Geoffrey Keynes's Two-Fold Vision: Medical Savant-Connoisseur and Literary Bibliographer.

Science.gov (United States)

Kutcher, Gerald

2016-10-01

During the 1920s and 1930s, the British surgeon Geoffrey Keynes (1887-1982) treated breast cancer with radium instead of the hegemonic radical mastectomy, while vehemently attacking the "radicalists" for mutilating women. Keynes was also a leading bibliographer of literary figures from Sir Thomas Browne to William Blake through Jane Austen. This article argues that these endeavors did not inhabit separate worlds, but rather his bibliographic methods of collecting and sorting were deeply interwoven with his therapeutic practices and medical ways of knowing. The article also examines the profound influence his engagement with the works of William Blake had on his battle against the reigning medical orthodoxy and on the humanity of his relationship with his patients. It concludes that Keynes' story sheds light on a now distant medico-cultural world where literary studies, often centered on book collecting and critique, were not only highly valued, but were influential in guiding the vision and behavior of a number of physicians. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Literary, Memory, Reading and Teaching

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guaraciaba Micheletti

2016-07-01

Full Text Available The teaching of literature even when focused on reading is often overlooked in the face of other classroom needs. The teaching of reading, without well-defined object, is emphasized by performing as a concern of all areas and not only in mother-tongue classes. However, a closer look reveals that this is exactly the reading of literary texts that provides answers to questions from other spheres (LAJOLO, 1982; 1993; COSSON, 2006. In this article, taking as a basis, the intertextuality, one of the constituent elements of literary texts (MAINGUENEAU, 2004, we propose some reflections on the role of literary literacy by presenting suggestions for activities, based on the concept of teacher as mediator of the dialogues constituted in the literary text and other derivatives of these dialogues in the classroom.

An Introduction to Literary Quaranic Stylistics

Science.gov (United States)

Almenoar, Lubna

2010-01-01

A stylistic analysis is one approach of analyzing a literary text using literary descriptions. The use of literary texts in the literature classroom has been limited to mostly Western sources. This paper is an attempt to create an awareness of the linguistic features present in the English language translations of the meaning of the Quran. The…

Literary Language in Development of L2 Competence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dan Lu

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Nowadays it is believed that language in daily communication rather than literary language should be the target of learning in L2 education. This is mainly because literary language is said to be uncommon in life. This paper reports on a study in which some Hong Kong ESL learners’ English proficiency was re-examined through literary texts. These learners had reached intermediate or advanced levels of English prior to the study and were generally competent in daily English. However, many of them encountered difficulty in understanding literary language. Their proficiency in general English test could not match their performances in understanding literary works. The findings reveal that learners who are strong in general proficiency may not be good in understanding literary language. Lack of literary language in the curriculum results in a false and distorted picture about the learners’ proficiency. Literary language helps upgrade L2 learners’ real proficiency in the target language.

Reader responses to literary depictions of rape

NARCIS (Netherlands)

E.M. Koopman (Emy); M. Hilscher (Michelle); G.C. Cupchik (Gerald)

2012-01-01

textabstractThis study explored reader responses to different literary depictions of rape. Four literary excerpts were used and divided as aesthetic versus nonaesthetic (style) and allusive versus explicit (detail). The general question was how readers would react to literary fragments depicting

Intersections : Amazigh (Berber) Literary Space

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Merolla, D.; Bratt, K. R.; Elbousty, Y.; Steward, D.J.

2014-01-01

The interaction of artistic productions with several languages, literary markets and media is crucial in the Amazigh literary space. Focusing on writers who use the Amazigh (Berber) language, this study addresses contemporary directions in Moroccan Amazigh (Berber) artistic works set against the

Technology Toolkit: Literary Road Trip

Science.gov (United States)

Hayes, Sandy

2007-01-01

Hayes recognizes the value of connections kids make when authors and settings strike a familiar note. She invites readers to participate in a new event at this year's NCTE Annual Convention in New York City: The 21st-Century Literary Map Project gallery, where attendees are encouraged to examine affiliates' literary maps, see digital or…

Are Literary Translators (still) Lone Wolves?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jansen, Hanne

2017-01-01

of a questionnaire on collaboration within literary translation in Scandinavia. Concepts from Community Studies, such as generalized reciprocity, interpersonal trust and active participation, are employed to discuss whether literary translators feel like members of a community, lone wolves, or simply lonely....

Classification of authors by literary prestige

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Verboord, Marc

2003-01-01

In this study, I investigated a new system to classify authors by literary prestige. The notion of ‘canon’ was considered to lackclear theoretical and empirical grounding. Evaluation and classification practices were examined and operationalized from the perspective of literary field theory. The

Literary Hermeneutic - A Large Vision upon the Text

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elena Vorotneac

2011-12-01

Full Text Available This article represents the book “Literary Hermeneutic” by Victoria Fonari, Ph.D., State University of Moldova. Hermeneutic, as a researching object, includes literary, critical, theological, juridical, linguistic, psychological, verbal and sociological knowledge. Literary Hermeneutic is one of the most favored disciplines. It is venerated both in Homeric exegesis from antiquity and in the improvement of the methodology interpretation of the canonical works, in which a vain moment is texts’ deciphering – the monuments and authors’ comment from times immemorial, thus re-establishing a part of human values. The re-establishing of the connections between the values of the past and their understanding from the present prospect is due to literary interpretation. The demands of the paradigm of the literary and artistic interpretation, constitutes a basic element which is important both for the writing of academic researches and for the literary values of understanding. It directs the student to scientific works and facilitated the professional activity of teachers, journalists, jurists and translators.

Literary Magazines: To Censor or Not?

Science.gov (United States)

Mossman, Robert C.

2007-01-01

High school teacher Robert C. Mossman asserts that literary magazines reflect and elevate school communities' values. As adviser of his school literary magazine, Mossman encourages students to uphold certain standards for decency, while helping students learn to distinguish between original writing that is specific and thoughtful and writing that…

Fascinating! Popular Science Communication and Literary Science Fiction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Meyer, Gitte

2017-01-01

Some see literary Science Fiction as a possible vehicle for critical discussions about the future development and the ethical implications of science-based technologies. According to that understanding, literary Science Fiction constitutes a variety of science communication. Along related lines, ......, popular science communication with science fiction features might be expected to serve a similar purpose. Only, it is far from obvious that it actually works that way.......Some see literary Science Fiction as a possible vehicle for critical discussions about the future development and the ethical implications of science-based technologies. According to that understanding, literary Science Fiction constitutes a variety of science communication. Along related lines...

BYLINA AS A LITERARY GENRE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olga V. Zakharova

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The bylina is a Russian epic song about the bogatyrs. Diff erent genre transformations of bylinas are known in folklore: prosaic narrations [pobyval’shchiny], bogatyr tales, legends about the bogatyrs, lubok tales about the feats of the bogatyrs and knights. In the early 19th  century, Russian literature was actively absorbing epic images and motives: the bogatyrs were turning into characters of novellas, literary tales, poems, novels, operas. Some poets and writers were attempting to develop the bylina as a literary genre. Their genre search was a  creative imitation of Th e Tale of Igor’s Campaign [“Slovo o polku Igoreve”] published in 1800 and in some cases of the Collection of Kirsha Danilov (1804. One of the first attempts was Gavrila R. Derzhavin’s work Dobrynya, Dramatic Musical Performance in Five Acts [“Dobrynya, teatral’noe predstavlenie s muzykoyu, v pyati deystviyakh”, 1804]. Glorifying the idea of the state, the poet composes a work where epic and literary characters act and the plot is derived not only from bylinas and tales, but also from chivalric novels. In Stepan S. Andreev’s poem Levsil, a Russian Bogatyr [“Levsil, russkiy bogatyr’”, 1807] the hero is not only a folkloric (epic and fabulous character, but also a literary one. Alexander F. Veltman’s novel Koshchei the Immortal. A Bylina of the Old Times [“Koshchey bessmertnyy. Bylina starogo vremeni”, 1833] was an ingenious genre experiment. The word ‘bylina’ was used in its title in  the literary genre meaning for the fi rst time ever. The genre of Easter novella Ilya Muromets. A Tale from the Rus’ of the Bogatyrs [“Il’ya Muromets. Skazka Rusi bogatyrskyi”, 1836] by Vladimir I. Dahl emerged from a complicated interaction of the tale, the bylina, the Old Russian novella and the hagiography. The literary transformations of folkloric genre stemmed from the authors’ imaginative need to create a national and historical myth

The Fictional Black Blues Figure: Blues Music and the Art of Narrative Self-Invention

OpenAIRE

Mack, Kimberly

2015-01-01

The Fictional Black Blues Figure: Blues Music and the Art of Narrative Self-Invention, Kimberly MackMy dissertation examines representations of black American blues musicians in contemporary American fiction, drama, and popular music, and it argues that blues music can be examined as a narrative art rooted in the tradition of fictionalized autobiographical self-fashioning. I contend that the contemporary, multi-racial, literary and musical characters in my project who participate in so-called...

Quantitative criticism of literary relationships.

Science.gov (United States)

Dexter, Joseph P; Katz, Theodore; Tripuraneni, Nilesh; Dasgupta, Tathagata; Kannan, Ajay; Brofos, James A; Bonilla Lopez, Jorge A; Schroeder, Lea A; Casarez, Adriana; Rabinovich, Maxim; Haimson Lushkov, Ayelet; Chaudhuri, Pramit

2017-04-18

Authors often convey meaning by referring to or imitating prior works of literature, a process that creates complex networks of literary relationships ("intertextuality") and contributes to cultural evolution. In this paper, we use techniques from stylometry and machine learning to address subjective literary critical questions about Latin literature, a corpus marked by an extraordinary concentration of intertextuality. Our work, which we term "quantitative criticism," focuses on case studies involving two influential Roman authors, the playwright Seneca and the historian Livy. We find that four plays related to but distinct from Seneca's main writings are differentiated from the rest of the corpus by subtle but important stylistic features. We offer literary interpretations of the significance of these anomalies, providing quantitative data in support of hypotheses about the use of unusual formal features and the interplay between sound and meaning. The second part of the paper describes a machine-learning approach to the identification and analysis of citational material that Livy loosely appropriated from earlier sources. We extend our approach to map the stylistic topography of Latin prose, identifying the writings of Caesar and his near-contemporary Livy as an inflection point in the development of Latin prose style. In total, our results reflect the integration of computational and humanistic methods to investigate a diverse range of literary questions.

The Missing Hybridity: ‘Envisioning’ Ukrainian Literary Space

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Puleri

2015-05-01

Full Text Available In this paper, the author focuses on the question concerning the complex positioning of the Russophone literary phenomenon in the Ukrainian post-Soviet literary canon. Analysing the conceptualization of the hybrid cultural elements in the post-Soviet cultural area, it is possible to observe the rise of a contrast between the cultural ‘exclusivist’ and ‘inclusivist’ attitudes in the Ukrainian literary debate. It is the product of the renewed social and political clash between the Ukrainian and Russian ‘national systems’. The ideologization of the ethnolinguistic factor in the Post-Soviet area gives birth to competing ideologies, which draw new ‘imagined borders’ in the Ukrainian literary space. It is the result of the polarization of the respective national historical narratives, misused by the current political discourses, to paralyse the dialogical perspectives in the process of cultural confrontation. Listening to the ‘voices’ of contemporary cultural actors, it will be possible to draw different images in order to envision the Ukrainian literary space.

Literary and Electronic Hypertext: Borges, Criticism, Literary Research, and the Computer.

Science.gov (United States)

Davison, Ned J.

1991-01-01

Examines what "hypertext" means to literary criticism on the one hand (i.e., intertextuality) and computing on the other, to determine how the two concepts may serve each other in a mutually productive way. (GLR)

Finding Feminist Literary Reading: Portrayals Of Women In The 1920s Indonesian Literary Writings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diah Ariani Arimbi

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Modern Indonesian literature can be said to be born around 1920s with the publication of modern Indonesian literary works by Balai Pustaka. Amongst the works published by Balai Pustaka in the 1920s ; there are most popular works namely Sitti Nurbaya (1922 ; Azab dan Sengsara(1927 and Salah Asuhan (1928 representing the tone of 1920s literary productions. This paper aims to look at images of women in those three works written by male authors ; using feminist literary criticism. By means of close reading technique; the study uses feminist literary criticism to examine and (reexamine the images of women portrayed in those three works. The finding shows that on one hand some women are still trapped with the shackle of patriarchy, but, on the other hand, some women are not simply passive victims of patriarchy: these women still attempt to escape from the patriarchal chain and cut out the patriarchal oppression. Key Words: modern Indonesian literature; 1920s; Balai Pustaka; women; feminist literary criticism Abstrak: Sastra Indonesia modern dapat dikatakan lahir sekitar tahun1920-an dengan publikasi karya sastra Indonesia modern oleh Balai Pustaka. Di antara karya yang diterbitkan oleh Balai Pustaka pada tahun 1920-an; terdapat karya yang paling populer seperti Sitti Nurbaya (1922; Azab dan Sengsara (1927; dan Salah Asuhan (1928 yang mewakili suara produksi sastra tahun 1920-an. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk melihat potret perempuan dalam tiga karya yang ditulis oleh penulis laki-laki dengan menggunakan pendekatan kritik sastra feminis. Melalui teknik pembacaan yang mendalam (close reading technique; penelitian ini menggunakan kritik sastra feminis untuk menelaah potret perempuan dalam tiga karya tersebut. Temuan dalam tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa di satu sisi perempuan masih terbelenggu oleh patriarkat; tetapi di sisi lain perempuan bukanlah korban patriarkat yang pasif: perempuan tetap berupaya untuk keluar dari belenggu ini dan memutus

Literary Criticism Fiction: the Wacław Borowy–Manfred Kridl polemic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maciej Gorczyński

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The paper The Fictions of Literary Criticism refers to a polemic between Manfred Kridl and Waclaw Borowy which was conducted in several articles published in the years 1936–1957. The polemic played a significant role in the development of modern Polish literary criticism. The matter of dispute was a new method of literary criticism announced by Kridl in his renowned Introduction to the Research of Literary Work (1936. The main topics of the discussion were the problems of the literary process, the evaluation of a literary work and the uses of scientific methods in humanities. The paper’s author pays attention especially to the rhetorical and literary means of argumentation which were used in the creation of this unusual form of non-fiction.

89 ESTABLISHING THE NEXUS BETWEEN LITERARY CRITICISM ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Prof Alex C Asigbo

literary critics to base their work on literary theories in order to make their ... years there has been a great surge of such thinking, much of which challenges ... of the effect produced upon the critic by the book he is .... engaging in their work.

Modifying the explanation of Anvari Abivardi’s literary theory

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fatemeh Hakima

2016-01-01

�  2- Composing in any literary style   3- Composing in all prosody meters   4- Proper use of rhyme   They are the most important criteria according to which the poetry capability of a poet is measured , In his view, the poet can benefit from techniques which make poetry more musical in order to be more effective, Including the use of a narrator that reflects that music promotes the rhetorical aspect of a work of art. Anvari believed that composing Ghazals is rooted in lust , eulogy is rooted in greed and epigram comes from wrath. His goal of writing poetry was to make a living out of it , and in this way he attributes the worst labels to poetry, Of course, it depends on the level of reward which the appraised person bestows that sometimes it was timely and exactly the amount which the poet wanted, but sometimes he was given little reward or even no reward. As a result of the degree of magnitude of the poetry from his perspective swings according to whether the poet received a reward. Finally Anvari believed that as long as a poem is written for noble objectives including praisi ng religious figures, it is the the result of divine inspiration and approval and it is a twin of wisdom and it is the best benignity of God towards people. He is fascinated by this kind of poetry . The ultimate aim of art is to affect hearts, its reader revel in it and it sticks to memories and it would not be removed from minds and language after artist's death. Anvari art is no exception to this, too. Anvari poems were renowned among friends, poets and intellectuals in his life time and long after his death. Some of his couplets are still etched in memories which show his poetry power and skills. Anvari interpreted taste, mind, science , and art as poetry tools ; as a result he considered poetry as a simultaneous try and ebullition, he studied the divans of poets and writers contemporary with him , and before that. He is aware of all the principles of prosody and rhyme ; he had an

Walking Through the Revolution: A Spatial Reading of Literary Echoes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Isabel Queiroz

2015-05-01

Full Text Available This paper presents an embryo of a literary guide on the Carnation Revolution to be explored for educational historical excursions other than leisure and tourism. We propose a historical trail through the centre of Lisbon, city of the Carnation Revolution, called Walk through the Revolution. The trail aims to reinforce collective memory about the major events that occurred in the early moments leading to the coup. The trail is made up by nine places of rememberance, for which literary excerpts are suggested and which are supported by a digital research procedure. A set of seven fixed and observer-independent categories are used to analyse the literary contents of 23 literary works published up to 2013. These literary works refer to events that happened between the eve of April 25 and May 1, 1974. At the same time, literary descriptions are explored using a spatial approach in order to define the literary geography of the most iconic military actions and popular demonstrations that occurred in Lisbon and the surroundings. The literary geography and the cartography of the historical events are then compared. Data analysis and visualization benefit from the use of standardised and quantitative methods, including basic statistics and geographic information systems.

Literary practice and the island

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aline Rocha

2016-11-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-784X.2016v16n25p146 The anthology Sobre poesia: outras vozes, published by 7Letras and edited by the literary critics Celia Pedrosa and Ida Alves, brings a sample of the poetic production scenario and of the criticism developed in the contemporaneity. Gathering nine young writers of the today Brazilian, Portuguese, Argentinian and Mexican literary scenes, the heterogeneity of the written and of the theoretical approaches has an experimental character. The selection shows, in short, a stimulus to new creative impulses.

An Exemplary High School Literary Magazine: "Cinnabar."

Science.gov (United States)

Holbrook, Hilary Taylor, Comp.

One of a series of 20 literary magazine profiles written to help faculty advisors wishing to start or improve their publication, this profile provides information on staffing and production of "Cinnabar," the magazine published by Ward Melville High School, Setauket, New York. The introduction describes the literary magazine contest (and…

The oceanic literary reading mind : An impression

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Burke, M.

2016-01-01

The mind and brain processes of the literary reading mind are most accurately defined as oceanic: the mind is an ocean. This is the essential premise that I put forward in my book Literary Reading, Cognition and Emotion: An Exploration of the Oceanic Mind (Routledge, 2011).1 The statement is of

The Greatest Mathematical Discovery?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Jonathan M.

2010-05-12

What mathematical discovery more than 1500 years ago: (1) Is one of the greatest, if not the greatest, single discovery in the field of mathematics? (2) Involved three subtle ideas that eluded the greatest minds of antiquity, even geniuses such as Archimedes? (3) Was fiercely resisted in Europe for hundreds of years after its discovery? (4) Even today, in historical treatments of mathematics, is often dismissed with scant mention, or else is ascribed to the wrong source? Answer: Our modern system of positional decimal notation with zero, together with the basic arithmetic computational schemes, which were discovered in India about 500 CE.

Post-Digital Literary Studies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Florian Cramer

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Digital humanities and digital literary studies face much the same challenges as contemporary media art: what will become of them once their media are no longer “new”, and the limitations of processing art as data have become more clearly and widely understood? This paper revisits information aesthetics and computer poetics from the 1960s and 1970s, casting them as precursors of today’s digital humanities, with many of the same issues, achievements and failures, and with their own hype cycles of boom and bust. Conversely, “post-digital” and “Post-Internet” trends in music, graphic design and visual arts may anticipate possible futures of digital humanities and literary studies after the hype has passed.

Another Look at Literary Tazkares (A discussion about the typology of literary tazkares and proposing a model for classifying them

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Saeed Shafieiun

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Tazkares (anthologies, besides being one of the most basic research sources in literary sciences and being among original historical cultural sources, have generally artistic values due to their literary content and skill of their authors. Moreover, since they are sequential sources and under the influence of previous works, they also follow explicit and implicit criteria and patterns which sometimes promote them even to the level of a genre. Finding structural criteria and generic patterns of Tazkares is not an easy task because the nature of literary Tazkares is to some extent non-literary and overlaps with history and other human sciences and always wants to return to its main non-literary origins. On the other hand, since poetry and literature have been super-media in the classic world and consequently various groups of people in different periods liked them, an enormous fair of them has come into existence throughout time which has had different color and description for its customers and visitors. This matter creates many problems in the so-called literary decadence period. Due to this, generic criteria of Tazkares either remained unknown or were forgotten after the appearance of non-poets. At this point, the researcher faces contradictions repeatedly because he cannot eliminate such instances, on the one hand, and cannot gain theoretical coherence by considering them, on the other. Thus, the best possible solution is to consider separate validity for each research example and, indeed, consider prototypical and standard examples as the base of research and evaluate weaker examples as indication or extension of the main issue.  Assuming that constituents of a genre, from the most trivial and secondary to the main ones, can be studied regarding form, content and presentation, literary Tazkares can be explored as following: regarding the form, elements such as order and organization, volume, independence, literary aspect and shape

The Early Literary Reception of Ernest Hemingway in Iran

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Atefeh Ghasemnejad

2018-01-01

Full Text Available This essay investigates the dynamics that led to the literary reception of Ernest Hemingway before the Islamic Revolution in Iran. This article deploys reception studies as a branch of Comparative Literature with a focus upon conceptions of Siegbert Salomon Prawer and the practical method of George Asselineau to unearth the ideological, political, and historical milieu that embraced Hemingway’s literary fortune in Iran. This investigation, unprecedented in the study of Iranian literature, discusses how and why Hemingway was initially received in Iran. As such, the inception of literary fortune of Ernest Hemingway in Iran is examined by the contextual features, Persian literary taste, and the translator’s incentives that paved the way for this reception. This article also uncovers the reasons for the delay in the literary reception of Hemingway in Iran and discussed why some of Hemingway’s oeuvres enjoyed recognition while others were neglected by the Iranian readership.

Georges Perec's literary staging

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ewelina Woźniak-Czech

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this sketch to present Georges Perec’s work in the context of drama. As Perec wrote just one play for the theater, it’s hard to call him a dramatist. However, it is easy to see that all the literary tricks he uses in his works are a part of a well-thought-out game. The author of Life a User’s Manual employs and interweaves various literary conventions, prompts dialogue between his own works and draws the reader into the very center of his tricks, nuances and simulations. Perec’s writing could be deemed a pure act of dramatization, where the author himself, to some extent, takes on the role of director, making his audience not so much the recipients of his texts but the actors performing them.

Gustav Shpet's Literary and Theatre Theory

OpenAIRE

Tihanov, Galin

2007-01-01

In his paper, "Gustav Shpet's Literary and Theatre Theory," Galin Tihanov introduces Shpet's theoretical work on literature and theatre, until recently little studied. Neither has been sufficient attention paid to Shpet's overall presence on the Russian cultural scene in the 1910s-1930s. As a result, our knowledge and appreciation of the scope of his writings and the variety of Russian literary and theatre life in the first third of the twentieth century have remained less rich and well-infor...

Picture Books Featuring Literary Characters with Special Needs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Batič Janja

2013-11-01

Full Text Available This paper introduces a selection of picture books that feature a person with special needs as the main literary character. The selection of the books to be showcased was based on three crucial aspects: the form of the (picture book, as we wanted to underline the visual importance of a literary character with special needs; the age limit of the readers the books are intended for (preschool and early primary school; and undisputable quality of the literary and artistic components of the picture books. The picture books we have selected based on the above criteria are Veveriček posebne sorte by Svetlana Makarovič and Marjan Manček, Mrožek dobi očala by Peter Svetina and Mojca Osojnik, and Zakaj je babica jezna by Lela B. Njatin and Alenka Sottler. Picture books about literary characters with special needs can help highly sensitive children accepting people that are different, while children with special needs can build a better self-image based on such books. Quality literary books which foster a positive attitude towards a character with special needs promote tolerance and can thus play an important role in the early childhood, with regard to awareness of an inclusive society.

Revisiting Style, a Key Concept in Literary Studies

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Herrmann, J. Berenike; van Dalen-Oskam, K.H.; Schöch, Christof

2015-01-01

Language and literary studies have studied style for centuries, and even since the advent of ›stylistics‹ as a discipline at the beginning of the twentieth century, definitions of ›style‹ have varied heavily across time, space and fields. Today, with increasingly large collections of literary texts

The magic of Rudaki's thought and literary language

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M.S Basiri

2009-06-01

Full Text Available This article, at first, discuses the fact that language is the most important means of human being to reach the fact and beauty. Language is a means of logical thinking rather than a way of communication. However, literary language in Rudaki's poetry has the best capacity to identify and reveal mental concepts through using aesthetics. The main question of this article is how Rudaki connected language to thought and what is his artistic creation? For this reason the researcher, after presenting and considering evidences, proves that Rudaki has used all characteristics of language and principals of creative language to connect literary language and thought together. The most prominent elements of Rudaki's thought and literary language are: using the most proper words in collocation, distinguishing the relationship of cause and effect and existence through literary language, asserting artistic fact, using imagination and principles of association of meanings, and entering poetical experience in language dominion (domain.

A New Perspective of Literary Criticism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Deng Jun

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Paratext is a relatively new term in literary criticism, which is mainly elaborated by modern French scholar Gérard Genette. Article presents a qualitative method with its purpose to present a survey to this new literary term and probe into what may lie behind this new critic perspective. Analysis was done by exploring the new literatures in terms of paratext. It can be concluded that paratext has a great influence to the deeper understanding from different perspectives of a literature work. 

Database in Theory and Practice: The Bibliography of Irish Literary Criticism

Science.gov (United States)

Howell, Sonia

2013-01-01

Focusing on "The Bibliography of Irish Literary Criticism" (BILC, 2010), a bibliographical database of Irish literary criticism developed by humanities and information and communications technology (ICT) researchers in NUI Maynooth, this chapter investigates the opportunities and implications afforded the field of Irish literary studies…

An Exemplary High School Literary Magazine: "Et Cetera."

Science.gov (United States)

Holbrook, Hilary Taylor, Comp.

One of a series of 20 literary magazine profiles written to help faculty advisors wishing to start or improve their publication, this profile provides information on staffing and production of "Et Cetera," the magazine published by Clarkstown High School, New City, New York. The introduction describes the literary magazine contest (and…

Deconstruction Literary Theory and a Creative Reading of "The Great Gatsby."

Science.gov (United States)

Dennis, Deborah; Trotman, Charlene C.

Through the mid-1980s, resistance to contemporary literary theory (especially Jacques Derrida's philosophy of deconstruction) took the form of a bitter debate that enlivened literary journals and Modern Language Association meetings. The debate continues even today, with traditional literary critics rejecting deconstruction as nihilistic and…

Reading Minds: Using Literary Resources in Family Therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Burns, Liz

A qualitative enquiry explored, with a range of family therapists and systemic practitioners, the influence they perceive to have been made on their personal and professional lives by the literary texts they have read. Noting that "literary" is broadly interpreted to include poetry, prose, drama/film, song lyrics, etc., the study's aims…

Literary translation into indigenous languages in Nigeria and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This study makes out a case for the thorny problem of literary translation into Nigeria's indigenous languages and its role in national development. In this paper, we outline the way forward given the fact that literary translation into Nigerian languages had gone through a sticky patch. Federal, State and Local governments in ...

Levels of Literary Meaning

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Klausen, Søren Harnow

2017-01-01

I argue that intentionalist theories of meaning and interpretation, like those of Hirsch and Juhl, have been insufficiently attentive to the different levels of authorial intention that are operative in literary works. By countenancing intentions on different levels – ranging from simple semantic...

Cervantes and Literary Preceptive

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Ángel Garrido Gallardo

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The historiography of literary culture often links the Quixote and, by extension, the work of Cervantes with the Preceptive, a theme that perseveringly appears in the curricular studies from the late seventeenth century to the early twentieth century. Not being literary Preceptive more than a normative version of the Poetics and Rhetoric, this paper examines the possible relationship of Cervantes’ work with the normative aspect of both disciplines, such as they flourished in the sixteenth century and early seventeenth century. The symptomatic example of Juan de la Cueva’s El Ejemplar poético (1606 is explored and the itinerary of three possible relationships is followed: the acceptance or rejection of the current preceptive by the author, the presumed adoption of the preceptive as a set of generative rules of its own creation and the use of Cervantes’ production as an example and lesson for the future preceptive.

Linguistic Levels of Translation: A Generic Exploration of Translation Difficulties in Literary Textual Corpus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magda Madkour

2016-11-01

Full Text Available This case study research was based on a generic exploration of the translation problems that graduate students face in literary translation. Literary translation is fundamental to translation programs at higher education due to the upsurge that has occurred in publishing classical and modern literary works from various cultures. However, literary texts have special characteristics that make the process of transferring them from one language into another a daunting task. Translating literary texts is difficult even for professional translators because misinterpreting the messages of the source texts can lead to distorting the aesthetic aspects of the literary work. Students need to learn various linguistic levels of literary translation as well as strategies and methods of translation. Learning the linguistics levels of translation necessitates providing adequate training that is based on enhancing students’ cognitive abilities. Cognitive-based translation training helps students learn the procedures of solving the problems of translating sound and literary devices. Cognitive approaches are relevant to the translation process since cognition implies mental activities that students can use to understand and synthesize the literary text, and reconstruct it creatively. Therefore, the current study aimed at examining the relationship between cognitive teaching methodologies and students’ performance in literary translation. To examine this relationship, qualitative and quantitative data was collected from graduate students at the College of Languages and Translation at Imam Mohammed bin Saud Islamic University (IMAMU University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In addition, corpus data was gathered from authentic literary texts including, novels, short stories, and poetry, to investigate the effect of linguistic analysis and cognitive strategies on the quality of literary translation. Quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the

Orna Me: Laurence Sterne’s Open Letter to Literary History

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Celia B. Barnes

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This essay considers the curious way Laurence Sterne communicates with and reflects on his literary predecessors, most often Alexander Pope, by writing love letters to women. Focusing primarily on his correspondence with Elizabeth Draper, Barnes contends that, even as Sterne looks back to Pope to guarantee himself a place in literary history, he looks forward to women like Draper to ensure his name will survive.  Thus, erotic correspondence becomes an important way of ensuring Sterne’s literary estate, or as he terms it, his “futurity.” “Orna Me”—a phrase that means, roughly, “ornament me” or “set me off,” and that Sterne got from Pope and Swift, who got it from Cicero—allows Sterne to plug in to a literary tradition that privileges collaboration: append something of yours to something of mine. It is this idea of letter-writing as correspondence, a collaborative process between friends or lovers, that unites Sterne to his female correspondent and to literary tradition all at once.

Peeling the Onion: Student Teacher's Conceptions of Literary Understanding.

Science.gov (United States)

Carlsson, Maj Asplund; Fulop, Marta; Marton, Ference

2001-01-01

Studied the theories student teachers held about literary understanding through interviews with 25 Hungarian and 8 Swedish student teachers. Categories of theories captured a substantial portion of the variation in how literary understanding can be seen. Three central aspects of human understanding, variation, discernment, and simultaneity, could…

Stylistic Performance through Affective Marking: A Case of Multilingual Literary Discourse

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Urjani Chakravarty

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This paper provides an overall analysis of how multi-lingual writer like Amitav Ghosh write about emotion in his literary text, and emphasize on how multilingual authors display emotion/affect through use of literary multilingualism (affective markers combined with writer style. Through use of multiple strategies, they reduces the limitations of interpretation of their texts. Furthermore, this paper highlighted the centrally sociolinguistic and cognitive dimensions of the relationships between multilingualism and emotion and how this is influenced by assumptions of Relevance Theory i.e. optimal relevance in a literary text. One should expect to find relationships between sociolinguistic diversity and affective expression for most authors in locally specific ways, whether multilingual or not. Such scholarship can then illuminate how the authors by using literary multilingualism through writer style and affective markers can shape emotions across various contexts in a literary text. Future research into multilingualism and emotion should continue to distinguish between how multilingual authors use linguistic forms to show feeling, and how they express about feeling in their created texts. Keywords: Language, Culture, Literary Multilingualism, Style, Affect and Relevance Theory

An Exemplary High School Literary Magazine: "The Thinking Reed."

Science.gov (United States)

Holbrook, Hilary Taylor, Comp.

One of a series of 20 literary magazine profiles written to help faculty advisors wishing to start or improve their publication, this profile provides information on staffing and production of "The Thinking Reed," the magazine published by Bethlehem Central High School, Delmar, New York. The introduction describes the literary magazine…

Post-digital Books and Disruptive Literary Machines

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pold, Søren Bro; Andersen, Christian Ulrik

The e-book has been launched several times during the last decades and the book’s demise has often been predicted. Furthermore networked and electronic literature has already established a long history. However, currently we witness several interesting artistic and literary experiments exploring...... to sketch out how contemporary literary technologies is integral to develop and reflect critically on post- or semio-capitalism, and furthermore we will discuss how literature functions in a post-industrial software culture such as the one presented by Apple, Amazon and Google....

A canonical-literary reading of Lamentations 5 | Kang | HTS ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This article presents a canonical and literary reading of Lamentations 5 in the context of the book of Lamentations as a whole. Following the approach by Vanhoozer (1998, 2002) based on speech-act theory, the meaning of Scripture is sought at canonical level, supervening the basic literary level. In Lamentations, as ...

Ethnic boundaries in national literary histories: Classification of ethnic minority fiction authors in American, Dutch and German anthologies and literary history books, 1978-2006

NARCIS (Netherlands)

P.P.L. Berkers (Pauwke)

2009-01-01

textabstractThis article compares the classification of ethnic minority fiction writers in American, Dutch and German literary anthologies and literary history books for the period of 1978-2006. Using content analyses, ethnic boundaries are much stronger in Dutch and German textbooks than in their

Dostoevsky v. The Judicial Reforms of 1864: How and Why One of Nineteenth-Century Russia’s Greatest Writers Criticized the Nation’s Most Successful Reform

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Brian Conlon

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The legal reforms of 1864 marked a shift in Russian legal culture from an amorphous, corrupt, pre-modern system of procedure, structure, and customary law to an independent, modern, and westernized system as liberal as that of any nation. These reforms were nearly universally lauded by legal and cultural critics, both at the time they were introduced and in historical accounts. Despite the apparent necessity and success of the new courts, one of the leading figures in nineteenth-century Russian literature (and indeed the history of world literature, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, continually criticized the new system in both his fiction and non-fiction.Through the synthesis of historical, legal, and literary analysis, this study will examine why Dostoevsky had an adverse reaction to the reforms, the literary techniques he used, and whether Dostoevsky presented a viable alternative to the reformed courts. In order to fully comprehend Dostoevsky’s reaction to the reforms, this study will contrast the pre and post-reform judicial systems in Imperial Russia. This study will explore the scope and evolution of Dostoevsky’s criticism of the law through analysis of his pre-reform fiction, including ‘House of the Dead’ and ‘Crime and Punishment,’ his post-reform fiction, including ‘The Idiot,’ ‘Demons,’ and ‘Brothers Karamazov,’ and portions of his experimental literary periodical, ‘A Writer’s Diary.’

Hamlet - little known piece by Enriko Josif: Literary-theoretical, philosophical and musicological views

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marjanović Nataša

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Hamlet is well-known as the most famous tragedy written by William Shakespeare. This dramatic work has, throughout the centuries, lead numerous writers, poets, literary-critics and philosophers to think about universal issues of life, human nature, love, loyalty and friendship. Hamlet has not just been the subject of discussion from the point of view of the theory of literature and human psychology and philosophy, it has also directly inspired the creation of many artistic works. One of those works which forms the main subject-matter of this paper is the almost unknown music for Hamlet by Enriko Josif. Enriko Josif was an extraordinary figure, a versatile artist and thinker, almost a kind of philosopher. In his opinion and in accordance with his inner feeling, art was a matter of divine creation first of all. He admired those artists who dealt with difficult issues of life in their works of art and William Shakespeare was to him one of the most prominent among them. In general terms, we have highlighted certain general points about Josif’s views on an artist’s life and work and have presented our notions about his piece. Specifically, we have tried to point out personal views that Josif held about Hamlet, as well as the most important features of Josif’s music, which are broadly in accordance with the literary, ethical, philosophical and theological critical tradition surrounding this masterpiece.

Adolescents, curriculum, and literary competence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guadalupe López Bonilla

2006-11-01

Full Text Available In this paper we look at access to literary texts, and analyze literacy practices in a specific context and domain: high school literature classes. We start out from a sociocultural perspective for our study of literacy events and practices. In particular, we have begun our research supported by the work of Mary Hamilton and the New Literacy Studies to identify events and their components, in order to infer the practices that give meaning to the events observed. The study was conducted in a state high school (COBACH, and in a federal high school offering two different programs: the General Diploma (GD, similar to that of the COBACH, and the International Baccalaureate Diploma (IB. The results allow us to surmise what type of reader and level of literary competency is offered by each scholastic culture.

Literary Library for Physicians (II

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando A. NAVARRO

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The adequate practice of medicine is a difficult job if some intimate and deep feelings of patients, such pain, loneliness, depression and helplessness facing an incurable disease or the fear of dying, are not fully understood. A good way to gain a satisfactory understanding of such feelings might be the reading of the great literary works of all times. In this “Medical library for physicians” an essential list of seventy literary works from the Modern to the Contemporary periods has been collected. Their plot is about the disease, the madness, the hospital, the professionalism and the historical and social images of the physicians. In the second part of the article, a brief review of the last thirty?five books is carried out. It considers from Sinuhe egyptiläinen (1945 by Mika Waltari to Nemesis (1943 by Philip Roth.

“The Writer Is Essentially Indiscrete.” On the Literary Gossip of a Dutch Literary Celebrity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bax Sander

2017-11-01

Full Text Available In contemporary media culture, literary writers arouse the fascination of media fans by awakening in them the desire for the authentic by publishing autobiographical novels or other forms of life narrative. In doing so, they run the risk of becoming part of media’s large gossip mechanism that plays such a central role nowadays. The public conversation about the books of writers such as the Dutch author Connie Palmen - whose Logboek van een onbarmhartig jaar will be the main case study of this article - becomes focused on the elements of truth and authenticity and ignores the literary or fictional construction of the work. This article discusses the question whether this leaves any room for contemporary star authors to distinguish themselves from media gossipers.

Girl-Child Education and Nigeria's Development Agenda: a Literary ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

We have therefore taken a literary trajectory of select literary female characters with a view to positioning them against the background of their access or otherwise to education (formal and informal), and how this plays out in the shaping of their lives vis-à-vis the Nigerian girl-child's prospect of enhancing herself with a view ...

PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION OF MOUNTAIN CHILDREN IN OLENA TSEHELSKA’S LITERARY WORKS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olha Horetska

2015-04-01

Full Text Available The article analyzes the literary works of a teacher, children’s writer, public figure of Western Ukraine – Olena Tsehelska. It aims to study the system of national-patriotic, moral, religious, labor upbringing of mountain children at the end of XIX – the first third of the XX centuries. It was at this time when revived searches for a new curriculum, new methods and forms of education, laying the foundations of the national-patriotic, civic education of Ukrainian youth. The author stresses that one of the important factors of national education of youth has always been fiction, particularly national bulleted text, which are literary works written by Oelena Tsehelska. In fairy tales, short stories, novels the writer finds out about these family values that have traditionally been famous for residents of mountainous terrain, as a community of spiritual interests, harmony of relationships between representatives of different generations, caring for parents and elderly people in the family, respect for ancestors, family harmony, respect for folk traditions, faith in God that helped to survive in difficult circumstances of war periods, forced relocation to a foreign country. Little heroes from works of Oelena Tsehelska possess such traits as civic consciousness, patriotism, devotion to the interests of the people, the capacity for self-sacrifice, compassion for the poor, love of neighbor. Works written be this writer is an important factor in the preservation of folk traditions, enriching current young generation with them what becomes important in the development of civil society in Ukraine

Empathy at the confluence of neuroscience and empirical literary studies

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Burke, M.; Mangen, Anne; Kuzmicova, Anezka; Schilhab, Theresa

2016-01-01

The objective of this article is to review extant empirical studies of empathy in narrative reading in light of (a) contemporary literary theory, and (b) neuroscientific studies of empathy, and to discuss how a closer interplay between neuroscience and literary studies may enhance our understanding

Surreal and Canny Selves: Photographic Figures in Claude Cahun

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gayle Zachmann

2003-06-01

Full Text Available In her 1975 essay, Le Rire de la méduse , Hélène Cixous enthusiastically announced that it was high time for women to enter into discourse. A full half-century earlier, Claude Cahun (1894-1954, a powerful writer and a haunting photographer and artist, was already inscribing herself, Woman, and a woman's voice in visual and verbal self-portraits, photomontages, prose texts, poetry, and aesthetic and political treatises. Cahun's uncanny interventions in both verbal and visual discourse cannily interrogate conventions of literary and pictorial representation and the constructions of self, gender and culture that they exhibit. Insistently asking readers and spectators, "What's wrong with this picture?," her carnivalesque play with the doxa and the politics of identity, destabilizes not only gender and genre norms, but the boundaries and distinctions between visual and verbal representation. Surreal and Canny Selves explores the aesthetic frameworks of writer/artist Claude Cahun. Elucidating how Cahun's questioning of her self and Surrealist representations of woman were part of a much more expansive adventure that questioned more than femininity—the manuscript moves on to trace how and what Cahun's foregrounding of figuration and, more specifically, photographic figuration, might signify for the uncanny aesthetic practices deployed in the hybrid text Aveux non avenus .

The enigmatic figure of Dr Henry Maudsley (1835-1918).

Science.gov (United States)

Pantelidou, Maria; Demetriades, Andreas K

2014-08-01

In spite of his contribution to psychiatry in 19th century Britain, Henry Maudsley remains a mysterious figure, a man mostly known for his donation to the London County Council for the building of the Maudsley Hospital and for The Maudsley Annual Lecture created in honour of his benevolence. Besides Sir Aubrey Lewis' article in 1951 and Michael Collie's attempt in 1988 to construct a biographical study on Maudsley, there does not seem to be any current endeavour to tell the story of his life, whereas Trevor Turner's contribution to the 2004 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography gives a somewhat scathing but unattributed account of Maudsley's personality. This essay attempts to explore his contributions to the Medico-Psychological Association (MPA), the current Royal College of Psychiatrists, his editorship of the Journal of Mental Health (currently named the British Journal of Psychiatry), his literary contributions and his vision for a psychiatric hospital. This essay is an attempt to demystify his figure and to explore some of the rumours and criticisms surrounding his name and the reasons why so little has been written about him. It is also a venture to unravel his complex personality and his intricate philosophy. © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

Literary Research and Canadian Literature: Strategies and Sources. Literary Research--Strategies and Sources #10

Science.gov (United States)

Reznowski, Gabriella

2011-01-01

Canada's rich literary heritage, dominated by a multicultural and multilingual presence, reflects the country's unique history and experience. In addition, an emerging body of new writers is redefining both the geographic and metaphorical boundaries of Canadian literature. Coupled with the propagation of digital technologies, Canada's burgeoning…

Parody as a Phenomenon of Literary Criticism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natalіia Naumenko

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The article elucidates the properties of a parody as not only an art work, but also as a literary-critical study. There is shown that the parody, according to the creative invention of its author, has the purpose to expose and then to deride the certain disadvantages of on original poetic text; however, in closer reading, it seems to maintain a critical paradigm. First of all, this paradigm reveals all of the noticed flaws as the remedy to make “the creative prophylactics” for a future poet; second, it helps a reader to comprehend as well the positive features of a parodied text (particularly, in reading an original, and also to imagine the image of an author (of either the original or the parody opened to further interpretations. The subjects of studies in this article are Ukrainian literary parodies published throughout the 20th – the beginning of the 21st centuries (authors – Ostap Vyshnia, V. Yaremenko, Yu. Ivakin, A. Bortnyak, I. Havryliuk; there are also analyzed several poetic works that are not parodies a priori, but tend to deride some realia of the authors’ everyday life. There was shown that the efficiency of literary criticism could be defined by not only what the critic said, but also how one did it. Therefore, elucidation of a parody seems to be impossible without studying its generic, stylistic, imagery and compositional characteristics of a potential parody object (original verse work, including the specifications of development of a poet’s individual style within parodying any kind of literary works.

Representativeness in corpora of literary texts: introducing the C18P project

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gemeinböck, Iris

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Currently there are very few specialised corpora of literary texts that are tailored to the needs of literary critics who are interested in corpus stylistic analyses of prose fiction. Many existing corpora including literary texts were compiled for linguistic research interests and are often unsuitable for corpus stylistic purposes. The paper addresses three of the main problems: the absence of labelling of the texts for literary genre, the use of extracts, and the prevalence of linguistic periodisation schemes. C18P is a corpus of prose fiction designed specifically to address these issues. It traces the early development of the novel from 1700 up until the Victorian era. It can, for instance, be used for an analysis of the characteristic linguistic features of individual literary genres and forms. The following paper introduces the design of the corpus as well as some of its potential uses.

Literary heritage and place building for communities: the case of Allier, France

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pierre-Mathieu Le Bel

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Literature’s geography takes an active part in the construction of a social and political space. In a postmodern context of increasing tourist offer and demand, literary tourism is often seen as a niche; an originality factor and a guaranty of authenticity by local development actors and visitors. The present article, consequently, is interested in this dialectic between places and literary heritage. This paper focuses on a participatory action research on citizen associations that promote literary heritage of the County of Allier, France. We look at how local associations build on literary heritage to produce places and representations of those places are aimed at tourist consumption.

Reconsidering the Nature of the Unconscious: A Question on Psychoanalysis in Literary Studies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. Suharjanto, SJ

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Psychoanalysis has been used invariably in literary studies, as it helps literary interpretation to touch the often-puzzling-dimension of motives and feelings in literary works. The domination of psychoanalysis in the twentieth century, however, has been questioned with the new awareness that the unconscious mind is not innate but constructed. Such a disposition challenges not only the practice of using psychoanalysis in literary studies but also the validity of psychoanalysis itself.   DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.2012.150104

Application of Freudian Concepts to the Explication of Literary Texts ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This article established and proved the age old relationship between. Psychology and Literature together with the application of Freudian concepts to the explication of literary texts. The interest of literary critics from Sigmund Freud to Jacques Lacan has been noticeable and remarkable in the field of psychoanalytic criticism.

The Use of "Literary Fiction" to Promote Mentalizing Ability.

Science.gov (United States)

Pino, Maria Chiara; Mazza, Monica

2016-01-01

Empathy is a multidimensional process that incorporates both mentalizing and emotional sharing dimensions. Empathic competencies are important for creating interpersonal relationships with other people and developing adequate social behaviour. The lack of these social components also leads to isolation and exclusion in healthy populations. However, few studies have investigated how to improve these social skills. In a recent study, Kidd and Castano (2013) found that reading literary fiction increases mentalizing ability and may change how people think about other people's emotions and mental states. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of reading literary fiction, compared to nonfiction and science fiction, on empathic abilities. Compared to previous studies, we used a larger variety of empathy measures and utilized a pre and post-test design. In all, 214 healthy participants were randomly assigned to read a book representative of one of three literary genres (literary fiction, nonfiction, science fiction). Participants were assessed before and after the reading phase using mentalizing and emotional sharing tests, according to Zaki and Ochsner' s (2012) model. Comparisons of sociodemographic, mentalizing, and emotional sharing variables across conditions were conducted using ANOVA. Our results showed that after the reading phase, the literary fiction group showed improvement in mentalizing abilities, but there was no discernible effect on emotional sharing abilities. Our study showed that the reading processes can promote mentalizing abilities. These results may set important goals for future low-cost rehabilitation protocols for several disorders in which the mentalizing deficit is considered central to the disease, such as Autism Spectrum Disorders and Schizophrenia.

Painting local colour: a sociolinguistic disposition of the literary artist ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Literary artists have advanced human ways of life through their writings. Hence, literature as a work of art merely lends credence to these persuasions by literary artists. It is possible to describe 'Culture' as the art, literature, music and other intellectual expressions of a particular society or time. Therefore, literature being an ...

Using Literary Texts to Teach Grammar in Foreign Language Classroom

Science.gov (United States)

Atmaca, Hasan; Günday, Rifat

2016-01-01

Today, it is discussed that the use of literary texts in foreign language classroom as a course material isn't obligatory; but necessary due to the close relationship between language and literature. Although literary texts are accepted as authentic documents and do not have any purpose for language teaching, they are indispensable sources to be…

Crime Writing in Southern Africa: A Literary Example of the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Crime writing, long time considered to be of minor quality, generally seeks to reach a large audience. As a literary genre it entered Western history around the 1850s. Literary critics view the origins of this genre in the economic, political and cultural developments of the 19th Century based on various sociological data, ...

Literary Studies: A Preparation for Tertiary Education (and Life Beyond)

Science.gov (United States)

Zabka, Thomas

2016-01-01

My argument is that a literary education should build on a primary level of responsivity towards literature, involving empathy and immersion in the world of the text. To engage with literary works from the past involves a play between familiarity and strangeness, and this play should be located as part of a reader's response to texts, rather than…

Reading Parallel Texts in the Target Language: A Way to Improve Literary Translation Quality

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nazanin Shadman

2013-10-01

Full Text Available The present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of reading Persian literary texts on the quality of literary translations. To this end, 52 students majoring in English translation were randomly assigned to two groups. A Comprehensive English Language Test (CELT was administered to check the homogeneity of the participants. The treatment for the experimental group consisted of reading 60 Persian short stories and poems. In the meantime, the control group went through their ordinary course curriculum. Both groups were asked to translate extracts of two short stories. The translations were then rated. Through statistical analysis, it was revealed that reading Persian literary works, indeed, improves the quality of literary translations. Therefore, to promote a more fruitful instruction on literary translation, it is suggested that translation teachers attempt to consider reading Persian literary works as part of the curriculum and ask students to read Persian texts to the extent possible, so that more qualified translations would be rendered in the area of literature.

Individual Differences in Sensitivity to Style During Literary Reading: Insights from Eye-Tracking

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emiel van den Hoven

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Style is an important aspect of literature, and stylistic deviations are sometimes labeled foregrounded, since their manner of expression deviates from the stylistic default. Russian Formalists have claimed that foregrounding increases processing demands and therefore causes slower reading – an effect called retardation. We tested this claim experimentally by having participants read short literary stories while measuring their eye movements. Our results confirm that readers indeed read slower and make more regressions towards foregrounded passages as compared to passages that are not foregrounded. A closer look, however, reveals significant individual differences in sensitivity to foregrounding. Some readers in fact do not slow down at all when reading foregrounded passages. The slowing down effect for literariness was related to a slowing down effect for high perplexity (unexpected words: those readers who slowed down more during literary passages also slowed down more during high perplexity words, even though no correlation between literariness and perplexity existed in the stories. We conclude that individual differences play a major role in processing of literary texts and argue for accounts of literary reading that focus on the interplay between reader and text.

Reading literary fiction improves theory of mind.

Science.gov (United States)

Kidd, David Comer; Castano, Emanuele

2013-10-18

Understanding others' mental states is a crucial skill that enables the complex social relationships that characterize human societies. Yet little research has investigated what fosters this skill, which is known as Theory of Mind (ToM), in adults. We present five experiments showing that reading literary fiction led to better performance on tests of affective ToM (experiments 1 to 5) and cognitive ToM (experiments 4 and 5) compared with reading nonfiction (experiments 1), popular fiction (experiments 2 to 5), or nothing at all (experiments 2 and 5). Specifically, these results show that reading literary fiction temporarily enhances ToM. More broadly, they suggest that ToM may be influenced by engagement with works of art.

The critic as transvestite: the parody nature of literary criticism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Pruneda Sentíes

2016-09-01

Full Text Available This paper explores a path in the analysis of literary criticism as an object of study. In order to convey this, this essay attempts to define literary criticism as a genre that parodies the literary text it aspires to examine. Mikhail Bakhtin’s analysis of the novelistic discourse is useful to establish a connection between parody and criticism. Although Bakhtin discusses the novel, I ascertain that his arguments may be applied to the description of criticism as a parodic-travestying genre. Secondly, this paper discusses Linda Hutcheon’s work, which states that parody is a repetition of the original text. According to Hutcheon, this repetition implies a critical distance with the parodied text, which marks difference rather than similarity.

[Eugenics, an element of the literary plots of dystopia].

Science.gov (United States)

Baum, Ewa; Musielak, Michał

2007-01-01

The work presents the ideas and assumptions of eugenics, a social philosophy established in 1883 by Francis Galton, which affected the social policies of numerous European countries in the first half of the 20th century. The work shows the effect of eugenics on the literary standards of European prose in the previous century. Two outstanding dystopian novels of the 20th century, The Brave New World by Aldous Huxley and 1984 by George Orwell, situate eugenics as a permanent element of the literary plot of dystopia. Apart from the typical features of this type of novel, for example: personal narration with a trace of irony, a totalitarian state and Newspeak, eugenics is an important element of the literary plot with is aim to exclude and marginalise certain social groups. Eugenics is also one of the main social ideas criticised by both the writers.

Identification of literary movements using complex networks to represent texts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amancio, Diego Raphael; Oliveira, Osvaldo N Jr; Fontoura Costa, Luciano da

2012-01-01

The use of statistical methods to analyze large databases of text has been useful in unveiling patterns of human behavior and establishing historical links between cultures and languages. In this study, we identified literary movements by treating books published from 1590 to 1922 as complex networks, whose metrics were analyzed with multivariate techniques to generate six clusters of books. The latter correspond to time periods coinciding with relevant literary movements over the last five centuries. The most important factor contributing to the distinctions between different literary styles was the average shortest path length, in particular the asymmetry of its distribution. Furthermore, over time there has emerged a trend toward larger average shortest path lengths, which is correlated with increased syntactic complexity, and a more uniform use of the words reflected in a smaller power-law coefficient for the distribution of word frequency. Changes in literary style were also found to be driven by opposition to earlier writing styles, as revealed by the analysis performed with geometrical concepts. The approaches adopted here are generic and may be extended to analyze a number of features of languages and cultures. (paper)

A Literary Study on Moschus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kyu Jae Lee

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Objective : Literary investigation of existing data was conducted to verify effects of Moschus and its herbal acupuncture, and determine quality management through component analysis. Results : Following results were obtained through literary investigation. 1. Deer musk (Moschus is dried navel gland secretions of the adult male musk deer. 2. Moschus is known to be effective for treating various febrile diseases, to revive senses, heart and abdominal pain, complications from cerebral hemorrhage, angina, and others. 3. Single dosage of Moschus is between and should not exceed 1g. Normally taken as powder or pill and may be used externally. 4. Moschus also has protective effects for the liver cells, and experiments revealed possible efficacies for hyperlipidemia, brain damage, hypertension, and etc. 5. For herbal acupuncture usage, Fel Ursi, Bezoar Bovis, and Moschus are used as a mixture (BUM, and it's known to be effective for protecting the liver and treating arthritis. 6. For component analysis of Moschus, aromatic matter 'muscone' should be used as a standard matter.

The Use of “Literary Fiction” to Promote Mentalizing Ability

Science.gov (United States)

Mazza, Monica

2016-01-01

Empathy is a multidimensional process that incorporates both mentalizing and emotional sharing dimensions. Empathic competencies are important for creating interpersonal relationships with other people and developing adequate social behaviour. The lack of these social components also leads to isolation and exclusion in healthy populations. However, few studies have investigated how to improve these social skills. In a recent study, Kidd and Castano (2013) found that reading literary fiction increases mentalizing ability and may change how people think about other people’s emotions and mental states. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of reading literary fiction, compared to nonfiction and science fiction, on empathic abilities. Compared to previous studies, we used a larger variety of empathy measures and utilized a pre and post-test design. In all, 214 healthy participants were randomly assigned to read a book representative of one of three literary genres (literary fiction, nonfiction, science fiction). Participants were assessed before and after the reading phase using mentalizing and emotional sharing tests, according to Zaki and Ochsner’ s (2012) model. Comparisons of sociodemographic, mentalizing, and emotional sharing variables across conditions were conducted using ANOVA. Our results showed that after the reading phase, the literary fiction group showed improvement in mentalizing abilities, but there was no discernible effect on emotional sharing abilities. Our study showed that the reading processes can promote mentalizing abilities. These results may set important goals for future low-cost rehabilitation protocols for several disorders in which the mentalizing deficit is considered central to the disease, such as Autism Spectrum Disorders and Schizophrenia. PMID:27490164

U.S. National Certification in Literary Braille: History and Current Administration

Science.gov (United States)

Bell, Edward

2010-01-01

This article reports on a certification examination for teachers of students with visual impairments--the National Literary Braille Competency Test (NLBCT). It discusses the history, development, pilot testing, and validation of NLBCT and the creation of the National Certification in Literary Braille. Data on the current administration of the test…

Stylistic Performance through Affective Marking: A Case of Multilingual Literary Discourse

Science.gov (United States)

Chakravarty, Urjani

2016-01-01

This paper provides an overall analysis of how multi-lingual writer like Amitav Ghosh write about emotion in his literary text, and emphasize on how multilingual authors display emotion/affect through use of literary multilingualism (affective markers) combined with writer style. Through use of multiple strategies, they reduces the limitations of…

Poetry in Transmedial Perspective: Rethinking Intermedial Literary Studies in the Digital Age

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Schaefer Heike

2015-08-01

Full Text Available In the digital age. literary practice proliferates across different media platforms. Contemporary literary texts are written, circulated and rea|d in a variety of media, ranging from traditional print formats to online environments. This essay explores the implications that the transmedial dispersal of literary culture has for intermedial literary studies. If literature no longer functions as a unified single medium (if it ever did but unfolds in a multiplicity of media, concepts central to intermediality studies, such as media specificity, media boundaries and media change, have to be reconsidered. Taking as its test case the adaptation of E. E. Cummings’s experimental poetry in Alison Clifford’s new media artwork The Sweet Old Etcetera as well as in YouTube clips, the essay argues for a reconceptualization of contemporary literature as a transmedial configuration or network. Rather than think of literature as a single self-contained medium that engages in intermedial exchange and competition with other media, such as film or music, we can better understand how literature operates and develops in the digital age if we recognize the medial heterogeneity and transmedial distribution of literary practice.

Sherlock Holmes: From literary character to pop culture symbol

OpenAIRE

HULCOVÁ, Anna

2013-01-01

The bachelor thesis Sherlock Holmes: From literary character to pop culture symbol deals with the collection of sixty detective stories by Arthur Conan Doyle, the canon. The aim of the thesis is to highlight the aspects that contributed to the popularity of Sherlock Holmes and the series as such. The character of Sherlock Holmes became one of the most adapted literary characters, which is reflected in many areas of popular culture. Special attention is paid to the recent adaptations presentin...

The Viability of Literary Texts.

Science.gov (United States)

Gambone, Kenneth Felix

This study explored whether or not there was an increase in understanding from one literary genre to another, whether or not this growth was apparent from one grade level to another, and whether the growth followed Northrop Frye's suggestion of order: romance, comedy, tragedy, and satire. The high school subjects were asked to read "Merchant of…

PRACTICE OF USING DIFFERENT WAYS OF ANALYSIS OF A FICTION WORK AT LITERARY READING LESSONS

OpenAIRE

Valeriy Syrotenko; Olena Bondarenko

2017-01-01

Analysis of a fiction work at school, in particular in primary school, is based on the methodological studies of the literary analysis, that envisages application of various ways of analysis of a literary text used for the adequate appreciation of its semantic and expressive features. This article is devoted exactly to this range of problems. Literary reading lessons in 2-4th forms set a task of forming schoolchildren’s literary competence, the integral part of which is their ability to an...

El pensament lingüístico-literari de Teodor Llorente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vicent Salvador

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The literary-linguistic thought of the father of the Renaixença in Valencia (his conception of the socio­linguistic functions of Catalan, his vision of the unity of the language, his assessment of the various literary genre, etc. forms a coherent system and can be explained by class interests which brought the Renaixença and its modernizing perspectives to a halt in Valencia.

STRUCTURAL AND CONTENT-RELATED SPECIFICITY OF PROGRAMME LITERARY CRITICISM TEXTS IN THE JOURNAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shilnikova Olga Gennadyevna

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The article specifies the notions of the structural, content-related, figurative, and functional characteristics of the texts which are traditionally referred to the group of informational genres of journalism. This lets us update the system of factors that influence the formation of the texts' genre specificity in the mass media. The analysis of programme literary criticism speeches published in the journals of N.M. Karamzin – Moskovsky Zhurnal, Vestnik Evropy – shows that not only rational and logical structures accomplish the constructive function in the text-formation mechanisms of such publications. The use of imaginative resources of journalistic and artistic discourses plays an important role in the implementation of the author's intentions. The supplementation of programme texts with the components non-typical of informational genres (lyrical and biographical fragments, expressive lexis, artistic and journalistic forms of the author's subjectivity expression is conditioned by organic interaction of several pragmatic goals in the texts, such as: informational, author's individual (Karamzin as a personality, and author's professional (Karamzin as an editor, writer, literary critic. These peculiarities together with a subtext contribute to the formation of new features of programme publications, which are not common for informational genres such as aesthetic function and multi-discursivity, reflected in semantic, expressive and vocabulary redundance. They also expand the range of possible effects on audience – cognitive, emotive, behavioral and communicative. As a result, a unique informational text of a programme type is formed. Therefore, a strict differentiation of genre forms of journal texts is only possible when taking into consideration all the possible text goals, as well as its role in the organization of common-journal discourse and publication policy.

Literary Aesthetics in the Narration of Dagara Folktales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martin Kyiileyang

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Dagara folktales, like other African folktales, are embedded with various literary aesthetic features related to structure, language and performance. This paper examines major literary aesthetics found in Dagara folktales. The methodology used is based on the collection, analysis and interpretation of selected Dagara folktales gathered through fieldwork. The focus of the paper is on the structure and the language of Dagara folktales. The argument of this paper is grounded on the Structuralist Theory as seen in Gerard Genette’s Narrative Discourse which offers the basic constituents and techniques of narrative. Genette proposes various categories of narrative which cover Time, Mood and Voice. Genette’s narrative structure suggests that the various categories and subcategories emphasise that the narrative is a complex structure in which the narratee is largely present in the various strata of the structure. Genette is concerned with the macro-text of the recit, that is, the ordering of events in the narrative. The study revealed that there are similarities and differences in the structure and the language of Dagara folktales in relation to other African folktales. Keywords: Dagara People, Folktale, Literary Aesthetics, Performance, Structuralist Theory

REVIEW: ORAL AND LITERARY CONTINUITIES IN MODERN TIBETAN LITERATURE: THE INESCAPABLE NATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reviewed by Séagh Kehoe

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Oral and Literary Continuities in Modern Tibet: The Inescapable Nation, Lama Jabb's contribution to Studies in Modern Tibetan Culture series, is the first book-length study in English to center the literary, cultural, and political roots of modern Tibetan literature. Written by Lama Jabb, born and raised in a herding community in Amdo and now a junior research fellow in Tibetan and Himalayan Studies at the University of Oxford, this ambitious landmark study offers an in-depth and meticulously researched examination of the persistence of Tibet's artistic and oral traditions in the literary creativity of the present. Spanning a wide-range of oral and literary texts, the book also draws attention to the deep and untiring concern for the Tibetan nation across modern Tibetan writing. The book is neatly organized into seven chapters, along with acknowledgements, an extensive bibliography, index, and short biography of Lama Jabb himself. In 277 pages, it moves gracefully across a diverse and skillfully interwoven set of discussions of Tibetan music, the Tibetan tradition of social criticism, cultural traumas, the Third Generation of Tibetan poets, and contemporary Tibetan erotic poetry, all the while spotlighting literary legacies and the persistent preoccupation for with the Tibetan nation in modern Tibetan literature. ...

A selection of Slovenian literary heroes for the preschool period

OpenAIRE

Dolinar, Ana

2014-01-01

In preschools, Slovenian literary heroes are being displaced by foreign fantastic heroes that impress children via cartoons, magazines and video games. Slovenian heroes are an important part of our culture and can act as companions of sorts within citizenship education of youngsters. This thesis should serve as a promotion of Slovenian literary heroes for children of all ages, beginning with the preschool period. The thesis defines the selection criterion of characters; it introduces their st...

A Classification Scheme for Literary Characters

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Matthew Berry

2017-10-01

Full Text Available There is no established classification scheme for literary characters in narrative theory short of generic categories like protagonist vs. antagonist or round vs. flat. This is so despite the ubiquity of stock characters that recur across media, cultures, and historical time periods. We present here a proposal of a systematic psychological scheme for classifying characters from the literary and dramatic fields based on a modification of the Thomas-Kilmann (TK Conflict Mode Instrument used in applied studies of personality. The TK scheme classifies personality along the two orthogonal dimensions of assertiveness and cooperativeness. To examine the validity of a modified version of this scheme, we had 142 participants provide personality ratings for 40 characters using two of the Big Five personality traits as well as assertiveness and cooperativeness from the TK scheme. The results showed that assertiveness and cooperativeness were orthogonal dimensions, thereby supporting the validity of using a modified version of TK’s two-dimensional scheme for classifying characters.

Nature's Greatest Puzzles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Quigg, Chris

2005-01-01

It is a pleasure to be part of the SLAC Summer Institute again, not simply because it is one of the great traditions in our field, but because this is a moment of great promise for particle physics. I look forward to exploring many opportunities with you over the course of our two weeks together. My first task in talking about Nature's Greatest Puzzles, the title of this year's Summer Institute, is to deconstruct the premise a little bit

On the reception of a literary work

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jacek Wachowski

2018-05-01

Full Text Available The article is an attempt to answer the question: what happens to a literary work – understood as Ingarden’s purely intentional objects – from the recipient’s perspective? And also: how do the images of objects arise in the minds of the audience and what are their properties? Transferring purely intentional objects to the recipient’s perspective changes their status: mental images of objects are subject to numerous fluctuations (based on emotions and cognitive processes. In this way they are transformed into forms that are non-permanent reflections of objects belonging to a literary work. Referring to Ingarden’s terminology, one might say that they become purely intentional reflections (or reflections of purely intentional objects. The article is an attempt to characterize and stratify them.

Vagabond Figures in Slovenian Visual Art and Literature at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robert Simonišek

2011-07-01

Full Text Available The article explores the relationship between visual and literary motifs in Slovenian painting (and illustration, graphics, and drawing and literature (both prose and poetry at the beginning of the twentieth century. It uses examples to show the popularity and rich variety of vagabond figures and their transformations and reciprocity at the level of the painting/text. However, a distinctive feature of this article is that it places the subject within the context of hermeneutics, a method that has not been used in Slovenian art history. In addition, it also reveals the symbolic complexity of the vagabond figure in the context of writers, other works, and social-historical circumstances. The emphasis is placed on artists that showed enthusiasm for this figure as a subject during the Belle Époque and also those that followed the very popular bohemian lifestyle in their everyday lives. The reception of Slovenian folk and traditional motifs from the past produced visual and semantic oscillation in which the phenomena of vagabond figures were systematized and interpreted. Many painters (e.g., Gvidon Birolla, and Maksim Gaspari and writers (e.g., Oton Župančič, Cvetko Golar, and Ivan Cankar clung to the Slovenian tradition with romantic overtones and, in line with their artistic atmosphere, integrated vagabond figures into typical Slovenian landscapes or environments. Some of them followed Symbolism and modernized the figures with autobiographical references (e.g., Fran Tratnik. The situation among the youngest generation of artists in particular showed that they managed to “escape” from copying traditional motifs and instead used them in a modern form in the “here and now” (e.g., Ivan Cankar. The discrepancy between the lack of the vagabond theme in oil painting and strong diversification in illustration, drawing, graphics, and literature could be explained by consumers’ perceived difference between “high” and “popular” art.

Literary ethnographic writing as sympathetic experiment

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dalsgaard, Anne Line

perhaps only implicitly) of research. But we have no direct access to the subjective world of others and can only inhabit their point of view by way of imagination. Writing literary ethnographic text is one way, I will argue, of experimenting with such sympathetic imagination. By putting together observed...

Some considerations about literary analysis modern methods from a didactic perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marialina Ana García Escobio

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This article make it possible a close look to the modern methods of literary analysis, taking as the starting point what the teaching of literature in the joyful context should fulfill in the study of the literary play and the processes of reception and aesthetic statement, as well as the application of the aforementioned methods in the attempt to make the student arrive at rational position; But, at the same time, he/she should feel creator and coauthor of an event that should be lived from a type of special reading done; Herein the importance of a system of methodological work that prepares the professors to contribute from each of the classes to the development of skills for the students´ literary analysis.

Literary Voices in Dubliners

OpenAIRE

Duech, Lorie-Anne

2017-01-01

Critics have already pointed out the importance of Joyce's use of quotation, allusion and parody, especially in his later work. The names of Flaubert, Oscar Wilde and Shakespeare have long been associated with Joyce's writing. This is the type of literary association that places Joyce within "tradition" and "the historical sense" which involves, as T.S. Eliot explains, "a perception, not only of the pastness of the past, but of its presence." Joyce's use of subtexts not only reveals his tende...

Ethnic boundaries in American, Dutch and German national literary policies, 1965-2005

NARCIS (Netherlands)

P.P.L. Berkers (Pauwke)

2009-01-01

textabstractThis article addresses the extent and ways in which ethnic diversity has been part of American, Dutch and German national literary policy from 1965 until 2005. By analyzing the content of policy documents of the National Endowment of the Arts and the Dutch and German Literary Fund, I

LITERARY DEBATES IN THE ROMANIA’S NINETIES CONSEQUENCES AND ASSESSMENTS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucian CHIȘU

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Social systems undergo inevitable turning points in their evolution. These changes may be caused by either progressive accumulation or a major crisis. The latter applies to Romania, who - after being a communist country - grew into a democracy as a result of a popular uprising. The dictatorship and its effects became the favourite topic of discussion in many debates - political, economic, social, or cultural - whose protagonists asserted their various opinions in the name of democracy or general usefulness. The participation in these debates was also exceptional – from well-meaning but resentful people, lucid and/or visionaries, to crypto-communists, apocalyptic and even alienated people. That explains the absence of consensus. The respective period of time was coined as “an endless transition”, a term which covered all the masked avatars of Romanian society (and of the literary phenomenon, too. Confrontations were particularly illustrative within the printed media in the field of culture, which beside tackling the general problems also focused on specific guild issues: the repercussions of the dictatorship on literary life, the writer’s status, the effects of censorship and the freedom of expression, the ethical and moral criteria, the literary canon, the future of publishing houses and literary publications, the very existence of the Writers’ Union of Romania, the literary exile and the ‘inner exile’ (of writers from the Republic of Moldova. The topics above polarized differently, in opposite directions, which could be summarized as follows: in our country, culture was as a form of resistance during communism when Romania was ‘a Siberia of the spirit’. The passing of a quarter of a century from the 1989 popular uprising now facilitates a retrospective overview of those particular times.

Literary text reading and conversation: beyond ethnomethodology boundaries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Viviana Suárez Galvis

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This article leaves aside ethnomethodological approaches to conversation, and aims at opening the debate about the need of conceiving it under the light of pedagogical principles that position it as a propitious discursive gender to express the emotional, aesthetics, thoughtful, and intellectual meetings embodied while reading literary texts. Such interest arose from a research centered on finding the existing relationships between conversation and construction of aesthetical-literary experiences. The results show that students get a pleasant feeling when giving sense to what they read, and this encourages them to share with others their significant experiences when reading, allowing the internal process of meaning construction and the dialogic strengthening of the experiences to be connected.

The Meaning and Significance of Contemporary Media in Collecting and Studying Croatian Oral Literary Heritage

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vanda Babić

2013-05-01

Full Text Available In the study of Croatian oral literary heritage, great importance present the records that have remained preserved as notes on documents, books, songs and poems as part of literary works. Records shows that oral literary text is the subject of research and study of oral heritage. However, the records themselves are not sufficient for studying oral literary text and its context. The text is accompanied by a recorded voice that faithfully represents the diction, rhythm, tone and color of the narrator voice. Videos shows the gestures, context and emotion of the narrator. Without the role of the modern media, oral literary records would be insufficient for studying fundamental aspects of communicativeness that can be interpreted as a context. The media of public communication greatly affects the expansion of the basic ideas of the oral transmission of text which is - storytelling.

Literary Routes: Contributions to Natural/Cultural Heritage Tourism. How landscape transforms literature and tourism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosalinda Ruiz Scarfuto

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Literary routes inspired by landscapes is a topic where cultural and natural routes merge to form an added value of heritage that is greater than either one standing alone.  Landscape is traditionally defined as a consequence of transformations by humans, and its scope rarely takes into account how nature has inspired literature to advance the “intellectual development of humankind,” hence transforming heritage.  Literary routes paralleling transhumance routes embraced by the Sami, First Nations, or Spanish shepherds (full of landscapes, seascapes, and riverscapes, can actively transmit traditional technologies, biodiversity, and cosmic philosophy for the betterment of humankind; for example, the depth of literary heritage inspired by landscapes enhances our collective memory through a network of archives (libraries, collections.  The continuous dissemination of this literature traversing borders, language barriers, and time periods has stimulated literary routes to emerge as a function of moving the experience from an intangible heritage based on imaginary landscapes to a tangible sensory experience in situ following a plot, author’s life, or a myth. Literary routes respond to the demand of the growing target travellers, who are more literate and active today than in the past. They are excited followers of their favourite writers, and seek ways to be in contact with them. Now it is time to rekindle the collective memory, expand the literary dimension, and offer a sensorial in situ experience by adding a literary link. For instance, myths of the Ohlone Nation based near a California wetlands use the symbolic coyote as the intermediary to teach humans how to live in harmony with their ecosystem; or in Spain, Arcipreste de Hita’s novel El Libro de Buen Amor (1330 describes traditions and gastronomy as it criss-crosses the Guadarrama mountains, alongside the Poets’ Route that includes international Nobel prize winners in literature

Automatic figure ranking and user interfacing for intelligent figure search.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hong Yu

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Figures are important experimental results that are typically reported in full-text bioscience articles. Bioscience researchers need to access figures to validate research facts and to formulate or to test novel research hypotheses. On the other hand, the sheer volume of bioscience literature has made it difficult to access figures. Therefore, we are developing an intelligent figure search engine (http://figuresearch.askhermes.org. Existing research in figure search treats each figure equally, but we introduce a novel concept of "figure ranking": figures appearing in a full-text biomedical article can be ranked by their contribution to the knowledge discovery.We empirically validated the hypothesis of figure ranking with over 100 bioscience researchers, and then developed unsupervised natural language processing (NLP approaches to automatically rank figures. Evaluating on a collection of 202 full-text articles in which authors have ranked the figures based on importance, our best system achieved a weighted error rate of 0.2, which is significantly better than several other baseline systems we explored. We further explored a user interfacing application in which we built novel user interfaces (UIs incorporating figure ranking, allowing bioscience researchers to efficiently access important figures. Our evaluation results show that 92% of the bioscience researchers prefer as the top two choices the user interfaces in which the most important figures are enlarged. With our automatic figure ranking NLP system, bioscience researchers preferred the UIs in which the most important figures were predicted by our NLP system than the UIs in which the most important figures were randomly assigned. In addition, our results show that there was no statistical difference in bioscience researchers' preference in the UIs generated by automatic figure ranking and UIs by human ranking annotation.The evaluation results conclude that automatic figure ranking and user

Features of Aestheticism in Literary Heritage of Mikhail Kuzmin

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elena Kolmykova

2015-08-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the main principles of aestheticism reflected in the literary works of Mikhail Kuzmin, the author of well-known lines: “Широки и спокойны струи, Как судоходный Дунай!” The sources of M. Kuzmin’s aestheticism, such as ideas of Pre-Raphaelites, French symbolists, English aesthetes are under investigation. It is stated that literary heritage of Oscar Wilde greatly influenced M. Kuzmin’s critical works.

Problems of Kazakh Literary Criticism Formation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhandos Smagulov

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Тhe article is concerned with the problem of scientific research of Kazakh literature formation in national science. Kazakh literature, having long history of formation is classified by periods. Besides, the article thoroughly considers the principles of the study of methodology, theory, history of spiritual heritage in Kazakh literary criticism

Household Scribes and the Production of Literary Manuscripts in Early Modern England

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcy L. North

2015-03-01

Full Text Available In early modern English households, literate servants such as tutors, chaplains, stewards, secretaries, and ladies in waiting were well positioned to assist their employers in the assembly and copying of verse miscellanies, anthologies, and other literary manuscripts. Looking at several literary manuscripts, some with known servant contributions and others that suggest the participation of household retainers, the essay explores the likelihood that literate servants often performed scribal tasks above and beyond their formal job descriptions, even serving as scribe for their employers’ hobbies and leisure activities. Although copying was an arduous task, servants appear to have viewed these duties not simply as part of their job but also as gift exchanges, as appeals for promotion or patronage, and as a means by which they might gain access to manuscript literature and literary circles. Studies of early modern letter writing have called attention to many of the copy tasks of literate household servants, but the integral role of literate servants in the collection, copying, and preservation of literary manuscripts deserves much more attention.

An Afropolitan literary aesthetics?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rahbek, Ulla; Knudsen, Eva Rask

2017-01-01

This article discusses what the authors call an emerging Afropolitan aesthetics. Through an exploration of recurring stylistic features, the article focuses particularly on the trope of a mobility-induced anxiety that entwines place and self. The ontological and affective troping of return...... and of self-understanding and the contemporary signification of Africa as a complex place of relocation and reconnection are explored in discussions of literary characters in Taiye Selasi’s Ghana Must Go (2013), Yvonne Owuor’s Dust (2014), Sefi Atta’s A Bit of Difference (2013) and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie...

Marginalia. The Literary Independence of Spanish America

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Guillermo Gómez García

2010-12-01

Full Text Available This article discusses some of the characteristic problems and issues of the so-called “literary independence” of Spanish America in the light of its political emancipation from Spain. This topic goes beyond the temporal framework or the periodization of the wars of independence; instead, it covers the entire nineteenth century and part of the twentieth, and appears discontinuously and non-simultaneously in the different nations. The path followed by Spanish American literature was filled with vicissitudes,manifestations, and regressions of diverse types. The paper specifically analyzes La biblioteca americana and El repertorio americano by the Venezuelan, Andrés Bello, and Juan García del Río, a native of Cartagena, as well as the role of the young Argentinean Domingo F. Sarmiento, author of Facundo, in the genesis and first outlines of an independent Spanish American “literary expression”.

A canonical-literary reading of Lamentations 5

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shinman Kang

2009-08-01

Full Text Available This article presents a canonical and literary reading of Lamentations 5 in the context of the book of Lamentations as a whole. Following the approach by Vanhoozer (1998, 2002 based on speech-act theory, the meaning of Scripture is sought at canonical level, supervening the basic literary level. In Lamentations, as polyphonic poetic text, the speaking voices form a very important key for the interpretation of the text. In the polyphonic text of Lamentations, the shifting of the speaking voices occurs between Lamentations 1 and 4. Lamentations 5 is monologic. The theories of Bakhtin (1984 are also used to understand the book of Lamentations. In this book, chapter 5 forms the climax where Jerusalem cries to God. We cannot, however, find God’s answer to this call in Lamentations; we can find it only within the broader text of the Christian canon.

The Inter-Semiotic Negotiation between the Literary and the Cinematographic Image

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen DOMINTE

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Considering the postmodern perspective, a text or a discourse never ends, but continues in other texts and discourses. Besides the physical limits, any literary text or discourse develops in a literary system of references belonging to other texts or discourses. The concept of inter-semiotic negotiation describes the process of inter-action realized between two semiotic systems and shows that the meaning generated from one system can be transposed into another semiotic system and, even more, from the writer to the reader, and even further, from the director to the spectator, but mediated through different types of codes. Transferring the aesthetic meaning from one form of art (literature to another (cinematography, there are specific changes for the artistic manner of performance and reception but the common element that may link both arts is represented by the image: literary and cinematographic.

The evolution of conceptions about space and time in literary theory

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lazić Nebojša J.

2012-01-01

Full Text Available This work considers the function of space and time in poetics of literary text from the antique period till the theory of deconstruction as well as from Aristotle till Jacques Derrida and Paul de Man. The science of literature did not equally treat the problem of space and the problem of time as the elements of the literary work's structure. Disbalance presents the damage of studying the space because there is a significant number of monographs about time. Since the categories of space and time are the areas of studying physical and spiritual sciences, it was necessary to pay attention to considering these questions in exact sciences such as Physics, Maths etc. Further development of the science of literature is not possible without describing the role of space and time in writing and shaping a literary text. .

Literary Translation and Cultural Challenges: JhumpaLahiri's The Namesake

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sura M. Khrais

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This paper discusses how the nature of literary translation differs from other forms of translation by looking at practical difficulties and challenges notable in the Arabic translation of Lahiri's novel The Namesake (2003. The difficulties discussed are cultural differences which have created “untranslatable” cultural-bound words and phrases, as well as specialized vocabulary. The paper explores the conflict between the translator's duty to accuracy and his/her duty to literary translation as an art form. One problem faced by the prose-translator is finding terms in his or her own language that are faithful as much as possible to the meaning of certain words in S.L. For example, there are words which describe specific rituals or those related to typical architecture, fabrics, and cookery; these and many others represent the specific culture of the original text and the translator needs to be careful when translating them. The researcher finally suggests that there is a need to expand the perimeters of  translation studies specially those dealing with literary prose because the translators and researchers lay more emphasis on the translation of poetry.

Computational Physics' Greatest Hits

Science.gov (United States)

Bug, Amy

2011-03-01

The digital computer, has worked its way so effectively into our profession that now, roughly 65 years after its invention, it is virtually impossible to find a field of experimental or theoretical physics unaided by computational innovation. It is tough to think of another device about which one can make that claim. In the session ``What is computational physics?'' speakers will distinguish computation within the field of computational physics from this ubiquitous importance across all subfields of physics. This talk will recap the invited session ``Great Advances...Past, Present and Future'' in which five dramatic areas of discovery (five of our ``greatest hits'') are chronicled: The physics of many-boson systems via Path Integral Monte Carlo, the thermodynamic behavior of a huge number of diverse systems via Monte Carlo Methods, the discovery of new pharmaceutical agents via molecular dynamics, predictive simulations of global climate change via detailed, cross-disciplinary earth system models, and an understanding of the formation of the first structures in our universe via galaxy formation simulations. The talk will also identify ``greatest hits'' in our field from the teaching and research perspectives of other members of DCOMP, including its Executive Committee.

78 FR 35642 - Certain TV Programs, Literary Works for TV Production and Episode Guides Pertaining to Same...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-13

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Docket No 2959] Certain TV Programs, Literary Works for TV... Certain TV Programs, Literary Works for TV Production and Episode Guides Pertaining to Same, DN 2959; the... importation of certain TV programs, literary works for TV production and episode guides pertaining to same...

Figure-ground assignment in pigeons: evidence for a figural benefit.

Science.gov (United States)

Lazareva, Olga E; Castro, Leyre; Vecera, Shaun P; Wasserman, Edward A

2006-07-01

Four pigeons discriminated whether a target spot appeared on a colored figural shape or on a differently colored background by first pecking the target and then reporting its location: on the figure or the background. We recorded three dependent variables: target detection time, choice response time, and choice accuracy. The birds were faster to detect the target, to report its location, and to learn the correct response on figure trials than on background trials. Later tests suggested that the pigeons might have attended to the figural region as a whole rather than using local properties in performing the figure-background discrimination. The location of the figural region did not affect figure-ground assignment. Finally, when 4 other pigeons had to detect and peck the target without making a choice report, no figural advantage emerged in target detection time, suggesting that the birds' attention may not have been automatically summoned to the figural region.

CULTURAL NATIONALISM AND THE IRISH LITERARY REVIVAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Pierce

2002-12-01

Full Text Available The impact of cultural nationalism on the Insh Literary Revival is a topic of continuing interest for the cultural critic and literary historian alike. In recent years, with the Fa11 of the Berlin Wall, political scientists and others, suchas A.D. Smith, Ernest Gellner, and E.J. Hobsbawm, have also focused on the subject of nationalism. The intention here in this article is to revisit a familiar site in the light of these new ideas and to test their validity or appropriateness in the Irish context. The article, part of a larger project to be published in 2003 by Polity Press under the title A Cultural History of Twentieth-Century Irish Literature, is divided into 5 sections: What ish my Nation?; What is a Nation?; Do Nations Have Navels?; 1890s: Winds of Change; English As We Speak It In Ireland. Among Irish authors discussed are Hyde, Shaw. Yeats, Wilde, Lady Gregory, Joyce, and Beckett.

Figure 7

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — Two files provided. The ENS.tar file contains text data files (*.csv) used to create Figure 7 and Figure 8. The Figure7.txt is an R script that reads these files and...

Contribution of Miklošič to the formation of literary Slovenian

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martina Orožen

1972-12-01

Full Text Available Not enough light has yet been shed on Miklošič's contribution to the formation of the Slovene literary language, nor has his achievement been sufficiently evaluated. His influence on the theoretical basis of the literary norm and on the actual formation of the modern literary language lasted at least half a century (from 1849 to 1916. Miklošič's personality as well as his work ope.ned three important lines of research for Slovene linguistics and for the cultivation of the Slovene language. 1. In his practical work as translator and editor (Obće dedavljanski zakonik; Slovensko berilo Miklosic introduced, in the early fifties, "new forms" into the literary language, and won for them the young generation of students, who established them in journalism and belles lettres. Thereby, the fundamental step, based on synchronic considerations, was taken towards a more uniform grammatical structure of the literary language. (The "new forms" were used in some botder regions within the Slovene speaking area. 2. Miklošič 's scientific research method opened up new research fields not only for Slavic, but also for Slovene studies. Under Miklošič's guidance his students were encouraged to study language history (the Pannonian theory and dialectology, and to describe morphological and syntactic categories of the modern literary language. 3. The application of Miklošič 's historico-comparative linguistic method to the normative description of the modern language (J anežič's grammar of 1863 resulted in an "ideal" etymological/historical orthography for the literary language and contributed to the lasting stability of its morphological system. In some respects this led to considerable recession into the dead past of the language (appeal to Old Church Slavonic and 16th century Slovene. The incorporation into Slovene of Croatian Kajkavian linguistic characteristics as well as the availability of the language features of East Slovenia (Prekmurje, Prlekija

New Transnational Literary Histories on the World Scene

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Remo Ceserani

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Il saggio discute il rapporto sempre più problematico fra storia della letteratura e identità nazionale. Dopo aver esaminato alcune storie recenti che continuano a privilegiare la dimensione nazionale ed esclusivamente letteraria della materia trattata, si sofferma su alcune interessanti esperienze di storie che trattano la produzione culturale e letteraria di intere zone geografiche, a prescindere dalle identità statali, culturali e linguistiche di singoli Paesi e nazioni (per esempio: l’Europa centro-orientale, la penisola iberica, l’intero continente sudamericano. Fra i testi presi in esame: la Storia della letteratura ungherese, a cura di B. Ventavoli (2002-2004, la Storia della letteratura polacca, a cura di L. Marinelli (2004, la Geografia e storia della civiltà letteraria rumena nel contesto europeo, a cura di B. Mazzoni e A. Tarantino (2010, la History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe, a cura di M. Cornis-Pope e J. Neubauer (2004-2010, la New History of German Literature, a cura di D. E. Wellbery e J. Ryan (2004, la New History of French Literature, a cura di D. Hollier (1998, la Comparative History of Literatures in the Iberian Peninsula, a cura di F. Cabo Aseguinolaza, A. Abuín Gonzales e C. Domínguez (2010, la New Literary History of America, a cura di G. Marcus e W. Sollors (2009 e le Literary Cultures of Latin America, a cura di M. Valdés e D. Kadir (2004.

INTERTEXTUALITY AND LITERARY MEMOIRS: READING AS MEMOIRS’ PRAXIS IN RUI KNOPFLI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Otavio Henrique Meloni

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Reading and writing practices are inseparable, quite intimate and revealing a deep memory exercise. For most people it is such an exercise, and always shares the memory associated intimate fragments with social and cultural aspects. So when we think of memory that is built through the readings of an individual, we have various spheres of thought and reflection on the same reality, even transformed by his gaze reader. This paper discusses the role of literary memoirs in building the poetic universe of Mozambican Rui Knopfli, taking into account their condition “deterritorialized” and the  need to assert a place of belonging (reading as bound reference. This site security is strengthened at the junction memory literary with intertextu­ality that it causes. We thus believe that the literary memoirs assume the role of place belongs to the poetical subject of Mozambique, softening their fractures of naturalness, stating and justifying the existence of the subject through their reading experience.

Critical Thinking Skills to Literary Works: A Method of Teaching Language through Literature

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fithriyah Inda Nur Abida

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Teaching a language has become a challenging task for the teachers to train and to teach language for their students. In present time, the ability to master a language is vital for a language is a powerful means of  communicating. Most of us will not focus on the language present in the literature part because our mind sets only towards the grammar. This has made both the teacher and students to ignore the literature part and made them to focus only on grammatical part to learn language. The urge behind using literary works in the teaching a language is to argue that the current attempts to implant literary works to the teaching of a language definitely develop students’ critical thinking in such a way that help them to easily master a particular language. Learning literary works in a classroom not only make the students learn about a story but also study how the language are structured and how its structured bring a great difference in meaning. Through a literary works student sees the language of real-life contexts. They learn the feelings, ideas, and experiences of linguistics components that give a realistic touch and help them to learn a language in a comprehensive way. It is also found that using literary works in the teaching learning process can improve student’s ability both in micro-linguistics and macro-linguistics.

Some considerations about literary analysis modern methods from a didactic perspective

OpenAIRE

Marialina Ana García Escobio; Moraima Pérez Barrera; María del Carmen Miló Anillo

2016-01-01

This article make it possible a close look to the modern methods of literary analysis, taking as the starting point what the teaching of literature in the joyful context should fulfill in the study of the literary play and the processes of reception and aesthetic statement, as well as the application of the aforementioned methods in the attempt to make the student arrive at rational position; But, at the same time, he/she should feel creator and coauthor of an event that should be lived from ...

Exploring the Materiality of Literary Apps for Children

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Henkel, Ayoe Qvist

2016-01-01

Children’s literature is increasingly being realized in app format, with its possibilities of combining text, music, sound effects, stills, animated movies, verbal language, and, not least, interactivity. This digital and medial literary development calls for new analytical approaches to explore...

CONTEXTUAL APPROACH TO LITERARY CRITICISM: DOSTOEVSKY AND PSYCHOANALYSIS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. G. Kalashnikov

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is to demonstrate the possibilities of application of the contextual approach, developed in pedagogy and psychology, in the process of literary analysis. Initially contextual approach was developed by A. A. Verbitsky as a methodology of education. A key category of this approach was the context, interpreted A. A. Verbitsky as a psychological phenomenon. Accordingly, in this paper on the basis of later research context is understood as a psychological mechanism of semantic, objectified in external forms of test patches, social and communicative situations, etc. Now contextual approach became general psychological methodology, which led to the possibility of its application in various fields of the humanities in particular – in psycholinguistic literary studies, where the notion of «context » is used in-depth psychological interpretation. Methods. The contextual approach developed by A. A. Verbitsky as the main component of methodology of education became the main instrument of the research stated in the publication. Besides a field of the general education, this approach is applicable to various private spheres – to educational aspect of education, and also to methodology of teaching various subject matters – mathematicians, biology, foreign languages, etc. The contextual approach at the level of allpsychological methodology has allowed to apply it in various fields of humanitarian knowledge, in particular in literary researches with a strongly pronounced psychological perspective. The contextual analysis corresponding to approach has been chosen as a method of work.Results. Based on A. A. Verbitsky’s interpretation and results of the latest researches the author shows that the context is a semantic mechanism, objectified in external forms of test fragments, social and communicative situations, etc. The following types of contexts are allocated: microcontext of a personality and works of an author, a mesocontext

LITERARY THEMES IN ITALIAN PERIODICALS IN RIJEKA FROM 1900 TO 1919

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dolores Miškulin

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Despite the abundance of periodicals in Italian language in Rijeka in the second half of the 19th century and early 20th century, their comprehensive and systematic research together with their modern and objective evaluation is still insufficient. With the aim of contributing to the elucidation and analysis of under-studied Italian publications in Rijeka, we have tried to consider from the contemporary point of view the context in which the subject of our interest appears, to study the available written documents, and to evaluate the facts of literary phenomena within a given corpus. We have tried to substantiate by examples the thesis that literary themes in our local newspapers and magazines of Italian language expression, besides further exploring the Italian literary heritage, have contributed to our overall cultural events through the opening of aesthetic horizons of readers and a number of authors, and have largely contributed to the intertwining of the two cultures. Through testing, systematization and classification of literary topics, we concluded that newspapers and magazines in Rijeka, as the most important medium of the historical period that we examined, have had a significant and dynamic part in the process that led to the gradual change of mindset, views on society and art, and an overall way of thinking and action. In our opinion, through our contribution we have tried to reconstruct from oblivion a valuable segment of Rijeka's cultural heritage.

Ecological economics and literary communication: Axes of discourse ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ecological economics and literary communication: Axes of discourse in Ifeanyi Izuka's Travails of the black gold. ... and environmental messages that affect the econiche, and for exploring human conditions and values as characters react to extraordinary economic and ecological situations that have universal application.

The Relationship between Home Literary Environments and Attitudes toward Reading in Ninth-Grade Students.

Science.gov (United States)

Kubis, Mary Ellen

A study determined what variables in the home literary environments of ninth-grade students influenced their attitudes toward reading. Subjects, 316 students from 2 ninth-grade classes at 2 metropolitan high schools, were given the Estes Reading Attitude Scale and a researcher-developed, 30-question inventory of their home literary environment.…

Literary Genres in Social Life: A Narrative, Audio-visual and Poetic Approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Felipe González Gutiérrez

2008-05-01

Full Text Available The proposal, "Literary Genres in Social Life: a Narrative, Audio-visual and Poetic Approach", attempts, by objective, to present/display to the academic psychology community and compatible social science disciplines the main contributions of literary genre theory through a social constructionist understanding of narrations and daily stories, and by means of an interactive construction of narrative collage. This work, sustained by an investigation financed by the University Santo Tomás in Bogota, Colombia, "Understanding of structuralist literary theories in the development of the narrative 'I' within the social constructionist approach", tries to propose alternative spaces for the presentation of its investigative results through the expression of metaphors, visual narrative sequences and interactive artistic forms, which invite the spectator to share in and to include/understand important concepts in the consolidation of social forms of construction of the quotidian. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0802373

RETRACTED: Translating Connotative Meaning in Literary Texts at the University of Petra

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Akram M. Beiruti

2013-09-01

Full Text Available This article is primarily concerned with the investigation of the importance of connotation in translation. The four meanings normally discussed in semantics are denotation, connotation, reference and sense. Denotation is the frame of meaning, which is found in definitions given by dictionaries; while connotation is an additional shade of meaning added to the denotation of a word. Pragmatic meanings play an important role in the interpretation of a literary text. They need to be handled carefully by translators, and are likely not to survive the process of translation. Their meanings are fragile and often culture specific. They may also be highly personal associated with the author himself. In literary translation, meaning can only be accurate to a certain degree, since it is looking for the connotative as well as the denotative meanings. As such the successful translator is aware of the multiple meanings of the word. Whilst the translator has to cope with the different shades of word meanings, which are in non-literary translation, he can achieve anywhere near perfection. It worth mentioning that poetry is the hardest of all literary genres to translate, because it has some linguistic factors to account for (notably sound, rhyme and meter and connotation. Thus the importance of connotation is of utmost importance in translation. which translators have to be aware of.

The Literary Language of Cervantes El comedido hidalgo by Eslava Galán

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Miguel Monterrubio Prieto

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work is to study in what way Eslava incorporates into “El Comedido Hidalgo” the literary techniques of Cervantes. It has been pointed out that Cervantes created, in some passages, an archaic language with a medieval appearance. Eslava, on the other hand, makes up a new language; new because it is not an accurate reproduction of the XVI and XVII centuries spoken language. This work shows how the novel fits a great amount of literary resources of Cervantes but in a different and new way. It is not about an exact copy of Cervantes´s literary techniques, but a hyperbole, sometimes transgressive, of these techniques. It is also a support of a critical, ironical and burlesque view of the Spanish Golden Era.

Using "The Giving Tree" To Teach Literary Criticism.

Science.gov (United States)

Remler, Nancy Lawson

2000-01-01

Argues that introducing students to literary criticism while introducing them to literature boosts their confidence and abilities to analyze literature, and increases their interest in discussing it. Describes how the author, in her college-level introductory literature course, used Shel Silverstein's "The Giving Tree" (a children's…

Presenting Fake Figures: A Tool to Teach Effective Scientific Figure Design

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Veronica A. Segarra

2013-08-01

Full Text Available As trained scientists, we become adept not only at analyzing and understanding figures in the scientific literature, but also at designing figures to effectively represent our own data and findings. As educators, we strive to pass on these skills to our students, some of whom will ultimately become scientists themselves. Conveying the principles of effective figure design can be challenging, particularly when students have had little exposure to the process of reading scientific literature, much less writing a piece of scientific literature. Improvisational activities in the classroom reinforce teaching goals such as spontaneity, risk-taking, creativity, communication skills, team-building, and critical thinking (2. Indeed, improv training for scientists is becoming more common, helping scientists to communicate more spontaneously about their work and connect with their audience (1. In this article, we present an improvisational game that can aid in the teaching of effective scientific figure design. This “Present-a-Fake-Figure Exercise” is applicable to both the classroom and laboratory settings. In this learning activity, students improvise presenting fake scientific figures to an audience of their peers. These fake figures are prepared beforehand by the instructor and exemplify the do’s and don’ts of scientific figure design. Some of the learning outcomes of the activity include (1 identifying what makes a scientific figure cohesive, easy to analyze, and reader-friendly, and (2 identifying strategies that are useful in the design of a multi-panel figure to convey a scientific story.

The teacher's role in selecting a methodological approach to the interpretation of a literary work

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stakić Mirjana M.

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The paper looks at the teacher's role in selecting a methodological approach to the interpretation of a literary work. The choice of methodological approach is dependent on: 1 the semiotic structure of the literary text; 2 the specific educational goals of interpretation; 3 the students' age, psychophysical abilities and knowledge, and 4 the planned circumstances of instruction. In selecting a method of interpretation, the teacher should take into consideration not only these factors, but also contemporary literary theory and its methodological apparatus. This can be a challenging task whose fulfillment does not guarantee that the interpretation will be successful, since the validity and functionality of the methodological approach cannot be established in theory but rather through teaching practice. It is up to the teacher to be creative, because a literary work cannot be interpreted by means of a single method but always through a combination of methods, certain of which have their origins in literary theory. There is a widespread belief among teachers that these methods, which have the status of technical/special methods in literary methodology, cannot be used in the first four grades of elementary school. This paper offers an example illustrating that the interpretive model can be used as early as first grade. A teacher's knowledge, as well as their creativity in selecting a method and their openness to creative methodological combinations and skill in applying them, directly affect the effectiveness of interpretation, either succeeding in developing a fondness for books and reading, or, failing that, resulting in a permanent loss of interest in the world of literature.

Tragedy and the sovereignty of God: Christian literary criticism and the concept of tragedy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I. Haarhoff

1979-03-01

Full Text Available A Christian approach to literature is easily confused with a theological approach. There are many dangers implicit in such an approach. Sallie McFague TeSelle says the following about theologians who presume to violate the bounds of both theology and literature by attempting literary criticism: “There is no reason to suppose that those trained in theology, or philosophy for that matter, are likely to possess, what is essential to the practice of literary criticism, that ‘sensitiveness of the intelligence’ described by Matthew Arnold as equivalent to conscience in moral matters. A theological training seems to have a disabling effect and has subsequently to be struggled against when literary criticism is the concern.” (TeSelle 1966:4.

Violent Children in Today's Schools: A Literary Review and a Behavior Management Plan for Administrators.

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, Paula; Karr-Kidwell, PJ

This paper presents a relevant literary review and then develops a behavior-management program within schools encompassing social-skills training for all children. Both the literary review and this program can be used to educate administrators, educators, parents, and students about behaviors and warning signs associated with violent children. The…

Edward Said's Worldliness, Amateurism and Heterotopia: Negotiating the Interdisciplinarity of Literary Theory, Canonicity, and Paradigm

Science.gov (United States)

Abu-Shomar, Ayman

2016-01-01

Literary criticism nowadays is essentially crossing the boundaries of disciplinarity and canonicity where literary theory has increasingly been shaped by overlapping concepts and branching out of theories as well as whipping out the limitations imposed by theory itself. The post-conditions of contemporaneity have imposed a view of reading and…

Classification and Criticism of Nigeria Literary Drama | Iwuchukwu ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nigerian drama has gained prominent and permanent position on the world literary map especially with the winning of the Nobel Prize by Wole Soyinka. In spite of this, problems of definition and criticism of Nigerian drama still persists. The Relativist-Evolution controversies on the origin and classification of Nigerian drama ...

“Pajaritas de papel” by Jaime Campmany: a contribution to Spanish literary journalism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Fernández Jiménez

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to give the reader an overview of Jaime Campmany’s early career as a columnist who wrote literary articles he called ‘Pajaritas de papel’ (folded papers birds, which were published daily in the newspaper Arriba from 1966 to 1970. Due to the excellent quality of his literary writings within the framework of a new type of journalism being developed at the time, ‘Pajaritas de papel’ made a clear contribution to the study of literary journalism near the end of the post-war period in Spain due to his ability to reveal information in his articles at a time when the press was still suffering the impediment of censorship. For that reason and more, we consider his articles to have set a valuable precedent for the exalted status that opinion columns achieved in the decades that followed.

Are figure legends sufficient? Evaluating the contribution of associated text to biomedical figure comprehension.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Hong; Agarwal, Shashank; Johnston, Mark; Cohen, Aaron

2009-01-06

Biomedical scientists need to access figures to validate research facts and to formulate or to test novel research hypotheses. However, figures are difficult to comprehend without associated text (e.g., figure legend and other reference text). We are developing automated systems to extract the relevant explanatory information along with figures extracted from full text articles. Such systems could be very useful in improving figure retrieval and in reducing the workload of biomedical scientists, who otherwise have to retrieve and read the entire full-text journal article to determine which figures are relevant to their research. As a crucial step, we studied the importance of associated text in biomedical figure comprehension. Twenty subjects evaluated three figure-text combinations: figure+legend, figure+legend+title+abstract, and figure+full-text. Using a Likert scale, each subject scored each figure+text according to the extent to which the subject thought he/she understood the meaning of the figure and the confidence in providing the assigned score. Additionally, each subject entered a free text summary for each figure-text. We identified missing information using indicator words present within the text summaries. Both the Likert scores and the missing information were statistically analyzed for differences among the figure-text types. We also evaluated the quality of text summaries with the text-summarization evaluation method the ROUGE score. Our results showed statistically significant differences in figure comprehension when varying levels of text were provided. When the full-text article is not available, presenting just the figure+legend left biomedical researchers lacking 39-68% of the information about a figure as compared to having complete figure comprehension; adding the title and abstract improved the situation, but still left biomedical researchers missing 30% of the information. When the full-text article is available, figure comprehension

Figure5

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — This is an R statistics package script that allows the reproduction of Figure 5. The script includes the links to large NetCDF files that the figures access for O3,...

Annotation of toponyms in TEI digital literary editions and linking to the web of data

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frontini, Francesca

2016-07-01

Full Text Available This paper aims to discuss the challenges and benefits of the annotation of place names in literary texts and literary criticism. We shall first highlight the problems of encoding spatial information in digital editions using the TEI format by means of two manual annotation experiments and the discussion of various cases. This will lead to the question of how to use existing semantic web resources to complement and enrich toponym mark-up, in particular to provide mentions with precise georeferencing. Finally the automatic annotation of a large corpus will show the potential of visualizing places from texts, by illustrating an analysis of the evolution of literary life from the spatial and geographical point of view.

USING AUTHENTIC LITERARY WORKS FOR THE FORMATION OF LEXICAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE GERMAN LANGUAGE TEACHERS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Антоніна Палецька-Юкало

2014-10-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the advantages of use of authentic literary works as the main sphere of learning and improvement of foreign language vocabulary.The definition of lexical competence has been suggested. The possibilities for perceiving and analysis of such language phenomena as synonyms, antonyms, polisemic words, lexical links, linguistic clichés non-equivalent and emotionally colored vocabulary of authentic literary works as the basis of the formation of German lexical competence of future teachers have been grounded. The process of investigation has revealed that lexical contents of authentic literary works contribute to a comprehensive dictionary and learning connected speech structures, provide frequent repetition of lexical items, and create a sense of language.

Narrativity and enaction: the social nature of literary narrative understanding.

Science.gov (United States)

Popova, Yanna B

2014-01-01

This paper proposes an understanding of literary narrative as a form of social cognition and situates the study of such narratives in relation to the new comprehensive approach to human cognition, enaction. The particular form of enactive cognition that narrative understanding is proposed to depend on is that of participatory sense-making, as developed in the work of Di Paolo and De Jaegher. Currently there is no consensus as to what makes a good literary narrative, how it is understood, and why it plays such an irreplaceable role in human experience. The proposal thus identifies a gap in the existing research on narrative by describing narrative as a form of intersubjective process of sense-making between two agents, a teller and a reader. It argues that making sense of narrative literature is an interactional process of co-constructing a story-world with a narrator. Such an understanding of narrative makes a decisive break with both text-centered approaches that have dominated both structuralist and early cognitivist study of narrative, as well as pragmatic communicative ones that view narrative as a form of linguistic implicature. The interactive experience that narrative affords and necessitates at the same time, I argue, serves to highlight the active yet cooperative and communal nature of human sociality, expressed in the many forms than human beings interact in, including literary ones.

Narrativity and Enaction: The Social Nature of Literary Narrative Understanding

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yanna B. Popova

2014-08-01

Full Text Available This paper proposes an understanding of literary narrative as a form of social cognition and situates the study of such narratives in relation to the new comprehensive approach to human cognition, enaction. The particular form of enactive cognition that narrative understanding is proposed to depend on is that of participatory sense-making, as developed in the work of Di Paolo and De Jaegher. Currently there is no consensus as to what makes a good literary narrative, how it is understood, and why it plays such an irreplaceable role in human experience. The proposal thus identifies a gap in the existing research on narrative by describing narrative as a form of intersubjective process of sense-making between two agents, a teller and a reader. It argues that making sense of narrative literature is an interactional process of co-constructing a story-world with a narrator. Such an understanding of narrative makes a decisive break with both text-centered approaches that have dominated both structuralist and early cognitivist study of narrative, as well as pragmatic communicative ones that view narrative as a form of linguistic implicature. The interactive experience that narrative affords and necessitates at the same time, I argue, serves to highlight the active yet cooperative and communal nature of human sociality, expressed in the many forms than human beings interact in, including literary ones.

Miłosz’s Dialogue with the Literary Centre of the World

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stanley S. Bill

2012-01-01

Full Text Available In 1986 Bernard Pivot, a French journalist and literary critic, conducted an interview with Miłosz in the television feature called Apostrophes. The conversation was an archetypal example of an encounter between a representative of the “literary centre” and an envoy from what Pascale Casanova later called “une petite littérature”. The present article discusses Miłosz’s contradictory relations with France as a centre of “world’s republic of letters”, against the background of his difficult dialogue with Pivot, and the wider context of Casanova’s theory of inequalities in the literary world. On the one hand, Miłosz felt wiser than French litterateurs, and frequently pointed out to their political naiveness and ignorance of history and the cruel reality of the world. On the other hand, however, Miłosz’s sense of superiority over Western culture was always dialectically linked to the other side of the coin: the rage of a provincial poet at the headquarters of the cultural and economical power.

The Importance of Visual Reading for the Interpretation of a Literary Text

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Janja Batič

2015-12-01

Full Text Available In this paper, the two authors showcase the results of a research survey on the role of illustrations in the interpretation of literary texts. The survey sample included students of primary education and preschool education, who were given the poem Učenjak (Scholar by Niko Grafenauer and asked to answer questions regarding the character’s personality and appearance, the literary space, and other factors. The first group of interviewees was given the poem illustrated by Lidija Osterc and the other the same poem illustrated by Marjan Manček. The results showed that the illustration had a significant impact on the message conveyed by the poem, particularly when the illustrator added the context by representing the character’s environment (which was not explicitly given in the text. Furthermore, the results showed the need for the comprehensive reading of an illustrated text, given that it is the interaction between the verbal and the visual that provides vital information necessary for the reader to understand the message of the dedicated literary work.

Mapping the Demographic Landscape of Characters in Recent Dutch Prose : A Quantitative Approach to Literary Representation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van der Deijl, Lucas; Pieterse, S.A.; Prinse, Marion; Smeets, Roel

2016-01-01

The lack of ethnic and gender diversity in the Dutch literary domain has recently been subject to discussions in the public debate. In the academic context, questions regarding diversity are studied either on a literary-sociological level (institutional approaches) or on the level of the individual

Values and strategies of literary aesthetic appreciation in college English teaching in Chinese campuses

OpenAIRE

Wang, Wen; Guo, Yingjie

2012-01-01

Literary aesthetic appreciation is an indispensable part of college English teaching. As an important content of aesthetic education as well as one of the basic qualities of the compound-type foreign language learners, literary aesthetic appreciation is also an essential part of the college teaching innovation, curriculum construction and training objectives. In the course of students' acquiring aesthetic knowledge, college English teachers need to combine moral education and highlight the va...

Benedito Nunes and the Modern Brazilian Literary Criticism (1946-1969

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria de Fátima do Nascimento

2013-08-01

Full Text Available The research analyzes the literary criticism of Benedito Nunes and is divided in two parts. It is based on a variety of textual genres (attempts to write novels, poems, aphorisms, chronicles on science, poetry and philosophy, interviews, criticism on poetry and novels. In other words, on the first texts of Nunes, published in the newspaper “Folha do Norte” (1946-1951, where he started the career as literary critic, in the magazines “Encontro” (1948 and “Norte” (1952, and in other Brazilian newspapers, such as “Jornal do Brasil”, “O Estado de São Paulo” and “O Estado de Minas Gerais”. Nunes’ first books are also analyzed, “O mundo de Clarice Lispector” (1966 and “O dorso do tigre” (1969, for which he was acclaimed one of the exponents of literary criticism in the second half of the 20th century in Brazil, mainly of authors that published from the decade of 1940 on, namely, Clarice Lispector, Guimarães Rosa and João Cabral de Melo Neto. The compilation of texts published in newspapers enables the identification of the main readings of Benedito Nunes, which were incorporated to his work, such as the Christian philosophers, Saint Thomas Aquinas, Pascal and Søren Kierkegaard, who will be constant in the writings of Nunes. The compilation also makes possible to trace the intellectual trajectory of Nunes, especially as literary critic. He after added to his work the ideas of Jean-Paul Sartre and Martin Heidegger. Regarding Heidegger, who Nunes studied throughout his life, it is possible to consider the ontological conception of artistic creation by verbal language, which, according to the German philosopher, corresponds to the foundation of the self by the word. The first part of this research analyzes the intellectual trajectory of Benedito Nunes as well as the material compiled in newspapers and in his first books. The second part presents a sample of the compiled material.

Cervantes and Vargas Llosa. Two literary architectures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ángel Pérez Martínez

2017-09-01

Full Text Available From the development of Literature Theory wich based on the analogy with Architecture the author analyze the relationships between Cervantes and Vargas Llosa works. Research on Cervantes reception in Latin America it is a work to keep doing. In Peru Vargas Llosa has received Cervantes works in a peculiar way. This paper tries to clarify what are the structural relations between these two literary architecture

Personal Knowledge Management in the Training of Non-Literary Translators

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kastberg, Peter

2009-01-01

of problems. As Karl Popper states we may even say that a profession is a conglomerate of acknowledged problems and the disciplinary-internal resources with which to solve these problems (Popper 1979[1962]:108). The particular translation problem, which I will be discussing in this paper, was reintroduced...... to us by the German translation scholar Reiss back in the 1980s when she laconically stated that "you cannot translate what you do not understand". In this article I will discuss one particular aspect of this problem, namely how students of non-literary translation are currently taught to reach...... the ground for rethinking how we deal with subject matter in the training of non-literary translators   KEYWORDS   Translator training, translation curricula, subject matter competence, Personal Knowledge Management...

Literary Origins of the Term "School Psychologist" Revisited

Science.gov (United States)

Fagan, Thomas K.

2005-01-01

Previous research on the literary origins of the term "school psychologist" is revisited, and conclusions are revised in light of new evidence. It appears that the origin of the term in the American literature occurred as early as 1898 in an article by Hugo Munsterberg, predating the usage by Wilhelm Stern in 1911. The early references to the…

Cognitive Poetics: Blending Narrative Mental Spaces. Self-Construal and Identity in Short Literary Fiction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriela Tucan

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The present study seeks to explore some of the major assumptions made by cognitive linguists regarding language in an attempt to see how various language processes can participate in the emergence of literary meaning. Also, this is an attempt to bridge the gap between linguistics and literary studies. For that purpose, linguistic work with a cognitive orientation can open the floor to one highly debatable question in critical literary theory: the question of interpretation. The primary step in order to meet my objectives is the presentation of a model of analysis that investigates the processes of meaning formation in literary texts – the theory of blending seems to be extremely suitable for an account of meaning formation. I believe that my article can profit substantially from the wide array of instruments provided by the blending theory in order to understand the nature of the reader’s mind while reading literary (short stories. The study of the basic mental operation of blending is motivated by the general relationship of cognitive poetics and narrative theories. To this end, I will be extensively making use of the blending framework in order to address its narrative implications in two of Hemingway’s already canonical short stories – Big Two-Hearted River and Soldier’s Home. What I hope to demonstrate is that the conceptualization of the narrative mental spaces in these two short stories always has counterfactuality available and uses it as a valuable mental resource. Also, I will try to show that conceptual integration/ blending plays a central role in the self-construal of characters’ identity.

Figuring process of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal using ion beam figuring technology.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Furen; Xie, Xuhui; Tie, Guipeng; Hu, Hao; Zhou, Lin

2017-09-01

Currently, ion beam figuring (IBF) technology has presented many excellent performances in figuring potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals, such as it is a noncontact figuring process and it does not require polishing fluid. So, it is a very clean figuring process and does not introduce any impurities. However, the ion beam energy deposited on KDP crystal will heat the KDP crystal and may generate cracks on it. So, it is difficult directly using IBF technology to figure KDP crystal, as oblique incident IBF (OI-IBF) has lower heat deposition, higher removal rate, and smoother surface roughness compared to normal incident IBF. This paper studied the process of using OI-IBF to figure KDP crystal. Removal rates and removal functions at different incident angles were first investigated. Then heat depositions on a test work piece were obtained through experiments. To validate the figuring process, a KDP crystal with a size of 200  mm×200  mm×12  mm was figured by OI-IBF. After three iterations using the OI-IBF process, the surface error decreases from the initial values with PV 1.986λ RMS 0.438λ to PV 0.215λ RMS 0.035λ. Experimental results indicate that OI-IBF is feasible and effective to figure KDP crystals.

Doubles everywhere: literary contributions to the study of the bodily self.

Science.gov (United States)

Dieguez, Sebastian

2013-01-01

The topic of the double is a hallmark of romantic, gothic, and fantastic literature. In the guise of the second self, the alter ego or the doppelgänger, fictional doubles have long fascinated critics, clinicians, and scientists. We review classical approaches to the theme and propose a broad clinical and neurocognitive framework from which to examine major instances of the motif in literature. Based on neurological disorders of the bodily self (including unilateral and whole body illusions and duplications), as well as related experimental approaches, we provide examples of literary depictions of bodily fragmentation and splitting; autoscopic hallucinations; the classical doppelgänger, second self, or heautoscopic double; the feeling of a presence; out-of-body experiences; and so-called near-death experiences. Examples include works from Guy de Maupassant, E.T.A. Hoffman, Edgar Allan Poe, Robert Louis Stevenson, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Rudyard Kipling, and others. We discuss these literary cases of doubles from a neurocognitive perspective, and suggest that common mechanisms of the bodily self are involved in the emergence of pathological illusory doubles, literary creations of the double, as well as widespread cultural and religious beliefs about the existence of doubles and the soul. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.

78 FR 42106 - Certain TV Programs, Literary Works for TV Production and Episode Guides Pertaining to Same...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-15

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 337-TA-886] Certain TV Programs, Literary Works for TV Production and Episode Guides Pertaining to Same; Institution of Investigation Pursuant to 19 U... of certain TV programs, literary works for TV production and episode guides pertaining to same by...

Wikipedia in Promoting Science Literary Skills in Primary Schools

Science.gov (United States)

Menon, Sunitha; Alias, Norlidah; DeWitt, Dorothy

2014-01-01

In learning Science, online environments allowing for user generated content are becoming increasingly important since they offer possibilities for learners to elaborate on assignments and projects. This study investigates how Wikipedia can serve as a means for enhancing science literary skills when students are encouraged to participate in…

Andalusī Vestiges in the Ethiopian Islamic Literary Tradition

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hernandez-Lopez, Adday

2017-01-01

This contribution constitutes my first approach to the material that has been gathered to date within the research project “Islam in the Horn of Africa: A Comparative Literary Approach” in which I am currently engaged. The analysis of the manuscripts comprising the corpus has put several traces o...

Nature's Greatest Puzzles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quigg, Chris; /Fermilab

2005-02-01

It is a pleasure to be part of the SLAC Summer Institute again, not simply because it is one of the great traditions in our field, but because this is a moment of great promise for particle physics. I look forward to exploring many opportunities with you over the course of our two weeks together. My first task in talking about Nature's Greatest Puzzles, the title of this year's Summer Institute, is to deconstruct the premise a little bit.

(58 Indices, Metaphors and Montages. The Heterogeneous Work in Current Latin American Literary Studies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Gelman Constantin

2017-09-01

Full Text Available As contemporary literary scholars challenge the ruling exclusionary criteria for the homogenization of their objects, while at the same time the biopolitical turn on literary theory criticizes representational understandings of the bond between language and the body, this paper suggests to address said relationship with recourse to the Lacanian notion of the ‘montage of heterogeneous’, which was brought forth toward a redefinition of the psychoanalytical concept of drive. Drawing from the notion of ‘heterogeneous literatures’, I advocate a theoretical genealogy from Bataille to Lacan (while Nancy, Foucault and Butler are also summoned to the discussion in order to come to terms with the rethinking of the objects for literary scholarship demanded by works such as Emilio García Wehbi’s performance piece 58 indicios sobre el cuerpo, along with his and Nora Lezano’s poetical- photographical essay Communitas.

Linguacultural space “Man-Nature” in literary texts: cognitive and pragmatic approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eldarova Ruzanna Alievna

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The magnitude of representation of nature images, the links to the author’s mind, the hero, the reader can be considered in literary texts as one of the most important sources for identifying the parameters of the national picture of the world and the individually author’s transformation of its components. Researches that identify patterns of functioning linguacultural spaces in the texts are able to give new results projected in the linguistic picture of the ethnic group of the world due to reflections in literary texts of archetypal, stereotyped images of peculiar linguistic culture and ethnic group as a whole as well as individually-copyright, which characterize a particular linguistic identity and its conception of the world. Cognitive paradigm of modern linguistics, anthropocentric in nature allows to consider culture as a process modeling language, which naturally highlights the problem of linguistic linguaculture of predetermined value. Great importance in this regard is the concept of space as linguocultural cognitive model of objective reality. Cognitive-pragmatic potential of a literary text is deepening due to the introduction the descriptions of nature, since they always implement the ethical, aesthetic, and intellectual abilities of the creative subject.

Literary Translation as a Tool for Critical Language Planning

Science.gov (United States)

Mooneeram, Roshni

2013-01-01

This paper argues that Dev Virahsawmy, an author who manipulates literary translation for the purposes of linguistic prestige formation and re-negotiation, is a critical language-policy practitioner, as his work fills an important gap in language planning scholarship. A micro-analysis of the translation of a Shakespearean sonnet into Mauritian…

Social Science and Literary Criticism: What is at stake? | Rohrbaugh ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

disciplines are being born that all too often leave specialists isolated from each other. While at some points the various methods complement each other, at others they remain contradictory or mutually exclusive. Two of the newer such methods, literary ...

Virginia Woolf's Literary Aesthetics: The Epistemological Aspect

OpenAIRE

Bartkuvienė, Linara

2012-01-01

The thesis focuses on the epistemological aspect of Virginia Woolf‘s literary aethetics. The research problem of the thesis is an attempt at the conceptualization of the nature of knowledge in Woolf‘s writing and Bertrand Russell‘s philosophy. Methodologically and theoretically, the semantic relationship between Woolf‘s aesthetics and Russell‘s epistemology is closely examined within the framework of the history of ideas. The thesis arrives at the conclusion that Woolf‘s understanding of real...

Psychos’ Haunting Memories: A(n (Uncommon Literary Heritage

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Antónia Lima

2015-07-01

Full Text Available In our times, one of the most prevailing forms of terror is certainly the psychological terror. In the history of literature and cinema, it’s impossible to forget some very widely known characters called psychos, especially those created by Edgar Allan Poe, Robert Bloch, Stephen King, Bret Easton Ellis, Sarah Kane and Patrick McGrath. Usually, they are haunted not only by their own private memories, but also by a literary memory that associates them to a common heritage, as if each psychotic character belonged to a very old gothic family, in which every member had been cursed to inherit the disease of his ancestors or the sins of his fathers. Haunted by images of their past, that recurrently return to the present, these psychos defy the barriers of time and all the traditional distinctions between reality and imagination, because one can never be sure if the stories are really about murders or about victims of their very diseased minds. Uncertainties and doubts disturb the reader as they also disturb the main character in search of a lost identity. Keywords: Psychos, Terror, Haunting Memories, Literary Heritage, Poe.

Five Contemporary Novelists' Views of Growing Up Turkish in the 1980s: A Literary Sociology. Occasional Papers. Turkish Studies Series Number Five.

Science.gov (United States)

Stone, Frank Andrews

Literary sociology is a multifaceted process of analyzing texts. It moves beyond traditional literary criticism to incorporate such varied approaches as: appreciating literary schemata; textual analysis; seeking form, sound, and content regularities; examining the lasting values of the work; and contemplating the reader's own authentic life-world…

Children's Acquisition of Literary Genre: Science Fiction versus Fantasy.

Science.gov (United States)

Shechter, Myriam; Schecter, Sandra R.

Using ethnographic observations of 30 children in a multicultural inner-city fifth grade class over a period of one year, a study examined the children's classroom interactions with the literary genres of science fiction and fantasy, investigating their sequential acquisition of the constitutive elements of the two genres as well as their…

Caribbean literary theory: modernist and postmodern

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. James Arnold

1995-01-01

Full Text Available [First paragraph] The Repeating Mand: The Caribbean and the Postmodern Perspective. ANTONIO BENITEZ-ROJO. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 1992. xi + 303 pp. (Cloth US$ 49.95, Paper US$ 15.95 Myth and History in Caribbean Fiction: Alejo Carpentier, Wilson Harris, and Edouard Glissant. BARBARA J. WEBB. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1992. x + 185 pp. (Cloth US$ 25.00 Caribbean literature has been overtaken of late by the quarrels that have pitted postmodernists against modernists in Europe and North America for the past twenty years. The modernists, faced with the fragmentation of the region that hard-nosed pragmatists and empiricists could only see as hostile to the emergence of any common culture, had sought in myth and its literary derivatives the collective impulse to transcend the divisions wrought by colonial history. Fifteen years ago I wrote a book that combined in its lead title the terms Modernism and Negritude in an effort to account for the efforts by mid-century Caribbean writers to come to grips with this problem. A decade later I demonstrated that one of the principal Caribbean modernists, Aimé Césaire, late in his career adopted stylistic characteristics that we associate with the postmodern (Arnold 1990. The example of Césaire should not be taken to suggest that we are dealing with some sort of natural evolution of modernism toward the postmodern. In fact the two terms represent competing paradigms that organize concepts and data so differently as to offer quite divergent maps of the literary Caribbean.

PUBLIK FIGUR DALAM IKLAN TESTIMONIAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Deddi Duto Hartanto

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Testimonial advertising seemingly identical with famous figure such as artist%2C sportmen or others. They are all branded as "public figure" because they are well known by public. A lot of advertising creators using public figure in order to gain a high brand awareness. Is the use of public figure in testimonial advertising more profitable? Is their able quite representative for the products they represent ? Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Iklan testimonial identik dengan tokoh terkenal%2C baik itu artis%2C tokoh masyarakat%2C olahragawan%2C atau yang lainnya. Semuanya di cap sebagai "publik figur%2C" karena sudah dikenal masyarakat.Banyak kreator iklan menggunakan publik figur dengan harapan dapat mencapai brand awareness yang tinggi. Apakah penggunaan publik figur dalam iklan testimonial lebih menguntungkan ?%2C Apakah peran publik figur (sudah mewakili produk yang dibawakan?. testimonial advertising%2C public figure

Promise Okekwe: Rising Star on the Nigerian Literary Horizon ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... a young and upcoming talent on the Nigeria literary horizon. Okekwe was first published in 1992. A resilient and dynamic writer, she has continued to produce texts at a pace akin to Buchi Emecheta's. Her works reveal a remarkable understanding of the human mind. She thus aims at a reconstruction of the wider society.

Close Reading of Literary Nonfiction: The Three-Column Journal

Science.gov (United States)

McConn, Matthew

2018-01-01

The Common Core State Standards have placed more emphasis on the close reading of all texts, and have made a point of increasing the use of nonfiction in secondary English classrooms. In this article, the author describes an approach for implementing close reading of literary nonfiction. The approach comes from a small-scale classroom-based…

Measuring Literary Reading Motivation: Questionnaires Design and Pilot Testing

Science.gov (United States)

Chrysos, Michail

2017-01-01

This study aims to present the design and pilot testing procedures of the two specific self-report questionnaires were used to measure the two key aspects of reading motivation, self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation in the field of literary (narrative) reading, and the partial factors that jointly shape them. These instruments were outlined in…

Love of poetry and literary creation in Turgenev's 'First love'

NARCIS (Netherlands)

de Haard, E.

2008-01-01

This article discusses poetic insertions and literary references in Turgenev's 'First Love' (1860). Dependent on variable temporal and evaluative points of view, they function as means of characterization, as indices of a mentality of the past (the Romantic 1830s), and as allusions and potential

‘It’s Alive!’ New Materialism and Literary Horror

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sencindiver, Susan Yi

2017-01-01

Pivoting on the primacy of matter as an underexplored question, both new materialist thought and literary Horror’s predilection for probing materialities in lurid detail provide ample purchase for rethinking the matter of matter, and their convergence may open new refreshing lines of inquiry...

The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen as (Literary) History

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Backe, Hans-Joachim

2017-01-01

Alan Moore and Kevin O’Neill’s series The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, published since 1999, depicts a world which is populated by characters of fiction, from Allan Quatermain and Captain Nemo to James Bond and Harry Potter. The result is not only a meta-fictional bricolage of cornerstones ...... about the feedback between history and literary history through the lens of comics and the medium’s own development....

Functional aesthetics of literary theory and the conflict of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Because of this, it is generally assumed that the more you grow in your capacity to understand theory, the more you will be able to think broadly and deeply about human experience and the world of ideas, to appreciate this density and shades of meaning available in literary works. But there are so many theories which ...

Post-digital Books and Disruptive Literary Machines

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pold, Søren Bro; Andersen, Christian Ulrik

2014-01-01

Abstract The e-book has been launched several times during the last decades and the book’s demise has often been predicted. Furthermore networked and electronic literature has already established a long history. However, currently we witness several interesting artistic and literary experiments...... of –and critical reflection on post- or semio-capitalism, and furthermore we will discuss how literature functions in a post-industrial software culture such as the one presented by Apple, Amazon and Google. Keywords: digital literature, Kindle, Apple, Ubermorgen, Korabiewski, post-digital, post...

To discuss radiation without the use of units and figures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wahlstroem, Bjoern

1989-01-01

The public is unreasonably concerned and anxious about ionizing radiation. This undefined, irrational, but still real fear of something you know is there even if you cannot perceive it with your five senses is one of the greatest problems the nuclear industry has to attack today. The major problem in this case may be the technical language used by experts. The man in the street has no idea of the technical terms experts use. However, it is possible to make our message clear without the use of any units or figures. A lot can be done for the understanding and confidence by making comparisons to familiar concepts and situations, by taking off our doctors' coats and stepping down to the grass-root level to talk with people in their own everyday language. (author)

Kirjanduslikest kontaktidest läbi raudse eesriide / Literary contacts through the iron curtain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marin Laak

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the relationship between the literature of the Estonian diaspora in the West and Soviet Estonia during the 1960s, and explores the possibility, from the literary historiographical perspective, of integrating the two bodies of Estonian literature. Near the end of The Second World War close to 70,000 Estonians fled their homeland, fearing Soviet repression; among them were numerous members of the academic and artistic intelligentsia as well as eminent poets and writers. By the late 1940s national organizations, publications and other activities were already well underway in the displaced persons camps. During the 1950s, Estonian exiles who settled in Sweden, Canada, United States, and elsewhere in the West quickly formed national cultural centres, publishing houses and numerous organizations that helped maintain their national and cultural identity. The centre of literary activity in the West was Sweden, which most Estonian writers had chosen as their new home. The Estonian Writers’s Co-operative publishing house, established in Lund in 1950, started the mail-order distribution of Estonian literature throughout the world; elsewhere, the publisher Orto operated in Toronto. While no propaganda-free literature or literature of any artistic merit was published in the 1940s and 1950s in Estonia during the Soviet occupation, exile literature flourished. Then, the Khrushchev Thaw brought about changes to Soviet society in the late 1950s. As their world became more free, a new generation of talented young poets emerged who generated innovations in poetry and modernized literature. This article maps literary contacts between the Estonian homeland and her exiles, and, using archival material, focuses on personal contacts among the literati during the 1960s. Literary historiography began investigating the possibility of treating Estonian literature in the homeland and in the West as one body of literature, when, after a 45-year

Nooruse valuuta. „Noorkirjanik“ ja „rühmitus“ nullindatel / The Currency of Youth. The "Young Author" and the "Literary Group" in the 2000s

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Priit Kruus

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The article is focused on literary groups and the emergence of young authors in the 2000s. So far literary researchers have mainly studied the influential literary groups of the first third of the 20th century (Noor-Eesti, Siuru, Tarapita etc.. But literary groups have had a remarkable impact on contemporary Estonian literature as well. Many present-day well-known writers entered the literary scene through groups which were active in the 1990s (e.g. TNT and Erakkond. In the 2000s forming a literary group lost its appeal as young authors found more individual ways to introduce themselves to the public. At the beginning of the 2000s a couple of attempts were made to form new literary groups, but those groups were short-lived and unproductive (e.g. TNT! and !peatus.Young authors were very active in publishing both on paper and online. The emergence of new publishing channels is one of the reasons why young authors did not have the ambition or need to form groups. For example, in the 2000s literary debuts appeared in the web-based literary club POOGEN and the literary magazine Värske Rõhk (established in 2005. So the 2000s actually saw a new type of convergence: web-based literary clubs and forums. Unfortunately, many of the new channels of the 2000s are already out of reach: the web pages of KLOAAK, noortekas.delfi.ee, People&Poetry, Bahama Press and ThePression have been removed from the internet.Debuts were welcomed by mainstream media eager to spot the next big thing, new rebels and rule breakers. Being “a young author” became a functioning brand, and youth became a form of currency for beginning writers.

Literature as a Network: Creative-Writing Scholarship in Literary Magazines

Science.gov (United States)

Green, Harriett E.

2014-01-01

With the increase in undergraduate and graduate programs for creative writing at institutions of higher education in North America, literary journals and magazines now serve as leading scholarly publishing outlets and research resources for creative-writing faculty and students. This study analyzes ten years of citations from nineteen leading…

Twitter Fiction: A New Creative Literary Landscape

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laila Al Sharaqi

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Twitter, synonymous with social networking, has become a successful social platform for the exchange of ideas, news, and information. It has also emerged as an experimental platform through which users explore creative realms of poetic and narrative content, albeit in 140 characters. The real-time tweets are fundamentally unique and increasingly sophisticated. The attention deficit generation of the fast-paced contemporary world has little time on its hands for extended discourse. Brief stories have been told throughout human history, however, the popularity of short stories skyrocketed with the advent of digital story telling. Twitter has now become a frontier medium that allows a unique mode of digital storytelling that facilitates creative literary experimentation. Twitter offers a unique freedom to writers insofar as a tweet can be an entire bite-sized story or even a snapshot of a story that requires readers’ active imagination to complete. Twitter fiction signifies stylistic word economy, compactness, symbolic structure, and implied narrative. Fragmentariness of the story is a marker of Twitter fiction. The proponents of Twitter fiction enjoy the originality, freedom, and diversity of perspectives offered by the Twitter fiction. Critics, however, argue that the mandated 140 character limitation stunts story development and strangulates creativity. This paper examines Twitter fiction and proposes that limited characters stories are the evolutionary answer to the reduced attention span of the tech-savvy generation. Keywords: twitterature, fiction, brevity, literary art

In praise of the literary eponym--Henry V sign.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Shanahan, F

2013-01-01

The use of eponyms in medicine is often discouraged. However, the literary eponym should be an exception as it is not linked with many of the difficulties associated with conventional eponyms and offers descriptive brevity and accuracy. Here, we illustrate the point with Henry V sign, which will be familiar to many who have cared for patients in the terminal stage of illness.

„Hustý popis“ jako literárněvědná metoda? // "Thick description" as a method of literary theory?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jitka Paitlová

2016-11-01

Full Text Available This paper deals with a selected example of the understanding of the Anglo-Saxon New Historicism by German literary scholars. It focuses on the method of “thick description” as formulated by the American anthropologist Clifford Geertz and as criticized by German literary scholar and ethnologist Thomas Fechner-Smarsly. In connection with the so-called anthropological turn, it consists in the application of ethnology in literary criticism. According to Geertz a semantic density arises from the complexity of described, but Geertz fails to formulate a general theory. Fechner sees a great potential for literary studies in the method of “thick description”, but he criticizes the lack of system in Geertz’, when he is reluctant to formulate a generally applicable model of this method. Fechner therefore calls for contextualization, organization and instantiation methods of “thick description” in literary studies and, moreover, emphasizes the interdisciplinary overlap.

Aesthetic Creativity: Insights from Classical Literary Theory on Creative Learning

Science.gov (United States)

Hellstrom, Tomas Georg

2011-01-01

This paper addresses the subject of textual creativity by drawing on work done in classical literary theory and criticism, specifically new criticism, structuralism and early poststructuralism. The question of how readers and writers engage creatively with the text is closely related to educational concerns, though they are often thought of as…

Walking through the Revolution: A Spatial Reading of Literary Echoes

Science.gov (United States)

Queiroz, Ana Isabel; Alves, Daniel

2015-01-01

This paper presents an embryo of a literary guide on the Carnation Revolution to be explored for educational historical excursions other than leisure and tourism. We propose a historical trail through the centre of Lisbon, city of the Carnation Revolution, called "Walk through the Revolution." The trail aims to reinforce collective…

“Journeys are Meaningful” (Travelling, Travellers, Literary Periods, Literary Journeys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fried István

2015-12-01

Full Text Available If the changes of the “discourse networks” (Aufschreibesysteme from 1800 to 1900 model the relations pertaining to the personality, to the cultural determinedness of technology and personality as well as to their interconnections (Kittler 1995, especially having in view the literary mise en scène, it applies all the more to travelling - setting out on a journey, heading towards a destination, pilgrimage and/or wandering as well as the relationship between transport technology and personality. The changes taking place in “transport” are partly of technological, partly (in close connection with the former indicative of individual and collective claims. The diplomatic, religious, commercial and educational journeys essentially belong to the continuous processes of European centuries; however, the appearance of the railway starts a new era at least to the same extent as the car and the airplane in the twentieth century. The journeys becoming systematic and perhaps most tightly connected to pilgrimages from the Middle Ages on assured the “transfer” of ideas, attitudes and cultural materials in the widest sense; the journeys and personal encounters (of course, taking place, in part, through correspondence of the more cultured layers mainly, are to be highly appreciated from the viewpoint of the history of mentalities and society.

Figures

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — data for figures 1-8 in journal article "Assessment of port-related air quality impacts: geographic analysis of population", International Journal of Environment and...

Ärkamisaeg, Noor-Eesti ja miski nende vahel. Eesti kirjandusloo küsimusi Juhan Kunderi näitel / National Awakening , Young Estonia and Something In Between. Problems of Estonian Literary History in the Example of Juhan Kunder

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pille-Riin Larm

2013-12-01

Full Text Available According to the long-standing periodisation of Estonian literary history, the Estonian National Awakening that started in the mid-19th century was followed by a period of lesser creativity and originality, which ended only with the breakthrough of the modernist Young Estonia group in 1905. In the canon of Estonian literature, Juhan Kunder (1852–1888, today known primarily for his fairy tales, one play and lyrics of one song, is placed in this intermediate period. This article first introduces the significance of Kunder in his time. He was a popular writer and a wellknown pedagogue, and a younger contemporary of the great figures of the National Awakening. As a critic, magazine editor and literary historian, his most important contribution to literary history was in the development of literary thought. It seems that several precedents that have been attributed to the Young Estonia group, e.g., valuing originality, writing well-argued criticism, etc., actually originated from an earlier period. Based on these observations, the author of this article believes that the current structure of Estonian literary history is not adequately justified, and she points out a semantic shift in the terms in use. It is true that Kunder was largely an epigone of his predecessors, but in the positive sense of the term, meaning that he continued their mission. Similarly, Kunder’s predecessor, the ‘first Young Estonian’ Kreutzwald, and a representative of his 20th-century successors, Friedebert Tuglas, were also epigones. During the period of Russification that started during his era, Kunder’s attitudes could be considered progressive. Kunder was also a 19th-century contemporary of the Young Estonia group and a true Young Estonian in the original sense of the term which emerged in this period: a Young Estonian introduced new initiatives and was a leader of the national movement. Epigonism and membership in Young Estonia can be seen as the keys to cultural

Narrowing Circles : Questions on Autopoiesis and Literary Interpretation after Dietrich Schwanitz

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lippert, Florian

2009-01-01

The essay deals with possibilities of relating Niklas Luhmann's systems theory, especially his notion of autopoiesis, to the interpretation of literary texts. Beyond the common description of literature as a social (sub)system, it discusses ideas regarding a specific representativity of literature

The semiotics of typography in literary texts. A multimodal approach

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nørgaard, Nina

2009-01-01

to multimodal discourse proposed, for instance, by Kress & Van Leeuwen (2001) and Baldry & Thibault (2006), and, more specifically, the multimodal approach to typography suggested by Van Leeuwen (2005b; 2006), in order to sketch out a methodological framework applicable to the description and analysis...... of the semiotic potential of typography in literary texts....

Art-Literary Interface: The Creative Muse of Uche Okeke Through ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

While I attempt to underscore the importance of Igbo forklore to the creative enterprise, as exemplified by Achebe and Okeke, I also emphasize the role of Okeke's drawings and literary landmarks in the institutionalization of an artliterary tradition at the department of Fine and Applied Arts of the University of Nigeria Nsukka.

Literary Genres in Poetic Texts from the Dead Sea Scrolls

Science.gov (United States)

Pickut, William Douglas

2017-01-01

Among the texts of the Dead Sea Scrolls, there are four literary compositions that bear the superscriptional designations shir and mizmor. These designations correspond directly to superscriptional designations provided many times in both the now-canonical Psalter and the various witnesses to those texts unearthed at Qumran. On its face, this fact…

Čínská literárnost: pojem a téma // Chinese literariness: concept and theme

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oldřich Král

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The works of critics as dissimilar, in almost every other respect, as Shklovsky, Tynianov, Vodicka, Paul de Man, etc. show the usefulness of “comparative approach” to the general concept of “literariness”, however heterogeneously it may be put to work. The author of the essay argues that the distinction Literariness vs. Literature corresponds with the idea of autonomous worlds of literariness from the typological point of view in the global inequality; it presents the field of “comparative literature” as a way of reading and re-reading in unexpected ways of devices and vices. Chinese literariness as a typological, historically closed and theoretically productive in-between of Sinology and comparative literature.

Apocalypse Now: elements of the Literary Journalism in thecinematographic construction by Vietnan War

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gisele Krodel Rech

2015-06-01

Full Text Available One of the most revered films of war, Apocalypse Now presentes fragments of journalistic representation of reality within a narrative film. They are analogies of the book Dispatches, by Michael Herr, book from the New Journalism phenomenon, which served to support the contextualization of Coppola’s masterpiece process. The intention of this paper is therefore analise the film seeking to find in these analogies textual elements of ekphrasis and fanopeia. In this process, in which the literary journalism narrative is enmeshed in film narrative, non fiction and representation of reality arises intermittently through the fictional work, in a process fraught with imagetic connotative meanings, designed from the power of text of literary journalism.

Edward Said’s Worldliness, Amateurism and Heterotopia: Negotiating the Interdisciplinarity of Literary Theory, Canonicity, and Paradigm

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ayman Abu-Shomar

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Literary criticism nowadays is essentially crossing the boundaries of disciplinarity and canonicity where literary theory has increasingly been shaped by overlapping concepts and branching out of theories as well as whipping out the limitations imposed by theory itself. The post-conditions of contemporaneity have imposed a view of reading and analysing the literary text that is dynamic, proliferated and in flux as well as resistant to monolithic critique and confined disciplines and professionalization. This outlook has increasingly made the notions of literary criticism, theoretical paradigms and canons not only artificial and irrelevant to our materialistic world, but, in many cases, ‘violent’ to those whose life concerns exist in the margins of these paradigmatic notions. In this essay, I argue that those of us who aspire to an interdisciplinary and a metacritical analyses would be well served by importing inspirations from Edward Said’s work, scholarship and life, particularly drawing on his ‘Worldliness’, ‘Amateurism’ and ‘Heteroglossia’ (or heterotopia as well as drawing examples from his negotiation with intellectual paradoxes and tensions informed by his positionality as a border crosser intellectual (or his exilic consciousness. Specifically, this article engages with Said as an author of a radically secular body of work marked by as comportment towards being, and as an example of an “amateur” critic who “speak[s] truth to power”. It argues that Said instates a critically-interrogative scholarship as antidote to essentialist, politicised, determinist and hegemonic literary canons (whether those of texts or theory which are paradigmatically informed by relations of power in academia. The paper argues that through the investment of his scholarship and personal life, Said rejects academic institutions and affiliations with their tendency towards doctrinaire assumptions of critical work. Further to this, Said�

latin American literary testimony: historical foreshadowing of gender in the revolutionary discourse of the sixties

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Victoria García

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The foundation of testimonio in Latin American literary field, initiated at the end of the ‘60, makes part of the institutionalization of the Cuban revolution, process where its projection to the rest of Latin America constitued a central problem. This paper studies political preconditions of testimonio. In particular, it analizes certain aspects of Cuban revolutionary discourse that anticipate features eventually developed by the literary genre, in the ways the relation between literature and politics is represented, and in the subjects of discourse that are proposed as embodiments of such relation. The paper introduces the question of Cuban revolution, as regards the exemplary status it acquired in Latin America during the sixties. Then, it examines the literary positioning represented by testimonio, as the corollary of a reflexive reconsideration operated by some Latin American writers and critics, concerning their historical role. Finally, it considers three representative documents of Cuban revolution and its continental projection: History will absolve me, by Fidel Castro, and Reminiscences of the Cuban revolutionary war and Bolivian diary, by Ernesto Guevara. We show the textual configuration of a revolutionary subject whose legitimity emerges not only from a political experience which testimony enunciates, but also from particular ways of living and representing literature in the context of a revolutionary practice. In the end of the sixties, the continental literary field would reaffirm such features as its discourse legitimating criteria, during the institutionalization of testimonio as its privileged genre.

CHRISTMAS AND EASTER THEMES IN THE LITERARY HERITAGE OF YURIY MIROLYUBOV

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergey F. Dmitrenko

2015-11-01

Full Text Available A  Russian emigrant writer Yuri Mirolyubov (1892—1970 wrote a  lot about Slavic antiquities. His name is associated with the origin of a  legendary “The book of Veles”  (Velesova kniga. This article studies his literary works in a historical and literary context, thematically associated with Christmas and Easter. The son of a priest, Mirolyubov was able to create original Christmas and Easter tales. As a priest’s son Mirolyubov managed to create indigenous Christmas and Easter stories. He brought back an already existing genre tradition of Christmas and Easter literature to its folklore origins, freed it from absolutely literary accretions and narrative stereotypes. Yuri Mirolyubov strived to put the Christmas and Easter stories beyond moral (much less entertaining literature, put them in the mainstream of a  folk, “Russian epic” (Ivan Shmelyov. That was a defi nition given by an author Ivan Shmelyov to his writing “The Lord’s summer”  (Leto Gospodne, who also updated the Canon of Russian calendar (Christmas and Easter literature in his own way. In fictional prose Yuri Mirolyubov acted as a scientist-ethnographer, a  sensitive receptionist of  everyday phenomena and psychological states. But in the works defi ned as scientific, he became a true artist, who felt free to deal with the most complicated and poorly studied material, however, existing in the depths of people’s consciousness.

Framing Egypt : Roman literary perceptions of Egypt from Cicero to Juvenal

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Leemreize, M.E.C.

2016-01-01

This is a comprehensive study of Roman literary references to Egypt without preference for one particular period, author or subject, in contrast to most previous scholarship. In doing so, it shows that these references vary greatly, are context-dependent, and cannot be rightly understood when

A Model for Teaching Literary Analysis Using Systemic Functional Grammar

Science.gov (United States)

McCrocklin, Shannon; Slater, Tammy

2017-01-01

This article introduces an approach that middle-school teachers can follow to help their students carry out linguistic-based literary analyses. As an example, it draws on Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) to show how J.K. Rowling used language to characterize Hermione as an intelligent female in "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows."…

SCIENCE FICTION IN HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL LITERARY DISCOURSE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Simona Siderevičiūtė

2014-04-01

Full Text Available This work intends to complement literary studies in science fiction. It discusses the history of global science fiction, overviews the most cha­racteristic features of its historical periods, and provides an introduction to Lithuanian science fiction, indicating its main features and topics. In the context of culture, science fiction is often defined as a literary genre with the emphasis on its nature as fiction. Only rarely are the history of the origin of science fiction, its variations, and the pioneers of science fiction whose works are still highly valued taken into account. Science fiction is often criticized through the filter of preconceived ideas that consider this type of literature to be “friv­olous.” This article discusses the possible reasons for such an approach. In Lithuania, this genre is still associated only with pop literature, and its expression cannot yet equal the works of foreign authors. The basic classical motifs of global science fiction found in Lithuanian science fiction include: representatives of extraterrestrial civilizations and human contact with them, scientists and inventors, agents of military institutions, and space travel. Lithuanian science fiction writers follow the tra­ditions of global science fiction when using these classical motifs; however, a general lack of original and individual themes, motifs, and manifestations may be observed.

Literary Fiction Influences Attitudes Toward Animal Welfare.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wojciech Małecki

Full Text Available Literary fiction has been credited with considerable power to improve attitudes toward outgroups. It was even argued that it has been an important factor behind the global decline of violence against various minorities in the last centuries. Could it also help to reduce the human-inflicted suffering of animals? To test this, we studied the attitude toward animal welfare of n = 921 (experimental group people of both sexes who read a short fragment of an unpublished novel with a motif of the physical abuse of an animal. The control group (n = 912 read a fragment of a similar length but not related to animals. After reading the text all subjects filled out an on-line questionnaire with seven items (camouflaged among many others items measuring attitudes toward animal welfare. The questionnaire included also demographical questions, such as whether the subject keeps pets. We found that in comparison with the control group, the experimental group was significantly more concerned about animal welfare. This result indicates that literary fiction can influence attitudes toward other species. It is also worth noting that our study is characterized by a high level of ecological validity, i.e. a relatively high extent to which its results can be generalized (or extended to real-world settings. Due to its specific design, which involved the cooperation of a bestselling author and his publisher, the study approximated the typical conditions in which people read fiction in a remarkably accurate way. Finally, our research has potential practical implications for promoting animal welfare.

Literary Fiction Influences Attitudes Toward Animal Welfare.

Science.gov (United States)

Małecki, Wojciech; Pawłowski, Bogusław; Sorokowski, Piotr

2016-01-01

Literary fiction has been credited with considerable power to improve attitudes toward outgroups. It was even argued that it has been an important factor behind the global decline of violence against various minorities in the last centuries. Could it also help to reduce the human-inflicted suffering of animals? To test this, we studied the attitude toward animal welfare of n = 921 (experimental group) people of both sexes who read a short fragment of an unpublished novel with a motif of the physical abuse of an animal. The control group (n = 912) read a fragment of a similar length but not related to animals. After reading the text all subjects filled out an on-line questionnaire with seven items (camouflaged among many others items) measuring attitudes toward animal welfare. The questionnaire included also demographical questions, such as whether the subject keeps pets. We found that in comparison with the control group, the experimental group was significantly more concerned about animal welfare. This result indicates that literary fiction can influence attitudes toward other species. It is also worth noting that our study is characterized by a high level of ecological validity, i.e. a relatively high extent to which its results can be generalized (or extended) to real-world settings. Due to its specific design, which involved the cooperation of a bestselling author and his publisher, the study approximated the typical conditions in which people read fiction in a remarkably accurate way. Finally, our research has potential practical implications for promoting animal welfare.

Literary Depictions i n Ghazavâtnâmahs That Adress the Crimean War

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kürşat Şamil ŞAHİN

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The Crimean War that started in 1853 between the Ottoman Empire and Russia lasted until 1856. It ended with the defeat of the Russians as England and France sided with the Ottoman Empire. A great number of work has been written then and since about this war which deeply affect our social and politica l life. Among these, there are ghazavâtnâmahs that describe what happened down - to - line, usually by the pen of the poets and writers who closely witnessed the war. The causes of war, the preparations, what happened at the time of expedition and measures tha t were taken, the outcome of the events during the war and afterwards are all brought into sharp relief in most of these works. Whether in verse, prose or mixed typed, these works of art have gradually increased after 15 th century in Turkish literature. Th is genre has decreased by the Ottoman Empire began to decline and the raids were scarce; and it totally disappeared after the tradition of ghaza were ceased. In this study the literary depictions in - the last examples of the genre - Salih Hayri’s Kırım Zafe rnamesi (Hayrâbât, Ahmed Rızâ Trabzonî’s Manzume - i Sivastopol and Süleyman Şâdî’s Muzaffernâme are presented. There are not many studies that focus on literary depictions in ghazavâtnâmahs, particularly on literary war depictions. The characteristics of t hese literary depictions are tried to be explained with reference to ghazavâtnâmahs belonging to the Empire's last era.

Does a single session of reading literary fiction prime enhanced mentalising performance? Four replication experiments of Kidd and Castano (2013).

Science.gov (United States)

Samur, Dalya; Tops, Mattie; Koole, Sander L

2018-02-01

Prior experiments indicated that reading literary fiction improves mentalising performance relative to reading popular fiction, non-fiction, or not reading. However, the experiments had relatively small sample sizes and hence low statistical power. To address this limitation, the present authors conducted four high-powered replication experiments (combined N = 1006) testing the causal impact of reading literary fiction on mentalising. Relative to the original research, the present experiments used the same literary texts in the reading manipulation; the same mentalising task; and the same kind of participant samples. Moreover, one experiment was pre-registered as a direct replication. In none of the experiments did reading literary fiction have any effect on mentalising relative to control conditions. The results replicate earlier findings that familiarity with fiction is positively correlated with mentalising. Taken together, the present findings call into question whether a single session of reading fiction leads to immediate improvements in mentalising.

Social identity and literary genres. Birth and Death of the Stil Nuovo’s sodality

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paolo Borsa

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The article considers the literary production of Dante Alighieri – and, in parallel, of his “first friend” Guido Cavalcanti – between the composition of the Vita nuova and Dante’s exile. It aims to show that the conflict between Dante and Cavalcanti can also be situated on the level of the representation that the two poets give of themselves in their work, through their chosen poetics and literary genres. Despite having the reputation of a philosophus, the magnate Guido shows his aristocratic disdain even in literary options: he depicts himself as a knight-poet and focuses solely on the representation and analysis of the phenomenology of love. On the contrary, from the Vita nuova on, Dante does not present himself to his audience as only an exquisite and aristocratic love poet, but also – and explicitly – as an expert in physiology, philosophy, and rhetoric. On the model of Guittone d’Arezzo and Brunetto Latini, when he enters Florentine political life, he attributes a civic and ethical function to his poetry, which definitively breaks with the “stilnovistic” poetics of his juvenile association with Cavalcanti.

SGML-Based Markup for Literary Texts: Two Problems and Some Solutions.

Science.gov (United States)

Barnard, David; And Others

1988-01-01

Identifies the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) as the best basis for a markup standard for encoding literary texts. Outlines solutions to problems using SGML and discusses the problem of maintaining multiple views of a document. Examines several ways of reducing the burden of markups. (GEA)

92 A Literary Discourse of Nigerian Children's Accretive Songs (Pp ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nekky Umera

Observation in the past ten years or so shows that some systematic studies of the lore as a ... The importance of these kind of songs is the “training of the participants to ... more.... This game song is usually performed with the view to establishing the most ... context; the literary impact of the song and the predicament of the.

Implication of Copyright Provisions for Literary Works in Films and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The emphasis of copyright is on original literary works, films, sound recordings and others. The focus of this paper is to discuss the various provisions of the copyright law as they affect films, video and by extension video CD. The study examines the various interpretations of the provisions of the copyright law as they affect ...

The Use of ?Literary Fiction? to Promote Mentalizing Ability

OpenAIRE

Pino, Maria Chiara; Mazza, Monica

2016-01-01

Empathy is a multidimensional process that incorporates both mentalizing and emotional sharing dimensions. Empathic competencies are important for creating interpersonal relationships with other people and developing adequate social behaviour. The lack of these social components also leads to isolation and exclusion in healthy populations. However, few studies have investigated how to improve these social skills. In a recent study, Kidd and Castano (2013) found that reading literary fiction i...

Figure mining for biomedical research.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodriguez-Esteban, Raul; Iossifov, Ivan

2009-08-15

Figures from biomedical articles contain valuable information difficult to reach without specialized tools. Currently, there is no search engine that can retrieve specific figure types. This study describes a retrieval method that takes advantage of principles in image understanding, text mining and optical character recognition (OCR) to retrieve figure types defined conceptually. A search engine was developed to retrieve tables and figure types to aid computational and experimental research. http://iossifovlab.cshl.edu/figurome/.

Figure text extraction in biomedical literature.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daehyun Kim

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Figures are ubiquitous in biomedical full-text articles, and they represent important biomedical knowledge. However, the sheer volume of biomedical publications has made it necessary to develop computational approaches for accessing figures. Therefore, we are developing the Biomedical Figure Search engine (http://figuresearch.askHERMES.org to allow bioscientists to access figures efficiently. Since text frequently appears in figures, automatically extracting such text may assist the task of mining information from figures. Little research, however, has been conducted exploring text extraction from biomedical figures.We first evaluated an off-the-shelf Optical Character Recognition (OCR tool on its ability to extract text from figures appearing in biomedical full-text articles. We then developed a Figure Text Extraction Tool (FigTExT to improve the performance of the OCR tool for figure text extraction through the use of three innovative components: image preprocessing, character recognition, and text correction. We first developed image preprocessing to enhance image quality and to improve text localization. Then we adapted the off-the-shelf OCR tool on the improved text localization for character recognition. Finally, we developed and evaluated a novel text correction framework by taking advantage of figure-specific lexicons.The evaluation on 382 figures (9,643 figure texts in total randomly selected from PubMed Central full-text articles shows that FigTExT performed with 84% precision, 98% recall, and 90% F1-score for text localization and with 62.5% precision, 51.0% recall and 56.2% F1-score for figure text extraction. When limiting figure texts to those judged by domain experts to be important content, FigTExT performed with 87.3% precision, 68.8% recall, and 77% F1-score. FigTExT significantly improved the performance of the off-the-shelf OCR tool we used, which on its own performed with 36.6% precision, 19.3% recall, and 25.3% F1-score for

ON THE «PROPFECIES» OF HELLEN WHITE AS MODELS OF LITERARY «VISIONS» AND FUNDAMENTAL BELIEVES OF ADVENTISM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vladimir Yakovlevich Laluev

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The purpose of research is to analyze the prophecies of Ellen White about the future, as examples of literary vision and the basic tenets of Adventism. In this sense, her two books «Experiences and visions» and «Spiritual Gifts» representing the genre of «literary visions», dating back to V. Leglend and Dante are especially representative. It is here that the doctrinal concepts of contemporary Adventism were formed.The methodological base of the research served as: the historical formation of Religious Studies, Ontopsychology, Culture Studies.The interdisciplinary approach allowed the philosophical and cognitive analysis of prophetic texts of Ellen White to rise to the level of scientific and identify it in a prophetic vision, the samples of literary and artistic creation. Summarizing, it is concluded that a great help in the development of this exclusive material had been influenced by spiritual experiences of Christian mystics: Saint Ephrem, V. Leglenda, I. Floris, Dante J. Boehme, E. Swedenborg, and so on. This is an incomplete number of authors, who can be attributed to the genre of literary visions.

ICT and Architectural Theory and History: from Literary Discourse to Design Paradigms?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Proveniers, A.G.W.J.; Gelting, A.K.; Harder, E

2008-01-01

Design Studio Practice in the ICT— Google Era As a jury on Architectural projects we all recognise the unpleasant feeling when we hear a too highly polished student ICT-presentation: the plan does not correspond with the literary plea.

Spains Dramatic Conquest of the Dutch Republic. Rodenburgh as a Literary Mediator of Spanish Culture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tim Vergeer

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Theodore Rodenburgh was in an exceptional position to become a literary mediator of Spanish poetics. He introduced the comedia nueva in the Dutch Republic at the beginning of the seventeenth century. This article investigates specifically how Rodenburgh dealt with Lope de Vega’s poetics, transforming them to make them fit the Dutch literary tradition. Through translation, adaptation and acculturation, the Iberian comedias became Dutch tragicomedies, plays that would become most popular in the Dutch Republic. Rodenburgh’s endeavours mark the initial phase of the transfer of the comedia nueva to the Dutch Republic.

Border Crossing in Contemporary Brazilian Culture: Global Perspectives from the Twenty-First Century Literary Scene

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cimara Valim de Melo

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract: This paper investigates the process of internationalisation of Brazilian literature in the twenty-first century from the perspective of the publishing market. For this, we analyse how Brazil has responded to globalisation and what effects of cultural globalisation can be seen in the Brazilian literary scene, focusing on the novel. Observing the movement of the novelists throughout the globe, the reception of Brazilian literature in the United Kingdom and the relations between art and the literary market in Brazil, we intend to provoke some reflections on Brazilian cultural history in the light of the twenty-first century.

Defending the multiverse — or down to crisis on infinite earths. Better: for a literary Na-tional Geographic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bianca Campello Rodrigues Costa

2011-06-01

Full Text Available What is the role of literary history in face of its own object: keep the memory of the texts produced during a time gap, texts which, by definition, are endowed of multiple meanings? How to organize the report of existence of texts whose identity is unstable, since it’s being, it’s identity is a joint of meanings attributed to them by the cultural body that faces those texts? From such questions, this article performs a critical review of the theoretical procedures which are classically used for the historical approach of literary texts. Then, it is proposed the adoption of a critical perspective for the historian of literature challenged by the task of ensuring to the literary text the property that keeps it alive throughout the years: the staying power of meaning.

Readings on American Society. The Audio-Lingual Literary Series II.

Science.gov (United States)

Imamura, Shigeo; Ney, James W.

This text contains 11 lessons based on an adaptation of the 1964 essay "Automation: Road to Lifetime Jobs" by A.H. Raskin and 14 lessons based on an adaptation of John Fischer's 1948 essay "Unwritten Rules of American Politics." The format of the book and the lessons is the same as that of the other volumes of "The Audio-Lingual Literary Series."…

Exogenous spatial attention influences figure-ground assignment.

Science.gov (United States)

Vecera, Shaun P; Flevaris, Anastasia V; Filapek, Joseph C

2004-01-01

In a hierarchical stage account of vision, figure-ground assignment is thought to be completed before the operation of focal spatial attention. Results of previous studies have supported this account by showing that unpredictive, exogenous spatial precues do not influence figure-ground assignment, although voluntary attention can influence figure-ground assignment. However, in these studies, attention was not summoned directly to a region in a figure-ground display. In three experiments, we addressed the relationship between figure-ground assignment and visuospatial attention. In Experiment 1, we replicated the finding that exogenous precues do not influence figure-ground assignment when they direct attention outside of a figure-ground stimulus. In Experiment 2, we demonstrated that exogenous attention can influence figure-ground assignment if it is directed to one of the regions in a figure-ground stimulus. In Experiment 3, we demonstrated that exogenous attention can influence figure-ground assignment in displays that contain a Gestalt figure-ground cue; this result suggests that figure-ground processes are not entirely completed prior to the operation of focal spatial attention. Exogenous spatial attention acts as a cue for figure-ground assignment and can affect the outcome of figure-ground processes.

English Syllabus Interpretation: The Relationship between Literary Theories and Teacher Beliefs

Science.gov (United States)

Ireland, Jill; O'Sullivan, Kerry-Ann; Duchesne, Susan

2017-01-01

This paper examines the relationship between the literary theories underpinning an English syllabus and teachers' personal epistemologies and pedagogical beliefs. The study discussed here used semi-structured interviews and an online survey to investigate 50 New South Wales teachers' views of the theoretical basis of a senior English syllabus that…

Reacting in Literary Studies: Crossing the Threshold from Quality to Meaning

Science.gov (United States)

Heinert, Jennifer; Chick, Nancy L.

2017-01-01

In this essay, the authors extend their ongoing conversations within the overarching project on "critique as signature pedagogy in the arts and humanities" by considering how the position of literary studies within this broader context may explain some of the difficulties students have with a cornerstone activity of the undergraduate…

Authorship attribution and author profiling of Lithuanian literary texts

OpenAIRE

Kapočiūtė-Dzikienė, Jurgita; Utka, Andrius; Šarkutė, Ligita

2015-01-01

In this work we are solving authorship attribution and author profiling tasks (by focusing on the age and gender dimensions) for the Lithuanian language. This paper reports the first results on literary texts, which we compared to the results, previously obtained with different functional styles and language types (i.e., parliamentary transcripts and forum posts). Using the Naïve Bayes Multinomial and Support Vector Machine methods we investigated an impact of...

Narrative Journalism in the Age of the Internet. New Ways to Create Authenticity in Online Literary Reportages

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nora Berning

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Online literary reportages represent an imperative counterweight to conventional journalism that is essential both for our emotional and intellectual survival. Using Paula Delgado-Kling’s online literary reportage Child Soldiers: Homero and Mark Bowden’s multimedia text The Desert One Debacle as examples, Nora Berning explores issues of multimediality and authenticity in online narrative journalism. Berning’s case studies open up discussions, both theoretical and practical, about the future of digital media literacy.

Greatest Happiness Principle in a Complex System Approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katalin Martinás

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The principle of greatest happiness was the basis of ethics in Plato’s and Aristotle’s work, it served as the basis of utility principle in economics, and the happiness research has become a hot topic in social sciences in Western countries in particular in economics recently. Nevertheless there is a considerable scientific pessimism over whether it is even possible to affect sustainable increases in happiness.In this paper we outline an economic theory of decision based on the greatest happiness principle (GHP. Modern equilibrium economics is a simple system simplification of the GHP, the complex approach outlines a non-equilibrium economic theory. The comparison of the approaches reveals the fact that the part of the results – laws of modern economics – follow from the simplifications and they are against the economic nature. The most important consequence is that within the free market economy one cannot be sure that the path found by it leads to a beneficial economic system.

Morbidity figures from general practice: sex differences in traumatology.

Science.gov (United States)

Lagro-Janssen, Toine; Grosicar, Janja

2010-08-01

Trauma prevention starts with to find out the extent of the problem and who it affects. Insight into morbidity figures is therefore necessary. To explore sex differences in traumatology and secondary medical care utilization in primary care related to age and socio-economic status (SES). Data were obtained from an academic continuous morbidity registration project in the Netherlands in the period from 1996 to 2006, in which 13,000 patients were followed in 10 successive years. Sex differences showed a male excess from childhood to 45 years and women showing almost double trauma rates in the elderly. Low SES was associated with the greatest incidence of traumas. The largest sex difference in incidence above 65 years appeared in the high SES with more traumas in women compared with men. From this age on, female morbidity in traumatology outnumbered male morbidity regardless of SES. Considering use of referrals, we found that in the age group 15-45 years men made a greater use of secondary medical care. However, the vastest gender influence in medical care utilization was noticed in the age group over 65 years, outnumbered with women. Young men and old women are the most at risk for traumatic health problems: men presenting with traumata of the skull, the tibia and ocular trauma's and women with fractures of the femur, humerus and wrist. For both men and women the greatest incidence is in the low SES. Family physicians can play a pivotal role in prevention to focus on their patients with high risks.

T.S. ELIOT'S MISREADING OF SOME LITERARY SOURCES IN THE WASTE LAND

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liem Satya Limanta

2002-01-01

Full Text Available A poet cannot be a poet at all if he is not connected with all the poetic tradition before him. This is T.S. Eliot's dictum which he stated in Tradition and the Individual Talent and which he practiced in his work The Waste Land. T.S. Eliot showed his relationship with the past through all the quotations and allusions to mythical, literary, and religious works. His reading of those sources according to Paul de Man cannot avoid misreading or misinterpretation. Harold Bloom has tried to build up a theory of misreading, which he prefers to call misprision, especially applied to and done by poets in The Anxiety of Influence. Throughout this article I shall show how T.S. Eliot has applied some of the ways Bloom describes in reading some of the literary sources, and by so doing Eliot has given new meaning to them.

Reading, Trauma and Literary Caregiving 1914-1918: Helen Mary Gaskell and the War Library.

Science.gov (United States)

Haslam, Sara

2018-03-28

This article is about the relationship between reading, trauma and responsive literary caregiving in Britain during the First World War. Its analysis of two little-known documents describing the history of the War Library, begun by Helen Mary Gaskell in 1914, exposes a gap in the scholarship of war-time reading; generates a new narrative of "how," "when," and "why" books went to war; and foregrounds gender in its analysis of the historiography. The Library of Congress's T. W. Koch discovered Gaskell's ground-breaking work in 1917 and reported its successes to the American Library Association. The British Times also covered Gaskell's library, yet researchers working on reading during the war have routinely neglected her distinct model and method, skewing the research base on war-time reading and its association with trauma and caregiving. In the article's second half, a literary case study of a popular war novel demonstrates the extent of the "bitter cry for books." The success of Gaskell's intervention is examined alongside H. G. Wells's representation of textual healing. Reading is shown to offer sick, traumatized and recovering combatants emotional and psychological caregiving in ways that she could not always have predicted and that are not visible in the literary/historical record.

Phrasal units in literary translation (the case of idioms in Miguel Delibes Las ratas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Sevilla Muñoz

2013-12-01

Full Text Available In this article we explore the translation of phrasal units in the context of literary translation, arguing that such units may fulfil a specific function in a work. This is the case in the novel Las ratas, by Miguel Delibes, in which the author used them as linguistic markers of the social strata and cultural level of the different characters. We have analysed the translation of some idioms of the novel in order to highlight the key aspects to take into account in the translation, the problems that the translator has to face when performinghis profession, and the solutions that can be proposed. We show that thetranslation of phrasal units is certainly not a straightforward task, and thecorrespondences cover a wide range because of the differences between thetwo languages and the numerous factors which need to be taken into account when translate a phrasal unit in a literary text, none of which seems to prevailover the others in all situations. These difficulties compel the translator to study in advance how the author of a literary work uses the phrasal units in order to plan the translation process so that the effect of the phrasal units ofthe original text is also recreated as far as possible in the translation.

The Changing Vocabulary of Literature : On the Migration and Transformation of Literary Concepts in Europe (1900–1950) – an Introduction

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Verstraeten, Pieter; Van den Bossche, Bart

2015-01-01

The central premise of the series of essays presented here is that a full understanding of the wide range of factors in literary change should take into account and carefully analyze the interaction between transformations of literary repertoires on the one hand and contemporary conceptual

The Actualization of Literary Learning Model Based on Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence

Science.gov (United States)

Hali, Nur Ihsan

2017-01-01

This article is inspired by Howard Gardner's concept of linguistic intelligence and also from some authors' previous writings. All of them became the authors' reference in developing ideas on constructing a literary learning model based on linguistic intelligence. The writing of this article is not done by collecting data empirically, but by…

Literariness and Racial Consciousness in Paule Marshall’s Memoir Triangular Road and Gloria Naylor’s Fictionalized Memoir 1996

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Łobodziec Agnieszka

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Black American women writers were side-lined by the literary canon as recently as the 1980s. Today, as a result of their agency, a distinct literary tradition that bears witness to black women’s particular expressiveness is recognized. Bernard Bell observes that the defining features common to most literary works by black American women are a focus on racist oppression, black female protagonists, the pursuit of demarginalization, women’s bonding, women’s relationship with the community, the power of emotions, and black female language. Although these elements refer predominantly to novels, they are also present in Paule Marshall’s memoir Triangular Road (2009 and Gloria Naylor’s fictionalized memoir 1996 (2005. Moreover, the two works are fitting examples of racial art, the point of departure of which, according to Black Arts Movement advocates, should be the black experience. Actually, since through memoirs the authors offer significant insights into themselves, the genre seems closer to this objective of racial art than novels. At the same time, taking into consideration the intricate plot structures, vivid images, and emotional intensity, their memoirs evidence the quality of literariness i.e., in formalist terms, the set of features that distinguish texts from non-literary ones, for instance, reports, articles, text books, and encyclopaedic biographical entries. Moreover, Marshall and Naylor utilize creative imagination incorporating fabulation, stories within stories, and people or events they have never personally encountered, which dramatizes and intensifies the experiences they relate. In Marshall’s memoir, the fictitious elements are discernable when she imagines the historical past. Naylor demarks imagined narrative passages with separate sections that intertwine with those based upon her actual life experience.

In Search of the Afropolitan

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Knudsen, Eva Rask; Rahbek, Ulla

A dissemination of the figure of the 'Afropolitan' from a critical literary angle. It attempts to explore a field of study which lacks a comprehensive literary approach to ways of being Afropolitan in the 21st century...

Foxing the Child: The Cultural Transmission of Pedagogical Norms and Values in Dutch Rewritings of Literary Classics for Children 1850-1950

Science.gov (United States)

Parlevliet, Sanne

2012-01-01

This article examines the reciprocity between children's literature and educational ideals in Dutch rewritings of international literary classics published for children between 1850 and 1950. It analyses the assumed pedagogical power of rewritings of international literary classics for children from the perspective of three theoretical concepts:…

Student figures in friction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Gritt B.

, students' room for participation in their own learning, influenced by demands for efficiency, flexibility and student-centred education. The thesis recasts the anthropological endeavour as one of ‘figuration work'. That is, ‘frictional events' are explored as moments when conflicting figures...

Cultural variation is part of human nature : Literary universals, context-sensitivity, and "shakespeare in the bush".

Science.gov (United States)

Sugiyama, Michelle Scalise

2003-12-01

In 1966, Laura Bohannan wrote her classic essay challenging the supposition that great literary works speak to universal human concerns and conditions and, by extension, that human nature is the same everywhere. Her evidence: the Tiv of West Africa interpret Hamlet differently from Westerners. While Bohannan's essay implies that cognitive universality and cultural variation are mutually exclusive phenomena, adaptationist theory suggests otherwise. Adaptive problems ("the human condition") and cognitive adaptations ("human nature") are constant across cultures. What differs between cultures is habitat: owing to environmental variation, the means and information relevant to solving adaptive problems differ from place to place. Thus, we find differences between cultures not because human minds differ in design but largely because human habitats differ in resources and history. On this view, we would expect world literature to express both human universals and cultural particularities. Specifically, we should expect to find literary universality at the macro level (e.g., adaptive problems, cognitive adaptations) and literary variation at the micro level (e.g., local solutions to adaptive problems).

Facts and figures in 2004

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lavergne, R.; Meuric, L.; Scherrer, S.; Paquel, V.; Louati, S.; Thienard, H.

2005-01-01

This document gathers a series of articles dedicated to the situation of the energy sector in France at the end of 2004: -) the energy balance sheet, -) the trend concerning energy consumption since 1973, -) the energy bill, -) figures about electrical power, -) figures about natural gas, -) figures about solid fossil fuels, -) figures about oil, and -) figures about renewable energies. The important fact to note is that the energy bill has soared by 24.1% to reach 28.35 milliard euros which represents 1.75% of the gross national product (PIB). The evolution over the year 2004 of the factors that contribute to the level of the energy bill is: - the import-export energy quantity differential: +7.5%, - the import-export energy cost differential (in Usa dollar): +27.1%, and - the fall of the dollar: -9.1%. (A.C.)

Enhanced spatial resolution on figures versus grounds.

Science.gov (United States)

Hecht, Lauren N; Cosman, Joshua D; Vecera, Shaun P

2016-07-01

Much is known about the cues that determine figure-ground assignment, but less is known about the consequences of figure-ground assignment on later visual processing. Previous work has demonstrated that regions assigned figural status are subjectively more shape-like and salient than background regions. The increase in subjective salience of figural regions could be caused by a number of processes, one of which may be enhanced perceptual processing (e.g., an enhanced neural representation) of figures relative to grounds. We explored this hypothesis by having observers perform a perceptually demanding spatial resolution task in which targets appeared on either figure or ground regions. To rule out a purely attentional account of figural salience, observers discriminated targets on the basis of a region's color (red or green), which was equally likely to define the figure or the ground. The results of our experiments showed that targets appearing on figures were discriminated more accurately than those appearing in ground regions. In addition, targets appearing on figures were discriminated better than those presented in regions considered figurally neutral, but targets appearing within ground regions were discriminated more poorly than those appearing in figurally neutral regions. Taken together, our findings suggest that when two regions share a contour, regions assigned as figure are perceptually enhanced, whereas regions assigned as ground are perceptually suppressed.

Enhanced spatial resolution on figures versus grounds

Science.gov (United States)

Hecht, Lauren N.; Cosman, Joshua D.; Vecera, Shaun P.

2016-01-01

Much is known about the cues that determine figure-ground assignment, but less is known about the consequences of figure-ground assignment on later visual processing. Previous work has demonstrated that regions assigned figural status are subjectively more shape-like and salient than background regions. The increase in subjective salience of figural regions could be caused by a number of processes, one of which may be enhanced perceptual processing (e.g., an enhanced neural representation) of figures relative to grounds. We explored this hypothesis by having observers perform a perceptually demanding spatial resolution task in which targets appeared either on figure or ground regions. To rule out a purely attentional account of figural salience, observers discriminated targets on the basis of a region’s color (red or green), which was equally likely to define the figure or the ground. The results of our experiments show that targets appearing on figures were discriminated more accurately than those appearing in ground regions. In addition, targets appearing on figures were discriminated better than those presented in regions considered figurally neutral, but targets appearing within ground regions were discriminated more poorly than those appearing in figurally neutral regions. Taken together, our findings suggest that when two regions share a contour, regions assigned as figure are perceptually enhanced, whereas regions assigned as grounds are perceptually suppressed. PMID:27048441

Combining Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing to Assess Literary Text Comprehension

Science.gov (United States)

Balyan, Renu; McCarthy, Kathryn S.; McNamara, Danielle S.

2017-01-01

This study examined how machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) techniques can be leveraged to assess the interpretive behavior that is required for successful literary text comprehension. We compared the accuracy of seven different machine learning classification algorithms in predicting human ratings of student essays about…

Empirical based theory about literary development and differentiation in upper-secondary schools

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Witte, T. C. H.; Rijlaarsdam, G. C. W.; Schram, D. H.

2010-01-01

In the process of literary socialization in upper-secondary schools, adolescents learn to respond to literature in accordance with the examination syllabus. Two of the major problems teachers of literature have to deal with are 1) how they can deliver instructions and implement their goals to

Twentieth-Century Latin American Literary Studies and Cultural Autonomy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Naomi Lindstrom

1995-06-01

Full Text Available Since the 1920s, when scholars first began to specialize in Latin American writing, the subject of Latin American literary studies has grown from a small subset of Spanish and Portuguese literary research and teaching to become the largest field within Hispanism and a significant presence in comparative literature. The expansion of their place in the academic world has often prompted students of Latin American literature to wonder whether, in being swept into the mainstream, their field has not left out of account the historical situations of Latin American nations. These reflections lead critics back to a problem that has troubled Latin American thinkers since Independence: the achievement, or erosion, of cultural autonomy. Though undeniably close to major powers, the Latin American nations are unequal partners in trade and cultural exchange. Corresponding to their uneven and shifting relations with Europe and later the United States, their cultural life evolves following a distinctive historical dynamic. This article considers recent efforts by scholars and essayists to characterize the features that distinguish Latin America from more politically and economically advantaged nations. Special attention goes to those scholars who, drawing on anthropological research, examine communicative and expressive practices of indigenous origin, and those who borrow from economic theory to view Latin America as shaped by its history of dependence on more powerful nations and regions.

STORY OF BIG FLOOD IN THE MODERN INDONESIAN LITERARY: AN ECOCRITICISM STUDY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Saifur Rohman

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The nature of paper shows that Ecocriticism is not popular issue in the modern Indonesian criticism. Hence, it is very crucial to develop the Indonesian criticism based on the ecological perspective because nowday that the term development is synonym with exploiting the nature. The paper is to find out the ecological issue in the modern indonesian literary, especially in fiction prose and poems publised for late ten years. To analyze the work, researcher is used semiotic method and hermeneutic design of research as an approach. Semiotic will investigate the symbol behind the words and hermeneutic will translated the symbol to actual message. Based on the analysis, the ecological theme in the modern Indonesian literary is crucial interpretation. The meaning appeared in the work  has given the imporant values of increasing care of nature, human kind, and harmonization. For recomentation, in the future researcher should have interpretate the work based on the ecocriticism to increase meaning of human and nature.

Figure-associated text summarization and evaluation.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Balaji Polepalli Ramesh

Full Text Available Biomedical literature incorporates millions of figures, which are a rich and important knowledge resource for biomedical researchers. Scientists need access to the figures and the knowledge they represent in order to validate research findings and to generate new hypotheses. By themselves, these figures are nearly always incomprehensible to both humans and machines and their associated texts are therefore essential for full comprehension. The associated text of a figure, however, is scattered throughout its full-text article and contains redundant information content. In this paper, we report the continued development and evaluation of several figure summarization systems, the FigSum+ systems, that automatically identify associated texts, remove redundant information, and generate a text summary for every figure in an article. Using a set of 94 annotated figures selected from 19 different journals, we conducted an intrinsic evaluation of FigSum+. We evaluate the performance by precision, recall, F1, and ROUGE scores. The best FigSum+ system is based on an unsupervised method, achieving F1 score of 0.66 and ROUGE-1 score of 0.97. The annotated data is available at figshare.com (http://figshare.com/articles/Figure_Associated_Text_Summarization_and_Evaluation/858903.

Figure-associated text summarization and evaluation.

Science.gov (United States)

Polepalli Ramesh, Balaji; Sethi, Ricky J; Yu, Hong

2015-01-01

Biomedical literature incorporates millions of figures, which are a rich and important knowledge resource for biomedical researchers. Scientists need access to the figures and the knowledge they represent in order to validate research findings and to generate new hypotheses. By themselves, these figures are nearly always incomprehensible to both humans and machines and their associated texts are therefore essential for full comprehension. The associated text of a figure, however, is scattered throughout its full-text article and contains redundant information content. In this paper, we report the continued development and evaluation of several figure summarization systems, the FigSum+ systems, that automatically identify associated texts, remove redundant information, and generate a text summary for every figure in an article. Using a set of 94 annotated figures selected from 19 different journals, we conducted an intrinsic evaluation of FigSum+. We evaluate the performance by precision, recall, F1, and ROUGE scores. The best FigSum+ system is based on an unsupervised method, achieving F1 score of 0.66 and ROUGE-1 score of 0.97. The annotated data is available at figshare.com (http://figshare.com/articles/Figure_Associated_Text_Summarization_and_Evaluation/858903).

On the Origin of Hobbes’s Conception of Language: The Literary Culture of English Renaissance Humanism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio H. Orozco-Echeverri

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Hobbes' education in the literary culture of English Renaissance humanism has been overlooked as an important tradition in understanding his position in Early Modern Philosophy. Against the traditional readings of Hobbes' conception of language as a sequel to Medieval nominalism, I will argue that Hobbes' education in the literary culture of Renaissance humanism and his subsequent developments in this tradition would have allowed him to consider philosophical problems raised by new science in an original way and, thus, to introduce his innovative conception of language as the core of his solution to the problem of social and natural orders.

The Getic Ovid in Prešeren and Politian: Literary Myth, Political Paradigm, Civilisatory Argument

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marko Marinčič

2010-12-01

Full Text Available For France Prešeren, Ovid is an important literary model (Gazele[Ghazals], Ljubeznjeni soneti[Amorous Sonnets] and the paradigm of an unhappy poet (Glosa. In fact, what has prompted some contemporary interpreters to read Ovid’s exile to Tomis as mere autobiographical fiction is Ovid’s own endeavour to endow his exile with a paradigmatic quality. The experience of the poet-exile, described in the Tristia andEpistulae ex Ponto, thus acquired the status of a literary myth in the early modern era; it was already Angelo Poliziano who additionally used it as a paradigm of great literary authority, which could be wielded by a contemporary poet-exile as an argument in his conflict with the prince or the state. Politian, who voluntarily withdrew from Florence for six months in 1479–80, applied Ovid’s exile in literary form to his own experience; his Epigram XXVII sounds the theme of his decline as an artist, which the prince may halt by recalling the poet from the barbarian country. Ovid himself attributed his artistic “decline” to his linguistic alienation, practically illustrating the latter with subtle stylistic devices (such as “stuttering”. Similarly, Prešeren’s German cycle, which was published in the Illyrisches Blatt and originally intended for publication in his Poems, may be read as a didactic staging of denationalisation; the first poem, which expressly alludes to Ovid, effectively portrays by reference to the Tristia the spontaneous, uncontrolled process of language assimilation. In this sense, the German cycle is both a warning, aimed at the half-Germanised bourgeoisie, and a self-ironic, metaliterary illustration of linguistic alienation in the poet’s home exile.

I read. You read? Challenges and possibilities in working with literary literacy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sayonara Abrantes de Oliveira

2017-07-01

Full Text Available This article is the result of a project linked to the Institutional Program of Scientific Initiation Scholarships for Higher Education (PIBIC-EM. The program’s objective was to analyze the contributing factors for the process of reading literacy training in order to verify how young people make their choices of literary texts, as well as know the difficulties and facilities they face in contact with these genres. To do so, we used the quantitative qualitative research through the application of a questionnaire, consisting of open questions, and applied to the students of the Integrated in Information Technology and Integrated Technician in the Environment of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraíba (IFPB/campus Sousa courses. We also analyzed the perceptions derived from the observations of the Reader Club of the same campus, in an attempt to verify how the intervention of activities that mediate literary literacy favors the stimulus to the reading formation. Based on the data analysis, we observed that the student's distance element from reading is the lack of incentive, that is, the construction of an atmosphere that surrounds him, both in the classroom and in the other environments that welcome him. To overcome this, it is necessary for the teacher to have a theoretical-methodological apparatus guiding in his classes, since mediation favors literary literacy, having as support the Receptional Method and a conception of reading that articulates the interactional to the discursive, helping in the organization and selection of texts, in order to achieve the objectives of the formation of the reader.

Discourse on Narrative Research: The Construction Zone--Literary Elements in Narrative Research

Science.gov (United States)

Coulter, Cathy A.; Smith, Mary Lee

2009-01-01

Narrative research has become part of the landscape of education inquiry, yet its theory and practice are still debated and evolving. This article addresses the construction of narratives using literary elements common to nonfiction and fiction writings. The authors discuss these elements and use four narratives to illustrate them. They address…

It's Not the Book, It's Not the Author, It's the Award: The Lambda Literary Award and the Case for Strategic Essentialism

Science.gov (United States)

Crisp, Thomas

2011-01-01

On September 16, 2009, the Lambda Literary Foundation (LLF) released a statement revising their eligibility guidelines for the Lambda Literary Award, the most prestigious citation offered for LGBT books and authors. This criteria, which demands that an author must self-identify as a member of the LGBT family of writers, has been met with…

Literatura a digitální kultura: Potřebujeme digital literary studies?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Piorecký, Karel

2015-01-01

Roč. 63, č. 6 (2015), s. 935-949 ISSN 0009-0468 R&D Projects: GA ČR GPP406/12/P603 Institutional support: RVO:68378068 Keywords : digital culture * postdigital culture * literary system * digital humanities Subject RIV: AJ - Letters, Mass-media, Audiovision

Clinical empathy and narrative competence: the relevance of reading talmudic legends as literary fiction.

Science.gov (United States)

Davidson, John H

2015-04-01

The "curative potential" in almost any clinical setting depends on a caregiver establishing and maintaining an empathic connection with patients so as to achieve "narrative competence" in discerning and acting in accord with their preferences and best interests. The "narrative medicine" model of shared "close reading of literature and reflective writing" among clinicians as a means of fostering a capacity for clinical empathy has gained validation with recent empirical studies demonstrating the enhancement of theory of mind (ToM), broadly conceived as empathy, in readers of literary fiction. Talmudic legends, like that of Rabbi Judah's death, are under-appreciated, relevant sources of literary fiction for these efforts. The limitations of narrative medicine are readily counterbalanced by simultaneously practiced attention to traditional bioethical principles, including-especially-beneficence, non-maleficence, and autonomy.

Nonconformist discourse of literary criticism activity of Mykhailyna Kotsiubynska

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Светлана Григорьевна Бугай

2015-05-01

Full Text Available The peculiarity of scientific and critical reception of history and theory of Ukrainian literature in studios of Mykhaylyna Kotsiubynska is considered in the article. It is given the detailed analysis of scientific approaches and attitudes in literary interpretation of the key issues of artistic discourse: features of genre-thematic, compositional structure, imagery and stylistic palette of writing, specific of writer’s artistic thinking, ethical and philosophical foundations of creativity, originality of associative relationships, understanding artistic heritage in the context of the time

What Renaissance Literary Theory Tells us about Climate Communication

Science.gov (United States)

Guenther, G. J.

2017-12-01

Many current debates in climate communication-to convey the consensus or not to convey the consensus; to frighten people or encourage them-seem to center on the question of how to discuss climate science and its ability to predict climate impacts. By examining the Renaissance literary theory that represents poets as better teachers than philosophers and scientists, this paper argues that climate advocates should redefine climate communication to include a variety of artistic discourses that make meaning in order to inspire people into political action.

On variation of word frequencies in Russian literary texts

Science.gov (United States)

Kargin, Vladislav

2016-03-01

We study the variation of word frequencies in Russian literary texts. Our findings indicate that the standard deviation of a word's frequency across texts depends on its average frequency according to a power law with exponent 1/2 volatility (that is, higher "burstiness"). A latent factor model has been estimated to investigate the structure of the word frequency distribution. The findings suggest that the dependence of a word's frequency volatility on its average frequency can be explained by the asymmetry in the distribution of latent factors.

Figure 3

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — The Figure.tar.gz contains a directory for each WRF ensemble run. In these directories are *.csv files for each meteorology variable examined. These are comma...

The literary myth of the double in entertainment media content

OpenAIRE

Robson Souza dos Santos

2011-01-01

This article discusses how the myth of the literary double stands in entertainment media, becoming a recurrent figure of cinema productions, and, later on, of soap operas, the main entertainment vehicle in latin-american countries. Frequently, the image of the double or stunt-man, in literature and soap opera productions, has been directly associated with the creature’s desire of becoming creator, and that myth is the main focus of discussion in this article.

WRITTEN FAITH: LITERARY ELEMENTS OF ITALIAN IMMIGRATION IN SOUTH BRAZIL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Catarina Chitolina Zanini

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This article aims to present and analyze literary productions drawn up by descendants of Italian settlers in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil and highlight how religiosity is a recurring theme present in this texts. This is a migration process that has more than a century and the writing activity proved to be a very usable tool in conservation (and construction of collectives or individuals memories for the contemporary generations.

LANGUAGE USED IN ADVERTISING LITERARY ARTS REKLAM DİLİNDE KULLANILAN EDEBÎ SANATLAR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bekir ÇINAR

2009-12-01

Full Text Available This study, has been prepeared for examining the advertisement texts creativities and artistic language particularities especially for literary arts. For this reason spoken, written and visual media advertisements has been used. Which media groups will publish this sample advertise ments has been confirmed. The literary arts published in the advertisements have been defined shortly then with this work how much literary arts has been used in the advertisement will be shown you. Bu çalışma, reklam metinlerinin yaratıcı ve sanatsal bir dil özelliğini edebî sanatlar bağlamında incelemek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu amaçla sözlü, yazılı ve görsel medyadaki reklamlardan ve bazı haber başlıklarından faydalanılmıştır. Örneklemeye alınan reklamların hangi basın yayın organında yayınlandığı belirtilmiştir. Reklamlarda yer alan edebî sanatların önce kısa bir tanımı yapılmış, daha sonra reklamla ilişkilendirerek açıklanmıştır. Bu çalışmayla reklam dilinde edebî sanatların ne ölçüde kullanıldığı gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır.

Should the Bible Be Taught as a Literary Classic in Public Education?

Science.gov (United States)

Malikow, Max

2010-01-01

The research question "Should the Bible be taught as a literary classic in public education?" was pursued by a survey of nineteen scholars from three disciplines: education, literature, and law. The collected data served to guide the researcher in the writing of an analytical essay responding to the research question. The research…

Como fazer uma sociologia da singularidade? Autoria e campo literário How to make sociology of singularity? Authorship and literary field

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andréa Borges Leão

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Se o ponto de partida de uma sociologia do estatuto do criador em literatura é o funcionamento social das obras e das condições de sua produção em um espaço de posicionamentos específi cos, o percurso da análise deve acompanhar a lógica dos valores que fundamenta o trabalho de criação. A moderna atividade literária não escapa às tensões entre a afirrmação dos valores associados à singularidade do indivíduo e as regras coletivas que confi guram e orientam as relações no mundo literário, a exemplo dos poderes de consagração e reconhecimento. Daí os embates entre as formas de comportamento individual e a organização das instituições sociais que regulam o trabalho literário. O objetivo deste artigo é situar o escritor, enquanto sujeito historicamente submetido a um “regime de singularidade”, face à estrutura do campo literário. Para tanto, estabelece um possível diálogo entre a abordagem compreensiva da socióloga Nathalie Heinich e a ciência das obras elaborada por Pierre Bourdieu. Palavras-chave: Campo literário. Singularidade. Autoria literária. Direito do autor. Instituições literárias. If the starting point of sociology of the author statute in literature is the social functioning of the pieces and also the conditions of their production in specifi c space, the way to analysis should follow the logic which is the base of that creation. The modern literary activity isn’t free of the tension between the affi rmation of individual singularity associated value and the collective rules that form and guide the literary world relations, like the ways of acclaim and acknowledgment. From there comes the shock between the ways of individual behavior and the organization of social institutes that set the literary world. The goal of this article is to place the author, while a historical subject of a “singularity regime”, in front of the structure of the literary fi eld. In order to achieve that, the

Figure6

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — R script for the reproduction of Figure6. This script accesses archived CMAQ and WRF model output on US EPA's HPC sol computer system and plots forward trajectories...

Belano alter ego de Bolaño. Sobre la creación de una identidad literaria en Los detectives salvajes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guadalupe Silva

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The article analyzes the construction of a literary identity in Roberto Bolaño's novel The Savage Detectives (1998. Starting with the hypothesis that his narrative elaborates a revalorization of the poetic, this work investigates the procedures and models of the mentioned construction. Designed from both autobiographical hints and literary types, the profile of Belano, Bolaño's alter ego, unites the author's life experiences with others that have been legendarized by literature or literary history. The article discusses not only the literary construction of Bolaño's characters, but the transformation of Bolano himself in a literary figure.

Three Literary Works, Three Countries, Three Dimensions of Modernity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yücel KARADAŞ

2010-12-01

Full Text Available This article studies three literary works—two dramatic works and a novel—in terms of the modernization processes in three countries, of the class relationships to which these processes gave rise, the classes lost or gained power and of the character types arisen in these processes. These three countries are Turkey, Russia and England. And the three literary works are Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoglu‘s Kiralik Konak from Turkish literature, Chekhov‘s The Cherry Orchard from Russian literature and Bernard Shaw‘s Heartbreak House from English literature. During the selection of the first two works the facts that the modernization processes in Turkey and Russia began around the same time and that there were certain wars and different kinds of relationship between the two countries in the last two centuries of the Ottoman Empire were taken into consideration. Moving from this point, we aim to compare and contrast the Turkish-Ottoman modernization with the modernization process in Russia. On the other hand, the reason behind the selection of Heartbreak House is that it is thought that a comparison or a contrast with an industrialized country—England—that completed its modernization in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries would facilitate understanding the different levels of modernization experienced in Turkey and Russia at the time. Thus, the article analyzes the abovementioned works from a sociological perspective to arrive at some conclusion about the modernization processes and socio-economical upheavals in three countries

Readings on Jane Austen. The Greenhaven Press Literary Companion to British Authors.

Science.gov (United States)

Swisher, Clarice, Ed.

Designed for young adults, this book on Jane Austen's novels is one of an anthology series providing accessible resources for students researching great literary lives and works. Contributing writers' essays in the book are taken from a wide variety of sources and are edited to accommodate the reading and comprehension levels of young adults; each…

Write it right a little blacklist of literary faults

CERN Document Server

Bierce, Ambrose

2010-01-01

Amusing and thought-provoking, this A-to-Z compendium outlines common oral and written gaffes. Ambrose Bierce, a celebrated literary wit, assembled his informative compilation in 1909 from many years of observations and notes. He advocates precision in language, offering alternatives to grammatical lapses and inaccurate word choices.Moneyed for Wealthy: ""The moneyed men of New York."" One might as sensibly say, ""The cattled men of Texas,"" or, ""The lobstered men of the fish market."" Name for Title and Name: ""His name was Mr. Smith."" Surely no babe was ever christened Mister. Juncture m

Figure S1 Figure S2

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

WINTEC

6.8. 7.0. 7.2. 7.4. 7.6. 7.8. 8.0. 8.2. 8.4. 8.6. 8.8 ppm. 0.0. 1.8. 9.7. 5.4. 6.9. 8.1. 9.0. 10.8. 3.2. 10.3. Figure S3. NMR titration of DAN-Ia acid with NDI at 30% MeOH in CDCl3. The numbers represent the mole ratios of the DAN-acid to the repeat unit.

Current Practices in Instruction in the Literary Braille Code University Personnel Preparation Programs

Science.gov (United States)

Rosenblum, L. Penny; Lewis, Sandra; D'Andrea, Frances Mary

2010-01-01

University instructors were surveyed to determine the requirements for their literary braille courses. Twenty-one instructors provided information on the textbooks they used; how they determined errors; reading proficiency requirements; and other pertinent information, such as methods of assessing mastery of the production of braille using a…

Editing Identity: Literary Anthologies and the Construction of the Author in Meiji Japan

Science.gov (United States)

Des Jardin, Molly Catherine

2012-01-01

"Editing Identity: Literary Anthologies and the Construction of the Author in Meiji Japan" problematizes widespread acceptance of anthologies of authors' "complete works" as both transparent and authoritative compendia of Japanese literature. In the Meiji period (1868-1912), they enjoyed a sudden boom in popularity and have…

Bloomsday 100: the making of a literary legend.

Science.gov (United States)

Kaplan, Robert M

2004-06-01

As a background to the centenary of Bloomsday, to explore the circumstances in which James Joyce wrote "Ulysses", noting the autobiographical elements and unique style, including the stream-of-consciousness technique that depicted the inner life of the characters. Selected quotations are used to illustrate these points. Joyce wanted to show that the epic and the heroic is in our lives every day. "Ulysses" defined the literary consciousness of the 20th century. By basing the novel about a day in the life of three ordinary characters on Homer's epic account of an 18 year voyage, Joyce re-established the link between 20th century consciousness and classical times.

Literary study and evolutionary theory : A review essay.

Science.gov (United States)

Carroll, J

1998-09-01

Several recent books have claimed to integrate literary study with evolutionary biology. All of the books here considered, except Robert Storey's, adopt conceptions of evolutionary theory that are in some way marginal to the Darwinian adaptationist program. All the works attempt to connect evolutionary study with various other disciplines or methodologies: for example, with cultural anthropology, cognitive psychology, the psychology of emotion, neurobiology, chaos theory, or structuralist linguistics. No empirical paradigm has yet been established for this field, but important steps have been taken, especially by Storey, in formulating basic principles, identifying appropriate disciplinary connections, and marking out lines of inquiry. Reciprocal efforts are needed from biologists and social scientists.

Clinical Empathy and Narrative Competence: The Relevance of Reading Talmudic Legends as Literary Fiction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John H. Davidson

2015-04-01

Full Text Available The “curative potential” in almost any clinical setting depends on a caregiver establishing and maintaining an empathic connection with patients so as to achieve “narrative competence” in discerning and acting in accord with their preferences and best interests. The “narrative medicine” model of shared “close reading of literature and reflective writing” among clinicians as a means of fostering a capacity for clinical empathy has gained validation with recent empirical studies demonstrating the enhancement of theory of mind (ToM, broadly conceived as empathy, in readers of literary fiction. Talmudic legends, like that of Rabbi Judah’s death, are under-appreciated, relevant sources of literary fiction for these efforts. The limitations of narrative medicine are readily counterbalanced by simultaneously practiced attention to traditional bioethical principles, including—especially—beneficence, non-maleficence, and autonomy.

The Literary Legacy Inherited by Ankara of the Republican Era: Literary Life and Milieux in Ankara until the Republic Era

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Necati Tonga

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Ankara became one of the most important circles of literary activities after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923. In this era, the most prevalent factor for this nourishment was that Ankara was chosen as the capital city and Turkey would be governed from Ankara from then on. Besides this fact, before being the capital, Ankara had a rich background in terms of literature. The city had a strong tradition of Divan and Sufi literature in the ruling periods of Seljuks and Ottomans. Many Divan poets and minstrels lived in Ankara throughout history. In those times, in addition to madrasahs, dervish lodges and mosques, there were taverns, inns, mansions, coffeehouses, vineyards and gardens that were used for gatherings where poems were recited and talks about literature took place. Before the establishment of the Republic, in the years between 1919 and 1922, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk proclaimed Ankara as the headquarters of the national movements. This choice brought out a liveliness to Ankara in terms of literature. In this period until the Republic, many places serving as dervish lodges, coffeehouses, restaurants, gardens, taverns, and shops, and newspaper editorials such as Tâceddin Dergâhı (Taceddin’s Lodge, Kuyulu Kahve (Coffee-shop, Merkez Kıraathanesi (Central coffee-shop, Hakimiyet-i Milliye and Yenigün Newspaper Editorial Offices, Anadolu Lokantası (Anadolu Restaurant, Teceddüt Lokantası (Teceddüt Restaurant, Abdullah Efendi Lokantası (Abdullah Efendi Restaurant, Muallimler Birliği (Teachers Union, Şehir Bahçesi (City Garden, Dayko’nun Tütüncü Dükkânı (Dayko’s Tobacco Shop and Efe Haydar’ın Meyhanesi (Efe Haydar’s Tavern were prominent gathering places that flourished in the literary activities of Ankara.

An Epistemological Justification of the Place of Literary Art in the Curriculum.

Science.gov (United States)

Phillips, Ruth Ann

The purpose of this study was to epistemologically justify the place of literary art in the curriculum by showing that its aesthetic significance gives knowledge that can be communicated in no other terms than its own and that this knowledge is consistent with certain epistemological theories. Using theories of art proposed by Langer and Cassirer,…

Fictions of the Writer: A Critical Articulation of Collaborative Writing and Literary Studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Haefner, Joel

In recent years the High Romantic concept of the solitary author has been intensely challenged. Compositionists and various theorists have deconstructed the concept of isolated authorship and critiqued the Romantic notion of individual genius. Meanwhile, the reconstruction of the female literary tradition introduced the question of gender and…

The Interdisciplinary Curriculum: A Literary Review and a Manual for Administrators and Teachers.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Jaimie; Karr-Kidwell, PJ

The purpose of this paper was to provide a literary review and to create a manual explaining the difference between an interdisciplinary curriculum and other curriculum approaches. An interdisciplinary curriculum is a holistic approach that links the disciplines by emphasizing relationships and connections. A different approach to curriculum…

Primo Levi and the Periodic Table: Teaching Chemistry Using A Literary Text (Excerpt)

Science.gov (United States)

Osorio, Viktoria Klara Lakatos; Tiedemann, Peter Wilhelm; Porto, Paulo Alves

2007-01-01

The excerpts from The Periodic Table book written by Primo Levi is discussed related to chemical concepts. The use of a literary text as a starting point of discussions of chemical concepts has allowed the integration of various topics covered in separate courses of the undergraduate program in chemistry.

A Review on Developing Critical Thinking Skills through Literary Texts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noraini Ahmad Shukri

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Many ESL instructors are generally in agreement with the belief that it is essential that students should be assisted in developing critical thinking skills while being engaged in their language learning process especially those learning the target language at higher level (Stern, 1985; Dickinson, 1991; McKay, 2001; Terry, 2007; Van, 2009; Odenwald, 2010. As it enables language learners to engage in a more purposeful and self-regulatory in judgment, helping them in their evaluation of the arguments of others and of their own, coming to well-reasoned resolutions to any complex problems and to be able to resolve conflicts encountered in their daily lives. Critical thinking requires them to be actively involved in their own learning process as they attempt to individually understand and apply the information they are exposed to during the classroom interaction (Landsberger, 1999; Tung & Chang, 2009. The many advantageous and feasibility of teaching instruction that incorporates the study of literature in the ESL classroom which suggests that literature texts, if correctly chosen and instructed, can prove to be beneficial to ESL students’ overall level of literacy and critical thinking skills. Numerous empirical researches also asserted that literary texts that are authentic, enjoyable, and motivating would naturally increase both their knowledge of the target language patterns and cultural awareness. Keywords: Critical thinking, ESL classroom, literature, literary text

“There’s never any ending to Paris” Creating a Literary Myth: Geocritical Aspects of the Works of the Lost Generation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Krisztina Sárdi

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This essay proposes to present and analyse the pictures or representations of Paris in Ernest Hemingway’s, Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s and Gertrude Stein’s different works. The theoretical framework of the piece is geocriticism by which the author attempts to discover how these works contributed to the literary construction of the French capital. The other objective of the essay is however to show the birth of a Parisian literary myth. After giving a brief overview of recent spatiality studies, the paper explains in-depth the geocritical method by the analysis of certain extracts of the different literary perceptions of Paris in the twenties, written by Francis Scott Fitzgerald (Babylon Revisited, Ernest Hemingway (A Moveable Feast and Gertrude Stein (Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, Paris, France. The latter approach can help to shed some light on the reasons why these expatriates (American and British writers, artists came to Paris in the first place and what attracted them so much. Later on, the paper explains that the artists of the Lost Generation were disoriented and aimless after the war, so they headed to Paris to find some ‘old’ values and rebuild their lifes. These authors found there a new and very inspirational atmosphere, new friends, new goals, they started interesting publishing initiatives and searched for their proper literary voices. In the meantime, by representing the always exciting and crowded Parisian life, they created a literary myth of Paris which considers the city as safe haven for artists and writers – saying that Paris is a never resting “moveable feast”.

Figures and First Years: An Analysis of Calculus Students' Use of Figures in Technical Reports

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nathan J. Antonacci

2017-07-01

Full Text Available This three-year study focused on first-year Calculus I students and their abilities to incorporate figures in technical reports. In each year, these calculus students wrote a technical report as part of the Polar Bear Module, an educational unit developed for use in partner courses in biology, computer science, mathematics, and physics as part of the Multidisciplinary Sustainability Education (MSE project at Ithaca College. In the first year of the project, students received basic technical report guidelines. In year two, the report guidelines changed to include explicit language on how to incorporate figures. In year three, a grading rubric was added to the materials provided to one of the two classes. In all three years, the students performed below expectations in their use of graphs in their reports. Reviews of the figures in the 78 technical reports written by the 106 students showed repeated deficiencies in the figures and how the students used them in the discussion sections and in evidence-based arguments. In year three the student’s quantitative literacy (QL skills were assessed using an extract from a QL assessment instrument published in Numeracy. The results indicated that the students could both read and interpret figures, suggesting that issues with QL were not the main contributor to student difficulty with written discussion about graphs. The study underscores the need that explicit instructional attention be given to developing student knowhow in the use of figures in technical reports.

Adventures with Lissajous Figures

Science.gov (United States)

Greenslade, Thomas B., Jr.

2018-06-01

Lissajous Figures are produced by combining two oscillations at right angles to each other. The figures, drawn by mechanical devices called harmonographs, have scientific uses, but are also enjoyed for their own beauty. The author has been working with harmonographs since his undergraduate days, building several of them, lecturing on them and has written articles about them. This book is intended for people who enjoy physics or art or both.

Criticism of the narrative works of Gabriel García Márquez in Serbian literary magazines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vesna Z Dickov

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Since the Serbian translation of the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude appeared in 1973, the narrative works of Gabriel García Márquez have continued to interest Serbian critics. After an initial break with readers’ expectations, criticism of the magical realism and other aspects of the prose of García Márquez soon (from 1975 began to develop in Serbia, and intensified in the later seventies of the last century as well as at the end of the first decade of the 21st century, when a series of essays, reviews, articles and studies were published on the novels, stories, reportages, essays and memoirs of García Márquez, including his journalistic work. Half of the texts written by Serbian critics for literary journals came out in Belgrade, especially in Književna reč (The Literary Word, the most prolific authors being Radomir Ivanović and Branko Anđić. The judgment of Serbian critics, presented in the literary magazines, which was based frequently on the latest advances in narratology, genealogy and comparative literature, has contributed greatly to the shaping of readers’ expectations not only regarding Gabriel García Márquez’s prose but also new Latin American narrative in general.

String figures as mathematics? an anthropological approach to string figure-making in oral tradition societies

CERN Document Server

Vandendriessche, Eric

2015-01-01

This book addresses the mathematical rationality contained in the making of string figures. It does so by using interdisciplinary methods borrowed from anthropology, mathematics, history and philosophy of mathematics. The practice of string figure-making has long been carried out in many societies, and particularly in those of oral tradition. It consists in applying a succession of operations to a string (knotted into a loop), mostly using the fingers and sometimes the feet, the wrists or the mouth. This succession of operations is intended to generate a final figure. The book explores differ

In Search of Lost Community: The Literary Image between “Proust” and “Baudelaire” in Walter Benjamin’s Modernization Lament

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karyn Ball

2015-02-01

Full Text Available This essay takes up the encounter between philosophy and literature through a reconsideration of Walter Benjamin’s remarks from “On Some Motifs in Baudelaire” about Henri Bergson’s Matière et mémoire as an attempt “[t]owering above” other ventures into Lebensphilosophie to “lay hold of the ‘true’ experience, as opposed to the kind that manifests itself in the standardized, denatured life of the civilized masses”. Despite his initial affirmation of Bergson’s understanding of experience as connected with tradition, Benjamin criticizes the philosopher’s account for sidestepping “the alienating, blinding experience of the age of large-scale industrialism” in reaction to which, as Benjamin insists, Bergson’s philosophy of memory developed. Yet even as Bergson shuts out the historical import of modernization, according to Benjamin, he also spotlights a “complementary” visual experience “in the form of its spontaneous afterimage”. Benjamin subsequently defines Bergson’s philosophy as “an attempt to specify this afterimage and fix it as a permanent record”, an endeavor that inadvertently “furnishes a clue to the experience which presented itself undistorted to Baudelaire’s eyes, in the figure of his reader”. If the literary critic might be viewed here as weighing in on a long-running antagonism between philosophy and literature, then his assessment is resolute: by praising the self-conscious historicity of Baudelaire’s lyric, Benjamin declares that poetry succeeds where Lebensphilosophie fails. Notably, Baudelaire is not the only figure to upstage “ahistorical” Bergson, since Marcel Proust and Sigmund Freud facilitate this victory. To contextualize the second section of “Motifs”, where Benjamin discusses the novelist’s “immanent critique of Bergson” this essay offers a reading of “On the Image of Proust” as a propadeutic to Benjamin’s privileging of “Baudelaire” over �

Figure-ground segmentation can occur without attention.

Science.gov (United States)

Kimchi, Ruth; Peterson, Mary A

2008-07-01

The question of whether or not figure-ground segmentation can occur without attention is unresolved. Early theorists assumed it can, but the evidence is scant and open to alternative interpretations. Recent research indicating that attention can influence figure-ground segmentation raises the question anew. We examined this issue by asking participants to perform a demanding change-detection task on a small matrix presented on a task-irrelevant scene of alternating regions organized into figures and grounds by convexity. Independently of any change in the matrix, the figure-ground organization of the scene changed or remained the same. Changes in scene organization produced congruency effects on target-change judgments, even though, when probed with surprise questions, participants could report neither the figure-ground status of the region on which the matrix appeared nor any change in that status. When attending to the scene, participants reported figure-ground status and changes to it highly accurately. These results clearly demonstrate that figure-ground segmentation can occur without focal attention.

LITERARY LANGUAGE AS A SIGN. SEMIOTIC CONSIDERATIONS ON THE CROATIAN LANGUAGE IN THE CULTURAL SYSTEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maciej Czerwiński

2011-01-01

Full Text Available In the article the question of the existence of the Croatian literary language in the semiotic space, i.e. the system of culture, is taken into consideration. In order to affirm the idea of the justification of the very term Croatian language, and thus acceptance of the thesis of the existence of such a language, this argumentation is directed towards theoretical investigation in the semiotic field. There is an attempt to envisage that discussions in the post-Yugoslav linguistics are not the problem, conventionally speaking, ‘ontological’ but ‘epistemological’. Thus, it is not important the question whether the Croatian language or any other language, e.g. Montenegrin, exists but rather the following question: what does it mean that literary language exists or does not exist?

Graphics of polar figure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Macias B, L.R.

1991-11-01

The objective of this work, is that starting from a data file coming from a spectra that has been softened, and of the one that have been generated its coordinates to project it in stereographic form, to create the corresponding polar figure making use of the Cyber computer of the ININ by means of the GRAPHOS package. This work only requires a Beta, Fi and Intensity (I) enter data file. It starts of the existence of a softened spectra of which have been generated already with these data, making use of some language that in this case was FORTRAN for the Cyber computer, a program is generated supported in the Graphos package that allows starting of a reading of the Beta, Fi, I file, to generate the points in a stereographic projection and that it culminates with the graph of the corresponding polar figure. The program will request the pertinent information that is wanted to capture in the polar figure just as: date, name of the enter file, indexes of the polar figure, number of levels, radio of the stereographic projection (cms.), crystalline system to which belongs the sample, name the neuter graph file by create and to add the own general data. (Author)

Literary Translation, Translating Culture: The Case of Shahriyar, the Famous Iranian Azeri Poet

Science.gov (United States)

Kianbakht, Saijad

2016-01-01

A literary translation is a device of art used to release the text from its dependence on prior cultural knowledge (Herzfeld, 2003). The present research investigates the use of pragmatic equivalence in two translations of the Azeri Turkish long poem "Haydar Babaye Salam" by "Shahriyar." Based on Koller's theory of equivalence…

Utterance and Function in Genre Studies: A Literary Perspective

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Auken, Sune

2015-01-01

of the complexities involved when Genre Studies confront genres whose utterances are more complex than the “homely discourses” usually discussed in RGS. Formal and thematic features play a far too significant role in literary works to be explicable simply as derivations from function alone. But this is not limited...... to formal and thematic interpretations of genre, by allowing the utterances themselves to re-enter center stage. This enables an improved understanding of complex genres. It also revives close reading as a viable approach to understanding genre and thus to inform the rhetorical, linguistic, and sociological...

Figure-ground segregation: A fully nonlocal approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Dimiccoli, Mariella

2016-09-01

We present a computational model that computes and integrates in a nonlocal fashion several configural cues for automatic figure-ground segregation. Our working hypothesis is that the figural status of each pixel is a nonlocal function of several geometric shape properties and it can be estimated without explicitly relying on object boundaries. The methodology is grounded on two elements: multi-directional linear voting and nonlinear diffusion. A first estimation of the figural status of each pixel is obtained as a result of a voting process, in which several differently oriented line-shaped neighborhoods vote to express their belief about the figural status of the pixel. A nonlinear diffusion process is then applied to enforce the coherence of figural status estimates among perceptually homogeneous regions. Computer simulations fit human perception and match the experimental evidence that several cues cooperate in defining figure-ground segregation. The results of this work suggest that figure-ground segregation involves feedback from cells with larger receptive fields in higher visual cortical areas. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

“There’s never any ending to Paris” Creating a Literary Myth: Geocritical Aspects of the Works of the Lost Generation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Krisztina Sárdi

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This essay proposes to present and analyse the pictures or representations of Paris in Ernest Hemingway’s, Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s and Gertrude Stein’s different works. The theoretical framework of the piece is geocriticism by which the author attempts to discover how these works contributed to the literary construction of the French capital. The other objective of the essay is however to show the birth of a Parisian literary myth. After giving a brief overview of recent spatiality studies, the paper explains in-depth the geocritical method by the analysis of certain extracts of the different literary perceptions of Paris in the twenties, written by Francis Scott Fitzgerald (Babylon Revisited, Ernest Hemingway (A Moveable Feast and Gertrude Stein (Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, Paris, France. The latter approach can help to shed some light on the reasons why these expatriates (American and British writers, artists came to Paris in the first place and what attracted them so much. Later on, the paper explains that the artists of the Lost Generation were disoriented and aimless after the war, so they headed to Paris to find some ‘old’ values and rebuild their lifes. These authors found there a new and very inspirational atmosphere, new friends, new goals, they started interesting publishing initiatives and searched for their proper literary voices. In the meantime, by representing the always exciting and crowded Parisian life, they created a literary myth of Paris which considers the city as safe haven for artists and writers – saying that Paris is a never resting “moveable feast”.  

CONTEMPORARY INDIGENOUS LITERATURE: FORMS AND CONTENTS IN THE POETRY AND PROSE OF THE II LITERARY PARTY OF INDIGENOUS POETICS.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Deborah Goldemberg

2010-06-01

Full Text Available By analyzing the forms and contents of the presentations made by indigenous performers and writers at the I Literary Party of Indigenous Poetics, this article exposes the challenges faced by traditional genre theories in tackling indigenous narratives and analyses how this “crisis” contributes to widening hierarchical and Western biased conceptions. On a stage open to contemporary indigenous expression, as is the literary party, the concepts of performance and storytelling, with the social function of maintaining tradition, continuous learning and transformation, better define this indigenous expression.

Evaluation of the pole figure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cabrera B, E.; Macias B, L.R.

1984-01-01

In the present work it's shown the possibility of obtaining a pole-figure from the data generated in a conventional X-ray equipment, with a commercial goniometer and no electronic device to process the data. The way to plot the pole-figure on-line is by means of measuring the diffractogram and plot manually the stereographic projections. The atainable precision is very low in such a cumbersome process. In this paper we substitute such method by storing the data in a punched tape from a conventional teletype. The data is processed in a computer and the pole-figure is recorded by a plotter attached to the computer. (author)

Purely temporal figure-ground segregation.

Science.gov (United States)

Kandil, F I; Fahle, M

2001-05-01

Visual figure-ground segregation is achieved by exploiting differences in features such as luminance, colour, motion or presentation time between a figure and its surround. Here we determine the shortest delay times required for figure-ground segregation based on purely temporal features. Previous studies usually employed stimulus onset asynchronies between figure- and ground-containing possible artefacts based on apparent motion cues or on luminance differences. Our stimuli systematically avoid these artefacts by constantly showing 20 x 20 'colons' that flip by 90 degrees around their midpoints at constant time intervals. Colons constituting the background flip in-phase whereas those constituting the target flip with a phase delay. We tested the impact of frequency modulation and phase reduction on target detection. Younger subjects performed well above chance even at temporal delays as short as 13 ms, whilst older subjects required up to three times longer delays in some conditions. Figure-ground segregation can rely on purely temporal delays down to around 10 ms even in the absence of luminance and motion artefacts, indicating a temporal precision of cortical information processing almost an order of magnitude lower than the one required for some models of feature binding in the visual cortex [e.g. Singer, W. (1999), Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 9, 189-194]. Hence, in our experiment, observers are unable to use temporal stimulus features with the precision required for these models.

More than words: applying the discipline of literary creative writing to the practice of reflective writing in health care education.

Science.gov (United States)

Kerr, Lisa

2010-12-01

This paper examines definitions and uses of reflective and creative writing in health care education classrooms and professional development settings. A review of articles related to writing in health care reveals that when teaching narrative competence is the goal, creative writing may produce the best outcomes. Ultimately, the paper describes the importance of defining literary creative writing as a distinct form of writing and recommends scholars interested in using literary creative writing to teach narrative competence study pedagogy of the field.

What Reader-Oriented Literary and Cognitive Theories Have to Give to Composing Theory.

Science.gov (United States)

Liebman-Kleine, JoAnne

In developing an interactive model of composing, this paper discusses three groups of reader-oriented theories, each of which provides composing theorists with some research and theory to use in developing such a model. First the paper discusses the main principle of the literary reader-response theorists--that the meaning and value of texts do…

Figures of merit for surface plasmon waveguides

Science.gov (United States)

Berini, Pierre

2006-12-01

Three figures of merit are proposed as quality measures for surface plasmon waveguides. They are defined as benefit-to-cost ratios where the benefit is confinement and the cost is attenuation. Three different ways of measuring confinement are considered, leading to three figures of merit. One of the figures of merit is connected to the quality factor. The figures of merit were then used to assess and compare the wavelength response of hree popular 1-D surface plasmon waveguides: the single metal-dielectric interface, the metal slab bounded by dielectric and the dielectric slab bounded by metal. Closed form expressions are given for the figures of merit of the single metal-dielectric interface.

Untitled

African Journals Online (AJOL)

capable of totemic metamorphosis. But Nkosi's book is a novel - a literary genre targeted to the display of the mastery of artistic literary expressions which he does in abundance: rich VOcabulary, syntactical skills, style, witty, dialogue, varied figures of Speech, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, name it all, to ventilate his ...

Reproducibility and convergences in the cyberspace: the diffusion of literary texts in television adaptations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Líliam Cristina Marins Prieto

2014-03-01

Full Text Available In this study, multimodal circulation of literary texts in television adaptations is outlined, emphasizing their implications in the conceptualization and value judgment in the Arts (particularly in Literature. The technological boom in several social segments and new reading practices in the current information revolution age have influenced the circulation of literature in new forms and intersemiotic medias. By congregating theories about cyberculture and media convergence (Negroponte, Lévy and Jenkins and the analysis of specific cases, such as the adaptation of Shakespeare´s The Taming of the Shrew (1593 in O Cravo e a Rosa (2000, a Brazilian telenovela directed by Walcyr Carrasco and Mário Teixeira, a new cultural context emerges. In this new configuration where television and cyberspace are part of the convergence culture, the media and their users interact. This interaction contributes towards the survival of the literary text and the emergence of new reading practices.

Micromégas: Altered Body-Environment Scaling in Literary Fiction.

Science.gov (United States)

Dieguez, Sebastian

2016-01-01

Architectonic embodiment postulates a bidirectional link between bodily awareness and the architectural environment. The standard size and features of the human body, for instance, are thought to influence the structure of interiors and buildings, as well as their perception and appreciation. Whereas architectural practice and theory, the visual arts and more recently the cognitive sciences have explored this relationship of humans with their crafted environments, many fictional literary works have long experimented with alterations of body-environment scaling. This so-called Gulliver theme - popular in the science-fiction genre but also in children's literature and philosophical satire - reveals, as a recurrent thought-experiment, our preoccupation with proportions and our fascination for the infinitely small and large. Here I provide an overview of the altered scaling theme in literature, including classics such as Voltaire's Micromégas, Swift's Gulliver's Travels, Caroll's Alice, and Matheson's The Shrinking man, closely examining issues relevant to architectonic embodiment such as: bodily, perceptual, cognitive, affective, and social changes related to alterations in body size relative to people, objects and architectural environments. I next provide a taxonomy of the Gulliver theme and highlight its main psychological features, and then proceed to review relevant work from cognitive science. Although fictional alterations of body-environment scaling far outreach current possibilities in experimental research, I argue that the peripetiae and morals outlined in the literary realm, as products of the human imagination, provide a unique window into the folk-psychology of body and space.

Using Figure and Concept Knowledge in Geometry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yavuz Karpuz

2014-08-01

Full Text Available In this study, we aim to investigate how students build interaction between concepts and figure in geometry. For this purpose we developed two type data collection tool. First one called shapely is formed eight open ended question which has concepts and figure. Second one called shapeless is formed eight open ended question which has only concepts. To prepare this data collection tools’ difficulty level we took two math teachers’ opinions. Developed data collection tools were applied 120 students at 9th grade and 11th grade in Trabzon Gazi Anatolian High School. First of all we applied shapeless questions. One month later we applied shapely questions. We investigated students’ answer and the data showed that students more succeed in shapely questions than shapeless questions. We concluded that the difficulty of solving shapeless question result from students didn’t manage to draw figure representing concept knowledge or draw wrong figure, figure drawn by students can’t fulfıl generalizability condition and students who have little knowledge of concept in geometry is under the influence of prototype figure.Key Words:    Figural concepts theory, geometrical reasoning, geometry teaching

Figure-ground mechanisms provide structure for selective attention.

Science.gov (United States)

Qiu, Fangtu T; Sugihara, Tadashi; von der Heydt, Rüdiger

2007-11-01

Attention depends on figure-ground organization: figures draw attention, whereas shapes of the ground tend to be ignored. Recent research has revealed mechanisms for figure-ground organization in the visual cortex, but how these mechanisms relate to the attention process remains unclear. Here we show that the influences of figure-ground organization and volitional (top-down) attention converge in single neurons of area V2 in Macaca mulatta. Although we found assignment of border ownership for attended and for ignored figures, attentional modulation was stronger when the attended figure was located on the neuron's preferred side of border ownership. When the border between two overlapping figures was placed in the receptive field, responses depended on the side of attention, and enhancement was generally found on the neuron's preferred side of border ownership. This correlation suggests that the neural network that creates figure-ground organization also provides the interface for the top-down selection process.

Revealing to Translate: The Intertextuality and Strategic Nature of Voices, Presuppositions and Metadiscourse in a Non-Literary Text

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Didem TUNA

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Reading a literary text might be considered to be mostly based on reading the implicit, the inferential, the implicative, and the inarticulate, rather than the explicit, the obvious, or the outspoken. Beyond what is apparent on the surface, the text of a literary work usually has equivoques, metaphors, symbols, enigmas, undertones, implications, inferential components, and different kinds of involvements and complications as well as intertextual aspects and the difference between appearance, perception, and reality. Translating a text requires, above all, comprehending it, and various applications of analysis are employed in this respect. Although a non-literary text is not usually expected to have as many pieces to put together or variables and constituents to bring to light as a literary one, it still needs to be read critically; the characters and the voices in it need to be identified and canvassed. In addition, the degree of responsibility that the writer assumes or avoids in each part of the text needs to be detected. Analysis becomes particularly significant when translation is in question because to be able to fully reflect the source text’s particularities in the translated text, the translator needs to discover its singularity and specifications with its strategic and purposeful elements. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy by H. Douglas Brown is a textbook written for “prospective and new teachers who need to learn how to walk into a classroom and effectively accomplish communicative objectives” (Brown, 2000: xi-xii. Throughout the book’s section entitled Cheating in the chapter concerning classroom management, the existence of the implicit in a non-literary texts is pinpointed using the concepts of presupposition and metadiscourse as discussed by Norman Fairclough within the framework of intertextuality. In addition, characters and voices in the text are examined. The instances of the

Revealing to Translate: The Intertextuality and Strategic Nature of Voices, Presuppositions and Metadiscourse in a Non-Literary Text

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Didem TUNA

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Reading a literary text might be considered to be mostly based on reading the implicit, the inferential, the implicative, and the inarticulate, rather than the explicit, the obvious, or the outspoken. Beyond what is apparent on the surface, the text of a literary work usually has equivoques, metaphors, symbols, enigmas, undertones, implications, inferential components, and different kinds of involvements and complications as well as intertextual aspects and the difference between appearance, perception, and reality. Translating a text requires, above all, comprehending it, and various applications of analysis are employed in this respect. Although a non-literary text is not usually expected to have as many pieces to put together or variables and constituents to bring to light as a literary one, it still needs to be read critically; the characters and the voices in it need to be identified and canvassed. In addition, the degree of responsibility that the writer assumes or avoids in each part of the text needs to be detected. Analysis becomes particularly significant when translation is in question because to be able to fully reflect the source text’s particularities in the translated text, the translator needs to discover its singularity and specifications with its strategic and purposeful elements. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy by H. Douglas Brown is a textbook written for “prospective and new teachers who need to learn how to walk into a classroom and effectively accomplish communicative objectives” (Brown, 2000: xi-xii. Throughout the book’s section entitled Cheating in the chapter concerning classroom management, the existence of the implicit in a non-literary texts is pinpointed using the concepts of presupposition and metadiscourse as discussed by Norman Fairclough within the framework of intertextuality. In addition, characters and voices in the text are examined. The instances of the

PRACTICE OF USING DIFFERENT WAYS OF ANALYSIS OF A FICTION WORK AT LITERARY READING LESSONS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valeriy Syrotenko

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Analysis of a fiction work at school, in particular in primary school, is based on the methodological studies of the literary analysis, that envisages application of various ways of analysis of a literary text used for the adequate appreciation of its semantic and expressive features. This article is devoted exactly to this range of problems. Literary reading lessons in 2-4th forms set a task of forming schoolchildren’s literary competence, the integral part of which is their ability to analyse various fiction works. We mean here a number of theoretic and methodological researches, nevertheless ways of analysis of the fiction text and methodology of its realization in primary school are not examined essentially. Therefore, we offer the following ways of analysis: character drawing, problem and thematic approach and holistic approach that are used taking into account the form (character drawing approach is the simplest one and it is suitable for the 2nd year pupils, while holistic one can be appropriate for the 4th year pupils and genre of work. A verse by P. Voronko “In the field there is a green house” (the 2nd form is studied with the help of character drawing because the story of the verse (a little bear misbehaves because he does not want to sleep, and his mother sings him a lullaby is close to a 7-8-year-old child by its semantic genre; moreover, there are a few characters in the verse, and they require an additional discussion. Therefore, for creating the proper emotional atmosphere in the class one should consider the following methodical forms of work: heuristic conversation, connecting the little bear’s dominant traits of the character, his mother, and grandfather Sleep, that will help children understand the main traits of every character, their role in work, and also the originality of the verse genre. The work ends with a questionnaire children are suggested working in pairs to analyse the behavior of a child in various

The Debate over Literary Tamil versus Standard Spoken Tamil: What Do Teachers Say?

Science.gov (United States)

Saravanan, Vanithamani; Lakshmi, Seetha; Caleon, Imelda S.

2009-01-01

This study aims to determine the attitudes toward Standard Spoken Tamil (SST) and Literary Tamil (LT) of 46 Tamil teachers in Singapore. The teachers' attitudes were used as an indicator of the acceptance or nonacceptance of SST as a viable option in the teaching of Tamil in the classroom, in which the focus has been largely on LT. The…

Irony as a figure of speech and moral stance (with regard to Wittlin and Kierkegaard

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katarzyna Szewczyk-Haake

2015-12-01

Full Text Available In his work as a writer, Józef Wittlin searched for literature able to grant the   reader moral support, while at the same time being artistically successful. In his novel Salt of the Earth, the way to com-bine these two, to a certain extent contradictionary aims, is found in the use of irony. An analysis of the classical types of irony appearing in the novel (naive irony, irony of the sender, verbal irony leads to the conclusion that each of those was remarkably modified by the author. As a result, the “ironical anthropology” created by Wittlin in his novel lacks any elements of simple moralizing or giving ready-made moral solutions, but brings a striking image of a human commu-nity, unified not by a common status, but by a common fate. In the novel, irony turns out to be not only a textual figure, but first and foremost a moral stance, approximate to that of Socrates as described by Kierkegaard. Thanks to this stance, Wittlin enthuses his readers with the longing for the ideal, shaping their moral sensibility, at the same time granting them the sovereignty to which the reader of a literary work should be entitled.

Unelõiv ja Saarepiiga: Jüri Talveti kirjanduslik "Kalevipoeg" / The Rhisomes of „Kalevipoeg“: Literary Interpretation of the Estonian National Epic by Jüri Talvet

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marin Laak

2016-12-01

one of the most remarkable representatives of the genre of literary epic in world literature. Literary scholarship of the text and poetics of the epic has demonstrated how the text is constructed by gradational internal intertextual relations, based on certain textual nodal points such as, e.g., ’island maid’, ’stone’, ’sleep’, etc. For example, the figure of Island Maid is intertextually related to many earlier archetexts and fundamental texts and has, in its turn, inspired other fictional texts. The author intentionally allowed for ambiguous interpretation of the death of a young girl – the girl slipped into water, but was it an accident or a suicide? The Estonian heroic epic differs from other literary epics by a gradational motif of ’sleep’, occurring through the text; by using this motif, the author develops the heroic epic into a tragedy of fate. The hero is informed about his fatal guilt in sleep long before it occurred in real life. Jüri Talvet has discovered such rhizomes of relations in the text of The Kalevipoeg due to his studies of world literature, but he has also written about them in his poetry.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN ORGANIZATION OF EXTRACURRICULAR WORK WITH GIFTED STUDENTS IN THE SYSTEM OF THE LITERARY EDUCATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ольга Петрович

2014-10-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the issue of features of the use of information and communication technology in organizing extra-curricular activities with the literary gifted students. Main attention is drawn on the effective forms and methods of information and communication technology for the successful conduction of extracurricular activities with gifted high school students in literary education system, in particular such as: web quests, QR-codes, QR-quests, Google Groups, multimedia presentations, blogging, virtual tours, use of interactive whiteboards, educational forums, databases educational resources, virtual libraries, creating the electronic portfolio, media library of educational material, comics, doodles, clouds of words etc.

Evolving Lattices for Analyzing Behavioral Dynamics of Characters in Literary Text

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eugene S Kitamura

2011-10-01

Full Text Available This paper is about an application of rough set derived lattices in order to analyze the dynamics of literary text. Due to the double approximation nature of rough set theory, a pseudo-closure obtained from two different equivalence relations allows us to form arbitrary lattices. Moreover, such double approximations with different equivalence relations permit us to obtain lattice fixed points based on two interpretations. The two interpretations used for literary text analysis are subjects and their attributes. The attributes chosen for this application are verbs. The progression of a story is defined by the sequence of verbs (or event occurrences. By fixing a window size and sliding the window down the story steps, we obtain a lattice representing the relationship between subjects and their attributes within that window frame. The resulting lattice provides information such as complementarity (lattice complement existence rate and distributivity (lattice complement possession rate. These measurements depend on the overlap and the lack of overlap among the attributes of characters. As the story develops and new character and attributes are provided as the source of lattices, one can observe its evolution. In fact, a dramatic change in the behavior dynamics in a scene is reflected in the particular shifts in the character-attribute relationship. This method lets us quantify the developments of character behavioral dynamics in a story.

The Necessity of the Literary Tradition: Gabriel Garcia Marquez's "One-Hundred Years of Solitude."

Science.gov (United States)

Jupp, James C.

2000-01-01

Argues that literature from other countries, taught as multicultural literature, must be taught in the context of its own literary tradition in order to provide high-quality academic instruction. Offers an example with Gabriel Garcia Marquez's "One-Hundred Years of Solitude" to show how teaching multicultural literature can live up to…

The Effect of Reading a Short Passage of Literary Fiction on Theory of Mind: A Replication of Kidd and Castano (2013

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iris van Kuijk

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The results reported by Kidd and Castano (2013 indicated that reading a short passage of literary fiction improves theory of mind (ToM relative to reading popular fiction. However, when we entered Kidd and Castano’s results in a 'p'-curve analysis, it turned out that the evidential value of their findings is low. It is good practice to back up a p-curve analysis of a single paper with an adequately powered direct replication of at least one of the studies in the 'p'-curve analysis. Therefore, we conducted a direct replication of the literary fiction condition and the popular fiction condition from Kidd and Castano’s Experiment 5 to scrutinize the effect of reading literary fiction on ToM. The results of this replication were largely consistent with Kidd and Castano’s original findings. Furthermore, we conducted a small-scale meta-analysis on the findings of the present study, those of Kidd and Castano and those reported in other published direct replications. The meta-analytic effect of reading literary fiction on ToM was small and non-significant but there was considerable heterogeneity between the included studies. The results of the present study and of the small-scale meta-analysis are discussed in the light of reading-times exclusion criteria as well as reliability and validity of ToM measures.

Review Essay: The Socio-Analysis of Literary Texts as a Method of Qualitative Social Research, or: What Is the Reality in Fiction?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maja Suderland

2013-11-01

Full Text Available With his 1,200+ page study of Robert Musil's novel "The Man Without Qualities," Norbert Christian Wolf has produced a book which many may assume is "unreadable" on account of its enormous size alone. As a work of literary studies, it certainly runs the risk of being largely ignored by the social sciences. From a methodological perspective, however, there are good reasons to engage with this book: Not only does it contain a concise theoretical substantiation and methodological description of the socio-analysis of literary texts according to Pierre Bourdieu, it also demonstrates this method in detail on the corpus of the fictional characters in Musil's novel. In terms of literary studies, Wolf's book can therefore be viewed as a kind of encyclopedia for Musil's work; sociologically, it represents a nuanced socio-analysis of the "history of the calamities of the 20th century." Before looking at the methodological and methodical aspects of Wolf's study, this review essay presents some introductory thoughts on the use of literary works in the social sciences as well as a few cursory references to selected works which introduce or make use of this method themselves. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1401205

Michigan transportation facts & figures : public transportation

Science.gov (United States)

2002-08-16

This on-line document is part of a series, Transportation Facts & Figures, by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT). The Public Transit section of Transportation Facts & Figures cover such topics as intercity bus service, intercity rail se...

Figural properties are prioritized for search under conditions of uncertainty: Setting boundary conditions on claims that figures automatically attract attention.

Science.gov (United States)

Peterson, Mary A; Mojica, Andrew J; Salvagio, Elizabeth; Kimchi, Ruth

2017-01-01

Nelson and Palmer (2007) concluded that figures/figural properties automatically attract attention, after they found that participants were faster to detect/discriminate targets appearing where a portion of a familiar object was suggested in an otherwise ambiguous display. We investigated whether these effects are truly automatic and whether they generalize to another figural property-convexity. We found that Nelson and Palmer's results do generalize to convexity, but only when participants are uncertain regarding when and where the target will appear. Dependence on uncertainty regarding target location/timing was also observed for familiarity. Thus, although we could replicate and extend Nelson and Palmer's results, our experiments showed that figures do not automatically draw attention. In addition, our research went beyond Nelson and Palmer's, in that we were able to separate figural properties from perceived figures. Because figural properties are regularities that predict where objects lie in the visual field, our results join other evidence that regularities in the environment can attract attention. More generally, our results are consistent with Bayesian theories in which priors are given more weight under conditions of uncertainty.

Figure_2_data

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — Data for Figure 2. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Sarwar, G., D. Kang, K. Foley, D. Schwede, B. Gantt, and R. Mathur. Technical note:...

Serbian Literary Magazine and avant-garde music

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vasić Aleksandar N.

2005-01-01

Full Text Available One of the most excellent periodicals in the history of Serbian literature Serbian Literary Magazine (1901-1914, 1920-1941, also played an exceptionally important part in the history of Serbian music criticism and essay literature. During the period of 35 years, SLM had released nearly 800 articles about music. Majority of that number belongs to the music criticism, but there are also studies and essays about music ethno musicological treatises, polemics, obituary notices, as well as many ample and diverse notes. SLM was published during the time when Serbian society, culture and art were influenced by strong challenges of Europeanization and modernization. Therefore, one of the most complicated questions that music writers of this magazine were confronted with was the question of avant-garde music evaluation. Relation of critics and essay writers to the avant-garde was ambiguous. On one side, SLM's authors accepted modern art in principle, but, on the other side, they questioned that acceptance when facing even a bit radical music composition. This ambivalence as a whole marked the work of Dr Miloje Milojević, the leading music writer of SLM. It is not the same with other critics and essayists Kosta Manojlović was more tolerant, and Dragutin Čolić and Stanislav Vinaver were true protectors of the most avant-garde aspirations in music. First of all SLM was a literary magazine. In the light of that fact it has to be pointed out that very early, way back in 1912, critics wrote about Arnold Schoenberg, and that until the end of existence of this magazine the readers were regularly informed about all important avant-garde styles and composers of European, Serbian and Yugoslav music. The fact that Schoenberg Stravinsky, Honegger or Josip Slavenski mostly were not accepted by critics and essayists, expresses the basic aesthetic position of this magazine. Namely, SLM remained loyal to the moderate wing of modern music, music that had not rejected

data for figures

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — Figures 1-10 and Table 1. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Chang, S.Y., S. Arunachalam, A. Valencia, B. Naess, V. Isakov , M. Breen , T....

Greatest Happiness Principle in a Complex System: Maximisation versus Driving Force

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katalin Martinás

2012-06-01

Full Text Available From philosophical point of view, micro-founded economic theories depart from the principle of the pursuit of the greatest happiness. From mathematical point of view, micro-founded economic theories depart from the utility maximisation program. Though economists are aware of the serious limitations of the equilibrium analysis, they remain in that framework. We show that the maximisation principle, which implies the equilibrium hypothesis, is responsible for this impasse. We formalise the pursuit of the greatest happiness principle by the help of the driving force postulate: the volumes of activities depend on the expected wealth increase. In that case we can get rid of the equilibrium hypothesis and have new insights into economic theory. For example, in what extent standard economic results depend on the equilibrium hypothesis?

Retorical figures in advertising language

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Radenković-Šošić Bojana

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Promotional activities are very often based on advertising and diverse types of public relations. In order to attract consumers' attention and achieve communication goals set by the corporate strategy, advertisers frequently use rhetorical elements in advertising discourse. The advertisers try to convey a desired message and to communicate with the recipient of the message by using various rhetorical figures. It is argued that understanding the structure and function of rhetorical figures in advertising requires a "text- and reader-aware approach". The use of rhetorical figures in advertising has been overlooked in consumer research. This paper shows that the use of rhetorical elements in the advertising discourse is very frequent, but at the same time it is questioned if the function of the rhetorical figures is just a communication with the target market (which is a base of communication models and if the consequences of linguistic influences are much more serious. The complex nature of advertising language with various rhetorical figures (thropes and schemes do not just stimulate recipients to demonstrate a desirable behavior, but indirectly it constructs a concept of desirable lifestyle and it induces them to identify themselves with the explained model. Moreover, the analyzed corpus included advertising slogans of social responsible companies as well as advertising campaigns with elements of diverse ideologies. In the time of digitization and a rapid information flow, consumer's attention is less dedicated to the advertising messages. Therefore, it should be expected that in the future advertisers will have to adjust linguistic, audio and visual techniques to the unfocused message recipients.

Figuring Out Food Labels (For Kids)

Science.gov (United States)

... First Aid & Safety Doctors & Hospitals Videos Recipes for Kids Kids site Sitio para niños How the Body Works ... English Español Figuring Out Food Labels KidsHealth / For Kids / Figuring Out Food Labels What's in this article? ...

Women Authors with/without Gender Studies: the Gendered Regimes of Authority in Hungarian Literary Criticism Today

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Györgyi Horváth

2011-01-01

Full Text Available While in contemporary Hungarian literature women authors are constantly emerging and make themselves much more visible than ever before, the gender bias underlying literary evaluations seem to remain nearly intact. In her study Györgyi Horváth discusses three aspects of the gendered regimes of authority in order to give deeper insights into how gender bias re-produces within the Hungarian context. First, she focuses on lists of literary prize winners and critical rankings of published works (showing how many women writers are present on such lists in absolute numbers and in what percentages, and how their numbers have changed over time. Secondly, she explores the practice of critique writing itself, by analyzing the book review pages in two literary journals between 2007 and 2009 focusing on cases when the issue of “gender” itself comes up in the rhetoric of critics trying to underpin their aesthetic judgments on a given work. And finally, she examines briefly the attitude of contemporary women writers towards Gender Studies. Horváth concludes that Gender Studies in Hungary has not contributed significantly to increasing the prestige of contemporary women writers, most of whom, in turn, do not want to be involved with Gender Studies or feminism at all. She also points out that at present in Hungary there is a general blindness in understanding how gender/power relations permeate aesthetic judgments.

Micromégas: Altered Body–Environment Scaling in Literary Fiction

Science.gov (United States)

Dieguez, Sebastian

2016-01-01

Architectonic embodiment postulates a bidirectional link between bodily awareness and the architectural environment. The standard size and features of the human body, for instance, are thought to influence the structure of interiors and buildings, as well as their perception and appreciation. Whereas architectural practice and theory, the visual arts and more recently the cognitive sciences have explored this relationship of humans with their crafted environments, many fictional literary works have long experimented with alterations of body–environment scaling. This so-called Gulliver theme – popular in the science-fiction genre but also in children’s literature and philosophical satire – reveals, as a recurrent thought-experiment, our preoccupation with proportions and our fascination for the infinitely small and large. Here I provide an overview of the altered scaling theme in literature, including classics such as Voltaire’s Micromégas, Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels, Caroll’s Alice, and Matheson’s The Shrinking man, closely examining issues relevant to architectonic embodiment such as: bodily, perceptual, cognitive, affective, and social changes related to alterations in body size relative to people, objects and architectural environments. I next provide a taxonomy of the Gulliver theme and highlight its main psychological features, and then proceed to review relevant work from cognitive science. Although fictional alterations of body-environment scaling far outreach current possibilities in experimental research, I argue that the peripetiae and morals outlined in the literary realm, as products of the human imagination, provide a unique window into the folk-psychology of body and space. PMID:27148156

A Comparative Study of the Story Events in Literary and Cinematic Narrative: A Comparison between the Story of Ashghalduni (Dustbin and the Adapted Movie, Dayere-ye Mina (The Cycle

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Z. Hayati

2016-07-01

Full Text Available The present article tries to study the story Ašghālduni (Dustbin by Gholāmhossein Sā’edi and the adapted movie Dāyere-ye Minā (The Cycle by Dāryuš Mehrjuyi with a view to new adaptation theories. Of course, these theories have not yet been consistent and well-established; but its literature is going to evolve, especially its essentials are discussed in the study method of narratology. As an example, this proposition is discussed in theoretical subjects of adaptation that even in the loyal adapted movies, in which the structure of the literary story and the sequence of events in the movie are preserved, some of the semantic functions change because of story entry into the cinematic discourse along with the needs of medium of cinema. For example, the figurative aspect of Sā’edi's story in its adapted movie has been influenced by the scheme and sometimes realism dominates symbolism. Mehrjuyi has organized the events in the discourse of classic cinema in order to encourage the reader to persist the events during a certain time period. The way of timing a movie in terms of a three-screen structure encourages the spectator to follow the events and causes the "scheme" to dominate the "idea". Since the dominance of either scheme or idea creates different themes, it can be said that the very structural change leads somewhat to semantic change. Similarly, the change of Sā’edi's open ending narrative to a close one prevents the audience to participate in re-making the fictional fate of Ali; the sort that exists in a literary text.

Stigma and Discrimination in HIV/AIDS; The greatest Challenge to ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The greatest challenge to the efforts of the various agencies and governments in the care, support and treatment of people living with HIV/AIDS, appears to be stigma and discrimination. Stigma and discrimination has to be addressed through public education, legislation to protect people living with HIV/AIDS and also by ...

Facts and Figures

Science.gov (United States)

... Saves Lives Facts & Figures My Blood, Your Blood Blood Donation Types Did you know there is more than one type of blood donation? Learn more about blood donation types here. Blood Safety and Testing The blood supply ...

The theme revenge in the cinema: a literary philosophical approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fábio José de Queiroz

2016-04-01

Full Text Available In this article, the focus is revenge, taking as a starting point two cinematographic works –Once upon a time in this article is revenge, taking as a starting point two cinematographic works­ once upon a time in West, by Sergio Leone, and also colors: White by Krzysztof Kieslowsk. Without the direct influence of a purely artistic appreciation of both movies, this is about a study of literary­ philosophical lineage by relying on classical seeks to provide an theoretical analyze of the theme, avoiding falling into an empiricist interpretation, trivial and shallow of the object.

Retorical figures in advertising language

OpenAIRE

Radenković-Šošić Bojana

2012-01-01

Promotional activities are very often based on advertising and diverse types of public relations. In order to attract consumers' attention and achieve communication goals set by the corporate strategy, advertisers frequently use rhetorical elements in advertising discourse. The advertisers try to convey a desired message and to communicate with the recipient of the message by using various rhetorical figures. It is argued that understanding the structure and function of rhetorical figur...

Pupils' Knowledge and Spoken Literary Response beyond Polite Meaningless Words: Studying Yeats's "Easter, 1916"

Science.gov (United States)

Gordon, John

2016-01-01

This article presents research exploring the knowledge pupils bring to texts introduced to them for literary study, how they share knowledge through talk, and how it is elicited by the teacher in the course of an English lesson. It sets classroom discussion in a context where new examination requirements diminish the relevance of social, cultural…

Imagination, creation and literary origins: dreaming and waking

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Catherine Farrar

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Quotation, allusion, mediumship and speaking with or through others’ voices is an established ad well-worked aspect of culture, indeed, it seems, across all cultures, an appropriate subject indeed for COMPASIO. So too has the inspiration artists have drawn for their creation from dreams and the voices of a world beyond themselves. This has been relatively well studied in such fields as visual art and music. Less attention, however, despite its clear centrality, has been given to literary creation. This paper, by a cultural anthropologist, uses a personal case study to illustrate how this can work through the interaction between dreams and narrative. The case here, though only singular in its detailed content and process has wider implications for the comparative anthropological and comparative study of culture, individuality, imagination and creativity.

Analytical Study of the Status of Myth in the Creation of Literary and Artistic Works

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sedigheh Sherkat Moghaddam

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The prevalent question raised in literary theories has been the quiddity of literature. However, the question of “what is literature?” is a philosophical issue. On the other hand, the relationship between myth and literature has always been raised by most scholars and many have considered literature a subtype of myths. In this paper, while pointing transiently to the concepts and definitions of myth from the perspective of the great thinkers, with a different view, the role of myth in creation of artistic works is discussed. In this review, the critic attempts to interpret the literary work - or some sources in the text - to its prototype or archetype with its deep structure. With the help of this method, tracing the old or new mythology, distorted or worn, it is understood how they have passed over the whole cultural field and have found their specific formation. Keywords: Literature, Myth, Creation, Imagination, Démythologisation, Remythification, Gilbert Durand

Familiar shapes attract attention in figure-ground displays.

Science.gov (United States)

Nelson, Rolf A; Palmer, Stephen E

2007-04-01

We report five experiments that explore the effect of figure-ground factors on attention. We hypothesized that figural cues, such as familiar shape, would draw attention to the figural side in an attentional cuing task using bipartite figure-ground displays. The first two experiments used faces in profile as the familiar shape and found a perceptual advantage for targets presented on the meaningful side of the central contour in detection speed (Experiment 1) and discrimination accuracy (Experiment 2). The third experiment demonstrated the figural advantage in response time (RT) with nine other familiar shapes (including a sea horse, a guitar, a fir tree, etc.), but only when targets appeared in close proximity to the contour. A fourth experiment obtained a figural advantage in a discrimination task with the larger set of familiar shapes. The final experiment ruled out eye movements as a possible confounding factor by replicating the RT advantage for targets on the figural side of face displays when all trials containing eye movements were eliminated. The results are discussed in terms of ecological influences on attention, and are cast within the framework of Yantis and Jonides's hypothesis that attention is exogenously drawn to the onset of new perceptual objects. We argue that the figural side constitutes an "object" whereas the ground side does not, and that figural cues such as shape familiarity are effective in determining which areas represent objects.

Speech Act Theory and the Concept of Intention in Literary Criticism

OpenAIRE

García Landa, José Angel

2011-01-01

The aim of this paper is to trace the outline of a speech act theory of literature, taking into account the work of critics who react against the prevailing anti-intentionalist schools of criticism, such as the New Criticism, some versions of structuralism, and deconstruction. The intentionalist critics prepare the ground for a theory of literary discourse considered as a speech act, since it is known that the concept of intention is central to the analysis of speech acts. Such a theory of li...

Andalusia in Cervantes’ Novelas Ejemplares: a reflection in Cervantes’ literary space

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Rey Hazas

2009-12-01

Full Text Available The article analyses the interrelationship between life and literature which Cervantes’ Novelas Ejemplares —or to be more precise, some of them— bear as a hallmark of their artistic identity; a hallmark which in turn involves a certain view on Andalusia, and above all, on Seville; particularly, on a Seville which stands for both the object of and the inspiration to a peculiar novelistic view which is key for understanding some of these novels and the spatial literary perception we find in Cervantes’ oeuvre.

From Literary Classics to Twitter: Some Examples of Retelling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Cao

2014-11-01

Full Text Available After having defined the “microliterature” among the digital textual forms and after a brief analysis of its origin, this paper gives an overview of the three main narrative forms risen from Twitter, with particular attention for the widespread phenomenon of retellings. The aim of this study is to examine the two more diffused typologies of serial retelling ‒ the collective and the authorial form ‒ throughout the concept of convergence theorized by Jenkins (2006. Finally, the last example taken into consideration ‒ Twitterature (Penguin 2009, sixty retellings of literary classics reproducing the Twitter texts ‒ testifies the circularity and reciprocity of the osmosis process between literature and new media.

The literary and philosophical conceptions of Laza Kostić

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aleksić Slađana V.

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Laza Kostić, in the early seventies of the XIX century, opposed the utilitarianism of Nikolay Chernyshevsky and Svetozar Markovié, and advocated the idea of aestheticism in poetry and art. In his study about Jovan Jovanović Zmaj, Kostić had discovered two opposing processes in the poet, which he symbolically named the battle between the dragon and the nightingale. Kostić's conception about the origin of poetry is at the intersection of romanticist poetics about creation from divine inspiration, and a philosophical concept of the interference as a basic principle. The paper sheds light on the correspondence among the philosophical and literary views of Laza Kostić and his artistic work.

Figure-ground representation and its decay in primary visual cortex.

Science.gov (United States)

Strother, Lars; Lavell, Cheryl; Vilis, Tutis

2012-04-01

We used fMRI to study figure-ground representation and its decay in primary visual cortex (V1). Human observers viewed a motion-defined figure that gradually became camouflaged by a cluttered background after it stopped moving. V1 showed positive fMRI responses corresponding to the moving figure and negative fMRI responses corresponding to the static background. This positive-negative delineation of V1 "figure" and "background" fMRI responses defined a retinotopically organized figure-ground representation that persisted after the figure stopped moving but eventually decayed. The temporal dynamics of V1 "figure" and "background" fMRI responses differed substantially. Positive "figure" responses continued to increase for several seconds after the figure stopped moving and remained elevated after the figure had disappeared. We propose that the sustained positive V1 "figure" fMRI responses reflected both persistent figure-ground representation and sustained attention to the location of the figure after its disappearance, as did subjects' reports of persistence. The decreasing "background" fMRI responses were relatively shorter-lived and less biased by spatial attention. Our results show that the transition from a vivid figure-ground percept to its disappearance corresponds to the concurrent decay of figure enhancement and background suppression in V1, both of which play a role in form-based perceptual memory.

A dataset of metaphors from the italian literature: exploring psycholinguistic variables and the role of context.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valentina Bambini

Full Text Available Defining the specific role of the factors that affect metaphor processing is a fundamental step for fully understanding figurative language comprehension, either in discourse and conversation or in reading poems and novels. This study extends the currently available materials on everyday metaphorical expressions by providing the first dataset of metaphors extracted from literary texts and scored for the major psycholinguistic variables, considering also the effect of context. A set of 115 Italian literary metaphors presented in isolation (Experiment 1 and a subset of 65 literary metaphors embedded in their original texts (Experiment 2 were rated on several dimensions (word and phrase frequency, readability, cloze probability, familiarity, concreteness, difficulty and meaningfulness. Overall, literary metaphors scored around medium-low values on all dimensions in both experiments. Collected data were subjected to correlation analysis, which showed the presence of a strong cluster of variables-mainly familiarity, difficulty, and meaningfulness-when literary metaphor were presented in isolation. A weaker cluster was observed when literary metaphors were presented in the original contexts, with familiarity no longer correlating with meaningfulness. Context manipulation influenced familiarity, concreteness and difficulty ratings, which were lower in context than out of context, while meaningfulness increased. Throughout the different dimensions, the literary context seems to promote a global interpretative activity that enhances the open-endedness of the metaphor as a semantic structure constantly open to all possible interpretations intended by the author and driven by the text. This dataset will be useful for the design of future experimental studies both on literary metaphor and on the role of context in figurative meaning, combining ecological validity and aesthetic aspects of language.

Checkmate: Linguistic and Literary Play in Salman Rushdie's "Haroun and the Sea of Stories"

Science.gov (United States)

Bongartz, Christiane; Richey, Esther Gilman

2010-01-01

The authors use Noam Chomsky's theories about generative grammar to discuss the notion of linguistic creativity they believe lies at the core of storytelling as Salman Rushdie pictures it in his novel, "Haroun and the Sea of Stories." The production of meaning through the use of narrative helps explain the rules of the literary game,…

Česká literární moderna v časopise Aus fremden Zungen — čtyři příklady prostředkování // Czech literary modernism in the journal Aus fremden Zungen — four examples of mediation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucie Merhautová

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The study focuses on Bronislav Wellek, Adolph Donath, Camill Hoffmann, Oskar Wiener and Otto Hauser and their translations and articles on modern Czech literature published in the German journal Aus fremden Zungen (1891–1910. This fortnightly established by Joseph Kürschner dealt exclusively with foreign literature. Its openness to all kinds of literary currents and little-known minor literatures was unique within the system of German literary journals. A comparison indicates the key role played by mediators. The primary requirement for their activity was multilingualism, and it turns out that in the case of all the figures under consideration, language did not necessarily have the nationally symbolic significance ascribed by politics, and their identity basically did not depend on their use of one language or another. The progress and success of this mediation was not just decided by the literary standard of the translation, but all five translators were concerned to improve the standard of translation, as well as to change the approach to translation in general. The choice of text and its succeeded publication was determined by the involvement of the mediators in the Czech and German literary context. Hence Bronislav Wellek focused primarily on translations and interpretations of poetry by Jaroslav Vrchlický and J. S. Machar, whom he knew personally and who also introduced him to their own literary and intellectual circles. It was thanks to Vrchlický that he printed his translations in Eduard Albert’s anthologies Poesie aus Böhmen (1893–1895. Machar was responsible for other translations, e.g. Hilbert’s drama Vina, which Hermann Bahr was to help promote in the German-language sphere. Between 1896 and 1898, Adolph Donath attempted to build up his position as mediator between the Moderní revue circle and some representatives of Viennese modernism (e.g. Karl Kraus, Peter Altenberg and Felix Rappaport. For Aus fremden Zungen he

Émotions littéraires médiévales : une approche émotionologique / Medieval Literary Emotions: an Emotionological Approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Brînduşa Grigoriu

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Medieval Literary Emotions: an Emotionological Approach. Literary emotions can be an interesting field of research for historians and hermeneutists. Our study focuses on the possibility of investigating the most ancient text of French literature, La Cantilène de sainte Eulalie, with the instruments provided by the new paradigm of emotionology, which aims at exploring « the attitudes or standards that a society, or a definable group within a society, maintains toward basic emotions and their appropriate expression », as Peter N. and Carol Z. Stearns put it in their ambitious study of 1985. Although this epistemological branch is well represented in the English-speaking world, the approach has been but rarely practiced in the literary critique of French works. What we attempt to do in this paper is to test the explicative and descriptive power of such conceptual tools as “emotional styles”, “feeling rules”, “emotives” and “emotional communities” in the reading and interpretation of the narrative data provided by the 29 lines of the paraliturgical poem in Old French. The characters in the story can be relatively well individualized, like Eulalia and Maximian, or collectively relevant, like the pagan community that strives to convert the young virgin to idolatry. The most fascinating puzzle, in terms of emotionology, is provided by the God character, whose behavior is far from being simple or even cohesive : at first a witness to the scene of torture, He seems to get (emotionally? involved in a rescue mission, in order to keep Eulalia safe from the fire; this pyretic immunity is a strong emotive act, meant to enrage the king, who then decides to use the sword against her. At this point, this first French literary God (so to say seems to be “moved” by the prayer of his Christian servant, whom He allows to die beheaded. Of course, Eulalia’s soul sets an example of happy blessed ending, and rises to the sky in the shape of a

Figure-ground mechanisms provide structure for selective attention

OpenAIRE

Qiu, Fangtu T.; Sugihara, Tadashi; von der Heydt, Rüdiger

2007-01-01

Attention depends on figure-ground organization: figures draw attention, while shapes of the ground tend to be ignored. Recent research has demonstrated mechanisms of figure-ground organization in the visual cortex, but how they relate to the attention process remains unclear. Here we show that the influences of figure-ground organization and volitional (top-down) attention converge in single neurons of area V2. While assignment of border ownership was found for attended as well as for ignore...

Literary representations of death, dying and bereavement in children´s literature

OpenAIRE

Schroth, Klara Charlotte

2017-01-01

Death, dying and bereavement are universal human concerns and yet never fully compre-hensible or knowable. In order to find an approach to the topic, this paper examines and analyses literary representations of death, dying and bereavement in Anglophone literature for children. Scholars such as Kathryn James or Roberta Seelinger Trites have argued for a shift from objective and realistic representations in pre-1980 children’s novels towards an increasing use of narrative devices and fantastic...

The precision segmented reflectors: Moderate mission figure control subsystem

Science.gov (United States)

Sevaston, G.; Redding, D.; Lau, K.; Breckenridge, W.; Levine, B.; Nerheim, N.; Sirlin, S.; Kadogawa, H.

1991-01-01

A system concept for a space based segmented reflector telescope figure control subsystem is described. The concept employs a two phase architecture in which figure initialization and figure maintenance are independent functions. Figure initialization is accomplished by image sharpening using natural reference targets. Figure maintenance is performed by monitoring the relative positions and alignments of the telescope components using an optical truss. Actuation is achieved using precision positioners. Computer simulation results of figure initialization by pairwise segment coalignment/cophasing and simulated annealing are presented along with figure maintenance results using a wavefront error regulation algorithm. Both functions are shown to perform at acceptable levels for the class of submillimeter telescopes that are serving as the focus of this technology development effort. Component breadboard work as well as plans for a system testbed are discussed.

EEG signatures accompanying auditory figure-ground segregation.

Science.gov (United States)

Tóth, Brigitta; Kocsis, Zsuzsanna; Háden, Gábor P; Szerafin, Ágnes; Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara G; Winkler, István

2016-11-01

In everyday acoustic scenes, figure-ground segregation typically requires one to group together sound elements over both time and frequency. Electroencephalogram was recorded while listeners detected repeating tonal complexes composed of a random set of pure tones within stimuli consisting of randomly varying tonal elements. The repeating pattern was perceived as a figure over the randomly changing background. It was found that detection performance improved both as the number of pure tones making up each repeated complex (figure coherence) increased, and as the number of repeated complexes (duration) increased - i.e., detection was easier when either the spectral or temporal structure of the figure was enhanced. Figure detection was accompanied by the elicitation of the object related negativity (ORN) and the P400 event-related potentials (ERPs), which have been previously shown to be evoked by the presence of two concurrent sounds. Both ERP components had generators within and outside of auditory cortex. The amplitudes of the ORN and the P400 increased with both figure coherence and figure duration. However, only the P400 amplitude correlated with detection performance. These results suggest that 1) the ORN and P400 reflect processes involved in detecting the emergence of a new auditory object in the presence of other concurrent auditory objects; 2) the ORN corresponds to the likelihood of the presence of two or more concurrent sound objects, whereas the P400 reflects the perceptual recognition of the presence of multiple auditory objects and/or preparation for reporting the detection of a target object. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc.

EEG signatures accompanying auditory figure-ground segregation

Science.gov (United States)

Tóth, Brigitta; Kocsis, Zsuzsanna; Háden, Gábor P.; Szerafin, Ágnes; Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara; Winkler, István

2017-01-01

In everyday acoustic scenes, figure-ground segregation typically requires one to group together sound elements over both time and frequency. Electroencephalogram was recorded while listeners detected repeating tonal complexes composed of a random set of pure tones within stimuli consisting of randomly varying tonal elements. The repeating pattern was perceived as a figure over the randomly changing background. It was found that detection performance improved both as the number of pure tones making up each repeated complex (figure coherence) increased, and as the number of repeated complexes (duration) increased – i.e., detection was easier when either the spectral or temporal structure of the figure was enhanced. Figure detection was accompanied by the elicitation of the object related negativity (ORN) and the P400 event-related potentials (ERPs), which have been previously shown to be evoked by the presence of two concurrent sounds. Both ERP components had generators within and outside of auditory cortex. The amplitudes of the ORN and the P400 increased with both figure coherence and figure duration. However, only the P400 amplitude correlated with detection performance. These results suggest that 1) the ORN and P400 reflect processes involved in detecting the emergence of a new auditory object in the presence of other concurrent auditory objects; 2) the ORN corresponds to the likelihood of the presence of two or more concurrent sound objects, whereas the P400 reflects the perceptual recognition of the presence of multiple auditory objects and/or preparation for reporting the detection of a target object. PMID:27421185

Human Figure Drawings: Abusing the Abused.

Science.gov (United States)

Bardos, Achilles N.

1993-01-01

Responds to previous article (Motta, Little, and Tobin, this issue) which reviewed data-based studies on figure drawings and found little support for their validity or use in assessing personality, behavior, emotion, or intellectual functioning. Notes recent approaches to interpretation of human figure drawings and cites flaws in argument against…

M.Yu. Lermontov’s linguistic/literary personality through perspective of linguistic personality perception by philologist V.V. Vinogrado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Larisa N. Kuznetsova

2011-04-01

Full Text Available The article considers M.Yu. Lermontov’s linguistic / literary personality through perspective of linguistic personality perception by Great Russian scientist-philologist and linguist, Academician V.V. Vinogradov.

Gay Talese: Reportero extraordinario para hombres ordinarios. Jangwa Pana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sonia Amparo Guerrero-Cabrera

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Given the great importance of literary journalism has been gaining in the West, this work performs a scan of the main circumstances which allowed the emergence of it; then it resorts to one of the greatest representatives of this field to state its essential characteristics. Based on the book Portraits and meetings (2003 of Gay Talese, the key components of literary journalism are exemplified.

Excerpt from Dead Stars: American and Philippine Literary Perspectives on the American Colonization of the Philippines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jennifer M. McMahon

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Dead Stars: American and Philippine Literary Perspectives on the American Colonization of the Philippines examines the American colonization of the Philippines from three distinct but related literary perspectives. The first is the reaction of anti-imperialist American writers Mark Twain, W. E. B. Du Bois, and William James to America’s first foray into the role of colonizer and how their varied essays, letters, and speeches provide an incisive delineation of fundamental conflicts in American identity at the turn of the twentieth century. The book then analyzes how these same conflicts surface in the colonial regime’s use of American literature as a tool to inculcate American values in the colonial educational system. Finally, Dead Stars considers the way three early and important Filipino writers—Paz Marquez Benitez, Maximo Kalaw, and Juan C. Laya—interpret and represent these same tensions in their fiction.

New Admissions to the K.G. Paustovsky Moscow Literary Museum-Center

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Angelica I. Dormidontova

2018-03-01

Full Text Available This is an overview of а new collection received by the K.G. Paustovsky Moscow Literary Museum-Center in 2017, the year of the 125th anniversary of his birth. The collection consists of 366 items. Among them are manuscripts, biographical documents, letters, books with autographs, photographs, posters, booklets, and drawings. These items are of considerable interest for the study of the writer’s methods, his biography as well as for understanding the circle of his contacts. The overview incorporates a number of authentic documents.

Deficit in figure-ground segmentation following closed head injury.

Science.gov (United States)

Baylis, G C; Baylis, L L

1997-08-01

Patient CB showed a severe impairment in figure-ground segmentation following a closed head injury. Unlike normal subjects, CB was unable to parse smaller and brighter parts of stimuli as figure. Moreover, she did not show the normal effect that symmetrical regions are seen as figure, although she was able to make overt judgments of symmetry. Since she was able to attend normally to isolated objects, CB demonstrates a dissociation between figure ground segmentation and subsequent processes of attention. Despite her severe impairment in figure-ground segmentation, CB showed normal 'parallel' single feature visual search. This suggests that figure-ground segmentation is dissociable from 'preattentive' processes such as visual search.

Key figures for the regional- and distribution grid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vikingstad, S.

1996-02-01

In Norway, improving the efficiency of the hydroelectric grid operation is a stated goal of the Energy Act. Several studies have identified potential profits of such improvement. This publication focuses on costs and improvement potentials. Publication of key figures may stimulate grid owners, boards and administrations to improve the operating efficiency of their grids. The publication shows key figures for the regional- and distribution grid and is based on accounting data for 1994. The key figures are divided into: (1) Cost structure: The key figures express the relative contributions of each cost component to the total income of the grid, (2) Costs and physical quantities: The key figures show the cost of delivering the transport services, (3) Physical quantities: The key figures describe the working conditions of the energy utility. It appears that the cost structure of the sector varies considerably. The same is true of the cost related to the delivery of grid services. 30 figs., 6 tabs

Figures in clinical trial reports: current practice & scope for improvement.

Science.gov (United States)

Pocock, Stuart J; Travison, Thomas G; Wruck, Lisa M

2007-11-19

Most clinical trial publications include figures, but there is little guidance on what results should be displayed as figures and how. To evaluate the current use of figures in Trial reports, and to make constructive suggestions for future practice. We surveyed all 77 reports of randomised controlled trials in five general medical journals during November 2006 to January 2007. The numbers and types of figures were determined, and then each Figure was assessed for its style, content, clarity and suitability. As a consequence, guidelines are developed for presenting figures, both in general and for each specific common type of Figure. Most trial reports contained one to three figures, mean 2.3 per article. The four main types were flow diagram, Kaplan Meier plot, Forest plot (for subgroup analyses) and repeated measures over time: these accounted for 92% of all figures published. For each type of figure there is a considerable diversity of practice in both style and content which we illustrate with selected examples of both good and bad practice. Some pointers on what to do, and what to avoid, are derived from our critical evaluation of these articles' use of figures. There is considerable scope for authors to improve their use of figures in clinical trial reports, as regards which figures to choose, their style of presentation and labelling, and their specific content. Particular improvements are needed for the four main types of figures commonly used.

Figures in clinical trial reports: current practice & scope for improvement

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Travison Thomas G

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Most clinical trial publications include figures, but there is little guidance on what results should be displayed as figures and how. Purpose To evaluate the current use of figures in Trial reports, and to make constructive suggestions for future practice. Methods We surveyed all 77 reports of randomised controlled trials in five general medical journals during November 2006 to January 2007. The numbers and types of figures were determined, and then each Figure was assessed for its style, content, clarity and suitability. As a consequence, guidelines are developed for presenting figures, both in general and for each specific common type of Figure. Results Most trial reports contained one to three figures, mean 2.3 per article. The four main types were flow diagram, Kaplan Meier plot, Forest plot (for subgroup analyses and repeated measures over time: these accounted for 92% of all figures published. For each type of figure there is a considerable diversity of practice in both style and content which we illustrate with selected examples of both good and bad practice. Some pointers on what to do, and what to avoid, are derived from our critical evaluation of these articles' use of figures. Conclusion There is considerable scope for authors to improve their use of figures in clinical trial reports, as regards which figures to choose, their style of presentation and labelling, and their specific content. Particular improvements are needed for the four main types of figures commonly used.

Epistemological-motivational bases of literary non-fiction genre as factors determining the linguistic structure of text

OpenAIRE

GALSTYAN ASHOT

2016-01-01

This article dwells on epistemological-motivational aspects of the literary non-fiction genre. The general features of memoir literature are examined form the point of view of their epistemological and cognitive aspects. The cognitive and informational specificities of non-fictional narratives are also considered.

"Blessed": Musical Talent, Smartness, & Figured Identities

Science.gov (United States)

Hoffman, Adria R.

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study is to explore smartness and talent as social constructs. Drawing on Holland et al.'s (1998) figured identities, this article explores the figuring of abilities by elucidating the voices of African American high school chorus students. Critical Race Theory (CRT) helps to unpack normalized language and practices that…

Attention and competition in figure-ground perception.

Science.gov (United States)

Peterson, Mary A; Salvagio, Elizabeth

2009-01-01

What are the roles of attention and competition in determining where objects lie in the visual field, a phenomenon known as figure-ground perception? In this chapter, we review evidence that attention and other high-level factors such as familiarity affect figure-ground perception, and we discuss models that implement these effects. Next, we consider the Biased Competition Model of Attention in which attention is used to resolve the competition for neural representation between two nearby stimuli; in this model the response to the stimulus that loses the competition is suppressed. In the remainder of the chapter we discuss recent behavioral evidence that figure-ground perception entails between-object competition in which the response to the shape of the losing competitor is suppressed. We also describe two experiments testing whether more attention is drawn to resolve greater figure-ground competition, as would be expected if the Biased Competition Model of Attention extends to figure-ground perception. In these experiments we find that responses to targets on the location of a losing strong competitor are slowed, consistent with the idea that the location of the losing competitor is suppressed, but responses to targets on the winning competitor are not speeded, which is inconsistent with the hypothesis that attention is used to resolve figure-ground competition. In closing, we discuss evidence that attention can operate by suppression as well as by facilitation.

En torno a Abén Humeya: Aproximaciones literarias (Literary Approaches to Aben Humeya

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Ignacio Barrio Olano

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract: The article covers several literary works which deal with the historical figure of Aben Humeya, the leader of a thwarted Moorish revolt against Philip II of Spain in the XVI century. Aben Humeya in literature embraces both political symbolism and aesthetic pageantry. On the one hand, for the Romantic liberals of the 19th century he serves as an antecedent of the struggle against a repressive government, both in the peninsula and in the colonies (Martínez de la Rosa; Fernández y González. On the other hand, he accommodates well the inclination of Romantics and Modernists to Orientalism (Villaespesa. The rise of the historical novel in the past few decades also found in Aben Humeya a valuable fount to revive the Moorish chronicles (Acosta Montoro, Asenjo Sedano, Salvador, Villena, Falcones.Resumen: El artículo estudia varias obras literarias relacionadas con la figura histórica de Abén Humeya, el líder de una frustrada revuelta morisca contra Felipe II en el siglo XVI. Por un lado, los intelectuales liberales del siglo XIX encontraron en Abén Humeya un antecedente de la lucha contra un gobierno represivo, tanto en la península como en las colonias (Martínez de la Rosa; Fernández y González. Por otro lado, Abén Humeya se acomoda bien al gusto de románticos y modernistas por el Orientalismo (Villaespesa. El repunte de la novela histórica en las últimas décadas encontró también en Abén Humeya un rico filón para reelaborar las crónicas de los moriscos (Acosta Montoro, Asenjo Sedano, Salvador, Villena, Falcones.

Semantic Markup for Literary Scholars: How Descriptive Markup Affects the Study and Teaching of Literature.

Science.gov (United States)

Campbell, D. Grant

2002-01-01

Describes a qualitative study which investigated the attitudes of literary scholars towards the features of semantic markup for primary texts in XML format. Suggests that layout is a vital part of the reading process which implies that the standardization of DTDs (Document Type Definitions) should extend to styling as well. (Author/LRW)

Readings on the Tragedies of William Shakespeare. The Greenhaven Press Literary Companion to British Authors.

Science.gov (United States)

Swisher, Clarice, Ed.

Designed for young adults, this book on William Shakespeare's tragedies is one of an anthology series providing accessible resources for students researching great literary lives and works. Contributing writers' essays in the book are taken from a wide variety of sources and are edited to accommodate the reading and comprehension levels of young…

Writing from other margins. Difference, exception, and translation in the portuguese-speaking world: counterpoints between literary representations and critical paradigms

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elena Brugioni

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Translation as a conceptual framework for the study of the so-called Postcolonial Literatures represents a complex critical paradigm that opens up a number of theoretical paths with which to read and place literary representations within a global perspective. Regarding what can be defined as African Europhone Literatures (Zabus, 2007, the concept of translation offers the possibility of problematizing several critical issues, particularly those relating to questions of “cultural difference” (Bhabha, 1994 and, thus, the textual “embodiment of the other” (Ahmed, 2000. In this respect, translation becomes an operational concept not only for a textual hermeneutic, but also for a wider epistemological reflection, allowing for a discussion of paradigms that characterize the critical reception of the African novel, and therefore the very field of African literary criticism. Through the exploration of authors and texts from the so-called Lusophone African Literatures, this article aims to draw a critical journey that highlights the theoretical possibilities that the concept of translation can offer, in order to address literary representations as crucial “epistemological experiences” (García Canclini, 2012, 50 with which to read and understand changes, challenges and transformations of our time.

Music in Serbian literary magazine and Yugoslav ideology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vasić Aleksandar N.

2004-01-01

Full Text Available It is worth noting that the important journal of the history of Serbian literature and music, the Serbian Literary Magazine (1901 - 1914, 1920 1941, became more Yugoslav-oriented within a relatively short period following its inception. From its early beginning to 1906, the Magazine’s musical critics did not actively express its Yugoslav ideology. But from 1907 there was an increase of interest in both the music and the musicians from Croatia and Slovenia. In 1911 the Croatian Opera spent almost two weeks in Belgrade performing; the composer and musicologist, Miloje Milojević began to develop the idea of union with Slavs from the South in a critical analysis he rendered of their performance. Until the end of the first/old series, SLM highlighted a noticeable number of texts about Croatians and Slovenians: critical reviews of Croatian musical books, concerts of Slovenian artists in Belgrade, score editions of Slovenian music performances of instrument soloists from Zagreb in Belgrade - as well as notes about the musical work of Croatian Academy (Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb. Echoes of rare tours of Serbian musicians in South Slavs cultural centers did not go unheard, either. In the older series of the journal, lasting and two-fold relations had already begun to lean towards Yugoslav ideology. From one side, even before World War I, Yugoslav ideology in the Magazine was accepted as a program objective of Serbian political and cultural elite. On the other, the journal does not appear to have negotiated any of its aesthetic criterion when estimating musical events that came from Zagreb and Ljubljana to Belgrade - at least not "in the name of Yugoslav ideology". In later series of SLM, the Yugoslav platform was being represented as official ideological statehood of newly created Kingdoms of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians (1918, i.e., the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929. At that time, the Magazine had occasional literary cooperation from

Was ocean acidification responsible for history's greatest extinction?

Science.gov (United States)

Schultz, Colin

2011-11-01

Two hundred fifty million years ago, the world suffered the greatest recorded extinction of all time. More than 90% of marine animals and a majority of terrestrial species disappeared, yet the cause of the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) dieoff remains unknown. Various theories abound, with most focusing on rampant Siberian volcanism and its potential consequences: global warming, carbon dioxide poisoning, ocean acidification, or the severe drawdown of oceanic dissolved oxygen levels, also known as anoxia. To narrow the range of possible causes, Montenegro et al. ran climate simulations for PTB using the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model, a carbon cycle-climate coupled general circulation model.

Coping and acceptance: the greatest challenge for veterans with intestinal stomas.

Science.gov (United States)

Krouse, Robert S; Grant, Marcia; Rawl, Susan M; Mohler, M Jane; Baldwin, Carol M; Coons, Stephen Joel; McCorkle, Ruth; Schmidt, C Max; Ko, Clifford Y

2009-03-01

Intestinal stomas (ostomies) create challenges for veterans. The goal of this qualitative analysis was to understand better patients' perspectives regarding their greatest challenge. Ostomates at three Veterans Affairs locations were surveyed using the modified City of Hope Quality of Life-Ostomy questionnaire that contained an open-ended request for respondents to describe their greatest challenge. The response rate was 51% (239 of 467); 68% (163 of 239) completed the open-ended item. Content analysis was performed by an experienced qualitative research team. Coping and acceptance were the most commonly addressed themes. The most frequently expressed issues and advice were related to a need for positive thinking and insight regarding adjustment over time. Coping strategies included the use of humor, recognition of positive changes resulting from the stoma, and normalization of life with an ostomy. Coping and acceptance are common themes described by veterans with an intestinal stoma. Health-care providers can assist veterans by utilizing ostomate self-management strategies, experience, and advice.

Estudio crítico sobre Roberto Bolaño: literatura, identificaciones imaginarias y registros modélicos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. Valeria Bril

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The article analyzes the figure of writer Roberto Bolaño (1953-2003, from his emergence in literary circles, depending on what the discourse of critical lists and addresses at different times as to the evolution of the author and his work. What we are proposing is to find out what happens with the case "Bolaño", the contemplation of caring if the particular situation of a paradigmatic figure who built a remarkable subjectivity evoked in his work as an essential link to the affirmation of the individual who writes, who is subtracted from the traditional literary aesthetic ideals that work for other contemporary Latin American authors.

Analytical Study of the Status of Myth in the Creation of Literary and Artistic Works

Science.gov (United States)

Moghaddam, Sedigheh Sherkat; Abai, Andia

2016-01-01

The prevalent question raised in literary theories has been the quiddity of literature. However, the question of "what is literature?" is a philosophical issue. On the other hand, the relationship between myth and literature has always been raised by most scholars and many have considered literature a subtype of myths. In this paper,…

The greatest hydroelectric power plant in the world. Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andonov - Chento, Ilija

2004-01-01

Details to demonstrate the size and engineering achievements of one of the world's greatest hydroelectric power plant are given. Principal technical features of construction and operation of the Itaipu Dam are tabulated and discussed

Equilibrium figures in geodesy and geophysics.

Science.gov (United States)

Moritz, H.

There is an enormous literature on geodetic equilibrium figures, but the various works have not always been interrelated, also for linguistic reasons (English, French, German, Italian, Russian). The author attempts to systematize the various approaches and to use the standard second-order theory for a study of the deviation of the actual earth and of the equipotential reference ellipsoid from an equilibrium figure.

The Pillar of Heaven. Approximation to the study of the image of the Far West in Greek and Roman sources through the mythical figure of Atlas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pamina Fernández Camacho

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Atlas is a very complex mythical figure. A rebel Titan in epic tradition, he adopts the roles of both antagonist and helper of Herakles as the hero attempts to fulfill his task of stealing the apples of the Hesperides. Philosophers, geographers and historians consider him an Evemerized astronomer, a king in possession of fabulous riches, or identify him with a mountain. Often juggling positive and negative traits, Atlas’ various incarnations are connected to different themes such as divine genealogies, spatial and cosmogonic landmarks, Eastern influences, abundance in cattle and usurpation myths, which are all part of the image of the regions north and south of the Strait of Gibraltar created and spread by Graeco-Roman civilization. In this article, we propose a study of the literature and iconography related to this mythical character, as a way to give a different perspective to research about the mythical and literary geography of that area.

Language of the Earth: Exploring Natural Hazards through a Literary Anthology

Science.gov (United States)

Malamud, B. D.; Rhodes, F. H. T.

2009-04-01

This paper explores natural hazards teaching and communications through the use of a literary anthology of writings about the earth aimed at non-experts. Teaching natural hazards in high-school and university introductory Earth Science and Geography courses revolves mostly around lectures, examinations, and laboratory demonstrations/activities. Often the results of such a course are that a student 'memorizes' the answers, and is penalized when they miss a given fact [e.g., "You lost one point because you were off by 50 km/hr on the wind speed of an F5 tornado."] Although facts and general methodologies are certainly important when teaching natural hazards, it is a strong motivation to a student's assimilation of, and enthusiasm for, this knowledge, if supplemented by writings about the Earth. In this paper, we discuss a literary anthology which we developed [Language of the Earth, Rhodes, Stone, Malamud, Wiley-Blackwell, 2008] which includes many descriptions about natural hazards. Using first- and second-hand accounts of landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods and volcanic eruptions, through the writings of McPhee, Gaskill, Voltaire, Austin, Cloos, and many others, hazards become 'alive', and more than 'just' a compilation of facts and processes. Using short excerpts such as these, or other similar anthologies, of remarkably written accounts and discussions about natural hazards results in 'dry' facts becoming more than just facts. These often highly personal viewpoints of our catostrophic world, provide a useful supplement to a student's understanding of the turbulent world in which we live.

Forskerklummen: Figured Worlds of literacy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Møller, Hanne

2017-01-01

”Figured worlds”, altså forestillede verdener, er et teoretisk begreb, som i øjeblikket dukker op i flere og flere forskningssammenhænge. Det bliver anvendt på mange forskellige måder både inden for uddannelsesforskning og i forskning i literacy.......”Figured worlds”, altså forestillede verdener, er et teoretisk begreb, som i øjeblikket dukker op i flere og flere forskningssammenhænge. Det bliver anvendt på mange forskellige måder både inden for uddannelsesforskning og i forskning i literacy....

Style

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rösing, Lilian Munk

2017-01-01

Defined as the tropes, figures, and grammar of the text, style is quite concrete, quite analyzable. Pure detection and identification of the tropes and figures of a text is not very interesting to literary studies, though, unless it is combined with interpretation, that is, unless you ask: What i...

Problem of literary psychologism and its lighting in post-soviet high school

OpenAIRE

Abramovych, S.

2017-01-01

The article studies the phenomenon of the formation of literary image of psychology in the mainstream of the biblical tradition and in a complex dialogue with the ancient tradition. Antique literature is inferior to the Bible in the field of Psychologizing. The Bible reveals the richness of the psychological world of the "Inner Man" – in his love for God and the Woman, in his desperate suffering at the moments of God's rejection, in David's cries for the absurdly deceased traitorous – his son...

APPENDIX – Mircea Eliade: Preamble to the Hermeneutics of Reception. The Transposition of Eliade’s Literary Works into Other Artistic Languages. A Short History

OpenAIRE

Cristina SCARLAT

2011-01-01

The material published in “Postmodern Openings”, Iasi, year 2, no. 7, September 2011, pp.75 – 98, Mircea Eliade: Preamble to the Hermeneutics of Reception. The Transposition of Eliade’s Literary Works into other Artistic Languages. A Short History represents an illustration of these aspects – at a first statistical level. We signaled in that material the artistic versions having Eliadian literary work as their starting point. Now, we are coming with this Appendix elaborated through correspond...

The convent of Jericho in Brussels and its literary network

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stoop, Patricia

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The Augustinian convent of Jericho in Brussels was one of the main centres of textual, literary, and spiritual culture in the late medieval Low Countries. In addition to the large collection of manuscripts which the canonesses wrote for themselves, the sisters produced several books for people and institutions outside the convent walls. Thus the sisters were both important recipients as well as signifi cant producers of texts. This article will focus on the question of the origin of the texts and books that the sisters used to build their library. Additionally, attention will be paid to the external recipients of the books that the Jericho scribes made, in order to shed light on the as yet understudied exchange of texts and books to and from (female convents and the literary networks in which these religious institutions functioned.El convento de las agustinas Jericó en Bruselas fue uno de los centros más importantes de la cultura textual, literaria, y espiritual en los Países Bajos durante la Baja Edad Media. Además de la amplia colección de manuscritos que las canonesas escribieron para sí mismas, produjeron varios libros para personas e instituciones externas al convento. Las religiosas no solo eran receptoras importantes, sino también signifi cativas productoras de textos. El artículo se concentra en la cuestión de la proveniencia de los textos y libros que servían para crear su biblioteca. Se prestará asimismo atención a los destinatarios externos a los que se dirigieron las copistas de Jericó con el fin de arrojar luz sobre la hasta ahora poco estudiada dinámica de intercambio de textos y libros entre conventos (de mujeres y el exterior y las redes literarias en el marco de las cuales esas instituciones religiosas funcionaron.

Masking interrupts figure-ground signals in V1.

Science.gov (United States)

Lamme, Victor A F; Zipser, Karl; Spekreijse, Henk

2002-10-01

In a backward masking paradigm, a target stimulus is rapidly (figure-ground segregation can be recorded. Here, we recorded from awake macaque monkeys, engaged in a task where they had to detect figures from background in a pattern backward masking paradigm. We show that the V1 figure-ground signals are selectively and fully suppressed at target-mask intervals that psychophysically result in the target being invisible. Initial response transients, signalling the features that make up the scene, are not affected. As figure-ground modulations depend on feedback from extrastriate areas, these results suggest that masking selectively interrupts the recurrent interactions between V1 and higher visual areas.

Surface reconstruction, figure-ground modulation, and border-ownership.

Science.gov (United States)

Jeurissen, Danique; Self, Matthew W; Roelfsema, Pieter R

2013-01-01

The Differentiation-Integration for Surface Completion (DISC) model aims to explain the reconstruction of visual surfaces. We find the model a valuable contribution to our understanding of figure-ground organization. We point out that, next to border-ownership, neurons in visual cortex code whether surface elements belong to a figure or the background and that this is influenced by attention. We furthermore suggest that there must be strong links between object recognition and figure-ground assignment in order to resolve the status of interior contours. Incorporation of these factors in neurocomputational models will further improve our understanding of surface reconstruction, figure-ground organization, and border-ownership.

Horslips in Irish Musical and Literary Culture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John L. Murphy

2008-03-01

Full Text Available This essay examines the literary impact of a musical electric-folk band. Horslips combined psychedelic, and hard rock with Irish traditional motifs and Celtic narrative themes. Spanning the decade from 1970 to 1980, their success and decline followed the trajectory of the countercultural movement, which came late to Ireland. The band’s revival of mythic characters and historical events drawn from the Irish past attracted fans from all over the island, as well as the diaspora; many young people gained an appreciation of their Irish heritage for the first time, as Horslips became the first electric folk-rock band to fuse disparate genres, and to succeed as an Irish-based independent collective who controlled the graphics, marketing, distribution, and promotion of their music. They inspired the likes of U2 and the Irish punk and new-wave rock musicians who followed them, and without the pioneering efforts of Horslips, Irish music and culture today may never have reached its current success, three decades later.

Stranger than fiction: literary and clinical amnesia.

Science.gov (United States)

Dieguez, Sebastian; Annoni, Jean-Marie

2013-01-01

This chapter broadly covers literary uses of amnesia and memory disorders. Amnesia in fiction offers authors an efficient and dramatic device to tackle themes such as identity, personal liberty, or guilt. We argue against the common complaint that fictional amnesia is scientifically inaccurate, pointing out that the goals of literature are different from those of science, that amnesia is still poorly understood, and that real-life cases can sometimes be stranger than fiction. The chapter provides examples from the neuropsychological literature, media reports, mythology, historical cases, detective stories, war stories, theatrical plays, and other genres. Special attention is given to retrograde and dissociative amnesia, as these are the most frequent types of amnesia portrayed in fiction, while other types of memory disorders are more shortly treated. We argue that the predominance of disorders affecting autobiographical memory in fiction is in itself a revealing fact about the mechanisms of human memory, illustrating how fictional treatments of pathology can inform back neurological and psychological research. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.

The Literary Criticism and Memoirs of Juan Ramón Jiménez

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Allen W. Phillips

1983-01-01

Full Text Available Equally as demanding of others as he was of himself, Juan Ramón Jiménez conceived of literary criticism as a serious and exacting task. The critic and the poet, standing side by side, are devoted to complementary activities of mutual enrichment. However fragmentary and partial the critical opinions of Juan Ramón may be (also outspoken and polemical in nature, they are invaluable as a personal historical and aesthetic guide to about fifty or sixty years of Hispanic literary development (1900-1960. Not to take them into account is to fail to recognize a highly important aspect of his total artistic personality. These varied critical texts are a product of a first rate intelligence and the sensibility of a writer of consummate discrimination who was endowed not only with an excellent memory but also a very special talent for appreciating the authentic. Juan Ramón as a critic is quick to praise (San Juan, Bécquer, Dario, Unamuno and Machado and at the same time strong in his censure of certain contemporaries. Several recently collected volumes of miscellaneous critical materials have resolved the bibliographical muddle for the initial study of this fundamental aspect of the poet, but still particularly important are the expressionistic portraits of Españoles de tres mundos , longer tributes to Valle, Ortega and Villaespesa as well as the extensive lectures delivered in his latter years. Examination of these pages gives us an historical and creative overview of the period in which he lived and worked in addition to original considerations about the evolution of Hispanic poetry. Of course, one of the constant focal points of his literary criticism was the modernist epoch of his early days, a movement or attitude which he considered to be a modern twentieth century renaissance. Together with detailed study of these two areas of historical and aesthetic nature, in the ensuing pages some conclusions are pointed out as to the essence of poetry

Un lieu pour les figures dans la théorie de l’argumentation A Place for Rhetorical Figures in Argumentation Theory

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christian Plantin

2009-04-01

Full Text Available A partir du traitement des figures dans le Traité de l’Argumentation (TA de Perelman et Olbrechts-Tyteca, cet article porte sur la question de la place des figures dans la théorie de l’argumentation. La première partie revient brièvement sur différentes formes de rhétorique, dont une rhétorique de l’ornement ayant pour instrument principal les figures. Une théorie moderne de l’argumentation orientée vers la recherche des fallacies établit une coupure radicale entre argumentation, instrument de recherche de la vérité et rhétorique ornée, que Locke caractérise comme « a powerful instrument of error and deceit ». Cette conception suppose l’usage d’un langage qu’on peut rapidement caractériser comme « artificiel », qui n’est pas celui de l’argumentation ordinaire. Avant d’être des « decorations » les figures sont des « instruments » de structuration de la parole ; et les topoi, instruments de l’argumentation, n’obéissent pas à d’autres mécanismes que les tropes, qui semblent toujours parler à côté et manquer leur objet. La seconde partie s’intéresse à une partie quelque peu délaissée du TA, l’usage qu’il fait des figures et la vision théorique, à la fois cavalière et décisive, qu’il en propose. Le TA ouvre la voie à une conception des figures non pas comme « vain ornement » mais comme une première sémantique du discours argumentatif ; c’est ce qu’on peut montrer sur le cas des « figures du choix, de la présence et de la communion ». En conséquence, la pensée des figures peut et doit être intégrée à une théorie de l’argumentation qui prend en compte le langage dans la parole, avec ses stratégies de construction des objets, du locuteur, de l’interlocuteur et de leurs émotions.This paper deals with the treatment of figures of speech in Perelman’s and Olbrechts-Tyteca’s Treatise on Argumentation (TA, and, more broadly, with the place of

Figure 1. T. tor species. Figure 2. Long PCR products of ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Annam

Figure 2. Long PCR products of mitochondrial DNA from the fish T. tor. Lane 1, amplified product using L-12321-Leu and S-LA-16S-H primers. Lane 2, amplified product using H-12321 –Leu and S-LA-16S-L primers. Lane M, 1-Kb DNA ladder. 8 kb ...

Brain bases for auditory stimulus-driven figure-ground segregation.

Science.gov (United States)

Teki, Sundeep; Chait, Maria; Kumar, Sukhbinder; von Kriegstein, Katharina; Griffiths, Timothy D

2011-01-05

Auditory figure-ground segregation, listeners' ability to selectively hear out a sound of interest from a background of competing sounds, is a fundamental aspect of scene analysis. In contrast to the disordered acoustic environment we experience during everyday listening, most studies of auditory segregation have used relatively simple, temporally regular signals. We developed a new figure-ground stimulus that incorporates stochastic variation of the figure and background that captures the rich spectrotemporal complexity of natural acoustic scenes. Figure and background signals overlap in spectrotemporal space, but vary in the statistics of fluctuation, such that the only way to extract the figure is by integrating the patterns over time and frequency. Our behavioral results demonstrate that human listeners are remarkably sensitive to the appearance of such figures. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, aimed at investigating preattentive, stimulus-driven, auditory segregation mechanisms, naive subjects listened to these stimuli while performing an irrelevant task. Results demonstrate significant activations in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the superior temporal sulcus related to bottom-up, stimulus-driven figure-ground decomposition. We did not observe any significant activation in the primary auditory cortex. Our results support a role for automatic, bottom-up mechanisms in the IPS in mediating stimulus-driven, auditory figure-ground segregation, which is consistent with accumulating evidence implicating the IPS in structuring sensory input and perceptual organization.

Shape recognition contributions to figure-ground reversal: which route counts?

Science.gov (United States)

Peterson, M A; Harvey, E M; Weidenbacher, H J

1991-11-01

Observers viewed upright and inverted versions of figure-ground stimuli, in which Gestalt variables specified that the center was figure. In upright versions, the surround was high in denotivity, in that most viewers agreed it depicted the same shape; in inverted versions, the surround was low in denotivity. The surround was maintained as figure longer and was more likely to be obtained as figure when the stimuli were upright rather than inverted. In four experiments, these effects reflected inputs to figure-ground computations from orientation-specific shape representations only. To account for these findings, a nonratiomorphic mechanism is proposed that enables shape recognition processes before figure-ground relationships are determined.

Local figure-ground cues are valid for natural images.

Science.gov (United States)

Fowlkes, Charless C; Martin, David R; Malik, Jitendra

2007-06-08

Figure-ground organization refers to the visual perception that a contour separating two regions belongs to one of the regions. Recent studies have found neural correlates of figure-ground assignment in V2 as early as 10-25 ms after response onset, providing strong support for the role of local bottom-up processing. How much information about figure-ground assignment is available from locally computed cues? Using a large collection of natural images, in which neighboring regions were assigned a figure-ground relation by human observers, we quantified the extent to which figural regions locally tend to be smaller, more convex, and lie below ground regions. Our results suggest that these Gestalt cues are ecologically valid, and we quantify their relative power. We have also developed a simple bottom-up computational model of figure-ground assignment that takes image contours as input. Using parameters fit to natural image statistics, the model is capable of matching human-level performance when scene context limited.

SOCIALIST REALISM IN LITERARY DEPICTIONS OF WAR (THE CASE OF CROATIAN PROSE NARRATIVE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maciej Czerwiński

2017-01-01

Full Text Available In this article paradigms of socialist realist poetics in prose narrative on World WarTwo are taken into consideration. Some key ideologemes of socialist realism and communist worldview are underlined, such as absence of ambiguity (unequivocalness, simplifi cations, consistent mimeticism (truthful and historically concrete representation of reality, class awareness, militancy and heroism in war. Alongside theoretical and official directives, formulated by dogmatic theoreticians of socijalist realist doctrine (like Jure Franičević-Pločar who based his understandings of literature on the Soviet principles, created by Zhdanov and Stalin, there are given analyses of some literary texts written by Josip Barković, Joža Horvat, Ivo Andrić i Mate Beretin. The author focuses on literary construction of characters – the prototype illegal partisans who ruthlessly struggle against the occupiers as well as chronotopic settings which enable for the action to be set within schematized confl ict of good and evil. Including the new communist man, that is created during the revolution, there are given crucial political orientations concerning the canonized vision of the war, such as the principle of symmetry (meaning that all peoples’ traitors are fascists and the vision of the liberation from fascism as the victory of the communist revolution (in this perspective, communists are depicted as the sole antifascists.

Lower region: a new cue for figure-ground assignment.

Science.gov (United States)

Vecera, Shaun P; Vogel, Edward K; Woodman, Geoffrey F

2002-06-01

Figure-ground assignment is an important visual process; humans recognize, attend to, and act on figures, not backgrounds. There are many visual cues for figure-ground assignment. A new cue to figure-ground assignment, called lower region, is presented: Regions in the lower portion of a stimulus array appear more figurelike than regions in the upper portion of the display. This phenomenon was explored, and it was demonstrated that the lower-region preference is not influenced by contrast, eye movements, or voluntary spatial attention. It was found that the lower region is defined relative to the stimulus display, linking the lower-region preference to pictorial depth perception cues. The results are discussed in terms of the environmental regularities that this new figure-ground cue may reflect.

Human figure drawings by children with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.

Science.gov (United States)

Pope-Grattan, M M; Burnett, C N; Wolfe, C V

1976-02-01

Seventy-two human figure drawings by forty-three patients who had a diagnosis of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy were examined. The study includes a description of these human figure drawings according to eleven emotional indicators and according to directionality quadrants. When the human figure drawings were used as a projective tool, four personality traits of some of the children were identified: physical inadequacy, immaturity, body anxiety, and insecurity. Both the emotional indicators and the quadrant in which the figures appeared were examined in relation to stages of the disease process to see if the human figure drawings of the children might reflect more stress and anxiety at a particular stage of the disease. Suggestions for improvements and recommendations for future study are given.

The Novela Negra in a Transatlantic Literary Economy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Glen S. Close

2014-06-01

Full Text Available In the field of contemporary Hispanic literary studies, there would seem to be few areas of production so starkly determined by such triangulation as detective fiction, and particularly the subgenre of the novela negra. The contemporary, transnational Spanish-language genre descended from early twentieth-century U.S. hard-boiled writing. While the prestige of U.S. hard-boiled classics writers is evident in a multitude of explicit and implicit homages contained in the novela negra corpus, the dissemination of detective formulas was by no means a direct or unilinear transfer, but rather a complex process of irregular filtration through imports, translations, editions, pastiches and imitations over the course of the twentieth century. The primary poles of the triangulation that I describe here will correspond to those proposed by Ortega, but I will also follow his example by extending attention to other areas of Europe whose implication in this specific transatlantic interaction is appreciable.

Feature Assignment in Perception of Auditory Figure

Science.gov (United States)

Gregg, Melissa K.; Samuel, Arthur G.

2012-01-01

Because the environment often includes multiple sounds that overlap in time, listeners must segregate a sound of interest (the auditory figure) from other co-occurring sounds (the unattended auditory ground). We conducted a series of experiments to clarify the principles governing the extraction of auditory figures. We distinguish between auditory…

Learning to rank figures within a biomedical article.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Feifan Liu

Full Text Available Hundreds of millions of figures are available in biomedical literature, representing important biomedical experimental evidence. This ever-increasing sheer volume has made it difficult for scientists to effectively and accurately access figures of their interest, the process of which is crucial for validating research facts and for formulating or testing novel research hypotheses. Current figure search applications can't fully meet this challenge as the "bag of figures" assumption doesn't take into account the relationship among figures. In our previous study, hundreds of biomedical researchers have annotated articles in which they serve as corresponding authors. They ranked each figure in their paper based on a figure's importance at their discretion, referred to as "figure ranking". Using this collection of annotated data, we investigated computational approaches to automatically rank figures. We exploited and extended the state-of-the-art listwise learning-to-rank algorithms and developed a new supervised-learning model BioFigRank. The cross-validation results show that BioFigRank yielded the best performance compared with other state-of-the-art computational models, and the greedy feature selection can further boost the ranking performance significantly. Furthermore, we carry out the evaluation by comparing BioFigRank with three-level competitive domain-specific human experts: (1 First Author, (2 Non-Author-In-Domain-Expert who is not the author nor co-author of an article but who works in the same field of the corresponding author of the article, and (3 Non-Author-Out-Domain-Expert who is not the author nor co-author of an article and who may or may not work in the same field of the corresponding author of an article. Our results show that BioFigRank outperforms Non-Author-Out-Domain-Expert and performs as well as Non-Author-In-Domain-Expert. Although BioFigRank underperforms First Author, since most biomedical researchers are either in- or

Learning to rank figures within a biomedical article.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Feifan; Yu, Hong

2014-01-01

Hundreds of millions of figures are available in biomedical literature, representing important biomedical experimental evidence. This ever-increasing sheer volume has made it difficult for scientists to effectively and accurately access figures of their interest, the process of which is crucial for validating research facts and for formulating or testing novel research hypotheses. Current figure search applications can't fully meet this challenge as the "bag of figures" assumption doesn't take into account the relationship among figures. In our previous study, hundreds of biomedical researchers have annotated articles in which they serve as corresponding authors. They ranked each figure in their paper based on a figure's importance at their discretion, referred to as "figure ranking". Using this collection of annotated data, we investigated computational approaches to automatically rank figures. We exploited and extended the state-of-the-art listwise learning-to-rank algorithms and developed a new supervised-learning model BioFigRank. The cross-validation results show that BioFigRank yielded the best performance compared with other state-of-the-art computational models, and the greedy feature selection can further boost the ranking performance significantly. Furthermore, we carry out the evaluation by comparing BioFigRank with three-level competitive domain-specific human experts: (1) First Author, (2) Non-Author-In-Domain-Expert who is not the author nor co-author of an article but who works in the same field of the corresponding author of the article, and (3) Non-Author-Out-Domain-Expert who is not the author nor co-author of an article and who may or may not work in the same field of the corresponding author of an article. Our results show that BioFigRank outperforms Non-Author-Out-Domain-Expert and performs as well as Non-Author-In-Domain-Expert. Although BioFigRank underperforms First Author, since most biomedical researchers are either in- or out

Semiotics of Umberto Eco in a Literary Translation Class: The Model Reader as the Competent Translator

Science.gov (United States)

Ozturk Kasar, Sündüz; Can, Alize

2017-01-01

Classroom environment can be thought as an absolute place to practice and improve translation skills of students. They have the possibility to brainstorm and discuss problematic points they face with each other during a translation activity. It can be estimated in the same way in a literary translation class. Students who are supposed to become…

Running the figure to the ground: figure-ground segmentation during visual search.

Science.gov (United States)

Ralph, Brandon C W; Seli, Paul; Cheng, Vivian O Y; Solman, Grayden J F; Smilek, Daniel

2014-04-01

We examined how figure-ground segmentation occurs across multiple regions of a visual array during a visual search task. Stimuli consisted of arrays of black-and-white figure-ground images in which roughly half of each image depicted a meaningful object, whereas the other half constituted a less meaningful shape. The colours of the meaningful regions of the targets and distractors were either the same (congruent) or different (incongruent). We found that incongruent targets took longer to locate than congruent targets (Experiments 1, 2, and 3) and that this segmentation-congruency effect decreased when the number of search items was reduced (Experiment 2). Furthermore, an analysis of eye movements revealed that participants spent more time scrutinising the target before confirming its identity on incongruent trials than on congruent trials (Experiment 3). These findings suggest that the distractor context influences target segmentation and detection during visual search. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Writing back to colonialism, again: The novel The Chimurenga Protocol and the ‘new’ resistance literary culture in post-2000 Zimbabwe

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oliver Nyambi

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Some contemporary Zimbabwean literature demonstrates a discernible resistance thread. These literary works create fictional life-worlds in which the ambivalence of colonial land and economic injustices are exposed as potentially mutating and threatening the independent nation. In this way, such works validate ‘nationalist’ corrective measures through inserting a narrative that implicitly refers back to past colonial imbalances. In the choreographed discourses of national sovereignty that characterise the Third Chimurenga – epitomised by Mugabe’s book Inside the Third Chimurenga – there are perceived dangers from infiltrating forces which pose a threat to the nation’s sovereignty. Britain’s refusal to fund land reform in Zimbabwe is viewed as an implicit declaration of that country’s intention to derail the Zimbabwean people’s movement towards total independence and the ‘fast track land reform’ of the Third Chimurenga. The anti-Britain campaign is inextricably linked to the land question. The cultural sphere (especially its literary, theatrical and musical dimensions in Zimbabwe’s recent past has been faced with the political urgency of (redefining the land question. Literary texts such as Nyaradzo Mtizira’s novel The Chimurenga Protocol, theatre performances such as Christopher Mlalazi’s ‘Election Day’ and musical compositions by the war veteran singer Dickson Chingaira are some of the artistic productions that reveal conflicting perspectives on the land and its significance in the people’s search for selfdetermination and national identity. Using the example of Nyaradzo Mtizira’s novel The Chimurenga Protocol, this article argues that whilst many Zimbabwean writers published in the post-2000 period have attempted to imagine ‘alternative’ national identities, the text’s anti-West thematic and aesthetic texture resonates with the state’s post-2000 ideological grand narratives of the nation and can

Figure ground discrimination in age-related macular degeneration.

Science.gov (United States)

Tran, Thi Ha Chau; Guyader, Nathalie; Guerin, Anne; Despretz, Pascal; Boucart, Muriel

2011-03-01

To investigate impairment in discriminating a figure from its background and to study its relation to visual acuity and lesion size in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Seventeen patients with neovascular AMD and visual acuity Figure/ground segregation is impaired in patients with AMD. A white space surrounding an object is sufficient to improve the object's detection and to facilitate figure/ground segregation. These results may have practical applications to the rehabilitation of the environment in patients with AMD.

Feedback enhances feedforward figure-ground segmentation by changing firing mode.

Science.gov (United States)

Supèr, Hans; Romeo, August

2011-01-01

In the visual cortex, feedback projections are conjectured to be crucial in figure-ground segregation. However, the precise function of feedback herein is unclear. Here we tested a hypothetical model of reentrant feedback. We used a previous developed 2-layered feedforward spiking network that is able to segregate figure from ground and included feedback connections. Our computer model data show that without feedback, neurons respond with regular low-frequency (∼9 Hz) bursting to a figure-ground stimulus. After including feedback the firing pattern changed into a regular (tonic) spiking pattern. In this state, we found an extra enhancement of figure responses and a further suppression of background responses resulting in a stronger figure-ground signal. Such push-pull effect was confirmed by comparing the figure-ground responses with the responses to a homogenous texture. We propose that feedback controls figure-ground segregation by influencing the neural firing patterns of feedforward projecting neurons.

Feedback enhances feedforward figure-ground segmentation by changing firing mode.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hans Supèr

Full Text Available In the visual cortex, feedback projections are conjectured to be crucial in figure-ground segregation. However, the precise function of feedback herein is unclear. Here we tested a hypothetical model of reentrant feedback. We used a previous developed 2-layered feedforward spiking network that is able to segregate figure from ground and included feedback connections. Our computer model data show that without feedback, neurons respond with regular low-frequency (∼9 Hz bursting to a figure-ground stimulus. After including feedback the firing pattern changed into a regular (tonic spiking pattern. In this state, we found an extra enhancement of figure responses and a further suppression of background responses resulting in a stronger figure-ground signal. Such push-pull effect was confirmed by comparing the figure-ground responses with the responses to a homogenous texture. We propose that feedback controls figure-ground segregation by influencing the neural firing patterns of feedforward projecting neurons.

A figure control sensor for the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR)

Science.gov (United States)

Bartman, R.; Dubovitsky, S.

1988-01-01

A sensing and control system is required to maintain high optical figure quality in a segmented reflector. Upon detecting a deviation of the segmented surface from its ideal form, the system drives segment mounted actuators to realign the individual segments and thereby return the surface to its intended figure. When the reflector is in use, a set of figure sensors will determine positions of a number of points on the back surface of each of the reflector's segments, each sensor being assigned to a single point. By measuring the positional deviations of these points from previously established nominal values, the figure sensors provide the control system with the information required to maintain the reflector's optical figure. The optical lever, multiple wavelength interferometer, and electronic capacitive sensor, the most promising technologies for the development of the figure sensor, are illustrated. It is concluded that to select a particular implementation of the figure sensors, performance requirement will be refined and relevant technologies investigated further.

Some aspects of gender inequality in selected African literary texts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L.L. Kwatsha

2009-07-01

Full Text Available This article focuses on gender inequalities in selected African literary texts. I explore the way in which some African writers view gender inequalities and stereotypes in their characters. We will also be able to see who is involved and affected by these gender inequalities and how. Gender theory will be used as a framework. The aspects of gender that are discussed, include gender stereotypes, gender roles, gender identity, the superiority of men, inequality in polygamous marriages, sex roles, the sexual division of labour and arranged marriage. This study will also include the views of writers from other part of Africa. These views have a lot in common but sometimes they vary because of the influence and different ideologies of the society concerned.

Edge effect correction using ion beam figuring.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Bing; Xie, Xuhui; Li, Furen; Zhou, Lin

2017-11-10

The edge effect is regarded as one of the most difficult technical issues for fabricating large primary mirrors, as it can greatly reduce the key performance of the optical system. Ion beam figuring (IBF) has the advantage of no edge effect, so we can use it to remove high points on the edge and improve surface accuracy. The edge local correction method (ELCM) of IBF processes only the surface edge zone, and is very different from the current full caliber figuring method (FCFM). Therefore, it is necessary to study the ELCM of IBF. In this paper, the key factors of ELCM are analyzed, such as dwell time algorithm, edge data extension methods, and the outward dimension of the starting figuring point. At the same time, the distinctions between ELCM and FCFM are compared. Finally, a 142 mm diameter fused silica mirror is fabricated to verify the validity of the theoretical of ELCM. The experimental results indicate that the figuring precision and efficiency can be obviously improved by ELCM.

Literary Representations of Capitalist Dictatorship in Transcultural Adaptations of Brecht’s The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui by Ajoka Theatre in Pakistan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Taimur Kayani

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Brecht’s ‘canonical’ literary work’s indigenization in Pakistan can offer a valuable transcultural adaptation study because it was performed through a radical theatre with a distinct dramaturgy and political philosophy in two different cultural contexts and historical frame of references. As the foremost representative of Brecht’s radical dramaturgy, philosophy and literary works in Pakistan since 1983, Ajoka theatre utilized these adaptations as socio-political spaces to challenge dominant discourses on the rise of dictatorship and capitalism in Pakistan. Prior studies explored the formal elements of these adaptations of The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui(1942 : visual and aural and the intellectual content i.e. political dimension of this ‘social action theatre’ is still unexamined. This contextual reading attempts to fulfill this ‘gap’ by conducting a seminal contextual criticism on ‘literary representations’ of Pakistani pro-capitalist dictators in selected transcultural adaptations of Brecht’s work in light of new historicism and Hutcheon’s Theory of Adaptation. The article also explores how in the second phase Brecht’s social and political philosophy is reflected in Ajoka’s signature plays, Bala King (1997 and The Third Knock (1970.

Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures Report

Science.gov (United States)

Each year EPA releases the Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures report, formerly called Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: Facts and Figures. It includes information on Municipal Solid Waste generation, recycling, an

Figure-ground segregation can rely on differences in motion direction.

Science.gov (United States)

Kandil, Farid I; Fahle, Manfred

2004-12-01

If the elements within a figure move synchronously while those in the surround move at a different time, the figure is easily segregated from the surround and thus perceived. Lee and Blake (1999) [Visual form created solely from temporal structure. Science, 284, 1165-1168] demonstrated that this figure-ground separation may be based not only on time differences between motion onsets, but also on the differences between reversals of motion direction. However, Farid and Adelson (2001) [Synchrony does not promote grouping in temporally structured displays. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 875-876] argued that figure-ground segregation in the motion-reversal experiment might have been based on a contrast artefact and concluded that (a)synchrony as such was 'not responsible for the perception of form in these or earlier displays'. Here, we present experiments that avoid contrast artefacts but still produce figure-ground segregation based on purely temporal cues. Our results show that subjects can segregate figure from ground even though being unable to use motion reversals as such. Subjects detect the figure when either (i) motion stops (leading to contrast artefacts), or (ii) motion directions differ between figure and ground. Segregation requires minimum delays of about 15 ms. We argue that whatever the underlying cues and mechanisms, a second stage beyond motion detection is required to globally compare the outputs of local motion detectors and to segregate figure from ground. Since analogous changes take place in both figure and ground in rapid succession, this second stage has to detect the asynchrony with high temporal precision.

Two critical periods in early visual cortex during figure-ground segregation.

Science.gov (United States)

Wokke, Martijn E; Sligte, Ilja G; Steven Scholte, H; Lamme, Victor A F

2012-11-01

The ability to distinguish a figure from its background is crucial for visual perception. To date, it remains unresolved where and how in the visual system different stages of figure-ground segregation emerge. Neural correlates of figure border detection have consistently been found in early visual cortex (V1/V2). However, areas V1/V2 have also been frequently associated with later stages of figure-ground segregation (such as border ownership or surface segregation). To causally link activity in early visual cortex to different stages of figure-ground segregation, we briefly disrupted activity in areas V1/V2 at various moments in time using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Prior to stimulation we presented stimuli that made it possible to differentiate between figure border detection and surface segregation. We concurrently recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to examine how neural correlates of figure-ground segregation were affected by TMS. Results show that disruption of V1/V2 in an early time window (96-119 msec) affected detection of figure stimuli and affected neural correlates of figure border detection, border ownership, and surface segregation. TMS applied in a relatively late time window (236-259 msec) selectively deteriorated performance associated with surface segregation. We conclude that areas V1/V2 are not only essential in an early stage of figure-ground segregation when figure borders are detected, but subsequently causally contribute to more sophisticated stages of figure-ground segregation such as surface segregation.

"Brilliant, Bright, Boiling Words": Literary Disability, Language and the Writing Body in the Work of Christopher Nolan

Science.gov (United States)

Coogan, Tom

2012-01-01

This article uses theory on disability, embodiment and language to explore the production, context and presentation of two pieces of life-writing by Christopher Nolan. It examines Nolan's unusual use of language and form in his presentations of an experience of disability, and considers its literary and political significance. Consideration is…

Figure-Ground Processing: A Reassessment of Gelb and Granit.

Science.gov (United States)

Nelson, Rolf; Hebda, Nicholas

2018-03-01

In 1923, Adhemar Gelb and Ragnar Granit, two prominent researchers in early Gestalt perceptual theory, reported a lower threshold for detection of a target (a small colored dot) on the ground region of an image than on an adjacent figural region. Although their results had a wide influence on the understanding of figure-ground perception, they are at odds with more recent investigations in which figural regions appear to have a processing advantage over ground regions. The two present studies replicated Gelb and Granit's experiment using a similar figure-ground stimulus albeit with a two-alternative forced choice procedure rather than their original method of adjustment. Experiment 1 found that, contrary to Gelb and Granit's findings, a detection advantage was found for the figural over the ground region. Experiment 2 indicated that explicit contours might have played a role in detection.

Popular science - common ground. A literary critique of Richard Dawkins's The Selfish Gene

OpenAIRE

Nilsen, Helene

2012-01-01

This thesis aims to perform a literary reading of Richard Dawkins's The Selfish Gene from a perspective situated outside of the 'battle of the two cultures'. Chapter 1 takes Foucault's article What is an author?" as its point of departure. After discussing how Dawkins may be seen as a reader of Darwin, I will go on to discuss Foucault's concept of the author-function, before I move on to consider some different readings of and approaches to The Selfish Gene. With reference to a polemic bet...

Karna Particle Size Dataset for Tables and Figures

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — This dataset contains 1) table of bulk Pb-XAS LCF results, 2) table of bulk As-XAS LCF results, 3) figure data of particle size distribution, and 4) figure data for...

Ornamental Gentlemen: Literary Curiosities and Queer Romanticisms

Science.gov (United States)

Robinson, Michael Edward

2010-01-01

The figure of the "bibliomaniacal" book collector with his "curious" malady--a "passion for collecting...that infects weak minds," according to Isaac D'Israeli (1766-1848)--serves as the focus of this dissertation about nineteenth-century British poetry and prose. More than a psychological condition or cultural practice, the bibliomaniac's…

Literary Practice according to Michel Henry: A Philosophical Introduction to his Novels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean-Baptiste Dussert

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Although the author of four novels, Michel Henry never produced an aesthetics of literature. The purpose of this article is, after a presentation of his philosophy of immanence and his concept of life, to locate where the literary practice takes place in his system. In this study, we are not interested in the poetic quality of his works, but in the possibility to base his singular creativity on his philosophical reflection. This leads us to insert literature in the vast phenomenon of culture and ethics, and to grasp the function of poetics in the struggle against barbarism.

The literary uses of high-dimensional space

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ted Underwood

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Debates over “Big Data” shed more heat than light in the humanities, because the term ascribes new importance to statistical methods without explaining how those methods have changed. What we badly need instead is a conversation about the substantive innovations that have made statistical modeling useful for disciplines where, in the past, it truly wasn’t. These innovations are partly technical, but more fundamentally expressed in what Leo Breiman calls a new “culture” of statistical modeling. Where 20th-century methods often required humanists to squeeze our unstructured texts, sounds, or images into some special-purpose data model, new methods can handle unstructured evidence more directly by modeling it in a high-dimensional space. This opens a range of research opportunities that humanists have barely begun to discuss. To date, topic modeling has received most attention, but in the long run, supervised predictive models may be even more important. I sketch their potential by describing how Jordan Sellers and I have begun to model poetic distinction in the long 19th century—revealing an arc of gradual change much longer than received literary histories would lead us to expect.

The role of shape recognition in figure/ground perception in infancy.

Science.gov (United States)

White, Hannah; Jubran, Rachel; Heck, Alison; Chroust, Alyson; Bhatt, Ramesh S

2018-04-30

In this study we sought to determine whether infants, like adults, utilize previous experience to guide figure/ground processing. After familiarization to a shape, 5-month-olds preferentially attended to the side of an ambiguous figure/ground test stimulus corresponding to that shape, suggesting that they were viewing that portion as the figure. Infants' failure to exhibit this preference in a control condition in which both sides of the test stimulus were displayed as figures indicated that the results in the experimental condition were not due to a preference between two figure shapes. These findings demonstrate for the first time that figure/ground processing in infancy is sensitive to top-down influence. Thus, a critical aspect of figure/ground processing is functional early in life.

Figure-ground segregation modulates apparent motion.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramachandran, V S; Anstis, S

1986-01-01

We explored the relationship between figure-ground segmentation and apparent motion. Results suggest that: static elements in the surround can eliminate apparent motion of a cluster of dots in the centre, but only if the cluster and surround have similar "grain" or texture; outlines that define occluding surfaces are taken into account by the motion mechanism; the brain uses a hierarchy of precedence rules in attributing motion to different segments of the visual scene. Being designated as "figure" confers a high rank in this scheme of priorities.

Lighting, backlighting and watercolor illusions and the laws of figurality.

Science.gov (United States)

Pinna, Baingio; Reeves, Adam

2006-01-01

We report some novel 'lighting' and 'backlighting' effects in plane figures similar to those which induce the 'watercolor illusion', that is, figures made with outlines composed of juxtaposed parallel lines varying in brightness and chromatic color. These new effects show 'illumination' as an emergent percept, and show how arrangements of 'dark and light' along the boundaries of various plane figures model the volume and strengthen the illusion of depth. To account for these various effects we propose several phenomenological 'laws of figurality' to add to the Gestalt laws of organization and figure-ground segregation. We offer a set of meta-laws which are speculative but which serve to integrate and organize the phenomenological laws. These laws indicate how luminance gradient profiles across boundary contours define both the 3D appearance of figures and the properties of the light reflected from their volumetric shapes.

The effect of recognizability on figure-ground processing: does it affect parsing or only figure selection?

Science.gov (United States)

Navon, David

2011-03-01

Though figure-ground assignment has been shown to be probably affected by recognizability, it appears sensible that object recognition must follow at least the earlier process of figure-ground segregation. To examine whether or not rudimentary object recognition could, counterintuitively, start even before the completion of the stage of parsing in which figure-ground segregation is done, participants were asked to respond, in a go/no-go fashion, whenever any out of 16 alternative connected patterns (that constituted familiar stimuli in the upright orientation) appeared. The white figure of the to-be-attended stimulus-target or foil-could be segregated from the white ambient ground only by means of a frame surrounding it. Such a frame was absent until the onset of target display. Then, to manipulate organizational quality, the greyness of the frame was either gradually increased from zero (in Experiment 1) or changed abruptly to a stationary level whose greyness was varied between trials (in Experiments 2 and 3). Stimulus recognizability was manipulated by orientation angle. In all three experiments the effect of recognizability was found to be considerably larger when organizational quality was minimal due to an extremely faint frame. This result is argued to be incompatible with any version of a serial thesis suggesting that processing aimed at object recognition starts only with a good enough level of organizational quality. The experiments rather provide some support to the claim, termed here "early interaction hypothesis", positing interaction between early recognition processing and preassignment parsing processes.

Stochastic correlative firing for figure-ground segregation.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Zhe

2005-03-01

Segregation of sensory inputs into separate objects is a central aspect of perception and arises in all sensory modalities. The figure-ground segregation problem requires identifying an object of interest in a complex scene, in many cases given binaural auditory or binocular visual observations. The computations required for visual and auditory figure-ground segregation share many common features and can be cast within a unified framework. Sensory perception can be viewed as a problem of optimizing information transmission. Here we suggest a stochastic correlative firing mechanism and an associative learning rule for figure-ground segregation in several classic sensory perception tasks, including the cocktail party problem in binaural hearing, binocular fusion of stereo images, and Gestalt grouping in motion perception.

Human figure drawing distinguishes Alzheimer's patients: a cognitive screening test study.

Science.gov (United States)

Stanzani Maserati, Michelangelo; D'Onofrio, Renato; Matacena, Corrado; Sambati, Luisa; Oppi, Federico; Poda, Roberto; De Matteis, Maddalena; Naldi, Ilaria; Liguori, Rocco; Capellari, Sabina

2018-05-01

To study human figure drawing in a group of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and compare it with a group of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and controls. We evaluated consecutive outpatients over a one-year period. Patients were classified as affected by AD or by MCI. All patients and controls underwent a simplified version of the human-figure drawing test and MMSE. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of all human figures was obtained. 112 AD, 100 MCI patients and 104 controls were enrolled. AD patients drew human figures poor in details and globally smaller than MCI patients and controls. Human figures drawn by MCI patients are intermediate in body height between those of the AD patients and the healthy subjects. The head-to-body ratio of human figures drawn by AD patients is greater than controls and MCI patients, while the human figure size-relative-to-page space index is significantly smaller. Body height is an independent predictor of cognitive impairment correlating with its severity and with the number of the figure's details. Human figures drawn by AD patients are different from those drawn by healthy subjects and MCI patients. Human figure drawing test is a useful tool for orienting cognitive impairment's diagnosis.

Vulnerability Of Mankind: An Existentialist (Philosophical) Interpretation of Charles Mungoshi?s Selected Literary Works

OpenAIRE

Felix Petros Mapako; Rugare Mareva

2013-01-01

The study sought to make an existentialist literary interpretation of Charles Mungoshi?s selected works. Stories were selected on the basis of their concerns and subjected to content analysis. The analysis established that characters in the works exude general and all-pervasive pessimistic feelings which leave them anxious and despairing, in conformity with existentialism, where human beings are said to be free to make choices in an indifferent world and the decisions they make are not withou...

El Escritor y las Normas del Canon Literario (The Writer and the Norms of the Literary Canon).

Science.gov (United States)

Policarpo, Alcibiades

This paper speculates about whether a literary canon exists in contemporary Latin American literature, particularly in the prose genre. The paper points to Carlos Fuentes, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and Mario Vargas Llosa as the three authors who might form this traditional and liberal canon with their works "La Muerte de Artemio Cruz"…

Massive the Higgs boson and the greatest hunt in science

CERN Document Server

Sample, Ian

2013-01-01

Now fully updated -- this is the dramatic and gripping account of the greatest scientific discovery of our time. In the early 1960s, three groups of physicists, working independently in different countries, stumbled upon an idea that would change physics and fuel the imagination of scientists for decades. That idea was the Higgs boson -- to find it would be to finally understand the origins of mass -- the last building block of life itself. Now, almost 50 years later, that particle has finally been discovered.

The edge complex: implicit memory for figure assignment in shape perception.

Science.gov (United States)

Peterson, Mary A; Enns, James T

2005-05-01

Viewing a stepped edge is likely to prompt the perceptual assignment of one side of the edge as figure. This study demonstrates that even a single brief glance at a novel edge gives rise to an implicit memory regarding which side was seen as figure; this edge complex enters into the figure assignment process the next time the edge is encountered, both speeding same-different judgments when the figural side is repeated and slowing these judgments when the new figural side is identical to the former ground side (Experiments 1A and 1B). These results were obtained even when the facing direction of the repeated edge was mirror reversed (Experiment 2). This study shows that implicit measures can reveal the effects of past experience on figure assignment, following a single prior exposure to a novel shape, and supports a competitive model of figure assignment in which past experience serves as one of many figural cues.

Reflections on Linguistic and Literary Colonization and Decolonization in Africa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eric Sellin

1991-01-01

Full Text Available Despite the cultural diversity found in Africa and the complexity ofthe psychology of the colonizer and the colonized, several fundamental facts emerge regarding the function of language and literature in recent African history. The colonizer sought to instill a sense of inferiority in the colonized as part of the dynamics of conquest, placing special emphasis on education and language. These notions, lucidly discussed by such social thinkers as O. Mannoni, Frantz Fanon, and Albert Memmi, have analogues in the defense of language everywhere where lingua-political oppression occurs, be it in colonial Africa or on an Arapaho reservation in the American West. What is especially significant about the forced acquisition of a European language is the fact that this very tool of oppression tended to become the total of unity and rebellion for the oppressed. From a political viewpoint, the acquisition of a European lingua-franca entailed such logistics of liberation as communication and collective identity which overrode regional and tribal differences. From a cultural viewpoint, the language which had been used to colonize the minds of Africans knew two phases: first, one of simple acquisition of both language and attendant literary forms and second, one in which the European language was warped or "bullied" to fit the author's African cultural impulses. In the second instance we have, as a result of code-mixing and the transfer of cultural factors, the emergence of a unique and vigorous literature. In itself, this literature may be appreciated qua literature, but we should not forget that the code-mixing is often as concerned with the rejection of the language of oppression and the restauration of indigenous values as it is with traditional literary self-expression, as, for example, in the two poems by Algerian poet Youcef Sebti which bear the titles "La Soleil" and "Le Lune," thereby pooh-poohing sacrosanct French grammar by reversing the genders of

Literary Returns: HENRIETTE YVONNE STAHL or the Fate of an Exceptional Woman to the Backdrop of Dramatic History

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Constanţa-Valentina MIHĂILĂ

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The history of the Romanian literature includes writers who, without being leading writers, have modern readers and success on the market. Henriette Yvonne Stahl crossed almost whole 20th century, with all his historical events, wrote nine novels, two volumes of short novels, a volume of poems and performed the translation of ten masterpieces from eight writers. Although she was native French speaker, the writer has created only in Romanian language and never ceased on being Romanian citizen. The men from her life, Ion Vinea and Petru Dumitriu, had in her an incentive of their talent and a formidable critic. The disease was the background of her existence, but this did not spare her from the communist prison experience. Without being enroll in some literary circle or some fancy literary orientation, without writing memories or being diarist, she spread her ego and her experiences throughout his entire opera, and she kept her aristocratic halo and her principles till the end of her life.

Excerpt from Dead Stars: American and Philippine Literary Perspectives on the American Colonization of the Philippines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jennifer M. McMahon

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Dead Stars: American and Philippine Literary Perspectives on the American Colonization of the Philippines examines the American colonization of the Philippines from three distinct but related literary perspectives. The first is the reaction of anti-imperialist American writers Mark Twain, W. E. B. Du Bois, and William James to America’s first foray into the role of colonizer and how their varied essays, letters, and speeches provide an incisive delineation of fundamental conflicts in American identity at the turn of the twentieth century. The book then analyzes how these same conflicts surface in the colonial regime’s use of American literature as a tool to inculcate American values in the colonial educational system. Finally, Dead Stars considers the way three early and important Filipino writers—Paz Marquez Benitez, Maximo Kalaw, and Juan C. Laya—interpret and represent these same tensions in their fiction.

Teaching cultural competence using an exemplar from literary journalism.

Science.gov (United States)

Anderson, Kathryn L

2004-06-01

Fadiman's work of literary journalism, The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down, was used as a case study to teach transcultural and other nursing concepts to undergraduate nursing students. Campinha-Bacote's model of cultural competence was used to organize transcultural nursing concepts in the course. Before and after the course, students completed assessments consisting of two cultural attitude questionnaires and a paper describing a personal experience with adherence and failure to adhere by a Mexican American client. After reading Fadiman's book and completing several short writing assignments examining key course concepts, student scores on the questionnaires were mostly unchanged. However, students demonstrated growth in cultural awareness and skill in their "after" papers. Results suggest that valid, reliable tools are needed to detect changes in cultural competence. Qualitative data suggest that students can begin the process of becoming culturally competent through the creative use of literature in nursing education.

A search asymmetry reversed by figure-ground assignment.

Science.gov (United States)

Humphreys, G W; Müller, H

2000-05-01

We report evidence demonstrating that a search asymmetry favoring concave over convex targets can be reversed by altering the figure-ground assignment of edges in shapes. Visual search for a concave target among convex distractors is faster than search for a convex target among concave distractors (a search asymmetry). By using shapes with ambiguous local figure-ground relations, we demonstrated that search can be efficient (with search slopes around 10 ms/item) or inefficient (with search slopes around 30-40 ms/item) with the same stimuli, depending on whether edges are assigned to concave or convex "figures." This assignment process can operate in a top-down manner, according to the task set. The results suggest that attention is allocated to spatial regions following the computation of figure-ground relations in parallel across the elements present. This computation can also be modulated by top-down processes.

The receptions of literary disputes against heretics in Josephite literacy (based on «The Word about the Incarnation» by Daniel Metropolitan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

IY. STARIKOV

2014-04-01

Full Text Available The article investigates the literary controversy in the Russian Church in the fi rst half of the XVI century. Author conducted a literary and textual analysis of one of the largest polemical writings of Metropolitan Daniel of Moscow — «The word of the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ.» This work was part of the composition «Sobornik slov» of Metropolitan Daniel, however, was never published and attracted the attention of researchers. At the same time it is the only writing in ancient russian literacy, where polemics with «netlennomnimaya» heresy, in which during the council in 1531, Daniel has accused the prince-monk Vassian (Patrikeev. The author established the county direct textual relationship «Sudnoe delo» of Vassian from «the Incarnation of the Word.» In addition, based on the study of ancient lists of «Words» author identifi ed the major literary devices and methods of Josephite polemicists school in the beginning of XVI century. «The word of the Incarnation» and many other works of Metropolitan Daniel examined in the paper as complex literary works, where identifies several levels of meaning. Analysis of a compilation of the «Word» has allowed the author to identify the strict sequence of citing biblical and patristic texts, and to identify the logic of argument advocated by Metropolitan Daniel. In this regard, the author attempts to refute the preconceived idea that the scribes Josephite schools were compilers, and destitute of original art. The author came to conclusion that existing in the national historiography technique of studying polemical writings of Russian medieval writers is in need of major changes.

INFORMATIONAL MODEL OF MENTAL ROTATION OF FIGURES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. A. Lyakhovetskiy

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Subject of Study.The subject of research is the information structure of objects internal representations and operations over them, used by man to solve the problem of mental rotation of figures. To analyze this informational structure we considered not only classical dependencies of the correct answers on the angle of rotation, but also the other dependencies obtained recently in cognitive psychology. Method.The language of technical computing Matlab R2010b was used for developing information model of the mental rotation of figures. Such model parameters as the number of bits in the internal representation, an error probability in a single bit, discrete rotation angle, comparison threshold, and the degree of difference during rotation can be changed. Main Results.The model reproduces qualitatively such psychological dependencies as the linear increase of time of correct answers and the number of errors on the angle of rotation for identical figures, "flat" dependence of the time of correct answers and the number of errors on the angle of rotation for mirror-like figures. The simulation results suggest that mental rotation is an iterative process of finding a match between the two figures, each step of which can lead to a significant distortion of the internal representation of the stored objects. Matching is carried out within the internal representations that have no high invariance to rotation angle. Practical Significance.The results may be useful for understanding the role of learning (including the learning with a teacher in the development of effective information representation and operations on them in artificial intelligence systems.

Rheumatology in the Italian literary fiction: “La Longobarda” by Giorgio Conconi (1999

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. Marson

2011-09-01

Full Text Available In the literary fiction “La Longobarda” by Giorgio Conconi (1999 the protagonist Linda narrates her life, when about fifty she falls ill because of arthritis, thus looking prematurely older and suffering from severe disturbances of body image. This fiction represents an uncommon case of contemporary literature dealing with rheumatological topics. In the present note, it has shown how literature can contribute in several ways to achievement in the human dimension of medicine, by teaching physician concrete and powerful lessons about the lives of sick people.

Neurons forming optic glomeruli compute figure-ground discriminations in Drosophila.

Science.gov (United States)

Aptekar, Jacob W; Keleş, Mehmet F; Lu, Patrick M; Zolotova, Nadezhda M; Frye, Mark A

2015-05-13

Many animals rely on visual figure-ground discrimination to aid in navigation, and to draw attention to salient features like conspecifics or predators. Even figures that are similar in pattern and luminance to the visual surroundings can be distinguished by the optical disparity generated by their relative motion against the ground, and yet the neural mechanisms underlying these visual discriminations are not well understood. We show in flies that a diverse array of figure-ground stimuli containing a motion-defined edge elicit statistically similar behavioral responses to one another, and statistically distinct behavioral responses from ground motion alone. From studies in larger flies and other insect species, we hypothesized that the circuitry of the lobula--one of the four, primary neuropiles of the fly optic lobe--performs this visual discrimination. Using calcium imaging of input dendrites, we then show that information encoded in cells projecting from the lobula to discrete optic glomeruli in the central brain group these sets of figure-ground stimuli in a homologous manner to the behavior; "figure-like" stimuli are coded similar to one another and "ground-like" stimuli are encoded differently. One cell class responds to the leading edge of a figure and is suppressed by ground motion. Two other classes cluster any figure-like stimuli, including a figure moving opposite the ground, distinctly from ground alone. This evidence demonstrates that lobula outputs provide a diverse basis set encoding visual features necessary for figure detection. Copyright © 2015 the authors 0270-6474/15/357587-13$15.00/0.

Penicillin: the medicine with the greatest impact on therapeutic outcomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Kardos, Nelson; Demain, Arnold L

2011-11-01

The principal point of this paper is that the discovery of penicillin and the development of the supporting technologies in microbiology and chemical engineering leading to its commercial scale production represent it as the medicine with the greatest impact on therapeutic outcomes. Our nomination of penicillin for the top therapeutic molecule rests on two lines of evidence concerning the impact of this event: (1) the magnitude of the therapeutic outcomes resulting from the clinical application of penicillin and the subsequent widespread use of antibiotics and (2) the technologies developed for production of penicillin, including both microbial strain selection and improvement plus chemical engineering methods responsible for successful submerged fermentation production. These became the basis for production of all subsequent antibiotics in use today. These same technologies became the model for the development and production of new types of bioproducts (i.e., anticancer agents, monoclonal antibodies, and industrial enzymes). The clinical impact of penicillin was large and immediate. By ushering in the widespread clinical use of antibiotics, penicillin was responsible for enabling the control of many infectious diseases that had previously burdened mankind, with subsequent impact on global population demographics. Moreover, the large cumulative public effect of the many new antibiotics and new bioproducts that were developed and commercialized on the basis of the science and technology after penicillin demonstrates that penicillin had the greatest therapeutic impact event of all times. © Springer-Verlag 2011

Competition-strength-dependent ground suppression in figure-ground perception.

Science.gov (United States)

Salvagio, Elizabeth; Cacciamani, Laura; Peterson, Mary A

2012-07-01

Figure-ground segregation is modeled as inhibitory competition between objects that might be perceived on opposite sides of borders. The winner is the figure; the loser is suppressed, and its location is perceived as shapeless ground. Evidence of ground suppression would support inhibitory competition models and would contribute to explaining why grounds are shapeless near borders shared with figures, yet such evidence is scarce. We manipulated whether competition from potential objects on the ground side of figures was high (i.e., portions of familiar objects were potentially present there) or low (novel objects were potentially present). We predicted that greater competition would produce more ground suppression. The results of two experiments in which suppression was assessed via judgments of the orientation of target bars confirmed this prediction; a third experiment showed that ground suppression is short-lived. Our findings support inhibitory competition models of figure assignment, in particular, and models of visual perception entailing feedback, in general.

General Roots, General Spirituality: Literary Interrelations of Literatures in the Aspect of Cultural Dialogue

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guluza Ilyasovna Gimadieva

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the works of Turkic writers, including Tatar and Turkmen, in which a close interaction is clearly manifested at the synchronic and diachronic levels. Using the example of such works as the heroic epos "Manas", "Kitaby Dede Korkut" of Oguzes, as well as the poems of "Kissa-i Yusuf" by Kul Gali, the works of Turkmen writers Berdy Kerbabaev, Makhtumkuli, Zahir Bigiyev, Shakir Muhammadov, the literary and cultural interrelations of the Turkic peoples are revealed. The Turkmen poet Makhtumkuli is among them. There is information about the distribution of his works among the Tatars in manuscripts, some works were published in pre-revolutionary Tatar publications. The article deals with the history of creation, study, analysis and publication of the poems by Makhtumkuli in Tatar and Turkmen languages. Some of Mahtumkuli's works are in the library collections of Kazan, St. Petersburg, Ufa, as well as in private collections. Thus, the article concludes that despite the national differences of the Turkic peoples, they are united by common literary roots, common goals and interests, moral, spiritual and cultural values. The fact that the literature of the Turkic peoples is characterized by an abundance of authors and works, a variety of genres and poetic forms, ideological and thematic riches and a high artistic level is confirmed once again.

Logo design: examining consumer response to figurativeness across cultures

OpenAIRE

Machado, Joana César; Vacas de Carvalho, Leonor; Torres, Anna; Van de Velden, Michel; Costa, Patrício

2014-01-01

Literature concerned with logo strategy suggests that the aesthetic appeal of brand logo significantly influences consumer reactions. The main purpose of this research is to study the influence of the different categories of figurative logo designs on consumer response. Through two studies in three countries, this research sheds light on consumer logo preferences, by investigating the psychological properties of the figurativeness of logo design. Results showed that figurativeness is an essen...

Globally inconsistent figure/ground relations induced by a negative part.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Sung-Ho; Feldman, Jacob

2009-09-10

Figure/ground interpretation is a dynamic and complex process involving the cooperation and competition of a number of perceptual factors. Most research has assumed that figure/ground assignment is globally consistent along the entire contour of a single figure, meaning that the one side of each boundary is interpreted as figure along the entire length of the boundary, and the other side interpreted as ground. We investigated a situation that challenges this assumption, because local cues to figure/ground conflict with global cues: a "negative part," a contour region that appears locally convex but that the global form requires be concave. To measure figure/ground assignment, we use a new task based on local contour motion attribution that allows us to measure border ownership locally at points along the contour. The results from two experiments showed that the more salient a negative part is, the more border ownership tended to locally reverse within it, creating an inconsistency in figure/ground assignments along the contour. This suggests that border ownership assignment is not an all-or-none process, but rather a locally autonomous process that is not strictly constrained by global cues.

Biased figure-ground assignment affects conscious object recognition in spatial neglect.

Science.gov (United States)

Eramudugolla, Ranmalee; Driver, Jon; Mattingley, Jason B

2010-09-01

Unilateral spatial neglect is a disorder of attention and spatial representation, in which early visual processes such as figure-ground segmentation have been assumed to be largely intact. There is evidence, however, that the spatial attention bias underlying neglect can bias the segmentation of a figural region from its background. Relatively few studies have explicitly examined the effect of spatial neglect on processing the figures that result from such scene segmentation. Here, we show that a neglect patient's bias in figure-ground segmentation directly influences his conscious recognition of these figures. By varying the relative salience of figural and background regions in static, two-dimensional displays, we show that competition between elements in such displays can modulate a neglect patient's ability to recognise parsed figures in a scene. The findings provide insight into the interaction between scene segmentation, explicit object recognition, and attention.

Figure Structure, Figure Action, and Framing in Drawings by American and Egyptian Children.

Science.gov (United States)

Wilson, Brent; Wilson, Marjorie

1979-01-01

The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction of biological unfolding and culturally related factors on sequences of narrative figure drawings by American and Egyptian elementary students. Findings support hypotheses relating to the interaction of natural and nurtural influences on children's drawings. (Author/SJL)

Feedback Enhances Feedforward Figure-Ground Segmentation by Changing Firing Mode

Science.gov (United States)

Supèr, Hans; Romeo, August

2011-01-01

In the visual cortex, feedback projections are conjectured to be crucial in figure-ground segregation. However, the precise function of feedback herein is unclear. Here we tested a hypothetical model of reentrant feedback. We used a previous developed 2-layered feedforwardspiking network that is able to segregate figure from ground and included feedback connections. Our computer model data show that without feedback, neurons respond with regular low-frequency (∼9 Hz) bursting to a figure-ground stimulus. After including feedback the firing pattern changed into a regular (tonic) spiking pattern. In this state, we found an extra enhancement of figure responses and a further suppression of background responses resulting in a stronger figure-ground signal. Such push-pull effect was confirmed by comparing the figure-ground responses withthe responses to a homogenous texture. We propose that feedback controlsfigure-ground segregation by influencing the neural firing patterns of feedforward projecting neurons. PMID:21738747

KAJIAN GENDER PADA NOVEL KARYA NAWAL EL SAADAWI DAN SUTAN TAKDIR ALISJAHBANA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Deffi Syahfitri Ritonga

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The negative view about women was a result of sheer misunderstanding over religious teachings and cultural construction of gender bias. It became one of the major causes for women’s weak positions in both society and religion. The female figure was often misconstrued either in the pattern of her body or in her relation patterns with men. This article was expected to uncover the figure of a woman through the perspectives of two authors, male and female (authors, represented in literary works. The research method used descriptive qualitative comparative in which it revealed the texts referring to the views of both authors on women through feminist theory of literary criticism.DOI : 10.15408/a.v3i1.2976

Effects of orientation on Rey complex figure performance.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferraro, F Richard; Grossman, Jennifer; Bren, Amy; Hoverson, Allysa

2002-10-01

An experiment was performed that examined the impact of stimulus orientation on performance on the Rey complex figure. A total of 48 undergraduates (24 men, 24 women) were randomly assigned to one of four Rey figure orientation groups (0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees ). Participants followed standard procedures for the Rey figure, initially copying it in whatever orientation group they were assigned to. Next, all participants performed a 15-20 min lexical decision experiment, used as a filler task. Finally, and unbeknownest to them, participants were asked to recall as much of the figure as they could. As expected, results revealed a main effect of Task (F = 83.92, p orientation was not significant, nor did orientation interact with task (Fs .57). The results are important from an applied setting, especially if testing conditions are less than optimal and a fixed stimulus position is not possible (e.g., testing at the bedside).

Uvod u alegoriju: aliud verbis, aliud sensu

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ružica Pšihistal

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Introduction to Allegory: Aliud Verbis, Aliud Sensu The unclear and dispersive content of allegory as a figure which presents one thing in words and another in meaning with its etymology and rhetorical definitions (aliud verbis, aliud sensu; its protean rhetorical-stylistic, hermeneutic, and generic character; and its substantial presence in aesthetically rich literary texts, from canonic texts and philosophical and didactic poems and tractates, all the way to trivial and referential genres-eludes disciplined investigation of allegory within the framework of just one scientific field. In the history of allegory there are records of different humanistic, scientific paradigms with varying emphasis, which for heuristic purposes can be broken down into several focal points: rhetorical-stylistic facticity of allegory, receptive process of reading/interpreting allegory, allegory as a literary type/category. By following the denoted focal points, along with exploring the theoretical-historical heritage, this study investigates the (figurative tropological, hermeneutic and literary-theoretical content of allegory and thereby begins to open a significantly broader investigative field.

Erwin Schrödinger's Poetry

Science.gov (United States)

Sofronieva, Tzveta

2014-03-01

Many of the major figures in the history of science have produced literary works, but the relationship between their poetic texts and their scientific work is often underestimated. This paper illuminates the poetry of Erwin Schrödinger—one of the premier figures in twentieth-century science, and an accomplished poet in both English and his native German. It discusses existing perceptions of his poetry and challenges the assumptions that his poetic work was a mere hobby unrelated to his other achievements by focusing on the interplay between poetic images and scientific ideas in his German-language poems. It emphasizes that more research is needed on the understated role of bilingualism and of—often marginalized—writing in an adopted language in science and in poetry, with the premise that this feature of Schrödinger's life deserves more study. It argues that Schrödinger's literary imagination and his bilingualism are an integral part of his approach to reality and considers Schrödinger's literary work to be an important aspect of his intellectual heritage.

School Issues Under [Section] 504 and the ADA: The Latest and Greatest.

Science.gov (United States)

Aleman, Steven R.

This paper highlights recent guidance and rulings from the Office of Civil Rights (OCR) of interest to administrators, advocates, and attorneys. It is a companion piece to Student Issues on SectionNB504/ADA: The Latest and Greatest. Compliance with SectionNB504 and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) continues to involve debate and dialog on…

Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Join the Cause alz.org >> Alzheimer's & Dementia >> Home Text size: A A A 2018 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures Download the full report: Download the Infographic: English Spanish Share the ...

Temporal dynamics of figure-ground segregation in human vision.

Science.gov (United States)

Neri, Peter; Levi, Dennis M

2007-01-01

The segregation of figure from ground is arguably one of the most fundamental operations in human vision. Neural signals reflecting this operation appear in cortex as early as 50 ms and as late as 300 ms after presentation of a visual stimulus, but it is not known when these signals are used by the brain to construct the percepts of figure and ground. We used psychophysical reverse correlation to identify the temporal window for figure-ground signals in human perception and found it to lie within the range of 100-160 ms. Figure enhancement within this narrow temporal window was transient rather than sustained as may be expected from measurements in single neurons. These psychophysical results prompt and guide further electrophysiological studies.

A feedback model of figure-ground assignment.

Science.gov (United States)

Domijan, Drazen; Setić, Mia

2008-05-30

A computational model is proposed in order to explain how bottom-up and top-down signals are combined into a unified perception of figure and background. The model is based on the interaction between the ventral and the dorsal stream. The dorsal stream computes saliency based on boundary signals provided by the simple and the complex cortical cells. Output from the dorsal stream is projected to the surface network which serves as a blackboard on which the surface representation is formed. The surface network is a recurrent network which segregates different surfaces by assigning different firing rates to them. The figure is labeled by the maximal firing rate. Computer simulations showed that the model correctly assigns figural status to the surface with a smaller size, a greater contrast, convexity, surroundedness, horizontal-vertical orientation and a higher spatial frequency content. The simple gradient of activity in the dorsal stream enables the simulation of the new principles of the lower region and the top-bottom polarity. The model also explains how the exogenous attention and the endogenous attention may reverse the figural assignment. Due to the local excitation in the surface network, neural activity at the cued region will spread over the whole surface representation. Therefore, the model implements the object-based attentional selection.

Determination of the crystallite orientation distribution from direct pole figures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Araujo Gomes, P.A.M. de.

1977-01-01

A method is described which allows to calculate the crystallite orientation distribution in polycrystalline material, from direct pole figures data of its crystallographic planes (Roe's Method). The programme was applied to (1010), (0002), (1011) and (1120) complete pole figures data for a commercial, thin sheet Zircaloy-4 tubing specimen. A semi-automatic Rigaku-Denki texture goniometer, which scans the reciprocal lattice sphere pointwise outputting the data in a punched tape, was used to obtain the pole figures. This is consistent with the results obtained through direct conclusion from the pole figures. (author)

Plotter of pole figure using data from x-ray diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lima, A.F.

1990-01-01

Any polycrystalline aggregate normally has a preferred crystallographic orientation, or texture which depends on its thermal and or mechanical history. Preferred orientation is best described by means of a pole figure. A pole figure is a stereographic projection which shows the variation in pole density with pole orientation, for a selected set of crystal planes. In this work, computer programs was developed to plot pole figures. The corrected intensities are calculated and directly transmitted to the plotter. The different intensities levels are represented by different colors in the pole figure. (author)

On the Use of Literary Texts in the Daf Lesson with the Example of Heinrich Boell's Short Story "Die Blasse Anna" with a Focus on Writing on a B2 Level

Science.gov (United States)

Ghorabi, Yassamin Ostad A.; Haddadi, Mohammad Hossein

2017-01-01

For the promotion and optimization of teaching foreign languages, new methods and strategies are always considered that include literary texts. The aim of the present paper is to provide arguments for the use of literature in the classroom. Learning target areas and selection criteria for the use of literary texts in the classroom are presented. A…

The Use and Abuse of Human Figure Drawings.

Science.gov (United States)

Motta, Robert W.; And Others

1993-01-01

Notes widespread use of human figure drawings to describe and predict psychological functioning. Reviews data-based studies on figure drawings and concludes that there is little support for their validity or for their use as devices to assess personality, behavior, emotion, or intellectual functioning. Presents ease of administration and anecdotal…

Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures

Science.gov (United States)

... Dementia >> Home Text size: A A A 2018 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures Download the full report: ... twice as high. Invest in a world without Alzheimer's. Donate Caregivers Eighty-three percent of the help ...

Contextual effects on perceived contrast: figure-ground assignment and orientation contrast.

Science.gov (United States)

Self, Matthew W; Mookhoek, Aart; Tjalma, Nienke; Roelfsema, Pieter R

2015-02-02

Figure-ground segregation is an important step in the path leading to object recognition. The visual system segregates objects ('figures') in the visual scene from their backgrounds ('ground'). Electrophysiological studies in awake-behaving monkeys have demonstrated that neurons in early visual areas increase their firing rate when responding to a figure compared to responding to the background. We hypothesized that similar changes in neural firing would take place in early visual areas of the human visual system, leading to changes in the perception of low-level visual features. In this study, we investigated whether contrast perception is affected by figure-ground assignment using stimuli similar to those in the electrophysiological studies in monkeys. We measured contrast discrimination thresholds and perceived contrast for Gabor probes placed on figures or the background and found that the perceived contrast of the probe was increased when it was placed on a figure. Furthermore, we tested how this effect compared with the well-known effect of orientation contrast on perceived contrast. We found that figure-ground assignment and orientation contrast produced changes in perceived contrast of a similar magnitude, and that they interacted. Our results demonstrate that figure-ground assignment influences perceived contrast, consistent with an effect of figure-ground assignment on activity in early visual areas of the human visual system. © 2015 ARVO.

Neural dynamics of feedforward and feedback processing in figure-ground segregation.

Science.gov (United States)

Layton, Oliver W; Mingolla, Ennio; Yazdanbakhsh, Arash

2014-01-01

Determining whether a region belongs to the interior or exterior of a shape (figure-ground segregation) is a core competency of the primate brain, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Many models assume that figure-ground segregation occurs by assembling progressively more complex representations through feedforward connections, with feedback playing only a modulatory role. We present a dynamical model of figure-ground segregation in the primate ventral stream wherein feedback plays a crucial role in disambiguating a figure's interior and exterior. We introduce a processing strategy whereby jitter in RF center locations and variation in RF sizes is exploited to enhance and suppress neural activity inside and outside of figures, respectively. Feedforward projections emanate from units that model cells in V4 known to respond to the curvature of boundary contours (curved contour cells), and feedback projections from units predicted to exist in IT that strategically group neurons with different RF sizes and RF center locations (teardrop cells). Neurons (convex cells) that preferentially respond when centered on a figure dynamically balance feedforward (bottom-up) information and feedback from higher visual areas. The activation is enhanced when an interior portion of a figure is in the RF via feedback from units that detect closure in the boundary contours of a figure. Our model produces maximal activity along the medial axis of well-known figures with and without concavities, and inside algorithmically generated shapes. Our results suggest that the dynamic balancing of feedforward signals with the specific feedback mechanisms proposed by the model is crucial for figure-ground segregation.

Dissociation of color and figure-ground effects in the watercolor illusion.

Science.gov (United States)

Von der Heydt, Rüdiger; Pierson, Rachel

2006-01-01

Two phenomena can be observed in the watercolor illusion: illusory color spreading and figure-ground organization. We performed experiments to determine whether the figure-ground effect is a consequence of the color illusion or due to an independent mechanism. Subjects were tested with displays consisting of six adjacent compartments--three that generated the illusion alternating with three that served for comparison. In a first set of experiments, the illusory color was measured by finding the matching physical color in the alternate compartments. Figureness (probability of 'figure' responses, 2AFC) of the watercolor compartments was then determined with and without the matching color in the alternate compartments. The color match reduced figureness, but did not abolish it. There was a range of colors in which the watercolor compartments dominated as figures over the alternate compartments although the latter appeared more saturated in color. In another experiment, the effect of tinting alternate compartments was measured in displays without watercolor illusion. Figureness increased with color contrast, but its value at the equivalent contrast fell short of the figureness value obtained for the watercolor pattern. Thus, in both experiments, figureness produced by the watercolor pattern was stronger than expected from the color effect, suggesting independent mechanisms. Considering the neurophysiology, we propose that the color illusion follows from the principles of representation of surface color in the visual cortex, while the figure-ground effect results from two mechanisms of border ownership assignment, one that is sensitive to asymmetric shape of edge profile, the other to consistency of color borders.

Neural dynamics of feedforward and feedback processing in figure-ground segregation

Science.gov (United States)

Layton, Oliver W.; Mingolla, Ennio; Yazdanbakhsh, Arash

2014-01-01

Determining whether a region belongs to the interior or exterior of a shape (figure-ground segregation) is a core competency of the primate brain, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Many models assume that figure-ground segregation occurs by assembling progressively more complex representations through feedforward connections, with feedback playing only a modulatory role. We present a dynamical model of figure-ground segregation in the primate ventral stream wherein feedback plays a crucial role in disambiguating a figure's interior and exterior. We introduce a processing strategy whereby jitter in RF center locations and variation in RF sizes is exploited to enhance and suppress neural activity inside and outside of figures, respectively. Feedforward projections emanate from units that model cells in V4 known to respond to the curvature of boundary contours (curved contour cells), and feedback projections from units predicted to exist in IT that strategically group neurons with different RF sizes and RF center locations (teardrop cells). Neurons (convex cells) that preferentially respond when centered on a figure dynamically balance feedforward (bottom-up) information and feedback from higher visual areas. The activation is enhanced when an interior portion of a figure is in the RF via feedback from units that detect closure in the boundary contours of a figure. Our model produces maximal activity along the medial axis of well-known figures with and without concavities, and inside algorithmically generated shapes. Our results suggest that the dynamic balancing of feedforward signals with the specific feedback mechanisms proposed by the model is crucial for figure-ground segregation. PMID:25346703

Distinguishing between Realistic and Fantastical Figures in Iran

Science.gov (United States)

Davoodi, Telli; Corriveau, Kathleen H.; Harris, Paul L.

2016-01-01

Children in the United States come to distinguish historical from fictional story figures between the ages of 3 and 5 years, guided by the plausibility of the story events surrounding the figure (Corriveau, Kim, Schwalen, & Harris, 2009; Woolley & Cox, 2007). However, U.S. children vary in their reactions to stories that include…

Altered figure-ground perception in monkeys with an extra-striate lesion.

Science.gov (United States)

Supèr, Hans; Lamme, Victor A F

2007-11-05

The visual system binds and segments the elements of an image into coherent objects and their surroundings. Recent findings demonstrate that primary visual cortex is involved in this process of figure-ground organization. In the primary visual cortex the late part of a neural response to a stimulus correlates with figure-ground segregation and perception. Such a late onset indicates an involvement of feedback projections from higher visual areas. To investigate the possible role of feedback in figure-ground perception we removed dorsal extra-striate areas of the monkey visual cortex. The findings show that figure-ground perception is reduced when the figure is presented in the lesioned hemifield and perception is normal when the figure appeared in the intact hemifield. In conclusion, our observations show the importance for recurrent processing in visual perception.

L’immoralità etica della letteratura

OpenAIRE

Finotti, Fabio

2015-01-01

Throughout Western history, literature has been frequently accused of immorality. The use of human language to speak about the world and not God, to figure an imaginary reality and not divine truth, to please the senses and not to lead the soul onto an ascetic path, determined mixed feelings towards literary activity in Christian civilization, from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment. In the writers themselves, the pride for their own literary accomplishments collided with a strong sense of ...

FedWeb Greatest Hits: Presenting the New Test Collection for Federated Web Search

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Demeester, Thomas; Trieschnigg, Rudolf Berend; Zhou, Ke; Nguyen, Dong-Phuong; Hiemstra, Djoerd

This paper presents 'FedWeb Greatest Hits', a large new test collection for research in web information retrieval. As a combination and extension of the datasets used in the TREC Federated Web Search Track, this collection opens up new research possibilities on federated web search challenges, as

Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Home Text size: A A A 2018 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures Download the full report: Download ... about memory loss? KNOW THE 10 SIGNS Alzheimer's Disease Facts in Each State The 2018 Alzheimer's Disease ...

Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... 2018 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures report contains data on the impact of this disease in every ... with third parties. Please read our security and privacy policy . Plan ahead Get help and support I ...

Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... home care. Take action. Become an advocate SPECIAL REPORT: FINANCIAL AND PERSONAL BENEFITS OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS Early ... State The 2018 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures report contains data on the impact of this disease ...

Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... THE 10 SIGNS Alzheimer's Disease Facts in Each State The 2018 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures report ... on the impact of this disease in every state across the nation. Click below to see the ...

Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... 272.3900 Donate Alzheimer's & Dementia What Is Alzheimer's? Brain Tour Younger/Early Onset Risk Factors Genetics Myths ... Dementia Korsakoff Syndrome Related Conditions CTE MCI Traumatic Brain Injury Facts and Figures Know the 10 Signs ...

Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Dementia >> Home Text size: A A A 2018 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures Download the full report: ... twice as high. Invest in a world without Alzheimer's. Donate Caregivers Eighty-three percent of the help ...

Figure drawing as an expression of self-esteem.

Science.gov (United States)

Coopersmith, S; Sakai, D; Beardslee, B; Coopersmith, A

1976-08-01

Figure drawings were obtained from 97 preadolescent males who differed in self and behavioral assessments of self-esteem. These subjects had been selected from a much larger sample and represented five different types of self-esteem. The figure drawings were scored for 15 variables, dealing with formal characteristics, content, and global-interpretations of the total drawings. Five significant differences were obtained, with the content and global-interpretative categories proving more differentiating between self-esteem groups than did the formal characteristics. Behavioral expressions of self-esteem were more associated with figure drawing characteristics than were subjective evaluations. Discussion focuses on the nature of self-concept and self-esteem in children as a sensorimotor rather than symbolic expression.

The electrophysiological correlate of saliency: evidence from a figure-detection task.

Science.gov (United States)

Straube, Sirko; Fahle, Manfred

2010-01-11

Although figure-ground segregation in a natural environment usually relies on multiple cues, we experience a coherent figure without usually noticing the individual single cues. It is still unclear how various cues interact to achieve this unified percept and whether this interaction depends on task demands. Studies investigating the effect of cue combination on the human EEG are still lacking. In the present study, we combined psychophysics, ERP and time-frequency analysis to investigate the interaction of orientation and spatial frequency as visual cues in a figure detection task. The figure was embedded in a matrix of Gabor elements, and we systematically varied figure saliency by changing the underlying cue configuration. We found a strong correlation between the posterior P2 amplitude and the perceived saliency of the figure: the P2 amplitude decreased with increasing saliency. Analogously, the power of the theta-band decreased for more salient figures. At longer latencies, the posterior P3 component was modulated in amplitude and latency, possibly reflecting increased decision confidence at higher saliencies. In conclusion, when the cue composition (e.g. one or two cues) or cue strength is changed in a figure detection task, first differences in the electrophysiological response reflect the perceived saliency and not directly the underlying cue configuration.

Figure 1. Associations between pre-ART clinical and laboratory ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

First page Back Continue Last page Graphics. Figure 1. Associations between pre-ART clinical and laboratory characteristics with subsequent TB-IRIS events. Figure 1. Associations between pre-ART clinical and laboratory characteristics with subsequent TB-IRIS events.

Creating Spaces for the Development of Critical Awareness through Literature: The Methodological Anatomy of "Literary Texts in English"

Science.gov (United States)

Aceituno, Yolanda Caballero

2011-01-01

Most students of the joint degree in "English Philology and Tourism," taught at the University of Jaén (Spain), usually complain about the fact that the teaching of literature is sometimes reduced to the theoretical study of literary periods and bio-bibliographical data about authors. This approach overlooks one of the main functions of…

Reading the World's Classics Critically: A Keyword-Based Approach to Literary Analysis in Foreign Language Studies

Science.gov (United States)

García, Nuria Alonso; Caplan, Alison

2014-01-01

While there are a number of important critical pedagogies being proposed in the field of foreign language study, more attention should be given to providing concrete examples of how to apply these ideas in the classroom. This article offers a new approach to the textual analysis of literary classics through the keyword-based methodology originally…

Full text and figure display improves bioscience literature search.

Science.gov (United States)

Divoli, Anna; Wooldridge, Michael A; Hearst, Marti A

2010-04-14

When reading bioscience journal articles, many researchers focus attention on the figures and their captions. This observation led to the development of the BioText literature search engine, a freely available Web-based application that allows biologists to search over the contents of Open Access Journals, and see figures from the articles displayed directly in the search results. This article presents a qualitative assessment of this system in the form of a usability study with 20 biologist participants using and commenting on the system. 19 out of 20 participants expressed a desire to use a bioscience literature search engine that displays articles' figures alongside the full text search results. 15 out of 20 participants said they would use a caption search and figure display interface either frequently or sometimes, while 4 said rarely and 1 said undecided. 10 out of 20 participants said they would use a tool for searching the text of tables and their captions either frequently or sometimes, while 7 said they would use it rarely if at all, 2 said they would never use it, and 1 was undecided. This study found evidence, supporting results of an earlier study, that bioscience literature search systems such as PubMed should show figures from articles alongside search results. It also found evidence that full text and captions should be searched along with the article title, metadata, and abstract. Finally, for a subset of users and information needs, allowing for explicit search within captions for figures and tables is a useful function, but it is not entirely clear how to cleanly integrate this within a more general literature search interface. Such a facility supports Open Access publishing efforts, as it requires access to full text of documents and the lifting of restrictions in order to show figures in the search interface.

Full text and figure display improves bioscience literature search.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Divoli

Full Text Available When reading bioscience journal articles, many researchers focus attention on the figures and their captions. This observation led to the development of the BioText literature search engine, a freely available Web-based application that allows biologists to search over the contents of Open Access Journals, and see figures from the articles displayed directly in the search results. This article presents a qualitative assessment of this system in the form of a usability study with 20 biologist participants using and commenting on the system. 19 out of 20 participants expressed a desire to use a bioscience literature search engine that displays articles' figures alongside the full text search results. 15 out of 20 participants said they would use a caption search and figure display interface either frequently or sometimes, while 4 said rarely and 1 said undecided. 10 out of 20 participants said they would use a tool for searching the text of tables and their captions either frequently or sometimes, while 7 said they would use it rarely if at all, 2 said they would never use it, and 1 was undecided. This study found evidence, supporting results of an earlier study, that bioscience literature search systems such as PubMed should show figures from articles alongside search results. It also found evidence that full text and captions should be searched along with the article title, metadata, and abstract. Finally, for a subset of users and information needs, allowing for explicit search within captions for figures and tables is a useful function, but it is not entirely clear how to cleanly integrate this within a more general literature search interface. Such a facility supports Open Access publishing efforts, as it requires access to full text of documents and the lifting of restrictions in order to show figures in the search interface.

The Vanished Child: An inquiry into figures and their modes of appearance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bertrand Gervais

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Sophie Calle's texts are elaborate devices that facilitate the production of figures, of complex symbolic entities. In fact, her work enables us to better understand how figures emerge and unfold in the imaginary. Thus, we find in her Disparitions (Disappearances, a startling figure, which we can name the "Vanished Child". I will present this figure and explain how it stems from the description of a painting by Rembrandt, stolen at the Gardner Museum in Boston. I will start by identifying some of the essential processes implied in the identification of a figure, and, to do so, I will give two short examples, drawn from Witold Gombrowicz and Don DeLillo. Then, after having described in details the figure of the Vanished Child, I will argue, following the French art historian Georges Didi-Huberman in his reading of Walter Benjamin, that figures are auratic objects. Dans ses textes, Sophie Calle emploie des techniques détaillées qui facilitent la production de figures, d'entités symboliques complexes. Son œuvre nous permet effectivement de mieux comprendre comment les figures émergent et se déploient dans l'imaginaire. Ainsi, nous trouvons dans ses Disparitions (Disappearances une figure surprenante que nous pouvons désigner comme « l'enfant disparu ». Je présenterai cette figure en expliquant comment elle découle de la description d'un tableau de Rembrandt volé au musée Gardner à Boston. J'identifierai d'abord quelques-uns des procédés essentiels à l'identification d'une figure, et pour ce faire je donnerai deux exemples, tirés des œuvres de Witold Gombrowicz et Don DeLillo. Puis je décrirai de façon détaillée la figure de l'enfant disparu, avant de démontrer le caractère auratique des figures à partir de la lecture de Walter Benjamin qu'exécute l'historien de l'art français Georges Didi-Huberman.

The greatest challenges reported by long-term colorectal cancer survivors with stomas.

Science.gov (United States)

McMullen, Carmit K; Hornbrook, Mark C; Grant, Marcia; Baldwin, Carol M; Wendel, Christopher S; Mohler, M Jane; Altschuler, Andrea; Ramirez, Michelle; Krouse, Robert S

2008-04-01

This paper presents a qualitative analysis of the greatest challenges reported by long-term colorectal cancer survivors with ostomies. Surveys that included an open-ended question about challenges of living with an ostomy were administered at three Kaiser Permanente regions: Northern California, Northwest, and Hawaii. The study was coordinated at the Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Health Care System in Tucson. The City of Hope Quality of Life Model for Ostomy Patients provided a framework for the study's design, measures, data collection, and data analysis. The study's findings may be generalized broadly to community settings across the United States. Results replicate those of previous research among veterans, California members of the United Ostomy Association, Koreans with ostomies, and colorectal cancer survivors with ostomies residing in the United Kingdom. The greatest challenges reported by 178 colorectal cancer survivors with ostomies confirmed the Institute of Medicine's findings that survivorship is a distinct, chronic phase of cancer care and that cancer's effects are broad and pervasive. The challenges reported by study participants should inform the design, testing and integration of targeted education, early interventions, and ongoing support services for colorectal cancer patients with ostomies.

Approaching Borderlands. Literary Representation of the Border in the Novel Their dogs came with them by Helena María Viramontes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Markéta Riebová

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Using three mutually interwoven theoretical approaches, the article analyses the complexity of the borderlands space in the literary representation of Los Angeles in the novel Their dogs came with them by Helena Maria Viramontes.

Professional training in creative writing is associated with enhanced fronto-striatal activity in a literary text continuation task.

Science.gov (United States)

Erhard, K; Kessler, F; Neumann, N; Ortheil, H-J; Lotze, M

2014-10-15

The aim of the present study was to explore brain activities associated with creativity and expertise in literary writing. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we applied a real-life neuroscientific setting that consisted of different writing phases (brainstorming and creative writing; reading and copying as control conditions) to well-selected expert writers and to an inexperienced control group. During creative writing, experts showed cerebral activation in a predominantly left-hemispheric fronto-parieto-temporal network. When compared to inexperienced writers, experts showed increased left caudate nucleus and left dorsolateral and superior medial prefrontal cortex activation. In contrast, less experienced participants recruited increasingly bilateral visual areas. During creative writing activation in the right cuneus showed positive association with the creativity index in expert writers. High experience in creative writing seems to be associated with a network of prefrontal (mPFC and DLPFC) and basal ganglia (caudate) activation. In addition, our findings suggest that high verbal creativity specific to literary writing increases activation in the right cuneus associated with increased resources obtained for reading processes. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Inhibitory competition in figure-ground perception: context and convexity.

Science.gov (United States)

Peterson, Mary A; Salvagio, Elizabeth

2008-12-15

Convexity has long been considered a potent cue as to which of two regions on opposite sides of an edge is the shaped figure. Experiment 1 shows that for a single edge, there is only a weak bias toward seeing the figure on the convex side. Experiments 1-3 show that the bias toward seeing the convex side as figure increases as the number of edges delimiting alternating convex and concave regions increases, provided that the concave regions are homogeneous in color. The results of Experiments 2 and 3 rule out a probability summation explanation for these context effects. Taken together, the results of Experiments 1-3 show that the homogeneity versus heterogeneity of the convex regions is irrelevant. Experiment 4 shows that homogeneity of alternating regions is not sufficient for context effects; a cue that favors the perception of the intervening regions as figures is necessary. Thus homogeneity alone does not alone operate as a background cue. We interpret our results within a model of figure-ground perception in which shape properties on opposite sides of an edge compete for representation and the competitive strength of weak competitors is further reduced when they are homogeneous.

Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Dementia >> Home Text size: A A A 2018 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures Download the full report: Download ... worried about memory loss? KNOW THE 10 SIGNS Alzheimer's Disease Facts in Each State The 2018 Alzheimer's Disease ...

Figure-ground organization and object recognition processes: an interactive account.

Science.gov (United States)

Vecera, S P; O'Reilly, R C

1998-04-01

Traditional bottom-up models of visual processing assume that figure-ground organization precedes object recognition. This assumption seems logically necessary: How can object recognition occur before a region is labeled as figure? However, some behavioral studies find that familiar regions are more likely to be labeled figure than less familiar regions, a problematic finding for bottom-up models. An interactive account is proposed in which figure-ground processes receive top-down input from object representations in a hierarchical system. A graded, interactive computational model is presented that accounts for behavioral results in which familiarity effects are found. The interactive model offers an alternative conception of visual processing to bottom-up models.