Probing the design of grand unification through conservation laws

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pati, J.C.

1981-01-01

The purpose of this talk is to note a few special consequences of gauging ''maximal'' quark-lepton symmetries such as SO(16), which is the maximal symmetry for a single family of fermions. Within these symmetries, violations for B, L and F are spontaneous rather than explicit. Furthermore these symmetries as a rule permit intermediate mass scales approx.(10 3 -10 6 GeV) and (10 8 -10 11 GeV) filling the so-called grand plateau between 10 2 and 10 15 GeV. It has been shown in earlier papers that within these symmetries proton may decay via four alternative models: i.e. proton→one or three leptons or antileptons plus mesons; some of which can coexist. It is now observed that even n-n-bar oscillations can coexist with (B-L) conserving proton-decays of the type p→e + π 0 etc. without posing any conflict with the cosmological generation of baryon-excess; both these processes can possess measurable strengths so as to be amenable to forthcoming searches. Search for alternative decay modes of proton and n-n-bar oscillations, even as processes in second and third generation experiments, would provide valuable information on the question of intermediate mass-scales and thereby on the design of grand unification

Low-scale gaugino mass unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Endo, M.; Yoshioka, K.

2008-04-01

We present a new class of scenarios with the gaugino mass unification at the weak scale. The unification conditions are generally classified and then, the mirage gauge mediation is explored where gaugino masses are naturally unified and scalar partners of quarks and leptons have no mass hierarchy. The low-energy mass spectrum is governed by the mirage of unified gauge coupling which is seen by low-energy observers. We also study several explicit models for dynamically realizing the TeV-scale unification. (orig.)

Low-scale gaugino mass unification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Endo, M [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Yoshioka, K [Kyoto Univ. (Japan). Dept. of Physics

2008-04-15

We present a new class of scenarios with the gaugino mass unification at the weak scale. The unification conditions are generally classified and then, the mirage gauge mediation is explored where gaugino masses are naturally unified and scalar partners of quarks and leptons have no mass hierarchy. The low-energy mass spectrum is governed by the mirage of unified gauge coupling which is seen by low-energy observers. We also study several explicit models for dynamically realizing the TeV-scale unification. (orig.)

Local grand unification and string theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nilles, Hans Peter; Vaudrevange, Patrick K.S.

2009-09-01

The low energy effective action of string theory depends strongly on the process of compactification and the localization of fields in extra dimensions. Explicit string constructions towards the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) reveal interesting results leading to the concept of local grand unification. Properties of the MSSM indicate that we might live at a special location close to an orbifold fixed point rather than a generic point in Calabi-Yau moduli space. We observe an enhancement of (discrete) symmetries that have various implications for the properties of the MSSM such as proton stability as well as solutions to the flavor problem, the m-problem and the strong CP-problem. (orig.)

Local grand unification in the heterotic landscape

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schmidt, Jonas

2009-06-01

We consider the possibility that the unification of the electroweak interactions and the strong force arises from string theory, at energies significantly lower than the string scale. As a tool, an effective grand unified field theory in six dimensions is derived from an anisotropic orbifold compactification of the heterotic string. It is explicitly shown that all anomalies cancel in the model, though anomalous Abelian gauge symmetries are present locally at the boundary singularities. In the supersymmetric vacuum additional interactions arise from higher-dimensional operators. We develop methods that relate the couplings of the effective theory to the location of the vacuum, and find that unbroken discrete symmetries play an important role for the phenomenology of orbifold models. An efficient algorithm for the calculation of the superpotential to arbitrary order is developed, based on symmetry arguments. We furthermore present a correspondence between bulk fields of the orbifold model in six dimensions, and the moduli fields that arise from compactifying four internal dimensions on a manifold with non-trivial gauge background. (orig.)

Local grand unification in the heterotic landscape

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmidt, Jonas

2009-07-15

We consider the possibility that the unification of the electroweak interactions and the strong force arises from string theory, at energies significantly lower than the string scale. As a tool, an effective grand unified field theory in six dimensions is derived from an anisotropic orbifold compactification of the heterotic string. It is explicitly shown that all anomalies cancel in the model, though anomalous Abelian gauge symmetries are present locally at the boundary singularities. In the supersymmetric vacuum additional interactions arise from higher-dimensional operators. We develop methods that relate the couplings of the effective theory to the location of the vacuum, and find that unbroken discrete symmetries play an important role for the phenomenology of orbifold models. An efficient algorithm for the calculation of the superpotential to arbitrary order is developed, based on symmetry arguments. We furthermore present a correspondence between bulk fields of the orbifold model in six dimensions, and the moduli fields that arise from compactifying four internal dimensions on a manifold with non-trivial gauge background. (orig.)

Family unification in five and six dimensions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Babu, K.S.; Barr, S.M.; Kyae, Bumseok

2002-01-01

In family unification models, all three families of quarks and leptons are grouped together into an irreducible representation of a simple gauge group, thus unifying the standard model gauge symmetries and a gauged family symmetry. Large orthogonal groups, and the exceptional groups E 7 and E 8 , have been much studied for family unification. The main theoretical difficulty of family unification is the existence of mirror families at the weak scale. It is shown here that family unification without mirror families can be realized in simple five-dimensional and six-dimensional orbifold models similar to those recently proposed for SU(5) and SO(10) grand unification. It is noted that a family unification group that survived to near the weak scale and whose coupling extrapolated to high scales unified with those of the standard model would be evidence, accessible in principle at low energy, of the existence of small (Planckian or GUT-scale) extra dimensions

Infrared fixed points and fixed lines in the top-bottom-tau sector in supersymmetric grand unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schrempp, B.

1994-10-01

The two loop 'top-down' renormalization group flow for the top, bottom and tau Yukawa couplings, from μ=M GUT ≅O(10 16 GeV) to μ≅m t , is explored in the framework of supersymmetric grand unification; reproduction of the physical bottom and tau masses is required. Instead of following the recent trend of implementing exact Yukawa coupling unification i) a search for infrared (IR) fixed lines and fixed points in the m t pole -tan β plane is performed and ii) the extent to which these imply approximate Yukawa unification is determined. In the m t pole -tan β plane two IR fixed lines, intersecting in an IR fixed point, are located. The more attractive fixed line has a branch of almost constant top mass, m t pole ≅168≅180 GeV (close to the experimental value), for the large interval 2.5 GUT approximately. The less attractive fixed line as well as the fixed point at m t pole ≅170 GeV, tan β≅55 implement approximate top-bottom Yukawa unification at all scales μ. The renormalization group flow is attracted towards the IR fixed point by way of the more attractive IR fixed line. The fixed point and lines are distinct from the much quoted effective IR fixed point m t pole ≅O(200 GeV) sin β. (orig.)

Electroweak symmetry breaking and mass spectra in six-dimensional gauge-Higgs grand unification

Science.gov (United States)

Hosotani, Yutaka; Yamatsu, Naoki

2018-02-01

The mass spectra of the standard model particles are reproduced in the SO(11) gauge-Higgs grand unification in six-dimensional warped space without introducing exotic light fermions. Light neutrino masses are explained by the gauge-Higgs seesaw mechanism. We evaluate the effective potential of the four-dimensional Higgs boson appearing as a fluctuation mode of the Aharonov-Bohm phase θ_H in the extra-dimensional space, and show that the dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking takes place with the Higgs boson mass m_H ˜ 125 GeV and θ_H ˜ 0.1. The Kaluza-Klein mass scale in the fifth dimension is approximately given by m_KK ˜ 1.230 TeV/sin θ_H.

Low-energy parity restoration and unification mass scale within maximal symmetries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ajaya K. Mohanty

1984-01-01

Full Text Available We investigate the hierarchy of gauge boson masses in the maximal grand unified theory by studying the renormalization group equations for the running coupling constants associated with the symmetry breaking of SU(16viaSU(12 q×SU(4 l×U(1 |B|−|L| chain. Particular attention is given to the contribution of Higgs scalars to these equations. It is found that the intermediate mass scale ML, associated with right-handed gauge bosons could be as low as 10 3 GeV only for sin 2θ w(M L as high as 0.265 with α s(M L=0.13. In this chain of symmetry breaking, we have also examined the lowest unification mass that is allowed by the low-energy data for sin 2θ w(M L and the assumed gauge hierarchy. This has been done in two cases; first for the case where SU(3 c is vectorial, second, for the case where SU(3 c is axial. In both cases the lowest unification mass scales were found to be 10 13, 10 11, 10 8 and 10 7 GeV for sin 2θ w(M L = 0.22, 0.24, 0.26,and0.265 respectively with α s(M L = 0.13. The implication of these low unification masses on baryon non-conserving processes is also discussed.

Direct mediation, duality and unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abel, Steven; Khoze, Valentin V.

2008-01-01

It is well-known that in scenarios with direct gauge mediation of supersymmetry breaking the messenger fields significantly affect the running of Standard Model couplings and introduce Landau poles which are difficult to avoid. Among other things, this appears to remove any possibility of a meaningful unification prediction and is often viewed as a strong argument against direct mediation. We propose two ways that Seiberg duality can circumvent this problem. In the first, which we call 'deflected-unification', the SUSY-breaking hidden sector is a magnetic theory which undergoes a Seiberg duality to an electric phase. Importantly, the electric version has fewer fundamental degrees of freedom coupled to the MSSM compared to the magnetic formulation. This changes the β-functions of the MSSM gauge couplings so as to push their Landau poles above the unification scale. We show that this scenario is realised for recently suggested models of gauge mediation based on a metastable SCQD-type hidden sector directly coupled to MSSM. The second possibility for avoiding Landau poles, which we call 'dual-unification', begins with the observation that, if the mediating fields fall into complete SU(5) multiplets, then the MSSM+messengers exhibits a fake unification at unphysical values of the gauge couplings. We show that, in known examples of electric/magnetic duals, such a fake unification in the magnetic theory reflects a real unification in the electric theory. We therefore propose that the Standard Model could itself be a magnetic dual of some unknown electric theory in which the true unification takes place. This scenario maintains the unification prediction (and unification scale) even in the presence of Landau poles in the magnetic theory below the GUT scale. We further note that this dual realization of grand unification can explain why Nature appears to unify, but the proton does not decay.

Grand unification in higher dimensions with split supersymmetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schuster, Philip C.

2006-01-01

We investigate gauge coupling unification in higher dimensional GUT models with split supersymmetry. We focus on 5d and 6d orbifold GUTs, which permit a simple solution to several problems of 4D GUTs as well as control over GUT scale threshold corrections. In orbifold GUTs, calculable threshold corrections can raise or lower the prediction for α s (M Z ) in a way that depends on the location of Higgs fields. On the other hand, split supersymmetry lowers the prediction for α s (M Z ). Consequently, split supersymmetry changes the preferred location of the Higgs fields in orbifold GUTs. In the simplest models, we find that gauge coupling unification favors higgs doublets that live on the orbifold fixed points instead of in the bulk. In addition, relatively high scales of supersymmetry breaking of 10 10±2 GeV are generically favored

Phase transitions at finite chemical potential in grand unified theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bailin, D.; Love, A.

1984-01-01

We discuss the circumstances in which non-zero chemical potentials might prevent symmetry restoration in phase transitions in the early universe at grand unification or partial unification scales. The general arguments are illustrated by consideration of SO(10) and SU(5) grand unified theories. (orig.)

Revisiting top-bottom-tau Yukawa unification in supersymmetric grand unified theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tobe, Kazuhiro; Wells, James D.

2003-01-01

Third family Yukawa unification, as suggested by minimal SO(10) unification, is revisited in light of recent experimental measurements and theoretical progress. We characterize unification in a semi-model-independent fashion, and conclude that finite b quark mass corrections from superpartners must be non-zero, but much smaller than naively would be expected. We show that a solution that does not require cancellations of dangerously large tanβ effects in observables implies that scalar superpartner masses should be substantially heavier than the Z scale, and perhaps inaccessible to all currently approved colliders. On the other hand, gauginos must be significantly lighter than the scalars. We demonstrate that a spectrum of anomaly-mediated gaugino masses and heavy scalars works well as a theory compatible with third family Yukawa unification and dark matter observations

An approach to gauge hierarchy in the minimal SU(5) model of grand unification

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Ghose, P.

1982-08-01

It is shown that if all mass generation through spontaneous symmetry breaking is predominantly caused by scalar loops in the minimal SU(5) model of grand unification, it is possible to have an arbitrarily large gauge hierarchy msub(x) >> msub(w) with all Higgs bosons superheavy. No fine tuning is necessary in every order. (author)

Vanishing corrections on intermediate scale and implications for unification of forces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Parida, M.K.

1996-02-01

In two-step breakings of a class of grand unified theories including SO(10), we prove a theorem showing that the scale (M I ) where the Pati-Salam gauge symmetry with parity breaks down to the standard gauge group, has vanishing corrections due to all sources emerging from higher scales (μ > M I ) such as the one-loop and all higher-loop effects, the GUT-threshold, gravitational smearing, and string threshold effects. Implications of such a scale for the unification of gauge couplings with small Majorana neutrino masses are discussed. In string inspired SO(10), we show that M I ≅ 5 x 10 12 GeV, needed for neutrino masses, with the GUT scale M U ≅ M str can be realized provided certain particle states in the predicted spectrum are light. (author). 28 refs, 1 tab

Minimal SUSY SO(10) and Yukawa unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okada, Nobuchika

2013-01-01

The minimal supersymmetric (SUSY) SO(10) model, where only two Higgs multiplets {10⊕126-bar} are utilized for Yukawa couplings with matter fields, can nicely fit the neutrino oscillation parameters as well as charged fermion masses and mixing angles. In the fitting of the fermion mass matrix data, the largest element in the Yukawa coupling with the 126-bar -plet Higgs (Y 126 ) is found to be of order one, so that the right see-saw scale should be provided by Higgs vacuum expectation values (VEVs) of β(10 14 GeV). This fact causes a serious problem, namely, the gauge coupling unification is spoiled because of the presence of many exotic Higgs multiples emerging at the see-saw scale. In order to solve this problem, we consider a unification between bottom-quark and tau Yukawa couplings (b - τ Yukawa coupling unification) at the grand unified theory (GUT) scale, due to threshold corrections of superpartners to the Yukawa couplings at the 1 TeV scale. When the b - τ Yukawa coupling unification is very accurate, the largest element in Y 126 can become β(0.01), so that the right see-saw scale is realized by the GUT scale VEV and the usual gauge coupling unification is maintained. Since the b - τ Yukawa unification alters the Yukawa coupling data at the GUT scale, we re-analyze the fitting of the fermion mass matrix data by taking all the relevant free parameters into account. Unfortunately, we find that no parameter region shows up to give a nice fit for the current neutrino oscillation data and therefore, the usual picture of the gauge coupling unification cannot accommodate the fermion mass matrix data fitting in our procedure.

Classification of three-family grand unification in string theory. II. The SU(5) and SU(6) models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kakushadze, Z.; Tye, S.H.

1997-01-01

Requiring that supersymmetric SU(5) and SU(6) grand unifications in the heterotic string theory must have three chiral families, adjoint (or higher representation) Higgs fields in the grand unified gauge group, and a non-Abelian hidden sector, we construct such string models within the framework of free conformal field theory and asymmetric orbifolds. Within this framework, we construct all such string models via Z 6 asymmetric orbifolds that include a Z 3 outerautomorphism, the latter yielding a level-three current algebra for the grand unification gauge group SU(5) or SU(6). We then classify all such Z 6 asymmetric orbifolds that result in models with a non-Abelian hidden sector. All models classified in this paper have only one adjoint (but no other higher representation) Higgs field in the grand unified gauge group. This Higgs field is neutral under all other gauge symmetries. The list of hidden sectors for three-family SU(6) string models are SU(2), SU(3), and SU(2)circle-times SU(2). In addition to these, three-family SU(5) string models can also have an SU(4) hidden sector. Some of the models have an apparent anomalous U(1) gauge symmetry. copyright 1997 The American Physical Society

Asymptotically safe grand unification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bajc, Borut [J. Stefan Institute,1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Sannino, Francesco [CP-Origins & the Danish IAS, University of Southern Denmark,Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M (Denmark); Université de Lyon, France, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, UMR5822 IPNL,F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex (France)

2016-12-28

Phenomenologically appealing supersymmetric grand unified theories have large gauge representations and thus are not asymptotically free. Their ultraviolet validity is limited by the appearance of a Landau pole well before the Planck scale. One could hope that these theories save themselves, before the inclusion of gravity, by generating an interacting ultraviolet fixed point, similar to the one recently discovered in non-supersymmetric gauge-Yukawa theories. Employing a-maximization, a-theorem, unitarity bounds, as well as positivity of other central charges we nonperturbatively rule out this possibility for a broad class of prime candidates of phenomenologically relevant supersymmetric grand unified theories. We also uncover candidates passing these tests, which have either exotic matter or contain one field decoupled from the superpotential. The latter class of theories contains a model with the minimal matter content required by phenomenology.

Grand unification and the fundamental problems of classical cosmology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Turner, M.S.

1981-01-01

The accomplishments of classical cosmology are reviewed. In particular, the hot big bang model provides a reliable framework for understanding the evolution of the universe back to times at least as early as approx. 0.01 s after the big bang. At present there are (at least) six fundamental problems which have not yet been (completely) resolved. They are: (1) the origin of the baryon number-to-entropy ratio, (2) the origin of the isotropy, (3) the origin of the homogeneity and inhomogeneity, (4) the origin of the flatness, (5) the cosmological constant, and (6) the monopole problem. The role that grand unification has played, and may play in the resolution of these puzzles is discussed. Guth's inflationary universe, which addresses five of these six problems, is reviewed

Unification beyond GUT's: Gauge-Yukawa unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kubo, J.; Mondragon, M.; Zoupanos, G.

1996-01-01

Gauge-Yukawa Unification (GYU) is a renormalization group invariant functional relation among gauge and Yukawa couplings which holds beyond the unification point in Grand Unified Theories (GUTs). We present here various models where GYU is obtained by requiring the principles of finiteness and reduction of couplings. We examine the consequences of these requirements for the low energy parameters, especially for the top quark mass. The predictions are such that they clearly distinguish already GYU from ordinary GUTs. It is expected that it will be possible to discriminate among the various GYUs when more accurate measurements of the top quark mass are available. (author)

Dark matter as the signal of grand unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kadastik, Mario; Kannike, Kristjan; Raidal, Martti

2009-01-01

We argue that the existence of dark matter (DM) is a possible consequence of grand unification (GUT) symmetry breaking. In GUTs like SO(10), discrete Z 2 matter parity (-1) 3(B-L) survives despite broken B-L, and group theory uniquely determines that the only possible Z 2 -odd matter multiplets belong to representation 16. We construct the minimal nonsupersymmetric SO(10) model containing one scalar 16 for DM and study its predictions below M G . We find that electroweak symmetry breaking occurs radiatively due to DM couplings to the standard model Higgs boson. For thermal relic DM the mass range M DM ∼O(0.1-1) TeV is predicted by model perturbativity up to M G . For M DM ∼O(1) TeV to explain the observed cosmic ray anomalies with DM decays, there exists a lower bound on the spin-independent direct detection cross section within the reach of planned experiments.

Restrictions on two Higgs doublet models and CP violation at the unification scale

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Athanasiu, G.G.

1987-01-01

In Part I we examine bounds from CP violation in the neutral K system on charged Higgs masses and couplings in models with two Higgs doublets. While CP violation is still due only to a non-zero phase in the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, there are additional short-distance contributions involving charged Higgs exchange rather than W boson exchange. By having CP violation in the mass matrix, but not in the kaon to two pions decay amplitude, largely due to Higgs exchange, it is possible to obtain a small value of ε'/ε. In Part II we obtain bounds on charged-Higgs-boson masses and couplings in two Higgs doublet models from their effects on neutral-B-meson mixing. The bounds are comparable to those obtained with additional assumptions from the neutral-K-system. Neutral-Higgs-boson effects on the spectrum and wave functions of tt bound states are examined in the same model. In the future they could lead to restrictions on, or discovery of, the corresponding neutral Higgs bosons if they have relatively low masses and enhanced couplings. Finally, in Part III, the three generation phase invariant measure of CP violation is shown to satisfy a simple and solvable renormalization group equation. Its value falls by four to eight orders of magnitude between the weak and grand unification scales in the standard model, as well as in its two Higgs and supersymmetric extensions. Such a small value of CP violation at the grand unification scale can pose a problem for baryogenesis; this avoided if there are heavy quarks with masses close to their fixed points

SO(10) - Grand unification and fermion masses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oezer, A.D.

2005-01-01

In this work, we study SO(10) grand unification in its full extent by using different explicit matrix representations which exhibit the structure of SO(10) in a very transparent way. Our approach consists mainly of two stages: We derive the explicit expressions of the mass-eigenvalues and mass-eigenstates of the physical gauge bosons from a mass squared-matrix that contains all the information about the mixing parameters among the gauge fields and the phases which are sources for CP violation. In the light of this analysis, we derive the explicit expressions for the interaction Lagrangians of the charged currents, the neutral currents and the charged and colored currents in SO(10). We present explicit expressions of the vector and axial-vector couplings of the two neutral currents in SO(10). We show how the baryon, lepton and baryon minus lepton number violating processes and their explicit CP violating phases are accommodated in the SO(10) theory. The Higgs potential that we use to implement in the Higgs mechanism is constructed in a most general fashion through a careful study of the Higgs fields of SO(10), where we give special emphasis on illustrating the explicit matrix representation of these Higgs fields. The potential part of the Higgs Lagrangian will give us the properties of the minimum of the vacuum, and the kinetic part will give us the mass-squared matrix of the gauge bosons via spontaneous symmetry breakdown. The same Higgs multiplets will be coupled to fermions through a democratic Yukawa matrix. Thereby, we derive explicit expressions for the fermion masses of the third family including Majorana and Dirac masses for neutrinos. We introduce a flavor-eigenbasis for neutrinos and find the mass-eigenstates and mass-eigenvalues of the neutrinos. Explicit expressions for CP violation in the neutrino sector are obtained. In the second stage of our work, we evaluate all the above mentioned quantities. In addition, we present the values of the physical

LEP constraints on grand unified theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sarkar, Utpal

1993-01-01

Recent developments on grand unified theories (GUTs) in the context of the LEP measurements of the coupling constants are reviewed. The three coupling constants at the electroweak scale have been measured at LEP quite precisely. One can allow these couplings to evolve with energy following the renormalization group equations for the various groups and find out whether all the coupling constants meet at any energy. It was pointed out that the minimal SU(5) grand unified theory fails to satisfy this test. However, various extensions of the theory are still allowed. These extensions include (i) supersymmetric SU(5) GUT, with some arbitrariness in the susy breaking scale arising from the threshold corrections, (ii) non-susy SU(5) GUTs with additional fermions as well as Higgs multiplets, which has masses of the order of TeV, and (iii) non-renormalizable effect of gravity with a fine tuned relation among the coupling constants at the unification energy. The LEP results also constrain GUTs with an intermediate symmetry breaking scale. By adjusting the intermediate symmetry breaking scale, one usually can have unification, but these theories get constrained. For example, the left-right symmetric theories coming from GUTs can be broken only at energies higher than about ∼10 10 GeV. This implies that if right handed gauge bosons are found at energies lower than this scale, then that will rule out the possibility of grand unification. Another recent interesting development on the subject, namely, low energy unification, is discussed in this context. All the coupling constants are unified at energies of the order of ∼10 8 GeV when they are embedded in an SU(15)GUT, with some particular symmetry breaking pattern. But even in this case the results of the intermediate symmetry breaking scale remain unchanged. (author). 16 refs., 3 figs

SU(5) unification with TeV-scale leptoquarks

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cox, Peter [Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS,The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8583 (Japan); Kusenko, Alexander [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California,Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1547 (United States); Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS,The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8583 (Japan); Sumensari, Olcyr [Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay,Orsay, 91405 (France); Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo,C.P. 66.318, São Paulo, 05315-970 (Brazil); Yanagida, Tsutomu T. [Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS,The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8583 (Japan)

2017-03-07

It was previously noted that SU(5) unification can be achieved via the simple addition of light scalar leptoquarks from two split 10 multiplets. We explore the parameter space of this model in detail and find that unification requires at least one leptoquark to have mass below ≈16 TeV. We point out that introducing splitting of the 24 allows the unification scale to be raised beyond 10{sup 16} GeV, while a U(1){sub PQ} symmetry can be imposed to forbid dangerous proton decay mediated by the light leptoquarks. The latest bounds from LHC searches are combined and we find that a leptoquark as light as 400 GeV is still permitted. Finally, we discuss the interesting possibility that the leptoquarks required for unification could also be responsible for the 2.6σ deviation observed in the ratio R{sub K} at LHCb.

Cosmological origin of the grand-unification mass scale

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brout, R.; Englert, F.; Spindel, P.

1979-01-01

The origin of the universe as a quantum phenomenon leads to a self-consistently generated space-time structure in which the mass of the created particles is O (kappa/sup -1/2/). We interpret the origin of the universe as a phase transition in which the grand unified symmetry is spontaneously broken

The behaviour of effective coupling constants in 'finite' grand unification theories in curved spacetime

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buchbinder, I.L.; Odintsov, S.D.; Lichtzier, I.M.

1989-01-01

The question of the behaviour of effective coupling constants in one-loop 'finite' grand unification theories in curved spacetime is investigated. It is shown that in strong gravitational fields the effective coupling constant, corresponding to the parameter of non-minimal interaction of scalar and gravitational fields, tends to the conformal value or increases in an exponential fashion. The one-loop effective potential is obtained with accuracy to linear curvature terms. It is shown that, in external supergravity, supersymmetric finite theories admit asymptotic conformal invariance. (Author)

Grand unification and subcritical hybrid inflation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buchmueller, Wilfried; Ishiwata, Koji

2014-12-01

We consider hybrid inflation for small couplings of the inflaton to matter such that the critical value of the inflaton field exceeds the Planck mass. It has recently been shown that inflation then continues at subcritical inflaton field values where quantum fluctuations generate an effective inflaton mass. The effective inflaton potential interpolates between a quadratic potential at small field values and a plateau at large field values. An analysis of the allowed parameter space leads to predictions for the scalar spectral index n s and the tensor-to-scalar ratio r similar to those of natural inflation. Using the range for n s and r favoured by the Planck data, we find that the energy scale of the plateau is constrained to the interval (1.6-2.4) x 10 16 GeV which includes the energy scale of gauge coupling unification in the supersymmetric standard model. The tensor-to-scalar ratio is predicted to have the lower bound r>0.049 for 60 e-folds before the end of inflation.

Light grand unified theory triplets and Yukawa splitting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rakshit, Subhendu; Shadmi, Yael; Raz, Guy; Roy, Sourov

2004-01-01

Triplet-mediated proton decay in grand unified theories (GUTs) is usually suppressed by arranging a large triplet mass. Here we explore instead a mechanism for suppressing the couplings of the triplets to the first and second generations compared to the Yukawa couplings, so that the triplets can be light. This mechanism is based on a 'triplet symmetry' in the context of product-group GUTs. We study two possibilities. The first possibility, which requires the top Yukawa coupling to arise from a nonrenormalizable operator at the GUT scale, is that all triplet couplings to matter are negligible, so that the triplets can be at the weak scale, giving new evidence for grand unification. The second possibility is that some triplet couplings, and in particular Ttb and Tt-barl-bar, are equal to the corresponding Yukawa couplings. This would give a distinct signature of grand unification if the triplets were sufficiently light. However, we derive a model-independent bound on the triplet mass in this case, which is at least 10 6 GeV. Finally, we construct an explicit viable GUT model based on Yukawa splitting, with the triplets at 10 14 GeV, as required for coupling unification to work. This model requires no additional thresholds below the GUT scale

Low energy implications of minimal superstring unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khalil, S.; Vissani, F.; Masiero, A.

1995-11-01

We study the phenomenological implications of effective supergravities based on string vacua with spontaneously broken N =1 supersymmetry by dilation and moduli F-terms. We further require Minimal String Unification, namely that large string threshold corrections ensure the correct unification of the gauge couplings at the grand unification scale. The whole supersymmetric mass spectrum turns out to be determined in terms of only two independent parameters, the dilaton-moduli mixing angle and the gravitino mass. In particular we discuss the region of the parameter space where at least one superpartner is ''visible'' at LEPII. We find that the most likely candidates are the scalar partner of the right-handed electron and the lightest chargino, with interesting correlations between their masses and with the mass of the lightest higgs. We show how discovering SUSY particles at LEPII might rather sharply discriminate between scenarios with pure dilaton SUSY breaking and mixed dilaton-moduli breaking. (author). 10 refs, 7 figs

Gauge coupling unification and nonequilibrium thermal dark matter.

Science.gov (United States)

Mambrini, Yann; Olive, Keith A; Quevillon, Jérémie; Zaldívar, Bryan

2013-06-14

We study a new mechanism for the production of dark matter in the Universe which does not rely on thermal equilibrium. Dark matter is populated from the thermal bath subsequent to inflationary reheating via a massive mediator whose mass is above the reheating scale T(RH). To this end, we consider models with an extra U(1) gauge symmetry broken at some intermediate scale (M(int) ≃ 10(10)-10(12) GeV). We show that not only does the model allow for gauge coupling unification (at a higher scale associated with grand unification) but it can provide a dark matter candidate which is a standard model singlet but charged under the extra U(1). The intermediate scale gauge boson(s) which are predicted in several E6/SO(10) constructions can be a natural mediator between dark matter and the thermal bath. We show that the dark matter abundance, while never having achieved thermal equilibrium, is fixed shortly after the reheating epoch by the relation T(RH)(3)/M(int)(4). As a consequence, we show that the unification of gauge couplings which determines M(int) also fixes the reheating temperature, which can be as high as T(RH) ≃ 10(11) GeV.

Restrictions on two Higgs doublet models and CP violation at the unification scale

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Athanasiu, G.G.

1987-04-01

Bounds on charged Higgs masses and couplings in models with two Higgs doublets are examined that came from CP violation in the neutral K system. Bounds on charged Higgs masses and couplings in two Higgs doublet models are also obtained from their effects on neutral-B-meson mixing. The bounds are found to be comparable to those obtained with additional assumptions from the neutral K system. The three generation phase invariant measure of CP violation is shown to satisfy a simple and solvable renormalization group equation. Its value is seen to fall by four to eight orders of magnitude between the weak and grand unification scales in the standard model, as well as in its two Higgs and supersymmetric extensions

Gauge coupling unification from unified theories in higher dimensions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hall, Lawrence J.; Nomura, Yasunori

2002-01-01

Higher dimensional grand unified theories, with gauge symmetry breaking by orbifold compactification, possess SU(5) breaking at fixed points, and do not automatically lead to tree-level gauge coupling unification. A new framework is introduced that guarantees precise unification--even the leading loop threshold corrections are predicted, although they are model dependent. Precise agreement with the experimental result, α s exp =0.117±0.002, occurs only for a unique theory, and gives α s KK =0.118±0.004±0.003. Remarkably, this unique theory is also the simplest, with SU(5) gauge interactions and two Higgs hypermultiplets propagating in a single extra dimension. This result is more successful and precise than that obtained from conventional supersymmetric grand unification, α s SGUT =0.130±0.004±Δ SGUT . There is a simultaneous solution to the three outstanding problems of 4D supersymmetric grand unified theories: a large mass splitting between Higgs doublets and their color triplet partners is forced, proton decay via dimension five operators is automatically forbidden, and the absence of fermion mass relations amongst light quarks and leptons is guaranteed, while preserving the successful m b /m τ relation. The theory necessarily has a strongly coupled top quark located on a fixed point and part of the lightest generation propagating in the bulk. The string and compactification scales are determined to be around 10 17 GeV and 10 15 GeV, respectively

Gauge coupling unification in heterotic string models with gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anandakrishnan, Archana; Raby, Stuart

2011-01-01

We calculate the weak scale minimal supersymmetric standard model spectrum starting from a heterotic string theory compactified on an anisotropic orbifold. Supersymmetry breaking is mediated by vectorlike exotics that arise naturally in heterotic string theories. The messengers that mediate supersymmetry breaking come in incomplete grand unified theory (GUT) multiplets and give rise to nonuniversal gaugino masses at the GUT scale. Models with nonuniversal gaugino masses at the GUT scale have the attractive feature of allowing for precision gauge coupling unification at the GUT scale with negligible contributions from threshold corrections near the unification scale. The unique features of this minimally supersymmetric standard model spectrum are light gluinos and also large mass differences between the lightest and the next-to-lightest neutralinos and charginos which could lead to interesting signatures at the colliders.

Leptoquark mechanism of neutrino masses within the grand unification framework

Science.gov (United States)

Doršner, Ilja; Fajfer, Svjetlana; Košnik, Nejc

2017-06-01

We demonstrate the viability of the one-loop neutrino mass mechanism within the framework of grand unification when the loop particles comprise scalar leptoquarks (LQs) and quarks of the matching electric charge. This mechanism can be implemented in both supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric models and requires the presence of at least one LQ pair. The appropriate pairs for the neutrino mass generation via the up-type and down-type quark loops are S_3-R_2 and S_{1, 3}-\\tilde{R}_2, respectively. We consider two distinct regimes for the LQ masses in our analysis. The first regime calls for very heavy LQs in the loop. It can be naturally realized with the S_{1, 3}-\\tilde{R}_2 scenarios when the LQ masses are roughly between 10^{12} and 5 × 10^{13} GeV. These lower and upper bounds originate from experimental limits on partial proton decay lifetimes and perturbativity constraints, respectively. Second regime corresponds to the collider accessible LQs in the neutrino mass loop. That option is viable for the S_3-\\tilde{R}_2 scenario in the models of unification that we discuss. If one furthermore assumes the presence of the type II see-saw mechanism there is an additional contribution from the S_3-R_2 scenario that needs to be taken into account beside the type II see-saw contribution itself. We provide a complete list of renormalizable operators that yield necessary mixing of all aforementioned LQ pairs using the language of SU(5). We furthermore discuss several possible embeddings of this mechanism in SU(5) and SO(10) gauge groups.

Leptoquark mechanism of neutrino masses within the grand unification framework

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dorsner, Ilja [University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture in Split (FESB), Split (Croatia); Fajfer, Svjetlana; Kosnik, Nejc [University of Ljubljana, Department of Physics, Ljubljana (Slovenia); Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, P. O. Box 3000, Ljubljana (Slovenia)

2017-06-15

We demonstrate the viability of the one-loop neutrino mass mechanism within the framework of grand unification when the loop particles comprise scalar leptoquarks (LQs) and quarks of the matching electric charge. This mechanism can be implemented in both supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric models and requires the presence of at least one LQ pair. The appropriate pairs for the neutrino mass generation via the up-type and down-type quark loops are S{sub 3}-R{sub 2} and S{sub 1,3}-R{sub 2}, respectively. We consider two distinct regimes for the LQ masses in our analysis. The first regime calls for very heavy LQs in the loop. It can be naturally realized with the S{sub 1,3}-R{sub 2} scenarios when the LQ masses are roughly between 10{sup 12} and 5 x 10{sup 13} GeV. These lower and upper bounds originate from experimental limits on partial proton decay lifetimes and perturbativity constraints, respectively. Second regime corresponds to the collider accessible LQs in the neutrino mass loop. That option is viable for the S{sub 3}-R{sub 2} scenario in the models of unification that we discuss. If one furthermore assumes the presence of the type II see-saw mechanism there is an additional contribution from the S{sub 3}-R{sub 2} scenario that needs to be taken into account beside the type II see-saw contribution itself. We provide a complete list of renormalizable operators that yield necessary mixing of all aforementioned LQ pairs using the language of SU(5). We furthermore discuss several possible embeddings of this mechanism in SU(5) and SO(10) gauge groups. (orig.)

Precision LEP data, supersymmetric GUTs and string unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ellis, J.; Kelley, S.; Nanopoulos, D.V.; Houston Area Research Center

1990-01-01

The precision of sin 2 θ w MS (m Z ) extracted from LEP data (0.233±0.001) confirms the prediction of minimal supersymmetric GUTs (0.235±0.004) within the errors of about 2%. Moreover, supersymmetric GUTs with three generations and a heavy top quark also predict m b =5.2±0.3 GeV in perfect agreement with potential model estimates (5.0±0.2 GeV). String unification would require that the effective grand unification scale m GUT be no larger than the effective string unification scale m SU , which is indeed consistent with the LEP data, which indicate m GUT ≅ 2x10 16 GeV in a minimal supersymmetric GUT, compared with the theoretical estimate m SU ≅ 10 17 GeV. Specific choices of the string model moduli could enforce m GUT =m SU even in minimal supersymmetric GUTs, whilst non-minimal supersymmetric GUTs can reconcile the successful predictions of sin 2 θ w with m GUT = m SU for generic values of the moduli, but tend to have m b too large. (orig.)

Grand unification and the double beta-decay

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faessler, A.

1992-01-01

Models of the unification of the electroweak and the strong interaction predict that the neutrino is a Majorana particle and therefore essentially identical with its own antiparticle. In such grand unified models the neutrino has also a finite mass and a slight right-handed weak interaction, since the model is left-right symmetric. These models have also left handed and right-handed vector bosons to mediate the weak interactions. If these models are correct the neutrinoless double beta-decay is feasable. Thus if one finds the neutrinoless double beta-decay one knows that the standard model can not be correct in which the neutrino is a Dirac particle and therefore different from its antiparticle. Although the neutrinoless double beta-decay has not been seen it is possible to extract from the lower limits of the lifetime against the double neutrinoless beta-decay upper limits for the effective electron-neutrino mass and for the effective mixing angle of the right-handed and the left-handed vector bosons mediating the weak interaction. One also can obtain an effective upper limit for the mass ratio of the light and the heavy vector bosons. The extraction of this physical quantities from the data is made difficult due to the fact that the weak interaction must not be diagonal in the representation of the mass matrix of the six neutrinos requested by such left-right symmetric models. (author)

Grand unification and supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nanopoulos, D.V.

Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) are very successful, but they suffer from fine-tuning or hierarchy problems. It seems that more symmetry beyond the gauge symmetry is needed and indeed supersymmetric GUTs may provide the correct framework in solving the hierarchy problems. These are reviewed. From the results discussed, it is seen that for the first time in particle physics, gravity seems to play a dominant role. It may be responsible for GUT breaking, SU(2) x U(1) breaking, fermion masses, proton decay and a consistent cosmological picture. Supergravity seems to offer a consistent, effective theory for energies below the Planck scale to N=1 local SUSY but also, in the context of N=8 extended supergravity with a dynamically realized SU(8), there may be a consistent fundamental unified theory of all interactions. (U.K.)

Gauge coupling unification in realistic free-fermionic string models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dienes, K.R.; Faraggi, A.E.

1995-01-01

We discuss the unification of gauge couplings within the framework of a wide class of realistic free-fermionic string models which have appeared in the literature, including the flipped SU(5), SO(6)xSO(4), and various SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1) models. If the matter spectrum below the string scale is that of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), then string unification is in disagreement with experiment. We therefore examine several effects that may modify the minimal string predictions. First, we develop a systematic procedure for evaluating the one-loop heavy string threshold corrections in free-fermionic string models, and we explicitly evaluate these corrections for each of the realistic models. We find that these string threshold corrections are small, and we provide general arguments explaining why such threshold corrections are suppressed in string theory. Thus heavy thresholds cannot resolve the disagreement with experiment. We also study the effect of non-standard hypercharge normalizations, light SUSY thresholds, and intermediate-scale gauge structure, and similarly conclude that these effects cannot resolve the disagreement with low-energy data. Finally, we examine the effects of additional color triplets and electroweak doublets beyond the MSSM. Although not required in ordinary grand unification scenarios, such states generically appear within the context of certain realistic free-fermionic string models. We show that if these states exist at the appropriate thresholds, then the gauge couplings will indeed unify at the string scale. Thus, within these string models, string unification can be in agreement with low-energy data. (orig.)

Infrared fixed point solution for the top quark mass and unification of couplings in the MSSM

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bardeen, W.A.; Carena, M.; Pokorski, S.; Wagner, C.E.M.

1993-08-01

We analyze the implications of the infrared quasi fixed point solution for the top quark mass in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. This solution could explain in a natural way the relatively large value of the top quark mass and, if confirmed experimentally, may be suggestive of the onset of nonperturbative physics at very high energy scales. In the framework of grand unification, the expected bottom quark -- tau lepton Yukawa coupling unification is very sensitive to the fixed point structure of the top quark mass. For the presently allowed values of the electroweak parameters and the bottom quark mass, the Yukawa coupling unification implies that the top quark mass must be within ten percent of its fixed point values

Confronting the conventional ideas of grand unification with fermion masses, neutrino oscillations and proton decay

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pati, J C [Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park (United States) and Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park (United States)

2002-09-15

It is noted that one is now in possession of a set of facts, which may be viewed as the matching pieces of a puzzle; in that all of them can be resolved by just one idea - that is grand unification. These include: (i) the observed family-structure, (ii) quantization of electric charge, (iii) meeting of the three gauge couplings, (iv) neutrino oscillations; in particular the mass squared-difference {delta}m{sup 2}({nu}{sub {mu}} - {nu}{sub {tau}}) (suggested by SuperK), (v) the intricate pattern of the masses and mixings of the fermions, including the smallness of V{sub cb} and the largeness of {theta}{sub {nu}{sub {mu}{nu}}{sub {tau}}}{sup osc}, and (vi) the need for B-L as a generator to implement baryogenesis (via leptogenesis). All these pieces fit beautifully together within a single puzzle board framed by supersymmetric unification, based on SO(10) or a string-unified G(224)-symmetry. The two notable pieces of the puzzle still missing, however, are proton decay and supersymmetry. A concrete proposal is presented, within a predictive SO(10)/G(224)- framework, that successfully describes the masses and mixings of all fermions, including the neutrinos - with eight predictions, all in agreement with observation. Within this framework, a systematic study of proton decay is carried out, which (a) pays special attention to its dependence on the fermion masses, including the superheavy Majorana masses of the right-handed neutrinos, and (b) limits the threshold corrections so as to preserve natural coupling unification. The study updates prior work by Babu, Pati and Wilczek, in the context of both MSSM and its (interesting) variant, the so-called ESSM, by allowing for improved values of the matrix elements and of the short and long-distance renormalization effects. It shows that a conservative upper limit on the proton lifetime is about (1/3 - 2) x 10{sup 34} years, with {nu}-barK{sup +} being the dominant decay mode, and quite possibly {mu}{sup p}+K{sup 0} and e

Confronting the conventional ideas of grand unification with fermion masses, neutrino oscillations and proton decay

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pati, J.C.

2002-01-01

It is noted that one is now in possession of a set of facts, which may be viewed as the matching pieces of a puzzle; in that all of them can be resolved by just one idea - that is grand unification. These include: (i) the observed family-structure, (ii) quantization of electric charge, (iii) meeting of the three gauge couplings, (iv) neutrino oscillations; in particular the mass squared-difference Δm 2 (ν μ - ν τ ) (suggested by SuperK), (v) the intricate pattern of the masses and mixings of the fermions, including the smallness of V cb and the largeness of θ ν μ ν τ osc , and (vi) the need for B-L as a generator to implement baryogenesis (via leptogenesis). All these pieces fit beautifully together within a single puzzle board framed by supersymmetric unification, based on SO(10) or a string-unified G(224)-symmetry. The two notable pieces of the puzzle still missing, however, are proton decay and supersymmetry. A concrete proposal is presented, within a predictive SO(10)/G(224)- framework, that successfully describes the masses and mixings of all fermions, including the neutrinos - with eight predictions, all in agreement with observation. Within this framework, a systematic study of proton decay is carried out, which (a) pays special attention to its dependence on the fermion masses, including the superheavy Majorana masses of the right-handed neutrinos, and (b) limits the threshold corrections so as to preserve natural coupling unification. The study updates prior work by Babu, Pati and Wilczek, in the context of both MSSM and its (interesting) variant, the so-called ESSM, by allowing for improved values of the matrix elements and of the short and long-distance renormalization effects. It shows that a conservative upper limit on the proton lifetime is about (1/3 - 2) x 10 34 years, with ν-barK + being the dominant decay mode, and quite possibly μ p +K 0 and e + π 0 being prominent. This in turn strongly suggests that an improvement in the current

Grand unified theory precursors and nontrivial fixed points in higher-dimensional gauge theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dienes, Keith R.; Dudas, Emilian; Gherghetta, Tony

2003-01-01

Within the context of traditional logarithmic grand unification at M GUT ≅10 16 GeV, we show that it is nevertheless possible to observe certain GUT states such as X and Y gauge bosons at lower scales, perhaps even in the TeV range. We refer to such states as 'GUT precursors'. These states offer an interesting alternative possibility for new physics at the TeV scale, and could be used to directly probe GUT physics even though the scale of gauge coupling unification remains high. Our results also give rise to a Kaluza-Klein realization of nontrivial fixed points in higher-dimensional gauge theories

Elementary particles and physics interaction unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leite-Lopes, J.

1985-01-01

Quantum theory and relativity theory are fundamental of relativistic quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, which is the base of elementary particle physics, gauge field theory and basic force unification models. After a short introduction of relativistic equations of the main fields, the free scalar field, the free vector field, the free electromagnetic field and the free spinor field, and of elementary particles and basic interactions, gauge invariance and electromagnetic gauge field are detailed. Then the presentation of internal degrees of freedom, especially isospin, introduces gauge field theory of Yang-Mills. At last weak interactions and strong interactions are presented and lead to grand unification theory in conclusion [fr

Prospects for mass unification at low energy scales

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Volkas, R.R.

1995-01-01

A simple Pati-Salam SU(4) model with a low symmetry breaking scale of about 1000 TeV is presented. The analysis concentrates on calculating radiative corrections to tree level mass relations for third generation fermions. The tree-level relation m b /m τ = 1 predicted by such models can receive large radiative corrections up to about 50% due to threshold effects at the mass unification scale. These corrections are thus of about the same importance as those that give rise to renormalisation group running. The high figure of 50% can be achieved because l-loop graphs involving the physical charged Higgs boson give corrections to m τ -m b that are proportional to the large top quark mass. These corrections can either increase or decrease m b /m τ depending on the value of an unknown parameter. They can also be made to vanish through a fine-tuning. A related model of tree-level t-b-τ unification which uses the identification of SU(2) R with custodial SU(2) is then discussed. A curious relation m b ∼ √2m τ is found to be satisfied at tree-level in this model. The overall conclusion of this work is that the tree-level relation m b =m τ at low scales such as 1000 TeV or somewhat higher can produce a successful value for m b /m τ after corrections, but one must be mindful that radiative corrections beyond those incorporated through the renormalisation group can be very important. 14 refs., 7 figs

Prospects for mass unification at low energy scales

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Volkas, R.R.

1995-12-31

A simple Pati-Salam SU(4) model with a low symmetry breaking scale of about 1000 TeV is presented. The analysis concentrates on calculating radiative corrections to tree level mass relations for third generation fermions. The tree-level relation m{sub b}/m{sub {tau}} = 1 predicted by such models can receive large radiative corrections up to about 50% due to threshold effects at the mass unification scale. These corrections are thus of about the same importance as those that give rise to renormalisation group running. The high figure of 50% can be achieved because l-loop graphs involving the physical charged Higgs boson give corrections to m{sub {tau}} -m{sub b} that are proportional to the large top quark mass. These corrections can either increase or decrease m{sub b}/m{sub {tau}} depending on the value of an unknown parameter. They can also be made to vanish through a fine-tuning. A related model of tree-level t-b-{tau} unification which uses the identification of SU(2){sub R} with custodial SU(2) is then discussed. A curious relation m{sub b}{approx} {radical}2m{sub {tau}} is found to be satisfied at tree-level in this model. The overall conclusion of this work is that the tree-level relation m{sub b}=m{sub {tau}} at low scales such as 1000 TeV or somewhat higher can produce a successful value for m{sub b}/m{sub {tau}} after corrections, but one must be mindful that radiative corrections beyond those incorporated through the renormalisation group can be very important. 14 refs., 7 figs.

Unification and supersymmetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mohapatra, R.N.

1991-01-01

This book deals with some of the latest developments in our attempts to construct a unified theory of the fundamental interactions of nature. Among the topics covered are spontaneous symmetry breaking, grand unified theories, supersymmetry, and supergravity. The book starts with a quick review of elementary particle theory and continues with a discussion of composite quarks, leptons, Higgs bosons, and CP violation; it concludes with consideration of supersymmetric unification schemes, in which bosons and leptons are considered in some sense equivalent. The second edition is updated and corrected and contains new chapters on recent developments

Particle physics models of inflation in supergravity and grand unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kostka, Philipp Manuel

2010-01-01

magnetic monopoles at the end of the stage of inflation can be avoided. Finally, we sketch how in tribrid inflation models the concepts discussed in the two parts can be combined to realize inflation via Heisenberg symmetry in local supersymmetric SO(10) grand unification. (orig.)

Particle physics models of inflation in supergravity and grand unification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kostka, Philipp Manuel

2010-12-03

production of stable magnetic monopoles at the end of the stage of inflation can be avoided. Finally, we sketch how in tribrid inflation models the concepts discussed in the two parts can be combined to realize inflation via Heisenberg symmetry in local supersymmetric SO(10) grand unification. (orig.)

Neutrino masses and large mixings as a indirect signature of grand unified theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maekawa, Nobuhiro

2015-01-01

Grand unified theory (GUT) unifies not only three forces (electromagnetic force, strong force and weak force) but also quarks and leptons. As an experimental support for the unification of forces, it is well-known that three gauge couplings meet at a scale (the GUT scale). However, it is not so well-known that there is an experimental support even for the unification of matters (quarks and leptons). We explain the indirect support in this document and show that the important key is what the neutrino experiments have revealed for 20 years. Concretely, for the unification of matters in SU(5) GUT, various observed hierarchies of quark and lepton masses and mixings can be understood only from one assumption that '10 dimensional fields of SU(5) induce stronger hierarchy for the Yukawa couplings than 5-bar fields'. For this explanation, the knowledges on neutrino masses and mixings are critical. In the end, we comment E 6 unification in which the above assumption in the SU(5) GUT can be induced. (author)

Gauge coupling unification in superstring derived standard-like models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faraggi, A.E.

1992-11-01

I discuss gauge coupling unification in a class of superstring standard-like models, which are derived in the free fermionic formulation. Recent calculations indicate that the superstring unification scale is at O(10 18 GeV) while the minimal supersymmetric standard model is consistent with LEP data if the unification scale is at O(10 16 )GeV. A generic feature of the superstring standard-like models is the appearance of extra color triplets (D,D), and electroweak doublets (l,l), in vector-like representations, beyond the supersymmetric standard model. I show that the gauge coupling unification at O(10 18 GeV) in the superstring standard-like models can be consistent with LEP data. I present an explicit standard-like model that can realize superstring gauge coupling unification. (author)

Signatures of lower-scale gauge coupling unification in the standard model due to extended Higgs sector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chizhov, M. V.; Bednyakov, V. A.

2016-01-01

The gauge coupling unification can be achieved at a unification scale around 5×10"1"3 GeV if the Standard Model scalar sector is extended with extra Higgs-like doublets. The relevant new scalar degrees of freedom in the form of chiral Z* and W* vector bosons might “be visible” already at about 700 GeV. Their eventual preferred coupling to the heavy quarks explains the non observation of these bosons in the first LHC run and provides promising expectation for the second LHC run.

Natural embedding of Peccei-Quinn symmetry in flavor grand unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, J.E.

1981-08-01

Peccei and Quinn's global U(1)sub(A) symmetry can be embedded in grand unified schemes without an artificial requirement of imposing U(1)sub(A) symmetry, which results from the representation content of fermions and Higgs fields. Then, in some cases there results an ordinary axion with a mass approximately 100 keV. The axion mass is proportional to v -1 sub(A), where v -1 sub(A) is the scale of the actual U(1)sub(A) symmetry breakdown. (author)

Dark Matter in SuperGUT Unification Models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Olive, Keith A

2011-01-01

After a brief update on the prospects for dark matter in the constrained version of the MSSM (CMSSM) and its differences with models based on minimal supergravity (mSUGRA), I will consider the effects of unifying the supersymmetry-breaking parameters at a scale above M GUT . One of the consequences of superGUT unification, is the ability to take vanishing scalar masses at the unification scale with a neutralino LSP dark matter candidate. This allows one to resurrect no-scale supergravity as a viable phenomenological model.

Technical constraints for the GUT scale parameter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diosi, L.; Lukacs, B.; Paal, G.

1984-01-01

The influence of the grand unification scale on the thermal history of the early universe is discussed. Above M approx.= 6.8x10 15 GeV the irreversibilities seem to be too strong to ignore, and the usual calculations lose their validity. (author)

Finite Unification: Theory, Models and Predictions

CERN Document Server

Heinemeyer, S; Zoupanos, G

2011-01-01

All-loop Finite Unified Theories (FUTs) are very interesting N=1 supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) realising an old field theory dream, and moreover have a remarkable predictive power due to the required reduction of couplings. The reduction of the dimensionless couplings in N=1 GUTs is achieved by searching for renormalization group invariant (RGI) relations among them holding beyond the unification scale. Finiteness results from the fact that there exist RGI relations among dimensional couplings that guarantee the vanishing of all beta-functions in certain N=1 GUTs even to all orders. Furthermore developments in the soft supersymmetry breaking sector of N=1 GUTs and FUTs lead to exact RGI relations, i.e. reduction of couplings, in this dimensionful sector of the theory, too. Based on the above theoretical framework phenomenologically consistent FUTs have been constructed. Here we review FUT models based on the SU(5) and SU(3)^3 gauge groups and their predictions. Of particular interest is the Hig...

Probes of Yukawa unification in supersymmetric SO(10) models

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Westhoff, Susanne

2009-10-23

This work is composed as follows: In Chapter 1, the disposed reader is made familiar with the foundations of flavourphysics and Grand Unification, including group-theoretical aspects of SO(10). In Chapter 2, we introduce a specific supersymmetric GUT model based on SO(10) and designed to probe down-quark-lepton Yukawa unification. Within this framework we explore the effects of large atmospheric neutrino mixing in bottom-strange transitions on the mass difference and CP phase in B{sub s}- anti B{sub s} meson mixing. Chapter 3 is devoted to corrections to Yukawa unification. We derive constraints on Yukawa corrections for light fermions from K- anti K and B{sub d}- anti B {sub d} mixing. As an application we study implications of neutrino mixing effects in CP-violating K and B{sub d} observables on the unitrity triangle. Finally, in Chapter 4, we discuss effects of large tan {beta} in B{yields}(D){tau}{nu} decays with respect to their potential to discover charged Higgs bosons and to discriminate between different GUT models of flavour.

Dirac gauginos, gauge mediation and unification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benakli, K. [UPMC Univ. Paris 06 (France). Laboratoire de Physique Theorique et Hautes Energies, CNRS; Goodsell, M.D. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)

2010-03-15

We investigate the building of models with Dirac gauginos and perturbative gauge coupling unification. Here, in contrast to the MSSM, additional fields are required for unification, and these can naturally play the role of the messengers of supersymmetry breaking. We present a framework within which such models can be constructed, including the constraints that the messenger sector must satisfy; and the renormalisation group equations for the soft parameters, which differ from those of the MSSM. For illustration, we provide the spectrum at the electroweak scale for explicit models whose gauge couplings unify at the scale predicted by heterotic strings. (orig.)

Dirac Gauginos, Gauge Mediation and Unification

CERN Document Server

Benakli, K

2010-01-01

We investigate the building of models with Dirac gauginos and perturbative gauge coupling unification. Here, in contrast to the MSSM, additional fields are required for unification, and these can naturally play the role of the messengers of supersymmetry breaking. We present a framework within which such models can be constructed, including the constraints that the messenger sector must satisfy; and the renormalisation group equations for the soft parameters, which differ from those of the MSSM. For illustration, we provide the spectrum at the electroweak scale for explicit models whose gauge couplings unify at the scale predicted by heterotic strings.

Dirac gauginos, gauge mediation and unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Benakli, K.

2010-03-01

We investigate the building of models with Dirac gauginos and perturbative gauge coupling unification. Here, in contrast to the MSSM, additional fields are required for unification, and these can naturally play the role of the messengers of supersymmetry breaking. We present a framework within which such models can be constructed, including the constraints that the messenger sector must satisfy; and the renormalisation group equations for the soft parameters, which differ from those of the MSSM. For illustration, we provide the spectrum at the electroweak scale for explicit models whose gauge couplings unify at the scale predicted by heterotic strings. (orig.)

SO(10) supersymmetric grand unified theories

Science.gov (United States)

Dermisek, Radovan

The origin of the fermion mass hierarchy is one of the most challenging problems in elementary particle physics. In the standard model fermion masses and mixing angles are free parameters. Supersymmetric grand unified theories provide a beautiful framework for physics beyond the standard model. In addition to gauge coupling unification these theories provide relations between quark and lepton masses within families, and with additional family symmetry the hierarchy between families can be generated. We present a predictive SO(10) supersymmetric grand unified model with D 3 x U(1) family symmetry. The hierarchy in fermion masses is generated by the family symmetry breaking D 3 x U(1) → ZN → nothing. This model fits the low energy data in the charged fermion sector quite well. We discuss the prediction of this model for the proton lifetime in light of recent SuperKamiokande results and present a clear picture of the allowed spectra of supersymmetric particles. Finally, the detailed discussion of the Yukawa coupling unification of the third generation particles is provided. We find a narrow region is consistent with t, b, tau Yukawa unification for mu > 0 (suggested by b → sgamma and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon) with A0 ˜ -1.9m16, m10 ˜ 1.4m16, m16 ≳ 1200 GeV and mu, M1/2 ˜ 100--500 GeV. Demanding Yukawa unification thus makes definite predictions for Higgs and sparticle masses.

Proton decay: Numerical simulations confront grand unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brower, R.C.; Maturana, G.; Giles, R.C.; Moriarty, K.J.M.; Samuel, S.

1985-01-01

The Grand Unified Theories of the electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions constitute a far reaching attempt to synthesize our knowledge of theoretical particle physics into a consistent and compelling whole. Unfortunately, many quantitative predictions of such unified theories are sensitive to the analytically intractible effects of the strong subnuclear theory (Quantum Chromodynamics or QCD). The consequence is that even ambitious experimental programs exploring weak and super-weak interaction effects often fail to give definitive theoretical tests. This paper describes large-scale calculations on a supercomputer which can help to overcome this gap between theoretical predictions and experimental results. Our focus here is on proton decay, though the methods described are useful for many weak processes. The basic algorithms for the numerical simulation of QCD are well known. We will discuss the advantages and challenges of applying these methods to weak transitions. The algorithms require a very large data base with regular data flow and are natural candidates for vectorization. Also, 32-bit floating point arithmetic is adequate. Thus they are most naturally approached using a supercomputer alone or in combination with a dedicated special purpose processor. (orig.)

Logarithmic unification from symmetries enhanced in the sub-millimeter infrared

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arkani-Hamed, Nima; Dimopoulos, Savas; March-Russell, John

1999-01-01

In theories with TeV string scale and sub-millimeter extra dimensions the attractive picture of logarithmic gauge coupling unification at 10 16 GeV is seemingly destroyed. In this paper we argue to the contrary that logarithmic unification can occur in such theories. The rationale for unification is no longer that a gauge symmetry is restored at short distances, but rather that a geometric symmetry is restored at large distances in the bulk away from our 3-brane. The apparent ''running'' of the gauge couplings to energies far above the string scale actually arises from the logarithmic variation of classical fields in (sets of) two large transverse dimensions. We present a number of N = 2 and N = 1 supersymmetric D-brane constructions illustrating this picture for unification

Study of theory and phenomenology of some classes of family symmetry and unification models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kane, Gordon L.; King, Steve F.; Peddie, Iain N.R.; Velasco-Sevilla, Liliana

2005-01-01

We review and compare theoretically and phenomenologically a number of possible family symmetries, which when combined with unification, could be important in explaining quark, lepton and neutrino masses and mixings, providing new results in several cases. Theoretical possibilities include abelian or non-abelian, symmetric or non symmetric Yukawa matrices, Grand Unification or not. Our main focus is on anomaly-free U(1) family symmetry combined with SU(5) unification, although we also discuss other possibilities. We provide a detailed phenomenological fit of the fermion masses and mixings for several examples, and discuss the supersymmetric flavour issues in such theories, including a detailed analysis of lepton flavour violation. We show that it is not possible to quantitatively and decisively discriminate between these different theoretical possibilities at the present time

A non Supersymmetric SO(10) Grand Unified Model for All the Physics below $M_{GUT}$

CERN Document Server

Altarelli, Guido

2013-01-01

We present a renormalizable non supersymmetric Grand Unified SO(10) model which, at the price of a large fine tuning, is compatible with all compelling phenomenological requirements below the unification scale and thus realizes a minimal extension of the SM, unified in SO(10) and describing all known physics below $M_{GUT}$. These requirements include coupling unification at a large enough scale to be compatible with the bounds on proton decay; a Yukawa sector in agreement with all the data on quark and lepton masses and mixings and with leptogenesis as the origin of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe; an axion arising from the Higgs sector of the model, suitable to solve the strong CP problem and to account for the observed amount of Dark Matter. The above constraints imposed by the data are very stringent and single out a particular breaking chain with the Pati-Salam group at an intermediate scale $M_I\\sim10^{11}$ GeV.

The vacuum of the minimal nonsupersymmetric SO(10) unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bertolini, Stefano; Di Luzio, Luca; Malinsky, Michal

2010-01-01

We study a class of nonsupersymmetric SO(10) grand-unified scenarios where the first stage of the symmetry breaking is driven by the vacuum expectation values of the 45-dimensional adjoint representation. Three-decade-old results claim that such a Higgs setting may lead exclusively to the flipped SU(5) x U(1) intermediate stage. We show that this conclusion is actually an artifact of the tree-level potential. The study of the accidental global symmetries emerging in various limits of the scalar potential offers a simple understanding of the tree-level result and a rationale for the drastic impact of quantum corrections. We scrutinize in detail the simplest and paradigmatic case of the 45 H +16 H Higgs sector triggering the breaking of SO(10) to the standard electroweak model. We show that the minimization of the one-loop effective potential allows for intermediate SU(4) C x SU(2) L x U(1) R and SU(3) c x SU(2) L x SU(2) R x U(1) B-L symmetric stages as well. These are the options favored by gauge unification. Our results, that apply whenever the SO(10) breaking is triggered by H >, open the path for hunting the simplest realistic scenario of nonsupersymmetric SO(10) grand unification.

Hierarchy problem, gauge coupling unification at the Planck scale, and vacuum stability

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Naoyuki Haba

2015-11-01

Full Text Available From the point of view of the gauge hierarchy problem, introducing an intermediate scale in addition to TeV scale and the Planck scale (MPl=2.4×1018 GeV is unfavorable. In that way, a gauge coupling unification (GCU is expected to be realized at MPl. We explore possibilities of GCU at MPl by adding a few extra particles with TeV scale mass into the standard model (SM. When extra particles are fermions and scalars (only fermions with the same mass, the GCU at MPl can (not be realized. On the other hand, when extra fermions have different masses, the GCU can be realized around 8πMPl without extra scalars. This simple SM extension has two advantages that a vacuum becomes stable up to MPl (8πMPl and a proton lifetime becomes much longer than an experimental bound.

Dark Matter after LHC Run I: Clues to Unification

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olive Keith A.

2017-01-01

Full Text Available After the results of Run I, can we still ‘guarantee’ the discovery of supersymmetry at the LHC? It is shown that viable dark matter models in CMSSM-like models tend to lie in strips (co-annihilation, funnel, focus point. The role of grand unification in constructing supersymmetric models is discussed and it is argued that non-supersymmetric GUTs such as SO(10 may provide solutions to many of the standard problems addressed by supersymmetry.

Gauge unification in highly anisotropic string compactifications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hebecker, A.; Trapletti, M.

2005-01-01

It is well known that heterotic string compactifications have, in spite of their conceptual simplicity and aesthetic appeal, a serious problem with precision gauge coupling unification in the perturbative regime of string theory. Using both a duality-based and a field-theoretic definition of the boundary of the perturbative regime, we reevaluate the situation in a quantitative manner. We conclude that the simplest and most promising situations are those where some of the compactification radii are exceptionally large, corresponding to highly anisotropic orbifold models. Thus, one is led to consider constructions which are known to the effective field-theorist as higher-dimensional or orbifold grand unified theories (orbifold GUTs). In particular, if the discrete symmetry used to break the GUT group acts freely, a non-local breaking in the larger compact dimensions can be realized, leading to a precise gauge coupling unification as expected on the basis of the MSSM particle spectrum. Furthermore, a somewhat more model dependent but nevertheless very promising scenario arises if the GUT breaking is restricted to certain singular points within the manifold spanned by the larger compactification radii

The subgroup structure of grand unified theories with application to the fermion mass matrix in 0(10)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feldman, G.; Fulton, T.

1982-01-01

A technique, using the orthonormal basis for roots and weights of compact Lie groups, introduced by Van der Waerden and developed by Dynkin (Am. Math. Soc. Transl.; 17: (1950) and Sec 2,6:111 (1957)) provides a convenient framework for discussing mass relations in grand unification theories. The structure constants Nsub(αβ) for SU(R + 1), O(2R + 1), Sp(2R), O(2R) and G(2) are obtained in an appendix, using an approach arising from this basis. The method for obtaining generators of non-regular subalgebras, in terms of generators of the original algebras, is discussed in terms of the basis. It is necessary to know this structure in order to trace the history of particles, originally in some grand unification group, through the various chains of decompositions into subgroups. As an illustration, the methods are applied to finding the minimal, non-trivial, mass relations for fermions in the O(10) grand unification scheme. (author)

From Minimal to Realistic Supersymmetric SU(5) Grand Unification

CERN Document Server

Altarelli, Guido; Masina, I; Altarelli, Guido; Feruglio, Ferruccio; Masina, Isabella

2000-01-01

We construct and discuss a "realistic" example of SUSY SU(5) GUT model, with an additional U(1) flavour symmetry, that is not plagued by the need of large fine tunings, like those associated with doublet-triplet splitting in the minimal model, and that leads to an acceptable phenomenology. This includes coupling unification with a value of alpha_s(m_Z) in much better agreement with the data than in the minimal version, an acceptable hierarchical pattern for fermion masses and mixing angles, also including neutrino masses and mixings, and a proton decay rate compatible with present limits (but the discovery of proton decay should be within reach of the next generation of experiments). In the neutrino sector the preferred solution is one with nearly maximal mixing both for atmospheric and solar neutrinos.

Low mass-scale parity restoration in expanded gauge theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rajpoot, S.

1982-07-01

It is shown that schemes of grand unification with SU(2n) 4 gauge symmetry permit the embedding of the left-right symmetric SU(2)sub(L)xSU(2)sub(R)xU(1)xSU(3) intermediate symmetry at relatively low energies (between 250 GeV and 1 TeV) as well as allowing light unification mass-scales ( 5 TeV) if n>=3 for values of the weak angle Sin 2 thetasub(W) and the strong coupling αsub(s) in the ranges 0.20 2 thetasub(W)<=0.25, 0.10<=αsub(s)<=0.15. (author)

Symmetry Breaking, Unification, and Theories Beyond the Standard Model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nomura, Yasunori

2009-07-31

A model was constructed in which the supersymmetric fine-tuning problem is solved without extending the Higgs sector at the weak scale. We have demonstrated that the model can avoid all the phenomenological constraints, while avoiding excessive fine-tuning. We have also studied implications of the model on dark matter physics and collider physics. I have proposed in an extremely simple construction for models of gauge mediation. We found that the {mu} problem can be simply and elegantly solved in a class of models where the Higgs fields couple directly to the supersymmetry breaking sector. We proposed a new way of addressing the flavor problem of supersymmetric theories. We have proposed a new framework of constructing theories of grand unification. We constructed a simple and elegant model of dark matter which explains excess flux of electrons/positrons. We constructed a model of dark energy in which evolving quintessence-type dark energy is naturally obtained. We studied if we can find evidence of the multiverse.

Supersymmetry, supergravity, and unification

CERN Document Server

Nath, Pran

2017-01-01

This unique book gives a modern account of particle physics and gravity based on supersymmetry and supergravity, two of the most significant developments in theoretical physics since general relativity. The book begins with a brief overview of the history of unification and then goes into a detailed exposition of both fundamental and phenomenological topics. The topics in fundamental physics include Einstein gravity, Yang-Mills theory, anomalies, the standard model, supersymmetry and supergravity, and the construction of supergravity couplings with matter and gauge fields, as well as computational techniques for SO(10) couplings. The topics of phenomenological interest include implications of supergravity models at colliders, CP violation, and proton stability, as well as topics in cosmology such as inflation, leptogenesis, baryogenesis, and dark matter. The book is intended for graduate students and researchers seeking to master the techniques for building grand unified models.

Functional Pearls : Polytypic Unification

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jansson, P.; Jeuring, J.T.

1998-01-01

Unification, or two-way pattern matching, is the process of solving an equation involving two first-order terms with variables. Unification is used in type inference in many programming languages and in the execution of logic programs. This means that unification algorithms have to be written over

Third-generation effects on fermion mass predictions in supersymmetric grand unified theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naculich, S.G.

1993-01-01

Relations among fermion masses and mixing angles at the scale of grand unification are modified at lower energies by renormalization group running induced by gauge and Yukawa couplings. In supersymmetric theories, the b quark and τ lepton Yukawa couplings, as well as the t quark coupling, may cause significant running if tanβ, the ratio of Higgs field expectation values, is large. We present approximate analytic expressions for the scaling factors for fermion masses and CKM matrix elements induced by all three third generation Yukawa couplings. We then determine how running caused by the third generation of fermions affects the predictions arising from three possible forms for the Yukawa coupling matrices at the GUT scale: the Georgi-Jarlskog, Giudice, and Fritzsch textures

Supersymmetric moduli stabilization and high-scale inflation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buchmueller, Wilfried; Wieck, Clemens; Winkler, Martin Wolfgang

2014-04-01

We study the back-reaction of moduli fields on the inflaton potential in generic models of F-term inflation. We derive the moduli corrections as a power series in the ratio of Hubble scale and modulus mass. The general result is illustrated with two examples, hybrid inflation and chaotic inflation. We find that in both cases the decoupling of moduli dynamics and inflation requires moduli masses close to the scale of grand unification. For smaller moduli masses the CMB observables are strongly affected.

Dynkin weights and global supersymmetry in grand unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frampton, P.H.; Kephart, T.W.

1982-01-01

The requirement that supersymmetry be unbroken in a supersymmetrized gauge theory is shown to imply vanishing Dynkin weight of the components of the Higgs field representation receiving vacuum expectation values. As a corollary a compact expression is obtained for the Dynkin weights of general SU(N) representations. Examples are given for supersymmetrized grand unified theories

Two-loop renormalization group analysis of supersymmetric SO(10) models with an intermediate scale

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bastero-Gil, M.; Brahmachari, B.

1996-03-01

Two-loop evolutions of the gauge couplings in a class of intermediate scale supersymmetric SO(10) models including the effect of third generation Yukawa couplings are studied. The unification scale, the intermediate scale and the value of the unification gauge coupling in these models are calculated and the gauge boson mediated proton decay rates are estimated. In some cases the predicted proton lifetime turns out to be in the border-line of experimental limit. The predictions of the top quark mass, the mass ratio m b (m b )/m τ (m τ ) from the two-loop evolution of Yukawa couplings and the mass of the left handed neutrino via see-saw mechanism are summarized. The lower bounds on the ratio of the VEVs of the two low energy doublets (tan β) from the requirement of the perturbative unitarity of the top quark Yukawa coupling up to the grand unification scale are also presented. All the predictions have been compared with those of the one-step unified theory. (author). 33 refs, 5 figs, 1 tab

Gauge coupling unification in six dimensions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, H.M. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)]|[Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Dept. of Physics

2006-11-15

We compute the one-loop gauge couplings in six-dimensional non-Abelian gauge theories on the T{sup 2}/Z{sub 2} orbifold with general GUT breaking boundary conditions. For concreteness, we apply the obtained general formulae to the gauge coupling running in a 6D SO(10) orbifold GUT where the GUT group is broken down to the standard model gauge group up to an extra U(1). We find that the one-loop corrections depend on the parity matrices encoding the orbifold boundary conditions as well as the volume and shape moduli of extra dimensions. When the U(1) is broken by the VEV of bulk singlets, the accompanying extra color triplets also affect the unification of the gauge couplings. In this case, the B-L breaking scale is closely linked to the compactification scales for maintaining a success of the gauge coupling unification. (orig.)

Gauge hierarchy problem in grand unified theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alhendi, H.A.A.

1982-01-01

In grand unification schemes, several mass scales are to be introduced, with some of them much larger than all the others, to cope with experimental observations, in which elementary particles of higher masses require higher energy to observe them than elementary particles of lower masses. There have been controversial arguments in the literature on such hierarchical scale structure, when radiative corrections are taken into account. It has been asserted that the gauge hierarchy depends on the choice of the subtraction point (in the classical field space), of the four-point function at zero external momentum. It also has been asserted that the gauge hierarchy problem whenever it is possible to be maintained in one sector of particles, it also is possible to be maintained in the other sectors. These two problems have been studied in a prototype model, namely an 0(3)-model with two triplets of real scalar Higgs fields. Our analysis shows that, within ordinary perturbation theory, none of these two problems is quite correct

Grand unification in the projective plane

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hebecker, A.

2004-01-01

A 6-dimensional grand unified theory with the compact space having the topology of a real projective plane, i.e., a 2-sphere with opposite points identified, is considered. The space is locally flat except for two conical singularities where the curvature is concentrated. One supersymmetry is preserved in the effective 4d theory. The unified gauge symmetry, for example SU(5), is broken only by the non-trivial global topology. In contrast to the Hosotani mechanism, no adjoint Wilson-line modulus associated with this breaking appears. Since, locally, SU(5) remains a good symmetry everywhere, no UV-sensitive threshold corrections arise and SU(5)-violating local operators are forbidden. Doublet-triplet splitting can be addressed in the context of a 6d N=2 super Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(6). If this symmetry is first broken to SU(5) at a fixed point and then further reduced to the standard model group in the above non-local way, the two light Higgs doublets of the MSSM are predicted by the group-theoretical and geometrical structure of the model. (author)

Proceedings of the fourth workshop on grand unification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weldon, H.A.; Langacker, P.; Steinhardt, P.J.

1983-01-01

This book compiles the papers presented at the fourth conference of grand unified theories of nuclear physics held in University of Pennsylvania April 1983. The topics covered were proton decay theory; angular distribution and flux of atmospheric neutrinos; atmospheric neutrinos and astrophysical neutrinos in proton decay experiments; review of future nucleon decay experiments; monopole experiments; searches for magnetic monopole; monopoles, gauge, fields and anomalies; darkmatter, galaxies and voids; adiabatic fluctuations; supersymmetry, supergravity, and Kaluza-Klein theories; superstring theory and superunification.

Unification of SUSY breaking and GUT breaking

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kobayashi, Tatsuo [Department of Physics, Hokkaido University,Sapporo 060-0810 (Japan); Omura, Yuji [Department of Physics, Nagoya University,Nagoya 464-8602 (Japan)

2015-02-18

We build explicit supersymmetric unification models where grand unified gauge symmetry breaking and supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking are caused by the same sector. Besides, the SM-charged particles are also predicted by the symmetry breaking sector, and they give the soft SUSY breaking terms through the so-called gauge mediation. We investigate the mass spectrums in an explicit model with SU(5) and additional gauge groups, and discuss its phenomenological aspects. Especially, nonzero A-term and B-term are generated at one-loop level according to the mediation via the vector superfields, so that the electro-weak symmetry breaking and 125 GeV Higgs mass may be achieved by the large B-term and A-term even if the stop mass is around 1 TeV.

Higgsless grand unified theory breaking and trinification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carone, Christopher D.; Conroy, Justin M.

2004-01-01

Boundary conditions on an extra dimensional interval can be chosen to break bulk gauge symmetries and to reduce the rank of the gauge group. We consider this mechanism in models with gauge trinification. We determine the boundary conditions necessary to break the trinified gauge group directly down to that of the standard model. Working in an effective theory for the gauge-symmetry-breaking parameters on a boundary, we examine the limit in which the grand-unified theory-breaking-sector is Higgsless and show how one may obtain the low-energy particle content of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. We find that gauge unification is preserved in this scenario, and that the differential gauge coupling running is logarithmic above the scale of compactification. We compare the phenomenology of our model to that of four dimensional 'trinified' theories

SAT Encoding of Unification in EL

Science.gov (United States)

Baader, Franz; Morawska, Barbara

Unification in Description Logics has been proposed as a novel inference service that can, for example, be used to detect redundancies in ontologies. In a recent paper, we have shown that unification in EL is NP-complete, and thus of a complexity that is considerably lower than in other Description Logics of comparably restricted expressive power. In this paper, we introduce a new NP-algorithm for solving unification problems in EL, which is based on a reduction to satisfiability in propositional logic (SAT). The advantage of this new algorithm is, on the one hand, that it allows us to employ highly optimized state-of-the-art SAT solvers when implementing an EL-unification algorithm. On the other hand, this reduction provides us with a proof of the fact that EL-unification is in NP that is much simpler than the one given in our previous paper on EL-unification.

Gauge hierarchy in an SO(10) supersymmetric grand unified model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhiyong, Z.

1982-01-01

An SO(10) supersymmetric grand unified model is constructed in which the gauge hierarchy problem may be solved. Using Higgs superfields belonging to the SO(10) representations 16, 10 and 54, it is found that if SO(10) is broken down to SU(3)sub(c)xSU(2)sub(L)xU(1) via SO(6)xSO(4)approximately equal to SU(4)sub(c)xSU(2)sub(L)xSU(2)sub(R) at unification mass scales without supersymmetry breaking, the gauge hierarchy puzzle might be carried away. It is also shown that the colour-triplet Higgs, which mediates proton decay, is superheavy by an incredibly accurate, but 'natural' adjustment of parameters in the potential. (author)

Cosmological implications of grand unified theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nanopoulos, D.V.

1982-01-01

These lectures, mainly devoted to the cosmological implications of GUTs, also include the essential ingredients of GUTs and some of their important applications to particle physics. Section 1 contains some basic points concerning the structure of the standard strong and electroweak interactions prior to grand unification. A detailed expose of GUTs is attempted in sect. 2, including their basci principles and their consequences for particle physics. The minimal, simplest GUT, SU 5 is analysed in some detail and it will be used throughout these lectures as the GUT prototype. Finally, sect. 3 contains the most important cosmological implications of GUTs, including baryon number generation in the early Universe (in rather lengthy detail), dissipative processes in the very early Universe, grand unified monopoles, etc. (orig./HSI)

Reduced modular symmetries of threshold corrections and gauge coupling unification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bailin, David; Love, Alex [Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sussex,Brighton, BN1 9QH (United Kingdom)

2015-04-01

We revisit the question of gauge coupling unification at the string scale in orbifold compactifications of the heterotic string for the supersymmetric Standard Model. In the presence of discrete Wilson lines threshold corrections with modular symmetry that is a subgroup of the full modular group arise. We find that reduced modular symmetries not previously reported are possible. We conjecture that the effects of such threshold corrections can be simulated using sums of terms built from Dedekind eta functions to obtain the appropriate modular symmetry. For the cases of the ℤ{sub 8}-I orbifold and the ℤ{sub 3}×ℤ{sub 6} orbifold it is easily possible to obtain gauge coupling unification at the “observed” scale with Kähler moduli T of approximately one.

SU(5) unification revisited

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Giveon, A.; Sarid, U.; Hall, L.J.; California Univ., Berkeley, CA

1991-01-01

Model-independent criteria for unification in the SU(5) framework are studied. These are applied to the minimal supersymmetric standard model and to the standard model with a split 45 Higgs representation. Although the former is consistent with SU(5) unification, the superpartner masses can vary over a wide range, and may even all lie well beyond the reach of planned colliders. Adding a split 45 to the standard model can also satisfy the unification criteria, so supersymmetric SU(5) is far from unique. Furthermore, we learn that separate Higgs doublets must couple to the top and bottom quarks in order to give a correct m b /m τ prediction. (orig.)

Aspects of the flipped unification of strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ellis, J.; Hagelin, J.S.; Kelley, S.; Nanopoulos, D.V.

1988-12-19

We explore phenomenological aspects of a recently proposed flipped SU(5) x U(1) supersymmetric GUT which incorporates an economical and natural mechanism for splitting Higgs doublets and triplets, and can be derived from string theory. Using experimental values of sin/sup 2/theta/sub W/ and the strong QCD coupling, we estimate the grand unification scale M/sub G/, where the strong and weak coupling strengths are equal, and the superunification scale M/sub SU/, where all couplings are equal. We find typical values of M/sub G/ approx. = 10/sup 15/ to 10/sup 17/ GeV, with M/sub SU/ somewhat higher and close to the value suggested by string models. We discuss different mechanisms for baryon decay, finding that the dominant one is gauge-boson exchange giving rise to p -> e/sup +/ /sup 0/, anti /sup +/ and n -> e/sup +/ /sup -/, anti /sup 0/ with partial lifetimes approx. = 10/sup 35+-2/ y. We show that a large GUT symmetry-breaking scale M/sub G/ is naturally generated by radiative corrections to the effective potential if a small amount approx. = m/sub W/ of soft supersymmetry breaking is generated dynamically at a large scale. We analyze the low-energy effective theory obtained using the renormalization group equations, demonstrating that electroweak symmetry breaking is obtained if m/sub t/ approx. = 60 to 90 GeV. We analyze the spectrum of sparticles, with particular attention to neutralinos.

String unification and leptophobic Z` in flipped SU(5)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopez, J.L. [Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States). Bonner Nuclear Labs.

1997-01-01

We summarize recent developments in the prediction for {alpha}{sub s}(M{sub Z}), self-consistent string unification and the dynamical determination of mass scales, and leptophobic Z` gauge bosons in the context of stringy flipped SU(5). (orig.).

Induced gravity II: grand unification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Einhorn, Martin B. [Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kohn Hall,University of California,Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4030 (United States); Jones, D.R. Timothy [Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kohn Hall,University of California,Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4030 (United States); Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool,Peach Street, Liverpool L69 3BX (United Kingdom)

2016-05-31

As an illustration of a renormalizable, asymptotically-free model of induced gravity, we consider an SO(10) gauge theory interacting with a real scalar multiplet in the adjoint representation. We show that dimensional transmutation can occur, spontaneously breaking SO(10) to SU(5)⊗U(1), while inducing the Planck mass and a positive cosmological constant, all proportional to the same scale v. All mass ratios are functions of the values of coupling constants at that scale. Below this scale (at which the Big Bang may occur), the model takes the usual form of Einstein-Hilbert gravity in de Sitter space plus calculable corrections. We show that there exist regions of parameter space in which the breaking results in a local minimum of the effective action giving a positive dilaton (mass){sup 2} from two-loop corrections associated with the conformal anomaly. Furthermore, unlike the singlet case we considered previously, some minima lie within the basin of attraction of the ultraviolet fixed point. Moreover, the asymptotic behavior of the coupling constants also lie within the range of convergence of the Euclidean path integral, so there is hope that there will be candidates for sensible vacua. Although open questions remain concerning unitarity of all such renormalizable models of gravity, it is not obvious that, in curved backgrounds such as those considered here, unitarity is violated. In any case, any violation that may remain will be suppressed by inverse powers of the reduced Planck mass.

Stability of mass hierarchy in locally supersymmetric grand unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nishino, H.; Helayel-Neto, J.A.; Koh, I.G.

1984-06-01

Some locally supersymmetric SU(5) grand unified models with a sliding singlet and two pairs of 5sub(tilde) and 5sub(tilde)* Higgs multiplets are considered from the viewpoint of universal baryon asymmetry and the one-loop stability of mass hierarchy. A new mechanism based on ''sliding singlet reflection symmetry'' to avoid the problem of the mass hierarchical stability is proposed. The stability is shown up to two-loop levels for some models. All order stability is also discussed. (author)

Unification and new particles at the LHC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arkani-Hamed, Nima; D’Agnolo, Raffaele Tito; Low, Matthew [School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study,Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540 (United States); Pinner, David [Princeton Center for Theoretical Physics, Princeton University,Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States)

2016-11-14

Precision gauge coupling unification is one of the primary quantitative successes of low energy or split supersymmetry. Preserving this success puts severe restrictions on possible matter and gauge sectors that might appear at collider-accessible energies. In this work we enumerate new gauge sectors which are compatible with unification, consisting of horizontal gauge groups acting on vector-like matter charged under the Standard Model. Interestingly, almost all of these theories are in the supersymmetric conformal window at high energies and confine quickly after the superpartners are decoupled. For a range of scalar masses compatible with both moderately tuned and minimally split supersymmetry, the confining dynamics happen at the multi-TeV scale, leading to a spectrum of multiple spin-0 and spin-1 resonances accessible to the LHC, with unusual quantum numbers and striking decay patterns.

Unification and new particles at the LHC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arkani-Hamed, Nima; D’Agnolo, Raffaele Tito; Low, Matthew; Pinner, David

2016-01-01

Precision gauge coupling unification is one of the primary quantitative successes of low energy or split supersymmetry. Preserving this success puts severe restrictions on possible matter and gauge sectors that might appear at collider-accessible energies. In this work we enumerate new gauge sectors which are compatible with unification, consisting of horizontal gauge groups acting on vector-like matter charged under the Standard Model. Interestingly, almost all of these theories are in the supersymmetric conformal window at high energies and confine quickly after the superpartners are decoupled. For a range of scalar masses compatible with both moderately tuned and minimally split supersymmetry, the confining dynamics happen at the multi-TeV scale, leading to a spectrum of multiple spin-0 and spin-1 resonances accessible to the LHC, with unusual quantum numbers and striking decay patterns.

Light higgsino for gauge coupling unification

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kwang Sik Jeong

2017-06-01

Full Text Available We explore gauge coupling unification and dark matter in high scale supersymmetry where the scale of supersymmetry breaking is much above the weak scale. The gauge couplings unify as precisely as in low energy supersymmetry if the higgsinos, whose mass does not break supersymmetry, are much lighter than those obtaining masses from supersymmetry breaking. The dark matter of the universe can then be explained by the neutral higgsino or the gravitino. High scale supersymmetry with light higgsinos requires a large Higgs mixing parameter for electroweak symmetry breaking to take place. It is thus naturally realized in models where superparticle masses are generated at loop level while the Higgs mixing parameter is induced at tree level, like in anomaly and gauge mediation of supersymmetry breaking.

Light higgsino for gauge coupling unification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jeong, Kwang Sik, E-mail: ksjeong@pusan.ac.kr

2017-06-10

We explore gauge coupling unification and dark matter in high scale supersymmetry where the scale of supersymmetry breaking is much above the weak scale. The gauge couplings unify as precisely as in low energy supersymmetry if the higgsinos, whose mass does not break supersymmetry, are much lighter than those obtaining masses from supersymmetry breaking. The dark matter of the universe can then be explained by the neutral higgsino or the gravitino. High scale supersymmetry with light higgsinos requires a large Higgs mixing parameter for electroweak symmetry breaking to take place. It is thus naturally realized in models where superparticle masses are generated at loop level while the Higgs mixing parameter is induced at tree level, like in anomaly and gauge mediation of supersymmetry breaking.

Oasis in the desert: weakly broken parity in grand unified theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Senjanovic, G.

1981-07-01

A discussion of low energy parity restoration in simple grand unified theories, such as SO(10), is presented. The consistency of phenomenological requirements and unification constraints is emphasized and various predictions of the theory are stressed, in particular: substantially lighter W and Z bosons than in the standard model and increased stability of the proton with tau/sub p/ approx. = 10 38 years

On grand unified SU(8)sub(L) x SU(8)sub(R) model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pirogov, Yu.F.

1980-01-01

In the model of early chiral grand unification SU(8)sub(L)xSU(8)sub(R) with intermediate symmetry hierarchies the radiation corrections for sinsup(2)thetasub(W)(μ) and α(μ) are calculated and unification mass M 8 is found in the one loop approximation with Higgs fields contribution being neglected. It is shown that there exists a natural hierarchy, leading to the decrease of sinsup(2)thetasub(W)(Msub(W)) down to the value sinsup(2)thetasub(W)=1/5-1/4 and simultaneous decrease of M 8 down to M 8 =(10 6 -10 7 ) GeV as compared with the values when there is no hierarchy [ru

SU(5)×U(1)X grand unification with minimal seesaw and Z‧-portal dark matter

Science.gov (United States)

Okada, Nobuchika; Okada, Satomi; Raut, Digesh

2018-05-01

We propose a grand unified SU (5) × U(1)X model, where the standard SU(5) grand unified theory is supplemented by minimal seesaw and a right-handed neutrino dark matter with an introduction of a global Z2-parity. In the presence of three right-handed neutrinos (RHNs), the model is free from all gauge and mixed-gravitational anomalies. The SU(5) symmetry is broken into the Standard Model (SM) gauge group at MGUT ≃ 4 ×1016GeV in the standard manner, while the U(1)X symmetry breaking occurs at the TeV scale, which generates the TeV-scale mass of the U(1)X gauge boson (Z‧ boson) and the three Majorana RHNs. A unique Z2-odd RHN is stable and serves as the dark matter (DM) in the present Universe, while the remaining two RHNs work to generate the SM neutrino masses through the minimal seesaw. We investigate the Z‧-portal RHN DM scenario in this model context. We find that the constraints from the DM relic abundance, and the Z‧ boson search at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and the perturbativity bound on the U(1)X gauge coupling are complementary to narrow down the allowed parameter region in the range of 3.0 ≤mZ‧ [TeV ] ≤ 9.2 for the Z‧ boson mass. The allowed region for mZ‧ ≤ 5TeV will be fully covered by the future LHC experiments. We also briefly discuss the successful implementation of Baryogenesis and cosmological inflation scenarios in the present model.

GUT scale and superpartner masses from anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chacko, Z.; Luty, Markus A.; Ponton, Eduardo; Shadmi, Yael; Shirman, Yuri

2001-01-01

We consider models of anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking (AMSB) in which the grand unification (GUT) scale is determined by the vacuum expectation value of a chiral superfield. If the anomaly-mediated contributions to the potential are balanced by gravitational-strength interactions, a GUT scale of M Planck /(16π 2 ) can be generated. The GUT threshold also affects superpartner masses, and can easily give rise to realistic predictions if the GUT gauge group is asymptotically free. We give an explicit example of a model with these features, in which the doublet-triplet splitting problem is solved. The resulting superpartner spectrum is very different from that of previously considered AMSB models, with gaugino masses typically unifying at the GUT scale

Dark matter, mirror world, and E6 unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Das, Ch. R.; Laperashvili, L. V.

2009-01-01

The idea that the ordinary (O) and mirror (M) worlds exist simultaneously is developed. It is shown that, in the case of a violated mirror parity (MP), the renormalization-group evolution of the coupling constants, which is represented in the O world by the dependence α i -1 (μ) (μ is an energy variable), is not identical to the evolution of the coupling constants α' i -1 (μ) in the M world. Here, the index i labels the symmetry group under consideration, while a dash labels quantities defined in the M world. It is assumed that E 6 unification predicted by superstring theory restores MP at the unification scale M SGUT ∼ 10 18 GeV, this inevitably leading to the difference in the violation of E 6 unification in the O and M worlds at lower energies: E 6 → SO(10) x U(1) Z and E' 6 → SU(6)' x SU(2)' Z . Considering only asymptotically free theories, we present the evolution of all the inverse coupling constants α i -1 (μ) in the one-loop approximation. In dealing with the M world involving MP violation, we then arrive at the model of the accelerating expansion of our Universe, where the axion ('acceleron') belongs to the SU(2)' Z group of the M world. The coupling constant g' Z , which grows indefinitely at the scale Λ' Z ∼ 10 -3 eV, is associated with this group. Within this theory, our Universe is in the false vacuum of the M world, in agreement with the phenomenologically observed cosmological constant of about (3 x 10 -3 eV) 4 .

Higher-derivative Lee-Wick unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carone, Christopher D.

2009-01-01

We consider gauge coupling unification in Lee-Wick extensions of the Standard Model that include higher-derivative quadratic terms beyond the minimally required set. We determine how the beta functions are modified when some Standard Model particles have two Lee-Wick partners. We show that gauge coupling unification can be achieved in such models without requiring the introduction of additional fields in the higher-derivative theory and we comment on possible ultraviolet completions.

Natural fermion mass hierarchy and mixings in family unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dent, James B.; Feger, Robert; Kephart, Thomas W.; Nandi, S.

2011-01-01

We present an SU(9) model of family unification with three light chiral families, and a natural hierarchy of charged fermion masses and mixings. The existence of singlet right handed neutrinos with masses about two orders of magnitude smaller than the GUT scale, as needed to understand the light neutrinos masses via the see-saw mechanism, is compelling in our model.

SU(8) family unification with boson-fermion balance

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2014-01-01

Grand unification has been intensively investigated for over forty years, and many different approaches have been tried. In this talk I propose a model that involves three ingredients that do not appear in the usual constructions: (1) boson--fermion balance without full supersymmetry, (2) canceling the spin 1/2 fermion gauge anomalies against the anomaly from a gauged spin 3/2 gravitino, and (3) using a scalar field representation with non-zero U(1) generator to break the SU(8) gauge symmetry through a ground state which, before dynamical symmetry breaking, has a periodic U(1) generator structure. The model has a number of promising features: (1) natural incorporation of three families, (2) incorporation of the experimentally viable flipped SU(5) model, (3) a symmetry breaking pathway to the standard model using the scalar field required by boson-fermion balance, together with a stage of most attractive channel dynamical symmetry breaking, without postulating additional Higgs fields, (4) vanishing of bare Yuk...

Family unification within SO(15)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Enqvist, K.; Maalampi, J.

1981-01-01

We present a model for the unification of fermion families based on the gauge symmetry SO(15). It is a minimal SO(n) model which can accommodate the known fermions within a single irreducible representation. The model predicts four ordinary fermion families and four families of mirror fermions. The latter have V + A weak interactions, and their mass scale is predicted to be 10 2 GeV/c 2 . We argue that radiative corrections to the fermion masses can cause non-negligible mixing between ordinary and mirror fermions. The implications of these mixings for the weak interaction phenomenology and solar neutrinos are discussed. (orig.)

Preon Model and Family Replicated E_6 Unification

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Larisa V. Laperashvili

2008-02-01

Full Text Available Previously we suggested a new preon model of composite quark-leptons and bosons with the 'flipped' $E_6imes widetilde{E_6}$ gauge symmetry group. We assumed that preons are dyons having both hyper-electric $g$ and hyper-magnetic $ilde g$ charges, and these preons-dyons are confined by hyper-magnetic strings which are an ${f N}=1$ supersymmetric non-Abelian flux tubes created by the condensation of spreons near the Planck scale. In the present paper we show that the existence of the three types of strings with tensions $T_k=k T_0$ $(k = 1,2,3$ producing three (and only three generations of composite quark-leptons, also provides three generations of composite gauge bosons ('hyper-gluons' and, as a consequence, predicts the family replicated $[E_6]^3$ unification at the scale $sim 10^{17}$ GeV. This group of unification has the possibility of breaking to the group of symmetry: $ [SU(3_C]^3imes [SU(2_L]^3imes [U(1_Y]^3 imes [U(1_{(B-L}]^3$ which undergoes the breakdown to the Standard Model at lower energies. Some predictive advantages of the family replicated gauge groups of symmetry are briefly discussed.

Lie groups and grand unified theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gubitoso, M.D.

1987-01-01

This work presents some concepts in group theory and Lie algebras and, at same time, shows a method to study and work with semisimple Lie groups, based on Dynkin diagrams. The aproach taken is not completely formal, but it presents the main points of the elaboration of the method, so its mathematical basis is designed with the purpose of making the reading not so cumbersome to those who are interested only in a general picture of the method and its usefulness. At the end it is shown a brief review of gauge theories and two grand-unification models based on SO(13) and E 7 gauge groups. (author) [pt

CARINA data synthesis project: pH data scale unification and cruise adjustments

Science.gov (United States)

Velo, A.; Pérez, F. F.; Lin, X.; Key, R. M.; Tanhua, T.; de La Paz, M.; Olsen, A.; van Heuven, S.; Jutterström, S.; Ríos, A. F.

2010-05-01

Data on carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 previously non-publicly available cruise data sets in the Artic Mediterranean Seas (AMS), Atlantic Ocean and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged to a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic Ocean). These data have gone through rigorous quality control (QC) procedures to assure the highest possible quality and consistency. The data for most of the measured parameters in the CARINA database were objectively examined in order to quantify systematic differences in the reported values. Systematic biases found in the data have been corrected in the data products, three merged data files with measured, calculated and interpolated data for each of the three CARINA regions; AMS, Atlantic Ocean and Southern Ocean. Out of a total of 188 cruise entries in the CARINA database, 59 reported pH measured values. All reported pH data have been unified to the Sea-Water Scale (SWS) at 25 °C. Here we present details of the secondary QC of pH in the CARINA database and the scale unification to SWS at 25 °C. The pH scale has been converted for 36 cruises. Procedures of quality control, including crossover analysis between cruises and inversion analysis are described. Adjustments were applied to the pH values for 21 of the cruises in the CARINA dataset. With these adjustments the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with the GLODAP data, an oceanographic data set based on the World Hydrographic Program in the 1990s. Based on our analysis we estimate the internal consistency of the CARINA pH data to be 0.005 pH units. The CARINA data are now suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates, for ocean acidification assessment and for model validation.

Necessity of intermediate mass scales in grand unified theories with spontaneously broken CP invariance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Senjanovic, G.

1982-07-01

It is demonstrated that the spontaneous breakdown of CP invariance in grand unified theories requires the presence of intermediate mass scales. The simplest realization is provided by weakly broken left-right symmetry in the context of SU(2)sub(L) x SU(2)sub(R) x U(1)sub(B-L) model embedded in grand unified theories. (author)

The string unification of gauge couplings and gauge kinetic mixings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hattori, Chuichiro; Matsuda, Masahisa; Matsuoka, Takeo; Mochinaga, Daizo.

1993-01-01

In the superstring models we have not only the complete 27 multiplets of E 6 but also extra incomplete (27+27-bar) chiral supermultiplets being alive at low energies. Associated with these additional multiplets, when the gauge symmetry contains more than one U(1) gauge group, there may exist gauge kinetic mixings among these U(1) gauge groups. In such cases the effect of gauge kinetic mixings should be incorporated into the study of unification of gauge couplings. We study these interesting effects systematically in these models. The string threshold effect is also taken into account. It is found that in the four-generation models we do not have an advisable solution of string unification of gauge couplings consistent with experimental values at the electroweak scale. We also discuss the possible scenarios to solve this problem. (author)

Psychotherapy Integration via Theoretical Unification

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Warren W. Tryon

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Meaningful psychotherapy integration requires theoretical unification because psychotherapists can only be expected to treat patients with the same diagnoses similarly if they understand these disorders similarly and if they agree on the mechanisms by which effective treatments work. Tryon (in press has proposed a transtheoretic transdiagnostic psychotherapy based on an Applied Psychological Science (APS clinical orientation, founded on a BioPsychology Network explanatory system that provides sufficient theoretical unification to support meaningful psychotherapy integration. That proposal focused mainly on making a neuroscience argument. This article makes a different argument for theoretical unification and consequently psychotherapy integration. The strength of theories of psychotherapy, like all theory, is to focus on certain topics, goals, and methods. But this strength is also a weakness because it can blind one to alternative perspectives and thereby promote unnecessary competition among therapies. This article provides a broader perspective based on learning and memory that is consistent with the behavioral, cognitive, cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, pharmacologic, and Existential/Humanistic/Experiential clinical orientations. It thereby provides a basis for meaningful psychotherapy integration.

Neutrino masses and b - τ unification in the supersymmetric standard model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vissani, F.; Smirnov, A.Yu.

1994-05-01

There are several indications that the Majorana masses of the right-handed neutrino components, M R , are at the intermediate scale: M R ∼ (10 10 - 10 12 ) GeV or even lighter. The renormalization effects due to large Yukawa couplings of neutrinos from region of momenta M R G are studied in the supersymmetric standard model. It is shown that neutrino renormalization effect can increase the m b /m τ ratio up to (10/15)%. This strongly disfavors m b - m τ unification for low values of tan β s . Lower bound on M R and tan β from the b - τ unification condition were found. The implications of the results to the see-saw mechanism of the neutrino mass generation are discussed. (author). 17 refs, 4 figs

A new flavour imprint of SU(5-like grand unification and its LHC signatures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Fichet

2015-03-01

Full Text Available We point out that the hypothesis of an SU(5-like supersymmetric Grand Unified Theory (GUT implies a generic relation within the flavour structure of up-type squarks. Contrary to other well-known SU(5 relations between the down-quark and charged lepton sectors, this relation remains exact in the presence of any corrections and extra operators. Moreover it remains valid to a good precision at the electroweak scale, and opens thus new possibilities for testing SU(5-like GUTs. We derive the low-energy effective theory of observable light up-type squarks, that also constitutes a useful tool for squark phenomenology. We use this effective theory to determine how to test SU(5 relations at the LHC. Focusing on scenarios with light stops, compatible with Natural SUSY, it appears that simple tests involving ratios of event rates are sufficient to test the hypothesis of an SU(5-like GUT theory. The techniques of charm-tagging and top-polarimetry are a crucial ingredient of these tests.

The economic implications of Korean unification

OpenAIRE

Schmitz, Jonathan L.

2002-01-01

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited A major area of concern for Korean unification is the immense cost it will impose on South Korea. To lessen this burden, South Korea will need to initiate policy reforms that can ease the financial stress and repercussions of unification and create an integrated economic community with North Korea. At the same time, North Korea will need to create an environment that is conducive to economic integration by accepting and adopting reform me...

Structural convergence under reversible and irreversible monetary unification

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Beetsma, R.M.W.J.; Jensen, H.

2003-01-01

We explore endogenous monetary unification in the context of a model in which a country with serious structural distortions (and, hence, high inflation) is admitted into a monetary union once its economic structure has converged sufficiently towards that of the existing participants. If unification

Structural convergence under reversible and irreversible monetary unification

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Beetsma, R.M.W.J.; Jensen, H.

1999-01-01

We explore endogenous monetary unification in the context of a model in which a country with serious structural distortions (and, hence, high inflation) is admitted into a monetary union once its economic structure has converged sufficiently towards that of the existing participants. If unification

Grand unification scale primordial black holes: consequences and constraints.

Science.gov (United States)

Anantua, Richard; Easther, Richard; Giblin, John T

2009-09-11

A population of very light primordial black holes which evaporate before nucleosynthesis begins is unconstrained unless the decaying black holes leave stable relics. We show that gravitons Hawking radiated from these black holes would source a substantial stochastic background of high frequency gravititational waves (10(12) Hz or more) in the present Universe. These black holes may lead to a transient period of matter-dominated expansion. In this case the primordial Universe could be temporarily dominated by large clusters of "Hawking stars" and the resulting gravitational wave spectrum is independent of the initial number density of primordial black holes.

Hidden SUSY from precision gauge unification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krippendorf, Sven; Nilles, Hans Peter [Bonn Univ. (Germany). Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics; Bonn Univ. (Germany). Physikalisches Inst.; Ratz, Michael [Technische Univ. Muenchen, Garching (Germany). Physik-Department; Winkler, Martin Wolfgang [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)

2013-06-15

We revisit the implications of naturalness and gauge unification in the MSSM. We find that precision unification of the couplings in connection with a small {mu} parameter requires a highly compressed gaugino pattern as it is realized in mirage mediation. Due to the small mass difference between gluino and LSP, collider limits on the gluino mass are drastically relaxed. Without further assumptions, the relic density of the LSP is very close to the observed dark matter density due to coannihilation effects.

Hidden SUSY from precision gauge unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krippendorf, Sven; Nilles, Hans Peter

2013-06-01

We revisit the implications of naturalness and gauge unification in the MSSM. We find that precision unification of the couplings in connection with a small μ parameter requires a highly compressed gaugino pattern as it is realized in mirage mediation. Due to the small mass difference between gluino and LSP, collider limits on the gluino mass are drastically relaxed. Without further assumptions, the relic density of the LSP is very close to the observed dark matter density due to coannihilation effects.

Dark matter from unification

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kainulainen, Kimmo; Tuominen, Kimmo; Virkajärvi, Jussi Tuomas

2013-01-01

We consider a minimal extension of the Standard Model (SM), which leads to unification of the SM coupling constants, breaks electroweak symmetry dynamically by a new strongly coupled sector and leads to novel dark matter candidates. In this model, the coupling constant unification requires...... eigenstates of this sector and determine the resulting relic density. The results are constrained by available data from colliders and direct and indirect dark matter experiments. We find the model viable and outline briefly future research directions....... the existence of electroweak triplet and doublet fermions singlet under QCD and new strong dynamics underlying the Higgs sector. Among these new matter fields and a new right handed neutrino, we consider the mass and mixing patterns of the neutral states. We argue for a symmetry stabilizing the lightest mass...

Simple unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ponce, W.A.; Zepeda, A.

1987-08-01

We present the results obtained from our systematic search of a simple Lie group that unifies weak and electromagnetic interactions in a single truly unified theory. We work with fractionally charged quarks, and allow for particles and antiparticles to belong to the same irreducible representation. We found that models based on SU(6), SU(7), SU(8) and SU(10) are viable candidates for simple unification. (author). 23 refs

CARINA data synthesis project: pH data scale unification and cruise adjustments

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Velo

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Data on carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 previously non-publicly available cruise data sets in the Artic Mediterranean Seas (AMS, Atlantic Ocean and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged to a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic Ocean.

These data have gone through rigorous quality control (QC procedures to assure the highest possible quality and consistency. The data for most of the measured parameters in the CARINA database were objectively examined in order to quantify systematic differences in the reported values. Systematic biases found in the data have been corrected in the data products, three merged data files with measured, calculated and interpolated data for each of the three CARINA regions; AMS, Atlantic Ocean and Southern Ocean. Out of a total of 188 cruise entries in the CARINA database, 59 reported pH measured values. All reported pH data have been unified to the Sea-Water Scale (SWS at 25 °C.

Here we present details of the secondary QC of pH in the CARINA database and the scale unification to SWS at 25 °C. The pH scale has been converted for 36 cruises. Procedures of quality control, including crossover analysis between cruises and inversion analysis are described. Adjustments were applied to the pH values for 21 of the cruises in the CARINA dataset. With these adjustments the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with the GLODAP data, an oceanographic data set based on the World Hydrographic Program in the 1990s. Based on our analysis we estimate the internal consistency of the CARINA pH data to be 0.005 pH units. The CARINA data are now suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates, for ocean acidification assessment and for model validation.

New aspects of flavour model building in supersymmetric grand unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spinrath, Martin

2010-01-01

We derive predictions for Yukawa coupling ratios within Grand Unified Theories generated from operators with mass dimension four and five. These relations are a characteristic property of unified flavour models and can reduce the large number of free parameters related to the flavour sector of the Standard Model. The Yukawa couplings of the down-type quarks and charged leptons are affected within supersymmetric models by tan β-enhanced threshold corrections which can be sizeable if tan β is large. In this case their careful inclusion in the renormalisation group evolution is mandatory. We analyse these corrections and give simple analytic expressions and numerical estimates for them. The threshold corrections sensitively depend on the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters. Especially, they determine the overall sign of the corrections and therefore if the affected Yukawa couplings are enhanced or suppressed. In the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model many free parameters are introduced by supersymmetry breaking about which we make some plausible assumptions in our first simplified approach. In a second, more sophisticated approach we use three common breaking schemes in which all the soft breaking parameters at the electroweak scale can be calculated from only a handful of parameters. Within the second approach, we apply various phenomenological constraints on the supersymmetric parameters and find in this way new viable Yukawa coupling relations, for example y μ /y s =9/2 or 6 or y τ /y b =3/2 in SU(5). Furthermore, we study a special class of quark mass matrix textures for small tan β where θ u 13 =θ d 13 =0. We derive sum rules for the quark mixing parameters and find a simple relation between the two phases δ u 12 and δ d 12 and the right unitarity triangle angle α which suggests a simple phase structure for the quark mass matrices where one matrix element is purely imaginary and the remaining ones are purely real. To complement

From hybrid to quadratic inflation with high-scale supersymmetry breaking

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Constantinos Pallis

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Motivated by the reported discovery of inflationary gravity waves by the Bicep2 experiment, we propose an inflationary scenario in supergravity, based on the standard superpotential used in hybrid inflation. The new model yields a tensor-to-scalar ratio r≃0.14 and scalar spectral index ns≃0.964, corresponding to quadratic (chaotic inflation. The important new ingredients are the high-scale, (1.6–10⋅1013 GeV, soft supersymmetry breaking mass for the gauge singlet inflaton field and a shift symmetry imposed on the Kähler potential. The end of inflation is accompanied, as in the earlier hybrid inflation models, by the breaking of a gauge symmetry at (1.2–7.1⋅1016 GeV, comparable to the grand-unification scale.

China’s unification: Myth or reality?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Estrada Mario Arturo Ruiz

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This paper evaluates the prospect of a possible unification between People’s Republic of China (Mainland China and Republic of China (Taiwan from a multi-dimensional perspective which encompasses the political, social, economic, and technological dimensions. The underlying idea is to evaluate the possibility of a partial or total reunification between the two countries in a more comprehensive way than just assessing the economic costs and benefits. Our evaluation is based on the application of the GDRI-Model, which looks at unification and regional integration simultaneously from the political, economic, social and technological perspectives.

New aspects of flavour model building in supersymmetric grand unification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Spinrath, Martin

2010-05-19

We derive predictions for Yukawa coupling ratios within Grand Unified Theories generated from operators with mass dimension four and five. These relations are a characteristic property of unified flavour models and can reduce the large number of free parameters related to the flavour sector of the Standard Model. The Yukawa couplings of the down-type quarks and charged leptons are affected within supersymmetric models by tan {beta}-enhanced threshold corrections which can be sizeable if tan {beta} is large. In this case their careful inclusion in the renormalisation group evolution is mandatory. We analyse these corrections and give simple analytic expressions and numerical estimates for them. The threshold corrections sensitively depend on the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters. Especially, they determine the overall sign of the corrections and therefore if the affected Yukawa couplings are enhanced or suppressed. In the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model many free parameters are introduced by supersymmetry breaking about which we make some plausible assumptions in our first simplified approach. In a second, more sophisticated approach we use three common breaking schemes in which all the soft breaking parameters at the electroweak scale can be calculated from only a handful of parameters. Within the second approach, we apply various phenomenological constraints on the supersymmetric parameters and find in this way new viable Yukawa coupling relations, for example y{sub {mu}}/y{sub s}=9/2 or 6 or y{sub {tau}}/y{sub b}=3/2 in SU(5). Furthermore, we study a special class of quark mass matrix textures for small tan {beta} where {theta}{sup u}{sub 13}={theta}{sup d}{sub 13}=0. We derive sum rules for the quark mixing parameters and find a simple relation between the two phases {delta}{sup u}{sub 12} and {delta}{sup d}{sub 12} and the right unitarity triangle angle {alpha} which suggests a simple phase structure for the quark mass matrices where

Unification of Patrimonial Laws Governing International Trade

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lando, Ole

2016-01-01

Should the laws of the world dealing with cross-border transactions be unified? Such unification presupposes an agreement on what we understand by ‘law’ and what its sources are. The drafters of uniform laws and lawyers who are preoccupied with comparative law often ask themselves: Is there, among...... the nations, a common core of legal values? If there is, this will facilitate legal unification. It will also make the international law-making easier if, in exceptional cases, a court is permitted to disregard a legal rule....

Some consequences of embedding heavy color in grand unified theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Elias, V.

1980-01-01

I show that ''standard'' embedding constraints cannot accommodate an empirically motivated value for the heavy-color (HC) momentum scale Λ/sub HC/ if the heavy-color group is SU(N>3). The heavy-color group can be SU(3), provided such constraints are relaxed in order to allow fermions to contribute differentially to SU(3)/sub HC/ and SU(3)/sub QCD/ β-functions (QCD=quantum chromodynamics). Theories successfully embedding G/sub HC/>SU(3) along with the known interactions are shown to require vastly reduced unification mass scales. As an example, empirically acceptable values for Λ/sub HC/, sin 2 theta/sub W/, and α/sub s/(m/sub W/) as well as a unification mass scale within an order of magnitude of Λ/sub HC/ are accommodated within very large models based on [SU(2n)] 4 unifying symmetry

Unification and fermion mass structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ross, Graham G.; Serna, Mario

2008-01-01

Grand Unified Theories predict relationships between the GUT-scale quark and lepton masses. Using new data in the context of the MSSM, we update the values and uncertainties of the masses and mixing angles for the three generations at the GUT scale. We also update fits to hierarchical patterns in the GUT-scale Yukawa matrices. The new data shows not all the classic GUT-scale mass relationships remain in quantitative agreement at small to moderate tanβ. However, at large tanβ, these discrepancies can be eliminated by finite, tanβ-enhanced, radiative, threshold corrections if the gluino mass has the opposite sign to the wino mass

An Ordering Linear Unification Algorithm

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

胡运发

1989-01-01

In this paper,we present an ordering linear unification algorithm(OLU).A new idea on substituteion of the binding terms is introduced to the algorithm,which is able to overcome some drawbacks of other algorithms,e.g.,MM algorithm[1],RG1 and RG2 algorithms[2],Particularly,if we use the directed eyclie graphs,the algoritm needs not check the binding order,then the OLU algorithm can also be aplied to the infinite tree data struceture,and a higher efficiency can be expected.The paper focuses upon the discussion of OLU algorithm and a partial order structure with respect to the unification algorithm.This algorithm has been implemented in the GKD-PROLOG/VAX 780 interpreting system.Experimental results have shown that the algorithm is very simple and efficient.

Possible test of grand unification in the double beta-decay

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faessler, A.

1988-01-01

The more successful grand unified theories predict that the neutrino is identical with its antiparticle and therefore is a Majorana neutrino which violates lepton number conservation. Such a neutrino should have a finite mass and also a small right handed weak interaction. If the double neutrinoless beta decay is observed with the full decay energy in the two electrons, it would establish that the electron neutrino is a Majorana particle. It is shown that the relativistic corrections of the nucleonic wave functions are essential for determining an upper limit of the right handedness from the measured lower limit of the life-time against the neutrinoless double beta decay. The upper limit for the right handedness of the weak interaction derived from the lower limit of the life-times against the neutrinoless beta decay is vertical stroke vertical stroke -8 and the upper limit for the neutrino mass is vertical stroke ν m>vertical stroke + -decay in proton rich nuclei, one can explain the long standing puzzle of the quenching of the Gamow-Teller strength in agreement with the data. (orig.)

Einstein's dream : the space-time unification of fundamental forces

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Salam, A [International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (Italy)

1981-06-01

The historical developments in physics which started with Galileo in the 11th century, Newton in the 17 century, culminated in the unification of space-time by Einstein in this century are traced. The theories put forward by Einstein himself and by subsequent workers in the field after him, regarding the unification of all basic forces of nature (i.e.) the electromagnetic and the gravitational ones and the weak and strong nuclear forces are discussed. The experiments being conducted in Kolar and other places to detect a heavier photon which would be a positive proof of the validity of the unification theory, are touched upon. The possible application of this concept even in industry has been pointed out.

Natural supersymmetry and unification in five dimensions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abdalgabar, Ammar [National Institute for Theoretical Physics and School of Physics and Mandelstam Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of the Witwatersrand,Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 (South Africa); Department of Physics, Sudan University of Science and Technology,Khartoum, 407 (Sudan); Cornell, Alan S. [National Institute for Theoretical Physics and School of Physics and Mandelstam Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of the Witwatersrand,Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 (South Africa); Deandrea, Aldo [Université de Lyon,92, rue Pasteur, Lyon, F-69361 (France); IPNL, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3,4 rue Fermi, Villeurbanne Cedex, F-69622 (France); Institut Universitaire de France,103 boulevard Saint-Michel, Paris, 75005 (France); McGarrie, Moritz [Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw,Hoża 69, Warsaw, 00-681 (Poland)

2016-01-14

We explore unification and natural supersymmetry in a five dimensional extension of the standard model in which the extra dimension may be large, of the order of 1–10 TeV. Power law running generates a TeV scale A{sub t} term allowing for the observed 125 GeV Higgs and allowing for stop masses below 2 TeV, compatible with a natural SUSY spectrum. We supply the full one-loop RGEs for various models and use metastability to give a prediction that the gluino mass should be lighter than 3.5 TeV for A{sub t}≥−2.5 TeV, for such a compactification scale, with brane localised 3rd generation matter. We also discuss models in which only the 1st and 2nd generation of matter fields are located in the bulk. We also look at electroweak symmetry breaking in these models.

Gauge Coupling Unification with Partly Composite Matter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gherghetta, Tony

2005-01-01

It is shown how gauge coupling unification can occur in models with partly composite matter. The particle states which are composite only contribute small logarithmns to the running of gauge couplings, while the elementary states contribute the usual large logarithmns. This introduces a new differential running contribution to the gauge couplings from partly composite SU(5) matter multiplets. In particular, for partly supersymmetric models, the incomplete SU(5) elementary matter multiplets restore gauge coupling unification even though the usual elementary gaugino and Higgsino contributions need not be present

Unification and geometrization of physics in the cosmological context

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heller, M.; Watykanskie Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Vatican

1991-01-01

Einstein belived that a good physical theory should posses an ''inner perfection''. Trace the inner perfection of the present gauge theories by contemplating their geometric structures (in terms of fibre bundles). The search for the ultimate symmetry of the unification of physics unavoidably leads to the unification of physics and cosmology. 4 figs., 23 refs. (author)

Post-sphaleron baryogenesis and n- anti n oscillation in non-SUSY SO(10) GUT with gauge coupling unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Patra, Sudhanwa; Pritimita, Prativa

2014-01-01

''Post-sphaleron baryogenesis'', a fresh and profound mechanism of baryogenesis accounts for the matter-antimatter asymmetry of our present universe in a framework of Pati-Salam symmetry. We attempt here to embed this mechanism in a non-SUSY SO(10) grand unified theory by reviving a novel symmetry breaking chain with Pati-Salam symmetry as an intermediate symmetry breaking step and as well to address post-sphaleron baryogenesis and neutron-antineutron oscillation in a rational manner. The Pati-Salam symmetry based on the gauge group SU(2) L x SU(2) R x SU(4) C is realized in our model at 10 5 -10 6 GeV and the mixing time for the neutron-antineutron oscillation process having ΔB = 2 is found to be τ n- anti n ≅ 10 8 -10 10 s with the model parameters, which is within the reach of forthcoming experiments. Other novel features of the model include low scale right-handed W R ± , Z R gauge bosons, explanation for neutrino oscillation data via the gauged inverse (or extended) seesaw mechanism and most importantly TeV scale color sextet scalar particles responsible for an observable n- anti n oscillation which may be accessible to LHC. We also look after gauge coupling unification and an estimation of the proton lifetime with and without the addition of color sextet scalars. (orig.)

Strings: A possible alternative explanation for the Unification of Gravitation Field and Electromagnetic Field

Science.gov (United States)

Rivera, Susana

Throughout the last century, since the last decades of the XIX century, until present day, there had been many attempts to achieve the unification of the Forces of Nature. First unification was done by James Clerk Maxwell, with his Electromagnetic Theory. Then Max Plank developed his Quantum Theory. In 1905, Albert Einstein gave birth to the Special Relativity Theory, and in 1916 he came out with his General Relativity Theory. He noticed that there was an evident parallelism between the Gravitational Force, and the Electromagnetic Force. So, he tried to unify these forces of Nature. But Quantum Theory interposed on his way. On the 1940’s it had been developed the Quantum Electrodynamics (QED), and with it, the unified field theory had an arise interest. On the 60’s and 70’s there was developed the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Along with these theories came the discovery of the strong interaction force and weak interaction force. And though there had been many attempts to unify all these forces of the nature, it could only be achieved the Unification of strong interaction, weak interaction and Electromagnetic Force. On the late 80”s and throughout the last two decades, theories such as “super-string theory”, “or the “M-theory”, among others, groups of Scientists, had been doing grand efforts and finally they came out with the unification of the forces of nature, being the only limitation the use of more than 11 dimensions. Using an ingenious mathematical tool known as the super symmetries, based on the Kaluza - Klein work, they achieve this goal. The strings of these theories are in the rank of 10-33 m. Which make them undetectable. There are many other string theories. The GEUFT theory is based on the existence of concentrated energy lines, which vibrates, expands and contracts, submitting and absorbing energy, matter and antimatter, and which yields a determined geometry, that gives as a result the formation of stars, galaxies, nebulae, clusters

Problems in unification and supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Farrar, G.; Henyey, F.

1984-01-01

Problems in unification of the various gauge groups, quantum gravity, supersymmetry and supergravity, compact dimensions of space-time, and conditions at the beginning of the universe are discussed. Separate entries were prepared for the data base for the 15 papers presented

Prospects for further unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ne'eman, Y.

1983-07-01

We review the unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions (QAD), the prevalent color gauge theory of the strong interactions (QCD) and attempts to embed both these theories in a further Unified Gauge Theory. We discuss the related advances in cosmology and touch upon other approaches to the understanding of particles and fields. 44 references

High-scale validity of a two-Higgs-doublet scenario: metastability included

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chakrabarty, Nabarun; Mukhopadhyaya, Biswarup [Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Regional Centre for Accelerator-based Particle Physics, Allahabad (India)

2017-03-15

We identify regions in a Type-II two-Higgs-doublet model which correspond to a metastable electroweak vacuum with lifetime larger than the age of the universe. We analyse scenarios which retain perturbative unitarity up to grand unification and Planck scales. Each point in the parameter space is restricted using data from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) as well as flavour and precision electroweak constraints. We find that substantial regions of the parameter space are thus identified as corresponding to metastability, which complement the allowed regions for absolute stability, for top quark mass at the high as well as low end of its currently allowed range. Thus, a two-Higgs-doublet scenario with the electroweak vacuum, either stable or metastable, can sail through all the way up to the Planck scale without facing any contradiction. (orig.)

Rare B decays, rare τ decays, and grand unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sher, M.; Yuan, Y.

1991-01-01

In multi-Higgs-boson extensions of the standard model, tree-level flavor-changing neutral currents exist naturally, unless suppressed by some symmetry. For a given rate, the exchanged scalar or pseudoscalar mass is very sensitive to the flavor-changing coupling between the first two generations. Since the Yukawa couplings of the first two generations are unknown and certainly very small, bounds which rely on some assumed value of this flavor-changing coupling are quite dubious. One might expect the size (and reliability) of the Yukawa couplings involving the third generation to be greater. In this paper, we consider processes involving τ's and B's, and determine the bounds on the flavor-changing couplings which involve third-generation fields. The strongest bound in the quark sector comes from B-bar B mixing and in the lepton sector, surprisingly, from μ→eγ. It is then noted that the flavor-changing couplings in the quark sector are related to those in the lepton sector in many grand unified theories, and one can ask whether an analysis of rare τ decays or rare B decays will provide the strongest constraints. We show that rare B decays provide the strongest bounds, and that no useful information can be obtained from rare τ decays. It is also noted that the most promising decay modes are B→Kμτ and B s →μτ, and we urge experimenters to look for rare decay modes of the B in which a τ is in the final state

Problems in unification and supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Farrar, G.; Henyey, F. (eds.)

1984-01-01

Problems in unification of the various gauge groups, quantum gravity, supersymmetry and supergravity, compact dimensions of space-time, and conditions at the beginning of the universe are discussed. Separate entries were prepared for the data base for the 15 papers presented. (WHK)

Vacuum alignment and radiatively induced Fermi scale

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alanne Tommi

2017-01-01

Full Text Available We extend the discussion about vacuum misalignment by quantum corrections in models with composite pseudo-Goldstone Higgs boson to renormalisable models with elementary scalars. As a concrete example, we propose a framework, where the hierarchy between the unification and the Fermi scale emerges radiatively. This scenario provides an interesting link between the unification and Fermi scale physics.

The Economic Implications of Korean Unification

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Schmitz, Jonathan

2002-01-01

.... To lessen this burden, South Korea will need to initiate policy reforms that can ease the financial stress and repercussions of unification and create an integrated economic community with North Korea...

The Grand Challenge of Basin-Scale Groundwater Quality Management Modelling

Science.gov (United States)

Fogg, G. E.

2017-12-01

The last 50+ years of agricultural, urban and industrial land and water use practices have accelerated the degradation of groundwater quality in the upper portions of many major aquifer systems upon which much of the world relies for water supply. In the deepest and most extensive systems (e.g., sedimentary basins) that typically have the largest groundwater production rates and hold fresh groundwaters on decadal to millennial time scales, most of the groundwater is not yet contaminated. Predicting the long-term future groundwater quality in such basins is a grand scientific challenge. Moreover, determining what changes in land and water use practices would avert future, irreversible degradation of these massive freshwater stores is a grand challenge both scientifically and societally. It is naïve to think that the problem can be solved by eliminating or reducing enough of the contaminant sources, for human exploitation of land and water resources will likely always result in some contamination. The key lies in both reducing the contaminant sources and more proactively managing recharge in terms of both quantity and quality, such that the net influx of contaminants is sufficiently moderate and appropriately distributed in space and time to reverse ongoing groundwater quality degradation. Just as sustainable groundwater quantity management is greatly facilitated with groundwater flow management models, sustainable groundwater quality management will require the use of groundwater quality management models. This is a new genre of hydrologic models do not yet exist, partly because of the lack of modeling tools and the supporting research to model non-reactive as well as reactive transport on large space and time scales. It is essential that the contaminant hydrogeology community, which has heretofore focused almost entirely on point-source plume-scale problems, direct it's efforts toward the development of process-based transport modeling tools and analyses capable

Beyond the CMSSM without an Accelerator: Proton Decay and Direct Dark Matter Detection

CERN Document Server

Ellis, John; Luo, Feng; Nagata, Natsumi; Olive, Keith A; Sandick, Pearl

2016-01-01

We consider two potential non-accelerator signatures of generalizations of the well-studied constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (CMSSM). In one generalization, the universality constraints on soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters are applied at some input scale $M_{in}$ below the grand unification (GUT) scale $M_{GUT}$, a scenario referred to as `sub-GUT'. The other generalization we consider is to retain GUT-scale universality for the squark and slepton masses, but to relax universality for the soft supersymmetry-breaking contributions to the masses of the Higgs doublets. As with other CMSSM-like models, the measured Higgs mass requires supersymmetric particle masses near or beyond the TeV scale. Because of these rather heavy sparticle masses, the embedding of these CMSSM-like models in a minimal SU(5) model of grand unification can yield a proton lifetime consistent with current experimental limits, and may be accessible in existing and future proton decay experiments. Another possible signat...

Unification of gauge couplings in radiative neutrino mass models

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hagedorn, Claudia; Ohlsson, Tommy; Riad, Stella

2016-01-01

masses at one-loop level and (III) models with particles in the adjoint representation of SU(3). In class (I), gauge couplings unify in a few models and adding dark matter amplifies the chances for unification. In class (II), about a quarter of the models admits gauge coupling unification. In class (III......We investigate the possibility of gauge coupling unification in various radiative neutrino mass models, which generate neutrino masses at one- and/or two-loop level. Renormalization group running of gauge couplings is performed analytically and numerically at one- and two-loop order, respectively....... We study three representative classes of radiative neutrino mass models: (I) minimal ultraviolet completions of the dimension-7 ΔL = 2 operators which generate neutrino masses at one- and/or two-loop level without and with dark matter candidates, (II) models with dark matter which lead to neutrino...

Higgs Inflation, Reheating and Gravitino Production in No-Scale Supersymmetric GUTs

CERN Document Server

Ellis, John; Xianyu, Zhong-Zhi

2016-08-30

We extend our previous study of supersymmetric Higgs inflation in the context of no-scale supergravity and grand unification, to include models based on the flipped SU(5) and the Pati-Salam group. Like the previous SU(5) GUT model, these yield a class of inflation models whose inflation predictions interpolate between those of the quadratic chaotic inflation and Starobinsky-like inflation, while also avoiding tension with proton decay limits. We further analyse the reheating process in these models, and derive the number of $e$-folds, which is independent of the reheating temperature. We derive the corresponding predictions for the scalar tilt and the tensor-to-scalar ratio in cosmic microwave background perturbations, and also discuss gravitino production following inflation.

Higgs inflation, reheating and gravitino production in no-scale Supersymmetric GUTs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ellis, John [Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group,Department of Physics, King’s College London,London WC2R 2LS (United Kingdom); Theoretical Physics Department, CERN,CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland); He, Hong-Jian [Institute of Modern Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084 (China); Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University,Beijing 100871 (China); Xianyu, Zhong-Zhi [Center of Mathematical Sciences and Applications andDepartment of Physics, Harvard University,Massachusetts 02138 (United States)

2016-08-30

We extend our previous study of supersymmetric Higgs inflation in the context of no-scale supergravity and grand unification, to include models based on the flipped SU(5) and the Pati-Salam group. Like the previous SU(5) GUT model, these yield a class of inflation models whose inflation predictions interpolate between those of the quadratic chaotic inflation and Starobinsky-like inflation, while avoiding tension with proton decay limits. We further analyse the reheating process in these models, and derive the number of e-folds, which is independent of the reheating temperature. We derive the corresponding predictions for the scalar tilt and the tensor-to-scalar ratio in cosmic microwave background perturbations, as well as discussing the gravitino production following inflation.

The return of the King: No-Scale F-SU(5

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tianjun Li

2017-01-01

Full Text Available We revisit the viable parameter space in No-Scale F-SU(5, examining the Grand Unified Theory within the context of the prevailing gluino mass limits established by the LHC. The satisfaction of both the No-Scale boundary condition and the experimentally measured Standard Model (SM like Higgs boson mass requires a lower limit on the gluino mass in the model space of about 1.9 TeV, which maybe not coincidentally is the current LHC supersymmetry search bound. This offers a plausible explanation as to why a supersymmetry signal has thus far not been observed at the LHC. On the contrary, since the vector-like flippon particles are relatively heavy due to the strict condition that the supersymmetry breaking soft term Bμ must vanish at the unification scale, we also cannot address the recently vanished 750 GeV diphoton resonance at the 13 TeV LHC. Therefore, No-Scale F-SU(5 returns as a King after the spurious 750 GeV diphoton excess was gone with the wind.

Multi-component fermionic dark matter and IceCube PeV scale neutrinos in left-right model with gauge unification

Science.gov (United States)

Borah, Debasish; Dasgupta, Arnab; Dey, Ujjal Kumar; Patra, Sudhanwa; Tomar, Gaurav

2017-09-01

We consider a simple extension of the minimal left-right symmetric model (LRSM) in order to explain the PeV neutrino events seen at the IceCube experiment from a heavy decaying dark matter. The dark matter sector is composed of two fermions: one at PeV scale and the other at TeV scale such that the heavier one can decay into the lighter one and two neutrinos. The gauge annihilation cross sections of PeV dark matter are not large enough to generate its relic abundance within the observed limit. We include a pair of real scalar triplets Ω L,R which can bring the thermally overproduced PeV dark matter abundance into the observed range through late time decay and consequent entropy release thereby providing a consistent way to obtain the correct relic abundance without violating the unitarity bound on dark matter mass. Another scalar field, a bitriplet under left-right gauge group is added to assist the heavier dark matter decay. The presence of an approximate global U(1) X symmetry can naturally explain the origin of tiny couplings required for long-lived nature of these decaying particles. We also show, how such an extended LRSM can be incorporated within a non-supersymmetric SO(10) model where the gauge coupling unification at a very high scale naturally accommodate a PeV scale intermediate symmetry, required to explain the PeV events at IceCube.

Towards Unification of Methods for Speech, Audio, Picture and Multimedia Quality Assessment

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zielinski, S.; Rumsey, F.; Bech, Søren

2015-01-01

attempting to “bridge the gap” between the quality assessment methods used in various disciplines are indicated. Prospective challenges faced by researchers in the unification process are outlined. They include development of unified scales, defining unified anchors, integration of objective models......The paper addresses the need to develop unified methods for subjective and objective quality assessment across speech, audio, picture, and multimedia applications. Commonalities and differences between the currently used standards are overviewed. Examples of the already undertaken research...

New dimensions new hopes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sarkar, Utpal

2001-05-01

We live in a four dimensional world. But the idea of unification of fundamental interactions lead us to higher dimensional theories. Recently a new theory with extra dimensions has emerged where only gravity propagates in the extra dimension and all other interactions are confined to only four dimensions. This theory gives us many new hopes. In earlier theories unification of strong, weak and the electromagnetic forces was possible at around 10 16 GeV in a grand unified theory (GUT) and it could get unified with gravity at around the Planck scale of 10 19 GeV. With this new idea it is possible to bring down all unification scales within the reach of the new generation accelerators, i.e., around 10 4 GeV. (author)

From chaos to unification: U theory vs. M theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ye, Fred Y.

2009-01-01

A unified physical theory called U theory, that is different from M theory, is defined and characterized. U theory, which includes spinor and twistor theory, loop quantum gravity, causal dynamical triangulations, E-infinity unification theory, and Clifford-Finslerian unifications, is based on physical tradition and experimental foundations. In contrast, M theory pays more attention to mathematical forms. While M theory is characterized by supersymmetry string theory, U theory is characterized by non-supersymmetry unified field theory.

What energy does gravity unite with grand unified theories in the early universe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sivaram, C.

1987-01-01

Unification of gravity with GUTs is usually expected at the Planck energy E/sub PI/ ∼ 10 19 GeV. However, the vastly different values of the two couplings at E/sub PI/ (α/sub GUT/ E/sub PI/ with a single dimensionless coupling constant (α/sub U/ << 1) and described by a scale-invariant action quadratic in the Weyl curvature (with Yang-Mills fields). Breaking of scale invariance at E/sub PI/ then separates the interactions into gravity, now described by a Hilbert action with a dimensional G and GUTs with a dimensionless α/sub GUT/ and YM action. Problems with Klein-Kaluza unification of gravity with GUTs are also discussed in this context

Ten years after the unification : East Germany and the relevance of modern theories of trade, location and growth

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brakman, S.; Schramm, M.; Garretsen, Harry

2000-01-01

In the paper we analyse, ten years after the German unification, the relevance of modern theoretical developments on trade, location and growth for East Germany using sectoral and regional data. Given our discussion of stylized facts about industry growth, economies of scale and differences in

Random dynamics and relations between the number of fermion generations and the fine structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nielsen, H.B.

1989-01-01

By looking at the structure and crude features of the parameters of the Standard Model we argue for some properties of physics at a more fundamental level, presumably the Planck energy scale. These properties suggest a picture of 'anti-grand-unification' in the sense that, contrary to usual grand unification, we do not expect a simple gauge group at the high energy level. Rather we expect to see a gauge algebra which is a cross product of several simple or abelian factors. A symmetry breaking mechanism called confusion may then break each set of isomorphic factors down to the diagonal subgroup, thereby explaining the fact that non of the direct product factors in the Standard Model are repeated. (orig.)

Gauge coupling running in minimal SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) superstring unification

CERN Document Server

Ibáñez, L E; Ross, Graham G

1991-01-01

We study the evolution of the gauge coupling constants in string unification schemes in which the light spectrum below the compactification scale is exactly that of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. In the absence of string threshold corrections the predicted values $\\sin^2\\theta _W=0.218$ and $\\alpha _s=0.20$ are in gross conflict with experiment, but these corrections are generically important. One can express the string threshold corrections to $\\sin^2\\theta _W$ and $\\alpha_s$ in terms of certain $modular$ $weights$ of quark, lepton and Higgs superfields as well as the $moduli$ of the string model. We find that in order to get agreement with the experimental measurements within the context of this $minimal$ scheme, certain constraints on the $modular$ $weights$ of the quark, lepton and Higgs superfields should be obeyed. Our analysis indicates that this $minimal$ $string$ $unification$

The Unification of Private International Law

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emira Kazazi

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Civil and the common law approaching Europe is no longer a “future project”, but more and more rather a present attempt (Kötz, 2003 – 2004. In this prism, concentrating on the European International Private Law within the space of mixed jurisdictions, it may seem surprising in light of the attempts to create a new European ius commune. But is it possible that a unification of the material law may sign the start of the end of the European conflicts of laws? Last but not the least private international law is not just a choice of law. The unification of the private law, in its definition as a concept, does not influence two of the three pillars of the private international law: respectively, that of the jurisdiction and recognition as well as implementation of foreign decisions.

On the vacuum of the minimal nonsupersymmetric SO(10) unification

CERN Document Server

Bertolini, Stefano; Malinsky, Michal

2010-01-01

We study a class of nonsupersymmetric SO(10) grand unified scenarios where the first stage of the symmetry breaking is driven by the vacuum expectation values of the 45-dimensional adjoint representation. Three decade old results claim that such a Higgs setting may lead exclusively to the flipped SU(5) x U(1) intermediate stage. We show that this conclusion is actually an artifact of the tree level potential. The study of the accidental global symmetries emerging in various limits of the scalar potential offers a simple understanding of the tree level result and a rationale for the drastic impact of quantum corrections. We scrutinize in detail the simplest and paradigmatic case of the 45_{H} + 16_{H} Higgs sector triggering the breaking of SO(10) to the standard electroweak model. We show that the minimization of the one-loop effective potential allows for intermediate SU(4)_C x SU(2)_L x U(1)_R and SU(3)_c x SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R x U(1)_{B-L} symmetric stages as well. These are the options favoured by gauge unif...

Unification of space-time and internal symmetries through superstrings, with elementary or composite quarks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huebsch, T.

1987-01-01

Symmetry properties of a given physical system constrain greatly the theoretical models built in the attempt to describe the system. In complement, the symmetry properties of a system typically undergo dramatic changes during its evolution in time, underpinning the concept of phase transitions. Employing these two ideas we analyze models of Particle Physics at increasingly higher levels of unification, attempting to cover the wide span from the domain of experimentally accessible energies to scales where all the known interactions (including gravity) may be described as low-energy effects of the tremendous and intricate structure of Superstring theories. In particular, we study the scenario of compactification of the Heterotic Superstring theory involving Calabi-Yau manifolds and derive the basic properties of the effective point-field theory action, give a huge class of constructions and devise some techniques for future analysis. Further we study the possibility that the phase-transition from Superstrings to observed particles involves an intermediary phase where the observed particles exhibit compositeness, together with some consequences on the low-energy phenomenology. Finally we include our attempt to modify the SU(5) model, as one of the simplest Grand-unified models, to provide a solution to its difficulties. As we now show, the problems we were trying to address are so generic that some of them remain (in a disguised form) even at the present understanding of the Superstring theories, the most ample constructs of fundamental Physics so far

Summary talk

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Drell, S.D.

1981-01-01

To sum it all up: 1. QCD has made its mark and is here to stay with its J = 1 gluons. 2. A quantitative determination of the strong coupling constant α/sub s/, and scale parameter, Λ, remains for the future. The reliable processes from the theoretical point of view for determining their values will be R or the study of the 3-gluon decays of heavy onia still to be discovered. 3. Very deep questions such as the scale of grand unification and the hierarchy problem. viz. why is the weak interaction lifetime of the neutron so many orders of magnitude shorter than the proton decay lifetime, or why is the grand unification scale so much larger than the weak vector boson mass, remain beyond our understanding. 4. All theories, as so eloquently described in Professor Okun's beautiful talk, lead us to expect to observe evidence of scalars in the ee annihilation process, whether they arise from dynamical or spontaneous symmetry breaking

Higgs mass scales and matter-antimatter oscillations in grand unified theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Senjanovic, G.

1982-01-01

A general discussion of mass scales in grand unified theories is presented, with special emphasis on Higgs scalars which mediate neutron-antineutron (n-anti n) and hydrogen-antihydrogen (H-anti H) oscillations. It is shown that the analogue of survival hypothesis for fermions naturally makes such particles superheavy, thus leading to unobservable lifetimes. If this hypothesis is relaxed, an interesting possibility of potentially observable n-anti n and H-anti H transitions, mutually related arises in the context of SU(5) theory with spontaneously broken B-L symmetry

[Theory of elementary particles studies in weak interaction and grand unification and studies in accelerator design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1991-01-01

This report discusses research in high energy physics on the following topics: rare b decays; flavor changing top decays;neutrino physics; standard model; cp violation; heavy ion collisions; electron-positron interactions; electron-hadron interactions; hadron-hadron interactions; deep inelastic scattering; and grand unified models

Stable Asymptotically Free Extensions (SAFEs) of the Standard Model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holdom, Bob; Ren, Jing; Zhang, Chen

2015-01-01

We consider possible extensions of the standard model that are not only completely asymptotically free, but are such that the UV fixed point is completely UV attractive. All couplings flow towards a set of fixed ratios in the UV. Motivated by low scale unification, semi-simple gauge groups with elementary scalars in various representations are explored. The simplest model is a version of the Pati-Salam model. The Higgs boson is truly elementary but dynamical symmetry breaking from strong interactions may be needed at the unification scale. A hierarchy problem, much reduced from grand unified theories, is still in need of a solution.

M theory: a possible unification of physics laws

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fernandes, Alexandre da Silva; Silva, Diego Oliveira Nolasco da; Sousa, Claudio Manoel Gomes de

2011-01-01

Full text: Physics has two pillars which are mutually incompatible: quantum field theory and general relativity theory. Throughout its history, various unifications have been made, and in attempts to have a better understanding of the birth and formation of the Universe is also necessary to unify these pillars. This unification may require 11 dimensions, and 6 of them are compressed so that it cannot be seen with existing instruments. These dimensions are the spaces in which the strings vibrate, and each mode of vibration corresponds to a particle. The last dimension shows that the universe is a brane, it is in full motion in the multiverse and the collision of two branes can answer the biggest problem of cosmology: what was the Big Bang? Black holes can be explained using a theory that contains gravity and quantum mechanics. The theory is still being developed, some problems are being solved and the main one is the experimental problem, because it requires energy levels that are not yet achieved by current particle accelerators. This work presents M theory as a possibility of unification between the micro and macro, which maybe leading us to the theory of everything. (author)

M theory: a possible unification of physics laws

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fernandes, Alexandre da Silva; Silva, Diego Oliveira Nolasco da; Sousa, Claudio Manoel Gomes de [Universidade Catolica de Brasilia (UCB), DF (Brazil)

2011-07-01

Full text: Physics has two pillars which are mutually incompatible: quantum field theory and general relativity theory. Throughout its history, various unifications have been made, and in attempts to have a better understanding of the birth and formation of the Universe is also necessary to unify these pillars. This unification may require 11 dimensions, and 6 of them are compressed so that it cannot be seen with existing instruments. These dimensions are the spaces in which the strings vibrate, and each mode of vibration corresponds to a particle. The last dimension shows that the universe is a brane, it is in full motion in the multiverse and the collision of two branes can answer the biggest problem of cosmology: what was the Big Bang? Black holes can be explained using a theory that contains gravity and quantum mechanics. The theory is still being developed, some problems are being solved and the main one is the experimental problem, because it requires energy levels that are not yet achieved by current particle accelerators. This work presents M theory as a possibility of unification between the micro and macro, which maybe leading us to the theory of everything. (author)

Squark and slepton mass relations in grand unified theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheng, H.; Hall, L.J.

1995-01-01

In the minimal supersymmetric standard model, assuming universal scalar masses at large energies, there are four intragenerational relations between the masses of the squarks and sleptons for each light generation. In this paper we study the scalar mass relations which follow only from the assumption that at large energies there is a grand unified theory which leads to a significant prediction of the weak mixing angle. Two new intragenerational mass relations for each of the light generations are derived. In addition, a third mass relation is found which relates the Higgs boson masses, the masses of the third generation scalars, and the masses of the scalars of the lighter generations. Verification of a fourth mass relation, involving only the charged slepton masses, provides a signal for SO(10) unification

Hyperquarks and bosonic preon bound states

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schmid, Michael L.; Buchmann, Alfons J.

2009-01-01

In a model in which leptons, quarks, and the recently introduced hyperquarks are built up from two fundamental spin-(1/2) preons, the standard model weak gauge bosons emerge as preon bound states. In addition, the model predicts a host of new composite gauge bosons, in particular, those responsible for hyperquark and proton decay. Their presence entails a left-right symmetric extension of the standard model weak interactions and a scheme for a partial and grand unification of nongravitational interactions based on, respectively, the effective gauge groups SU(6) P and SU(9) G . This leads to a prediction of the Weinberg angle at low energies in good agreement with experiment. Furthermore, using evolution equations for the effective coupling strengths, we calculate the partial and grand unification scales, the hyperquark mass scale, as well as the mass and decay rate of the lightest hyperhadron.

Model-based object classification using unification grammars and abstract representations

Science.gov (United States)

Liburdy, Kathleen A.; Schalkoff, Robert J.

1993-04-01

The design and implementation of a high level computer vision system which performs object classification is described. General object labelling and functional analysis require models of classes which display a wide range of geometric variations. A large representational gap exists between abstract criteria such as `graspable' and current geometric image descriptions. The vision system developed and described in this work addresses this problem and implements solutions based on a fusion of semantics, unification, and formal language theory. Object models are represented using unification grammars, which provide a framework for the integration of structure and semantics. A methodology for the derivation of symbolic image descriptions capable of interacting with the grammar-based models is described and implemented. A unification-based parser developed for this system achieves object classification by determining if the symbolic image description can be unified with the abstract criteria of an object model. Future research directions are indicated.

Gauge unification of fundamental forces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salam, A.

1980-02-01

After having reviewed briefly the last twenty years' progress in the theory of unification, with the twin aspects of development of a gauge theory of basic interactions linked with internal symmetry and the spontaneous breaking of these symmetries, the Nobel prize winners have summarized the present situation and the immediate problems. At the end, an extrapolation of the future is also given

Similarity-Based Unification: A Multi-Adjoint Approach

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Medina, J.; Ojeda-Aciego, M.; Vojtáš, Peter

2004-01-01

Roč. 146, č. 1 (2004), s. 43-62 ISSN 0165-0114 Source of funding: V - iné verejné zdroje Keywords : similarity * fuzzy unification Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 0.734, year: 2004

Gauge unification of basic forces particularly of gravitation with strong interactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salam, A.

1977-01-01

Corresponding to the two known types of gauge theories, Yang-Mills with spin-one mediating particles and Einstein Weyl with spin-two mediating particles, it is speculated that two distinct gauge unifications of the basic forces appear to be taking place. One is the familiar Yang-Mills unification of weak and electromagnetic forces with the strong. The second is the less familiar gauge unification of gravitation with spin-two tensor-dominated aspects of strong interactions. It is proposed that there are strongly interacting spin-two strong gravitons obeying Einstein's equations, and their existence gives a clue to an understanding of the (partial) confinement of quarks, as well as of the concept of hadronic temperature, through the use of Schwarzschild de-Sitter-like partially confining solitonic solutions of the strong gravity Einstein equation

Flocculent and grand design spiral galaxies in groups: time scales for the persistence of grand design spiral structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Elmegreen, B.G.; Elmegreen, D.M.

1983-01-01

Spiral arm classifications were made for 261 low-inclination galaxies in groups listed by Huchra and Geller. The fractional occurrence of grand design spiral structure in nonbarred galaxies was found to increase from approx.0.1 to approx.0.6 and then level off as the group crossing rate or galaxy collision rate in a group increases. A simple model is discussed where the random encounters between galaxies of any type and flocculent galaxies induce transient grand design spirals in the flocculent galaxies. If this grand-design stimulation occurs for binary collisions with impact parameters less than αR 25 , were R 25 is the galactic radius at 25 mag arcsec - 2 , and if the induced grand design spirals persist for an average time equal to #betta# galactic rotations, then the quantity α 2 #betta# equals approximately 3 x 10 4 . If binary collisions are responsible for grand design spirals, then this result implies either that the induced spirals last for many galactic rotations (#betta#>15), or that they can be stimulated by very remote encounters (α>45.) Alternatively, grand design spirals may be stimulated by multiple galaxy encounters, which would be the case for such large α, or by interactions with the potential well of the associated group, rather than by simple binary encounters. Weak correlations between the grand design fraction and the galaxy size, or between this fraction and the total number of galaxies in a group, were also found. Spiral structures of barred galaxies show no correlations with group environment

Asymptotically Safe Grand Unification

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bajc, Borut; Sannino, Francesco

2016-01-01

the inclusion of gravity, by generating an interacting ultraviolet fixed point, similar to the one recently discovered in non-supersymmetric gauge-Yukawa theories. Employing a-maximization, a-theorem, unitarity bounds, as well as positivity of other central charges we nonperturbatively rule out this possibility...

The significance of inertial confinement fusion for fundamental research

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Winterberg, F.

1982-01-01

Thermonuclear microexplosions have besides commercial energy production other very exciting applications. Rockets driven by thermonuclear microexplosions can lead to interstellar missions to neighboring solar systems. Particle accelerators capable of reaching ultrahigh energies, approaching the grand unification energy scale, are another exciting possibility. (orig.) [de

Macroscopic constraints on string unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taylor, T.R.

1989-03-01

The comparison of sting theory with experiment requires a huge extrapolation from the microscopic distances, of order of the Planck length, up to the macroscopic laboratory distances. The quantum effects give rise to large corrections to the macroscopic predictions of sting unification. I discus the model-independent constraints on the gravitational sector of string theory due to the inevitable existence of universal Fradkin-Tseytlin dilatons. 9 refs

Testing GUTs: where do monopoles fit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ellis, J.

1982-10-01

The report shows why the inadequacies of the standard model of elementary particles impel some theorists toward embedding the strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions in a simple GUT group, and explains why the grand unification scale and hence the GUM (Grand Unified Monopoles) mass are expected to be so large (greater than or equal to 10 14 GeV). It goes on to describe some model GUTs, notably minimal SU(5) and supersymmetric (susy) GUTs. The grand unified analogues of generalized Cabibbo mixing angles are introduced relevant to the prediction of baryon decay modes in different theories as well as to the Decay modes catalyzed by GUMs. Phenomenologies of conventional and susy GUTs are contrasted including the potential increase in the grand unification scale as well as possible different baryon decay modes in susy GUTs. The phenomenology of GUMs is discussed, principally their ability to catalyze baryon decays. Some of the astrophysical and cosmological constraints on GUMs, GUMs, which make it difficult to imagine ever seeing a GUM and may impose serious restrictions on GUT model-building via their behavior in the very early universe are introduced. Finally, the reasons why GUMs are crucial aspects and tests of GUTs are summarized

A review of supersymmetric GUT and its implication to proton decay

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sakai, N.

1983-01-01

Supersymmetric grand unification and its implication to proton decay are reviewed. The author discusses prototype models and reviews recent studies of model building, in particular models with an intermediate scale (10/sup 10/ -- 10/sup 12/ Gev) supersymmetry breaking. Finally proton decay in supersymmetric models is reviewed

Testing the AGN Unification Model in the Infrared

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ramos Almeida, C; Levenson, N A; Radomski, J T; Alonso-Herrero, A; Asensio Ramos, A; Rodríguez Espinosa, J M; Pérez García, A M; Packham, C; Mason, R; Díaz-Santos, T

2012-01-01

We present near-to-mid-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for 21 Seyfert galaxies, using subarcsecond resolution imaging data. Our aim is to compare the properties Seyfert 1 (Sy1) and Seyfert 2 (Sy2) tori using clumpy torus models and a Bayesian approach to fit the infrared (IR) nuclear SEDs. These dusty tori have physical sizes smaller than 6 pc radius, as derived from our fits. Active galactic nuclei (AGN) unification schemes account for a variety of observational differences in terms of viewing geometry. However, we find evidence that strong unification may not hold, and that the immediate dusty surroundings of Sy1 and Sy2 nuclei are intrinsically different. The Type 2 tori studied here are broader, have more clumps, and these clumps have lower optical depths than those of Type 1 tori. The larger the covering factor of the torus, the smaller the probability of having direct view of the AGN, and vice-versa. In our sample, Sy2 tori have larger covering factors (C T = 0.95±0.02) and smaller escape probabilities than those of Sy1 (C T = 0.5±0.1). Thus, on the basis of the results presented here, the classification of a Seyfert galaxy may depend more on the intrinsic properties of the torus rather than on its mere inclination, in contradiction with the simplest unification model.

SO(14) unification of 3+1 families

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Karadayi, H.R.

1982-03-01

It is shown that the unification of 3+1 families is possible within the framework of 64 dimensional spinor representation of SO(14). Special care is given for a description without the heavy excess fermions such as conjugate and mirror or completely exotic fermions of some family unification schemes. With the aid of an intrinsic ''L-R Asymmetry'' mechanism which we proposed recently, the conventional strong and electromagnetic interactions are obtained for all four families by concentrating only on the symmetry breaking SO(14) → SU(3)sub(c) x U(1)sub(e.m.). However, the conventional weak interactions of the first three families are obtained just as in the standard SU(2)sub(L) x U(1)sub(Y) model, while those of the prescribed fourth family show certain differences. This is what we mean by 3+1 family unification. All vector particles mediating strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions which are the subjects of present phenomenological tests are specified among the vector fields of SO(14) and their mass mechanisms leading to a consistent description of this low-energy phenomenology are studied with the aid of the Higgs multiplets 14, 364, 1716 and 2002 of SO(14). Moreover, the fermion mass mechanisms are considered with the aid of these scalar multiplets and the contributions from these scalars to the vector and fermion masses are explicitly calculated. All these calculations are carried out in the new mathematical technique for the Lie algebra representations which we introduced recently. (author)

Self-Similar Symmetry Model and Cosmic Microwave Background

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomohide eSonoda

2016-05-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we present the self-similar symmetry (SSS model that describes the hierarchical structure of the universe. The model is based on the concept of self-similarity, which explains the symmetry of the cosmic microwave background (CMB. The approximate length and time scales of the six hierarchies of the universe---grand unification, electroweak unification, the atom, the pulsar, the solar system, and the galactic system---are derived from the SSS model. In addition, the model implies that the electron mass and gravitational constant could vary with the CMB radiation temperature.

Flavour Democracy in Strong Unification

CERN Document Server

Abel, S A; Abel, Steven; King, Steven

1998-01-01

We show that the fermion mass spectrum may naturally be understood in terms of flavour democratic fixed points in supersymmetric theories which have a large domain of attraction in the presence of "strong unification". Our approach provides an alternative to the approximate Yukawa texture zeroes of the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism. We discuss a particular model based on a broken gauged $SU(3)_L\\times SU(3)_R$ family symmetry which illustrates our approach.

Explanatory Unification by Proofs in School Mathematics

Science.gov (United States)

Komatsu, Kotaro; Fujita, Taro; Jones, Keith; Naoki, Sue

2018-01-01

Kitcher's idea of 'explanatory unification', while originally proposed in the philosophy of science, may also be relevant to mathematics education, as a way of enhancing student thinking and achieving classroom activity that is closer to authentic mathematical practice. There is, however, no mathematics education research treating explanatory…

Families in the nonperturbative unification scheme

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kapetanakis, D. (National Research Centre for the Physical Sciences Democritos, Athens (Greece)); Theisen, S. (European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva (Switzerland)); Zoupanos, G. (Ethnikon Metsovion Polytechneion, Athens (Greece). Dept. of Physics)

1989-10-12

Within the nonperturbative unification framework of Maiani, Parisi and Petronzio, we examine the influence of the number of fermion and Higgs families, when they are grouped in representations of horizontal family groups, on the low energy couplings of the standard model. In this way we find a number of new phenomenologically acceptable solutions for the standard model's low energy couplings. (orig.).

Families in the nonperturbative unification scheme

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kapetanakis, D.; Theisen, S.; Zoupanos, G.

1989-01-01

Within the nonperturbative unification framework of Maiani, Parisi and Petronzio, we examine the influence of the number of fermion and Higgs families, when they are grouped in representations of horizontal family groups, on the low energy couplings of the standard model. In this way we find a number of new phenomenologically acceptable solutions for the standard model's low energy couplings. (orig.)

Gauge unification, non-local breaking, open strings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Trapletti, M.

2005-01-01

The issue of non-local GUT symmetry breaking is addressed in the context of open string model building. We study Z N xZ M ' orbifolds with all the GUT-breaking orbifold elements acting freely, as rotations accompanied by translations in the internal space. We consider open strings quantized on these backgrounds, distinguishing whether the translational action is parallel or perpendicular to the D-branes. GUT breaking is impossible in the purely perpendicular case, non-local GUT breaking is instead allowed in the purely parallel case. In the latter, the scale of breaking is set by the compactification moduli, and there are no fixed points with reduced gauge symmetry, where dangerous explicit GUT-breaking terms could be located. We investigate the mixed parallel+perpendicular case in a Z 2 xZ 2 ' example, having also a simplified field theory realization. It is a new S 1 /Z 2 xZ 2 ' orbifold-GUT model, with bulk gauge symmetry SU(5)xSU(5) broken locally to the Standard Model gauge group. In spite of the locality of the GUT symmetry breaking, there is no localized contribution to the running of the coupling constants, and the unification scale is completely set by the length of S 1

Authenticity and Unification in Quechua Language Planning.

Science.gov (United States)

Hornberger, Nancy H.; King, Kendall

1998-01-01

Examines the potentially problematic tension between the goals of authenticity and unification in Quechua-language planning. One case study examines the orthographic debate that arose in Peru, and the second case study concerns two indigenous communities in Saraguro in the Southern Ecuadorian highlands where Spanish predominates but two Quichua…

Advantages of unity with SU(4)-color: Reflections through neutrino oscillations, baryogenesis and proton decay

Science.gov (United States)

Pati, Jogesh C.

2017-03-01

fact turned out to be an asset. They are needed to (a) understand naturally the tiny mass-scales observed in neutrino oscillations by combining the seesaw mechanism together with the unification ideas based on the symmetry SU(4)-color, and also (b) to implement the attractive mechanism of baryogenesis via leptogenesis. The quantitative success of the attempts as regards understanding both (a) and (b) are discussed in Sec. 6. These provide a clear support simultaneously for the following three features: (i) the seesaw mechanism, (ii) the SU(4)-color route to higher unification based on a symmetry like SO(10) or a string-derived G(2, 2, 4) symmetry in 4D, as opposed to alternative symmetries like SU(5) or even [SU(3)]3, and (iii) the (B-L)-breaking scale being close to the unification scale ˜ 2 × 1016 GeV. The observed dramatic meeting of the three gauge couplings in the context of low-energy supersymmetry, at a scale MU ˜ 2 × 1016 GeV, providing strong evidence in favor of the ideas of both grand unification and supersymmetry, is discussed in Sec. 3. The implications of such a meeting in the context of string-unification are briefly mentioned. Weighing the possibility of a stringy origin of gauge coupling unification versus the familiar problem of doublet-triplet splitting in supersymmetric SO(10) (or SU(5)), I discuss the common advantages as well as relative merits and demerits of an effective SO(10) versus a string-derived G(2, 2, 4) symmetry in 4D. In Sec. 7, I discuss the hallmark prediction of grand unification, viz. proton decay, which is a generic feature of most models of grand unification. I present results of works carried out in collaboration with Babu and Wilczek and most recently with Babu and Tavartkiladze on expectations for decay modes and lifetimes for proton decay, including upper limits for such lifetimes, in the context of a well-motivated class of supersymmetric SO(10)-models. In view of such expectations, I stress the pressing need for having

Towards a new paradigm for quark-lepton unification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Smith, Christopher [Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3,53 avenue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex (France)

2017-05-03

The quark and charged lepton mass patterns upset their naïve unification. In this paper, a new approach to solve this problem is proposed. Model-independently, we find that a successful unification can be achieved. A mechanism is identified by which the large top quark mass renders its third-generation leptonic partner very light. This state is thus identified with the electron. We then construct a toy model to implement dynamically this mechanism, using tree-level exchanges of vector leptons to relate the quark and charged lepton flavor structures. In a supersymmetric context, this same mechanism splits the squark masses, and third generation squarks end up much lighter than the others. Finally, the implementation of this mechanism in SU(5) GUT permits to avoid introducing any flavor structure beyond the two minimal Yukawa couplings, ensuring the absence of unknown mixing matrices and their potentially large impact on FCNC.

Grandes nouvelles dimensions et gravité quantique au coin

Science.gov (United States)

Arkani-Hamed, Nima; Dimopoulos, Savas; Dvali, Gia

2003-04-01

The electroweak unification mass may be the only fundamental scale in nature. If so, the visible universe may lie on a membrane floating within a higher dimensional space; new dimensions, black holes, quantum gravity, and string theory may become experimentally accessible in this decade. The dark matter could reside on parallel universes inside the extra dimensions. To cite this article: N. Arkani-Hamed et al., C. R. Physique 4 (2003).

Unification types of housing during Sochi Olympics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aleksandr A. Babaev

2011-05-01

Full Text Available In the article the statement of the unification problem of housing accommodation of participants, spectators, staff, committee during the Winter Olympics in Sochi. We give a mathematical formalization of the problem, where the unknown variables are theelements of the combination of types of accommodation sorted by the level of comfortand representation.

Principles of the Unification of Our Agency

Science.gov (United States)

Roth, Klas

2011-01-01

Do we need principles of the unification of our agency, our mode of acting? Immanuel Kant and Christine Korsgaard argue that the reflective structure of our mind forces us to have some conception of ourselves, others and the world--including our agency--and that it is through will and reason, and in particular principles of our agency, that we…

Yukawa sector of minimal SO(10) unification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Babu, K.S. [Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University,Stillwater, OK, 74078 (United States); Bajc, Borut [Jožef Stefan Institute,Ljubljana, 1000 (Slovenia); Saad, Shaikh [Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University,Stillwater, OK, 74078 (United States)

2017-02-28

We show that in SO(10) models, a Yukawa sector consisting of a real 10{sub H}, a real 120{sub H} and a complex 126{sub H} of Higgs fields can provide a realistic fit to all fermion masses and mixings, including the neutrino sector. Although the group theory of SO(10) demands that the 10{sub H} and 120{sub H} be real, most constructions complexify these fields and impose symmetries exterior to SO(10) to achieve predictivity. The proposed new framework with real10{sub H} and real120{sub H} relies only on SO(10) gauge symmetry, and yet has a limited number of Yukawa parameters. Our analysis shows that while there are restrictions on the observables, a good fit to the entire fermion spectrum can be realized. Unification of gauge couplings is achieved with an intermediate scale Pati-Salam gauge symmetry. Proton decay branching ratios are calculable, with the leading decay modes being p→ν̄π{sup +} and p→e{sup +}π{sup 0}.

Gravitational waves as cosmological probes for new physics between the electroweak and the grand-unification scale

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sagunski, Laura

2013-04-01

Relic gravitational waves, generated by strongly first-order phase transitions in the early Universe, can serve as cosmological probes for new physics beyond the Standard Model. We investigate phase transitions at temperatures between the electroweak and the GUT scale in two extensions of the Standard Model for their possibility to provide detectable gravitational radiation. First, we study the Z 2 symmetry breaking phase transition in the Standard model extended by a real gauge singlet. The analysis yields that the gravitational wave amplitude of the first-order phase transition with a thermally induced barrier is several orders too small for being detectable. The second model we discuss is a left-right symmetric model based on the gauge group SU(2) L x SU(2) R x U(1) B-L generating a first-order phase transition already due to the emergence of a barrier in the tree-level potential. We derive an upper bound on the peak amplitude of the gravitational wave spectrum of the order h o 2 Ω GW ≅ 3 . 10 -11 . Hence, for very strong phase transitions a detection with the spaceborne interferometer LISA will be possible, whereas the sensitivity of the (cross-correlated) BBO detector will even allow to observe the gravitational wave spectrum within the whole parameter range of the model. By using the correlation between the characteristic parameters α and β of the gravitational wave spectrum, we finally compute the lower bounds on α(T * ) in dependence of the tunneling temperature T * which are necessary for a detection of the model spectrum by the specific detectors.

Sparticle mass hierarchies, simplified models from SUGRA unification, and benchmarks for LHC Run-II SUSY searches

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Francescone, David; Akula, Sujeet; Altunkaynak, Baris; Nath, Pran

2015-01-01

Sparticle mass hierarchies contain significant information regarding the origin and nature of supersymmetry breaking. The hierarchical patterns are severely constrained by electroweak symmetry breaking as well as by the astrophysical and particle physics data. They are further constrained by the Higgs boson mass measurement. The sparticle mass hierarchies can be used to generate simplified models consistent with the high scale models. In this work we consider supergravity models with universal boundary conditions for soft parameters at the unification scale as well as supergravity models with nonuniversalities and delineate the list of sparticle mass hierarchies for the five lightest sparticles. Simplified models can be obtained by a truncation of these, retaining a smaller set of lightest particles. The mass hierarchies and their truncated versions enlarge significantly the list of simplified models currently being used in the literature. Benchmarks for a variety of supergravity unified models appropriate for SUSY searches at future colliders are also presented. The signature analysis of two benchmark models has been carried out and a discussion of the searches needed for their discovery at LHC Run-II is given. An analysis of the spin-independent neutralino-proton cross section exhibiting the Higgs boson mass dependence and the hierarchical patterns is also carried out. It is seen that a knowledge of the spin-independent neutralino-proton cross section and the neutralino mass will narrow down the list of the allowed sparticle mass hierarchies. Thus dark matter experiments along with analyses for the LHC Run-II will provide strong clues to the nature of symmetry breaking at the unification scale.

Flavor hierarchy in SO(10) grand unified theories via 5-dimensional wave-function localization

Science.gov (United States)

Kitano, Ryuichiro; Li, Tianjun

2003-06-01

A mechanism to generate fermion-mass hierarchy in SO(10) grand unified theories is considered. We find that the lopsided family structure, which is suitable to the large angle Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein solution to solar neutrino oscillation, is realized without introducing extra matter fields if the hierarchy originates from the wave-function profile in an extra dimension. Unlike the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism, the SO(10) breaking effect may directly contribute to the source of the hierarchy, i.e., the bulk mass terms. It naturally explains the difference of the hierarchical patterns between the quark and the lepton sectors. We also find the possibility of horizontal unification, in which three generations of matter fields are unified to a 3-dimensional representation of an SU(2) gauge group.

Flavor hierarchy in SO(10) grand unified theories via 5-dimensional wave-function localization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kitano, Ryuichiro; Li Tianjun

2003-01-01

A mechanism to generate fermion-mass hierarchy in SO(10) grand unified theories is considered. We find that the lopsided family structure, which is suitable to the large angle Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein solution to solar neutrino oscillation, is realized without introducing extra matter fields if the hierarchy originates from the wave-function profile in an extra dimension. Unlike the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism, the SO(10) breaking effect may directly contribute to the source of the hierarchy, i.e., the bulk mass terms. It naturally explains the difference of the hierarchical patterns between the quark and the lepton sectors. We also find the possibility of horizontal unification, in which three generations of matter fields are unified to a 3-dimensional representation of an SU(2) gauge group

Gravitational waves as cosmological probes for new physics between the electroweak and the grand-unification scale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sagunski, Laura

2013-04-15

Relic gravitational waves, generated by strongly first-order phase transitions in the early Universe, can serve as cosmological probes for new physics beyond the Standard Model. We investigate phase transitions at temperatures between the electroweak and the GUT scale in two extensions of the Standard Model for their possibility to provide detectable gravitational radiation. First, we study the Z{sub 2} symmetry breaking phase transition in the Standard model extended by a real gauge singlet. The analysis yields that the gravitational wave amplitude of the first-order phase transition with a thermally induced barrier is several orders too small for being detectable. The second model we discuss is a left-right symmetric model based on the gauge group SU(2){sub L} x SU(2){sub R} x U(1){sub B-L} generating a first-order phase transition already due to the emergence of a barrier in the tree-level potential. We derive an upper bound on the peak amplitude of the gravitational wave spectrum of the order h{sub o}{sup 2}{Omega}{sub GW} {approx_equal} 3 . 10{sup -11}. Hence, for very strong phase transitions a detection with the spaceborne interferometer LISA will be possible, whereas the sensitivity of the (cross-correlated) BBO detector will even allow to observe the gravitational wave spectrum within the whole parameter range of the model. By using the correlation between the characteristic parameters {alpha} and {beta} of the gravitational wave spectrum, we finally compute the lower bounds on {alpha}(T{sub *}) in dependence of the tunneling temperature T{sub *} which are necessary for a detection of the model spectrum by the specific detectors.

Deductive Synthesis of the Unification Algorithm,

Science.gov (United States)

1981-06-01

DEDUCTIVE SYNTHESIS OF THE I - UNIFICATION ALGORITHM Zohar Manna Richard Waldinger I F? Computer Science Department Artificial Intelligence Center...theorem proving," Artificial Intelligence Journal, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 1-35. Boyer, R. S. and J S. Moore [Jan. 19751, "Proving theorems about LISP...d’Intelligence Artificielle , U.E.R. de Luminy, Universit6 d’ Aix-Marseille II. Green, C. C. [May 1969], "Application of theorem proving to problem

Addendum to 'Reconciling grand unification with strings by anisotropic compactifications'

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dundee, Ben; Raby, Stuart; Wingerter, Akin

2009-01-01

In this brief addendum, we clarify a point which we left unaddressed in a previous publication [Phys. Rev. D 78, 066006 (2008)]. In particular, we show that a specific vacuum configuration constructed in one of our models satisfies the condition D=0. In the previous publication, we only showed F=0. Both D=0 and F=0 are necessary to ensure that supersymmetry survives to the weak scale.

Unification of Forces: The Road to Jointness?

Science.gov (United States)

1991-05-15

tend to resist large change--or innovation. Because organizations value "predictability, stability, and certainty," incremental change is the...preferred mode of behavior for organizations.29 Unification of the forces would be a large, rather than an incremental , change; thus, the services would...coordinating planning and bidgeting , providing unified direction, accounting and controlling weapons and equipment acquisition, eliminating duplication of

Quantum gravity unification via transfinite arithmetic and geometrical averaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El Naschie, M.S.

2008-01-01

In E-Infinity theory, we have not only infinitely many dimensions but also infinitely many fundamental forces. However, due to the hierarchical structure of ε (∞) spacetime we have a finite expectation number for its dimensionality and likewise a finite expectation number for the corresponding interactions. Starting from the preceding fundamental principles and using the experimental findings as well as the theoretical value of the coupling constants of the electroweak and the strong forces we present an extremely simple averaging procedure for determining the quantum gravity unification coupling constant with and without super symmetry. The work draws heavily on previous results, in particular a paper, by the Slovian Prof. Marek-Crnjac [Marek-Crnjac L. On the unification of all fundamental forces in a fundamentally fuzzy Cantorian ε (∞) manifold and high energy physics. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 2004;4:657-68

Landsat Evapotranspiration for Historical Field-scale Water Use (1984-2015) in the Upper Rio Grande River Basin

Science.gov (United States)

Senay, G. B.; Schauer, M.; Singh, R. K.; Friedrichs, M.

2017-12-01

Field-scale water use maps derived from evapotranspiration (ET) can characterize water use patterns and the impacts of water management decisions. This project generated historical (1984-2015) Landsat-based ET maps for the entire Upper Rio Grande basin which makes this one of the largest regions in the United States with remotely sensed historical ET at Landsat resolution. More than 10,000 Landsat images spanning 32 years were processed using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model which integrates weather data and remotely sensed images to estimate monthly and annual ET. Time-series analysis focused on three water-intensive study areas within the basin: the San Luis Valley in Colorado, irrigated fields along the Rio Grande River near Albuquerque, NM, and irrigated fields near Las Cruces, NM. Preliminary analysis suggests land use changes result in declining water use in irrigated areas of the basin which corresponds with increases in land surface temperatures. Time-series analysis of water use patterns at multiple temporal and spatial scales demonstrates the impact of water management decisions on the availability of water in the basin. Comparisons with cropland data from the USDA (NASS CDL) demonstrate how water use for particular crop types changes over time in response to land use changes and shifts in water management. This study illustrates a useful application of "Big Data" earth observation science for quantifying impacts of climate and land use changes on water availability within the United States as well as applications in planning water resource allocation, managing water rights, and sustaining agricultural production in the Upper Rio Grande basin.

Roadmap of left-right models based on GUTs

Science.gov (United States)

Chakrabortty, Joydeep; Maji, Rinku; Patra, Sunando Kumar; Srivastava, Tripurari; Mohanty, Subhendra

2018-05-01

We perform a detailed study of the grand unified theories S O (10 ) and E (6 ) with left-right intermediate gauge symmetries of the form S U (N )L⊗S U (N )R⊗G . Proton decay lifetime constrains the unification scale to be ≳1016 GeV and, as discussed in this paper, unwanted cosmological relics can be evaded if the intermediate symmetry scale is ≳1012 GeV . With these conditions, we study the renormalization group evolution of the gauge couplings and do a comparative analysis of all possible left-right models where unification can occur. Both the D-parity conserved and broken scenarios as well as the supersymmetric (SUSY) and nonsupersymmetric (non-SUSY) versions are considered. In addition to the fermion and scalar representations at each stage of the symmetry breaking, contributing to the β functions, we list the intermediate left-right groups that successfully meet these requirements. We make use of the dimension-5 kinetic mixing effective operators for achieving unification and large intermediate scale. A significant result in the supersymmetric case is that to achieve successful unification for some breaking patterns, the scale of SUSY breaking needs to be at least a few TeV. In some of these cases, the intermediate scale can be as low as ˜1012 GeV , for the SUSY scale to be ˜30 TeV . This has important consequences in the collider searches for SUSY particles and phenomenology of the lightest neutralino as dark matter.

Les représentations de la réunification allemande dans l’ex-Yougoslavie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laurent Hassid

2012-06-01

Full Text Available La réunification allemande a été perçue de manière différente dans les États de l’ex-Yougoslavie. En Serbie, république la plus peuplée de la Fédération et où se trouve le pouvoir central, elle est crainte comme le symbole d’une possible désintégration. En Croatie et en Slovénie s’est ainsi répandue l’idée que « si l’Allemagne peut se réunifier, la Yougoslavie peut bien se désintégrer » (Entretien avec Vladimir Radomirovic, ancien rédacteur en chef du quotidien serbe Politika et fondateur en 2009 de Pistaljka, site Internet qui dénonce la corruption dans les Balkans - www.pistaljka.rs. Au risque de provoquer une crise au sein de la CEE, l’Allemagne a poussé les autres grandes puissances du continent, dont la France, à reconnaître rapidement les indépendances des deux républiques. Pour comprendre les différentes représentations de la réunification allemande dans les Balkans, il est nécessaire d’étudier également les perceptions de la chute du Mur de Berlin, un an plus tôt. Symbole d’un communisme qui n’est pas tombé partout dans l’ex-Yougoslavie à partir de 1991, il a néanmoins grandement participé à la désintégration de la Fédération. Vingt ans après, l’Allemagne reste un acteur majeur dans la région, mais a abandonné une partie de son influence économique et politique au profit de l’Union européenne, notamment à partir de l’introduction de l’euro qui prend la place du mark, ancienne devise de référence.

Exploring the Use of Enterprise Content Management Systems in Unification Types of Organizations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arshad Noreen Izza

2014-03-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to better understand how highly standardized and integrated businesses known as unification types of organizations use Enterprise Content Management Systems (ECMS to support their business processes. Multiple case study approach was used to study the ways two unification organizations use their ECMS in their daily work practices. Arising from these case studies are insights into the differing ways in which ECMS is used to support businesses. Based on the comparisons of the two cases, this study proposed that unification organizations may use ECMS in four ways, for: (1 collaboration, (2 information sharing that supports a standardized process structure, (3 building custom workflows that support integrated and standardized processes, and (4 providing links and access to information systems. These findings may guide organizations that are highly standardized and integrated in fashion, to achieve their intended ECMS-use, to understand reasons for ECMS failures and underutilization and to exploit technologies investments.

Detection of gravitational waves from inflation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamionkowski, M.; Jaffe, A.H.

2001-01-01

Recent measurements of temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) indicate that the Universe is flat and that large-scale structure grew via gravitational infall from primordial adiabatic perturbations. Both of these observations seem to indicate that we are on the right track with inflation. But what is the new physics responsible for inflation? This question can be answered with observations of the polarization of the CMB. Inflation predicts robustly the existence of a stochastic background of cosmological gravitational waves with an amplitude proportional to the square of the energy scale of inflation. This gravitational-wave background induces a unique signature in the polarization of the CMB. If inflation took place at an energy scale much smaller than that of grand unification, then the signal will be too small to be detectable. However, if inflation had something to do with grand unification or Planck-scale physics, then the signal is conceivably detectable in the optimistic case by the Planck satellite, or if not, then by a dedicated post-Planck CMB polarization experiment. Realistic developments in detector technology as well as a proper scan strategy could produce such a post-Planck experiment that would improve on Planck's sensitivity to the gravitational-wave background by several orders of magnitude in a decade timescale. (author)

Einstein's Last Dream: The Space–Time Unification of Fundamental ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Resonance – Journal of Science Education; Volume 3; Issue 1. Einstein's Last Dream: The Space – Time Unification of Fundamental Forces. Abdus Salam. Reflections Volume 3 Issue 1 January 1998 pp 81-88. Fulltext. Click here to view fulltext PDF. Permanent link:

Educational Systems and Rising Inequality: Eastern Germany after Unification

Science.gov (United States)

von Below, Susanne; Powell, Justin J. W.; Roberts, Lance W.

2013-01-01

Educational systems considerably influence educational opportunities and the resulting social inequalities. Contrasting institutional regulations of both structures and contents, the authors present a typology of educational system types in Germany to analyze their effects on social inequality in eastern Germany after unification. After 1990, the…

Introduction to unification of electromagnetic and weak interactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martin, F.

1980-01-01

After reviewing the present status of weak interaction phenomenology we discuss the basic principles of gauge theories. Then we show how Higgs mechanism can give massive quanta of interaction. The so-called 'Weinberg-Salam' model, which unifies electromagnetic and weak interactions, is described. We conclude with a few words on unification with strong interactions and gravity [fr

A4 family symmetry and quark-lepton unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

King, Stephen F.; Malinsky, Michal

2007-01-01

We present a model of quark and lepton masses and mixings based on A 4 family symmetry, a discrete subgroup of an SO(3) flavour symmetry, together with Pati-Salam unification. It accommodates tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing via constrained sequential dominance with a particularly simple vacuum alignment mechanism emerging through the effective D-term contributions to the scalar potential

Gravity-assisted exact unification in minimal supersymmetric SU(5) and its gaugino mass spectrum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tobe, Kazuhiro; Wells, James D.

2004-01-01

Minimal supersymmetric SU(5) with exact unification is naively inconsistent with proton decay constraints. However, it can be made viable by a gravity-induced non-renormalizable operator connecting the adjoint Higgs boson and adjoint vector boson representations. We compute the allowed coupling space for this theory and find natural compatibility with proton decay constraints even for relatively light superpartner masses. The modifications away from the naive SU(5) theory have an impact on the gaugino mass spectrum, which we calculate. A combination of precision linear collider and large hadron collider measurements of superpartner masses would enable interesting tests of the high-scale form of minimal supersymmetric SU(5)

N=2 extended supersymmetric GUTs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fayet, P.

1984-01-01

We construct N = 2 extended SUSY GUTs which provide a general association between massive spin-1 gauge bosons, spin-1/2 inos and spin-0 Higgs bosons. The corresponding gauge hypermultiplets are of four different types, while leptons and quarks are associated with mirror and spin-0 partners. The anticommutators of the two supersymmetry generators provide two spin-0 symmetry generators Zsub(s) and Zsub(p), which do not commute. Their field-independent parts and do commute, however, and appear as central charges in the symmetry algebra of the spontaneously broken gauge theory. These central charges and are linear combinations of global symmetry generators with grand unification generators such as the weak hypercharge (but not the electrical charge). They survive the electroweak symmetry breaking. They do not vanish for massive gauge hypermultiplets of types II and III, which verify M 2 = 2 + 2 > 0 and M 2 > 2 + 2 > 0, respectively. The formula M 2 approx.= 2 + 2 determines the mass spectrum on the grand unification scale, up to electroweak corrections. Finally, we indicate how our mass relations can be interpreted in a 5- or 6-dimensional formalism, the central charges appearing as the extra components of the covariant momentum along the compact fifth or sixth dimensions; and how to evaluate the grand unification mass msub(x) in terms of the lengths of the latter (msub(x)approx.=(h/2π)/Lsub(5(6))c). (orig./HSI)

Left-right symmetry in weak interactions: present status

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Senjanovic, G.

1983-01-01

The basic features of the left-right symmetric electroweak theory are reviewed. The experimental situation regarding the scale M/sub R/ of the breakdown of parity is summarized. I further discuss in detail the connection with weak and strong CP violation and especially, grand unification. Also covered are the issues of cosmological domain walls and the compositeness of quarks and leptons. 57 references

Theoretical high-energy physics. Progress report, 1 January-31 December 1985

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feldman, D.; Fried, H.M.; Jevicki, A.; Kang, K.; Tan, C.I.

1985-01-01

This year's research has dealt with: one-loop structure of spontaneously broken gauge theories and the contraction of symmetry groups; continuum strong coupling approximations by infrared extraction; methods of approximating ordered exponentials; field theoretic methods for viscous Navier-Stokes fluid flow; discretization method to quantum gravity and string field theory; skyrmions and solitons in field theory; nonlinear sigma-models with Wess-Zumino type terms; a variety of grand unification models and family unification in grand unified theories; composite fermions; axions in superstring models; cosmological constraint on heavy particles; axion emissions in astrophysicial systems; calculability of flavor-mixings; a field theoretic understanding of the quantum Hall effect including scaling of effective theta-parameter for non-axionic explanation of strong CP invariance; correlation decay theorem at high temperature; axial anomaly in chirally invariant nonlocal lattice gauge theories; axial anomaly and index theorem for manifolds with boundary; nonperturbative aspect of lattice gauge theories; lattice QCD in large N limit; quantum fluctuations of matter fields; and pregeometric quantum lattice. 40 refs

Supersymmetric grand unified theories from quarks to strings via SUSY GUTs

CERN Document Server

Raby, Stuart

2017-01-01

These course-tested lectures provide a technical introduction to Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories (SUSY GUTs), as well as a personal view on the topic by one of the pioneers in the field. While the Standard Model of Particle Physics is incredibly successful in describing the known universe it is, nevertheless, an incomplete theory with many free parameters and open issues. An elegant solution to all of these quandaries is the proposed theory of SUSY GUTs. In a GUT, quarks and leptons are related in a simple way by the unifying symmetry and their electric charges are quantized, further the relative strength of the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces are predicted. SUSY GUTs additionally provide a framework for understanding particle masses and offer candidates for dark matter. Finally, with the extension of SUSY GUTs to string theory, a quantum-mechanically consistent unification of the four known forces (including gravity) is obtained. The book is organized in three sections: the first section contai...

Signatures of High-Scale Supersymmetry at the LHC

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva; Spiropulu, Maria; Treille, D

2004-01-01

I will discuss the experimental signatures at the LHC of a novel paradigm-shift away from naturalness, suggested by the cosmological constant problem and the multitude of vacua in string theory. In the new paradigm supersymmetry can be broken near the unification scale, and the only light superparticles are the gauginos and higgsinos, which account for the successful unification of gauge couplings. This framework removes all the phenomenological difficulties of standard SUSY. The mass of the Higgs is in the range 120-160 GeV. Measuring the couplings of the Higgs to the gauginos and higgsinos precicely tests for high-scale SUSY. The gluino is strikingly long lived, and a measurement of its lifetime can determine the SUSY breaking scale. Signatures at the LHC detectors include out-of-time energy depositions, displaced vertices, and intermittent tracks.

Unification of reactor elastomeric sealing based on material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sinha, N.K.; Raj, Baldev

2012-01-01

The unification of elastomeric sealing applications of Indian nuclear reactors based on a few qualified fluoroelastomer/perfluoroelastomer compounds and standardized approaches for finite element analysis (FEA) based design, manufacturing process and antifriction coatings is discussed. It is shown that the advance polymer architecture based Viton ® formulation developed for inflatable seals of 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) and its four basic variations can encompass other sealing applications of PFBR with minimum additional efforts on development and validation. Changing the blend ratio of Viton ® GBL 200S and 600S in inflatable seal formulation could extend its use to Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs). The higher operating temperature of Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) seals expands the choice to perfluoroelastomers. FEA based on plane-strain/axisymmetric modeling (with Mooney–Rivlin as the basic constitutive model), seal manufacture by cold feed extrusion and injection molding as well as plasma Teflon-like coating belonging to two variations obtained from the development of inflatable seals provide the necessary standardization for unification. The gains in simplification of design, development and operation of seals along with the enhancements of safety and reliability are expected to be substantial.

Unification of three linear models for the transient visual system

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brinker, den A.C.

1989-01-01

Three different linear filters are considered as a model describing the experimentally determined triphasic impulse responses of discs. These impulse responses arc associated with the transient visual system. Each model reveals a different feature of the system. Unification of the models is

Law behind second law of thermodynamics - unification with cosmology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nielsen, Holger B.; Ninomiya, Masao

2006-01-01

In an abstract setting of a general classical mechanical system as a model for the universe we set up a general formalism for a law behind the second law of thermodynamics, i.e. really for 'initial conditions'. We propose a unification with the other laws by requiring similar symmetry and locality properties

Problems of CP-violation in early unification theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liparteliani, A.G.; Monich, V.A.; Volkov, G.G.

1985-01-01

The present work studies possible mechanisms of P and CP-violation in the frames of an approach based on early unification of fundamental local symmetries, i.e., Pati-Salam four-colour symmetry, extended weak isotopic symmetry and that of quark-lepton generations. The work also studies the influence of generations mixing on the rates of rare processes in each of 3 classes of interactions

Light higgsinos as heralds of higher-dimensional unification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bruemmer, F.; Buchmueller, W.

2011-05-15

Grand-unified models with extra dimensions at the GUT scale will typically contain exotic states with Standard Model charges and GUT-scale masses. They can act as messengers for gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. If the number of messengers is sizeable, soft terms for the visible sector fields will be predominantly generated by gauge mediation, while gravity mediation can induce a small {mu} parameter. We illustrate this hybrid mediation pattern with two examples, in which the superpartner spectrum contains light and near-degenerate higgsinos with masses below 200 GeV. The typical masses of all other superpartners are much larger, from at least 500 GeV up to several TeV. The lightest superparticle is the gravitino, which may be the dominant component of dark matter. (orig.)

Light higgsinos as heralds of higher-dimensional unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bruemmer, F.; Buchmueller, W.

2011-05-01

Grand-unified models with extra dimensions at the GUT scale will typically contain exotic states with Standard Model charges and GUT-scale masses. They can act as messengers for gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. If the number of messengers is sizeable, soft terms for the visible sector fields will be predominantly generated by gauge mediation, while gravity mediation can induce a small μ parameter. We illustrate this hybrid mediation pattern with two examples, in which the superpartner spectrum contains light and near-degenerate higgsinos with masses below 200 GeV. The typical masses of all other superpartners are much larger, from at least 500 GeV up to several TeV. The lightest superparticle is the gravitino, which may be the dominant component of dark matter. (orig.)

A pilot application of regional scale risk assessment to the forestry management of the upper Grand Ronde watershed, Oregon

Science.gov (United States)

Suzanne M. Anderson; Wayne G. Landis

2012-01-01

An issue in forestry management has been the integration of a variety of different information into a threat analysis or risk assessment. In this instance, regional scale risk assessment was applied to the Upper Grande Ronde watershed in eastern Oregon to examine the potential of risk assessment for use in the management of broad landscapes. The site was a focus of...

THE COMPLETION OF THE CHURCH UNIFICATION FROM 1700-1701 UNDER THE BISHOP ATANASIE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Florin-Alin OROS

2013-11-01

Full Text Available The religious unification around year 1700, betweeen a part of the Orthodox believers from Transylvania and the Church of Rome, of Catholic religion, had represented an event that left a profound spiritual mark on the Romanian and Transylvanian population. The efforts for a Unification had started under the Orthodox bishop from Transylvania, Teofil (1692-1697, a part of the Orthodox priests being willing to accept it for a series of rights and benefits. These efforts could not be accomplished because of the sudden death of the bishop in 1697. As a result of the endeavours of the next bishop of the Romanians, Atanasie, a part of the Orthodox believers had joined the new Greek-Catholic communion around 1700-1701. There is no doubt that this historical and religious endeavour was not an easy one, Atanasie being compelled to „sail” in the muddy waters of the religious structure in Transylvania. This oscillation between the Orthodox and Catholic religions, under the strict supervision of the Imperial authorities from Wien, had triggered the completion of the religious Unification at the beginning of the 18th century and the development of the Greek-Catholic church in Transylvania.

Studying gaugino mass unification at the LHC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Altunkaynak, Baris; Holmes, Michael; Nelson, Brent D.; Grajek, Phillip; Kane, Gordon

2009-01-01

We begin a systematic study of how gaugino mass unification can be probed at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in a quasi-model independent manner. As a first step in that direction we focus our attention on the theoretically well-motivated mirage pattern of gaugino masses, a one-parameter family of models of which universal (high scale) gaugino masses are a limiting case. We improve on previous methods to define an analytic expression for the metric on signature space and use it to study one-parameter deviations from universality in the gaugino sector, randomizing over other soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters. We put forward three ensembles of observables targeted at the physics of the gaugino sector, allowing for a determination of this non-universality parameter without reconstructing individual mass eigenvalues or the soft supersymmetry-breaking gaugino masses themselves. In this controlled environment we find that approximately 80% of the supersymmetric parameter space would give rise to a model for which our method will detect non-universality in the gaugino mass sector at the 10% level with O(10 fb -1 ) of integrated luminosity. We discuss strategies for improving the method and for adding more realism in dealing with the actual experimental circumstances of the LHC.

Phenomenology of cosmic phase transitions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaempfer, B.; Lukacs, B.; Paal, G.

1989-11-01

The evolution of the cosmic matter from Planck temperature to the atomic combination temperature is considered from a phenomenological point of view. Particular emphasis is devoted to the sequence of cosmic phase transitions. The inflationary era at the temperature of the order of the grand unification energy scale and the quantum chromodynamic confinement transition are dealt with in detail. (author) 131 refs.; 26 figs

Astrophysical Probes of Varying Constants and Unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martins, C J A P

2016-01-01

The observational evidence for the acceleration of the universe demonstrates that canonical theories of gravitation and particle physics are incomplete, if not incorrect. A new generation of astronomical facilities will soon carry out precision consistency tests of the standard cosmological model and search for evidence of new physics beyond it. I describe recent work of CAUP's Dark Side team on some of these tests, focusing on the stability of nature's fundamental couplings and tests of unification scenarios. (paper)

Genesis of Electroweak Unification and the Higgs

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2014-01-01

I will give a historical account of the developments leading up to the unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions, as I saw them from my standpoint in Imperial College London. I will describe the state of physics in the 1950s, the aim of finding a unified theory of various interactions, the obstacles encountered in trying to unify the weak and electromagnetic interactions, and their eventual resolution, with a brief discussion of the later history culminating in the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012.

Unification of electromagnetic, strong and weak interaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duong Van Phi; Duong Anh Duc

1993-09-01

The Unification of Electromagnetic, Strong and Weak Interactions is realized in the framework of the Quantum Field Theory, established in an 8-dimensional Unified Space. Two fundamental, spinor and vector field equations are considered. The first of the matter particles and the second is of the gauge particles. Interaction Lagrangians are formed from the external and internal currents and the external and internal vector field operators. Generators of the local gauge transformations are the combinations of the matrices of the first field equation. (author). 15 refs

Unification of Radio Galaxies and their Accretion Jet Properties

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

2016-01-27

Jan 27, 2016 ... We investigate the relation between black hole mass, bh, and jet power, jet, for a sample of BL Lacs and radio quasars. We find that BL Lacs are separated from radio quasars by the FR I/II dividing line in bh-jet plane, which strongly supports the unification scheme of FR I/BL Lac and FR II/radio ...

Unification of Radio Galaxies and their Accretion Jet Properties ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Abstract. We investigate the relation between black hole mass, Mbh, and jet power, Qjet, for a sample of BL Lacs and radio quasars. We find that BL Lacs are separated from radio quasars by the FR I/II dividing line in Mbh–Qjet plane, which strongly supports the unification scheme of FR. I/BL Lac and FR II/radio quasar.

A comparison of the cosmic-ray energy scales of Tunka-133 and KASCADE-Grande via their radio extensions Tunka-Rex and LOPES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

W.D. Apel

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The radio technique is a promising method for detection of cosmic-ray air showers of energies around 100PeV and higher with an array of radio antennas. Since the amplitude of the radio signal can be measured absolutely and increases with the shower energy, radio measurements can be used to determine the air-shower energy on an absolute scale. We show that calibrated measurements of radio detectors operated in coincidence with host experiments measuring air showers based on other techniques can be used for comparing the energy scales of these host experiments. Using two approaches, first via direct amplitude measurements, and second via comparison of measurements with air shower simulations, we compare the energy scales of the air-shower experiments Tunka-133 and KASCADE-Grande, using their radio extensions, Tunka-Rex and LOPES, respectively. Due to the consistent amplitude calibration for Tunka-Rex and LOPES achieved by using the same reference source, this comparison reaches an accuracy of approximately 10% – limited by some shortcomings of LOPES, which was a prototype experiment for the digital radio technique for air showers. In particular we show that the energy scales of cosmic-ray measurements by the independently calibrated experiments KASCADE-Grande and Tunka-133 are consistent with each other on this level.

The unification of powerful radio-loud AGN: the multi-wavelength balance

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Podigachoski, Pece; Barthel, Peter; Haas, Martin; Leipski, Christian; Wilkes, Belinda; Rocca-Volmerange, Brigitte; Drouart, Guillaume

2016-01-01

Powerful radio-loud AGN, by virtue of their optically-thin low-frequency radio emission, represent unique targets in orientation-based unification studies, and in searches for orientation indicators and orientation invariants. Central in these efforts is the landmark Third Cambridge Catalog of Radio

MUC (Memory, Unification, Control and beyond

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peter eHagoort

2013-07-01

Full Text Available A neurobiological model of language is discussed that overcomes the shortcomings of the classical Wernicke-Lichtheim-Geschwind model. It is based on a subdivision of language processing into three components: Memory, Unification, and Control. The functional components as well as the neurobiological underpinnings of the model are discussed. In addition, the need for extension of the model beyond the classical core regions for language is shown. Attentional networks as well as networks for inferential processing are crucial to realize language comprehension beyond single word processing and beyond decoding propositional content. It is shown that this requires the dynamic interaction between multiple brain regions.

Quark-lepton unification and proton decay

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pati, J.C.; Salam, A.

1980-05-01

Complexions for proton decay arising within a maximal symmetry for quark-lepton unification, which leads to spontaneous rather than intrinsic violations of B, L and F are considered. Four major modes satisfying δB=-1 and δF=0, -2, -4 and -6 are noted. It is stressed that some of these modes can coexist in accord with allowed solutions for renormalization group equations for coupling constants for a class of unifying symmetries. None of these remarks is dependent on the nature of quark charges. It is noted that if quarks and leptons are made of constituent preons, the preon binding is likely to be magnetic. (author)

Unification of fuel elements for research reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vatulyn, A.V.; Stetskyi, Y.A.; Dobrikova, I.V.

1997-01-01

To the purpose of fuel elements unification the possibility of rod fuel assembly (FA) using in the cores of research reactors have been considered in this paper. The calculation results of geometric, hydraulic and thermotechnical parameters of rod assembly are submitted. Several designs of finned square fuel element and fuel assembly are proposed on base of analysis of rod FA characteristics in compare of tube ones. The fuel elements specimens and the model assembly are manufactured. The developed designs are the basis for further optimization after neutron-physical calculations of cores. (author)

Domain walls and fermion scattering in grand unified models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steer, D.A.; Vachaspati, T.

2006-01-01

Motivated by grand unification, we study the properties of domain walls formed in a model with SU(5)xZ 2 symmetry which is spontaneously broken to SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1)/Z 6 , and subsequently to SU(3)xU(1)/Z 3 . Even after the first stage of symmetry breaking, the SU(3) symmetry is broken to SU(2)xU(1)/Z 2 on the domain wall. In a certain range of parameters, flux tubes carrying color- and hyper-charge live on the domain wall and appear as 'boojums' when viewed from one side of the domain wall. Magnetic monopoles are also formed in the symmetry breaking and those carrying color and hyper-charge can be repelled from the wall due to the Meissner effect, or else their magnetic flux can penetrate the domain wall in quantized units. After the second stage of symmetry breaking, fermions can transmute when they scatter with the domain wall, providing a simpler version of fermion-monopole scattering: for example, neutrinos can scatter into d-quarks, leaving behind electric charge and color which is carried by gauge field excitations living on the domain wall

Reason for SU(6) grand unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, J.E.

1981-08-01

An SU(6) model can naturally guarantee strong CP invariance. This also includes Georgi and Glashow's SU(5) model. The axion in this model can be either invisible or visible, depending on the symmetry breaking scheme. The invisible axion is identical to a Majoron. Also, there exists a relationship between 24sub(H) and 45sub(H) of SU(5). (author)

Cosmological grand unification monopoles: astrophysical constraints

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fry, J.N.

1982-01-01

I review the general arguments which suggest that relic GU magnetic monopoles should emerge from the early universe, and I discuss several astrophysical settings in which their effects could be, but are not, observed. This places limits on their possible flux, and their abundance bound to more ordinary material

Focus point gauge mediation in product group unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bruemmer, Felix; Ibe, Masahiro; Tokyo Univ., Kashiwa; Yanagida, Tsutomu T.

2013-03-01

In certain models of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking with messenger fields in incomplete GUT multiplets, the radiative corrections to the Higgs potential cancel out during renormalization group running. This allows for relatively heavy superpartners and for a 125 GeV Higgs while the ne-tuning remains modest. In this paper, we show that such gauge mediation models with ''focus point'' behaviour can be naturally embedded into a model of SU(5) x U(3) product group unification.

Introduction to quantum field theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kazakov, D.I.

1988-01-01

The lectures appear to be a continuation to the introduction to elementary principles of the quantum field theory. The work is aimed at constructing the formalism of standard particle interaction model. Efforts are made to exceed the limits of the standard model in the quantum field theory context. Grand unification models including strong and electrical weak interactions, supersymmetric generalizations of the standard model and grand unification theories and, finally, supergravitation theories including gravitation interaction to the universal scheme, are considered. 3 refs.; 19 figs.; 2 tabs

Vacuum alignment and radiatively induced Fermi scale

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Alanne, Tommi

2017-01-01

We extend the discussion about vacuum misalignment by quantum corrections in models with composite pseudo-Goldstone Higgs boson to renormalisable models with elementary scalars. As a concrete example, we propose a framework, where the hierarchy between the unification and the Fermi scale emerges ...

Do Unification Models Explain the X-ray Properties of Radio Sources?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wilkes, Belinda J.; Kuraszkiewicz, J.; Haas, M.; Barthel, P.; Willner, S. P.; Leipski, C.; Worrall, D.; Birkinshaw, M.; Antonucci, R. R.; Ashby, M.; Chini, R.; Fazio, G. G.; Lawrence, C. R.; Ogle, P. M.; Schulz, B.

Chandra observations of a complete, flux-limited sample of 38 high-redshift (1 Unification models and lead to estimates of the covering

Cosmogenesis and the origin of the fundamental length scale

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brout, R.; Englert, F.; Frere, J.M.; Gunzig, E.; Nardone, P.; Truffin, C.

1980-01-01

The creation of the universe is regarded as a self-consistent process in which matter is engendered by the space-time varying cosmological gravitational field and vice versa. Abundant production can occur only if the mass of the particles so created is of the order of the Planck mass (= ksup(-1/2)). We conjecture that this is the origin of the fundamental length scale in field theory, as it is encountered, for example, in present efforts towards grand unification. The region of particle production is steady state in character. It ceases when the produced particles decay. The geometry of this steady state is characteristic of a de Sitter space. It permits one to estimate the number of ordinary particles presently observed, N. We find log N = O (mtausub(decay)) = O(g -2 ) = O(10 2 ), with the usual estimate of g = O(10 -1 ) at the Planck length scale. This is not inconsistent with the experimental estimate N approx. = O(10 90 ). After production, cosmological history gives way to the more conventional scheme of free expansion. The present paper is a self-contained account of our view of cosmological history and the production of matter in a varying gravitational field. Special care has been taken to describe the vacuum correctly in the present context and to perform the necessary subtractions of zero-point effects. (orig.)

[Laboratory unification: advantages and disadvantages for clinical microbiology].

Science.gov (United States)

Andreu, Antonia; Matas, Lurdes

2010-10-01

This article aims to reflect on which areas or tasks of microbiology laboratories could be unified with those of clinical biochemistry, hematology, immunology or pathology laboratories to benefit patients and the health system, as well as the areas that should remain independent since their amalgamation would not only fail to provide a benefit but could even jeopardize the quality of microbiological diagnosis, and consequently patient care. To do this, the distinct analytic phases of diagnosis are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of amalgamation are evaluated in each phase. The pros and cons of the unification of certain areas such as the computer system, occupational risk units, customer service, purchasing logistics, and materials storage, etc, are also discussed. Lastly, the effect of unification on urgent microbiology diagnosis is analyzed. Microbiological diagnosis should be unique. The microbiologist should perform an overall evaluation of the distinct techniques used for a particular patient, both those that involve direct diagnosis (staining, culture, antigen detection techniques or molecular techniques) and indirect diagnosis (antibody detection). Moreover, the microbiology laboratory should be independent, with highly trained technicians and specialists in microbiology that provide added value as experts in infection and as key figures in the process of establishing a correct etiological diagnosis. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier España S.L. All rights reserved.

GOCE++ Dynamical Coastal Topography and tide gauge unification using altimetry and GOCE

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Ole Baltazar; Knudsen, Per; Nielsen, Karina

Mean Dynamic Topography (MDT) of the ocean along a coastline which contributes/requires reconciling altimetry, tide gauge and vertical land motion. The fundamental use of the MDT computed using altimetry, ocean models or through the use of tide gauges has values of between -2 and +1 meters at different...... processes and physics responsible for sea level changes on various temporal/spatial scales. The study runs from October 2015 to march 2017 and involves elements like: Develop an approach to estimate a consistent DT at tide gauges, coastal areas, and open ocean; Validate the approach in well-surveyed areas......ESA has recently released a study on the potential of ocean levelling as a novel approach to the study of height system unification taking the recent development in geoid accuracy trough GOCE data into account. The suggested investigation involves the use of measurements and modelling to estimate...

Restrictions on SU(5) as a grand unified theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shellard, R.C.

1984-01-01

Some restrictions imposed upon Grand Unified Theories by dynamical symetry breakdown are examined. They are shown that, in particular, theories SU(5) as symmetry group, with 3 or more fermion families undergo dynamical symmetry breakdown, and some of the fermions will acquire mass at the Grand Unified scale. On the other hand, the SO(10) group, with 3 families is free from this problem. (Author) [pt

Focus point gauge mediation in product group unification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bruemmer, Felix [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Ibe, Masahiro [Tokyo Univ., Kashiwa (Japan). Kavli IPMU, TODIAS; Tokyo Univ., Kashiwa (Japan). ICRR; Yanagida, Tsutomu T. [Tokyo Univ., Kashiwa (Japan). Kavli IPMU, TODIAS

2013-03-15

In certain models of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking with messenger fields in incomplete GUT multiplets, the radiative corrections to the Higgs potential cancel out during renormalization group running. This allows for relatively heavy superpartners and for a 125 GeV Higgs while the ne-tuning remains modest. In this paper, we show that such gauge mediation models with ''focus point'' behaviour can be naturally embedded into a model of SU(5) x U(3) product group unification.

Electroweak symmetry breaking in supersymmetric gauge-Higgs unification models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choi, Kiwoon; Jeong, Kwang-Sik; Okumura, Ken-ichi; Haba, Naoyuki; Shimizu, Yasuhiro; Yamaguchi, Masahiro

2004-01-01

We examine the Higgs mass parameters and electroweak symmetry breaking in supersymmetric orbifold field theories in which the 4-dimensional Higgs fields originate from higher-dimensional gauge supermultiplets. It is noted that such gauge-Higgs unification leads to a specific boundary condition on the Higgs mass parameters at the compactification scale, which is independent of the details of supersymmetry breaking mechanism. With this boundary condition, phenomenologically viable parameter space of the model is severely constrained by the condition of electroweak symmetry breaking for supersymmetry breaking scenarios which can be realized naturally in orbifold field theories. For instance, if it is assumed that the 4-dimensional effective theory is the minimal supersymmetric standard model with supersymmetry breaking parameters induced by the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism, a correct electroweak symmetry breaking can not be achieved for reasonable range of parameters of the model, even when one includes additional contributions to the Higgs mass parameters from the auxiliary component of 4-dimensional conformal compensator. However if there exists a supersymmetry breaking mediated by brane superfields, sizable portion of the parameter space can give a correct electroweak symmetry breaking. (author)

Twenty years later: Why I still believe in SU(4)-color

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pati, J.C.

1994-01-01

Following some preliminary remarks of a historical nature, the recent success of the conventional approach to grand unification as regards the meeting of the coupling constants is summarized. Its shortcomings as regards the arbitrariness in the Higgs sector are noted and a case is made for an alternative approach to unification based on a purely gauge origin of the fundamental forces. This seems to call for the ideas of local supersymmetry and preons. Preonic ideas in turn seem to require SU(4)-color symmetry. The advantages of the marriage of these ideas as regards an understanding of the origins of (a) diverse mass-scales, (b) family-replication and (c) inter-family mass-hierarchy are discussed. (author). 31 refs, 2 figs

Unification and extension of the similarity scaling criteria and mixing transition for studying astrophysics using high energy density laboratory experiments or numerial simulations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhou, Y

2006-08-21

The Euler similarity criteria for laboratory experiments and time-dependent mixing transition are important concepts introduced recently for application to prediction and analysis of astrophysical phenomena. However Euler scaling by itself provides no information on the distinctive spectral range of high Reynolds number turbulent flows found in astrophysics situations. On the other hand, time-dependent mixing transition gives no indication on whether a flow that just passed the mixing transition is sufficient to capture all of the significant dynamics of the complete astrophysical spectral range. In this paper, a new approach, based on additional insight gained from review of Navier-Stokes turbulence theory, is developed. It allows for revelations about the distinctive spectral scale dynamics associated with high Reynolds number astrophysical flows. From this perspective, we caution that the energy containing range of the turbulent flow measured in a laboratory setting must not be unintentionally contaminated in such a way that the interactive influences of this spectral scale range in the corresponding astrophysical situation cannot be faithfully represented. In this paper we introduce the concept of a minimum state as the lowest Reynolds number turbulent flow that a time-dependent mixing transition must achieve to fulfill this objective. Later in the paper we show that the Reynolds number of the minimum state may be determined as 1.6 x 10{sup 5}. Our efforts here can be viewed as a unification and extension of the concepts of both similarity scaling and transient mixing transition concepts. At the last the implications of our approach in planning future intensive laser experiments or massively parallel numerical simulations are discussed. A systematic procedure is outlined so that as the capabilities of the laser interaction experiments and supporting results from detailed numerical simulations performed in recently advanced supercomputing facilities increase

Unification and extension of the similarity scaling criteria and mixing transition for studying astrophysics using high energy density laboratory experiments or numerical simulations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Ye

2007-01-01

The Euler similarity criteria for laboratory experiments and time-dependent mixing transition are important concepts introduced recently for application to prediction and analysis of astrophysical phenomena. However, Euler scaling by itself provides no information on the distinctive spectral range of high Reynolds number turbulent flows found in astrophysics situations. On the other hand, time-dependent mixing transition gives no indication on whether a flow that just passed the mixing transition is sufficient to capture all of the significant dynamics of the complete astrophysical spectral range. In this paper, a new approach, based on additional insight gained from review of Navier-Stokes turbulence theory, is developed. It allows for revelations about the distinctive spectral scale dynamics associated with high Reynolds number astrophysical flows. From this perspective, the energy-containing range of the turbulent flow measured in a laboratory setting must not be unintentionally contaminated in such a way that the interactive influences of this spectral scale range in the corresponding astrophysical situation cannot be faithfully represented. In this paper, the concept of a minimum state is introduced as the lowest Reynolds number turbulent flow that a time-dependent mixing transition must achieve to fulfill this objective. Later in the paper, the Reynolds number of the minimum state is determined as 1.6x10 5 . The temporal criterion for the minimum state is also obtained. The efforts here can be viewed as a unification and extension of the concepts of both similarity scaling and transient mixing transition concepts. Finally, the implications of our approach in planning future intensive laser experiments or massively parallel numerical simulations are discussed. A systematic procedure is outlined so that as the capabilities of the laser interaction experiments and supporting results from detailed numerical simulations performed in recently advanced

New Developments in Supersymmetry (1/5)

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2001-01-01

Introduction to supersymmetric grand unified theories. An introduction to the MSSM and different mechanisms for supersymmetry breaking. Then the details of SU(5) and SO(10) unification, the new gauge sector beyond the standard model, representations of quarks and leptons. Gauge and Yukawa coupling unification and some predictions.

New Developments in Supersymmetry (2/5)

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2001-01-01

Introduction to supersymmetric grand unified theories. An introduction to the MSSM and different mechanisms for supersymmetry breaking. Then the details of SU(5) and SO(10) unification, the new gauge sector beyond the standard model, representations of quarks and leptons. Gauge and Yukawa coupling unification and some predictions.

New Developments in Supersymmetry (5/5)

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2001-01-01

Introduction to supersymmetric grand unified theories. An introduction to the MSSM and different mechanisms for supersymmetry breaking. Then the details of SU(5) and SO(10) unification, the new gauge sector beyond the standard model, representations of quarks and leptons. Gauge and Yukawa coupling unification and some predictions.

New Developments in Supersymmetry (3/5)

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2001-01-01

Introduction to supersymmetric grand unified theories. An introduction to the MSSM and different mechanisms for supersymmetry breaking. Then the details of SU(5) and SO(10) unification, the new gauge sector beyond the standard model, representations of quarks and leptons. Gauge and Yukawa coupling unification and some predictions.

Beyond the CMSSM without an accelerator: proton decay and direct dark matter detection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ellis, John; Evans, Jason L.; Olive, Keith A.; Luo, Feng; Nagata, Natsumi; Sandick, Pearl

2016-01-01

We consider two potential non-accelerator signatures of generalizations of the well-studied constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (CMSSM). In one generalization, the universality constraints on soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters are applied at some input scale M in below the grand unification (GUT) scale M GUT , a scenario referred to as 'sub-GUT'. The other generalization we consider is to retain GUT-scale universality for the squark and slepton masses, but to relax universality for the soft supersymmetry-breaking contributions to the masses of the Higgs doublets. As with other CMSSM-like models, the measured Higgs mass requires supersymmetric particle masses near or beyond the TeV scale. Because of these rather heavy sparticle masses, the embedding of these CMSSM-like models in a minimal SU(5) model of grand unification can yield a proton lifetime consistent with current experimental limits, and may be accessible in existing and future proton decay experiments. Another possible signature of these CMSSM-like models is direct detection of supersymmetric dark matter. The direct dark matter scattering rate is typically below the reach of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment if M in is close to M GUT , but it may lie within its reach if M in

Neutrino masses and the unification of the SO(10) families

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maalampi, J.; Enqvist, K.

1980-01-01

We show that the unification of the SO(10) families in SO(10+m) group can offer a solution to the neutrino mass problem. For simplicity we have restricted our analysis to SO(11), which contains - aside from generation mixing -the main novel feature of the theories of this kind: fermions that couple by V+A charged weak currents. (author)

The origin of baryon number and related problems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schramm, D.N.; Turner, M.S.

1980-01-01

The possibility of cosmological baryon production, as motivated by grand unification, is discussed. It is postulated that the application of grand unified theories of particle interactions may explain the origin of baryons in the universe. (C.F.)

Low-luminosity Blazars in Wise: A Mid-infrared View of Unification

Science.gov (United States)

Plotkin, Richard M.; Anderson, S. F.; Brandt, W. N.; Markoff, S.; Shemmer, O.; Wu, J.

2012-01-01

We use the preliminary data release from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) to perform the first statistical study on the mid-infrared (IR) properties of a large number ( 102) of BL Lac objects -- low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) with a jet beamed toward the Earth. As expected, many BL Lac objects are so highly beamed that their jet synchrotron emission dominates their IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs), and the shape of their SEDs in the IR correlates well with SED peak frequency. In other BL Lac objects, the jet is not strong enough to completely dilute the rest of the AGN, and we do not see observational signatures of the dusty torus from these weakly beamed BL Lac objects. While at odds with simple unification, the missing torus is consistent with recent suggestions that BL Lac objects are fed by radiatively inefficient accretion flows. We discuss implications on the ``nature vs. nurture" debate for FR I and FR II galaxies, and also on the standard orientation-based AGN unification model.

Exchange-Rate Unification with Black Market Leakages; Russia 1992

OpenAIRE

Linda S. Goldberg

1993-01-01

In 1992 Russia unified the multiple exchange rates that had applied to international transactions. This paper describes the multiple exchange rate system that existed in Russia prior to mid-1992 and undertakes a theoretical exploration of the effects of the exchange rate unification that took place in July 1992. The model developed here allows for leakages between official and black markets and permits flexibility of the exchange rates in both official and parallel currency markets. Within th...

Yukawa unification in moduli-dominant SUSY breaking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khalil, S.; Tatsuo Kobayashi

1997-07-01

We study Yukawa in string models with moduli-dominant SUSY breaking. This type of SUSY breaking in general leads to non-universal soft masses, i.e. soft scalar masses and gaugino masses. Such non-universality is important for phenomenological aspects of Yukawa unification, i.e., successful electroweak breaking, SUSY corrections to the bottom mass and the branching ratio of b → sγ. We show three regions in the whole parameter space which lead to successful electroweak breaking and allow small SUSY corrections to the bottom mass. For these three regions we investigated the b → sγ decay and mass spectra. (author). 26 refs, 6 figs

Electric dipole moments as a test of supersymmetric unification

CERN Document Server

Dimopoulos, Savas K; Dimopoulos, S; Hall, L J

1995-01-01

In a class of supersymmetric grand unified theories, including those based on the gauge group SO(10), there are new contributions to the electric dipole moments of the neutron and electron, which arise as a heavy top quark effect. These contributions arise from CKM-like phases, not from phases of the supersymmetry breaking operators, and can be reliably computed in terms of the parameters of the weak scale supersymmetric theory. For the expected ranges of these parameters, the electric dipole moments of the neutron and the electron are predicted to be close to present experimental limits.

125 GeV Higgs boson mass from 5D gauge-Higgs unification

Science.gov (United States)

Carson, Jason; Okada, Nobuchika

2018-03-01

In the context of a simple gauge-Higgs unification (GHU) scenario based on the gauge group SU(3)×U(1)^' in a 5D flat space-time, we investigate the possibility of reproducing the observed Higgs boson mass of around 125 GeV. We introduce bulk fermion multiplets with a bulk mass and a (half-)periodic boundary condition. In our analysis, we adopt a low-energy effective theoretical approach of the GHU scenario, where the running Higgs quartic coupling is required to vanish at the compactification scale. Under this "gauge-Higgs condition," we investigate the renormalization group evolution of the Higgs quartic coupling and find a relation between the bulk mass and the compactification scale so as to reproduce the 125 GeV Higgs boson mass. Through quantum corrections at the one-loop level, the bulk fermions contribute to the Higgs boson production and decay processes and deviate the Higgs boson signal strengths at the Large Hadron Collider experiments from the Standard Model (SM) predictions. Employing the current experimental data that show that the Higgs boson signal strengths for a variety of Higgs decay modes are consistent with the SM predictions, we obtain lower mass bounds on the lightest mode of the bulk fermions to be around 1 TeV.

Unification of Frequency direction Pilot-symbol Aided Channel Estimation (PACE) for OFDM

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rom, Christian; Manchón, Carles Navarro; Deneire, Luc

2007-01-01

their specificities, namely the presence of virtual subcarriers and non-sample-spaced channels. To ease this choice, we propose a unified presentation of estimators encompassing most of the algorithms that can be found in literature, which only differ by the assumptions made on the channel. This unification leads...

The grand unified link between the Peccei-Quinn mechanism and the generation puzzle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davidson, A.; Wali, K.C.

1982-03-01

The essential ingredients of the Peccei-Quinn mechanism are shown to be dictated by a proper choice of a grand unification scheme. The presence of U(1)sub(PQ) gives rise to the possibility that the same physics which resolves the strong CP-violation problem may decode the generation puzzle with no extra cost. Multigenerational signatures of the invisible axion scenario, such as the canonical fermion mass matrix, are discussed. The uniqueness and the special values of the quantized PQ-assignments, namely 1,-3,5-7,... for successive generations, acquire an automatic explanation once the idea of ''horizontal compositeness'' is invoked. A characteristic feature then is that the muon appears to have a less complicated structure than the electron. Furthermore, U(1)sub(PQ) chooses SO(10) to be its only tenable gauge symmetry partner, and at the same time crucially restricts the associated Higgs system. All this finally results in a consistent fermion mass hierarchy with log m, to the crudest estimation, varying linearly with respect to the generation index. (author)

Unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iliopoulos, J.

1983-01-01

This chapter describes the weak and electromagnetic interactions by a gauge theory based on the group U(1)xSU(2). Discusses SO(10), E 6 , beyond gauge theories, Grassmann algebras, graded superalgebras, Majorana and Weyl spinors; particle representations; all possible supersymmetries of the S-matrix; representations in terms of fields; a simple field theory model; supersymmetry and gauge invariance; the breaking of supersymmetry; the supersymmetric extension of the standard model; and supersymmetry and grand-unified theories. Finds that the rate of approach to the symmetric, which is logarithmic for dimensionless couplings, is too slow to account for the high accuracy with which symmetries are observed in nature. Shows that scalar Q.E.D. in perturbation theory is not an I.R. attractor when one attempts to approach it via a class of theories with negative metric

Reinventing Consumption Traditions through the Process of Unification of a Country: Understanding “Good Bye Lenin!”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ece Ceren Engür

2016-02-01

Full Text Available This paper focuses on the change of consumption traditions in terms of re-unification of a country. The discussion bases on the movie, “Good Bye Lenin!”(2003 and chases the transformations on consumption trends in order to understand how the re-unification of East and West Germany influences the practices of everyday life after a four decade long segregation. The movie displays the 1990’s Germany during the times when the Berlin Wall falls and frames a family portrait which is dominated by an idealist and traditional mother character in the last days of her life.

76 FR 15209 - 150th Anniversary of the Unification of Italy, 2011

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-21

... fighting for the preservation of our own Union, Giuseppe Garibaldi's campaign for the unification of Italy... millions of American women and men of Italian descent who strengthen and enrich our Nation. Italy and the... thousand eleven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and thirty-fifth...

Perturbation constraint on particle masses in the Weinberg-Salam model with two massless Higgs doublets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inoue, Kenzo; Nakano, Yoshimasa; Kakuto, Akira.

1980-01-01

The Weinberg-Salam model with two Higgs doublets is investigated. The spontaneous breakdown of the gauge symmetry is assumed to be produced by the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism, keeping gauge hierarchies in grand unified theories in mind. A discrete symmetry is introduced to secure flavor-diagonal Yukawa interactions of neutral Higgs bosons and the absence of the axion. Bounds on various masses are obtained by imposing coupling constants to lie in a finite range for the validity of the perturbation theory. It will be found that there must be at least one Higgs boson whose mass is lighter than 40 GeV, in order to satisfy the perturbation constraint at the unification mass scale in grand unified theories. (author)

THE UNIFICATION OF POWERFUL QUASARS AND RADIO GALAXIES AND THEIR RELATION TO OTHER MASSIVE GALAXIES

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Podigachoski, Pece; Barthel, Peter [Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AD Groningen (Netherlands); Haas, Martin [Astronomisches Institut, Ruhr Universität, D-44801 Bochum (Germany); Leipski, Christian [Max-Planck Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), D-69117 Heidelberg (Germany); Wilkes, Belinda, E-mail: podigachoski@astro.rug.nl [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States)

2015-06-10

The unification model for powerful radio galaxies (RGs) and radio-loud quasars postulates that these objects are intrinsically the same but viewed along different angles. Herschel Space Observatory data permit the assessment of that model in the far-infrared spectral window. We analyze photometry from Spitzer and Herschel for the distant 3CR hosts, and find that RGs and quasars have different mid-infrared, but indistinguishable far-infrared colors. Both these properties, the former being orientation dependent and the latter orientation invariant, are in line with expectations from the unification model. Adding powerful radio-quiet active galaxies and typical massive star-forming (SF) galaxies to the analysis, we demonstrate that infrared colors not only provide an orientation indicator, but can also distinguish active from SF galaxies.

THE UNIFICATION OF POWERFUL QUASARS AND RADIO GALAXIES AND THEIR RELATION TO OTHER MASSIVE GALAXIES

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Podigachoski, Pece; Barthel, Peter; Haas, Martin; Leipski, Christian; Wilkes, Belinda

2015-01-01

The unification model for powerful radio galaxies (RGs) and radio-loud quasars postulates that these objects are intrinsically the same but viewed along different angles. Herschel Space Observatory data permit the assessment of that model in the far-infrared spectral window. We analyze photometry from Spitzer and Herschel for the distant 3CR hosts, and find that RGs and quasars have different mid-infrared, but indistinguishable far-infrared colors. Both these properties, the former being orientation dependent and the latter orientation invariant, are in line with expectations from the unification model. Adding powerful radio-quiet active galaxies and typical massive star-forming (SF) galaxies to the analysis, we demonstrate that infrared colors not only provide an orientation indicator, but can also distinguish active from SF galaxies

Viable and testable SUSY GUTs with Yukawa unification the case of split trilinears

CERN Document Server

Guadagnoli, Diego; Straub, David M

2009-01-01

We explore general SUSY GUT models with exact third-generation Yukawa unification, but where the requirement of universal soft terms at the GUT scale is relaxed. We consider the scenario in which the breaking of universality inherits from the Yukawa couplings, i.e. is of minimal flavor violating (MFV) type. In particular, the MFV principle allows for a splitting between the up-type and the down-type soft trilinear couplings. We explore the viability of this trilinear splitting scenario by means of a fitting procedure to electroweak observables, quark masses as well as flavor-changing neutral current processes. Phenomenological viability singles out one main scenario. This scenario is characterized by a sizable splitting between the trilinear soft terms and a large mu term. Remarkably, this scenario does not invoke a partial decoupling of the sparticle spectrum, as in the case of universal soft terms, but instead it requires part of the spectrum, notably the lightest stop, the gluino and the lightest charginos...

Constructing 5d orbifold grand unified theories from heterotic strings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kobayashi, Tatsuo; Raby, Stuart; Zhang Renjie

2004-01-01

A three-generation Pati-Salam model is constructed by compactifying the heterotic string on a particular T 6 /Z 6 Abelian symmetric orbifold with two discrete Wilson lines. The compactified space is taken to be the Lie algebra lattice G 2 -bar SU(3)-bar SO(4). When one dimension of the SO(4) lattice is large compared to the string scale, this model reproduces many features of a 5d SO(10) grand unified theory compactified on an S 1 /Z 2 orbifold. (Of course, with two large extra dimensions we can obtain a 6d SO(10) grand unified theory.) We identify the orbifold parities and other ingredients of the orbifold grand unified theories in the string model. Our construction provides a UV completion of orbifold grand unified theories, and gives new insights into both field theoretical and string theoretical constructions

Unification venoplasty to cope with recipient portal vein anomaly during living donor liver transplantation.

Science.gov (United States)

Kang, S-H; Hwang, S; Jung, D-H; Ahn, C-S; Moon, D-B; Ha, T-Y; Song, G-W; Kim, K-H; Park, G-C; Namgoong, J-M; Park, Y-H; Park, H-W; Jung, B-H; Lee, S-G

2013-10-01

To cope with recipient portal vein (PV) anomalies, such as early branching of the right posterior section (RPS), during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) surgery, we performed a simulation study to standardize the surgical technique for unification portal venoplasty. This study included an observational analysis of conventional methods utilizing RPS PV, simulation-based design of a new surgical technique, and clinical application of this new technique. In a case encountering RPS PV, a mild anastomotic PV stenosis was persistent over 6 months postsurgery, indicating the need for technical refinement. After computational simulation analysis, we found that simple suturing of the PV branch patch automatically resulted in a funnel-shaped elongation. A prospective recipient study (n = 30) indicated that usual PV reconstruction via the PV bifurcation method is feasible in the absence of unusual donor or recipient PV anomaly. Retrospective living donor PV anatomy analysis (n = 20) revealed that 20-mm-long limbs of the first-order PV branches are necessary to make a 10- to l5-mm-long funneled PV stump. This technique of unification venoplasty for an anomalous recipient PV was applied to an adult patient undergoing LDLT with a right liver graft, for which it was shown to be technically feasible and effective. A simplified unification venoplasty technique was developed to cope with a recipient PV anomaly in adult LDLT. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Decaying dark matter in supersymmetric SU(5) models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luo Mingxing; Wang Liucheng; Wu Wei; Zhu Guohuai

2010-01-01

Motivated by recent observations from PAMELA, Fermi and H.E.S.S., we consider dark matter decays in the framework of supersymmetric SU(5) grand unification theories. An SU(5) singlet S is assumed to be the main component of dark matters, which decays into visible particles through dimension six operators suppressed by the grand unification scale. Under certain conditions, S decays dominantly into a pair of sleptons with universal coupling for all generations. Subsequently, electrons and positrons are produced from cascade decays of these sleptons. These cascade decay chains smooth the e + +e - spectrum, which permit naturally a good fit to the Fermi-LAT data. The observed positron fraction upturn by PAMELA can be reproduced simultaneously. We have also calculated diffuse gamma-ray spectra due to the e ± excesses and compared them with the preliminary Fermi-LAT data from 0.1 GeV to 10 GeV in the region 0 deg. ≤l≤ 360 deg., 10 deg. ≤|b|≤20 deg. The photon spectrum of energy above 100 GeV, mainly from final state radiations, may be checked in the near future.

Dynamical supersymmetry breaking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Affleck, I.

1985-03-01

Supersymmetry, and in particular, dynamical supersymmetry breaking, offers the hope of a natural solution of the gauge hierarchy problem in grand unification. I briefly review recent work on dynamical supersymmetry breaking in four-dimensional Higgs theories and its application to grand unified model building

Group theory approach to unification of gravity with internal symmetry gauge interactions. Part 1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Samokhvalov, S.E.; Vanyashin, V.S.

1990-12-01

The infinite group of deformed diffeomorphisms of space-time continuum is put into the basis of the Gauge Theory of Gravity. This gives rise to some new ways for unification of gravity with other gauge interactions. (author). 7 refs

Quantum numbers of anti-grand-unified-theory Higgs fields from the quark-lepton spectrum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Froggatt, C.D.; Nielsen, H.B.; Smith, D.J.

2002-01-01

A series of Higgs field quantum numbers in the anti-grand-unification model, based on the gauge group SMG 3 xU(1) f , is tested against the spectrum of quark and lepton masses and mixing angles. A more precise formulation of the statement that the couplings are assumed of order unity is given. It is found that the corrections coming from this more precise assumption do not contain factors of the order of the number of colors, N c =3, as one could have feared. We also include a combinatorial correction factor, taking account of the distinct internal orderings within the chain Feynman diagrams in our statistical estimates. Strictly speaking our model predicts that the uncertainty in its predictions and thus the accuracy of our fits should be ±60%. Many of the best fitting quantum numbers give a higher accuracy fit to the masses and mixing angles, although within the expected fluctuations in a χ 2 . This means that our fit is as good as it can possibly be

Primordial gravitational waves and cosmology.

Science.gov (United States)

Krauss, Lawrence M; Dodelson, Scott; Meyer, Stephan

2010-05-21

The observation of primordial gravitational waves could provide a new and unique window on the earliest moments in the history of the universe and on possible new physics at energies many orders of magnitude beyond those accessible at particle accelerators. Such waves might be detectable soon, in current or planned satellite experiments that will probe for characteristic imprints in the polarization of the cosmic microwave background, or later with direct space-based interferometers. A positive detection could provide definitive evidence for inflation in the early universe and would constrain new physics from the grand unification scale to the Planck scale.

Towards low energy physics from the heterotic string

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanchez, S.N.R.

2008-06-15

We investigate orbifold compactifications of the heterotic string, addressing in detail their construction, classification and phenomenological potential. Based on the insight gained from grand unification theories, we develop a successful strategy to search for models resembling the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model (MSSM) in Z{sub 6}-II orbifold compactifications. We find about 200 MSSM candidates with the gauge group and the exact spectrum of the MSSM, and supersymmetric vacua below the compactification scale. Among them, there are several models with the following realistic features: R-parity, seesaw suppressed neutrino masses, and intermediate scale of supersymmetry breakdown. (orig.)

Peter J Derrick and the Grand Scale 'Magnificent Mass Machine' mass spectrometer at Warwick.

Science.gov (United States)

Colburn, A W; Derrick, Peter J; Bowen, Richard D

2017-12-01

The value of the Grand Scale 'Magnificent Mass Machine' mass spectrometer in investigating the reactivity of ions in the gas phase is illustrated by a brief analysis of previously unpublished work on metastable ionised n-pentyl methyl ether, which loses predominantly methanol and an ethyl radical, with very minor contributions for elimination of ethane and water. Expulsion of an ethyl radical is interpreted in terms of isomerisation to ionised 3-pentyl methyl ether, via distonic ions and, possibly, an ion-neutral complex comprising ionised ethylcyclopropane and methanol. This explanation is consistent with the closely similar behaviour of the labelled analogues, C 3 H 7 CH 2 CD 2 OCH 3 +. and C 3 H 7 CD 2 CH 2 OCH 3 +. , and is supported by the greater kinetic energy release associated with loss of ethane from ionised n-propyl methyl ether compared to that starting from directly generated ionised 3-pentyl methyl ether.

INTRODUCTION A L'UNIFICATION DES INTERACTIONS ELECTROMAGNETIQUES ET FAIBLES

OpenAIRE

Martin , F.

1980-01-01

Après avoir décrit l'état actuel de la phénoménologie des interactions faibles on discute les principes de base des théories de jauge. On montre ensuite comment le mécanisme de Higgs permet d'obtenir des quanta d'interaction massifs. Le modèle dit de "Weinberg-Salam" permettant d'unifier les interactions électromagnétiques et faibles est présenté. On termine par quelques mots sur l'unification avec les interactions fortes et la gravitation.

A low αs and its consequences for unified model building

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brahmachari, B.; Mohapatra, R.N.

1995-08-01

We review various ways of obtaining consistency between the idea of supersymmetric grand unification and an apparent low value of α s ∼ 0.112 indicated by several low energy experiments. We argue that to reconcile the low value of α s with the predictions of supersymmetric GUTs, we need to go beyond the standard minimal supersymmetric GUT scenario and invoke new physics either at 10 11 - 10 12 GeV, or at the GUT scale. (author). 35 refs, 3 figs, 4 tabs

Interplay between grand unification and supersymmetry in

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

2016-01-21

Jan 21, 2016 ... Proceedings of the International Workshop/Conference on Computational Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science (IWCCMP-2015). Posted on November 27, 2015. Guest Editors: Anurag Srivastava, C. S. Praveen, H. S. Tewari. © 2015 Indian Academy of Sciences, Bengaluru. Contact | Site index.

Grand unification in the heterotic brane world

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vaudrevange, Patrick Karl Simon

2008-08-01

String theory is known to be one of the most promising candidates for a uni ed description of all elementary particles and their interactions. Starting from the ten-dimensional heterotic string, we study its compactification on six-dimensional orbifolds. We clarify some important technical aspects of their construction and introduce new parameters, called generalized discrete torsion. We identify intrinsic new relations between orbifolds with and without (generalized) discrete torsion. Furthermore, we perform a systematic search for MSSM-like models in the context of Z 6 -II orbifolds. Using local GUTs, which naturally appear in the heterotic brane world, we construct about 200 MSSM candidates. We find that intermediate SUSY breaking through hidden sector gaugino condensation is preferred in this set of models. A specific model, the so-called benchmark model, is analyzed in detail addressing questions like the identification of a supersymmetric vacuum with a naturally small μ-term and proton decay. Furthermore, as vevs of twisted fields correspond to a resolution of orbifold singularities, we analyze the resolution of Z 3 singularities in the local and in the compact case. Finally, we exemplify this procedure with the resolution of a Z 3 MSSM candidate. (orig.)

Physics and cosmology - geometry for grand unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heller, M.

1985-01-01

Fibre bundle technique to geometrize gauge field theories and possibly to unify physics is presented on the introductory level. Some remarks are made concerning the mutual relationship between physics and cosmology. 21 refs., 10 figs. (author)

Grand unification in the heterotic brane world

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vaudrevange, Patrick Karl Simon

2008-08-15

String theory is known to be one of the most promising candidates for a uni ed description of all elementary particles and their interactions. Starting from the ten-dimensional heterotic string, we study its compactification on six-dimensional orbifolds. We clarify some important technical aspects of their construction and introduce new parameters, called generalized discrete torsion. We identify intrinsic new relations between orbifolds with and without (generalized) discrete torsion. Furthermore, we perform a systematic search for MSSM-like models in the context of Z{sub 6}-II orbifolds. Using local GUTs, which naturally appear in the heterotic brane world, we construct about 200 MSSM candidates. We find that intermediate SUSY breaking through hidden sector gaugino condensation is preferred in this set of models. A specific model, the so-called benchmark model, is analyzed in detail addressing questions like the identification of a supersymmetric vacuum with a naturally small {mu}-term and proton decay. Furthermore, as vevs of twisted fields correspond to a resolution of orbifold singularities, we analyze the resolution of Z{sub 3} singularities in the local and in the compact case. Finally, we exemplify this procedure with the resolution of a Z{sub 3} MSSM candidate. (orig.)

Aspects of grand unification in higher dimensions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wingerter, A.

2005-07-01

We consider various aspects of string phenomenology in the context of heterotic orbifold constructions, where special emphasis is laid on the connection between GUT models in extra dimensions and their relation to string theory. We investigate orbifold models with more general structure than the Z{sub 3} orbifold, on which most of the past research had focused. The picture of the heterotic brane world which naturally emerges allows us to make contact to field theoretic orbifold constructions in five and six dimensions, which have recently attracted much attention. We present a classification scheme for inequivalent orbifold models and apply the results to the case of Z{sub 6}-II point group. We develop the mathematical background for a stringy Higgs mechanism which allows us to lower the rank of the gauge group in the higher dimensions, which cannot be achieved by contemporary orbifold constructions. We provide all the calculational methods needed to unambiguously identify the gauge symmetry and to construct the matter representations. For specific model constructions, we focus on two promising gauge groups, namely on SO(10) and E{sub 6}. In the latter case, we derive a GUT model in six dimensions which has a standard model like gauge symmetry SU(3) x SU (2) x U(1) x U(1)' in four dimensions, and discuss its embedding into string theory. (orig.)

Building a Larger Tent for Public Health: Implications of the SOPHE-AAHE Unification

Science.gov (United States)

Goodman, Robert Mark

2013-01-01

The unification of the American Association for Health Education (AAHE) and the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) generates a long-desired synergy, a ramping up of our leadership influence in promoting health. It also serves as an ongoing opportunity to reflect on how we synergize the distinct philosophic, scientific, and practical…

Electroweak unification and tree unitarity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Horejsi, J.

1993-01-01

The monograph is an unconventional introduction into the theory of unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions, which is conceptually different from the exposition presented in standard textbooks. A detailed explanation is given of the way to the standard model of electroweak interactions which is based on a straightforward application of the requirement of renormalizability of the perturbation series expansion. The procedure to derive the model is interesting as it demonstrates the necessity of introducing vector bosons and Yang-Mills type interactions and at least one elementary scalar boson to obtain a renormalizable theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions. The book is divided into 5 chapters: introduction, problems encountered in a Fermi type theory, the intermediate vector boson, electrodynamics of vector bosons, tree unitarity, and electroweak interactions. Each chapter is completed with exercise problems to be solved by the reader. The text is supplemented with a number of appendices. The monograph is aimed at undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as at physicists interested in the theory of elementary particles. (Z.J.)

TeV. The dream energy scale

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murayama, Hitoshi

2006-01-01

In this talk, I'd like to explain why the TeV, 1,000,000,000,00 electron volt, is a particularly interesting energy scale in physics. I being recapitulating what particle physics is all about, citing two big questions: what the Universe is made of, and Einstein's dream of unification. TeV energy appears to be relevant to both questions, suggesting rich and complex physics at this energy. I outline how two facilities, LHC and ILC, will work together with reveal what is going on at this exciting energy scale. (author)

Korean Unification and the Future of the U.S.-ROK Alliance

Science.gov (United States)

2016-02-01

including the Korean People’s Army, which, by ROK estimates, numbers 1.2 million in the active force and some 7.7 million in the reserve , or...management. A broader alli- ance agenda would also place a premium on establishing an interagency or whole-of-government dialogue, fusing together...annualized gross domestic product (GDP). See Christine Kim, “Korean Unification May Cost South 7 Percent of GDP: Ministry,” Reuters, January 1, 2013

Reformulating XQuery queries using GLAV mapping and complex unification

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Saber Benharzallah

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This paper describes an algorithm for reformulation of XQuery queries. The mediation is based on an essential component called mediator. Its main role is to reformulate a user query, written in terms of global schema, into queries written in terms of source schemas. Our algorithm is based on the principle of logical equivalence, simple and complex unification, to obtain a better reformulation. It takes XQuery query, global schema (written in XMLSchema, and mappings GLAV as input parameters and provides resultant query written in terms of source schemas. The results of implementation show the proper functioning of the algorithm.

Standard coupling unification in SO(10), hybrid seesaw neutrino mass and leptogenesis, dark matter, and proton lifetime predictions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parida, M.K.; Nayak, Bidyut Prava; Satpathy, Rajesh [Centre of Excellence in Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences,Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University,Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar 751030 (India); Awasthi, Ram Lal [Indian Institute of Science Education and Research,Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli 140306 (India)

2017-04-12

We discuss gauge coupling unification of SU(3){sub C}×SU(2){sub L}×U(1){sub Y} descending directly from non-supersymmetric SO(10) while providing solutions to the three outstanding problems of the standard model: neutrino masses, dark matter, and the baryon asymmetry of the universe. Conservation of matter parity as gauged discrete symmetry for the stability and identification of dark matter in the model calls for high-scale spontaneous symmetry breaking through 126{sub H} Higgs representation. This naturally leads to the hybrid seesaw formula for neutrino masses mediated by heavy scalar triplet and right-handed neutrinos. Being quadratic in the Majorana coupling, the seesaw formula predicts two distinct patterns of right-handed neutrino masses, one hierarchical and another not so hierarchical (or compact), when fitted with the neutrino oscillation data. Predictions of the baryon asymmetry via leptogenesis are investigated through the decays of both the patterns of RHν masses. A complete flavor analysis has been carried out to compute CP-asymmetries including washouts and solutions to Boltzmann equations have been utilised to predict the baryon asymmetry. The additional contribution to vertex correction mediated by the heavy left-handed triplet scalar is noted to contribute as dominantly as other Feynman diagrams. We have found successful predictions of the baryon asymmetry for both the patterns of right-handed neutrino masses. The SU(2){sub L} triplet fermionic dark matter at the TeV scale carrying even matter parity is naturally embedded into the non-standard fermionic representation 45{sub F} of SO(10). In addition to the triplet scalar and the triplet fermion, the model needs a nonstandard color octet fermion of mass ∼5×10{sup 7} GeV to achieve precision gauge coupling unification at the GUT mass scale M{sub U}{sup 0}=10{sup 15.56} GeV. Threshold corrections due to superheavy components of 126{sub H} and other representations are estimated and found to be

Technicolor and Beyond: Unification in Theory Space

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sannino, Francesco

2010-01-01

The salient features of models of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking are reviewed. The ideal walking idea is introduced according to which one should carefully take into account the effects of the extended technicolor dynamics on the technicolor dynamics itself. The effects amount at the enh......The salient features of models of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking are reviewed. The ideal walking idea is introduced according to which one should carefully take into account the effects of the extended technicolor dynamics on the technicolor dynamics itself. The effects amount...... supersymmetry and technicolor. The reason is to provide a unification of different extensions of the standard model. For example, this means that one can recover, according to the parameters and spectrum of the theory distinct extensions of the standard model, from supersymmetry to technicolor and unparticle...

Summary talk

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harari, H.

1978-10-01

A general overview is given in this high energy physics conference summary. Quantum chromodynamics as a theory of strong interactions and studied by experimental tests, SU(2) x U(1) theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions and its experimental tests, weak interactions above 100 GeV, simple unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions, and the grand and the ultimate unifications with extended supergravity are discussed. 28 references

Nontrivial asymptotically nonfree gauge theories and dynamical unification of couplings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kubo, J.

1995-01-01

Evidence for the nontriviality of asymptotically nonfree (ANF) Yang-Mills theories is found on the basis of optimized perturbation theory. It is argued that these theories with matter couplings can be made nontrivial by means of the reduction of couplings, leading to the idea of the dynamical unification of couplings (DUC). The second-order reduction of couplings in the ANF SU(3)-gauged Higgs-Yukawa theory, which is assumed to be nontrivial here, is carried out to motivate independent investigations on its nontriviality and DUC

Aspects of extra dimensional supersymmetric unified theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fichet, S.

2011-09-01

The purpose of this work is to investigate Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) and to make the link with passed and upcoming experiments. The structure of this thesis is as follows. In the first chapter, we will briefly review the sequence of arguments leading to the Higgs mechanism, then to the different concepts underlying physics beyond the Standard Model, and to the paradigm of extra dimensional supersymmetric grand unified theories. At each level of the argumentation, we will mention the different solutions available. The second chapter introduces more formally supersymmetry and extra dimensions, focusing in particular on the aspects of symmetry breaking. Then, in the third chapter, we present in details the two frameworks of extra dimensional theories in which we worked, called supersymmetric gauge-Higgs unification (GHU) and holographic grand unification (HGU) as well as the developments and modifications we brought to them. The fourth chapter is devoted to the low energy viability of the GHU framework, as well as its phenomenological implications. The fifth chapter presents a more generic study of the property of GUT-scale degenerate Higgs mass matrix, common to both frameworks. Finally, the sixth chapter is devoted to the viability and phenomenological implications of the HGU framework, with special emphasis on lepton flavour violation. This quantitative study takes properly into account effects of matrix anarchy, as well as exact flavour observables. The results obtained should generalize, at least qualitatively, to any other model with similar localization and supersymmetry breaking features

Finite energy electroweak dyon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kimm, Kyoungtae [Seoul National University, Faculty of Liberal Education, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Yoon, J.H. [Konkuk University, Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Cho, Y.M. [Konkuk University, Administration Building 310-4, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Seoul National University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2015-02-01

The latest MoEDAL experiment at LHC to detect the electroweak monopole makes the theoretical prediction of the monopole mass an urgent issue. We discuss three different ways to estimate the mass of the electroweak monopole. We first present the dimensional and scaling arguments which indicate the monopole mass to be around 4 to 10 TeV. To justify this we construct finite energy analytic dyon solutions which could be viewed as the regularized Cho-Maison dyon, modifying the coupling strength at short distance. Our result demonstrates that a genuine electroweak monopole whose mass scale is much smaller than the grand unification scale can exist, which can actually be detected at the present LHC. (orig.)

Squark and slepton masses as probes of supersymmetric SO(10) unification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Balasubramanian Ananthanarayan; P. N. Pandita

2003-09-01

We carry out a detailed analysis of the non-universal supersymmetry breaking scalar masses arising in SO(10) supersymmetric unification. By considering patterns of squark and slepton masses, we show that a set of sum rules for the sfermion masses is independent of the manner in which SO(10) breaks. We discuss the reasons for this remarkable result. The phenomenology arising from such non-universality is shown to be practically unaffected by the symmetry breaking pattern.

Physics beyond the standard model in the non-perturbative unification scheme

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kapetanakis, D.; Zoupanos, G.

1990-01-01

The non-perturbative unification scenario predicts reasonably well the low energy gauge couplings of the standard model. Agreement with the measured low energy couplings is obtained by assuming certain kind of physics beyond the standard model. A number of possibilities for physics beyond the standard model is examined. The best candidates so far are the standard model with eight fermionic families and a similar number of Higgs doublets, and the supersymmetric standard model with five families. (author)

The Super-GUT CMSSM Revisited

CERN Document Server

Ellis, John

2016-01-01

We revisit minimal supersymmetric SU(5) grand unification (GUT) models in which the soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters of the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) are universal at some input scale, $M_{in}$, above the supersymmetric gauge coupling unification scale, $M_{GUT}$. As in the constrained MSSM (CMSSM), we assume that the scalar masses and gaugino masses have common values, $m_0$ and $m_{1/2}$ respectively, at $M_{in}$, as do the trilinear soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters $A_0$. Going beyond previous studies of such a super-GUT CMSSM scenario, we explore the constraints imposed by the lower limit on the proton lifetime and the LHC measurement of the Higgs mass, $m_h$. We find regions of $m_0$, $m_{1/2}$, $A_0$ and the parameters of the SU(5) superpotential that are compatible with these and other phenomenological constraints such as the density of cold dark matter, which we assume to be provided by the lightest neutralino. Typically, these allowed regions appear for $m_0$ and $m_{1/...

Grand unified supersymmetric Higgs bosons as pseudo-Goldstone particles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barbieri, R.; Dvali, G.; Strumia, A.

1993-01-01

We reconsider the possibility that the Higgs doublet responsible for the breaking of the electroweak gauge group be quasi-Goldstone bosons of a spontaneously broken approximate global symmetry of the theory. Supersymmetric SU(5) and SO(10) gauge models are discussed. The main phenomenological consequence of this viewpoint is the possible existence at the Fermi scale of a quasi-stable particle, most likely a Lorentz scalar, with the same colour and charge as a down quark. Its existence is a generic feature of models based on SO(10). The associated phenomoenological is illustrated. We also show how the phenomenology of the minimal SU(5) theory, already proposed, gets tightly constrained by the consideration of coupling constant unification without any assumption, otherwise crucial, on the superheavy threshold effects. (orig.)

Supersymmetric grand unified theories and cosmology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lazarides, G.; Shafi, Q.

1983-01-01

By examining the behavior of supersymmetric grand unified theories (GUT's) in the very early universe we find two classes of realistic models. In one of them supersymmetry is broken at or near superheavy GUT scale. The cosmological implications of such models are expected to be similar to those of nonsupersymmetric GUT's. In the second class of models, the superheavy GUT scale is related to the supersymmetry-breaking scale in the manner of Witten. Two types of cosmological scenarios appear possible in this case, either with or without an intermediate (new) inflationary phase. They can be experimentally distinguished, since the former predicts an absence and the latter an observable number density of superheavy monopoles. A mechanism for generating baryon asymmetry in such models is pointed out

Global fits of GUT-scale SUSY models with GAMBIT

Science.gov (United States)

Athron, Peter; Balázs, Csaba; Bringmann, Torsten; Buckley, Andy; Chrząszcz, Marcin; Conrad, Jan; Cornell, Jonathan M.; Dal, Lars A.; Edsjö, Joakim; Farmer, Ben; Jackson, Paul; Krislock, Abram; Kvellestad, Anders; Mahmoudi, Farvah; Martinez, Gregory D.; Putze, Antje; Raklev, Are; Rogan, Christopher; de Austri, Roberto Ruiz; Saavedra, Aldo; Savage, Christopher; Scott, Pat; Serra, Nicola; Weniger, Christoph; White, Martin

2017-12-01

We present the most comprehensive global fits to date of three supersymmetric models motivated by grand unification: the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (CMSSM), and its Non-Universal Higgs Mass generalisations NUHM1 and NUHM2. We include likelihoods from a number of direct and indirect dark matter searches, a large collection of electroweak precision and flavour observables, direct searches for supersymmetry at LEP and Runs I and II of the LHC, and constraints from Higgs observables. Our analysis improves on existing results not only in terms of the number of included observables, but also in the level of detail with which we treat them, our sampling techniques for scanning the parameter space, and our treatment of nuisance parameters. We show that stau co-annihilation is now ruled out in the CMSSM at more than 95% confidence. Stop co-annihilation turns out to be one of the most promising mechanisms for achieving an appropriate relic density of dark matter in all three models, whilst avoiding all other constraints. We find high-likelihood regions of parameter space featuring light stops and charginos, making them potentially detectable in the near future at the LHC. We also show that tonne-scale direct detection will play a largely complementary role, probing large parts of the remaining viable parameter space, including essentially all models with multi-TeV neutralinos.

Global fits of GUT-scale SUSY models with GAMBIT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Athron, Peter [Monash University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Melbourne, VIC (Australia); Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-scale (Australia); Balazs, Csaba [Monash University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Melbourne, VIC (Australia); Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-scale (Australia); Bringmann, Torsten; Dal, Lars A.; Krislock, Abram; Raklev, Are [University of Oslo, Department of Physics, Oslo (Norway); Buckley, Andy [University of Glasgow, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow (United Kingdom); Chrzaszcz, Marcin [Universitaet Zuerich, Physik-Institut, Zurich (Switzerland); H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow (Poland); Conrad, Jan; Edsjoe, Joakim; Farmer, Ben [AlbaNova University Centre, Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Stockholm (Sweden); Stockholm University, Department of Physics, Stockholm (Sweden); Cornell, Jonathan M. [McGill University, Department of Physics, Montreal, QC (Canada); Jackson, Paul; White, Martin [Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-scale (Australia); University of Adelaide, Department of Physics, Adelaide, SA (Australia); Kvellestad, Anders; Savage, Christopher [NORDITA, Stockholm (Sweden); Mahmoudi, Farvah [Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574, Saint-Genis-Laval (France); Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, Geneva (Switzerland); Martinez, Gregory D. [University of California, Physics and Astronomy Department, Los Angeles, CA (United States); Putze, Antje [LAPTh, Universite de Savoie, CNRS, Annecy-le-Vieux (France); Rogan, Christopher [Harvard University, Department of Physics, Cambridge, MA (United States); Ruiz de Austri, Roberto [IFIC-UV/CSIC, Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Valencia (Spain); Saavedra, Aldo [Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-scale (Australia); The University of Sydney, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Centre for Translational Data Science, School of Physics, Camperdown, NSW (Australia); Scott, Pat [Imperial College London, Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, London (United Kingdom); Serra, Nicola [Universitaet Zuerich, Physik-Institut, Zurich (Switzerland); Weniger, Christoph [University of Amsterdam, GRAPPA, Institute of Physics, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Collaboration: The GAMBIT Collaboration

2017-12-15

We present the most comprehensive global fits to date of three supersymmetric models motivated by grand unification: the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (CMSSM), and its Non-Universal Higgs Mass generalisations NUHM1 and NUHM2. We include likelihoods from a number of direct and indirect dark matter searches, a large collection of electroweak precision and flavour observables, direct searches for supersymmetry at LEP and Runs I and II of the LHC, and constraints from Higgs observables. Our analysis improves on existing results not only in terms of the number of included observables, but also in the level of detail with which we treat them, our sampling techniques for scanning the parameter space, and our treatment of nuisance parameters. We show that stau co-annihilation is now ruled out in the CMSSM at more than 95% confidence. Stop co-annihilation turns out to be one of the most promising mechanisms for achieving an appropriate relic density of dark matter in all three models, whilst avoiding all other constraints. We find high-likelihood regions of parameter space featuring light stops and charginos, making them potentially detectable in the near future at the LHC. We also show that tonne-scale direct detection will play a largely complementary role, probing large parts of the remaining viable parameter space, including essentially all models with multi-TeV neutralinos. (orig.)

Case for neutrino oscillations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ramond, P.

1982-01-01

The building of a machine capable of producing an intense, well-calibrated beam of muon neutrinos is regarded by particle physicists with keen interest because of its ability of studying neutrino oscillations. The possibility of neutrino oscillations has long been recognized, but it was not made necessary on theoretical or experimental grounds; one knew that oscillations could be avoided if neutrinos were massless, and this was easily done by the conservation of lepton number. The idea of grand unification has led physicists to question the existence (at higher energies) of global conservation laws. The prime examples are baryon-number conservation, which prevents proton decay, and lepton-number conservation, which keeps neutrinos massless, and therefore free of oscillations. The detection of proton decay and neutrino oscillations would therefore be an indirect indication of the idea of Grand Unification, and therefore of paramount importance. Neutrino oscillations occur when neutrinos acquire mass in such a way that the neutrino mass eigenstates do not match the (neutrino) eigenstates produced by the weak interactions. We shall study the ways in which neutrinos can get mass, first at the level of the standard SU 2 x U 1 model, then at the level of its Grand Unification Generalizations

A proposal for unification of fatigue crack growth law

Science.gov (United States)

Kobelev, V.

2017-05-01

In the present paper, the new fractional-differential dependences of cycles to failure for a given initial crack length upon the stress amplitude in the linear fracture approach are proposed. The anticipated unified propagation function describes the infinitesimal crack length growths per increasing number of load cycles, supposing that the load ratio remains constant over the load history. Two unification fractional-differential functions with different number of fitting parameters are proposed. An alternative, threshold formulations for the fractional-differential propagation functions are suggested. The mean stress dependence is the immediate consequence from the considered laws. The corresponding formulas for crack length over the number of cycles are derived in closed form.

Report of the SUGRA Working Group for Run II of the Tevatron

CERN Document Server

Barger, V.; Flattum, E.; Falk, T.; Abel, S.; Accomando, E.; Anderson, G.; Arnowitt, R.; Azzi, P.; Baer, H.; Bagger, J.; Beenakker, W.; Belyaev, A.; Berger, E.; Berger, M.; Brhlik, M.; Blazek, T.; Blessing, S.; Bokhari, W.; Bruner, N.; Carena, M.; Chakraborty, D.; Chang, D.; Chankowski, P.; Chen, C.H.; Cheng, H.C.; Chertok, M.; Cho, G.C.; Claes, D.; Demina, R.; Done, J.; Duflot, L.; Dutta, Bhaskar; Eboli, O.J.P.; Eno, S.; Feng, J.; Ganis, G.; Gold, M.; Gregores, E.M.; Hagiwara, K.; Han, T.; Harris, B.; Hikasa, K.; Holck, C.; Kao, C.; Kato, Y.; Klasen, M.; Keung, W.Y.; Kramer, M.; Lammel, S.; Li, T.J.; Lykken, J.D.; Magro, M.; Mani, S.; Matchev, K.T.; Mangano, M.; Mercadante, P.; Mrenna, S.; Nachtman, J.; Nath, P.; Nojiri, M.M.; Nomerotski, A.; Norman, D.; Oishi, R.; Ono, K.; Paige, F.; Paterno, M.; Parke, S.; Pierce, D.; Pilaftsis, A.; Plehn, T.; Pompos, A.; Polonksy, N.; Pokorski, S.; Quintana, P.; Roco, M.; Saltzberg, D.; Savoy-Navarro, A.; Seiya, Y.; Smith, C.; Spira, M.; Spiropulu, M.; Sullivan, Z.; Szalapski, R.; Tannenbaum, B.; Tait, T.; Wackeroth, D.; Wang, Y.; White, J.; Williams, H.H.; Worcester, M.; Worm, S.; Zhang, R.J.; Zielinski, M.

2000-01-01

We present an analysis of the discovery reach for supersymmetric particles at the upgraded Tevatron collider, assuming that SUSY breaking results in universal soft breaking parameters at the grand unification scale, and that the lightest supersymmetric particle is stable and neutral. We first present a review of the literature, including the issues of unification, renormalization group evolution of the supersymmetry breaking parameters and the effect of radiative corrections on the effective low energy couplings and masses of the theory. We consider the experimental bounds coming from direct searches and those arising indirectly from precision data, cosmology and the requirement of vacuum stability. The issues of flavor and CP-violation are also addressed. The main subject of this study is to update sparticle production cross sections, make improved estimates of backgrounds, delineate the discovery reach in the supergravity framework, and examine how this might vary when assumptions about universality of soft...

Elementary particle theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marciano, W.J.

1984-12-01

The present state of the art in elementary particle theory is reviewed. Topics include quantum electrodynamics, weak interactions, electroweak unification, quantum chromodynamics, and grand unified theories. 113 references

Oscillation Physics with a Neutrino Factory

CERN Document Server

Apollonio, M.; Broncano, A.; Bonesini, M.; Bouchez, J.; Bueno, A.; Burguet-Castell, J.; Casper, D.; Catanesi, G.; Cervera, A.; Cooper, S.; Donega, M.; Donini, A.; de Gouvea, A.; de Min, A.; Edgecock, R.; Ellis, J.; Fechner, M.; Fernandez, E.; Ferri, F.; Gavela, B.; Giannini, G.; Gibin, D.; Gilardoni, S.; Gomez-Cadenas, J.J.; Gruber, P.; Guglielmi, A.; Hernandez, P.; Huber, P.; Laveder, M.; Lindner, M.; Meloni, D.; Mena, O.; Menghetti, H.; Mezzetto, M.; Migliozzi, P.; Navas-Concha, S.; Palladino, V.; Papadopoulos, I.; Peach, K.; Radicioni, E.; Ragazzi, S.; Rigolin, S.; Romanino, A.; Rico, J.; Rubbia, A.; Santin, G.; Sartorelli, G.; Selvi, M.; Spiro, M.; Tabarelli, T.; Tonazzo, A.; Velasco, M.; Volkov, G.; Winter, W.; Zucchelli, P.

2004-01-01

A generation of neutrino experiments have established that neutrinos mix and probably have mass. The mixing phenomenon points to processes beyond those of the Standard Model, possibly at the Grand Unification energy scale. A extensive sequence of of experiments will be required to measure precisely all the parameters of the neutrino mixing matrix, culminating with the discovery and study of leptonic CP violation. As a first step, extensions of conventional pion/kaon decay beams, such as off-axis beams or low-energy super-beams, have been considered. These could yield first observations of $\

How European unification has shaped the debate on measuring international financial integration

OpenAIRE

Pieterse-Bloem, Mary; Eijffinger, Sylvester

2013-01-01

textabstractIn this paper we analyse a chronicle of economic theory on international financial integration post-WWII to the present date. Our focus is on theories that have somehow quantify the state and speed of international financial integration. We are able to contrast and compare three distinct strands that have brought forward conditions for its measurement. It is shown that European unification provides much of the empirical testing ground for these measures of international financial ...

Network Dependency in Migration Flows – A Space-time Analysis for Germany since Re-unification

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mitze, Timo

The contribution of this paper is to analyse the role of network interdependencies in a dynamic panel data model for German internal migration fl ows since re-unification. So far, a capacious account of spatial patterns in German migration data is still missing in the empirical literature. In the...

US DOE Grand Challenge in Computational Accelerator Physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ryne, R.; Habib, S.; Qiang, J.; Ko, K.; Li, Z.; McCandless, B.; Mi, W.; Ng, C.; Saparov, M.; Srinivas, V.; Sun, Y.; Zhan, X.; Decyk, V.; Golub, G.

1998-01-01

Particle accelerators are playing an increasingly important role in basic and applied science, and are enabling new accelerator-driven technologies. But the design of next-generation accelerators, such as linear colliders and high intensity linacs, will require a major advance in numerical modeling capability due to extremely stringent beam control and beam loss requirements, and the presence of highly complex three-dimensional accelerator components. To address this situation, the U.S. Department of Energy has approved a ''Grand Challenge'' in Computational Accelerator Physics, whose primary goal is to develop a parallel modeling capability that will enable high performance, large scale simulations for the design, optimization, and numerical validation of next-generation accelerators. In this paper we report on the status of the Grand Challenge

Nebula Scale Mixing Between Non-Carbonaceous and Carbonaceous Chondrite Reservoirs: Testing the Grand Tack Model with Almahata Sitta Stones

Science.gov (United States)

Yin, Q.-Z.; Sanborn, M. E.; Goodrich, C. A.; Zolensky, M.; Fioretti, A. M.; Shaddad, M.; Kohl, I. E.; Young, E. D.

2018-01-01

There is an increasing number of Cr-O-Ti isotope studies that show that solar system materials are divided into two main populations, one carbonaceous chondrite (CC)-like and the other is non-carbonaceous (NCC)-like, with minimal mixing between them attributed to a gap opened in the propoplanetary disk due to Jupiter's formation. The Grand Tack model suggests that there should be a particular time in the disk history when this gap is breached and ensuring a subsequent large-scale mixing between S- and C-type asteroids (inner solar system and outer solar system materials), an idea supported by our recent work on chondrule (Delta)17O-(epsilon)54Cr isotope systematics.

Heterotic brane world

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nilles, H.-P.

2004-01-01

Heterotic E 8 x E 8 string theory is a promising source of grand unified model building. It can accommodate the successful aspects of grand unification while avoiding problems like doublet-triplet splitting in the Higgs sector and fast proton decay. We exploit the geometrical properties of the theory as a guideline for realistic model building. (author)

Gauge-Higgs unification with brane kinetic terms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aranda, Alfredo; Diaz-Cruz, J. Lorenzo

2006-01-01

By identifying the Higgs field as an internal component of a higher-dimensional gauge field it is possible to solve the little hierarchy problem. The construction of a realistic model that incorporates such a gauge-Higgs unification is an important problem that demands attention. In fact, several attempts in this direction have already been put forward. In this Letter we single out one such attempt, a 6D SU(3) extended electroweak theory, where it is possible to obtain a Higgs mass prediction in accord with global fits. One shortcoming of the model is its prediction for the Weinberg angle, it is too large. We slightly modify the model by including brane kinetic terms in a way motivated by the orbifold action on the 6D fields. We show that in this way it is possible to obtain the correct Weinberg angle while keeping the desired results in the Higgs sector

Towards worldwide height unification using ocean information

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. L. Woodworth

2015-03-01

Full Text Available This paper describes how we are contributing to worldwide height system unification (WHSU by using ocean models together with sea level (tide gauge and altimeter information, geodetic (GPS and levelling data, and new geoid models based on information from the GRACE and GOCE gravity missions, to understand how mean sea level (MSL varies from place to place along the coast. For the last two centuries, MSL has been used to define datums for national levelling systems. However, there are many problems with this. One consequence of WHSU will be the substitution of conventional datums as a reference for heights with the use of geoid, as the only true "level" or datum. This work is within a number of GOCE-related activities funded by the European Space Agency. The study is focused on the coastlines of North America and Europe where the various datasets are most copious.

ACADEMIC TRAINING LECTURE

CERN Multimedia

Academic Training; Tel. 73127

2001-01-01

2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 April REGULAR LECTURE PROGRAMME From 11:00 hrs - Main Auditorium bldg. 500 New Developments in Supersymmetry S. Raby / CERN-TH Introduction to supersymmetric grand unified theories. An introduction to the MSSM and different mechanisms for supersymmetry breaking. Then the details of SU(5) and SO(10) unification, the new gauge sector beyond the standard model, representations of quarks and leptons. Gauge and Yukawa coupling unification and some predictions.

Searching for hot new physics using ultracold neutrons: fundamental symmetries above the TeV scale.

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2015-01-01

    As it stands now, the Standard Model surely requires an extension to explain dark matter, baryon number asymmetry and unification with gravity. While assured near the Planck scale, the lower energy limit of these extensions have not yet been discovered ...

GUT Scale Fermion Mass Ratios

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spinrath, Martin

2014-01-01

We present a series of recent works related to group theoretical factors from GUT symmetry breaking which lead to predictions for the ratios of quark and lepton Yukawa couplings at the unification scale. New predictions for the GUT scale ratios y μ /y s , y τ /y b and y t /y b in particular are shown and compared to experimental data. For this comparison it is important to include possibly large supersymmetric threshold corrections. Due to this reason the structure of the fermion masses at the GUT scale depends on TeV scale physics and makes GUT scale physics testable at the LHC. We also discuss how this new predictions might lead to predictions for mixing angles by discussing the example of the recently measured last missing leptonic mixing angle θ 13 making this new class of GUT models also testable in neutrino experiments

Towards unification of the Vorticity Confinement and Shock Capturing (TVD and ENO/WENO) methods

Science.gov (United States)

Sidilkover, David

2018-04-01

New multidimensional extensions of the TVD and finite difference ENO/WENO methods for the compressible flow equations are proposed. The novelty of the approach is in the discretization schemes that acquire by means of a single mechanism both shock-capturing and vorticity confinement capabilities. Thus, the new method can be interpreted as a unification of the two methodologies, intended initially for different purposes.

Europe '92: Consequences of the European Unification for Cultural Federalism in the Federal Republic of Germany.

Science.gov (United States)

Berggreen, Ingeborg

1990-01-01

Discusses consequences of European unification in the Federal Republic of Germany. Focuses on the relationships between the European Community, the federal government of Germany, and the German states. Suggests that the German states are aware of their responsibility to give education and culture a European dimension. (NL)

On two-particle N=1 supersymmetric composite grand unified models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pirogov, Yu.F.

1984-01-01

A class of two-particle N=1 supersymmetric composite grand unified models, satisfying the anomaly matching and cancellation conditions, n-independence and survival hypothesis is considered. A unique admissible set of the light states, containing spectator states on a par with the composite ones is found. At low mass scales this set contains exactly four families of ordinary fermions without any additional exotics. The interactions of the light states at distances greater than the compositeness radius are described by the N=1 sypersymmetric chiral grand unified model [SU(6)] 2 (or [SU(8)] 2 with a fixed set of four second-rank tensors as matter fields

Wintertime Boundary Layer Structure in the Grand Canyon.

Science.gov (United States)

Whiteman, C. David; Zhong, Shiyuan; Bian, Xindi

1999-08-01

Wintertime temperature profiles in the Grand Canyon exhibit a neutral to isothermal stratification during both daytime and nighttime, with only rare instances of actual temperature inversions. The canyon warms during daytime and cools during nighttime more or less uniformly through the canyon's entire depth. This weak stability and temperature structure evolution differ from other Rocky Mountain valleys, which develop strong nocturnal inversions and exhibit convective and stable boundary layers that grow upward from the valley floor. Mechanisms that may be responsible for the different behavior of the Grand Canyon are discussed, including the possibility that the canyon atmosphere is frequently mixed to near-neutral stratification when cold air drains into the top of the canyon from the nearby snow-covered Kaibab Plateau. Another feature of canyon temperature profiles is the sharp inversions that often form near the canyon rims. These are generally produced when warm air is advected over the canyon in advance of passing synoptic-scale ridges.Wintertime winds in the main canyon are not classical diurnal along-valley wind systems. Rather, they are driven along the canyon axis by the horizontal synoptic-scale pressure gradient that is superimposed along the canyon's axis by passing synoptic-scale weather disturbances. They may thus bring winds into the canyon from either end at any time of day.The implications of the observed canyon boundary layer structure for air pollution dispersion are discussed.

The impact of a simulated grand tour on sleep, mood, and well-being of competitive cyclists.

Science.gov (United States)

Lastella, M; Roach, G D; Halson, S L; Martin, D T; West, N P; Sargent, C

2015-12-01

Professional cycling is considered one of the most demanding of all endurance sports. The three major professional cycling stages races (i.e. Tour de France, Giro d'Italia and Vuelta a España) require cyclists to compete daily covering between ~150-200 km for three consecutive weeks. Anecdotal evidence indicates that such an event has a significant effect on the sleep, mood, and general well-being of cyclists, particularly during the latter stages of the event. The primary aim of this study was to simulate a grand tour and determine the impact a grand tour has on the sleep, mood, and general well-being of competitive cyclists. Twenty-one male cyclists (M±SD, age 22.2±2.7 years) were examined for 39 days across three phases (i.e. baseline, simulated grand tour, and recovery). Sleep was assessed using sleep diaries and wrist activity monitors. Mood and general well-being were assessed using the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) and Visual Analogue Scales (VAS). The amount and quality of sleep as assessed by the wrist activity monitors declined during the simulated grand tour. In contrast, self-reported sleep quality improved throughout the study. Cyclists' mood and general well-being as indicated by vigour, motivation, physical and mental state declined during the simulated tour. Future investigations should examine sleep, mood and well-being during an actual grand tour. Such data could prove instrumental toward understanding the sleep and psychological changes that occur during a grand tour.

Probing grand unification with fermion masses, neutrino oscillations ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

owing to the contributions from both the standard and the neutrino mass-relatedd =5 op- ..... framework emerges, which successfully accounts for a host of observed phenomena per- ...... conclusion reached by other authors (see especially ref.

Present status of SU(5)-based grand unifications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahmad, S.M.W.

1990-10-01

This paper is a brief communique on the Georgi-Glashow SU(5) paper: Unity of all Elementary Forces, published in 1974; and the other more important papers based on SU(5) or linked with the Georgi-Glashow paper which was welcomed by many a theoretical physicist as a great step. At the end of the paper, a concise review of the experiments (in operation) and the proposed ones is given. (author). 22 refs

Problems, puzzles and prospects: a personal perspective on present particle physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Politzer, H.D.

1982-01-01

As closing remarks to the meeting the author gives his personal perspective on a number of issues in Grand Unification. These include: gravity, particle structure, QCD and possible experimental tests of theory

Neutrino mixing in a grand unified theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Milton, K.; Tanaka, K.

1980-01-01

Neutrino mixing in a grand unified theory in which the neutrino mass matrix is determined by the Gell-Mann-Ramond-Slansky mechanism was investigated. With an arbitrary real right-handed Majorana mass matrix which incorporates three neutrino mass scales, the effects of the up-quark mass matrix are found to be dominant and as a result no significant mixing of ν/sub e/ occurs, while ν/sub μ/ - ν/sub γ/ mixing can be substantial

Fundamental Constants in Physics and their Time Dependence

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2008-01-01

In the Standard Model of Particle Physics we are dealing with 28 fundamental constants. In the experiments these constants can be measured, but theoretically they are not understood. I will discuss these constants, which are mostly mass parameters. Astrophysical measurements indicate that the finestructure constant is not a real constant, but depends on time. Grand unification then implies also a time variation of the QCD scale. Thus the masses of the atomic nuclei and the magnetic moments of the nuclei will depend on time. I proposed an experiment, which is currently done by Prof. Haensch in Munich and his group. The first results indicate a time dependence of the QCD scale. I will discuss the theoretical implications.

Radiative breaking of cosmologically acceptable grand unified theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gato, B.; Leon, J.; Quiros, M.

1984-01-01

We present a cosmologically acceptable grand unified model where the breaking of SU(5) proceeds through radiative corrections induced by supergravity soft-breaking terms. The breaking scale is determined by dimensional transmutation. The model is compatible with the radiative breaking of SU(2)sub(L)xU(1)sub(Y) which provides an experimentally accessible low energy particle spectrum and small top quark mass. (orig.)

New fat Higgs: Increasing the MSSM Higgs mass with natural gauge unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chang, Spencer; Kilic, Can; Mahbubani, Rakhi

2005-01-01

In this paper we increase the minimal supersymmetric standard model tree level Higgs mass bound to a value that is naturally larger than the LEP-II search constraint by adding to the superpotential a λSH u H d term, as in the next to minimal supersymmetric standard model, and UV completing with new strong dynamics before λ becomes nonperturbative. Unlike other models of this type, the Higgs fields remain elementary, alleviating the supersymmetric fine-tuning problem while maintaining unification in a natural way

Faut-il avoir peur de l’Allemagne? Représentations belges de la réunification allemande à travers 'Le Soir' et 'De Standaard'

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Geneviève Duchenne

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Cet article revisite deux grands titres de la presse quotidienne belge, à savoir De Standaard et Le Soir, pour découvrir les perceptions qui entourèrent les événements qui se sont succédés entre l’été 1989 et l’automne 1990. Comment les différentes composantes de la société belge ont-elles réagi aux perspectives ouvertes par la chute du mur de Berlin ? Existait-il un décalage entre des élites convaincues depuis longtemps de la nécessité vitale de faire l’Europe et une population mue par un sentiment européen fort peu passionné ? Existait-il des différences de perception entre le Nord et le Sud du pays ? La réunification allemande fut-elle l’enjeu d’un débat passionné ? Le cas échéant, comment ce débat fut-il instrumentalisé ? C’est à ces quelques questions que l’article entend répondre tout en oubliant pas qu’il faudra approfondir la recherche et l’élargir notamment à d’autres sources.

Baryon number and lepton universality violation in leptoquark and diquark models

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nima Assad

2018-02-01

Full Text Available We perform a systematic study of models involving leptoquarks and diquarks with masses well below the grand unification scale and demonstrate that a large class of them is excluded due to rapid proton decay. After singling out the few phenomenologically viable color triplet and sextet scenarios, we show that there exist only two leptoquark models which do not suffer from tree-level proton decay and which have the potential for explaining the recently discovered anomalies in B meson decays. Both of those models, however, contain dimension five operators contributing to proton decay and require a new symmetry forbidding them to emerge at a higher scale. This has a particularly nice realization for the model with the vector leptoquark (3,12/3, which points to a specific extension of the Standard Model, namely the Pati–Salam unification model, where this leptoquark naturally arises as the new gauge boson. We explore this possibility in light of recent B physics measurements. Finally, we analyze also a vector diquark model, discussing its LHC phenomenology and showing that it has nontrivial predictions for neutron–antineutron oscillation experiments.

Left-right gauge symmetry breaking by radiative corrections in supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moxhay, P.; Yamamoto, K.

1984-01-01

A supersymmetric SU(2)sub(L) x SU(2)sub(R) x U(1)sub(B-L) gauge theory coupled to N = 1 supergravity is investigated. The scale of left-right gauge symmetry breaking is determined as Msub(R) proportional Msub(P) esup(-1/α) by radiative corrections through the logarithmic evolution of soft supersymmetry breakings. SU(2)sub(L) x SU(2)sub(R) x U(1)sub(B-L) may be embedded in SO(10) grand unification. Cosmological implications intrinsic to the present model are also discussed, which may give a constraint Msub(R) approx.= 10 9-12 GeV. (orig.)

The organization of the Universe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilkinson, D.

1981-01-01

In this introductory lecture of a series on the nature of matter the author establishes the range and scale of the particles and forces involved and considers the Universe in which they are found. Gravity, electromagnetism, the strong and the weak forces and their possible unification in Grand Unified Theories are discussed. The origin of the Universe, the Big Bang model and the present observable Universe, its dimensions and the forces that shape it are considered. Present thinking is examined concerning the structure of the atom, sub-nuclear forces and the possible constituents of protons and the forces holding them together. (U.K.)

Fundamental Elements and Interactions of Nature: A Classical Unification Theory

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tianxi Zhang

2010-04-01

Full Text Available A classical unification theory that completely unifies all the fundamental interactions of nature is developed. First, the nature is suggested to be composed of the following four fundamental elements: mass, radiation, electric charge, and color charge. All known types of matter or particles are a combination of one or more of the four fundamental elements. Photons are radiation; neutrons have only mass; protons have both mass and electric charge; and quarks contain mass, electric charge, and color charge. The nature fundamental interactions are interactions among these nature fundamental elements. Mass and radiation are two forms of real energy. Electric and color charges are considered as two forms of imaginary energy. All the fundamental interactions of nature are therefore unified as a single interaction between complex energies. The interaction between real energies is the gravitational force, which has three types: mass-mass, mass-radiation, and radiation-radiation interactions. Calculating the work done by the mass-radiation interaction on a photon derives the Einsteinian gravitational redshift. Calculating the work done on a photon by the radiation-radiation interaction derives a radiation redshift, which is much smaller than the gravitational redshift. The interaction between imaginary energies is the electromagnetic (between electric charges, weak (between electric and color charges, and strong (between color charges interactions. In addition, we have four imaginary forces between real and imaginary energies, which are mass-electric charge, radiation-electric charge, mass-color charge, and radiation-color charge interactions. Among the four fundamental elements, there are ten (six real and four imaginary fundamental interactions. This classical unification theory deepens our understanding of the nature fundamental elements and interactions, develops a new concept of imaginary energy for electric and color charges, and provides a

Fundamental Elements and Interactions of Nature: A Classical Unification Theory

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhang T. X.

2010-04-01

Full Text Available A classical unification theory that completely unifies all the fundamental interactions of nature is developed. First, the nature is suggested to be composed of the following four fundamental elements: mass, radiation, electric charge, and color charge. All known types of matter or particles are a combination of one or more of the four fundamental elements. Photons are radiation; neutrons have only mass; protons have both mass and electric charge; and quarks contain mass, electric charge, and color charge. The nature fundamental interactions are interactions among these nature fundamental elements. Mass and radiation are two forms of real energy. Electric and color charges are con- sidered as two forms of imaginary energy. All the fundamental interactions of nature are therefore unified as a single interaction between complex energies. The interac- tion between real energies is the gravitational force, which has three types: mass-mass, mass-radiation, and radiation-radiation interactions. Calculating the work done by the mass-radiation interaction on a photon derives the Einsteinian gravitational redshift. Calculating the work done on a photon by the radiation-radiation interaction derives a radiation redshift, which is much smaller than the gravitational redshift. The interaction between imaginary energies is the electromagnetic (between electric charges, weak (between electric and color charges, and strong (between color charges interactions. In addition, we have four imaginary forces between real and imaginary energies, which are mass-electric charge, radiation-electric charge, mass-color charge, and radiation- color charge interactions. Among the four fundamental elements, there are ten (six real and four imaginary fundamental interactions. This classical unification theory deep- ens our understanding of the nature fundamental elements and interactions, develops a new concept of imaginary energy for electric and color charges, and provides a

Grandes remolques

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Editorial, Equipo

1961-07-01

Full Text Available El empleo creciente del material pesado auxiliar en la construcción de obras de ingeniería civil ha motivado la fabricación de grandes plataformas, capaces de transportar toda clase de maquinaria auxiliar. En general, este tipo de maquinaria requiere medios de transporte, pues su circulación por carreteras es lenta, obstructiva y cara, siempre que se trate de grandes distancias, caso presente en la mayoría de ocasiones en que se exige un traslado de esta maquinaria de una a otra obra.

Search for Z′, vacuum (instability and hints of high-energy structures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Accomando Elena

2016-01-01

Full Text Available We study the high-energy behaviour of a class of anomaly-free abelian extensions of the Standard Model. We focus on the interplay among the phenomenological characterisation of the model and the use of precise renormalisation group methods. Using as boundary conditions regions of the parameter space at the verge of current LHC probe, interesting unification patterns emerge linked to thresholds belonging to a SO(10 grand unification theory (GUT. We stress how the evolution of the mixing between the two abelian factors may provide a valuable tool to address the candidate high-energy embedding. The emerging unification scenarios are then challenged to be perturbative and to allow for a stable vacuum.

Deciphering solar magnetic activity: on grand minima in solar activity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McIntosh, Scott W. [High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States); Leamon, Robert J., E-mail: mscott@ucar.edu [Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT (United States)

2015-07-08

The Sun provides the energy necessary to sustain our existence. While the Sun provides for us, it is also capable of taking away. The weather and climatic scales of solar evolution and the Sun-Earth connection are not well- understood. There has been tremendous progress in the century since the discovery of solar magnetism—magnetism that ultimately drives the electromagnetic, particulate, and eruptive forcing of our planetary system. There is contemporary evidence of a decrease in solar magnetism, perhaps even indicators of a significant downward trend, over recent decades. Are we entering a minimum in solar activity that is deeper and longer than a typical solar minimum, a “grand minimum”? How could we tell if we are? What is a grand minimum and how does the Sun recover? These are very pertinent questions for modern civilization. In this paper we present a hypothetical demonstration of entry and exit from grand minimum conditions based on a recent analysis of solar features over the past 20 years and their possible connection to the origins of the 11(&ish) year solar activity cycle.

Deciphering Solar Magnetic Activity: On Grand Minima in Solar Activity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Scott William Mcintosh

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The Sun provides the energy necessary to sustain our existence. While the Sun provides for us, it is also capable of taking away. The weather and climatic scales of solar evolution and the Sun-Earth connection are not well understood. There has been tremendous progress in the century since the discovery of solar magnetism - magnetism that ultimately drives the electromagnetic, particulate and eruptive forcing of our planetary system. There is contemporary evidence of a decrease in solar magnetism, perhaps even indicators of a significant downward trend, over recent decades. Are we entering a minimum in solar activity that is deeper and longer than a typical solar minimum, a grand minimum? How could we tell if we are? What is a grand minimum and how does the Sun recover? These are very pertinent questions for modern civilization. In this paper we present a hypothetical demonstration of entry and exit from grand minimum conditions based on a recent analysis of solar features over the past 20 years and their possible connection to the origins of the 11(-ish year solar activity cycle.

Deciphering Solar Magnetic Activity: On Grand Minima in Solar Activity

Science.gov (United States)

Mcintosh, Scott; Leamon, Robert

2015-07-01

The Sun provides the energy necessary to sustain our existence. While the Sun provides for us, it is also capable of taking away. The weather and climatic scales of solar evolution and the Sun-Earth connection are not well understood. There has been tremendous progress in the century since the discovery of solar magnetism - magnetism that ultimately drives the electromagnetic, particulate and eruptive forcing of our planetary system. There is contemporary evidence of a decrease in solar magnetism, perhaps even indicators of a significant downward trend, over recent decades. Are we entering a minimum in solar activity that is deeper and longer than a typical solar minimum, a "grand minimum"? How could we tell if we are? What is a grand minimum and how does the Sun recover? These are very pertinent questions for modern civilization. In this paper we present a hypothetical demonstration of entry and exit from grand minimum conditions based on a recent analysis of solar features over the past 20 years and their possible connection to the origins of the 11(-ish) year solar activity cycle.

Supersymmetry and the unification of fundamental interactions.

Science.gov (United States)

Fayet, P.

Les physiciens élaborent progressivement une description unifée des lois de l'Univers, qui fait intervenir des principes de symétrie de plus en plus étendus. La supersymétrie, qui englobe la mécanique quantique et la relativité générale en opérant dans une extension de l'espace-temps ordinaire, appelée le superespace, est-elle l'un de ces principes fondamentaux? Dans cet article, l'auteur explique ce qu'est cette nouvelle symétrie, et comment, pour appliquer celle-ci au monde physique, il a été amené à envisager l'existence de toute une famille de nouvelles particules - comme les photinos, gluinos, squarks et sélectrons - que l'on recherche activement aujourd'hui. On espère parvenir à les détecter grâce aux nouvelles générations d'accélerateurs, et découvrir ainsi un nouveau principe auquel doivent satisfaire toutes les lois physiques, aussi fondamental que la relativité.

Survey of hydrologic models and hydrologic data needs for tracking flow in the Rio Grande, north-central New Mexico, 2010

Science.gov (United States)

Tillery, Anne; Eggleston, Jack R.

2012-01-01

obtain because the data come from multiple sources. Each surface-water model produces results that could be helpful in quantifying the flow of the Rio Grande, specifically by helping to track water as it moves down the channel of the Rio Grande and by improving the understanding of river hydraulics for the specified reaches. The ability of each surface-water model to track flow on the Rio Grande varies according to the purpose for which each model was designed. The purpose of Upper Rio Grande Water Operations Model (URGWOM) - to simulate water storage and delivery operations in the Rio Grande - is more applicable to tracking flow on the Rio Grande than are any of the other surface-water models surveyed. Specifically, the strengths of URGWOM in relation to modeling flow are the details and attention given to the accounting of Rio Grande flow and San Juan-Chama flow at a daily time step. The most significant difficulty in using any of the surveyed surface-water models for the purpose of predicting the need for requested water releases is that none of the surface-water models surveyed consider water accounting on a real-time basis. Groundwater models that provide detailed simulations of shallow groundwater flow in the vicinity of the Rio Grande can provide large-scale estimates of flow between the Rio Grande and shallow aquifers, which can be an important component of the Rio Grande water budget as a whole. The groundwater models surveyed for this report cannot, however, be expected to provide simulations of flow at time scales of less than the simulated time step (1 month to 1 year in most cases). Of those of the currently used groundwater models, the purpose of model 13 - to simulate the shallow riparian groundwater environment - is the most appropriate for examining local-scale surface-water/groundwater interactions. The basin-scale models, however, are also important in understanding the large-scale water balances between the aquifers and the surface water. In the case

Bankruptcy and Voluntary Liquidation: Evidence for New Firms in East and West Germany after Unification

OpenAIRE

Prantl, Susanne

2003-01-01

Exploiting the unique economic situation after German unification, I investigate how exit decisions deviate between new firms in a transition and a comparatively stable market environment. Two competing exit mechanisms are considered: entrepreneurial self-selection via voluntary liquidation and external selection based on insolvency regulation. Distinguishing between the competing exit modes proves to be crucial in semi-parametric propor- tional hazard-rate estimations. Comparing East and Wes...

Beyond the Standard Model (2/5)

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2000-01-01

After a critical discussion of the questions left unanswered by the Standard Model, I will review the main attemps to construct new theories. In particular, I will discuss grand unification, supersymmetry, technicolour, and theories with extra dimensions.

Beyond the Standard Model (5/5)

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2000-01-01

After a critical discussion of the questions left unanswered by the Standard Model, I will review the main attemps to construct new theories. In particular, I will discuss grand unification, supersymmetry, technicolour, and theories with extra dimensions.

Beyond the Standard Model (3/5)

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2000-01-01

After a critical discussion of the questions left unanswered by the Standard Model, I will review the main attemps to construct new theories. In particular, I will discuss grand unification, supersymmetry, technicolour, and theories with extra dimensions.

Beyond the Standard Model (4/5)

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2000-01-01

After a critical discussion of the questions left unanswered by the Standard Model, I will review the main attemps to construct new theories. In particular, I will discuss grand unification, supersymmetry, technicolour, and theories with extra dimensions.

Beyond the Standard Model (1/5)

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2000-01-01

After a critical discussion of the questions left unanswered by the Standard Model, I will review the main attemps to construct new theories. In particular, I will discuss grand unification, supersymmetry, technicolour, and theories with extra dimensions.

Superstrings and the search for the theory of everything

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peat, D.

1988-01-01

This book contains the following chapters: A Crisis in Physics; From Points to Strings; Nambu's String Theory; Grand Unification; Superstrings; Heterotic Strings: Two Dimensions in One; From Spinors to Twistors; Twistor Space; Twistor Gravity; and Into Deep Waters

Non-accelerator particle physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steinberg, R.I.; Lane, C.E.

1991-08-01

The goals of this research were the experimental testing of fundamental theories of physics such as grand unification and the exploration of cosmic phenomena through the techniques of particle physics. We have worked on the MACRO experiment, which is employing a large area underground detector to search for grand unification magnetic monopoles and dark matter candidates and to study cosmic ray muons as well as low and high energy neutrinos; the νIMB project, which seeks to refurbish and upgrade the IMB water Cerenkov detector to perform an improved proton decay search together with a long baseline reactor neutrino oscillation experiments using a one kiloton liquid scintillator (the Perry experiment); and development of technology for improved liquid scintillators and for very low background materials in support of the MACRO and Perry experiments and for new solar neutrino experiments

Non-accelerator particle physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steinberg, R.I.; Lane, C.E.

1991-09-01

The goals of this research are the experimental testing of fundamental theories of physics such as grand unification and the exploration of cosmic phenomena through the techniques of particle physics. We are working on the MACRO experiment, which employs a large area underground detector to search for grand unification magnetic monopoles and dark matter candidates and to study cosmic ray muons as well as low and high energy neutrinos: the νIMB project, which seeks to refurbish and upgrade the IMB water Cerenkov detector to perform an improved proton decay search together with a long baseline reactor neutrino oscillation experiment using a kiloton liquid scintillator (the Perry experiment); and development of technology for improved liquid scintillators and for very low background materials in support of the MACRO and Perry experiments and for new solar neutrino experiments. 21 refs., 19 figs., 6 tabs

Signatures of flipped SU(5)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abel, S.A. (Bristol Univ. (UK). H.H. Wills Physics Lab.); Whittingham, I. (James Cook Univ. of North Queensland, Townsville (Australia). Dept. of Physics)

1990-02-22

We examine the electric dipole moment of the neutron and flavour changing Z decays in the flipped SU(5) grand unification scheme. We find that the new couplings at energy scales above M{sub GUT} can lead to neutron electric dipole moments vertical strokedvertical stroke{approx equal} 10{sup -25} e cm and decays of the form Z{yields}banti s, santi b with a branching ratio Bsub(Z{yields}banti s,santi b) {approx equal} 10{sup -6}, of which a large proportion ({epsilon}{le}1/4) may be CP violating. The first two effects are found to be slightly suppressed in the currently popular no-scale theories, but the CP violation parameter, {epsilon}, is relatively theory independent. (orig.).

On a radiative origin of the Standard Model from trinification

Science.gov (United States)

Camargo-Molina, José Eliel; Morais, António P.; Pasechnik, Roman; Wessén, Jonas

2016-09-01

In this work, we present a trinification-based grand unified theory incorporating a global SU(3) family symmetry that after a spontaneous breaking leads to a left-right symmetric model. Already at the classical level, this model can accommodate the matter content and the quark Cabbibo mixing in the Standard Model (SM) with only one Yukawa coupling at the unification scale. Considering the minimal low-energy scenario with the least amount of light states, we show that the resulting effective theory enables dynamical breaking of its gauge group down to that of the SM by means of radiative corrections accounted for by the renormalisation group evolution at one loop. This result paves the way for a consistent explanation of the SM breaking scale and fermion mass hierarchies.

Theory of elementary particles. Proceedings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luest, D.; Weigt, G.

1994-03-01

These proceedings contain most of the invited talks ans short communications presented at the named symposium. These concern developments in field theory in connection with string models, grand unification, and quantum gravity. See hints under the relevant topics. (HSI)

Radio Loud AGN Unification: Connecting Jets and Accretion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meyer Eileen T.

2013-12-01

Full Text Available While only a fraction of Active Galactic Nuclei are observed to host a powerful relativistic jet, a cohesive picture is emerging that radio-loud AGN may represent an important phase in the evolution of galaxies and the growth of the central super-massive black hole. I will review my own recent observational work in radio-loud AGN unification in the context of understanding how and why jets form and their the connection to different kinds of accretion and growing the black hole, along with a brief discussion of possible connections to recent modeling work in jet formation. Starting from the significant observational advances in our understanding of jetted AGN as a population over the last decade thanks to new, more sensitive instruments such as Fermi and Swift as well as all-sky surveys at all frequencies, I will lay out the case for a dichotomy in the jetted AGN population connected to accretion mode onto the black hole. In recent work, we have identified two sub-populations of radio-loud AGN which appear to be distinguished by jet structure, where low-efficiency accreting systems produce ‘weak’ jets which decelerate more rapidly than the ’strong’ jets of black holes accreting near the Eddington limit. The two classes are comprised of: (1The weak jet sources, corresponding to the less collimated, edge-darkened FR Is, with a decelerating or spine-sheath jet with velocity gradients, and (2 The strong jet sources, having fast, collimated jets, and typically displaying strong emission lines. The dichotomy in the vp-Lp plane can be understood as a "broken power sequence" in which jets exist on one branch or the other based on the particular accretion mode (Georganopolous 2011.We suggest that the intrinsic kinetic power (as measured by low-frequency, isotropic radio emission, the orientation, and the accretion rate of the SMBH system are the the fundamental axes needed for unification of radio-loud AGN by studying a well-characterized sample

Physics possibilities at a linear collider

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Up to now the standard model (SM) has passed all accelerator-based experimental tests. .... Higgs sector and of the MSSM as well as for testing grand unification. ..... SPS1a scenario [33] for a coherent combination of LHC and linear collider.

Proceedings of the 8 Warsaw symposium on elementary particle physics, Kazimierz, Poland, May 26 - June 1, 1985

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ajduk, Z.

1985-01-01

These proceedings contain 47 lectures held at the symposium. They deal with pbar-p collider results, phenomenology of electroweak effects, high energy lepton interactions, high energy hadron interactions, quantum chromodynamics, bag model, grand unification, supersymmetry and superstring theory. (M.F.W.)

A test of unification towards the radio source PKS1413+135

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferreira, M.C.; Julião, M.D.; Martins, C.J.A.P.; Monteiro, A.M.R.V.L.

2013-01-01

We point out that existing astrophysical measurements of combinations of the fine-structure constant α, the proton-to-electron mass ratio μ and the proton gyromagnetic ratio g p towards the radio source PKS1413+135 can be used to individually constrain each of these fundamental couplings. While the accuracy of the available measurements is not yet sufficient to test the spatial dipole scenario, our analysis serves as a proof of concept as new observational facilities will soon allow significantly more robust tests. Moreover, these measurements can also be used to obtain constraints on certain classes of unification scenarios, and we compare the constraints obtained for PKS1413+135 with those previously obtained from local atomic clock measurements

A test of unification towards the radio source PKS1413+135

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferreira, M.C., E-mail: up200802537@fc.up.pt [Centro de Astrofísica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto (Portugal); Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4150-007 Porto (Portugal); Julião, M.D., E-mail: meinf12013@fe.up.pt [Centro de Astrofísica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto (Portugal); Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto (Portugal); Martins, C.J.A.P., E-mail: Carlos.Martins@astro.up.pt [Centro de Astrofísica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto (Portugal); Monteiro, A.M.R.V.L., E-mail: mmonteiro@fc.up.pt [Centro de Astrofísica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto (Portugal); Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4150-007 Porto (Portugal); Department of Applied Physics, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft (Netherlands)

2013-07-09

We point out that existing astrophysical measurements of combinations of the fine-structure constant α, the proton-to-electron mass ratio μ and the proton gyromagnetic ratio g{sub p} towards the radio source PKS1413+135 can be used to individually constrain each of these fundamental couplings. While the accuracy of the available measurements is not yet sufficient to test the spatial dipole scenario, our analysis serves as a proof of concept as new observational facilities will soon allow significantly more robust tests. Moreover, these measurements can also be used to obtain constraints on certain classes of unification scenarios, and we compare the constraints obtained for PKS1413+135 with those previously obtained from local atomic clock measurements.

U.S. Department of Energy Grand Junction Projects Office site environmental report for calendar year 1995

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1996-05-01

This report presents information pertaining to environmental activities conducted during calendar year 1995 at the US Department of Energy (DOE) Grand Junction Projects Office (GJPO) facility in Grand Junction, Colorado. Environmental activities conducted at the GJPO facility during 1995 were associated with mixed-waste treatment, site remediation, off-site dose modeling, and radiological and nonradiological monitoring. As part of the GJPO Mixed-Waste Treatment Program, on-site treatability studies were conducted in 1995 that made use of pilot-scale evaporative-oxidation and thermal-desorption units and bench-scale stabilization. DOE-GJPO used some of its own mixed-waste as well as samples received from other DOE sites for these treatability studies. These studies are expected to conclude in 1996. Removal of radiologically contaminated materials from GJPO facility buildings was conducted under the provisions of the Grand Junction Projects Office Remedial Action Project. Remediation activities included the removal of 394 metric tons of contaminated material from Buildings 18 and 28 and revegetation activities on the GJPO site; remediation was conducted in compliance with applicable permits

Fermionic minimal dark matter in 5D gauge-Higgs unification

Science.gov (United States)

Maru, Nobuhito; Okada, Nobuchika; Okada, Satomi

2017-12-01

We propose a minimal dark matter (MDM) scenario in the context of a simple gauge-Higgs unification (GHU) model based on the gauge group S U (3 )×U (1 )' in five-dimensional Minkowski space with a compactification of the fifth dimension on the 1S/Z2 orbifold. A pair of vectorlike S U (3 ) multiplet fermions in a higher-dimensional representation is introduced in the bulk, and the DM particle is identified with the lightest mass eigenstate among the components in the multiplets. In the original model description, the DM particle communicates with the Standard Model (SM) particles only through the bulk gauge interaction, and hence our model is the GHU version of the MDM scenario. There are two typical realizations of the DM particle in four-dimensional effective theory: (i) the DM particle is mostly composed of the SM S U (2 )L multiplets, or (ii) the DM is mostly composed of the SM S U (2 )L singlets. Since the case (i) is very similar to the original MDM scenario, we focus on the case (ii), which is a realization of the Higgs-portal DM scenario in the context of the GHU model. We identify an allowed parameter region to be consistent with the current experimental constraints, which will be fully covered by the direct dark matter detection experiments in the near future. In the presence of the bulk multiplet fermions in higher-dimensional S U (3 ) representations, we reproduce the 125 GeV Higgs boson mass through the renormalization group evolution of Higgs quartic coupling with the compactification scale of 10-100 TeV.

Higgs mass in the gauge-Higgs unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haba, Naoyuki; Takenaga, Kazunori; Yamashita, Toshifumi

2005-01-01

The gauge-Higgs unification theory identifies the zero mode of the extra-dimensional component of the gauge field as the usual Higgs doublet. Since this degree of freedom is the Wilson line phase, the Higgs does not have the mass term nor quartic coupling at the tree level. Through quantum corrections, the Higgs can take a vacuum expectation value, and its mass is induced. The radiatively induced mass tends to be small, although it can be lifted to O(100) GeV by introducing the O(10) numbers of bulk fields. Perturbation theory becomes unreliable when a large number of bulk fields are introduced. We reanalyze the Higgs mass based on useful expansion formulae for the effective potential and find that even a small number of bulk field can have the suitable heavy Higgs mass. We show that a small (large) number of bulk fields are enough (needed) when the SUSY breaking mass is large (small). We also study the case of introducing the soft SUSY breaking scalar masses in addition to the Scherk-Schwarz SUSY breaking and obtain the heavy Higgs mass due to the effect of the scalar mass

Low-energy neutral current phenomenology and grand unified theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Del Aguila, F.; Mendez, A.

1981-01-01

We derive necessary and sufficient conditions to be satisfied by any expanded electroweak gauge model in order to reproduce the standard model low-energy neutral current predictions. These conditions imply several constraints on the neutral gauge boson masses and the quantum number assignments for the ordinary fermions. Using these conditions, we prove that the popular grand unified theories based on the gauge groups SO(10) and E6 can only accommodate trivial extensions of the standard model. As a consequence, if any of these grand unified models works at some energy scale, present low-energy neutral current phenomenology implies that the Z-boson must be produced with the expected mass and couplings to the ordinary fermions. Any additional neutral gauge boson (with the possible exception of very heavy ones) could only be produced in hadronic collisions and it would not decay in e + e - . (orig.)

GrandBase: generating actionable knowledge from Big Data

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xiu Susie Fang

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Purpose – This paper aims to propose a system for generating actionable knowledge from Big Data and use this system to construct a comprehensive knowledge base (KB, called GrandBase. Design/methodology/approach – In particular, this study extracts new predicates from four types of data sources, namely, Web texts, Document Object Model (DOM trees, existing KBs and query stream to augment the ontology of the existing KB (i.e. Freebase. In addition, a graph-based approach to conduct better truth discovery for multi-valued predicates is also proposed. Findings – Empirical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the approaches presented in this study and the potential of GrandBase. The future research directions regarding GrandBase construction and extension has also been discussed. Originality/value – To revolutionize our modern society by using the wisdom of Big Data, considerable KBs have been constructed to feed the massive knowledge-driven applications with Resource Description Framework triples. The important challenges for KB construction include extracting information from large-scale, possibly conflicting and different-structured data sources (i.e. the knowledge extraction problem and reconciling the conflicts that reside in the sources (i.e. the truth discovery problem. Tremendous research efforts have been contributed on both problems. However, the existing KBs are far from being comprehensive and accurate: first, existing knowledge extraction systems retrieve data from limited types of Web sources; second, existing truth discovery approaches commonly assume each predicate has only one true value. In this paper, the focus is on the problem of generating actionable knowledge from Big Data. A system is proposed, which consists of two phases, namely, knowledge extraction and truth discovery, to construct a broader KB, called GrandBase.

Unification, small and large

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fritzsch, Harald

1993-04-15

Full text: Fruitful exchanges between particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology have become a common feature in the last decade. In January, Coral Gables near Miami was the stage for a 'Unified Symmetry in the Small and the Large' meeting. Coral Gables is a famous physics venue. In January 1964, the year that the quark model of hadrons emerged, Behram Kursunoglu initiated a series of particle physics meetings that continued for 20 years and formed a regular focus for this development. The final such meeting was in 1983, coinciding with both the 80th birthday of field theory pioneer Paul Dirac, who worked in Florida towards the end of his career, and the discovery of the W bosons at CERN. The resurrected Coral Gables meeting began with historical accounts of the emergence of Big Bang cosmology, by Robert Ralph and Herman Alpher, while Andrei Linde proposed our expanding universe as a small part of a stationary system, infinite both in space and in time. The observational status of Big Bang cosmology was reviewed by Bruce Partridge, John Mather and Martin Harwit, emphasizing the cosmic background radiation, where temperature is now measured by the COBE satellite detectors to 2.726 ± 0.01 OK. The tiny fluctuations observed by COBE pose problems for standard cold dark matter models. Edward ('Rocky') Kolb reported on new studies on the electroweak phase transition, based on an analogy with the physics of liquid crystals. Richard Holman discussed the fate of global symmetries at energies near the Planck (grand unification) energy, and Paul Steinhardt talked about tensorial and scalar metric fluctuations in the light of the COBE results. Anthony Tyson gave an impressive description of dark matter studies using gravitational lensing, now emerging as a unique tool for indirectly observing intervening dark matter. A neutrino mass of 10 electronvolts could account for observed dark matter distributions, but fails to provide the necessary seeds for galaxy formation. A

Unification, small and large

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fritzsch, Harald

1993-01-01

Full text: Fruitful exchanges between particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology have become a common feature in the last decade. In January, Coral Gables near Miami was the stage for a 'Unified Symmetry in the Small and the Large' meeting. Coral Gables is a famous physics venue. In January 1964, the year that the quark model of hadrons emerged, Behram Kursunoglu initiated a series of particle physics meetings that continued for 20 years and formed a regular focus for this development. The final such meeting was in 1983, coinciding with both the 80th birthday of field theory pioneer Paul Dirac, who worked in Florida towards the end of his career, and the discovery of the W bosons at CERN. The resurrected Coral Gables meeting began with historical accounts of the emergence of Big Bang cosmology, by Robert Ralph and Herman Alpher, while Andrei Linde proposed our expanding universe as a small part of a stationary system, infinite both in space and in time. The observational status of Big Bang cosmology was reviewed by Bruce Partridge, John Mather and Martin Harwit, emphasizing the cosmic background radiation, where temperature is now measured by the COBE satellite detectors to 2.726 ± 0.01 OK. The tiny fluctuations observed by COBE pose problems for standard cold dark matter models. Edward ('Rocky') Kolb reported on new studies on the electroweak phase transition, based on an analogy with the physics of liquid crystals. Richard Holman discussed the fate of global symmetries at energies near the Planck (grand unification) energy, and Paul Steinhardt talked about tensorial and scalar metric fluctuations in the light of the COBE results. Anthony Tyson gave an impressive description of dark matter studies using gravitational lensing, now emerging as a unique tool for indirectly observing intervening dark matter. A neutrino mass of 10 electronvolts could account for observed dark matter distributions, but fails to provide the necessary seeds for

Indirect search for neutralino dark matter with high energy neutrinos

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barger, V.; Halzen, Francis; Hooper, Dan; Kao, Chung

2002-01-01

We investigate the prospects of indirect searches for supersymmetric neutralino dark matter. Relic neutralinos gravitationally accumulate in the Sun and their annihilations produce high energy neutrinos. Muon neutrinos of this origin can be seen in large detectors such as AMANDA, IceCube, and ANTARES. We evaluate the relic density and the detection rate in several models--the minimal supersymmetric model, minimal supergravity, and supergravity with nonuniversal Higgs boson masses at the grand unification scale. We make realistic estimates for the indirect detection rates including effects of the muon detection threshold, quark hadronization, and solar absorption. We find good prospects for detection of neutralinos with mass above 200 GeV

Soft CP violation and the global matter-antimatter symmetry of the universe

Science.gov (United States)

Senjanovic, G.; Stecker, F. W.

1980-01-01

Scenarios for baryon production are considered within the context of SU(5) and SO(10) grand unified theories where CP violation arises spontaneously. The spontaneous CP symmetry breaking then results in a matter-antimatter domain structure in the universe. Two possible, distinct types of theories of soft CP violation are defined. In the first type the CP nonconservation originates only from the breaking of SU(2) sub L X U(1) symmetry, and in the second type, even at the unification temperature scale, CP violation can emerge as a result of symmetry breaking by the vacuum expectation values of the superheavy Higgs sector scalars.

The Halo Occupation Distribution of obscured quasars: revisiting the unification model

Science.gov (United States)

Mitra, Kaustav; Chatterjee, Suchetana; DiPompeo, Michael A.; Myers, Adam D.; Zheng, Zheng

2018-06-01

We model the projected angular two-point correlation function (2PCF) of obscured and unobscured quasars selected using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), at a median redshift of z ˜ 1 using a five parameter Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) parametrization, derived from a cosmological hydrodynamic simulation by Chatterjee et al. The HOD parametrization was previously used to model the 2PCF of optically selected quasars and X-ray bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z ˜ 1. The current work shows that a single HOD parametrization can be used to model the population of different kinds of AGN in dark matter haloes suggesting the universality of the relationship between AGN and their host dark matter haloes. Our results show that the median halo mass of central quasar hosts increases from optically selected (4.1^{+0.3}_{-0.4} × 10^{12} h^{-1} M_{⊙}) and infra-red (IR) bright unobscured populations (6.3^{+6.2}_{-2.3} × 10^{12} h^{-1} M_{⊙}) to obscured quasars (10.0^{+2.6}_{-3.7} × 10^{12} h^{-1} M_{⊙}), signifying an increase in the degree of clustering. The projected satellite fractions also increase from optically bright to obscured quasars and tend to disfavour a simple `orientation only' theory of active galactic nuclei unification. Our results also show that future measurements of the small-scale clustering of obscured quasars can constrain current theories of galaxy evolution where quasars evolve from an IR-bright obscured phase to the optically bright unobscured phase.

A model for a unification of scales. From MPlanck TO mν

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pati, J.C.

1989-01-01

It is proposed that the hierarchical scales - from M Planck to m ν - have a common origin. Using M Planck and the coupling constant associated with a preonic metacolor gauge force as the only input parameters, it is shown how large ratios such as (M Pl /M I ), (M Pl /δm s ), (M Pl /m W ), (M Pl /m t ) and even (M Pl /m ν )> or approx.10 27 can arise naturally. Here M I denotes an intermediate scale ≅ 10 11 GeV, which is identified with the scale parameter of the metacolor force, while δm s denotes SUSY-breaking mass splittings ≅ 1 TeV. Local supersymmetry together with an inhibition in the breaking of global SUSY (index theorem) as well as compositeness of quarks, leptons and Higgs play crucial roles in this approach. Two key features of the model are the natural origins of composite vector-like families with masses of order of a few hundred GeV to 1 TeV and the consequent see-saw mechanism for the generations of quark-lepton masses and CP violation. (orig.)

Diffraction scattering and the parton model in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

White, A.

1985-01-01

Arguments are presented that the validity of the parton model for hadron scattering in QCD is directly related to the occurrence of the Critical Pomeron description of diffraction scattering. An attractive route suggested for Electroweak and Grand Unification is also briefly described

Gauge-Higgs unification with broken flavour symmetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Olschewsky, M.

2007-05-01

We study a five-dimensional Gauge-Higgs unification model on the orbifold S 1 /Z 2 based on the extended standard model (SM) gauge group SU(2) L x U(1) Y x SO(3) F . The group SO(3) F is treated as a chiral gauged flavour symmetry. Electroweak-, flavour- and Higgs interactions are unified in one single gauge group SU(7). The unified gauge group SU(7) is broken down to SU(2) L x U(1) Y x SO(3) F by orbifolding and imposing Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. The compactification scale of the theory is O(1) TeV. Furthermore, the orbifold S 1 /Z 2 is put on a lattice. This setting gives a well-defined staring point for renormalisation group (RG) transformations. As a result of the RG-flow, the bulk is integrated out and the extra dimension will consist of only two points: the orbifold fixed points. The model obtained this way is called an effective bilayered transverse lattice model. Parallel transporters (PT) in the extra dimension become nonunitary as a result of the blockspin transformations. In addition, a Higgs potential V(Φ) emerges naturally. The PTs can be written as a product e A y e η e A y of unitary factors e A y and a selfadjoint factor e η . The reduction 48 → 35 + 6 + anti 6 + 1 of the adjoint representation of SU(7) with respect to SU(6) contains SU(2) L x U(1) Y x SO(3) F leads to three SU(2) L Higgs doublets: one for the first, one for the second and one for the third generation. Their zero modes serve as a substitute for the SM Higgs. When the extended SM gauge group SU(2) L x U(1) Y x SO(3) F is spontaneously broken down to U(1) em , an exponential gauge boson mass splitting occurs naturally. At a first step SU(2) L x U(1) Y x SO(3) F is broken to SU(2) L x U(1) Y by VEVs for the selfadjoint factor e η . This breaking leads to masses of flavour changing SO(3) F gauge bosons much above the compactification scale. Such a behaviour has no counterpart within the customary approximation scheme of an ordinary orbifold theory. This way tree

Comparison between geodetic and oceanographic approaches to estimate mean dynamic topography for vertical datum unification: evaluation at Australian tide gauges

Science.gov (United States)

Filmer, M. S.; Hughes, C. W.; Woodworth, P. L.; Featherstone, W. E.; Bingham, R. J.

2018-04-01

The direct method of vertical datum unification requires estimates of the ocean's mean dynamic topography (MDT) at tide gauges, which can be sourced from either geodetic or oceanographic approaches. To assess the suitability of different types of MDT for this purpose, we evaluate 13 physics-based numerical ocean models and six MDTs computed from observed geodetic and/or ocean data at 32 tide gauges around the Australian coast. We focus on the viability of numerical ocean models for vertical datum unification, classifying the 13 ocean models used as either independent (do not contain assimilated geodetic data) or non-independent (do contain assimilated geodetic data). We find that the independent and non-independent ocean models deliver similar results. Maximum differences among ocean models and geodetic MDTs reach >150 mm at several Australian tide gauges and are considered anomalous at the 99% confidence level. These differences appear to be of geodetic origin, but without additional independent information, or formal error estimates for each model, some of these errors remain inseparable. Our results imply that some ocean models have standard deviations of differences with other MDTs (using geodetic and/or ocean observations) at Australian tide gauges, and with levelling between some Australian tide gauges, of ˜ ± 50 mm . This indicates that they should be considered as an alternative to geodetic MDTs for the direct unification of vertical datums. They can also be used as diagnostics for errors in geodetic MDT in coastal zones, but the inseparability problem remains, where the error cannot be discriminated between the geoid model or altimeter-derived mean sea surface.

To the problem of control methods unification of natural and artificial radionuclide admission into environment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gedeonov, L.I.

1981-01-01

Radioactive substances (RAS) released into the environment during NPP operation form the fields of increased radiation level as compared with the natural background. Preservation of the environment from intolerable contamination requires deter-- mination of the effluent norm by concentration and quantity of RAS released to the environment for every source. The necessity of unification of the methods for radioactive nuclide control of the environment as well as means and conditions of this control are discussed [ru

The geopotential value W 0 for specifying the relativistic atomic time scale and a global vertical reference system

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Burša, Milan; Kenyon, S.; Kouba, J.; Šíma, Zdislav; Vatrt, V.; Vítek, V.; Vojtíšková, M.

2007-01-01

Roč. 81, č. 2 (2007), s. 103-110 ISSN 0949-7714 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA205/05/2381 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10030501 Keywords : geopotential * vertical datum unification * relativistic atomic time scale Subject RIV: BN - Astronomy, Celestial Mechanics, Astrophysics Impact factor: 1.636, year: 2007

Unification of gauge and gravity Chern-Simons theories in 3-D space-time

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saghir, Chireen A.; Shamseddine, Laurence W. [American University of Beirut, Physics Department, Beirut (Lebanon)

2017-11-15

Chamseddine and Mukhanov showed that gravity and gauge theories could be unified in one geometric construction provided that a metricity condition is imposed on the vielbein. In this paper we are going to show that by enlarging the gauge group we are able to unify Chern-Simons gauge theory and Chern-Simons gravity in 3-D space-time. Such a unification leads to the quantization of the coefficients for both Chern-Simons terms for compact groups but not for non-compact groups. Moreover, it leads to a topological invariant quantity of the 3-dimensional space-time manifold on which they are defined. (orig.)

Theory of weak interactions and related topics. Progress report, January 1-December 31, 1981

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marshak, R.E.

1985-08-01

The research program demonstrated that the acceptance of B-L local symmetry as the weak hypercharge, whose spontaneous breakdown was connected to the spontaneous breakdown of parity, predicted a light electron neutrino (Majorana) and a related heavy neutrino. The prediction of neutron oscillations following from the PUT group SU(4)/sub C/ x SU(2)/sub L/ x SU(2)/sub R/ was scrutinized. A relation was derived between the mixing time for free neutron oscillations and the lifetime for nuclear stability with respect to ΔB = 2 transitions, and a study was conducted of the effect of time-varying or spatial-varying magnetic fields on the mixing time of neutron oscillations. Reasons are given for continuing work with the left-right symmetry (LRS) and partial unification theory (PUT) groups to their grand unification realization. It was shown that, without assuming a simple GUT group, that the color group has to be SU(3) and that the only possible GUT groups are SU(5) and SU(10). The gauge boson mass relation was derived for arbitrary Higgs structure associated either with the standard SU(2)/sub L/ x U(1) electroweak group or the LRS group. Also examined was the Pati-Salam type of grand unification. 31 refs

3C 254: the alignment effect and unification schemes

Science.gov (United States)

Bremer, M. N.

1997-01-01

3C 254 is a radio-loud quasar at z=0.734. Optical line and continuum emission from the underlying galaxy is clearly extended and aligned with the radio axis; the object shows the so-called `alignment effect' which is often seen in powerful radio galaxies. This is the clearest case yet of the continuum alignment effect in a radio-loud quasar. The object is one of the most lobe-dominated 3C quasars; the significance of the aligned emission in this source is discussed in terms of orientation-based unification schemes for radio-loud quasars and radio galaxies. 3C 254 is a very asymmetric radio source and it is shown that the radio structure on the side with the shortest nucleus-hotspot distance is interacting with the emission-line gas surrounding the quasar. It is also shown that the quasar is surrounded by an overdensity of faint objects, consistent with a cluster or group of galaxies around the object.

ARCHITECTURE E-MALL USING RUP (RATIONAL UNIFED PROCESS METHODS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Atin Triwahyuni

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Sistem Informasi dan teknologi saat ini telah berkembang dengan cepat dan memberikan dampak kedalam semua aspek kehidupan. Kebutuhan akan sistem informasi yang didukung dengan teknologi mulai dirasakan oleh berbagai kalangan masyarakat, salah satunya adalah kalangan masyarakat yang bergerak di dunia bisnis dan usaha, dengan memanfaatkan teknologi, setiap orang yang bergerak di dunia usaha dapat memperkenalkan produk mereka dengan menggunakan media internet, sehingga dapat meningkatkan penjualan dan memperluas pemasarannya, sedangkan pada media penjualan dagangan yang dijajakan masih secara konvensional, yaitu langsung bertatap muka dengan pelanggan untuk melihat maupun melakukan pembelian produk, dimana pelanggan terlebih dahulu menuju toko yang diinginkan, tapi dengan adanya sebuah website E-Mall ini, pelanggan bisa menemukan apa yang dicari tanpa harus mengunjungi toko tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode RUP (Rational Unifed Process yang menggunakan konsep object oriented, dengan aktifitas yang berfokus pada pengembangan model dengan menggunakan Unified Model Language (UML. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan menghasilkan sebuah website yang dapat membantu dalam bisnis perdagangan pakaian online.

Evolution of Extragalactic Radio Sources and Quasar/Galaxy Unification

Science.gov (United States)

Onah, C. I.; Ubachukwu, A. A.; Odo, F. C.; Onuchukwu, C. C.

2018-04-01

We use a large sample of radio sources to investigate the effects of evolution, luminosity selection and radio source orientation in explaining the apparent deviation of observed angular size - redshift (θ - z) relation of extragalactic radio sources (EGRSs) from the standard model. We have fitted the observed θ - z data with standard cosmological models based on a flat universe (Ω0 = 1). The size evolution of EGRSs has been described as luminosity, temporal and orientation-dependent in the form DP,z,Φ ≍ P±q(1 + z)-m sinΦ, with q=0.3, Φ=59°, m=-0.26 for radio galaxies and q=-0.5, Φ=33°, m=3.1 for radio quasars respectively. Critical points of luminosity, logPcrit=26.33 WHz-1 and logDc=2.51 kpc (316.23 kpc) of the present sample of radio sources were also observed. All the results were found to be consistent with the popular quasar/galaxy unification scheme.

A km-scale "triaxial experiment" reveals the extreme mechanical weakness and anisotropy of mica-schists (Grandes Rousses Massif, France)

Science.gov (United States)

Bolognesi, Francesca; Bistacchi, Andrea

2018-02-01

The development of Andersonian faults is predicted, according to theory and experiments, for brittle/frictional deformation occurring in a homogeneous medium. In contrast, in an anisotropic medium it is possible to observe fault nucleation and propagation that is non-Andersonian in geometry and kinematics. Here, we consider post-metamorphic brittle/frictional deformation in the mechanically anisotropic mylonitic mica-schists of the Grandes Rousse Massif (France). The role of the mylonitic foliation (and of any other source of mechanical anisotropy) in brittle/frictional deformation is a function of orientation and friction angle. According to the relative orientation of principal stress axes and foliation, a foliation characterized by a certain coefficient of friction will be utilized or not for the nucleation and propagation of brittle/frictional fractures and faults. If the foliation is not utilized, the rock behaves as if it was isotropic, and Andersonian geometry and kinematics can be observed. If the foliation is utilized, the deviatoric stress magnitude is buffered and Andersonian faults/fractures cannot develop. In a narrow transition regime, both Andersonian and non-Andersonian structures can be observed. We apply stress inversion and slip tendency analysis to determine the critical angle for failure of the metamorphic foliation of the Grandes Rousses schists, defined as the limit angle between the foliation and principal stress axes for which the foliation was brittlely reactivated. This approach allows defining the ratio of the coefficient of internal friction for failure along the mylonitic foliation to the isotropic coefficient of friction. Thus, the study area can be seen as a km-scale triaxial experiment that allows measuring the degree of mechanical anisotropy of the mylonitic mica-schists. In this way, we infer a coefficient of friction μweak = 0.14 for brittle-frictional failure of the foliation, or 20 % of the isotropic coefficient of internal

La importancia de ser grande

OpenAIRE

Baisre, J. A.

2007-01-01

Se responde a las preguntas ¿por qué los mamíferos marinos son los animales más grandes del planeta?, ¿Por qué los peces no pueden ser más grandes?. Éstas y otras interrogantes son respondidas de forma sencilla y clara.

General Focus Point in the MSSM

CERN Document Server

Delgado, Antonio; Wagner, Carlos

2014-01-01

The minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (SM) is a well motivated scenario for physics beyond the SM, which allows a perturbative description of the theory up to scales of the order of the Grand Unification scale, where gauge couplings unify. The Higgs mass parameter is insensitive to the ultraviolet physics and is only sensitive to the scale of soft supersymmetry breaking parameters. Present collider bounds suggest that the characteristic values of these parameters may be significantly larger than the weak scale. Large values of the soft breaking parameters, however, induce large radiative corrections to the Higgs mass parameter and therefore the proper electroweak scale may only be obtained by a fine tuned cancellation between the square of the holomorphic \\mu-parameter and the Higgs supersymmetry breaking square mass parameter. This can only be avoided if there is a correlation between the scalar and gaugino mass parameters, such that the Higgs supersymmetry breaking parameter remains of ...

The anomalous U(1)_{anom} symmetry and flavors from an SU(5) × SU(5)' GUT in Z_{12-I} orbifold compactification

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Jihn E.; Kyae, Bumseok; Nam, Soonkeon

2017-12-01

In string compactifications, frequently the anomalous U(1) gauge symmetry appears which belongs to E_8 × E_8' of the heterotic string. This anomalous U(1) gauge boson obtains mass at the compactification scale (≈ 10^{18 } {GeV}) by absorbing one pseudoscalar (corresponding to the model-independent axion) from the second rank antisymmetric tensor field B_{MN}. Below the compactification scale a global symmetry U(1)_{anom} results whose charge Q_anom is the original gauge U(1) charge. This is the most natural global symmetry, realizing the "invisible" axion. This global symmetry U(1)_{anom} is suitable for a flavor symmetry. In the simplest compactification model with the flipped SU(5) grand unification, all the low energy parameters are calculated in terms of the vacuum expectation values of the standard model singlets.

The Starobinsky model from superconformal D-term inflation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buchmuller, W.; Domcke, V.; Kamada, K.

2013-06-01

We point out that in the large field regime, the recently proposed superconformal D-term inflation model coincides with the Starobinsky model. In this regime, the inflaton field dominates over the Planck mass in the gravitational kinetic term in the Jordan frame. Slow-roll inflation is realized in the large field regime for sufficiently large gauge couplings. The Starobinsky model generally emerges as an effective description of slow-roll inflation if a Jordan frame exists where, for large inflaton field values, the action is scale invariant and the ratio λ of the inflaton self-coupling and the nonminimal coupling to gravity is tiny. The interpretation of this effective coupling is different in different models. In superconformal D-term inflation it is determined by the scale of grand unification, λ∝(Λ GUT /M P ) 4 .

Discovery of proton decay: A must for theory, a challenge for experiment

Science.gov (United States)

Pati, Jogesh C.

2000-08-01

It is noted that, but for one missing piece—proton decay—the evidence in support of grand unification is now strong. It includes: (i) the observed family-structure, (ii) the meeting of the gauge couplings, (iii) neutrino-oscillations, (iv) the intricate pattern of the masses and mixings of all fermions, including the neutrinos, and (v) the need for B-L as a generator, to implement baryogenesis. Taken together, these not only favor grand unification but in fact select out a particular route to such unification, based on the ideas of supersymmetry, SU(4)-color and left-right symmetry. Thus they point to the relevance of an effective string-unified G(224) or SO(10)-symmetry. A concrete proposal is presented, within a predictive SO(10)/G(224)-framework, that successfully describes the masses and mixings of all fermions, including the neutrinos—with eight predictions, all in agreement with observation. Within this framework, a systematic study of proton decay is carried out, which pays special attention to its dependence on the fermion masses, including the superheavy Majorana masses of the right-handed neutrinos. The study shows that a conservative upper limit on the proton lifetime is about (1/2-1)×1034yrs, with ν¯K+ being the dominant decay mode, and as a distinctive feature, μ+K0 being prominent. This in turn strongly suggests that an improvement in the current sensitivity by a factor of five to ten (compared to SuperK) ought to reveal proton decay. Otherwise some promising and remarkably successful ideas on unification would suffer a major setback.

Technicolor and Beyond: Unification in Theory Space

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sannino, Francesco

2010-01-01

I will briefly review the salient features of models of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking together with the traditional extensions needed to provide masses to the standard model fermions in absence of fundamental scalars. The idea walking idea is introduced according to which one should carefully take into account the effects of the extended technicolor dynamics on the technicolor dynamics itself. The interplay between the four fermion interactions stemming from the extended technicolor interactions and the technicolor model can strongly enhance the anomalous dimension of the mass of the techniquarks allowing to decouple the Flavor Changing Neutral Currents problem from the one of the generation of the large top mass. I will also review the Minimal Walking Technicolor (MWT) models. In the second part of this review I consider the interesting possibility to marry supersymmetry and technicolor. The reason is to provide a unification of different extensions of the standard model. For example, this means that one can recover, according to the parameters and spectrum of the theory distinct extensions of the standard model, from supersymmetry to technicolor and unparticle physiscs. A surprising result is that a minimal (in terms of the smallest number of fields) supersymmetrization of the MWT model leads to the maximal supersymmetry in four dimensions, i.e. N = 4 SYM.

On the GUT scale of F-theory SU(5)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leontaris, G.K.; Vlachos, N.D.

2011-01-01

In F-theory GUTs, threshold corrections from Kaluza-Klein (KK) massive modes arising from gauge and matter multiplets play an important role in the determination of the weak mixing angle and the strong gauge coupling of the effective low energy model. In this Letter we further explore the induced modifications on the gauge couplings running and the GUT scale. In particular, we focus on the KK-contributions from matter curves and analyze the conditions on the chiral and Higgs matter spectrum which imply a GUT scale consistent with the minimal unification scenario. As an application, we present an explicit computation of these thresholds for matter fields residing on specific non-trivial Riemann surfaces.

Grand unified theories. Pt. 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ellis, J.

1982-01-01

The author gives an introduction to the construction of grand unified theories on the base of the SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1) model of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. Especially he discusses the proton decay, neutrino masses and oscillations, and cosmological implications in connection with grand unified theories. (orig./HSI)

The Early Universe. Facts and fiction. 4. ed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boerner, G.

2003-01-01

The following topics are covered in this completely new written textbook: The standard big bang model, thermodynamics of the Early universe, gauge theories and standard model, grand unification models, baryon synthesis, inflationary universe, dark matter and galaxy formation, evolution of small perturbations, non-linear structure formation (WL)

Gauge theory and gravitation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kikkawa, Keiji; Nakanishi, Noboru; Nariai, Hidekazu

1983-01-01

These proceedings contain the articles presented at the named symposium. They deal with geometrical aspects of gauge theory and gravitation, special problems in gauge theories, quantum field theory in curved space-time, quantum gravity, supersymmetry including supergravity, and grand unification. See hints under the relevant topics. (HSI)

The super G-string

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gates, V.; Kangaroo, E.; Roachcock, M.; Gall, W.C.

1986-01-01

The authors describe a string theory which gives all the phenomenology of symmetry breaking. It makes use of higher dimensions, higher derivatives, higher spin, higher twist, and hierarchy. It discusses the problems of renormalizability of gravity, the cosmological constant, grand unification, supersymmetry breaking, and the command cold

Research program in elementary particle theory, 1980. Progress report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sudarshan, E.C.G.; Ne'eman, Y.

1980-01-01

Research is reported for these subject areas: particle physics in relativistic astrophysics and cosmology; phenomenology of weak and electromagnetic interactions; strong interaction physics, QCD, and quark-parton physics; quantum field theory, quantum mechanics and fundamental problems; groups, gauges, and grand unified theories; and supergeometry, superalgebra, and unification

Albuquerque/Middle Rio Grande Urban Waters Viewer

Science.gov (United States)

These data have been compiled in support of the Middle Rio Grande/Albuquerque Urban Waters Partnership for the region including Albuquerque, New Mexico.The Middle Rio Grande/Albuquerque Urban Waters Federal Partnership is co-chaired by the U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. There are also a number of other federal agencies engaged in projects with Tribal, State, and local officials, and community stakeholders. Like many western river ecosystems, the Middle Rio Grande faces numerous challenges in balancing competing needs within a finite water supply and other resource constrains. Historical practices by our ancestors and immigrants to the Middle Rio Grande have established the conditions that we have inherited. Long-term drought exacerbated by climate change is changing conditions that affect natural and human communities as we strive to improve our precious Rio Grande.The Middle Rio Grande/Albuquerque Urban Waters Federal Partnership will reconnect our urban communities, particularly those that are overburdened or economically distressed, with the waterway by improving coordination among federal agencies and collaborating with community-led revitalization efforts. Our projects will improve our community water systems and promote their economic, environmental and social benefits. Specifically, the Middle Rio Grande/Albuquerque Urban Waters Federal Partnership will support the development of the Valle de Oro

Scalar mass relations and flavor violations in supersymmetric theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheng, Hsin-Chia; California Univ., Berkeley, CA

1996-01-01

Supersymmetry provides the most promising solution to the gauge hierarchy problem. For supersymmetry to stablize the hierarchy, it must be broken at the weak scale. The combination of weak scale supersymmetry and grand unification leads to a successful prediction of the weak mixing angle to within 1% accuracy. If supersymmetry is a symmetry of nature, the mass spectrum and the flavor mixing pattern of the scalar superpartners of all the quarks and leptons will provide important information about a more fundamental theory at higher energies. We studied the scalar mass relations which follow from the assumption that at high energies there is a grand unified theory which leads to a significant prediction of the weak mixing angle; these will serve as important tests of grand unified theories. Two intragenerational mass relations for each of the light generations are derived. A third relation is also found which relates the Higgs masses and the masses of all three generation scalars. In a realistic supersymmetric grand unified theory, nontrivial flavor mixings are expected to exist at all gaugino vertices. This could lead to important contributions to the neutron electric dipole moment, the decay mode p → K 0 μ + , weak scale radiative corrections to the up-type quark masses, and lepton flavor violating signals such as μ → eγ. These also provide important probes of physics at high energy scales. Supersymmetric theories involving a spontaneously broken flavor symmetry can provide a solution to the supersymmetric flavor-changing problem and an understanding of the fermion masses and mixings. We studied the possibilities and the general conditions under which some fermion masses and mixings can be obtained radiatively. We also constructed theories of flavor in which the first generation fermion masses arise from radiative corrections while flavor-changing constraints are satisfied. 69 refs., 19 figs., 9 tabs

Gauge-Higgs unification with broken flavour symmetry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Olschewsky, M.

2007-05-15

We study a five-dimensional Gauge-Higgs unification model on the orbifold S{sup 1}/Z{sub 2} based on the extended standard model (SM) gauge group SU(2){sub L} x U(1){sub Y} x SO(3){sub F}. The group SO(3){sub F} is treated as a chiral gauged flavour symmetry. Electroweak-, flavour- and Higgs interactions are unified in one single gauge group SU(7). The unified gauge group SU(7) is broken down to SU(2){sub L} x U(1){sub Y} x SO(3){sub F} by orbifolding and imposing Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. The compactification scale of the theory is O(1) TeV. Furthermore, the orbifold S{sup 1}/Z{sub 2} is put on a lattice. This setting gives a well-defined staring point for renormalisation group (RG) transformations. As a result of the RG-flow, the bulk is integrated out and the extra dimension will consist of only two points: the orbifold fixed points. The model obtained this way is called an effective bilayered transverse lattice model. Parallel transporters (PT) in the extra dimension become nonunitary as a result of the blockspin transformations. In addition, a Higgs potential V({phi}) emerges naturally. The PTs can be written as a product e{sup A{sub y}}e{sup {eta}}e{sup A{sub y}} of unitary factors e{sup A{sub y}} and a selfadjoint factor e{sup {eta}}. The reduction 48 {yields} 35 + 6 + anti 6 + 1 of the adjoint representation of SU(7) with respect to SU(6) contains SU(2){sub L} x U(1){sub Y} x SO(3){sub F} leads to three SU(2){sub L} Higgs doublets: one for the first, one for the second and one for the third generation. Their zero modes serve as a substitute for the SM Higgs. When the extended SM gauge group SU(2){sub L} x U(1){sub Y} x SO(3){sub F} is spontaneously broken down to U(1){sub em}, an exponential gauge boson mass splitting occurs naturally. At a first step SU(2){sub L} x U(1){sub Y} x SO(3){sub F} is broken to SU(2){sub L} x U(1){sub Y} by VEVs for the selfadjoint factor e{sup {eta}}. This breaking leads to masses of flavour changing SO(3){sub F

Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico da zona sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Roney Tagliani

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The environmental licensing is one of management tools established by the Environmental National Policy in Brazil that is being implemented in the scale of the municipalities in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The licensing, in this context, will only be possible if the municipalities meet the requirements demanded by the State’s Environmental Agency. One of them is the ecological and economical zoning (ZEE, a very difficult task to perform due to lack of technical personnel in the municipalities and the difficulty of integrating legal, inter institutional and scientific data to their realization. The Federal University of Rio Grande has drafted a proposal of ZEE to the 22 municipalities that together make up the southern part of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. After a technical meeting with professionals from various related subject areas, a methodology to be applied for the development of the proposal was defined. This includes the identification and characterization of basic territorial units with the aid of a Geographical Information System, for which shall be defined goals, guidelines, potential and usage restrictions, based on their vulnerabilities and/or environmental weaknesses. The regional mapping was presented at the scale of 1: 100,000 and should be used as a basis for further details on the municipal scale.

Grand unified models including extra Z bosons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Tiezhong

1989-01-01

The grand unified theories (GUT) of the simple Lie groups including extra Z bosons are discussed. Under authors's hypothesis there are only SU 5+m SO 6+4n and E 6 groups. The general discussion of SU 5+m is given, then the SU 6 and SU 7 are considered. In SU 6 the 15+6 * +6 * fermion representations are used, which are not same as others in fermion content, Yukawa coupling and broken scales. A conception of clans of particles, which are not families, is suggested. These clans consist of extra Z bosons and the corresponding fermions of the scale. The all of fermions in the clans are down quarks except for the standard model which consists of Z bosons and 15 fermions, therefore, the spectrum of the hadrons which are composed of these down quarks are different from hadrons at present

Cosmic physics: the high energy frontier

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stecker, F W

2003-01-01

Cosmic rays have been observed up to energies 10 8 times larger than those of the best particle accelerators. Studies of astrophysical particles (hadrons, neutrinos and photons) at their highest observed energies have implications for fundamental physics as well as astrophysics. Thus, the cosmic high energy frontier is the nexus to new particle physics. This overview discusses recent advances being made in the physics and astrophysics of cosmic rays and cosmic γ-rays at the highest observed energies as well as the related physics and astrophysics of very high energy cosmic neutrinos. These topics touch on questions of grand unification, violations of Lorentz invariance as well as Planck scale physics and quantum gravity. (topical review)

Einstein's Legacy, at the Globe

CERN Multimedia

2005-01-01

One-hundred years on, Albert Einstein's theories continue to fuel the daily work of physicists. From research into gravity waves to the quest for grand unification in physics, today's researchers have not finished with the legacy of the most famous and iconic physicist of the 20th Century.

Beyond the standard model; Au-dela du modele standard

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cuypers, F. [Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland)

1997-05-01

These lecture notes are intended as a pedagogical introduction to several popular extensions of the standard model of strong and electroweak interactions. The topics include the Higgs sector, the left-right symmetric model, grand unification and supersymmetry. Phenomenological consequences and search procedures are emphasized. (author) figs., tabs., 18 refs.

Beyond the standard model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cuypers, F.

1997-05-01

These lecture notes are intended as a pedagogical introduction to several popular extensions of the standard model of strong and electroweak interactions. The topics include the Higgs sector, the left-right symmetric model, grand unification and supersymmetry. Phenomenological consequences and search procedures are emphasized. (author) figs., tabs., 18 refs

Research program in elementary particle theory, 1980. Progress report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sudarshan, E. C.G.; Ne' eman, Y.

1980-01-01

Research is reported for these subject areas: particle physics in relativistic astrophysics and cosmology; phenomenology of weak and electromagnetic interactions; strong interaction physics, QCD, and quark-parton physics; quantum field theory, quantum mechanics and fundamental problems; groups, gauges, and grand unified theories; and supergeometry, superalgebra, and unification. (GHT)

Quarks and leptons: the generation puzzle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harari, H.

1979-07-01

Some crucial questions with regards to the physics of the world beyond the standard view of quarks and leptons are investigated. The standard view is set forth, its problems noted, and its possibilities considered, particularly that of the grand unification scheme. Some open questions are listed. 29 references

Grand-scale theft: kleptoplasty in parasitic plants?

Science.gov (United States)

Krause, Kirsten

2015-04-01

The angiosperm Rafflesia lives as an obligate holoparasite in intimate contact with its hosts, vines in the genus Tetrastigma. The hosts are forced to supply the parasite with all the necessary nutrients. Novel data tentatively suggest that the thievery may happen on a larger scale and include entire organellar genomes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Unification of binary star ephemeris solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilson, R. E.; Van Hamme, W.

2014-01-01

Time-related binary system characteristics such as orbital period, its rate of change, apsidal motion, and variable light-time delay due to a third body, are measured in two ways that can be mutually complementary. The older way is via eclipse timings, while ephemerides by simultaneous whole light and velocity curve analysis have appeared recently. Each has its advantages, for example, eclipse timings typically cover relatively long time spans while whole curves often have densely packed data within specific intervals and allow access to systemic properties that carry additional timing information. Synthesis of the two information sources can be realized in a one step process that combines several data types, with automated weighting based on their standard deviations. Simultaneous light-velocity-timing solutions treat parameters of apsidal motion and the light-time effect coherently with those of period and period change, allow the phenomena to interact iteratively, and produce parameter standard errors based on the quantity and precision of the curves and timings. The logic and mathematics of the unification algorithm are given, including computation of theoretical conjunction times as needed for generation of eclipse timing residuals. Automated determination of eclipse type, recovery from inaccurate starting ephemerides, and automated data weighting are also covered. Computational examples are given for three timing-related cases—steady period change (XY Bootis), apsidal motion (V526 Sagittarii), and the light-time effect due to a binary's reflex motion in a triple system (AR Aurigae). Solutions for all combinations of radial velocity, light curve, and eclipse timing input show consistent results, with a few minor exceptions.

Gauge unification of basic forces, particularly of gravitation with strong interactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salam, A.

1977-01-01

An attempt is made to present a case for the use of both the Einstein--Weyl spin-two and the Yang--Mills spin-one gauge structures for describing strong interactions. By emphasizing both spin-one and -two aspects of this force, it is hoped that a unification of this force, on the one hand, with gravity theory and, on the other, with the electromagnetic and weak interactions can be achieved. A Puppi type of tetrahedral interralation of fundamental forces, with the strong force playing a pivotal role due to its mediation through both spin-one and -two quanta, is proposed. It is claimed that the gauge invariance of gravity theory permits the use of ambuguity-free nonpolynomial techniques and thereby the securing of relistic regularization in gravity-modified field theories with the Newtonian constant G/sub N/ providing a relistic cutoff. 37 references

Z{sup ′}, Higgses and heavy neutrinos in U(1){sup ′} models: from the LHC to the GUT scale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Accomando, Elena [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ (United Kingdom); Corianò, Claudio [STAG Research Centre and Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton,Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ (United Kingdom); Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento and INFN-Lecce, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce (Italy); Rose, Luigi Delle; Fiaschi, Juri [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ (United Kingdom); Marzo, Carlo [Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento and INFN-Lecce, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce (Italy); Moretti, Stefano [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ (United Kingdom)

2016-07-18

We study a class of non-exotic minimal U(1){sup ′} extensions of the Standard Model, which includes all scenarios that are anomaly-free with the ordinary fermion content augmented by one Right-Handed neutrino per generation, wherein the new Abelian gauge group is spontaneously broken by the non-zero Vacuum Expectation Value of an additional Higgs singlet field, in turn providing mass to a Z{sup ′} state. By adopting the B−L example, whose results can be recast into those pertaining to the whole aforementioned class, and allowing for both scalar and gauge mixing, we first extract the surviving parameter space in presence of up-to-date theoretical and experimental constraints. Over the corresponding parameter configurations, we then delineate the high energy behaviour of such constructs in terms of their stability and perturbativity. Finally, we highlight key production and decay channels of the new states entering the spectra of this class of models, i.e., heavy neutrinos, a second Higgs state and the Z{sup ′}, which are amenable to experimental investigation at the Large Hadron Collider. We therefore set the stage to establish a direct link between measurements obtainable at the Electro-Weak scale and the dynamics of the underlying model up to those where a Grand Unification Theory embedding a U(1){sup ′} can be realised.

Two exercises in supersymmetry: a low-energy supergravity model and free string field theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Preitschopf, C.R.

1986-09-01

The new features of a supersymmetric standard model in the presence of heavy families are studied. The minimal set of Higgs fields, the desert between the electroweak and the grand unification scale and perturbative values of the dimensionless parameters throughout this region are assumed. Using the numerical as well as the approximate analytic solution of the renormalization group equations, the evolution of all the parameters of the theory are studied in the case of large Yukawa couplings for the fourth family. The desired spontaneous symmetry breaking of the electroweak symmetry takes place only for a rather unnatural choice of the initial values of certain mass parameters at the grand unification scale. If it is gravitino mass smaller than 200 GeV the vacuum expectation values of the Higgs fields emerge necessarily in an interplay of the tree level Higgs potential and its quantum corrections and are approximately equal. The qurak masses of the fourth family are roughly 135 GeV, while the mass of the fourth charged lepton has an upper bound of 90 GeV. Further characteristic features of this scenario are one light neutral Higgs field of mass 50 GeV and gluino masses below 75 GeV. If the gravitino mass is higher than 200 GeV one obtains a scaled up version of the well-known three family, heavy top scenario with quark masses between 40 and 205 GeV and all superparticle masses heavier than 150 GeV except the photino, gluino, one chargino and one neutralino. The gauge-invariant theory of the free bosonic open string is generalized to treat closed strings and superstrings. All of these theories can be written as theories of string differential forms defined on suitable spaces. All of the bosonic theories have exactly the same structure; the Ramond theory takes an analogous first-order form. We show explicitly, how to gauge-fix each action to the light-cone gauge and to the Feynman-Siegel gauge

Grand unified theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Langacker, P.

1981-01-01

In this talk I discuss the present status of these theories and of their observational and experimental implications. In section II, I briefly review the standard SU 3 sup(c) x SU 2 x U 1 model of the strong and electroweak interactions. Although phenomenologically successful, the standard model leaves many questions unanswered. Some of these questions are addressed by grand unified theories, which are defined and discussed in Section III. The Georgi-Glashow SU 5 model is described, as are theories based on larger groups such as SO 10 , E 6 , or SO 16 . It is emphasized that there are many possible grand unified theories and that it is an experimental problem not only to test the basic ideas but to discriminate between models. (orig./HSI)

Discovery of proton decay: A must for theory, a challenge for experiment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pati, Jogesh C.

2000-01-01

It is noted that, but for one missing piece--proton decay--the evidence in support of grand unification is now strong. It includes: (i) the observed family-structure, (ii) the meeting of the gauge couplings, (iii) neutrino-oscillations, (iv) the intricate pattern of the masses and mixings of all fermions, including the neutrinos, and (v) the need for B-L as a generator, to implement baryogenesis. Taken together, these not only favor grand unification but in fact select out a particular route to such unification, based on the ideas of supersymmetry, SU(4)-color and left-right symmetry. Thus they point to the relevance of an effective string-unified G(224) or SO(10)-symmetry. A concrete proposal is presented, within a predictive SO(10)/G(224)-framework, that successfully describes the masses and mixings of all fermions, including the neutrinos--with eight predictions, all in agreement with observation. Within this framework, a systematic study of proton decay is carried out, which pays special attention to its dependence on the fermion masses, including the superheavy Majorana masses of the right-handed neutrinos. The study shows that a conservative upper limit on the proton lifetime is about (1/2-1)x10 34 yrs, with ν(bar sign)K + being the dominant decay mode, and as a distinctive feature, μ + K 0 being prominent. This in turn strongly suggests that an improvement in the current sensitivity by a factor of five to ten (compared to SuperK) ought to reveal proton decay. Otherwise some promising and remarkably successful ideas on unification would suffer a major setback

Pramana – Journal of Physics | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

pp 223-229 Special: Supersymmetric Unified Theories and Higgs Physics. Prospects of experimentally reachable beyond Standard Model physics in inverse see-saw motivated SO(10) GUT · Ram Lal Awasthi · More Details Abstract Fulltext PDF. The grand unification theories based on SO(10) gauge group have been at the ...

Narrazioni televisive dei lavoratori italiani nel mondo : Storie di sacrificio e di redenzione

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jansen, M.M.; Lanslots, I.

2015-01-01

In the 2000s Rai television drama makes a temporal turn that coincides with Second Republic’s revisionism of the divided memory of crucial episodes in post-Unification Italian history. This article examines two historical mini-series on Italian migration in the late 1940s and early 1950s, Il Grande

The Starobinsky model from superconformal D-term inflation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buchmuller, W.; Domcke, V.; Kamada, K.

2013-06-15

We point out that in the large field regime, the recently proposed superconformal D-term inflation model coincides with the Starobinsky model. In this regime, the inflaton field dominates over the Planck mass in the gravitational kinetic term in the Jordan frame. Slow-roll inflation is realized in the large field regime for sufficiently large gauge couplings. The Starobinsky model generally emerges as an effective description of slow-roll inflation if a Jordan frame exists where, for large inflaton field values, the action is scale invariant and the ratio {lambda} of the inflaton self-coupling and the nonminimal coupling to gravity is tiny. The interpretation of this effective coupling is different in different models. In superconformal D-term inflation it is determined by the scale of grand unification, {lambda}{proportional_to}({Lambda}{sub GUT}/M{sub P}){sup 4}.

Production and milk marketing strategies of small-scale dairy farmers in the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aline dos Santos Neutzling

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Milk production is a socio-economically relevant activity for many small-scale family farms in southern Brazil. The objective of this study was to analyse their production and marketing strategies. A questionnaire was administered to 199 farm households in Rio Grande do Sul State to collect information on farm assets and activities, and particularly on the contribution of milk sale to farm income. Through categorical principal component analysis and two-step clustering, farmers were classified into three types: farmers selling only milk (M; farmers selling cash crops and milk (CM; farmers selling cash crops and surplus milk (Cm. Cattle herd (heads and size of pasture land were larger on M farms (114 ±71.9; 51 ±49.4 ha than on CM (31 ±13.4; 9 ±8.9 ha and Cm (12 ±7.5; 5 ±8.1 ha farms. Livestock husbandry contributed 71, 59 and 16 % to family income on M, CM and Cm farms, respectively. Daily milk production of the individual cow depended on the area cultivated with fodder maize (ha per cow; p ≤ 0.001, on sale of milk to cooperatives or to private companies (p ≤ 0.01, on summer pasture area (ha per cow; p = 0.001 and on daily amount of concentrates offered (kg per cow; p ≤ 0.01. These results indicate that the area available for fodder cultivation is a key factor for milk production on small-scale dairy farms in southern Brazil, while concentrate feeding plays a less important role even for highly market-oriented farms. This must be accounted for when exploring options for strengthening the regional small-scale milk production, in which dairy cooperatives do play an important role.

2010 Panel on the Biomaterials Grand Challenges

Science.gov (United States)

Reichert, William “Monty”; Ratner, Buddy D.; Anderson, James; Coury, Art; Hoffman, Allan S.; Laurencin, Cato T.; Tirrell, David

2014-01-01

In 2009, the National Academy for Engineering issued the Grand Challenges for Engineering in the 21st Century comprised of 14 technical challenges that must be addressed to build a healthy, profitable, sustainable, and secure global community (http://www.engineeringchallenges.org). Although crucial, none of the NEA Grand Challenges adequately addressed the challenges that face the biomaterials community. In response to the NAE Grand Challenges, Monty Reichert of Duke University organized a panel entitled Grand Challenges in Biomaterials at the at the 2010 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting in Seattle. Six members of the National Academies—Buddy Ratner, James Anderson, Allan Hoffman, Art Coury, Cato Laurencin, and David Tirrell—were asked to propose a grand challenge to the audience that, if met, would significantly impact the future of biomaterials and medical devices. Successfully meeting these challenges will speed the 60-plus year transition from commodity, off-the-shelf biomaterials to bioengineered chemistries, and biomaterial devices that will significantly advance our ability to address patient needs and also to create new market opportunities. PMID:21171147

Development of particle multiplicity distributions using a general form of the grand canonical partition function

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, S.J.; Mekjian, A.Z.

2004-01-01

Various phenomenological models of particle multiplicity distributions are discussed using a general form of a unified model which is based on the grand canonical partition function and Feynman's path integral approach to statistical processes. These models can be written as special cases of a more general distribution which has three control parameters which are a,x,z. The relation to these parameters to various physical quantities are discussed. A connection of the parameter a with Fisher's critical exponent τ is developed. Using this grand canonical approach, moments, cumulants and combinants are discussed and a physical interpretation of the combinants are given and their behavior connected to the critical exponent τ. Various physical phenomena such as hierarchical structure, void scaling relations, Koba-Nielson-Olesen or KNO scaling features, clan variables, and branching laws are shown in terms of this general approach. Several of these features which were previously developed in terms of the negative binomial distribution are found to be more general. Both hierarchical structure and void scaling relations depend on the Fisher exponent τ. Applications of our approach to the charged particle multiplicity distribution in jets of L3 and H1 data are given

AGN UNIFICATION AT z ∼ 1: u - R COLORS AND GRADIENTS IN X-RAY AGN HOSTS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mark Ammons, S.; Rosario, David J. V.; Koo, David C.

2011-01-01

We present uncontaminated rest-frame u - R colors of 78 X-ray-selected active galactic nucleus (AGN) hosts at 0.5 1.1 kpc. These three observations imply that AGN obscuration is uncorrelated with the star formation rate beyond ∼1 kpc. These observations favor a unification scenario for intermediate-luminosity AGNs in which obscuration is determined geometrically. Scenarios in which the majority of intermediate-luminosity AGNs at z ∼ 1 are undergoing rapid, galaxy-wide quenching due to AGN-driven feedback processes are disfavored.

Estresse no trabalho em agentes dos centros de atendimento socioeducativo do Rio Grande do Sul Estrés en el trabajo en agentes en los centros de atención socioeducativa de Rio Grande do Sul Job stress in agents at the socio-educational service centers in the state of Rio Grande do Sul

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrícia Bitencourt Toscani Greco

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Estudo que teve por objetivo verificar a associação entre estresse no trabalho, características sociodemográficas, laborais, hábitos e condições de saúde dos agentes socioeducadores do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 381 agentes dos Centros de Atendimento Socioeducativo do Rio Grande do Sul. Utilizou-se a versão brasileira da Job Stress Scale, para avaliação do estresse no trabalho. Foram classificados, em situação de alta exigência no trabalho, 19,2% dos agentes. Mostraram-se associados ao estresse no trabalho: necessidade de acompanhamento psicológico, falta de tempo para lazer, turno diurno de trabalho, insatisfação com o local de trabalho, necessidade de afastamento do trabalho, por problemas de saúde, e escala de trabalho insuficiente. Há necessidade de buscar melhores condições de trabalho e a efetivação de um Serviço de Saúde do Trabalhador atuante, no sentido de minimizar os efeitos das demandas psicológicas no trabalho do agente socioeducador.El estudo tenía el objetivo de verificar la asociación entre estrés en el trabajo, rasgos sociodemográficos, laborales, hábitos y condiciones de salud de los agentes socioeducadores de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Es un estudio transversal con 381 agentes de Centros de Atención Socioeducativa de Rio Grande do Sul. Se utilizó la versión brasileña de Job Stress Scale para evaluación de estrés en el trabajo. El 19, 2% de los agentes se clasificó en situación de alta exigencia laboral. Se mostraron asociadas al estrés en el trabajo: necesidad de acompañamiento psicológico, falta de tiempo para el ocio, tiempo diurno de trabajo, insatisfacción con el lugar de trabajo, necesidad de alejamiento del trabajo por problemas de salud y escala de trabajo insuficiente. Existe la necesidad de buscar mejores condiciones de trabajo y la efectuación de un Servicio de Salud del Trabajador actuante, para minimizar los efectos de las demandas

New phenomena in the standard no-scale supergravity model

CERN Document Server

Kelley, S; Nanopoulos, Dimitri V; Zichichi, Antonino; Kelley, S; Lopez, J L; Nanopoulos, D V; Zichichi, A

1994-01-01

We revisit the no-scale mechanism in the context of the simplest no-scale supergravity extension of the Standard Model. This model has the usual five-dimensional parameter space plus an additional parameter \\xi_{3/2}\\equiv m_{3/2}/m_{1/2}. We show how predictions of the model may be extracted over the whole parameter space. A necessary condition for the potential to be stable is {\\rm Str}{\\cal M}^4>0, which is satisfied if \\bf m_{3/2}\\lsim2 m_{\\tilde q}. Order of magnitude calculations reveal a no-lose theorem guaranteeing interesting and potentially observable new phenomena in the neutral scalar sector of the theory which would constitute a ``smoking gun'' of the no-scale mechanism. This new phenomenology is model-independent and divides into three scenarios, depending on the ratio of the weak scale to the vev at the minimum of the no-scale direction. We also calculate the residual vacuum energy at the unification scale (C_0\\, m^4_{3/2}), and find that in typical models one must require C_0>10. Such constrai...

Grand Mal Seizure

Science.gov (United States)

... grand mal seizures include: A family history of seizure disorders Any injury to the brain from trauma, a ... the risk of birth defects. If you have epilepsy and plan to become pregnant, work with your ...

The Metaphysical and Ontological Symbolism of Total Gravitational ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Having laid a firm foundation in SPACETIME for a detailed analysis of total gravitational collapse, by linking Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity (STR) to the General Theory (GTR) in the context of the Quantum Principle and within the all-embracing framework of GUT (the Grande Unification Theory), we proceed with an ...

Beyond the Standard Model

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2005-01-01

The necessity for new physics beyond the Standard Model will be motivated. Theoretical problems will be exposed and possible solutions will be described. The goal is to present the exciting new physics ideas that will be tested in the near future. Supersymmetry, grand unification, extra dimensions and string theory will be presented.

e+e- collisions at 500 GeV: The physics potential. Pt. C. Proceedings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zerwas, P.M.

1993-12-01

These proceedings contain the articles presented at the named workshop. These concern the production of Higgs bosons, electroweak gauge bosons, top particles, particles required by grand unification, supersymmetric particles in 500 Gev e + e - interactions together with γγ physics and some description of collider detectors. See hints under the relevant topics. (HSI)

The Proactive Grand Strategy for Consensual and Peaceful Korean Unification

Science.gov (United States)

2007-03-01

previous revisionists―I. F. Stone and Karunakar Gupta. I. F. Stone is the first scholar to claim that South Korea provoked North Korea. Leo Huberman and...Longman, 2001), 39. 20 Leo Huberman and Paul M. Sweezy, “Publisher’s Foreword,” in I.F. Stone, The Hidden History of the Korean War (New York...be a sea of fire. Mr. Song, it will probably be difficult for you to survive.”167 Seoul is only 25 miles away from the DMZ and the North Korean

Supersymmetric Grand Unification and Lepton Universality in $K \\to l\

CERN Document Server

Ellis, Jonathan Richard; Raidal, Martti

2009-01-01

in the near future, one may nevertheless obtain significant constraints on the model parameters and unknown aspects of right-handed fermion and sfermion mixing. Motivated by the prospects for an improved test of lepton universality in K -> l \

A Pedagogical Study of the Oyibo's Grand Unification Theorem With ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

With this understanding from pedagogically studying the modelling philosophy and mathematics of the GAGUT, we have been able to recover from it simple standard equations such as in the Fermat principle for geometric optics. This is encouraging and therefore supports the possibility to recover more results and also to ...

Grand-Bassam

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Geo

l'estuaire du fleuve Comoé (Grand-Bassam, Côte d'Ivoire). Kouassi Laurent ADOPO1*, Apie Colette AKOBE1, Etche Mireille AMANI2,. Sylvain MONDE3 et Kouamé AKA3. (1)Laboratoire de Géologie Marine, Sédimentologie et Environnement, Centre de Recherche en Ecologie,. Université Felix Houphouet Boigny Abidjan, ...

Superparticle phenomenology from the natural mini-landscape

Science.gov (United States)

Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Savoy, Michael; Serce, Hasan; Tata, Xerxes

2017-06-01

The methodology of the heterotic mini-landscape attempts to zero in on phenomenologically viable corners of the string landscape where the effective low energy theory is the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with localized grand unification. The gaugino mass pattern is that of mirage-mediation. The magnitudes of various SM Yukawa couplings point to a picture where scalar soft SUSY breaking terms are related to the geography of fields in the compactified dimensions. Higgs fields and third generation scalars extend to the bulk and occur in split multiplets with TeV scale soft masses. First and second generation scalars, localized at orbifold fixed points or tori with enhanced symmetry, occur in complete GUT multiplets and have much larger masses. This picture can be matched onto the parameter space of generalized mirage mediation. Naturalness considerations, the requirement of the observed electroweak symmetry breaking pattern, and LHC bounds on m g together limit the gravitino mass to the m 3/2 ˜ 5-60 TeV range. The mirage unification scale is bounded from below with the limit depending on the ratio of squark to gravitino masses. We show that while natural SUSY in this realization may escape detection even at the high luminosity LHC, the high energy LHC with √{s}=33 TeV could unequivocally confirm or exclude this scenario. It should be possible to detect the expected light higgsinos at the ILC if these are kinematically accessible, and possibly also discriminate the expected compression of gaugino masses in the natural mini-landscape picture from the mass pattern expected in models with gaugino mass unification. The thermal WIMP signal should be accessible via direct detection searches at the multi-ton noble liquid detectors such as XENONnT or LZ.

A Grande Reportagem no contexto informativo SIC

OpenAIRE

Colaço, Vanessa Alexandra Francisco

2014-01-01

Os telespectadores querem ver grandes reportagens? Como evoluíram as audiências da Grande Reportagem SIC? É este o produto premium da estação? Terá este formato um investimento e continuidade garantidas? Estas são algumas das questões formuladas e às quais se procurou dar resposta neste Relatório de Estágio. Neste trabalho traça-se o perfil do programa Grande Reportagem SIC, clarificando a linha editorial que lhe serviu de base, procurando perceber as suas dinâmicas e passando em revista mome...

Profumo di SUSY: Suggestive Correlations in the ATLAS and CMS High Jet Multiplicity Data

CERN Document Server

Li, Tianjun; Nanopoulos, Dimitri V; Walker, Joel W

2011-01-01

We present persistently amassing evidence that the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations may indeed be already registering supersymmetry events at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Our analysis is performed in the context of a highly phenomenologically favorable model named No-Scale F-SU(5), which represents the unification of the F-lipped SU(5) Grand Unified Theory (GUT), two pairs of hypothetical TeV-scale vector-like supersymmetric multiplets derived out of F-Theory, and the dynamically established boundary conditions of No-Scale supergravity. We document highly suggestive correlations between the first inverse femtobarn of observations by CMS and ATLAS, where seductive excesses in multijet events, particularly those with nine or more jets, are unambiguously accounted for by a precision Monte-Carlo simulation of the F-SU(5) model space. This intimate correspondence is optimized by a unified gaugino mass in the neighborhood of M_{1/2}=518 GeV. We supplement this analysis by extrapolating for the expected data profile...

CHAIRMEN'S PREFACE AND EDITORS' NOTE: Unification of Fundamental Interactions

Science.gov (United States)

Brink, Lars; Nilsson, Jan S.; Salomonson, Per; Skagerstam, Bo-Sture

1987-01-01

Chairmen's PrefaceIn 1984 we obtained a grant from the Nobel Foundation to organize a Nobel Symposium on "Unification of the Fundamental Interactions". In our proposal which we submitted in the fall of 1983 we stated that we wanted to cover the various attempts to unification such as GUT'S, supergravity, Kaluza-Klein theories and superstrings. What has happened in particle physics since then is already history. With the realization that certain superstring theories could be anomaly free, it became clear that these models could encompass earlier attempts to unification as well as solving the fundamental problem of quantum gravity. The excitement that some of us had felt for some time now spread through most of the particle physics community and this excitement certainly was evident during the Symposium. With the international advisory committee we originally chose a list of around 30 invitees which could best represent the various subjects listed above. When it came to the final planning of the programme essentially all talks dealt with superstrings! We were very fortunate that almost all of the invitees managed to come to the Symposium. From the western world only three were unable to participate, André Neveu, Steven Weinberg and Bruno Zumino. We certainly missed them during the meeting. We were particularly happy that Stephen Hawking managed to take part actively. Our real problem was to get participants from the Soviet Union. Out of eight invitations only one came through. We were very happy to have Renata Kallosh, who really did her utmost to enlighten us about not only her own work but also about recent progress in the USSR, However, we were very sorry that in spite of all our letters, telegrammes and endless attempts to get telephone calls through and despite the good relations between the Swedish and Soviet Academies of Sciences we had to miss Ludwig Faddeev, Valodja Gribov, Andrej Linde, Victor Ogievetsky, Sasha Polyakov, Misha Shifman and Arkadij

La réfrigération des grandes machines supraconductrices

Science.gov (United States)

Gistau, Guy

1991-02-01

The large scale superconducting devices which are now in operation for deviation of heavy particles, acceleration of light particles or plasma confinement need very large powers of refrigeration. After a short survewing of the different functions of refrigerators and the special requirements for large units, the paper describes some existing or envisaged cooling systems which have an equivalent cooling power in the range of 5 kW at 4.5 K. Les grands appareils de physique utilisant les supraconducteurs demandent des puissances cryogéniques de plus en plus importantes. Après un examen des fonctions élémentaires assurées par un réfrigérateur liées au cahier des charges spécifique à chaque utilisation, les spécificités des grosses unités de réfrigération (fiabilité, efficacité, flexibilité, automatisme) sont mises en évidence. Les solutions proposées dans plusieurs grands projets nécessitant des puissances froides supérieures à 5 kW à 4,5 K sont discutées.

General analysis of corrections to the standard seesaw formula in grand unified models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barr, S.M.; Kyae, Bumseok

2004-01-01

In realistic grand unified models there are typically extra vectorlike matter multiplets at the GUT-scale that are needed to explain the family hierarchy. These contain neutrinos that, when integrated out, can modify the usual neutrino seesaw formula. A general analysis is given. It is noted that such modifications can explain why the neutrinos do not exhibit a strong family hierarchy like the other types of fermions

Why is the supersymmetry breaking scale unnaturally high?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Feldstein, Brian, E-mail: bfeldste@gmail.com [Kavli IPMU, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8583 (Japan); Yanagida, Tsutomu T. [Kavli IPMU, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8583 (Japan)

2013-03-13

Evidence is mounting that natural supersymmetry at the weak scale is not realized in nature. On the other hand, string theory suggests that supersymmetry may be present at some energy scale, and gauge coupling unification implies that energy scale may be relatively low. A puzzling question is then why nature would prefer a low, but not completely natural supersymmetry breaking scale. Here we offer one possible explanation, which simultaneously addresses also the strong CP and μ problems. We introduce an axion, and suppose that the Peccei–Quinn and supersymmetry breaking scales are connected. If we further assume that R-parity is not conserved, then the axion is required to be dark matter, and the Peccei–Quinn/supersymmetry breaking scale is required to be at least ∼10{sup 12} GeV. Gravity mediation then yields scalar superpartners with masses of at least ∼100 TeV. The gauginos are likely to obtain loop-factor suppressed masses through anomaly mediation and higgsino threshold corrections, and thus may be accessible at the LHC. The axion should be probed at phase II of the ADMX experiment, and signs of R-parity violation may be seen in the properties of the gauginos.

Supersymmetric models and their phenomenology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ross, G.G.

1995-01-01

The prospects for unification of the Standard Model are considered and the need for supersymmetry discussed. The prediction of the gauge couplings, the electroweak breaking scale, the fermion masses and the dark matter abundance are all consistent with simple unification if there is a stage of supersymmetric unification below the TeV scale. The prospects for discovery of the new SUSY states is considered, both in the minimal supersymmetric standard model and in non-minimal extensions. (author)

Las cinco grandes dimensiones de la personalidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jan ter Laak

1996-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo revisa las distintas posiciones teóricas sobre las cinco grandes dimensiones de la personalidad, mostrando las semejanzas y diferencias entre las posturas teóricas. Esta contribución presenta lo siguiente: (a la génesis del contenido y la estructura de las cinco dimensiones; (b la fortaleza de las cinco dimensiones; (e la relación de las cinco grandes dimensiones con otros constructos de personalidad; (d discute el valor predictivo de las puntuaciones del perfil de las cinco dimensiones para criterios pertinentes; (e analiza el estatus teórico de las cinco dimensiones; (f discute críticas históricas sobre las cinco grandes dimensiones y se formulan respuestas a estas críticas; (g hace conjeturas para el futuro de las cinco grandes dimensiones; y (h concluye con algunas conclusiones y comentarios.

Exceptional groups and elementary-particle structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Biedenharn, L.C.; Truini, P.

1981-09-01

A new finite-dimensional quantum mechanical space is constructed over the complex octonionic plane using the recently developed algebraic techniques of Jordan pairs and inner ideals. The automorphism group of this structure is E 6 x U(1), realized on precisely two E 6 irreps which is abstracted as a (topless) model for grand unification

From the numerics of dynamics to the dynamics of numerics and visa versa in high energy particle physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhong Ting

2009-01-01

Starting from the concepts of statistical symmetry we consider different aspects of the connections between nonlinear dynamics and high energy physics. We pay special attention to the interplay between number theory and dynamics. We subsequently utilize the so obtained insight to compute vital constants relevant to the program of grand unification and quantum gravity.

A multi-dimensional analysis of the upper Rio Grande-San Luis Valley social-ecological system

Science.gov (United States)

Mix, Ken

The Upper Rio Grande (URG), located in the San Luis Valley (SLV) of southern Colorado, is the primary contributor to streamflow to the Rio Grande Basin, upstream of the confluence of the Rio Conchos at Presidio, TX. The URG-SLV includes a complex irrigation-dependent agricultural social-ecological system (SES), which began development in 1852, and today generates more than 30% of the SLV revenue. The diversions of Rio Grande water for irrigation in the SLV have had a disproportionate impact on the downstream portion of the river. These diversions caused the flow to cease at Ciudad Juarez, Mexico in the late 1880s, creating international conflict. Similarly, low flows in New Mexico and Texas led to interstate conflict. Understanding changes in the URG-SLV that led to this event and the interactions among various drivers of change in the URG-SLV is a difficult task. One reason is that complex social-ecological systems are adaptive, contain feedbacks, emergent properties, cross-scale linkages, large-scale dynamics and non-linearities. Further, most analyses of SES to date have been qualitative, utilizing conceptual models to understand driver interactions. This study utilizes both qualitative and quantitative techniques to develop an innovative approach for analyzing driver interactions in the URG-SLV. Five drivers were identified for the URG-SLV social-ecological system: water (streamflow), water rights, climate, agriculture, and internal and external water policy. The drivers contained several longitudes (data aspect) relevant to the system, except water policy, for which only discreet events were present. Change point and statistical analyses were applied to the longitudes to identify quantifiable changes, to allow detection of cross-scale linkages between drivers, and presence of feedback cycles. Agricultural was identified as the driver signal. Change points for agricultural expansion defined four distinct periods: 1852--1923, 1924--1948, 1949--1978 and 1979

Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center

Science.gov (United States)

Hamill, John F.

2009-01-01

The Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, one of the world's most spectacular gorges, is a premier U.S. National Park and a World Heritage Site. The canyon supports a diverse array of distinctive plants and animals and contains cultural resources significant to the region's Native Americans. About 15 miles upstream of Grand Canyon National Park sits Glen Canyon Dam, completed in 1963, which created Lake Powell. The dam provides hydroelectric power for 200 wholesale customers in six western States, but it has also altered the Colorado River's flow, temperature, and sediment-carrying capacity. Over time this has resulted in beach erosion, invasion and expansion of nonnative species, and losses of native fish. Public concern about the effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations prompted the passage of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, which directs the Secretary of the Interior to operate the dam 'to protect, mitigate adverse impacts to, and improve values for which Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area were established...' This legislation also required the creation of a long-term monitoring and research program to provide information that could inform decisions related to dam operations and protection of downstream resources.

Superunification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ellis, J.; Zumino, B.; Gaillard, M.K.

1981-09-01

We explore scenarios for exploiting supersymmetry in unified field theories. Supersymmetry must be broken at some level, and we discuss theories with different supergaps. In particular we review the possibility that the hierarchy problem may be alleviated in simply supersymmetric grand unified theories, thanks to certain non-renormalization theorems. Supersymmetric grand unified theories are not truly unified since the supersymmetry generators do not carry internal quantum numbers and gravity is not included. We therefore favour unification in extended supergravity theories, and analize possible schemes of this type, including the possibility that one supersymmetry is retained down to low energies in the form of a supersymmetric GUT. A major problem of unification in extended supergravity theories is the disposal of unwanted helicity states, and we propose some new ideas for achieving this. Our favoured approach postulates the existence in the physical spectrum of infinite-dimensional unitary representations of the noncompact symmetry groups of extended supergravities. Such representations could enable the unwanted helicity states to be paired off, leaving a desirable spectrum of states with masses much less than the Planck mass

Some speculations on a causal unification of relativity, gravitation, and quantum mechanics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buonomano, V; Engel, A [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Brazil). Instituto de Matematica

1976-03-01

Some speculations on a causal model that could provide a common conceptual foundation for relativity, gravitation, and quantum mechanics are presented. The present approach is a unification of three theories, the first being the repulsive theory of gravitational forces first proposed by Lesage who attempted to explain gravitational forces from the principle of conservation of momentum of the hypothetical particles gravitons. The second of these theories is the Brownian motion theory of quantum mechanics or stochastic mechanics, which treats the nondeterministic nature of quantum mechanics as being due to a Brownian motion of all objects. This Brownian motion being caused by the statistical variation in the graviton flux. The above two theories are unified in this article with the causal theory of special relativity. The Big Bang theory of the creation of the Universe is assumed. An experimental test is proposed.

Pramana – Journal of Physics | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Such states offer an interesting alternative possibility for new physics at the TeV scale, even when the scale of gauge coupling unification remains high, and suggest that it may be possible to probe GUT physics directly even within the context of high-scale gauge coupling unification. More generally, our results also suggest ...

Next Generation Innovation Policy and Grand Challenges

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kuhlmann, Stefan; Rip, Arie

2018-01-01

The paper explores transformative ways to address Grand Challenges, while locating them in a broader diagnosis of ongoing changes. Coping with Grand Challenges is a challenge in its own right, for policy as well as for science, technology, and innovation actors. The paper presents building blocks

28 milliards d’euros, c’est grand comment ?

OpenAIRE

Ozer, Pierre; Salmon, Marc; Theunissen, Yannick

2009-01-01

J’ouvre mon quotidien. Fortis : 28 milliards d’euros de pertes en 2008. Ma fille de sept ans qui commence à lire et pose sans cesse des questions sur tout me lance : « Dis-moi, papa : 28 milliards d’euros, c’est grand comment ? ». Grande question… Je réfléchis et tente de trouver une parade parlante pour un enfant qui, in fine, se pose les mêmes questions que les grandes personnes.

Predictions of the Higgs mass and the weak mixing angle in the 6D gauge-Higgs unification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hasegawa, Kouhei; Lim, Chong-Sa; Maru, Nobuhito

2016-01-01

In the gauge-Higgs unification with multiple extra spaces, the Higgs self-coupling is on the order of g 2 and the Higgs boson is predicted to be light, being consistent with the LHC results. When the gauge group is simple, the weak mixing angle is also predictable. We address a question on whether there exists a model of gauge-Higgs unification in six-dimensional space-time, which successfully predicts the mass ratios of the Higgs boson and weak gauge bosons. First, using a useful formula, we give a general argument on the condition for obtaining a realistic prediction of the weak mixing angle sin 2 θ W = 1/4, and find that triplet and sextet representations of the minimal SU(3) gauge group lead to the realistic prediction. Concerning the Higgs mass, we notice that, in the models with one Higgs doublet, the predicted Higgs mass is always the same: M H = 2M W . However, by extending our discussion to the models with two Higgs doublets, the situation changes: we obtain an interesting prediction M H ≤ 2M W at the leading order of the perturbation. Thus, it is possible to recover the observed Higgs mass, 125 GeV, for a suitable choice of the parameter. The situation is in clear contrast to the case of the minimal supersymmetric standard model, where M H ≤ M Z at the classical level and the predicted Higgs mass cannot recover the observed value. (author)

From b → sγ to the LSP detection rates in minimal string unification models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khalil, S.; Masiero, A.; Shafi, Q.

1997-04-01

We exploit the measured branching ratio for b → sγ to derive lower limits on the sparticle and Higgs masses in the minimal string unification models. For the LSP ('bino'), chargino and the lightest Higgs, these turn out to be 50, 90 and 75 GeV respectively. Taking account of the upper bounds on the mass spectrum from the LSP relic abundance, we estimate the direct detection rate for the latter to vary from 10 -1 to 10 -4 events/kg/day. The muon flux, produced by neutrinos from the annihilating LSP's, varies in the range 10 -2 - 10 -9 muons/m 2 /day. (author). 26 refs, 9 figs

The anomalous U(1){sub anom} symmetry and flavors from an SU(5) x SU(5){sup '} GUT in Z{sub 12-I} orbifold compactification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Jihn E. [Kyung Hee University, Department of Physics, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (IBS), Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Kyae, Bumseok [Pusan National University, Department of Physics, Busan (Korea, Republic of); Nam, Soonkeon [Kyung Hee University, Department of Physics, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2017-12-15

In string compactifications, frequently the anomalous U(1) gauge symmetry appears which belongs to E{sub 8} x E{sub 8}{sup '} of the heterotic string. This anomalous U(1) gauge boson obtains mass at the compactification scale (∼ 10{sup 18} GeV) by absorbing one pseudoscalar (corresponding to the model-independent axion) from the second rank antisymmetric tensor field B{sub MN}. Below the compactification scale a global symmetry U(1){sub anom} results whose charge Q{sub anom} is the original gauge U(1) charge. This is the most natural global symmetry, realizing the ''invisible'' axion. This global symmetry U(1){sub anom} is suitable for a flavor symmetry. In the simplest compactification model with the flipped SU(5) grand unification, all the low energy parameters are calculated in terms of the vacuum expectation values of the standard model singlets. (orig.)

Introduction to physics beyond the Standard Model

CERN Document Server

Giudice, Gian Francesco

1998-01-01

These lectures will give an introductory review of the main ideas behind the attempts to extend the standard-model description of elementary particle interactions. After analysing the conceptual motivations that lead us to blieve in the existence of an underlying fundamental theory, wi will discuss the present status of various theoretical constructs : grand unification, supersymmetry and technicolour.

Exceptional groups and elementary-particle structures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biedenharn, L.C.; Truini, P.

1981-09-01

A new finite-dimensional quantum mechanical space is constructed over the complex octonionic plane using the recently developed algebraic techniques of Jordan pairs and inner ideals. The automorphism group of this structure is E/sub 6/ x U(1), realized on precisely two E/sub 6/ irreps which is abstracted as a (topless) model for grand unification.

Lepton flavor violation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cooper, M.D. Brooks, M.; Hogan, G.E.

1997-01-01

The connection of rare decays to supersymmetric grand unification is highlighted, and a review of the status of rare decay experiments is given. Plans for future investigations of processes that violate lepton flavor are discussed. A new result from the MEGA experiment, a search for μ + → e + γ, is reported to be B.R. -11 with 90% confidence

μ+ → e+γ and related rare decays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cooper, M.D.

1997-01-01

The connection of rare decays to supersymmetric grand unification is highlighted, and a brief review of the status of rare decay experiments is given. The status of the MEGA experiment, a search for μ + → e + γ, is reported. Some ideas for a new experimental arrangement that has the potential to reach a sensitivity of 10 -14 are presented

Beyond the Standard Model course

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva HR-RFA

2006-01-01

The necessity for new physics beyond the Standard Model will be motivated. Theoretical problems will be exposed and possible solutions will be described. The goal is to present the exciting new physics ideas that will be tested in the near future, at LHC and elsewhere. Supersymmetry, grand unification, extra dimensions and a glimpse of string theory will be presented.

Where are we in particle physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Treiman, S.B.

1981-01-01

The author gives a brief description of the current status of high energy physics regarding quantum chromodynamics and the unified theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions. In this connection the mass generation of leptons and quarks by spontaneous symmetry breaking is considered. Finally an outlook is given to grand unification with special regards to the proton decay. (HSI).

Can the family group be a global symmetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reiss, D.B.

1982-01-01

We consider the possibility that the family group may be a spontaneously broken continuous global symmetry. In the context of grand unification, the couplings of the associated Goldstone bosons to fermions can be sufficiently suppressed so as to satisfy the phenomenological bounds. For a maximal family symmetry this requires a large number of Higgs fields. (orig.)

Vigilando la Calidad del Agua de los Grandes Rios de la Nacion: El Programa NASQAN del Rio Grande (Rio Bravo del Norte)

Science.gov (United States)

Lurry, Dee L.; Reutter, David C.; Wells, Frank C.; Rivera, M.C.; Munoz, A.

1998-01-01

La Oficina del Estudio Geologico de los Estados Unidos (U.S. Geological Survey, 0 USGS) ha monitoreado la calidad del agua de la cuenca del Rio Grande (Rio Bravo del Norte) desde 1995 como parte de la rediseiiada Red Nacional para Contabilizar la Calidad del Agua de los Rios (National Stream Quality Accounting Network, o NASOAN) (Hooper and others, 1997). EI programa NASOAN fue diseiiado para caracterizar las concentraciones y el transporte de sedimento y constituyentes quimicos seleccionados, encontrados en los grandes rios de los Estados Unidos - incluyendo el Misisipi, el Colorado y el Columbia, ademas del Rio Grande. En estas cuatro cuencas, el USGS opera actualmente (1998) una red de 40 puntos de muestreo pertenecientes a NASOAN, con un enfasis en cuantificar el flujo en masa (la cantidad de material que pasa por la estacion, expresado en toneladas por dial para cada constituyente. Aplicacando un enfoque consistente, basado en la cuantificacion de flujos en la cuenca del Rio Grande, el programa NASOAN esta generando la informacion necesaria para identificar fuentes regionales de diversos contaminantes, incluyendo sustancias qui micas agricolas y trazas elementos en la cuenca. EI efecto de las grandes reservas en el Rio Grande se puede observar segun los flujos de constituyentes discurren a 10 largo del rio. EI analisis de los flujos de constituyentes a escala de la cuenca proveera los medios para evaluar la influencia de la actividad humana sobre las condiciones de calidad del agua del Rio Grande.

The Story of the Universe

CERN Multimedia

CMS Outreach

2003-01-01

These pages were extracted from the 2003 CMS Experiment Brochure. These pages explain the story of our universe and how it was formed over time. All explanations are coupled with simple colorful illustrations, one per sheet. Each can be used as an individual teaching aid or together as a set. Topics covered: - Quantum Gravity Era- Grand Unification Era - Electro Weak Era - Protons and Neutrons Formation- Nuclei formation- Atoms and Light Era - Galaxy Formation - Today Humans wondering where this all came from- The Size of Things - Instruments and the observables- Particles (Leptons & Quarks) -Forces - Interactions: coupling of forces to matter - Short history and new frontiers - Unification of forces - Summary (includes timeline of theories/discoveries)

Grandes cocinas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

García de Castro, Emilio

1957-11-01

Full Text Available Se describen en este artículo una serie de aparatos para grandes cocinas, vistos por los autores durante un rápido viaje por Alemania. Aprovechando los datos obtenidos se analizan brevemente las necesidades de una gran cocina moderna, comentando los planos de las instalaciones en varios hoteles o instituciones de todo el mundo. La mayoría de la información.

Results from KASCADE–Grande

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bertaina, M.; Apel, W.D.; Arteaga-Velázquez, J.C.; Bekk, K.; Blümer, J.; Bozdog, H.; Brancus, I.M.; Buchholz, P.; Cantoni, E.; Chiavassa, A.; Cossavella, F.

2012-01-01

The KASCADE–Grande experiment, located at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany) is a multi-component extensive air-shower experiment devoted to the study of cosmic rays and their interactions at primary energies 10 14 –10 18 eV. Main goals of the experiment are the measurement of the all-particle energy spectrum and mass composition in the 10 16 –10 18 eV range by sampling charged (N ch ) and muon (N μ ) components of the air shower. The method to derive the energy spectrum and its uncertainties, as well as the implications of the obtained result, is discussed. An overview of the analyses performed by KASCADE–Grande to derive the mass composition of the measured high-energy comic rays is presented as well.

Status of the top-quark

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hill, C.T.

1981-10-01

Exactly two years ago at the 1979 Lepton, Photon Symposium at Fermilab, Mary K. Gaillard presented a histogram showing the number of papers predicting a given value of toponium mass as a function of mass. I have translated this into the t-quark mass and presented it including several other bounds arising from an assortment of physical principles and arguments. These include Veltman's rho-parameter bound, a well-known bound from grand unification due to Cabibbo, Maiani, Parisi and Petronzio, and considerations of Higgs potential stability and unitarity. The central popular mechanism for generating t-quark mass predictions, you will recall, was to employ discrete symmetries in the Higgs sector of left-right symmetric models, leading to a central popular prediction of m approx. 15 GeV. It should be noted that discrete symmetries can lead to larger values (and smaller ones), but clearly with diminished unanimity. We should also mention independent ideas which presume a basic universal ratio of m/sup (+2/3)//m/sup (-1/3)/ for all generations and lead to a prediction of m approx. 26 GeV. In the intervening two years physicists have kept busy generating new t-quark mass predictions and Petra has pushed the lower bound up to approx. 18.5 GeV. New physical ideas have emerged which now focus more directly upon dynamical aspects of grand-unification. uv versus ir behavior of field theory, and nonlinear renormalization group equations with quasi-fixed point behavior. Some of these ideas make statements about hypothetical fourth generation fermion masses. These ideas are reviewed with an eye to statements one can make about mass scales beyond the third generation, as well

Grand Hotel prijutil hudozhnikov

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2004-01-01

Raadioajakirjanik Lea Veelmaa lindistas "Kunstikanali" 2004. a. esimese saate Grand Hotel Viljandis. Saatekülaliseks oli maalikunstnik Andres Tolts. Toltsi kaheksa akrüülmaali on eksponeeritud hotelli fuajees ja restoranis

Gauge hierarchy problem and a nonscaling SU(5) model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tajnov, Eh.A.

1987-01-01

It is shown that the problems of gauge hierarchy anf Higgs hierarchy have a common origin, and a way is proposed for their combined solution in a no-scale supersymmetric SU(5) gauge model, related to the N=1 supergravity. A reason of appearance of the grand unification scale, M G , is the dimensional transmutation owing to quantum corrections to the classical potential. In this model, the Higgs hierarchy is established automatically by means of the singlet mechanism, which does not require a fine tuning of the superpotential parameters. The effective potential for the singlet field X has a minimum at =M G =2.2x10 16 GeV. The scale parameter M G does not depend on the gravitino mass and initial values of the Yukawa coupling constants but depends on initial values of the gauge constant α -1 (0)=22.7 and on the trilinear supergravity constant A=1.84 at a scale M=M p /√8π=2.43x10 18 GeV

The GRANDE detector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adams, A.; Bond, R.; Coleman, L.; Rollefson, A.; Wold, D.; Bratton, C.B.; Gurr, H.; Kropp, W.; Nelson, M.; Price, L.R.; Reines, F.; Schultz, J.; Sobel, H.; Svoboda, R.; Yodh, G.; Burnett, T.; Chaloupka, V.; Wilkes, R.J.; Cherry, M.; Ellison, S.B.; Guzik, T.G.; Wefel, J.; Gaidos, J.; Loeffler, F.; Sembroski, G.; Wilson, C.; Goodman, J.; Haines, T.J.; Kielczewska, D.; Lane, C.; Steinberg, R.; Lieber, M.; Nagle, D.; Potter, M.; Tripp, R.

1990-01-01

In this paper we present a detector facility which meets the requirements outlined above for a next-generation instrument. GRANDE (Gamma Ray and Neutrino DEtector) is an imaging, water Cerenkov detector, which combines in one facility an extensive air shower array and a high-energy neutrino detector. (orig.)

Grand Fir Nutrient Management in the Inland Northwestern USA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dennis R. Parent

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Grand fir (Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don Lindley is widely distributed in the moist forests of the Inland Northwest. It has high potential productivity, its growth being nearly equal to western white pine, the most productive species in the region. There are large standing volumes of grand fir in the region. Nutritionally, the species has higher foliage cation concentrations than associated conifers, especially potassium (K and calcium (Ca. In contrast, it has lower nitrogen (N foliage concentrations, which creates favorable nutrient balance on N-limited sites. Despite concentration differences, grand fir stores proportionally more nutrients per tree than associated species because of greater crown biomass. Although few fertilization trials have examined grand fir specifically, its response is inferred from its occurrence in many monitored mixed conifer stands. Fertilization trials including grand fir either as a major or minor component show that it has a strong diameter and height growth response ranging from 15% to 50% depending in part on site moisture availability and soil geology. Grand fir tends to have a longer response duration than other inland conifers. When executed concurrently with thinning, fertilization often increases the total response. Late rotation application of N provides solid investment returns in carefully selected stands. Although there are still challenges with the post-fertilization effects on tree mortality, grand fir will continue to be an important species with good economic values and beneficial responses to fertilization and nutrient management.

The minimal GUT with inflaton and dark matter unification

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Heng-Yu; Gogoladze, Ilia; Hu, Shan; Li, Tianjun; Wu, Lina

2018-01-01

Giving up the solutions to the fine-tuning problems, we propose the non-supersymmetric flipped SU(5)× U(1)_X model based on the minimal particle content principle, which can be constructed from the four-dimensional SO(10) models, five-dimensional orbifold SO(10) models, and local F-theory SO(10) models. To achieve gauge coupling unification, we introduce one pair of vector-like fermions, which form a complete SU(5)× U(1)_X representation. The proton lifetime is around 5× 10^{35} years, neutrino masses and mixing can be explained via the seesaw mechanism, baryon asymmetry can be generated via leptogenesis, and the vacuum stability problem can be solved as well. In particular, we propose that inflaton and dark matter particles can be unified to a real scalar field with Z_2 symmetry, which is not an axion and does not have the non-minimal coupling to gravity. Such a kind of scenarios can be applied to the generic scalar dark matter models. Also, we find that the vector-like particle corrections to the B_s^0 masses might be about 6.6%, while their corrections to the K^0 and B_d^0 masses are negligible.

The minimal GUT with inflaton and dark matter unification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Heng-Yu; Gogoladze, Ilia [University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, DE (United States); Hu, Shan [Hubei University, Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Wuhan (China); Li, Tianjun [Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Beijing (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, Beijing (China); Wu, Lina [Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Beijing (China); University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, School of Physical Electronics, Chengdu (China)

2018-01-15

Giving up the solutions to the fine-tuning problems, we propose the non-supersymmetric flipped SU(5) x U(1){sub X} model based on the minimal particle content principle, which can be constructed from the four-dimensional SO(10) models, five-dimensional orbifold SO(10) models, and local F-theory SO(10) models. To achieve gauge coupling unification, we introduce one pair of vector-like fermions, which form a complete SU(5) x U(1){sub X} representation. The proton lifetime is around 5 x 10{sup 35} years, neutrino masses and mixing can be explained via the seesaw mechanism, baryon asymmetry can be generated via leptogenesis, and the vacuum stability problem can be solved as well. In particular, we propose that inflaton and dark matter particles can be unified to a real scalar field with Z{sub 2} symmetry, which is not an axion and does not have the non-minimal coupling to gravity. Such a kind of scenarios can be applied to the generic scalar dark matter models. Also, we find that the vector-like particle corrections to the B{sub s}{sup 0} masses might be about 6.6%, while their corrections to the K{sup 0} and B{sub d}{sup 0} masses are negligible. (orig.)

L’Autriche face à la réunification allemande

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gérard Grelle

2012-11-01

Full Text Available La chute du Mur de Berlin, en 1989, fut certes pour l’Autriche un événement politique majeur, mais pas plus important que la fin du rideau de fer. En effet, quasiment « enclavée » entre plusieurs pays socialistes, l’Autriche considéra la disparition du rideau de fer comme une ouverture sans limite aux pays d’Europe Centrale et de l’Est. Au cours des vingt années qui suivirent ces événements, l’Autriche a largement contribué au développement politique, économique et social des pays de l’Est en pratiquant une politique d’échanges économiques et financiers avec ces pays afin d’aider à leur reconstruction. Dans un tel contexte, la chute du Mur de Berlin et la réunification allemande ont été appréhendées comme un simple élément du puzzle de la reconstruction européenne. Une telle stratégie a alors permis à l’Autriche de sortir définitivement de son inquiétude face à la persistance d’un danger « annexionniste » de la part de l’Allemagne.

Radon barrier field-test monitoring at Grand Junction tailings pile

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Freeman, H.D.; Hartley, J.N.; Gee, G.W.

1983-11-01

Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), as part of the Department of Energy (DOE) Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project (UMTRAP) technology development program, has conducted three large-scale field tests of radon covers at the uranium mill tailings pile in Grand Junction, Colorado. The barrier systems, monitored for radon flux for over two years, include earthen, multilayer, and asphalt emulsion covers. Results of the monitoring have shown that a variety of cover systems can meet the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard. The most effective covers tested were asphalt emulsion and earthen (mancos shale). 10 references, 7 figures, 1 table