goswami, A.; Bhowal, S.; Ganguly, G.; Muralithar, S.; Singh, R.P.

2005-01-01

The observation of superdeformation in 154 Er has pronounced the possibility of observation of high spin phenomena in the neighbouring isotones. There has been a paucity of data on 155 Tm till day. The present work proposes to extend the level scheme of 155 Tm and thus established the systematics therein

Sediment fluxes and the littoral drift along northeast Andhra Pradesh Coast, India: Estimation by remote sensing

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Kunte, P.D.; Alagarsamy, R.; Hursthouse, A.S.

). However, field study revealed a predominance of erosion rather than deposition along the estuarine banks and delta front shoreline (Malini and Rao 2004). The study reported here analyzes the littoral-drift regime along the coastal stretch between... by detecting the landform and shoreline changes during the decade (1988/89 to 2000). The multi-date color composite for each sector was generated by assigning red color to a band of ETM 8 data and green and blue color to the corresponding band of TM data...

High-speed elevator ELEXCIA{sub TM}; Kosoku elevator EXEXCIA{sub TM}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

New series high-speed elevator ELEXCIA{sub TM} was put on sale in November 1999. In ELEXCIA{sub TM}, the car and door as well as the newly developed hoist and control device were improved in compactness, lightweight, silence, and riding quality. The major features of the high-speed elevator are as follows: (1) The use of an outer rotor-type permanent magnetic synchronous motor (PMSM) in a hoist reduced the mass of the hoist (by about 40% as compared with the conventional one). (2) The use of a double-structured car side plate and floor enabled a silent car. (3) Improved door performance. The introduction of a PMSM motor and latest inverter control processor door into a door gave smoother movement than the previous one. (4) Brightly easy-to-view and white LED-type operation buttons are used in the hoistway door and car. (translated by NEDO)

Measurements of nuclear polarization and nuclear magnetic moment of 170Tm in 170Tm:SrF2 by optical pumping

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shimomura, K.

1988-01-01

Significant nuclear polarization of unstable 170 Tm in Tm 2+ :SrF 2 was for the first time achieved with β-ray radiation detected optical pumping in solids, providing a new powerful method to measure magnetic moments of unstable nuclei. (author)

Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in Tm3+:YAG

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alexander, A. L.; Lauro, R.; Louchet, A.; Chaneliere, T.; Le Goueet, J. L.

2008-01-01

We report on the experimental demonstration of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a Tm 3+ :YAG crystal. Tm 3+ :YAG is a promising material for use in quantum information processing applications, but as yet there are few experimental investigations of coherent Raman processes in this material. We investigate the effect of inhomogeneous broadening and Rabi frequency on the transfer efficiency and the width of the two-photon spectrum. Simulations of the complete Tm 3+ :YAG system are presented along with the corresponding experimental results

Affinity of /sup 167/Tm-citrate for tumor and liver tissue

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ando, A; Ando, I; Hiraki, T; Sakamoto, K; Hisada, K; Takeshita, M

1983-10-07

Strong affinity of /sup 167/Tm-citrate for tumor tissue was reconfirmed by using Ehrlich tumor. Excellent tumor imaging was obtained with /sup 167/Tm-citrate because of its strong tumor affinity and because of the suitable physical characteristics of /sup 167/Tm. A large amount of /sup 167/Tm had accumulated in the connective tissue which contained inflammatory tissue, quite large amounts were found in areas containing viable and necrotic tumor tissue, and small amounts were present in viable tumor tissue. /sup 167/Tm was not seen in necrotic tumor tissue. It was concluded that lysosomes did not play a major role in the tumor concentration of /sup 167/Tm, but played an important role in the liver concentration of this nuclide. In the case of hepatoma AH109A, it was presumed that lysosomes played a considerably important role in the tumor concentration of /sup 167/Tm, hepatoma AH109A possessing some residual features of the liver. /sup 167/Tm was bound to acid mucopolysaccharides and transposed by the acid mucopolysaccharides in the tumor tissues and liver. The acid mucopolysaccharides to which /sup 167/Tm were bound in tumor and liver, were heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate (or keratosulfate) and heparin (or keratosulfate).

Powernext Day-AheadTM statistics April 30, 2005

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2005-04-01

The introduction of a power exchange in France is a direct response to the opening up of the European electricity markets. Powernext SA is a Multilateral Trading Facility in charge of managing an optional and anonymous organised exchange offering: - Day-ahead contracts for the management of volume risk on Powernext Day-Ahead TM since 21 November 2001, - Medium term contracts for the management of price risk on Powernext Futures TM since 18 June 2004. This document presents in a series of tables and graphics the April 30, 2005 update of Powernext Day-Ahead TM statistics: traded volumes and average prices from November 2001 to April 2005, monthly overview from April 2004 to April 2005 (volumes, prices and price spreads), weekly overview from January to April 2005, daily and hourly overview and market resilience for April 2005, power consumption in March and April 2005 (average consumption, average forecasted consumption and average price on Powernext Day-Ahead TM ), power consumption on the French hub from January to April 2005 and Powernext Day-Ahead TM prices, transfer capacities in April 2005 (daily capacity allocations for France-Germany, France-Switzerland and France-Spain, daily and monthly capacity allocations for France-Belgium, auction on the France-UK Interconnector, daily and yearly capacity allocation for France-Italy), temperature variations in France from November 2004 to April 2005 and average prices on Powernext Day-Ahead TM , and balancing mechanism for March-April 2005 (half-hourly imbalance settlement prices). (J.S.)

Powernext Day-AheadTM statistics - June 30, 2006

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2006-01-01

The introduction of a power exchange in France is a direct response to the opening up of the European electricity markets. Powernext SA is a Multilateral Trading Facility in charge of managing an optional and anonymous organised exchange offering: - Day-ahead contracts for the management of volume risk on Powernext Day-Ahead TM since 21 November 2001, - Medium term contracts for the management of price risk on Powernext Futures TM since 18 June 2004. This document presents in a series of tables and graphics the June 30, 2006 update of Powernext Day-Ahead TM statistics: daily traded volumes and base-load prices from November 2001 to June 2006, monthly overview from June 2005 to June 2006 (volumes and prices), weekly overview from March to June 2006 (volumes and prices), daily and hourly overview and market resilience for June 2006, power consumption in May and June 2006 (average consumption, average forecasted consumption and average price on Powernext Day-Ahead TM ), power consumption on the French hub from July 2005 to May 2006 and Powernext Day-Ahead TM prices, transfer capacities in June 2006 (auction results for France-Germany, France-Belgium, France-UK, France-Spain and France-Italy, and daily capacity allocation for France-Switzerland), temperature variations in France from January 2005 to June 2006 and base-load Powernext Day-Ahead TM prices, and balancing mechanism for April, May and June 2006 (half-hourly imbalance settlement prices). (J.S.)

Introduction program of M5TM cladding in Japan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mardon, Jean Paul; Kaneko, Nori

2008-01-01

Experience from irradiation in PWR has confirmed that M5 TM possesses all the properties required for upgraded operation including new fuel management approaches and high duty reactor operation. Specifically, the alloy M5 TM has demonstrated impressive improvements over Zircaloy-4 for fuel rod cladding and fuel assembly structural components. Moreover, several irradiation campaigns have been worldwide performed in order to confirm the excellent M5 TM in-pile behavior in very demanding PWR irradiation conditions (high void fraction, heat flux, temperature, lithium content and Zinc injection). Regarding licensing, the authorization for loading M5 TM alloy has been granted by US, UK, South Korean, German, Chinese, South-African, Swedish and Belgian Safety Authorities. Also the French Nuclear Safety Authority has given individually its authorization to load all-M5 TM fuel assembly batches in 1300MWe plants and a generic license to load all-M5 TM fuel in EDF N4 reactors and M5 TM fuel clad in 900MWe reactors for MOX parity fuel management. Licensing is also now underway in Switzerland, Finland, Brazil and Spain. The M5 TM alloy has demonstrated its superiority at burn-ups beyond current licensing limits, through operations in PWR at fuel rod burn-ups exceeding 71GWd/tU in the United States and 78GWd/tU in Europe. The Japanese nuclear industry has planned a stepwise approach to increase the burn-up of the fuel. Step-I fuel (48GWd/tU Fuel Assembly maximum burn-up) which was introduced in the late 80s. In the 90s started the licensing of the Step-II fuel (55GWd/tU Fuel Assembly maximum burn-up). Because the extension of the burn-up is important to reduce discharge fuel and cycle cost, the Japanese industry has plans to further extend the burn-up. In such burn-up region, fuel cladding with even better corrosion properties and very low hydrogen pick-up shall be necessary. M5 TM alloy, with high anticorrosion/hydriding properties, is suitable for not only the Step-II fuel

Structural and electrical properties of TmTe under high pressure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tang, Jie; Matsumoto, Takehiko; Kosaka, Takayuki; Matsumura, Takeshi; Suzuki, Takashi; Mori, Nobuo

1997-01-01

Pressure-induced valence state of Tm ions in TmTe has been investigated by measurements of electrical resistivity in situ x-ray diffraction and magnetic susceptibility at high pressure. Below 2 GPa, the valence of Tm was confirmed to be 2 + from the results of compressibility and magnetic susceptibility. The pressure dependence of the electrical resistivity up to 2 GPa at room temperature showed an exponential decrease, indicating a linear closing of the energy gap at a rate of -1 meV/GPa. In the pressure range above 2 GPa where the energy gap disappeared, the valence transition from Tm 2+ to Tm 3+ was concluded from the pressure dependence of the lattice parameters. The electrical resistivity showing a logarithmic temperature dependence was reminiscent of Kondo effect. Above 6 GPa at which the pressure dependence of electrical resistivity abruptly decreased, the structure was confirmed to transform from the NaCl-type with Tm 3+ to a tetragonal structure. (author)

Automated mapping of mineral groups and green vegetation from Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery with an example from the San Juan Mountains, Colorado

Science.gov (United States)

Rockwell, Barnaby W.

2013-01-01

Multispectral satellite data acquired by the ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (TM) sensors are being used to populate an online Geographic Information System (GIS) of the spatial occurrence of mineral groups and green vegetation across the western conterminous United States and Alaska. These geospatial data are supporting U.S. Geological Survey national-scale mineral deposit database development and other mineral resource and geoenvironmental research as a means of characterizing mineral exposures related to mined and unmined hydrothermally altered rocks and mine waste. This report introduces a new methodology for the automated analysis of Landsat TM data that has been applied to more than 180 scenes covering the western United States. A map of mineral groups and green vegetation produced using this new methodology that covers the western San Juan Mountains, Colorado, and the Four Corners Region is presented. The map is provided as a layered GeoPDF and in GIS-ready digital format. TM data analysis results from other well-studied and mineralogically characterized areas with strong hydrothermal alteration and (or) supergene weathering of near-surface sulfide minerals are also shown and compared with results derived from ASTER data analysis.

Towards green loyalty: the influences of green perceived risk, green image, green trust and green satisfaction

Science.gov (United States)

Chrisjatmiko, K.

2018-01-01

The paper aims to present a comprehensive framework for the influences of green perceived risk, green image, green trust and green satisfaction to green loyalty. The paper also seeks to account explicitly for the differences in green perceived risk, green image, green trust, green satisfaction and green loyalty found among green products customers. Data were obtained from 155 green products customers. Structural equation modeling was used in order to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings show that green image, green trust and green satisfaction has positive effects to green loyalty. But green perceived risk has negative effects to green image, green trust and green satisfaction. However, green perceived risk, green image, green trust and green satisfaction also seems to be a good device to gain green products customers from competitors. The contributions of the paper are, firstly, a more complete framework of the influences of green perceived risk, green image, green trust and green satisfaction to green loyalty analyses simultaneously. Secondly, the study allows a direct comparison of the difference in green perceived risk, green image, green trust, green satisfaction and green loyalty between green products customers.

Photoluminescence of rare-earth ion (Eu3+, Tm3+, and Er3+)-doped and co-doped ZnNb2O6 for solar cells

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Sen-Pei; Qian, Yan-Nan; Wang, Biao

2015-08-01

Visible converted emissions produced at an excitation of 286 nm in ZnNb2O6 ceramics doped with rare-earth ions (RE = Eu3+, Tm3+, Er3+ or a combination of these ions) were investigated with the aim of increasing the photovoltaic efficiency of solar cells. The structure of RE:ZnNb2O6 ceramics was confirmed by x-ray diffraction patterns. The undoped ZnNb2O6 could emit a blue emission under 286-nm excitation, which is attributed to the self-trapped excitons’ recombination of the efficient luminescence centers of edge-shared NbO6 groups. Upon 286-nm excitation, Eu:ZnNb2O6, Tm:ZnNb2O6, and Er:ZnNb2O6 ceramics showed blue, green, and red emissions, which correspond to the transitions of 5D0 → 7FJ (J = 1-4) (Eu3+), 1G4 → 3H6 (Tm3+), and 2H11/2/4S3/2 → 4I15/2 (Er3+), respectively. The calculated CIE chromaticity coordinates of Eu:ZnNb2O6, Tm:ZnNb2O6, and Er:ZnNb2O6 are (0.50, 0.31), (0.14, 0.19), and (0.29, 0.56), respectively. RE ion-co-doped ZnNb2O6 showed a combination of characteristic emissions. The chromaticity coordinates of Eu/Tm:ZnNb2O6, Eu/Er:ZnNb2O6, and Tm/Er:ZnNb2O6 were calculated to be (0.29, 0.24), (0.45, 0.37), and (0.17, 0.25). Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10572155 and 10732100) and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. 20130171130003).

Structural, Morphological, Vibrational, and Photoluminescence Study of Sol-Gel-Synthesized Tm3+:NaGd(WO4)2 Blue Phosphors

Science.gov (United States)

Durairajan, A.; Thangaraju, D.; Valente, M.; Moorthy Babu, S.

2015-11-01

The photoluminescence properties of sol-gel-derived NaGd1- x Tm x (WO4)2 sub-micron powders were studied. Formation of a crystalline material with a tetragonal structure and the I41/a space group was confirmed by powder x-ray diffraction measurements. The surface morphology and size distribution of the powders were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Double tungstate formation was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy and the corresponding vibrations were also assigned. A broad charge-transfer band (CTB) and intra-configurational 4f-4f transitions in the excitation spectra are discussed. Strong blue emission was observed at 455 nm (1D2 → 3F4) for both CTB and intra-configurational 4f-4f excitation bands, and strong emission as a result of intra-configurational 4f-4f excitation only was also observed. The concentration dependence of emission was studied, and emission was found to be maximum for x = 0.05. The corresponding critical distance was also determined and a mechanism is proposed for energy transfer by Tm3+ ions in the NaGd(WO4)2 matrix. The Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates were calculated and fell in the blue region of the CIE diagram. The coordinates of the blue intensity maximum were also matched with European Broadcasting Union standard values.

Monitoring urban greenness dynamics using multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muye Gan

Full Text Available Urban greenness is increasingly recognized as an essential constituent of the urban environment and can provide a range of services and enhance residents' quality of life. Understanding the pattern of urban greenness and exploring its spatiotemporal dynamics would contribute valuable information for urban planning. In this paper, we investigated the pattern of urban greenness in Hangzhou, China, over the past two decades using time series Landsat-5 TM data obtained in 1990, 2002, and 2010. Multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis was used to derive vegetation cover fractions at the subpixel level. An RGB-vegetation fraction model, change intensity analysis and the concentric technique were integrated to reveal the detailed, spatial characteristics and the overall pattern of change in the vegetation cover fraction. Our results demonstrated the ability of multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis to accurately model the vegetation cover fraction in pixels despite the complex spectral confusion of different land cover types. The integration of multiple techniques revealed various changing patterns in urban greenness in this region. The overall vegetation cover has exhibited a drastic decrease over the past two decades, while no significant change occurred in the scenic spots that were studied. Meanwhile, a remarkable recovery of greenness was observed in the existing urban area. The increasing coverage of small green patches has played a vital role in the recovery of urban greenness. These changing patterns were more obvious during the period from 2002 to 2010 than from 1990 to 2002, and they revealed the combined effects of rapid urbanization and greening policies. This work demonstrates the usefulness of time series of vegetation cover fractions for conducting accurate and in-depth studies of the long-term trajectories of urban greenness to obtain meaningful information for sustainable urban development.

Flow banding in basaltic pillow lavas from the Early Archean Hooggenoeg Formation, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa

Science.gov (United States)

Robins, Brian; Sandstå, Nils Rune; Furnes, Harald; de Wit, Maarten

2010-07-01

Well-preserved pillow lavas in the uppermost part of the Early Archean volcanic sequence of the Hooggenoeg Formation in the Barberton Greenstone Belt exhibit pronounced flow banding. The banding is defined by mm to several cm thick alternations of pale green and a dark green, conspicuously variolitic variety of aphyric metabasalt. Concentrations of relatively immobile TiO2, Al2O3 and Cr in both varieties of lava are basaltic. Compositional differences between bands and variations in the lavas in general have been modified by alteration, but indicate mingling of two different basalts, one richer in TiO2, Al2O3, MgO, FeOt and probably Ni and Cr than the other, as the cause of the banding. The occurrence in certain pillows of blebs of dark metabasalt enclosed in pale green metabasalt, as well as cores of faintly banded or massive dark metabasalt, suggest that breakup into drops and slugs in the feeder channel to the lava flow initiated mingling. The inhomogeneous mixture was subsequently stretched and folded together during laminar shear flow through tubular pillows, while diffusion between bands led to partial homogenisation. The most common internal pattern defined by the flow banding in pillows is concentric. In some pillows the banding defines curious mushroom-like structures, commonly cored by dark, variolitic metabasalt, which we interpret as the result of secondary lateral flow due to counter-rotating, transverse (Dean) vortices induced by the axial flow of lava towards the flow front through bends, generally downward, in the tubular pillows. Other pillows exhibit weakly-banded or massive, dark, variolitic cores that are continuous with wedge-shaped apophyses and veins that intrude the flow banded carapace. These cores represent the flow of hotter and less viscous slugs of the dark lava type into cooled and stiffened pillows.

Red photoluminescence and band edge shift from ZnO thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marotti, Ricardo E.; Badan, Juan A.; Quagliata, Eduardo; Dalchiele, Enrique A.

2007-01-01

The red photoluminescence (PL) band (peaked between 610 and 640 nm) from electrochemically deposited ZnO thin films is studied. The absorption coefficient is obtained from diffuse reflectance measurements. The absorption band edge depends on deposition conditions. The PL peak follows the shift of the band edge. A similar correlation appears when cooling down to 20 K. This suggests that PL is due to a transition from an intrinsic shallow state to an intrinsic deep state. Comparing against ZnO samples showing green PL, the shallow nature of the state is confirmed

Spectroscopic properties of the 1.4 microm emission of Tm3+ ions in TeO2-WO3-PbO glasses.

Science.gov (United States)

Balda, R; Lacha, L M; Fernández, J; Arriandiaga, M A; Fernández-Navarro, J M; Muñoz-Martin, D

2008-08-04

In this work, we report the spectroscopic properties of the infrared 3H4-->3F4 emission of Tm3+ ions in two different compositions of glasses based on TeO2, WO3, and PbO for three Tm2O3 concentrations (0.1,0.5, and 1 wt%). Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters have been determined and used to calculate the radiative transition probabilities and radiative lifetimes. The infrared emission at around 1490 nm corresponding to the 3H4-->F4 transition has two noticeable features if compared to fluoride glasses used for S-band amplifiers. On one hand, it is broader by nearly 30 nm, and on the other, the stimulated emission cross section is twice the value for fluoride glasses. Both the relative intensity ratio of the 1490 nm emission to 1820 nm and the measured lifetime of the 3H4 level decrease as concentration increases, due to the existence of energy transfer via cross-relaxation among Tm3+ ions. The analysis of the decays from the 3H4 level with increasing concentration indicates the presence of a dipole-dipole quenching process assisted by energy migration.

Sequential coating upconversion NaYF{sub 4}:Yb,Tm nanocrystals with SiO{sub 2} and ZnO layers for NIR-driven photocatalytic and antibacterial applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tou, Meijie; Luo, Zhenguo; Bai, Song; Liu, Fangying; Chai, Qunxia; Li, Sheng; Li, Zhengquan, E-mail: zqli@zjnu.edu.cn

2017-01-01

ZnO is one of the most promising materials for both photocatalytic and antibacterial applications, but its wide bandgap requires the excitation of UV light which limits their applications under visible and NIR bands. Herein, we demonstrate a facile approach to synthesize core-shell-shell hybrid nanoparticles consisting of hexagonal NaYF{sub 4}:Yb,Tm, amorphous SiO{sub 2} and wurtzite ZnO. The upconversion nanocrystals are used as the core seeds and sequentially coated with an insulting shell and a semiconductor layer. Such hybrid nanoparticles can efficiently utilize the NIR light through the upconverting process, and display notable photocatalytic performance and antibacterial activity under NIR irradiation. The developed NaYF{sub 4}:Yb,Tm@SiO{sub 2}@ZnO nanoparticles are characterized with TEM, XRD, EDS, XPS and PL spectra, and their working mechanism is also elucidated. - Highlights: • Core-shell NaYF{sub 4}:Yb,Tm@SiO{sub 2}@TiO{sub 2} NPs were synthesized via a sequential coating method. • Hybrid NaYF{sub 4}:Yb,Tm@SiO{sub 2}@TiO{sub 2} NPs show NIR-light enhanced photocatalytic activity. • NIR-driven antibacterial performance has been realized with NaYF{sub 4}:Yb,Tm@SiO{sub 2}@TiO{sub 2} NPs. • Working mechanism of the hybrid photocatalysts as antibacterial agents was proposed.

EEM{sup TM} wireless supervision

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bilic, H. [Ericsson-Nikola Tesla d.d. Zagreb (Croatia)

2000-07-01

By adding the GSM network to the communication level of Energy Management systems, energy operating centres (EOC) can offer wireless access to the supervised equipment. Furthermore EOC can profit from rapid service development in the GSM networks. With implementation of GPRS to the GSM network EOC can instantly offer wireless access to external IP based networks such as Internet and corporate Intranets. The author describes architecture and key characteristic of Ericsson EnergyMaster{sup TM} (EEM{sup TM}) system for Energy Management, how and where to implement wireless supervision, wireless access to IP addresses and also how to implement new services provided by the GSM network. (orig.)

WebotsTM: Professional Mobile Robot Simulation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olivier Michel

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Cyberbotics Ltd. develops WebotsTM, a mobile robotics simulation software that provides you with a rapid prototyping environment for modelling, programming and simulating mobile robots. The provided robot libraries enable you to transfer your control programs to several commercially available real mobile robots. WebotsTM lets you define and modify a complete mobile robotics setup, even several different robots sharing the same environment. For each object, you can define a number of properties, such as shape, color, texture, mass, friction, etc. You can equip each robot with a large number of available sensors and actuators. You can program these robots using your favorite development environment, simulate them and optionally transfer the resulting programs onto your real robots. WebotsTM has been developed in collaboration with the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, thoroughly tested, well documented and continuously maintained for over 7 years. It is now the main commercial product available from Cyberbotics Ltd.

Effect of correlation on the band structure of α-cerium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rao, R.S.; Singh, R.P.

1975-01-01

The electronic band structure of f.c.c. phase of the rare earth metal cerium (α-cerium) has been calculated using a formulation of the crystal potential where correlation also has been included in addition to exchange. The Green's function method of Korringa-Kohn and Rostoker has been used due to obvious advantages in calculation. The calculations indicate that the s-d bands are hybridized with the f-levels but the f-bands are fairly narrow and lie slightly above the Fermi level. The structure of the bands is qualitatively similar to those of calculations by others except for a general shift of the entire set of bands by about 0.1 Ryd. Thd density of states has also been calculated from the bands obtained. The spin susceptibility of α-cerium has also been calculated using the Kohn-Sham method. However, the calculated additional contributions to the band structure values cannot still explain the large experimental values reported in the literature. (author)

Sealing ability of grar MTA AngelusTM, CPM TM and MBPc used as apical plugs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Accorsi Orosco

2008-02-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the sealing ability of apical plugs fabricated with gray MTA AngelusTM sealer, CPM TM sealer and MBPc sealer. The root canals of 98 extracted single-rooted human teeth were instrumented with #5 to #1 Gates Glidden drills according to the crown-down technique until the #1 drill could pass through the apical foramen. The specimens were then prepared with K-files, starting with an ISO 50 until an ISO 90 could be visualized 1 mm beyond the apex. After root canal preparation, the external surface of each root was rendered impermeable and roots were assigned to 3 experimental groups (n = 30, which received a 5-mm thick apical plug of gray MTA AngelusTM, CPM TM and MBPc, and two control groups (n=4. The remaining portion of the canal in the experimental groups was filled by the lateral condensation technique. The teeth of each group, properly identified, were fixed on utility wax by their crowns and were placed in plastic flasks, leaving the apex free and facing upward. The flasks were filled with 0.2% Rhodamine B solution, pH 7.0, so as to completely cover the root apex of all teeth. The sealing ability was analyzed by measuring 0.2% Rhodamine B leakage after all groups had been maintained in this solution for 48 hours. Data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn test with a=5%. The results showed that, among the tested materials used for fabrication of apical plugs, MBPc sealer had the least amount of leakage with statistically significant difference (p<0.05.

Mini-column assay for rapid detection of malachite green in fish.

Science.gov (United States)

Shalaby, Ali R; Emam, Wafaa H; Anwar, Mervat M

2017-07-01

A simple, rapid and economical mini-column method for detecting malachite green (MG) residue in fish was developed. The method used a column with 2mm ID that was tightly packed with silica gel followed by alumina. Detection of MG was performed by viewing the developed mini-column at visible light by naked eye; where MG was seen as compact green band at the confluence of the silica gel layer with alumina layer. The limit of detection of the assay was 2ng which conform the minimum required performance limit (MRPL). Evaluation utility of the method indicated that all blank and spiked samples at levels below MRPL were assessed as accepted. The intensity of the green band increased whenever MG level in the extract increased; indicated that suggested mini-column technique could be used for semi-quantitative determination of MG in fish samples. The method can be used to select the questionable samples. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power system reliability enhancement by using PowerformerTM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rahmat-Allah Hooshmand

2009-01-01

Full Text Available A high-voltage generator PowerformerTM is a new generation of the AC generators. The most significant advantages of these PowerformerTM are their direct connection to high-voltage grid, higher availability, and more reactive power margin, short term overloading capacity and removing the power transformer from the structure of the power plant. In this paper, the installation effect of these generators on the power system reliability is investigated. The amount of the effects depends on the type and location of the power plant, location of the PowerformerTM, the size of load and network topology. For this purpose, in the 6-bus IEEE RBTS system, the conventional generators are replaced by these new PowerformerTM and then, the reliability indices are evaluated. The simulation results show that the reliability indices such as the expected duration of load curtailment (EDLC and the expected energy not served (EENS are improved. .

Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): Morphological transformation of galaxies across the green valley

Science.gov (United States)

Bremer, M. N.; Phillipps, S.; Kelvin, L. S.; De Propris, R.; Kennedy, Rebecca; Moffett, Amanda J.; Bamford, S.; Davies, L. J. M.; Driver, S. P.; Häußler, B.; Holwerda, B.; Hopkins, A.; James, P. A.; Liske, J.; Percival, S.; Taylor, E. N.

2018-05-01

We explore constraints on the joint photometric and morphological evolution of typical low redshift galaxies as they move from the blue cloud through the green valley and on to the red sequence. We select Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey galaxies with 10.25 sensitive K-band profiles of red and green galaxy populations are very similar while g-band profiles indicate more disc-like morphologies for the green galaxies: apparent (optical) morphological differences arise primarily from radial mass-to-light ratio variations. Two-component fits show that most green galaxies have significant bulge and disc components and that the blue to red evolution is driven by colour change in the disc. Together, these strongly suggest that galaxies evolve from blue to red through secular disc fading and that a strong bulge is present prior to any decline in star formation. The relative abundance of the green population implies a typical time-scale for traversing the green valley ˜1-2 Gyr and is independent of environment, unlike that of the red and blue populations. While environment likely plays a rôle in triggering the passage across the green valley, it appears to have little effect on time taken. These results are consistent with a green valley population dominated by (early type) disc galaxies that are insufficiently supplied with gas to maintain previous levels of disc star formation, eventually attaining passive colours. No single event is needed to quench their star formation.

MRI tracheomalacia (TM) assessment in pediatric patients

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ciet, P.; Wielopolski, P.; Lever, S.

Purpose: TM is an excessive narrowing of the intrathoracic part of the trachea. TM is a common congenital pediatric anomaly, but it’s often not recognized due to its unspecific clinical presentation. The aims of our study are: 1) to develop cine-MRI sequences to visualize central airways in static...... in pediatric population and allows avoiding radiation exposure and bronchoscopy for the evaluation of central airway dimensions....

Green synthesis of low-toxicity graphene-fulvic acid with an open band gap enhances demethylation of methylmercury.

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Xiangang; Mu, Li; Lu, Kaicheng; Kang, Jia; Zhou, Qixing

2014-06-25

The demethylation of methylmercury has received substantial attention. Here, a novel chemical method for the demethylation of methylmercury is proposed. The low-toxicity graphene-fulvic acid (FA, a ubiquitous material in the environment) was synthesized without the use of a chemical reagent. The hybridized graphene-FA presented an indirect open band gap of 2.25-2.87 eV as well as adequate aqueous dispersion. More importantly, the hybridized graphene-FA exhibited 6- and 10-fold higher photocatalytic efficiencies for the demethylation of methylmercury than FA and free FA with graphene, respectively. This result implies that immobilized, rather than free, FA accelerated the catalysis. Furthermore, inorganic mercuric ion, elemental mercury, and mercuric oxide were identified as the primary demethylation products. For free FA with graphene, graphene quenches the excited-state FA, inhibiting the demethylation by electron transfer. In contrast, the graphene of the self-assembled graphene-FA serves as an electron reservoir, causing electron-hole pair separation. Graphene-FA showed a negligible toxicity toward microalgae compared to graphene. The above results reveal that the green synthesis of graphene and organic molecules is a convenient strategy for obtaining effective cocatalysts.

Whole-body retention studies of /sup 167/Tm--citrate. Estimation of radiation dose to humans from /sup 167/Tm--citrate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hiraki, T; Ando, A [Kanazawa Univ. (Japan). School of Paramedicine; Mori, H; Ando, I; Sakamoto, K

1978-02-01

For the purpose of calculating absorbed dose to humans from /sup 167/Tm-citrate, the whole-body retention studies using 5 rats were carried out. Up to 40 days following intravenous injection of /sup 167/Tm-citrate, the whole-body counts were monitored with an animal counter. The whole-body retention curve was obtained with three exponential components. Namely, the 26% of the injected /sup 167/Tm-citrate had a biological half-time of 3.4 hours, 12.5% had a biological half-time of 99 hours and 61.5% had a biological half-time of 106 days. These results indicate, that three components consist of the rapid clearance from the kidneys, the retention in the liver and other soft tissues with relatively long half-time and the retention in the bones with long half-time. Based on these biological data and the MIRD Committee method, the average dose estimates to the bone and whole-body from intravenous administration of 1 mCi /sup 167/Tm-citrate were 7.08 rads and 1.28 rads, respectively.

Surface and bulk polaritons in a PML-type magnetoelectric multiferroic with canted spins: TE and TM polarization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gunawan, V; Stamps, R L, E-mail: slamev01@student.uwa.edu.au [School of Physics M013, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 (Australia)

2011-03-16

We present a theory for surface polaritons on ferroelectric-antiferromagnetic materials with canted spin structure. A small uniform canted moment is allowed, resulting in a weak ferromagnetism directed in the plane parallel to the surface. Surface and bulk polariton modes for a semi-infinite film are calculated for the case of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. Example results are presented using parameters appropriate for BaMnF{sub 4}. We find that the surface modes are non-reciprocal for the TE polarization due to the magnetoelectric interaction, and the non-reciprocity can be controlled by an applied electric field. Example results for attenuated total reflection (ATR) are calculated. The magnetoelectric interaction also gives rise to 'leaky' surface modes in the case of TM polarization. These are pseudo-surface waves that exist in the pass band, and dissipate energy into the bulk of the material. We show that these pseudo-surface mode frequencies and properties can be modified by temperature and the application of external electric or magnetic fields.

Upconversion luminescence and blackbody radiation in tetragonal YSZ co-doped with Tm(3+) and Yb(3+).

Science.gov (United States)

Soares, M R N; Ferro, M; Costa, F M; Monteiro, T

2015-12-21

Lanthanide doped inorganic nanoparticles with upconversion luminescence are of utmost importance for biomedical applications, solid state lighting and photovoltaics. In this work we studied the downshifted luminescence, upconversion luminescence (UCL) and blackbody radiation of tetragonal yttrium stabilized zirconia co-doped with Tm(3+) and Yb(3+) single crystals and nanoparticles produced by laser floating zone and laser ablation in liquids, respectively. The photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation (PLE) were investigated at room temperature (RT). PL spectra exhibit the characteristic lines in UV, blue/green, red and NIR regions of the Tm(3+) (4f(12)) under resonant excitation into the high energy (2S+1)LJ multiplets. Under NIR excitation (980 nm), the samples placed in air display an intense NIR at ∼800 nm due to the (1)G4→(3)H5/(3)H4→(3)H6 transitions. Additionally, red, blue/green and ultraviolet UCL is observed arising from higher excited (1)G4 and (1)D2 multiplets. The power excitation dependence of the UCL intensity indicated that 2-3 low energy absorbed photons are involved in the UCL for low power levels, while for high powers, the identified saturation is dependent on the material size with a enhanced effect on the NPs. The temperature dependence of the UCL was investigated for single crystals and targets used in the ablation. An overall increase of the integrated intensity was found to occur between 12 K and the RT. The thermally activated process is described by activation energies of 10 meV and 30 meV for single crystals and targets, respectively. For the NPs, the UCL was found to be strongly sensitive to pressure conditions. Under vacuum conditions, instead of the narrow lines of the Tm(3+), a wide blackbody radiation was detected, responsible for the change in the emission colour from blue to orange. This phenomenon is totally reversible when the NPs are placed at ambient pressure. The UCL/blackbody radiation in the nanosized material exhibits

Transition metal atoms absorbed on MoS2/h-BN heterostructure: stable geometries, band structures and magnetic properties.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Yanbing; Huang, Zongyu; Liu, Huating; He, Chaoyu; Xue, Lin; Qi, Xiang; Zhong, Jianxin

2018-06-15

We have studied the stable geometries, band structures and magnetic properties of transition-metal (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) atoms absorbed on MoS2/h-BN heterostructure systems by first-principles calculations. By comparing the adsorption energies, we find that the adsorbed transition metal (TM) atoms prefer to stay on the top of Mo atoms. The results of the band structure without spin-orbit coupling (SOC) interaction indicate that the Cr-absorbed systems behave in a similar manner to metals, and the Co-absorbed system exhibits a half-metallic state. We also deduce that the V-, Mn-, Fe-absorbed systems are semiconductors with 100% spin polarization at the HOMO level. The Ni-absorbed system is a nonmagnetic semiconductor. In contrast, the Co-absorbed system exhibits metallic state, and the bandgap of V-absorbed system decreases slightly according to the SOC calculations. In addition, the magnetic moments of all the six TM atoms absorbed on the MoS2/h-BN heterostructure systems decrease when compared with those of their free-standing states.

Conserved water-mediated hydrogen bond network between TM-I, -II, -VI, and -VII in 7TM receptor activation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nygaard, Rie; Hansen, Louise Valentin; Mokrosinski, Jacek

2010-01-01

Five highly conserved polar residues connected by a number of structural water molecules together with two rotamer micro-switches, TrpVI:13 and TyrVII:20, constitute an extended hydrogen bond network between the intracellular segments of TM-I, -II, -VI, and -VII of 7TM receptors. Molecular dynamics...... to apparently function as a catching trap for water molecules. Mutational analysis of the beta2-adrenergic receptor demonstrated that the highly conserved polar residues of the hydrogen bond network were all important for receptor signaling but served different functions, some dampening constitutive activity...... (AsnI:18, AspII:10, and AsnVII:13), whereas others (AsnVII:12 and AsnVII:16) located one helical turn apart and sharing a water molecule were shown to be essential for agonist-induced signaling. It is concluded that the conserved water hydrogen bond network of 7TM receptors constitutes an extended...

Single-Layer, Dual-Port, Dual-Band, and Orthogonal-Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Array with Low Frequency Ratio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Min Wang

2018-01-01

Full Text Available A single-layer, dual-port, dual-band, and dual circularly polarized (CP microstrip array is designed for satellite communication in this paper. The operating frequencies are 8.2 and 8.6 GHz with a very low ratio of 1.05. First, a rectangular patch element is fed through microstrip lines at two orthogonal edges to excite two orthogonal dominant modes of TM01 and TM10. The very low frequency ratio can be realized with high polarization isolations. Then, a 2-by-2 dual-band dual-CP subarray is constructed by two independent sets of sequentially rotated (SR feed structures. An 8-by-8 array is designed on the single-layer thin substrate. Finally, by utilizing one-to-four power dividers and semirigid coaxial cables, a 16-by-16 array is developed to achieve higher gain. Measured results show that the 16-by-16 array has 15 dB return loss (RL bandwidths of 4.81% and 6.75% and 3 dB axial ratio (AR bandwidths of 2.84% and 1.57% in the lower and the upper bands, respectively. Isolations of 18.6 dB and 19.4 dB and peak gains of 25.1 dBic and 25.6 dBic are obtained at 8.2 and 8.6 GHz, respectively.

Effect of composition on the spontaneous emission probabilities, stimulated emission cross-sections and local environment of Tm{sup 3+} in TeO{sub 2}-WO{sub 3} glass

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oezen, G. E-mail: gozenl@itu.edu.tr; Aydinli, A.; Cenk, S.; Sennaroglu, A

2003-04-01

Effect of composition on the structure, spontaneous and stimulated emission probabilities of various 1.0 mol% Tm{sub 2}O{sub 3} doped (1-x)TeO{sub 2}+(x)WO{sub 3} glasses were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV/VIS/NIR) absorption and luminescence measurements. Absorption measurements in the UV/VIS/NIR region were used to determine spontaneous emission probabilities for the 4f-4f transitions of Tm{sup 3+} ions. Six absorption bands corresponding to the absorption of the {sup 1}G{sub 4}, {sup 3}F{sub 2}, {sup 3}F{sub 3} and {sup 3}F{sub 4}, {sup 3}H{sub 5} and {sup 3}H{sub 4} levels from the {sup 3}H{sub 6} ground level were observed. Integrated absorption cross-section of each band except that of {sup 3}H{sub 5} level was found to vary with the glass composition. Luminescence spectra of the samples were measured upon 457.9 nm excitation. Three emission bands centered at 476 nm ({sup 1}G{sub 4}{yields}{sup 3}H{sub 6} transition), 651 nm ({sup 1}G{sub 4}{yields}{sup 3}H{sub 4} transition) and 800 nm ({sup 1}G{sub 4}{yields}{sup 3}H{sub 5} transition) were observed. Spontaneous emission cross-sections together with the luminescence spectra measured upon 457.9 nm excitation were used to determine the stimulated emission cross-sections of these emissions. The effect of glass composition on the Judd-Ofelt parameters and therefore on the spontaneous and the stimulated emission cross-sections for the metastable levels of Tm{sup 3+} ions were discussed in detail. The effect of temperature on the stimulated emission cross-sections for the emissions observed upon 457.9 nm excitation was also discussed.

Estimativa da evapotranspiração real diária utilizando-se imagens digitais TM - Landsat 5 Assessment of daily actual evapotranspiration using TM - Landsat 5 digital images

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bergson G. Bezerra

2008-09-01

and regional scale, utilizing the SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land. The TM - Landsat 5 images and weather data were used in order to assess the energy balance components. The studied area is located in Cariri region, Ceará State, and is composed by irrigated areas, native vegetation and part of the Chapada do Araripe Reserve. Four TM - Landsat 5 images of September 29th, October 15th, October 31st and November 16th of 2005, were used. Daily ETr was estimated based on the density of latent heat flux, obtained as residue of the energy balance equation. The application of the SEBAL algorithm includes some steps as radiometric calibration, estimation of the reflectance and albedo, emissivity and vegetation index, based on the reflective bands of the orbital sensors and further on the surface temperature (thermal band for the TM - Ladsat 5. Two irrigated fields of castor bean and cotton were used do validated the ETr estimated values. The reference evapotranspiration was obtained by FAO-Penman-Monteith method. The mean daily ETr over the studied area presented values of 3.8, 3.7, 4.6 and 3.4 mm.dia-1 on 29/09, 15/10, 31/10 and 16/11, respectively. When compared to measured data in the castor bean (Ricinus communis L. and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum irrigated crops, the ETr values obtained with SEBAL present differences smaller than 1,0 mm day-1, showing its importance and accuracy.

Synthesis and characterization of KY3F10 and KY3F10:Yb:Nd:Tm crystals for optical applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Linhares, Horacio Marconi da Silva Dantas

2009-01-01

In this work, crystals of KY 3 F 10 pure and doped with Yb, Nd and Tm were grown aiming at the attainment of blue emission via Tm 3+ ions up conversion. It was established the best conditions to synthesis and purification of KY 3 F 10 . Crystals doped with 1.3 mol% Nd, 0.5 mol% Tm and some concentrations of Yb (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mol%) were obtained by slow cooling of the charge from the melt, using an usual conventional synthesis system and in a reactive HF atmosphere. It was taken into account parameters as cooling rate and different configurations of boats to conditioning the materials. The limit of Yb concentration to obtain a unique cubic phase was determined as 30mol%, for the cooling rates used in this work. The physical and chemical characterizations of the samples were performed by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy, optical absorption and emission. An initial spectroscopic study was performed to verify the effect of the Yb 3+ concentration regarding the blue emission efficiency in the KY 3 F 10 :Yb:Nd:Tm. When the Nd 3+ is pumped at 797 nm, it was determined that the suitable Yb concentrations are between 10 and 20 mol% to obtain blue emission at 480 nm, and between 20 and 30 mol% to obtain emission at 450 nm. It was observed that two emissions bands in the UV (350 and 360nm) enhanced proportionally with the Yb 3+ concentration. (author)

HiPer-tex{sup TM} WindStrand{sup TM}: A new generation of high performance reinforcement

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Peters, L.; Adolphs, G. [Owens Corning S and T, Battice (Belgium); Bech, J.I.; Broendsted, P. [Risoe National Lab., Material Research Dept., Roskilde (Denmark)

2006-07-01

Owens Corning has recently introduced the HiPer-texTM family of high performance reinforcements of which WindStrandTM is engineered to specific customer process requirements of resin infusion and prepregs for Wind Turbine blades manufacture. The new HiPer-tex technology platform enables up to 35% higher strength, 17% higher modulus, better impact, corrosion and high temperature resistance and significantly better fatigue properties versus traditional E Glass laminates. These attributes have been measured with various laminates types and are presented in this paper. These better performances are needed in markets such as Wind Energy, pressure vessels, armour, aerospace and light weight structural component. (au)

Plastic Muscles TM as lightweight, low voltage actuators and sensors

Science.gov (United States)

Bennett, Matthew; Leo, Donald; Duncan, Andrew

2008-03-01

Using proprietary technology, Discover Technologies has developed ionomeric polymer transducers that are capable of long-term operation in air. These "Plastic Muscle TM" transducers are useful as soft distributed actuators and sensors and have a wide range of applications in the aerospace, robotics, automotive, electronics, and biomedical industries. Discover Technologies is developing novel fabrication methods that allow the Plastic Muscles TM to be manufactured on a commercial scale. The Plastic Muscle TM transducers are capable of generating more than 0.5% bending strain at a peak strain rate of over 0.1 %/s with a 3 V input. Because the Plastic Muscles TM use an ionic liquid as a replacement solvent for water, they are able to operate in air for long periods of time. Also, the Plastic Muscles TM do not exhibit the characteristic "back relaxation" phenomenon that is common in water-swollen devices. The elastic modulus of the Plastic Muscle TM transducers is estimated to be 200 MPa and the maximum generated stress is estimated to be 1 MPa. Based on these values, the maximum blocked force at the tip of a 6 mm wide, 35 mm long actuator is estimated to be 19 mN. Modeling of the step response with an exponential series reveals nonlinearity in the transducers' behavior.

Integration of acoustic emission systems within Integri-TechTM analysis system for structural health monitoring of pressurised engineering plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ghouri, A A; Galbraith, Walter; Pierce, S Gareth; Gachagan, Anthony; Rafferty, Steven; Pickwell, Andy

2015-01-01

The aim of this Acoustic Emission (AE) based Structural Health Monitoring project is to enable accurate location of AE sources in pressurised engineering plant and to use AE source location data to establish defect locations for use within Integri-Tech TM ; a finite element based analysis, monitoring and fitness for service assessment system. Integri-Tech TM is a windows based system which carries out combined analysis and assessment providing fatigue life and remnant life calculations and inspection priorities presenting the results in an accessible web portal format. The software uses finite element stress models created in the companion software Model Wizard. The AE monitoring system that has been developed can be used with an array of up to four AE broad band sensor channels with associated signal processing. Using a flexible approach in MATLAB, the authors have developed algorithms which were used for analysing the received AE signals to extract information about the nature and location of the source. The ability to carry out source location and possibly perform real time monitoring (detecting cracking as it occurs) is attractive feature of the AE system developed for this project. The time of arrival (TOA) data was used by Integri-Tech TM software to calculate source location using its own built-in algorithm, and this was verified independently using a MATLAB approach. (paper)

Functional-derivative study of the Hubbard model. III. Fully renormalized Green's function

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arai, T.; Cohen, M.H.

1980-01-01

The functional-derivative method of calculating the Green's function developed earlier for the Hubbard model is generalized and used to obtain a fully renormalized solution. Higher-order functional derivatives operating on the basic Green's functions, G and GAMMA, are all evaluated explicitly, thus making the solution applicable to the narrow-band region as well as the wide-band region. Correction terms Phi generated from functional derivatives of equal-time Green's functions of the type delta/sup n/ /deltaepsilon/sup n/, etc., with n > or = 2. It is found that the Phi's are, in fact, renormalization factors involved in the self-energy Σ and that the structure of the Phi's resembles that of Σ and contains the same renormalization factors Phi. The renormalization factors Phi are shown to satisfy a set of equations and can be evaluated self-consistently. In the presence of the Phi's, all difficulties found in the previous results (papers I and II) are removed, and the energy spectrum ω can now be evaluated for all occupations n. The Schwinger relation is the only basic relation used in generating this fully self-consistent Green's function, and the Baym-Kadanoff continuity condition is automatically satisfied

Electrical and optical characterization of green synthesized Gd{sub 2}S{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paul, Somnath, E-mail: somnathpaul459@gmail.com; Sarkar, A. [Dept of Physics, Bijoy Krishna Girls’ College, 5/3, M. G. Road, Howrah-711101 (India)

2016-05-06

Gadolinium sulphide (Gd{sub 2}S{sub 3}) is a magnetic semiconductor with large band gap. Gd{sub 2}S{sub 3} was synthesized following chemical and green techniques. Later process provides good stability of the nano clusters (NC) due to in-situ capping of Gd{sub 2}S{sub 3} NC. It has been found that the optical band gap in Gd{sub 2}S{sub 3} developed by green synthesis is lowered considerably over that in chemically synthesized Gd{sub 2}S{sub 3}. The green agencies used in this work are Jatropha Latex and dilute Garlic extract; both are enriched in sulphur and other organic polymer molecules. Simple observation shows that Gd{sub 2}S{sub 3} NC retains residual magnetization. In this work optical and electrical characterization of the developed Gd{sub 2}S{sub 3} specimens are carried out. The overall results obtained are good.

Optical Properties of Tm(3+) Ions in Alkali Germanate Glass

Science.gov (United States)

Walsh, Brian M.; Barnes, Norman P.; Reichle, Donald J.; Jiang, Shibin

2006-01-01

Tm-doped alkali germanate glass is investigated for use as a laser material. Spectroscopic investigations of bulk Tm-doped germanate glass are reported for the absorption, emission and luminescence decay. Tm:germanate shows promise as a fiber laser when pumped with 0.792 m diodes because of low phonon energies. Spectroscopic analysis indicates low nonradiative quenching and pulsed laser performance studies confirm this prediction by showing a quantum efficiency of 1.69.

PLUS7TM In-Reactor Operating Performance and Economics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Kyutae; Jang, Youngki; Choi, Joonhyung; Lee, Jinseok; Kim, Yoonho; Suh, Jungmin

2006-01-01

KNFC has developed an advanced fuel, PLUS7 TM , for the Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plants(KSNPs) through the joint development program with Westinghouse. With the help of various out-of-pile tests, it is found that the PLUS7 TM shows much better performance than the current fuel, GUARDIAN TM from the safety and economy points of view. Now four Lead Test Assembles(LTAs) of the PLUS7 TM are being irradiated for the 3 rd cycle after the successful completion of the 1 st and 2 nd irradiation cycles. During the 1 st and 2 nd irradiation cycles, no fuel failure was observed at LTAs and their nuclear-related parameters matched their design values well. During the overhaul period, on the other hand, pool side examinations were performed for four LTAs to generate key in-reactor fuel performance data such as fuel rod and assembly growths, fuel rod-to-top nozzle gap, fuel assembly bow and twist, fuel rod bow, spacer grid width, fuel rod diameter and fuel rod oxide layer thickness. It is found that all measured values are bounded by upper and lower predicted ones. The detailed economic analyses have shown that significant fuel cycle cost can be reduced by more than one million dollars per cycle of one KSNP with the introduction of the PLUS7 TM assembly. Furthermore, more than one hundred million dollars with power up-rating of 5% can be saved annually for currently operating eight KSNPs, which is easily and safety achievable with the PLUS7 TM assembly

Suitability of some green pea (Pisum sativum L. varieties for processing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jokanović Marija R.

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Green pea (Pisum sativum L. has a long tradition in Serbia and Montenegro as a processing crop. Short growing season, relatively simple production, pleasant taste and high nutritional value stimulate both production and consumption of peas. The objective of this paper is to present the main characteristics of two pea varieties, domestic cultivar Tamis and imported cultivar Jof and the influence of prolonged time between harvest and processing on the changes of main characteristics. Both cultivars have grains of very high quality that can be used for industrial processing as well as for garden growing (the green market. In the present paper the results of one-year study are shown: cultivar characteristics, growing season length, and physico-chemical (tenderometer value (TM, dry matter, alcohol insoluble solids (AIS, sugar and starch measurements for texture determination. According to the results, the optimal way of processing for each variety was recommended. .

First principle investigation of structural, electronic and magnetic properties of cubic Cd{sub 0.9375}TM{sub 0.0625}S (TM=Ni, Co and Fe)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yahi, Hakima, E-mail: yahihaki@yahoo.fr; Meddour, Athmane, E-mail: a_meddour@yahoo.fr

2017-06-15

In this study, we investigated the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of Cd{sub 0.9375}TM{sub 0.0625}S (TM=Ni, Co and Fe) compounds in zinc blende (B3) ferromagnetic phase using all-electron full-potential linear muffin tin orbital (FP-LMTO) calculations within the frame work of the density functional theory and the generalized gradient approximation. The analysis of electronic structures shows that Cd{sub 0.9375}Ni{sub 0.0625}S, Cd{sub 0.9375}Co{sub 0.0625}S and Cd{sub 0.9375}Fe{sub 0.0625}S compounds are half-metallic ferromagnets with 100% spin polarization at the Fermi level. This half-metallic behavior is confirmed by the total calculated magnetic moment per Ni, Co and Fe substituted transition metal (TM) atom, which is found to be 2 µ{sub B}, 3 µ{sub B} and 4 µ{sub B} for Cd{sub 0.9375}TM{sub 0.0625}S (TM=Ni, Co and Fe) compounds, respectively. Furthermore, we found that the TM-3d states are responsible for generating spin-polarization and magnetic moment in these compounds and we establish that the p-d hybridization reduces the local magnetic moment of TM atoms from its free space charge value and produces small local magnetic moments on nonmagnetic Cd and S host sites. Also, we predicted exchange splitting energy Δ{sub x}(pd) and exchange constants N{sub 0}α and N{sub 0}β. The calculated values validate the ferromagnetic nature of these compounds.

Crystal growth, spectroscopic and laser properties of Tm:LuAG crystal

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, X. D.; Wang, X. D.; Lin, Z. F.; Cheng, Y.; Li, D. Z.; Cheng, S. S.; Wu, F.; Zhao, Z. W.; Gao, C. Q.; Gao, M. W.; Xu, J.

2009-11-01

Tm:Lu3Al5O12 (Tm:LuAG) crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. The segregation coefficient was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer. The cell parameters were analyzed with X-ray powder diffraction experiments. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of Tm:LuAG crystal at room temperature were investigated. With a 20 W fiber-coupled diode laser as pump source, the continuous-wave (CW) laser action of Tm:LuAG crystal was demonstrated. The maximum output power at 2020 nm was obtained to be 3.04 W, and the slope efficiency was 25.3%.

Color-tunable up-conversion emission of luminescent-plasmonic, core/shell nanomaterials – KY{sub 3}F{sub 10}:Yb{sup 3+},Tm{sup 3+}/SiO{sub 2}-NH{sub 2}/Au

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Runowski, Marcin, E-mail: runowski@amu.edu.pl

2017-06-15

Multifunctional luminescent-plasmonic KY{sub 3}F{sub 10}:Yb{sup 3+},Tm{sup 3+}/SiO{sub 2}-NH{sub 2}/Au nanomaterials were successfully obtained. The lanthanide-doped fluoride nanoparticles (NPs), synthesized under hydrothermal conditions exhibited bright blue up-conversion luminescence (λ{sub ex}=980 nm). Such lanthanide nanocrystals (20–40 nm) were coated with amine modified silica shell, forming core/shell nanostructures. Their surface was further uniformly covered with ultra-small gold NPs (4–7 nm). The as-prepared luminescent-plasmonic core/shell nanomaterials exhibited tunable up-conversion emission, due to the interactions between plasmonic and luminescent phases. The emission of Tm{sup 3+} ion was affected by the surface Au NPs, which exhibited strong plasmonic absorption in the visible range (450–650 nm). The increasing amount of the surface Au NPs, led to the significant alterations in a ratio of the Tm{sup 3+} emission bands. The NIR band ({sup 3}H{sub 4}→{sup 3}H{sub 6}) was unchanged, whereas the ratio and relative intensity of the bands in a visible range ({sup 1}G{sub 4}→{sup 3}H{sub 6} and {sup 1}G{sub 4}→{sup 3}F{sub 4}) was altered. This led to the significant change of the emission spectra shape and influenced color of emission, tuning it from bright blue to blue-violet. The products obtained were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and luminescence spectroscopy (excitation/emission spectra and luminescence decay curves).

Growth and characterization of red-green-blue cathodoluminescent ceramic films

Science.gov (United States)

Gozzi, Daniele; Latini, Alessandro; Salviati, Giancarlo; Armani, Nicola

2006-06-01

Gd2O3 and Y2O3 films, respectively, doped with Eu3+, Tb3+, and Tm3+ have been grown by the electron beam physical vapor codeposition technique on optically polished quartz substrates. The film samples have been doped at different concentrations by the corresponding rare-earth oxides. The concentration range explored is from 0.9% to 9.8% on 18 samples. For each film sample an extended characterization has been performed by thin film-x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectroscopy, cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, and color coordinate analysis. Y2O3 films display the most intense red-green-blue (RGB) emission and their film morphology and structure are more compact and crystalline with respect to Gd2O3 monoclinic films. Eu3+ and Tb3+ doped Y2O3 films grow oriented along the (222) direction. The ratios between the intensities of the electric dipole and magnetic dipole transitions have been also evaluated. The blue emission of Tm3+ doped Gd2O3 is lacking in the dopant concentration range from 1.6% to 7.6%, whereas it is present in Tm3+ doped Y2O3 films, at approximately the same dopant concentration range (1.9%-9.8%). Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage plot of the color coordinates of all the RGB film samples has been reported together with the RGB phosphor standard used in cathodic ray tube TV screens.

White phosphor using Yb3+-sensitized Er3+-and Tm3+-doped sol-gel derived lead-fluorosilicate transparent glass ceramic excited at 980 nm

Science.gov (United States)

Tavares, M. C. P.; da Costa, E. B.; Bueno, L. A.; Gouveia-Neto, A. S.

2018-01-01

Generation of primary colors and white light through frequency upconversion using sol-gel derived 80SiO2:20PbF2 vitroceramic phosphors doped with Er3+, Er3+/Yb3+, Tm3+/Yb3+, and Er3+/Tm3+/Yb3+ excited at 980 nm is demonstrated. For Er3+ and Er3+/Yb3+ doped samples emissions were obtained in the blue (410 nm), green (530, and 550 nm) and red (670 nm) regions, corresponding to the 2H9/2 → 4I15/2,2H11/2 → 4I15/2, 4S3/2 → 4I152 and 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transitions of Er3+, respectively. The codoping with Yb3+ ions altered the spectral profile of most of the emissions compared to the single doped samples, resulting in changes in the emitted color, in addition to a significant increase in the emission intensity. In Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped samples visible emissions in the blue (480 nm), and red (650 nm), corresponding to transitions 1G4 → 3H6 and 1G4 → 3F4 of Tm3+, respectively, were obtained. The emission intensity around 480 nm overcome the red emission, and luminescence showed a predominantly blue tone. White light with CIE-1931 coordinates (0.36; 0.34) was produced by homogeneously mixing up powders of heat treated at 400 °C co-doped samples 5.0Er3+/5.0Yb3+ and 0.5Tm3+/2.5Yb3+ in the mass ratio of 13%, and 87%, respectively. The measured emission spectrum for a sample resulting from the mixture showed a profile with very good agreement with the spectrum found from the superimposition of the spectra of the co-doped samples.

High power X-band coaxial amplifier experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davis, T.J.; Nation, J.A.

1991-01-01

Studies are continuing on the development of X-band coaxial microwave amplifiers as a source for next generation linear colliders. Coaxial amplifiers employ an annular electron beam propagating between inner and outer drift tube conductors, a configuration which allows large increases in beam current over standard pencil beam amplifiers. Large average diameter systems may still be used without mode competition since TM mode cutoff frequencies are controlled by the separation between conductors. A number of amplifier configurations are being studied, all primed by a driven initial cavity which resonates around 9 GHz. Simple theory of coaxial systems and particle-in-cell simulations are presented, as well as initial experimental results using a 420 keV, 7-8 kA, 9 cm diameter annular beam

Diode-Pumped Thulium (Tm)/Holmium (Ho) Composite Fiber 2.1-Micrometers Laser

Science.gov (United States)

2015-09-01

Schematic of the 800-nm diode pumped Tm/Ho composite fiber laser 8 Under quasi-continuous wave (Q- CW ) pumping conditions of 1-ms duration and a...Fig. 9 (Top) Schematic of the 800-nm diode -pumped Tm/Ho composite fiber laser with outcoupler. (Left) Q- CW laser performance of the Tm/Ho composite...ARL-TR-7452 ● SEP 2015 US Army Research Laboratory Diode -Pumped Thulium (Tm)/Holmium (Ho) Composite Fiber 2.1-μm Laser by G

A green-emitting CdSe/Poly(butyl acrylate) nanocomposite

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Peres, M.; Costa, L.C.; Neves, A.; Soares, M.J.; Monteiro, T.; Carvalho Esteves, de A.C.; Barros-Timmons, A.M.M.V.; Trindade, T.; Kholkin, A.; Alves, E.

2005-01-01

CdSe/poly(butyl acrylate) nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ miniemulsion polymerization. The hybrid nanomaterial is very stable and presents a bright green photoluminescence at 2.29 eV under ultraviolet excitation. With the excitation conditions used the intensity of the emission band keeps

Ultra-Thin Multi-Band Polarization-Insensitive Microwave Metamaterial Absorber Based on Multiple-Order Responses Using a Single Resonator Structure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yong Zhi Cheng

2017-10-01

Full Text Available We design an ultra-thin multi-band polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber (MMA using a single circular sector resonator (CSR structure in the microwave region. Simulated results show that the proposed MMA has three distinctive absorption peaks at 3.35 GHz, 8.65 GHz, and 12.44 GHz, with absorbance of 98.8%, 99.7%, and 98.3%, respectively, which agree well with an experiment. Simulated surface current distributions of the unit-cell structure reveal that the triple-band absorption mainly originates from multiple-harmonic magnetic resonance. The proposed triple-band MMA can remain at a high absorption level for all polarization of both transverse-electric (TE and transverse-magnetic (TM modes under normal incidence. Moreover, by further optimizing the geometric parameters of the CSRs, four-band and five-band MMAs can also be obtained. Thus, our design will have potential application in detection, sensing, and stealth technology.

PRIze{sup TM} 1.2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-10-01

PRIze{sup TM} 1.2 is a computer program that evaluates the improved oil recovery (IOR) potential of petroleum reservoirs including the use of horizontal wells. It was created in 1992 and has since been used in over 800 reservoir evaluations. The tool provides information on the feasibility of IOR processes based on reservoir parameters. PRIze{sup TM} makes predictions for chemical, gas injection and thermal IOR processes based on both vertical and horizontal wells. The program provides a uniform data entry screen that allows the user to input 42 average values of geological parameters, fluid properties and oil production mechanism information into a data file. The data can be used to provide a production forecast, and enable the user to establish, to a first order approximation, the economic viability of a given process.

TmCd quadrupolar ordering and magnetic interactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aleonard, R.; Morin, P.

1979-01-01

The paramagnetic compound TmCd crystallizes with the CsCl-type structure. Its Jahn-Teller behavior was first observed by Luethi and coworkers. We analyze here various physical properties with a pure-harmonic-elasticity model. The structural transition between cubic and tetragonal phases is now fully described (first-order character and temperature of occurrence) as well as the magnetic susceptibility, magnetization process, specific-heat, elastic-constant, and strain data. The relevant Hamiltonian takes into account the second-order magnetoelastic coupling and the quadrupolar exchange in addition to the cubic crystal field and the Heisenberg bilinear interactions. TmCd appears to be closely related to isomorphous TmZn and completes the illustration of the competition between bilinear and quadrupolar interactions occurring in some rare-earth intermetallics. In these two compounds, the quadrupolar exchange is many times stronger than the magnetoelastic coupling and the quadrupolar ordering then drives the structural transition. This situation is opposite to that occurring in (actual) Jahn-Teller compounds

Powernext FuturesTM statistics. April 30, 2006

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2006-01-01

The introduction of a power exchange in France is a direct response to the opening up of the European electricity markets. Powernext SA is a Multilateral Trading Facility in charge of managing an optional and anonymous organised exchange offering: - Day-ahead contracts for the management of volume risk on Powernext Day-Ahead TM since 21 November 2001, - Medium term contracts for the management of price risk on Powernext Futures TM since 18 June 2004. This document presents in a series of tables and graphics the April 30, 2006 update of Powernext Futures TM statistics: year, quarter and month contracts for April 2006, base-load and peak-load contracts overview from November 2005 to April 2006 (monthly volume in MW, open interest by delivery year in MWh, daily settlement price of the upcoming delivery period), and market liquidity in April 2006 (average bid ask spread and availability for base-load and peak-load contracts). (J.S.)

Powernext FuturesTM statistics. Jun 30, 2006

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2006-01-01

The introduction of a power exchange in France is a direct response to the opening up of the European electricity markets. Powernext SA is a Multilateral Trading Facility in charge of managing an optional and anonymous organised exchange offering: - Day-ahead contracts for the management of volume risk on Powernext Day-Ahead TM since 21 November 2001, - Medium term contracts for the management of price risk on Powernext Futures TM since 18 June 2004. This document presents in a series of tables and graphics the June 30, 2006 update of Powernext Futures TM statistics: year, quarter and month contracts for June 2006, base-load and peak-load contracts overview from January 2006 to June 2006 (monthly volume in MW, open interest by delivery year in MWh, daily settlement price of the upcoming delivery period), and market liquidity in June 2006 (average bid ask spread and availability for base-load and peak-load contracts). (J.S.)

The role of charge transfer in the oxidation state change of Ce atoms in the TM13-CeO2(111) systems (TM = Pd, Ag, Pt, Au): a DFT + U investigation.

Science.gov (United States)

Tereshchuk, Polina; Freire, Rafael L H; Ungureanu, Crina G; Seminovski, Yohanna; Kiejna, Adam; Da Silva, Juarez L F

2015-05-28

Despite extensive studies of transition metal (TM) clusters supported on ceria (CeO2), fundamental issues such as the role of the TM atoms in the change in the oxidation state of Ce atoms are still not well understood. In this work, we report a theoretical investigation based on static and ab initio molecular dynamics density functional theory calculations of the interaction of 13-atom TM clusters (TM = Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with the unreduced CeO2(111) surface represented by a large surface unit cell and employing Hubbard corrections for the strong on-site Coulomb correlation in the Ce f-electrons. We found that the TM13 clusters form pyramidal-like structures on CeO2(111) in the lowest energy configurations with the following stacking sequence, TM/TM4/TM8/CeO2(111), while TM13 adopts two-dimensional structures at high energy structures. TM13 induces a change in the oxidation state of few Ce atoms (3 of 16) located in the topmost Ce layer from Ce(IV) (itinerant Ce f-states) to Ce(III) (localized Ce f-states). There is a charge flow from the TM atoms to the CeO2(111) surface, which can be explained by the electronegativity difference between the TM (Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) and O atoms, however, the charge is not uniformly distributed on the topmost O layer due to the pressure induced by the TM13 clusters on the underlying O ions, which yields a decrease in the ionic charge of the O ions located below the cluster and an increase in the remaining O ions. Due to the charge flow mainly from the TM8-layer to the topmost O-layer, the charge cannot flow from the Ce(IV) atoms to the O atoms with the same magnitude as in the clean CeO2(111) surface. Consequently, the effective cationic charge decreases mainly for the Ce atoms that have a bond with the O atoms not located below the cluster, and hence, those Ce atoms change their oxidation state from IV to III. This increases the size of the Ce(III) compared with the Ce(IV) cations, which builds-in a strain within the topmost Ce layer, and

In vitro screening of reversible and time-dependent inhibition on CYP3A by TM208 and TM209 in rat liver microsomes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miaoran Ning

2012-04-01

Full Text Available TM208 and TM209, dithiocarbamate derivatives with potential anti-cancer effects, were evaluated in reversible and time-dependent cytochrome P450 (CYP 3A inhibition assays in rat liver microsomes using testosterone as probe substrate. Both compounds were found to be weak reversible inhibitors and moderate mechanism-based inhibitors of rat CYP3A. For reversible inhibition on rat CYP3A, the Ki values of competitive inhibition model were 12.10±1.75 and 13.94±1.31 μM, respectively. For time-dependent inhibition, the inactivation constants (Kl were 31.93±12.64 and 32.91±15.58 μM, respectively, and the maximum inactivation rates (kinact were 0.03497±0.0069 and 0.07259±0.0172 min−1 respectively. These findings would provide useful in vitro information for future in vivo DDI studies on TM208 or TM209.

Study of electroless nickel plating on PerFactoryTM rapid prototype model

OpenAIRE

J.C. Rajaguru; C. Au, M. Duke

2012-01-01

This paper presents an investigation of electroless nickel plating on PerFactoryTM rapid prototype model built on PerFactoryTM R05 material. PerFactoryTM R05 is acrylic based photo sensitive resin. It is a popular material in rapid prototyping using PerFactoryTM method which employs addictive manufacturing technique to build prototypes for visual inspection, assembly etc. Metallization of such a prototype can extend the application envelop of the rapid prototyping technique as they can be use...

Identifying Tm-C82 isomers with density functional theory calculations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zheng Limin; He Hongqing; Yang Minghui; Zeng Qun; Yang Mingli

2010-01-01

Density functional theory calculations have been performed to study the geometrical and electronic properties of endohedral metallofullerene Tm-C 82 isomers. Three energetically favorable isomers (with C s , C 2 and C 2v symmetry, respectively) are identified which are consistent with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) observations. The simulated ultraviolet photoelectron spectra (UPS) based on the three structures agree well with the measurements. Particularly, the parent cage of the experimentally observed Tm-C 82 isomer with C s symmetry is newly assigned, which matches the experiments better than early assignments. In addition, strong interaction between an endohedral Tm atom and the C 82 cage is discussed and is thought to be responsible for the dramatic change in the relative stability of C 82 isomers when Tm is encapsulated.

Structural, morphological, and optical properties of tin(IV) oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Camellia sinensis extract: a green approach

Science.gov (United States)

Selvakumari, J. Celina; Ahila, M.; Malligavathy, M.; Padiyan, D. Pathinettam

2017-09-01

Tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were cost-effectively synthesized using nontoxic chemicals and green tea ( Camellia sinensis) extract via a green synthesis method. The structural properties of the obtained nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction, which indicated that the crystallite size was less than 20 nm. The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The morphological analysis revealed agglomerated spherical nanoparticles with sizes varying from 5 to 30 nm. The optical properties of the nanoparticles' band gap were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The band gap was found to decrease with increasing annealing temperature. The O vacancy defects were analyzed using photoluminescence spectroscopy. The increase in the crystallite size, decreasing band gap, and the increasing intensities of the UV and visible emission peaks indicated that the green-synthesized SnO2 may play future important roles in catalysis and optoelectronic devices.

Line shape and thermal Kinetics analysis of the Fe2+ -band in Brazilian Green beryl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isotani, S.; Furtado, W.; Antonini, R.; Dias, O.L.

1988-03-01

The optical absorption spectra study through isothermal treatments of the σ- and Π-polarized bands of Fe 2+ -band is reported. It was shown a linear correlation between these bands through thermal treatments. Irradiation with γ-rays from 60 Co, showed the decrease of this band. The line shape analysis and the discussions lend us to assign the Π- and σ-polarized bands to Fe 2+ ions in the structural channels with and without neighbour water molecules, respectively. The kinetics analysis through a ''bimolecular-like'' model gives untrapping parameter with Arrhenius behavior. The retrapping and recombination parameters showed a behavior proportional to T 1/2 - T 1/2 o which were explained from free electron distribution of velocities and minimum untrapped electron energy due to a potential barrier of the trap. The kinetics cut-off temperature, T 0 , agrees with the previous experimental observation. (author) [pt

Band-to-band tunneling in a carbon nanotube metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is dominated by phonon-assisted tunneling.

Science.gov (United States)

Koswatta, Siyuranga O; Lundstrom, Mark S; Nikonov, Dmitri E

2007-05-01

Band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) devices have recently gained a lot of interest due to their potential for reducing power dissipation in integrated circuits. We have performed extensive simulations for the BTBT operation of carbon nanotube metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (CNT-MOSFETs) using the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism for both ballistic and dissipative quantum transport. In comparison with recently reported experimental data (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 3518-3519), we have obtained strong evidence that BTBT in CNT-MOSFETs is dominated by optical phonon assisted inelastic transport, which can have important implications on the transistor characteristics. It is shown that, under large biasing conditions, two-phonon scattering may also become important.

Listening and Legos[TM

Science.gov (United States)

Morris, Pamela

2012-01-01

This simple exercise, performed in teams, gives students practice in listening to instructions, particularly when there are restrictions for the communication. The teams compete in a limited amount of time to build a Lego[TM] structure based on the instructions of one team member. Which team listens the best and is most successful?

Full Immersive Virtual Environment Cave[TM] in Chemistry Education

Science.gov (United States)

Limniou, M.; Roberts, D.; Papadopoulos, N.

2008-01-01

By comparing two-dimensional (2D) chemical animations designed for computer's desktop with three-dimensional (3D) chemical animations designed for the full immersive virtual reality environment CAVE[TM] we studied how virtual reality environments could raise student's interest and motivation for learning. By using the 3ds max[TM], we can visualize…

Improving the photoluminescence response of Er-Tm: Al2O3 films by Yb codoping

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiao Zhisong; Serna, R.; Afonso, C.N.; Cheng Guoan; Vickridge, I.

2007-01-01

Amorphous Al 2 O 3 films doped with Er, Tm and Yb have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition. A broadband emission in the range 1400-1700 nm with two peaks around 1540 and 1640 nm has been observed, both in the Er-Tm and Er-Tm-Yb codoped films. The Tm-related photoluminescence (PL) intensity at 1640 nm is enhanced when codoping with Yb thus suggesting the existence of multiple energy transfer processes from Yb to Er and Er to Tm. The Er-Tm-Yb codoped film exhibits a broadband emission with a full-width half-maximum of 184 nm similar to that of the film codoped with Tm and Er but having higher Tm to Er concentration ratio and higher PL lifetime values

Equation of states and phonons at high pressure of intermediate valence compound TmTe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jha, Prafulla K.; Sanyal, Sankar P.

1997-01-01

The study of equation of states and pressure dependence of the phonon frequencies of the compound TmTe have been performed by using a simple interatomic potential approach in the frame work of rigid ion model. The compressibility study confirms that below 2 GPa the valence of the Tm is 2+ while there is a valence transition from Tm 2+ to Tm 3+ above 2 GPa. The phonon frequencies of TmTe increases as pressure is increased. (author)

High power experimental studies of hybrid photonic band gap accelerator structures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

JieXi Zhang

2016-08-01

Full Text Available This paper reports the first high power tests of hybrid photonic band gap (PBG accelerator structures. Three hybrid PBG (HPBG structures were designed, built and tested at 17.14 GHz. Each structure had a triangular lattice array with 60 inner sapphire rods and 24 outer copper rods sandwiched between copper disks. The dielectric PBG band gap map allows the unique feature of overmoded operation in a TM_{02} mode, with suppression of both lower order modes, such as the TM_{11} mode, as well as higher order modes. The use of sapphire rods, which have negligible dielectric loss, required inclusion of the dielectric birefringence in the design. The three structures were designed to sequentially reduce the peak surface electric field. Simulations showed relatively high surface fields at the triple point as well as in any gaps between components in the clamped assembly. The third structure used sapphire rods with small pin extensions at each end and obtained the highest gradient of 19  MV/m, corresponding to a surface electric field of 78  MV/m, with a breakdown probability of 5×10^{-1} per pulse per meter for a 100-ns input power pulse. Operation at a gradient above 20  MV/m led to runaway breakdowns with extensive light emission and eventual damage. For all three structures, multipactor light emission was observed at gradients well below the breakdown threshold. This research indicated that multipactor triggered at the triple point limited the operational gradient of the hybrid structure.

RRI-GBT MULTI-BAND RECEIVER: MOTIVATION, DESIGN, AND DEVELOPMENT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maan, Yogesh; Deshpande, Avinash A.; Chandrashekar, Vinutha; Chennamangalam, Jayanth; Rao, K. B. Raghavendra; Somashekar, R.; Ezhilarasi, M. S.; Sujatha, S.; Kasturi, S.; Sandhya, P.; Duraichelvan, R.; Amiri, Shahram; Aswathappa, H. A.; Sarabagopalan, G.; Ananda, H. M.; Anderson, Gary; Bauserman, Jonah; Beaudet, Carla; Bloss, Marty; Barve, Indrajit V.

2013-01-01

We report the design and development of a self-contained multi-band receiver (MBR) system, intended for use with a single large aperture to facilitate sensitive and high time-resolution observations simultaneously in 10 discrete frequency bands sampling a wide spectral span (100-1500 MHz) in a nearly log-periodic fashion. The development of this system was primarily motivated by need for tomographic studies of pulsar polar emission regions. Although the system design is optimized for the primary goal, it is also suited for several other interesting astronomical investigations. The system consists of a dual-polarization multi-band feed (with discrete responses corresponding to the 10 bands pre-selected as relatively radio frequency interference free), a common wide-band radio frequency front-end, and independent back-end receiver chains for the 10 individual sub-bands. The raw voltage time sequences corresponding to 16 MHz bandwidth each for the two linear polarization channels and the 10 bands are recorded at the Nyquist rate simultaneously. We present the preliminary results from the tests and pulsar observations carried out with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope using this receiver. The system performance implied by these results and possible improvements are also briefly discussed.

RRI-GBT MULTI-BAND RECEIVER: MOTIVATION, DESIGN, AND DEVELOPMENT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maan, Yogesh; Deshpande, Avinash A.; Chandrashekar, Vinutha; Chennamangalam, Jayanth; Rao, K. B. Raghavendra; Somashekar, R.; Ezhilarasi, M. S.; Sujatha, S.; Kasturi, S.; Sandhya, P.; Duraichelvan, R.; Amiri, Shahram; Aswathappa, H. A.; Sarabagopalan, G.; Ananda, H. M. [Raman Research Institute, Bangalore (India); Anderson, Gary; Bauserman, Jonah; Beaudet, Carla; Bloss, Marty [National Radio Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box 2, Green Bank, WV (United States); Barve, Indrajit V. [Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore (India); and others

2013-01-15

We report the design and development of a self-contained multi-band receiver (MBR) system, intended for use with a single large aperture to facilitate sensitive and high time-resolution observations simultaneously in 10 discrete frequency bands sampling a wide spectral span (100-1500 MHz) in a nearly log-periodic fashion. The development of this system was primarily motivated by need for tomographic studies of pulsar polar emission regions. Although the system design is optimized for the primary goal, it is also suited for several other interesting astronomical investigations. The system consists of a dual-polarization multi-band feed (with discrete responses corresponding to the 10 bands pre-selected as relatively radio frequency interference free), a common wide-band radio frequency front-end, and independent back-end receiver chains for the 10 individual sub-bands. The raw voltage time sequences corresponding to 16 MHz bandwidth each for the two linear polarization channels and the 10 bands are recorded at the Nyquist rate simultaneously. We present the preliminary results from the tests and pulsar observations carried out with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope using this receiver. The system performance implied by these results and possible improvements are also briefly discussed.

TM-pass polarizer based on multilayer graphene polymer waveguide

Science.gov (United States)

Cai, Ke-su; Li, Yue-e.; Wei, Wen-jing; Mu, Xi-jiao; Ma, A.-ning; Wang, Zhong; Song, Dan-ming

2018-05-01

A TM-pass polarizer based on multilayer graphene polymer waveguide is proposed and theoretically analyzed. The mode properties, the extinction ratio, the insertion loss and the bandwidth are also discussed. The results show that a TM-pass polarizer, which only guides the TM mode, can be achieved by multilayer graphene polymer waveguide. With length of 150 μm, the proposed polarizer can achieve extinction ratio of 33 dB and insertion loss of 0.5 dB at optical wavelength of 1.55 μm. This device has an excellent performance, including large extinction ratio and low insertion loss within the spectral range from 1.45 μm to 1.6 μm.

Near UV-Blue Excitable Green-Emitting Nanocrystalline Oxide

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. E. Rodríguez-García

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Green-emitting Eu-activated powders were produced by a two-stage method consisting of pressure-assisted combustion synthesis and postannealing in ammonia. The as-synthesized powders exhibited a red photoluminescence (PL peak located at =616 nm when excited with =395 nm UV. This emission peak corresponds to the 5D0→7F2 transition in Eu3+. After annealing in ammonia, the PL emission changed to an intense broad-band peak centered at =500 nm, most likely produced by 4f65d1→4f7 electronic transitions in Eu2+. This green-emitting phosphor has excitation band in the near UV-blue region (=300–450 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals mainly the orthorhombic EuAlO3 and Al2O3 phases. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed that the grains are formed by faceted nanocrystals (~4 nm of polygonal shape. The excellent excitation and emission properties make these powders very promising to be used as phosphors in UV solid-state diodes coupled to activate white-emitting lamps.

Inner bremsstrahlung accompanying beta decay of 170Tm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sanjeeviah, H.; Venkataramaiah, P.; Gundu Rao, K.S.

1980-01-01

The inner bremmsstrahlung (IB) spectrum accompanying beta decay of 170 Tm was measured using magnetic deflection technique. The raw spectrum was unfolded using the procedure of Liden and Starfelt. The unfolded IB spectrum was compared with the theories of Knipp and Uhlenbeck and Bloch; Lewis and Ford. Comparison was made with Ford and Martin theory in order to estimate the contribution of detour transitions to the IB spectrum of 170 Tm. (author)

Preparation of Ho3+/Tm3+ Co-doped Lanthanum Tungsten Germanium Tellurite Glass Fiber and Its Laser Performance for 2.0 μm

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Dechun; Bai, Xuemei; Zhou, Hang

2017-03-01

Ho3+/Tm3+ co-doped 50TeO2-25GeO2-3WO3-5La2O3-3Nb2O5-5Li2O-9BaF2 glass fiber is prepared with the rod-tube drawing method of 15 μm core diameter and 125 μm inner cladding diameter applied in the 2.0 μm-infrared laser. The 2.0 μm luminescence properties of the core glass are researched and the fluorescence intensity variation for different Tm3+ doping concentration is systematically analyzed. The results show that the 2.0 μm luminescence of Ho3+ is greatly influenced by the doping concentration ratio of Ho3+ to Tm3+ and that the maximum fluorescence intensity of the core glass can be obtained and its emission cross section can reach 0.933 × 10-21 cm2 when the sensitized proportion of holmium to thulium is 0.3 to 0.7 (mol%). Simultaneously, the maximum phonon energy of the core glass sample is 753 cm-1, which is significantly lower than that of silicate, gallate and germanate glass and the smaller matrix phonon energy can be conductive to the increase 2.0 μm-band emission intensity. The continuous laser with the maximum laser output power of 0.993 W and 2051 nm -wavelength of 31.9%-slope efficiency is output within the 0.5 m glass fiber and the experiment adopts 1560 nm erbium-doped fiber laser(EDFL) as the pump source and the self-built all-fiber laser. Therefore, the glass fiber has excellent laser characteristics and it is suitable for the 2.0 μm-band laser.

Green Transformational Leadership and Green Performance: The Mediation Effects of Green Mindfulness and Green Self-Efficacy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yu-Shan Chen

2014-09-01

Full Text Available No prior literature explores the influence of green transformational leadership on green performance, thus, this study develops a novel research framework to fill the research gap. This study investigates the influence of green transformational leadership on green performance and discusses the mediation effects of green mindfulness and green self-efficacy by means of structural equation modeling (SEM. The results indicate that green transformational leadership positively influences green mindfulness, green self-efficacy, and green performance. Moreover, this study demonstrates that the positive relationship between green transformational leadership and green performance is partially mediated by the two mediators: green mindfulness and green self-efficacy. It means that green transformational leadership can not only directly affect green performance positively but also indirectly affect it positively through green mindfulness and green self-efficacy. Therefore, firms need to raise their green transformational leadership, green mindfulness, and green self-efficacy to increase their green performance.

Preparation and characterization of micro-arc-induced Pd/TM(TM = Ni, Co and Ti) catalysts and comparison of their electrocatalytic activities toward ethanol oxidation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Xiaoguang; Ma, Guanshui; Zhu, Fuchun; Lin, Naiming; Tang, Bin; Zhang, Zhonghua

2013-01-01

Using the electro-spark deposition technique, a novel kind of Pd/TM (TM = Ni, Co and Ti) electrode was successfully prepared by arc-depositing Pd on the transition metal substrates. The structure, morphology and chemical composition of the arc-deposited films were investigated using thin-film X-ray diffraction (TF-XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The results show that, a coarsening topographical morphology can be obtained, being composed of numerous craters/spots with sizes ranging from nano-scales to several microns. The electrochemical measurements indicate that the arc-deposited Pd/TM electrodes exhibit distinct electrochemical behaviors and the catalytic activity toward ethanol electro-oxidation reaction (EOR) is highly dependent upon the nature of substrate. Among the Pd/TM electrodes investigated, the arc-deposited Pd/Co reveals the best activity and superior poisoning tolerance towards ethanol oxidation and will find promising applications as a candidate for the anode catalyst of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs)

Data fusion of Landsat TM and IRS images in forest classification

Science.gov (United States)

Guangxing Wang; Markus Holopainen; Eero Lukkarinen

2000-01-01

Data fusion of Landsat TM images and Indian Remote Sensing satellite panchromatic image (IRS-1C PAN) was studied and compared to the use of TM or IRS image only. The aim was to combine the high spatial resolution of IRS-1C PAN to the high spectral resolution of Landsat TM images using a data fusion algorithm. The ground truth of the study was based on a sample of 1,020...

Does the apodized diffractive intraocular lens Acrysof ReSTOR NaturalTM interfere with FDT Matrix perimetry results? A lente difrativa apodizada Acrysof ReSTOR NaturalTM pode interferir nos resultados da perimetria por FDT Matrix?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karine Duarte Bojikian

2009-12-01

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To compare the effect of an apodized diffractive intraocular lens (IOL (Acrysof ReSTOR NaturalTM and its yellow counterpart (Natural IQ TM on frequency doubling technology (FDT perimetry results. METHODS: This study included 37 eyes from 22 patients at the "Centro Oftalmológico Tranjan" who had undergone uncomplicated phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation (17 Acrysof ReSTOR NaturalTM, 20 Natural IQ TM performed by the same surgeon, at least three months prior to the study. Patients were subject to frequency doubling technology Matrix Perimeter testing. RESULTS: The patients were between 41 to 79 years old (mean, 70.78 ± 9.83 in the Natural IQ TM and 49 to 81 years old (mean, 67.11± 11.48 in the Acrysof ReSTOR NaturalTM group, and the mean IOP was 13.64 ± 2.02 mmHg in the Natural IQ TM 12.94 ± 1.39 mmHg in the Acrysof ReSTOR NaturalTM group. The mean pupillary diameter under scotopic conditions was 6.63 ± 1.16 mm in the Natural IQ TM group and 7.20 ± 1.8 mm in the Acrysof ReSTOR NaturalTM group (p=0.20. The mean deviation was -1.83 ± 3.46 dB in the Natural IQ TM group and -1.77 ± 3.94 dB in the Acrysof ReSTOR NaturalTM group (p=0.28. The pattern standard deviation was 3.49 ± 0.79 dB in the Natural IQ TM group and 3.20 ± 0.86 dB in the Acrysof ReSTOR NaturalTM group (p=0.27. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the results of FDT Matrix perimetry in eyes that received apodized diffractive IOLs implant or eyes that received monofocal intraocular lens implant.OBJETIVO: Comparar o efeito da lente difrativa apodizada (Acrysof ReSTOR NaturalTM e da lente de mesma plataforma amarela (Natural IQ TM sobre os resultados da perimetria de dupla frequência (FDT. MÉTODOS: O estudo incluiu 37 olhos de 22 pacientes do Centro Oftalmológico Tranjan que foram submetidos a cirurgia de facoemulsificação e implante de lentes intraoculares (17 Acrysof ReSTOR NaturalTM, 20 Natural IQ TM sem complicações, realizadas pelo mesmo

Analysis of CMOS Compatible Cu-Based TM-Pass Optical Polarizer

KAUST Repository

Ng, Tien Khee

2012-02-10

A transverse-magnetic-pass (TM-pass) optical polarizer based on Cu complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology platform is proposed and analyzed using the 2-D method-of-lines numerical model. In designing the optimum configuration for the polarizer, it was found that the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) polarizer structure is superior compared to the insulator-metal-insulator polarizer structure due to its higher polarization extinction ratio (PER) and low insertion loss. An optimized MIM TM-pass polarizer exhibits simulated long wavelength pass filter characteristics of > ?1.2 ?m, with fundamental TM 0 and TE 0 mode transmissivity of >70% and <5%, respectively, and with PER ?11.5 dB in the wavelength range of 1.2-1.6 ?m. The subwavelength and submicrometer features of this TM-polarizer are potentially suitable for compact and low power photonics integrated circuit implementation on silicon-based substrates. © 1989-2012 IEEE.

Comparison of the TL intensity of the sintered composites of CaSO4+Tm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Junot, O.D.; Sousa, F.L. de; Chagas, M.A.P.; Souza, D.N.

2009-01-01

The objective of this work is to compare the thermoluminescent intensity (TL) of CaSO 4 +Tm, CaSO 4 +Tm+glass and glass+Tm composites for use as thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD). The route used to prepare the CaSO 4 +Tm and the CaSO 4 +Tm+glass was by mixing 1 g of CaSO 4 with 0.02 g of thulium oxide (99,9% purity) and 0.3 g of commercial and colorless glass. To mixing the composites were taken to a magnetic stirrer for 30 min with 10 mL of distilled water for better homogenization. The powder mixtures were dried in a stove at 100 deg C for 24 h. After drying, it was added polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to improve the binding material. The pellets were compacted by application of an uniaxial pressing and sintered at 700 deg C/ 6 h. The route used in the preparation of glass+Tm pellets was similar to one previously mentioned, except by the use of 1 g of glass and 0.02 of Tm. After the sintering, the pellets dimensions were 1 mm thick and 6 mm in diameter. All samples were irradiated by a beta source ( 90 Sr + 90 Y) and received doses from 1.00 Gy to 20 Gy. Each composite presented a characteristic emission curve. The dosimeter of CaSO 4 +Tm+glass presented two peaks, the first at 115 deg C, and the second, very intense, ate 150 deg C. The CaSO 4 +Tm dosimeter showed a less intense peak at 140 deg C and another, more intense, at 235 deg C. In the composites of glass+Tm, the most intense peak has a thermoluminescent signal 94,04% lower than the most intense peak of CaSO 4 +Tm+glass and 81.57% lower than the most intense peak of CaSO 4 +Tm. After the analysis of TL emission curves, we observed that the CaSO 4 +Tm+glass have the highest TL intensity and a TL response proportional to the dose absorbed. (author)

Cytoskeletal Tropomyosin Tm5NM1 Is Required for Normal Excitation–Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscle

OpenAIRE

Vlahovich, Nicole; Kee, Anthony J.; Van der Poel, Chris; Kettle, Emma; Hernandez-Deviez, Delia; Lucas, Christine; Lynch, Gordon S.; Parton, Robert G.; Gunning, Peter W.; Hardeman, Edna C.

2009-01-01

The functional diversity of the actin microfilaments relies in part on the actin binding protein tropomyosin (Tm). The muscle-specific Tms regulate actin-myosin interactions and hence contraction. However, there is less known about the roles of the numerous cytoskeletal isoforms. We have shown previously that a cytoskeletal Tm, Tm5NM1, defines a Z-line adjacent cytoskeleton in skeletal muscle. Recently, we identified a second cytoskeletal Tm in this region, Tm4. Here we show that Tm4 and Tm5N...

Energy transfer upconversion in Er3+-Tm3+ codoped sodium silicate glass

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Vinod; Pandey, Anurag; Ntwaeaborwa, O. M.; Swart, H. C.

2018-04-01

Er3+/Tm3+ doped and codoped Na2O-SiO2-ZnO (NSZO) glasses were prepared by the conventional melt-quenching method. The amorphous nature of the prepared glasses was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction analysis. The optical absorption spectrum displayed several peaks, which correspond to Er3+ and Tm3+ dopant ions embedded into the NSZO glass. Both dopants experienced upconversion emission under 980 nm excitation. Efficient energy transfer from Er3+ to Tm3+ was observed in the co-doped samples to enhance the near infrared emission of the Tm3+ ions.

Cytoskeletal Tropomyosin Tm5NM1 Is Required for Normal Excitation–Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscle

Science.gov (United States)

Vlahovich, Nicole; Kee, Anthony J.; Van der Poel, Chris; Kettle, Emma; Hernandez-Deviez, Delia; Lucas, Christine; Lynch, Gordon S.; Parton, Robert G.; Gunning, Peter W.

2009-01-01

The functional diversity of the actin microfilaments relies in part on the actin binding protein tropomyosin (Tm). The muscle-specific Tms regulate actin-myosin interactions and hence contraction. However, there is less known about the roles of the numerous cytoskeletal isoforms. We have shown previously that a cytoskeletal Tm, Tm5NM1, defines a Z-line adjacent cytoskeleton in skeletal muscle. Recently, we identified a second cytoskeletal Tm in this region, Tm4. Here we show that Tm4 and Tm5NM1 define separate actin filaments; the former associated with the terminal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and other tubulovesicular structures. In skeletal muscles of Tm5NM1 knockout (KO) mice, Tm4 localization was unchanged, demonstrating the specificity of the membrane association. Tm5NM1 KO muscles exhibit potentiation of T-system depolarization and decreased force rundown with repeated T-tubule depolarizations consistent with altered T-tubule function. These results indicate that a Tm5NM1-defined actin cytoskeleton is required for the normal excitation–contraction coupling in skeletal muscle. PMID:19005216

Cytoskeletal tropomyosin Tm5NM1 is required for normal excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle.

Science.gov (United States)

Vlahovich, Nicole; Kee, Anthony J; Van der Poel, Chris; Kettle, Emma; Hernandez-Deviez, Delia; Lucas, Christine; Lynch, Gordon S; Parton, Robert G; Gunning, Peter W; Hardeman, Edna C

2009-01-01

The functional diversity of the actin microfilaments relies in part on the actin binding protein tropomyosin (Tm). The muscle-specific Tms regulate actin-myosin interactions and hence contraction. However, there is less known about the roles of the numerous cytoskeletal isoforms. We have shown previously that a cytoskeletal Tm, Tm5NM1, defines a Z-line adjacent cytoskeleton in skeletal muscle. Recently, we identified a second cytoskeletal Tm in this region, Tm4. Here we show that Tm4 and Tm5NM1 define separate actin filaments; the former associated with the terminal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and other tubulovesicular structures. In skeletal muscles of Tm5NM1 knockout (KO) mice, Tm4 localization was unchanged, demonstrating the specificity of the membrane association. Tm5NM1 KO muscles exhibit potentiation of T-system depolarization and decreased force rundown with repeated T-tubule depolarizations consistent with altered T-tubule function. These results indicate that a Tm5NM1-defined actin cytoskeleton is required for the normal excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle.

Variation of morphology, karyotype and protein band pattern of adenium (Adenium obesum varieties

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

PRABANG SETYONO

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Hastuti D, Suranto, Setyono P. 2009. Variation of morphology, karyotype and protein band pattern of adenium (Adenium obesum varieties. Nusantara Bioscience 1: 78-83. The aim of this research to find out the Adenium obesum variation from six varieties, namely: obesum, cery, red lucas, red fanta , white bigben and harry potter based on morphology, karyotype, as well as protein banding pattern. The chromosome preparation was made using semi-permanent squash method from the tip of root plant; while protein banding pattern was made using SDS-PAGE method. Qualitative data included shape and color of the leave and flower described from each variety. Data were presented in morphometry and analyzed using ANOVA and then followed by DMRT with 5% of confidence levels, indicated significance difference. Protein banding pattern, the root, stem, leave and all organs were analyzed using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis method with Average Linkage (between Groups using SPSS 10.0. The result of research shows that the six A. obesum varieties have morphological character with no variation of light green to dark green leave, not hairy, smooth leave bone, meanwhile for light red to dark red flower crown color although some of them are white and the same funnel color, yellow. All varieties of A. obesum have same number of chromosome, 2n = 22 and shows the difference ranging from 2.56 to 5.13 um. In the banding pattern formed qualitatively, there is variation among the six varieties.

Walk Score(TM), Perceived Neighborhood Walkability, and walking in the US.

Science.gov (United States)

Tuckel, Peter; Milczarski, William

2015-03-01

To investigate both the Walk Score(TM) and a self-reported measure of neighborhood walkability ("Perceived Neighborhood Walkability") as estimators of transport and recreational walking among Americans. The study is based upon a survey of a nationally-representative sample of 1224 American adults. The survey gauged walking for both transport and recreation and included a self-reported measure of neighborhood walkability and each respondent's Walk Score(TM). Binary logistic and linear regression analyses were performed on the data. The Walk Score(TM) is associated with walking for transport, but not recreational walking nor total walking. Perceived Neighborhood Walkability is associated with transport, recreational and total walking. Perceived Neighborhood Walkability captures the experiential nature of walking more than the Walk Score(TM).

The role of upstream sequences in selecting the reading frame on tmRNA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dewey Jonathan D

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background tmRNA acts first as a tRNA and then as an mRNA to rescue stalled ribosomes in eubacteria. Two unanswered questions about tmRNA function remain: how does tmRNA, lacking an anticodon, bypass the decoding machinery and enter the ribosome? Secondly, how does the ribosome choose the proper codon to resume translation on tmRNA? According to the -1 triplet hypothesis, the answer to both questions lies in the unique properties of the three nucleotides upstream of the first tmRNA codon. These nucleotides assume an A-form conformation that mimics the codon-anticodon interaction, leading to recognition by the decoding center and choice of the reading frame. The -1 triplet hypothesis is important because it is the most credible model in which direct binding and recognition by the ribosome sets the reading frame on tmRNA. Results Conformational analysis predicts that 18 triplets cannot form the correct structure to function as the -1 triplet of tmRNA. We tested the tmRNA activity of all possible -1 triplet mutants using a genetic assay in Escherichia coli. While many mutants displayed reduced activity, our findings do not match the predictions of this model. Additional mutagenesis identified sequences further upstream that are required for tmRNA function. An immunoblot assay for translation of the tmRNA tag revealed that certain mutations in U85, A86, and the -1 triplet sequence result in improper selection of the first codon and translation in the wrong frame (-1 or +1 in vivo. Conclusion Our findings disprove the -1 triplet hypothesis. The -1 triplet is not required for accommodation of tmRNA into the ribosome, although it plays a minor role in frame selection. Our results strongly disfavor direct ribosomal recognition of the upstream sequence, instead supporting a model in which the binding of a separate ligand to A86 is primarily responsible for frame selection.

An Improved Physics-Based Model for Topographic Correction of Landsat TM Images

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ainong Li

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Optical remotely sensed images in mountainous areas are subject to radiometric distortions induced by topographic effects, which need to be corrected before quantitative applications. Based on Li model and Sandmeier model, this paper proposed an improved physics-based model for the topographic correction of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM images. The model employed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI thresholds to approximately divide land targets into eleven groups, due to NDVI’s lower sensitivity to topography and its significant role in indicating land cover type. Within each group of terrestrial targets, corresponding MODIS BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function products were used to account for land surface’s BRDF effect, and topographic effects are corrected without Lambertian assumption. The methodology was tested with two TM scenes of severely rugged mountain areas acquired under different sun elevation angles. Results demonstrated that reflectance of sun-averted slopes was evidently enhanced, and the overall quality of images was improved with topographic effect being effectively suppressed. Correlation coefficients between Near Infra-Red band reflectance and illumination condition reduced almost to zero, and coefficients of variance also showed some reduction. By comparison with the other two physics-based models (Sandmeier model and Li model, the proposed model showed favorable results on two tested Landsat scenes. With the almost half-century accumulation of Landsat data and the successive launch and operation of Landsat 8, the improved model in this paper can be potentially helpful for the topographic correction of Landsat and Landsat-like data.

Thermal stability and glass-forming ability of amorphous Nd-Al-TM (TM=Fe, Co, Ni or Cu) alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inoue, A.; Zhang Tao

1997-01-01

Bulk amorphous alloys were prepared for Nd 70 Al 10 TM 20 and Nd 60 Al 10 TM 30 (TM=Fe or Co) alloys by copper mold casting. The maximum sample thickness for glass formation reaches 15 mm for the Nd-Al-Fe alloys and 5 mm for the Nd-Al-Co alloys. A significant difference in the phase transition upon heating is recognized between the Fe- and Co-containing alloys. No glass transition before crystallization is observed for the Nd-Al-Fe alloys, but the Nd-Al-Co alloys exhibit the glass transition. The ΔT x (=T x -T g ) and T g /T m are 40-55 K and 0.65-0.67, respectively, for the latter alloys. The absence of supercooled liquid for the former alloys is different from those for all bulk amorphous alloys reported up to date. The T x /T m and ΔT m (=T m -T x ) are 0.85-0.89 and 88-137 K, respectively, for the Nd-Al-Fe alloys and, hence, the large glass-forming ability is presumably due to the high T x /T m and small ΔT m values. (orig.)

Energy band structure of Cr by the Slater-Koster interpolation scheme

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seifu, D.; Mikusik, P.

1986-04-01

The matrix elements of the Hamiltonian between nine localized wave-functions in tight-binding formalism are derived. The symmetry adapted wave-functions and the secular equations are formed by the group theory method for high symmetry points in the Brillouin zone. A set of interaction integrals is chosen on physical ground and fitted via the Slater-Koster interpolation scheme to the abinito band structure of chromium calculated by the Green function method. Then the energy band structure of chromium is interpolated and extrapolated in the Brillouin zone. (author)

Construction of covalently coupled, concatameric dimers of 7TM receptors

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Terpager, Marie; Scholl, D Jason; Kubale, Valentina

2009-01-01

-Ala repeats flanked by flexible spacers and positively charged residues to ensure correct inside-out orientation plus an extracellular HA-tag to construct covalently coupled dimers of 7TM receptors. Such 15 TM concatameric homo- and heterodimers of the beta(2)-adrenergic and the NK(1) receptors, which...... for either of the protomers, which was not observed upon simple coexpression of the two receptors. It is concluded that covalently joined 7TM receptor dimers with surprisingly normal receptor properties can be constructed with use of an artificial transmembrane connector, which perhaps can be used to fuse...

Integrated Cu-based TM-pass polarizer using CMOS technology platform

KAUST Repository

Ng, Tien Khee

2010-01-01

A transverse-magnetic-pass (TM-pass) copper (Cu) polarizer is proposed and analyzed using the previously published two-dimensional Method-of-Lines beam-propagation model. The proposed polarizer exhibits a simulated high-pass filter characteristics, with TM0 and TE0 mode transmissivity of >70% and <5%, respectively, in the wavelength regime of 1.2-1.6 μm. The polarization extinction ratio (PER) given by 10 log10 (PTM0)/(PTE0) is +11.5 dB across the high-pass wavelength regime. To the best of the authors\\' knowledge, we report here the smallest footprint CMOS-platform compatible TM-polarizer.

Powernext Day-AheadTM products and market organization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2004-06-01

The introduction of a power exchange in France is a direct response to the opening up of the European electricity markets. Powernext SA is a Multilateral Trading Facility in charge of managing the French power exchange through an optional and anonymous organised exchange offering: - Day-ahead contracts for the management of volume risk on Powernext Day-Ahead TM since 21 November 2001, - Medium term contracts for the management of price risk on Powernext Futures TM since 18 June 2004. This document presents the principle of the trading of hourly contracts on Powernext Day-Ahead TM , the accessibility of the market, the SAPRI trading platform operated by Nord Pool, the Scandinavian power exchange, the validation of the auction results, the collaboration with LCH.Clearnet SA to secure and facilitate the transactions, and the delivery guarantee implemented by RTE (the French energy transport network). (J.S.)

ALDUO(TM) Algae Cultivation Technology for Delivering Sustainable Omega-3s, Feed, and Fuel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bai, Xuemei [Cellana LLC

2012-09-24

* ALDUO(TM) Algae Production Technology Cellana?s Proprietary, Photosynthetic, & Proven * ALDUO(TM) Enables Economic Algae Production Unencumbered by Contamination by Balancing Higher-Cost PBRs with Lower-Cost Open Ponds * ALDUO(TM) Advantages * ALDUO(TM) Today o Large collection of strains for high value co-products o Powerful Mid-scale Screening & Optimization System o Solution to a Conflicting Interest o Split Pond Yield Enhancement o Heterotrophy & mixotrophy as a "finishing step" o CO2 Mitigation-flue Gas Operation o Worldwide Feed Trials with Livestock & Aquatic Species * ALDUO(TM) Technology Summarized

Enhancement of blue upconversion luminescence in hexagonal NaYF{sub 4}:Yb,Tm by using K and Sc ions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kale, Vishal, E-mail: vishal.kale@utu.fi; Soukka, Tero [University of Turku, Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry/Biotechnology (Finland); Hoelsae, Jorma; Lastusaari, Mika [University of Turku, Department of Chemistry (Finland)

2013-08-15

Hexagonal ({beta})-NaYF{sub 4} is recognized as one of the most efficient hosts for NIR to blue and green upconversion (UC). A new method to tune the blue UC emission in {beta}-NaYF{sub 4}:Yb,Tm nanocrystals through the possible substitution of the host material with different concentrations of K{sup +} and Sc{sup 3+} ions was investigated in detail. In this work, Na{sub 1-x}K{sub x}YF{sub 4}:Yb,Tm and NaY{sub 1-x}Sc{sub x}F{sub 4}:Yb,Tm nanocrystals were synthesized with varying Na:K and Y:Sc ratios. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and UC luminescence spectroscopy showed that size, morphology, and UC luminescence intensity were affected by the addition of K{sup +} and Sc{sup 3+} ions. Substituted ions disturbed the local symmetry and also resulted in changes in the crystal field. The distance between Yb{sup 3+} and Tm{sup 3+} was affected by different concentration of K{sup +} and Sc{sup 3+} ions, and those differences in the distance are responsible for tuning UC luminescence. This study revealed that when the concentration of K{sup +} and Sc{sup 3+} ions were nominally increased from 20 to 100 mol% during synthesis, hexagonal NaYF{sub 4} changed to structurally different KYF{sub 4} and Na{sub 3}ScF{sub 6} so that the solid solubility became difficult. We also demonstrate that the added K{sup +} does not enter into the NaYF{sub 4} lattice, but it still plays an important role by controlling the Na/R ratio. K{sup +} and Sc{sup 3+} ion concentration of 20 mol% during the synthesis was found to result in materials with size 30-35 nm, and shows ca. four times brighter UC emission than the previously reported lanthanide based nanocrystals. The enhancement in UC luminescence intensity makes upconversion nanophosphors versatile imaging tools for diagnosis.Graphical Abstract.

[Study of serum thrombomodulin(TM) levels in patients with hyper- or hypo- thyroidism].

Science.gov (United States)

Soma, M; Maeda, Y; Matsuura, R; Sasaki, I; Kasakura, S; Saeki, Y; Ikekubo, K; Ishihara, T; Kurahachi, H; Sasaki, S; Tagami, T; Nakao, K

1997-01-01

We studies a relationship between the serum levels of thrombomodulin(TM) and the thyroid functions. Serum TM levels were measured in 48 patients with Graves' disease, 17 patients with primary hypothyroidism, 7 patients with subacute thyroiditis, 5 patients with painless thyroiditis and 2 patients with systematic Refetoff syndrome. These patients did not have malignant tumor, kidney failure, or blood vessel injury. Control sera were obtained from 42 healthy subjects. Serum levels of TM in patients with untreated Graves' disease were significantly higher(p thyroid function(FT3, FT4 and TH) in patients with Graves' disease during treatment showed that both the serum levels of TM and thyroid hormones (FT3 and FT4) lowered progressively during treatment. After normalization of serum FT3 and FT4, the serum TM levels returned to normal. However, the serum levels of TM in patients with destructive thyroiditis and Refetoff syndrome were normal in spite of high serum levels of thyroid hormones. These data suggest that an increase in serum levels of TM is not the direct result of thyroid hormones themselves but is the result of the prolonged hypermetabolic state induced by their peripheral activities. Thyroid hormones may stimulate the synthesis or metabolism of TM on the surface of vascular endothelial cells in the patients with Graves' disease.

El GreenSeeker TM y el diagnóstico del estado de salud de los cultivos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco V. Guti\\u00E9rrez-Soto

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es proveer los conocimientos básicos y los principios técnicos necesarios para el uso correcto del GreenSeeker' en aplicaciones agrícolas como la fertilización nitrogenada, la dosifi cación del riego, el mapeo de los campos agrícolas y la agricultura de precisión. Se describe el instrumento y las bases físicas y fi siológicas que respaldan su uso en la agricultura, además de las propiedades radiativas de las superfi cies vegetales, y la refl exión de la luz en cultivos sanos y vigorosos comparados con plantas estresadas. Se discuten las posibles aplicaciones del GreenSeeker en el diagnóstico y la corrección de diversos tipos de estrés y otros "desórdenes" experimentados por los cultivos en el campo, en tiempo real, y acorde con la heterogeneidad espacial siempre presente de los agroecosistemas tropicales. Se incluyen las limitaciones de la tecnología disponible actualmente y las perspectivas para su uso en otros cultivos tropicales, además del arroz y el maíz.

Veritex(TM) Patches for Structural Repair and Re-Use, Phase I

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Cornerstone Research Group, Inc. (CRG) proposes to develop a bonded composite patch repair and re-use system based on CRG's VeritexTM materials. VeritexTM is a...

2-micron lasing in Tm:Lu2O3 ceramic: initial operation

Science.gov (United States)

Vetrovec, John; Filgas, David M.; Smith, Carey A.; Copeland, Drew A.; Litt, Amardeep S.; Briscoe, Eldridge; Schirmer, Ernestina

2018-03-01

We report on initial lasing of Tm:Lu2O3 ceramic laser with tunable output in the vicinity of 2 μm. Tm:Lu2O3 ceramic gain materials offer a much lower saturation fluence than the traditionally used Tm:YLF and Tm:YAG materials. The gain element is pumped by 796 nm diodes via a "2-for-1" crossrelaxation energy transfer mechanism, which enables high efficiency. The high thermal conductivity of the Lu2O3 host ( 18% higher than YAG) in combination with low quantum defect of 20% supports operation at high-average power. Konoshima's ceramic fabrication process overcomes the scalability limits of single crystal sesquioxides. Tm:Lu2O3 offers wide-bandwidth amplification of ultrashort pulses in a chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) system. A laser oscillator was continuously tuned over a 230 nm range from 1890 to 2120 nm while delivering up to 43W QCW output with up to 37% efficiency. This device is intended for initial testing and later seeding of a multi-pass edge-pumped disk amplifier now being developed by Aqwest which uses composite Tm:Lu2O3 disk gain elements.

Powernext futuresTM statistics 31st, July 2004

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2004-07-01

The introduction of a power exchange in France is a direct response to the opening up of the European electricity markets. Powernext SA is a Multilateral Trading Facility in charge of managing an optional and anonymous organised exchange offering: - Day-ahead contracts for the management of volume risk on Powernext Day-Ahead TM since 21 November 2001, - Medium term contracts for the management of price risk on Powernext Futures TM since 18 June 2004. This document presents in a series of tables and graphics the July 31, 2004 update of Powernext Futures TM statistics: year, quarter and month contracts for July 2004, base-load and peak-load contracts overview from June 2004 to July 2004 (daily volume in lots, open interest by delivery year in MWh, daily settlement price of the upcoming delivery period, base-load and peak-load price spreads), and market liquidity from mid-June to end of July 2004 (average bid ask spread and availability). (J.S.)

Electromagnetic cloaking devices for TE and TM polarizations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bilotti, Filiberto; Tricarico, Simone; Vegni, Lucio

2008-01-01

In this paper, we present the design of an electromagnetic cloaking device working for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations. The theoretical approach to cloaking used here is inspired by the one presented by Alu and Engheta (2005 Phys. Rev. E 72 016623) for TM polarization. The case of TE polarization is firstly considered and, then, an actual inclusion-based cloak for TE polarization is also designed. In such a case, the cloak is made of a mu-near-zero (MNZ) metamaterial, as the dual counterpart of the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) material that can be used for purely dielectric objects. The operation and the robustness of the cloaking device for the TE polarization is deeply investigated through a complete set of full-wave numerical simulations. Finally, the design and an application of a cloak operating for both TE and TM polarizations employing both magnetic inclusions and the parallel plate medium already used by Silveirinha et al (Phys. Rev. E 75 036603) are presented.

Identification of central Kenyan Rift Valley Fever virus vector habitats with Landsat TM and evaluation of their flooding status with airborne imaging radar

Science.gov (United States)

Pope, K. O.; Sheffner, E. J.; Linthicum, K. J.; Bailey, C. L.; Logan, T. M.; Kasischke, E. S.; Birney, K.; Njogu, A. R.; Roberts, C. R.

1992-01-01

Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne virus that affects livestock and humans in Africa. Landsat TM data are shown to be effective in identifying dambos, intermittently flooded areas that are potential mosquite breeding sites, in an area north of Nairobi, Kenya. Positive results were obtained from a limited test of flood detection in dambos with airborne high resolution L, C, and X band multipolarization SAR imagery. L and C bands were effective in detecting flooded dambos, but LHH was by far the best channel for discrimination between flooded and nonflooded sites in both sedge and short-grass environments. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a combined passive and active remote sensing program for monitoring the location and condition of RVF vector habitats, thus making future control of the disease more promising.

Influence of Tm-doping on microstructure and luminescence behavior of barium strontium titanate thick films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Jingyang; Zhang Tianjin; Pan Ruikun; Ma Zhijun; Wang Jinzhao

2012-01-01

Tm-doped Ba 0.8 Sr 0.2 TiO 3 thick films were prepared by the screen-printing technique on the alumina substrate. The microstructure of the Tm-doped BST thick films was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. All the samples showed a typical perovskite polycrystalline structure when sintered at 1260 °C. The substitution behavior of Tm 3+ ion in BST was found to change with increasing the Tm 3+ concentration. The observed Tm-related red emission reaches the maximum at 0.2 mol% Tm 3+ concentration. The effects of concentration quenching on the luminescence intensity were discussed.

Spectroscopy and microchip laser operation of Tm, Ho:KYW crystals with different Ho concentrations

Science.gov (United States)

Gusakova, N. V.; Kurilchik, S. V.; Yasukevich, A. S.; Kisel, V. E.; Dashkevich, V. I.; Orlovich, V. A.; Pavlyuk, A. A.; Vatnik, S. M.; Bagaev, S. N.; Kuleshov, N. V.

2018-02-01

The spectroscopic properties of Tm, Ho:KYW crystals with different Ho concentrations were investigated. The diode-pumped microchip laser operation of Tm (5 at.%), Ho (0.5 at.%):KYW and Tm (5 at.%), Ho (1 at.%):KYW was demonstrated. The highest, to our knowledge, output power of 480 mW with slope efficiency of 31% for CW Tm (5 at.%), Ho (0.5 at.%):KYW microchip laser was obtained.

DC Stark addressing for quantum memory in Tm:YAG

Science.gov (United States)

Gerasimov, Konstantin; Minnegaliev, Mansur; Urmancheev, Ravil; Moiseev, Sergey

2017-10-01

We observed a linear DC Stark effect for 3H6 - 3H4 optical transition of Tm3+ ions in Y3Al5O12. We observed that application of electric field pulse suppresses the two-pulse photon echo signal. If we then apply a second electric pulse of opposite polarity the echo signal is restored again, which indicates the linear nature of the observed effect. The effect is present despite the D2 symmetry of the Tm3+ sites that prohibits a linear Stark effect. Experimental data analysis shows that the observed electric field influence can be attributed to defects that break the local crystal field symmetry near Tm3+ ions. Using this effect we demonstrate selective retrieval of light pulses in two-pulse photon echo.

Direct and Indirect Electron Emission from the Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore

Science.gov (United States)

Toker, Y.; Rahbek, D. B.; Klærke, B.; Bochenkova, A. V.; Andersen, L. H.

2012-09-01

Photoelectron spectra of the deprotonated green fluorescent protein chromophore have been measured in the gas phase at several wavelengths within and beyond the S0-S1 photoabsorption band of the molecule. The vertical detachment energy (VDE) was determined to be 2.68±0.1eV. The data show that the first electronically excited state is bound in the Franck-Condon region, and that electron emission proceeds through an indirect (resonant) electron-emission channel within the corresponding absorption band.

Counting Tm dopant atoms around GaN dots using high-angle annular dark field images

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rouvière, J-L; Okuno, H; Jouneau, P H; Bayle-Guillemaud, P; Daudin, B

2011-01-01

High resolution Z-contrast STEM imaging is used to study the Tm doping of GaN quantum dots grown in AlN by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). High-angle annular dark field (HAADF) imaging allows us to visualize directly individual Tm atoms in the AlN matrix and even to count the number of Tm atoms in a given AlN atomic column. A new visibility coefficient to determine quantitatively the number of Tm atoms in a given atomic column is introduced. It is based on locally integrated intensities rather than on peak intensities of HAADF images. STEM image simulations shows that this new visibility is less sensitive to the defocus-induced blurring or to the position of the Tm atom within the thin lamella. Most of the Tm atoms diffuse out of GaN dots. Tm atoms are found at different positions in the AlN matrix, (i) Above the wetting layer, Tm atoms are spread within a thickness of 14 AlN monolayers (MLs). (ii) Above the quantum dots all the Tm are located in the same plane situated at 2-3 MLs above the apex of the GaN dot, i.e. at a distance of 14 MLs from the wetting layer, (iii) In addition, Tm can diffuse very far from the GaN dot by following threading dislocations lines.

Magnon band structure and magnon density in one-dimensional magnonic crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qiu, Rong-ke; Huang, Te; Zhang, Zhi-dong

2014-01-01

By using Callen's Green's function method and the Tyablikov and Anderson–Callen decoupling approximations, we systematically study the magnon band structure and magnon density perpendicular to the superlattice plane of one-dimensional magnonic crystals, with a superlattice consisting of two magnetic layers with ferromagnetic (FM) or antiferromagnetic (AFM) interlayer exchange coupling. The effects of temperature, interlayer coupling, anisotropy and external magnetic field on the magnon-energy band and magnon density in the K x -direction are investigated in three situations: a) the magnon band of magnetic superlattices with FM interlayer coupling, b) separate and c) overlapping magnon bands of magnetic superlattices with AFM interlayer coupling. In the present work, a quantum approach is developed to study the magnon band structure and magnon density of magnonic crystals and the results are beneficial for the design of magnonic-crystal waveguides or gigahertz-range spin-wave filters. - Highlights: • A quantum approach has been developed to study the magnon band of magnonic crystals. • The separate and overlapping magnon bands of magnetic superlattices are investigated. • The results are beneficial for the design of gigahertz-range spin-wave filters

Magnon band structure and magnon density in one-dimensional magnonic crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qiu, Rong-ke, E-mail: rkqiu@163.com [Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870 (China); Huang, Te [Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870 (China); Zhang, Zhi-dong [Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 (China)

2014-11-15

By using Callen's Green's function method and the Tyablikov and Anderson–Callen decoupling approximations, we systematically study the magnon band structure and magnon density perpendicular to the superlattice plane of one-dimensional magnonic crystals, with a superlattice consisting of two magnetic layers with ferromagnetic (FM) or antiferromagnetic (AFM) interlayer exchange coupling. The effects of temperature, interlayer coupling, anisotropy and external magnetic field on the magnon-energy band and magnon density in the K{sub x}-direction are investigated in three situations: a) the magnon band of magnetic superlattices with FM interlayer coupling, b) separate and c) overlapping magnon bands of magnetic superlattices with AFM interlayer coupling. In the present work, a quantum approach is developed to study the magnon band structure and magnon density of magnonic crystals and the results are beneficial for the design of magnonic-crystal waveguides or gigahertz-range spin-wave filters. - Highlights: • A quantum approach has been developed to study the magnon band of magnonic crystals. • The separate and overlapping magnon bands of magnetic superlattices are investigated. • The results are beneficial for the design of gigahertz-range spin-wave filters.

Comparison of ATTILA{sup TM} and MCNP{sup TM} for fusion applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Loughlin, M. [UKAEA Fusion, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX (United Kingdom); Wareing, T.; Barnett, A.; Failla, G.; McGhee, J. [Transpire Inc., Gig Harbor WA (United States)

2005-07-01

This paper describes comparison of the results of neutron transport calculations using two very different codes. ATTILA{sup TM} is a discrete ordinates radiation transport code which models complex 3-D geometries using arbitrary tetrahedra. MCNP{sup TM} is a Monte-Carlo radiation transport code which models the geometry using a combinatorial representation. This code is more widely known within the fusion community where it has been extensively used. In contrast, this is the first reporting of the use of ATTILA for fusion applications. The purpose of the work described herein was to compare calculations by each code of the neutron spectra at points around a greatly simplified representation of a typical fusion experiment. Spectra, in twenty-seven energy groups, were calculated at five locations which are typical of fusion neutronics problems; these are i) within the torus wall, ii) opposite a port, iii) near the torus hall floor, iv) at a straight penetration through the torus hall roof, and v) at the exit of a labyrinth through the wall. A solution was obtained from ATTILA in one 24 hour run on a single processor. An MCNP run of a similar duration was required on 18 parallel processors. Excellent agreement was obtained at all locations with only some minor disparities at thermal neutron energies. (authors)

Spectroscopic analysis of LiTmF4

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, H.P.

1979-01-01

The absorption spectra of Tm3+ in LiTmF4 have been measured at 2, 10, 30, and 50 K in the spectral interval 4000-25 000 cm-1. The energy levels of the ground-state configuration were calculated by diagonalizing the Hamiltonian of the electron-electron interaction, the spin-orbit coupling......+, and Er3+ in LiLnF4, and they follow a common trend. The intensities of the transitions from the ground state were calculated in the Judd-Ofelt scheme, fitting six complex intensity parameters A(kqλ) for best agreement with the experimentally observed intensities. The model was only able to give a rough...

The T.M. Calorimeter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mas, P.; Goer, J. de

1970-01-01

The T.M. calorimeter is the isothermal type. It consists only of a sample of graphite and a jacket of stainless steel filled with nitrogen. The chromel-alumel thermocouples which measure the temperature difference between the sample and the jacket also serve to suspend the sample. The jacket is kept at a constant temperature: i.e. that of the water in the swimming pool

The effect of the gate electrode on the C-V- characteristics of the structure M-TmF3-SiO2-Si

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Basily, R.R.

1979-09-01

The C-V characteristics of the structure M-TmF 3 -SiO 2 -Si, thermally treated at a temperature of 300 0 C for 15 minutes, were investigated. At higher temperatures to about 150 0 C, the hysteresis of the C-V characteristics is completely absent, whereas at room temperature hysteresis depends on the applied voltage and on the material of the gate electrode. The dependence of the flat band voltage shift on the applied voltage, the thickness of SiO 2 layer and the material of the gate electrode were measured. (author)

Efficient 2-μm Tm:YAP Q-switched and CW lasers

Science.gov (United States)

Hays, A. D.; Cole, Brian; King, Vernon; Goldberg, Lew

2018-02-01

Highly efficient, diode pumped Tm:YAP lasers generating emission in the 1.85-1.94 μm range are demonstrated and characterized. Laser optical efficiencies of 51% and 45%, and electrical efficiencies of 31% and 25% are achieved under CW and Q-switched operation, respectively. Laser performance was characterized for maximum average powers up to 20W with various cavity configurations, all using an intra-cavity lens to compensate for thermal lensing in the Tm:YAP crystal. Q-switched lasers incorportating a Cr:ZnS saturable absorber (SA), resonant mechanical mirror scanner, or acousto-optic modulator were characterized. To enable higher average output powers, measurements of the thermal lens were conducted for the Tm:YAP crystal as a function of pump power and were compared to values predicted by a finiteelement- analysis (FEA) thermal-optical model of the Tm:YAP crystal. A resonator model is developed to incorporate this calculated thermal lens and its effect on laser performance. This paper will address approaches for improving the performance of Tm:YAP lasers, and means for achieving increased average output powers while maintaining high optical efficiency for both SA and mechanical Q-switching.

A time-series analysis of flood disaster around Lena river using Landsat TM/ETM+

Science.gov (United States)

Sakai, Toru; Hatta, Shigemi; Okumura, Makoto; Takeuchi, Wataru; Hiyama, Tetsuya; Inoue, Gen

2010-05-01

Landsat satellite has provided a continuous record of earth observation since 1972, gradually improving sensors (i.e. MSS, TM and ETM+). Already processed archives of Landsat image are now available free of charge from the internet. The Landsat image of 30 m spatial resolution with multiple spectral bands between 450 and 2350 nm is appropriate for detailed mapping of natural resource at wide geographical areas. However, one of the biggest concerns in the use of Landsat image is the uncertainty in the timing of acquisitions. Although detection of land cover change usually requires acquisitions before and after the change, the Landsat image is often unavailable because of the long-term intervals (16 days) and variation in atmosphere. Nearly cloud-free image is acquired at least once per year (total of 22 or 23 scenes per year). Therefore, it may be difficult to acquire appropriate images for monitoring natural disturbances caused at short-term intervals (e.g., flood, forest fire and hurricanes). Our objectives are: (1) to examine whether a time-series of Landsat image is available for monitoring a flood disaster, and (2) to evaluate the impact and timing of the flood disaster around Lena river in Siberia. A set of Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite images was used to enable acquisition of cloud-free image, although Landsat ETM+ images include failure of the Scan Line Corrector (SLC) from May 2003. The overlap area of a time series of 20 Landsat TM/ETM+ images (path 120-122, row 17) from April 2007 to August 2007 was clipped (approximately 33 km × 90 km), and the other area was excluded from the analyses. Image classification was performed on each image separately using an unsupervised ISODATA method, and each Landsat TM/ETM+ image was classified into three land cover types: (1) ice, (2) water, and (3) land. From three land cover types, the area of Lena river was estimated. The area of Lena river dramatically changed after spring breakup. The middle part of Lena river around

Comparison of hyperspectral transformation accuracies of multispectral Landsat TM, ETM+, OLI and EO-1 ALI images for detecting minerals in a geothermal prospect area

Science.gov (United States)

Hoang, Nguyen Tien; Koike, Katsuaki

2018-03-01

Hyperspectral remote sensing generally provides more detailed spectral information and greater accuracy than multispectral remote sensing for identification of surface materials. However, there have been no hyperspectral imagers that cover the entire Earth surface. This lack points to a need for producing pseudo-hyperspectral imagery by hyperspectral transformation from multispectral images. We have recently developed such a method, a Pseudo-Hyperspectral Image Transformation Algorithm (PHITA), which transforms Landsat 7 ETM+ images into pseudo-EO-1 Hyperion images using multiple linear regression models of ETM+ and Hyperion band reflectance data. This study extends the PHITA to transform TM, OLI, and EO-1 ALI sensor images into pseudo-Hyperion images. By choosing a part of the Fish Lake Valley geothermal prospect area in the western United States for study, the pseudo-Hyperion images produced from the TM, ETM+, OLI, and ALI images by PHITA were confirmed to be applicable to mineral mapping. Using a reference map as the truth, three main minerals (muscovite and chlorite mixture, opal, and calcite) were identified with high overall accuracies from the pseudo-images (> 95% and > 42% for excluding and including unclassified pixels, respectively). The highest accuracy was obtained from the ALI image, followed by ETM+, TM, and OLI images in descending order. The TM, OLI, and ALI images can be alternatives to ETM+ imagery for the hyperspectral transformation that aids the production of pseudo-Hyperion images for areas without high-quality ETM+ images because of scan line corrector failure, and for long-term global monitoring of land surfaces.

Health technology assessment demonstrates efficient health promotion bu Transcendental Meditation (TM)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Torben

2002-01-01

-actualisation; (3) Independence of stimulantia including tobacco and alcohol; (4) Cardiologic health. RESULTS: This health promotion is explained by a cybernetic model based on 'The Limbic System'. A sample of records collected by the Internet shows significant compliance between the self-reports of TM......-practitioners and controls without specific health promotion. The TM-group has a relative high level of education. TM is organized as a private, standardised dissemination of the original, Indoeuropean mantrameditation. This standardisation creates economies-of-scale 1) using local instructors with a short education, 2...

High quality TmIG films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy grown by sputtering

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, C. N.; Tseng, C. C.; Yeh, S. L.; Lin, K. Y.; Cheng, C. K.; Fanchiang, Y. T.; Hong, M.; Kwo, J.

Ferrimagnetic thulium iron garnet (TmIG) films grown on gadolinium gallium garnet substrates recently showed stress-induced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), attractive for realization of quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) of topological insulator (TI) films via the proximity effect. Moreover, current induced magnetization switching of Pt/TmIG has been demonstrated for the development of room temperature (RT) spintronic devices. In this work, high quality TmIG films (about 25nm) were grown by sputtering at RT followed by post-annealing. We showed that the film composition is tunable by varying the growth parameters. The XRD results showed excellent crystallinity of stoichiometric TmIG films with an out-of-plane lattice constant of 1.2322nm, a narrow film rocking curve of 0.017 degree, and a film roughness of 0.2 nm. The stoichiometric films exhibited PMA and the saturation magnetization at RT was 109 emu/cm3 (RT bulk value 110 emu/cm3) with a coercive field of 2.7 Oe. In contrast, TmIG films of Fe deficiency showed in-plane magnetic anisotropy. The high quality sputtered TmIG films will be applied to heterostructures with TIs or metals with strong spin-orbit coupling for novel spintronics.

ACR-1000TM Project - Licensing Opportunities and Challenges

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Popov, N.; Doerffer, S.; Ion, R.; Hopwood, J.

2011-01-01

Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) has developed the Advanced CANDU Reactor TM 1 1000 (ACR-1000 TM ) as an evolutionary advancement of the current CANDU 6 reactor. The ACR-1000 design has evolved from AECL's in-depth knowledge of CANDU TM systems, components, and materials, as well as the experience and feedback received from owners and operators of CANDU plants. The ACR design retains the proven strengths and features of CANDU reactors, while incorporating innovations and state-of-the-art technology. It also features major improvements in economics, inherent safety characteristics, and performance, while retaining the proven benefits of the CANDU family of nuclear power plants. To ensure that the ACR design is compliant with Canadian and international requirements, regulatory pre-project reviews of the ACR-1000 (and ACR-700 TM 1 with lower output) were conducted early in the design work. The regulatory feedback from these pre-project regulatory reviews helped AECL to better understand regulatory expectations in Canada, US and the UK, and to make further advancements and improvements in the ACR design to meet the Canadian and international regulatory requirements. This paper provides an overview of the key design features of the ACR-1000 reactor design, and summary of the pre-project reviews by those above-mentioned regulatory bodies, demonstrating opportunities and challenges in licensing process of and pointing to the importance of efficient vendor-regulator interaction. (author)

A Review of Green Supply Chain Management

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Maditati, Dhanavanth Reddy; Munim, Ziaul Haque; Schramm, Hans-Joachim

2017-01-01

Purpose: Recently, green supply chain management (GSCM) has received great attention in SCM domain. This paper reviews the research progress in GSCM over time, and proposes a holistic view by identifying associations of GSCM drivers, practice indicators and performance measures. Design /methodology...... that Journal of Cleaner Production has the highest number of published articles while Journal of Operations Management leads in terms of yearly local citations per article in the GSCM field. Using HistCiteTM software, evolution of GSCM research since the early 2000s was mapped, and six research sub...... the debate and hence identify future avenues in the on-going research. Practical implications: Managers and policy makers should not just focus on single actions but perceive GSCM as a comprehensive package, in order to achieve better value, as myopic actions results may lead to negative associations between...

Preparation and photoluminescence properties of Tm{sup 3+}-doped ZrO{sub 2} nanotube arrays

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Mingli [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130 (China); Zhao, Jianling, E-mail: hebutzhaoj@126.com [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130 (China); Xu, Rongqing [Tianjin Zhonghuan Advanced Material & Technology Co., LTD, Tianjin 300384 (China); Fu, Ning [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130 (China); Wang, Xixin, E-mail: xixinwang@126.com [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130 (China)

2016-07-25

Tm{sup 3+}-doped ZrO{sub 2} nanotube arrays were prepared by anodization of a Zr–Tm alloy (3 at.% Tm) obtained by a powder metallurgical method. The morphologies, structures, elemental valence, and photoluminescence properties were characterized by using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and photoluminescence analyser, respectively. Results show that preparing conditions and annealing temperatures have significant effects on the crystalline structure and photoluminescence performance. The sample TmZNT-Org prepared in formamide + glycerol organic solution is mainly monoclinic phase and the sample TmZNT-Aq prepared in aqueous solution is mainly tetragonal phase. The sample TmZNT-Org had the strongest photoluminescence peak when annealed at 800 °C, whereas both TmZNT-Aq samples annealed at 600 °C and 800 °C had the strongest photoluminescence peak. The monoclinic phase was conductive to the emission at 454 nm while the tetragonal phase was conductive to the emission at 460 nm. - Highlights: • Tm{sup 3+}-doped ZrO{sub 2} nanotube arrays were prepared by anodization of a Zr-Tm alloy. • Crystal structure had remarkable effects on the photoluminescence properties. • The monoclinic phase was conductive to the emission at 454 nm. • The tetragonal phase was conductive to the emission at 460 nm.

Green Transformational Leadership and Green Performance: The Mediation Effects of Green Mindfulness and Green Self-Efficacy

OpenAIRE

Yu-Shan Chen; Ching-Hsun Chang; Yu-Hsien Lin

2014-01-01

No prior literature explores the influence of green transformational leadership on green performance, thus, this study develops a novel research framework to fill the research gap. This study investigates the influence of green transformational leadership on green performance and discusses the mediation effects of green mindfulness and green self-efficacy by means of structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicate that green transformational leadership positively influences green min...

Assembly Bow Characteristics of the HIPER16TM Fuel Design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeon, Sang-Youn; Kwon, O-Cheol; Ha, Dong-Geun; Kim, Jae-Ik

2015-01-01

The out-of-pile tests were performed either in air or in a hydraulic loop and at room temperature or operating temperature conditions. The test results include the required physical and thermal-hydraulic data needed to verify the HIPER16 TM fuel design. The mechanical integrity and safety of HIPER16 TM fuel design has been verified based on the final verification tests and evaluations. The visual examinations and dimensional measurements were performed on the LTAs using poolside examination equipment. The in-reactor verification test results showed that the HIPER16 TM fuel design met the irradiation related design requirement. The poolside examinations after 3rd irradiation cycle of LTA will be performed in the end of 2015.

Electrodynamic characterisitcs measurements of higher order modes in S-band cavity

Science.gov (United States)

Donetsky, R.; Lalayan, M.; Sobenin, N. P.; Orlov, A.; Bulygin, A.

2017-12-01

The 800 MHz superconducting cavities with grooved beam pipes were suggested as one of the harmonic cavities design options for High Luminosity LHC project. Cavity simulations were carried out and scaled aluminium prototype having operational mode frequency of 2400 MHz was manufactured for testing the results of simulations. The experimental measurements of transverse shunt impedance with error estimation for higher order modes TM 110 and TE 111 for S-band elliptical cavity were done. The experiments using dielectric and metallic spherical beads and with ring probe were carried out. The Q-factor measurements for two-cell structure and array of two cells were carried out.

The Ecological Controls on the Prevalence of Candidate Division TM7 in Polar Regions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tristrom eWinsley

2014-07-01

Full Text Available The candidate division TM7 is ubiquitous and yet uncultured phylum of the Bacteria that encompasses a commonly environmental associated clade, TM7-1, and a ‘host-associated’ clade, TM7-3. However, as members of the TM7 phylum have not been cultured, little is known about what differs between these two clades. We hypothesized that these clades would have different environmental niches. To test this, we used a large-scale global soil dataset, encompassing 223 soil samples, their environmental parameters and associated bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence data. We correlated chemical, physical and biological parameters of each soil with the relative abundance of the two major classes of the phylum to deduce factors that influence the groups’ seemingly ubiquitous nature. The two classes of the phylum (TM7-1 and TM7-3 were indeed distinct from each other in their habitat requirements. A key determinant of each class’ prevalence appears to be the pH of the soil. The class TM7-1 displays a facultative anaerobic nature with correlations to more acidic soils with total iron, silicon, titanium and copper indicating a potential for siderophore production. However, the TM7-3 class shows a more classical oligotrophic, heterotroph nature with a preference for more alkaline soils, and a probable pathogenic role with correlations to extractable iron, sodium and phosphate. In addition, the TM7-3 was abundant in diesel contaminated soils highlighting a resilient nature along with a possible carbon source. In addition to this both classes had unique co-occurrence relationships with other bacterial phyla. In particular, both groups had opposing correlations to the Gemmatimonadetes phylum, with the TM7-3 class seemingly being outcompeted by this phylum to result in a negative correlation. These ecological controls allow the characteristics of a TM7 phylum preferred niche to be defined and give insight into possible avenues for cultivation of this previously

Electrochemistry of thulium on inert electrodes and electrochemical formation of a Tm-Al alloy from molten chlorides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Castrillejo, Y.; Fernandez, P.; Bermejo, M.R.; Barrado, E.; Martinez, A.M.

2009-01-01

The electrochemical behaviour of TmCl 3 solutions was studied in the eutectic LiCl-KCl in the temperature range 673-823 K using inert and reactive electrodes, i.e. W and Al, respectively. On an inert electrode, Tm(III) ions are reduced to metallic thulium through two consecutive steps: Tm(III) + 1e ↔ Tm(II) and Tm(II) + 2e ↔ Tm(0) The electroreduction of Tm(III) to Tm(II) was found to be quasi-reversible. The intrinsic rate constant of charge transfer, k 0 , as well as of the charge transfer coefficient, α, have been calculated by simulation of the cyclic voltammograms and logarithmic analysis of the convoluted curves. Electrocrystallization of thulium plays an important role in the electrodeposition process, being the nucleation mode affected by temperature. The diffusion coefficients of Tm(III) and Tm(II) ions have been found to be equal. The validity of the Arrhenius law was verified by plotting the variation of the logarithm of the diffusion coefficients vs. 1/T. The electrode reactions of Tm(III) solutions at an Al electrode were also investigated. The results showed that for the extraction of thulium from molten chlorides, the use of a reactive electrode made of aluminium leading to Al-Tm alloys seems to be a pertinent route. Potentiometric titrations of Tm(III) solutions with oxide donors, using a ytria stabilized zirconia electrode 'YSZE' as a pO 2- indicator electrode, have shown the formation of thulium oxychloride and thulium oxide and their corresponding solubility products have been determined at 723 K (pk s (TmOCl) = 8.0 ± 0.3 pk s (Tm 2 O 3 ) = 18.8 ± 0.7).

TM4SF1 Promotes Gemcitabine Resistance of Pancreatic Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jia Cao

Full Text Available TM4SF1 is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC and affects the development of this cancer. Also, multidrug resistance (MDR is generally associated with tumor chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. However, the correlation between TM4SF1 and MDR remains unknown. This research aims to investigate the effect of TM4SF1 on gemcitabine resistance in PDAC and explore the possible molecular mechanism between TM4SF1 and MDR.The expression of TM4SF1 was evaluated in pancreatic cancer cell lines and human pancreatic duct epithelial (HPDE cell lines by quantitative RT-PCR. TM4SF1 siRNA transfection was carried out using Hiperfect transfection reagent to knock down TM4SF1. The transcripts were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR, RT-PCR and western blotting for further study. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were obtained to investigate the sensitivity to gemcitabine of pancreatic cancer cells after silencing TM4SF1 in vitro. We demonstrated that cell signaling of TM4SF1 mediated chemoresistance in cancer cells by assessing the expression of multidrug resistance (MDR genes using quantitative RT-PCR. In vivo, we used orthotopic pancreatic tumor models to investigate the effect of proliferation after silencing TM4SF1 by a lentivirus-mediated shRNA in MIA PaCa-2 cell lines.The mRNA expression of TM4SF1 was higher in seven pancreatic cancer cell lines than in HPDE cell lines. In three gemcitabine-sensitive cell lines (L3.6pl, BxPC-3, SU86.86, the expression of TM4SF1 was lower than that in four gemcitabine-resistant cell lines (MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, Hs766T, AsPC-1. We evaluated that TM4SF1 was a putative target for gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells. Using AsPC-1, MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1, we investigated that TM4SF1 silencing affected cell proliferation and increased the percentages of cell apoptosis mediated by treatment with gemcitabine compared with cells which were treated with negative control. This resistance was associated

Electronic band structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grosso, G.

1986-01-01

The aim of this chapter is to present, in detail, some theoretical methods used to calculate electronic band structures in crystals. The basic strategies employed to attack the problem of electronic-structure calculations are presented. Successive sections present the basic formulations of the tight-binding, orthogonalized-plane-wave, Green'sfunction, and pseudopotential methods with a discussion of their application to perfect solids. Exemplifications in the case of a few selected problems provide further insight by the author into the physical aspects of the different methods and are a guide to the use of their mathematical techniques. A discussion is offered of completely a priori Hartree-Fock calculations and attempts to extend them. Special aspects of the different methods are also discussed in light of recently published related work

Functional properties of Virus-Encoded and Virus-Regulated 7TM Receptors

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Spiess, Katja; Rosenkilde, Mette Marie

2014-01-01

During co-evolution with their hosts, viruses have developed several survival strategies that involve exploitation of 7TM receptors. These include virus-encoded 7TM receptors and ligands and viral regulation of endogenous receptors. Many functional properties have been ascribed to virus-exploited...

Tunable all-angle negative refraction and photonic band gaps in two-dimensional plasma photonic crystals with square-like Archimedean lattices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Hai-Feng; Liu, Shao-Bin; Jiang, Yu-Chi

2014-01-01

In this paper, the tunable all-angle negative refraction and photonic band gaps (PBGs) in two types of two-dimensional (2D) plasma photonic crystals (PPCs) composed of homogeneous plasma and dielectric (GaAs) with square-like Archimedean lattices (ladybug and bathroom lattices) for TM wave are theoretically investigated based on a modified plane wave expansion method. The type-1 structure is dielectric rods immersed in the plasma background, and the complementary structure is named as type-2 PPCs. Theoretical simulations demonstrate that the both types of PPCs with square-like Archimedean lattices have some advantages in obtaining the higher cut-off frequency, the larger PBGs, more number of PBGs, and the relative bandwidths compared to the conventional square lattices as the filling factor or radius of inserted rods is same. The influences of plasma frequency and radius of inserted rod on the properties of PBGs for both types of PPCs also are discussed in detail. The calculated results show that PBGs can be manipulated by the parameters as mentioned above. The possibilities of all-angle negative refraction in such two types of PPCs at low bands also are discussed. Our calculations reveal that the all-angle negative phenomena can be observed in the first two TM bands, and the frequency range of all-angle negative refraction can be tuned by changing plasma frequency. Those properties can be used to design the optical switching and sensor

GREEN PACKAGING, GREEN PRODUCT, GREEN ADVERTISING, PERSEPSI, DAN MINAT BELI KONSUMEN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Imam Santoso

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Environmental problems become one of the strategic issues in achieving global competitiveness. One of the issues is products that are made from environmental friendly materials or known as green product. Furthermore, in green products marketing, the company also uses green packaging and green advertising concept. This study aimed to analyze the effect of green packaging, green products, and green advertising on consumer perception and purchasing intention. The study was conducted in Ketawanggede Village, Lowokwaru Sub-district, Malang City. The sampling method used nonprobability accidential sampling techniques. The numbers of respondents were 113 consumers in study site. Data were collected by interview using questionnaires. The method of analysis used Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA. The analysis showed that the green packaging, green products, and green advertising had positive significant influence on consumer perceptions. Meanwhile, green product and consumer perception had positive significant influence on purchasing interest, but the green packaging and green advertising has not found sufficient evidence in influencing purchasing intention.

First principles study of structural, electronic, magnetic and elastic properties of Mg{sub 0.75}TM{sub 0.25}S (TM=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gous, M.H., E-mail: gousph@hotmail.fr; Meddour, A., E-mail: a_meddour@yahoo.fr; Bourouis, Ch., E-mail: bourouisse_ch@yahoo.fr

2017-01-15

The objective of this work is to predict the structural, electronic, magnetic and elastic properties of Mg{sub 1−x}TM{sub x}S (TM=Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) compound in the zinc blende Ferromagnetic phase using first principal approach. The structural and elastic properties are performed using the generalized gradient approximation proposed by Wu and Cohen(WC-GGA). However, the electronic and magnetic properties have been performed using modified Becke-Johnson potential combined with the LDA correlation (mBJLDA). The results show that all compounds Mg{sub 1−x}Mn{sub x}S, Mg{sub 1−x}Fe{sub x}S and Mg{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}S exhibit a half-metallic ferromagnetic character with 100% spin-polarization at the Fermi level, except Mg{sub 1−x}Co{sub x}S is a metal. For each compounds study here, the total magnetic momentum is an integer equal to magnetic moments of TM atom in their free space charge value. Due to the p–d hybridization, there is a small local magnetic moment on the Mg and S sites; whereas, the local magnetic moments of TM atom reduce from their free space charge value. In addition, we investigate the mechanical behavior of MgS and Mg{sub 1−x}TM{sub x}S; all compounds studied here are mechanically stable and exhibit a strong anisotropic behavior. - Highlights: • Our results could be a prediction for coming works. • According to our results of electronic properties: Mg{sub 0.75}Co{sub 0.25}S is metal. Mg{sub 0.75}Mn{sub 0.25}S, Mg{sub 0.75}Fe{sub 0.25}S and Mg{sub 0.75}Ni{sub 0.25}S exhibit half-metallic ferromagnetic behavior with 100% spin polarization at Fermi level. • We found that MgS and Mg{sub 0.75}TM{sub 0.25}S (TM=Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) compounds are mechanically stable, ductile materials and have an anisotropic Young's Modulus. • It is likely that these materials have a high Curie temperature.

Does the use of Nintendo Wii SportsTM improve arm function? Trial of WiiTM in Stroke: a randomized controlled trial and economics analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Adie, Katja; Schofield, Christine; Berrow, Margie; Wingham, Jennifer; Humfryes, John; Pritchard, Colin; James, Martin; Allison, Rhoda

2017-02-01

The Trial of Wii™ in Stroke investigated the efficacy of using the Nintendo Wii Sports™ (Wii TM ) to improve affected arm function after stroke. Multicentre, pragmatic, parallel group, randomized controlled trial. Home-based rehabilitation. A total of 240 participants aged 24-90 years with arm weakness following a stroke within the previous six months. Participants were randomly assigned to exercise daily for six weeks using the Wii TM or arm exercises at home. Primary outcome was change in the affected arm function at six weeks follow-up using the Action Research Arm Test. Secondary outcomes included occupational performance, quality of life, arm function at six months and a cost effectiveness analysis. The study was completed by 209 participants (87.1%). There was no significant difference in the primary outcome of affected arm function at six weeks follow-up (mean difference -1.7, 95% CI -3.9 to 0.5, p = 0.12) and no significant difference in secondary outcomes, including occupational performance, quality of life or arm function at six months, between the two groups. No serious adverse events related to the study treatment were reported. The cost effectiveness analysis showed that the Wii TM was more expensive than arm exercises £1106 (SD 1656) vs. £730 (SD 829) (probability 0.866). The trial showed that the Wii TM was not superior to arm exercises in home-based rehabilitation for stroke survivors with arm weakness. The Wii TM was well tolerated but more expensive than arm exercises.

Growth and optical properties of Tm:GdVO4 single crystal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Urata, Y.; Akagawa, K.; Wada, S.; Tashiro, H.; Fukuda, T.

1999-01-01

Thulium-doped gadolinium vanadate (Tm:GdVO 4 ) single crystal has been successfully grown by a modified Czochralski (CZ) technique. Effective distribution coefficient of Tm was determined to be 0.74. Absorption characterization was performed in the 800 nm region and the maximum absorption peak was found at 799 nm for π polarization. Fluorescence spectra for tuning at the maximum absorption were obtained around 1.8-2.0 μm region with 100 nm bandwidth. This suggests that a Tm:GdVO 4 crystal is expected as a new promising LD pumped solid-state laser in the 2 μm region. (orig.)

Yb3+ sensitized Tm3+ upconversion in tellurite lead oxide glass.

Science.gov (United States)

Mohanty, Deepak Kumar; Rai, Vineet Kumar; Dwivedi, Y

2012-04-01

Triply ionized thulium/thulium--ytterbium doped/codoped TeO2-Pb3O4 (TPO) glasses have been fabricated by classical quenching method. The upconversion emission spectra in the Tm3+/Tm3+-Yb3+ doped/codoped glasses upon excitation with a diode laser lasing at ∼980 nm has been studied. Effect of the addition of the Yb3+ on the upconversion emission intensity in the visible and near infrared regions of the Tm3+ doped in TPO glass has been studied and the processes involved explored. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Scintillation properties of Nd{sup 3+}, Tm{sup 3+}, and Er{sup 3+} doped LuF{sub 3} scintillators in the vacuum ultra violet region

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yanagida, Takayuki, E-mail: yanagida@imr.tohoku.ac.jp [New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579 (Japan); Kawaguchi, Noriaki [Tokuyama Corporation Ltd., Shibuya 3-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8383 Japan (Japan); Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577 (Japan); Fukuda, Kentaro [Tokuyama Corporation Ltd., Shibuya 3-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8383 Japan (Japan); Kurosawa, Shunsuke; Fujimoto, Yutaka; Futami, Yoshisuke; Yokota, Yuui [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577 (Japan); Taniue, Kojiro [Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502 (Japan); Sekiya, Hiroyuki [Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Hida, 506-1205 (Japan); Kubo, Hidetoshi [Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502 (Japan); Yoshikawa, Akira [New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579 (Japan); Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577 (Japan); Tanimori, Toru [Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502 (Japan)

2011-12-11

In order to develop novel vacuum ultra violet (VUV) emitting scintillators, we grew Nd 0.5%, Tm 0.5%, and Er 0.5% doped LuF{sub 3} scintillators by the {mu}-pulling down method, because LuF{sub 3} has a very wide band gap and Nd{sup 3+}, Tm{sup 3+}, and Er{sup 3+} luminescence centers show fast and intense 5d-4f emission in VUV region. Transmittance and X-ray induced radioluminescence were studied in these three samples using our original spectrometer made by Bunkou-Keiki company. In the VUV region, transmittance of 20-60% was achieved for all the samples. The emission peaks appeared at approximately 180, 165, and 164 nm for Nd{sup 3+}, Tm{sup 3+}, and Er{sup 3+} doped LuF{sub 3}, respectively. Using PMT R8778 (Hamamatsu), we measured their light yields under {sup 241}Am {alpha}-ray excitation. Compared with Nd:LaF{sub 3} scintillator, which has 33 photoelectrons/5.5 MeV {alpha}, Nd:LuF{sub 3} and Tm:LuF{sub 3} showed 900{+-}90 and 170{+-}20 ph/5.5 MeV-{alpha}, respectively. Only for the Nd doped one, we can detect {sup 137}Cs 662 keV {gamma}-ray photoabsorption peak and the light yield of 1200{+-}120 ph/MeV was measured. We also investigated their decay time profiles by picosecond pulse X-ray equipped streak camera, and the main decay component of Nd:LuF{sub 3} turned out to be 7.63 ns.

Monitoring the turbidity and surface temperature changes and effects of the 17 August 1999 earthquake in the Izmit Gulf, Turkey by the Landsat TM/ETM data.

Science.gov (United States)

Tüfekçi, Kenan; Akman, A Unal

2005-09-01

The temporal turbidity and surface temperature changes and effects of the 17 August 1999 earthquake in the Izmit Gulf, Turkey have been investigated using Landsat TM/ETM data. The gulf is in the Mediterranean-Black Sea transition climatic zone and is partially surrounded by green vegetation cover and degraded and densely urbanized-industrialized areas. Landsat TM/ETM data acquired in 1990-1999 confirms increase in turbidity. Turbidity is always low in the southern part and high in the northern part of the gulf, because the more urbanized and industrialized areas are located in the northern part. The Landsat-7 ETM data acquired in the same year (1999) shows seasonal changes in turbidity. Moreover, the two high turbidity and surface temperature anomalies, one of which is parallel to the 17 August 1999 earthquake surface rupture (east-west) and the other which is in the northwest-southeast direction were mapped from Landsat-5 TM data acquired the day (18.08.1999) following the earthquake in the east end of the gulf. On the basis of turbidity implying the sea bottom movement, it is possible to state that a second rupture in the northwest and southeast direction could have occurred at the sea bottom during the earthquake. The distribution of the seismicity centers and the orientation of the lineaments in the area support this finding.

NIR upconversion emission of Tm{sup 3+} doped glassceramics for solar cells applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodríguez-Mendoza, U.R., E-mail: urguez@ull.edu.es [Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain); Instituto Universitario de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain); Lahoz, F. [Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain); Instituto Universitario de Estudios Avanzados en Atómica, Molecular y Fotónica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain)

2016-11-15

The Tm{sup 3+} 800 nm upconversion emission corresponding to the {sup 3}H{sub 4}→{sup 3}H{sub 6} transition has been obtained upon infrared sub-Si bandgap excitation at 1210 nm in Tm{sup 3+} doped transparent glasses and glass ceramics with composition SiO{sub 2}–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}–CdF{sub 2}–PbF{sub 2}–YF{sub 3}. Possible energy transfer mechanisms have been carefully studied through different experimental measurements such as the excitation spectrum, decay rate of the emission and laser pump power versus integrated emission. The results suggest that energy transfer upconversion (ETU) mechanism is responsible for the emission. It is based on the following process: Tm{sup 3+}({sup 3}F{sub 4})+Tm{sup 3+}({sup 3}F{sub 4})→Tm{sup 3+}({sup 3}H{sub 6})+Tm{sup 3+}({sup 3}H{sub 4}). The upconverted emission is about three times more intense in the glass ceramic samples than in the precursor glasses. This emission can be used to enhance the performances in crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells.

Increased light-use efficiency in northern terrestrial ecosystems indicated by CO ₂ and greening observations: INCREASE IN NH LIGHT USE EFFICIENCY

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thomas, Rebecca T. [Science and Solutions for a Changing Planet DTP, Imperial College London, London UK; AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London UK; Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London UK; Prentice, Iain Colin [AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London UK; Grantham Institute: Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, London UK; Graven, Heather [Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London UK; Grantham Institute: Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, London UK; Ciais, Philippe [Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l' Environnement, Saint-Aubin France; Fisher, Joshua B. [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena California USA; Hayes, Daniel J. [School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono Maine USA; Huang, Maoyi [Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland Washington USA; Huntzinger, Deborah N. [School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff Arizona USA; Ito, Akihiko [Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba Japan; Jain, Atul [Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois USA; Mao, Jiafu [Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge Tennessee USA; Michalak, Anna M. [Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford California USA; Peng, Shushi [Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing China; Poulter, Benjamin [Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman Montana USA; Ricciuto, Daniel M. [Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge Tennessee USA; Shi, Xiaoying [Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge Tennessee USA; Schwalm, Christopher [Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth Massachusetts USA; Tian, Hanqin [International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn Alabama USA; Zeng, Ning [Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park Maryland USA

2016-11-04

Observations show an increasing amplitude in the seasonal cycle of CO2 (ASC) north of 45°N of 56 ± 9.8% over the last 50 years and an increase in vegetation greenness of 7.5–15% in high northern latitudes since the 1980s. However, the causes of these changes remain uncertain. Historical simulations from terrestrial biosphere models in the Multiscale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project are compared to the ASC and greenness observations, using the TM3 atmospheric transport model to translate surface fluxes into CO2 concentrations. We find that the modeled change in ASC is too small but the mean greening trend is generally captured. Modeled increases in greenness are primarily driven by warming, whereas ASC changes are primarily driven by increasing CO2. We suggest that increases in ecosystem-scale light use efficiency (LUE) have contributed to the observed ASC increase but are underestimated by current models. We highlight potential mechanisms that could increase modeled LUE.

Measurements of higher order modes in a 30 cm long X-band structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiao, L.; Liang, Y.; Tong, D.; Zhang, H.

2001-01-01

The use of a cage of metallic wires as a bead is proposed to measure the higher order modes (HOMs) in an X-band accelerating structure. These long thin wires can isolate the longitudinal electric field component from other field components and produce sufficient frequency shift in bead-pull measurements. In the setup described in this paper, the bead is made by sputtering silver film onto a thin nylon line through a specially designed fixture. The cage has a size of approximately 0.5 mm in diameter, 2 mm in length and more than six metallic wires of less than 0.1 mm in width. The fabrication and calibration of the cage are described. The longitudinal electric fields of the lowest passband dipole mode TM 110 in a 30 cm long X-band structure are measured by bead-pull measurements. Results are compared with the calculated ones obtained from URMELT-code

Studies on the method of producing radiographic 170Tm source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maeda, Sho

1976-08-01

A method of producing radiographic 170 Tm source has been studied, including target preparation, neutron irradiation, handling of the irradiated target in the hot cell and source capsules. On the basis of the results, practical 170 Tm radiographic sources (29 -- 49Ci, with pellets 3mm in diameter and 3mm long) were produced in trial by neutron irradiation with the JMTR. (auth.)

Response of TLD-100"T"M microtubes to two RQR3 quality radiation beams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nunes, M.G.; Villani, D.; Almeida, S.B.; Vivolo, V.; Yoriyaz, H.; Louis, G.M.J.

2016-01-01

The present work compares the response of TLD-100"T"M microcubes to two RQR 3 diagnostic radiology reference quality radiation beams, defined by IEC-61267 norm, aiming to evaluate the detectability of TLD-100"T"M energy dependence reported in literature within the same reference quality radiation range. TLD-100"T"M microcubes reproducibility is assessed through the response of a second set of TLD-100"T"M microcubes, evaluated in a second thermoluminescence reader, to the RQR 3 diagnostic radiology reference quality radiation beam implemented at the Laboratorio de Calibracao de Instrumentos of IPEN, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. The dependence of TLD-100"T"M microcubes TL response was not detectable in these conditions and the reproducibility of the measurements is 90,2%. (author)

Systemic GLIPR1-ΔTM protein as a novel therapeutic approach for prostate cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Karantanos, Theodoros; Tanimoto, Ryuta; Edamura, Kohei; Hirayama, Takahiro; Yang, Guang; Golstov, Alexei A; Wang, Jianxiang; Kurosaka, Shinji; Park, Sanghee; Thompson, Timothy C

2014-04-15

GLIPR1 is a p53 target gene known to be downregulated in prostate cancer, and increased endogenous GLIPR1 expression has been associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species, increased apoptosis, decreased c-Myc protein levels and increased cell cycle arrest. Recently, we found that upregulation of GLIPR1 in prostate cancer cells increases mitotic catastrophe through interaction with heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) and downregulation of Aurora kinase A and TPX2. In this study, we evaluated the mechanisms of recombinant GLIPR1 protein (glioma pathogenesis-related protein 1-transmembrane domain deleted [GLIPR1-ΔTM]) uptake by prostate cancer cells and the efficacy of systemic GLIPR1-ΔTM administration in a prostate cancer xenograft mouse model. GLIPR1-ΔTM was selectively internalized by prostate cancer cells, leading to increased apoptosis through reactive oxygen species production and to decreased c-Myc protein levels. Interestingly, GLIPR1-ΔTM was internalized through clathrin-mediated endocytosis in association with Hsc70. Systemic administration of GLIPR1-ΔTM significantly inhibited VCaP xenograft growth. GLIPR1-ΔTM showed no evidence of toxicity following elimination from mouse models 8 hr after injection. Our results demonstrate that GLIPR1-ΔTM is selectively endocytosed by prostate cancer cells, leading to increased reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis, and that systemic GLIPR1-ΔTM significantly inhibits growth of VCaP xenografts without substantial toxicity. © 2013 UICC.

Avaliação da transmissão de dados de temperatura no sistema 1-wireTM Evaluation of the temperature data transmission in the 1-wireTM system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio J. Steidle Neto

2005-04-01

Full Text Available A necessidade de sistemas de monitoramento automático versáteis e de baixo custo que possam auxiliar o produtor agrícola na otimização dos processos produtivos, é evidente. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de pesquisar as limitações e as potencialidades de aplicação do sistema 1-wireTM na transmissão de dados de temperatura em instalações agrícolas. O sistema 1-wireTM é uma rede de transmissão de dados que possibilita a comunicação digital entre um computador e dispositivos da série 1-wireTM, tais como os sensores de temperatura DS1820. A transmissão de dados de temperatura nesse sistema foi avaliada em função do tipo dos condutores e do número de sensores DS1820. Com base nos resultados, concluiu-se que o aumento do número de sensores de temperatura DS1820 no sistema 1-wireTM incrementa a carga capacitiva de maneira distinta para cada um dos tipos de condutores estudados, podendo causar interrupções na transmissão de dados.The need of versatile and low cost automatic monitoring systems for the optimization of the agricultural productive processes is evident. This work was carried out to evaluate the limitations and potentialities of the 1-wireTM system for temperature data transmission in agricultural buildings. The 1-wireTM system is a data transmission network, which makes possible the digital communication between a computer and devices of the 1-wireTM series, such as the temperature DS1820 sensors. The temperature data transmission in this system was evaluated as a function of types of conductors and the number of DS1820 sensors. Based on the results, it was concluded that, by increasing the number of the DS1820 temperature sensors in the 1-wireTM system, the capacitive load increases in a different way for each conductor and can cause interruptions during temperature data transmission.

GREEN PACKAGING, GREEN PRODUCT, GREEN ADVERTISING, PERSEPSI, DAN MINAT BELI KONSUMEN

OpenAIRE

Imam Santoso; Rengganis Fitriani

2016-01-01

Environmental problems become one of the strategic issues in achieving global competitiveness. One of the issues is products that are made from environmental friendly materials or known as green product. Furthermore, in green products marketing, the company also uses green packaging and green advertising concept. This study aimed to analyze the effect of green packaging, green products, and green advertising on consumer perception and purchasing intention. The study was conducted in Ketawangg...

Coevolution and hierarchical interactions of Tomato mosaic virus and the resistance gene Tm-1.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kazuhiro Ishibashi

Full Text Available During antagonistic coevolution between viruses and their hosts, viruses have a major advantage by evolving more rapidly. Nevertheless, viruses and their hosts coexist and have coevolved, although the processes remain largely unknown. We previously identified Tm-1 that confers resistance to Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV, and revealed that it encodes a protein that binds ToMV replication proteins and inhibits RNA replication. Tm-1 was introgressed from a wild tomato species Solanum habrochaites into the cultivated tomato species Solanum lycopersicum. In this study, we analyzed Tm-1 alleles in S. habrochaites. Although most part of this gene was under purifying selection, a cluster of nonsynonymous substitutions in a small region important for inhibitory activity was identified, suggesting that the region is under positive selection. We then examined the resistance of S. habrochaites plants to ToMV. Approximately 60% of 149 individuals from 24 accessions were resistant to ToMV, while the others accumulated detectable levels of coat protein after inoculation. Unexpectedly, many S. habrochaites plants were observed in which even multiplication of the Tm-1-resistance-breaking ToMV mutant LT1 was inhibited. An amino acid change in the positively selected region of the Tm-1 protein was responsible for the inhibition of LT1 multiplication. This amino acid change allowed Tm-1 to bind LT1 replication proteins without losing the ability to bind replication proteins of wild-type ToMV. The antiviral spectra and biochemical properties suggest that Tm-1 has evolved by changing the strengths of its inhibitory activity rather than diversifying the recognition spectra. In the LT1-resistant S. habrochaites plants inoculated with LT1, mutant viruses emerged whose multiplication was not inhibited by the Tm-1 allele that confers resistance to LT1. However, the resistance-breaking mutants were less competitive than the parental strains in the absence of Tm-1. Based on

High temperature phase transition of Tm2Ti2O7

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shlyakhtina, A.V.; Shcherbakova, L.G.; Knot'ko, A.V.; Larina, L.L.; Borichev, S.A.

2004-01-01

A high temperature phase transition type order-disorder is investigated in Tm 2 Ti 2 O 7 at t>1600 Deg C. It is shown that this transformation is irreversible. Ion conductivity of synthesized at 1670 Deg C nanocrystalline Tm 2 Ti 2 O 7 constitutes 2x10 -3 S/cm at 740 Deg C and remains constant after heat treatment at 860 Deg C for 240 h in the air. It is revealed that the conductivity of specimens (grain size of 20-30 nm) on the basis of Tm 2 Ti 2 O 7 high temperature modification with a structure of disordered pyrochlore is independent of grain size [ru

Anomalies of magnetoresistance of compounds with atomic clusters RB12 (R = Ho, Er, Tm, Lu)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sluchanko, N. E.; Bogach, A. V.; Glushkov, V. V.; Demishev, S. V.; Samarin, N. A.; Sluchanko, D. N.; Dukhnenko, A. V.; Levchenko, A. V.

2009-01-01

The magnetoresistance and magnetization of single-crystal samples of rare-earth dodecaborides RB 12 (R = Ho, Er, Tm, Lu) have been measured at low temperatures (1.8-35 K) in a magnetic field of up to 70 kOe. The effect of positive magnetoresistance that obeys the Kohler's rule Δρ/ρ = f(ρ(0, 300 K)H/ρ(0, T)) is observed for the nonmagnetic metal LuB 12 . In the magnetic dodecaborides HoB 12 , ErB 12 , and TmB 12 , three characteristic regimes of the magnetoresistance behavior have been revealed: the positive magnetoresistance effect similar to the case of LuB 12 is observed at T > 25 K; in the range T N ≤ T ≤ 15 K, the magnetoresistance becomes negative and depends quadratically on the external magnetic field; and, finally, upon the transition to the antiferromagnetic phase (T N ), the positive magnetoresistance is again observed and its amplitude reaches 150% for HoB 12 . It has been shown that the observed anomalies of negative magnetoresistance in the paramagnetic phase can be explained within the Yosida model of conduction electron scattering by localized magnetic moments. The performed analysis confirms the formation of spin-polaron states in the 5d band in the vicinity of rare-earth ions in paramagnetic and magnetically ordered phases of RB 12 and makes it possible to reveal a number of specific features in the transformation of the magnetic structure of the compounds under investigation

Determination of dosimetric characteristics of OptiSeedTM a plastic brachytherapy 103Pd source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Zhonglu; Hertel, Nolan E.

2005-01-01

A new 103 Pd plastic brachytherapy source, OptiSeed TM Model 1032P, is being introduced by International Brachytherapy sa (IBt). Measurements of the dose distributions about the source were performed using LiF thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100) in Virtual Water TM . MCNP5 calculations were performed to determine the dose distributions in Virtual Water TM and liquid water. The source dose rate constant, radial dose function, anisotropy function and anisotropy factor have been determined following the updated AAPM TG-43 recommendations. The measured dose rate constant in the Virtual Water TM phantom was determined to be 0.727±6.9% cGy h -1 U -1 , and the computed value is 0.716±2.1% cGy h -1 U -1 . The Monte-Carlo simulation yielded a dose rate constant of 0.665±2.1% cGy h -1 U -1 in water. The measured dose rate constant in water is 0.675±7.5% cGy h -1 U -1 . It is determined by multiplying the dose rate constant measured in the Virtual Water TM phantom with the ratio of the value calculated in water to that in Virtual Water TM . The average of the measured and calculated dose rate constant is 0.670±5.5% cGy h -1 U -1 . The radial dose functions of the new source were measured for distances ranging from 1 to 7 cm in a Virtual Water TM phantom. The anisotropy functions in Virtual Water TM phantom were measured for distances of 2, 3, 5, and 7 cm. The Monte-Carlo computed radial dose functions, anisotropy functions, and anisotropy factors in both Virtual Water TM phantom and water are reported

Kevlar^TM Fiber-Reinforced Polybenzoxazine Alloys for Ballistic Impact Application

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chanchira Jubsilp

2011-10-01

Full Text Available A light weight ballistic composites from Kevlar^TM-reinforcing fiber having polybenzoxazine (BA/urethane prepolymer (PU alloys as a matrix were investigated in this work. The effect of alloy compositions on the ballistic composite properties was determined. The results revealed that the enhancement in the glass transition temperature (Tg of the Kevlar^TM-reinforced BA/PU composites compared to that of the Kevlar^TM-reinforced polybenzoxazine composite was observed. The increase of the elastomeric PU content in the BA/PU alloy resulted in samples with tougher characteristics. The storage modulus of the Kevlar^TM-reinforced BA/PU composites increased with increasing the mass fraction of polybenzoxazine. A ballistic impact test was also performed on the Kevlar^TM-reinforced BA/PU composites using a 9 mm handgun. It was found that the optimal contents of PU in the BA/PU alloys should be approximately 20wt%. The extent of the delaminated area and interfacial fracture were observed to change with the varied compositions of the matrix alloys. The appropriate thickness of Kevlar^TM-reinforced 80/20 BA/PU composite panel was 30 plies and 50 plies to resist the penetration from the ballistic impact equivalent to levels II-A and III-A of NIJ standard. The arrangement of composite panels with the higher stiffness panel at the front side also showed the best efficiency of ballistic penetration resistance.

Luminescence properties of Yb:Nd:Tm:KY3F10 nanophosphor and thermal treatment effects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gomes, Laércio; Linhares, Horácio Marconi da Silva M.D.; Ichikawa, Rodrigo Uchida; Martinez, Luis Gallego; Ranieri, Izilda Marcia

2015-01-01

In this work, we present the spectroscopic properties of KY 3 F 10 (KY3F) nanocrystals activated with thulium and codoped with ytterbium and neodymium ions. The most important processes that lead to the thulium upconversion emissions in the blue region were identified. A time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy technique was employed to measure the luminescence decays and to determine the most important mechanisms involved in the upconversion process that populates 1 G 4 (Tm 3+ ) excited states. Analysis of the energy-transfer processes dynamics using selective pulsed-laser excitations in Yb:Nd:Tm, Nd:KY3F nanocrystals shows that the direct energy transfer from Nd 3+ to Tm 3+ ions is the mechanism responsible for the 78% of the blue upconversion luminescence in the Yb:Nd:Tm:KY3F when compared with the Yb:Nd:Tm:KY3F bulk crystal for an laser excitation at 802 nm. An investigation of the 1 G 4 level luminescence kinetic of Tm 3+ in Yb/Nd/Tm system revealed that the luminescence efficiency ( 1 G 4 ) starts with a very low value (0.38%) for the synthesized nanocrystal (as grown) and strongly increases to 97% after thermal treatment at 550 °C for 6 h under argon flow. As a consequence of the thermal treatment at T=550 °C, the contributions of the (Nd×Tm) (Up 1 ) and (Nd×Yb×Tm) (Up 2 ) upconversion processes to the 1 G 4 luminescence are 33% (Up 1 ) and 67% for Up 2 . Up 2 process represented by Nd 3+ ( 4 F 3/2 )→Yb 3+ ( 2 F 7/2 ) followed by Yb 3+ ( 2 F 5/2 )→Tm ( 3 H 4 )→Tm 3+ ( 1 G 4 ) was previously reported as the main mechanism to produce the blue luminescence in Yb:Nd:Tm:YLiF 4 and KY 3 F 10 bulk crystals. Results of X-ray diffraction analysis of nanopowder using the Rietveld method reveled that crystallite sizes remain unchanged (12–14 nm) after thermal treatments with T≤400 °C, while the 1 G 4 luminescence efficiency strongly increases from 0.38% (T=25 °C) to 12% (T=400 °C). Results shown that the Nd 3+ ions distribution has a concentration

Evaluation of atmospheric particulate concentrations derived from analysis of ratio Thematic Mapper data

Science.gov (United States)

Carnahan, W. H.; Mausel, P. W.; Zhou, G. P.

1984-01-01

An approach for atmospheric particulate concentration evaluation above urban areas using ratio Thematic Mapper (TM) data is discussed. October 25, 1982 TM data over Chicago, IL are analyzed using TM band ratios of 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, and 1/6 and particulate concentration estimates derived from TM ratios are tested over low reflective turbid water sites and highly reflective concrete highways. From analysis of the data it is evident that for water, the pattern of increasing particulate concentration is associated with decreasing ratio values in all band combinations used. Over concrete features, the TM band 1/4 ratio values follow the predicted pattern, while the TM band 1/6 has ratios which are reversed from anticipated values.

Greens of the European Green Capitals

Science.gov (United States)

Cömertler, Seval

2017-10-01

Well established and maintained green areas have a key role on reaching the high quality of life and sustainability in urban environments. Therefore, green areas must be carefully accounted and evaluated in the urban planning affairs. In this context, the European Green Capitals, which attach a great importance to the green areas, have a great potential to act as a role model for both small and big cities in all around the world. These leading cities (chronologically, Stockholm, Hamburg, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Nantes, Copenhagen, Bristol, Ljubljana, Essen and Nijmegen) are inspiring for the other cities which seek to achieve more sustainable and environmentally friendly places through green areas. From this point of view, the aim of this paper was to investigate the green areas of the European Green Capitals. The paper covered whole European Green Capitals, and the application form of each Green Capital was used as a primary data source. Consequently, the paper put forwarded that the European Green Capitals have considerably large amount and high proportion of green areas. Further, these cities provide an excellent access to the public green areas. As a result of abundant provision and proper distribution, the almost all citizens in most of the Green Capitals live within a distance of 300 meters to a green area. For further researches, the paper suggested that these green capitals should be investigated in terms of their efforts, measures, goals and plans, policies and implications to administer, to protect, to enhance and to expand the green areas.

Hybrid functional band gap calculation of SnO6 containing perovskites and their derived structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Hyewon; Cheong, S.W.; Kim, Bog G.

2015-01-01

We have studied the properties of SnO 6 octahedra-containing perovskites and their derived structures using ab initio calculations with different density functionals. In order to predict the correct band gap of the materials, we have used B3LYP hybrid density functional, and the results of B3LYP were compared with those obtained using the local density approximation and generalized gradient approximation data. The calculations have been conducted for the orthorhombic ground state of the SnO 6 containing perovskites. We also have expended the hybrid density functional calculation to the ASnO 3 /A'SnO 3 system with different cation orderings. We propose an empirical relationship between the tolerance factor and the band gap of SnO 6 containing oxide materials based on first principles calculation. - Graphical abstract: (a) Structure of ASnO 3 for orthorhombic ground state. The green ball is A (Ba, Sr, Ca) cation and the small (red) ball on edge is oxygen. SnO 6 octahedrons are plotted as polyhedron. (b) Band gap of ASnO 3 as a function of the tolerance factor for different density functionals. The experimental values of the band gap are marked as green pentagons. (c) ASnO 3 /A'SnO 3 superlattices with two types cation arrangement: [001] layered structure and [111] rocksalt structure, respectively. (d) B3LYP hybrid functional band gaps of ASnO 3 , [001] ordered superlattices, and [111] ordered superlattices of ASnO 3 /A'SnO 3 as a function of the effective tolerance factor. Note the empirical linear relationship between the band gap and effective tolerance factor. - Highlights: • We report the hybrid functional band gap calculation of ASnO 3 and ASnO 3 /A'SnO 3 . • The band gap of ASnO 3 using B3LYP functional reproduces the experimental value. • We propose the linear relationship between the tolerance factor and the band gap

Luminescent properties and energy transfer in the green phosphors LaBSiO5:Tb3+, Ce3+.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Zhengliang; Cheng, Ping; He, Pei; Liu, Yong; Zhou, Yayun; Zhou, Qiang

2015-09-01

LaBSiO5 phosphors doped with Ce(3+) and Tb(3+) were synthesized using the conventional solid-state method at 1100 °C. The phase purity and luminescent properties of these phosphors are investigated. LaBSiO5:Tb(3+) phosphors show intense green emission, and LaBSiO5 phosphors doped with Ce(3+) show blue-violet emission under UV light excitation. LaBSiO5 phosphors co-doped with Ce(3+) and Tb(3+) exhibit blue-violet and green emission under excitation by UV light. The blue-violet emission is due to the 5d-4f transition of Ce(3+) and the green emission is ascribed to the (5) D4 → (7) F5 transition of Tb(3+). The spectral overlap between the excitation band of Tb(3+) and the emission band of Ce(3+) supports the occurrence of energy transfer from Ce(3+) to Tb(3+), and the energy transfer process was investigated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Effect and mode of action of the Texel muscling QTL (TM-QTL) on carcass traits in purebred Texel lambs.

Science.gov (United States)

Macfarlane, J M; Lambe, N R; Matika, O; Johnson, P L; Wolf, B T; Haresign, W; Bishop, S C; Bünger, L

2014-07-01

TM-QTL is a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on ovine chromosome 18 (OAR18) known to affect loin muscling in Texel sheep. Previous work suggested that its mode of inheritance is consistent with paternal polar overdominance, but this has yet to be formally demonstrated. This study used purebred Texel sheep segregating for TM-QTL to confirm its presence in the chromosomal region in which it was first reported and to determine its pattern of inheritance. To do so, this study used the first available data from a Texel flock, which included homozygote TM-QTL carriers (TM/TM; n=34) in addition to homozygote non-carriers (+/+; n=40 and, heterozygote TM-QTL-carriers inheriting TM-QTL from their sire (TM/+; n=53) or their dam (+/TM; n=17). Phenotypes included a wide range of loin muscling, carcass composition and tissue distribution traits. The presence of a QTL affecting ultrasound muscle depth on OAR18 was confirmed with a paternal QTL effect ranging from +0.54 to +2.82 mm UMD (s.e. 0.37 to 0.57 mm) across the sires segregating for TM-QTL. Loin muscle width, depth and area, loin muscle volume and dissected M. longissimus lumborum weight were significantly greater for TM/+ than +/+ lambs (+2.9% to +7.9%; Pcarcass weight; TM/TM animals were significantly (Panimals (+11.9% and +11.7%, respectively), with TM/+ intermediate. Weights of the leg, saddle and shoulder region (corrected for carcass weight) were similar in the genotypic groups. There was a tendency for lambs inheriting TM-QTL from their sire to be less fat with slightly more muscle than non-carriers. For example, carcass muscle weight measured by live animal CT-scanning was 2.8% higher in TM/TM than +/+ lambs (Pcarcass muscle weight measured by carcass CT-scanning was 1.36% higher in TM/+ than +/+ lambs (Pcarcass cuts was significantly lower for TM/+ than +/+ lambs (-11.2%; Pcarcass traits were found. Optimal commercial use of TM-QTL within the sheep industry would require some consideration, due to the apparently

Diode-pumped laser performance of Tm:Sc2SiO5 crystal at 1971 nm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Bin; Wang Qing-Guo; Tang Hui-Li; Wu Feng; Luo Ping; Zhao Heng-Yu; Shi Jiao-Jiao; He Nuo-Tian; Li Na; Li Qiu; Guo Chao; Wang Zhan-Shan; Xu Jun; Zheng Li-He; Su Liang-Bi; Liu Jun-Fang; Liu Jie; Fan Xiu-Wei; Xu Xiao-Dong

2017-01-01

The 4-at.% Tm:Sc 2 SiO 5 (Tm:SSO) crystal is successfully obtained by the Czochralski method. The optical properties and thermal conductivity of the crystal are investigated. The broad continuous wave (CW) laser output of (100)-cut Tm:SSO with the dimensions of 3 mm× 3 mm× 3 mm under laser diode (LD)-pumping is realized. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the laser emitting reaches up to 21 nm. The laser threshold of Tm:SSO is measured to be 0.43 W. Efficient diode-pumped CW laser performance of Tm:SSO is demonstrated with a slope efficiency of 25.9% and maximum output power of 934 mW. (paper)

Seroepidemiology of TmPV1 infection in captive and wild Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris).

Science.gov (United States)

Donà, Maria Gabriella; Rehtanz, Manuela; Adimey, Nicole M; Bossart, Gregory D; Jenson, Alfred B; Bonde, Robert K; Ghim, Shin-je

2011-07-01

In 1997, cutaneous papillomatosis caused by Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris [Tm]) papillomavirus 1 (TmPV1) was detected in seven captive manatees at the Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park, Florida, USA, and, subsequently, in two wild manatees from the adjacent Homosassa River. Since then, papillomatosis has been reported in captive manatees housed in other locations, but not in wild animals. To determine TmPV1 antibody prevalence in captive and wild manatees sampled at various locations throughout Florida coastal regions, virus-like particles, composed of the L1 capsid protein of TmPV1, were generated with a baculovirus expression system and used to measure anti-TmPV1 antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serologic analysis of 156 manatees revealed a TmPV1 antibody prevalence of 26.3%, with no significant difference between captive (n=39) and wild (n=117) manatees (28.2% and 25.6%, respectively). No antibody-positive wild animal showed PV-induced cutaneous lesions, whereas papillomatosis was observed in 72.7% of antibody-positive captive manatees. Our data indicate that Florida manatees living in the wild are naturally infected by TmPV1 but rarely show TmPV1-induced papillomatosis. Hence, it appears that the wild population would not be harmed in a case of contact with captive animals without visible lesions and productive infections, which could be thus released into the wild.

Tm:GGAG crystal for 2μm tunable diode-pumped laser

Science.gov (United States)

Šulc, Jan; Boháček, Pavel; Němec, Michal; Fibrich, Martin; Jelínková, Helena; Trunda, Bohumil; Havlák, Lubomír.; Jurek, Karel; Nikl, Martin

2016-04-01

The spectroscopy properties and wavelength tunability of diode pumped laser based on Tm-doped mixed gadolinium-gallium-aluminium garnet Gd3(GaxAl1-x)5O12 (Tm:GGAG) single crystal were investigated for the first time. The crystal was grown by Czochralski method in a slightly oxidative atmosphere using an iridium crucible. The tested Tm:GGAG sample was cut from the grown crystal boule perpendicularly to growth direction (c-axis). The composition of sample was determined using electron microprobe X-ray elemental analysis. For spectroscopy and laser experiments 3.5mm thick plane-parallel face-polished plate (without AR coatings) with composition Gd2.76Tm0.0736Ga2.67Al2.50O12 (2.67 at.% Tm/Gd) was used. A fiber (core diameter 400 μm, NA= 0.22) coupled laser diode (emission wavelength 786 nm) was used for longitudinal Tm:GGAG pumping. The laser diode was operating in the pulsed regime (10 ms pulse length, 10 Hz repetition rate, maximum power amplitude 18 W). The 145mm long semi-hemispherical laser resonator consisted of a flat pumping mirror (HR @ 1.8- 2.10 μm, HT @ 0.78 μm) and curved (r = 150mm) output coupler with a reflectivity of » 97% @ 1.8- 2.10 µm. The maximum laser output power amplitude 1.14W was obtained at wavelength 2003nm for absorbed pump power amplitude 4.12W. The laser slope efficiency was 37% in respect to absorbed pumping power. Wavelength tuning was accomplished by using 2mm thick MgF2 birefringent filter placed inside the laser resonator at the Brewster angle. The laser was continuously tunable over 180nm in a spectral region from 1856nm to 2036 nm.

Anomalous dispersion properties of TM waves in subwavelength metallic waveguides loaded by uniaxial metamaterials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Guanghui, E-mail: wanggh@scnu.edu.cn; Lei, Yuandong; Zhang, Weifeng

2015-02-20

Dispersion properties of transverse magnetic (TM) waves in a subwavelength metallic waveguide loaded by uniaxial metamaterials are investigated, based on two kinds of uniaxial metamaterials with different orientations of optical axis. The numerical results show that the existence of fundamental TM{sub 0} mode and high-order TM modes in the waveguide system is dependent on the orientation of optical axis. In addition, their anomalous dispersion properties are clarified. When the orientation of optical axis is selected properly, there are two branches of dispersion curves for each high-order mode—one is normal dispersion and another belongs to anomalous dispersion, showing a transition from a backward wave to a forward one with the increase of working frequency. Moreover, the group velocity and energy flow distribution for TM{sub 1} mode are also demonstrated. These properties may have potential applications in optical information storage, integrated optics and nanophotonic devices. - Highlights: • Two kinds of subwavelength uniaxial metamaterial waveguides are constructed. • We demonstrate anomalous dispersion properties of transverse magnetic (TM) guided modes. • There are two branches of dispersion curves for high-order TM modes, showing a transition from a backward wave to a forward one. • Group velocity can approach to zero, having potential application in optical information storage. • Negative group velocity and energy flow distribution for TM modes are shown.

A dual-band planar array of connected dipoles: Experimental validation based on bistatic RCS measurements

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cavallo, D.; Neto, A.; Gerini, G.; Morello, D.

2010-01-01

Rigorous equivalent networks representing connected arrays in transmission and reception are derived in this paper. These equivalent networks are not based on reciprocity but on Green's functions. Thus, all components have well identified and physically meaningful roles. A dual-band connected array

Dosimetric properties of Li2 B4 O7: Tm pellets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rzyski, B.M.; Morato, S.P.

1987-10-01

Pellets produced out of thulium doped lithium tetraborate, (Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Tm), for thermoluminescent, (TL), dosimetry present low sensibility to environment conditions. Humidity, ambiet temperature, fading and handling during TL reading have almost no influence on the TL properties of the pellets prepared according the receipt given in this paper. The structure of the TL glow curve for the irradiated Li 2 B 4 O 7 : Tm pellet is rather simple and the TL response is linear in the range of 3x10 -4 to 7x10 2 Gy. The dosimetric properties of Li 2 B 4 O 7 : Tm in pellet form makes it a competitor with other TL phosphors. (author) [pt

Impact of Maple(TM) on the design, instruction and performance in an undergraduate physics mathematical methods course

Science.gov (United States)

Runge, Alan Paul

1997-10-01

A traditional undergraduate physics course on mathematical methods has been redesigned to incorporate the use of Maplesp{sc {TM}}, a computer algebra program, during all aspects of the course. Topics covered were: complex number theory; series approximations; matrix theory; partial differentiation; vector algebra; and vector calculus. Five undergraduate students were enrolled, from sophomore to senior in academic class standing. A qualitative case study methodology was used to describe the changes in the course design resulting from the incorporation of Maplesp{sc {TM}} and their impact on the instruction of the course, and to determine the effects on the students' learning and development of problem solving skills in physics using Maplesp{sc {TM}} as a problem solving tool. The impact of using Maplesp{sc {TM}} on the number and types of interactions is presented. The entire semester long course was included in this study. Each class session is described in detail. Examples of the Maplesp{sc {TM}} materials used are given. The use of the Maplesp{sc {TM}} program was allowed on all homework and exams with each student having their own computer during class. Constraints were made so that the assessment emphasis remained on the mathematics and the conceptual understanding of the problem solving methods. All of the students demonstrated some level of proficiency in using Maplesp{TM} to solve the assigned problems. Strategies for effectively using Maplesp{TM} were presented and were individualized by the students. The students reported positive and negative impacts of using Maplesp{sc {TM}}. All of the students satisfactorily completed the course requirements, receiving final course grades from B to A+. All of them continued to voluntarily use Maplesp{sc {TM}} during the following semester. Instructional methods used included various lecture techniques without Maplesp{sc {TM}} assistance, lectures and demonstrations using only Maplesp{sc {TM}}, and student tasks

From green architecture to architectural green

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Earon, Ofri

2011-01-01

that describes the architectural exclusivity of this particular architecture genre. The adjective green expresses architectural qualities differentiating green architecture from none-green architecture. Currently, adding trees and vegetation to the building’s facade is the main architectural characteristics...... they have overshadowed the architectural potential of green architecture. The paper questions how a green space should perform, look like and function. Two examples are chosen to demonstrate thorough integrations between green and space. The examples are public buildings categorized as pavilions. One......The paper investigates the topic of green architecture from an architectural point of view and not an energy point of view. The purpose of the paper is to establish a debate about the architectural language and spatial characteristics of green architecture. In this light, green becomes an adjective...

Broadband supercontinuum generation in a telecommunication fibre pumped by a nanosecond Tm, Ho:YVO{sub 4} laser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhou Ren-Lai; Ren Jian-Cun; Lou Shu-Li [Department of control engineering, Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical University, Yantai 264001 (China); Ju You-Lun; Wang Yue-Zhu [National Key Laboratory of Tunable Laser Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China)

2015-07-31

Broadband supercontinuum (SC) generation in a telecommunication fibre [8/125-μm single mode fibre (SMF) and 50/125-μm multimode fibre (MMF)] directly pumped by a nanosecond Q-switched Tm, Ho:YVO{sub 4} laser is demonstrated. At a 7-kHz pulse repetition frequency (PRF), an output average power of 0.53 W in the 1.95 – 2.5-μm spectral band and 3.51 W in the 1.9 – 2.6-μm spectral band are achieved in SMF and MMF, respectively (the corresponding optic-to-optic conversion efficiencies are 34.6% and 73.7%). The output spectra have extremely high flat segments in the range 2070 – 2390 nm and 2070 – 2475 nm with negligible intensity variation (less than 2%). The SC average power is scalable from 2.1 to 4.2 W by increasing the PRF from 5 to 15 kHz, while maintaining pump power. Compared with the input pump pulse, the output SC pulse width is broadened, and no split is found. The stability of the output SC power has been monitored for a week and the fluctuations being less than 6%. (control of radiation parameters)

Lyme Disease and YouTube TM: A Cross-Sectional Study of Video Contents.

Science.gov (United States)

Basch, Corey H; Mullican, Lindsay A; Boone, Kwanza D; Yin, Jingjing; Berdnik, Alyssa; Eremeeva, Marina E; Fung, Isaac Chun-Hai

2017-08-01

Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease. People seek health information on Lyme disease from YouTube TM videos. In this study, we investigated if the contents of Lyme disease-related YouTube TM videos varied by their sources. Most viewed English YouTube TM videos (n = 100) were identified and manually coded for contents and sources. Within the sample, 40 videos were consumer-generated, 31 were internet-based news, 16 were professional, and 13 were TV news. Compared with consumer-generated videos, TV news videos were more likely to mention celebrities (odds ratio [OR], 10.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.13-52.58), prevention of Lyme disease through wearing protective clothing (OR, 5.63; 95% CI, 1.23-25.76), and spraying insecticides (OR, 7.71; 95% CI, 1.52-39.05). A majority of the most popular Lyme disease-related YouTube TM videos were not created by public health professionals. Responsible reporting and creative video-making facilitate Lyme disease education. Partnership with YouTube TM celebrities to co-develop educational videos may be a future direction.

Density functional study of the stability and magnetic behaviour of Au{sub n}TM{sup +} clusters (TM=Au,Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe; 1{<=}n{<=}9)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Torres, M.B. [Dpto. de Matematicas y Computacion, Univ. de Burgos, Avda. de Cantabria s/n, 09006-Burgos (Spain); Fernandez, E.M.; Balbas, L.C. [Dpto. de Fisica Teorica, Univ. de Valladolid, Prado de la Magdalena s/n, 47011-Valladolid (Spain)

2005-03-01

We study the element- and size-dependent electron stability of Au{sub n}TM{sup +} clusters (TM=Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Au; 1{<=}n{<=}9) by means of first-principles density functional calculations. The interplay between the cluster atomic arrangements and their electronic and magnetic structure is investigated for the few lower energy isomeric-states in dependence of the TM-atom and its environment in the cluster. We explain the experimental magic-numbers, observed recently, as well as the trend of the impurity local magnetic moment in dependence with the size of the cluster and the position of the impurity in the host. (copyright 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

First-principle study of single TM atoms X (X=Fe, Ru or Os) doped monolayer WS2 systems

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Yuan-Yan; Zhang, Jian-Min

2018-05-01

We report the structural, magnetic and electronic properties of the pristine and single TM atoms X (X = Fe, Ru or Os) doped monolayer WS2 systems based on first-principle calculations. The results show that the W-S bond shows a stronger covalent bond, but the covalency is obviously weakened after the substitution of W atom with single X atoms, especially for Ru (4d75s1) with the easily lost electronic configuration. The smaller total energies of the doped systems reveal that the spin-polarized states are energetically favorable than the non-spin-polarized states, and the smallest total energy of -373.918 eV shows the spin-polarized state of the Os doped monolayer WS2 system is most stable among three doped systems. In addition, although the pristine monolayer WS2 system is a nonmagnetic-semiconductor with a direct band gap of 1.813 eV, single TM atoms Fe and Ru doped monolayer WS2 systems transfer to magnetic-HM with the total moments Mtot of 1.993 and 1.962 μB , while single TM atom Os doped monolayer WS2 systems changes to magnetic-metal with the total moments Mtot of 1.569 μB . Moreover, the impurity states with a positive spin splitting energies of 0.543, 0.276 and 0.1999 eV near the Fermi level EF are mainly contributed by X-dxy and X-dx2-y2 states hybridized with its nearest-neighbor atom W-dz2 states for Fe, Ru and Os doped monolayer WS2 system, respectively. Finally, we hope that the present study on monolayer WS2 will provide a useful theoretical guideline for exploring low-dimensional spintronic materials in future experiments.

Development of nanometer resolution C-Band radio frequency beam position monitors in the Final Focus Test Beam

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Slaton, T.; Mazaheri, G. [Stanford Univ., CA (US). Stanford Linear Accelerator Center; Shintake, T. [National Lab. for High Energy Physics, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan)

1998-08-01

Using a 47 GeV electron beam, the Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB) produces vertical spot sizes around 70 nm. These small beam sizes introduce an excellent opportunity to develop and test high resolution Radio Frequency Beam Position Monitors (RF-BPMs). These BPMs are designed to measure pulse to pulse beam motion (jitter) at a theoretical resolution of approximately 1 nm. The beam induces a TM{sub 110} mode with an amplitude linearly proportional to its charge and displacement from the BPM's (cylindrical cavity) axis. The C-band (5,712 MHz) TM{sub 110} signal is processed and converted into beam position for use by the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) control system. Presented are the experimental procedures, acquisition, and analysis of data demonstrating resolution of jitter near 25 nm. With the design of future e{sup +}e{sup -} linear colliders requiring spot sizes close to 3 nm, understanding and developing RF-BPMs will be essential in resolving and controlling jitter.

Development of nanometer resolution C-Band radio frequency beam position monitors in the Final Focus Test Beam

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Slaton, T.; Mazaheri, G.

1998-08-01

Using a 47 GeV electron beam, the Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB) produces vertical spot sizes around 70 nm. These small beam sizes introduce an excellent opportunity to develop and test high resolution Radio Frequency Beam Position Monitors (RF-BPMs). These BPMs are designed to measure pulse to pulse beam motion (jitter) at a theoretical resolution of approximately 1 nm. The beam induces a TM 110 mode with an amplitude linearly proportional to its charge and displacement from the BPM's (cylindrical cavity) axis. The C-band (5,712 MHz) TM 110 signal is processed and converted into beam position for use by the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) control system. Presented are the experimental procedures, acquisition, and analysis of data demonstrating resolution of jitter near 25 nm. With the design of future e + e - linear colliders requiring spot sizes close to 3 nm, understanding and developing RF-BPMs will be essential in resolving and controlling jitter

Principal Component Analysis and Morphostructural Characterization of a Portion of The Eastern Continental Shelf of Ceará, Brazil, Using Landsat 5-Tm Images

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cynthia Romariz Duarte

2016-09-01

Full Text Available This study used Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (5-TM images in the morphostructural characterization of the shallow continental shelf of the eastern coast of Ceará (CE, in the Jaguaribe river mouth. The dam built near the river mouth to transpose the water towards Fortaleza, CE, ensures good water transparency since little of the river-carried sediment reaches the sea. The used image was captured on date and time to ensure low tide. Data using Secchi disc indicated good water transparency in the turbidity zone and seaside, coastal and marine areas. Bathymetry studies and underwater photos confirm the existence of many of the features described in this study. Digital image processing techniques have been applied in the study: colored compositions (RGB 124, 90° directional filter (band 1, and a colored composition employing the filtered band 1 and band 2 and 4. The filtered image of band 1 allowed recognizing different features when interpreted in detail scale. The principal component analysis (PCA was used here, calculating eigenvalues and eigenvectors. When applied to bands 1 to 5 and 7, PCA generated good results in PC2, whose correlation with the blue band was 0.85 (explained cumulative variance of more than 96%. Applied to the visible bands, PCA produced very similar results in PC1, and the correlation between the blue band and PC1 was 0.86 (explained cumulative variance of 94%. These results show that band 1 is the main contributor in studies of submerged morphological features. Each process resulted in a new image, from which it was possible to produce the map of the area representing morphostructural characteristics. The use of digitally processed satellite images in the visible region greatly improves the characterization and mapping of submerged features in places with shallow and good transparency waters.

Development of a 170Tm source for mercury monitoring studies in humans using XRF

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Timmaraju, K. Phanisree; Fajurally, Bibi Najah; Armstrong, Andrea F.; Chettle, David R.

2016-01-01

The goals of the present study were to develop a 170 Tm radioisotope and generate a K XRF spectrum of mercury. Thulium foil and thulium oxide powder were both tested for impurities and the latter was found to be a better prospect for further studies. The 170 Tm radioisotope was developed from thulium oxide powder following the method of disolution and absorption. A suitable source holder and collimator were also designed based on Monte Carlo simulations. Using the radioisotope thus developed, a mercury XRF spectrum was successfully generated. - Highlights: • We tested the purity of thulium samples by XRF and NAA techniques. • Developed a procedure to generate Tm-170 isotope out of thulium oxide powder. • Designed a collimator and source holder • Generated XRF spectrum of mercury using the Tm-170 isotope. • Compared the highlights in mercury spectra from Tm-170 and Cd-109 isotopes.

Molecular mechanism of 7TM receptor activation--a global toggle switch model

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schwartz, Thue W; Frimurer, Thomas M; Holst, Birgitte

2006-01-01

the accumulated biophysical data supporting an outward rigid-body movement of the intracellular segments, as well as the recent data derived from activating metal ion sites and tethered ligands, which suggests an opposite, inward movement of the extracellular segments of the transmembrane helices. According...... to this model, a vertical see-saw movement of TM-VI-and to some degree TM-VII-around a pivot corresponding to the highly conserved prolines will occur during receptor activation, which may involve the outer segment of TM-V in an as yet unclear fashion. Small-molecule agonists can stabilize such a proposed...

The Influence of Proactive Green Innovation and Reactive Green Innovation on Green Product Development Performance: The Mediation Role of Green Creativity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yu-Shan Chen

2016-09-01

Full Text Available This study fills the research gap in the exploration of the relationships between both proactive and reactive green innovations and green product development performance, and examines the mediating effect of green creativity. Structural equation modeling (SEM is utilized to test the hypotheses. From the sample of 146 valid respondents, the results show that proactive green innovation positively affects green creativity and green product development performance, and green creativity positively affects green product development performance. In addition, our findings also indicate that the relationship between proactive green innovation and green product development performance is partially mediated by green creativity. Accordingly, green creativity plays a critical role for companies to achieve a great green product development performance. However, reactive green innovation does not significantly influence green creativity and green product development performance. Companies should develop proactive green innovation rather than reactive green innovation in order to enhance their green creativity and increase their product development performance.

Residential Air Pollution, Road Traffic, Greenness and Maternal Hypertension: Results from GINIplus and LISAplus.

Science.gov (United States)

Jendrossek, Mario; Standl, Marie; Koletzko, Sibylle; Lehmann, Irina; Bauer, Carl-Peter; Schikowski, Tamara; von Berg, Andrea; Berdel, Dietrich; Heinrich, Joachim; Markevych, Iana

2017-07-01

The public health burden of hypertension is high, but its relationship with long-term residential air pollution, road traffic, and greenness remains unclear. To investigate associations between residential air pollution, traffic, greenness, and hypertension among mothers. Information on doctor-diagnosed maternal hypertension was collected at the 15-year follow-up of two large population-based multicenter German birth cohorts-GINIplus and LISAplus (n=3063). Residential air pollution was modelled by land use regression models within the ESCAPE and universal kriging within the APMoSPHERE projects. Road traffic was defined as traffic load on major roads within a 100-m buffer around residences. Vegetation level ( ie , greenness) was defined as the mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in a 500-m buffer around residences and was assessed from Landsat 5 TM satellite images. All the exposure variables were averaged over three residential addresses during the last 10 years and categorized into tertiles or dichotomized. The individual associations between each of the exposure variables and hypertension were assessed using logistic regression analysis. No significant and consistent associations across different levels of adjustment were observed between the exposures of interest and hypertension. The only significant estimate was found with coarse particulate matter concentrations (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.74; 3 rd vs 1 st tertile) among mothers residing in the Wesel area. No significant associations were observed with traffic load or greenness. This study does not provide evidence on detrimental effects of air pollution and road traffic or beneficial effects of greenness on hypertension among German adults.

Influence of Tm+3 concentration on the non-linear optical effects of the BiB3O6 : Tm3+ glass nanoparticle-doped polymer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Majchrowski, A; Ebothe, J; Ozga, K; Kityk, I V; Reshak, A H; Lukasiewicz, T; Brik, M G

2010-01-01

It is shown that BiB 3 O 6 : Tm 3+ glass nanoparticles incorporated into polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC) polymer matrices show good second-order susceptibilities under bicolour coherent laser treatment. It is found that only during incorporation into highly polarized PC matrices could one observe an enhancement of the second-order susceptibilities with increasing laser treated power densities. The main increase is observed for all samples at power densities equal to about 0.4 GW cm -2 . After passing this value there is a saturation of the output susceptibilities and even an abrupt decrease. The most striking feature is the achievement of second-order susceptibilities equal to about 5 pm V -1 for samples containing 4% nanoparticle (NP) content in the PC matrix. A further increase in the NP concentration to 6% leads to a decrease in susceptibility to 15%. In the case of PMMA matrices these changes do not exceed the background. The same situation is present for the pure BIBO and low-doped Tm materials. The effect is maximal for a low concentration of Tm-about 0.75%. In the case of bulk glasses the intensity dependences of the second-harmonic generation unambiguously show that the achieved maximal values of second-order susceptibilities do not exceed 3 pm V -1 for 0.5% Tm concentration.

Effect of Tm substitution on the magnetic properties and local magnetic anisotropy of amorphous Fe80-xTm xB20 ribbons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sayouty, E.H.; Annouar, F.; Lassri, H.; Randrianantoandro, N.; Greneche, J.M.

2005-01-01

We have carried out magnetic and Moessbauer studies of amorphous Fe 80-x Tm x B 20 alloys (0 ≤ x ≤ 16). With an increasing Tm content, both the Curie temperature T C and the magnetic moment of Fe atom μ Fe decrease. We have extracted the value of exchange constant A from T C and that of the local magnetic anisotropy constant K L from the coercivity. Moessbauer studies were performed in a transmission geometry and also using the conversion electron spectroscopy. Both Moessbauer spectrometry techniques show that the average hyperfine field decreases linearly with the addition of rare-earth

Modeling a Hypothetical 170Tm Source for Brachytherapy Applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Enger, Shirin A.; D'Amours, Michel; Beaulieu, Luc

2011-01-01

Purpose: To perform absorbed dose calculations based on Monte Carlo simulations for a hypothetical 170 Tm source and to investigate the influence of encapsulating material on the energy spectrum of the emitted electrons and photons. Methods: GEANT4 Monte Carlo code version 9.2 patch 2 was used to simulate the decay process of 170 Tm and to calculate the absorbed dose distribution using the GEANT4 Penelope physics models. A hypothetical 170 Tm source based on the Flexisource brachytherapy design with the active core set as a pure thulium cylinder (length 3.5 mm and diameter 0.6 mm) and different cylindrical source encapsulations (length 5 mm and thickness 0.125 mm) constructed of titanium, stainless-steel, gold, or platinum were simulated. The radial dose function for the line source approximation was calculated following the TG-43U1 formalism for the stainless-steel encapsulation. Results: For the titanium and stainless-steel encapsulation, 94% of the total bremsstrahlung is produced inside the core, 4.8 and 5.5% in titanium and stainless-steel capsules, respectively, and less than 1% in water. For the gold capsule, 85% is produced inside the core, 14.2% inside the gold capsule, and a negligible amount ( 170 Tm source is primarily a bremsstrahlung source, with the majority of bremsstrahlung photons being generated in the source core and experiencing little attenuation in the source encapsulation. Electrons are efficiently absorbed by the gold and platinum encapsulations. However, for the stainless-steel capsule (or other lower Z encapsulations) electrons will escape. The dose from these electrons is dominant over the photon dose in the first few millimeter but is not taken into account by current standard treatment planning systems. The total energy spectrum of photons emerging from the source depends on the encapsulation composition and results in mean photon energies well above 100 keV. This is higher than the main gamma-ray energy peak at 84 keV. Based on our

A Novel Cyanide-Bridged Thulium-Nickel Heterobimetallic Polymeric Complex (H2O)2(DMF)10Tm2[Ni(CN)4]2[Ni(CN)4] including O-H···N Hydrogen Bond

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chung, Janghoon; Park, Daeyoung; Song, Mina; Ha, Sungin; Kang, Ansoo; Moon, Sangbong; Ryu, Cheolhwi

2012-01-01

The experimental section lists the observed infrared absorption frequencies for the complex. Typically bridging CN ligands have higher stretching frequencies than the terminal CN ligands. Accordingly, cyanide stretching bands (2170, 2156, 2139 cm -1 . at higher frequencies than the stretching band (2127 cm -1 ) of K 2 [Ni(CN) 4 ] are assigned to bridging cyanide ligands. The band at 2128 cm -1 is assigned to terminal cyanide ligands because their location in the cyanide stretching region compares with the absorption observed for the nonbridging cyanide ligands in K 2 [Ni(CN) 4 ]. Array (H 2 O) 2 (DMF) 10 Tm 2 [Ni(CN) 4 ] 2 [Ni(CN) 4 ] and other lanthanide metal-Ni systems display similar CN stretching patterns in their spectra. A broad absorption band at 2950-3550 cm -1 was observed in the spectrum. This supports the presence of O-H···N intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions between the polymers

Green Jobs: Definition and Method of Appraisal of Chemical and Biological Risks.

Science.gov (United States)

Cheneval, Erwan; Busque, Marc-Antoine; Ostiguy, Claude; Lavoie, Jacques; Bourbonnais, Robert; Labrèche, France; Bakhiyi, Bouchra; Zayed, Joseph

2016-04-01

In the wake of sustainable development, green jobs are developing rapidly, changing the work environment. However a green job is not automatically a safe job. The aim of the study was to define green jobs, and to establish a preliminary risk assessment of chemical substances and biological agents for workers in Quebec. An operational definition was developed, along with criteria and sustainable development principles to discriminate green jobs from regular jobs. The potential toxicity or hazard associated with their chemical and biological exposures was assessed, and the workers' exposure appraised using an expert assessment method. A control banding approach was then used to assess risks for workers in selected green jobs. A double entry model allowed us to set priorities in terms of chemical or biological risk. Among jobs that present the highest risk potential, several are related to waste management. The developed method is flexible and could be adapted to better appraise the risks that workers are facing or to propose control measures. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society.

Infrequent blue and green emission transitions from Eu3+ in heavy metal tellurite glasses with low phonon energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin, H.; Tanabe, S.; Lin, L.; Yang, D.L.; Liu, K.; Wong, W.H.; Yu, J.Y.; Pun, E.Y.B.

2006-01-01

Eu 3+ doped alkali-barium-bismuth-tellurite (Eu 3+ :LKBBT) glasses were prepared by conventional melt quenching. Twelve emission bands including infrequent blue and green bands are observed and they almost cover whole visible spectral region under violet light radiation. The blue and green emissions of Eu 3+ rarely appeared in oxide glasses before, but they have been clearly recorded in Eu 3+ :LKBBT glasses even in the case of high concentration doping of Eu 3+ . The analysis based on spontaneous-radiative rate, energy gap and Raman scattering reveals that the obtaining of the abundant multichannel emissions of Eu 3+ is due to the higher refractive index and the lower phonon energy in LKBBT glass system

Pengaruh Green Marketing Hotel Terhadap Green Consumer Behavior

OpenAIRE

Yo Fernandez, Eunike Christe; Tjoanda, Evelyn

2017-01-01

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari green marketing hotel terhadap green consumer behavior. Green marketing memiliki 3 dimensi, yaitu green product, green price, dan green promotion. Penelitian ini melibatkan 272 responden masyarakat Surabaya dan menggunakan metode regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa green product dan green price berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan sedangkan green promotion berpengaruh namun tidak signifikan terhadap green con...

Position space Green's function and its application to a non-muffin tin band theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brown, R.G.

1982-01-01

A new way of applying the non-spherically symmetric phase functional method of Williams and Van Morgan to the band structure problem is derived that results in a generalized (non-muffin tin) multiple scattering band theory that is variationally stationary and exact in the single-electron, local potential Schroedinger theory. The phase functional basis derived arises from considering integral equation solutions to differential equations of the Schroedinger or inhomogeneous Helmholtz type. It is shown to be conditionally complete on any spherical domain. It is applied to the ordinary scattering problem and the general multiple scattering problem, where it is shown that any multiple scattering theory that is muffin tin approximated can probably have the approximation removed. The so-called near field correction that is believed to destroy the separability of KKR-like band theories or multiple scattering problems where the bounding spheres of nearest neighbor domains overlap is shown to be generally absorbed in a convergent fashion into the usual sum over structure constants in the theory. The extension of this theory to a full self-consistent-field calculation is briefly discussed, but the actual derivations are deferred until various numerical tests in progress are completed

Green Brand Development in Sports Nutrition Food

OpenAIRE

Zhe Ren

2015-01-01

This study is to research the current situation and the effect which is brought by the nutrition food of the green band development in sports nutrition food. Sports nutrition is the study and practice of nutrition and diet as it relates to athletic performance. It is concerned with the type and quantity of fluid and food taken by an athlete and deals with nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, supplements and organic substances such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Although an important pa...

Diode-pumped efficient laser operation and spectroscopy of Tm,Ho:YVO 4

Science.gov (United States)

Li, G.; Yao, B. Q.; Meng, P. B.; Duan, X. M.; Ju, Y. L.; Wang, Y. Z.

2011-04-01

Spectroscopic characterization of co-doped Tm,Ho:YVO 4 crystal grown by the Czochralski method has been performed including absorption spectrum, emitting spectrum and luminescence decay lifetime. The polarization emitting spectrum around 2 μm is accomplished by exciting a singly Ho 3+ doped YVO 4 crystal to exclude the influence of Tm 3+3F 4- 3H 6 transition and the emission cross section is deduced from both Fuchtbauer-Ladenburg (F-L) equation and reciprocity method (RM). In addition, we report up to 10.4 W continuous wave (CW) output with a conversion efficiency of 40% and 10.3 W Q-Switch output with 12.5 kHz pulse repetition rate of diode-pumped cryogenic Tm,Ho:YVO 4 laser. For Q-Switch operation, the minimum pulse width of 28.2 ns is obtained, all of which demonstrate that the Tm,Ho:YVO 4 is excellent laser material for 2 μm radiation.

Sokol Blosser Barrel Aging Cellar : green roofs and LEED{sup TM} buildings in the rural context

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cravens, L.L. [Sera Architects Inc., Portland, OR (United States)

2004-07-01

An earth covered structure that stores 900 barrels of wine at the Sokol Blosser Winery located in Yamhill Valley, southeast of Portland, Oregon was presented. The owner's decision to build as sustainably as possible when constructing the barrel aging cellar was reinforced by their involvement in the Oregon Natural Step Network, a non-profit organization that promotes sustainability principles in any endeavor. The sustainable project design solution led by SERA Architects met the winery's requirements for an underground structure capable of storing 900 barrels of wine in three chambers; natural daylight throughout; control over the temperature and humidity; natural ventilation; the use of sustainable materials, and minimal materials; use of local products; preserving the maximum existing open area; and, minimizing construction demolition and waste. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) criteria for the green building rating system was used to measure the green construction practices. The many benefits of burying the building were identified, namely the cooling system was eliminated, which reduced the cost of the mechanical system, reduced the major draw for energy, and eliminated any use of ozone depleting refrigerants. The roof's waterproofing system was provided by Tremco. Combined with a non-engineered earth cover the manufacturer provided a warranty of 20 years but predicted a 60 year life for the roof. The Roof sandwich structure from top down was described in detail and illustrations were presented. The final calculations indicate a $750 annual energy savings above a traditional space. 6 figs.

Stability of the split-band solution and energy gap in the narrow-band region of the Hubbard model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arai, T.; Cohen, M.H.

1980-01-01

By inserting quasielectron energies ω calculated from the fully renormalized Green's function of the Hubbard model obtained in the preceding paper into the exact expression of Galitskii and Migdal, the ground-state energy, the chemical potential, and the dynamic- and thermodynamic-stability conditions are calculated in the narrow-band region. The results show that as long as the interaction energy I is finite, electrons in the narrow-band region do not obey the Landau theory of Fermi liquids, and a gap appears between the lowest quasielectron energy ω and the chemical potential μ for any occupation n, regardless of whether the lower band is exactly filled or not. This unusual behavior is possible because, when an electron is added to the system of N electrons, the whole system relaxes due to the strong interaction, introducing a relaxation energy difference between the two quantities. We also show that all previous solutions which exhibit the split-band structure, including Hubbard's work, yield the same conclusion that electrons do not behave like Landau quasiparticles. However, the energy gap is calculated to be negative at least for some occupations n, demonstrating the dynamic instability of those solutions. They also exhibit thermodynamic instability for certain occupations, while the fully renormalized solution, having sufficient electron correlations built in, satisfies the dynamic and thermodynamic stability conditions for all occupations. When the lower band is nearly filled, the nature of the solution is shown to change, making the coherent motion of electrons with fixed k values more difficult. In the pathological limit where I=infinity, however, the gap vanishes, yielding a metallic state

Hybrid functional band gap calculation of SnO{sub 6} containing perovskites and their derived structures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Hyewon [Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Republic of South Korea (Korea, Republic of); Cheong, S.W. [Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 (United States); Kim, Bog G., E-mail: boggikim@pusan.ac.kr [Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Republic of South Korea (Korea, Republic of)

2015-08-15

We have studied the properties of SnO{sub 6} octahedra-containing perovskites and their derived structures using ab initio calculations with different density functionals. In order to predict the correct band gap of the materials, we have used B3LYP hybrid density functional, and the results of B3LYP were compared with those obtained using the local density approximation and generalized gradient approximation data. The calculations have been conducted for the orthorhombic ground state of the SnO{sub 6} containing perovskites. We also have expended the hybrid density functional calculation to the ASnO{sub 3}/A'SnO{sub 3} system with different cation orderings. We propose an empirical relationship between the tolerance factor and the band gap of SnO{sub 6} containing oxide materials based on first principles calculation. - Graphical abstract: (a) Structure of ASnO{sub 3} for orthorhombic ground state. The green ball is A (Ba, Sr, Ca) cation and the small (red) ball on edge is oxygen. SnO{sub 6} octahedrons are plotted as polyhedron. (b) Band gap of ASnO{sub 3} as a function of the tolerance factor for different density functionals. The experimental values of the band gap are marked as green pentagons. (c) ASnO{sub 3}/A'SnO{sub 3} superlattices with two types cation arrangement: [001] layered structure and [111] rocksalt structure, respectively. (d) B3LYP hybrid functional band gaps of ASnO{sub 3}, [001] ordered superlattices, and [111] ordered superlattices of ASnO{sub 3}/A'SnO{sub 3} as a function of the effective tolerance factor. Note the empirical linear relationship between the band gap and effective tolerance factor. - Highlights: • We report the hybrid functional band gap calculation of ASnO{sub 3} and ASnO{sub 3}/A'SnO{sub 3}. • The band gap of ASnO{sub 3} using B3LYP functional reproduces the experimental value. • We propose the linear relationship between the tolerance factor and the band gap.

Spin-disorder resistivity of heavy rare-earth metals from Gd to Tm: An ab-initio study

Science.gov (United States)

Glasbrenner, James; Belashchenko, Kirill

2010-03-01

Electrical resistivity of heavy rare-earth metals has a dominant contribution from thermal spin disorder scattering. In the paramagnetic state, this spin-disorder resistivity (SDR) decreases through the Gd-Tm series. Models based on the assumption of fully localized 4f states treated as S or J multiplets predict that SDR is proportional to S^2 (S is the 4f shell spin) times a quantum correction (S+1)/S or (J+1)/J. The interpretation of this correction using experimental results is ambiguous. Since the 4f bandwidth is not small compared to the multiplet splitting, it is not clear whether the 4f shells in rare-earth metals behave as if they were fully localized and have a good quantum number S or J. To address this issue, in this work we calculate the paramagnetic SDR of the rare-earth metal Gd-Tm series using a non-collinear implementation of the tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital method. The conductance is found using the Landauer-B"uttiker approach applied to the active region of a varying size, averaging the conductance over random spin-disorder configurations and fitting its size dependence to Ohm's law. The results are compared with experiment and discussed. The sensitivity to basis set and the treatment of the 4f electrons, as well as the role of exchange enhancement in the conduction band is considered. The issue of the quantum correction is examined in light of the new results.

Pool boiling performance of NovecTM 649 engineered fluid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Forrest, Eric; Buongiorno, Jacopo; McKrell, Thomas; Hu, Lin-Wen

2009-01-01

A new fluorinated ketone, C 2 F 5 C(O)CF(CF 3 ) 2 , is currently being considered as an environmentally friendly alternative for power electronics cooling applications due to its high dielectric strength and low global warming potential (GWP). Sold commercially by the 3M Company as Novec TM 649 Engineered Fluid, C 2 F 5 C(O)CF(CF 3 ) 2 exhibits very low acute toxicity while maintaining long-term stability. To assess the general two-phase heat transfer performance of Novec TM 649, pool boiling tests were conducted by resistively heating a 0.01 in. diameter nickel wire at the fluid's atmospheric saturation temperature of 49 deg C. The nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux (CHF) obtained for the fluorinated ketone compare favorably with results obtained for FC-72, a fluorocarbon widely used for the direct cooling of electronic devices. Initial results indicate that Novec TM 649 may prove to be a viable alternative to FC-72 and other halo alkanes for the cooling of high power density electronic devices. (author)

Use of the Aromascan(TM) Instrument for Nonsubjective Evaluation of Rodent Spaceflight Hardware

Science.gov (United States)

Scribner, K. A.; Steele, M. K.; Hinds, W. E.; Dalton, Bonnie P. (Technical Monitor)

1997-01-01

This report describes the verification and utilization of the AromaScan(TM) (Hollis, NH) instrument for the ground-based evaluation of odor containment by various spaceflight habitats developed at NASA's Ames Research Center (ARC). The AromaScan(TM) instrument is an electronic odor detection system consisting of 32 polymer sensors that respond differentially to 10 different chemical groups present in an air sample. The AromaScan(TM) system also includes neural network software for constructing a database of known odors, against which an unknown odor can be compared. At present, the standard method for characterizing rodent odor containment during the development and testing of spaceflight hardware is the use of a human odor assessment panel. However, this can be a very time consuming and costly process, and the results are inherently subjective. The AromaScan(TM) system should produce more consistent and objective results, as well as a cost savings in the long term. To test and verify the AromaScan(TM) instrument, daily air samples will be collected from the exhaust port of rodent habitats, during experiment development tests, then injected into the instrument and used to create a database of recognizable odors. Human sniff tests will be performed in conjunction with the AromaScan(TM) analysis, and the results will be correlated. We will then teach the neural network to differentiate between an acceptable and an unacceptable odor profile, as defined by the human sniff test, and to be able to accurately identify an odor that would not pass a sniff panel. The results of our efforts will be to verify that the AromaScan(TM) system is a valuable alternative to human sniff panel assessments for the early iterative process of designing and testing rodent waste filters for spaceflight. Acceptance by a human panel will remain one of the final criteria for successful rodent habitat development.

Growth and optical properties of Tm:GdVO{sub 4} single crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Urata, Y.; Akagawa, K.; Wada, S.; Tashiro, H. [Photodynamics Research Center, Sendai (Japan). Inst. of Physical and Chemical Research; Suh, S.J.; Yoon, D.H. [Photodynamics Research Center, Sendai (Japan). Inst. of Physical and Chemical Research]|[Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering, Sung Kyun Kwan Univ. (Korea, Republic of); Fukuda, T. [Photodynamics Research Center, Sendai (Japan). Inst. of Physical and Chemical Research]|[Inst. for Materials Research, Tohoku Univ. (Japan)

1999-04-01

Thulium-doped gadolinium vanadate (Tm:GdVO{sub 4}) single crystal has been successfully grown by a modified Czochralski (CZ) technique. Effective distribution coefficient of Tm was determined to be 0.74. Absorption characterization was performed in the 800 nm region and the maximum absorption peak was found at 799 nm for {pi} polarization. Fluorescence spectra for tuning at the maximum absorption were obtained around 1.8-2.0 {mu}m region with 100 nm bandwidth. This suggests that a Tm:GdVO{sub 4} crystal is expected as a new promising LD pumped solid-state laser in the 2 {mu}m region. (orig.) 9 refs.

LD-cladding-pumped 50 pm linewidth Tm 3+ -doped silica fiber laser.

Science.gov (United States)

Yunjun, Zhang; Baoquan, Yao; Youlun, Ju; Hui, Zhou; Yuezhu, Wang

2008-05-26

We report on a Tm(3+)-doped fiber laser source operating at 1936.4 nm with a very narrow linewidth (50 pm) laser output. Up to 2.4 W cw laser power was obtained from an 82 cm long Tm(3+)-doped multimode-core fiber cladding pumped by a 792 nm laser diode (LD). The fiber laser cavity included a high-reflective dichroic and a low-reflective FBG output coupler. The multimode fiber Bragg grating (FBG) transmission spectrum and output laser spectrum were measured. By adjusting the distance between the dichroic and the Tm(3+)-doped fiber end, the multipeak laser spectrum changed to a single-peak laser spectrum.

Implementation of BIRADS{sup TM} together with an organization of percutaneous breast biopsies: experiences, reactions; Implementierung der BIRADS{sup TM}-Klassifikation in Kombination mit einer Organisation der perkutanen Nadelbiopsie von Brustlaesionen: Erfahrungen, Reaktionen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hergan, K.; Oser, W. [Zentrales Inst. fuer Radiologie, LKH Feldkirch (Austria); Laengle, I. [Obmann der Fachgruppe Radiologie Vorarlberg (Austria)

2002-12-01

Purpose: To record the acceptance and reactions of radiologist und physicians who recommend patients for mammography after simultaneous establishment of BIRADS{sup TM} and a registration of the results of percutaneous breast biopsies. Materials and methods: To improve clarity of mammographic reports and to provide guidance concerning any necessary percutaneous breast biopsies the Breast Imaging Data And Reporting System (BIRADS{sup TM}) has been introduced regionally together with a registration of percutaneous breast biopsies. Using a questionnaire, 25 radiologists and 230 referring physicians were asked on acceptance and reactions concerning the established system. Results: Of the 15 answering radiologists, 93% considered BIRADS{sup TM} a worthwhile effort and 87% found the biopsy guidelines to be useful. They regarded the acceptance of the referring physicians and patients as high (80%). Up to 69% of the 52 participating physicians stated a better understanding of the mammographic reports, an easier comprehension of the dignity classification of a mammographic lesion and the feeling of an improvement in their work. Preoperative assessment of histology was found to be valuable by 94% of the referring physicians. They believe that more than half of the patients benefit from the biopsy guidelines and that the majority of patients accept this approach. Conclusion: BIRADS{sup TM} is useful to standardize and improve mammographic reports. It is advantageous to link BIRADS{sup TM} with guidelines for percutaneous breast biopsies. (orig.) [German] Ziel: Erfassung der Akzeptanz und Reaktionen von Radiologen und zur Mammographie zuweisenden Aerzten (Allgemeinmediziner, Gynaekologen) nach gleichzeitiger Einfuehrung von BIRADS{sup TM} und einer Organisation perkutaner Mammabiopsien. Material und Methode: Zur Synchronisation und besseren Verstaendlichkeit von mammographischen Befunden und zur Vorgabe klarer Richtlinien bez. der perkutanen Mammabiopsie wurde in einem regional

PLUS 7TM advanced fuel assembly development program for KSNPs and APR1400

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Kyutae; Stucker, David L.

2002-01-01

KNFC and Westinghouse have recently completed the development of the PLUS 7 TM advanced 16 X 16 fuel assembly for the Korean Standard Nuclear Plants (KSNPs) and the Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR 1400). This fuel design utilized the proven advanced design features including mixing vane spacer grids to increase critical heat flux performance, ZIRLO TM advanced materials to enable high-duty, high burnup fuel management and an optimized fuel rod diameter which improves fuel cycle cost while resulting in significant standardization of Korean fuel manufacture. PLUS 7 TM , also includes a patented spacer grid design with conformal fuel rod support designed to provide superior fuel rod wear/fretting resistance while minimizing pressure drop. This paper will present an overview of the PLUS 7 TM fuel assembly development process including a summary of the three-year design and testing program from a mechanical, neutronic, and thermal/hydraulic perspective. The PLUS 7 TM fuel for the KSNPs and the APR1400 reactors results in multi-million dollar per cycle savings in imported enriched uranium product for the Korean nuclear power program with technology specifically developed for Korea by experienced Korean engineers

Magnetic anomaly in superconducting TmRh4B4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, J.L.; Huang, C.Y.; Tsou, J.J.; Ho, J.C.

1978-01-01

The magnetic and superconducting properties of TmRh 4 B 4 (which becomes superconducting at 9.6 K) by means of ac and dc magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements are investigated. At 10.7 K, an ac susceptibility peak similar to those found in spin glasses has been observed. In addition, a pronounced specific heat peak has been observed at 11.4 K. The susceptibility peak is essentially unaffected by substitution of 1% Lu or Er for the Tm, but it diminishes when much larger amounts of Er are substituted. The physical origin of this anomalous peak will be discussed

Green(ing) infrastructure

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Van Wyk, Llewellyn V

2014-03-01

Full Text Available the generation of electricity from renewable sources such as wind, water and solar. Grey infrastructure – In the context of storm water management, grey infrastructure can be thought of as the hard, engineered systems to capture and convey runoff..., pumps, and treatment plants.  Green infrastructure reduces energy demand by reducing the need to collect and transport storm water to a suitable discharge location. In addition, green infrastructure such as green roofs, street trees and increased...

Microstructural Evolution, Thermodynamics, and Kinetics of Mo-Tm2O3 Powder Mixtures during Ball Milling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yong Luo

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The microstructural evolution, thermodynamics, and kinetics of Mo (21 wt % Tm2O3 powder mixtures during ball milling were investigated using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Ball milling induced Tm2O3 to be decomposed and then dissolved into Mo crystal. After 96 h of ball milling, Tm2O3 was dissolved completely and the supersaturated nanocrystalline solid solution of Mo (Tm, O was obtained. The Mo lattice parameter increased with increasing ball-milling time, opposite for the Mo grain size. The size and lattice parameter of Mo grains was about 8 nm and 0.31564 nm after 96 h of ball milling, respectively. Ball milling induced the elements of Mo, Tm, and O to be distributed uniformly in the ball-milled particles. Based on the semi-experimental theory of Miedema, a thermodynamic model was developed to calculate the driving force of phase evolution. There was no chemical driving force to form a crystal solid solution of Tm atoms in Mo crystal or an amorphous phase because the Gibbs free energy for both processes was higher than zero. For Mo (21 wt % Tm2O3, it was mechanical work, not the negative heat of mixing, which provided the driving force to form a supersaturated nanocrystalline Mo (Tm, O solid solution.

The Vitamin E Analog Gamma-Tocotrienol (GT3 and Statins Synergistically Up-Regulate Endothelial Thrombomodulin (TM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rupak Pathak

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Statins; a class of routinely prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs; inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzymeA reductase (HMGCR and strongly induce endothelial thrombomodulin (TM; which is known to have anti-inflammatory; anti-coagulation; anti-oxidant; and radioprotective properties. However; high-dose toxicity limits the clinical use of statins. The vitamin E family member gamma-tocotrienol (GT3 also suppresses HMGCR activity and induces TM expression without causing significant adverse side effects; even at high concentrations. To investigate the synergistic effect of statins and GT3 on TM; a low dose of atorvastatin and GT3 was used to treat human primary endothelial cells. Protein-level TM expression was measured by flow cytometry. TM functional activity was determined by activated protein C (APC generation assay. Expression of Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2, one of the key transcription factors of TM, was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR. TM expression increased in a dose-dependent manner after both atorvastatin and GT3 treatment. A combined treatment of a low-dose of atorvastatin and GT3 synergistically up-regulated TM expression and functional activity. Finally; atorvastatin and GT3 synergistically increased KLF2 expression. These findings suggest that combined treatment of statins with GT3 may provide significant health benefits in treating a number of pathophysiological conditions; including inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases.

Everything you need to know to operate on Day-Ahead{sup TM}; Tout ce que vous devez savoir pour intervenir sur Powernext Day-Ahead{sup TM}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2005-05-15

The introduction of a power exchange in France is a direct response to the opening up of the European electricity markets. Powernext SA is a Multilateral Trading Facility in charge of managing the French power exchange through an optional and anonymous organised exchange offering: - Day-ahead contracts for the management of volume risk on Powernext Day-Ahead{sup TM} since 21 November 2001, - Medium term contracts for the management of price risk on Powernext Futures{sup TM} since 18 June 2004. This document is the user's guide of Powernext Day-Ahead{sup TM}. It presents: 1 - the power exchange in France (market model, Powernext's regulatory environment, general market operations, 2 - Powernext Day-Ahead{sup TM} members (membership, agreement, start-up notification, tariffs, standing obligations, membership termination), 3 - Powernext Day-Ahead{sup TM} products (specifications, management), 4 - trading (connections, system flow chart, ElWeb client installation and daily connections, portfolio-management, single bidding, type of order, submitting, importing, saving, sending, modifying or canceling an order form, transmission problems, block bidding block bid characteristics, sending, saving, transmitting, modifying and canceling a block bid, price calculations, blind auction procedure, example, taking into account block bids, rounding off rules, consulting and saving the results, sample documents, auction validation), 5 - clearing (LCH.Clearnet SA, legal framework, clearing agreement, PP-DPES agreement, market security, initial margin, daily adjustments, additional margin calls, trade-related financial flows, net financial position, value-added tax, settlement statements, general idea, characteristics and transmission method of settlement statements sample Documents, cash calls, settlement, default, sample cash call documents, financial Reports), 6 - delivery (balance responsible entity, file characteristics and transmission, imbalance settlement

Monodisperse and hollow structured Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Ln{sup 3+} (Ln = Eu, Dy, Er, Tm) nanospheres: A facile synthesis and multicolor-tunable luminescence properties

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Ruiqing; Zi, Wenwen; Li, Linlin; Liu, Lu; Zhang, Junjun [College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130026 (China); Zou, Lianchun, E-mail: zoulianchun@126.com [Teaching Center of Basic Courses, Jilin University, Changchun 130062 (China); Gan, Shucai, E-mail: gansc@jlu.edu.cn [College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130026 (China)

2014-12-25

Highlights: • We reported a simple route to synthesize the Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} HNSs. • A possible formation mechanism of the Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} HNSs was proposed. • The Ln-doped Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} HNSs exhibit characteristic emission with different colors. • White-light-emitting phosphor Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Tm{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+} was also successfully synthesized. - Abstract: A novel, fast and simple method was developed to synthesize the undoped and lanthanide-doped yttrium oxide hollow nanospheres (Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}⋅HNSs) with multicolored downconversion emission under mild conditions by employing poly (acrylic acid sodium salt) microspheres (PAAS MSs) as active templates followed by a subsequent calcination process. The structure, morphology, formation process, and fluorescent properties are well investigated using various techniques. The results show that the samples can be well indexed to the pure cubic phase of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The possible formation mechanism of the PAAS MSs, PAA-Y precursor, and Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} HNSs are proposed and discussed in detail. Upon ultraviolet excitation, the obtained Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Ln{sup 3+} (Ln = Eu, Dy, Er, Tm) HNSs exhibit strong red, yellow–green, blue, yellow emission, respectively. Moreover, a novel single-phased and near-UV-pumped white-light-emitting phosphor Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Tm{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+} was also successfully fabricated through optimizing the molar ratio among Tm{sup 3+} and Dy{sup 3+} in the Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} host. This material may find potential applications in field-emission display devices and white ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs). Furthermore, this synthesis route may be of great significance in the preparation of other hollow spherical materials.

Genetic characterization and improved genotyping of the dysferlin-deficient mouse strain Dysf (tm1Kcam).

Science.gov (United States)

Wiktorowicz, Tatiana; Kinter, Jochen; Kobuke, Kazuhiro; Campbell, Kevin P; Sinnreich, Michael

2015-01-01

Mouse models of dysferlinopathies are valuable tools with which to investigate the pathomechanisms underlying these diseases and to test novel therapeutic strategies. One such mouse model is the Dysf (tm1Kcam) strain, which was generated using a targeting vector to replace a 12-kb region of the dysferlin gene and which features a progressive muscular dystrophy. A prerequisite for successful animal studies using genetic mouse models is an accurate genotyping protocol. Unfortunately, the lack of robustness of currently available genotyping protocols for the Dysf (tm1Kcam) mouse has prevented efficient colony management. Initial attempts to improve the genotyping protocol based on the published genomic structure failed. These difficulties led us to analyze the targeted locus of the dysferlin gene of the Dysf (tm1Kcam) mouse in greater detail. In this study we resequenced and analyzed the targeted locus of the Dysf (tm1Kcam) mouse and developed a novel PCR protocol for genotyping. We found that instead of a deletion, the dysferlin locus in the Dysf (tm1Kcam) mouse carries a targeted insertion. This genetic characterization enabled us to establish a reliable method for genotyping of the Dysf (tm1Kcam) mouse, and thus has made efficient colony management possible. Our work will make the Dysf (tm1Kcam) mouse model more attractive for animal studies of dysferlinopathies.

SynLam(TM) Primary Mirror Evaluation, Phase I

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Cornerstone Research Group, Inc. (CRG), has developed sandwich core composite material (SynLam(TM)) and related fabrication technology to address the drawbacks of...

Anomalous signature splitting of the πh11/2direct x νi13/2 band in A-160 odd-odd nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Chunxiang; Zhou Hongyu

2003-01-01

Systematic features of anomalous signature splitting of the πh 11/2 direct x νi 13/2 band in A-160 odd-odd nuclei have been investigated. It is shown that the mechanism of anomalous signature splitting is similar to that of the normal signature splitting which is essentially caused by the Coriolis mixing of Ω=1/2 components into the nuclear wavefunction and the anomalous splitting in signature is mainly caused by the definition. The extensively observed anomalous signature splitting in this band might be an indication that the interaction between the h 11/2 proton and the i 13/2 neutron cannot be neglected. The new observation of high- and low-K bands based on the same πh 11/2 direct x νi 13/2 configuration in 164 Tm is also discussed

Photochemical transformation of silver nanoparticles by combining blue and green irradiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cardoso-Avila, P. E.; Pichardo-Molina, J. L., E-mail: jpichardo@cio.mx [Centro de Investigaciones en Optica A.C (Mexico); Krishna, C. Murali [Advanced Center for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Center (TMC) (India); Castro-Beltran, R. [Centro de Investigaciones en Optica A.C (Mexico)

2015-03-15

Spherical silver nanoparticles (diameter 3 nm) were transformed by means of photochemical synthesis using superluminescent LEDs. Flat rounded (21 nm) and decahedral nanoparticles (78 nm) were, respectively, obtained when the colloid was exposed to green and blue radiation. Furthermore, by changing from blue to green radiation at different exposure times, various morphologies and sizes were obtained. Exposure times shorter than 30 min of blue radiation followed by green radiation resulted on different morphologies such as twine rounded (42 nm), flat elongated (peanuts, 17 nm), and flat rounded nanoparticles (11 and 24 nm). Times longer than 45 min produced decahedral nanoparticles with corners ranging from rounded to sharp (size 71–78 nm). Additionally, these results showed that by controlling morphologies and sizes through the combination of blue and green light at different exposure times, it was possible to tune the plasmon band from 511 to 594 nm. Moreover, controlling the morphology of nanoparticles is of prime importance in order to exploit their properties as part of novel emerging technologies.

Simulation study of resonant reflector for S-band BWO

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choyal, Y; Parmar, Nidhi; Saini, Ajay Kumar; Chhotray, S K; Bhat, K S; Kumar, Lalit

2012-01-01

This paper presents the result of simulation studies of resonant reflector used for reflection of backward wave in relativistic BWO. The resonant reflector is modelled and analyzed by CST MWS for TM 01 . A TM 01 mode is fed at the output end of the BWO and signal is observed at the cathode end. Results show that 90 percent of the backward TM 01 wave is get reflected back by the locked TM 02 mode in the resonant reflector.

SYBR safeTM efficiently replaces ethidium bromide in Aspergillus fumigatus gene disruption.

Science.gov (United States)

Canela, H M S; Takami, L A; Ferreira, M E S

2017-02-08

Invasive aspergillosis is a disease responsible for high mortality rates, caused mainly by Aspergillus fumigatus. The available drugs are limited and this disease continues to occur at an unacceptable frequency. Gene disruption is essential in the search for new drug targets. An efficient protocol for A. fumigatus gene disruption was described but it requires ethidium bromide, a genotoxic agent, for DNA staining. Therefore, the present study tested SYBR safe TM , a non-genotoxic DNA stain, in A. fumigatus gene disruption protocol. The chosen gene was cipC, which has already been disrupted successfully in our laboratory. A deletion cassette was constructed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and used in A. fumigatus transformation. There was no statistical difference between the tested DNA stains. The success rate of S. cerevisiae transformation was 63.3% for ethidium bromide and 70% for SYBR safe TM . For A. fumigatus gene disruption, the success rate for ethidium bromide was 100 and 97% for SYBR safe TM . In conclusion, SYBR safe TM efficiently replaced ethidium bromide, making this dye a safe and efficient alternative for DNA staining in A. fumigatus gene disruption.

Numerical analysis of band tails in nanowires and their effects on the performance of tunneling field-effect transistors

Science.gov (United States)

Tanaka, Takahisa; Uchida, Ken

2018-06-01

Band tails in heavily doped semiconductors are one of the important parameters that determine transfer characteristics of tunneling field-effect transistors. In this study, doping concentration and doing profile dependences of band tails in heavily doped Si nanowires were analyzed by a nonequilibrium Green function method. From the calculated band tails, transfer characteristics of nanowire tunnel field-effect transistors were numerically analyzed by Wentzel–Kramer–Brillouin approximation with exponential barriers. The calculated transfer characteristics demonstrate that the band tails induced by dopants degrade the subthreshold slopes of Si nanowires from 5 to 56 mV/dec in the worst case. On the other hand, surface doping leads to a high drain current while maintaining a small subthreshold slope.

Powernext futuresTM front office user's guide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2004-07-01

The introduction of a power exchange in France is a direct response to the opening up of the European electricity markets. Powernext SA is a Multilateral Trading Facility in charge of managing the French power exchange through an optional and anonymous organised exchange offering: - Day-ahead contracts for the management of volume risk on Powernext Day-Ahead TM since 21 November 2001, - Medium term contracts for the management of price risk on Powernext Futures TM since 18 June 2004. This document is the front office user's guide, it presents: the market model (characteristics, regulation, contractual framework), the members (traders, clearers, quotation providers, fees structure), the products (specifications, use, liquidity and market efficiency), the trading system (architecture, hardware and software requirements, installation process and connecting to server), the trading (session, screen, sending an order, order execution). Contracts codifications and a glossary are given in the appendix. (J.S.)

"Supermarket Column Chromatography of Leaf Pigments" Revisited: Simple and Ecofriendly Separation of Plant Carotenoids, Chlorophylls, and Flavonoids from Green and Red Leaves

Science.gov (United States)

Dias, Alice M.; Ferreira, Maria La Salete

2015-01-01

A simple and ecofriendly procedure was developed in order to prepare extracts from red and green leaves. This procedure enables the separation of yellow, green, and red band pigments and optimizes the previously reported baking soda "supermarket column". The same extract also led to a novel and colorful potato starch column, which can…

Chronic exposure to sublethal doses of radiation mimetic ZeocinTM selects for clones deficient in homologous recombination

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Delacote, Fabien; Deriano, Ludovic; Lambert, Sarah; Bertrand, Pascale; Saintigny, Yannick; Lopez, Bernard S.

2007-01-01

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly toxic lesions leading to genome variability/instability. The balance between homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), two alternative DSB repair systems, is essential to ensure genome maintenance in mammalian cells. Here, we transfected CHO hamster cells with the pcDNA TM 3.1/Zeo plasmid, and selected transfectants with Zeocin TM , a bleomycin analog which produces DSBs. Despite the presence of a Zeocin TM resistance gene in pcDNA TM 3.1/Zeo, Zeocin TM induced 8-10 γ-H2AX foci per cell. This shows that the Zeocin TM resistance gene failed to fully detoxify cells treated with Zeocin TM , and that during selection cells were submitted to a chronic sublethal DSB stress. Selected clones show decreases in both spontaneous and induced intrachromosomal HR. In contrast, in an in vitro assay, these clones show an increase in NHEJ products specific to the KU86 pathway. We selected cells, in the absence of pcDNA TM 3.1/Zeo, with low and sublethal doses of Zeocin TM , producing a mean 8-10 γ-H2AX foci per cell. Newly selected clones exhibited similar phenotypes: HR decrease accompanied by an increase in KU86-dependent NHEJ efficiency. Thus chronic exposure to sublethal numbers of DSBs selects cells whose HR versus NHEJ balance is altered. This may well have implications for radio- and chemotherapy, and for management of environmental hazards

Satellite bands of the RbCs molecule in the range of highly excited states

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rakić, Mario; Beuc, Robert; Skenderović, Hrvoje, E-mail: hrvoje@ifs.hr [Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, Zagreb 10000 (Croatia); Bouloufa-Maafa, Nadia; Dulieu, Olivier; Vexiau, Romain [Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 505, Campus d’Orsay, Orsay Cedex 91405 (France); Pichler, Goran [Physics Department, Kuwait University, PO Box 5969, Safat—13060 (Kuwait)

2016-05-28

We report on the observation of three RbCs satellite bands in the blue and green ranges of the visible spectrum. Absorption measurements are performed using all-sapphire cell filled with a mixture of Rb and Cs. We compare high resolution absorption spectrum of Rb-Cs vapor mixture with pure Rb and Cs vapor spectra from the literature. After detailed analysis, the new satellite bands of RbCs molecule at 418.3 nm, 468.3, and 527.5 nm are identified. The origin of these bands is discussed by direct comparison with difference potentials derived from quantum chemistry calculations of RbCs potential energy curves. These bands originate from the lower Rydberg states of the RbCs molecule. This study thus provides further insight into photoassociation of lower Rydberg molecular states, approximately between Cs(7s) + Rb(5s) and Cs(6s) + Rb(6p) asymptotes, in ultracold gases.

Accounting for many-body correlation effects in the calculation of the valence band photoelectron emission spectra of ferromagnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Minar, J.; Chadov, S.; Ebert, H.; Chioncel, L.; Lichtenstein, A.; De Nadai, C.; Brookes, N.B.

2005-01-01

The influence of dynamical correlation effects on the valence band photoelectron emission of ferromagnetic Fe, Co and Ni has been investigated. Angle-resolved as well as angle-integrated valence band photoelectron emission spectra were calculated on the basis of the one-particle Green's function, which was obtained by using the fully relativistic Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method. The correlation effects have been included in terms of the electronic self-energy which was calculated self-consistently within Dynamical Mean-Field Theory (DMFT). In addition a theoretical approach to calculate high-energy angle-resolved valence band photoelectron emission spectra is presented

Synthesis, characterization, and near-infrared luminescent properties of the ternary thulium complex covalently bonded to mesoporous MCM-41

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feng Jing; Song Shuyan; Xing Yan; Zhang Hongjie; Li Zhefeng; Sun Lining; Guo Xianmin; Fan Weiqiang

2009-01-01

The crystal structure of a ternary Tm(DBM) 3 phen complex (DBM=dibenzoylmethane; phen=1, 10-phenanthroline) and the synthesis of hybrid mesoporous material in which the complex covalently bonded to mesoporous MCM-41 are reported. Crystal data: Tm(DBM) 3 phen C 59 H 47 N 2 O 7 Tm, monoclinic, P21/c, a=19.3216(12) A, b=10.6691(7) A, c=23.0165(15) A, α=90 deg., β=91.6330(10) deg., γ=90 deg., V=4742.8(5) A 3 , Z=4. The properties of the Tm(DBM) 3 phen complex and the corresponding hybrid mesoporous material [Tm(DBM) 3 phen-MCM-41] have been studied. The results reveal that the Tm(DBM) 3 phen complex is successfully covalently bonded to MCM-41. Both Tm(DBM) 3 phen complex and Tm(DBM) 3 phen-MCM-41 display typical near-infrared (NIR) luminescence upon excitation at the maximum absorption of the ligands, which contributes to the efficient energy transfer from the ligands to the Tm 3+ ion, an antenna effect. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) centered at 1474 nm in the emission spectrum of Tm(DBM) 3 phen-MCM-41 is 110 nm, which is the potential candidate of broadening amplification band from C band (1530-1560 nm) to S + band (1450-1480 nm) in optical area. - Graphical abstract: The crystal structure of Tm(DBM) 3 phen complex (DBM=dibenzoylmethane; phen=1, 10-phenanthroline). The complex is successfully covalently bonded to MCM-41 (Tm(DBM) 3 phen-MCM-41). After ligand-mediated excitation, the emission spectrum of Tm(DBM) 3 phen-MCM-41 shows the bands 802 and 1474 nm. The FWHM of the 1474-nm band for Tm(DBM) 3 phen-MCM-41 is 110 nm, such a broad spectrum enables a wide gain bandwidth for optical amplification

Origin of green luminescence in ZnO thin film grown by molecular-beam epitaxy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heo, Y.W.; Norton, D.P.; Pearton, S.J.

2005-01-01

The properties of ZnO films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy are reported. The primary focus was on understanding the origin of deep-level luminescence. A shift in deep-level emission from green to yellow is observed with reduced Zn pressure during the growth. Photoluminescence and Hall measurements were employed to study correlations between deep-level/near-band-edge emission and carrier density. With these results, we suggest that the green emission is related to donor-deep acceptor (Zn vacancy V Zn - ) and the yellow to donor-deep acceptor (oxygen vacancy, O i - )

Everything you need to know to operate on Day-AheadTM

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2005-05-01

The introduction of a power exchange in France is a direct response to the opening up of the European electricity markets. Powernext SA is a Multilateral Trading Facility in charge of managing the French power exchange through an optional and anonymous organised exchange offering: - Day-ahead contracts for the management of volume risk on Powernext Day-Ahead TM since 21 November 2001, - Medium term contracts for the management of price risk on Powernext Futures TM since 18 June 2004. This document is the user's guide of Powernext Day-Ahead TM . It presents: 1 - the power exchange in France (market model, Powernext's regulatory environment, general market operations, 2 - Powernext Day-Ahead TM members (membership, agreement, start-up notification, tariffs, standing obligations, membership termination), 3 - Powernext Day-Ahead TM products (specifications, management), 4 - trading (connections, system flow chart, ElWeb client installation and daily connections, portfolio-management, single bidding, type of order, submitting, importing, saving, sending, modifying or canceling an order form, transmission problems, block bidding block bid characteristics, sending, saving, transmitting, modifying and canceling a block bid, price calculations, blind auction procedure, example, taking into account block bids, rounding off rules, consulting and saving the results, sample documents, auction validation), 5 - clearing (LCH.Clearnet SA, legal framework, clearing agreement, PP-DPES agreement, market security, initial margin, daily adjustments, additional margin calls, trade-related financial flows, net financial position, value-added tax, settlement statements, general idea, characteristics and transmission method of settlement statements sample Documents, cash calls, settlement, default, sample cash call documents, financial Reports), 6 - delivery (balance responsible entity, file characteristics and transmission, imbalance settlement, interconnection access), contacts and

Detection of soil erosion within pinyon-juniper woodlands using Thematic Mapper (TM) data

Science.gov (United States)

Price, Kevin P.

1993-01-01

Multispectral measurements collected by Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) were correlated with field measurements, direct soil loss estimates, and Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) estimates to determine the sensitivity of TM data to varying degrees of soil erosion in pinyon-juniper woodland in central Utah. TM data were also evaluated as a predictor of the USLE Crop Management C factor for pinyon-juniper woodlands. TM spectral data were consistently better predictors of soil erosion factors than any combination of field factors. TM data were more sensitive to vegetation variations than the USLE C factor. USLE estimates showed low annual rates of erosion which varied little among the study sites. Direct measurements of rate of soil loss using the SEDIMENT (Soil Erosion DIrect measureMENT) technique, indicated high and varying rates of soil loss among the sites since tree establishment. Erosion estimates from the USLE and SEDIMENT methods suggest that erosion rates have been severe in the past, but because significant amounts of soil have already been eroded, and the surface is now armored by rock debris, present erosion rates are lower. Indicators of accelerated erosion were still present on all sites, however, suggesting that the USLE underestimated erosion within the study area.

Magnetic order and crystal fields in the Pnma phases of Tm2BaTO5(T=Co and Ni)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harker, S.J.; Stewart, G.A.

2000-01-01

The magnetic ordering and crystal field interactions of the Pnma phases of both Tm 2 BaCoO 5 and Tm 2 BaNiO 5 are investigated by 169 Tm Moessbauer spectroscopy and the temperature-dependent hyperfine interactions are compared with those obtained elsewhere for Tm 2 BaCuO 5 . The Pnma phases are shown to order magnetically at temperatures of 3.5(2) K (Tm 2 BaCoO 5 ) and 4.85(5) K (Tm 2 BaNiO 5 ), the order being induced by the transition metal. For Tm 2 BaNiO 5 an additional first-order transition observed at T≤1.4 K is identified with the independent magnetic order of the thulium sub-lattice. (orig.)

Residential Air Pollution, Road Traffic, Greenness and Maternal Hypertension: Results from GINIplus and LISAplus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario Jendrossek

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Background: The public health burden of hypertension is high, but its relationship with long-term residential air pollution, road traffic, and greenness remains unclear. Objective: To investigate associations between residential air pollution, traffic, greenness, and hypertension among mothers. Methods: Information on doctor-diagnosed maternal hypertension was collected at the 15-year follow-up of two large population-based multicenter German birth cohorts—GINIplus and LISAplus (n=3063. Residential air pollution was modelled by land use regression models within the ESCAPE and universal kriging within the APMoSPHERE projects. Road traffic was defined as traffic load on major roads within a 100-m buffer around residences. Vegetation level (ie, greenness was defined as the mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in a 500-m buffer around residences and was assessed from Landsat 5 TM satellite images. All the exposure variables were averaged over three residential addresses during the last 10 years and categorized into tertiles or dichotomized. The individual associations between each of the exposure variables and hypertension were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results: No significant and consistent associations across different levels of adjustment were observed between the exposures of interest and hypertension. The only significant estimate was found with coarse particulate matter concentrations (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.74; 3rd vs 1st tertile among mothers residing in the Wesel area. No significant associations were observed with traffic load or greenness. Conclusion: This study does not provide evidence on detrimental effects of air pollution and road traffic or beneficial effects of greenness on hypertension among German adults.

Structural, photoluminescence and XPS properties of Tm3þ ions in ZnO nanostructures

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Kabongo, GL

2017-07-01

Full Text Available of photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Finally, Tm 4d core level was detected in ZnO: 0.5 mol% Tm(sup3+) sample from high resolution X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) scan....

Customers’ Intention to Use Green Products: the Impact of Green Brand Dimensions and Green Perceived Value

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Doszhanov Aibek

2015-01-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to identify the relationships between green brand dimension (green brand awareness, green brand image, and green brand trust, green perceived value and customer’s intention to use green products. Data was collected through structured survey questionnaire from 384 customers of three hypermarkets in Kuala-Lumpur. Data was analyzed based on multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that there are significant relationships between green brand awareness, green brand trust, green perceived value, and customer’s intention to use green products. However, green brand image was not found to have significant relationship with customer’s intention to use green products. The discussion presented suggestions for marketers and researchers interested in green branding.

Diode-pumped mode-locked femtosecond Tm:CLNGG disordered crystal laser.

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, J; Xie, G Q; Gao, W L; Yuan, P; Qian, L J; Yu, H H; Zhang, H J; Wang, J Y

2012-04-15

A diode-end-pumped passively mode-locked femtosecond Tm-doped calcium lithium niobium gallium garnet (Tm:CLNGG) disordered crystal laser was demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge. With a 790 nm laser diode pumping, stable CW mode-locking operation was obtained by using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. The disordered crystal laser generated mode-locked pulses as short as 479 fs, with an average output power of 288 mW, and repetition rate of 99 MHz in 2 μm spectral region. © 2012 Optical Society of America

Comparative study of diode-pumping self-injection and injection-locking Tm:YAG lasers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu, C T; Chen, F; Ju, Y L; Wang, Y Z

2013-01-01

A comparative study of the laser characteristics of self-injection and injection-locking Tm:YAG lasers is given in this paper. At a pump energy of 145 mJ and Q-switched repetition rate of 100 Hz, an output energy of 2.39 mJ was obtained for an injection-locking Tm:YAG laser, with a pulse width of 403.2 ns and a pulse building-up time of 2.12 μs. Under the same conditions, the output energy, pulse width and pulse build-up time for a self-injection Tm:YAG laser were 2.21 mJ, 407.0 ns and 3.95 μs, respectively. The threshold of the Q-switched injection-locking Tm:YAG laser was much lower than that of the self-injection laser, and the pulse width was narrower and the pulse build-up time shorter. Additionally, the output spectrum was much purer for the injection-locking laser. (paper)

75 FR 2129 - Lock+TM

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-14

... Hydro Friends Fund XXX, LLC filed an application, pursuant to Section 4(f) of the Federal Power Act, proposing to study the feasibility of Project Green Dream (Project No. 13625), to be located at the New... Dam are owned and operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Project Green Dream would include new...

The Influence of Proactive Green Innovation and Reactive Green Innovation on Green Product Development Performance: The Mediation Role of Green Creativity

OpenAIRE

Yu-Shan Chen; Tai-Wei Chang; Chun-Yu Lin; Pi-Yu Lai; Kuan-Hung Wang

2016-01-01

This study fills the research gap in the exploration of the relationships between both proactive and reactive green innovations and green product development performance, and examines the mediating effect of green creativity. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is utilized to test the hypotheses. From the sample of 146 valid respondents, the results show that proactive green innovation positively affects green creativity and green product development performance, and green creativity positivel...

Optical transitions of Tm3+ in oxyfluoride glasses and compositional and thermal effect on upconversion luminescence of Tm3+/Yb3+-codoped oxyfluoride glasses.

Science.gov (United States)

Feng, Li; Wu, Yinsu; Liu, Zhuo; Guo, Tao

2014-01-24

Optical properties of Tm(3+)-doped SiO2-BaF2-ZnF2 glasses have been investigated on the basis of the Judd-Ofelt theory. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters, radiative transition probabilities, fluorescence branching ratios and radiative lifetimes have been calculated for different glass compositions. Upconversion emissions were observed in Tm(3+)/Yb(3+)-codoped SiO2-BaF2-ZnF2 glasses under 980 nm excitation. The effects of composition, concentration of the doping ions, temperature, and excitation pump power on the upconversion emissions were also systematically studied. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Simple countermeasures against the TM110-beam-blowup-mode in biperiodic structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Euteneuer, H.; Herminghaus, H.; Schoeler, H.

1984-01-01

The two fundamental methods of fighting beam blow-up in rf-accelerating-structures are staggered detuning and selective Q-spoiling of their higher order modes. Biperiodic structures offer a very simple way of applying the latter technique of the most dangerous TM 110 -like blowup mode at 1.7 times the accelerating frequency: letting this mode propagate but giving a large gap to the TM 110 -passband. This gap must be positive for electric coupling (f(phi=0) =1.7c. With asymmetric coupling elements between the cavities of a structure, one has a simple tool for staggered detuning: a change of the relative orientation of these elements spreads the resonance frequencies not only of the TM 110 -mode, but of at least all dipole modes. (orig.)

The SmpB C-terminal tail helps tmRNA to recognize and enter stalled ribosomes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mickey R. Miller

2014-09-01

Full Text Available In bacteria, transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA and SmpB comprise the most common and effective system for rescuing stalled ribosomes. Ribosomes stall on mRNA transcripts lacking stop codons and are rescued as the defective mRNA is swapped for the tmRNA template in a process known as trans-translation. The tmRNA–SmpB complex is recruited to the ribosome independent of a codon–anticodon interaction. Given that the ribosome uses robust discriminatory mechanisms to select against non-cognate tRNAs during canonical decoding, it has been hard to explain how this can happen. Recent structural and biochemical studies show that SmpB licenses tmRNA entry through its interactions with the decoding center and mRNA channel. In particular, the C-terminal tail of SmpB promotes both EFTu activation and accommodation of tmRNA, the former through interactions with 16S rRNA nucleotide G530 and the latter through interactions with the mRNA channel downstream of the A site. Here we present a detailed model of the earliest steps in trans-translation, and in light of these mechanistic considerations, revisit the question of how tmRNA preferentially reacts with stalled, non-translating ribosomes.

Use of the Pipe ExplorerTM System to Deploy a Custom Gamma Tool in the Laterals Beneath High Level Waste Tanks in the 'A' and 'SX' Tank Farms, US DOE Hanford Site

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kendrick, D.T.; Price, R.K.; Randall, R.R.; Myers, D.A.

2006-01-01

The 'laterals' are 3-inch tubing installed beneath single shell high level waste tanks in the 'A' and 'SX' Tank Farms at the US DOE Hanford Site during the late 1950's as part of a multifaceted leak detection system. A pneumatic deployment/wire line retrieval system was originally used to deploy two different custom Geiger-Muller detectors (a 'RED GM' and a 'GREEN GM') into the laterals for the purposes of characterizing activity levels in the soils beneath the waste tanks. Logging of the laterals was carried out from the mid 1970's through the early 1990's, when the activity was suspended. In support of the on-going vadose zone characterization efforts in the tank farms, CH2M Hill Hanford Group Inc. contracted with Apogen Technologies to utilize the Pipe Explorer TM system to deploy a custom gamma tool designed by Three Rivers Scientific and operated by Pacific Northwest Geophysics into selected laterals in the 'A' and 'SX' tank farms. The Pipe Explorer TM System is a unique deployment tool that utilizes a patented inverting membrane technology to deploy various detectors into piping, duct and drain lines. The conventional Pipe Explorer TM system was modified to interface with the PNG tool cabling and winch system that is typically used in bore hole applications. The gamma tool is comprised of three different detector systems, each with a different sensitivity. The most sensitive detector is a sodium iodide spectral gamma detector utilizing an on-board multi-channel analyzer. This detector is sensitive enough to measure the natural background radioactivity in these soils. Two additional Geiger-Muller gamma ray detectors complete the detector complement of the tool. These were designed with sensitivities similar to the historically used 'Green' and 'Red' GM detectors. The detectors were calibrated for Cs-137 concentration in the formation, and incorporated a correction for gamma ray attenuation due to the steel pipe of the lateral. The calibrations are traceable to

High accuracy line positions of the ν1 fundamental band of 14N216O

Science.gov (United States)

AlSaif, Bidoor; Lamperti, Marco; Gatti, Davide; Laporta, Paolo; Fermann, Martin; Farooq, Aamir; Lyulin, Oleg; Campargue, Alain; Marangoni, Marco

2018-05-01

The ν1 fundamental band of N2O is examined by a novel spectrometer that relies on the frequency locking of an external-cavity quantum cascade laser around 7.8 μm to a near-infrared Tm:based frequency comb at 1.9 μm. Due to the large tunability, nearly 70 lines in the 1240-1310 cm-1 range of the ν1 band of N2O, from P(40) to R(31), are for the first time measured with an absolute frequency calibration and an uncertainty from 62 to 180 kHz, depending on the line. Accurate values of the spectroscopic constants of the upper state are derived from a fit of the line centers (rms ≈ 4.8 × 10-6 cm-1 or 144 kHz). The ν1 transitions presently measured in a Doppler regime validate high accuracy predictions based on sub-Doppler measurements of the ν3 and ν3-ν1 transitions.

Got Rhythm? Get RockBand[TM]!

Science.gov (United States)

Nardo, Rachel

2010-01-01

According to a 2009 report by the Entertainment Software Association (ESA), at least 68% of American households now play video games, and half the parents in America now play video games with their children. Grandparents are in on the action, as well. In addition, nursing homes and senior centers are now incorporating video games into their…

Evaluation of authenticity and green tea antimicrobial activity of different commercial brands that are sold in San Jose, Costa Rica

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alvarez Campos, Jeyson

2014-01-01

Various brands of green tea are compared with the leaves of camellia sinensis to verify the antimicrobial effect, authenticity and quality. The main components with antibacterial effect commercially presented are compared to the components present in green tea leaf to determine the quality and authenticity, by thin layer chromatography. The brands marketed studied green tea in the metropolitan area of San Jose, Costa Rica has been really green tea good quality, this can be ensured by the findings in the analysis and comparison of the different profiles of flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids and amino acids. The antimicrobial activity has been without to confirmed in the bands of catechins analyzed [es

Nanolines of transition metals ruled by grain boundaries in graphene: An ab initio study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lima, F.D.C. de, E-mail: felipe.lima@ufu.br; Miwa, R.H., E-mail: hiroki@infis.ufu.br

2017-06-15

We have performed an ab initio investigation of the energetic stability, and the electronic properties of transition metals (TMs = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ru) adsorbed on graphene, upon the presence of grain boundaries (GBs); where we found an energetic preference for the TMs lying on the GB sites (TM/GB). Further energy barrier calculations, of the transition metals in TM/GB, reveal that the GBs promote the formation of energetically favorable diffusion channels on graphene. By increasing the concentration of the TM adatoms, the energetic stability of the TM/GB systems has been strengthened; giving rise to TM nanolines (TM-NLs). The electronic properties of those TM-NLs were characterized through extensive electronic band structure calculations, where the energy bands of the TM/GB systems indicate the appearance of an anisotropic spin-polarized electronic current along the TM-NLs on graphene. - Highlights: • Formation of transition metal (TM) nanolines on graphene ruled by extended defects. • Those extended defects give rise to diffusion pipes of TMs on graphene. • The electronic band structure calculations indicate the formation of spin-polarized current upon the presence of TM nanolines. • The formation of those TM nanolines support the recent experimental findings.

Metaphysical green

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Earon, Ofri

2011-01-01

to adapt to urban environment. It explores the potential of Sensation of Green in the city. The paper questions whether the Sensation of Green could introduce a new spectrum of greens, beside the real green. It develops the term of metaphysical green – does green have to be green or can it be only...

Design of ultra compact polarization splitter based on complete photonic band gap

Science.gov (United States)

Sinha, R. K.; Nagpal, Yogita

2005-11-01

Certain select structures in photonic crystals (PhCs) exhibit complete photonic band gap i.e. a frequency region where the photonic band gaps for both polarizations (i.e. transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes) exist and overlap. One of the most fundamental applications of the photonic band gap structures is the design of photonic crystal waveguides, which can be made by inserting linear defects in the photonic crystal structures. By setting closely two parallel 2D PhC waveguides, a directional waveguide coupler can be designed, which can be used to design a polarization splitter. In this paper we design a polarization splitter in a photonic crystal structure composed of two dimensional honeycomb pattern of dielectric rods in air. This photonic crystal structure exhibits a complete photonic band gap that extends from λ = 1.49 μm to λ = 1.61 μm, where lambda is the wavelength in free space, providing a large bandwidth of 120 nm. A polarization splitter can be made by designing a polarization selective coupler. The coupling lengths at various wavelengths for both polarizations have been calculated using the Finite Difference Time Domain method. It has been shown that the coupling length, for TE polarization is much smaller as compared to that for the TM polarization. This principle is used to design a polarization splitter of length 32 μm at λ = 1.55 μm. Further, the spectral response of the extinction ratios for both polarizations in the two waveguides at propagation distance of 32 μm has been studied.

Electron correlations in narrow energy bands: modified polar model approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. Didukh

2008-09-01

Full Text Available The electron correlations in narrow energy bands are examined within the framework of the modified form of polar model. This model permits to analyze the effect of strong Coulomb correlation, inter-atomic exchange and correlated hopping of electrons and explain some peculiarities of the properties of narrow-band materials, namely the metal-insulator transition with an increase of temperature, nonlinear concentration dependence of Curie temperature and peculiarities of transport properties of electronic subsystem. Using a variant of generalized Hartree-Fock approximation, the single-electron Green's function and quasi-particle energy spectrum of the model are calculated. Metal-insulator transition with the change of temperature is investigated in a system with correlated hopping. Processes of ferromagnetic ordering stabilization in the system with various forms of electronic DOS are studied. The static conductivity and effective spin-dependent masses of current carriers are calculated as a function of electron concentration at various DOS forms. The correlated hopping is shown to cause the electron-hole asymmetry of transport and ferromagnetic properties of narrow band materials.

Chitosan/CNTs green nanocomposite membrane: Synthesis, swelling and polyaromatic hydrocarbons removal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bibi, Saira; Yasin, Tariq; Hassan, Safia; Riaz, Muhammad; Nawaz, Mohsan

2015-01-01

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were irradiated in air at 100 kGy under gamma radiations. The Raman spectroscopy of γ-treated CNTs showed distinctive changes in the absorption bands. The CNTs were mixed with blend of chitosan (Cs)/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and crosslinked with silane. The chemical reactions between the components affected the position and intensities of the infrared bands. Scanning electron micrograph of Cs/CNTs nanocomposite membrane showed the homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in the polymer matrix. The addition of CNTs lowered its swelling in water. Naphthalene (NAPH) was selected as a model compound and its removal was studied using HPLC technique. This membrane showed fast uptake of NAPH and 87% was removed from water within 30 min. The NAPH loaded membrane showed strong chemical interactions and cannot be desorbed. The fast uptake of PAHs and the green nature of this membrane made them suitable candidates for clean-up purposes. - Highlights: • Radiation modified CNTs and chitosan gave nanocomposite membranes. • This membrane showed hydrogel properties. • This membrane was used for the removal of naphthalene. • The green nature made them suitable candidates for clean-up purposes of PAH

Optical image modulation above the submarine bottom topography: a case study on the Taiwan Banks, China

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Yan; Hu, Jianyu; Li, Jing; Fu, Bin; Ma, Liming

2003-05-01

A possible mechanism to explain the correlation between submarine topography and the direct sunlight specially reflected from the sea surface with variable roughness caused by the bottom-current effect was suggested fifteen years ago by Henning et al. in International Journal of Remote Sensing, 9, 45-67, after comparing radar satellite image and Skylab satellite photograph of the North American east coast (Nantucket Shoals) with submarine relief features. A case study is carried out in the famous sand waves field located at the Taiwan banks of Taiwan Strait in August 1998. The TM images, either visible bands (TM1, TM2, TM3) or near infrared bands (TM4, TM5, TM7), shows submarine relief features for sand waves, with wavelength of 300 to 2000 meters, riding on the lager scale sand ridges and channel system. Sea truth data including 660 nm beam attenuation coefficient profiles were conducted in the same period. We compare signals of TM images, attenuation coefficient profiles, and sounding maps of the Taiwan Bands. The subsurface upwelling signals with contributions of the water column and the bottom, either estimated by single or quasi-single-scattering theory or revealed by the TM images after removing the contribution of direct sunlight reflected signals from sea surface, were too weak to distinguish the ridges and troughs of bedforms especially for red and near infrared bands. However, the direct sunlight specially reflected signals from the sea surface, approximately at same level in water-leaving reflectance not only for visible bands (TM1, TM2, TM3) but also for near infrared bands (TM4, TM5, TM7), was the major submarine bottom topography signals especially for those pixels towards the direction of the sun azimuth. Following a physical description for the lee waves appeared on free surface when the current flows round an underwater obstacle, the direct sunlight reflected signals related wave face slope, is dominated by the height and depth of sand waves and

77 FR 69548 - Price for the 2012 Limited Edition Silver Proof SetTM

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-19

... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY United States Mint Price for the 2012 Limited Edition Silver Proof Set TM AGENCY: United States Mint, Department of the Treasury. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The United States Mint is announcing a price of $149.95 for the 2012 Limited Edition Silver Proof Set TM . FOR FURTHER...

A tm Plug-In for Distributed Text Mining in R

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefan Theussl

2012-11-01

Full Text Available R has gained explicit text mining support with the tm package enabling statisticians to answer many interesting research questions via statistical analysis or modeling of (text corpora. However, we typically face two challenges when analyzing large corpora: (1 the amount of data to be processed in a single machine is usually limited by the available main memory (i.e., RAM, and (2 the more data to be analyzed the higher the need for efficient procedures for calculating valuable results. Fortunately, adequate programming models like MapReduce facilitate parallelization of text mining tasks and allow for processing data sets beyond what would fit into memory by using a distributed file system possibly spanning over several machines, e.g., in a cluster of workstations. In this paper we present a plug-in package to tm called tm.plugin.dc implementing a distributed corpus class which can take advantage of the Hadoop MapReduce library for large scale text mining tasks. We show on the basis of an application in culturomics that we can efficiently handle data sets of significant size.

The cytoskeletal binding domain of band 3 is required for multiprotein complex formation and retention during erythropoiesis

Science.gov (United States)

Satchwell, Timothy J; Hawley, Bethan R; Bell, Amanda J; Ribeiro, M. Leticia; Toye, Ashley M

2015-01-01

Band 3 is the most abundant protein in the erythrocyte membrane and forms the core of a major multiprotein complex. The absence of band 3 in human erythrocytes has only been reported once, in the homozygous band 3 Coimbra patient. We used in vitro culture of erythroblasts derived from this patient, and separately short hairpin RNA-mediated depletion of band 3, to investigate the development of a band 3-deficient erythrocyte membrane and to specifically assess the stability and retention of band 3 dependent proteins in the absence of this core protein during terminal erythroid differentiation. Further, using lentiviral transduction of N-terminally green fluorescent protein-tagged band 3, we demonstrated the ability to restore expression of band 3 to normal levels and to rescue secondary deficiencies of key proteins including glycophorin A, protein 4.2, CD47 and Rh proteins arising from the absence of band 3 in this patient. By transducing band 3-deficient erythroblasts from this patient with band 3 mutants with absent or impaired ability to associate with the cytoskeleton we also demonstrated the importance of cytoskeletal connectivity for retention both of band 3 and of its associated dependent proteins within the reticulocyte membrane during the process of erythroblast enucleation. PMID:25344524

Luminescence properties of Yb:Nd:Tm:KY{sub 3}F{sub 10} nanophosphor and thermal treatment effects

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gomes, Laércio, E-mail: lgomes@ipen.br [Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Butantã, P.O. Box 11049, São Paulo, SP o5422-970 (Brazil); Linhares, Horácio Marconi da Silva M.D. [Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Butantã, P.O. Box 11049, São Paulo, SP o5422-970 (Brazil); Ichikawa, Rodrigo Uchida; Martinez, Luis Gallego [Departamento de Ciências dos Materiais, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (Brazil); Ranieri, Izilda Marcia [Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Butantã, P.O. Box 11049, São Paulo, SP o5422-970 (Brazil)

2015-01-15

In this work, we present the spectroscopic properties of KY{sub 3}F{sub 10} (KY3F) nanocrystals activated with thulium and codoped with ytterbium and neodymium ions. The most important processes that lead to the thulium upconversion emissions in the blue region were identified. A time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy technique was employed to measure the luminescence decays and to determine the most important mechanisms involved in the upconversion process that populates {sup 1}G{sub 4} (Tm{sup 3+}) excited states. Analysis of the energy-transfer processes dynamics using selective pulsed-laser excitations in Yb:Nd:Tm, Nd:KY3F nanocrystals shows that the direct energy transfer from Nd{sup 3+} to Tm{sup 3+} ions is the mechanism responsible for the 78% of the blue upconversion luminescence in the Yb:Nd:Tm:KY3F when compared with the Yb:Nd:Tm:KY3F bulk crystal for an laser excitation at 802 nm. An investigation of the {sup 1}G{sub 4} level luminescence kinetic of Tm{sup 3+} in Yb/Nd/Tm system revealed that the luminescence efficiency ({sup 1}G{sub 4}) starts with a very low value (0.38%) for the synthesized nanocrystal (as grown) and strongly increases to 97% after thermal treatment at 550 °C for 6 h under argon flow. As a consequence of the thermal treatment at T=550 °C, the contributions of the (Nd×Tm) (Up{sub 1}) and (Nd×Yb×Tm) (Up{sub 2}) upconversion processes to the {sup 1}G{sub 4} luminescence are 33% (Up{sub 1}) and 67% for Up{sub 2}. Up{sub 2} process represented by Nd{sup 3+} ({sup 4}F{sub 3/2})→Yb{sup 3+} ({sup 2}F{sub 7/2}) followed by Yb{sup 3+} ({sup 2}F{sub 5/2})→Tm ({sup 3}H{sub 4})→Tm{sup 3+} ({sup 1}G{sub 4}) was previously reported as the main mechanism to produce the blue luminescence in Yb:Nd:Tm:YLiF{sub 4} and KY{sub 3}F{sub 10} bulk crystals. Results of X-ray diffraction analysis of nanopowder using the Rietveld method reveled that crystallite sizes remain unchanged (12–14 nm) after thermal treatments with T≤400 °C, while the

FLOQSwabTM: optimisation of procedures for the recovery of microbiological samples from surfaces

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guido Finazzi

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The FLOQSwabTM is a specimen collection device worldwide recognised for its superior performance in the clinical diagnostics. The aim of this work was to evaluate FLOQSwabTM for the recovery of microbiological samples from surfaces compared to the traditional swab (rayon tipped swab as per ISO 18593:2004 standard. The FLOQSwabTM, thanks to its innovative manufacturing technology, allows improving the efficiency of recovery and release of analyte. The study has been divided into two experiments. In the first experiment the two swabs were evaluated for their capacity to recover and release the analyte (three different bacterial loads of Escherichia coli. In the second experiment, the two swabs were evaluated for their capacity to recover three different bacterial loads of E. coli from two different surface materials (stainless steel and polypropylene. In all experiments the flocked swab demonstrated a higher recovery rate compared to the traditional rayon tipped swab. The data obtained from this preliminary study demonstrated that the FLOQSwabTM could be a good food surfaces collection device, which improves the recovery of the analyte and thus produces accurate results. Based on the outcomes of the study, a larger field study is in progress using the FLOQSwabTM for samples collection to improve both environmental monitoring and the efficacy of the hygiene controls for food safety.

Theoretical investigation of electronic, magnetic and optical properties of ZnSe doped TM and co-doped with MnTM (TM: Fe, Cr, Co): AB-initio study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Behloul, M. [LMPHE (URAC 12), Departement of Physique, B.P. 1014, Faculty of Science, University Mohammed V, Rabat (Morocco); Salmani, E., E-mail: elmehdisalmani@gmail.com [LMPHE (URAC 12), Departement of Physique, B.P. 1014, Faculty of Science, University Mohammed V, Rabat (Morocco); Ez-Zahraouy, H. [LMPHE (URAC 12), Departement of Physique, B.P. 1014, Faculty of Science, University Mohammed V, Rabat (Morocco); Benyoussef, A. [LMPHE (URAC 12), Departement of Physique, B.P. 1014, Faculty of Science, University Mohammed V, Rabat (Morocco); The Institute for Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, MAScIR (Moroccan Fondation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research), Rabat (Morocco)

2016-12-01

Based upon the first principal spin density functional calculation, the electronic, magnetic and optical properties of ZnTMSe and ZnMnTMSe where TM=Fe, Cr, Co are studied using the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA) method within the local density (LDA)and the self-interaction-corrected(SIC) approximation. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of different type of dopant and concentration on ferromagnetic and half metallic behavior of ZnSe. Therefore the magnetic disorder local moment (DLM) and the ferromagnetic state are investigated for different concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cr and Co; also the advantages of co-doped ZnSe with TM elements, behavior at room temperature are discussed. The electronic structure and optical properties are studied employing the local density (LDA) and the self-interaction-corrected (SIC) approximation. Moreover, the X-ray spectra modeling are in good agreement with the electronic and magnetic properties results. - Highlights: • The magnetic properties of ZnSe codoped with MnY(Y: Fe, Cr, Co) has been investigated. • The half-metallic appears in ZnSe codoped with impurities at low concentration. • The advantages of codoped ZnSe with impurities at room temperature are discussed.

76 FR 15047 - Pricing for 2010 United States Mint America the Beautiful Quarters Silver Proof SetTM

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-18

... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY United States Mint Pricing for 2010 United States Mint America the Beautiful Quarters Silver Proof Set\\TM\\, etc. ACTION: Pricing for 2010 United States Mint America the Beautiful Quarters Silver Proof Set TM ; 2010 United States Mint Silver Proof Set TM ; 2011 United States...

Electrochemical study of Tm (III) ions on W and oxo acidity reactions in the LiCI-KCI eutectic; Estudio electroquimico de disoluciones de Tm (III) sobre W y reacciones de oxoacidez en el eutectico LiCI.-KCl

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fernandez Requejo, P.

2010-07-01

Study of the electrochemical behaviour of Tm (III) dissolutions in the LiCI-KCI eutectic mixture using inert electrodes (W) and reagent electrodes (Al). On W, TM (III) ions are reduced in two consecutives stages sufficiently separated. The TM electro-reduction on Al makes room for the formation of intermetallic compounds so the use of an Ai electrode is appropriate to decontamination operations.

The influence of band Jahn-Teller effect and magnetic order on the magneto-resistance in manganite systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rout, G.C., E-mail: gcr@iopb.res.i [Condensed Matter Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics and Ballistics, F.M. University, Balasore, Orissa 756019 (India); Parhi, Nilima [Department of Physics, M.P.C. (Autonomous) College, Baripada, Orissa 757001 (India); Behera, S.N. [Institute of Material Science, Bhubaneswar 751004 (India)

2009-08-01

A model calculation is presented in order to study the magneto-resistivity through the interplay between magnetic and structural transitions for the manganite systems. The model consists of an orbitally doubly degenerate conduction band and a periodic array of local moments of the t{sub 2g} electrons. The band electrons interact with the local t{sub 2g} electrons via the s-f hybridization. The phonons interact with the band electrons through static and dynamic band Jahn-Teller (J-T) interaction. The model Hamiltonian including the above terms is solved for the single particle Green's functions and the imaginary part of the self-energy gives the electron relaxation time. Thus the magneto-resistivity (MR) is calculated from the Drude formula. The MR effect is explained near the magnetic and structural transition temperatures.

tmBioC: improving interoperability of text-mining tools with BioC.

Science.gov (United States)

Khare, Ritu; Wei, Chih-Hsuan; Mao, Yuqing; Leaman, Robert; Lu, Zhiyong

2014-01-01

The lack of interoperability among biomedical text-mining tools is a major bottleneck in creating more complex applications. Despite the availability of numerous methods and techniques for various text-mining tasks, combining different tools requires substantial efforts and time owing to heterogeneity and variety in data formats. In response, BioC is a recent proposal that offers a minimalistic approach to tool interoperability by stipulating minimal changes to existing tools and applications. BioC is a family of XML formats that define how to present text documents and annotations, and also provides easy-to-use functions to read/write documents in the BioC format. In this study, we introduce our text-mining toolkit, which is designed to perform several challenging and significant tasks in the biomedical domain, and repackage the toolkit into BioC to enhance its interoperability. Our toolkit consists of six state-of-the-art tools for named-entity recognition, normalization and annotation (PubTator) of genes (GenNorm), diseases (DNorm), mutations (tmVar), species (SR4GN) and chemicals (tmChem). Although developed within the same group, each tool is designed to process input articles and output annotations in a different format. We modify these tools and enable them to read/write data in the proposed BioC format. We find that, using the BioC family of formats and functions, only minimal changes were required to build the newer versions of the tools. The resulting BioC wrapped toolkit, which we have named tmBioC, consists of our tools in BioC, an annotated full-text corpus in BioC, and a format detection and conversion tool. Furthermore, through participation in the 2013 BioCreative IV Interoperability Track, we empirically demonstrate that the tools in tmBioC can be more efficiently integrated with each other as well as with external tools: Our experimental results show that using BioC reduces >60% in lines of code for text-mining tool integration. The tmBioC toolkit

High-efficiency 2 μm Tm-doped fiber laser

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dvornikov, D.

2013-01-01

Full text: Tm doped fiber laser operating in so called 'eye safe' wavelength region and designed in a MOPA configuration has been demonstrated. Large-mode-area fiber design and availability of high-brightness, high-power pump diodes at 795 nm made possible maximum output power of 25 W achieved at incident pump power of 72 W resulting in optical conversion efficiency about 35%. An important factor that led to an interest in 2 μm Tm-doped lasers is significantly broader spectral tunability of Tm-doped fibers compared to Yb-doped fibers, spanning wavelengths from below 1850 nm to beyond 2100 nm, corresponding to more than 200 nm of available bandwidth. This wavelength region covers the water absorption peaks around 1940 nm, making these lasers a valuable tool for precise medical procedures including noninvasive surgery, as well as several atmospheric transmission windows that are useful for remote sensing, laser radar and range-finding. This work was carried out as part of the EU funded Joint Operational Programme 'Black Sea Basin 2007-2013' and project 2.2.1.74459.339, MIS-ETC 1443 'Research networking for the environmental monitoring and mitigation of adverse ecological effects in the Black Sea Basin (BSB Net-Eco)'.

Regional analysis of tertiary volcanic Calderas (western U.S.) using Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery

Science.gov (United States)

Spatz, David M.; Taranik, James V.

1989-01-01

The Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery of the Basin and Range province of southern Nevada was analyzed to identify and map volcanic rock assemblages at three Tertiary calderas. It was found that the longer-wavelength visible and the NIR TM Bands 3, 5, and 7 provide more effective lithologic discrimination than the shorter-wavelength bands, due partly to deeper penetration of the longer-wavelength bands, resulting in more lithologically driven radiances. Shorter-wavelength TM Bands 1 and 2 are affected more by surficial weathering products including desert varnish which may or may not provide an indirect link to lithologic identity. Guidelines for lithologic analysis of volcanic terrains using Landsat TM imagery are outlined.

Terahertz Magnon-Polaritons in TmFeO3.

Science.gov (United States)

Grishunin, Kirill; Huisman, Thomas; Li, Guanqiao; Mishina, Elena; Rasing, Theo; Kimel, Alexey V; Zhang, Kailing; Jin, Zuanming; Cao, Shixun; Ren, Wei; Ma, Guo-Hong; Mikhaylovskiy, Rostislav V

2018-04-18

Magnon-polaritons are shown to play a dominant role in the propagation of terahertz (THz) waves through TmFeO 3 orthoferrite, if the frequencies of the waves are in the vicinity of the quasi-antiferromagnetic spin resonance mode. Both time-domain THz transmission and emission spectroscopies reveal clear beatings between two modes with frequencies slightly above and slightly below this resonance, respectively. Rigorous modeling of the interaction between the spins of TmFeO 3 and the THz light shows that the frequencies correspond to the upper and lower magnon-polariton branches. Our findings reveal the previously ignored importance of propagation effects and polaritons in such heavily debated areas as THz magnonics and THz spectroscopy of electromagnons. It also shows that future progress in these areas calls for an interdisciplinary approach at the interface between magnetism and photonics.

Improving band-to-band tunneling in a tunneling carbon nanotube field effect transistor by multi-level development of impurities in the drain region

Science.gov (United States)

Naderi, Ali; Ghodrati, Maryam

2017-12-01

In this paper, in order to improve the performance of a tunneling carbon nanotube field effect transistor (T-CNTFET) a new structure is proposed using multi-level impurity distribution along the drain region. The new T-CNTFET structure consists of six parts in the drain with stepwise doping distribution. The impurities on the drain side are n -type and the length of each region is 5nm. Electronic features of the proposed structure are simulated by the solution of Poisson and Schrödinger equations and the self-consistent method using Non-equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF). Simulation results show that the proposed structure reduces the band curvature near the drain-channel connection and widens the tunneling barrier. As a result, band-to-band tunneling and the OFF current are reduced and the ON/OFF current ratio increases in comparison with the conventional structure. In summary, by improving the subthreshold swing parameters, delay time, power delay product ( PDP and cut-off frequency compared to the conventional structure, the proposed structure can be considered as a proper candidate for digital applications with high speed and low power dissipation.

Intercalibration of analytical methods on marine environmental samples. Results of MEDPOL II exercise for the intercomparison of trace element measurements on mussel tissue homogenate and marine sediment (MA-M-2/TM and SD-N-1/2/TM)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1986-12-01

Mussels and coastal sediments are often considered as pollution indicators of the marine environment. These intercalibration exercises were organised in order to check the analytical performances of environmental laboratories. The samples MA-M-2/TM of Mediterranean mussels and SD-N-1/2/TM of surface sediment from the Scheldt Estuary (North Sea) were analysed by 19 laboratories for determination of 15 elements: Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V and Zn. The analytical methods of atomic absorption spectroscopy, neutron activation analysis and voltametry were used in this intercomparison. For the mussel MA-M-2/TM, 65% of the reported coefficients of variation lie between 0 and 10%, 25% are between 10 and 20%, 9% between 20 and 30% and only 1% higher than 30%. In the case of the sediment SD-N-1/2/TM, 90% of the reported coefficients of variation lie between 0 and 10% and the remaining 10% are between 10 and 20%. The total number of outliers is moderate (9.2% of all results in the case of MA-M-2/TM and 3.0% in the case of SD-N-1/2/TM)

Nanocrystals of a new complex perovskite dielectric Ba{sub 2}TmSbO{sub 6}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nair, V.M. [Department of Physics, University College, Trivandrum 695034, Kerala (India); Jose, R., E-mail: rjose@ump.edu.my [Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Kuantan (Malaysia); Anil Kumar, G.M. [Noritake Co Ltd, 300 Higashiyama, Miyoshi, Aichi 470-0293 (Japan); Yusoff, Mashitah M. [Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Kuantan (Malaysia); Wariar, P.R.S. [Department of Physics, University College, Trivandrum 695034, Kerala (India)

2012-01-25

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A new material, Ba{sub 2}TmSbO{sub 6}, has been synthesized as nanocrystals for the first time. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A combustion process, characterized by a one-pot procedure, was adopted to synthesize Ba{sub 2}TmSbO{sub 6} as nanocrystals. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Crystal structure and dielectric properties of the Ba{sub 2}TmSbO{sub 6} have been studied and compared with similar materials. - Abstract: Nanocrystals of a new complex perovskites ceramic oxide, barium thulium antimony oxide - Ba{sub 2}TmSbO{sub 6}, were synthesized using a single step auto-ignition combustion process. The combustion product was single phase and composed of aggregates of nanocrystals of sizes in the range 20-50 nm. Ba{sub 2}TmSbO{sub 6} crystallized in cubic perovskite structure with lattice parameter, a = 8.4101 Angstrom-Sign . The polycrystalline fluffy combustion product was sintered to high density ({approx}97%) at {approx}1450 Degree-Sign C for 4 h. Resistivity of the sintered specimen was {approx}5 M{Omega}/cm. The Ba{sub 2}TmSbO{sub 6} has dielectric constant ({epsilon} Prime ) and dielectric loss (tan {delta}) of 17 and {approx}10{sup -4} at 5 MHz; the new material would probably be developed as a low-loss dielectric material.

Thermal-hydraulic effects of transition to improved System 80TM fuel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodack, T.; Joffre, P.F.; Kapoor, R.K.

2004-01-01

ABB CE's improved System 80 TM PWR fuel design includes GUARDIAN debris-resistant features and laser-welded Zircaloy grids. The GUARDIAN features include an Inconel grid with debris-filtering features located just above the Lower End Fitting, and a solid fuel rod bottom end cap that extends above the filtering features. Tests and analyses were done to establish the impact of these design improvements on fuel assembly hydraulic performance. Further analysis was done to determine the mixed core thermal-hydraulic performance as the transition is made over two fuel cycles to a full core of the improved System 80 TM fuel. Results confirm that the Thermal-Hydraulic (T-H) effects of the reduction in hydraulic resistance between the improved and resident fuel due to the laser-welded Zircaloy grids offsets the effects of the increased resistance GUARDIAN grid. Therefore, the mechanically improved System 80 TM fuel can be implemented with no net impact on Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB) margin in transition cores. (author)

Computer Aided Analysis of TM-Multimode Planar Graded-index Optical Waveguides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ashry, M.; Nasr, A.S.; Abou El-Fadl, A.A.

2000-01-01

An algorithm is developed for analysis TM-Multimode Planar graded-index optical waveguides. A Modified Impedance Boundary Method of Moments (MIBMOM) for the analysis of planar graded-index optical waveguide structures is presented. The algorithm is used to calculate the dispersion characteristics and the field distribution of TM-multimode planar graded-index optical waveguides. The technique is based on Galerkin s procedure and the exact boundary condition at the interfaces between the graded index region and the step index cladding. Legendre polynomials are used as basis functions. The efficiency of this algorithm is examined with waveguides having various index profiles such as exponential, Gaussian and complementary error functions. The advantage of the MIBMOM is the complete solution of TM-multimode as presented which is very difficult by the other methods. With this algorithm a minimum number of basis functions to give accurate results is used. The obtained results show good agreement with the experimental results

Development of movie caption translation lecture site using MobileMotion{sub TM}; MobileMotion{sub TM} wo mochiita jimaku hon'yaku koza site no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The site of Internet that performs the correspondence education for bringing up a movie caption translator was developed. Correspondence education that fully deepens understanding was obtained by distributing a motion picture using MPEG-4 distribution software (MobileMotion{sub TM}) and performing the learning based on bi-directional communication. HTML distribution and E-mail transmission and reception are done from Gaga Communications, and a MobileMotion{sub TM} file is distributed from the OnDemand Server of Toshiba. This reduces the communication traffic of heavy motion picture data. (translated by NEDO)

Spaceflight 2 um Tm Fiber MOPA Amplifier, Phase I

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Fibertek proposes to design, develop, and test a spaceflight prototype 2051 nm thulium (Tm)-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) optical master oscillator power amplifier...

The Influence of Environmental Friendliness on Green Trust: The Mediation Effects of Green Satisfaction and Green Perceived Quality

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yu-Shan Chen

2015-07-01

Full Text Available As global green trends became more prevalent, green marketing also developed into an important issue. Although prior literature explored the main factors affecting green trust, it was inconclusive as to how environmental friendliness could affect the green trust in green marketing. This study aims to focus on the positive influence of environmental friendliness on green trust, and explore the mediation effects of green satisfaction and green perceived quality. This study undertakes an empirical study by means of questionnaire survey. The respondents are consumers who have experience purchasing green products. This study applies structural equation modeling (SEM to test the hypotheses. The findings of this study indicate that (1 environmental friendliness has a significant positive impact on green satisfaction, green perceived quality, and green trust; (2 both green satisfaction and green perceived quality positively affect green trust; and (3 green satisfaction and green perceived quality partially mediate the positive relationship between environmental friendliness and green trust.

Does LibQUAL+[TM] Account for Student Loyalty to a University College Library?

Science.gov (United States)

Helgesen, Oyvind; Nesset, Erik

2011-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to find out whether LibQUAL+[TM]can account for student loyalty to the library of an institution of higher education. LibQUAL+[TM] is a marketing tool that is used to measure perceived service quality of libraries, and the present analysis aims at validating this service quality instrument within a more…

A conserved aromatic lock for the tryptophan rotameric switch in TM-VI of seven-transmembrane receptors

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holst, Birgitte; Nygaard, Rie; Hansen, Louise Valentin

2010-01-01

simulations in rhodopsin demonstrated that rotation around the chi1 torsion angle of Trp-VI:13 brings its side chain close to the equally highly conserved Phe-V:13 (Phe-5.47) in TM-V. In the ghrelin receptor, engineering of high affinity metal-ion sites between these positions confirmed their close spatial...... degree as observed in the constructs where Trp-VI:13 itself was mutated, but again without affecting agonist potency. In a proposed active receptor conformation generated by molecular simulations, where the extracellular segment of TM-VI is tilted inwards in the main ligand-binding pocket, Trp-VI:13......The conserved tryptophan in position 13 of TM-VI (Trp-VI:13 or Trp-6.48) of the CWXP motif located at the bottom of the main ligand-binding pocket in TM-VI is believed to function as a rotameric microswitch in the activation process of seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors. Molecular dynamics...

Constructing a two bands optical code-division multiple-access network of bipolar optical access codecs using Walsh-coded liquid crystal modulators

Science.gov (United States)

Yen, Chih-Ta; Huang, Jen-Fa; Chih, Ping-En

2014-08-01

We propose and experimentally demonstrated the two bands optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) network over bipolar Walsh-coded liquid-crystal modulators (LCMs) and driven by green light and red light lasers. Achieving system performance depends on the construction of a decoder that implements a true bipolar correlation using only unipolar signals and intensity detection for each band. We took advantage of the phase delay characteristics of LCMs to construct a prototype optical coder/decoder (codec). Matched and unmatched Walsh signature codes were evaluated to detect correlations among multiuser data in the access network. By using LCMs, a red and green laser light source was spectrally encoded and the summed light dots were complementary decoded. Favorable contrast on auto- and cross-correlations indicates that binary information symbols can be properly recovered using a balanced photodetector.

High accuracy line positions of the ν 1 fundamental band of 14 N 2 16 O

KAUST Repository

Alsaif, Bidoor

2018-03-08

The ν1 fundamental band of N2O is examined by a novel spectrometer that relies on the frequency locking of an external-cavity quantum cascade laser around 7.8 μm to a near-infrared Tm:based frequency comb at 1.9 μm. Due to the large tunability, nearly 70 lines in the 1240 – 1310 cm−1 range of the ν1 band of N2O, from P(40) to R(31), are for the first time measured with an absolute frequency calibration and an uncertainty from 62 to 180 kHz, depending on the line. Accurate values of the spectroscopic constants of the upper state are derived from a fit of the line centers (rms ≈ 4.8 × 10−6 cm−1 or 144 kHz). The ν1 transitions presently measured in a Doppler regime validate high accuracy predictions based on sub-Doppler measurements of the ν3 and ν3-ν1 transitions.

[Expression optimization and characterization of Tenebrio molitor antimicrobiol peptides TmAMP1m in Escherichia coli].

Science.gov (United States)

Alimu, Reyihanguli; Mao, Xinfang; Liu, Zhongyuan

2013-06-01

To improve the expression level of tmAMP1m gene from Tenebrio molitor in Escherichia coli, we studied the effects of expression level and activity of the fusion protein HIS-TmAMP1m by conditions, such as culture temperature, inducing time and the final concentration of inductor Isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). We analyzed the optimum expression conditions by Tricine-SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, meanwhile, detected its antibacterial activity by using agarose cavity diffusion method. The results suggest that when inducing the recombinant plasmid with a final IPTG concentration of 0.1 mmol/L at 37 degrees C for 4 h, there was the highest expression level of fusion protein HIS-TmAMP1m in Escherichia coli. Under these conditions, the expression of fusion protein accounted for 40% of the total cell lysate with the best antibacterial activity. We purified the fusion protein HIS-TmAMPlm with nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) metal-affinity chromatography matrices. Western blotting analysis indicates that the His monoclonal antibody could be specifically bound to fusion protein HIS-TmAMPlm. After expression by inducing, the fusion protein could inhibit the growth of host cell transformed by pET30a-tmAMP1m. The fusion protein HIS-TmAMP1m had better stability and remained higher antibacterial activities when incubated at 100 degrees C for 10 h, repeated freeze thawing at -20 degrees C, dissolved in strong acid and alkali, or treated by organic solvents and protease. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration results demonstrated that the fusion protein HIS-TmAMP1m has a good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus sp., Corynebacterium glutamicum, Bacillus thuringiensis, Corynebacterium sp. This study laid the foundation to promote the application of insect antimicrobial peptides and further research.

DiabetterTM Reduces Post Meal Hyperglycemia Via Enhancement Of Glucose Uptake Into Adipocytes And Muscles Cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zainah Adam; Shafii Khamis

2014-01-01

Currently, there are lots of herbal products available in local markets that are used for treatment of diabetes mellitus. Most of these products are not standardized and lack of efficacy and safety data. DiaBetterTM is one of the local herbal products that have been used for treatment of diabetes. This study was carried out to determine the efficacy of DiaBetterTM in reducing hyperglycemia and to elucidate the mechanisms by which hyperglycemia is reduced. Antihyperglycemic evaluation was done in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at different prandial states and the antihyperglycemic mechanisms elucidation was carried out in muscle and adipocytes cells using glucose tracer method (2-deoxy-[1-3H]-glucose). The results showed that DiaBetterTM significantly reduced post meal hyperglycemia in normal and diabetic rats, and improved glucose tolerance activity in diabetic rats particularly after 4 and 6 hours of administration. Antihyperglycemic mechanisms elucidation revealed that the DiaBetterTM significantly enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into adipocytes and muscle cells, with the highest magnitude of enhancement were 1.54-fold (p<0.01) and 1.46-fold (p<0.001), respectively. Molecular mechanisms that responsible for this enhancement were the increment of insulin sensitivity at cells membrane. Cytotoxic evaluation was also done and confirmed that DiaBetterTM was toxicologically safe against muscle and adipocytes cells. In conclusion, post-meal antihyperglycemic and glucose tolerance activity activity of DiaBetterTM was mediated through the enhancement of glucose uptake into adipocytes and muscle cells. Insulin sensitizing activity showed by DiaBetterTM suggests that this product has the potential to ameliorate insulin resistance condition. Therefore, it is suggested that DiaBetterTM can be used as dietary adjunct for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus which related to insulin resistance. (author)

Machine-roomless elevator, SPACEL{sub TM}; Machine roomless elevator SPACEL{sub TM} `Supesuseru{sub TM}`

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

A machine-roomless elevator, SPACEL{sub TM} requiring no machine room, which operates at a rated speed of 45 and 60 m/min, was put on sale in August 1998 with arrangement for passenger use, residential use and bed use. Another elevator operating at a rated speed of 90 and 105 m/min whose travel distance was extended to 75 m was added to the product series and put on sale in February 1999. The control equipment having been installed in a machine room conventionally was modified to a thickness of 100 mm by adopting an inverter device of thin design and densely mounted substrates. The control equipment was installed on the uppermost floor. The winch is a compact and thin type gearless winch incorporating a permanent magnet synchronizing motor, which was installed at the top of the hoistway. These arrangements have realized a machine-roomless elevator. Further system efficiency improvement has achieved energy conservation of about 10% as compared to the conventional rope type and about 80% as compared to the hydraulic type elevators. (translated by NEDO)

Green power certification: environmental and consumer protection benefits of the Green-e programme

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wingate, M.; Hamrin, J. [Center for Resource Solutions (United States); Rabago, K. [Rocky Mountain Inst. (United States); Wiser, R. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (United States)

2000-06-01

This article gives details of the Green-e environmental certification programme which certifies electricity generated from renewable energy sources in the US. This first non-profit certification programme originally was set up for California, and has now spread to other regions. The objectives of the Green-e programme, the need for the electricity product to meet minimum criteria to qualify, marketer requirements, verification of product claims, administration of the programme, and the second year programme results are discussed. The way in which the Green-e programme fits in with other programmes such as those set up by the state and federal customer protection agencies to help consumers select environmentally superior power is described.

Construction of pTM series plasmids for gene expression in Brucella species.

Science.gov (United States)

Tian, Mingxing; Qu, Jing; Bao, Yanqing; Gao, Jianpeng; Liu, Jiameng; Wang, Shaohui; Sun, Yingjie; Ding, Chan; Yu, Shengqing

2016-04-01

Brucellosis, the most common widespread zoonotic disease, is caused by Brucella spp., which are facultative, intracellular, Gram-negative bacteria. With the development of molecular biology techniques, more and more virulence-associated factors have been identified in Brucella spp. A suitable plasmid system is an important tool to study virulence genes in Brucella. In this study, we constructed three constitutive replication plasmids (pTM1-Cm, pTM2-Amp, and pTM3-Km) using the replication origin (rep) region derived from the pBBR1-MCS vector. Also, a DNA fragment containing multiple cloning sites (MCSs) and a terminator sequence derived from the pCold vector were produced for complementation of the deleted genes. Besides pGH-6×His, a plasmid containing the groE promoter of Brucella spp. was constructed to express exogenous proteins in Brucella with high efficiency. Furthermore, we constructed the inducible expression plasmid pZT-6×His, containing the tetracycline-inducible promoter pzt1, which can induce expression by the addition of tetracycline in the Brucella culture medium. The constructed pTM series plasmids will play an important role in the functional investigation of Brucella spp. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Pulsed Tm:YAG laser ablation of knee joint tissues

Science.gov (United States)

Shi, Wei-Qiang; Vari, Sandor G.; Duffy, J. T.; Miller, J. M.; Weiss, Andrew B.; Fishbein, Michael C.; Grundfest, Warren S.

1992-06-01

We investigated the effect of a free-running 2.01 micron pulsed Tm:YAG laser on bovine knee joint tissues. Ablation rates of fresh fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, and bone were measured in saline as a function of laser fluence (160 - 640 J/cm2) and fiber core size (400 and 600 microns). All tissues could be effectively ablated and the ablation rate increased linearly with the increasing fluence. Use of fibers of different core sizes, while maintaining constant energy fluence, did not result in significant difference in ablation rate. Histology analyses of the ablated tissue samples reveal average Tm:YAG radiation induced thermal damage (denatunalization) zones ranging between 130 and 540 microns, depending on the laser parameters and the tissue type.

SpinlineTM, Benefits of a nuclear specific safety-critical digital I/C platform - 15102

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duthou, A.; Mouly, P.; Jegou, H.

2015-01-01

Spinline TM is Rolls-Royce modular and digital solution dedicated to developing and/or upgrading safety I/C used in nuclear reactors. From the start, Spinline TM was specifically designed for Nuclear applications. Therefore, its architecture and components satisfy, from design, the most stringent safety standards required by the local Safety authorities, while they can be adapted to various types of reactors. This is a significant advantage over suppliers who tried to adapt industrial systems to the Nuclear constraints and faced unexpected delays and costs to meet Safety authorities requirements. Spinline TM was specifically designed to implement any Class 1E and category A IEC-61226 safety I/C functions. It is qualified according to European and French nuclear standard and more recently by the US NRC, notably thanks to its Fail-safe features, deterministic behavior and Physical and Functional Separation. In 2011 EDF chose Spinline TM as its safety I/C systems technology for the modernization of 20 units of its 1300 MW PWR fleet

A Floquet-Green's function approach to mesoscopic transport under ac bias

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu, B H; Cao, J C

2008-01-01

The current response of a mesoscopic system under a periodic ac bias is investigated by combining the Floquet theorem and the nonequilibrium Green's function method. The band structure of the lead under ac bias is fully taken into account by using appropriate self-energies in an enlarged Floquet space. Both the retarded and lesser Green's functions are obtained in the Floquet basis to account for the interference and interaction effects. In addition to the external ac bias, the time-varying Coulomb interaction, which is treated at the self-consistent Hartree-Fock level, provides another internal ac field. The numerical results show that the time-varying Coulomb field yields decoherence and reduces the ringing behavior of the current response to a harmonic bias

Landsat TM and ETM+ Kansas Satellite Image Database (KSID)

Data.gov (United States)

Kansas Data Access and Support Center — The Kansas Satellite Image Database (KSID):2000-2001 consists of terrain-corrected, precision rectified spring, summer, and fall Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and...

The green building envelope : Vertical greening

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ottelé, M.

2011-01-01

Planting on roofs and façades is one of the most innovative and fastest developing fields of green technologies with respect to the built environment and horticulture. This thesis is focused on vertical greening of structures and to the multi-scale benefits of vegetation. Vertical green can improve

PheVI:09 (Phe6.44) as a sliding microswitch in seven-transmembrane (7TM) G protein-coupled receptor activation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Valentin-Hansen, Louise; Holst, Birgitte; Frimurer, Thomas M

2012-01-01

In seven-transmembrane (7TM), G protein-coupled receptors, highly conserved residues function as microswitches, which alternate between different conformations and interaction partners in an extended allosteric interface between the transmembrane segments performing the large scale conformational......-V into a tight pocket generated by five hydrophobic residues protruding from TM-III and TM-V. Of these, the residue in position III:16 (3.40) (often an Ile or Val) appears to function as a barrier or gate for the transition between inactive and active conformation. Mutational analysis showed that PheVI:09...... an aromatic microswitch that stabilizes the active, outward tilted conformation of TM-VI relative to TM-III by sliding into a tight hydrophobic pocket between TM-III and TM-V and that the hydrophobic residue in position III:16 constitutes a gate for this transition....

Pool boiling performance of Novec{sup TM} 649 engineered fluid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Forrest, Eric; Buongiorno, Jacopo; McKrell, Thomas [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (United States). Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering; Hu, Lin-Wen [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (United States). Nuclear Reactor Lab.], e-mail: lwhu@mit.edu

2009-07-01

A new fluorinated ketone, C{sub 2}F{sub 5}C(O)CF(CF{sub 3}){sub 2}, is currently being considered as an environmentally friendly alternative for power electronics cooling applications due to its high dielectric strength and low global warming potential (GWP). Sold commercially by the 3M Company as Novec{sup TM} 649 Engineered Fluid, C{sub 2}F{sub 5}C(O)CF(CF{sub 3}){sub 2} exhibits very low acute toxicity while maintaining long-term stability. To assess the general two-phase heat transfer performance of Novec{sup TM} 649, pool boiling tests were conducted by resistively heating a 0.01 in. diameter nickel wire at the fluid's atmospheric saturation temperature of 49 deg C. The nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux (CHF) obtained for the fluorinated ketone compare favorably with results obtained for FC-72, a fluorocarbon widely used for the direct cooling of electronic devices. Initial results indicate that Novec{sup TM} 649 may prove to be a viable alternative to FC-72 and other halo alkanes for the cooling of high power density electronic devices. (author)

Violet-green excitation for NIR luminescence of Yb3+ ions in Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2-Ga2O3 glasses.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Weiwei; Cheng, Jimeng; Zhao, Guoying; Chen, Wei; Hu, Lili; Guzik, Malgorzata; Boulon, Georges

2014-04-21

60Bi(2)O(3)-20B(2)O(3)-10SiO(2)-10Ga(2)O(3) glasses doped with 1-9 mol% Yb(2)O(3) were prepared and investigated mainly on their violet-green excitation for the typical NIR emission of Yb(3+), generally excited in the NIR. Two violet excitation bands at 365 nm and 405 nm are related to Yb(2+) and Bi(3+). 465 nm excitation band and 480 nm absorption band in the blue-green are assigned to Bi(0) metal nanoparticles/grains. Yb-content-dependence of the excitation and absorption means that Bi(0) is the reduced product of Bi(3+), but greatly competed by the redox reaction of Yb(2+) ↔ Yb(3+). It is proved that the violet-green excitations result in the NIR emission of Yb(3+). On the energy transfer, the virtual level of Yb(3+)-Yb(3+) as well as Bi(0) dimers probably plays an important role. An effective and controllable way is suggested to achieve nano-optical applications by Bi(0) metal nanoparticles/grains and Yb(3+).

Green Bank Lunar Interferometer for Neutrino Transients: GLINT