Major Cognitive Changes and Micrographia following Globus Pallidus Infarct

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Sarah Nelson

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Importance. Globus pallidus (GP lesions are well known to cause motor deficits but are less commonly—and perhaps not conclusively—associated with cognitive problems. Observations. We present a 45-year-old male with no significant neurological or psychological problems who after suffering a GP infarct was subsequently found to have substantial cognitive problems and micrographia. Formal neuropsychological testing was not possible due to lack of patient follow-up. Conclusions and Relevance. Despite the conflicting literature on the association of GP lesions and cognitive deficits, our patient demonstrated significant neuropsychological changes following his stroke. In addition, evidence of micrographia likely adds to the literature on the localization of this finding. Our case thus suggests that neuropsychological testing may be beneficial after GP strokes.

Optimal MRI methods for direct stereotactic targeting of the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

O'Gorman, Ruth L.; Shmueli, Karin; Ashkan, Keyoumars; Selway, Richard P.; Samuel, Michael; Lythgoe, David J.; Shahidiani, Asal; Wastling, Stephen J.; Footman, Michelle; Jarosz, Jozef

2011-01-01

Reliable identification of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus interna (GPi) is critical for deep brain stimulation (DBS) of these structures. The purpose of this study was to compare the visibility of the STN and GPi with various MRI techniques and to assess the suitability of each technique for direct stereotactic targeting. MR images were acquired from nine volunteers with T2- and proton density-weighted (PD-W) fast spin echo, susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), phase-sensitive inversion recovery and quantitative T1, T2 and T2 * mapping sequences. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) for the STN and GPi were calculated for all sequences. Targeting errors on SWI were evaluated on magnetic susceptibility maps. The sequences demonstrating the best conspicuity of DBS target structures (SWI and T2*) were then applied to ten patients with movement disorders, and the CNRs for these techniques were assessed. SWI offers the highest CNR for the STN, but standard PD-W images provide the best CNR for the pallidum. Susceptibility maps indicated that the GPi margins may be shifted slightly on SWI, although no shifts were seen for the STN. SWI may improve the visibility of the STN on pre-operative MRI, potentially improving the accuracy of direct stereotactic targeting. (orig.)

Frontal lobe syndrome from bilateral globus pallidus lesions a complication of Wernicke's encephalopathy

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Arruda, Walter Oleschko

1991-01-01

A 38 year-old man developed the classical clinical picture of Wernicke's encephalopathy as a consequence of prolonged total parenteral nutrition. As a late complication he developed a frontal lobe syndrome. Bilateral globus pallidus lesions were observed in the CT-scan examination. Some aspects related to the cortical syndromes caused by subcortical lesions are discussed. Relata-se um caso de encefalopatia de Wernicke que ocorreu em paciente masculino de 38 anos, como complicação de alimen...

High Signal Intensity in the Dentate Nucleus and Globus Pallidus on Unenhanced T1-Weighted MR Images: Comparison between Gadobutrol and Linear Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents.

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Moser, F G; Watterson, C T; Weiss, S; Austin, M; Mirocha, J; Prasad, R; Wang, J

2018-02-01

In view of the recent observations that gadolinium deposits in brain tissue after intravenous injection, our aim of this study was to compare signal changes in the globus pallidus and dentate nucleus on unenhanced T1-weighted MR images in patients receiving serial doses of gadobutrol, a macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent, with those seen in patients receiving linear gadolinium-based contrast agents. This was a retrospective analysis of on-site patients with brain tumors. Fifty-nine patients received only gadobutrol, and 60 patients received only linear gadolinium-based contrast agents. Linear gadolinium-based contrast agents included gadoversetamide, gadobenate dimeglumine, and gadodiamide. T1 signal intensity in the globus pallidus, dentate nucleus, and pons was measured on the precontrast portions of patients' first and seventh brain MRIs. Ratios of signal intensity comparing the globus pallidus with the pons (globus pallidus/pons) and dentate nucleus with the pons (dentate nucleus/pons) were calculated. Changes in the above signal intensity ratios were compared within the gadobutrol and linear agent groups, as well as between groups. The dentate nucleus/pons signal ratio increased in the linear gadolinium-based contrast agent group ( t = 4.215, P linear gadolinium-based contrast agent group ( t = 2.931, P linear gadolinium-based contrast agents. © 2018 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.

Left globus pallidus abnormality in never-medicated patients with schizophrenia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Early, T.S.; Reiman, E.M.; Raichle, M.E.; Spitznagel, E.L.

1987-01-01

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by onset in young adulthood, the occurrence of hallucinations and delusions, and the development of enduring psychosocial disability. The pathophysiology of this disorder remains unknown. Studies of cerebral blood flow and metabolism designed to identify brain abnormalities in schizophrenia have been limited by inadequate methods of anatomical localization and the possibility of persistent medication effects. The authors have now used positron emission tomography and a validated method of anatomical localization in an attempt to identify abnormalities of regional cerebral blood flow in newly diagnosed never-medicated patients with schizophrenia. An exploratory study of 5 patients and 10 normal control subjects identified abnormally high blood flow in the left globus pallidus of patients with schizophrenia. A replication study of 5 additional patients and 10 additional control subjects confirmed this finding. No other abnormalities were found

Adenosine A2A Receptor Modulates the Activity of Globus Pallidus Neurons in Rats

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Hui-Ling Diao

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The globus pallidus is a central nucleus in the basal ganglia motor control circuit. Morphological studies have revealed the expression of adenosine A2A receptors in the globus pallidus. To determine the modulation of adenosine A2A receptors on the activity of pallidal neurons in both normal and parkinsonian rats, in vivo electrophysiological and behavioral tests were performed in the present study. The extracellular single unit recordings showed that micro-pressure administration of adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CGS21680, regulated the pallidal firing activity. GABAergic neurotransmission was involved in CGS21680-induced modulation of pallidal neurons via a PKA pathway. Furthermore, application of two adenosine A2A receptor antagonists, KW6002 or SCH442416, mainly increased the spontaneous firing of pallidal neurons, suggesting that endogenous adenosine system modulates the activity of pallidal neurons through adenosine A2A receptors. Finally, elevated body swing test (EBST showed that intrapallidal microinjection of adenosine A2A receptor agonist/antagonist induced ipsilateral/contralateral-biased swing, respectively. In addition, the electrophysiological and behavioral findings also revealed that activation of dopamine D2 receptors by quinpirole strengthened KW6002/SCH442416-induced excitation of pallidal activity. Co-application of quinpirole with KW6002 or SCH442416 alleviated biased swing in hemi-parkinsonian rats. Based on the present findings, we concluded that pallidal adenosine A2A receptors may be potentially useful in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

New MRI findings in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: high signal in the globus pallidus on T 1-weighted images

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Priester, J.A. de; Wilmink, J.T.; Jansen, G.H.; Kruijk, J.R. de

1999-01-01

We report a 49-year-old woman with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). In addition to typical high-signal lesions on proton-density and T 2-weighted images there was high signal in the globus pallidus bilaterally on T 1-weighted images. The latter feature has not been described previously and probably due to deposition of prion protein, as found at autopsy. (orig.)

New MRI findings in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: high signal in the globus pallidus on T 1-weighted images

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Priester, J.A. de; Wilmink, J.T. [Dept. of Radiology, University Hospital Maastricht (Netherlands); Jansen, G.H. [Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Utrecht (Netherlands); Kruijk, J.R. de [Department of Neurology, University Hospital Maastricht (Netherlands)

1999-04-01

We report a 49-year-old woman with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). In addition to typical high-signal lesions on proton-density and T 2-weighted images there was high signal in the globus pallidus bilaterally on T 1-weighted images. The latter feature has not been described previously and probably due to deposition of prion protein, as found at autopsy. (orig.) With 3 figs., 11 refs.

Signal intensity at unenhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance in the globus pallidus and dentate nucleus after serial administrations of a macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent in children

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Rossi Espagnet, Maria Camilla; Bernardi, Bruno; Figa-Talamanca, Lorenzo [Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesu, IRCCS, Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Rome (Italy); Pasquini, Luca [Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesu, IRCCS, Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Rome (Italy); University Sapienza, Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant' Andrea, Rome (Italy); Toma, Paolo [Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesu, IRCCS, Department of Imaging, Rome (Italy); Napolitano, Antonio [Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesu, IRCCS, Enterprise Risk Management, Medical Physics Department, Rome (Italy)

2017-09-15

Few studies have been conducted on the relations between T1-weighted signal intensity changes in the pediatric brain following gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) exposure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of multiple administrations of a macrocyclic GBCA on signal intensity in the globus pallidus and dentate nucleus of the pediatric brain on unenhanced T1-weighted MR images. This retrospective study included 50 patients, mean age: 8 years (standard deviation: 4.8 years), with normal renal function exposed to ≥6 administrations of the same macrocyclic GBCA (gadoterate meglumine) and a control group of 59 age-matched GBCA-naive patients. The globus pallidus-to-thalamus signal intensity ratio and dentate nucleus-to-pons signal intensity ratio were calculated from unenhanced T1-weighted images for both patients and controls. A mixed linear model was used to evaluate the effects on signal intensity ratios of the number of GBCA administrations, the time interval between administrations, age, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. T-test analyses were performed to compare signal intensity ratio differences between successive administrations and baseline MR signal intensity ratios in patients compared to controls. P-values were considered significant if <0.05. A significant effect of the number of GBCA administrations on relative signal intensities globus pallidus-to-thalamus (F[8]=3.09; P=0.002) and dentate nucleus-to-pons (F[8]=2.36; P=0.021) was found. The relative signal intensities were higher at last MR examination than at baseline (P<0.001). Quantitative analysis evaluation of globus pallidus:thalamus and dentate nucleus:pons of the pediatric brain demonstrated an increase after serial administrations of macrocyclic GBCA. Further research is necessary to fully understand GBCA pharmacokinetic in children. (orig.)

The globus pallidus sends reward-related signals to the lateral habenula.

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Hong, Simon; Hikosaka, Okihide

2008-11-26

As a major output station of the basal ganglia, the globus pallidus internal segment (GPi) projects to the thalamus and brainstem nuclei thereby controlling motor behavior. A less well known fact is that the GPi also projects to the lateral habenula (LHb) which is often associated with the limbic system. Using the monkey performing a saccade task with positionally biased reward outcomes, we found that antidromically identified LHb-projecting neurons were distributed mainly in the dorsal and ventral borders of the GPi and that their activity was strongly modulated by expected reward outcomes. A majority of them were excited by the no-reward-predicting target and inhibited by the reward-predicting target. These reward-dependent modulations were similar to those in LHb neurons but started earlier than those in LHb neurons. These results suggest that GPi may initiate reward-related signals through its effects on the LHb, which then influences the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems.

Reversibility of hyperintense globus pallidus on T 1-weighted MRI following surgery for a portosystemic shunt in an 8-year-old girl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ikeda, Shinji; Sera, Yoshihisa; Yoshida, Mituhiro; Ohshiro, Hajime; Uchino, Shinichiro; Seguchi, Sasa; Endo, Fumio

1999-01-01

An 8-year-old Japanese girl with a portosystemic shunt had shown hyperammonaemia since she was 3 years of age. MRI of her brain showed bilateral hyperintense globus pallidus. A portosystemic shunt was evident on US and angiography. She underwent surgical banding of the shunt, after which the lesion and clinical symptoms disappeared. (orig.)

Increasing signal intensity within the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus on unenhanced T1W magnetic resonance images in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: correlation with cumulative dose of a macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent, gadobutrol

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Stojanov, Dragan A. [University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Nis (Serbia); Clinical Center Nis, Center for Radiology, Nis (Serbia); Aracki-Trenkic, Aleksandra [Clinical Center Nis, Center for Radiology, Nis (Serbia); Vojinovic, Slobodan; Ljubisavljevic, Srdjan [University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Nis (Serbia); Clinical Center Nis, Clinic for Neurology, Nis (Serbia); Benedeto-Stojanov, Daniela [University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Nis (Serbia)

2016-03-15

To evaluate correlation between cumulative dose of gadobutrol and signal intensity (SI) within dentate nucleus and globus pallidus on unenhanced T1-weighted images in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Dentate nucleus-to-pons and globus pallidus-to-thalamus SI ratios, and renal and liver functions, were evaluated after multiple intravenous administrations of 0.1 mmol/kg gadobutrol at 27, 96-98, and 168 weeks. We compared SI ratios based on the number of administrations, total amount of gadobutrol administered, and time between injections. Globus pallidus-to-thalamus (p = 0.025) and dentate nucleus-to-pons (p < 0.001) SI ratios increased after multiple gadobutrol administrations, correlated with the number of administrations (ρ = 0.263, p = 0.046, respectively) and depended on the length of administration (p = 0.017, p = 0.037, respectively). Patients receiving gadobutrol at 27 weeks showed the greatest increase in both SI ratios (p = 0.006; p = 0.014, respectively, versus 96-98 weeks). GGT increased at the end of the study (p = 0.004). In patients with RRMS, SI within the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus increased on unenhanced T1-weighted images after multiple gadobutrol injections. Administration of the same total amount of gadobutrol over a shorter period caused greater SI increase. (orig.)

Globus pallidus high-signal lesions: A predominant MRI finding in children with neurofibromatosis type 1

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Arif Khan

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Lesions of the brain, recognized as unidentified bright objects (UBOs, are commonly observed as areas of increased T2-weighted signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1. Identification of these lesions is not currently encompassed in the National Institute of Health (NIH diagnostic criteria for NF1. Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence of UBOs in children with NF1 and identify areas of the brain that are commonly affected by these lesions, allowing us to evaluate whether UBOs should be included in the diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of NF1. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the cranial MRI scans of 22 children who had been diagnosed with sporadic or familial NF1 in accordance with the criteria established by NIH. UBOs were present in 81% of the children with NF1. Results: These lesions have a predilection for specific areas of the brain, including the globus pallidus (72%, cerebellum (66%, brainstem (27% and cerebral hemispheres (16%. The prevalence of UBOs identified varied significantly with age and sex; they were infrequent in children less than 4 years of age but were common in those aged between 4 and 12 years of age. UBOs were more commonly seen in males (66.6% compared with females (33.3%. Repeat MRI scan on a subset of these patients with UBOs did not show any significant changes despite a worsening in clinical symptoms. Conclusion and Discussion: We have shown that UBOs are a common finding in children with NF1, and are most prevalent between the ages of 4 and 12 years. Many sites of the brain are affected by these lesions, most notably the globus pallidus and the cerebellum. Further research must be conducted to elucidate the significance of UBOs in patients with NF1 and whether these lesions have any utility in the clinical detection of NF1.

Parvalbumin+ Neurons and Npas1+ Neurons Are Distinct Neuron Classes in the Mouse External Globus Pallidus.

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Hernández, Vivian M; Hegeman, Daniel J; Cui, Qiaoling; Kelver, Daniel A; Fiske, Michael P; Glajch, Kelly E; Pitt, Jason E; Huang, Tina Y; Justice, Nicholas J; Chan, C Savio

2015-08-26

Compelling evidence suggests that pathological activity of the external globus pallidus (GPe), a nucleus in the basal ganglia, contributes to the motor symptoms of a variety of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Recent studies have challenged the idea that the GPe comprises a single, homogenous population of neurons that serves as a simple relay in the indirect pathway. However, we still lack a full understanding of the diversity of the neurons that make up the GPe. Specifically, a more precise classification scheme is needed to better describe the fundamental biology and function of different GPe neuron classes. To this end, we generated a novel multicistronic BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) transgenic mouse line under the regulatory elements of the Npas1 gene. Using a combinatorial transgenic and immunohistochemical approach, we discovered that parvalbumin-expressing neurons and Npas1-expressing neurons in the GPe represent two nonoverlapping cell classes, amounting to 55% and 27% of the total GPe neuron population, respectively. These two genetically identified cell classes projected primarily to the subthalamic nucleus and to the striatum, respectively. Additionally, parvalbumin-expressing neurons and Npas1-expressing neurons were distinct in their autonomous and driven firing characteristics, their expression of intrinsic ion conductances, and their responsiveness to chronic 6-hydroxydopamine lesion. In summary, our data argue that parvalbumin-expressing neurons and Npas1-expressing neurons are two distinct functional classes of GPe neurons. This work revises our understanding of the GPe, and provides the foundation for future studies of its function and dysfunction. Until recently, the heterogeneity of the constituent neurons within the external globus pallidus (GPe) was not fully appreciated. We addressed this knowledge gap by discovering two principal GPe neuron classes, which were identified by their nonoverlapping expression of the

Parvalbumin+ Neurons and Npas1+ Neurons Are Distinct Neuron Classes in the Mouse External Globus Pallidus

Science.gov (United States)

Hernández, Vivian M.; Hegeman, Daniel J.; Cui, Qiaoling; Kelver, Daniel A.; Fiske, Michael P.; Glajch, Kelly E.; Pitt, Jason E.; Huang, Tina Y.; Justice, Nicholas J.

2015-01-01

Compelling evidence suggests that pathological activity of the external globus pallidus (GPe), a nucleus in the basal ganglia, contributes to the motor symptoms of a variety of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Recent studies have challenged the idea that the GPe comprises a single, homogenous population of neurons that serves as a simple relay in the indirect pathway. However, we still lack a full understanding of the diversity of the neurons that make up the GPe. Specifically, a more precise classification scheme is needed to better describe the fundamental biology and function of different GPe neuron classes. To this end, we generated a novel multicistronic BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) transgenic mouse line under the regulatory elements of the Npas1 gene. Using a combinatorial transgenic and immunohistochemical approach, we discovered that parvalbumin-expressing neurons and Npas1-expressing neurons in the GPe represent two nonoverlapping cell classes, amounting to 55% and 27% of the total GPe neuron population, respectively. These two genetically identified cell classes projected primarily to the subthalamic nucleus and to the striatum, respectively. Additionally, parvalbumin-expressing neurons and Npas1-expressing neurons were distinct in their autonomous and driven firing characteristics, their expression of intrinsic ion conductances, and their responsiveness to chronic 6-hydroxydopamine lesion. In summary, our data argue that parvalbumin-expressing neurons and Npas1-expressing neurons are two distinct functional classes of GPe neurons. This work revises our understanding of the GPe, and provides the foundation for future studies of its function and dysfunction. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Until recently, the heterogeneity of the constituent neurons within the external globus pallidus (GPe) was not fully appreciated. We addressed this knowledge gap by discovering two principal GPe neuron classes, which were identified by their nonoverlapping

Localization of Basal Ganglia and Thalamic Damage in Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy.

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Aravamuthan, Bhooma R; Waugh, Jeff L

2016-01-01

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy affects 15%-20% of patients with cerebral palsy. Basal ganglia injury is associated with dyskinetic cerebral palsy, but the patterns of injury within the basal ganglia predisposing to dyskinetic cerebral palsy are unknown, making treatment difficult. For example, deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus interna improves dystonia in only 40% of patients with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Basal ganglia injury heterogeneity may explain this variability. To investigate this, we conducted a qualitative systematic review of basal ganglia and thalamic damage in dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Reviews and articles primarily addressing genetic or toxic causes of cerebral palsy were excluded yielding 22 studies (304 subjects). Thirteen studies specified the involved basal ganglia nuclei (subthalamic nucleus, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, or lentiform nuclei, comprised by the putamen and globus pallidus). Studies investigating the lentiform nuclei (without distinguishing between the putamen and globus pallidus) showed that all subjects (19 of 19) had lentiform nuclei damage. Studies simultaneously but independently investigating the putamen and globus pallidus also showed that all subjects (35 of 35) had lentiform nuclei damage (i.e., putamen or globus pallidus damage); this was followed in frequency by damage to the putamen alone (70 of 101, 69%), the subthalamic nucleus (17 of 25, 68%), the thalamus (88 of 142, 62%), the globus pallidus (7/35, 20%), and the caudate (6 of 47, 13%). Globus pallidus damage was almost always coincident with putaminal damage. Noting consistent involvement of the lentiform nuclei in dyskinetic cerebral palsy, these results could suggest two groups of patients with dyskinetic cerebral palsy: those with putamen-predominant damage and those with panlenticular damage involving both the putamen and the globus pallidus. Differentiating between these groups could help predict response to therapies such as deep brain

Modeling Laterality of the Globus Pallidus Internus in Patients With Parkinson's Disease.

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Sharim, Justin; Yazdi, Daniel; Baohan, Amy; Behnke, Eric; Pouratian, Nader

2017-04-01

Neurosurgical interventions such as deep brain stimulation surgery of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) play an important role in the treatment of medically refractory Parkinson's disease (PD), and require high targeting accuracy. Variability in the laterality of the GPi across patients with PD has not been well characterized. The aim of this report is to identify factors that may contribute to differences in position of the motor region of GPi. The charts and operative reports of 101 PD patients following deep brain stimulation surgery (70 males, aged 11-78 years) representing 201 GPi were retrospectively reviewed. Data extracted for each subject include age, gender, anterior and posterior commissures (AC-PC) distance, and third ventricular width. Multiple linear regression, stepwise regression, and relative importance of regressors analysis were performed to assess the predictive ability of these variables on GPi laterality. Multiple linear regression for target vs. third ventricular width, gender, AC-PC distance, and age were significant for normalized linear regression coefficients of 0.333 (p laterality of 0.19 mm per mm of ventricular width, 0.11 mm per mm of AC-PC distance, 0.017 mm per year in age, and 0.54 mm increase for male gender. This variability highlights the limitations of indirect targeting alone, and argues for the continued use of MRI as well as intraoperative physiological testing to account for such factors that contribute to patient-specific variability in GPi localization. © 2016 International Neuromodulation Society.

Properties of Neurons in External Globus Pallidus Can Support Optimal Action Selection

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Bogacz, Rafal; Martin Moraud, Eduardo; Abdi, Azzedine; Magill, Peter J.; Baufreton, Jérôme

2016-01-01

The external globus pallidus (GPe) is a key nucleus within basal ganglia circuits that are thought to be involved in action selection. A class of computational models assumes that, during action selection, the basal ganglia compute for all actions available in a given context the probabilities that they should be selected. These models suggest that a network of GPe and subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons computes the normalization term in Bayes’ equation. In order to perform such computation, the GPe needs to send feedback to the STN equal to a particular function of the activity of STN neurons. However, the complex form of this function makes it unlikely that individual GPe neurons, or even a single GPe cell type, could compute it. Here, we demonstrate how this function could be computed within a network containing two types of GABAergic GPe projection neuron, so-called ‘prototypic’ and ‘arkypallidal’ neurons, that have different response properties in vivo and distinct connections. We compare our model predictions with the experimentally-reported connectivity and input-output functions (f-I curves) of the two populations of GPe neurons. We show that, together, these dichotomous cell types fulfil the requirements necessary to compute the function needed for optimal action selection. We conclude that, by virtue of their distinct response properties and connectivities, a network of arkypallidal and prototypic GPe neurons comprises a neural substrate capable of supporting the computation of the posterior probabilities of actions. PMID:27389780

Childhood Laryngeal Dystonia Following Bilateral Globus Pallidus Abnormality: A Case Study and Review of Literature

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Mohammad Javad Saeedi Borujeni

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction:Dystonia is a disorder of movement caused by various etiologies. Laryngeal dystonia is caused by the spasm of laryngeal muscles. It is a disorder caused by vocal fold movement in which excessive adduction or abduction of the vocal folds occurs during speech. The pathophysiology of this type of dystonia is not fully known. Some researchers have suggested that basal ganglia structures and their connections with cortical areas have been involved in the pathogenesis of dystonia. Case Report:In this paper a 7.5-year-old boy suffering from laryngeal dystonia with bilateral lesions in Globus Pallidus is presented. The patient also suffered from swallowing problems, monotone voice, vocal tremor, hypersensitivity of gag reflex, and stuttering. Drug treatment failed to cure him; therefore, he was referred to rehabilitation therapy.  Conclusion:In conclusion, special attention should be brought upon laryngeal dystonia, especially in patients showing Extra-pyramidal symptoms and/or abnormalities of the basal ganglia. In children, laryngeal dystonia may be potentially fatal. Lack of consideration for this condition during rehabilitation therapy can lead to serious consequences for a child.

Prototypic and Arkypallidal Neurons in the Dopamine-Intact External Globus Pallidus

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Abdi, Azzedine; Mallet, Nicolas; Mohamed, Foad Y.; Sharott, Andrew; Dodson, Paul D.; Nakamura, Kouichi C.; Suri, Sana; Avery, Sophie V.; Larvin, Joseph T.; Garas, Farid N.; Garas, Shady N.; Vinciati, Federica; Morin, Stéphanie; Bezard, Erwan

2015-01-01

Studies in dopamine-depleted rats indicate that the external globus pallidus (GPe) contains two main types of GABAergic projection cell; so-called “prototypic” and “arkypallidal” neurons. Here, we used correlative anatomical and electrophysiological approaches in rats to determine whether and how this dichotomous organization applies to the dopamine-intact GPe. Prototypic neurons coexpressed the transcription factors Nkx2-1 and Lhx6, comprised approximately two-thirds of all GPe neurons, and were the major GPe cell type innervating the subthalamic nucleus (STN). In contrast, arkypallidal neurons expressed the transcription factor FoxP2, constituted just over one-fourth of GPe neurons, and innervated the striatum but not STN. In anesthetized dopamine-intact rats, molecularly identified prototypic neurons fired at relatively high rates and with high regularity, regardless of brain state (slow-wave activity or spontaneous activation). On average, arkypallidal neurons fired at lower rates and regularities than prototypic neurons, and the two cell types could be further distinguished by the temporal coupling of their firing to ongoing cortical oscillations. Complementing the activity differences observed in vivo, the autonomous firing of identified arkypallidal neurons in vitro was slower and more variable than that of prototypic neurons, which tallied with arkypallidal neurons displaying lower amplitudes of a “persistent” sodium current important for such pacemaking. Arkypallidal neurons also exhibited weaker driven and rebound firing compared with prototypic neurons. In conclusion, our data support the concept that a dichotomous functional organization, as actioned by arkypallidal and prototypic neurons with specialized molecular, structural, and physiological properties, is fundamental to the operations of the dopamine-intact GPe. PMID:25926446

Distinct Developmental Origins Manifest in the Specialized Encoding of Movement by Adult Neurons of the External Globus Pallidus

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Dodson, Paul D.; Larvin, Joseph T.; Duffell, James M.; Garas, Farid N.; Doig, Natalie M.; Kessaris, Nicoletta; Duguid, Ian C.; Bogacz, Rafal; Butt, Simon J.B.; Magill, Peter J.

2015-01-01

Summary Transcriptional codes initiated during brain development are ultimately realized in adulthood as distinct cell types performing specialized roles in behavior. Focusing on the mouse external globus pallidus (GPe), we demonstrate that the potential contributions of two GABAergic GPe cell types to voluntary action are fated from early life to be distinct. Prototypic GPe neurons derive from the medial ganglionic eminence of the embryonic subpallium and express the transcription factor Nkx2-1. These neurons fire at high rates during alert rest, and encode movements through heterogeneous firing rate changes, with many neurons decreasing their activity. In contrast, arkypallidal GPe neurons originate from lateral/caudal ganglionic eminences, express the transcription factor FoxP2, fire at low rates during rest, and encode movements with robust increases in firing. We conclude that developmental diversity positions prototypic and arkypallidal neurons to fulfil distinct roles in behavior via their disparate regulation of GABA release onto different basal ganglia targets. PMID:25843402

Increased signal intensities in the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus on unenhanced T1-weighted images: evidence in children undergoing multiple gadolinium MRI exams

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Hu, Houchun H.; Pokorney, Amber; Towbin, Richard B.; Miller, Jeffrey H. [Phoenix Children' s Hospital, Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix, AZ (United States)

2016-10-15

Recent reports have suggested residual gadolinium deposition in the brain in subjects undergoing multiple contrast-enhanced MRI exams. These findings have raised some concerns regarding gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) usage and retention in brain tissues. To summarize findings of hyperintense brain structures on precontrast T1-weighted images in 21 children undergoing multiple GBCA MRI exams. This retrospective study involved 21 patients, each of whom received multiple MRI examinations (range: 5-37 exams) with GBCA over the course of their medical treatment (duration from first to most recent exam: 1.2-12.9 years). The patients were between 0.9 and 14.4 years of age at the time of their first GBCA exam. Regions of interest were drawn in the dentate nucleus and the globus pallidus on 2-D fast spin echo images acquired at 1.5 T. The signal intensities of these two structures were normalized by that of the corpus callosum genu. Signal intensity ratios from these patients were compared to control patients of similar ages who have never received GBCA. Signal intensity ratios increased between the first and the most recent MRI exam in all 21 patients receiving GBCA, with an increase of 18.6%±12.7% (range: 0.5% to 47.5%) for the dentate nucleus and 12.4%±7.4% (range: -1.2% to 33.7%) for the globus pallidus (P<0.0001). Signal intensity ratios were also higher in GBCA patients than in controls (P<0.01). The degree of signal intensity enhancement did not correlate with statistical significance to the cumulative number or volume of GBCA administrations each patient received, the patient's age or the elapsed time between the first and most recent GBCA MRI exams. These results in children are consistent with recent findings in adults, suggesting possible gadolinium deposition in the brain. (orig.)

High and low frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus induce prolonged changes in subthalamic and globus pallidus neurons

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Hagar eLavian

2013-12-01

Full Text Available High frequency stimulation (HFS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN is widely used to treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease but the mechanism of this therapy is unclear. Using a rat brain slice preparation maintaining the connectivity between the STN and one of its target nuclei, the globus pallidus (GP, we investigated the effects of high and low frequency stimulation (HFS 100 Hz, LFS 10 Hz on activity of single neurons in the STN and GP. Both HFS and LFS caused changes in firing frequency and pattern of subthalamic and pallidal neurons. These changes were of synaptic origin, as they were abolished by glutamate and GABA antagonists. Both HFS and LFS also induced a long-lasting reduction in firing frequency in STN neurons possibly contending a direct causal link between HFS and the outcome DBS. In the GP both HFS and LFS induced either a long-lasting depression, or less frequently, a long-lasting excitation. Thus, in addition to the intrinsic activation of the stimulated neurons, long-lasting stimulation of the STN may trigger prolonged biochemical processes.

Immediate recovery of neurological function in response to deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus in a patient with idiopathic camptocormia

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I. Madrazo

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Camptocormia is a major disabling abnormality characterized by severe forward flexion of the thoracolumbar spine. We report here on the effectiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS for the management of a case of untreatable idiopathic camptocormia. The patient, a 51-year-old male, with an 11-year-long history of radicular pain. Camptocormia symptomatology initiated 4 years ago. Preoperative muscle electrodiagnostic testing was within normal limits. Myopathy was ruled out. In the standing position myokymic discharges were recorded. Under local anesthesia and stereotactic control, electrodes for DBS were placed bilaterally in the globus pallidus internus. Patient's symptoms disappeared immediately following DBS. This response cannot be attributed to the surgical procedure itself. When stimulators were turned “off” accidentally, the patient returned immediately to his pre-surgery condition. Erect posture and walking were restored when stimulators were back “on”.

Long-Term Clinical Outcome of Internal Globus Pallidus Deep Brain Stimulation for Dystonia.

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Hye Ran Park

Full Text Available GPi (Internal globus pallidus DBS (deep brain stimulation is recognized as a safe, reliable, reversible and adjustable treatment in patients with medically refractory dystonia.This report describes the long-term clinical outcome of 36 patients implanted with GPi DBS at the Neurosurgery Department of Seoul National University Hospital.Nine patients with a known genetic cause, 12 patients with acquired dystonia, and 15 patients with isolated dystonia without a known genetic cause were included. When categorized by phenomenology, 29 patients had generalized, 5 patients had segmental, and 2 patients had multifocal dystonia. Patients were assessed preoperatively and at defined follow-up examinations postoperatively, using the Burke-Fahn-Marsden dystonia rating scale (BFMDRS for movement and functional disability assessment. The mean follow-up duration was 47 months (range, 12-84.The mean movement scores significantly decreased from 44.88 points preoperatively to 26.45 points at 60-month follow up (N = 19, P = 0.006. The mean disability score was also decreased over time, from 11.54 points preoperatively to 8.26 points at 60-month follow up, despite no statistical significance (N = 19, P = 0.073. When analyzed the movement and disability improvement rates at 12-month follow up point, no significant difference was noted according to etiology, disease duration, age at surgery, age of onset, and phenomenology. However, the patients with DYT-1 dystonia and isolated dystonia without a known genetic cause showed marked improvement.GPi DBS is a safe and efficient therapeutic method for treatment of dystonia patients to improve both movement and disability. However, this study has some limitations caused by the retrospective design with small sample size in a single-center.

Gadolinium Accumulation in the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei and Globus Pallidus After Exposure to Linear but Not Macrocyclic Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in a Retrospective Pig Study With High Similarity to Clinical Conditions.

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Boyken, Janina; Frenzel, Thomas; Lohrke, Jessica; Jost, Gregor; Pietsch, Hubertus

2018-05-01

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the gadolinium (Gd) concentration in different brain areas in a pig cohort that received repeated administration of Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) at standard doses over several years, comparable with a clinical setting. Brain tissue was collected from 13 Göttingen mini pigs that had received repeated intravenous injections of gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA; Magnevist) and/or gadobutrol (Gadovist). The animals have been included in several preclinical imaging studies since 2008 and received cumulative Gd doses ranging from 7 to 129 mmol per animal over an extended period. Two animals with no history of administration of GBCA were included as controls. Brain autopsies were performed not earlier than 8 and not later than 38 months after the last GBCA application. Tissues from multiple brain areas including cerebellar and cerebral deep nuclei, cerebellar and cerebral cortex, and pons were analyzed for Gd using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Of the 13 animals, 8 received up to 48 injections of gadobutrol and Gd-DTPA and 5 received up to 29 injections of gadobutrol only. In animals that had received both Gd-DTPA and gadobutrol, a median (interquartile range) Gd concentration of 1.0 nmol/g tissue (0.44-1.42) was measured in the cerebellar nuclei and 0.53 nmol/g (0.29-0.62) in the globus pallidus. The Gd concentration in these areas in gadobutrol-only animals was 50-fold lower with median concentrations of 0.02 nmol/g (0.01-0.02) for cerebellar nuclei and 0.01 nmol/g (0.01-0.01) for globus pallidus and was comparable with control animals with no GBCA history. Accordingly, in animals that received both GBCAs, the amount of residual Gd correlated with the administered dose of Gd-DTPA (P ≤ 0.002) but not with the total Gd dose, consisting of Gd-DTPA and gadobutrol. The Gd concentration in cortical tissue and in the pons was very low (≤0.07 nmol/g tissue) in all animals analyzed. Multiple exposure

Psychiatric and social outcome after deep brain stimulation for advanced Parkinson's disease

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boel, J.A.; Odekerken, V.J.J.; Geurtsen, G.J.; Schmand, B.A.; Cath, D.C.; Figee, M.; van den Munckhof, P.; de Haan, R.J.; Schuurman, P.R.; de Bie, R.M.A.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess psychiatric and social outcome 12 months after bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: We randomly assigned patients to receive GPi

Psychiatric and social outcome after deep brain stimulation for advanced Parkinson's disease

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boel, Judith A; Odekerken, Vincent J J; Geurtsen, Gert J; Schmand, Ben A; Cath, Danielle C; Figee, Martijn; van den Munckhof, Pepijn; de Haan, Rob J; Schuurman, P Richard; de Bie, Rob M A

2016-01-01

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess psychiatric and social outcome 12 months after bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: We randomly assigned patients to receive GPi

Psychiatric and social outcome after deep brain stimulation for advanced Parkinson's disease

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boel, Judith A.; Odekerken, Vincent J. J.; Geurtsen, Gert J.; Schmand, Ben A.; Cath, Danielle C.; Figee, Martijn; van den Munckhof, Pepijn; de Haan, Rob J.; Schuurman, P. Richard; de Bie, Rob M. A.; van Dijk, J. Marc C.; Staal, Michael

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess psychiatric and social outcome 12 months after bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). MethodsWe randomly assigned patients to receive GPi DBS

Psychiatric and social outcome after deep brain stimulation for advanced Parkinson's disease

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boel, Judith A.; Odekerken, Vincent J. J.; Geurtsen, Gert J.; Schmand, Ben A.; Cath, Danielle C.; Figee, Martijn; van den Munckhof, Pepijn; de Haan, Rob J.; Schuurman, P. Richard; de Bie, Rob M. A.; van Laar, Teus; van Dijk, J. Marc C.; Mosch, Arne; Hoffmann, Carel F. E.; Nijssen, Peter C. G.; Beute, Guus N.; van Vugt, Jeroen P. P.; Lenders, Mathieu W. P. M.; Contarino, M. Fiorella; Bour, Lo J.

2016-01-01

The aim of this study was to assess psychiatric and social outcome 12 months after bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). We randomly assigned patients to receive GPi DBS (n = 65) or STN

Simulating the Effects of Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity on Postsynaptic Dynamics in the Globus Pallidus

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Moran eBrody

2013-08-01

Full Text Available The rat globus pallidus (GP is one of the nuclei of the basal ganglia and plays an important role in a variety of motor and cognitive processes. In vivo studies have shown that repetitive stimulation evokes complex modulations of GP activity. In vitro and computational studies have suggested that short-term synaptic plasticity (STP could be one of the underlying mechanisms. The current study used simplified single compartment modeling to explore the possible effect of STP on the activity of GP neurons during low and high frequency stimulation. To do this we constructed a model of a GP neuron connected to a small network of neurons from the three major input sources to GP neurons: striatum (Str, subthalamic nucleus (STN and GP collaterals. All synapses were implemented with a kinetic model of STP. The in vitro recordings of responses to low frequency repetitive stimulation were highly reconstructed, including rate changes and locking to the stimulus. Mainly involved were fast forms of plasticity which have been found at these synapses. . The simulations were qualitatively compared to a data set previously recorded in vitro in our lab. Reconstructions of experimental responses to high frequency stimulation required adding slower forms of plasticity to the STN and GP collateral synapses, as well as adding metabotropic receptors to the STN-GP synapses. These finding suggest the existence of as yet unreported slower short-term dynamics in the GP. The computational model made additional predictions about GP activity during low and high frequency stimulation that may further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying repetative stimulation of the GP.

Serial 1H-MRS of thalamus during deep brain stimulation of bilateral globus pallidus internus for primary generalized dystonia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chernov, Mikhail F.; Iseki, Hiroshi; Takakura, Kintomo; Ochiai, Taku; Taira, Takaomi; Hori, Tomokatsu; Ono, Yuko; Nakamura, Ryoichi; Muragaki, Yoshihiro

2008-01-01

The physiological mechanisms of deep brain stimulation (DBS) are not completely clear. Our understanding of them may be facilitated with the use of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS). Serial 1 H-MRS of both thalami was performed during the course of DBS of bilateral globus pallidus internus in a patient with primary generalized dystonia. Two days after microelectrode implantation, a pulse frequency of 185 Hz was applied for stimulation. It resulted in relief of symptoms and a decrease of Burke-Fahn-Marsden dystonia rating scale (BFMDRS) scores, and was accompanied by a prominent increase of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/choline-containing compounds (Cho) ratio, a mild increase of NAA/creatine (Cr) ratio, and a moderate decrease of Cho/Cr ratio. Two weeks later, for a search of the optimal stimulation mode, the pulse frequency was switched to 60 Hz, which resulted in clinical deterioration and significant increase of BFMDRS scores. At that time, all investigated 1 H-MRS-detected metabolic parameters had nearly returned to the pretreatment levels. Use of serial 1 H-MRS investigations of various brain structures during DBS in cases of movement disorders permits detailed evaluation of the treatment response, has a potential for its possible prediction, and may facilitate understanding of the physiological mechanisms of stimulation. (orig.)

Seizure-induced damage to substantia nigra and globus pallidus is accompanied by pronounced intra- and extracellular acidosis

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Inamura, K.; Smith, M.L.; Hansen, A.J.; Siesjoe, B.K.

1989-01-01

Status epilepticus of greater than 30-min duration in rats gives rise to a conspicuous lesion in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNPR) and globus pallidus (GP). The objective of the present study was to explore whether the lesion, which encompasses necrosis of both neurons and glial cells, is related to intra- and extracellular acidosis. Using the flurothyl model previously described to produce seizures, we assessed regional pH values with the autoradiographic 5,5-dimethyl[2-14C]oxazolidine-2,4-dione technique. Regional pH values were assessed in animals with continuous seizures for 20 and 60 min, as well as in those allowed to recover for 30 and 120 min after seizure periods of 20 or 60 min. In additional animals, changes in extracellular fluid pH (pHe) were measured with ion-selective microelectrodes, and extracellular fluid (ECF) volume was calculated from the diffusion profile for electrophoretically administered tetramethylammonium. In structures such as the neocortex and the hippocampus, which show intense metabolic activation during seizures, status epilepticus of 20- and 60-min duration was accompanied by a reduction of the composite tissue pH (pHt) of 0.2-0.3 unit. Recovery of pHt was observed upon termination of seizures. In SNPR and in GP, the acidosis was marked to excessive after 20 and 60 min of seizures (delta pHt approximately 0.6 after 60 min)

The Impact of Stimulation Induced Short Term Synaptic Plasticity on Firing Patterns in the Globus Pallidus of the Rat

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Jenia eBugaysen

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Electrical stimulation in the globus pallidus (GP leads to complex modulations of neuronal activity in the stimulated nucleus. Multiple in-vivo studies have demonstrated the modulation of both firing rates and patterns during and immediately following the GP stimulation. Previous in-vitro studies, together with computational studies, have suggested the involvement of short-term synaptic plasticity (STP during the stimulation. The aim of the current study was to explore in-vitro the effects of STP on neuronal activity of GP neurons during local repetitive stimulation. We recorded synaptic potentials and assessed the modulations of spontaneous firing in a postsynaptic neuron in acute brain slices via a whole-cell pipette. Low-frequency repetitive stimulation locked the firing of the neuron to the stimulus. However, high-frequency repetitive stimulation in the GP generated a biphasic modulation of the firing frequency consisting of inhibitory and excitatory phases. Using blockers of synaptic transmission, we show that GABAergic synapses mediated the inhibitory and glutamatergic synapses the excitatory part of the response. Furthermore, we report that at high stimulation frequencies both types of synapses undergo short-term depression leading to a time dependent modulation of the neuronal firing. These findings indicate that STP modulates the dynamic responses of pallidal activity during electrical stimulation, and may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism underlying deep brain stimulation (DBS like protocols.

Gadolinium deposition within the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus after repeated administrations of gadolinium-based contrast agents - current status

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Stojanov, Dragan [University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Nis (Serbia); Center for Radiology, Nis (Serbia); Aracki-Trenkic, Aleksandra [Center for Radiology, Nis (Serbia); Benedeto-Stojanov, Daniela [University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Nis (Serbia)

2016-05-15

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have been used clinically since 1988 for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI). Generally, GBCAs are considered to have an excellent safety profile. However, GBCA administration has been associated with increased occurrence of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with severely compromised renal function, and several studies have shown evidence of gadolinium deposition in specific brain structures, the globus pallidus and dentate nucleus, in patients with normal renal function. Gadolinium deposition in the brain following repeated CE-MRI scans has been demonstrated in patients using T1-weighted unenhanced MRI and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Additionally, rodent studies with controlled GBCA administration also resulted in neural gadolinium deposits. Repeated GBCA use is associated with gadolinium deposition in the brain. This is especially true with the use of less-stable, linear GBCAs. In spite of increasing evidence of gadolinium deposits in the brains of patients after multiple GBCA administrations, the clinical significance of these deposits continues to be unclear. Here, we discuss the current state of scientific evidence surrounding gadolinium deposition in the brain following GBCA use, and the potential clinical significance of gadolinium deposition. There is considerable need for further research, both to understand the mechanism by which gadolinium deposition in the brain occurs and how it affects the patients in which it occurs. (orig.)

T1 Shortening in the Globus Pallidus after Multiple Administrations of Gadobutrol: Assessment with a Multidynamic Multiecho Sequence.

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Kang, Koung Mi; Choi, Seung Hong; Hwang, Moonjung; Yun, Tae Jin; Kim, Ji-Hoon; Sohn, Chul-Ho

2018-04-01

Purpose To determine the association between the administration of the macrocyclic contrast medium gadobutrol and T1 relaxation time in the brains of patients with normal renal function by using multidynamic multiecho (MDME) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences. Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved this retrospective study, and the need to obtain written informed consent was waived. This study included 46 patients (revealed by an electronic medical record search) who had received one or more gadobutrol injections and a maximum of one MR imaging contrast medium injection other than gadobutrol before MDME sequence acquisition. One radiologist performed quantitative analyses of regions of interest on quantitative T1 maps twice to cover the normal-appearing globus pallidus (GP), frontal white matter, frontal cortex, and thalamus. The number of administrations and the cumulative dose of gadobutrol, age, intervals between administrations, sex, and treatment were investigated. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses of the T1 values in four brain regions and the GP-to-thalamus signal intensity (SI) ratio were performed. P values of less than the Bonferroni-corrected value of .01 were considered to indicate significant differences. Results Intraobserver reproducibility was good to excellent (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.62-0.81). Because of high multicollinearity between the number of gadobutrol administrations and accumulated dose (r = 0.96, P .01). Conclusion Multiple exposures to gadobutrol are associated with T1 shortening in the GP. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

Transgenic Mouse Lines Subdivide External Segment of the Globus Pallidus (GPe) Neurons and Reveal Distinct GPe Output Pathways

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Mastro, Kevin J.; Bouchard, Rachel S.; Holt, Hiromi A. K.

2014-01-01

Cell-type diversity in the brain enables the assembly of complex neural circuits, whose organization and patterns of activity give rise to brain function. However, the identification of distinct neuronal populations within a given brain region is often complicated by a lack of objective criteria to distinguish one neuronal population from another. In the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe), neuronal populations have been defined using molecular, anatomical, and electrophysiological criteria, but these classification schemes are often not generalizable across preparations and lack consistency even within the same preparation. Here, we present a novel use of existing transgenic mouse lines, Lim homeobox 6 (Lhx6)–Cre and parvalbumin (PV)–Cre, to define genetically distinct cell populations in the GPe that differ molecularly, anatomically, and electrophysiologically. Lhx6–GPe neurons, which do not express PV, are concentrated in the medial portion of the GPe. They have lower spontaneous firing rates, narrower dynamic ranges, and make stronger projections to the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta compared with PV–GPe neurons. In contrast, PV–GPe neurons are more concentrated in the lateral portions of the GPe. They have narrower action potentials, deeper afterhyperpolarizations, and make stronger projections to the subthalamic nucleus and parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus. These electrophysiological and anatomical differences suggest that Lhx6–GPe and PV–GPe neurons participate in different circuits with the potential to contribute to different aspects of motor function and dysfunction in disease. PMID:24501350

Altered neuronal activity in the primary motor cortex and globus pallidus after dopamine depletion in rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Min; Li, Min; Geng, Xiwen; Song, Zhimin; Albers, H Elliott; Yang, Maoquan; Zhang, Xiao; Xie, Jinlu; Qu, Qingyang; He, Tingting

2015-01-15

The involvement of dopamine (DA) neuron loss in the etiology of Parkinson's disease has been well documented. The neural mechanisms underlying the effects of DA loss and the resultant motor dysfunction remain unknown. To gain insights into how loss of DA disrupts the electrical processes in the cortico-subcortical network, the present study explores the effects of DA neuron depletion on electrical activity in the primary motor cortex (M1), on the external and the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi respectively), and on their temporal relationships. Comparison of local field potentials (LFPs) in these brain regions from unilateral hemispheric DA neuron depleted rats and neurologically intact rats revealed that the spectrum power of LFPs in 12-70Hz (for M1, and GPe) and in 25-40Hz (for GPi) was significantly greater in the DA depleted rats than that in the control group. These changes were associated with a shortening of latency in LFP activities between M1 and GPe, from several hundred milliseconds in the intact animals to close to zero in the DA depleted animals. LFP oscillations in M1 were significantly more synchronized with those in GPe in the DA depleted rats compared with those in the control rats. By contrast, the synchronization of oscillation in LFP activities between M1 and GPi did not differ between the DA depleted and intact rats. Not surprisingly, rats that had DA neuron depletion spent more time along the ladder compared with the control rats. These data suggest that enhanced oscillatory activity and increased synchronization of LFPs may contribute to movement impairment in the rat model of Parkinson's disease. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The emergence of two anti-phase oscillatory neural populations in a computational model of the Parkinsonian globus pallidus

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Robert John Merrison-Hort

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Experiments in rodent models of Parkinson's Disease have demonstrated a prominent increase of oscillatory firing patterns in neurons within the Parkinsonian globus pallidus (GP which may underlie some of the motor symptoms of the disease. There are two main pathways from the cortex to GP: via the striatum and via the subthalamic nucleus (STN, but it is not known how these inputs sculpt the pathological pallidal firing patterns. To study this we developed a novel neural network model of conductance-based spiking pallidal neurons with cortex-modulated input from STN neurons. Our results support the hypothesis that entrainment occurs primarily via the subthalamic pathway. We find that as a result of the interplay between excitatory input from the STN and mutual inhibitory coupling between GP neurons, a homogeneous population of GP neurons demonstrates a self-organising dynamical behaviour where two groups of neurons emerge: one spiking in-phase with the cortical rhythm and the other in anti-phase. This finding mirrors what is seen in recordings from the GP of rodents that have had Parkinsonism induced via brain lesions. Our model also includes downregulation of Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-gated (HCN channels in response to burst firing of GP neurons, since this has been suggested as a possible mechanism for the emergence of Parkinsonian activity. We found that the downregulation of HCN channels provides even better correspondence with experimental data but that it is not essential in order for the two groups of oscillatory neurons to appear. We discuss how the influence of inhibitory striatal input will strengthen our results.

Deep Brain Stimulation of the Internal Globus Pallidus Improves Response Initiation and Proactive Inhibition in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease

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Yixin Pan

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Background: Impulse control disorder is not uncommon in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD who are treated with dopamine replacement therapy and subthalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS. Internal globus pallidus (GPi-DBS is increasingly used, but its role in inhibitory control has rarely been explored. In this study, we evaluated the effect of GPi-DBS on inhibitory control in PD patients.Methods: A stop-signal paradigm was used to test response initiation, proactive inhibition, and reactive inhibition. The subjects enrolled in the experiment were 27 patients with PD, of whom 13 had received only drug treatment and 14 had received bilateral GPi-DBS in addition to conventional medical treatment and 15 healthy individuals.Results: Our results revealed that with GPi-DBS on, patients with PD showed significantly faster responses than the other groups in trials where it was certain that no stop signal would be presented. Proactive inhibition was significantly different in the surgical patients with GPi-DBS on versus when GPi-DBS was off, in surgical patients with GPi-DBS on versus drug-treated patients, and in healthy controls versus drug-treated patients. Correlation analyses revealed that when GPi-DBS was on, there was a statistically significant moderate positive relationship between proactive inhibition and dopaminergic medication.Conclusion: GPi-DBS may lead to an increase in response initiation speed and improve the dysfunctional proactive inhibitory control observed in PD patients. Our results may help us to understand the role of the GPi in cortical-basal ganglia circuits.

Aberrant resting-state corticostriatal functional connectivity in cirrhotic patients with hyperintense globus pallidus on T1-weighted MR imaging.

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Xi-Qi Zhu

Full Text Available Neurobiological and neuroimaging studies have emphasized the structural and functional alterations in the striatum of cirrhotic patients, but alterations in the functional connections between the striatum and other brain regions have not yet been explored. Of note, manganese accumulation in the nervous system, frequently reflected by hyperintensity at the bilateral globus pallidus (GP on T1-weighted imaging, has been considered a factor affecting the striatal and cortical functions in hepatic decompensation. We employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to analyze the temporal correlation between the striatum and the remaining brain regions using seed-based correlation analyses. The two-sample t-test was conducted to detect the differences in corticostriatal connectivity between 44 cirrhotic patients with hyperintensity at the bilateral GP and 20 healthy controls. Decreased connectivity of the caudate was detected in the anterior/middle cingulate gyrus, and increased connectivity of the caudate was found in the left motor cortex. A reduction in functional connectivity was found between the putamen and several regions, including the anterior cingulate gyrus, right insular lobe, inferior frontal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus, and anterior lobe of the right cerebellum; increased connectivity was detected between the putamen and right middle temporal gyrus. There were significant correlations between the corticostriatal connectivity and neuropsychological performances in the patient group, but not between the striatal connectivity and GP signal intensity. These alterations in the corticostriatal functional connectivity suggested the abnormalities in the intrinsic brain functional organiztion among the cirrhotic patients with manganese deposition, and may be associated with development of metabolic encephalopathy. The manganese deposition in nervous system, however, can not be an independent factor predicting the resting

Meta-analysis comparing deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus to treat advanced Parkinson disease.

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Liu, Yi; Li, Weina; Tan, Changhong; Liu, Xi; Wang, Xin; Gui, Yuejiang; Qin, Lu; Deng, Fen; Hu, Changlin; Chen, Lifen

2014-09-01

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the surgical procedure of choice for patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD). The globus pallidus internus (GPi) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) are commonly targeted by this procedure. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy of DBS in each region. MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library were searched for English-language studies published before April 2013. of studies investigating the efficacy and clinical outcomes of DBS of the GPi and STN for PD were analyzed. Six eligible trials containing a total of 563 patients were included in the analysis. Deep brain stimulation of the GPi or STN equally improved motor function, measured by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Section III (UPDRSIII) (motor section, for patients in on- and off-medication phases), within 1 year postsurgery. The change score for the on-medication phase was 0.68 (95% CI - 2.12 to 3.47, p > 0.05; 5 studies, 518 patients) and for the off-medication phase was 1.83 (95% CI - 3.12 to 6.77, p > 0.05; 5 studies, 518 patients). The UPDRS Section II (activities of daily living) scores for patients on medication improved equally in both DBS groups (p = 0.97). STN DBS allowed medication dosages to be reduced more than GPi DBS (95% CI 129.27-316.64, p < 0.00001; 5 studies, 540 patients). Psychiatric symptoms, measured by Beck Depression Inventory, 2nd edition scores, showed greater improvement from baseline after GPi DBS than after STN DBS (standardized mean difference -2.28, 95% CI -3.73 to -0.84, p = 0.002; 3 studies, 382 patients). GPi and STN DBS improve motor function and activities of daily living for PD patients. Differences in therapeutic efficacy for PD were not observed between the 2 procedures. STN DBS allowed greater reduction in medication for patients, whereas GPi DBS provided greater relief from psychiatric symptoms. An understanding of other symptomatic aspects of targeting each region and long

Systemic blockade of dopamine D2-like receptors increases high-voltage spindles in the globus pallidus and motor cortex of freely moving rats.

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Chen Yang

Full Text Available High-voltage spindles (HVSs have been reported to appear spontaneously and widely in the cortical-basal ganglia networks of rats. Our previous study showed that dopamine depletion can significantly increase the power and coherence of HVSs in the globus pallidus (GP and motor cortex of freely moving rats. However, it is unclear whether dopamine regulates HVS activity by acting on dopamine D₁-like receptors or D₂-like receptors. We employed local-field potential and electrocorticogram methods to simultaneously record the oscillatory activities in the GP and primary motor cortex (M1 in freely moving rats following systemic administration of dopamine receptor antagonists or saline. The results showed that the dopamine D₂-like receptor antagonists, raclopride and haloperidol, significantly increased the number and duration of HVSs, and the relative power associated with HVS activity in the GP and M1 cortex. Coherence values for HVS activity between the GP and M1 cortex area were also significantly increased by dopamine D₂-like receptor antagonists. On the contrary, the selective dopamine D₁-like receptor antagonist, SCH23390, had no significant effect on the number, duration, or relative power of HVSs, or HVS-related coherence between M1 and GP. In conclusion, dopamine D₂-like receptors, but not D₁-like receptors, were involved in HVS regulation. This supports the important role of dopamine D₂-like receptors in the regulation of HVSs. An siRNA knock-down experiment on the striatum confirmed our conclusion.

Systemic blockade of dopamine D2-like receptors increases high-voltage spindles in the globus pallidus and motor cortex of freely moving rats.

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Yang, Chen; Ge, Shun-Nan; Zhang, Jia-Rui; Chen, Lei; Yan, Zhi-Qiang; Heng, Li-Jun; Zhao, Tian-Zhi; Li, Wei-Xin; Jia, Dong; Zhu, Jun-Ling; Gao, Guo-Dong

2013-01-01

High-voltage spindles (HVSs) have been reported to appear spontaneously and widely in the cortical-basal ganglia networks of rats. Our previous study showed that dopamine depletion can significantly increase the power and coherence of HVSs in the globus pallidus (GP) and motor cortex of freely moving rats. However, it is unclear whether dopamine regulates HVS activity by acting on dopamine D₁-like receptors or D₂-like receptors. We employed local-field potential and electrocorticogram methods to simultaneously record the oscillatory activities in the GP and primary motor cortex (M1) in freely moving rats following systemic administration of dopamine receptor antagonists or saline. The results showed that the dopamine D₂-like receptor antagonists, raclopride and haloperidol, significantly increased the number and duration of HVSs, and the relative power associated with HVS activity in the GP and M1 cortex. Coherence values for HVS activity between the GP and M1 cortex area were also significantly increased by dopamine D₂-like receptor antagonists. On the contrary, the selective dopamine D₁-like receptor antagonist, SCH23390, had no significant effect on the number, duration, or relative power of HVSs, or HVS-related coherence between M1 and GP. In conclusion, dopamine D₂-like receptors, but not D₁-like receptors, were involved in HVS regulation. This supports the important role of dopamine D₂-like receptors in the regulation of HVSs. An siRNA knock-down experiment on the striatum confirmed our conclusion.

Signal intensity change on unenhanced T1-weighted images in dentate nucleus and globus pallidus after multiple administrations of gadoxetate disodium: an intraindividual comparative study

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Conte, Giorgio; Minotti, Marta; De Piano, Francesca [Universita degli Studi di Milano, Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Milan (Italy); Preda, Lorenzo [Universita degli Studi di Pavia, Department of Clinical-Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Pavia (Italy); National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO Foundation), Division of Radiology, Pavia (Italy); Cocorocchio, Emilia; Ferrucci, Pier Francesco [European Institute of Oncology, Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Division, Milan (Italy); Raimondi, Sara [European Institute of Oncology, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milan (Italy); Giannitto, Caterina; Petralia, Giuseppe [European Institute of Oncology, Division of Radiology, Milan (Italy); Bellomi, Massimo [European Institute of Oncology, Division of Radiology, Milan (Italy); Universita degli Studi di Milano, Oncology and Haematology/Oncology Department, Milan (Italy)

2017-10-15

To investigate whether there is an increased signal intensity (SI) of dentate nucleus (DN) and globus pallidus (GP) on unenhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in patients who had undergone multiple administrations of gadoxetate disodium. We retrospectively included stage III melanoma patients, who had been previously enrolled in a trial of adjuvant therapy and who had undergone whole-body contrast-enhanced MRIs with gadoxetate disodium every three months for their follow-up. The SI ratios of DN-to-pons and GP-to-thalamus on unenhanced T1-weighted images were calculated. The difference in SI ratios between the first and the last MRI examinations was assessed and a linear mixed model was performed to detect how SI ratios varied with the number of administrations. Eighteen patients were included in our study. The number of gadoxetate disodium administrations ranged from 2 to 18. Paired t-test did not show any significant difference in DN-to-pons (p=0.21) and GP-to-thalamus (p=0.09) SI ratios by the end of the study. DN-to-pons SI ratio and GP-to-thalamus SI ratio did not significantly increase with increasing the number of administrations (p=0.14 and p=0.06, respectively). Multiple administrations of gadoxetate disodium are not associated with increased SI in DN and GP in the brain. (orig.)

Neuronal firing in the globus pallidus internus and the ventrolateral thalamus related to parkinsonian motor symptoms

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

CHEN Hai; ZHUANG Ping; ZHANG Yu-qing; LI Jian-yu; LI Yong-jie

2009-01-01

Background It has been proposed that parkinsonian motor signs result from hyperactivity in the output nucleus of the basal ganglia, which suppress the motor thalamus and cortical areas. This study aimed to explore the neuronal activity in the globus pallidus internus (GPi) and the ventrolateral thalamic nuclear group (ventral oral posterior/ventral intermediate, Vop/Vim) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods Twenty patients with PD who underwent neurosurgery were studied. Microelectrode recording was performed in the GPi (n=10) and the Vop/Vim (n=10) intraoperatively. Electromyography (EMG) contralateral to the surgery was simultaneously performed. Single unit analysis was carried out. The interspike intervals (ISI) and coefficient of variation (CV) of ISI were calculated. Histograms of ISI were constructed. A unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) was used to assess the clinical outcome of surgery.Results Three hundred and sixty-three neurons were obtained from 20 trajectories. Of 175 GPi neurons, there were 15.4% with tremor frequency, 69.2% with tonic firing, and 15.4% with irregular discharge. Of 188 thalamic neurons, there were 46.8% with tremor frequency, 22.9% with tonic firing, and 30.3% with irregular discharge. The numbers of three patterns of neuron in GPi and Vop/Vim were significantly different (P <0.001). ISI analysis revealed that mean firing rate of the three patterns of GPi neurons was (80.9±63.9) Hz (n=78), which was higher than similar neurons with 62.9 Hz in a normal primate. For the Vop/Vim group, ISI revealed that mean firing rate of the three patterns of neurons (n=95) was (23.2±17.1) Hz which was lower than similar neurons with 30 Hz in the motor thalamus of normal primates. UPDRS indicated that the clinical outcome of pallidotomy was (64.3±9.5)%, (83.4±19.1)% and (63.4±36.3)%, and clinical outcome of thalamotomy was (92.2±12.9)%, (68.0±25.2)% and (44.3±27.2)% for tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia, respectively

Cognition and Depression Following Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus and Globus Pallidus Pars Internus in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis.

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Combs, Hannah L; Folley, Bradley S; Berry, David T R; Segerstrom, Suzanne C; Han, Dong Y; Anderson-Mooney, Amelia J; Walls, Brittany D; van Horne, Craig

2015-12-01

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common, degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Individuals experience predominantly extrapyramidal symptoms including resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, gait abnormalities, cognitive impairment, depression, and neurobehavioral concerns. Cognitive impairments associated with PD are diverse, including difficulty with attention, processing speed, executive functioning, memory recall, visuospatial functions, word-retrieval, and naming. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or globus pallidus internus (GPi) is FDA approved and has been shown to be effective in reducing motor symptoms of PD. Studies have found that stimulating STN and GPi are equally effective at improving motor symptoms and dyskinesias; however, there has been discrepancy as to whether the cognitive, behavioral, and mood symptoms are affected differently between the two targets. The present study used random-effects meta-analytic models along with a novel p-curve analytic procedure to compare the potential cognitive and emotional impairments associated with STN-DBS in the current literature to those associated with GPi-DBS. Forty-one articles were reviewed with an aggregated sample size of 1622 patients. Following STN-DBS, small declines were found in psychomotor speed, memory, attention, executive functions, and overall cognition; and moderate declines were found in both semantic and phonemic fluency. However, GPi-DBS resulted in fewer neurocognitive declines than STN-DBS (small declines in attention and small-moderate declines in verbal fluency). With regards to its effect on depression symptomatology, both GPi-DBS and STN-DBS resulted in lower levels of depressive symptoms post-surgery. From a neurocognitive standpoint, both GPi-DBS and STN-DBS produce subtle cognitive declines but appears to be relatively well tolerated.

Dopamine depletion increases the power and coherence of high-voltage spindles in the globus pallidus and motor cortex of freely moving rats.

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Ge, Shunnan; Yang, Chen; Li, Min; Li, Jiang; Chang, Xiaozan; Fu, Jian; Chen, Lei; Chang, Chongwang; Wang, Xuelian; Zhu, Junling; Gao, Guodong

2012-07-17

Studies on patients with Parkinson's disease and in animal models have observed enhanced synchronization of oscillations in several frequency bands within and between the cortical-basal ganglia (BG) structures. Recent research has also shown that synchronization of high-voltage spindles (HVSs) in the cortex, striatum and substantia nigra pars reticulate is increased by dopamine depletion. However, more evidence is needed to determine whether HVS activity in the whole cortex-BG network represents homologous alteration following dopamine depletion. As the globus pallidus (GP) is in a central position to propagate and synchronize oscillations in the cortical-BG circuits, we employed local-field potentials and electrocorticogram to simultaneously record oscillations in the GP and primary (M1) and secondary (M2) motor cortices on freely moving 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned and control rats. Results showed that HVS episodes recorded from GP, and M2 and M1 cortex areas were more numerous and longer in 6-OHDA lesioned rats compared to controls. Relative power associated with HVS activity in the GP, and M2 and M1 cortices of 6-OHDA lesioned rats was significantly greater than that for control rats. Coherence values for HVS activity between the GP, and M2 and M1 cortex areas were significantly increased by dopamine depletion. Time lag between the M1 cortex HVS and GP HVS was significantly shorter for dopamine depleted than normal rats. Findings indicate a crucial rule for dopamine in the regulation of HVS activity in the whole cortical-BG circuit, and suggest a close relationship between abnormally synchronized HVS oscillations in the cortex-BG network and Parkinson's disease. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Altered effective connectivity network of the basal ganglia in low-grade hepatic encephalopathy: a resting-state fMRI study with Granger causality analysis.

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Rongfeng Qi

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The basal ganglia often show abnormal metabolism and intracranial hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE. Little is known about how the basal ganglia affect other brain system and is affected by other brain regions in HE. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the effective connectivity network associated with the basal ganglia is disturbed in HE patients by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Thirty five low-grade HE patients and thirty five age- and gender- matched healthy controls participated in the rs-fMRI scans. The effective connectivity networks associated with the globus pallidus, the primarily affected region within basal ganglia in HE, were characterized by using the Granger causality analysis and compared between HE patients and healthy controls. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between the abnormal effective connectivity and venous blood ammonia levels and neuropsychological performances of all HE patients. Compared with the healthy controls, patients with low-grade HE demonstrated mutually decreased influence between the globus pallidus and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC, cuneus, bi-directionally increased influence between the globus pallidus and the precuneus, and either decreased or increased influence from and to the globus pallidus in many other frontal, temporal, parietal gyri, and cerebellum. Pearson correlation analyses revealed that the blood ammonia levels in HE patients negatively correlated with effective connectivity from the globus pallidus to ACC, and positively correlated with that from the globus pallidus to precuneus; and the number connectivity test scores in patients negatively correlated with the effective connectivity from the globus pallidus to ACC, and from superior frontal gyrus to globus pallidus. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Low-grade HE patients had disrupted effective

Management of Globus Pharyngeus

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S. Kortequee

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Globus pharyngeus is a common ENT condition. This paper reviews the current evidence on globus and gives a rational guide to the management of patients with globus. The aetiology of globus is still unclear though most ENT surgeons believe that reflux whether acidic or not plays a significant role. Though proton pump inhibitors are used extensively in practice, there is little evidence to support their efficacy. Most patients with globus can be discharged after simple office investigations. The role of pepsin-induced laryngeal injury is an exciting concept that needs further study. Given the benign nature of globus pharyngeus, in most cases, reassurance rather than treatment or extensive investigation with rigid oesophagoscopy or contrast swallows is all that is needed. We need more research into the aetiology of globus.

Deep Brain Stimulation of the Globus Pallidus Internus in Patients with Intractable Tourette Syndrome: A 1-year Follow-up Study

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Xiao-Hua Zhang; Jian-Yu Li; Yu-Qing Zhang; Yong-Jie Li

2016-01-01

Background:Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been a promising treatment for patients with refractory Tourette syndrome (TS) for more than a decade.Despite successful DBS treatment of TS in more than 100 patients worldwide,studies with a large patient sample and long-term follow-up assessments are still scarce.Accordingly,we investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS in the treatment of intractable TS in 24 patients with a l-year follow-up assessment.Methods:Bilateral/unilateral GPi-DBS was performed in 24 patients with TS.We evaluated symptoms of tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) through the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and Yale-Brown Obsessive-compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).We used the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised in China (WAIS-RC) to evaluate the safety of the treatment.We conducted follow-up assessments of all patients for at least 12 months (12-99 months).Results:Symptoms of tics and OCD were significantly relieved at a 12-month follow-up assessment.The mean YGTSS score was 74.04 ± 11.52,49.83 ± 10.91,32.58 ± 7.97,and 31.21 ± 8.87 at baseline,3,6,and 12 months,respectively.The mean YGTSS scores obtained at the follow-up assessments were significantly different from the baseline (P ＜ 0.05).The improvement in motor tics was superior to that in phonic tics.The mean Y-BOCS scores were 21.61 ± 4.97,18 ± 4.58,14.39 ± 3.99,and 13.78 ± 4.56 at baseline,3,6,and 12 months,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).We observed a remarkable improvement in psychiatric comorbidities,such as OCD and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,after the procedure.WAIS-RC scores were comparable before and after the operation.There were no severe postoperative complications.Conclusion:GPi-DBS appears to comprehensively alleviate tic symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with TS,thus significantly improving patients' quality of life.

Visualization of the internal globus pallidus: sequence and orientation for deep brain stimulation using a standard installation protocol at 3.0 Tesla.

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Nölte, Ingo S; Gerigk, Lars; Al-Zghloul, Mansour; Groden, Christoph; Kerl, Hans U

2012-03-01

Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal globus pallidus (GPi) has shown remarkable therapeutic benefits for treatment-resistant neurological disorders including dystonia and Parkinson's disease (PD). The success of the DBS is critically dependent on the reliable visualization of the GPi. The aim of the study was to evaluate promising 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods for pre-stereotactic visualization of the GPi using a standard installation protocol. MRI at 3.0 T of nine healthy individuals and of one patient with PD was acquired (FLAIR, T1-MPRAGE, T2-SPACE, T2*-FLASH2D, susceptibility-weighted imaging mapping (SWI)). Image quality and visualization of the GPi for each sequence were assessed by two neuroradiologists independently using a 6-point scale. Axial, coronal, and sagittal planes of the T2*-FLASH2D images were compared. Inter-rater reliability, contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) for the GPi were determined. For illustration, axial T2*-FLASH2D images were fused with a section schema of the Schaltenbrand-Wahren stereotactic atlas. The GPi was best and reliably visualized in axial and to a lesser degree on coronal T2*-FLASH2D images. No major artifacts in the GPi were observed in any of the sequences. SWI offered a significantly higher CNR for the GPi compared to standard T2-weighted imaging using the standard parameters. The fusion of the axial T2*-FLASH2D images and the atlas projected the GPi clearly in the boundaries of the section schema. Using a standard installation protocol at 3.0 T T2*-FLASH2D imaging (particularly axial view) provides optimal and reliable delineation of the GPi.

Brain MR imaging in patients with hepatic cirrhosis: relationship between high intensity signal in basal ganglia on T1-weighted images and elemental concentrations in brain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maeda, H.; Sato, M.; Yoshikawa, A.; Kimura, M.; Sonomura, T.; Terada, M.; Kishi, K.

1997-01-01

In patients with hepatic cirrhosis, the globus pallidus and putamen show high intensity on T1-weighted MRI. While the causes of this high signal have been thought to include paramagnetic substances, especially manganese, no evidence for this has been presented. Autopsy in four cases of hepatic cirrhosis permitted measurement of metal concentrations in brain and histopathological examination. In three cases the globus pallidus showed high intensity on T1-weighted images. Mean manganese concentrations in globus pallidus, putamen and frontal white matter were 3.03 ± 0.38, 2.12 ± 0.37, and 1.38 ± 0.24 (μg/g wet weight), respectively, being approximately four- to almost ten-fold the normal values. Copper concentrations in globus pallidus and putamen were also high, 50 % more than normal. Calcium, iron, zinc and magnesium concentrations were all normal. The fourth case showed no abnormal intensity in the basal ganglia and brain metal concentrations were all normal. Histopathologically, cases with showing high signal remarkable atrophy, necrosis, and deciduation of nerve cells and proliferation of glial cells and microglia in globus pallidus. These findings were similar to those in chronic manganese poisoning. On T1-weighted images, copper deposition shows no abnormal intensity. It is therefore inferred that deposition of highly concentrations of manganese may caused high signal on T1-weighted images and nerve cell death in the globus pallidus. (orig.). With 2 figs., 2 tabs

Lacunar infarct during pallidotomy: case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Christoforidis, G.A.; Spickler, E.M.; Papaioannou, G.; Junn, F.

2001-01-01

A symptomatic lacunar infarct is an unusual complication which may develop during stereotactically guided pallidotomy using radiofrequency thermoablation. We describe a 54-year-old man with Parkinson's disease involving predominantly the right side, progressively deteriorating under medical management. He underwent stereotactically guided radiofrequency thermoablation of the posteroventral globus pallidus interna. Despite intraoperative microelectrode recording and stimulation, the patient developed right facial weakness and pronator drift during the procedure. MRI showed a small lacunar infarct in the left internal capsule, in addition to the appropriately placed ablative lesion. We discuss the potential mechanisms for this type of injury. (orig.)

Multiplicative multifractal modeling and discrimination of human neuronal activity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zheng Yi; Gao Jianbo; Sanchez, Justin C.; Principe, Jose C.; Okun, Michael S.

2005-01-01

Understanding neuronal firing patterns is one of the most important problems in theoretical neuroscience. It is also very important for clinical neurosurgery. In this Letter, we introduce a computational procedure to examine whether neuronal firing recordings could be characterized by cascade multiplicative multifractals. By analyzing raw recording data as well as generated spike train data from 3 patients collected in two brain areas, the globus pallidus externa (GPe) and the globus pallidus interna (GPi), we show that the neural firings are consistent with a multifractal process over certain time scale range (t 1 ,t 2 ), where t 1 is argued to be not smaller than the mean inter-spike-interval of neuronal firings, while t 2 may be related to the time that neuronal signals propagate in the major neural branching structures pertinent to GPi and GPe. The generalized dimension spectrum D q effectively differentiates the two brain areas, both intra- and inter-patients. For distinguishing between GPe and GPi, it is further shown that the cascade model is more effective than the methods recently examined by Schiff et al. as well as the Fano factor analysis. Therefore, the methodology may be useful in developing computer aided tools to help clinicians perform precision neurosurgery in the operating room

MRI findings of the brain after gas explosion and its relationship with post-traumatic stress disorder

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao Ruifeng; Jin Yilong; Li Huabing; Li Shufeng; Tian Shuwen; Li Haixue; Chen Yanhui; Wang Tianliang; Ma Lin; Ren Zijing; Ma Lin

2008-01-01

Objective: To investigate MR findings and dynamic changes of the brain after gas explosion, and to evaluate the relationship between MR findings and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: Forty-nine survivors of a gas explosion (group A) were examined with brain MRI within 1 to 3 days, and serial MR follow-up examinations were also performed. Forty miners not under the ground that day were assigned as group B, and 40 staff working on the ground as group C. The signal intensity values of hippocampus and globus pallidus on T 2 WI were measured in the three groups and F test was performed by using SPSS 13.0. The relationship between signal intensity values of hippocampus/globus pallidus and PTSD was explored, and the relationship between ADC values of hippocampus and PTSD was also investigated. Results: In group A, slight low signal on T 1 WI and high signal on T 2 WI were detected on initial MRI in hippocarnpus (33 cases), globus pallidus (12 cases), cortex (10 cases), and midbrain (2 cases), respectively. On follow-up MRI at 2 months, lesions in hippocampus disappeared (25 cases) or remained slight high signal on T 2 WI (8 cases), lesions in globus pallidus disappeared (3 cases, 5 sides) or showed shrinkage and encephalomalacia (9 cases), cortical lesions resulted in encephalomalacia in 2 cases and returned normal in the others, and lesions in the midbrain showed encephalomalacia. For comparison of T 2 signal intensity values in hippocampus and globus pallidus, there was significant difference between group A and group B (P 0.05). In group A, the T 2 signal intensities of PTSD and non- PTSD were 455 ± 37 and 462 ± 53 in the left hippocampus, and 458 ± 36 and 460 ± 43 in the right hippocampus on 1 to 3 days, and the T 2 signal intensities of PTSD and non-PTSD were 438 ± 29 and 424 ± 37 in the left hippocampus, and 442 ± 31 and 430 ± 32 in the right hippocampus at 2 months. The T 2 signal intensities of PTSD and non-PTSD were 361 ± 35 and 366 ± 63

Massive calcification in basal ganglia, thalamus and cerebellum caused by postoperative hypoparathyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Toneva, T.; Mlachkova, D.; Kaitazki, L.; Boneva, J.; Yordanova, S.

2015-01-01

The depicted case is of a 65 year old woman, who was admitted to hospital with complaints of excess sweating, dizziness and loss of consciousness. Symptomatic epilepsy was established after examination from a neurologist. A CT scan showed hyperdense symmetrical striation of the hemisphere of the small brain (parasagittal); symmetrical double-sided calcifications in the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, thalamus and medial to the capsula interna; snake-like calcifications of the sulcus (occipital, parasagittai). Paraclinical tests have found hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism. Past illnesses: resection of the thyroid due to a nodose struma 20 years before. Key words: Calcifications in Basal Ganglia. Calcifications in the Cerebrum. Hypoparathyroidism

Brain CT scan in acute carbon monoxide poisoning

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We, En-Huei

1986-01-01

The brain CT findings in 19 patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning was analysed and the emphasis was placed on the relationship between CT findings and prognosis. Five had a normal manifestation in CT ; eight had the findings of ovoid or patchy low density area in globus pallidus, bilateral or unlateral, during the second day to fifth week after poisoning, and the low density areas were decreasing and blurring in edge in follow up and at last disappeared during 3 - 14 weeks in three cases of them ; nine showed the appearance of diffuse low density of white matter and of globus pallidus in some of them ; two had an appearance of brain atrophy. The pathology of CT findings mentioned above may be brain edema, necrosis, malacia and degeneration in gray matter and globus pallidus. The result suggested the cases with normal CT manifestation, cerebral edema and decreasing and disappearing low density area had a good prognosis, in contrary, the cases with persistant low density in globus pallidus had a poorer prognosis. (author)

Globus File Transfer Services | High-Performance Computing | NREL

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installed on the systems at both ends of the data transfer. The NREL endpoint is nrel#globus. Click Login on the Globus web site. On the login page select "Globus ID" as the login method and click Login to the Globus website. From the Manage Data drop down menu, select Transfer Files. Then click Get

Reclassification of Geobacillus pallidus (Scholz et al. 1988) Banat et al. 2004 as Aeribacillus pallidus gen. nov., comb. nov.

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Miñana-Galbis, David; Pinzón, Dora L; Lorén, J Gaspar; Manresa, Angels; Oliart-Ros, Rosa M

2010-07-01

Although Anoxybacillus and Geobacillus, two genera of thermophilic bacteria close to the genus Bacillus, have only been described recently, the number of species in these genera has increased rapidly. Four thermophilic, lipolytic strains (DR01, DR02, DR03 and DR04) isolated from a hot spring in Veracruz (Mexico), which could not be identified phenotypically, were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Three strains were identified as belonging to the genus Anoxybacillus, but strain DR03 was identified as Geobacillus pallidus. This result led us to perform a phylogenetic analysis of the genera Anoxybacillus and Geobacillus based on 16S rRNA gene sequences from all the type strains of these genera. Phylogenetic trees showed three major clusters, Anoxybacillus-Geobacillus tepidamans, Geobacillus sensu stricto and Geobacillus pallidus, while the 16S rRNA gene sequences of G. pallidus (DR03 and the type strain) showed low similarity to sequences of Anoxybacillus (92.5-95.1 %) and Geobacillus (92.8-94.5 %) species, as well as to Bacillus subtilis (92.2-92.4 %). In addition, G. pallidus could be differentiated from Anoxybacillus and Geobacillus on the basis of DNA G+C content and fatty acid and polar lipid profiles. From these results, it is proposed that Geobacillus pallidus should be classified in a novel genus, for which we propose the name Aeribacillus, as Aeribacillus pallidus gen. nov., comb. nov. The type strain of Aeribacillus pallidus is H12(T) (=ATCC 51176(T) =DSM 3670(T) =LMG 19006(T)).

Simultaneous Activation of Multiple Memory Systems during Learning: Insights from Electrophysiology and Modeling

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-01

autonomic and pain functions, and facilitating/inhibiting voluntary movements. The external segment of the globus pallidus (globus pallidus externa, GPe...or less responsive to pain stimuli. 1.2.4. Other cortico-basal ganglia loops Alexander, Strick and colleagues have additionally defined a number of... orofacial loop and loops through inferotemporal and posterior parietal cortical areas have also been defined. 1.2.5. Interactions between loops Once

Gastropharyngeal and gastroesophageal reflux in globus and hoarseness

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Smit, C. F.; van Leeuwen, J. A.; Mathus-Vliegen, L. M.; Devriese, P. P.; Semin, A.; Tan, J.; Schouwenburg, P. F.

2000-01-01

The role of gastropharyngeal reflux in patients with globus pharyngeus and hoarseness remains unclear. To evaluate patients with complaints of globus, hoarseness, or globus and hoarseness combined for the presence of gastropharyngeal and gastroesophageal reflux. Prospective clinical cohort study of

MRI of bilirubin encephalopathy (kernicterus: A case series of 4 patients from Sub-Saharan Africa, May 2017

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Getachew Assefa Neknek, MD

2018-06-01

Full Text Available Characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI findings in patients with chronic kernicterus are bilateral and symmetric T2-weighted hyperintensities in the globus pallidus. We report 4 cases of infants with clinical, laboratory, and MRI findings of kernicterus in this case series. This is the first MRI report of kernicterus in Ethiopia. Awareness of the disease is raised in this report, and the role of magnetic resonance in detecting signal abnormalities associated with kernicterus in the globus pallidi is underscored. We recommend MRI to be part of the investigation in neonates with jaundice. Keywords: Kernicterus, Globus pallidus, MRI

Cranial MRI in hepatic disease; Relationship between MR imaging and clinical symptoms and laboratory analysis of liver function

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iijima, Masakazu; Kamitani, Toshiaki; Kamakura, Keiko; Nagata, Naokazu; Tsuchiya, Kazuhiro (National Defense Medical Coll., Tokorozawa, Saitama (Japan))

1993-10-01

Magnetic resonance imaging studies on 12 cases with hepatic disease were performed. In 11 adult patients with chronic hepatic failure, T[sub 1]-weighted images demonstrated increased signal in the globus pallidus in 7 patients (63.6%) and in some parts of the cerebral peduncles in 6 patients (54.5%), in the substantia innominata in 4 patients (36.3%). There might be some correlation between the abnormality of MR imaging and clinical symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy. There was a significant correlation between the intensity of the signal and Fischer's ratio of amino acid analysis. In one patient with Wilson's disease, who developed symptoms of central nervous system, T[sub 1]-weighted images demonstrated increased signal in the globus pallidus. After treatment of D-penicillamine, the signal of the globus pallidus decreased. (author).

Diagnostic value of conventional MRI combined with DTI for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

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Ruifang Yan

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB is a common clinical disease and can cause bilirubin encephalopathy in severe cases. It is now widely accepted that increased signal intensity in the globus pallidus on MR T1WI is an important sign of neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy. And brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI has not been used extensively to study hyperbilirubinemia (HB. So we compared newborns with different hyperbilirubinemia of different severities and healthy newborns in order to determine the relationships among MRI signal intensities, serum bilirubin levels, and the molecular changes in brain water diffusion in hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: Seventy-three newborns with hyperbilirubinemia were grouped into three groups: the mild increase group (M, 27 cases, the moderate increase group (O, 28 cases, and the severe group (S, 18 cases. The groups were based on serum bilirubin levels. We performed cranial MRI in these newborns, as well as 29 healthy full-term infants (group N. We compared and analyzed the mean signal values for the globus pallidus and the relationship between the bilirubin level and the score on the neonatal behavioral neurological assessment. Fifteen, 10, and 10 patients in groups M, O + S, and N were successfully examined using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI. We assessed the relationships among the signal from the globus pallidus, fractional anisotropy (FA, and average diffusion coefficient (DCav of the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC. Results: There were significant differences in the mean signal value of bilateral globus pallidus between group O/S and group N [p = 0.029 and 0.000 (left, 0.038 and 0.000 (right]. There were no significant differences in bilateral FA or DCav values between the patient groups and group N. The bilateral PLIC-FA and DCav values were significantly different between the patient groups and group N (P = 0.014 and 0.047, respectively. Conclusions: Increased signal intensity

Globus Identity, Access, and Data Management: Platform Services for Collaborative Science

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Ananthakrishnan, R.; Foster, I.; Wagner, R.

2016-12-01

Globus is software-as-a-service for research data management, developed at, and operated by, the University of Chicago. Globus, accessible at www.globus.org, provides high speed, secure file transfer; file sharing directly from existing storage systems; and data publication to institutional repositories. 40,000 registered users have used Globus to transfer tens of billions of files totaling hundreds of petabytes between more than 10,000 storage systems within campuses and national laboratories in the US and internationally. Web, command line, and REST interfaces support both interactive use and integration into applications and infrastructures. An important component of the Globus system is its foundational identity and access management (IAM) platform service, Globus Auth. Both Globus research data management and other applications use Globus Auth for brokering authentication and authorization interactions between end-users, identity providers, resource servers (services), and a range of clients, including web, mobile, and desktop applications, and other services. Compliant with important standards such as OAuth, OpenID, and SAML, Globus Auth provides mechanisms required for an extensible, integrated ecosystem of services and clients for the research and education community. It underpins projects such as the US National Science Foundation's XSEDE system, NCAR's Research Data Archive, and the DOE Systems Biology Knowledge Base. Current work is extending Globus services to be compliant with FEDRAMP standards for security assessment, authorization, and monitoring for cloud services. We will present Globus IAM solutions and give examples of Globus use in various projects for federated access to resources. We will also describe how Globus Auth and Globus research data management capabilities enable rapid development and low-cost operations of secure data sharing platforms that leverage Globus services and integrate them with local policy and security.

Epiglottic cyst as an etiological factor of globus sensation.

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Polat, Bahtiyar; Karahatay, Serdar; Gerek, Mustafa

2015-09-01

Globus is a subjective complaint that describes a sensation of a lump or a foreign body in the throat. Despite being a well-known and common clinical condition, the etiological factors have not been definitely elucidated yet. The study was set up to ascertain the relationship between epiglottic cysts and globus sensation. All patients undergoing investigation and treatments for globus sensation were included in the study. Patients with epiglottic cysts but no other possible causes of globus sensation were constituted the series of patients. Patients were asked to assess the levels of complaint before and after the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser excisions of the cysts. Epiglottic cysts were found in 10 (5.4%) of the 182 patients. Three of these 10 patients who had concomitant diseases or conditions that may cause globus sensation and one patient who refused the surgery were excluded from the study. All the remaining six patients reported relief of the globus sensation after the CO2 laser excisions of the cysts. Our results, obtained from this limited series, indicated that epiglottic cysts may be considered as one of the etiological factors of globus sensation.

Application experiences with the Globus toolkit.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brunett, S.

1998-06-09

The Globus grid toolkit is a collection of software components designed to support the development of applications for high-performance distributed computing environments, or ''computational grids'' [14]. The Globus toolkit is an implementation of a ''bag of services'' architecture, which provides application and tool developers not with a monolithic system but rather with a set of stand-alone services. Each Globus component provides a basic service, such as authentication, resource allocation, information, communication, fault detection, and remote data access. Different applications and tools can combine these services in different ways to construct ''grid-enabled'' systems. The Globus toolkit has been used to construct the Globus Ubiquitous Supercomputing Testbed, or GUSTO: a large-scale testbed spanning 20 sites and included over 4000 compute nodes for a total compute power of over 2 TFLOPS. Over the past six months, we and others have used this testbed to conduct a variety of application experiments, including multi-user collaborative environments (tele-immersion), computational steering, distributed supercomputing, and high throughput computing. The goal of this paper is to review what has been learned from these experiments regarding the effectiveness of the toolkit approach. To this end, we describe two of the application experiments in detail, noting what worked well and what worked less well. The two applications are a distributed supercomputing application, SF-Express, in which multiple supercomputers are harnessed to perform large distributed interactive simulations; and a tele-immersion application, CAVERNsoft, in which the focus is on connecting multiple people to a distributed simulated world.

Radiologic evaluation of the globus symptom using videotape recorder

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Myeong Jin; Chung, Tae Sub; Lee, Jong Tae; Yoo, Hyung Sik; Suh, Jung Ho; Chang, Tae Young; Park, In Yong

1988-01-01

The authors examined barium swallow in 213 patients with globus symptom and 79 patients with vague gastric problems without globus symptom. Abnormal findings were more frequently detected on videorecording than on conventional esophagogram. Radiologic findings were transient cricopharyngeal indentation (CPI), residual barium collection and delayed clearing from hypopharynx (RB), laryngeal penetration of barium, barium retention in vallecula and or pyriform sinuses. Among them residual barium in hypopharynx was more frequently detected in patients with globus symptom than in patients without globus symptom. Globus symptom was more frequent in adult women, but age and sex difference did not affect the incidence of the abnormal radiologic findings. Cricopharyngeal indentation was most frequently seen at the level of C5-6 interspace and had a tendency of moving upward gradually during the indentation in about half of the cases. Most of the CPI was seen in early phase of swallowing and was visible within 1 sec. Residual barium collection was mostly seen in C6 or C6-7 level. RB had no cause and effect relationship with CPI, and it was not secondary result of obstructive effect of CPI. The authors think that videotape recording can be a useful method for evaluation of globus symptom. The residual barium collection in hypopharynx can be a significant finding in globus symptom

Microstructural Changes within the Basal Ganglia Differ between Parkinson Disease Subtypes.

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Nagae, Lidia M; Honce, Justin M; Tanabe, Jody; Shelton, Erika; Sillau, Stefan H; Berman, Brian D

2016-01-01

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the substantia nigra has shown promise in detecting and quantifying neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease (PD). It remains unknown, however, whether differences in microstructural changes within the basal ganglia underlie PD motor subtypes. We investigated microstructural changes within the basal ganglia of mild to moderately affected PD patients using DTI and sought to determine if microstructural changes differ between the tremor dominant (TD) and postural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD) subtypes. Fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial, and axial diffusivity were obtained from bilateral caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra of 21 PD patients (12 TD and 9 PIGD) and 20 age-matched healthy controls. T-tests and ANOVA methods were used to compare PD patients, subtypes, and controls, and Spearman correlations tested for relationships between DTI and clinical measures. We found our cohort of PD patients had reduced fractional anisotropy within the substantia nigra and increased mean and radial diffusivity within the substantia nigra and globus pallidus compared to controls, and that changes within those structures were largely driven by the PIGD subtype. Across all PD patients fractional anisotropy within the substantia nigra correlated with disease stage, while in PIGD patients increased diffusivity within the globus pallidus correlated with disease stage and motor severity. We conclude that PIGD patients have more severely affected microstructural changes within the substantia nigra compared to TD, and that microstructural changes within the globus pallidus may be particularly relevant for the manifestation of the PIGD subtype.

Holmes’ Tremor with Shoulder Pain Treated by Deep Brain Stimulation of Unilateral Ventral Intermediate Thalamic Nucleus and Globus Pallidus Internus

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Sabri Aydın

2017-05-01

Full Text Available A 21-year-old male was admitted with severe right arm and hand tremors after a thalamic hemorrhage caused by a traffic accident. He was also suffering from agonizing pain in his right shoulder that manifested after the tremor. Neurologic examination revealed a disabling, severe, and irregular kinetic and postural tremor in the right arm during target-directed movements. There was also an irregular ipsilateral rest tremor and dystonic movements in the distal part of the right arm. The amplitude was moderate at rest and extremely high during kinetic and intentional movements. The patient underwent left globus pallidum internus and ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. The patient improved by more than 80% as rated by the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale and Visual Analog Scale six months after surgery.

Studies on the clinical significance of pallidal high intensity of T1-weighted MR imaging in patients with liver cirrhosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morino, Koutaro

1997-01-01

We investigated the clinical significances of signals in cirrhotic patients with special relation to subclinical hepatic encephalopathy. MRI was carried out in 30 patients with liver cirrhosis in the abscence of hepatic encephalopathy greater than grade II, and in 20 healthy subjects. Signal intensity of the globus pallidus was standardized to GP index. GP index=100 x (signal intensity of the globus pallidus - signal intensity of the putamen)/(signal intensity of the globus pallidus + signal intensity of the putamen). Normal value of GP index obtained in healthy subjects was -0.66∼4.70. Twenty seven of 30 cirrhotic patients showed GP index higher than the normal range. GP index correlated significantly with the blood manganese concentration. This observation suggested that the pallidal high intensity signals were brought about by the deposition of Mn in the globus pallidus. GP index correlated significantly with the central conduction time (CCT) measured by somatosensory evoked potentials. GP index and CCT may reflect the similar pathophysiological changes of the brain in patients with liver cirrhosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that GP index was explained well by the presence of portal systemic shunts and by preceding histories of hepatic encephalopathy but not by the present grade of the liver parenchymal damage. For the earlier diagnosis of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy, GP index showed an excellent parameter similar to those of somatosensory evoked potentials and psychometric tests. GP index is favorable than electrophysiological methods in terms of its non-invasiveness to the patients and simplicity of the examination technique. (K.H.)

Studies on the clinical significance of pallidal high intensity of T{sub 1}-weighted MR imaging in patients with liver cirrhosis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morino, Koutaro [Gifu Univ. (Japan). School of Medicine

1997-03-01

We investigated the clinical significances of signals in cirrhotic patients with special relation to subclinical hepatic encephalopathy. MRI was carried out in 30 patients with liver cirrhosis in the abscence of hepatic encephalopathy greater than grade II, and in 20 healthy subjects. Signal intensity of the globus pallidus was standardized to GP index. GP index=100 x (signal intensity of the globus pallidus - signal intensity of the putamen)/(signal intensity of the globus pallidus + signal intensity of the putamen). Normal value of GP index obtained in healthy subjects was -0.66{approx}4.70. Twenty seven of 30 cirrhotic patients showed GP index higher than the normal range. GP index correlated significantly with the blood manganese concentration. This observation suggested that the pallidal high intensity signals were brought about by the deposition of Mn in the globus pallidus. GP index correlated significantly with the central conduction time (CCT) measured by somatosensory evoked potentials. GP index and CCT may reflect the similar pathophysiological changes of the brain in patients with liver cirrhosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that GP index was explained well by the presence of portal systemic shunts and by preceding histories of hepatic encephalopathy but not by the present grade of the liver parenchymal damage. For the earlier diagnosis of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy, GP index showed an excellent parameter similar to those of somatosensory evoked potentials and psychometric tests. GP index is favorable than electrophysiological methods in terms of its non-invasiveness to the patients and simplicity of the examination technique. (K.H.)

Endorphin mediation of post-ictal effects of kindled seizures in rats.

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Kelsey, J E; Belluzzi, J D

1982-12-16

Brief electrical stimulation of the enkephalin-rich globus pallidus at 1-h intervals produced kindled, clonic seizures in rats as rapidly as similar stimulation of the amygdala. Massing the kindling trials at 10-min intervals inhibited the occurrence of subsequent seizures, especially following globus pallidus stimulation. Naloxone (20 mg/kg), an opiate receptor antagonist, reversed this post-ictal inhibition of seizures following massed trials, but had no effect on seizures kindled at 1-h intervals. Thus, endorphin-released during seizures do not appear to mediate the production of kindled seizures, but do appear to mediate the transient posts ictal inhibition of seizures.

A GridFTP transport driver for Globus XIO

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kettimuthu, R.; Wantao, L.; Link, J.; Bresnahan, J.

2008-01-01

GridFTP is a high-performance, reliable data transfer protocol optimized for high-bandwidth wide-area networks. Based on the Internet FTP protocol, it defines extensions for high-performance operation and security. The Globus implementation of GridFTP provides a modular and extensible data transfer system architecture suitable for wide area and high-performance environments. GridFTP is the de facto standard in projects requiring secure, robust, high-speed bulk data transport. For example, the high energy physics community is basing its entire tiered data movement infrastructure for the Large Hadron Collider computing Grid on GridFTP; the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory routinely uses GridFTP to move 1 TB a day during production runs; and GridFTP is the recommended data transfer mechanism to maximize data transfer rates on the TeraGrid. Commonly used GridFTP clients include globus-url-copy, uberftp, and the Globus Reliable File Transfer service. In this paper, we present a Globus XIO based client to GridFTP that provides a simple Open/Close/Read/Write (OCRW) interface to the users. Such a client greatly eases the addition of GridFTP support to third-party programs, such as SRB and MPICH-G2. Further, this client provides an easier and familiar interface for applications to efficiently access remote files. We compare the performance of this client with that of globus-url-copy on multiple endpoints in the TeraGrid infrastructure. We perform both memory-to-memory and disk-to-disk transfers and show that the performance of this OCRW client is comparable to that of globus-url-copy. We also show that our GridFTP client significantly outperforms the GPFS WAN on the TeraGrid.

MR measurement of the basal ganglia volume in the tourette syndrome

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liao Kaibing; Li Guiping; Yang Bo; Feng Gansheng

2014-01-01

Objective: To compare the volume of the basal ganglia in patients with Tourette syndrome (TS) and the normal volunteers and to explore the underlying anatomical basis of TS. Methods: Thirty-one cases of TS (TS subjects), 31 gender and age-matched subjects (the control subjects) were examined on a 3.0 T MRI system. The volume of the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen of the two sides and the brain volume were measured with volume analysis software, and the data were normalized according to the individual brain volume. Statistical analysis was performed using t test to compare between the TS subjects and the controls. Results: The volume of the both sides of the caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus of TS subjects were (4.11 ±0.12) and (3.76 ±0.11), (2.28 ±0.12) and (2.35 ±0.28), (4.98 ±0.20) and (4.89 ±0.31) cm 3 , while they were (4.88 ±0.19) and (4.30 ±0.12), (2.28 ±0.12) and (2.35 ±0.28), (4.98 ±0.20) and (4.89 ±0.31) cm 3 in the controls, respectively. There were significant differences in the bilateral caudate nucleus and globus pallidus between the TS subjects and control subjects (t=2.97, 1.74, 3.72, 3.93, P<0.05), but there were no significant differences of the volume in the bilateral putamen between the TS and control subjects (t=0.47, 1.31, P>0.05). The volume was not significantly different between the left and right caudate nucleus in the TS subjects (t=1.81, P>0.05), but the left volume of the caudate nucleus was bigger in the control subjects compared with the right volume, however, there was significant difference between the bilateral caudate nucleus in the control subjects (t=2.34, P<0.05). There were no differences of volume between the bilateral globus pallidus and putamen in both the TS and control subjects (t=1.12, 1.44, 1.68, 0.38, P>0.05). Conclusion: The abnormal volume of caudate nucleus, putamen, and the globus pallidus may be involved in the pathogenesis of TS. (authors)

Magnetic resonance imaging of functional connectivity in Parkinson disease in the resting brain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Xian; Liu Bo; Luo Xiaodong; Li Ningna; Chen Zhiguang; Chen Jun

2009-01-01

Objective: To investigate functional connectivity changes in Parkinson disease in the resting brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: Nine patients with Parkinson disease and eight age-matched healthy volunteers were entered into the study. The bilateral globus pallidus were chosen as seed points, the functional MR data acquired in the resting state were processed to investigate functional connectivity in PD patients and the results were compared with those of the controls. Results: In age-matched healthy controls, there are regions which had functional connectivity with bilateral globus pallidus, including bilateral temporal poles, bilateral hippocampus, bilateral thalami, posterior cingulate cortex, right middle occipital gyms and right superior parietal gyms. In PD patients, brain regions including bilateral cerebellum, left hippocampus, bilateral superior temporal gyri, left inferior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left precentral gyrus, left inferior parietal gyrus and left superior parietal gyrus, had functional connectivity with bilateral globus pallidus. Compared to healthy controls, increased functional connectivity in bilateral cerebellum, bilateral temporal lobes, left frontal lobe and left parietal lobe, and decreased functional connectivity in bilateral thalami were observed in PD patients. Conclusion: Abnormal changes of brain functional connectivity exists in Parkinson's disease in the resting state. (authors)

Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Higher Control of the Oculomotor System in Parkinson's Disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Antoniades, Chrystalina A; Rebelo, Pedro; Kennard, Christopher; Aziz, Tipu Z; Green, Alexander L; FitzGerald, James J

2015-09-23

The frontal cortex and basal ganglia form a set of parallel but mostly segregated circuits called cortico-basal ganglia loops. The oculomotor loop controls eye movements and can direct relatively simple movements, such as reflexive prosaccades, without external help but needs input from "higher" loops for more complex behaviors. The antisaccade task requires the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is part of the prefrontal loop. Information flows from prefrontal to oculomotor circuits in the striatum, and directional errors in this task can be considered a measure of failure of prefrontal control over the oculomotor loop. The antisaccadic error rate (AER) is increased in Parkinson's disease (PD). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has no effect on the AER, but a previous case suggested that DBS of the globus pallidus interna (GPi) might. Our aim was to compare the effects of STN DBS and GPi DBS on the AER. We tested eye movements in 14 human DBS patients and 10 controls. GPi DBS substantially reduced the AER, restoring lost higher control over oculomotor function. Interloop information flow involves striatal neurons that receive cortical input and project to pallidum. They are normally silent when quiescent, but in PD they fire randomly, creating noise that may account for the degradation in interloop control. The reduced AER with GPi DBS could be explained by retrograde stimulation of striatopallidal axons with consequent activation of inhibitory collaterals and reduction in background striatal firing rates. This study may help explain aspects of PD pathophysiology and the mechanism of action of GPi DBS. Significance statement: Parkinson's disease causes symptoms including stiffness, slowness of movement, and tremor. Electrical stimulation of specific areas deep in the brain can effectively treat these symptoms, but exactly how is not fully understood. Part of the cause of such symptoms may be impairments in the way information flows

A Stepwise Approach: Decreasing Infection in Deep Brain Stimulation for Childhood Dystonic Cerebral Palsy.

Science.gov (United States)

Johans, Stephen J; Swong, Kevin N; Hofler, Ryan C; Anderson, Douglas E

2017-09-01

Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, which cause twisting movements or abnormal postures. Deep brain stimulation has been used to improve the quality of life for secondary dystonia caused by cerebral palsy. Despite being a viable treatment option for childhood dystonic cerebral palsy, deep brain stimulation is associated with a high rate of infection in children. The authors present a small series of patients with dystonic cerebral palsy who underwent a stepwise approach for bilateral globus pallidus interna deep brain stimulation placement in order to decrease the rate of infection. Four children with dystonic cerebral palsy who underwent a total of 13 surgical procedures (electrode and battery placement) were identified via a retrospective review. There were zero postoperative infections. Using a multistaged surgical plan for pediatric patients with dystonic cerebral palsy undergoing deep brain stimulation may help to reduce the risk of infection.

Deep Brain Stimulation Target Selection in an Advanced Parkinson's Disease Patient with Significant Tremor and Comorbid Depression

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amar S. Patel

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Clinical Vignette: A 67-year-old female with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD, medically refractory tremor, and a history of significant depression presents for evaluation of deep brain stimulation (DBS candidacy.  Clinical Dilemma: Traditionally, stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN has been the preferred target for patients with significant PD tremor. However, STN stimulation is avoided in patients with a significant pre-surgical history of mood disorder.  Clinical Solution: Bilateral DBS of the globus pallidus interna led to significant short term improvement in PD motor symptoms, including significant tremor reduction.  Gap in Knowledge: There is insufficient evidence to support or refute clinicians' traditional preference for STN stimulation in treating refractory PD tremor. Similarly, the available evidence for risk of worsening depression and/or suicidality after STN DBS is mixed. Both questions require further clarification to guide patient and clinician decision-making.

Successful deep brain stimulation surgery with intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging on a difficult neuroacanthocytosis case: case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Lim, Thien Thien; Fernandez, Hubert H; Cooper, Scott; Wilson, Kathryn Mary K; Machado, Andre G

2013-07-01

Chorea acanthocytosis is a progressive hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by hyperkinetic movements, seizures, and acanthocytosis in the absence of any lipid abnormality. Medical treatment is typically limited and disappointing. We report on a 32-year-old patient with chorea acanthocytosis with a failed attempt at awake deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery due to intraoperative seizures and postoperative intracranial hematoma. He then underwent a second DBS operation, but under general anesthesia and with intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging guidance. Marked improvement in his dystonia, chorea, and overall quality of life was noted 2 and 8 months postoperatively. DBS surgery of the bilateral globus pallidus pars interna may be useful in controlling the hyperkinetic movements in neuroacanthocytosis. Because of the high propensity for seizures in this disorder, DBS performed under general anesthesia, with intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging guidance, may allow successful implantation while maintaining accurate target localization.

Diagnostic value of low-field MRI for acute poisoning brain injury

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dang Lianrong; He Qinyi

2012-01-01

Objective: To investigate the value of low-field MIR in diagnosis of acute CO poisoning brain injury. Methods: The brain MIR and clinical data of 110 patients with acute CO poisoning brain injury confirmed by clinical examination were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Long T1 and T2 signal intensity was showed on MRI in cerebral hemispheres and globus pallidus symmetrically. There were three basic types of MIR manifestations, white matter of brain type, globus pallidus type and brain mixed type. Conclusions: MRI could be used for confirming the degree and range of acute CO poisoning brain injury. It has important clinical value in the diagnosis, staging and prognosis of patients with acute CO poisoning brain injury. (authors)

Characterization of Thermophilic Halotolerant Aeribacillus pallidus TD1 from Tao Dam Hot Spring, Thailand

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Somchai Santiwatanakul

2011-08-01

Full Text Available The bacterial strain TD1 was isolated from Tao Dam hot spring in Thailand. Strain TD1 was Gram positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, motile, and endospore forming. The cell was 2.0–40 mm in length and about 0.4 mm in diameter. The optimum growth occurred at 55–60 °C and at pH 7–8. Strain TD1 was able to grow on medium containing up to 10% NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 38.9 mol%. The cellular fatty acid content was mainly C16:0, which comprised 25.04% of the total amount of cellular fatty acid. 16S rDNA showed 99% identity to Aeribacillus pallidus DSM 3670T. Bayesian tree analysis strongly supported the idea that strain TD1 is affiliated with genus Aeribacillus, as Aeribacillus pallidus strain TD1. Although the 16S rDNA of A. pallidus strain TD1 is similar to that of A. pallidus DSM 3670T, some physiological properties and the cellular fatty acid profiles differ significantly. A. pallidus strain TD1 can produce extracellular pectate lyase, which has not been reported elsewhere for other bacterial strains in the genus Aeribacillus. A. pallidus strain TD1 may be a good candidate as a pectate lyase producer, which may have useful industrial applications.

Characterization of thermophilic halotolerant Aeribacillus pallidus TD1 from Tao Dam Hot Spring, Thailand.

Science.gov (United States)

Yasawong, Montri; Areekit, Supatra; Pakpitchareon, Arda; Santiwatanakul, Somchai; Chansiri, Kosum

2011-01-01

The bacterial strain TD1 was isolated from Tao Dam hot spring in Thailand. Strain TD1 was Gram positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, motile, and endospore forming. The cell was 2.0-40 μm in length and about 0.4 μm in diameter. The optimum growth occurred at 55-60 °C and at pH 7-8. Strain TD1 was able to grow on medium containing up to 10% NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 38.9 mol%. The cellular fatty acid content was mainly C(16:0), which comprised 25.04% of the total amount of cellular fatty acid. 16S rDNA showed 99% identity to Aeribacillus pallidus DSM 3670(T). Bayesian tree analysis strongly supported the idea that strain TD1 is affiliated with genus Aeribacillus, as Aeribacillus pallidus strain TD1. Although the 16S rDNA of A. pallidus strain TD1 is similar to that of A. pallidus DSM 3670(T), some physiological properties and the cellular fatty acid profiles differ significantly. A. pallidus strain TD1 can produce extracellular pectate lyase, which has not been reported elsewhere for other bacterial strains in the genus Aeribacillus. A. pallidus strain TD1 may be a good candidate as a pectate lyase producer, which may have useful industrial applications.

Globus Online: Climate Data Management for Small Teams

Science.gov (United States)

Ananthakrishnan, R.; Foster, I.

2013-12-01

Large and highly distributed climate data demands new approaches to data organization and lifecycle management. We need, in particular, catalogs that can allow researchers to track the location and properties of large numbers of data files, and management tools that can allow researchers to update data properties and organization during their research, move data among different locations, and invoke analysis computations on data--all as easily as if they were working with small numbers of files on their desktop computer. Both catalogs and management tools often need to be able to scale to extremely large quantities of data. When developing solutions to these problems, it is important to distinguish between the needs of (a) large communities, for whom the ability to organize published data is crucial (e.g., by implementing formal data publication processes, assigning DOIs, recording definitive metadata, providing for versioning), and (b) individual researchers and small teams, who are more frequently concerned with tracking the diverse data and computations involved in what highly dynamic and iterative research processes. Key requirements in the latter case include automated data registration and metadata extraction, ease of update, close-to-zero management overheads (e.g., no local software install); and flexible, user-managed sharing support, allowing read and write privileges within small groups. We describe here how new capabilities provided by the Globus Online system address the needs of the latter group of climate scientists, providing for the rapid creation and establishment of lightweight individual- or team-specific catalogs; the definition of logical groupings of data elements, called datasets; the evolution of catalogs, dataset definitions, and associated metadata over time, to track changes in data properties and organization as a result of research processes; and the manipulation of data referenced by catalog entries (e.g., replication of a dataset to

Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease: New and Emerging Targets for Refractory Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dustin Anderson

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Parkinson’s disease (PD is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural instability (PI, in addition to numerous nonmotor manifestations. Many pharmacological therapies now exist to successfully treat PD motor symptoms; however, as the disease progresses, it often becomes challenging to treat with medications alone. Deep brain stimulation (DBS has become a crucial player in PD treatment, particularly for patients who have disabling motor complications from medical treatment. Well-established DBS targets include the subthalamic nucleus (STN, the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi, and to a lesser degree the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM of the thalamus. Studies of alternative DBS targets for PD are ongoing, the majority of which have shown some clinical benefit; however, more carefully designed and controlled studies are needed. In the present review, we discuss the role of these new and emerging DBS targets in treating refractory axial motor symptoms and other motor and nonmotor symptoms (NMS.

Acute carbon monoxide intoxication : the relation between MR findings and clinical outcome

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chang, Jin Bae; Jeong, Hae Woong; Kim, Ki Nam; Kim, Dong Wook; Kim, Chang Soo

1999-01-01

To analyse MR findings of various involving sites and the relation between such findings and clinical outcome, the authors retrospectively reviewed MR images of acute carbon monoxide intoxication. In 12 patients, MR images obtained from several hours to 12 days after acute carbon monoxide intoxication were reviewed. The images were analysed with regard to involved sites, symmetricity, signal intensity, and the presence or absence of hemorrhage, and the relationship between MR findings and clinical outcome; the presence of delayed encephalopathy was then determined. The globus pallidus(n=9), white matter(n=3), [centrum semiovale(n=2), periventricular white matter(n=1)] and gyrus(n=6) [inferior temporal gyrus(n=2), cingulate gyrus(n=1), precentral gyrus(n=1), hippocampal gyrus(n=1), parahippocampal gyrus(n=1)] were typically involved, and there was also involvenent of the corpus callosum(n=3), thalamus(n=2) and midbrain(n=2). All lesions of the globus pallidus, thalamus, midbrain and temporal lobe were bilaterally symmetric. In all these cases, subtle or prominent low signal intensity was seen on spin-echo T1WI, and high signal intensity on PDWI and T2WI. Some lesions of the globus pallidus(n=1), thalamus(n=1) and midbrain(n=1) were associated with hemorrhage, which occurred during the early subacute stage and was seen on high/low signal intensity T1/T2WI images. Acute cerebral(n=1) and cerebellar(n=1) infarctions were also seen. Cerebral white matter involvement correlated with poor clinical outcome, and in two cases, delayed encephalopathy developed. In these cases of acute carbon monoxide intoxication, the globus pallidus, white matter, cortex and hippocampus were frequently involved, and there was also involvement of various sites such as the corpus callosum, thalamus and midbrain. Lesions of the temporal lobe, thalamus and midbrain were bilaterally symmetric. The involvement of cerebral white matter and the presence of delayed encephalopathy can influence

Esophageal Sensorimotor Function and Psychological Factors Each Contribute to Symptom Severity in Globus Patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Rommel, Nathalie; Van Oudenhove, Lukas; Arts, Joris; Caenepeel, Philip; Tack, Jan; Pauwels, Ans

2016-10-01

Altered upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and esophageal body (EB) sensorimotor function and psychosocial factors may both be involved in symptom generation in globus, but their common impact is not yet assessed. The aim of the study is (1) to compare UES and EB sensitivity and compliance of globus patients with healthy controls (HC); (2) to study the association of globus symptom severity (GSS) with UES and EB sensitivity and compliance, UES motor function and psychosocial factors. In 58 globus patients, GSS, somatization, and anxiety disorders were determined using validated questionnaires. In 26 HC and 42/58 patients, UES and EB sensitivity and compliance were assessed twice using barostat measurements. UES function of 27 globus patients was evaluated using high-resolution manometry. Bivariate correlations and a general linear model tested the association of these factors with GSS. UES and EB compliance did not differ between globus patients and HC. Upon repeated distension, UES habituation was seen in both groups, whereas EB sensitization (23.3±1.3 vs. 19.5±1.5 mm Hg, Pdisorder (t=3.04, P=0.004), and post-traumatic stress severity (ρ=0.40, P=0.005) were associated with GSS. UES compliance and somatization were independently associated with GSS. A trend (P=0.061) was found for the association of GSS with change in EB compliance. UES compliance, change in EB compliance, and somatization explain 40% of the variance in GSS. This indicates that globus is a complex disorder of the brain-gut axis rather than a "psychosomatic" disorder or a peripheral esophageal disorder.

Iron as a risk factor in neurological diseases

Science.gov (United States)

Galazka-Friedman, Jolanta

2008-02-01

In this review the properties of iron in various human brain structures (e.g. Substantia nigra, globus pallidus, hippocampus) were analyzed to assess the possibility of initiation of oxidative stress leading to such diseases as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Our own studies with the use of Mössbauer spectroscopy, electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immuno-absorbent assay (ELISA) were confronted with other methods used in other laboratories. Our results suggest that hippocampus is the most fragile for oxidative stress structure in human brain (the death of nervous cells in hippocampus leads to Alzheimer’s disease). Changes in iron metabolism were also found in substantia nigra (the death of nervous cells of this structure produces Parkinson’s disease) and in globus pallidus (neurodegeneration of this structure causes progressive supranuclear palsy).

Iron as a risk factor in neurological diseases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galazka-Friedman, Jolanta

2008-01-01

In this review the properties of iron in various human brain structures (e.g. Substantia nigra, globus pallidus, hippocampus) were analyzed to assess the possibility of initiation of oxidative stress leading to such diseases as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Our own studies with the use of Moessbauer spectroscopy, electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immuno-absorbent assay (ELISA) were confronted with other methods used in other laboratories. Our results suggest that hippocampus is the most fragile for oxidative stress structure in human brain (the death of nervous cells in hippocampus leads to Alzheimer's disease). Changes in iron metabolism were also found in substantia nigra (the death of nervous cells of this structure produces Parkinson's disease) and in globus pallidus (neurodegeneration of this structure causes progressive supranuclear palsy).

Globus Platform-as-a-Service for Collaborative Science Applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Ananthakrishnan, Rachana; Chard, Kyle; Foster, Ian; Tuecke, Steven

2015-02-01

Globus, developed as Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) for research data management, also provides APIs that constitute a flexible and powerful Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) to which developers can outsource data management activities such as transfer and sharing, as well as identity, profile and group management. By providing these frequently important but always challenging capabilities as a service, accessible over the network, Globus PaaS streamlines web application development and makes it easy for individuals, teams, and institutions to create collaborative applications such as science gateways for science communities. We introduce the capabilities of this platform and review representative applications.

New results from Globus-M spherical tokamak

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gusev, V.K.

2002-01-01

New results from Globus-M spherical tokamak (ST) are presented. Reported are the achievements of high plasma current of 0.36 MA and high toroidal magnetic field of 0.55 T. Plasma column stability in Globus-M is conserved at low edge safety factors and high plasma densities. Achieved lowest safety factor was q(cyl) 19 m -3 . New methods of density increase are discussed. Low-density boarder of operational space is investigated. Runaway electrons properties and conditions of their generation are investigated. Results look promising for STs. Plasma-wall interaction study was performed. Silicon probes were installed into vacuum vessel. They were exposed to boronization, first, and then deposited film interacted with plasma. Discussed are film properties. Briefly described are new diagnostic tools installed on tokamak. Status and preliminary results obtained with auxiliary heating systems are shown. (author)

The increased risk of globus pharyngeus in patients with chronic thyroiditis: a case control study.

Science.gov (United States)

Karahatay, S; Ayan, A; Aydin, U; Ince, S; Emer, O; Alagoz, E

2015-12-01

A correlation between globus pharyngeus and thyroid gland inflammation has been mentioned in previous studies. However, the potential risk of globus pharyngeus in chronic thyroiditis patients has not been shown so far. The aim of this study is to investigate a possible association between chronic thyroiditis and globus pharyngeus. The study was performed in an ultrasound (US) center of a tertiary health care institution. Ninety-two patients who were under examination for suspected thyroid pathologies or undergoing follow-up for a previously diagnosed thyroid disease were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the existence of globus symptoms. Subsequently, all patients underwent high-resolution thyroid ultrasounds. The patients whose ultrasound findings were suggestive of chronic thyroiditis constituted the second subgroup. The demographic data of the patients and other ultrasound findings including the volume of the thyroid glands and nodules, if any, were noted as well. Sixty-seven female (73%) and 25 male (27%) patients were enrolled in the study. Thirty-two (35%) of the 92 patients constituted the globus pharyngeus group according to their responses to the questionnaire and the US findings were concordant with chronic thyroiditis in 36 (39%) patients. The correlation between chronic thyroiditis and globus sensation was significant (p = 0.004), and the odds ratio was calculated as 3.7 (95% CI = 1.5-9.11). Other parameters including age, sex, thyroid volume and nodule status were not significantly related to globus pharyngeus in this particular patient series. In the presented study, the risk of globus pharyngeus occurrence was calculated as 3.7-fold higher in patients with chronic thyroiditis. Being a preliminary report, it is necessary to confirm this finding and understand the pathophysiological mechanism via further investigations with a larger patient series.

Thalamic involvement in a patient with kernicterus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yilmaz, Yueksel [Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul (Turkey); Ekinci, Gazanfer [Department of Radiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul (Turkey)

2002-07-01

We report the MR imaging findings of a 16-month-old boy with dyskinetic cerebral palsy resulting from kernicterus. T2-weighted images showed symmetric bilateral hyperintensity in the thalamus in addition to the globus pallidus. (orig.)

Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy: neuroradiological studies in 11 patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Farina, L.; Bruzzone, M.G.; D'Incerti, L.; Savoiardo, M.; Nardocci, N.; Zorzi, G.; Verga, L.; Morbin, M.

1999-01-01

We report the imaging findings in 11 patients with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. Ten patients underwent 15 MRI examinations; one patient had only CT. Of the ten patients who underwent MRI, eight had cerebellar atrophy and mildly increased signal from the cerebellar cortex on T2-weighted images. With T2 weighting there was slightly increased signal from the dentate nuclei in two patients and from the posterior periventricular white matter in three. We saw four patients with a thin optic chiasm. The only two brothers in the series had markedly low signal from the globus pallidus and substantia nigra on 1.5 T T2-weighted images, as seen in Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD). Abnormalities of the globus pallidus may be related to a protracted course of the disease. However, an overlap with HSD should be considered. (orig.)

Selective peripheral denervation: comparison with pallidal stimulation and literature review

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Contarino, Maria Fiorella; van den Munckhof, Pepijn; Tijssen, Marina A. J.; de Bie, Rob M. A.; Bosch, D. Andries; Schuurman, P. Richard; Speelman, Johannes D.

2014-01-01

Patients with cervical dystonia who are non-responders to Botulinum toxin qualify for surgery. Selective peripheral denervation (Bertrand's procedure, SPD) and deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus (GPi-DBS) are available surgical options. Although peripheral denervation has potential

Monitoring the grid with the Globus Toolkit MDS4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schopf, Jennifer M; Pearlman, Laura; Miller, Neill; Kesselman, Carl; Foster, Ian; D'Arcy, Mike; Chervenak, Ann

2006-01-01

The Globus Toolkit Monitoring and Discovery System (MDS4) defines and implements mechanisms for service and resource discovery and monitoring in distributed environments. MDS4 is distinguished from previous similar systems by its extensive use of interfaces and behaviors defined in the WS-Resource Framework and WS-Notification specifications, and by its deep integration into essentially every component of the Globus Toolkit. We describe the MDS4 architecture and the Web service interfaces and behaviors that allow users to discover resources and services, monitor resource and service states, receive updates on current status, and visualize monitoring results. We present two current deployments to provide insights into the functionality that can be achieved via the use of these mechanisms

Frequency-selectivity of a thalamocortical relay neuron during Parkinson's disease and deep brain stimulation: a computational study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cagnan, Hayriye; Cagnan, H.; Meijer, Hil Gaétan Ellart; van Gils, Stephanus A.; Krupa, M.; Heida, Tjitske; Rudolph, Michelle; Wadman, Wyse J.; Martens, Hubert C.F.

2009-01-01

In this computational study, we investigated (i) the functional importance of correlated basal ganglia (BG) activity associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms by analysing the effects of globus pallidus internum (GPi) bursting frequency and synchrony on a thalamocortical (TC) relay

Structural Findings in the Brain MRI of Patients with Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yasmin Davoudi

2014-09-01

Conclusion: The white matter and globus pallidus were the most common affected regions in brain following acute CO poisoning. Signal abnormalities and restricted diffusion in MRI were correlated with duration of exposure to CO but not with the carboxyhemoglobin levels.

Association between swallow perception and esophageal bolus clearance in patients with globus sensation.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Chien-Lin; Yi, Chih-Hsun; Liu, Tso-Tsai

2013-04-01

Globus sensation is common, but its pathogenesis is not yet clear. Our purpose was to investigate subjective perception of swallowing and esophageal motility by combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and manometry (MII-EM) for patients with globus sensation. Combined MII-EM was performed for 25 globus patients and 15 healthy controls. Swallows were abnormal if hypocontractivity or simultaneous contractions occurred. Esophageal bolus transit was incomplete if bolus exit was not found at one or more of all measurement sites. Perception of each swallow was assessed by use of a standardized scoring system, and was enhanced if the score was >1. Few globus patients reported enhanced perception during viscous or solid swallows. Incomplete bolus transit and enhanced perception occurred similarly between viscous and solid boluses. Agreement between enhanced perception and proximal bolus clearance was greater during solid swallows (κ = 0.45, 95 % CI: 0.32-0.58) than during viscous swallows (κ = 0.13, 95 % CI: 0-0.25) (P perception and total bolus clearance was greater during solid swallows (κ = 0.46, 95 % CI: 0.34-0.58) than during viscous swallows (κ = 0.11, 95 % CI: 0-0.22) (P perception is uncommon in patients with globus sensation, although there is a significant association between enhanced esophageal perception and solid bolus clearance. Application of a solid bolus may help better delineation of the interrelationship between the subjective perception of bolus passage and the objective measurement of bolus clearance.

Pathophysiology and treatment of patients with globus sensation ―from the viewpoint of esophageal motility dysfunction―

Science.gov (United States)

Manabe, Noriaki; Tsutsui, Hideaki; Kusunoki, Hiroaki; Hata, Jiro; Haruma, Ken

2014-01-01

"Globus sensation" is often described as the sensation of a lump in the throat associated with dry swallowing or the need for dry swallowing, which disappears completely during eating or drinking and for which no organic cause can be established. Due to the uncertain etiology of "globus sensation", it remains difficult to establish standard treatment strategies for affected patients. Lately most attention has been focused on gastroesophageal reflux disease and several reports have indicated that there is a close relationship between esophageal acid reflux and globus sensation. Nowadays, empirical therapy with a high dose of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is considered to be indicated for patients with globus sensation, after excluding organic diseases such as pharyngeal cancer, Zenker's diverticulum, or thyroid enlargement. If patients are nonresponsive to PPI therapy, evaluation of esophageal motility should be done. In our recent study, 47.9% had abnormal esophageal motility, with the most common esophageal motility abnormality being an ineffective esophageal motility in PPI-resistant patients with globus sensation. This suggests that prokinetics alone or adding prokinetics to PPI should be the treatment to be considered, although few studies have investigated the efficacy of prokinetics in the treatment of patients with globus sensation. If patients without any esophageal motility dysfunctions are nonresponsive to PPI therapy, either cognitive-behavioral therapy, anti-depressants, or gabapentin could be helpful, although further well-designed, randomized controlled large-scale studies will be necessary to determine the effectiveness of each treatment strategy on patients with globus sensation. PMID:26081369

Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guideline on Subthalamic Nucleus and Globus Pallidus Internus Deep Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Patients With Parkinson's Disease: Executive Summary.

Science.gov (United States)

Rughani, Anand; Schwalb, Jason M; Sidiropoulos, Christos; Pilitsis, Julie; Ramirez-Zamora, Adolfo; Sweet, Jennifer A; Mittal, Sandeep; Espay, Alberto J; Martinez, Jorge Gonzalez; Abosch, Aviva; Eskandar, Emad; Gross, Robert; Alterman, Ron; Hamani, Clement

2018-06-01

Is bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) more, less, or as effective as bilateral globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation (GPi DBS) in treating motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, as measured by improvements in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, part III (UPDRS-III) scores? Given that bilateral STN DBS is at least as effective as bilateral GPi DBS in treating motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (as measured by improvements in UPDRS-III scores), consideration can be given to the selection of either target in patients undergoing surgery to treat motor symptoms. (Level I). Is bilateral STN DBS more, less, or as effective as bilateral GPi DBS in allowing reduction of dopaminergic medication in Parkinson's disease? When the main goal of surgery is reduction of dopaminergic medications in a patient with Parkinson's disease, then bilateral STN DBS should be performed instead of GPi DBS. (Level I). Is bilateral STN DBS more, less, or as effective as bilateral GPi DBS in treating dyskinesias associated with Parkinson's disease? There is insufficient evidence to make a generalizable recommendation regarding the target selection for reduction of dyskinesias. However, when the reduction of medication is not anticipated and there is a goal to reduce the severity of "on" medication dyskinesias, the GPi should be targeted. (Level I). Is bilateral STN DBS more, less, or as effective as bilateral GPi DBS in improving quality of life measures in Parkinson's disease? When considering improvements in quality of life in a patient undergoing DBS for Parkinson's disease, there is no basis to recommend bilateral DBS in 1 target over the other. (Level I). Is bilateral STN DBS associated with greater, lesser, or a similar impact on neurocognitive function than bilateral GPi DBS in Parkinson disease? If there is significant concern about cognitive decline, particularly in regards to processing speed and working memory in a patient undergoing DBS

[Use of high frequency cinematography in diagnosis of globus sensation].

Science.gov (United States)

Alberty, J; Oelerich, M

1996-09-01

Globus pharyngis is a frequent symptom in patients who consult an otolaryngologist. In many cases, routine diagnostic work-up including history, clinical examination, and barium swallow fail to revealing the underlying pathogenesis. In a retrospective study, we present 51 selected patients suffering from globus pharyngis of unknown origin who were investigated by high-speed cineradiography in a standardized manner. Twenty-four of the patients enrolled in the study (47.1%) showed functional and/or structural swallowing disorders. In 13 cases (25.5%) dyskinesias of the superior esophagus sphincter muscle were found. Five of these patients (9.8%) also had an inconstant hypopharyngeal diverticulum. Six cases (11.8%) showed laryngeal penetration or tracheal aspiration. In four cases (7.8%) functional disorders of pharyngeal, and in three cases (5.9%) functional disorders of oral bolus transport were found. Furthermore one hypopharyngeal web (1.9%) and two benign tumors (3.9%) were detected. In many cases, varying combinations of these findings occurred. Using high-speed cineradiography for evaluation of globus pharyngis results in an increased incidence of pathologic findings, and thus is an important method for interdisciplinary diagnostic work up of patients suffering from this symptom.

What basal ganglia changes underlie the parkinsonian state? The significance of neuronal oscillatory activity

Science.gov (United States)

Quiroga-Varela, A.; Walters, J.R.; Brazhnik, E.; Marin, C.; Obeso, J.A.

2014-01-01

One well accepted functional feature of the parkinsonian state is the recording of enhanced beta oscillatory activity in the basal ganglia. This has been demonstrated in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and in animal models such as the rat with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced lesion and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated monkeys, all of which are associated with severe striatal dopamine depletion. Neuronal hyper-synchronization in the beta (or any other) band is not present despite the presence of bradykinetic features in the rat and monkey models, suggesting that increased beta band power may arise when nigro-striatal lesion is advanced and that it is not an essential feature of the early parkinsonian state. Similar observations and conclusions have been previously made for increased neuronal firing rate in the subthalamic and globus pallidus pars interna nuclei. Accordingly, it is suggested that early parkinsonism may be associated with dynamic changes in basal ganglia output activity leading to reduced movement facilitation that may be an earlier feature of the parkinsonian state. PMID:23727447

Multiple-time-scale framework for understanding the progression of Parkinson's disease

Science.gov (United States)

Andres, D. S.; Gomez, F.; Ferrari, F. A. S.; Cerquetti, D.; Merello, M.; Viana, R.; Stoop, R.

2014-12-01

Parkinson's disease is marked by neurodegenerative processes that affect the pattern of discharge of basal ganglia neurons. The main features observed in the parkinsonian globus pallidus pars interna (GPi), a subdomain of the basal ganglia that is involved in the regulation of voluntary movement, are pathologically increased and synchronized neuronal activity. How these changes affect the implemented neuronal code is not well understood. Our experimental temporal structure-function analysis shows that in parkinsonian animals the rate-coding window of GPi neurons needed for the proper performance of voluntary actions is reduced. The model of the GPi network that we develop and discuss here reveals indeed that the size of the rate-coding window shrinks as the network activity increases and is expanded if the coupling strength among the neurons is increased. This leads to the novel interpretation that the pathological neuronal synchronization in Parkinson's disease in the GPi is the result of a collective attempt to counterbalance the shrinking of the rate-coding window due to increased activity in GPi neurons.

Long-term increase in coherence between the basal ganglia and motor cortex after asphyxial cardiac arrest and resuscitation in developing rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Aravamuthan, Bhooma R; Shoykhet, Michael

2015-10-01

The basal ganglia are vulnerable to injury during cardiac arrest. Movement disorders are a common morbidity in survivors. Yet, neuronal motor network changes post-arrest remain poorly understood. We compared function of the motor network in adult rats that, during postnatal week 3, underwent 9.5 min of asphyxial cardiac arrest (n = 9) or sham intervention (n = 8). Six months after injury, we simultaneously recorded local field potentials (LFP) from the primary motor cortex (MCx) and single neuron firing and LFP from the rat entopeduncular nucleus (EPN), which corresponds to the primate globus pallidus pars interna. Data were analyzed for firing rates, power, and coherence between MCx and EPN spike and LFP activity. Cardiac arrest survivors display chronic motor deficits. EPN firing rate is lower in cardiac arrest survivors (19.5 ± 2.4 Hz) compared with controls (27.4 ± 2.7 Hz; P motor network after cardiac arrest. Increased motor network synchrony is thought to be antikinetic in primary movement disorders. Characterization of motor network synchrony after cardiac arrest may help guide management of post-hypoxic movement disorders.

Effects of stereotactic neurosurgery on postural instability and gait in Parkinson's disease

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bakker, Maaike; Esselink, Rianne A. J.; Munneke, Marten; Limousin-Dowsey, Patricia; Speelman, Hans D.; Bloem, Bastiaan R.

2004-01-01

Postural instability and gait disability (PIGD) are disabling signs of Parkinson's disease. Stereotactic surgery aimed at the internal globus pallidus (GPi) or subthalamic nucleus (STN) might improve PIGD, but the precise effects remain unclear. We performed a systematic review of studies that

A randomized double-blind crossover trial comparing subthalamic and pallidal deep brain stimulation for dystonia

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schjerling, Lisbeth; Hjermind, Lena E; Jespersen, Bo

2013-01-01

Object The authors' aim was to compare the subthalamic nucleus (STN) with the globus pallidus internus (GPi) as a stimulation target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) for medically refractory dystonia. Methods In a prospective double-blind crossover study, electrodes were bilaterally implanted in ...

Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy: neuroradiological studies in 11 patients

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Farina, L.; Bruzzone, M.G.; D`Incerti, L.; Savoiardo, M. [Department of Neuroradiology, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan (Italy); Nardocci, N.; Zorzi, G. [Department of Child Neurology, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan (Italy); Verga, L.; Morbin, M. [Department of Neuropathology, Istituto Nazionale, Neurologico C. Besta, Milan (Italy)

1999-05-01

We report the imaging findings in 11 patients with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. Ten patients underwent 15 MRI examinations; one patient had only CT. Of the ten patients who underwent MRI, eight had cerebellar atrophy and mildly increased signal from the cerebellar cortex on T2-weighted images. With T2 weighting there was slightly increased signal from the dentate nuclei in two patients and from the posterior periventricular white matter in three. We saw four patients with a thin optic chiasm. The only two brothers in the series had markedly low signal from the globus pallidus and substantia nigra on 1.5 T T2-weighted images, as seen in Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD). Abnormalities of the globus pallidus may be related to a protracted course of the disease. However, an overlap with HSD should be considered. (orig.) With 3 figs., 1 tab., 28 refs.

Brain MRI changes in chronic liver disease

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Skehan, S. [Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Vincent`s Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4 (Ireland); Norris, S. [Liver Unit, St. Vincent`s Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4 (Ireland); Hegarty, J. [Liver Unit, St. Vincent`s Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4 (Ireland); Owens, A. [Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Vincent`s Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4 (Ireland); MacErlaine, D. [Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Vincent`s Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4 (Ireland)

1997-08-01

Cirrhotic patients are known to have abnormally high signal principally in the globus pallidus on non-contrast T1-weighted MRI. The purpose of this study was to relate MR changes to clinical and pathological features of chronic liver disease. We confirmed abnormally high signal in the globus pallidus on T1-weighted images in 25 of 28 patients with chronic liver disease, showing that it also occurs in patients who have not yet progressed to cirrhosis. Changes were seen in patients both with and without clinical portosystemic shunting. This abnormality is not responsible for hepatic encephalopathy. Cholestatic disease was more likely to produce marked changes than non-cholestatic disease. No statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between the severity of liver disease and the degree of MR abnormality. However, marked improvement in MR appearances was seen after successful liver transplantation. (orig.). With 3 figs., 4 tabs.

Brain MRI changes in chronic liver disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Skehan, S.; Norris, S.; Hegarty, J.; Owens, A.; MacErlaine, D.

1997-01-01

Cirrhotic patients are known to have abnormally high signal principally in the globus pallidus on non-contrast T1-weighted MRI. The purpose of this study was to relate MR changes to clinical and pathological features of chronic liver disease. We confirmed abnormally high signal in the globus pallidus on T1-weighted images in 25 of 28 patients with chronic liver disease, showing that it also occurs in patients who have not yet progressed to cirrhosis. Changes were seen in patients both with and without clinical portosystemic shunting. This abnormality is not responsible for hepatic encephalopathy. Cholestatic disease was more likely to produce marked changes than non-cholestatic disease. No statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between the severity of liver disease and the degree of MR abnormality. However, marked improvement in MR appearances was seen after successful liver transplantation. (orig.). With 3 figs., 4 tabs

A prospective cohort-study of 122 adult patients presenting to an otolaryngologist's office with globus pharyngeus

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rasmussen, Eva Rye; Schnack, Didde Traerup; Ravn, Andreas Tomaas

2018-01-01

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the epidemiology of globus pharyngeus in adult patients presenting to the otolaryngologist's office. Also the predictors of persisting symptoms, prevalence of anxiety and the effect of clinical assessment were analyzed. DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study. Follow......-up was done using a postal questionnaire. SETTING: One otolaryngologists' office comprising three medical doctors. PARTICIPANTS: 122 consecutive globus patients presenting to one otolaryngology office in a one-year period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Globus incidence, gender- and age-distribution, predictors...... of persisting symptoms and the patient's health related concerns. RESULTS: 3.8% of first-time visits were regarding globus. The mean age was 48 years [range 20-88 y] and a female predominance was found (ratio 1.49). 84% experienced anxiety, mainly due to fear of cancer. The most common pathological findings...

Hyperintensity of basal ganglia on T{sub 1}-weighted images in patients with liver cirrhosis. Correlation with hepatic encephalopathy and liver function

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maeda, Hiroko; Kita, Keisuke; Mizobata, Toshiharu; Kimura, Masashi; Sonomura, Tetsuo; Kishi, Kazushi; Tanaka, Kayo; Sato, Morio; Yamada, Ryosaku [Wakayama Medical Coll. (Japan)

1995-04-01

Brain MR imaging was performed in 38 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients and 9 normal volunteers. On T{sub 1}-weighted images, the signal intensity of globus pallidus (S1) and frontal white matter (S2) was measured and S1/S2 ratio was explored. We examined the relationship between S1/S2 ratio and liver function parameters. High signal intensity in bilateral globus pallidus was noted on T{sub 1} W1 in 28 of 38 LC patients. The S1/S2 ratio of 1.186{+-}0.097 in the 38 LC patients was significantly higher than 0.987{+-}0.062 in the 9 normal volunteers (p<0.001), while T{sub 2}-weighted images showed no abnormal intensity. Compared with the LC patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) (n=7) and without HE (n=31), the former S1/S2 ratio (1.239{+-}0.057) was significantly higher than the latter (1.174{+-}0.097) (p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between the value of the S1/S2 ratio and deterioration of ICG R{sub 15} (r=0.501, p<0.005), prolongation of prothrombine time (r=-0.392, p<0.05) and decrease of choline esterase (r=-0.336, p<0.05). There was, however, little correlation between the value of the S1/S2 ratio and ammonia and Fisher ratio. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between high intensity of globus pallidus on T{sub 1}-WI and the degree of liver dysfunction. (author).

Envenomation by neotropical Opisthoglyphous colubrid Thamnodynastes cf. pallidus Linné, 1758 (Serpentes:Colubridae in Venezuela Envenenamiento por la colubrida opistoglifa Thamnodynastes cf. pallidus Linné, 1758 (Serpentes:Colubridae en Venezuela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fresnel Diaz

2004-10-01

Full Text Available This is a case report of a "non-venomous" snake bite in a herpetologist observed at the Sciences Faculty of the Universidad de los Andes (Mérida, Venezuela. The patient was bitten on the middle finger of the left hand, and shows signs of pronounced local manifestations of envenomation such as bleeding from the tooth imprint, swelling and warmth. He was treated with local care, analgesics, and steroids. He was dismissed from the hospital and observed at home during five days with marked improvement of envenomation. The snake was brought to the medical consult and identified as a Thamnodynastes cf. pallidus specimen. This report represents the first T. pallidus accident described in a human.Se reporta un caso de una mordedura de serpiente "no venenosa", en un herpetólogo observado en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de los Andes (Mérida, Venezuela. El paciente fue mordido en el dedo medio de la mano izquierda, mostrando pronunciados signos locales de sangramiento por la impronta ocasionada por los dientes de la serpiente, edema y calor local. El paciente fue tratado con cuidados locales, analgésicos y esteroides. Fue dado de alta del hospital y observado en el hogar durante 5 días, con marcada mejoría del envenenamiento. La serpiente fue traída a la consulta médica e identificada como un espécimen de Thamnodynastes cf. pallidus. Este es el primer caso humano descrito, ocasionado por un T. pallidus.

Integration of Globus Online with the ATLAS PanDA Workload Management System

CERN Document Server

Contreras, C; The ATLAS collaboration; Maeno, T; Nilsson, P; Potekhin, M

2012-01-01

The PanDA Workload Management System is the basis for distributed production and analysis for the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. In this role, it relies on sophisticated dynamic data movement facilities developed in ATLAS. In certain scenarios, such as small research teams in ATLAS Tier-3 sites and non-ATLAS Virtual Organizations, the overhead of installation and operation of these components makes their use not very cost effective. Globus Online is an emerging new tool from the Globus Alliance, which already proved popular within the research community. It provides the users with fast and robust file transfer capabilities that can also be managed from a Web interface, and in addition to grid sites, can have individual workstations and laptops serving as data transmission endpoints. We will describe the integration of the Globus Online functionality into the PanDA suite of software, in order to give more flexibility in choosing the method of data transfer to ATLAS Tier-3 and OSG users.

Integration of Globus Online with the ATLAS PanDA Workload Management System

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Contreras, C; Deng, W; Maeno, T; Potekhin, M; Nilsson, P

2012-01-01

The PanDA Workload Management System is the basis for distributed production and analysis for the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. In this role, it relies on sophisticated dynamic data movement facilities developed in ATLAS. In certain scenarios, such as small research teams in ATLAS Tier-3 sites and non-ATLAS Virtual Organizations, the overhead of installation and operation of these components makes their use not very cost effective. Globus Online is an emerging new tool from the Globus Alliance, which already proved popular within the research community. It provides the users with fast and robust file transfer capabilities that can also be managed from a Web interface, and in addition to grid sites, can have individual workstations and laptops serving as data transmission endpoints. We will describe the integration of the Globus Online functionality into the PanDA suite of software, in order to give more flexibility in choosing the method of data transfer to ATLAS Tier-3 and Open Science Grid (OSG) users.

Deploying HEP applications using Xen and Globus Virtual Workspaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Agarwal, A; Desmarais, R; Gable, I; Grundy, D; P-Brown, D; Seuster, R; Vanderster, D C; Sobie, R; Charbonneau, A; Enge, R

2008-01-01

The deployment of HEP applications in heterogeneous grid environments can be challenging because many of the applications are dependent on specific OS versions and have a large number of complex software dependencies. Virtual machine monitors such as Xen could be used to package HEP applications, complete with their execution environments, to run on resources that do not meet their operating system requirements. Our previous work has shown HEP applications running within Xen suffer little or no performance penalty as a result of virtualization. However, a practical strategy is required for remotely deploying, booting, and controlling virtual machines on a remote cluster. One tool that promises to overcome the deployment hurdles using standard grid technology is the Globus Virtual Workspaces project. We describe strategies for the deployment of Xen virtual machines using Globus Virtual Workspace middleware that simplify the deployment of HEP applications

Deep brain stimulation for dystonia: patient selection and outcomes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Speelman, J. D.; Contarino, M. F.; Schuurman, P. R.; Tijssen, M. A. J.; de Bie, R. M. A.

2010-01-01

In a literature survey, 341 patients with primary and 109 with secondary dystonias treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) were identified. In general, the outcomes for primary dystonias were more favourable compared to the secondary forms. For

Deep brain stimulation for dystonia : Patient selection and outcomes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Speelman, J. D.; Contarino, M. F.; Schuurman, P. R.; Tijssen, M. A. J.; de Bie, R. M. A.

In a literature survey, 341 patients with primary and 109 with secondary dystonias treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) were identified. In general, the outcomes for primary dystonias were more favourable compared to the secondary forms. For

Hemiballismus: Study of a case using positron emission tomography with 18fluoro-2-deoxyglucose

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dubinsky, R.M.; Greenberg, M.; Di Chiro, G.; Baker, M.; Hallett, M.

1989-01-01

A 64-year-old man had right-sided persistent hemiballismus. Cerebral computed tomography (CT) and 0.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no abnormalities, but 1.5-T MRI showed decreased signal intensity of the putamina, greater on the left than on the right. The subthalamic area was normal on CT and MRI. Positron emission tomography with 18fluoro2-deoxyglucose showed marked hypometabolism of the left putamen (60% of the right) and hypermetabolism of the left parietal lobe (138% of the right). The decreased metabolism of the left putamen may indicate a reduction in neuronal firing. The pathophysiology of the hemiballismus in this case may be loss of tonic inhibition of the lateral globus pallidus from the putamen, leading in turn to greater inhibition of the subthalamic nucleus, less excitation of the medial globus pallidus, and less inhibition of the thalamus and motor cortex, and thus allowing expression of the ballistic movements

Functional neuroanatomy of the basal ganglia as studied by dual-probe microdialysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

O'Connor, William T.

1998-01-01

Dual probe microdialysis was employed in intact rat brain to investigate the effect of intrastriatal perfusion with selective dopamine D 1 and D 2 receptor agonists and with c-fos antisense oligonucleotide on (a) local GABA release in the striatum; (b) the internal segment of the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra pars reticulata, which is the output site of the strionigral GABA pathway; and (c) the external segment of the globus pallidus, which is the output site of the striopallidal GABA pathway. The data provide functional in vivo evidence for a selective dopamine D 1 receptor-mediated activation of the direct strionigral GABA pathway and a selective dopamine D 2 receptor inhibition of the indirect striopallidal GABA pathway and provides a neuronal substrate for parallel processing in the basal ganglia regulation of motor function. Taken together, these findings offer new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of dopamine-linked disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and schizophrenia

Functional neuroanatomy of the basal ganglia as studied by dual-probe microdialysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

O' Connor, William T. E-mail: woconn@iveagh.ucd.ie

1998-11-01

Dual probe microdialysis was employed in intact rat brain to investigate the effect of intrastriatal perfusion with selective dopamine D{sub 1} and D{sub 2} receptor agonists and with c-fos antisense oligonucleotide on (a) local GABA release in the striatum; (b) the internal segment of the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra pars reticulata, which is the output site of the strionigral GABA pathway; and (c) the external segment of the globus pallidus, which is the output site of the striopallidal GABA pathway. The data provide functional in vivo evidence for a selective dopamine D{sub 1} receptor-mediated activation of the direct strionigral GABA pathway and a selective dopamine D{sub 2} receptor inhibition of the indirect striopallidal GABA pathway and provides a neuronal substrate for parallel processing in the basal ganglia regulation of motor function. Taken together, these findings offer new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of dopamine-linked disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and schizophrenia.

Hallervorden-Spatz disease: 2 cases of siblings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Song, Jong Gi; Kim, In One; Kim, Woo Sun; Yeon, Kyung Mo

1994-01-01

We report two patients with Hallervorden-Spatz disease, who were diagnosed by same MR findings of marked low signal intensity in the globus and substantia nigra. They presented with ataxic and spastic gait, intention tremor, delayed mental development, and dysarthria. They were 7 year-old male and 8 year-old female siblings, who were healthy until 3 years of age when they suffered from progressive symptoms. T2-weighted images showed marked low signal intensity in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra indicating an increased iron deposition, and it might suggest Hallervorden-Spatz disease

Improvement of both dystonia and tics with 60 Hz pallidal deep brain stimulation.

Science.gov (United States)

Hwynn, Nelson; Tagliati, Michele; Alterman, Ron L; Limotai, Natlada; Zeilman, Pamela; Malaty, Irene A; Foote, Kelly D; Morishita, Takashi; Okun, Michael S

2012-09-01

Deep brain stimulation has been utilized in both dystonia and in medication refractory Tourette syndrome. We present an interesting case of a patient with a mixture of disabling dystonia and Tourette syndrome whose coexistent dystonia and tics were successfully treated with 60 Hz-stimulation of the globus pallidus region.

Demyelination of subcortical nuclei in multiple sclerosis

Science.gov (United States)

Krutenkova, E.; Aitmagambetova, G.; Khodanovich, M.; Bowen, J.; Gangadharan, B.; Henson, L.; Mayadev, A.; Repovic, P.; Qian, P.; Yarnykh, V.

2016-02-01

Myelin containing in basal ganglia in multiple sclerosis patients was evaluated using new noninvasive quantitative MRI method fast whole brain macromolecular proton fraction mapping. Myelin level in globus pallidus and putamen significantly decreased in multiple sclerosis patients as compared with healthy control subjects but not in substantia nigra and caudate nucleus.

Globus Nexus: A Platform-as-a-Service Provider of Research Identity, Profile, and Group Management.

Science.gov (United States)

Chard, Kyle; Lidman, Mattias; McCollam, Brendan; Bryan, Josh; Ananthakrishnan, Rachana; Tuecke, Steven; Foster, Ian

2016-03-01

Globus Nexus is a professionally hosted Platform-as-a-Service that provides identity, profile and group management functionality for the research community. Many collaborative e-Science applications need to manage large numbers of user identities, profiles, and groups. However, developing and maintaining such capabilities is often challenging given the complexity of modern security protocols and requirements for scalable, robust, and highly available implementations. By outsourcing this functionality to Globus Nexus, developers can leverage best-practice implementations without incurring development and operations overhead. Users benefit from enhanced capabilities such as identity federation, flexible profile management, and user-oriented group management. In this paper we present Globus Nexus, describe its capabilities and architecture, summarize how several e-Science applications leverage these capabilities, and present results that characterize its scalability, reliability, and availability.

Globus Nexus: A Platform-as-a-Service provider of research identity, profile, and group management

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chard, Kyle; Lidman, Mattias; McCollam, Brendan; Bryan, Josh; Ananthakrishnan, Rachana; Tuecke, Steven; Foster, Ian

2016-03-01

Globus Nexus is a professionally hosted Platform-as-a-Service that provides identity, profile and group management functionality for the research community. Many collaborative e-Science applications need to manage large numbers of user identities, profiles, and groups. However, developing and maintaining such capabilities is often challenging given the complexity of modern security protocols and requirements for scalable, robust, and highly available implementations. By outsourcing this functionality to Globus Nexus, developers can leverage best-practice implementations without incurring development and operations overhead. Users benefit from enhanced capabilities such as identity federation, flexible profile management, and user-oriented group management. In this paper we present Globus Nexus, describe its capabilities and architecture, summarize how several e-Science applications leverage these capabilities, and present results that characterize its scalability, reliability, and availability.

Planejamento das Atividades de Auditoria Interna na UFSC

OpenAIRE

Platt Neto, Orion Augusto; Vieira, Audí Luiz

2006-01-01

Este artigo aborda o planejamento das unidades de auditoria interna que integram o sistema de controle interno do Poder Executivo Federal junto às instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES). O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar noções e instrumentos do planejamento das atividades nas unidades de auditoria interna vinculadas às IFES. Neste sentido, apresenta-se o embasamento normativo, as competências e as atividades das unidades de auditoria interna. Para auxiliar a consec...

Demyelination of subcortical nuclei in multiple sclerosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krutenkova, E; Aitmagambetova, G; Khodanovich, M; Yarnykh, V; Bowen, J; Gangadharan, B; Henson, L; Mayadev, A; Repovic, P; Qian, P

2016-01-01

Myelin containing in basal ganglia in multiple sclerosis patients was evaluated using new noninvasive quantitative MRI method fast whole brain macromolecular proton fraction mapping. Myelin level in globus pallidus and putamen significantly decreased in multiple sclerosis patients as compared with healthy control subjects but not in substantia nigra and caudate nucleus. (paper)

Biofilm characteristics and evaluation of the sanitation procedures of thermophilic Aeribacillus pallidus E334 biofilms.

Science.gov (United States)

Kilic, Tugba; Karaca, Basar; Ozel, Beste Piril; Ozcan, Birgul; Cokmus, Cumhur; Coleri Cihan, Arzu

2017-04-01

The ability of Aeribacillus pallidus E334 to produce pellicle and form a biofilm was studied. Optimal biofilm formation occurred at 60 °C, pH 7.5 and 1.5% NaCl. Extra polymeric substances (EPS) were composed of proteins and eDNA (21.4 kb). E334 formed biofilm on many surfaces, but mostly preferred polypropylene and glass. Using CLSM analysis, the network-like structure of the EPS was observed. The A. pallidus biofilm had a novel eDNA content. DNaseI susceptibility (86.8% removal) of eDNA revealed its importance in mature biofilms, but the purified eDNA was resistant to DNaseI, probably due to its extended folding outside the matrix. Among 15 cleaning agents, biofilms could be removed with alkaline protease and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The removal of cells from polypropylene and biomass on glass was achieved with combined SDS/alkaline protease treatment. Strong A. pallidus biofilms could cause risks for industrial processes and abiotic surfaces must be taken into consideration in terms of sanitation procedures.

Plasma heating and fuelling in the Globus-M spherical tokamak

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gusev, V.K.; Barsukov, A.G.; Belyakov, V.A.

2005-01-01

The results of the last two years of plasma investigations at Globus-M are presented. Described are improvements helping to achieve high performance OH plasmas, which are used as the target for auxiliary heating and fuelling experiments. Increased energy content, high beta poloidal and good confinement are reported. Experiments on NBI plasma heating with a wide range of plasma parameters were performed. Some results are presented and analyzed. Experiments on RF plasma heating in the frequency range of fundamental ion cyclotron harmonics are described. In some experiments which were performed for the first time in spherical tokamaks, promising results were achieved. Noticeable ion heating was recorded at low launched power and a high concentration of hydrogen minority in deuterium plasmas. Simulations of RF wave absorption are briefly discussed. Described also are modification of the plasma gun and test-stand experiments. Fuelling experiments performed at Globus-M are discussed. (author)

Multiplexed coding in the human basal ganglia

Science.gov (United States)

Andres, D. S.; Cerquetti, D.; Merello, M.

2016-04-01

A classic controversy in neuroscience is whether information carried by spike trains is encoded by a time averaged measure (e.g. a rate code), or by complex time patterns (i.e. a time code). Here we apply a tool to quantitatively analyze the neural code. We make use of an algorithm based on the calculation of the temporal structure function, which permits to distinguish what scales of a signal are dominated by a complex temporal organization or a randomly generated process. In terms of the neural code, this kind of analysis makes it possible to detect temporal scales at which a time patterns coding scheme or alternatively a rate code are present. Additionally, finding the temporal scale at which the correlation between interspike intervals fades, the length of the basic information unit of the code can be established, and hence the word length of the code can be found. We apply this algorithm to neuronal recordings obtained from the Globus Pallidus pars interna from a human patient with Parkinson’s disease, and show that a time pattern coding and a rate coding scheme co-exist at different temporal scales, offering a new example of multiplexed neuronal coding.

Comparative imaging study on monkeys with hemi-parkinsonism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Wei; Yu Xiaoping; Mao Jun; Liu Sheng; Wang Xiaoyi; Peng Guangchun; Wang Ruiwen

2003-01-01

Objective: To study the imaging appearance of experimental Parkinson's disease (PD) and to evaluate the different medical imaging exams on PD. Methods: CT, MRI, SPECT (dopamine transporter imaging and regional cerebral blood flow imaging, DAT imaging and rCBF imaging), and PET (glucose metabolism imaging) were performed on 8 monkeys before and after the infusion of MPTP into unilateral internal carotid artery to develop hemi-Parkinsonism models. Results: Hemi-Parkinsonism models were successfully induced on all 8 monkeys. On DAT imaging, the uptake values of the lesioned striatums decreased obviously after the MPTP treatment and were lower than that of the contralateral ones. The glucose metabolic rates of the lesioned striatums and thalamus in PD models were lower, compared to that of the healthy monkeys and that of the contralateral sides of themselves. Neither DAT nor glucose metabolism abnormalities was found on both the contralateral sides of the healthy and PD monkeys. On MRI images before MPTP treatment, only 4 of 8 PD models showed hypointense in bilateral globus pallidus. No abnormal MRI findings occurred in the first 2 months after injection of MPTP. At tile third month, hypointense appeared in globus pallidus of three monkeys. Enlarged hyposignal region in globus pallidus were found in three models. Of the above 6 monkeys, two appeared hypointense in putamina. Substantia nigra demonstrated no abnormalities before and after MPTP treatment. All rCBF and CT images were normal. Conclusion: The decreased density of DAT and decreased glucose metabolism on experimental PD can be showed early by DAT imaging and glucose metabolism imaging, MRI can show abnormal signal in the basal ganglia of PD but it is later than DAT and glucose metabolism imaging. CT and rCBF find no abnormality on PD

Characterization and emulsifying property of a novel bioemulsifier by Aeribacillus pallidus YM-1.

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, C; Li, Z; Su, J; Zhang, R; Liu, C; Zhao, M

2012-07-01

  Biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers commonly have the advantages of biodegradability, low toxicity, selectivity and biocompatibility over chemically synthesized surfactants. The goal of the study is to present a novel bioemulsifier with great application potential.   Aeribacillus pallidus YM-1, isolated from crude oil contaminated soil, was found to produce a novel high molecular bioemulsifier with an emulsification index of 60 ± 1% without remarkable surface tension reduction (45·7 ± 0·1 mN m(-1) ). The number-average molecular weight was determined as 526 369 Da by gel permeation chromatography analysis. Bioemulsifier was subjected to FT-IR and a complex of carbohydrates (41·1%), lipids (47·6%) and proteins (11·3%) was determined.   The bioemulsifier of A. pallidus YM-1 was isolated from the glucose-based culture medium and characterized with the help of chemical analytical techniques. The bioemulsifier exhibited a promising emulsifying property for biotechnology application potential in bioremediation and microbial enhanced oil recovery.   This is the first report of the bioemulsifier production by A. pallidus. The potential emulsifying activity of the bioemulsifier in the present study may be explored in various biotechnological and industrial applications. © 2012 The Authors. Journal of Applied Microbiology © 2012 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Hyperintensity of basal ganglia on T1-weighted images in patients with liver cirrhosis. Correlation with hepatic encephalopathy and liver function

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maeda, Hiroko; Kita, Keisuke; Mizobata, Toshiharu; Kimura, Masashi; Sonomura, Tetsuo; Kishi, Kazushi; Tanaka, Kayo; Sato, Morio; Yamada, Ryosaku

1995-01-01

Brain MR imaging was performed in 38 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients and 9 normal volunteers. On T 1 -weighted images, the signal intensity of globus pallidus (S1) and frontal white matter (S2) was measured and S1/S2 ratio was explored. We examined the relationship between S1/S2 ratio and liver function parameters. High signal intensity in bilateral globus pallidus was noted on T 1 W1 in 28 of 38 LC patients. The S1/S2 ratio of 1.186±0.097 in the 38 LC patients was significantly higher than 0.987±0.062 in the 9 normal volunteers (p 2 -weighted images showed no abnormal intensity. Compared with the LC patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) (n=7) and without HE (n=31), the former S1/S2 ratio (1.239±0.057) was significantly higher than the latter (1.174±0.097) (p 15 (r=0.501, p 1 -WI and the degree of liver dysfunction. (author)

CT of the brain in acute carbon monoxide poisoning

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohno, Masato; Uchino, Akira; Hayashi, Kazuji; Nakata, Hajime.

1988-01-01

Cerebral computed tomographic (CT) findings of acute carbon monoxide (Co) poisoning were analized in thirty-six cases treated with hyperbraric oxygen therapy and their relationship with prognosis was evaluated. The cases were classified into there groups, early stage, interval form, and non-interval form groups. In all groups, the initial abnormality was low density areas presumably due to edema, demyelination and/or softening. It was seen in the globus pallidus and/or white matter. Following these initial changes, cerebral hemorrhage, ventricular dilatation, and cerebral atrophy developed in a few cases. The frequency of abnormal CT findings was higher in the interval form group (85 %) or non-interval group (83 %) than the early stage group (41 %). The prognosis was good in most cases with normal CT findings. The possibility of recovery diminished in the patients with abnormal CT findings. The prognosis was particularly poor in cases showing abnormality both in globus pallidus and white matter. We conclude that CT is useful not only for detecting the pathologic change but also for predicting the prognosis of the patient with acute Co poisoning. (author)

Role of transnasal flexible laryngo-oesophagoscopy (TNFLO) in investigating patients with globus symptoms.

Science.gov (United States)

Mohammed, H; Coates, M; Masterson, L; Chan, W Y; Hassan, Y; Nassif, R

2017-12-01

To explore the rationale for investigating patients presenting with globus symptoms. In this regard, we also assess the efficacy and safety of transnasal flexible laryngo-oesophagoscopy (TNFLO). A prospective study in a head and neck cancer centre of patients with persistent globus symptoms with normal flexible nasoendoscopy/indirect mirror laryngoscopy and failure of first-line medical treatment. The role of TNFLO in investigating these patients was assessed. A total of 218 patients were recruited in this study. Positive findings included upper aerodigestive cancers in two patients, other pathologies included reflux (four patients), cricopharyngeus-related pathologies (19 patients), candida (five patients). There were only five re-referrals of patients who were discharged following normal examination with TNFLO. In nine patients, TNFLO could not be completed and they went on to have other diagnostic procedures CONCLUSION: This article is the largest to date in the UK to assess the role of TNFLO in investigating patients with globus symptoms. TNFLO is equal to rigid endoscopy as a diagnostic tool. However, it is superior in terms of image clarity, ability to record video images and safety. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The role of transnasal oesophagoscopy in the management of globus pharyngeus and non-progressive dysphagia.

Science.gov (United States)

Sanyaolu, L N; Jemah, A; Stew, B; Ingrams, D R

2016-01-01

Introduction Transnasal oesophagoscopy is a relatively new method of examining the upper aerodigestive tract via the nasal passage as an outpatient procedure without the need for sedation. It has been shown to be a well tolerated, safe and accurate technique, that can therefore be used in the investigation of patients thought to have globus pharyngeus and other non sinister causes of dysphagia. Methods A total of 150 consecutive patients undergoing transnasal oesophagoscopy were analysed retrospectively. Results The main indications for this procedure were non-progressive dysphagia (n=68, 45%) and globus pharyngeus (n=60, 40%). Transnasal oesophagoscopy was normal in 65% of patients and 42% of patients were discharged from clinic at the same appointment with no further investigation. The most common positive findings were laryngeal erythema (13%) and oesophagitis (10%). Conclusions Transnasal oesophagoscopy is a useful adjunct to the management of patients with the symptoms of globus pharyngeus and non-progressive dysphagia.

Plasma jet source parameter optimisation and experiments on injection into Globus-M spherical tokamak

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gusev, V.K.; Petrov, Yu.V.; Sakharov, N.V.; Semenov, A.A.; Voronin, A.V.

2005-01-01

Results of theoretical and experimental research on the plasma sources and injection of plasma and gas jet produced by the modified source into tokamak Globus-M are presented. An experimental test stand was developed for investigation of intense plasma jet generation. Optimisation of pulsed coaxial accelerator parameters by means of analytical calculations is performed with the aim of achieving the highest flow velocity at limited coaxial electrode length and discharge current. The optimal parameters of power supply to generate a plasma jet with minimal impurity contamination and maximum flow velocity were determined. A comparison of experimental and calculation results is made. Plasma jet parameters are measured, such as: impurity species content, pressure distribution across the jet, flow velocity, plasma density, etc. Experiments on the interaction of a higher kinetic energy plasma jet with the magnetic field and plasma of the Globus-M tokamak were performed. Experimental results on plasma and gas jet injection into different Globus-M discharge phases are presented and discussed. Results are presented on the investigation of plasma jet injection as the source for discharge breakdown, plasma current startup and initial density rise. (author)

Pattern approach to MR imaging in patients with end-stage hepatic failure: a proposal for a new disease entity 'hepatic encephalopathy continuum'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Ho Kyun [Catholic University of Daegu, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Daegu (Korea); Lee, Hui Joong; Lee, Wonho; Kim, Yong Sun [Kyungpook National University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Daegu (Korea); Jang, Han Won [Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Daegu (Korea); Byun, Kyung Hwan [Pochon CHA University, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kumi CHA Hospital, Kumi (Korea)

2008-08-15

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and the characteristics of MR images of patients with end-stage hepatic failure. We reviewed the MR findings and clinical features of 31 consecutive patients (20 men, 11 women=31, mean age 58.7 years) who had been diagnosed with clinical hepatic encephalopathy. Associations between the lesion locations on each MR sequence were analyzed using a binominal test. The clinical and MR findings were compared in relation to the etiology and clinical status. The most frequently involved site, seen as high signal intensity on T2-W images, was the corpus callosum (20 patients), followed by the dentate nucleus (16 patients) and the globus pallidus (13 patients). Significant associations were seen between the pallidus and the crus cerebri, between the crus cerebri and the red nucleus, between the crus cerebri and the dentate nucleus, and between the red nucleus and the dentate nucleus on the T2-W and DW images (P<0.004). The crus cerebri, red nucleus, and dentate nucleus were involved concurrently with the corpus callosum more frequently in hepatic encephalopathy grades 3 and 4. Concurrent involvement of the globus pallidus-crus cerebri-red nucleus-dentate nucleus axis was the main MR pattern in end-stage hepatic encephalopathy, which connected with various areas of the brain. We hypothesize that these overlapping MR features could be regarded as an entity denoted as the 'hepatic encephalopathy continuum'. (orig.)

Pattern approach to MR imaging in patients with end-stage hepatic failure: a proposal for a new disease entity ''hepatic encephalopathy continuum''

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Ho Kyun; Lee, Hui Joong; Lee, Wonho; Kim, Yong Sun; Jang, Han Won; Byun, Kyung Hwan

2008-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and the characteristics of MR images of patients with end-stage hepatic failure. We reviewed the MR findings and clinical features of 31 consecutive patients (20 men, 11 women=31, mean age 58.7 years) who had been diagnosed with clinical hepatic encephalopathy. Associations between the lesion locations on each MR sequence were analyzed using a binominal test. The clinical and MR findings were compared in relation to the etiology and clinical status. The most frequently involved site, seen as high signal intensity on T2-W images, was the corpus callosum (20 patients), followed by the dentate nucleus (16 patients) and the globus pallidus (13 patients). Significant associations were seen between the pallidus and the crus cerebri, between the crus cerebri and the red nucleus, between the crus cerebri and the dentate nucleus, and between the red nucleus and the dentate nucleus on the T2-W and DW images (P<0.004). The crus cerebri, red nucleus, and dentate nucleus were involved concurrently with the corpus callosum more frequently in hepatic encephalopathy grades 3 and 4. Concurrent involvement of the globus pallidus-crus cerebri-red nucleus-dentate nucleus axis was the main MR pattern in end-stage hepatic encephalopathy, which connected with various areas of the brain. We hypothesize that these overlapping MR features could be regarded as an entity denoted as the ''hepatic encephalopathy continuum''. (orig.)

[Detection of a higher incidence of pathologic somatic findings in globus sensation by use of high frequency cinematography].

Science.gov (United States)

Hannig, C; Wuttge-Hannig, A; Bockmeyer, M

1987-07-01

Since December 1984 303 patients have undergone examination in our Multidisciplinary Consultation Service for Swallowing Disorders; 117 of them were suffering from typical globus symptoms. We were able to increase the yield of detection of organic lesions by use of the technique of 35 mm film cineradiography with a rate of 50 frames/s. Frame-by-frame analysis and computer-assisted evaluation showed that 80% of the patients with globus symptoms suffered from one or more underlying organic diseases, which could often be treated later with success. We found an increased incidence of early hypopharyngeal diverticula, webs, and motility disorders of the upper esophageal sphincter often associated with gastro-esophageal reflux or weakness of the pharyngeal wall. Cineradiography proved to be a very important tool in the analysis of the pharyngeal swallow in globus pharyngis.

CD73 is a major regulator of adenosinergic signalling in mouse brain.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natalia Kulesskaya

Full Text Available CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase is a cell surface enzyme that regulates purinergic signalling by desphosphorylating extracellular AMP to adenosine. 5'-nucleotidases are known to be expressed in brain, but the expression of CD73 and its putative physiological functions at this location remain elusive. Here we found, using immunohistochemistry of wild-type and CD73 deficient mice, that CD73 is prominently expressed in the basal ganglia core comprised of striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen and globus pallidus. Furthermore, meninges and the olfactory tubercle were found to specifically express CD73. Analysis of wild type (wt and CD73 deficient mice revealed that CD73 confers the majority of 5'-nucleotidase activity in several areas of the brain. In a battery of behavioural tests and in IntelliCage studies, the CD73 deficient mice demonstrated significantly enhanced exploratory locomotor activity, which probably reflects the prominent expression of CD73 in striatum and globus pallidus that are known to control locomotion. Furthermore, the CD73 deficient mice displayed altered social behaviour. Overall, our data provide a novel mechanistic insight into adenosinergic signalling in brain, which is implicated in the regulation of normal and pathological behaviour.

Correlation of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and clinical outcome in acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

Science.gov (United States)

Ozcan, Namik; Ozcam, Giray; Kosar, Pinar; Ozcan, Ayse; Basar, Hulya; Kaymak, Cetin

2016-01-01

Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas for humans and is still a silent killer in both developed and developing countries. The aim of this case series was to evaluate early radiological images as a predictor of subsequent neuropsychological sequelae, following carbon monoxide poisoning. After carbon monoxide exposure, early computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a 52-year-old woman showed bilateral lesions in the globus pallidus. This patient was discharged and followed for 90 days. The patient recovered without any neurological sequela. In a 58-year-old woman exposed to carbon monoxide, computed tomography showed lesions in bilateral globus pallidus and periventricular white matter. Early magnetic resonance imaging revealed changes similar to that like in early tomography images. The patient recovered and was discharged from hospital. On the 27th day of exposure, the patient developed disorientation and memory impairment. Late magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse hyperintensity in the cerebral white matter. White matter lesions which progress to demyelination and end up in neuropsychological sequelae cannot always be diagnosed by early computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in carbon monoxide poisoning. Copyright © 2014 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

OGSA Globus Toolkits evaluation activity at CERN

CERN Document Server

Chen, D; Foster, D; Kalyaev, V; Kryukov, A; Lamanna, M; Pose, V; Rocha, R; Wang, C

2004-01-01

An Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA) Globus Toolkit 3 (GT3) evaluation group is active at CERN since GT3 was available in early beta version (Spring 2003). This activity focuses on the evaluation of the technology as promised by the OGSA/OGSI paradigm and on GT3 in particular. The goal is to study this new technology and its implications with the goal to provide useful input for the large grid initiatives active in the LHC Computing Grid (LCG) project. A particular effort has been devoted to investigate performance and deployment issues, having in mind the LCG requirements, in particular scalability and robustness.

Muscular system in interna of Peltogaster paguri (Rhizocephala: Peltogastridae).

Science.gov (United States)

Miroliubov, Aleksei A

2017-03-01

Rhizocephalan parasites have a peculiar life cycle, and their adults lost almost all traits found usually in Crustacea. Despite some data on anatomy and ultrastructure of interna of Peltogastridae, some crucial aspects of morphology are still unknown. For example, there is only one mentioning of myocytes found in interna of Rhizocephalans (Sacculina carcini). So we aimed at studying the muscular system of the interna of Peltogaster paguri using serial histological sectioning and fluorescent staining (TRITC-labeled phalloidin) with confocal microscopy. Within the wall of the main trunk we found striated muscular fibers. The majority of these fibers form a unidirectional single spiral. There are additional small fibers that connect the coils of the large spiral. The density of muscular fibers is highest near the externa stalk, and the number of muscle fibers decreases towards the distal part of the main trunk. We suggest that such a muscular system could provide peristaltic movements of the main trunk and the transport of nutrients through the interna. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Structural and biochemical characterization of a nitrilase from the thermophilic bacterium, Geobacillus pallidus RAPc8

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Williamson, DS

2010-09-01

Full Text Available . In common with the plant nitrilases, the recombinant G. pallidus RAPc8 enzyme produced both acid and amide products from nitrile substrates. Electron microscopy and image classification showed complexes having crescentlike, “c-shaped”, circular and “figure...

Involvement of the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internus in attention

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bocková, M.; Chládek, Jan; Jurák, Pavel; Halámek, Josef; Baláž, M.; Rektor, I.

2011-01-01

Roč. 118, č. 8 (2011), s. 1235-1245 ISSN 0300-9564 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA200650801; GA MŠk ED0017/01/01 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20650511 Keywords : basal ganglia * ERP * ERD/S * attention * DBS Subject RIV: FH - Neurology Impact factor: 2.730, year: 2011

Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification Presented with Impulse Control Disorder

OpenAIRE

Sahin, Cem; Levent, Mustafa; Akbaba, Gulhan; Kara, Bilge; Yeniceri, Emine Nese; Inanc, Betul Battaloglu

2015-01-01

Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), also referred to as Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification (IBGC) or “Fahr’s disease,” is a clinical condition characterized by symmetric and bilateral calcification of globus pallidus and also basal ganglions, cerebellar nuclei, and other deep cortical structures. It could be accompanied by parathyroid disorder and other metabolic disturbances. The clinical features are dysfunction of the calcified anatomic localization. IBGC most commonly present...

Anaesthesia for a patient with Deep Brain Stimulator: Case Report and Review of Literature

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raj mala

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Deep brain stimulator (DBS devices are used for unilateral or bilateral stimulation of thalamus, subthalamus and globus pallidus to treat movement disorders. DBS can interfere with domestic and medical equipment such as electrocardiography (ECG, slow wave diathermy, electrocautery, peripheral nerve stimulators, pacemakers, external and implantable cardioverters and defibrillators. This case report describes a patient with such a device who presented for bilateral (B/L cataract surgery.

Identification of Novel Compound Mutations in PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration Patient with Characteristic MRI Imaging.

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Sen; Yang, Liu; Liu, Huijie; Chen, Wei; Li, Jinchen; Yu, Ping; Sun, Zhong Sheng; Chen, Xiang; Du, Jie; Cai, Tao

2017-08-01

Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized clinically by progressive motor dysfunction. Accurate identification of de novo and rare inherited mutations is important for determining causative genes of undiagnosed neurological diseases. In the present study, we report a unique case with cerebellar ataxia symptoms and social communication difficulties in an intermarriage family. MRI showed a marked cerebellar atrophy and the "eye-of-the-tiger"-like sign in the medial globus pallidus. Potential genetic defects were screened by whole-exome sequencing (WES) for the patient and four additional family members. A previously undescribed de novo missense mutation (c.1634A>G, p.K545R) in the exon 12 of the PLA2G6 gene was identified. A second rare variant c.1077G>A at the end of exon 7 was also identified, which was inherited from the mother, and resulted in a frame-shift mutation (c.1074_1077del.GTCG) due to an alternative splicing. In conclusion, the identification of the "eye-of-the-tiger"-like sign in the globus pallidus of the patient expands the phenotypic spectrum of PLA2G6-associated disorders and reveals its value in differential diagnosis of PLA2G6-associated disorders.

Biochemical mechanisms of pallidal deep brain stimulation in X-linked dystonia parkinsonism.

Science.gov (United States)

Tronnier, V M; Domingo, A; Moll, C K; Rasche, D; Mohr, C; Rosales, R; Capetian, P; Jamora, R D; Lee, L V; Münchau, A; Diesta, C C; Tadic, V; Klein, C; Brüggemann, N; Moser, A

2015-08-01

Invasive techniques such as in-vivo microdialysis provide the opportunity to directly assess neurotransmitter levels in subcortical brain areas. Five male Filipino patients (mean age 42.4, range 34-52 years) with severe X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism underwent bilateral implantation of deep brain leads into the internal part of the globus pallidus (GPi). Intraoperative microdialysis and measurement of gamma aminobutyric acid and glutamate was performed in the GPi in three patients and globus pallidus externus (GPe) in two patients at baseline for 25/30 min and during 25/30 min of high-frequency GPi stimulation. While the gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration increased in the GPi during high frequency stimulation (231 ± 102% in comparison to baseline values), a decrease was observed in the GPe (22 ± 10%). Extracellular glutamate levels largely remained unchanged. Pallidal microdialysis is a promising intraoperative monitoring tool to better understand pathophysiological implications in movement disorders and therapeutic mechanisms of high frequency stimulation. The increased inhibitory tone of GPi neurons and the subsequent thalamic inhibition could be one of the key mechanisms of GPi deep brain stimulation in dystonia. Such a mechanism may explain how competing (dystonic) movements can be suppressed in GPi/thalamic circuits in favour of desired motor programs. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of aging on nitrergic system in human basal nuclei

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruno Lopes dos Santos

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Nitric oxide (NO is a gaseous molecule that plays a role in a number of physiologic processes. The available evidence suggests that NO is a major neurotransmitter involved in motor control and emotion/behavior modulation. To investigate the distribution and morphology of the nitrergic system in human basal nuclei, we studied samples from the striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra and pedunculopontine nucleus of 20 human brains from subjects without neurologic/psychiatric diseases. The samples were stained for NADPH-diaphorase using histochemistry and for neuronal NO synthase using immunohistochemistry. We then analyzed the nitrergic neuronal density and its morphometric parameters. Our data demonstrated that: (I the most posterior regions of the striatum exhibit a higher neuronal density; (II the limbic cortex-associated areas of the striatum exhibit higher neuronal density than other functional subdivisions; (III approximately 90% of the neurons in the subthalamic nucleus express NO; (IV the pedunculopontine nucleus exhibits a massive nitrergic neuronal density; (V in the globus pallidus, there is a marked presence of NO neurons in the medial medullary lamina; and (VI nitrergic neurons were not detected in the substantia nigra. Aging did not change the neuronal density or the morphometric parameters of nitrergic neurons in the analyzed nuclei.

Cognitive dysfunction, MRI findings and manganese levels in alcoholics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Itoh, Tsutomu; Nakane, Yoshibumi [Nagasaki Univ. (Japan). School of Medicine; Takahashi, Katsurou; Shimanaga, Masaki [National Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura (Japan)

2002-12-01

Alcoholic patients have been known to have brain atrophy and cognitive dysfunction. However, recent studies have reported bilateral signal hyperintensities of the globus pallidus on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in liver failure, findings that are typically associated with manganese intoxication. The present study compared brain atrophy on T1-weighted MRI, signal intensity ratios of the globus pallidus on T1-weighted MRI, whole blood manganese levels, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) IQ parameters between alcoholics with and without liver cirrhosis, to investigate cognitive dysfunction, MRI findings and manganese levels in alcoholics. Pallidal hyperintensity was visually identified in 80% of alcoholic patients with liver cirrhosis. In addition, a significant correlation was seen between pallidal signal intensity (P.S.I.) ratio and blood manganese level. However, no significant correlations were found between pallidal signal intensity ratio and any of the WAIS-R parameters. These findings suggest that no direct connection exists between cognitive dysfunction and pallidal hyperintensity in alcoholic patients with liver cirrhosis. We confirmed that brain MRI in alcoholics could detect pallidal signal hyperintensity, suggesting severe liver dysfunction. In addition to diagnosis, brain MRI is useful for therapeutic psychoeducation to alcoholic patients with liver cirrhosis, visualizing the severe liver dysfunction. (author)

Anatomical brain difference of subthreshold depression in young and middle-aged individuals.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Jing; Wang, Zengjian; Hwang, JiWon; Zhao, Bingcong; Yang, Xinjing; Xin, Suicheng; Wang, Yu; Jiang, Huili; Shi, Peng; Zhang, Ye; Wang, Xu; Lang, Courtney; Park, Joel; Bao, Tuya; Kong, Jian

2017-01-01

Subthreshold depression (StD) is associated with substantial functional impairments due to depressive symptoms that do not fully meet the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Its high incidence in the general population and debilitating symptoms has recently put it at the forefront of mood disorder research. In this study we investigated common volumetric brain changes in both young and middle-aged StD patients. Two cohorts of StD patients, young and middle-aged, ( n  = 57) and matched controls ( n  = 76) underwent voxel-based morphometry (VBM). VBM analysis found that: 1) compared with healthy controls, StD patients showed decreased gray matter volume (GMV) in the bilateral globus pallidus and precentral gyrus, as well as increased GMV in the left thalamus and right rostral anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex; 2) there is a significant association between Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale scores and the bilateral globus pallidus (negative) and left thalamus (positive); 3) there is no interaction between age (young vs. middle-age) and group (StD vs. controls). Our findings indicate significant VBM brain changes in both young and middle-aged individuals with StD. Individuals with StD, regardless of age, may share common neural characteristics.

Cognitive dysfunction, MRI findings and manganese levels in alcoholics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Itoh, Tsutomu; Nakane, Yoshibumi

2002-01-01

Alcoholic patients have been known to have brain atrophy and cognitive dysfunction. However, recent studies have reported bilateral signal hyperintensities of the globus pallidus on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in liver failure, findings that are typically associated with manganese intoxication. The present study compared brain atrophy on T1-weighted MRI, signal intensity ratios of the globus pallidus on T1-weighted MRI, whole blood manganese levels, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) IQ parameters between alcoholics with and without liver cirrhosis, to investigate cognitive dysfunction, MRI findings and manganese levels in alcoholics. Pallidal hyperintensity was visually identified in 80% of alcoholic patients with liver cirrhosis. In addition, a significant correlation was seen between pallidal signal intensity (P.S.I.) ratio and blood manganese level. However, no significant correlations were found between pallidal signal intensity ratio and any of the WAIS-R parameters. These findings suggest that no direct connection exists between cognitive dysfunction and pallidal hyperintensity in alcoholic patients with liver cirrhosis. We confirmed that brain MRI in alcoholics could detect pallidal signal hyperintensity, suggesting severe liver dysfunction. In addition to diagnosis, brain MRI is useful for therapeutic psychoeducation to alcoholic patients with liver cirrhosis, visualizing the severe liver dysfunction. (author)

Videofluoroscopy of the pharynx and esophagus in patients with globus pharyngis. Comparison with static radiography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schober, E.; Schima, W.; Pokieser, P.

1995-01-01

The symptom is associated with a multitude of pharyngoesophageal abnormalities. Our study compares the diagnostic yield of videofluoroscopy to that of static radiography in patients suffering from globus pharnygis. A total of 150 consecutive patients complaining of a lump in the throat, but without evidence of dysphagia, were studied in a standardized fashion with both methods. Videofluoroscopy combined with static radiography revealed morphological or functional abnormalities in 75% of our patients. The combination of the two methods yielded significantly more abnormalities in the pharynx and esophagus than videofluoroscopy or static radiography alone. Esophageal motor disorders, pharyngoesophageal sphincter dysfunction and pharyngeal residue of contrast material proved to be the most common abnormalities. In conclusion, videofluoroscopy combined with static radiography is mandatory in the radiological assessment of patients suffering from the globus sensation. (orig.) [de

Liderazgo y comunicación Interna. Welcome to my reality

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Gómez, María

2015-01-01

La comunicación interna ha adquirido gran protagonismo en la actualidad y se están imponiendo nuevas formas de liderazgo personal en las empresas. La conferencia analiza los nuevos modelos y la importancia que hoy tiene la comunicación interna, que se ha convertido en imprescindible. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.

Using Globus GridFTP to Transfer and Share Big Data | Poster

Science.gov (United States)

By Ashley DeVine, Staff Writer, and Mark Wance, Guest Writer; photo by Richard Frederickson, Staff Photographer Transferring big data, such as the genomics data delivered to customers from the Center for Cancer Research Sequencing Facility (CCR SF), has been difficult in the past because the transfer systems have not kept pace with the size of the data. However, the situation is changing as a result of the Globus GridFTP project.

New results from the Globus-M spherical tokamak

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gusev, V.K.; Ananiev, A.S.; Amoskov, V.M.

2003-01-01

New results from the Globus-M spherical tokamak are presented. High plasma current of 0.36 MA, high toroidal magnetic field of 0.55 T and other important plasma characteristics were achieved. Described are the operational space and plasma stability limits in the OH regime. The factors limiting operational space (MHD instabilities, runaway electrons, etc.) are discussed. New experiments on plasma fuelling are described. First results of experiments with a coaxial plasma gun injector are presented. Initial results of a plasma - wall interaction study are outlined. First results obtained with new diagnostic tools installed on the tokamak are presented. An auxiliary heating system test was performed. Preliminary results of simulations and experiments are given. (author)

Suitability of the alkalistable carbonic anhydrase from a polyextremophilic bacterium Aeribacillus pallidus TSHB1 in biomimetic carbon sequestration.

Science.gov (United States)

Bose, Himadri; Satyanarayana, T

2016-10-01

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) was produced from the polyextremophilic (halotolerant, moderately thermophilic and alkaliphilic) bacterium Aeribacillus pallidus TSHB1 isolated from water and sediment samples of Choti Anhoni hot spring of Pipariya, Madhya Pradesh (India), is being reported to be suitable for carbon sequestration. Growth and CA production were inhibited at higher CO2 concentration (5-10 %). Under optimized culture variables (tryptone 0.8 %, yeast extract 0.08 %, glucose 1 %, micronutrient solution 1 %, inoculums size 1.10 %, agitation 200 at pH 8, and temperature 55 °C), 3.7-fold higher CA production was attained than that under unoptimized conditions. The zymogram analysis of the partially purified CA revealed an activity band corresponding to 32 kDa. The enzyme is stable in the pH range between 8.0 and 11.0 with T 1/2 of 40, 15, and 8 min at 60, 70, and 80 °C, respectively. The CA of A. pallidus displayed a marked enhancement in the rate of CaCO3 precipitation from aqueous CO2. The CA-aided formation of CaCO3 was 42.5 mg mg(-1) protein. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of rhomboid calcite crystals. This is the first report on the production and applicability of CA from the polyextremophilic A. pallidus in carbon sequestration.

Pathological bolus exposure may define gastro-esophageal reflux better than pathological acid exposure in patients with globus.

Science.gov (United States)

Sinn, Dong Hyun; Kim, Beom Jin; Son, Hee Jung; Kim, Jae J; Rhee, Jong Chul; Rhee, Poong-Lyul

2012-01-01

Conventionally, pathological acid exposure (PAE), defined by acid reflux only, is used to identify gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, weak acid reflux or non-acid reflux also induces reflux symptoms. Defining abnormal reflux based on all reflux episodes may better identify GERD and would be more useful among patients with atypical GERD symptoms, such as globus. Impedance-pHmetry results of 31 globus patients, off acid suppressants, were analysed. A median of 24 episodes of reflux were observed. Of the reflux episodes, 54% were non-acid reflux and 50% reached the proximal extent. PAE was observed in 6 patients (19%). For 5 patients (16%) without PAE, there was evidence of increased bolus exposure compared to normal controls (an intraesophageal bolus exposure for more than 1.4% of the recording time, defined as pathological bolus exposure, PBE). When GERD was defined by PAE or esophagitis, the prevalence of GERD was 29%. When GERD was defined by PBE, PAE or esophagitis, the prevalence was 42%. PBE identified 13% of the patients who otherwise would have been missed. A significant proportion of patients without PAE had evidence of PBE. PBE may be a more useful definition for identifying patients with abnormal increase in reflux in patients with globus. Further studies are warranted.

Homologous Basal Ganglia Network Models in Physiological and Parkinsonian Conditions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jyotika Bahuguna

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The classical model of basal ganglia has been refined in recent years with discoveries of subpopulations within a nucleus and previously unknown projections. One such discovery is the presence of subpopulations of arkypallidal and prototypical neurons in external globus pallidus, which was previously considered to be a primarily homogeneous nucleus. Developing a computational model of these multiple interconnected nuclei is challenging, because the strengths of the connections are largely unknown. We therefore use a genetic algorithm to search for the unknown connectivity parameters in a firing rate model. We apply a binary cost function derived from empirical firing rate and phase relationship data for the physiological and Parkinsonian conditions. Our approach generates ensembles of over 1,000 configurations, or homologies, for each condition, with broad distributions for many of the parameter values and overlap between the two conditions. However, the resulting effective weights of connections from or to prototypical and arkypallidal neurons are consistent with the experimental data. We investigate the significance of the weight variability by manipulating the parameters individually and cumulatively, and conclude that the correlation observed between the parameters is necessary for generating the dynamics of the two conditions. We then investigate the response of the networks to a transient cortical stimulus, and demonstrate that networks classified as physiological effectively suppress activity in the internal globus pallidus, and are not susceptible to oscillations, whereas parkinsonian networks show the opposite tendency. Thus, we conclude that the rates and phase relationships observed in the globus pallidus are predictive of experimentally observed higher level dynamical features of the physiological and parkinsonian basal ganglia, and that the multiplicity of solutions generated by our method may well be indicative of a natural

MRI and MR spectroscopy study on basal ganglia alterations in patients with liver cirrhosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu Haibo; Ma Lin; Cai Youquan; Li Tao; Li Dejun; Liang Li

2007-01-01

Objective: To study the signal changes and metabolic alterations in the basal ganglia (BG) by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in patients with hepatic encephalopathy with and without parkinsonism. Methods: MRI and MRS in the basal ganglia were performed in 27 patients (22 males, 5 females, age ranging from 29 to 62 years) with liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. 14 of the 27 patients were classified as having parkinsonian signs evaluated by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) test. 18 age-matched healthy volunteers (13 males, 5 females, age ranging from 24 to 51 years) underwent MRI and MRS as a control group. Results: NAA/Cr levels (average numbers are 1.40±0.03, 1.35±0.03 respectively) showed no statistical difference between cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy and the control group (t=1.16, t=0.87, P>0.05). Values of signal hyperintensities (average numbers are 1.03±0.002, 1.04± 0.003 respectively) in globus pallidus and ratios of mI/Cr(average numbers are 0.63±0.01, 0.61± 0.02 respectively) and Cho/Cr (average numbers are 0.82±0.03, 0.80±0.02 respectively) showed no statistically significant differences between the control group and the 13 patients without parkinsonism (t=0.63, t=-0.52, t=-0.54, P>0.05), whereas values of signal hyperintensities (average numbers are 1.18±0.001, 1.04±0.003 respectively) in globus pallidus and ratios of mI/Cr (average numbers are 0.39±0.02, 0.63±0.01 respectively) and Cho/Cr(average numbers are 0.68±0.01, 0.82±0.03 respectively) shows statistically significant difference in patients without and with parkinsonism (t=-5.16, t=7.61, t=4.12, P<0.05). In patients with cirrhosis, the values of signal hyperintensities in globus pallidus were inversely correlated with the ratio for mI/Cr(r=-0.764, P<0.05) and Cho/Cr (r=-0.553, P<0.05), respectively. Conclusion: MRI and MRS may be useful tools in the evaluation of extrapyramidal

Quantitative evaluation of hyperintensity on T1-weighted MRI in liver cirrhosis : correlation with child-pugh classification and hepatic encephalopathy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eun, Hyo Won; Choi, Hye Young; Lee, Sun Wha; Yi, Sun Young

1999-01-01

To investigate the differences in signal changes in the globus pallidus and white matter, as seen on T1-weighted MR brain images, and to determine whether these differences can be used as an indicator of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy. A total of 25 cases of liver cirrhosis were evaluated and as a control group, 20 subjects were also studied. Using a 1.5T MRI scannet, brain MR images were obtained, and the differences in signal intensity in both the globus pallidus and thalamus and in both white and gray matter were then quantified using the contrast to noise ratio(CNR). On the basis of the Child-Pugh classification, 25patients with liver cirrhosis were divided into three groups, with eight in group A, eight in B, and nine in C. Using clinical criteria, hepatic encephalopathy was diagnosed in seven of the 25 patients. There after, CNRs(CNR1 and CNR2) were conpared between the control and cirrhotic groups and between cirrhotic groups with or without hepatic encephalopathy. In the control group, mean values were 3.2±5.9 for CNR1 and 8.4±8.0 for CNR2. In the cirrhotic group, these values were 10.6±9.0 for CNR1 and 9.8±6.4 for CNR2. A statistically significant difference was noted between normal and cirrhotic groups only for CNR1(p<0.05). CNR values in patients with liver cirrhosis were 8.5±11.5 for CNR1 and 11.7±8.7 for CNR2 in the Child A group, 10.4±5.1 for CNR1 and 9.3±3.2 for CNR2 in the B group, and 12.8±9.7 for CNR1 and 8.7±6.5 for CNR2 in the C group. There was no significant difference in mean CNRI values between patients with or without hepatic encephalopathy. Differences in signal intensities in the globus pallidus and white matter, as seen on T1-weighted MR brain images, cannot be used as an indicator of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis

Quantitative evaluation of hyperintensity on T1-weighted MRI in liver cirrhosis : correlation with child-pugh classification and hepatic encephalopathy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eun, Hyo Won; Choi, Hye Young; Lee, Sun Wha; Yi, Sun Young [Ewha Womans Univ. College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1999-11-01

To investigate the differences in signal changes in the globus pallidus and white matter, as seen on T1-weighted MR brain images, and to determine whether these differences can be used as an indicator of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy. A total of 25 cases of liver cirrhosis were evaluated and as a control group, 20 subjects were also studied. Using a 1.5T MRI scannet, brain MR images were obtained, and the differences in signal intensity in both the globus pallidus and thalamus and in both white and gray matter were then quantified using the contrast to noise ratio(CNR). On the basis of the Child-Pugh classification, 25patients with liver cirrhosis were divided into three groups, with eight in group A, eight in B, and nine in C. Using clinical criteria, hepatic encephalopathy was diagnosed in seven of the 25 patients. There after, CNRs(CNR1 and CNR2) were conpared between the control and cirrhotic groups and between cirrhotic groups with or without hepatic encephalopathy. In the control group, mean values were 3.2{+-}5.9 for CNR1 and 8.4{+-}8.0 for CNR2. In the cirrhotic group, these values were 10.6{+-}9.0 for CNR1 and 9.8{+-}6.4 for CNR2. A statistically significant difference was noted between normal and cirrhotic groups only for CNR1(p<0.05). CNR values in patients with liver cirrhosis were 8.5{+-}11.5 for CNR1 and 11.7{+-}8.7 for CNR2 in the Child A group, 10.4{+-}5.1 for CNR1 and 9.3{+-}3.2 for CNR2 in the B group, and 12.8{+-}9.7 for CNR1 and 8.7{+-}6.5 for CNR2 in the C group. There was no significant difference in mean CNRI values between patients with or without hepatic encephalopathy. Differences in signal intensities in the globus pallidus and white matter, as seen on T1-weighted MR brain images, cannot be used as an indicator of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis.

DNA-binding properties of the Bacillus subtilis and Aeribacillus pallidus AC6 σ(D) proteins.

Science.gov (United States)

Sevim, Elif; Gaballa, Ahmed; Beldüz, A Osman; Helmann, John D

2011-01-01

σ(D) proteins from Aeribacillus pallidus AC6 and Bacillus subtilis bound specifically, albeit weakly, to promoter DNA even in the absence of core RNA polymerase. Binding required a conserved CG motif within the -10 element, and this motif is known to be recognized by σ region 2.4 and critical for promoter activity.

DNA-Binding Properties of the Bacillus subtilis and Aeribacillus pallidus AC6 σD Proteins▿

OpenAIRE

Sevim, Elif; Gaballa, Ahmed; Beldüz, A. Osman; Helmann, John D.

2010-01-01

σD proteins from Aeribacillus pallidus AC6 and Bacillus subtilis bound specifically, albeit weakly, to promoter DNA even in the absence of core RNA polymerase. Binding required a conserved CG motif within the −10 element, and this motif is known to be recognized by σ region 2.4 and critical for promoter activity.

Estudi de cas Unilever : la comunicació interna com a factor diferencial a les empreses

OpenAIRE

López Albrich, Alba; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Facultat de Ciències de la Comunicació

2014-01-01

La comunicació interna i la gestió dels actius intangibles ha començat a prendre força recentment. Aquest estudi de cas és una investigació documental d’alguns dels factors que determinen una bona comunicació interna perquè aquesta esdevingui un avantatge per l’empresa. Amb aquests indicadors localitzats comprovar-ne la seva aplicació en un cas d'èxit de comunicació interna: el cas Unilever Espanya. I d'aquesta manera constatar el paper de la comunicació interna com a eina gestora estratègica...

More than Just Fun and Games: BSG and Glo-Bus as Strategic Education Instruments

Science.gov (United States)

Karriker, Joy H.; Aaron, Joshua R.

2014-01-01

Simulations like the BSG and Glo-Bus allow students the opportunity to practice their integrated, strategic management skills in a relatively risk-free environment or "live case." We review these games and address their strengths, along with the challenges associated with their classroom application. Because of their sound designs and…

DNA-Binding Properties of the Bacillus subtilis and Aeribacillus pallidus AC6 σD Proteins▿

Science.gov (United States)

Sevim, Elif; Gaballa, Ahmed; Beldüz, A. Osman; Helmann, John D.

2011-01-01

σD proteins from Aeribacillus pallidus AC6 and Bacillus subtilis bound specifically, albeit weakly, to promoter DNA even in the absence of core RNA polymerase. Binding required a conserved CG motif within the −10 element, and this motif is known to be recognized by σ region 2.4 and critical for promoter activity. PMID:21097624

Tonic and phasic changes in anteromedial globus pallidus activity in Tourette syndrome.

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Israelashvili, Michal; Smeets, Anouk Y J M; Bronfeld, Maya; Zeef, Dagmar H; Leentjens, Albert F G; van Kranen-Mastenbroek, Vivianne; Janssen, Marcus L F; Temel, Yasin; Ackermans, Linda; Bar-Gad, Izhar

2017-07-01

Tourette syndrome is a hyperkinetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by tics. Assess the neuronal changes in the associative/limbic GP associated with Tourette syndrome. Neurophysiological recordings were performed from the anterior (associative/limbic) GPe and GPi of 8 awake patients during DBS electrode implantation surgeries. The baseline firing rate of the neurons was low in a state-dependent manner in both segments of the GP. Tic-dependent transient rate changes were found in the activity of individual neurons of both segments around the time of the tic. Neither oscillatory activity of individual neurons nor correlations in their interactions were observed. The results demonstrate the involvement of the associative/limbic pathway in the underlying pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome and point to tonic and phasic modulations of basal ganglia output as a key mechanisms underlying the abnormal state of the disorder and the expression of individual tics, respectively. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Rikkunshito improves globus sensation in patients with proton-pump inhibitor-refractory laryngopharyngeal reflux.

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Tokashiki, Ryoji; Okamoto, Isaku; Funato, Nobutoshi; Suzuki, Mamoru

2013-08-21

To investigate the effect of rikkunshito on laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms and gastric emptying in patients with proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-refractory LPR. In total, 22 patients with LPR were enrolled. Following a 2-wk treatment with PPI monotherapy, PPI-refractory LPR patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups (rikkunshito alone or rikkunshito plus the PPI, lansoprazole). LPR symptoms were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) score, gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed using the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS), and gastric emptying was assessed using the radio-opaque marker method prior to and 4 wk following treatments. The 4-wk treatment with rikkunshito alone and with rikkunshito plus the PPI significantly decreased the globus sensation VAS scores. The VAS score for sore throat was significantly decreased following treatment with rikkunshito plus PPI but not by rikkunshito alone. Neither treatment significantly changed the GSRS scores. Rikkunshito improved delayed gastric emptying. We found a significant positive correlation between improvements in globus sensation and in gastric emptying (r² = 0.4582, P sensation in patients with PPI-refractory LPR, in part, because of stimulation of gastric emptying. Thus, rikkunshito is an effective treatment for PPI-refractory LPR.

Structural differences in basal ganglia of elite running versus martial arts athletes: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

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Chang, Yu-Kai; Tsai, Jack Han-Chao; Wang, Chun-Chih; Chang, Erik Chihhung

2015-07-01

The aim of this study was to use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to characterize and compare microscopic differences in white matter integrity in the basal ganglia between elite professional athletes specializing in running and martial arts. Thirty-three young adults with sport-related skills as elite professional runners (n = 11) or elite professional martial artists (n = 11) were recruited and compared with non-athletic and healthy controls (n = 11). All participants underwent health- and skill-related physical fitness assessments. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), the primary indices derived from DTI, were computed for five regions of interest in the bilateral basal ganglia, including the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus internal segment (GPi), globus pallidus external segment (GPe), and subthalamic nucleus. Results revealed that both athletic groups demonstrated better physical fitness indices compared with their control counterparts, with the running group exhibiting the highest cardiovascular fitness and the martial arts group exhibiting the highest muscular endurance and flexibility. With respect to the basal ganglia, both athletic groups showed significantly lower FA and marginally higher MD values in the GPi compared with the healthy control group. These findings suggest that professional sport or motor skill training is associated with changes in white matter integrity in specific regions of the basal ganglia, although these positive changes did not appear to depend on the type of sport-related motor skill being practiced.

Neural correlates of enhanced visual short-term memory for angry faces: an FMRI study.

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Margaret C Jackson

Full Text Available Fluid and effective social communication requires that both face identity and emotional expression information are encoded and maintained in visual short-term memory (VSTM to enable a coherent, ongoing picture of the world and its players. This appears to be of particular evolutionary importance when confronted with potentially threatening displays of emotion - previous research has shown better VSTM for angry versus happy or neutral face identities.Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, here we investigated the neural correlates of this angry face benefit in VSTM. Participants were shown between one and four to-be-remembered angry, happy, or neutral faces, and after a short retention delay they stated whether a single probe face had been present or not in the previous display. All faces in any one display expressed the same emotion, and the task required memory for face identity. We find enhanced VSTM for angry face identities and describe the right hemisphere brain network underpinning this effect, which involves the globus pallidus, superior temporal sulcus, and frontal lobe. Increased activity in the globus pallidus was significantly correlated with the angry benefit in VSTM. Areas modulated by emotion were distinct from those modulated by memory load.Our results provide evidence for a key role of the basal ganglia as an interface between emotion and cognition, supported by a frontal, temporal, and occipital network.

Benzodiazepine effect of {sup 125}I-iomazenil-benzodiazepine receptor binding and serum corticosterone level in a rat model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fukumitsu, Nobuyoshi [Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaragi, 305-8575 (Japan)]. E-mail: gzl13162@nifty.ne.jp; Ogi, Shigeyuki [Department of Radiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461 (Japan); Uchiyama, Mayuki [Department of Radiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461 (Japan); Mori, Yutaka [Department of Radiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461 (Japan)

2005-01-01

To test the change in free or unoccupied benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) density in response to diazepam, we investigated {sup 125}I-iomazenil ({sup 125}I-IMZ) binding and serum corticosterone levels in a rat model. Wistar male rats, which received psychological stress using a communication box for 5 days, were divided into two groups according to the amount of administered diazepam: no diazepam [D (0)] group and 10 mg/kg per day [D (10)] group of 12 rats each. The standardized uptake value (SUV) of {sup 125}I-IMZ of the D (10) group were significantly lower (P<.05) than those of the D (0) group in the frontal, parietal and temporal cortices, globus pallidus, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus. The serum corticosterone level ratio in the D (10) group was significantly lower than that in the D (0) group (P<.05). From the change in serum corticosterone levels, diazepam attenuated the psychological stress produced by the physical stress to animals in adjacent compartments. From the reduced binding of {sup 125}I-IMZ, it is clear that diazepam competed with endogenous ligand for the free BZR sites, and the frontal, parietal and temporal cortices, globus pallidus, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus are important areas in which {sup 125}I-IMZ binding is strongly affected by administration of diazepam.

Quantitative analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) for brain disorders

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Lee, Jae-Seung; Im, In-Chul; Kang, Su-Man; Goo, Eun-Hoe; Kwak, Byung-Joon

2013-07-01

This study aimed to quantitatively analyze data from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) in patients with brain disorders and to assess its potential utility for analyzing brain function. DTI was obtained by performing 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD), and the data were analyzed using Matlab-based SPM software. The two-sample t-test was used for error analysis of the location of the activated pixels. We compared regions of white matter where the fractional anisotropy (FA) values were low and the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were increased. In the AD group, the FA values were low in the right superior temporal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, right sub-lobar insula, and right occipital lingual gyrus whereas the ADCs were significantly increased in the right inferior frontal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus. In the VD group, the FA values were low in the right superior temporal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, right limbic cingulate gyrus, and right sub-lobar caudate tail whereas the ADCs were significantly increased in the left lateral globus pallidus and left medial globus pallidus. In conclusion by using DTI and SPM analysis, we were able to not only determine the structural state of the regions affected by brain disorders but also quantitatively analyze and assess brain function.

Basal ganglia neuronal activity during scanning eye movements in Parkinson's disease.

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Tomáš Sieger

Full Text Available The oculomotor role of the basal ganglia has been supported by extensive evidence, although their role in scanning eye movements is poorly understood. Nineteen Parkinsońs disease patients, which underwent implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes, were investigated with simultaneous intraoperative microelectrode recordings and single channel electrooculography in a scanning eye movement task by viewing a series of colored pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System. Four patients additionally underwent a visually guided saccade task. Microelectrode recordings were analyzed selectively from the subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra pars reticulata and from the globus pallidus by the WaveClus program which allowed for detection and sorting of individual neurons. The relationship between neuronal firing rate and eye movements was studied by crosscorrelation analysis. Out of 183 neurons that were detected, 130 were found in the subthalamic nucleus, 30 in the substantia nigra and 23 in the globus pallidus. Twenty percent of the neurons in each of these structures showed eye movement-related activity. Neurons related to scanning eye movements were mostly unrelated to the visually guided saccades. We conclude that a relatively large number of basal ganglia neurons are involved in eye motion control. Surprisingly, neurons related to scanning eye movements differed from neurons activated during saccades suggesting functional specialization and segregation of both systems for eye movement control.

Basal ganglia neuronal activity during scanning eye movements in Parkinson's disease.

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Sieger, Tomáš; Bonnet, Cecilia; Serranová, Tereza; Wild, Jiří; Novák, Daniel; Růžička, Filip; Urgošík, Dušan; Růžička, Evžen; Gaymard, Bertrand; Jech, Robert

2013-01-01

The oculomotor role of the basal ganglia has been supported by extensive evidence, although their role in scanning eye movements is poorly understood. Nineteen Parkinsońs disease patients, which underwent implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes, were investigated with simultaneous intraoperative microelectrode recordings and single channel electrooculography in a scanning eye movement task by viewing a series of colored pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System. Four patients additionally underwent a visually guided saccade task. Microelectrode recordings were analyzed selectively from the subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra pars reticulata and from the globus pallidus by the WaveClus program which allowed for detection and sorting of individual neurons. The relationship between neuronal firing rate and eye movements was studied by crosscorrelation analysis. Out of 183 neurons that were detected, 130 were found in the subthalamic nucleus, 30 in the substantia nigra and 23 in the globus pallidus. Twenty percent of the neurons in each of these structures showed eye movement-related activity. Neurons related to scanning eye movements were mostly unrelated to the visually guided saccades. We conclude that a relatively large number of basal ganglia neurons are involved in eye motion control. Surprisingly, neurons related to scanning eye movements differed from neurons activated during saccades suggesting functional specialization and segregation of both systems for eye movement control.

Image-guided preoperative prediction of pyramidal tract side effect in deep brain stimulation

Science.gov (United States)

Baumgarten, C.; Zhao, Y.; Sauleau, P.; Malrain, C.; Jannin, P.; Haegelen, C.

2016-03-01

Deep brain stimulation of the medial globus pallidus is a surgical procedure for treating patients suffering from Parkinson's disease. Its therapeutic effect may be limited by the presence of pyramidal tract side effect (PTSE). PTSE is a contraction time-locked to the stimulation when the current spreading reaches the motor fibers of the pyramidal tract within the internal capsule. The lack of side-effect predictive model leads the neurologist to secure an optimal electrode placement by iterating clinical testing on an awake patient during the surgical procedure. The objective of the study was to propose a preoperative predictive model of PTSE. A machine learning based method called PyMAN (for Pyramidal tract side effect Model based on Artificial Neural network) that accounted for the current of the stimulation, the 3D electrode coordinates and the angle of the trajectory, was designed to predict the occurrence of PTSE. Ten patients implanted in the medial globus pallidus have been tested by a clinician to create a labeled dataset of the stimulation parameters that trigger PTSE. The kappa index value between the data predicted by PyMAN and the labeled data was .78. Further evaluation studies are desirable to confirm whether PyMAN could be a reliable tool for assisting the surgeon to prevent PTSE during the preoperative planning.

Bilateral hyperintense basal ganglia on T1-weighted image

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baik, Seung Kug; Ahn, Woo Hyun; Choi, Han Yong; Kim, Bong Gi

1994-01-01

Bilateral high signal intensity in basal ganglia on T1-weighted images is unusual, the purpose of this study is to describe the pattern of high signal intensity and underlying disease. During the last three years, 8 patients showed bilateral high signal intensity in basal ganglia on T1-weighted image, as compared with cerebral white matter. Authors analyzed the images and underlying causes retrospectively. Of 8 patients, 5 were male and 3 were female. The age ranged from 15 days to 79 years. All patient were examined by a 0.5T superconductive MRI. Images were obtained by spin echo multislice technique. Underlying causes were 4 cases of hepatopathy, 2 cases of calcium metabolism disorder, and one case each of neurofibromatosis and hypoxic brain injury. These process were bilateral in all cases and usually symmetric. In all cases the hyperintense areas were generally homogenous without mass effect or edema, although somewhat nodular appearance was seen in neurofibromatosis. Lesions were located in the globus pallidus and internal capsule in hepatopathy and neurofibromatosis, head of the caudate nucleus in disorder of calcum metabolism, and the globus pallidus in hypoxic brain injury. Although this study is limited by its patient population, bilateral hyperintense basal ganglia is associated with various disease entities. On analysis of hyperintense basal ganglia lesion, the knowledge of clinical information improved diagnostic accuracy

Grey matter alterations in patients with Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN).

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Rodriguez-Raecke, Rea; Roa-Sanchez, Pedro; Speckter, Herwin; Fermin-Delgado, Rafael; Perez-Then, Eddy; Oviedo, Jairo; Stoeter, Peter

2014-09-01

Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare heritable disease marked by dystonia and loss of movement control. In contrast to the well-known "Eye-of-the-Tiger" sign affecting the globus pallidus, little is known about other deviations of brain morphology, especially about grey matter changes. We investigated 29 patients with PKAN and 29 age-matched healthy controls using Magnet Resonance Imaging and Voxel-Based Morphometry. As compared to controls, children with PKAN showed increased grey matter density in the putamen and nucleus caudatus and adults with PKAN showed increased grey matter density in the ventral part of the anterior cingulate cortex. A multiple regression analysis with dystonia score as predictor showed grey matter reduction in the cerebellum, posterior cingulate cortex, superior parietal lobule, pars triangularis and small frontal and temporal areas and an analysis with age as predictor showed grey matter decreases in the putamen, nucleus caudatus, supplementary motor area and anterior cingulate cortex. The grey matter increases may be regarded as a secondary phenomenon compensating the increased activity of the motor system due to a reduced inhibitory output of the globus pallidus. With increasing age, the grey matter reduction of cortical midline structures however might contribute to the progression of dystonic symptoms due to loss of this compensatory control. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bilingualism at the core of the brain. Structural differences between bilinguals and monolinguals revealed by subcortical shape analysis.

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Burgaleta, Miguel; Sanjuán, Ana; Ventura-Campos, Noelia; Sebastian-Galles, Núria; Ávila, César

2016-01-15

Naturally acquiring a language shapes the human brain through a long-lasting learning and practice process. This is supported by previous studies showing that managing more than one language from early childhood has an impact on brain structure and function. However, to what extent bilingual individuals present neuroanatomical peculiarities at the subcortical level with respect to monolinguals is yet not well understood, despite the key role of subcortical gray matter for a number of language functions, including monitoring of speech production and language control - two processes especially solicited by bilinguals. Here we addressed this issue by performing a subcortical surface-based analysis in a sample of monolinguals and simultaneous bilinguals (N=88) that only differed in their language experience from birth. This analysis allowed us to study with great anatomical precision the potential differences in morphology of key subcortical structures, namely, the caudate, accumbens, putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus. Vertexwise analyses revealed significantly expanded subcortical structures for bilinguals compared to monolinguals, localized in bilateral putamen and thalamus, as well as in the left globus pallidus and right caudate nucleus. A topographical interpretation of our results suggests that a more complex phonological system in bilinguals may lead to a greater development of a subcortical brain network involved in monitoring articulatory processes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Production and characterization of a new antibacterial peptide obtained from Aeribacillus pallidus SAT4

OpenAIRE

Muhammad, Syed Aun; Ahmed, Safia

2015-01-01

A novel thermophilic bacterial strain of the genus Aeribacillus was isolated from Thar Dessert Pakistan. This strain showed significant antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strain coded as ‘SAT4’ resembled with Aeribacillus pallidus in the morphological, biochemical and molecular tests. The production of antibacterial metabolites by SAT4 was optimized. These active metabolites were precipitated by 50% ammonium sulphate and p...

Transcriptome profiling of the theca interna from bovine ovarian follicles during atresia.

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Nicholas Hatzirodos

Full Text Available The theca interna is a specialized stromal layer that envelops each growing ovarian follicle. It contains capillaries, fibroblasts, immune cells and the steroidogenic cells that synthesize androgens for conversion to estradiol by the neighboring granulosa cells. During reproductive life only a small number of follicles will grow to a sufficient size to ovulate, whereas the majority of follicles will undergo regression/atresia and phagocytosis by macrophages. To identify genes which are differentially regulated in the theca interna during follicular atresia, we undertook transcriptome profiling of the theca interna from healthy (n = 10 and antral atretic (n = 5 bovine follicles at early antral stages (<5 mm. Principal Component Analyses and hierarchical classification of the signal intensity plots for the arrays showed primary clustering into two groups, healthy and atretic. A total of 543 probe sets were differentially expressed between the atretic and healthy theca interna. Further analyses of these genes by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis Toolkit software found most of the genes being expressed were related to cytokines, hormones and receptors as well as the cell cycle and DNA replication. Cell cycle genes which encode components of the replicating chromosome complex and mitotic spindle were down-regulated in atretic theca interna, whereas stress response and inflammation-related genes such as TP53, IKBKB and TGFB1 were up-regulated. In addition to cell cycle regulators, upstream regulators that were predicted to be inhibited included Retinoblastoma 1, E2 transcription factor 1, and hepatocyte growth factor. Our study suggests that during antral atresia of small follicles in the theca interna, arrest of cell cycle and DNA replication occurs rather than up- regulation of apoptosis-associated genes as occurs in granulosa cells.

Hidrógeno: Aplicación en motores de combustión interna

OpenAIRE

Fàbrega Ramos, Marc

2009-01-01

En el presente Proyecto Final de Carrera se pretende realizar un estudio sobre los motores de combustión interna de hidrógeno y su viabilidad de introducción en el mercado. En el presente Proyecto Final de Carrera se pretende realizar un estudio sobre los motores de combustión interna de hidrógeno y su viabilidad de introducción en el mercado. No debemos confundir los motores de combustión interna de hidrógeno con los de pila de combustible de hidrógeno. En la combustión,...

Image-guided preoperative prediction of pyramidal tract side effect in deep brain stimulation: proof of concept and application to the pyramidal tract side effect induced by pallidal stimulation

OpenAIRE

Baumgarten, Clement; Zhao, Yulong; Sauleau, Paul; Malrain, Cecile; Jannin, Pierre; Haegelen, Claire

2016-01-01

Deep brain stimulation of the medial globus pallidus (GPm) is a surgical procedure for treating patients suffering from Parkinson���s disease. Its therapeutic effect may be limited by the presence of pyramidal tract side effect (PTSE). PTSE is a contraction time-locked to the stimulation when the current spreading reaches the motor fibers of the pyramidal tract within the internal capsule. The objective of the study was to propose a preoperative predictive model of PTSE. A machine learning-ba...

Regional distribution of enkephalinase in rat brain by autoradiography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Waksman, G.; Hamel, E.; Besselievre, R.; Fournie-Zaluski, M.C.; Roques, B.P.; Bouboutou, R.

1984-01-01

The first visualization of enkephalinase (neutral metalloendopeptidase, E.C.3.4.24.11) in rat brain was obtained by autoradiography, using a new tritiated inhibitor: [ 3 H]N-[(R, S) 3-(N-hydroxy) carboxamido-2-benzyl propanoyl]-glycine ( 3 H-HCBP-Gly). The preliminary analysis of sections clearly showed a discrete localization of enkephalinase in enkephalin enriched regions, such as caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra. Moreover 3 H-HCBP-Gly binding also occured in choroid plexus and spinal cord [fr

Hypothalamic projections to the ventral medulla oblongata in the rat, with special reference to the nucleus raphe pallidus: a study using autoradiographic and HRP techniques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hosoya, Yasuhiko

1985-10-07

Hypothalamic descending projections to the medullary ventral surface were studied autoradiographically in the rat. A small amount of (/sup 3/H)leucine was injected unilaterally into various parts of the hypothalamus by air pressure. Abundant and characteristic terminal labelings were observed bilaterally in the nucleus raphe pallidus, the ventral surface to the pyramidal tract and the nucleus interfascicularis hypoglossi, after injections into the dorsal posterior hypothalamic area caudal to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Conspicuous, but less numerous labelings were observed in the nucleus raphe obscurus and the ipsilateral raphe magnus. After an injection of (/sup 3/H)leucine into the hypothalamus and injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the spinal cord in the same animal, silver grains were densely distributed around HRP-labeled neurons in the nucleus raphe pallidus including the nucleus interfascicularis hypoglossi. The present results suggest that the dorsal posterior hypothalamic area projects directly to the spinal-projecting neurons of the nucleus raphe pallidus. 53 refs.; 9 figs.

End-To-End Solution for Integrated Workload and Data Management using GlideinWMS and Globus Online

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mhashilkar, Parag; Miller, Zachary; Weiss, Cathrin; Kettimuthu, Rajkumar; Garzoglio, Gabriele; Holzman, Burt; Duan, Xi; Lacinski, Lukasz

2012-01-01

Grid computing has enabled scientific communities to effectively share computing resources distributed over many independent sites. Several such communities, or Virtual Organizations (VO), in the Open Science Grid and the European Grid Infrastructure use the GlideinWMS system to run complex application work-flows. GlideinWMS is a pilot-based workload management system (WMS) that creates an on-demand, dynamically-sized overlay Condor batch system on Grid resources. While the WMS addresses the management of compute resources, however, data management in the Grid is still the responsibility of the VO. In general, large VOs have resources to develop complex custom solutions, while small VOs would rather push this responsibility to the infrastructure. The latter requires a tight integration of the WMS and the data management layers, an approach still not common in modern Grids. In this paper we describe a solution developed to address this shortcoming in the context of Center for Enabling Distributed Peta-scale Science (CEDPS) by integrating GlideinWMS with Globus Online (GO). Globus Online is a fast, reliable file transfer service that makes it easy for any user to move data. The solution eliminates the need for the users to provide custom data transfer solutions in the application by making this functionality part of the GlideinWMS infrastructure. To achieve this, GlideinWMS uses the file transfer plug-in architecture of Condor. The paper describes the system architecture and how this solution can be extended to support data transfer services other than Globus Online when used with Condor or GlideinWMS.

Frequency and function in the basal ganglia: the origins of beta and gamma band activity.

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Blenkinsop, Alexander; Anderson, Sean; Gurney, Kevin

2017-07-01

Neuronal oscillations in the basal ganglia have been observed to correlate with behaviours, although the causal mechanisms and functional significance of these oscillations remain unknown. We present a novel computational model of the healthy basal ganglia, constrained by single unit recordings from non-human primates. When the model is run using inputs that might be expected during performance of a motor task, the network shows emergent phenomena: it functions as a selection mechanism and shows spectral properties that match those seen in vivo. Beta frequency oscillations are shown to require pallido-striatal feedback, and occur with behaviourally relevant cortical input. Gamma oscillations arise in the subthalamic-globus pallidus feedback loop, and occur during movement. The model provides a coherent framework for the study of spectral, temporal and functional analyses of the basal ganglia and lays the foundation for an integrated approach to study basal ganglia pathologies such as Parkinson's disease in silico. Neural oscillations in the basal ganglia (BG) are well studied yet remain poorly understood. Behavioural correlates of spectral activity are well described, yet a quantitative hypothesis linking time domain dynamics and spectral properties to BG function has been lacking. We show, for the first time, that a unified description is possible by interpreting previously ignored structure in data describing globus pallidus interna responses to cortical stimulation. These data were used to expose a pair of distinctive neuronal responses to the stimulation. This observation formed the basis for a new mathematical model of the BG, quantitatively fitted to the data, which describes the dynamics in the data, and is validated against other stimulus protocol experiments. A key new result is that when the model is run using inputs hypothesised to occur during the performance of a motor task, beta and gamma frequency oscillations emerge naturally during static-force and

Genome Sequence of Aeribacillus pallidus Strain GS3372, an Endospore-Forming Bacterium Isolated in a Deep Geothermal Reservoir

OpenAIRE

Sevasti Filippidou; Marion Jaussi; Thomas Junier; Tina Wunderlin; Nicole Jeanneret; Simona Regenspurg; Po-E Li; Chien-Chi Lo; Shannon Johnson; Kim McMurry; Cheryl D. Gleasner; Momchilo Vuyisich; Patrick S. Chain; Pilar Junier

2015-01-01

The genome of strain GS3372 is the first publicly available strain of Aeribacillus pallidus. This endospore-forming thermophilic strain was isolated from a deep geothermal reservoir. The availability of this genome can contribute to the clarification of the taxonomy of the closely related Anoxybacillus, Geobacillus, and Aeribacillus genera.

A case study for cloud based high throughput analysis of NGS data using the globus genomics system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Krithika Bhuvaneshwar

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Next generation sequencing (NGS technologies produce massive amounts of data requiring a powerful computational infrastructure, high quality bioinformatics software, and skilled personnel to operate the tools. We present a case study of a practical solution to this data management and analysis challenge that simplifies terabyte scale data handling and provides advanced tools for NGS data analysis. These capabilities are implemented using the “Globus Genomics” system, which is an enhanced Galaxy workflow system made available as a service that offers users the capability to process and transfer data easily, reliably and quickly to address end-to-endNGS analysis requirements. The Globus Genomics system is built on Amazon's cloud computing infrastructure. The system takes advantage of elastic scaling of compute resources to run multiple workflows in parallel and it also helps meet the scale-out analysis needs of modern translational genomics research.

1H MR spectroscopy of gray and white matter in carbon monoxide poisoning

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kondziella, D.; Danielsen, E.R.; Hansen, K.

2009-01-01

Carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication leads to acute and chronic neurological deficits, but little is known about the specific noxious mechanisms. (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) may allow insight into the pathophysiology of CO poisoning by monitoring neurochemical disturbances, yet only......, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological testing. Five patients suffered from acute high-dose CO intoxication and were in coma for 1-6 days. In these patients, MRI revealed hyperintensities of the white matter and globus pallidus and also showed increased choline (Cho) and decreased N...

Neuroradiologiske forandringer ved undertrykkelse af tics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Sara Bohn; Sørensen, Camilla Birgitte; Skov, Liselotte

2017-01-01

Neuroradiological changes by suppression of tics Tourette’s syndrome is characterized by involuntary tics. First choice of treatment has been pharmacological, but recently, behavioural therapy teaching patients to suppress their tics has been introduced. Neuroimaging studies have shown an increased...... activity in the prefrontal cortex, temporal lobes and caudate nucleus, and a decreased activity in globus pallidus and putamen during inhibition of tics. The activity in the frontal lobes changes with age, probably caused by a lack of compensatory hypertrophy. In order to fully understand the mechanism...

Transcriptome profiling of the theca interna in transition from small to large antral ovarian follicles.

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Nicholas Hatzirodos

Full Text Available The theca interna layer of the ovarian follicle forms during the antral stage of follicle development and lies adjacent to and directly outside the follicular basal lamina. It supplies androgens and communicates with the granulosa cells and the oocyte by extracellular signaling. To better understand developmental changes in the theca interna, we undertook transcriptome profiling of the theca interna from small (3-5 mm, n = 10 and large (9-12 mm, n = 5 healthy antral bovine follicles, representing a calculated >7-fold increase in the amount of thecal tissue. Principal Component Analysis and hierarchical classification of the signal intensity plots for the arrays showed no clustering of the theca interna samples into groups depending on follicle size or subcategories of small follicles. From the over 23,000 probe sets analysed, only 76 were differentially expressed between large and small healthy follicles. Some of the differentially expressed genes were associated with processes such as myoblast differentiation, protein ubiquitination, nitric oxide and transforming growth factor β signaling. The most significant pathway affected from our analyses was found to be Wnt signaling, which was suppressed in large follicles via down-regulation of WNT2B and up-regulation of the inhibitor FRZB. These changes in the transcriptional profile could have been due to changes in cellular function or alternatively since the theca interna is composed of a number of different cell types it could have been due to any systematic change in the volume density of any particular cell type. However, our study suggests that the transcriptional profile of the theca interna is relatively stable during antral follicle development unlike that of granulosa cells observed previously. Thus both the cellular composition and cellular behavior of the theca interna and its contribution to follicular development appear to be relatively constant throughout the follicle growth

The histamine system in human brain. Changes in neurological and psychiatric disorders

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goodchild, R.E

1999-09-01

Autoradiographical examination of the distribution of H{sub 1}- and H{sub 3}- histamine receptor subtypes, using [{sup 3}H]-mepyramine and [{sup 3}H]-R-({alpha}) methylhistamine respectively, found high H{sub 1}-receptor binding densities in neocortex, dentate gyrus and basolateral amygdala, with low binding in all subdivisions of the thalamus and other subcortical areas. H{sub 3}-receptor binding was enriched within the nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus and substantia nigra, whilst was low in the hippocampus, subthalamic nucleus, temporal cortex, motor and somatosensory thalamic areas and basolateral amygdala. In situ hybridisation found H{sub 2}-receptor mRNA located in the striatum, thalamus, hippocampal pyramidal cell layer and dentate gyrus, and specific laminae of neocortex. Comparison of autoradiographically determined H{sub 1}-, H{sub 2}- and H{sub 3}-receptor binding densities between normal and pathological cases found significantly decreased (p < 0.005, ANOVA) striatal and pallidal H{sub 3}-receptor binding in Huntington's disease (HD), with unaltered binding in the insular cortex. A significant correlation (p < 0.01) was present between binding in the internal globus pallidus and HD grade. Binding to the striatal H{sub 1}-receptor was increased (p < 0.05, ANOVA) in Parkinson's disease (PD), whilst H{sub 2}- (measured using [{sup 125}I]-iodoaminopotentidine) and H{sub 3}-receptor binding densities were normal in all areas examined. H{sub 1}-receptor binding was also increased in the hippocampus of Lewy-body dementia (DLB) cases (p < 0.05, Students two-tailed T-Test), whilst hippocampal and cortical H{sub 2}-receptor binding densities were decreased in DLB, together with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (p < 0.05, ANOVA). H{sub 3}-receptor binding was increased in the insular cortex and decreased in the temporal cortex of DLB, but not AD, cases (p < 0.05, ANOVA). H{sub 1}-receptor binding to tissue from patients with schizophrenia was

Manual de procedimiento de auditoría interna enfocado a riesgos.

OpenAIRE

Cabrera, Rosita

2008-01-01

Esta guía pretende ser una herramienta práctica para el desarrollo de la actividad del departamento de Auditoría interna, de la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito “Pablo Muñoz Vega”. Los siguientes conceptos básicos, son incluidos dada su importancia; ya que toman en cuenta las normas, principios de contabilidad y disposiciones legales que debe cumplir el personal que conforma que conforma la Unidad de Auditoría Interna. Control interno, se define ampliamente como un proceso realizado po...

Auditoria interna numa autarquia local

OpenAIRE

Mendes, Nuno Filipe Sousa

2014-01-01

A exigência do mundo atual, quer em termos sociais, quer em termos económicos, obriga a que sejam constantemente desenvolvidos novos indicadores de qualidade e transparência. Estes factos, associados a diferentes formas de organização e de suporte da informação, convocam novas medidas de controlo interno mitigadoras dos riscos, mais atuais e mais sustentadas legalmente, fazendo assim apelo a níveis profissionais elevados. É neste contexto que a auditoria interna vem ganhando uma importânci...

Exploring personality traits related to dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in striatal subregions of humans.

Science.gov (United States)

Caravaggio, Fernando; Fervaha, Gagan; Chung, Jun Ku; Gerretsen, Philip; Nakajima, Shinichiro; Plitman, Eric; Iwata, Yusuke; Wilson, Alan; Graff-Guerrero, Ariel

2016-04-01

While several studies have examined how particular personality traits are related to dopamine D2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability in the striatum of humans, few studies have reported how multiple traits measured in the same persons are differentially related to D2/3R availability in different striatal sub-regions. We examined how personality traits measured with the Karolinska Scales of Personality are related to striatal D2/3R availability measured with [(11)C]-raclopride in 30 healthy humans. Based on previous the literature, five personality traits were hypothesized to be most likely related to D2/3R availability: impulsiveness, monotony avoidance, detachment, social desirability, and socialization. We found self-reported impulsiveness was negatively correlated with D2/3R availability in the ventral striatum and globus pallidus. After controlling for age and gender, monotony avoidance was also negatively correlated with D2/3R availability in the ventral striatum and globus pallidus. Socialization was positively correlated with D2/3R availability in the ventral striatum and putamen. After controlling for age and gender, the relationship between socialization and D2/3R availability in these regions survived correction for multiple comparisons (p-threshold=.003). Thus, within the same persons, different personality traits are differentially related to in vivo D2/3R availability in different striatal sub-regions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP. All rights reserved.

Magnetic resonance imaging of carbon monoxide poisoning in chronic stage

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kojima, Shigeyuki; Kawamura, Mitsuru; Shibata, Noriyuki; Takahashi, Nobuyoshi; Hirayama, Keizo

1986-01-01

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was evaluated in three patients with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in chronic stage by comparison with serial X-ray computed tomography (CT). In Case 1 and 3, no pallidal lesions believed to be the most common lesion of the gray matter in CO poisoning were found in the serial X-ray CT scans. In the other case (Case 2), the typical initial bilateral symmetrical low density areas in the globus pallidus were found to have decreased markedly in size and finally disappeared in the latter X-ray CT scan. But MRI using inversion recovery (IR) or spin echo (SE) pulse sequence clearly showed bilateral symmetrical decreased or increased signal intensity areas in the globus pallidus in all three cases. In Case 3, chronic CO poisoning was confirmed by the bilateral symmetrical pallidal lesions on MRI, although differential diagnosis was difficult. Furthermore, in Case 2, with pure alexia, MRI using IR or SE pulse sequence demonstrated a patchy decreased or increased signal intensity area in the subcortical white matter at the left angular gyrus, although X-ray CT scan showed no abnormal findings. MRI is useful in the diagnosis of CO poisoning, especially chronic CO poisoning, because necrosis, cavitation, demyelination, gliosis and so on due to hypoxia of CO poisoning were sensitively detected from changes in the proton density and the T1 or T2 relaxation time value on MRI. (J.P.N.)

Modeling and Theories of Pathophysiology and Physiology of the Basal Ganglia–Thalamic–Cortical System: Critical Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Montgomery Jr., Erwin B.

2016-01-01

Theories impact the movement disorders clinic, not only affecting the development of new therapies but determining how current therapies are used. Models are theories that are procedural rather than declarative. Theories and models are important because, as argued by Kant, one cannot know the thing-in-itself (das Ding an sich) and only a model is knowable. Further, biological variability forces higher level abstraction relevant for all variants. It is that abstraction that is raison d’être of theories and models. Theories “connect the dots” to move from correlation to causation. The necessity of theory makes theories helpful or counterproductive. Theories and models of the pathophysiology and physiology of the basal ganglia–thalamic–cortical system do not spontaneously arise but have a history and consequently are legacies. Over the last 40 years, numerous theories and models of the basal ganglia have been proposed only to be forgotten or dismissed, rarely critiqued. It is not harsh to say that current popular theories positing increased neuronal activities in the Globus Pallidus Interna (GPi), excessive beta oscillations and increased synchronization not only fail to provide an adequate explication but are inconsistent with many observations. It is likely that their shared intellectual and epistemic inheritance plays a factor in their shared failures. These issues are critically examined. How one is to derive theories and models and have hope these will be better is explored as well. PMID:27708569

High kinetic energy plasma jet generation and its injection into the Globus-M spherical tokamak

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Voronin, A.V.; Gusev, V.K.; Petrov, Yu.V.; Sakharov, N.V.; Abramova, K.B.; Sklyarova, E.M.; Tolstyakov, S.Yu.

2005-01-01

Progress in the theoretical and experimental development of the plasma jet source and injection of hydrogen plasma and neutral gas jets into the Globus-M spherical tokamak is discussed. An experimental test bed is described for investigation of intense plasma jets that are generated by a double-stage plasma gun consisting of an intense source for neutral gas production and a conventional pulsed coaxial accelerator. A procedure for optimizing the accelerator parameters so as to achieve the maximum possible flow velocity with a limited discharge current and a reasonable length of the coaxial electrodes is presented. The calculations are compared with experiment. Plasma jet parameters, among them pressure distribution across the jet, flow velocity, plasma density, etc, were measured. Plasma jets with densities of up to 10 22 m -3 , total numbers of accelerated particles (1-5) x 10 19 , and flow velocities of 50-100 km s -1 were successfully injected into the plasma column of the Globus-M tokamak. Interferometric and Thomson scattering measurements confirmed deep jet penetration and a fast density rise ( 19 to 1 x 10 19 ) did not result in plasma degradation

Genome Sequence of Aeribacillus pallidus Strain GS3372, an Endospore-Forming Bacterium Isolated in a Deep Geothermal Reservoir.

Science.gov (United States)

Filippidou, Sevasti; Jaussi, Marion; Junier, Thomas; Wunderlin, Tina; Jeanneret, Nicole; Regenspurg, Simona; Li, Po-E; Lo, Chien-Chi; Johnson, Shannon; McMurry, Kim; Gleasner, Cheryl D; Vuyisich, Momchilo; Chain, Patrick S; Junier, Pilar

2015-08-27

The genome of strain GS3372 is the first publicly available strain of Aeribacillus pallidus. This endospore-forming thermophilic strain was isolated from a deep geothermal reservoir. The availability of this genome can contribute to the clarification of the taxonomy of the closely related Anoxybacillus, Geobacillus, and Aeribacillus genera. Copyright © 2015 Filippidou et al.

Mossbauer and SQUID Characterization of Iron in Human Tissue: Case of Globus Pallidus

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Miglierini, M.; Boca, R.; Kopáni, M.; Lančok, Adriana

2014-01-01

Roč. 126, č. 1 (2014), s. 240-241 ISSN 0587-4246 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP204/10/0035 Institutional support: RVO:61388980 Keywords : FERRITIN Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; The oretical Chemistry Impact factor: 0.530, year: 2014

Concurrent Presentation of Burning Mouth Syndrome and Globus Pharyngis in Enugu, Nigeria: A Ten-year Clinical Evaluation.

Science.gov (United States)

Chukwuneke, Felix; Akpe, James; Okoye, Linda; Ekwueme, Christian; Obiakor, Anthonia; Amobi, Emmanuel; Egbunike, Doris

2014-01-01

To review 22 patients with globus pharyngis among a group of 39 patients who presented with burning mouth syndrome and to highlight the clinical presentation and treatment outcome of these oropharyngeal symptoms, often ignored by practicing oral surgeons. We carried out a retrospective review of 39 patients with burning mouth syndrome seen at oral surgery units of three specialist hospitals in Enugu, Nigeria between 2001 and 2010. The focus was on the 22 of these patients with burning mouth syndrome and globus pharyngis (the persistent sensation of having phlegm, a pill or some other sort of obstruction in the throat when there is none). Relevant information included patients' oral habits and dental status, past medical history, sociodemographic data, onset of symptoms and treatment outcome. Amongst the 22 patients, 8 (36.4%) were males while 14 (63.6%) were females, giving a male to female ratio of 1:1.8. Of the 8 male patients, 3 (37.5%) were retrenched workers, 2 (25%) were drug addicts, 2 (25%) had a history of psychiatric problems and 1 (12.5%) had post-radiation therapy due to diagnosis of adenocystic carcinoma. Amongst the 14 female patients, 6 (42.8%) were divorcees, 3 (21.4%) were unemployed and unmarried, 2 (14.3%) had menopausal problems, 2 (14.3%) had dental prostheses and 1 (7.2%) had a history of mental disorder. Globus pharyngis can present at the same time in some individuals with burning mouth syndrome. The emotional aetiological factor in this unusual ailment calls for proper examinations and a multidisciplinary approach in the management of patients who presented with burning mouth syndrome, especially with a history of depression.

Clinical and neuropathological findings of acute carbon monoxide toxicity in chihuahuas following smoke inhalation.

Science.gov (United States)

Kent, Marc; Creevy, Kate E; Delahunta, Alexander

2010-01-01

Three adult Chihuahuas were presented for evaluation after smoke inhalation during a house fire. All three dogs received supportive care and supplemental oxygen. After initial improvement, the dogs developed seizures. Despite anticonvulsant therapy and supportive care, the dogs died. The brains of two dogs were examined. Lesions were identified that were compatible with acute carbon monoxide (CO) toxicity. Lesions were confined to the caudate nucleus, the globus pallidus, and the substantia nigra bilaterally, as well as the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and dorsal thalamus. This case report describes the clinicopathological sequelae in acute CO toxicity.

Hyperintense basal ganglia lesions on T1-weighted MR images in asymptomatic patients with hepatic dysfunction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saatci, I. [Dept. of Radiology, Hacettepe Univ. Hospital, Ankara (Turkey); Cila, A. [Dept. of Radiology, Hacettepe Univ. Hospital, Ankara (Turkey); Dincer, F.F. [Dept. of Radiology, Hacettepe Univ. Hospital, Ankara (Turkey)

1995-12-31

Cranial MRI findings in four patients who had hepatic dysfunction, including one with sole hepatic form of Wilson`s disease, were reported. The MR examinations revealed bilateral, symmetric hyperintensity in the globus pallidus, subthalamic nuclei and mesencephalon on T1-weighted images with no corresponding abnormality on T2-weighted sequences. The basal ganglia were normal on CT examinations in all patients. None of the patients had the clinical findings of hepatic encephalopathy. The MR findings in our patients did not correlate with the degree or duration of hepatic dysfunction. (orig.)

Basal ganglia calcification on CT in adult patients with Down's syndrome

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ono, Yoshiro; Yoshida, Hironobu; Yoshimasu, Fumio; Higashi, Yuji.

1987-01-01

Fourteen adult cases with Down's syndrome were examined on cranial CT scan, and 5 of them (35.7 %) showed basal ganglia calcification (BGC). The incidence of BGC in the present cases was very high in comparison with the one in general population (0.3 ∼ 1.5 %). Abnormalities of calcium metabolism or dysfunctions of the basal ganglia were absent in each case with BGC. Calcifications were exclusively located in globus pallidus. It is considered that BGC found in the present cases may be due to the premature aging process in Down's syndrome. (author)

Resumen de tesis. Violencia y psicopatía en mujeres internas de un centro penitenciario

OpenAIRE

Rovelo Escoto, Nubia Carolina

2014-01-01

[ES]Este estudio se llevó a cabo con mujeres internas Centro de Readaptación Social Femenil San José el Alto, Querétaro, México, de quienes nos interesaba realizar una evaluación psicológica científica de la conducta violenta, rasgos de psicopatía y reincidencia para dotar de una técnica espacífica al sistema carcelario. Se trata de lograr una lasificación objetiva de las internas y una mejor comprensión de su personalidad, es el primer estudio Clínico/actuarial con internas de CeReSo Fe...

Manual de auditoría interna para Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales

OpenAIRE

Bungacho Lamar, Fredy, Dr.

2010-01-01

La Ley Orgánica de Administración Financiera y Control responsabiliza a cada institución del Estado la implementación y aplicación del Sistema de Control Interno con la finalidad de precautelar los recursos públicos. Este trabajo investigativo sirve como guía para unificar los procedimientos, en la ejecución de las Auditoría de los profesionales que integren la Unidad de auditoría Interna del Instituto de altos Estudios Nacionales. Este Manual de Auditoría Interna, se compone de 6 capí...

Cultura y compromiso afectivo: ¿influyen sobre la transferencia interna del conocimiento?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aurora Irma Máynez Guaderrama

2016-01-01

Full Text Available En la nueva economía el conocimiento se reconoce como un activo estratégico, y su transferencia se destaca como una actividad relevante. Por ello, en este trabajo de investigación se examina la influencia de la cultura or ganizacional y del compromiso afectivo sobre la transferencia interna de conocimiento en la empresa; además, se analiza si la cultura de la organización influye significativamente sobre el compromiso afectivo. P ara ello, se llevó a cabo una investigación transversal en una muestra no probabilística de 342 sujetos que laboran en el sector industrial localizado en la frontera norte de México. El análisis estadístico se realizó a través de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados confirman que la cultura organizacional incide positiva y significativamente sobre la transferencia interna de conocimiento y sobre el compromiso afecti vo. Asimismo, la evidencia empírica apunta que el compromiso afectivo no influye sobre la transferencia interna de conocimiento.

Rastreamento de resultados adversos nas internações do Sistema Único de Saúde

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Monica Aguilar Estevam Dias

2012-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever a frequência de rastreadores de potenciais resultados adversos em internações no Sistema Único de Saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, incluindo as internações de adultos na clínica médica (n = 3.565.811 e clínica cirúrgica (n = 2.614.048 no Brasil em 2007. O Sistema de Informações Hospitalares foi utilizado como fonte de informação. A mensuração dos resultados adversos baseou-se no rastreamento de 11 condições clínicas, definidas em estudos internacionais anteriores, registradas no campo diagnóstico secundário. Foram realizadas análises bivariada e multivariada, no intuito de associar resultado adverso, óbito (variável dependente e outras variáveis como idade, utilização de unidade de terapia intensiva e realização de cirurgia. RESULTADOS: A frequência obtida foi 3,6 potenciais resultados adversos por 1.000 internações para ambas as clínicas, superior na clínica médica (5,3 por 1.000 em relação à clínica cirúrgica (1,3 por 1.000. Houve diferenças no perfil das internações: na clínica médica predominaram idosos, maior tempo médio de permanência, maior taxa de mortalidade e menor custo total de internação. O rastreador de resultado adverso mais frequente foi pneumonia hospitalar. Choque/parada cardíaca apresentou maior risco de óbito (OR = 5,76 em relação aos demais resultados adversos. Os maiores gastos com internações estiveram relacionados à sepse hospitalar. Os rastreadores de potencial resultado adverso apresentaram altas chances de óbito, mesmo com a introdução de variáveis como uso de terapia intensiva e realização de cirurgia. CONCLUSÕES: A alta frequência de resultados adversos em internações indica a necessidade de desenvolver estratégias de monitoramento e melhorias dirigidas para a segurança do paciente.

Production and properties of two novel exopolysaccharides synthesized by a thermophilic bacterium Aeribacillus pallidus 418.

Science.gov (United States)

Radchenkova, Nadja; Vassilev, Spasen; Panchev, Ivan; Anzelmo, Gianluca; Tomova, Iva; Nicolaus, Barbara; Kuncheva, Margarita; Petrov, Kaloyan; Kambourova, Margarita

2013-09-01

Synthesis of innovative exocellular polysaccharides (EPSs) was reported for few thermophilic microorganisms as one of the mechanisms for surviving at high temperature. Thermophilic aerobic spore-forming bacteria able to produce exopolysaccharides were isolated from hydrothermal springs in Bulgaria. They were referred to four species, such as Aeribacillus pallidus, Geobacillus toebii, Brevibacillus thermoruber, and Anoxybacillus kestanbolensis. The highest production was established for the strain 418, whose phylogenetic and phenotypic properties referred it to the species A. pallidus. Maltose and NH4Cl were observed to be correspondingly the best carbon and nitrogen sources and production yield was increased more than twofold in the process of culture condition optimization. After purification of the polymer fraction, a presence of two different EPSs, electroneutral EPS 1 and negatively charged EPS 2, in a relative weight ratio 3:2.2 was established. They were heteropolysaccharides consisting of unusual high variety of sugars (six for EPS 1 and seven for EPS 2). Six of the sugars were common for both EPSs. The main sugar in EPS 1 was mannose (69.3 %); smaller quantities of glucose (11.2 %), galactosamine (6.3 %), glucosamine (5.4 %), galactose (4.7 %), and ribose (2.9 %) were also identified. The main sugar in EPS 2 was also mannose (33.9 %), followed by galactose (17.9 %), glucose (15.5 %), galactosamine (11.7 %), glucosamine (8.1 %), ribose (5.3 %), and arabinose (4.9 %). Both polymers showed high molecular weight and high thermostability.

Cortical stimulation evokes abnormal responses in the dopamine-depleted rat basal ganglia.

Science.gov (United States)

Kita, Hitoshi; Kita, Takako

2011-07-13

The motor cortex (MC) sends massive projections to the basal ganglia. Motor disabilities in patients and animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) may be caused by dopamine (DA)-depleted basal ganglia that abnormally process the information originating from MC. To study how DA depletion alters signal transfer in the basal ganglia, MC stimulation-induced (MC-induced) unitary responses were recorded from the basal ganglia of control and 6-hydroxydopamine-treated hemi-parkinsonian rats anesthetized with isoflurane. This report describes new findings about how DA depletion alters MC-induced responses. MC stimulation evokes an excitation in normally quiescent striatal (Str) neurons projecting to the globus pallidus external segment (GPe). After DA-depletion, the spontaneous firing of Str-GPe neurons increases, and MC stimulation evokes a shorter latency excitation followed by a long-lasting inhibition that was invisible under normal conditions. The increased firing activity and the newly exposed long inhibition generate tonic inhibition and a disfacilitation in GPe. The disfacilitation in GPe is then amplified in basal ganglia circuitry and generates a powerful long inhibition in the basal ganglia output nucleus, the globus pallidus internal segment. Intra-Str injections of a behaviorally effective dose of DA precursor l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine effectively reversed these changes. These newly observed mechanisms also support the generation of pauses and burst activity commonly observed in the basal ganglia of parkinsonian subjects. These results suggest that the generation of abnormal response sequences in the basal ganglia contributes to the development of motor disabilities in PD and that intra-Str DA supplements effectively suppress abnormal signal transfer.

Significance of apparent diffusion coefficient measurement for the differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Parkinson's disease: evaluation by 3.0-T MR imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsukamoto, Kazumichi; Kanasaki, Yoshiko; Kakite, Suguru; Fujii, Shinya; Kaminou, Toshio; Ogawa, Toshihide; Matsusue, Eiji

2012-01-01

The clinical differentiation of Parkinson's disease (PD) from multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) may be challenging, especially in their early stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement to distinguish among these degenerative disorders. Twenty-five MSA, 20 PSP, and 17 PD patients and 18 healthy controls were retrospectively studied. Axial diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted images were obtained using a 3-T MR system. Regions of interest (ROIs) were precisely placed in the midbrain, pons, putamen, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, thalamus, superior cerebellar peduncle, middle cerebellar peduncle, cerebellar white matter, and cerebellar dentate nucleus, and the regional ADC (rADC) value was calculated in each ROI. In MSA, rADC values in the pons, middle cerebellar peduncle, cerebellar white matter, and cerebellar dentate nucleus were significantly higher than in PSP, PD, and controls. Furthermore, rADC values in the posterior putamen were significantly higher in MSA than in PSP and controls. In PSP, rADC values were significantly higher in the globus pallidus and midbrain than in MSA, PD, and controls. Furthermore, rADC values in the caudate nucleus and superior cerebellar peduncle were significantly higher in PSP than in MSA and controls. In PD, there were no significant differences in the rADC values compared to in MSA, PSP, and controls in all regions. Evaluation of rADC values in characteristic lesions in MSA, PSP, and PD by placing ROIs using 3-T systems can provide useful additional information for differentiating these disorders. (orig.)

[Case report: kleptomania and other psychiatric symptoms after carbon monoxide intoxication].

Science.gov (United States)

Gürlek Yüksel, Ebru; Taşkin, E Oryal; Yilmaz Ovali, Gülgün; Karaçam, Melek; Esen Danaci, Ayşen

2007-01-01

Carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication is usually a serious condition, which can result in neurological disturbances or death. In some patients with CO intoxication, but not usually, a biphasic pattern can be seen. In this condition, after antitoxic treatment, patients may completely recover and after a short recovery period, neurological and/or psychiatric symptoms appear again. This condition is known as delayed encephalopathy and its occurrence rate is between 0.06% and 11.8%. Herein, we report a case with delayed encephalopathy after CO intoxication, which began with neurological symptoms and continued with obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, kleptomania, and psychotic disorder. The 41-year-old female patient had no psychiatric or neurological symptoms or disorders prior to CO intoxication. Increased signal intensity changes in the basal region of the left temporal lobe (including the cortex and subcortical white matter), globus pallidus (bilateral), and cerebellar cortical and subcortical white matter (bilaterally symmetrical) was detected on axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, there were atrophic changes in both cerebellar hemispheres. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of kleptomania described after CO intoxication in the literature. We discuss the organic etiology of kleptomania and the other psychiatric symptoms of this patient in the light of recent research. We concluded that the kleptomania seen in this patient was related to concurrent lesions in the temporal lobe and globus pallidus; in other words, her kleptomania may have been related to dysfunction simultaneously seen in both the temporolimbic and frontal-subcortical circuits.

[18F]fallypride characterization of striatal and extrastriatal D2/3 receptors in Parkinson's disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Stark, Adam J; Smith, Christopher T; Petersen, Kalen J; Trujillo, Paula; van Wouwe, Nelleke C; Donahue, Manus J; Kessler, Robert M; Deutch, Ariel Y; Zald, David H; Claassen, Daniel O

2018-01-01

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by widespread degeneration of monoaminergic (especially dopaminergic) networks, manifesting with a number of both motor and non-motor symptoms. Regional alterations to dopamine D 2/3 receptors in PD patients are documented in striatal and some extrastriatal areas, and medications that target D 2/3 receptors can improve motor and non-motor symptoms. However, data regarding the combined pattern of D 2/3 receptor binding in both striatal and extrastriatal regions in PD are limited. We studied 35 PD patients off-medication and 31 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) using PET imaging with [ 18 F]fallypride, a high affinity D 2/3 receptor ligand, to measure striatal and extrastriatal D 2/3 nondisplaceable binding potential (BP ND ). PD patients completed PET imaging in the off medication state, and motor severity was concurrently assessed. Voxel-wise evaluation between groups revealed significant BP ND reductions in PD patients in striatal and several extrastriatal regions, including the locus coeruleus and mesotemporal cortex. A region-of-interest (ROI) based approach quantified differences in dopamine D 2/3 receptors, where reduced BP ND was noted in the globus pallidus, caudate, amygdala, hippocampus, ventral midbrain, and thalamus of PD patients relative to HC subjects. Motor severity positively correlated with D 2/3 receptor density in the putamen and globus pallidus. These findings support the hypothesis that abnormal D 2/3 expression occurs in regions related to both the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD, including areas richly invested with noradrenergic neurons.

Videofluoroscopy of the pharynx and esophagus in patients with globus pharyngis. Comparison with static radiography; Die radiologische Abklaerung des Globus pharyngis. Vergleich der diagnostischen Wertigkeit von konventionellem Roentgen mit der Videokinematographie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schober, E. [Abt. Roentgen fuer Konservative Faecher, Universitaetsklinik fuer Radiodiagnostik, Wien (Austria); Schima, W. [Abt. Roentgen fuer Konservative Faecher, Universitaetsklinik fuer Radiodiagnostik, Wien (Austria); Pokieser, P. [Abt. Roentgen fuer Chirurgische Faecher, Universitaetsklinik fuer Radiodiagnostik, Wien (Austria)

1995-10-01

The symptom is associated with a multitude of pharyngoesophageal abnormalities. Our study compares the diagnostic yield of videofluoroscopy to that of static radiography in patients suffering from globus pharnygis. A total of 150 consecutive patients complaining of a lump in the throat, but without evidence of dysphagia, were studied in a standardized fashion with both methods. Videofluoroscopy combined with static radiography revealed morphological or functional abnormalities in 75% of our patients. The combination of the two methods yielded significantly more abnormalities in the pharynx and esophagus than videofluoroscopy or static radiography alone. Esophageal motor disorders, pharyngoesophageal sphincter dysfunction and pharyngeal residue of contrast material proved to be the most common abnormalities. In conclusion, videofluoroscopy combined with static radiography is mandatory in the radiological assessment of patients suffering from the globus sensation. (orig.) [Deutsch] Unsere Studie vergleicht die diagnostische Wertigkeit des konventionellen Roentgens mit jener der Videokineamtographie von Pharynx und Oesophagus bei der Abklaerung des Globusgefuehls. Wir haben 150 konsekutive Patienten mit Globusgefuehl, jedoch ohne Dysphagie mit beiden Methoden nach einem standardisierten Protokoll untersucht. Mittels der Kombination von konventionellem Roentgen mit der Videokinematographie fanden sich bei 75% der Patienten pathologische Veraenderungen. Durch die Kombination beider Methoden konnten signifikant mehr morphologische und funktionelle Stoerungen des Pharynx sowie Oesophagus aufgezeigt werden, als mit der alleinigen konventionellen Technik oder der alleinigen Videokinematographie. Die haeufigsten pathologischen Veraenderungen in unserem Kollektiv waren Oesophagusmotilitaetsstoerungen, eine Dyskinesie des pharyngooesophagealen Sphinkters sowie eine abnorme pharyngeale Kontrastmittelretention. Unsere Ergebnisse belegen eindeutig, dass die radiologische

MRI of the brain in chronic carbon monoxide poisoning

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Uchino, A. (Dept. of Radiology, Kyushu Univ. Hospital, Fukuoka (Japan)); Hasuo, K. (Dept. of Radiology, Kyushu Univ. Hospital, Fukuoka (Japan)); Shida, K. (Dept. of Neurology, Omuta Rosai Hospital (Japan)); Matsumoto, S. (Dept. of Radiology, Kyushu Univ. Hospital, Fukuoka (Japan)); Yasumori, K. (Dept. of Radiology, Kyushu Univ. Hospital, Fukuoka (Japan)); Masuda, K. (Dept. of Radiology, Kyushu Univ. Hospital, Fukuoka (Japan))

1994-07-01

We examined 13 patients with CO poisoning by MRI; all of them had been in an explosion in a coal mine 25 years previously. Symmetrical globus pallidus lesions were observed in 12, as was degeneration of the white matter, with focal cortical atrophy. The temporal parietal and occipital lobes were usually affected, the parietooccipital region being the most frequently and extensively damaged. Of the 12 patients with white matter degeneration 7 had definitely asymmetrical cortical and subcortical lesions. There were 6 patients with dilated temporal horns, probably due to atrophy of the hippocampal gyri. (orig./MG)

Cerebral glucose metabolism in Parkinson's disease

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Martin, W R.W.; Beckman, J H; Calne, D B; Adam, M J; Harrop, R; Rogers, J G; Ruth, T J; Sayre, C I; Pate, B D [British Columbia Univ., Vancouver (Canada). TRIUMF Facility

1984-02-01

Local cerebral glucose utilization was measured in patients with predominantly unilateral Parkinson's disease using sup(18)F-2-fluoro-deoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. Preliminary results indicate the presence of asymmetric metabolic rates in the inferior basal ganglia. The structure comprising the largest portion of basal ganglia at this level is globus pallidus. These findings are consistent with metabolic studies on animals with unilateral nigrostriatal lesions in which pallidal hypermetabolism on the lesioned side has been demonstrated. Increased pallidal activity is likely secondary to a loss of inhibitory dopaminergic input to the striatum from substantia nigra.

Cerebral glucose metabolism in Parkinson's disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martin, W.R.W.; Beckman, J.H.; Calne, D.B.; Adam, M.J.; Harrop, R.; Rogers, J.G.; Ruth, T.J.; Sayre, C.I.; Pate, B.D.

1984-01-01

Local cerebral glucose utilization was measured in patients with predominantly unilateral Parkinson's disease using sup(18)F-2-fluoro-deoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. Preliminary results indicate the presence of asymmetric metabolic rates in the inferior basal ganglia. The structure comprising the largest portion of basal ganglia at this level is globus pallidus. These findings are consistent with metabolic studies on animals with unilateral nigrostriatal lesions in which pallidal hypermetabolism on the lesioned side has been demonstrated. Increased pallidal activity is likely secondary to a loss of inhibitory dopaminergic input to the striatum from substantia nigra

MRI of the brain in chronic carbon monoxide poisoning

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uchino, A.; Hasuo, K.; Shida, K.; Matsumoto, S.; Yasumori, K.; Masuda, K.

1994-01-01

We examined 13 patients with CO poisoning by MRI; all of them had been in an explosion in a coal mine 25 years previously. Symmetrical globus pallidus lesions were observed in 12, as was degeneration of the white matter, with focal cortical atrophy. The temporal parietal and occipital lobes were usually affected, the parietooccipital region being the most frequently and extensively damaged. Of the 12 patients with white matter degeneration 7 had definitely asymmetrical cortical and subcortical lesions. There were 6 patients with dilated temporal horns, probably due to atrophy of the hippocampal gyri. (orig./MG)

The development of the region of basal nuclei in fetus using MRI of high field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Geng Hequn; Zhang Zhonghe; Liu Shuwei

2010-01-01

Objective: To study the developmental process of the region of basal nuclei of postmortem fetuses by 3.0 T and 7.0 T MRI. Methods: One hundred and thirty-one postmortem fetuses of 14 to 40 weeks of gestational age (GA) were scanned by 3.0 T MR, of which 11 fetuses of 14-27 weeks of GA were chosen and scanned by 7.0 T MR. The time when the structures in the region of basal nuclei could be detected and the changes of MR signal intensity were analyzed for MRI of different Tesla. Results: On 3.0 T MRI, the dorsal thalamus could be delineated as early as 14 weeks of GA. The germinal matrix, caudate nucleus, and putamen could be visualized as early as 15 weeks of GA. The globus pallidus could be described as early as 18 weeks of GA, and the internal capsule and external capsule could be shown as early as 20 weeks of GA. The signal of the caudate nucleus during 15-30 weeks of GA was relatively hypointense on T 1 WI and hyperintense on T 2 WI, but during 31-40 weeks of GA, it was relatively hyperintense on T 1 WI and hypointense on T 2 WI. The putamen had a relatively high signal intensity on T 1 WI and low signal intensity on T 2 WI during 15-17 weeks of GA, and it appeared patchy during 18-25 weeks of GA, then it had a relatively low signal intensity on T 1 WI and high signal intensity on T 2 WI during 26-30 weeks of GA, and during 31-40 weeks of GA, its signal intensity was relatively high on T 1 WI and low on T 2 WI. The globus pallidus had a relatively high signal intensity on T 1 WI and low signal intensity on T 2 WI during 20- 40 weeks of GA. Compared to the 3.0 T MRI, the T 2 images of 7.0 T MRI were more clear, and most structures in the region of basal nuclei could be clearly displayed as early as 16 weeks of GA, such as the germinal matrix, caudate nucleus, dorsal thalamus, putamen, globus pallidus, internal capsule, and extemal capsule. The claustrum could be delineated as early as 18 weeks of GA on 7.0 T MRI. Conclusions: 3.0 T MRI could show the development

A auditoria interna em instituições do ensino superior: o caso do Ensino Público Politécnico

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Saraiva, Elsa Cristina de Sá Martins

2010-01-01

Sumário A prática regular de Auditoria interna e externa na Administração Pública é, cada vez mais, uma realidade para avaliar a correcta aplicação dos recursos públicos. A Auditoria Interna tem sido impulsionada, uma vez que se reconhece produzir valor acrescentado, ajudando a gestão, até no que diz respeito a questões de combate à corrupção. Pelo simples facto de existir, a actividade de Auditoria Interna é dissuasora da potencial prática de actos fraudulentos. Assim, t...

La dimensión expresiva del habla interna

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Pablo Fossa

Full Text Available Resumen Este texto constituye una propuesta teórica sobre la dimensión expresiva del habla interna. Se describe el fenómeno de interés enfatizando la propuesta de Karl Bühler respecto a la expresividad del lenguaje, los estudios de Heinz Werner sobre una dimensión fisionómica-organísmica del lenguaje humano y la aproximación teórico-empírico de Lev Vygotsky respecto al fenómeno del habla interior en la experiencia humana. Se concluye que en algunos pasajes de la obra de Vygotsky están las claves para una comprensión del habla interna expresiva, específicamente en la influencia de la esfera afectivo-volitiva en el desarrollo del pensamiento y de la palabra. Finalmente, se propone una integración de la concepción monológica vygotskyana del lenguaje interior, la noción werneriana del lenguaje fisionómico-organísmico y la propuesta bühleriana de la dimensión expresiva del lenguaje humano, para una comprensión integradora de la expresividad del lenguaje interior.

Diet, digestion, and food preferences of Galapagos land iguanas. [Conolophus pallidus

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Christian, K.A.; Tracy, C.R.; Porter, W.P.

1984-01-01

The choice of food types and the length of time food passed through the gastrointestinal tract were determined in free-ranging Conolophus pallidus on Isla Santa Fe, Galapogos throughout the year. Natural foods were analyzed for energy, percent cellulose, percent nitrogen, and calcium as indices of the quality of food. Foods of highest quality were found to be among the preferred foods, but not all preferred foods were of high quality with respect to the nutrients measured. Passage time of food through the gastrointestinal tract, digestive efficiency, and digestion of cellulose were determined on captive Conolophus subcristatus. Ability to digest cellulose and digestive efficiency varied among five caged iguanas. Intra- and interspecific variabilities in digestive capacities result from variability in ecological factors, and interspecific variability among iguanines probably reflects differences in colic anatomy and the ability to absorb nutrients from the hindgut. 23 references, 4 tables.

Cognitive and Psychiatric Effects of STN versus GPi Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

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Jia-Wei Wang

Full Text Available Deep brain stimulation (DBS of either the subthalamic nucleus (STN or the globus pallidus interna (GPi can reduce motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD and improve their quality of life. However, the effects of STN DBS and GPi DBS on cognitive functions and their psychiatric effects remain controversial. The present meta-analysis was therefore performed to clarify these issues.We searched the PUBMED, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Other sources, including internet-based clinical trial registries and grey literature sources, were also searched. After searching the literature, two investigators independently performed literature screens to assess the quality of the included trials and to extract the data. The outcomes included the effects of STN DBS and GPi DBS on multiple cognitive domains, depression, anxiety, and quality of life.Seven articles related to four randomized controlled trials that included 521 participants were incorporated into the present meta-analysis. Compared with GPi DBS, STN DBS was associated with declines in selected cognitive domains after surgery, including attention, working memory and processing speed, phonemic fluency, learning and memory, and global cognition. However, there were no significant differences in terms of quality of life or psychiatric effects, such as depression and anxiety, between the two groups.A selective decline in frontal-subcortical cognitive functions is observed after STN DBS in comparison with GPi DBS, which should not be ignored in the target selection for DBS treatment in PD patients. In addition, compared to GPi DBS, STN DBS does not affect depression, anxiety, and quality of life.

Cognitive and Psychiatric Effects of STN versus GPi Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

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Wang, Jia-Wei; Zhang, Yu-Qing; Zhang, Xiao-Hua; Wang, Yun-Peng; Li, Ji-Ping; Li, Yong-Jie

2016-01-01

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of either the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the globus pallidus interna (GPi) can reduce motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and improve their quality of life. However, the effects of STN DBS and GPi DBS on cognitive functions and their psychiatric effects remain controversial. The present meta-analysis was therefore performed to clarify these issues. We searched the PUBMED, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Other sources, including internet-based clinical trial registries and grey literature sources, were also searched. After searching the literature, two investigators independently performed literature screens to assess the quality of the included trials and to extract the data. The outcomes included the effects of STN DBS and GPi DBS on multiple cognitive domains, depression, anxiety, and quality of life. Seven articles related to four randomized controlled trials that included 521 participants were incorporated into the present meta-analysis. Compared with GPi DBS, STN DBS was associated with declines in selected cognitive domains after surgery, including attention, working memory and processing speed, phonemic fluency, learning and memory, and global cognition. However, there were no significant differences in terms of quality of life or psychiatric effects, such as depression and anxiety, between the two groups. A selective decline in frontal-subcortical cognitive functions is observed after STN DBS in comparison with GPi DBS, which should not be ignored in the target selection for DBS treatment in PD patients. In addition, compared to GPi DBS, STN DBS does not affect depression, anxiety, and quality of life.

Model-based rational feedback controller design for closed-loop deep brain stimulation of Parkinson's disease

Science.gov (United States)

Gorzelic, P.; Schiff, S. J.; Sinha, A.

2013-04-01

Objective. To explore the use of classical feedback control methods to achieve an improved deep brain stimulation (DBS) algorithm for application to Parkinson's disease (PD). Approach. A computational model of PD dynamics was employed to develop model-based rational feedback controller design. The restoration of thalamocortical relay capabilities to patients suffering from PD is formulated as a feedback control problem with the DBS waveform serving as the control input. Two high-level control strategies are tested: one that is driven by an online estimate of thalamic reliability, and another that acts to eliminate substantial decreases in the inhibition from the globus pallidus interna (GPi) to the thalamus. Control laws inspired by traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) methodology are prescribed for each strategy and simulated on this computational model of the basal ganglia network. Main Results. For control based upon thalamic reliability, a strategy of frequency proportional control with proportional bias delivered the optimal control achieved for a given energy expenditure. In comparison, control based upon synaptic inhibitory output from the GPi performed very well in comparison with those of reliability-based control, with considerable further reduction in energy expenditure relative to that of open-loop DBS. The best controller performance was amplitude proportional with derivative control and integral bias, which is full PID control. We demonstrated how optimizing the three components of PID control is feasible in this setting, although the complexity of these optimization functions argues for adaptive methods in implementation. Significance. Our findings point to the potential value of model-based rational design of feedback controllers for Parkinson's disease.

Neural code alterations and abnormal time patterns in Parkinson’s disease

Science.gov (United States)

Andres, Daniela Sabrina; Cerquetti, Daniel; Merello, Marcelo

2015-04-01

Objective. The neural code used by the basal ganglia is a current question in neuroscience, relevant for the understanding of the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. While a rate code is known to participate in the communication between the basal ganglia and the motor thalamus/cortex, different lines of evidence have also favored the presence of complex time patterns in the discharge of the basal ganglia. To gain insight into the way the basal ganglia code information, we studied the activity of the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi), an output node of the circuit. Approach. We implemented the 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinsonism in Sprague-Dawley rats, and recorded the spontaneous discharge of single GPi neurons, in head-restrained conditions at full alertness. Analyzing the temporal structure function, we looked for characteristic scales in the neuronal discharge of the GPi. Main results. At a low-scale, we observed the presence of dynamic processes, which allow the transmission of time patterns. Conversely, at a middle-scale, stochastic processes force the use of a rate code. Regarding the time patterns transmitted, we measured the word length and found that it is increased in Parkinson’s disease. Furthermore, it showed a positive correlation with the frequency of discharge, indicating that an exacerbation of this abnormal time pattern length can be expected, as the dopamine depletion progresses. Significance. We conclude that a rate code and a time pattern code can co-exist in the basal ganglia at different temporal scales. However, their normal balance is progressively altered and replaced by pathological time patterns in Parkinson’s disease.

Supersensitivity of GABAergic systems induced within rat substantia nigra and globus pallidus by haloperidol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frey, J.J.M.

1986-01-01

The supersensitivity was demonstrated by an increase in the responsiveness of individual neurons within these brain regions to microiontophoretically-applied GABA and by an up regulation of GABA binding sites. Rates received haloperidol for 30 days in their feed and were then withdrawn from treatment for 48 hrs. 3 H-GABA binding was found to be significantly elevated with the SN R (55%) and GP (42%). Scatchard analysis of 3 H-muscimol binding isotherms indicated that the number (B max ) of high affinity binding sites within the GP was significantly increased (32%); within the SN R , significant increases were detected in the B max of both high (23%) and low (58%) affinity 3 H-muscimol binding sites. After CHAL treatment, signs of dopaminergic supersensitivity within the basal ganglia were also observed. Spontaneous locomotor activity and apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior were increased and specific 3 H-spiroperidol binding was elevated within the striatum (60%) and GP (236%)

Efficient digital implementation of a conductance-based globus pallidus neuron and the dynamics analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Shuangming; Wei, Xile; Deng, Bin; Liu, Chen; Li, Huiyan; Wang, Jiang

2018-03-01

Balance between biological plausibility of dynamical activities and computational efficiency is one of challenging problems in computational neuroscience and neural system engineering. This paper proposes a set of efficient methods for the hardware realization of the conductance-based neuron model with relevant dynamics, targeting reproducing the biological behaviors with low-cost implementation on digital programmable platform, which can be applied in wide range of conductance-based neuron models. Modified GP neuron models for efficient hardware implementation are presented to reproduce reliable pallidal dynamics, which decode the information of basal ganglia and regulate the movement disorder related voluntary activities. Implementation results on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) demonstrate that the proposed techniques and models can reduce the resource cost significantly and reproduce the biological dynamics accurately. Besides, the biological behaviors with weak network coupling are explored on the proposed platform, and theoretical analysis is also made for the investigation of biological characteristics of the structured pallidal oscillator and network. The implementation techniques provide an essential step towards the large-scale neural network to explore the dynamical mechanisms in real time. Furthermore, the proposed methodology enables the FPGA-based system a powerful platform for the investigation on neurodegenerative diseases and real-time control of bio-inspired neuro-robotics.

Draft Genome Sequence of Aeribacillus pallidus Strain 8m3, a Thermophilic Hydrocarbon-Oxidizing Bacterium Isolated from the Dagang Oil Field (China)

OpenAIRE

Poltaraus, Andrey B.; Sokolova, Diyana S.; Grouzdev, Denis S.; Ivanov, Timophey M.; Malakho, Sophia G.; Korshunova, Alena V.; Rozanov, Aleksey S.; Tourova, Tatiyana P.; Nazina, Tamara N.

2016-01-01

The draft genome sequence of Aeribacillus pallidus strain 8m3, a thermophilic aerobic oil-oxidizing bacterium isolated from production water from the Dagang high-temperature oil field, China, is presented here. The genome is annotated to provide insights into the genomic and phenotypic diversity of the genus Aeribacillus.

A multilevel approach to examining cephalopod growth using Octopus pallidus as a model.

Science.gov (United States)

Semmens, Jayson; Doubleday, Zoë; Hoyle, Kate; Pecl, Gretta

2011-08-15

Many aspects of octopus growth dynamics are poorly understood, particularly in relation to sub-adult or adult growth, muscle fibre dynamics and repro-somatic investment. The growth of 5 month old Octopus pallidus cultured in the laboratory was investigated under three temperature regimes over a 12 week period: seasonally increasing temperatures (14-18°C); seasonally decreasing temperatures (18-14°C); and a constant temperature mid-way between seasonal peaks (16°C). Differences in somatic growth at the whole-animal level, muscle tissue structure and rate of gonad development were investigated. Continuous exponential growth was observed, both at a group and at an individual level, and there was no detectable effect of temperature on whole-animal growth rate. Juvenile growth rate (from 1 to 156 days) was also monitored prior to the controlled experiment; exponential growth was observed, but at a significantly faster rate than in the older experimental animals, suggesting that O. pallidus exhibit a double-exponential two-phase growth pattern. There was considerable variability in size-at-age even between individuals growing under identical thermal regimes. Animals exposed to seasonally decreasing temperatures exhibited a higher rate of gonad development compared with animals exposed to increasing temperatures; however, this did not coincide with a detectable decline in somatic growth rate or mantle condition. The ongoing production of new mitochondria-poor and mitochondria-rich muscle fibres (hyperplasia) was observed, indicated by a decreased or stable mean muscle fibre diameter concurrent with an increase in whole-body size. Animals from both seasonal temperature regimes demonstrated higher rates of new mitochondria-rich fibre generation relative to those from the constant temperature regime, but this difference was not reflected in a difference in growth rate at the whole-body level. This is the first study to record ongoing hyperplasia in the muscle tissue of an

Fortalezas internas y externas de adolescentes que no consumen alcohol

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Mydori Harumi Téllez Vásquez

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes mexicanos es un problema de salud pública, que requiere enfocar los esfuerzos de investigación en la prevención. Este estudio se basa en el modelo de fortalezas de Benson (2007, quien plantea que los jóvenes poseen recursos individuales y contextuales que promueven un desarrollo positivo y limitan el involucramiento en conductas de riesgo. Objetivo: analizar las diferencias en fortalezas internas y externas entre estudiantes de secundaria que presentan diferentes niveles de consumo de alcohol. Metodo: participaron 990 estudiantes de secundarias públicas de la Ciudad de México, 52.1% mujeres y 47.9% hombres, de una media de edad de 13.6 años. Se evaluaron siete fortalezas internas y siete externas. Resultados: 53.9% de los participantes nunca ha usado alcohol, 28.3% sí lo ha consumido pero nunca o sólo una vez ha abusado, y 17.8% reportó haber abusado del consumo en el último mes. Hombres y mujeres que no han usado alcohol reportaron puntajes significativamente más altos en fortalezas internas. En el caso de las fortalezas externas, los jóvenes sin consumo fueron los que obtuvieron puntajes más altos, excepto en amigos saludables (tanto hombres como mujeres, y en apoyo y supervisión del padre (hombres. Conclusiones: los resultados contribuyen a la explicación del consumo de alcohol en jóvenes y proporcionan elementos para el diseño de intervenciones, pues señalan las fortalezas que deben promoverse para evitar que los jóvenes consuman alcohol a edades tempranas.

Síndrome do andar superior da cápsula interna. Hemiplegia sensitivo-motora capsular

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A. Borges Fortes

1944-03-01

Full Text Available Desde Türck (1859 os autores têm se preocupado com a passagem de fibras sensitivas pela cápsula interna. Muitas escolas neurológicas têm estudado a questão não só sob o ponto de vista clínico mas também anatômico e experimental. O autor passa em revista a opinião dos autores franceses (Charcot, Dejerine, Roussy, Long, etc. baseados na anátomo-clínica; dos ingleses com base na experimentação (Horsley, Beevor, Grünbaum, Sherrington, Oppenheim; suíços (Monakow e americanos (Grinker sobre as desordens sensitivas nas lesões da cápsula interna. O autor apresenta dois casos anátomo-clínicos de hemiplegia com perturbações sensitivas devidas a lesões da cápsula interna comprovadas anatomicamente. O tálamo estava indene em ambos os casos. A cápsula interna é um diedro formado pelo encontro de dois planos: o segmento anterior e o segmento posterior. Pela parte mais alta (andar superior do segmento posterior passam as fibras que saem do tálamo em busca da cortiça parietal (fibras tálamo-parietais, as que descem ao pedúnculo cerebral (fibras piramidais e as que ficam entre o núcleo lenticular e o tálamo (fibras extra-piramidais. No andar inferior do mesmo segmento passam somente as fibras piramidais. O autor estuda do ponto de vista anátomo-clínico a síndrome talâmica de Dejerine e Roussy, os estados talâmicos (Austregesilo e Colares e a hemiplegia capsular puramente motora. Mostra a inexistência de alterações sensitivas nas hemiplegias devidas à lesão do andar inferior da cápsula interna posterior. Estuda a síndrome do andar superior da cápsula interna posterior ou hemiplegia sensitivo-motora capsular. Documenta dois casos de hemiplegia sensitivo-motora com o estudo anatômico no qual se viu a lesão do andar superior do braço posterior da cápsula interna e integridade do tálamo. Salienta as diferenças existentes entre a mão talâmica e a capsular e chama a atenção para a contratura em flexão com

External pallidal stimulation improves parkinsonian motor signs and modulates neuronal activity throughout the basal ganglia thalamic network.

Science.gov (United States)

Vitek, Jerrold L; Zhang, Jianyu; Hashimoto, Takao; Russo, Gary S; Baker, Kenneth B

2012-01-01

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) are effective for the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). We have shown previously that DBS of the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) is associated with improvements in parkinsonian motor signs; however, the mechanism of this effect is not known. In this study, we extend our findings on the effect of STN and GPi DBS on neuronal activity in the basal ganglia thalamic network to include GPe DBS using the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1.2.3.6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) monkey model. Stimulation parameters that improved bradykinesia were associated with changes in the pattern and mean discharge rate of neuronal activity in the GPi, STN, and the pallidal [ventralis lateralis pars oralis (VLo) and ventralis anterior (VA)] and cerebellar [ventralis lateralis posterior pars oralis (VPLo)] receiving areas of the motor thalamus. Population post-stimulation time histograms revealed a complex pattern of stimulation-related inhibition and excitation for the GPi and VA/VLo, with a more consistent pattern of inhibition in STN and excitation in VPLo. Mean discharge rate was reduced in the GPi and STN and increased in the VPLo. Effective GPe DBS also reduced bursting in the STN and GPi. These data support the hypothesis that therapeutic DBS activates output from the stimulated structure and changes the temporal pattern of neuronal activity throughout the basal ganglia thalamic network and provide further support for GPe as a potential therapeutic target for DBS in the treatment of PD. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Harsh corporal punishment is associated with increased T2 relaxation time in dopamine-rich regions.

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Sheu, Yi-Shin; Polcari, Ann; Anderson, Carl M; Teicher, Martin H

2010-11-01

Harsh corporal punishment (HCP) was defined as frequent parental administration of corporal punishment (CP) for discipline, with occasional use of objects such as straps, or paddles. CP is linked to increased risk for depression and substance abuse. We examine whether long-term exposure to HCP acts as sub-traumatic stressor that contributes to brain alterations, particularly in dopaminergic pathways, which may mediate their increased vulnerability to drug and alcohol abuse. Nineteen young adults who experienced early HCP but no other forms of maltreatment and twenty-three comparable controls were studied. T2 relaxation time (T2-RT) measurements were performed with an echo planar imaging TE stepping technique and T2 maps were calculated and analyzed voxel-by-voxel to locate regional T2-RT differences between groups. Previous studies indicated that T2-RT provides an indirect index of resting cerebral blood volume. Region of interest (ROI) analyses were also conducted in caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, thalamus, globus pallidus and cerebellar hemispheres. Voxel-based relaxometry showed that HCP was associated with increased T2-RT in right caudate and putamen. ROI analyses also revealed increased T2-RT in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, substantia nigra, thalamus and accumbens but not globus pallidus or cerebellum. There were significant associations between T2-RT measures in dopamine target regions and use of drugs and alcohol, and memory performance. Alteration in the paramagnetic or hemodynamic properties of dopaminergic cell body and projection regions were observed in subjects with HCP, and these findings may relate to their increased risk for drug and alcohol abuse. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Inter regional correlations of glucose metabolism between the basal ganglia and different cortical areas: an ultra-high resolution PET/MRI fusion study using {sup 18}F-FDG

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Kim, J.H. [Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong (Korea, Republic of); Son, Y.D.; Kim, H.K.; Oh, C.H., E-mail: ohch@korea.ac.kr [College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, (Korea, Republic of); Kim, J.M. [College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Y.B. [Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon (Korea, Republic of); Lee, C. [Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju (Korea, Republic of)

2018-02-01

Basal ganglia have complex functional connections with the cerebral cortex and are involved in motor control, executive functions of the forebrain, such as the planning of movement, and cognitive behaviors based on their connections. The aim of this study was to provide detailed functional correlation patterns between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex by conducting an inter regional correlation analysis of the {sup 18}F-fluorodeoxyglucose ({sup 18}F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) data based on precise structural information. Fifteen participants were scanned with 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high resolution research tomography (HRRT)-PET fusion system using {sup 18}F-FDG. For detailed inter regional correlation analysis, 24 subregions of the basal ganglia including pre-commissural dorsal caudate, post-commissural caudate, pre-commissural dorsal putamen, post-commissural putamen, internal globus pallidus, and external globus pallidus and 80 cerebral regions were selected as regions of interest on the MRI image and their glucose metabolism were calculated from the PET images. Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis was conducted for the inter regional correlation analysis of the basal ganglia. Functional correlation patterns between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex were not only consistent with the findings of previous studies, but also showed new functional correlation between the dorsal striatum (i.e., caudate nucleus and putamen) and insula. In this study, we established the detailed basal ganglia subregional functional correlation patterns using {sup 18}F-FDG PET/MRI fusion imaging. Our methods and results could potentially be an important resource for investigating basal ganglia dysfunction as well as for conducting functional studies in the context of movement and psychiatric disorders. (author)

Abnormal brain activation and connectivity to standardized disorder-related visual scenes in social anxiety disorder.

Science.gov (United States)

Heitmann, Carina Yvonne; Feldker, Katharina; Neumeister, Paula; Zepp, Britta Maria; Peterburs, Jutta; Zwitserlood, Pienie; Straube, Thomas

2016-04-01

Our understanding of altered emotional processing in social anxiety disorder (SAD) is hampered by a heterogeneity of findings, which is probably due to the vastly different methods and materials used so far. This is why the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated immediate disorder-related threat processing in 30 SAD patients and 30 healthy controls (HC) with a novel, standardized set of highly ecologically valid, disorder-related complex visual scenes. SAD patients rated disorder-related as compared with neutral scenes as more unpleasant, arousing and anxiety-inducing than HC. On the neural level, disorder-related as compared with neutral scenes evoked differential responses in SAD patients in a widespread emotion processing network including (para-)limbic structures (e.g. amygdala, insula, thalamus, globus pallidus) and cortical regions (e.g. dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and precuneus). Functional connectivity analysis yielded an altered interplay between PCC/precuneus and paralimbic (insula) as well as cortical regions (dmPFC, precuneus) in SAD patients, which emphasizes a central role for PCC/precuneus in disorder-related scene processing. Hyperconnectivity of globus pallidus with amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) additionally underlines the relevance of this region in socially anxious threat processing. Our findings stress the importance of specific disorder-related stimuli for the investigation of altered emotion processing in SAD. Disorder-related threat processing in SAD reveals anomalies at multiple stages of emotion processing which may be linked to increased anxiety and to dysfunctionally elevated levels of self-referential processing reported in previous studies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

MR contrast of ferritin and hemosiderin in the brain: comparison among gradient-echo, conventional spin-echo and fast spin-echo sequences

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haque, Tabassum Laz; Miki, Yukio; Kanagaki, Mitsunori; Takahashi, Takahiro; Yamamoto, Akira; Konishi, Junya; Nozaki, Kazuhiko; Hashimoto, Nobuo; Konishi, Junji

2003-12-01

Objective: To compare the magnetic resonance image contrasts due to ferritin and hemosiderin in the brain tissue among different pulse sequences. Materials and methods: Fourteen patients with cavernous hemangioma in the brain prospectively underwent MR imaging with T2*-weighted gradient-echo (GRE), T2-weighted conventional spin-echo (SE) and fast spin-echo (FSE) sequences. The relative contrast ratios (CRs) of the hypointense part of cavernous hemangioma, globus pallidus and putamen to the deep frontal white matter were measured on each pulse sequence and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance followed by paired t-test. Results: In the hypointense part of cavernous hemangioma, relative CRs were significantly lower on T2*-weighted GRE than on T2-weighted SE images (P=0.0001), and on T2-weighted SE than on T2-weighted FSE images (P=0.0001). In the globus pallidus, relative CRs were significantly lower on T2-weighted SE than on T2*-weighted GRE images (P=0.002), and on T2*-weighted GRE than on T2-weighted FSE images (P=0.0002). In the putamen, relative CRs were significantly lower on T2-weighted SE than on T2*-weighted GRE images (P=0.001), and there was no significant difference between CRs on T2-weighted FSE and T2*-weighted GRE images (P=0.90). Conclusion: Hemosiderin showed best image contrast on T2*-weighted GRE images but ferritin showed more prominent image contrast on T2-weighted SE than on T2*-weighted GRE images, which may help to determine an appropriate pulse sequence in neurological diseases associated with excessive ferritin accumulation.

MR contrast of ferritin and hemosiderin in the brain: comparison among gradient-echo, conventional spin-echo and fast spin-echo sequences

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haque, Tabassum Laz; Miki, Yukio; Kanagaki, Mitsunori; Takahashi, Takahiro; Yamamoto, Akira; Konishi, Junya; Nozaki, Kazuhiko; Hashimoto, Nobuo; Konishi, Junji

2003-01-01

Objective: To compare the magnetic resonance image contrasts due to ferritin and hemosiderin in the brain tissue among different pulse sequences. Materials and methods: Fourteen patients with cavernous hemangioma in the brain prospectively underwent MR imaging with T2*-weighted gradient-echo (GRE), T2-weighted conventional spin-echo (SE) and fast spin-echo (FSE) sequences. The relative contrast ratios (CRs) of the hypointense part of cavernous hemangioma, globus pallidus and putamen to the deep frontal white matter were measured on each pulse sequence and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance followed by paired t-test. Results: In the hypointense part of cavernous hemangioma, relative CRs were significantly lower on T2*-weighted GRE than on T2-weighted SE images (P=0.0001), and on T2-weighted SE than on T2-weighted FSE images (P=0.0001). In the globus pallidus, relative CRs were significantly lower on T2-weighted SE than on T2*-weighted GRE images (P=0.002), and on T2*-weighted GRE than on T2-weighted FSE images (P=0.0002). In the putamen, relative CRs were significantly lower on T2-weighted SE than on T2*-weighted GRE images (P=0.001), and there was no significant difference between CRs on T2-weighted FSE and T2*-weighted GRE images (P=0.90). Conclusion: Hemosiderin showed best image contrast on T2*-weighted GRE images but ferritin showed more prominent image contrast on T2-weighted SE than on T2*-weighted GRE images, which may help to determine an appropriate pulse sequence in neurological diseases associated with excessive ferritin accumulation

Inter regional correlations of glucose metabolism between the basal ganglia and different cortical areas: an ultra-high resolution PET/MRI fusion study using 18F-FDG

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, J.H.; Son, Y.D.; Kim, H.K.; Oh, C.H.; Kim, J.M.; Kim, Y.B.; Lee, C.

2018-01-01

Basal ganglia have complex functional connections with the cerebral cortex and are involved in motor control, executive functions of the forebrain, such as the planning of movement, and cognitive behaviors based on their connections. The aim of this study was to provide detailed functional correlation patterns between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex by conducting an inter regional correlation analysis of the 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) data based on precise structural information. Fifteen participants were scanned with 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high resolution research tomography (HRRT)-PET fusion system using 18 F-FDG. For detailed inter regional correlation analysis, 24 subregions of the basal ganglia including pre-commissural dorsal caudate, post-commissural caudate, pre-commissural dorsal putamen, post-commissural putamen, internal globus pallidus, and external globus pallidus and 80 cerebral regions were selected as regions of interest on the MRI image and their glucose metabolism were calculated from the PET images. Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis was conducted for the inter regional correlation analysis of the basal ganglia. Functional correlation patterns between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex were not only consistent with the findings of previous studies, but also showed new functional correlation between the dorsal striatum (i.e., caudate nucleus and putamen) and insula. In this study, we established the detailed basal ganglia subregional functional correlation patterns using 18 F-FDG PET/MRI fusion imaging. Our methods and results could potentially be an important resource for investigating basal ganglia dysfunction as well as for conducting functional studies in the context of movement and psychiatric disorders. (author)

Multi-modal and targeted imaging improves automated mid-brain segmentation

Science.gov (United States)

Plassard, Andrew J.; D'Haese, Pierre F.; Pallavaram, Srivatsan; Newton, Allen T.; Claassen, Daniel O.; Dawant, Benoit M.; Landman, Bennett A.

2017-02-01

The basal ganglia and limbic system, particularly the thalamus, putamen, internal and external globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and sub-thalamic nucleus, comprise a clinically relevant signal network for Parkinson's disease. In order to manually trace these structures, a combination of high-resolution and specialized sequences at 7T are used, but it is not feasible to scan clinical patients in those scanners. Targeted imaging sequences at 3T such as F-GATIR, and other optimized inversion recovery sequences, have been presented which enhance contrast in a select group of these structures. In this work, we show that a series of atlases generated at 7T can be used to accurately segment these structures at 3T using a combination of standard and optimized imaging sequences, though no one approach provided the best result across all structures. In the thalamus and putamen, a median Dice coefficient over 0.88 and a mean surface distance less than 1.0mm was achieved using a combination of T1 and an optimized inversion recovery imaging sequences. In the internal and external globus pallidus a Dice over 0.75 and a mean surface distance less than 1.2mm was achieved using a combination of T1 and FGATIR imaging sequences. In the substantia nigra and sub-thalamic nucleus a Dice coefficient of over 0.6 and a mean surface distance of less than 1.0mm was achieved using the optimized inversion recovery imaging sequence. On average, using T1 and optimized inversion recovery together produced significantly improved segmentation results than any individual modality (p<0.05 wilcox sign-rank test).

Draft Genome Sequence of Aeribacillus pallidus Strain 8m3, a Thermophilic Hydrocarbon-Oxidizing Bacterium Isolated from the Dagang Oil Field (China).

Science.gov (United States)

Poltaraus, Andrey B; Sokolova, Diyana S; Grouzdev, Denis S; Ivanov, Timophey M; Malakho, Sophia G; Korshunova, Alena V; Rozanov, Aleksey S; Tourova, Tatiyana P; Nazina, Tamara N

2016-06-09

The draft genome sequence of Aeribacillus pallidus strain 8m3, a thermophilic aerobic oil-oxidizing bacterium isolated from production water from the Dagang high-temperature oil field, China, is presented here. The genome is annotated to provide insights into the genomic and phenotypic diversity of the genus Aeribacillus. Copyright © 2016 Poltaraus et al.

[Cerebral MRT in neurofibromatosis: gliosis versus neoplasia?].

Science.gov (United States)

Mautner, V F; Pressler, M; Fünsterer, C; Schneider, E

1989-08-01

15 patients aged 1-39 years with documented neurofibromatosis had MR examinations of the cerebrum within the scope of a basic diagnosis and therapy programme. Clinical examination did not lead to pathologic findings for 7 of the patients; 3 patients suffered from general developmental disabilities. A neurologico-psychiatric examination showed pathological findings in 5 patients. Signal-intense foci in proton density and T2-weighted MR images were found in the globus pallidus, thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum and midbrain. In 2 patients, these foci could be found as well in T1-weighted images. Differentiation between gliosis areas and low grade astrocytomas was not possible in MR.

Hallervorden Spatz syndrome: magnetic resonance findings. Case report; Sindrome de Hallervorden Spatz: achados na ressonancia magnetica. Relato de caso

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Farage, Luciano; Castro, Mario Augusto Padula; Macedo, Tulio Augusto Alves [Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, MG (Brazil). Hospital de Clinicas. Setor de Radiologia; Assis, Marcelo Cardoso de [Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, MG (Brazil). Faculdade de Medicina. Dept. de Cirurgia; Souza, Lincoln Pereira de; Freitas, Luiz Oliveira de [Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, MG (Brazil). Dept. de Clinica Medica

2004-09-01

Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome is a neuro degenerative disease, autosomic recessive with two clinical features: early and late onset. Psychiatric, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs are present in the late subtype. We report the case of a 41-old woman with extrapyramidal signs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the eye-of-the-tiger sign in the medial globus pallidus. This is due to a gliosis (increased signal) and accumulation of surrounding iron (decreased signal intensity) in long T R sequences. There is a strong relationship between MRI findings and the gene mutation responsible for this disease. It makes the MRI sensible for diagnosing this syndrome. (author)

[Right extremities pain caused by a malacia lesion in the left putamen:a resting functional magnetic resonance imaging of the marginal division of the human brain].

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Zhi-Ye; Ma, Lin

2014-04-01

To explore the role of marginal division of the human brain in the pain modulation. Resting functional magnetic resonance imaging was applied in a patient with right extremities pain caused by a malacia lesion in the left putamen and in 8 healthy volunteers. Marginal division was defined using manual drawing on structure images, and was applied to the computation of fuctional connectivity maps. The functional connectivities in the left marginal division showed an evident decrease in the patient when compared with healthy controls. These connectivities were mainly located in the bilateral head of caudate nucleus, putamen, and left globus pallidus. The marginal division may be involved in the pain modulation.

Fast micrographia: An unusual but distinctive sign

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Umaiorubahan Meenakshisundaram

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Fast micrographia is a rare clinical sign, which is reported in patients with pallidal pathology. A 68-year-old male presented with hypophonia and short shuffling gait with decreased arm swing. About 3 weeks before, he had an acute myocardial infarction and a period of hemodynamic and respiratory distress during which he required mechanical ventilatory support. He was found to have a fast handwriting with micrographia from the outset. His rapid alternating hand and finger movements were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI of the brain showed features of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy including hyperintensities on T1 and T2 weighted images in the globus pallidus, and putamen bilaterally.

Hallervorden Spatz syndrome: magnetic resonance findings. Case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Farage, Luciano; Castro, Mario Augusto Padula; Macedo, Tulio Augusto Alves; Assis, Marcelo Cardoso de; Souza, Lincoln Pereira de; Freitas, Luiz Oliveira de

2004-01-01

Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome is a neuro degenerative disease, autosomic recessive with two clinical features: early and late onset. Psychiatric, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs are present in the late subtype. We report the case of a 41-old woman with extrapyramidal signs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the eye-of-the-tiger sign in the medial globus pallidus. This is due to a gliosis (increased signal) and accumulation of surrounding iron (decreased signal intensity) in long T R sequences. There is a strong relationship between MRI findings and the gene mutation responsible for this disease. It makes the MRI sensible for diagnosing this syndrome. (author)

Características sociodemográficas e clínicas das internações psiquiátricas de mulheres com depressão

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Richardson Miranda Machado

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Estudo retrospectivo e exploratório, realizado com objetivos de identificar e analisar características sociodemográficas e clínicas de internações psiquiátricas de mulheres acometidas por depressão. O estudo foi realizado a partir do Sistema de Internações Hospitalares de um serviço especializado. A amostra foi constituída por 24.161 pacientes admitidos; 1.160 tiveram diagnóstico de depressão (4,8%, com predominância do sexo feminino (761-65,6%, faixa etária de 41 a 50 anos (194-25,4%, procedentes para internação de diferentes serviços de saúde (273-35,8%, com tempo de internação de 60 dias (311-40,8%, altas médicas (687-90,2%, uma internação hospitalar (661-86,8% e internações pagas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (633-83,2%. Os aspectos biológicos (hormonais, culturais (papel da mulher na sociedade, automedicação, diagnóstico tardio e coocorrência com outras doenças foram os principais fatores relacionados ao acometimento por depressão pelas mulheres e internação. Tais aspectos devem direcionar uma melhor abordagem do cuidado e promoção da saúde mental.

Continuous cultivation of a thermophilic bacterium Aeribacillus pallidus 418 for production of an exopolysaccharide applicable in cosmetic creams.

Science.gov (United States)

Radchenkova, N; Panchev, I; Vassilev, S; Kuncheva, M; Dobreva, S; Kambourova, M

2015-11-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous cultivation approach for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by a thermophilic micro-organism and the potential of the synthesized EPS for application in cosmetic industry. Study on the ability of Aeribacillus pallidus 418, isolated as a good EPS producer, to synthesize the polymer in continuous cultures showed higher production in comparison with batch cultures. The degree of the EPS in the precipitate after continuous cultivation significantly increased. Non-Newtonian pseudoplastic and thixotropic behaviour of EPS determines the ability of the received cream to become more fluid after increasing time of application on the skin. This study demonstrates a highly efficient way for production of EPS from a continuous growth culture of A. pallidus 418 that have many advantages and can outperform batch culture by eliminating time for cleaning and sterilization of the vessel and the comparatively long lag phases before the organisms enter a brief period of high productivity. The valuable physico-chemical properties of the synthesized EPS influenced positively the properties of a commercial cream. EPSs from thermophilic micro-organisms are of special interest due to the advantages of the thermophilic processes and nonpathogenic nature of the polymer molecules. However, their industrial application is hindered by the comparatively low biomass and correspondingly EPS yield. Suggested continuous approach for EPS could have an enormous economic potential for an industrial scale production of thermophilic EPSs. © 2015 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Rationes implícitas y sensaciones internas en las Meditationes de Prima Philosophia

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Mauricio Otaíza

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Descartes afirma que el cogito se “experimenta en uno” (apud se experiatur o se “siente en uno mismo” (“il sent in lui-même”, pero también ha señalado que uno no siente sino a través del cuerpo. El problema es que, en las Meditaciones, el cogito fue caracterizado cuando todavía no se había demostrado la existencia del cuerpo. Pese a esto, Descartes parece haberse dejado influir por ciertas sen- saciones internas de duda y certeza. En el trabajo se sostiene que esto fue posible porque esas sensaciones internas son efecto de una ratio implícita: la existencia de un Dios no engañador.

As diferenças entre comunicação interna e endomarketing

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Carolina Girotto Ochoa

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Atualmente, a comunicação empresarial é algo imprescindível no mundo dos negócios. Em busca de crescimento e melhores resultados, as empresas sempre investiram na comunicação destinada aos clientes, o público externo. Porém, há algum tempo, percebeu-se a necessidade de conquistar o público interno, basicamente composto por empregados e familiares, para que os bons resultados e qualidade de produtos e serviços sejam mantidos. As empresas passaram a investir em ações de comunicação interna e de endomarketing para estreitar relacionamento e motivar os empregados, com o objetivo de obter os resultados esperados. Muitos profissionais costumam, erroneamente, conceituar comunicação interna e endomarketing como sinônimos. Este artigo tem por objetivo diferenciá-los.

El desarrollo laboral sustentable y su relación con la migración interna en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jesús Sergio Sánchez Rodríguez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available en este trabajo se estudió la interacción entre la mi - gración interestatal y el desarrollo laboral sustentable en México del año 2000 al 2010, de acuerdo con la visión de Amartya Sen. Este desarrollo se midió con el índice de competitividad social, y la interacción con la migración interna se evaluó con un modelo de ecuaciones simultá - neas. Los resultados confirmaron que a mayor desarrollo laboral sustentable, el grado de inmigración fue más y vi - ceversa. Por otro lado, no se encontró relación alguna entre la emigración interna y el desarrollo laboral sustentable. Al desagregar el índice de competitividad social, se encontró una relación causal mutua entre el índice de la ausencia de pobreza salarial y la inmigración interna, así como una relación causa-efecto positiva entre ausencia de pobreza salarial sobre la emigración interna, la cual no se da en el otro sentido.

Correlation between Relaxometry and Diffusion Tensor Imaging in the Globus Pallidus of Huntington's Disease Patients

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Syka, Michael; Keller, J.; Klempíř, J.; Rulseh, A. M.; Roth, J.; Jech, R.; Voříšek, Ivan; Vymazal, J.

2015-01-01

Roč. 10, č. 3 (2015), e0118907 E-ISSN 1932-6203 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP303/11/2378 Institutional support: RVO:68378041 Keywords : basal ganglia * gray-matter * human brain Subject RIV: FH - Neurology Impact factor: 3.057, year: 2015

Auditorias internas como fonte de informa??o para o conhecimento organizacional: estudo de caso em uma IFES

OpenAIRE

Santos, Ludinaura Regina Souza dos

2012-01-01

O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi o de analisar como os processos de auditoria interna v?m se transformando em fonte de informa??o para o conhecimento organizacional em uma IFES. O marco te?rico foi estruturado em quatro partes: (1) discuss?o sobre conhecimento organizacional, (2) teoria da cria??o do conhecimento organizacional, (3) o controle da administra??o p?blica no Brasil e (4) auditorias internas governamentais. Quanto ? caracteriza??o da pesquisa, apresentou um aspec...

Uncommon Applications of Deep Brain Stimulation in Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders

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Kara M. Smith

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Background: In addition to the established indications of tremor and dystonia, deep brain stimulation (DBS has been utilized less commonly for several hyperkinetic movement disorders, including medication-refractory myoclonus, ballism, chorea, and Gilles de la Tourette (GTS and tardive syndromes. Given the lack of adequate controlled trials, it is difficult to translate published reports into clinical use. We summarize the literature, draw conclusions regarding efficacy when possible, and highlight concerns and areas for future study.Methods: A Pubmed search was performed for English-language articles between January 1980 and June 2014. Studies were selected if they focused primarily on DBS to treat the conditions of focus. Results: We identified 49 cases of DBS for myoclonus-dystonia, 21 for Huntington's disease, 15 for choreacanthocytosis, 129 for GTS, and 73 for tardive syndromes. Bilateral globus pallidus interna (GPi DBS was the most frequently utilized procedure for all conditions except GTS, in which medial thalamic DBS was more common. While the majority of cases demonstrate some improvement, there are also reports of no improvement or even worsening of symptoms in each condition. The few studies including functional or quality of life outcomes suggest benefit. A limited number of studies included blinded on/off testing. There have been two double-blind controlled trials performed in GTS and a single prospective double-blind, uncontrolled trial in tardive syndromes. Patient characteristics, surgical target, stimulation parameters, and duration of follow-up varied among studies.Discussion: Despite these extensive limitations, the literature overall supports the efficacy of DBS in these conditions, in particular GTS and tardive syndromes. For other conditions, the preliminary evidence from small studies is promising and encourages further study.

Poluentes do ar e internações devido a doenças cardiovasculares em São José do Rio Preto, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kátia Cristina Cota Mantovani

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar os efeitos de poluentes ambientais sobre o número de internações por doenças cardiovasculares. Foi um estudo ecológico com dados de internações hospitalares de residentes em São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brasil, com diagnóstico nas categorias de I-00 a I-99, entre 01/10/11 e 30/09/12. Os poluentes analisados foram partículas finas (PM2,5, ozônio, monóxido de carbono, óxido de nitrogênio e dióxido de nitrogênio. Foram estimados pelo modelo CCATT-BRAMS. O uso do modelo aditivo de regressão de Poisson foi utilizado para estimar associação entre a exposição ao PM2,5 e internação por doença cardiovascular. Foram calculados os excessos de internação e os gastos por estas doenças. Observou-se que a exposição ao PM2,5 no quinto dia após a exposição (lag 5 foi significativo para internação e aumentou em 15 ppts segundo incremento de 10µg /m3 na concentração de PM2,5. Foram identificadas 650 internações evitáveis com custos da ordem de R$ 1,9 milhão. Desse modo, foi possível identificar associação entre exposição ao PM2,5 e internações devido a doenças cardiovasculares em cidades de médio porte como São José do Rio Preto fornecendo subsídios aos gestores municipal e regional de Saúde.

The cranial MRI in severe cerebral palsy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamada, Kazutaka; Itoh, Masahiro; Fueki, Noboru; Hirasawa, Kyoko; Suzuki, Noriko; Kurata, Kiyoko; Sato, Junichi; Morimatsu, Yoshio; Yagishita, Akira.

1993-01-01

The magnetic resonance examination was performed in 38 patients with severe cerebral palsy (CP; 15 males and 23 females) who had both motor delay (unable to move anywhere) and mental retardation (I.Q. or D.Q. below 30). Neuroimaging findings were compared with the CP type, etiology, and grade of understanding of language. Cranial magnetic resonance imagings (MRI) in CP were divided into five types. In type 1, nine predominantly showed cyst-liked ventricles and periventricular hyperintensity on T 2 -weighted imaging (PVH) and only scarred basal ganglia and thalamus were visible. All suffered from neonatal asphyxia and the clinical type was rigospastic tetraplegia (RST). In type 2, eleven predominantly showed PVH and hyperintensity on T 2 -weighted (HT2) in basal ganglia and thalamus. All suffered from neonatal asphyxia and the clinical type was RST or rigospastic diplegia. In type 3, five showed PVH and three had cortical atrophy. All suffered from neonatal asphyxia and the clinical type was spastic diplegia. In type 4, four predominantly showed HT2 in putamen and thalamus. Three had cortical atrophy. All suffered from neonatal asphyxia. The clinical type was athetotic CP (ATH). In type 5, nine predominantly showed HT2 in globus pallidus. Four had cortical atrophy and two had hippocampal atrophy. All suffered from neonatal jaundice and the clinical type was ATH. All patients who suffered from neonatal asphyxia and spastic CP had MRI in PVH. All patients who suffered from neonatal asphyxia and ATH showed HT2 in putamen and thalamus. Almost patients who suffered from neonatal jaundice and ATH showed HT2 in globus pallidus. With athetotic CP, cases with atrophy of the cerebral cortex and/or hippocampus were lower grade of understanding of language than no atrophy of both. The results of studies of MRI are in agreement with neuropathological findings. (author)

The cranial MRI in severe cerebral palsy; A comparative study with clinical data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamada, Kazutaka; Itoh, Masahiro; Fueki, Noboru; Hirasawa, Kyoko; Suzuki, Noriko; Kurata, Kiyoko (Metropolitan Medical Center of the Severely Handicapped, Tokyo (Japan)); Sato, Junichi; Morimatsu, Yoshio; Yagishita, Akira

1993-09-01

The magnetic resonance examination was performed in 38 patients with severe cerebral palsy (CP; 15 males and 23 females) who had both motor delay (unable to move anywhere) and mental retardation (I.Q. or D.Q. below 30). Neuroimaging findings were compared with the CP type, etiology, and grade of understanding of language. Cranial magnetic resonance imagings (MRI) in CP were divided into five types. In type 1, nine predominantly showed cyst-liked ventricles and periventricular hyperintensity on T[sub 2]-weighted imaging (PVH) and only scarred basal ganglia and thalamus were visible. All suffered from neonatal asphyxia and the clinical type was rigospastic tetraplegia (RST). In type 2, eleven predominantly showed PVH and hyperintensity on T[sub 2]-weighted (HT2) in basal ganglia and thalamus. All suffered from neonatal asphyxia and the clinical type was RST or rigospastic diplegia. In type 3, five showed PVH and three had cortical atrophy. All suffered from neonatal asphyxia and the clinical type was spastic diplegia. In type 4, four predominantly showed HT2 in putamen and thalamus. Three had cortical atrophy. All suffered from neonatal asphyxia. The clinical type was athetotic CP (ATH). In type 5, nine predominantly showed HT2 in globus pallidus. Four had cortical atrophy and two had hippocampal atrophy. All suffered from neonatal jaundice and the clinical type was ATH. All patients who suffered from neonatal asphyxia and spastic CP had MRI in PVH. All patients who suffered from neonatal asphyxia and ATH showed HT2 in putamen and thalamus. Almost patients who suffered from neonatal jaundice and ATH showed HT2 in globus pallidus. With athetotic CP, cases with atrophy of the cerebral cortex and/or hippocampus were lower grade of understanding of language than no atrophy of both. The results of studies of MRI are in agreement with neuropathological findings. (author).

Temporal changes of CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the basal ganglia as a possible structure-specific plasticity process in 6-OHDA lesioned rats.

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Gabriela P Chaves-Kirsten

Full Text Available The endocannabinoid system has been implicated in several neurobiological processes, including neurodegeneration, neuroprotection and neuronal plasticity. The CB1 cannabinoid receptors are abundantly expressed in the basal ganglia, the circuitry that is mostly affected in Parkinson's Disease (PD. Some studies show variation of CB1 expression in basal ganglia in different animal models of PD, however the results are quite controversial, due to the differences in the procedures employed to induce the parkinsonism and the periods analyzed after the lesion. The present study evaluated the CB1 expression in four basal ganglia structures, namely striatum, external globus pallidus (EGP, internal globus pallidus (IGP and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr of rats 1, 5, 10, 20, and 60 days after unilateral intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine injections, that causes retrograde dopaminergic degeneration. We also investigated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, parvalbumin, calbindin and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD expression to verify the status of dopaminergic and GABAergic systems. We observed a structure-specific modulation of CB1 expression at different periods after lesions. In general, there were no changes in the striatum, decreased CB1 in IGP and SNpr and increased CB1 in EGP, but this increase was not sustained over time. No changes in GAD and parvalbumin expression were observed in basal ganglia, whereas TH levels were decreased and the calbindin increased in striatum in short periods after lesion. We believe that the structure-specific variation of CB1 in basal ganglia in the 6-hydroxydopamine PD model could be related to a compensatory process involving the GABAergic transmission, which is impaired due to the lack of dopamine. Our data, therefore, suggest that the changes of CB1 and calbindin expression may represent a plasticity process in this PD model.

Quantitative comparison between a multiecho sequence and a single-echo sequence for susceptibility-weighted phase imaging.

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Gilbert, Guillaume; Savard, Geneviève; Bard, Céline; Beaudoin, Gilles

2012-06-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the benefits arising from the use of a multiecho sequence for susceptibility-weighted phase imaging using a quantitative comparison with a standard single-echo acquisition. Four healthy adult volunteers were imaged on a clinical 3-T system using a protocol comprising two different three-dimensional susceptibility-weighted gradient-echo sequences: a standard single-echo sequence and a multiecho sequence. Both sequences were repeated twice in order to evaluate the local noise contribution by a subtraction of the two acquisitions. For the multiecho sequence, the phase information from each echo was independently unwrapped, and the background field contribution was removed using either homodyne filtering or the projection onto dipole fields method. The phase information from all echoes was then combined using a weighted linear regression. R2 maps were also calculated from the multiecho acquisitions. The noise standard deviation in the reconstructed phase images was evaluated for six manually segmented regions of interest (frontal white matter, posterior white matter, globus pallidus, putamen, caudate nucleus and lateral ventricle). The use of the multiecho sequence for susceptibility-weighted phase imaging led to a reduction of the noise standard deviation for all subjects and all regions of interest investigated in comparison to the reference single-echo acquisition. On average, the noise reduction ranged from 18.4% for the globus pallidus to 47.9% for the lateral ventricle. In addition, the amount of noise reduction was found to be strongly inversely correlated to the estimated R2 value (R=-0.92). In conclusion, the use of a multiecho sequence is an effective way to decrease the noise contribution in susceptibility-weighted phase images, while preserving both contrast and acquisition time. The proposed approach additionally permits the calculation of R2 maps. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The relative phases of basal ganglia activities dynamically shape effective connectivity in Parkinson's disease.

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Cagnan, Hayriye; Duff, Eugene Paul; Brown, Peter

2015-06-01

Optimal phase alignment between oscillatory neural circuits is hypothesized to optimize information flow and enhance system performance. This theory is known as communication-through-coherence. The basal ganglia motor circuit exhibits exaggerated oscillatory and coherent activity patterns in Parkinson's disease. Such activity patterns are linked to compromised motor system performance as evinced by bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor, suggesting that network function might actually deteriorate once a certain level of net synchrony is exceeded in the motor circuit. Here, we characterize the processes underscoring excessive synchronization and its termination. To this end, we analysed local field potential recordings from the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus of five patients with Parkinson's disease (four male and one female, aged 37-64 years). We observed that certain phase alignments between subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus amplified local neural synchrony in the beta frequency band while others either suppressed it or did not induce any significant change with respect to surrogates. The increase in local beta synchrony directly correlated with how long the two nuclei locked to beta-amplifying phase alignments. Crucially, administration of the dopamine prodrug, levodopa, reduced the frequency and duration of periods during which subthalamic and pallidal populations were phase-locked to beta-amplifying alignments. Conversely ON dopamine, the total duration over which subthalamic and pallidal populations were aligned to phases that left beta-amplitude unchanged with respect to surrogates increased. Thus dopaminergic input shifted circuit dynamics from persistent periods of locking to amplifying phase alignments, associated with compromised motoric function, to more dynamic phase alignment and improved motoric function. This effect of dopamine on local circuit resonance suggests means by which novel electrical interventions might prevent resonance

Gadolinium Deposition in Human Brain Tissues after Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging in Adult Patients without Intracranial Abnormalities.

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McDonald, Robert J; McDonald, Jennifer S; Kallmes, David F; Jentoft, Mark E; Paolini, Michael A; Murray, David L; Williamson, Eric E; Eckel, Laurence J

2017-11-01

Purpose To determine whether gadolinium deposits in neural tissues of patients with intracranial abnormalities following intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) exposure might be related to blood-brain barrier integrity by studying adult patients with normal brain pathologic characteristics. Materials and Methods After obtaining antemortem consent and institutional review board approval, the authors compared postmortem neuronal tissue samples from five patients who had undergone four to 18 gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) examinations between 2005 and 2014 (contrast group) with samples from 10 gadolinium-naive patients who had undergone at least one MR examination during their lifetime (control group). All patients in the contrast group had received gadodiamide. Neuronal tissues from the dentate nuclei, pons, globus pallidus, and thalamus were harvested and analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and light microscopy to quantify, localize, and assess the effects of gadolinium deposition. Results Tissues from the four neuroanatomic regions of gadodiamide-exposed patients contained 0.1-19.4 μg of gadolinium per gram of tissue in a statistically significant dose-dependent relationship (globus pallidus: ρ = 0.90, P = .04). In contradistinction, patients in the control group had undetectable levels of gadolinium with ICP-MS. All patients had normal brain pathologic characteristics at autopsy. Three patients in the contrast group had borderline renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate the contrast group was localized to the capillary endothelium and neuronal interstitium and, in two cases, within the nucleus of the cell. Conclusion Gadolinium deposition in neural tissues after GBCA administration occurs in the absence of intracranial abnormalities that might affect the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. These findings

Efficacy and Safety of Deep Brain Stimulation in Tourette Syndrome: The International Tourette Syndrome Deep Brain Stimulation Public Database and Registry.

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Martinez-Ramirez, Daniel; Jimenez-Shahed, Joohi; Leckman, James Frederick; Porta, Mauro; Servello, Domenico; Meng, Fan-Gang; Kuhn, Jens; Huys, Daniel; Baldermann, Juan Carlos; Foltynie, Thomas; Hariz, Marwan I; Joyce, Eileen M; Zrinzo, Ludvic; Kefalopoulou, Zinovia; Silburn, Peter; Coyne, Terry; Mogilner, Alon Y; Pourfar, Michael H; Khandhar, Suketu M; Auyeung, Man; Ostrem, Jill Louise; Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle; Welter, Marie-Laure; Mallet, Luc; Karachi, Carine; Houeto, Jean Luc; Klassen, Bryan Timothy; Ackermans, Linda; Kaido, Takanobu; Temel, Yasin; Gross, Robert E; Walker, Harrison C; Lozano, Andres M; Walter, Benjamin L; Mari, Zoltan; Anderson, William S; Changizi, Barbara Kelly; Moro, Elena; Zauber, Sarah Elizabeth; Schrock, Lauren E; Zhang, Jian-Guo; Hu, Wei; Rizer, Kyle; Monari, Erin H; Foote, Kelly D; Malaty, Irene A; Deeb, Wissam; Gunduz, Aysegul; Okun, Michael S

2018-03-01

Collective evidence has strongly suggested that deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising therapy for Tourette syndrome. To assess the efficacy and safety of DBS in a multinational cohort of patients with Tourette syndrome. The prospective International Deep Brain Stimulation Database and Registry included 185 patients with medically refractory Tourette syndrome who underwent DBS implantation from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016, at 31 institutions in 10 countries worldwide. Patients with medically refractory symptoms received DBS implantation in the centromedian thalamic region (93 of 163 [57.1%]), the anterior globus pallidus internus (41 of 163 [25.2%]), the posterior globus pallidus internus (25 of 163 [15.3%]), and the anterior limb of the internal capsule (4 of 163 [2.5%]). Scores on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale and adverse events. The International Deep Brain Stimulation Database and Registry enrolled 185 patients (of 171 with available data, 37 females and 134 males; mean [SD] age at surgery, 29.1 [10.8] years [range, 13-58 years]). Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder were present in 97 of 151 patients (64.2%) and 32 of 148 (21.6%) had a history of self-injurious behavior. The mean (SD) total Yale Global Tic Severity Scale score improved from 75.01 (18.36) at baseline to 41.19 (20.00) at 1 year after DBS implantation (P tic subscore improved from 21.00 (3.72) at baseline to 12.91 (5.78) after 1 year (P tic subscore improved from 16.82 (6.56) at baseline to 9.63 (6.99) at 1 year (P Tourette syndrome but also with important adverse events. A publicly available website on outcomes of DBS in patients with Tourette syndrome has been provided.

The histamine system in human brain. Changes in neurological and psychiatric disorders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goodchild, R.E.

1999-09-01

Autoradiographical examination of the distribution of H 1 - and H 3 - histamine receptor subtypes, using [ 3 H]-mepyramine and [ 3 H]-R-(α) methylhistamine respectively, found high H 1 -receptor binding densities in neocortex, dentate gyrus and basolateral amygdala, with low binding in all subdivisions of the thalamus and other subcortical areas. H 3 -receptor binding was enriched within the nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus and substantia nigra, whilst was low in the hippocampus, subthalamic nucleus, temporal cortex, motor and somatosensory thalamic areas and basolateral amygdala. In situ hybridisation found H 2 -receptor mRNA located in the striatum, thalamus, hippocampal pyramidal cell layer and dentate gyrus, and specific laminae of neocortex. Comparison of autoradiographically determined H 1 -, H 2 - and H 3 -receptor binding densities between normal and pathological cases found significantly decreased (p 3 -receptor binding in Huntington's disease (HD), with unaltered binding in the insular cortex. A significant correlation (p 1 -receptor was increased (p 2 - (measured using [ 125 I]-iodoaminopotentidine) and H 3 -receptor binding densities were normal in all areas examined. H 1 -receptor binding was also increased in the hippocampus of Lewy-body dementia (DLB) cases (p 2 -receptor binding densities were decreased in DLB, together with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (p 3 -receptor binding was increased in the insular cortex and decreased in the temporal cortex of DLB, but not AD, cases (p 1 -receptor binding to tissue from patients with schizophrenia was significantly reduced in all cortical (p 2 -receptor binding was unaltered in all areas, however H 3 -receptor binding was increased in the posterior putamen (p < 0.05), and highly significantly decreased (p < 0.005, Students two-tailed T-Test) in the external globus pallidus in schizophrenia. (author)

Mutation of Elfn1 in mice causes seizures and hyperactivity.

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Jackie Dolan

Full Text Available A growing number of proteins with extracellular leucine-rich repeats (eLRRs have been implicated in directing neuronal connectivity. We previously identified a novel family of eLRR proteins in mammals: the Elfns are transmembrane proteins with 6 LRRs, a fibronectin type-3 domain and a long cytoplasmic tail. The recent discovery that Elfn1 protein, expressed postsynaptically, can direct the elaboration of specific electrochemical properties of synapses between particular cell types in the hippocampus strongly reinforces this hypothesis. Here, we present analyses of an Elfn1 mutant mouse line and demonstrate a functional requirement for this gene in vivo. We first carried out detailed expression analysis of Elfn1 using a β-galactosidase reporter gene in the knockout line. Elfn1 is expressed in distinct subsets of interneurons of the hippocampus and cortex, and also in discrete subsets of cells in the habenula, septum, globus pallidus, dorsal subiculum, amygdala and several other regions. Elfn1 is expressed in diverse cell types, including local GABAergic interneurons as well as long-range projecting GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. Elfn1 protein localises to axons of excitatory neurons in the habenula, and long-range GABAergic neurons of the globus pallidus, suggesting the possibility of additional roles for Elfn1 in axons or presynaptically. While gross anatomical analyses did not reveal any obvious neuroanatomical abnormalities, behavioural analyses clearly illustrate functional effects of Elfn1 mutation. Elfn1 mutant mice exhibit seizures, subtle motor abnormalities, reduced thigmotaxis and hyperactivity. The hyperactivity is paradoxically reversible by treatment with the stimulant amphetamine, consistent with phenotypes observed in animals with habenular lesions. These analyses reveal a requirement for Elfn1 in brain function and are suggestive of possible relevance to the etiology and pathophysiology of epilepsy and attention

Dynamical analysis of Parkinsonian state emulated by hybrid Izhikevich neuron models

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Liu, Chen; Wang, Jiang; Yu, Haitao; Deng, Bin; Wei, Xile; Li, Huiyan; Loparo, Kenneth A.; Fietkiewicz, Chris

2015-11-01

Computational models play a significant role in exploring novel theories to complement the findings of physiological experiments. Various computational models have been developed to reveal the mechanisms underlying brain functions. Particularly, in the development of therapies to modulate behavioral and pathological abnormalities, computational models provide the basic foundations to exhibit transitions between physiological and pathological conditions. Considering the significant roles of the intrinsic properties of the globus pallidus and the coupling connections between neurons in determining the firing patterns and the dynamical activities of the basal ganglia neuronal network, we propose a hypothesis that pathological behaviors under the Parkinsonian state may originate from combined effects of intrinsic properties of globus pallidus neurons and synaptic conductances in the whole neuronal network. In order to establish a computational efficient network model, hybrid Izhikevich neuron model is used due to its capacity of capturing the dynamical characteristics of the biological neuronal activities. Detailed analysis of the individual Izhikevich neuron model can assist in understanding the roles of model parameters, which then facilitates the establishment of the basal ganglia-thalamic network model, and contributes to a further exploration of the underlying mechanisms of the Parkinsonian state. Simulation results show that the hybrid Izhikevich neuron model is capable of capturing many of the dynamical properties of the basal ganglia-thalamic neuronal network, such as variations of the firing rates and emergence of synchronous oscillations under the Parkinsonian condition, despite the simplicity of the two-dimensional neuronal model. It may suggest that the computational efficient hybrid Izhikevich neuron model can be used to explore basal ganglia normal and abnormal functions. Especially it provides an efficient way of emulating the large-scale neuron network

Maternal pravastatin prevents altered fetal brain development in a preeclamptic CD-1 mouse model.

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Alissa R Carver

Full Text Available Using an animal model, we have previously shown that preeclampsia results in long-term adverse neuromotor outcomes in the offspring, and this phenotype was prevented by antenatal treatment with pravastatin. This study aims to localize the altered neuromotor programming in this animal model and to evaluate the role of pravastatin in its prevention.For the preeclampsia model, pregnant CD-1 mice were randomly allocated to injection of adenovirus carrying sFlt-1 or its control virus carrying mFc into the tail vein. Thereafter they received pravastatin (sFlt-1-pra "experimental group" or water (sFlt-1 "positive control" until weaning. The mFc group ("negative control" received water. Offspring at 6 months of age were sacrificed, and whole brains underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI. MRIs were performed using an 11.7 Tesla vertical bore MRI scanner. T2 weighted images were acquired to evaluate the volumes of 28 regions of interest, including areas involved in adaptation and motor, spatial and sensory function. Cytochemistry and cell quantification was performed using neuron-specific Nissl stain. One-way ANOVA with multiple comparison testing was used for statistical analysis.Compared with control offspring, male sFlt-1 offspring have decreased volumes in the fimbria, periaquaductal gray, stria medullaris, and ventricles and increased volumes in the lateral globus pallidus and neocortex; however, female sFlt-1 offspring showed increased volumes in the ventricles, stria medullaris, and fasciculus retroflexus and decreased volumes in the inferior colliculus, thalamus, and lateral globus pallidus. Neuronal quantification via Nissl staining exhibited decreased cell counts in sFlt-1 offspring neocortex, more pronounced in males. Prenatal pravastatin treatment prevented these changes.Preeclampsia alters brain development in sex-specific patterns, and prenatal pravastatin therapy prevents altered neuroanatomic programming in this animal model.

Sample size requirements for one-year treatment effects using deep gray matter volume from 3T MRI in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis.

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Kim, Gloria; Chu, Renxin; Yousuf, Fawad; Tauhid, Shahamat; Stazzone, Lynn; Houtchens, Maria K; Stankiewicz, James M; Severson, Christopher; Kimbrough, Dorlan; Quintana, Francisco J; Chitnis, Tanuja; Weiner, Howard L; Healy, Brian C; Bakshi, Rohit

2017-11-01

The subcortical deep gray matter (DGM) develops selective, progressive, and clinically relevant atrophy in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (PMS). This patient population is the target of active neurotherapeutic development, requiring the availability of outcome measures. We tested a fully automated MRI analysis pipeline to assess DGM atrophy in PMS. Consistent 3D T1-weighted high-resolution 3T brain MRI was obtained over one year in 19 consecutive patients with PMS [15 secondary progressive, 4 primary progressive, 53% women, age (mean±SD) 50.8±8.0 years, Expanded Disability Status Scale (median, range) 5.0, 2.0-6.5)]. DGM segmentation applied the fully automated FSL-FIRST pipeline ( http://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk ). Total DGM volume was the sum of the caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus. On-study change was calculated using a random-effects linear regression model. We detected one-year decreases in raw [mean (95% confidence interval): -0.749 ml (-1.455, -0.043), p = 0.039] and annualized [-0.754 ml/year (-1.492, -0.016), p = 0.046] total DGM volumes. A treatment trial for an intervention that would show a 50% reduction in DGM brain atrophy would require a sample size of 123 patients for a single-arm study (one-year run-in followed by one-year on-treatment). For a two-arm placebo-controlled one-year study, 242 patients would be required per arm. The use of DGM fraction required more patients. The thalamus, putamen, and globus pallidus, showed smaller effect sizes in their on-study changes than the total DGM; however, for the caudate, the effect sizes were somewhat larger. DGM atrophy may prove efficient as a short-term outcome for proof-of-concept neurotherapeutic trials in PMS.

Clinical studies of the calcification of the basal ganglia as disclosed by computed tomography

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Node, Yoji; Nakazawa, Shozo (Nippon Medical School, Tokyo)

1983-04-01

One hundred and twenty-nine of the 12,645 patients (1.0%) were found to have attenuating changes suggesting calcification of the basal ganglia. Thirty-seven of those patients were male and 92 were female. The calcification was bilateral and grossly symmetric in 108 of these patients (83.7%), while it was unilateral in 21 (16.3%). In the unilaterally located cases, 15 were on the left side and 6 were on the right side. In 128 of these patients (99.2%), calcification was located in the globus pallidus. Only one patient, whose diagnosis was hypoparathyroidism, had calcification in both the globus pallidus and the head of the caudate nucleus. The patients' ages ranged from 10 to 85 years (mean, 58), but 88.4% of the patients were more than 40 years old at the time of the CT scanning. The attenuation values of the lesions varied from 35 to 375 EMI units (mean, 55.7). Skull radiographs were performed in 120 of the 129 patients. Calcification was detected in only one patient, a 76-year-old woman, whose diagnosis was myasthenia gravis. The clinical diagnoses of the 129 patients were as follows: 37, headache; 22, cerebrovascular diseases (19, occlusive cerebrovascular diseases); 20, vertigo and/or tinnitus; 12, psychiatric disorders; 5, Parkinson's Syndrome; 2, hypopara thyroidism; 2, Fahr's disease; 2, familial basal ganglia calcification; 2, epilepsy, and 25, miscellaneous (including carcinoma, brain tumor, and trauma). Nervous system abnormalities were observed in 41 of the 129 patients (31.2%). Mental signs, such as disturbance of recent memory, mental retardation, and dementia, were noted in 14 patients. Movement disorders were noted in 13 patients. Other nervous-system abnormalities were sensory disturbances (5 patients) and seizures (4 patients). Abnormal EEG activities were noted in 9 patients; three patients showed epileptic activity, and six had a pathologically slow rhythm.

Clinical studies of the calcification of the basal ganglia as disclosed by computed tomography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Node, Yoji; Nakazawa, Shozo [Nippon Medical School, Tokyo

1983-04-01

One hundred and twenty-nine of the 12,645 patients (1.0%) were found to have attenuating changes suggesting calcification of the basal ganglia. Thirty-seven of those patients were male and 92 were female. The calcification was bilateral and grossly symmetric in 108 of these patients (83.7%), while it was unilateral in 21 (16.3%). In the unilaterally located cases, 15 were on the left side and 6 were on the right side. In 128 of these patients (99.2%), calcification was located in the globus pallidus. Only one patient, whose diagnosis was hypoparathyroidism, had calcification in both the globus pallidus and the head of the caudate nucleus. The patients' ages ranged from 10 to 85 years (mean, 58), but 88.4% of the patients were more than 40 years old at the time of the CT scanning. The attenuation values of the lesions varied from 35 to 375 EMI units (mean, 55.7). Skull radiographs were performed in 120 of the 129 patients. Calcification was detected in only one patient, a 76-year-old woman, whose diagnosis was myasthenia gravis. The clinical diagnoses of the 129 patients were as follows: 37, headache; 22, cerebrovascular diseases (19, occlusive cerebrovascular diseases); 20, vertigo and/or tinnitus; 12, psychiatric disorders; 5, Parkinson's Syndrome; 2, hypopara thyroidism; 2, Fahr's disease; 2, familial basal ganglia calcification; 2, epilepsy, and 25, miscellaneous (including carcinoma, brain tumor, and trauma). Nervous system abnormalities were observed in 41 of the 129 patients (31.2%). Mental signs, such as disturbance of recent memory, mental retardation, and dementia, were noted in 14 patients. Movement disorders were noted in 13 patients. Other nervous-system abnormalities were sensory disturbances (5 patients) and seizures (4 patients). Abnormal EEG activities were noted in 9 patients; three patients showed epileptic activity, and six had a pathologically slow rhythm.

Clinical studies of the calcification of the basal ganglia as disclosed by computed tomography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Node, Yoji; Nakazawa, Shozo

1983-01-01

One hundred and twenty-nine of the 12,645 patients (1.0%) were found to have attenuating changes suggesting calcification of the basal ganglia. Thirty-seven of those patients were male and 92 were female. The calcification was bilateral and grossly symmetric in 108 of these patients (83.7%), while it was unilateral in 21 (16.3%). In the unilaterally located cases, 15 were on the left side and 6 were on the right side. In 128 of these patients (99.2%), calcification was located in the globus pallidus. Only one patient, whose diagnosis was hypoparathyroidism, had calcification in both the globus pallidus and the head of the caudate nucleus. The patients' ages ranged from 10 to 85 years (mean, 58), but 88.4% of the patients were more than 40 years old at the time of the CT scanning. The attenuation values of the lesions varied from 35 to 375 EMI units (mean, 55.7). Skull radiographs were performed in 120 of the 129 patients. Calcification was detected in only one patient, a 76-year-old woman, whose diagnosis was myasthenia gravis. The clinical diagnoses of the 129 patients were as follows: 37, headache; 22, cerebrovascular diseases (19, occlusive cerebrovascular diseases); 20, vertigo and/or tinnitus; 12, psychiatric disorders; 5, Parkinson's Syndrome; 2, hypopara thyroidism; 2, Fahr's disease; 2, familial basal ganglia calcification; 2, epilepsy, and 25, miscellaneous (including carcinoma, brain tumor, and trauma). Nervous system abnormalities were observed in 41 of the 129 patients (31.2%). Mental signs, such as disturbance of recent memory, mental retardation, and dementia, were noted in 14 patients. Movement disorders were noted in 13 patients. Other nervous-system abnormalities were sensory disturbances (5 patients) and seizures (4 patients). Abnormal EEG activities were noted in 9 patients; three patients showed epileptic activity, and six had a pathologically slow rhythm. (J.P.N.)

The quaternary structure of the amidase from Geobacillus pallidus RAPc8 is revealed by its crystal packing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Agarkar, Vinod B.; Kimani, Serah W.; Cowan, Donald A.; Sayed, Muhammed F.-R.; Sewell, B. Trevor

2006-01-01

The amidase from G. pallidus RAPc8, a moderate thermophile, converts amides to the corresponding acids and ammonia and has application as an industrial catalyst. RAPc8 amidase has been cloned, expressed and purified, and then crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The amidase from Geobacillus pallidus RAPc8, a moderate thermophile, is a member of the nitrilase enzyme superfamily. It converts amides to the corresponding acids and ammonia and has application as an industrial catalyst. RAPc8 amidase has been cloned and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli and has been purified by heat treatment and a number of chromatographic steps. The enzyme was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Crystals produced in the presence of 1.2 M sodium citrate, 400 mM NaCl, 100 mM sodium acetate pH 5.6 were selected for X-ray diffraction studies. A data set having acceptable statistics to 1.96 Å resolution was collected under cryoconditions using an in-house X-ray source. The space group was determined to be primitive cubic P4 2 32, with unit-cell parameter a = 130.49 (±0.05) Å. The structure was solved by molecular replacement using the backbone of the hypothetical protein PH0642 from Pyrococcus horikoshii (PDB code 1j31) with all non-identical side chains substituted with alanine as a probe. There is one subunit per asymmetric unit. The subunits are packed as trimers of dimers with D3 point-group symmetry around the threefold axis in such a way that the dimer interface seen in the homologues is preserved

Actividad investigadora de los residentes de medicina interna de Galicia

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IRIA ÍÑIGUEZ

2012-03-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Conocer la actividad investigadora de los residentes de medicina interna (MI de Galicia.MÉTODO: encuesta remitida a los residentes (MIR de Medicina Interna de Galicia en Mayo de 2011. Las variables analizadas fueron: comunicaciones a congresos, publicaciones en revistas, capítulos de libros, Diploma de Estu-dios Avanzados (DEA, tesis doctoral y participación en proyectos de investi-gación financiados. Los resultados se clasificaron según el año de residencia.RESuLTADOS: participaron 39 residentes (68% de los MIR de MI de Gali-cia: 9 MIR de 1º año, 14 MIR 2º, 6 MIR 3º, 6 MIR 4º y 4 MIR 5º. Se registró una media de comunicaciones a congresos autonómicos por residente de 5,.85 (DS 5.22, 2,51 (3.64 a congresos nacionales y 0,74 (1,9 a internacionales. El 41% y el 87,2% no había participado en ninguna comunicación a congresos nacionales e internacionales, respectivamen-te. Se registraron un total de 29 publicaciones, con una media inferior a 1 publicación por residente. El 71,8% no había participado en ninguna publicación. El 15% estaba realizando o habían obtenido el DEA. No se observaron diferencias en la actividad investigadora en relación al avance en los años de residencia. Tampoco se observaron diferencias en cuanto a si los residentes procedían o no de hospitales universitarios. CONCLUSIÓN: la actividad investigadora de los residentes de medicina interna de Galicia es deficiente. Es preciso conseguir una mayor impli-cación por parte de los residentes, tutores y unidades de docencia de los distintos hospitales y acometer las medidas necesarias para cambiar esta situación, estimulando actividades de formación y promoción de la investigación en los hospitales de Galicia.

Zolpidem in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

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Sandip K. Dash

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor symptoms, postural instability, personality changes, and cognitive impairment. There is no effective treatment for this disorder. Reduced neurotransmission of GABA in the striatum and globus pallidus may contribute to the symptoms of motor and cognitive symptoms seen in PSP. Zolpidem is a GABA agonist of the benzodiazepine subreceptor BZ1. Here a nondiabetic, normotensive case of PSP is (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy described, which showed improvement in swallowing, speech, and gaze paresis after zolpidem therapy and possible mechanism of actions are discussed. However, more trials are needed with large number of patients to confirm the effectiveness of zolpidem in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction with parkinsonism and symmetric hyperintense basal ganglia on T1 weighted MRI

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Jayalakshmi Sita

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Abnormal high signal in the globus pallidus on T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI of the brain has been well described in patients with chronic liver disease. It may be related to liver dysfunction or portal-systemic shunting. We report a case of extra hepatic portal vein obstruction with portal hypertension and esophageal varices that presented with extra pyramidal features. T1 weighted MRI brain scans showed increased symmetrical signal intensities in the basal ganglia. Normal hepatic function in this patient emphasizes the role of portal- systemic communications in the development of these hyperintensities, which may be due to deposition of paramagnetic substances like manganese in the basal ganglia.

Multifocal dystonia, Clinical feature of Hallervorden-Spatz

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Ghelichkhani H

1998-09-01

Full Text Available Hallervorden-spatz disease is an inherited metabolic disorder with autosomal recessive trait. Onset is in late childhood or early adolescence. Clinical manifestation is variable but pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs are often prominent. Many of patients show progressive dementia and extrapyramidal symptoms. Ataxia or myoclonus is reported in the course of the disease in individual cases. Focal dystonias including tongue, eyelids (blepharospasm and optic atrophy, retinitis pigmentosa, rarely familial parkinsonism are also reported. Pathologically pigmentary degeneration of globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars reticular and red nucleus is characteristic. In our case the main clinical feature was multifocal dystonia without obvious pyramidal or other extrapyramidal symptoms, and diagnosis was based on clinical and MRI findings.

Preditores de internação hospitalar em pacientes com síncope atendidos em hospital cardiológico

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Leonardo Marques Fischer

2013-12-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: No atendimento ao episódio sincopal é necessário estratificar o risco para melhor diferenciar pacientes que necessitam de internação hospitalar daqueles que podem ser liberados. Os critérios utilizados pelos médicos avaliadores desses pacientes em emergências cardiológicas em nosso meio são desconhecidos. OBJETIVOS: Analisar quais os critérios adotados para internação hospitalar, diferenciá-los dos utilizados nos pacientes liberados e compará-los com os preditores de alto risco definidos pelo escore de OESIL já validado para esse fim. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal em pacientes diagnosticados com síncope na emergência em nossa instituição no ano de 2011. RESULTADOS: Dos 46.476 atendimentos realizados naquele ano, 216 foram descritos como síncope. Dos 216 pacientes analisados, 39% foram internados, sendo que as principais variáveis associadas à admissão foram síncope prévia, doença cardíaca conhecida, história negativa para acidente vascular encefálico no passado, ECG alterado e possuir plano de súde. Na comparação internação contra não internação, os escores OESIL 0-1 foram associados a maior chance de liberação hospitalar; os escores 2-3 apresentaram maior associação com internação. Um escore OESIL >2 demonstrou razão de chances 7,8 vezes maior de internação comparado com o escore 0 (p < 0,001; IC95%: 4,03-15,11. Aproximadamente 39% dos pacientes não tiveram definição etiológica e em 18% foi identificada uma causa cardiológica. CONCLUSÕES: Fatores como doença cardiovascular conhecida, história sincopal prévia, ausência de AVC prévio, possuir seguro de saúde e eletrocardiograma alterado foram os critérios utilizados pelos médicos em emergência para indicar internação hospitalar. Houve boa correlação entre os critérios clínicos e os critérios de risco do OESIL descritos na literatura.

Headache in a patient with Klinefelter’s syndrome and hyperostosis frontalis interna

OpenAIRE

Ramchandren, Sindhu; Liebeskind, David S.

2007-01-01

Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) has been reported in older women, but reports in men are rare. We present a novel case of migraine headache in a gentleman with Klinefelter’s syndrome and HFI, along with a discussion of possible pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying both the headache and the HFI.

Corte y sellado reversible de dientes para obtener superficies internas de esmalte incólumes

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Ana Milena Santiago-Medina

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Las superficies internas de los dientes, que se obtienen por cortes con discos, están generalmente desorganizadas por los giros, la velocidad y la rugosidad del disco. El calor altera la superficie y el agua de la refrigeración la composición química porque disuelve los componentes. En estudios de difusión, el perfil se borra por el corte, lo que anula resultados. Objetivo: desarrollar un método de sellado de superficies internas, ya cortadas antes de los ensayos de difusión, sin dejar trazas químicas o partículas. Materiales y metedos: se probó in vitro la habilidad de cuatro materiales de sellado con 40 especimenes, provenientes de 20 coronas de terceros molares, cortadas sagitalmente. Los especímenes se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos (n = 10: G1: Teflón (Topex®, G2: Tela de caucho (Dental DAM®, G3: película de cloruro de polivinilo (Vinilpel® y G4: Cinta aislante (Tesa®. Se usó una solución de azul de metileno (AM al 2% por 6 días como indicadora de filtración. Por observación visual de cada muestra, se le asignó un valor (sí o no dependiendo de la presencia o ausencia de cualquier punto MB sobre la superficie de sellado. Los resultados fueron analizados siguiendo un modelo estadístico de respuesta binomial. Resultados: Siguiendo los procedimientos descritos, el teflón es el único material que previene la filtración de AM en la superficie interna expuesta por el corte. Conclusión: Se propone un protocolo de sellado reversible de las superficies internas con teflón, previo al corte de los dientes, para no alterar los resultados experimentales.

Hemipelvectomia interna: relato de oito casos Internal hemipelvectomy: report on eight cases

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Alexandre Ferreira Oliveira

2012-01-01

Full Text Available A hemipelvectomia interna é um procedimento cirúrgico adequado no tratamento de certos tumores de cintura pélvica. É uma alternativa terapêutica capaz de preservar o membro inferior do paciente, ao contrário das amputações clássicas como a amputação interilioabdominal (AIIA e desarticulação coxofemoral. De acordo com a classificação de Enneking, existem quatro tipos de hemipelvectomia interna, mas, se for necessário, é possível a associação de diferentes tipos de ressecção em um único procedimento. É fundamental que esta cirurgia seja indicada de forma correta para que interfira positivamente na morbimortalidade e qualidade de vida do paciente. Relatamos oito casos de hemipelvectomia interna em pacientes diagnosticados com tumores de cintura pélvica, bem como os tipos de tratamento neoadjuvantes e adjuvantes a que eles foram submetidos e o follow-up dos mesmos.Internal hemipelvectomy is a surgical procedure adequate for treatment of certain tumors of the pelvic girdle. Being a lower limb-preserving approach, it is a therapeutic alternative to the classical interilioabdominal amputation and hip joint disarticulation. According to Enneking`s classification, there are four types of internal hemipelvectomies, although the association of different types of resection in the same procedure is feasible if necesary. This surgical approach should be correctly indicated to positively affect the patient`s morbidity, mortality and quality of life. We report eight cases of internal hemipelvectomy in patients diagnosed with tumors of the pelvic girdle. We also discuss the neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments used, along with their follow-up.

Comunicación Interna y Desempeño Laboral en el Programa Nacional de Infraestructura Educativa 2015

OpenAIRE

Padilla Pinedo, Pedro

2016-01-01

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general el determinar qué relación existe entre la Comunicación interna y el desempeño laboral en el Programa Nacional de Infraestructura Educativa 2015; Constituido por 200 trabajadores Administrativos del PRONIED, la muestra censal consideró toda la población, en los cuales se ha empleado las variables: Comunicación Interna y Desempeño Laboral. El método empleado en la investigación fue el hipotético deductivo, esta investigació...

La comunicación interna en las empresas

OpenAIRE

Martínez Delgado, Juan Carlos

2014-01-01

La gestión eficaz de la comunicación interna en las empresas va a ser clave para la supervivencia de las empresas que quieran competir en un mundo globalizado donde los sistemas de información y comunicación juegan un papel fundamental. Es por tanto una herramienta clave de la que todos los miembros de la organización deberán ser partícipes en su desarrollo, principalmente los mandos intermedios. Lo difícil, la gestión del cambio en las organizaciones actuales, más acusado en el caso ...

Automatização de um dinamômetro hidráulico para ensaios de motores de combustão interna

OpenAIRE

Albuquerque, Luiz Eduardo Nunes de

2016-01-01

Esta dissertação apresenta a automatização de um dinamômetro hidráulico instalado na cabine de testes de motores de combustão interna do laboratório de máquinas térmicas da Universidade de Brasília. O dinamômetro é operado por meio de um controlador analógico que comanda o freio do equipamento pela variação da pressão interna gerada pelo vórtice da água no circuito hidráulico. A pressão interna, por sua vez, é controlada por uma válvula borboleta acoplada a um servo motor de corrente contínua...

Enhanced energy efficiency by means of low temperature differences. Subcritical CO{sub 2} cascade in Globus Handelshof Saarbruecken-Guedingen; Hohe Energieeffizienz durch kleine Temperaturdifferenzen. Unterkritische CO{sub 2}-Kaskade im Globus Handelshof Saarbruecken-Guedingen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmid, Wolfgang [Wolfgang Schmid Pressebuero fuer Technische Gebaeudeausruestung, Muenchen (Germany)

2011-06-15

Green coldness is on the advance for the most German grocery chains. Especially, in the course of the R22 exit, more and more shopping centers opt for natural refrigerants or for a cascade solution with CO{sub 2} for the deep freezing and R404a for a normal refrigeration and air conditioning. Elektro-Kaeltebau Moersch GmbH (Saarburg, Federal Republic of Germany) is one of the green refrigeration system builders from the first hour in the implementation of energy-efficient and climate friendly refrigeration plants in the food sector. One of the current projects is the incorporation of a CO{sub 2}/R404A cascade during the operation in the Globus Handelshof in Saarbruecken-Guedingen (Federal Republic of Germany).

Mulheres em idade fértil: causas de internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e resultados

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Cátia Millene Dell Agnolo

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Introdução: Pacientes obstétricas representam uma fração significativa das admissões em unidades de cuidado intensivo e consistem em um desafio para a equipe. Objetivo: Analisar as principais causas de internação e morte materna de mulheres em idade fértil ocorridas em unidades de terapia intensiva de hospitais de um município do Noroeste do Paraná, Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado com mulheres em idade fértil (10 a 49 anos internadas em três unidades de terapia intensiva existentes em um município do Noroeste do Paraná, por causas obstétricas e não obstétricas, no período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2009. Resultados: Foram encontradas 775 internações de mulheres em idade fértil, com uma média de idade de 33,7±10,3 anos, com duração média de internação de 5,0±8,4 dias. A maior parte das mulheres era do município estudado (67,2%, com baixa escolaridade (nível primário, 68,2%. Entre as causas obstétricas de internação, a pré-eclâmpsia grave e a eclâmpsia se constituíram na principal causa (71,3%; a pielonefrite se destacou sob outras condições no período gestacional (53%. Não foi encontrada associação estatística entre internações por causas obstétricas em unidade de terapia intensiva e óbito. Conclusão: As causas não obstétricas representaram a maioria das internações de mulheres em idade fértil nas unidades de terapia intensiva do município, no período estudado e, entre as causas obstétricas, a pré-eclâmpsia grave e eclampsia constituíram a principal causa.

Mortalidade e o tempo de internação em uma unidade de terapia intensiva cirúrgica

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Abelha Fernando José

2006-01-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Em cuidados intensivos os resultados podem ser relacionados aos índices de mortalidade ou morbidade. Quando avaliada de forma isolada, a mortalidade é uma medida insuficiente do resultado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI; o tempo de internação pode ser uma medida indireta do resultado relacionado com a morbidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a incidência e os fatores preditivos para mortalidade e tempo de internação dos pacientes admitidos numa UTI cirúrgica. MÉTODO: Participaram deste estudo prospectivo, realizado, entre abril e julho de 2004, todos os 185 pacientes submetidos a procedimentos programados ou de emergência, admitidos numa UTI cirúrgica. Foram registrados os seguintes parâmetros: idade, sexo, altura e peso, temperatura central estado físico segundo a ASA, tipo de intervenção cirúrgica, porte cirúrgico, técnica anestésica, quantidade e qualidade de fluídos administrados durante a anestesia, monitorização da temperatura ou de técnica de aquecimento corporal peri-operatório, duração da anestesia, tempo de permanência na UTI e no hospital e escore SAPS II. RESULTADOS: O tempo médio de internação na UTI foi de 4,09 ± 10,23 dias. Fatores de risco significativos para permanências mais prolongadas na UTI foram o valor do escore SAPS II, estado físico ASA, quantidade administrada, durante a intervenção cirúrgica, de colóides, unidades de plasma fresco e unidades de concentrados de hemáceas. Quatorze pacientes (7,60% morreram durante a internação na UTI e 29 (15,70% morreram durante a internação hospitalar. Fatores de risco independentes de mortalidade com diferença estatística significativa foram intervenções cirúrgicas de emergência, de grande porte, escores altos SAPS II, permanência prolongada na UTI e no hospital. Fatores protetores com diferença estatística significativa para risco de morte hospitalar foram baixo peso corporal e baixo �

Recrystallized graphite utilization as the first wall material in Globus-M spherical tokamak

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gusev, V.; Novokhatsky, A.N.; Petrov, Y.V.; Sakharov, N.V.; Terukov, E.I.; Trapeznikova, I.N.; Denisov, E.A.; Kurdumov, A.A.; Kompaniec, T.N.; Lebedev, V.M.; Litunovstkii, N.V.; Mazul, I.

2007-01-01

Full text of publication follows: Globus-M spherical tokamak, built at A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute in 1999 is the first Russian spherical tokamak and has the broad area of research in controlled fusion [1]. Besides small aspect ratio (A=1.5) the distinguishing feature of the tokamak is the powerful energy supply system and auxiliary heating, which give opportunity to reach high specific power deposition up to few W/cm 3 . The utmost plasma current density and B/R ratio among spherical tokamaks allow operation in the range of high plasma densities ∼ 10 20 m -3 . This feature results in big power density loads to the first wall due to small plasma-wall spacing. The area of the first wall amour was gradually increased during few years since 2003, and nowadays reaches almost 90% of the inner vessel surface faced to plasma. Plasma facing protecting tiles are manufactured from recrystallized graphite doped by different elements (Ti, Si, B). Additionally the plasma facing surface was protected by films deposited during boronization. The tendency of short time and long time scale plasma parameters variation are discussed including the plasma performance improvement with increase of protected area. Technology of tiles preparation before installation into the tokamak vessel is briefly described, as well as technology of plasma facing armor preparation before the plasma experiments. Few protecting tiles doped by different elements which were exposed to plasma fluxes of dissimilar power densities for a long time were extracted from the vacuum vessel. The analysis of tiles material (RGT-91) to hold (accumulate) deuterium was made. The distribution of absorbed deuterium concentration along poloidal coordinate was measured. The elementary composition of the films deposited on the tiles was studied by Rutherford back scattering technique and by nuclear resonance reaction method. Other modern methods of surface and structural analysis of material exposed to prolonged

Recrystallized graphite utilization as the first wall material in Globus-M spherical tokamak

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gusev, V.; Novokhatsky, A.N.; Petrov, Y.V.; Sakharov, N.V.; Terukov, E.I.; Trapeznikova, I.N. [A.F. IOFFE Physico-technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg (Russian Federation); Denisov, E.A.; Kurdumov, A.A.; Kompaniec, T.N. [St. Petersburg State Univ., Research Institute of Physics (Russian Federation); Lebedev, V.M. [B.P. Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Gatchina (Russian Federation); Litunovstkii, N.V. [D.V. Efremov Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus, St.Petersburg (Russian Federation); Mazul, I. [Development of Plasma Facing Materials and Components Laboratory, EFREMOV INSTITUTE, St Petersbourg (Russian Federation)

2007-07-01

Full text of publication follows: Globus-M spherical tokamak, built at A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute in 1999 is the first Russian spherical tokamak and has the broad area of research in controlled fusion [1]. Besides small aspect ratio (A=1.5) the distinguishing feature of the tokamak is the powerful energy supply system and auxiliary heating, which give opportunity to reach high specific power deposition up to few W/cm{sup 3}. The utmost plasma current density and B/R ratio among spherical tokamaks allow operation in the range of high plasma densities {approx} 10{sup 20} m{sup -3}. This feature results in big power density loads to the first wall due to small plasma-wall spacing. The area of the first wall amour was gradually increased during few years since 2003, and nowadays reaches almost 90% of the inner vessel surface faced to plasma. Plasma facing protecting tiles are manufactured from recrystallized graphite doped by different elements (Ti, Si, B). Additionally the plasma facing surface was protected by films deposited during boronization. The tendency of short time and long time scale plasma parameters variation are discussed including the plasma performance improvement with increase of protected area. Technology of tiles preparation before installation into the tokamak vessel is briefly described, as well as technology of plasma facing armor preparation before the plasma experiments. Few protecting tiles doped by different elements which were exposed to plasma fluxes of dissimilar power densities for a long time were extracted from the vacuum vessel. The analysis of tiles material (RGT-91) to hold (accumulate) deuterium was made. The distribution of absorbed deuterium concentration along poloidal coordinate was measured. The elementary composition of the films deposited on the tiles was studied by Rutherford back scattering technique and by nuclear resonance reaction method. Other modern methods of surface and structural analysis of material

Auditoria interna de sistema de gestão ambiental: estudo de caso no Verdegreen Hotel

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Adriano Lucena da Silva

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa analisa as contribuições e os desafios associados às auditorias internas no Verdegreen Hotel, empreendimento hoteleiro de grande destaque na cidade de João Pessoa-PB, selecionado como unidade de estudo por dispor de um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental (SGA ISO 14001 implantado e certificado. Este estudo trata de uma pesquisa descritiva, baseada em um estudo de caso qualitativo. As técnicas utilizadas na metodologia foram: levantamento bibliográfico sobre as normas ISO que abordam as temáticas SGA e auditoria; questionários aplicados aos membros do comitê verde; e análise documental do manual do SGA. Para este estudo, três categorias foram selecionadas: i instrumentos, ii procedimentos e iii recursos humanos. A partir da análise de conteúdo das respostas dos questionários aplicados e do manual do SGA, foi constatado que as auditorias internas do Verdegreen Hotel ocorrem baseadas em métodos bem definidos de coleta e tratamento de informações e que o hotel mantém programas de capacitação para seus colaboradores. Com base nos resultados da pesquisa, tornou-se possível compreender como as questões relacionadas à aplicação da auditoria interna são oportunidades de aprimoramento do SGA implantado.

Malignant Neuroleptic Syndrome following Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery of Globus Pallidus Pars Internus in Cerebral Palsy

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Jae Meen Lee

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS is a rare but potentially lethal outcome caused by sudden discontinuation or dose reduction of dopaminergic agents. We report an extremely rare case of NMS after deep brain stimulation (DBS surgery in a cerebral palsy (CP patient without the withdrawal of dopaminergic agents. A 19-year-old girl with CP was admitted for DBS due to medically refractory dystonia and rigidity. Dopaminergic agents were not stopped preoperatively. DBS was performed uneventfully under monitored anesthesia. Dopaminergic medication was continued during the postoperative period. She manifested spasticity and muscle rigidity, and was high fever resistant to anti-pyretic drugs at 2 h postoperative. At postoperative 20 h, she suffered cardiac arrest and expired, despite vigorous cardiopulmonary resuscitation. NMS should be considered for hyperthermia and severe spasticity in CP patients after DBS surgery, irrespective of continued dopaminergic medication.

Production and characterization of a new antibacterial peptide obtained from Aeribacillus pallidus SAT4.

Science.gov (United States)

Muhammad, Syed Aun; Ahmed, Safia

2015-12-01

A novel thermophilic bacterial strain of the genus Aeribacillus was isolated from Thar Dessert Pakistan. This strain showed significant antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus , Staphylococcus aureus , and Pseudomonas aerugin osa. The strain coded as 'SAT4' resembled with Aeribacillus pallidus in the morphological, biochemical and molecular tests. The production of antibacterial metabolites by SAT4 was optimized. These active metabolites were precipitated by 50% ammonium sulphate and purified through sephadex G-75 gel permeation chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. The molecular weight of 37 kDa was examined by SDS-PAGE. The structural elucidation of the purified product was studied by FTIR, 1 H and 13 C NMR. The X-ray diffractions study showed that the crystals belonged to the primitive orthorhombic lattice ( a  = 12.137, b  = 13.421, c  = 14.097 Å) and 3D structure (proposed name: Aeritracin) was determined. This new peptide antibacterial molecule can get a position in pharmaceutical and biotechnological industrial research.

Comunicação Interna na Era da Colaboração: A IBM Brasil

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Ademir Balbino Siqueira Filho

2015-11-01

Full Text Available A transformação em seu modelo de negócio, deixando de ser somente fábrica de computadores os desafios do mundo globalizado e o surgimento de novos valores socioculturais determinaram novos rumos à comunicação interna da International Business Machine (IBM Brasil, empresa subsidiária de uma das maiores empresas de Tecnologia da Informação do mundo – a IBM. Diante de novas estratégias de comunicação interna, meios tradicionais de comunicação dividem o espaço ou, então, dão espaço a novos meios, no qual os colaboradores interagem entre si e com a empresa de uma maneira mais direta, mais rápida e menos formal. 

Disrupting neuronal transmission: Mechanism of DBS?

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Satomi eChiken

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Applying high-frequency stimulation to deep brain rain structure, known as deep brain stimulation (DBS, has now been recognized an effective therapeutic option for a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. DBS targeting the basal ganglia thalamo-cortical loop, especially the internal segment of the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus and thalamus, has been widely employed as a successful surgical therapy for movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, dystonia and tremor. However, the neurophysiological mechanism underling the action of DBS remains unclear and is still under debate: does DBS inhibit or excite local neuronal elements? In this review, we will examine this question and propose the alternative interpretation: DBS dissociates inputs and outputs, resulting in disruption of abnormal signal transmission.

Renal Failure in Dementia with Lewy Bodies Presenting as Catatonia

Science.gov (United States)

Fekete, Robert

2013-01-01

Catatonia, originally described by Karl Kahlbaum in 1874, may be regarded as a set of clinical features found in a subtype of schizophrenia, but the syndrome may also stem from organic causes including vascular parkinsonism, brain masses, globus pallidus lesions, metabolic derangements, and pharmacologic agents, especially first generation antipsychotics. Catatonia may include paratonia, waxy flexibility (cerea flexibilitas), stupor, mutism, echolalia, and catalepsy (abnormal posturing). A case of catatonia as a result of acute renal failure in a patient with dementia with Lewy bodies is described. This patient recovered after intravenous fluid administration and reinstitution of the atypical dopamine receptor blocking agent quetiapine, but benzodiazepines and amantadine are additional possible treatments. Recognition of organic causes of catatonia leads to timely treatment and resolution of the syndrome. PMID:23466522

Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of [{sup 123}I]Me{sub 2}Pyr, a new potential ligand for imaging of central cannabinoid CB{sub 1} receptors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gielow, P. [Department of Nuclear Medicine, University School of Medicine, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover (Germany)]. E-mail: gielow.peter@mh-hannover.de; Klinge, P. [International Neuroscience Institute, Alexis Carrel Str. 4, D-30625 Hannover (Germany); Knapp, W.H. [Department of Nuclear Medicine, University School of Medicine, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover (Germany); Berding, G. [Department of Nuclear Medicine, University School of Medicine, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover (Germany)

2006-07-15

A synthesis of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-[{sup 123}I]iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole -3-carboxylic acid N',N'-dimethyl-hydrazide ([{sup 123}I]Me{sub 2}Pyr), a new radioiodinated analogue of the high-affinity cannabinoid CB{sub 1} receptor antagonist SR141716A, is described. Labelling was achieved by radioiododestannylation of the tributylstannyl precursor with [{sup 123}I]iodide in the presence of chloramine T. HPLC purification afforded the labelled product in 48% radiochemical yield. Preliminary rat brain biodistribution studies with the {sup 125}I labelled compound revealed high uptake in the substantia nigra, the globus pallidus externus and the cerebellum, which is consistent with the known distribution of CB{sub 1} receptors.

High signal of the striatum in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: sequential change on T2-weighted MRI

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uemura, A.; O'uchi, T.; Sakamoto, T.; Yashiro, N.

2002-01-01

The object of this study is to describe the sequential change of high signal of the striatum on T2-weighted MRI in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Three cases of autopsy-proven sporadic CJD and a total of 18 serial MR images are included in this study. The degree of high signal of the striatum on T2-weighted MRI was evaluated by two neuroradiologists and divided into four grades by mutual agreement. Initial MRI of all three cases showed a slightly high signal of the bilateral striatum, and the conspicuity of the high signal became more prominent as the disease progressed. In each case the pathological change of striatum and globus pallidus was compared with the high signal on the last MR image. (orig.)

High signal of the striatum in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: sequential change on T2-weighted MRI

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Uemura, A.; O' uchi, T.; Sakamoto, T.; Yashiro, N. [Department of Radiology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba (Japan)

2002-04-01

The object of this study is to describe the sequential change of high signal of the striatum on T2-weighted MRI in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Three cases of autopsy-proven sporadic CJD and a total of 18 serial MR images are included in this study. The degree of high signal of the striatum on T2-weighted MRI was evaluated by two neuroradiologists and divided into four grades by mutual agreement. Initial MRI of all three cases showed a slightly high signal of the bilateral striatum, and the conspicuity of the high signal became more prominent as the disease progressed. In each case the pathological change of striatum and globus pallidus was compared with the high signal on the last MR image. (orig.)

Magnetic resonance imaging of dystonic states

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rutledge, J.N.; Hilal, S.K.; Silver, A.J.; Defendini, R.; Fahn, S.

1988-01-01

Interest in movement disorders is heightened by the recent capability of mapping the distribution of macromolecular complexes of Fe(III) in the brain using heavily T2-weighted images. This is accomplished through contrast caused by their T2 effect, a local inhomogeneity in the magnetic field which dephases spin and results in loss of signal. It is a unique characteristic of the extra-pyramidal system that its nuclei contain high concentrations of iron. The areas especially rich are the substantia nigra and globus pallidus. Lesser amounts of iron are found in the red nucleus, dentate nucleus, nigrostriatal tract, putamen, and caudate nucleus. The reasons for increased concentration of iron in nuclei related to movement are incompletely understood and are reviewed in this chapter

A Case Of Transient Ischemic Attack Presenting As Hemichroea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hasan Hüseyin Özdemir

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Chorea is defined as; involuntary movements of the distal parts of limbs which have arrhythmic, rapid, bouncing or smooth, simple or complex properties. Choreiform movements occur when putamen, globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus are affected. Chorea can be observed during the course of metabolic and vascular diseases, neurodegenerative or hereditary diseases. Chorea may be a rare symptom of cerebral hypoperfusion. Transient ischemic attack is an event that occurs in short term characterized by a temporary ischemia of brain. A wide variety of symptoms can be seen depending on the localization of cerebral hypoperfusion. Hemichorea is a very rare finding observed during transient ischemic attacks. In this article hemichorea in a case of symptomatic transient ischemic attack is discussed with relevant literature.

An interesting case of metabolic dystonia: L-2 hydroxyglutaric aciduria

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Padma Balaji

2014-01-01

Full Text Available L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L-2-HGA, a neurometabolic disorder caused by mutations in the L-2 hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (L-2-HGDH gene, presents with psychomotor retardation, cerebellar ataxia, extrapyramidal symptoms, macrocephaly and seizures. Characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings include subcortical cerebral white matter abnormalities with T2 hyperintensities of the dentate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen and caudate nucleus. The diagnosis can be confirmed by elevated urinary L-2 hydroxyglutaric acid and mutational analysis of the L-2-HGDH gene. We report two siblings with dystonia diagnosed by classical neuroimaging findings with elevated urinary 2 hydroxyglutaric acid. Riboflavin therapy has shown promising results in a subset of cases, thus highlighting the importance of making the diagnosis in these patients.

Cerebellar and basal ganglion involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saatci, I.; Baskan, O.; Haliloglu, M.; Aydingoz, U. [Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University Hospital, Sihhiye 06100, Ankara (Turkey)

1999-06-01

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease of unknown cause characterised by proliferation of histiocytic granulomas in tissues; the primary cerebral manifestation is diabetes insipidus caused by hypothalamic infiltration. We present a patient in whom, except for the absence of high signal on T 1 weighting in the posterior pituitary, consistent with central diabetes insipidus, MRI showed no evidence of hypothalamic involvement by histiocytosis, despite the long duration of the disease. However, there was bilateral, symmetrical involvement of the cerebellum and globus pallidus in addition to a calvarial lesion. High signal in the cerebellar white matter on T 2-weighted images may represent demyelination, gliosis and cell loss, as previously reported on pathologic examination. (orig.) With 5 figs., 22 refs.

Relationship between child epilepsy and MRI findings in von Recklinghausen Neurofibromatosis (NF 1)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yasujima, Hidehiro; Komatsu, Mikio; Sakurai, Takashi; Kodama, Soichi

1994-01-01

Fourteen children meeting the NIH consensus diagnostic criteria for NF 1 were evaluated at the Department of Pediatrics, Himeji Red Cross Hospital. MRI and EEG were examined in all patients, respectively. Four of 14 patients had a history of epilepsy, two had suffered West syndrome, one had complex partial seizures and one had secondary generalized partial epilepsy. Seven (50%) of 14 patients showed abnormal MRI; three (75%) of 4 patients with epilepsy and four (40%) of 10 patients with epilepsy showed low intensity on T 1 -weighted images and hyperintensity on T 2 -weighted images in the globus pallidus and brain stem. These results suggest that children with NF 1 have a spectrum of MRI abnormalities, irrespective of existence of epilepsy. (author)

Occlusion of Heubner's artery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, Manabu; Kidooka, Minoru

1982-01-01

A case of occlusion of the left Heubner's artery in a right-handed, 51-year-old man is reported. Cardinal clinical features were transient right hemiparesis and mental disturbance, especially intellectual defect. Low density areas were found at CT in the globus pallidus, putamen, anterior limb of the internal capsule and a part of the caudate nucleus. It is well known that the occlusion of the Heubner's artery causes transient motor paresis of upper extremity on the contralaterl side. However, in the case where the Heubner's artery is remarkably well developed when compared with the medial striate arteries as was the case in this patient, it should be noted that the occlusion of the Heubner's artery may well causes grave mental disturbance, in addition. (author)

A biophysical model of the cortex-basal ganglia-thalamus network in the 6-OHDA lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Kumaravelu, Karthik; Brocker, David T; Grill, Warren M

2016-04-01

Electrical stimulation of sub-cortical brain regions (the basal ganglia), known as deep brain stimulation (DBS), is an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). Chronic high frequency (HF) DBS in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or globus pallidus interna (GPi) reduces motor symptoms including bradykinesia and tremor in patients with PD, but the therapeutic mechanisms of DBS are not fully understood. We developed a biophysical network model comprising of the closed loop cortical-basal ganglia-thalamus circuit representing the healthy and parkinsonian rat brain. The network properties of the model were validated by comparing responses evoked in basal ganglia (BG) nuclei by cortical (CTX) stimulation to published experimental results. A key emergent property of the model was generation of low-frequency network oscillations. Consistent with their putative pathological role, low-frequency oscillations in model BG neurons were exaggerated in the parkinsonian state compared to the healthy condition. We used the model to quantify the effectiveness of STN DBS at different frequencies in suppressing low-frequency oscillatory activity in GPi. Frequencies less than 40 Hz were ineffective, low-frequency oscillatory power decreased gradually for frequencies between 50 Hz and 130 Hz, and saturated at frequencies higher than 150 Hz. HF STN DBS suppressed pathological oscillations in GPe/GPi both by exciting and inhibiting the firing in GPe/GPi neurons, and the number of GPe/GPi neurons influenced was greater for HF stimulation than low-frequency stimulation. Similar to the frequency dependent suppression of pathological oscillations, STN DBS also normalized the abnormal GPi spiking activity evoked by CTX stimulation in a frequency dependent fashion with HF being the most effective. Therefore, therapeutic HF STN DBS effectively suppresses pathological activity by influencing the activity of a greater proportion of neurons in the output nucleus of the BG.

Practice Parameter: treatment of Parkinson disease with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.

Science.gov (United States)

Pahwa, R; Factor, S A; Lyons, K E; Ondo, W G; Gronseth, G; Bronte-Stewart, H; Hallett, M; Miyasaki, J; Stevens, J; Weiner, W J

2006-04-11

To make evidence-based treatment recommendations for the medical and surgical treatment of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) with levodopa-induced motor fluctuations and dyskinesia. To that end, five questions were addressed. 1. Which medications reduce off time? 2. What is the relative efficacy of medications in reducing off time? 3. Which medications reduce dyskinesia? 4. Does deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), globus pallidus interna (GPi), or ventral intermediate (VIM) nucleus of the thalamus reduce off time, dyskinesia, and antiparkinsonian medication usage and improve motor function? 5. Which factors predict improvement after DBS? A 10-member committee including movement disorder specialists and general neurologists evaluated the available evidence based on a structured literature review including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Ovid databases from 1965 through June 2004. 1. Entacapone and rasagiline should be offered to reduce off time (Level A). Pergolide, pramipexole, ropinirole, and tolcapone should be considered to reduce off time (Level B). Apomorphine, cabergoline, and selegiline may be considered to reduce off time (Level C). 2. The available evidence does not establish superiority of one medicine over another in reducing off time (Level B). Sustained release carbidopa/levodopa and bromocriptine may be disregarded to reduce off time (Level C). 3. Amantadine may be considered to reduce dyskinesia (Level C). 4. Deep brain stimulation of the STN may be considered to improve motor function and reduce off time, dyskinesia, and medication usage (Level C). There is insufficient evidence to support or refute the efficacy of DBS of the GPi or VIM nucleus of the thalamus in reducing off time, dyskinesia, or medication usage, or to improve motor function. 5. Preoperative response to levodopa predicts better outcome after DBS of the STN (Level B).

Atlas-based functional radiosurgery: Early results

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stancanello, J.; Romanelli, P.; Pantelis, E.; Sebastiano, F.; Modugno, N. [Politecnico di Milano, Bioengineering Department and NEARlab, Milano, 20133 (Italy) and Siemens AG, Research and Clinical Collaborations, Erlangen, 91052 (Germany); Functional Neurosurgery Deptartment, Neuromed IRCCS, Pozzilli, 86077 (Italy); CyberKnife Center, Iatropolis, Athens, 15231 (Greece); Functional Neurosurgery Deptartment, Neuromed IRCCS, Pozzilli, 86077 (Italy)

2009-02-15

Functional disorders of the brain, such as dystonia and neuropathic pain, may respond poorly to medical therapy. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) and the centromedian nucleus of the thalamus (CMN) may alleviate dystonia and neuropathic pain, respectively. A noninvasive alternative to DBS is radiosurgical ablation [internal pallidotomy (IP) and medial thalamotomy (MT)]. The main technical limitation of radiosurgery is that targets are selected only on the basis of MRI anatomy, without electrophysiological confirmation. This means that, to be feasible, image-based targeting must be highly accurate and reproducible. Here, we report on the feasibility of an atlas-based approach to targeting for functional radiosurgery. In this method, masks of the GPi, CMN, and medio-dorsal nucleus were nonrigidly registered to patients' T1-weighted MRI (T1w-MRI) and superimposed on patients' T2-weighted MRI (T2w-MRI). Radiosurgical targets were identified on the T2w-MRI registered to the planning CT by an expert functional neurosurgeon. To assess its feasibility, two patients were treated with the CyberKnife using this method of targeting; a patient with dystonia received an IP (120 Gy prescribed to the 65% isodose) and a patient with neuropathic pain received a MT (120 Gy to the 77% isodose). Six months after treatment, T2w-MRIs and contrast-enhanced T1w-MRIs showed edematous regions around the lesions; target placements were reevaluated by DW-MRIs. At 12 months post-treatment steroids for radiation-induced edema and medications for dystonia and neuropathic pain were suppressed. Both patients experienced significant relief from pain and dystonia-related problems. Fifteen months after treatment edema had disappeared. Thus, this work shows promising feasibility of atlas-based functional radiosurgery to improve patient condition. Further investigations are indicated for optimizing treatment dose.

Importancia do conjugado arteria carotida interna-seio cavernoso

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Milton Baggio Moreira

1977-12-01

Full Text Available O autor considera necessário o conjugado anatômico artério-venoso representado pela artéria carótida interna e seio cavernoso, bem como o plexo venoso carotídeo que reveste a carótida interna dentro do canal carotídeo da porção petrosa do osso temporal. Julga que, além de proteger a parede vascular arterial nas hipertensões arteriais súbitas, possa contribuir no mecanismo de controle e regulação do fluxo sanguíneo carotídeo, por considerar diferentes as condições fisiológicas do seio cavernoso em relação aos demais seios venosos durais e o sistema venoso endocraniano; consequente de sua constituição cavernosa, diferente dos demais canais sanguíneos venosos, com fisiollogia venosa própria e funções diferentes. Procura assemelhá-los aos demais distritos do organismo em que existem plexos cavernosos nos quais a tensão venosa chega a grandes proporções, comparada às demais regiões em que não existe esta constituição morfológica. Estabelece a correlação resultante ao mecanismo de resistência cérebro-vascular do qual considera participar, diferindo dos demais seios durais conjugado artéria carotida-beio cavernoso e veias encefálicas. Ainda valoriza o sifão carotídeo fisiologicamente e julga que o mesmo participa da hemodinâmica quando o paciente se encontra caído (em plano horizontal com hipotensão arterial, favorecendo a chegada sanguínea ao cérebro, evitando a anóxia e descerebração consequente dentro de determinados limites, sendo mais um meio de defesa do organismo.

Distribuição espacial das internações hospitalares de idosos nas cinco regiões do Brasil

OpenAIRE

Freitas, Denise Cuoghi Carvalho Veríssimo; Oliveira Friestino, Jane Kelly; Fontenele Pimenta, Marta Eugênia; Ferreira, José Ferdinando Ramos

2016-01-01

O presente estudo analisa os dados de registros de internações hospitalares de sujeitos com 60 anos e mais no Brasil e sua respectiva distribuição espacial nas cinco regiões do país. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, que utiliza dados secundários e retrospectivos referentes às internações hospitalares registrados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde no ano de 2013. Os dados foram obtidos em pesquisa por regiões na base nacional do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde e do ...

A crise interna do México e a Gripe Suína

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Pedro dos Santos de Borba

2009-05-01

Full Text Available

Desgoverno econômico e narcotráfico põem

em questão a institucionalidade do Estado Mexicano,

enquanto a Gripe Suína alardeia a crise interna.

Sentido y alcance de las investigaciones internas en la empresa

OpenAIRE

Montiel, Juan Pablo

2013-01-01

En un contexto de notable expansión del fenómeno del "criminal compliance" en el plano práctico y científico, las investigaciones internas aparecen llamativamente como uno de los temas menos trabajados. Sin embargo, el interés de la doctrina ha crecido notablemente en los últimos años como consecuencia de su potencial relevancia en la atenuación y exclusión de la responsabilidad penal. La presente contribución acerca una introducción general en la que se delimitan conceptualmente las investig...

Plasma formation and first OH experiments in GLOBUS-M tokamak

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gusev, V.K.; Aleksandrov, S.V.; Burtseva, T.A.

2001-01-01

The paper reports results of experimental campaigns on plasma ohmic heating, performed during 1999-2000 on the spherical tokamak Globus-M. Later experimental results with tokamak fed by thyristor rectifiers are presented in detail. The toroidal magnetic field and plasma pulse duration in these experiments were significantly increased. The method of stray magnetic field compensation is described. The technology of vacuum vessel conditioning, including boronization of the vessel performed at the end of the experiments, is briefly discussed. Also discussed is the influence of ECR preioniziation on the breakdown conditions. Experimental data on plasma column formation and current ramp-up in different regimes of operation with the magnetic flux of the central solenoid (CS) limited to ∼100 mVs are presented. Ramp-up of the plasma current of 0.25 MA for the time interval ∼0.03 s with about 0.02 s flat-top at the toroidal field (TF) strength of 0.35 T allows the conclusion that power supplies, control system and wall conditioning work well. The same conclusion can be drawn from observation of plasma density behavior the density is completely controlled with external gas puff and the influence of the wall is negligible after boronization. The magnetic flux consumption efficiency is discussed. The results of magnetic equilibrium simulations are presented and compared with experiment. (author)

Radiographic imaging of otitis media and interna in pigs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harlizius, J.; Kluczniok, C.; Bollwahn, W.

1997-01-01

Middle and inner ear infections have been reported as a clinical entity in swine, other animal species and humans. In pigs, the anatomical-pathological and microbiological findings have been described. In this report, we describe radiographic findings in affected pigs. A total of 25 pigs with a head tilt and circling, as clinical signs of otitis media and interna, were examined. The majority were weaner-pigs with dyspnea or rhinitis. In radiographs, there was an increased opacity of the bulla tympanica, often accompanied by marginal destruction or thickening of the bulla wall. The radiographic findings confirmed the clinical diagnosis in each affected pig, but there were 5 false positive interpretations

Estimadores de consistencia interna en las investigaciones en salud: el uso del coeficiente alfa

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Franciele Cascaes da Silva

Full Text Available La producción académica ha aumentado en el área de la salud, exigiendo cada vez más calidad en las publicaciones de gran impacto. Una de las formas de considerar la calidad es por medio de procedimientos que aumentan la consistencia del análisis de los datos, como la confiabilidad, que dependiendo del tipo de datos, puede ser evaluada por diferentes coeficientes, en especial el coeficiente alfa. Basados en lo anterior, la presente revisión reúne sistemáticamente artículos científicos producidos en los últimos cinco años, que de manera metodológica hicieron uso psicométrico del coeficiente α como un estimador de consistencia interna y de confiabilidad en procesos de construcción, adaptación y validación de instrumentos. La identificación de los estudios fue realizada sistemáticamente en las bases de datos Biomed Central Journals, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Medline via Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus, Journals@Ovid, BMJ y Springer por medio del Portal de Periódicos CAPES, utilizando criterios de inclusión y exclusión. El análisis de los datos fue realizado por medio de triangulación, análisis de contenido y análisis descriptivo. Se obtuvo que la mayoría de los estudios fueron realizados principalmente en Irán (f=3, España (f=2 y Brasil (f=2, estos estudios tuvieron como objetivo testar las propiedades psicométricas de instrumentos, siendo que ocho estudios utilizaron el coeficiente α para evaluar la confiabilidad y nueve para evaluar la consistencia interna. Todos los estudios fueron clasificados como investigaciones metodológicas al analizar sus objetivos. Adicionalmente, cuatro estudios también fueron clasificados como correlacionales y uno como descriptivo-correlacional. Se puede concluir que a pesar de que el coeficiente α es ampliamente utilizado como uno de los principales parámetros para la evaluación de consistencia interna de instrumentos de medición del tipo cuestionario en el �

Curva de estimativa das internações hospitalares nas regiões metropolitanas brasileiras: um estudo de série histórica

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Graziella Denúbila Gomes

2012-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as variações temporais na distribuição das internações hospitalares realizadas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS em todas as Regiões Metropolitanas brasileiras entre os anos de 1995 e 2006. Trata-se de estudo ecológico de série histórica com dados secundários referentes às 36 regiões metropolitanas brasileiras. Realizou-se a análise descritiva dos dados, correlação de Spearman e curva de estimativa. Os resultados indicam que o Teste F foi significativo em ordem decrescente para os modelos linear (p=0,001, quadrático (p=0,002 e cúbico (p=0,004. Por outro lado, os valores de R2 apresentaram ordem crescente de valores – 0,277; 0,307 e 0,338, respectivamente. O modelo cúbico mostrou que o percentual médio de internações hospitalares em 2006 apresentou tendência de queda quando comparado ao percentual médio de internações no ano de 1995. Conclui-se que o percentual de internações hospitalares realizadas no SUS nas regiões metropolitanas brasileiras decresceu durante o período analisado.

Production and characterization of a new antibacterial peptide obtained from Aeribacillus pallidus SAT4

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Syed Aun Muhammad

2015-12-01

Full Text Available A novel thermophilic bacterial strain of the genus Aeribacillus was isolated from Thar Dessert Pakistan. This strain showed significant antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strain coded as ‘SAT4’ resembled with Aeribacillus pallidus in the morphological, biochemical and molecular tests. The production of antibacterial metabolites by SAT4 was optimized. These active metabolites were precipitated by 50% ammonium sulphate and purified through sephadex G-75 gel permeation chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. The molecular weight of 37 kDa was examined by SDS-PAGE. The structural elucidation of the purified product was studied by FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR. The X-ray diffractions study showed that the crystals belonged to the primitive orthorhombic lattice (a = 12.137, b = 13.421, c = 14.097 Å and 3D structure (proposed name: Aeritracin was determined. This new peptide antibacterial molecule can get a position in pharmaceutical and biotechnological industrial research.

Medida Socioeducativa de Internação: dos Corpos Dóceis às Vidas Nuas

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Andrea Cristina Coelho Scisleski

Full Text Available O presente artigo tem como objetivo a problematização dos modos pelos quais a tecnologia disciplinar, presente nas medidas socioeducativas de internação direcionadas aos jovens em conflito com a lei, vem sendo operacionalizada. Tomamos como fio condutor as reflexões de Michel Foucault e Giorgio Agamben para problematizar a vida enquanto objeto político a ser governado para determinado fim e que sofre intervenções não apenas para seu fortalecimento, mas que levam à desproteção jurídica e à morte política, ou mesmo biológica. A investigação se desenvolveu em três momentos metodológicos: oitiva de audiências na Vara da Infância e da Juventude, visita a uma unidade educacional de internação e leitura de processos jurídicos e das normativas legais voltadas para a população em questão. Assim, por meio do que encontramos na pesquisa, entende-se que a tecnologia disciplinar, do modo que vem sendo utilizada nas medidas socioeducativas de internação, assemelha-se mais a um dispositivo de controle com o objetivo meramente de docilizá-los, reduzindo o sujeito à vida nua; isto é, como mero corpo biológico que sofre efeitos de uma ação, do que propriamente um método socioeducativo como estabelecem o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente e o Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo.

Circuits regulating pleasure and happiness:the evolution of reward-seeking and misery-fleeing behavioral mechanisms in vertebrates

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Anton J.M. Loonen

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The very first free-moving animals in the oceans over 540 million years ago must have been able to obtain food, territory and shelter, as well as reproduce. Therefore, they would have needed regulatory mechanisms to induce movements enabling achievement of these prerequisites for survival. It can be useful to consider these mechanisms in primitive chordates, which represent our earliest ancestors, to develop hypotheses addressing how these essential parts of human behavior are regulated and relate to more sophisticated behavioral manifestations such as mood. An animal comparable to lampreys was the earliest known vertebrate with a modern forebrain consisting of old and new cortical parts. Lampreys have a separate dorsal pallium, the forerunner of the most recently developed part of the cerebral cortex. In addition, the lamprey extrapyramidal system, which regulates movement, is modern. However, in lampreys and their putative forerunners, the hagfishes, the striatum, which is the input part of this extrapyramidal system, probably corresponds to the human centromedial amygdala, which in higher vertebrates is part of a system mediating fear and anxiety. Both animals have well-developed nuclear habenulae, which are involved in several critical behaviors; in lampreys this system regulates the reward system that reinforces appetitive-seeking behavior or the avoidance system that reinforces flight behavior resulting from negative inputs. Lampreys also have a distinct glutamatergic nucleus, the so-called habenula-projection globus pallidus, which receives input from glutamatergic and GABAergic signals and gives output to the lateral habenula. Via this route, this nucleus influences midbrain monoaminergic nuclei and regulates the food acquisition system. These various structures involved in motor regulation in the lampreys may be conserved in humans and include two complementary mechanisms for reward reinforcement and avoidance behaviors. The first

Sustained effects of ecstasy on the human brain: a prospective neuroimaging study in novel users.

Science.gov (United States)

de Win, Maartje M L; Jager, Gerry; Booij, Jan; Reneman, Liesbeth; Schilt, Thelma; Lavini, Cristina; Olabarriaga, Sílvia D; den Heeten, Gerard J; van den Brink, Wim

2008-11-01

Previous studies have suggested toxic effects of recreational ecstasy use on the serotonin system of the brain. However, it cannot be excluded that observed differences between users and non-users are the cause rather than the consequence of ecstasy use. As part of the Netherlands XTC Toxicity (NeXT) study, we prospectively assessed sustained effects of ecstasy use on the brain in novel ecstasy users using repeated measurements with a combination of different neuroimaging parameters of neurotoxicity. At baseline, 188 ecstasy-naive volunteers with high probability of first ecstasy use were examined. After a mean period of 17 months follow-up, neuroimaging was repeated in 59 incident ecstasy users and 56 matched persistent ecstasy-naives and their outcomes were compared. Neuroimaging included [(123)I]beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane (CIT) SPECT to measure serotonin transporter densities as indicators of serotonergic function; (1)H-MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) to measure brain metabolites as indicators of neuronal damage; diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure the apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the diffusional motion of water molecules in the brain as indicators of axonal integrity; and perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) to measure regional relative cerebral blood volume (rrCBV) which indicates brain perfusion. With this approach, both structural ((1)H-MRS and DTI) and functional ([(123)I]beta-CIT SPECT and PWI) aspects of neurotoxicity were combined. Compared to persistent ecstasy-naives, novel low-dose ecstasy users (mean 6.0, median 2.0 tablets) showed decreased rrCBV in the globus pallidus and putamen; decreased FA in thalamus and frontoparietal white matter; increased FA in globus pallidus; and increased apparent diffusion coefficient in the thalamus. No changes in serotonin transporter densities and brain metabolites were observed. These findings suggest sustained effects of ecstasy on brain microvasculature, white

Circuits regulating pleasure and happiness: the evolution of reward-seeking and misery-fleeing behavioral mechanisms in vertebrates.

Science.gov (United States)

Loonen, Anton J M; Ivanova, Svetlana A

2015-01-01

The very first free-moving animals in the oceans over 540 million years ago must have been able to obtain food, territory, and shelter, as well as reproduce. Therefore, they would have needed regulatory mechanisms to induce movements enabling achievement of these prerequisites for survival. It can be useful to consider these mechanisms in primitive chordates, which represent our earliest ancestors, to develop hypotheses addressing how these essential parts of human behavior are regulated and relate to more sophisticated behavioral manifestations such as mood. An animal comparable to lampreys was the earliest known vertebrate with a modern forebrain consisting of old and new cortical parts. Lampreys have a separate dorsal pallium, the forerunner of the most recently developed part of the cerebral cortex. In addition, the lamprey extrapyramidal system (EPS), which regulates movement, is modern. However, in lampreys and their putative forerunners, the hagfishes, the striatum, which is the input part of this EPS, probably corresponds to the human centromedial amygdala, which in higher vertebrates is part of a system mediating fear and anxiety. Both animals have well-developed nuclear habenulae, which are involved in several critical behaviors; in lampreys this system regulates the reward system that reinforces appetitive-seeking behavior or the avoidance system that reinforces flight behavior resulting from negative inputs. Lampreys also have a distinct glutamatergic nucleus, the so-called habenula-projection globus pallidus, which receives input from glutamatergic and GABAergic signals and gives output to the lateral habenula. Via this route, this nucleus influences midbrain monoaminergic nuclei and regulates the food acquisition system. These various structures involved in motor regulation in the lampreys may be conserved in humans and include two complementary mechanisms for reward reinforcement and avoidance behaviors. The first system is associated with

Biodistribution study of [I-123] ADAM in mice brain using quantitative autoradiography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin, K.J.; Yen, T.C.; Tzen, K.Y.; Ye, X.X.; Hwang, J.J.; Wey, S.P.; Ting, G.

2002-01-01

Aim: Autoradiography with radioluminography is a delicate method to characterize newly developed radiotracers and to apply them to pharmacological studies. Herein, we reported a biodistribution result of [I-123] ADAM (2-((2-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)thio)-5- iodophenylamine) in mice brain quantitatively using imaging plates. Materials and Methods: 1mCi [I-123] ADAM was injected into male ICR mice through tail veins. Brains were removed at sequential time points ranging from 0.5hr to 4hr after injection. The whole brain was cut into 14mm thick coronal sections using a cyrotome. The sections were thaw-mounted on glass plate and apposed placed on an imaging plate with filter paper standards for 24 hours. Imaging reading was done by a Fuji FLA5000 device. Regions of interest were placed on the globus pallidus, hypothalamus, substantia nigra, raphe nuclei and cerebellum corresponding to the sterotaxic atlas, and the PSL/mm 2 values were measured. The specific binding was expressed as the ratios of (targets - cerebellum) to cerebellum. Results: Autoradiography study of brain showed that the [I-123] ADAM was accumulated at serotonin transporter rich sites, including the olfactory tubercle, globus pallidus, thalamus nuclei, hypothalamus, substantia nigra, interpeduncular nucleus, amygdala and raphe nuclei. Biodistribution of [I-123] ADAM in mice brain using quantitative autoradiography method showed a high specific binding in the substantia nigra and hypothalamus and the time-activity curve peaked at 120 min post-injection. Compatible specific binding result was achieved in the region of hypothalamus as compared with previous study by other group using conventional tissue micro-dissection method (Synapse 38:403-412, 2000). However, higher specific binding was observed in certain small brain regions including substantia nigra, raphe nuclei due to improved spatial resolution of the quantitative autoradiography technique. Conclusion: Our result showed that the

[Deep brain recording and length of surgery in stereotactic and functional neurosurgery for movement disorders].

Science.gov (United States)

Teijeiro, Juan; Macías, Raúl J; Maragoto, Carlos; García, Iván; Alvarez, Mario; Quintanal, Nelson E

2014-01-01

Our objectives were to study the length of multi-unit recordings (MURs) of brain activity in 20 years of movement disorder neurosurgeries and to determine the number of times in which it was necessary for the teams using single-unit recording (SUR) to explore all the electrode tracks in the simultaneously recorded sites (SRS). This was a retrospective descriptive statistical analysis of MUR length on 4,296 tracks in 952 surgeries. The exclusion criteria were: tracks with fewer than 5 recorded signals, tracks that had a signal length different from the habitual 2s, or there being unusual situations not related to the MUR, as well as the first 20 surgeries of each surgical target. This yielded a total of 3,448 tracks in 805 surgeries. We also determined the number of the total 952 surgeries in which all the tracks in the SURs of the SRS were explored. The mean and its confidence interval (P=.05) of time per MUR track were 5.49±0.16min in subthalamic nucleus surgery, 8.82±0.24min in the medial or internal globus pallidus) and 18.51±1.31min in the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus. For the total sum of tracks per surgery, in 75% of cases the total time was less than 39min in subthalamic nucleus, almost 42min in the medial or internal globus pallidus and less than 1h and 17min in ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus. All the tracks in the SUR SRS were explored in only 4.2% of the surgeries. The impact of MUR on surgical time is acceptable for this guide in objective localization for surgical targets, without having to use several simultaneous electrodes (not all indispensable in most of the cases). Consequently, there is less risk for the patient. Copyright © 2013 Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Imaging dopamine D3 receptors in the human brain with positron emission tomography, [11C]PHNO, and a selective D3 receptor antagonist.

Science.gov (United States)

Searle, Graham; Beaver, John D; Comley, Robert A; Bani, Massimo; Tziortzi, Andri; Slifstein, Mark; Mugnaini, Manolo; Griffante, Cristiana; Wilson, Alan A; Merlo-Pich, Emilio; Houle, Sylvain; Gunn, Roger; Rabiner, Eugenii A; Laruelle, Marc

2010-08-15

Dopamine D(3) receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric conditions. [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO is a radiolabeled D(2) and D(3) agonist, suitable for imaging the agonist binding sites (denoted D(2HIGH) and D(3)) of these receptors with positron emission tomography (PET). PET studies in nonhuman primates documented that, in vivo, [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO displays a relative selectivity for D(3) compared with D(2HIGH) receptor sites and that the [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO signal is enriched in D(3) contribution compared with conventional ligands such as [(11)C] raclopride. To define the D(3) contribution (f(PHNO)(D3)) to [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO binding potential (BP(ND)) in healthy humans, 52 PET scans were obtained in 19 healthy volunteers at baseline and following oral administration of various doses of the selective D(3) receptor antagonist, GSK598809. The impact of GSK598809 on [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO was regionally selective. In dorsal regions of the striatum, GSK598809 did not significantly affect [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO BP(ND) (f(PHNO)(D3) approximately 0%). Conversely, in the substantia nigra, GSK598809 dose-dependently reduced [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO binding to nonspecific level (f(PHNO)(D3) approximately 100%). In ventral striatum (VST), globus pallidus and thalamus (THA), [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO BP(ND) was attributable to a combination of D(2HIGH) and D(3) receptor sites, with f(PHNO)(D3) of 26%, 67% and 46%, respectively. D(3) receptor binding potential (BP(ND)(D3)) was highest in globus pallidus (1.90) and substantial nigra (1.39), with lower levels in VST (.77) and THA (.18) and negligible levels in dorsal striatum. This study elucidated the pharmacologic nature of the [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO signal in healthy subjects and provided the first quantification of D(3) receptor availability with PET in the living human brain. Copyright 2010 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

GeoDataspaces: Simplifying Data Management Tasks with Globus

Science.gov (United States)

Malik, T.; Chard, K.; Tchoua, R. B.; Foster, I.

2014-12-01

Data and its management are central to modern scientific enterprise. Typically, geoscientists rely on observations and model output data from several disparate sources (file systems, RDBMS, spreadsheets, remote data sources). Integrated data management solutions that provide intuitive semantics and uniform interfaces, irrespective of the kind of data source are, however, lacking. Consequently, geoscientists are left to conduct low-level and time-consuming data management tasks, individually, and repeatedly for discovering each data source, often resulting in errors in handling. In this talk we will describe how the EarthCube GeoDataspace project is improving this situation for seismologists, hydrologists, and space scientists by simplifying some of the existing data management tasks that arise when developing computational models. We will demonstrate a GeoDataspace, bootstrapped with "geounits", which are self-contained metadata packages that provide complete description of all data elements associated with a model run, including input/output and parameter files, model executable and any associated libraries. Geounits link raw and derived data as well as associating provenance information describing how data was derived. We will discuss challenges in establishing geounits and describe machine learning and human annotation approaches that can be used for extracting and associating ad hoc and unstructured scientific metadata hidden in binary formats with data resources and models. We will show how geounits can improve search and discoverability of data associated with model runs. To support this model, we will describe efforts related towards creating a scalable metadata catalog that helps to maintain, search and discover geounits within the Globus network of accessible endpoints. This talk will focus on the issue of creating comprehensive personal inventories of data assets for computational geoscientists, and describe a publishing mechanism, which can be used to

Análise da medida de fluxo por tempo de trânsito da artéria torácica interna direita anastomosada para a artéria interventricular anterior comparada com a artéria torácica interna esquerda

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Rodrigo Milani

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Introdução: Avaliamos por meio da medida de fluxo por tempo de trânsito o desempenho das artérias torácicas direita e esquerda quando utilizadas como enxerto para revascularização da artéria interventricular anterior. Métodos: Cinquenta pacientes submetidos à operação para revascularização do miocárdio sem circulação extracorpórea foram divididos em dois grupos. No grupo A, os pacientes receberam enxerto de artéria torácica interna direita para o ramo interventricular anterior. No grupo B, os pacientes receberam enxerto de artéria torácica interna esquerda para o mesmo ramo. Ao término da operação, o fluxo foi avaliado por meio da medida de fluxo por tempo de trânsito. Resultados: No grupo A, idade média foi de 60,6±9,49 anos. A média de peso e altura do grupo foi de 80,4±10,32 Kg e 169,2±6,86 cm. A média de pontes por paciente neste grupo foi de 3,28±1,49. O fluxo médio e a resistência distal obtidos na artéria torácica interna direita foi de 42,1±23,4 ml/min e 2,8±0,9 respectivamente. No grupo B, a idade média foi de 59,8±9,7 anos. A média de peso e altura deste grupo foi de 77,7±14,2215,7 Kg e 166,0±8,2 cm. A média de pontes por paciente neste grupo foi de 3,08±0,82. O fluxo médio e a resistência distal observados neste grupo foi de 34,2±19,1ml⁄min e 2,0±0,7. Não houve óbitos nesta série. Conclusão: A artéria torácica interna direita apresentou um comportamento similar ao da artéria torácica interna esquerda quando anastomosada ao ramo interventricular anterior da coronária esquerda. Não houve diferença estatística entre a medida de fluxo obtida entre ambas as artérias.

MOÇAMBIQUE: compulsando as migrações internas e internacionais

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Gonçalves Patrício

2016-08-01

Los estudios sobre las migraciones se han llevado a cabo principalmente en el contexto Norte-Sur, como si se tratara de un movimiento unidireccional, cuando la realidad muestra que estos flujos se producen también en el plano horizontal, es decir, dentro de las regiones del Sur, como se puede observar en el continente africano. Mediante este artículo se pretende hacer una reflexión sobre las migraciones internas e internacionales, en lo cual hacemos hincapié la entrada de extranjeros sea en forma regular e principalmente irregular cada vez más pronunciada en Mozambique. El procedimiento de recolección y procesamiento de datos fueron basados principalmente en la investigación bibliográfica, revisión de documentos y el análisis de los datos estadísticos disponibles sobre la migración en Mozambique. Los resultados de la investigación sugieren que la migración y la movilidad en Mozambique varían según la ubicación, perfil histórico, económico y ambiental de las regiones. Continúa la tendencia de la migración a los países vecinos, especialmente a Sudáfrica, al mismo tiempo que se observa la entrada de inmigrantes de diversas partes del mundo, provenientes en su mayoría de países africanos, que atraídos por la relativa estabilidad socioeconómica y política del país, buscan seguridad y mejores condiciones de vida. Palabras clave: Mozambique; Inmigrantes; Migraciones Internas; Migraciones Internacionales.

Trombose da artéria carótida interna devida a trauma penetrante no pálato mole: relato de caso

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BORGES GUILHERME

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Descrevemos caso de trauma penetrante na região oral em criança, evoluindo com oclusão da artéria carótida interna e déficit neurológico correspondente. A tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância nuclear magnética demonstram a oclusão completa da artéria carótida interna. Enfatizamos esta rara complicação de trauma oral, comum em crianças e discutimos os aspectos patogênicos.

Análisis del comportamiento elasto-plástico de grietas internas presurizadas en uniones soldadas de tubos de acero bajo carbono

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Martín Julián Fernández Cueto

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Se analizó el comportamiento elasto-plástico de áreas con grietas internas planas presurizadas. El análisis se efectuó desde el metal base (uniones soldadas de tubos de acero bajo carbono sometidos a presión interna pasando por la zona afectada por el calor hasta el metal depositado. Se usó el programa comercial ANSYS 8.0 [MR] para la simulación en tres dimensiones de modelos geométricos de tubos con grietas internas presurizadas. Se consideró el endurecimiento cinemático y las propiedades reales del material para cada región, mediante elementos finitos con condiciones no lineales de deformación. Se determinaron las trayectorias de fractura y se obtuvieron expresiones que permiten calcular la presión en la grieta y en el tubo. Esto conduce a la fractura de la zona agrietada.

Twiddler's syndrome in a patient with a deep brain stimulation device for generalized dystonia

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Astradsson, Arnar; Schweder, Patrick M; Joint, Carole

2011-01-01

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the technique of neurostimulation of deep brain structures for the treatment of conditions such as essential tremor, dystonia, Parkinson's disease and chronic pain syndromes. The procedure uses implanted deep brain stimulation electrodes connected to extension leads...... and an implantable pulse generator (IPG). Hardware failure related to the DBS procedure is not infrequent, and includes electrode migration and disconnection. We describe a patient who received bilateral globus pallidus internus DBS for dystonia with initially good clinical response, but the device eventually failed....... Radiographs showed multiple twisting of the extension leads with disconnection from the brain electrodes and a diagnosis of Twiddler's syndrome was made. Twiddler's syndrome was first described in patients with cardiac pacemakers. Patients with mental disability, elderly and obese patients are at increased...

Renal Failure in Dementia with Lewy Bodies Presenting as Catatonia

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Robert Fekete

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Catatonia, originally described by Karl Kahlbaum in 1874, may be regarded as a set of clinical features found in a subtype of schizophrenia, but the syndrome may also stem from organic causes including vascular parkinsonism, brain masses, globus pallidus lesions, metabolic derangements, and pharmacologic agents, especially first generation antipsychotics. Catatonia may include paratonia, waxy flexibility (cerea flexibilitas, stupor, mutism, echolalia, and catalepsy (abnormal posturing. A case of catatonia as a result of acute renal failure in a patient with dementia with Lewy bodies is described. This patient recovered after intravenous fluid administration and reinstitution of the atypical dopamine receptor blocking agent quetiapine, but benzodiazepines and amantadine are additional possible treatments. Recognition of organic causes of catatonia leads to timely treatment and resolution of the syndrome.

FDG-PET study of the bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation effects on the regional cerebral metabolism in advanced Parkinson disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, D.; Shen, J.; Zan, S.; Sun, B.; Zuo, C.; Guan, Y.; Zhao, Y.

2006-01-01

The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRGIu) induced by bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET data obtained before and one month after stimulation were analyzed with statistical parametric mapping (SPM). As a result of clinically effective bilateral STN stimulation, rCMRGIu increased in lateral globus pallidus (GP), upper brain stem, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and posterior parietal-occipital cortex, and decreased in the orbital frontal cortex and parahippocampus gyrus (p <0.001). We conclude that the alleviation of clinical symptoms in advanced PD by bilateral STN stimulation may be the result of activation of both ascending and descending pathways from STN and of restoration of the impaired higher-order cortex functions. (author)

Anatomia microcirúgica da substâcia perfurada anterior basal humana Microsurgical anatomy of the human basal anterior perforated substance

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Arlindo Alfredo Silveira D’Ávila

2006-06-01

Full Text Available A substância perfurada anterior constitui referencial na base do encéfalo. Localizada acima da bifurcação subaracnóidea da artéria carótida interna em sua porção basal e junto à artéria comunicante anterior na face inter-hemisférica, é transfixada por ramos perfurantes dirigidos aos núcleos telencefálicos corticais, cápsula interna e parte do tálamo. Por injeção intravascular de gelatina carminada, resina de Batson e látex, analisamos 50 hemisférios cerebrais humanos adultos de ambos os sexos, sob o microscópio cirúrgico. Objetivamos contribuir para a determinação da origem, número e topografia dos ramos destinados a essa região, seu curso, anastomoses e territórios de penetração. Propusemo-nos também a analisar a contribuição da artéria comunicante anterior à substância perfurada anterior. Foram encontradas variações anatômicas, incluindo anastomoses, envolvendo principalmente a artéria cerebral média e a artéria coróidea anterior. Estes conhecimentos são de interesse clínico-cirúrgico em razão da freqüência de patologias vasculares e tumorais a ela relacionadas.The anterior perforated substance (APS is a landmark in the basal forebrain. It has a basal face located above the carotid bifurcation in the subarachnoid space, and an interhemispheric one. It is the site of passage of the arteries to the caudate nucleus, putamen, internal capsule, adjacent areas of the globus pallidus and thalamus. Fifty hemispheres from twenty-five adult cadavers were obtained. The arteries were perfused with colored latex, Batson’s resin and gelatin colored with carmine. Using a surgical microscope we have determined the origin, local and number of origin from the parent vessel. The sites of penetration in the mediolateral and anteroposterior direction were also recorded. The anterior communicating artery contribution to the basal APS was reviewed. Significant vascular variations and anastomoses were encountered

Propuesta de salvaguardas para la independencia de la función de auditoría interna

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Aurora V. Perez Lopez

2014-04-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación tiene por objetivo proponer un conjunto de salvaguardas que sirva de referencia a auditores internos y entidades, con el fin de garantizar la existencia de independencia en la función de auditoría interna. Para conseguir este objetivo se aplicó el método Delphi. Los principales resultados obtenidos evidencian que no existen opiniones diferentes por grupos de expertos sobre la importancia de las salvaguardas, pudiéndose proponer un uniforme conjunto de salvaguardas, con la excepción de la externalización de la función de auditoría interna, la cual, según el grupo de auditores internos, es considerada como la menos importante. La independencia sobre las actividades y los sistemas de control interno es la salvaguarda considerada de forma unánime como la más importante.

La democracia interna en los partidos políticos españoles: el caso del Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE

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Gema Sánchez Medero

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Se habla mucho de la democracia interna en los partidos políticos, es más, en el art. 6 de la Constitución española, sostiene que la estructura interna y funcionamiento de los partidos deberán ser democráticos. Pero habría que preguntarse hasta qué punto se cumple este precepto realmente. De ahí, que este artículo tiene como propósito analizar el grado de democracia interna del que parecen disfrutar los militantes del PSOE. Por eso, hemos estudiado la capacidad que tienen los afiliados para intervenir y participar en todos aquellos espacios en los que se toman decisiones relevantes para la organización. De manera que podremos averiguar si los militantes pueden participar verdaderamente a la hora de determinar el rumbo y acción de su partido, o si incluso, podrían llegar a variar las decisiones que se adoptan en los órganos ejecutivos del mismo.

Comunicación interna incluyente: dos estudios de caso de inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad auditiva en Bogotá

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Sandra Meléndez-Labrador

2015-05-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación da cuenta de la manera como puede influir la gestión de la comunicación interna en procesos de inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad auditiva a partir de dos estudios de caso en Bogotá: Carrefour y McDonald's. Este estudio cualitativo de corte interpretativo se realizó a través de observación y entrevistas semiestructuradas, encontrando que tal influencia se ejerce desde los siguientes aspectos: 1 importancia de la comunicación interna en la empresa, 2 lenguaje y discurso, 3 formas de comunicar e informar, 4 imagen y motivación y 5 participación e interacción. Se concluye que la comunicación interna puede eliminar o perpetuar barreras generales y específicas de la comunicación organizacional, siguiendo a Margarida K. Kunsch (2003, en los procesos de inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad auditiva.

Comunicación interna incluyente. Dos estudios de caso de inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad auditiva en Bogotá

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Sandra Meléndez Labrador

2016-06-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación da cuenta de la manera como puede influir la gestión de la comunicación interna en procesos de inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad auditiva a partir de dos estudios de caso en Bogotá: Carrefour y McDonald’s. Este estudio cualitativo de corte interpretativo se realizó a través de observación y entrevistas semiestructurada y encontró que tal influencia se ejerce desde los siguientes aspectos: 1 importancia de la comunicación interna en la empresa, 2 lenguaje y discurso, 3 formas de comunicar e informar, 4 imagen y motivación y 5 participación e interacción. Se concluye que la comunicación interna puede eliminar o perpetuar barreras generales y específicas de la comunicación organizacional, en los procesos de inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad auditiva.

Transcriptome comparisons identify new cell markers for theca interna and granulosa cells from small and large antral ovarian follicles.

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Nicholas Hatzirodos

Full Text Available In studies using isolated ovarian granulosa and thecal cells it is important to assess the degree of cross contamination. Marker genes commonly used for granulosa cells include FSHR, CYP19A1 and AMH while CYP17A1 and INSL3 are used for thecal cells. To increase the number of marker genes available we compared expression microarray data from isolated theca interna with that from granulosa cells of bovine small (n = 10 for both theca and granulosa cells; 3-5 mm and large (n = 4 for both theca and granulosa cells, > 9 mm antral follicles. Validation was conducted by qRT-PCR analyses. Known markers such as CYP19A1, FSHR and NR5A2 and another 11 genes (LOC404103, MGARP, GLDC, CHST8, CSN2, GPX3, SLC35G1, CA8, CLGN, FAM78A, SLC16A3 were common to the lists of the 50 most up regulated genes in granulosa cells from both follicle sizes. The expression in theca interna was more consistent than in granulosa cells between the two follicle sizes. Many genes up regulated in theca interna were common to both sizes of follicles (MGP, DCN, ASPN, ALDH1A1, COL1A2, FN1, COL3A1, OGN, APOD, COL5A2, IGF2, NID1, LHFP, ACTA2, DUSP12, ACTG2, SPARCL1, FILIP1L, EGFLAM, ADAMDEC1, HPGD, COL12A1, FBLN5, RAMP2, COL15A1, PLK2, COL6A3, LOXL1, RARRES1, FLI1, LAMA2. Many of these were stromal extracellular matrix genes. MGARP, GLDC, CHST8, GPX3 were identified as new potential markers for granulosa cells, while FBLN5, OGN, RAMP2 were significantly elevated in the theca interna.

La auditoria interna en la optimización del gobierno corporativo a nivel de una empresa de producción de biocombustibles

OpenAIRE

Prado Palomino, Jorge Luis

2008-01-01

En la tesis, se planteó como objetivo, determinar si la auditoria interna influye en la optimización del gobierno corporativo en las empresas de producción de biocombustibles, determinándose como resultado del trabajo de campo, que el grado de independencia, objetividad, servicios de aseguramiento y consultoría por parte de Auditoria Interna incide en el logro de mayor grado de coordinación entre los intereses de los individuos, las empresas y la sociedad; que mediante el aseguramiento influy...

Padrão temporal das internações e óbitos por diarréia em crianças, 1995 a 1998, Rio de Janeiro

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Pauline Lorena Kale

2004-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar o padrão temporal dos óbitos e internações, no período de 1995 a 1998, associadas à diarréia em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade para subsidiar ações específicas de prevenção e controle dessa doença. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM e Sistema de Internações Hospitalares (SIH do Ministério da Saúde. As séries mensais de internações e de óbitos por diarréia foram decompostas em componentes de tendência linear estocástica, sazonalidade determinística e irregularidades mediante a aplicação dos modelos estruturais para análise de séries temporais. RESULTADOS: Os níveis de ambas as séries apresentaram mudanças ao longo do tempo, com declínio mais perceptível na série de internações. A variação das taxas de inclinação foi constante para cada uma das séries, em média, a menos 5,3 internações por mês (p-valor <0,001 e menos um óbito por mês (p-valor <0,1, respectivamente. Na análise dos resíduos do modelo de internações, observou-se mudança no nível da tendência em janeiro de 1996. O componente sazonal de ambos os modelos foi estatisticamente significante (p-valor <0,0001, sendo maio e junho os meses com maior excesso de internações e óbitos. Os pressupostos de normalidade e de independência temporal dos resíduos não puderam ser rejeitados ao nível de 0,05. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem a predominância da etiologia viral das diarréias moderadas e graves. Neste caso, a vacinação específica é a medida mais eficaz na prevenção e controle, sendo necessários estudos de eficácia de novas candidatas à vacina contra o rotavírus no Brasil.

Padrão temporal das internações e óbitos por diarréia em crianças, 1995 a 1998, Rio de Janeiro

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Kale Pauline Lorena

2004-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar o padrão temporal dos óbitos e internações, no período de 1995 a 1998, associadas à diarréia em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade para subsidiar ações específicas de prevenção e controle dessa doença. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM e Sistema de Internações Hospitalares (SIH do Ministério da Saúde. As séries mensais de internações e de óbitos por diarréia foram decompostas em componentes de tendência linear estocástica, sazonalidade determinística e irregularidades mediante a aplicação dos modelos estruturais para análise de séries temporais. RESULTADOS: Os níveis de ambas as séries apresentaram mudanças ao longo do tempo, com declínio mais perceptível na série de internações. A variação das taxas de inclinação foi constante para cada uma das séries, em média, a menos 5,3 internações por mês (p-valor <0,001 e menos um óbito por mês (p-valor <0,1, respectivamente. Na análise dos resíduos do modelo de internações, observou-se mudança no nível da tendência em janeiro de 1996. O componente sazonal de ambos os modelos foi estatisticamente significante (p-valor <0,0001, sendo maio e junho os meses com maior excesso de internações e óbitos. Os pressupostos de normalidade e de independência temporal dos resíduos não puderam ser rejeitados ao nível de 0,05. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem a predominância da etiologia viral das diarréias moderadas e graves. Neste caso, a vacinação específica é a medida mais eficaz na prevenção e controle, sendo necessários estudos de eficácia de novas candidatas à vacina contra o rotavírus no Brasil.

Environmental pollutants and stroke-related hospital admissions Poluentes ambientais e internações devido a acidente vasculoencéfalico

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Luiz Fernando Costa Nascimento

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Some effects of environmental pollution on human health are known, especially those affecting the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The current study aimed to estimate these effects on the production of hospital admissions for stroke. This was an ecological study using hospital admissions data in São José dos Campos, São Paulo State, Brazil, with diagnosis of stroke, from January 1, 2007, to April 30, 2008. The target pollutants were particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. Use of a Poisson linear regression model showed that same-day exposure to particulate matter was associated with hospitalization for stroke (RR = 1.013; 95%CI: 1.001-1.025. An increase of 10µg/m³ in this pollutant increased the risk of hospitalization by 12% (RR = 1.137; 95%CI: 1.014-1.276. In the multi-pollutant model, it was thus possible to identify particulate matter as associated with hospitalization for stroke in a medium-sized city like São José dos Campos.Alguns dos efeitos da poluição ambiental na saúde humana são conhecidos, destacando aqueles nos sistemas respiratório e cardiovascular. Este trabalho tem por objetivo estimar esses efeitos na gênese das internações por acidente vasculoencefálico. Foi um estudo ecológico realizado com dados de internações da cidade de São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil, relativos aos diagnósticos de acidente vascular cerebral, entre 1º de janeiro de 2007 e 30 de abril de 2008. Os poluentes estudados foram material particulado, dióxido de enxofre e ozônio. Utilizando-se de modelo linear generalizado da regressão de Poisson, foi possível identificar exposição ao material particulado, no mesmo dia, como associado à internação por acidente vasculoencefálico (RR = 1,013; IC95%: 1,001-1,025. O aumento de 10µg/m3 desse poluente aumenta o risco de internação em 12% (RR = 1,137; IC95%: 1,014-1,276. Assim, foi possível identificar o material particulado, no modelo multipoluente, como

Medidas da rotação interna glenoumeral em tenistas e em nadadores assintomáticos comparados com um grupo-controle

OpenAIRE

Renato Rangel Torres

2008-01-01

Introdução: O déficit de rotação interna glenoumeral, freqüentemente observado em praticantes de esportes que envolvem movimentos repetidos do membro superior sobre a cabeça, tem sido associado ao surgimento de lesões secundárias no ombro. Objetivos: Medir e comparar a amplitude de rotação interna glenoumeral em praticantes assintomáticos de tênis e natação, esportes com características diferentes, mas que envolvem esse tipo de movimento. Métodos: 54 voluntários assintomáticos do sexo masculi...

Algunas paradojas en la enseñanza actual de la medicina interna en Argentina

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D. Outomuro

Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como propósito reflexionar sobre algunas circunstancias que, en Argentina, contribuyen a la crisis de la educación médica y al descontento tanto de pacientes como de profesionales. El centro de atención es la medicina interna. Del análisis surgen algunas paradojas vinculadas con la actual formación de grado y posgrado. Si bien el primer nivel de atención de la salud, en el marco de la atención primaria, puede resolver el 80% de los problemas de salud de la población, la enseñanza de la medicina interna continúa realizándose sobre el paciente hospitalizado. Esto afecta a la forma en que se practica la medicina, pues se privilegia la tecnología en el diagnóstico y tratamiento sobre la prevención de las enfermedades y la promoción de la salud. Las causas de este panorama son varias, destacando el poco tiempo dedicado a la educación en el ámbito del consultorio con pacientes ambulatorios.

Validez de constructo interna y externa del AGQ y PTEGQ en español

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Francisco Ruiz-Juan

2015-05-01

Full Text Available El objetivo es analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Achievement Goals Questionnaire (AGQ y el Perceptions of Teacher's Emphasis on Goals Questionnaire (PTEGQ en español, para determinar la fiabilidad, la validez de constructo interna, así como la validez externa partiendo de la hipótesis de que metas de logro y clima motivacional percibido en Educación Física pueden predecir la motivación y la satisfacción intrínseca en los sujetos que realizan actividad físico-deportiva de tiempo libre. Los análisis psicométricos confirman las cuatro dimensiones que se hipotetizan desde el modelo teórico original. Se ha demostrado la validez estructural apoyando la hipótesis de que están basados en el principio de compatibilidad. También ha quedado demostrada su validez de constructo interna, así como la validez de externa ya que las metas de logro y el clima motivacional percibido en Educación Física pueden predecir la motivación y la satisfacción intrínseca en los sujetos activos. Su fiabilidad ha sido aceptable.

AUDITORIA INTERNA: SUA IMPORTÂNCIA NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES EMPRESARIAIS NO ÂMBITO COMPETITIVO

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Erica Aparecida Hott

2017-03-01

Full Text Available A auditoria interna passou a ser um instrumento de amplo controle para os gestores, através de atividades que auxilia a administração como meio de identificar que os processos internos e políticas definidos pela companhia, assim como sistemas contábeis e de controle interno, estão sendo efetivamente seguidos e que as transações realizadas estão refletidas contabilmente em concordância com os critérios definidos previamente, permitindo-lhes exercer com segurança o processo decisório sobre as importantes transações empresariais, sendo um diferencial no meio competitivo. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo apresentar a importância da auditoria interna dentro do âmbito organizacional nos dias atuais. Utilizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, com base em estudos publicados que abordam o tema central deste estud. Conclui-se que a organização que investir na contratação do auditor interno terá mais chances de se alavancar no mercado competitivo diante dos avanços econômicos.

Crear y Definir las Condiciones de Funcionamiento de la Unidad de Auditoría Interna para Mejorar La Gestión Administrativa y de Servicios de Imbauto S.A.

OpenAIRE

Valenzuela, Fernando

2009-01-01

El presente trabajo de investigación para “Crear y definir las condiciones de funcionamiento de la Unidad de Auditoría Interna para mejorar la gestión administrativa y de servicios de IMBAUTO S.A.” se realizó con la colaboración de los señores Accionistas, Funcionarios y Empleados de IMBAUTO S.A., por la necesidad de definir las condiciones de funcionamiento de la Unidad de Auditoría Interna. El problema es que IMBAUTO S. A. no tiene una Unidad de Auditoría Interna y un Manual de Auditoría In...

Hyperostosis frontalis interna, a genetic disease?: Two medieval cases from Southern Poland.

Science.gov (United States)

Glab, H; Szostek, K; Kaczanowski, K

2006-01-01

Two cases of thickening of the internal tables of the frontal bones (hyperostosis frontalis interna, (HFI)) have been examined. These were two female skeletons from the 16th century Dominican Church in Raciborz (Southwest Poland). The similarity of their morphological and metrical traits indicates that they could be related, and suggests that HFI is likely to have a genetic base. These two skeletons are the subject of an analysis which may possibly throw some new light on the controversial and continually disputed nature of this illness.

AUDITORIA INTERNA: EMBASAMENTO CONCEITUAL E SUPORTE TECNOLÓGICO

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Maria Goreth Miranda Almeida Paula

2009-09-01

Full Text Available O contexto competitivo mundial tem impulsionado as entidades a se enquadrarem em um universo de evolução tecnológica, onde o tempo e a qualidade no atendimento as demandas e na obtenção de informações são fundamentais. O crescimento das comunicações e dos negócios em âmbito internacional tornou o mundo mais dinâmico e mutável. A concorrência acirrada trouxe maior complexidade às transações, e as operações passaram a trazer maior incerteza. Competência, tecnologia e criatividade são valores indispensáveis no contexto. As questões aqui discutidas são, principalmente, fruto da inquietação quanto à forma de atuação da Auditoria Interna nesse novo contexto economico-politico-social, conseqüência da globalização.

Nivel de conocimiento sobre la especialidad de medicina interna y percepción de los usuarios sobre el rol y capacidades del médico internista

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Franco Romaní-Romaní

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La especialidad de medicina interna enfrenta muchos retos para permanecer competitiva en el sistema de salud, siendo el escaso conocimiento del público sobre la definición, capacidades y competencias de la medicina interna y del internista uno de esos retos. Objetivos: Determinar cuáles son los conocimientos y la percepción de los pacientes sobre el rol de la medicina interna y del médico internista. Diseño: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y analítico. Lugar: Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati y una clínica privada. Participantes: Pacientes adultos que visitaron los servicios de Medicina interna de los tres hospitales. Intervención: Se invitó a llenar un cuestionario anónimo y autoadministrado a los participantes entre el 1 y el 15 de septiembre de 2008. Principales medidas de resultados: Nivel de conocimiento sobre medicina interna e internista, percepción de confianza hacia el internista. Resultados: Quinientos pacientes completaron el cuestionario, 42,8% del Hospital Loayza, 40% del Hospital Rebagliati y 17,2% de una clínica privada. Solo 12,2% alcanzó un buen nivel de conocimiento. El 79% de pacientes tuvo percepción de confianza en el internista para el manejo de síntomas, 50,2% confió en la habilidad clínica del internista y 45,9% confió en el manejo de las enfermedades específicas. Conclusiones: Los pacientes no tienen una definición clara de la medicina interna y el rol del internista. La percepción de confianza es alta con respecto al manejo de los síntomas, pero disminuye al tratarse de enfermedades específicas y de las habilidades clínicas del internista. Por lo tanto, debe realizarse esfuerzos de educación pública para mejorar el entendimiento del rol del internista como especialista en medicina de adultos.

Internações hospitalares por acidentes de moto no Vale do Paraíba Hospitalization due to motorcycle accidents in the Paraíba Valley using spatial analysis

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Marcela Neves Nunes

2010-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar aglomerados de municípios com elevadas taxas de internações por acidentes de moto no Vale do Paraíba. MÉTODOS: Foi um estudo ecológico e exploratório com dados do DATASUS referentes ao período compreendido de 2001 a 2005, de 27 municípios do Vale do Paraíba paulista com uma população em torno de um milhão de habitantes. A análise espacial utilizou o programa Terraview e foram obtidos os coeficientes de Moran Global para taxa de internação e para frota de motocicleta e a correlação de Pearson para internação. Foram construídos mapas temáticos com informações sobre a distribuição espacial e do BoxMap. Os dados de internação foram abordados como taxas por 100 mil habitantes. RESULTADOS: No período de estudo foram internados 1268 pessoas, variando entre uma internação até 608 internações por município. Os coeficientes de Moran (global I = 0,34 (p = 0,02 para a taxa de internação e I = 0,42 (p = 0,012 para taxa de internação de acordo com a frota. Para a taxa de internação por acidente de moto, também houve forte correlação entre frota de moto e internação (r = 0,94. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível identificar um grande aglomerado que envolve nove municípios na região oeste do Vale do Paraíba, que localiza a residência dos internados por acidentes de moto, apontando municípios em que medidas preventivas devem ser aplicadas.OBJECTIVE: To identify clusters of municipalities with high rates of hospitalization due to motorcycle accidents in the "Vale do Paraíba". METHODS: This was an ecological study and exploratory data was obtained by DATASUS for the period 2001 to 2005 in 27 municipalities in the "Vale do Paraíba Paulista", covering a population of about one million inhabitants. The spatial analysis used the program Terraview and the Moran Global coefficients with respect to hospitalization rate and fleet of motorcycle were obtained. while the Pearson correlation was used for

Electro-acupuncture stimulation acts on the basal ganglia output pathway to ameliorate motor impairment in Parkinsonian model rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Jia, Jun; Li, Bo; Sun, Zuo-Li; Yu, Fen; Wang, Xuan; Wang, Xiao-Min

2010-04-01

The role of electro-acupuncture (EA) stimulation on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been well studied. In a rat hemiparkinsonian model induced by unilateral transection of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), EA stimulation improved motor impairment in a frequency-dependent manner. Whereas EA stimulation at a low frequency (2 Hz) had no effect, EA stimulation at a high frequency (100 Hz) significantly improved motor coordination. However, neither low nor high EA stimulation could significantly enhance dopamine levels in the striatum. EA stimulation at 100 Hz normalized the MFB lesion-induced increase in midbrain GABA content, but it had no effect on GABA content in the globus pallidus. These results suggest that high-frequency EA stimulation improves motor impairment in MFB-lesioned rats by increasing GABAergic inhibition in the output structure of the basal ganglia.

Changes in 5-HT4 receptor and 5-HT transporter binding in olfactory bulbectomized and glucocorticoid receptor heterozygous mice

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Licht, Cecilie L; Kirkegaard, Lisbeth; Zueger, Maha

2010-01-01

. The olfactory bulbectomized mice displayed increased activity in the open field test, a characteristic depression-like feature of this model. After bulbectomy, 5-HT(4) receptor binding was increased in the ventral hippocampus (12%) but unchanged in the dorsal hippocampus, frontal and caudal caudate putamen......]citalopram in two murine models of depression-related states, olfactory bulbectomy and glucocorticoid receptor heterozygous (GR(+/-)) mice. The olfactory bulbectomy model is characterized by 5-HT system changes, while the GR(+/-) mice have a deficit in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system control....... Among post hoc analyzed regions, there was a 14% decrease in 5-HT(4) receptor binding in the olfactory tubercles. The 5-HTT binding was unchanged in the hippocampus and caudate putamen of bulbectomized mice but post hoc analysis showed small decreases in lateral septum and lateral globus pallidus...

Benzodiazepine effect of 125I-iomazenil-benzodiazepine receptor binding and serum corticosterone level in a rat model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fukumitsu, Nobuyoshi; Ogi, Shigeyuki; Uchiyama, Mayuki; Mori, Yutaka

2005-01-01

To test the change in free or unoccupied benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) density in response to diazepam, we investigated 125 I-iomazenil ( 125 I-IMZ) binding and serum corticosterone levels in a rat model. Wistar male rats, which received psychological stress using a communication box for 5 days, were divided into two groups according to the amount of administered diazepam: no diazepam [D (0)] group and 10 mg/kg per day [D (10)] group of 12 rats each. The standardized uptake value (SUV) of 125 I-IMZ of the D (10) group were significantly lower (P 125 I-IMZ, it is clear that diazepam competed with endogenous ligand for the free BZR sites, and the frontal, parietal and temporal cortices, globus pallidus, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus are important areas in which 125 I-IMZ binding is strongly affected by administration of diazepam

Delayed Encephalopathy of Carbon Monoxide Intoxication and Treatment with Hyperbaric Oxygen: A Case Report

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Fatma Polat

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Delayed encephalopathy (DE is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that can arise generally within 20 days of acute carbon monoxide (CO intoxication after apparent recovery and involves variable degrees of cognitive deficits, personality changes, movement disorders and focal neurologic deficits. We report a 35-year-old female patient with delayed encephalopathy due to CO intoxication, presenting with cognitive impairment and mild parkinsonism despite receiving hyberbaric oxigen therapy (HBO. Magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormal signal intensity and decreased diffusivity at both caudate nuclei and globus pallidus. She continued to receive additional HBO therapy and complete recovery was reached within six months. The positive effect of early HBO therapy of selected patients in reversing the acute effects of CO intoxication is appearant. We here also review the beneficial effect of HBO in preventing or limitating the late neurocognitive deficits associated with severe CO intoxication

Comunicación interna hospitalaria: una aproximación desde la creatividad

OpenAIRE

Medina-Aguerrebere, P. (Pablo); Río-Pérez, J. (Jorge) del

2015-01-01

La gestión profesional de la comunicación institucional se ha convertido en una iniciativa estratégica para aquellos hospitales que desean crear una marca sólida. Para ello, la definición de la arquitectura de marca (identidad, valores, misión, visión, cultura e imagen) y su difusión entre los stakeholders internos resulta fundamental. El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre el impacto que tiene la creatividad publicitaria en las acciones de comunicación interna que realiza un hospi...

Módulo para la medición de variables en motores de combustión interna

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Flavio Humberto Fernández-Morales

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Los motores de combustión interna son ampliamente utilizados como fuentes de alimentación en lugares de difícil acceso. Usualmente estos motores, de baja y media potencia, no cuentan con la instrumentación adecuada para que el usuario pueda establecer su correcto funcionamiento en variables como: temperatura, presión de aceite y velocidad de giro. En este trabajo se describe el diseño y puesta a punto de un módulo para la medición de las anteriores variables, que puede ser empleado en motores de combustión interna de funcionamiento estacionario. Se fabricó una tarjeta de adquisición de datos basada en el PIC 16F873, al cual se adaptaron los sensores de estado sólido requeridos para la medición de las variables. Este módulo permite la visualización de las variables a medir y puede ser programado para establecer rangos de operación según el motor con el que se quiera trabajar.

Generador oxihidrógeno para motor de combustión interna

OpenAIRE

Cebrián López, Héctor

2014-01-01

La pujada de preus dels carburants per la crisi econòmica actual motiva a investigar fonts d'energia alternatives. Les fonts d'energia convencionals com els combustibles fòssils són contaminants i costoses, i l'hidrogen generat a través de l'electròlisi de l'aigua és una solució ecològica i econòmica. En aquest projecte es dissenya un generador d'oxihidrógeno i s'estudien els efectes de l'addició d'aquest gas en 2 motors de combustió interna de 2 temps i 50 cc. Els resultats indiquen que, ...

Validade de construto e consistência interna da Escala de Práticas no Lazer (EPL para adultos

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Rubian Diego Andrade

Full Text Available Resumo Este estudo propõe e analisa a validade de construto e a consistência interna da Escala de Práticas no Lazer (EPL. O instrumento busca identificar as preferências e o envolvimento em práticas nos diferentes contextos do lazer em adultos. A construção do instrumento deu-se a partir dos conteúdos culturais do lazer (artístico, manual, físico-esportivo, intelectual, social, turístico, virtual e contemplação/ócio. O processo de validação foi realizado com: a Análise de conteúdo por especialistas em lazer, que avaliaram o instrumento quanto à clareza da linguagem e pertinência prática, o que permitiu o cálculo do coeficiente de validade de conteúdo (CVC; b Reprodutibilidade em teste-reteste com 51 sujeitos para o cálculo do coeficiente de variação temporal; e c Análise de consistência interna com 885 participantes. A avaliação de conteúdo apresentou coeficientes adequados, tanto com relação à clareza da linguagem (CVCt = 0,883, quanto à pertinência prática (CVCt = 0,879. Os coeficientes de reprodutibilidade foram de moderados a excelentes. A escala apresentou adequada consistência interna (0,72. A EPL apresentou qualidade psicométrica e valores aceitáveis em sua estrutura, podendo ser utilizada para investigar o envolvimento em práticas nos diferentes conteúdos do lazer de adultos.

Capacidad administrativa como factor de eficiencia interna y global de las organizaciones

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Carlos E. Martínez Fajardo

1997-06-01

Full Text Available El concepto de eficiencia ha sido precisado y simplificado por los autores de la teoría clásica de la administración en el sentido de maximizar la producción de las organizaciones con los mínimos costos. En el presente artículo se analizará la eficiencia interna y global de las organizaciones de acuerdo con nuevos criterios adicionales que permitan estudiar el problema con un enfoque de mayor complejidad la naturaleza, fines y estructura de las organizaciones, entre ellos la incidencia del factor de este siglo denominado capacidad administrativa.

Armazenamento sob atmosfera controlada de tomates com injúria interna de impacto

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Moretti Celso Luiz

2002-01-01

Full Text Available A injúria interna de impacto causa redução significativa da qualidade de frutos de tomate. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização do armazenamento sob atmosfera controlada na redução do desenvolvimento de uma desordem de amadurecimento conhecida como injúria interna de impacto. Tomates (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, cv. Solimar, foram colhidos no estádio de amadurecimento verde-maduro e tratados com etileno, por 12 horas, a 20degreesC. Ao atingirem o estádio verde-rosado, sofreram uma queda de 40 cm de altura sobre uma superfície plana, lisa e maciça. Metade dos frutos foi então armazenada sobre atmosfera controlada (3% O2; 4% CO2; balanço com N2 por 8 dias a 20degreesC e 85-95% de umidade relativa, e então foram transferidos para atmosfera ambiente até completamente maduros. A outra metade dos frutos foi mantida continuamente em atmosfera ambiente à mesma temperatura e umidade relativa. Quando estavam completamente maduros, os frutos que sofreram injúria mecânica, armazenados sob atmosfera controlada e sob atmosfera ambiente, desenvolveram sintomas de injúria interna de impacto no tecido locular. O armazenamento sob atmosfera controlada não produziu efeitos significativos no conteúdo de vitamina C total e carotenóides totais para o pericarpo e o tecido locular injuriados. Entretanto, o tecido locular injuriado do tratamento armazenado sob atmosfera controlada possuía acidez titulável 15% superior (ao redor de 162 meq ácido cítrico. kg-1 do que o tratamento sob atmosfera ambiente (ao redor de 140 meq ácido cítrico. kg-1 e era similar ao tratamento não injuriado, armazenado em atmosfera ambiente (ao redor de 174 meq ácido cítrico. kg-1. O tecido pericárpico da região injuriada possuía atividade da poligalacturonase similar para os tratamentos armazenados sob ar ou sob atmosfera controlada. O extravasamento de eletrólitos do pericarpo injuriado foi similar para os tratamentos sob atmosfera

Age-related deposition of brain iron in normal adults: an in vivo susceptibility weighted imaging study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Qidong; Xu Xiaojun; Zhang Minming

2008-01-01

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of age on the iron concentration of the human brain. Methods: The brain iron level was evaluated in vivo in 78 healthy adult volunteers using a noninvasive magnetic resonance method termed susceptibility weighted imaging. The subjects were divided intothree groups due to different ages: young (22-35 years old, n=27), middle- aged (36-55 years old, n=35), and aged (56-78 years old, n=16). The phase values were measured on the corrected phase images in the globus pallidus, putamen, caudate, substantia nigra, red nucleus, thalamus and frontal white matter. The phase values of those regions measured from the subjects over than 30 years old were correlated with published values of brain iron concentration in normal adults to check the validity of the data. Then, the phase values of the three groups were tested for significant age-related differences using one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc testing using least significant difference (LSD) procedure. Regression analysis was used to further examine age-related effects revealed by group comparisons, and to estimate the rates of age-related changes. Results: A strong negative correlation was found between the phase values and the published values of the brain iron concentration (r=-0.796, P= 0.032), which indicated that the higher the iron deposition level, the greater the negative phase values. In the putamen (F=20.115, P<0.01) and frontal white matter (F=3.536, P=0.034), significant differences were detected in the phase values of the three age groups. Linear regression analysis showed that phase values of the putamen, frontal white matter, and red nucleus decreased with age (The regression coefficients were -0.001, -0.001, and < -0.001 respectively, and the P value were all < 0.05), which indicated that the iron concentration of those brain structures increased with age. No significant age- related changes of the iron concentration were found in the

In vivo basal ganglia volumetry through application of NURBS models to MR images

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anastasi, Giuseppe; Cutroneo, Giuseppina; Vitetta, Anton Giulio [University of Messina, Department of Biomorphology and Biotechnologies, Messina (Italy); Tomasello, Francesco; Lucerna, Sebastiano [University of Messina, Department of Neurosurgery, Messina (Italy); Bramanti, Placido; Bella, Paolo di [University of Messina, Study and Treatment Centre for Long-Stay Neurological Patients, Section of Neuroradiology, Messina (Italy); Parenti, Anna [University of Padua, Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Special Therapy, Section of Neuroradiology, Padua (Italy); Porzionato, Andrea; Caro, Raffaele de [University of Padua, Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Section of Anatomy, Padua (Italy); Macchi, Veronica [University of Padua, Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Section of Anatomy, Padua (Italy); University of Padua, Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Special Therapy, Section of Neuroradiology, Padua (Italy)

2006-05-15

Volumetry of basal ganglia (BG) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a sensitive marker in differential diagnosis of BG disorders. The non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surfaces are mathematical representations of three-dimensional structures which have recently been applied in volumetric studies. In this study, a volumetric evaluation of BG based on NURBS was performed in 35 right-handed volunteers. We aimed to compare and validate this technique with respect to manual MRI volumetry and evaluate possible side differences between these structures. Intra- and interobserver biases less than 1.5% demonstrated the method's stability. The mean percentage differences between NURBS and manual methods were less than 1% for all the structures considered; however, the internal segments of the globus pallidus showed a mean percentage difference of about 1.7%. Rightward asymmetry was found for the caudate nucleus (mean{+-}SD 3.20{+-}0.20 cm{sup 3} vs. 3.10{+-}0.19 cm{sup 3}, P<0.001) for both its head (1.44{+-}0.10 cm{sup 3} vs. 1.41{+-}0.09 cm{sup 3}, P<0.01) and its body/tail (1.73{+-}0.11 cm{sup 3} and 1.68{+-}0.12 cm{sup 3}, P<0.01), and for the globus pallidus (1.23{+-}0.08 cm{sup 3} and 1.18{+-}0.09 cm{sup 3}, P<0.001) for both the internal (0.33{+-}0.05 cm{sup 3} vs. 0.31{+-}0.05 cm{sup 3}, P<0.01) and external (0.90{+-}0.05 cm{sup 3} vs. 0.86{+-}0.05 cm{sup 3}, P<0.001) segments. No volumetric side differences were found for the putamen (3.43{+-}0.14 cm{sup 3} vs. 3.39{+-}0.17 cm{sup 3}, P>0.05). The rightward asymmetry of the BG may be ascribed to the predominant use of the right hand. In conclusion, NURBS is an accurate and reliable method for quantitative volumetry of nervous structures. It offers the advantage of giving a three-dimensional representation of the structures examined. (orig.)

Evaluation of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease by using FDG PET

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guan, Y.H.; Zuo, C.T.; Zhao, J.; Lin, X.T.; Sun, B.M.

2002-01-01

Objective: Patients are effectively treated with medication in their initial phases of Parkinson's disease. However, the drugs become less effective and the adverse effects revealed. Recent years, the chronic deep brain stimulation is becoming an important treatment for patients with patients with Parkinson's disease. It has shown that the Parkinson's state is characterized by pathological neural activity in the motor system including the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The chronic deep brain stimulation can make benefits in the patients by intermediate the pathological neural activity. It needs an external method to evaluate the mechanism of therapy and to monitor the effect of treatment. The objective of our study is to observe the regional glucose metabolism changes in the motor loops and demonstrate the mechanism of therapy and how to monitor the treatment. Patients and Methods: Employing FDG PET, we had studied 7 patients who suffered from Parkinson's disease all the patients were failing medical therapy.the electrodes were implanted in the brain by the direction of MRI.The target of DBS is STN. Resting FDG PET were performed on and off STN stimulation. Metabolic changes with DBS were correlated with clinical improvement as measured by changes in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor ratings off medication. PET imaging was read by visual interpretation in blind method and calculated by semi-quantitative analysis. The statistic data was analysis after FDG PET imaging. Results: Through the research, regional cerebral glucose metabolic changes with DBS on and off were correlated with clinical improvement as measured by changes in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor ratings. STN DBS improved UPDRS motor ratings (33%, P<0.001) and significantly increased regional glucose metabolism in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, Parietal lobe cortex ipsilateral to stimulation. The heighten

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA COMUNICAÇÃO INTERNA NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES E A GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO

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Jose Dirnece Paes Tavares

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Esse trabalho discute sobre a importância da comunicação interna nas organizações atuais, e objetiva trazer maiores contribuições e condições para auxiliar na gestão dos colaboradores e alavancar melhores resultados. O propósito deste estudo é compreender o uso e o conhecimento que os gestores possuem das ferramentas da comunicação. O clima de conflito foi constatado sobretudo pela falta de integração entre os colaboradores internos x externos, o que de fato prejudicou sobremaneira a organização estudada. Um novo modelo de comunicação deve ser incentivado, objetivando quebra de paradigmas, reduzindo ou até eliminando dessa forma o tabu do relacionamento. No desenvolver desse estudo foi identificada a dificuldade que a organização em pauta tem em praticar e estimular a comunicação interna.

EVALUACIÓN DE LAS PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA ESTRUCTURA INTERNA DE LA GUADUA CON UN MODELO MATEMATICO

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JAIRO ALEXANDER OSORIO SARAZ

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Se caracterizo la estructura interna del Bambú-Guadua angustifolia kunth (GAK, en su zona media, encontrando la composición interna de este material compuesto, como son el porcentaje de la matriz (parénquima y de fibras (células de fibras y tejido conductivo. Se determinó las propiedades mecánicas como la resistencia a tensión y a flexión en sentido tangencial, y la Relación de Poisson del material y la resistencia de la fibra. Se valido un modelo matemático para materiales compuestos propuesto por Chandrupatla & Belegundu (1999, y se encontraron algunas ecuaciones que permiten predecir la resistencia del material en función de la resistencia de la fibra, y también para realizar modelos computacionales útiles para la industria de laminados de pisos en Bambuguadua. Los resultados experimentales no difirieron significativamente de los resultados obtenidos con los modelos matemáticos.

Intervenciones preventivas de la violencia interna en el trabajo: políticas de buenas prácticas y gestión de conflictos

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Antonia Bernat Jiménez

Full Text Available La violencia interna en el lugar de trabajo es la que tiene lugar entre los trabajadores, incluidos mandos y directivos. Incluye la violencia física, el acoso sexual y el acoso psicológico, abarcando también otras conductas de violencia psicológica diferenciadas de éste. Debe ser considerada como un riesgo psicosocial, que supone un peligro importante para la salud y seguridad de las personas, y tiene repercusiones organizacionales a través de costes directos e indirectos. Considerar la violencia interna con este enfoque de riesgo laboral, supone que su abordaje se ha de realizar aplicando los principios de la acción preventiva, a la vez que permite adoptar estrategias de actuación dirigidas a la prevención del fenómeno. Las principales organizaciones a nivel mundial y nacional proponen la implementación de una política de prevención de la violencia en el lugar de trabajo. Este artículo trata sobre la conveniencia del desarrollo e implementación en las organizaciones de una política de prevención de la violencia interna, de carácter integral e integrado, que involucre a toda la organización, orientada a lograr entornos de trabajo más saludables y con un enfoque centrado en los factores organizativos y psicosociales. En el artículo se contemplan las premisas esenciales de esa política preventiva de la violencia interna, abordándose también los momentos básicos de la estrategia preventiva: - La evaluación de riesgo psicosociales. - La política de buenas prácticas. - Los procedimientos de gestión de conflictos y acoso psicológico en el trabajo. - Las estrategias de comunicación organizacional y las acciones formativas. Para conseguir auténtica efectividad, las políticas de prevención de la violencia interna deben incorporarse al Sistema de Gestión de la Prevención de la organización, que, a su vez, estará integrado en todos los sistemas de gestión restantes de la empresa.

The national DBS brain tissue network pilot study: need for more tissue and more standardization.

Science.gov (United States)

Vedam-Mai, V; Krock, N; Ullman, M; Foote, K D; Shain, W; Smith, K; Yachnis, A T; Steindler, D; Reynolds, B; Merritt, S; Pagan, F; Marjama-Lyons, J; Hogarth, P; Resnick, A S; Zeilman, P; Okun, M S

2011-08-01

Over 70,000 DBS devices have been implanted worldwide; however, there remains a paucity of well-characterized post-mortem DBS brains available to researchers. We propose that the overall understanding of DBS can be improved through the establishment of a Deep Brain Stimulation-Brain Tissue Network (DBS-BTN), which will further our understanding of DBS and brain function. The objectives of the tissue bank are twofold: (a) to provide a complete (clinical, imaging and pathological) database for DBS brain tissue samples, and (b) to make available DBS tissue samples to researchers, which will help our understanding of disease and underlying brain circuitry. Standard operating procedures for processing DBS brains were developed as part of the pilot project. Complete data files were created for individual patients and included demographic information, clinical information, imaging data, pathology, and DBS lead locations/settings. 19 DBS brains were collected from 11 geographically dispersed centers from across the U.S. The average age at the time of death was 69.3 years (51-92, with a standard deviation or SD of 10.13). The male:female ratio was almost 3:1. Average post-mortem interval from death to brain collection was 10.6 h (SD of 7.17). The DBS targets included: subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus interna, and ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus. In 16.7% of cases the clinical diagnosis failed to match the pathological diagnosis. We provide neuropathological findings from the cohort, and perilead responses to DBS. One of the most important observations made in this pilot study was the missing data, which was approximately 25% of all available data fields. Preliminary results demonstrated the feasibility and utility of creating a National DBS-BTN resource for the scientific community. We plan to improve our techniques to remedy omitted clinical/research data, and expand the Network to include a larger donor pool. We will enhance sample preparation to

Patrones y flujos de la migración interna en la Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica, en el período 1995-2000

OpenAIRE

Wendy Molina-Varela

2009-01-01

Los más recientes cambios en los patrones de migración interna en varios países de Latinoamérica, apuntan a los crecientes flujos de migración intrametropolitana desde los centros urbanos hacia la periferia, asociados a procesos de urbanización residencial de zonas rurales cercanas a la zona metropolitana. Este artículo analiza este fenómeno para Costa Rica, estimando los patrones de migración interna dentro del Gran Área Metropolitana (GAM), y tratando de determinar algunos factores de atr...

The brain 5-HT4 receptor binding is down-regulated in the Flinders Sensitive Line depression model and in response to paroxetine administration

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Licht, Cecilie Löe; Marcussen, Anders Bue; Wegener, Gregers

2009-01-01

The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT(4)) receptor may be implicated in depression and is a new potential target for antidepressant treatment. We have investigated the brain 5-HT(4) receptor [(3)H]SB207145 binding in the Flinders Sensitive Line rat depression model by quantitative receptor autoradiography....... In the Flinders Sensitive Line, the 5-HT(4) receptor and 5-HT transporter binding were decreased in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, and the changes in binding were directly correlated within the dorsal hippocampus. Chronic but not acute paroxetine administration caused a 16-47% down-regulation of 5-HT(4......) receptor binding in all regions evaluated including the basal ganglia and hippocampus, while 5-HT depletion increased the 5-HT(4) receptor binding in the dorsal hippocampus, hypothalamus, and lateral globus pallidus. In comparison, the 5-HT(2A) receptor binding was decreased in the frontal and cingulate...

Brain Networks Implicated in Seasonal Affective Disorder

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nørgaard, Martin; Ganz, Melanie; Svarer, Claus

2017-01-01

, patients with SAD fail to globally downregulate their cerebral serotonin transporter (5-HTT) in winter, and that this effect seemed to be particularly pronounced in female S-carriers of the 5-HTTLPR genotype. The purpose of this study was to identify a 5-HTT brain network that accounts for the adaption...... without SAD; it included the right superior frontal gyrus, brainstem, globus pallidus (bilaterally) and the left hippocampus. Across seasons, female S' carriers without SAD showed nominally higher 5-HTT levels in these regions compared to female S' carriers with SAD, but the group difference was only...... winter compared to female S' carriers without SAD. Limitations: The study is preliminary and limited by small sample size in the SAD group (N = 6). Conclusions: These findings provide novel exploratory evidence for a wintertime state-dependent difference in 5-HTT levels that may leave SAD females...

Clinical and Imaging Presentation of a Patient with Beta-Propeller Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration, a Rare and Sporadic form of Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA).

Science.gov (United States)

Hattingen, Elke; Handke, Nikolaus; Cremer, Kirsten; Hoffjan, Sabine; Kukuk, Guido Matthias

2017-12-01

Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a heterogeneous group of inherited neurologic disorders with iron accumulation in the basal ganglia, which share magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics, histopathologic and clinical features. According to the affected basal nuclei, clinical features include extrapyramidal movement disorders and varying degrees of intellectual disability status. The most common NBIA subtype is caused by pathogenic variants in PANK2. The hallmark of MR imaging in patients with PANK2 mutations is an eye-of-the-tiger sign in the globus pallidus. We report a 33-year-old female with a rare subtype of NBIA, called beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) with a hitherto unknown missense variant in WDR45. She presented with BPAN's particular biphasic course of neurological symptoms and with a dominant iron accumulation in the midbrain that enclosed a spotty T2-hyperintensity.

Advanced Parkinson's disease: clinical characteristics and treatment. Part II.

Science.gov (United States)

Kulisevsky, J; Luquin, M R; Arbelo, J M; Burguera, J A; Carrillo, F; Castro, A; Chacón, J; García-Ruiz, P J; Lezcano, E; Mir, P; Martinez-Castrillo, J C; Martínez-Torres, I; Puente, V; Sesar, A; Valldeoriola-Serra, F; Yañez, R

2013-01-01

Many patients who have had Parkinson's disease (PD) for several years will present severe motor fluctuations and dyskinesias which require more aggressive therapies. The different approaches which are now available include deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus or medial globus pallidus, subcutaneous infusion of apomorphine, and intestinal infusion of levodopa-carbidopa. To define the indications and results for the 3 available therapies for advanced PD. Exhaustive review of the literature concerning the indications and results of deep brain stimulation, subcutaneous apomorphine infusion and duodenal infusion of levodopa/carbidopa gel to treat patients with advanced Parkinson disease. Although numerous studies have confirmed the efficacy of the 3 different therapies in advanced PD, there are no comparative studies that would allow us to define the best candidate for each technique. Copyright © 2013 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Hepatic encephalopathy. Imaging Findings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carrillo, Maria Claudia; Bermudez Munoz, Sonia; J Morillo, Anibal

2007-01-01

Hepatic encephalopathy occurs in patients with chronic hepatic insufficiency and can produce abnormalities in the central nervous system, which can be observed in MRI studies. Traditionally, these imaging findings include symmetrical hyper intensities in T1-weighted sequences in the basal ganglia (mainly globus pallidus), involving also the substantia nigra, mesencephalic tegmentum, frontal and occipital cortex. These areas appear of normal intensity in T2-weighted imaging sequences. Other entities that can lead to similar findings include manganese intoxication and type-1 neurofibromatosis. Currently, with the advent of MR spectroscopy, abnormalities in patients with clinical and subclinical hepatic encephalopathy have been described. After hepatic transplantation, hyper intensities of the basal ganglia and the MR spectroscopic findings may disappear within 3 months to 1 year, suggesting a functional, more than a structural damage. This article will demonstrate the MR findings of patients with hepatic encephalopathy due to chronic hepatic insufficiency.

Magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia: a morphometric study; Ressonancia magnetica na esquizofrenia: um estudo morfometrico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Castro, Claudio Campi de [Sao Paulo Univ., SP (Brazil). Instituto do Coracao (InCor). Secao de Ressonancia Magnetica]. E-mail: campi@uol.com.br

2001-06-01

Thirty-three patients with chronic schizophrenia and 21 normal subjects were submitted to magnetic resonance imaging studies using a 1.5 T scanner. Axial and coronal T 2-weighted images were obtained. The volumes of the brain, intracranial, supratentorial, infratentorial and the total, ventricular and subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid volumes were measured using semi-automated morphometric methods. The volumes of the amygdala-hippocampus complex, para hippocampal gyrus cortex, putamen, globus pallidus, temporal lobe, gray and white matter of temporal lobe were also measured. These volumes were normalized using the intracranial volume as reference. The most relevant findings observed were reduced brain volume and increased total, ventricular and subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid volumes in patients with schizophrenia when compared to the controls. Patients with schizophrenia had also smaller amygdala-hippocampus complexes, temporal lobes and temporal lobe white matter than the controls, as well as increased putamen volumes. (author)

Magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia: a morphometric study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Castro, Claudio Campi de

2001-01-01

Thirty-three patients with chronic schizophrenia and 21 normal subjects were submitted to magnetic resonance imaging studies using a 1.5 T scanner. Axial and coronal T 2-weighted images were obtained. The volumes of the brain, intracranial, supratentorial, infratentorial and the total, ventricular and subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid volumes were measured using semi-automated morphometric methods. The volumes of the amygdala-hippocampus complex, para hippocampal gyrus cortex, putamen, globus pallidus, temporal lobe, gray and white matter of temporal lobe were also measured. These volumes were normalized using the intracranial volume as reference. The most relevant findings observed were reduced brain volume and increased total, ventricular and subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid volumes in patients with schizophrenia when compared to the controls. Patients with schizophrenia had also smaller amygdala-hippocampus complexes, temporal lobes and temporal lobe white matter than the controls, as well as increased putamen volumes. (author)

Magnetisation transfer measurements of the subcortical grey and white matter in Parkinson's disease with and without dementia and in progressive supranuclear palsy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hanyu, H.; Asano, T.; Sakurai, H.; Takasaki, M.; Shindo, H.; Abe, K.

2001-01-01

We measured the magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) in the subcortical grey and white matter of 11 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) without dementia, six with PD with dementia (PDD), six with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 12 elderly control subjects to assess regional differences in structural brain damage. There were no significant differences in MTR in any region between PD and controls. However, patients with PDD had significantly lower MTR in the subcortical white matter, including the frontal white matter and the genu of the corpus callosum than the controls, whereas PSP had significantly lower MTR in the subcortical grey matter, including the putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus, in addition to the subcortical white matter. This suggests that regional patterns of structural brain damage can be detected using the magnetisation transfer technique. Measurement of MTR in the subcortical grey and white matter may be useful in differential diagnosis. (orig.)

Internações por doenças relacionadas ao saneamento ambiental inadequado na rede pública de saúde da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 2010-2014

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Mariana Santiago Siqueira

Full Text Available Resumo OBJETIVO: descrever a ocorrência, as características e os gastos com internações por doenças relacionadas ao saneamento ambiental inadequado (DRSAI financiadas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS entre residentes na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre-RS, no período de 2010 a 2014. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo com dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS. RESULTADOS: das 13.929 internações por DRSAI, 93,7% relacionaram-se às doenças de transmissão feco-oral e 20,4% foram de crianças de 1 a 4 anos de idade (28,1 internações/10 mil hab./ano; a letalidade hospitalar foi de 2,2%, tendo as doenças de transmissão feco-oral como principais causas de óbito; em 2,0% das internações, houve utilização de unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI; o gasto total com as internações foi de cerca de R$6,1 milhões. CONCLUSÃO: as DRSAI permanecem como um importante problema na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre-RS, embora esta apresente bons indicadores de desenvolvimento.

Role of urea in the postprandial urine concentration cycle of the insectivorous bat Antrozous pallidus.

Science.gov (United States)

Bassett, John E

2004-02-01

Insectivorous bats, which feed once daily, produce maximally concentrated urine only after feeding. The role of urea as an osmolyte in this process was investigated in pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus) in the laboratory. Following a 24-h fast, plasma and urine were sampled before and 2 h after feeding in postprandial (PP) animals and before and 2 h after similar treatment without feeding in nonfed (NF) animals. Food consumption by PP animals and handling of NF animals had no effect on blood water content as measured by hematocrit and plasma oncotic pressure. Food consumption increased both plasma osmolality (P(osm)) and plasma urea (P(urea)) by as much as 15%. Food consumption also increased urine osmolality (U(osm)) and urine urea (U(urea)) by 50-100%. Feeding increased U(osm) regardless of changes in P(osm), and elevation of U(osm) resulted primarily from increased U(urea). In NF bats, P(osm) and P(urea) were unchanged, while U(osm) and U(urea) increased by as much as 25%. Again, increased U(osm) resulted primarily from increased U(urea). The PP urine concentration cycle of pallid bats resulted from increased urea excretion in response to apparent rapid urea synthesis. Bats rapidly metabolized protein and excreted urea following feeding when body water was most plentiful.

Comunicación interna hospitalaria: una aproximación desde la creatividad/ Hospital internal communication : an approach from creativity

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Pablo Medina Aguerrebere

2015-07-01

Full Text Available La gestión profesional de la comunicación institucional se ha convertido en una iniciativa estratégica para aquellos hospitales que desean crear una marca sólida. Para ello, la definición de la arquitectura de marca (identidad, valores, misión, visión, cultura e imagen y su difusión entre los stakeholders internos resulta fundamental. El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre el impacto que tiene la creatividad publicitaria en las acciones de comunicación interna que realiza un hospital para crear marca. Para ello, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre la comunicación institucional hospitalaria, la comunicación interna y la creatividad publicitaria. El artículo concluye que la creatividad contribuye positivamente a dinamizar la comunicación interna del hospital y a crear una marca hospitalaria sólida. The professional management of corporate communication has become a strategic initiative to those hospitals that wish to create a strong brand. To do this, the definition of brand architecture (identity, values, mission, vision, culture and image and its dissemination among internal stakeholders is essential. This paper aims to reflect on the impact of advertising creativity in internal communication actions that takes a hospital to create brand. For this, a literature review on hospital corporate communication, internal communication and advertising creativity is performed. This paper concludes that creativity contributes positively to energize the hospital internal communication and create a strong brand

Diseño de sistema de gestión de la comunicación interna a la medida organizacional

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Norge Lauzao-Serrano

2012-01-01

evaluación y control de los procesos comunicativos en la organización, capaz de permitir la existencia de un sistema de comunicación coherente y armónico, contribuyendo a una mayor integración interna, fortaleciendo su cultura e identidad.

Numerical study of the elastic-plastic cyclic deformation of the ''GLOBUS-M'' compact tokamak central solenoid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bykov, V.; Kavin, A.; Krivchenkov, Y.; Panin, A.

1996-01-01

The ''GLOBUS-M'' is a compact resistive tokamak with a central solenoid (CS) wound around the inner portion of the toroidal field coils. The magnetic field at the solenoid axis amounts to 8.3 T. The CS incorporates two layers of conductor (CuCr copper alloy) baked into insulation. The solenoid is designed to sustain 80,000 energizing. During each loading cycle the solenoid is subjected to the radial forces accompanied with the vertical compression. The most loaded region has been considered and modeled with the use of 2D axisymmetric finite element (FE) model. The model includes two conductor turns baked into insulation compound, copper cooling tubes and solder. The stress analysis shows that there is some plastic deformation in the copper tube and solder during loading and there is some back plastic deformation in the solder during unloading. The reloading does not cause any change in the solenoid stress-strain state in comparison with the case of loading. The number of cycles to failure has been simulated for all metallic components of the solenoid

El endometrio como glándula de secreción interna sinergia utero-ovarica

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Manuel Aristizábal Z.

1946-11-01

Full Text Available Antiguamente durante la era anatómica de la ginecología, pudiéramos decir que toda mujer sin útero había resuelto su problema, basados en la formula hipocrática: "las matrices son la causa de todas las enfermedades de las mujeres". Más tarde al ingresar la ginecología en el periodo que pudiéramos llamar funcional, y al ponerse en evidencia las secreciones internas del ovario, los conceptos se modificaron aclarando esta antigua concepción.

Analýza marketingové strategie společnosti GLOBUS ČR se zaměřením na nepotravinářskou část sortimentu

OpenAIRE

Falcmanová, Klára

2012-01-01

The bachelor's thesis is about the analysis of the marketing environment in retail in the Czech Republic. The thesis is concentrated on the influence of marketing environment on GLOBUS ČR and its marketing strategy. The first chapter is theoretical and describes marketing environment and marketing mix, SWOT analysis and market segmentation. In the second chapter are defined the forms and possibilities of marketing communication in the retail environment. The third chapter is practical and the...

Estudo sobre a influência de variáveis meteorológicas em internações hospitalares em Maceió-AL, durante o período 1998 a 2006

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Daniel dos Santos

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Foram utilizados dados de insolação, pressão atmosférica, velocidade do vento, temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar e precipitação pluviométrica de valores médios mensais do período de 1998 a 2006, de Maceió, objetivando identificar a influência destas variáveis meteorológicas nas internações hospitalares por asma, leptospirose, insuficiência cardíaca, esquistossomose e bronquite aguda. Determinaram-se os coeficientes de internações mensais em hospitais públicos de Maceió, relacionando-os com as variáveis estudadas no período estudado. Calculou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r e coeficiente de determinação (r² das variáveis meteorológicas, para saber, o máximo que estes explicam as internações estudadas. O resultado sugere que houve influência das variáveis meteorológicas nos casos de internações por asma, com r² (% de 0% a 9%, bronquite o r² foi de 29% a 55%, para esquistossomose 15% a 45%, insuficiência cardíaca 0% a 11% e leptospirose 14% a 79% .

Study of Globus-M Tokamak Poloidal System and Plasma Position Control

Science.gov (United States)

Dokuka, V. N.; Korenev, P. S.; Mitrishkin, Yu. V.; Pavlova, E. A.; Patrov, M. I.; Khayrutdinov, R. R.

2017-12-01

In order to provide efficient performance of tokamaks with vertically elongated plasma position, control systems for limited and diverted plasma configuration are required. The accuracy, stability, speed of response, and reliability of plasma position control as well as plasma shape and current control depend on the performance of the control system. Therefore, the problem of the development of such systems is an important and actual task in modern tokamaks. In this study, the measured signals from the magnetic loops and Rogowski coils are used to reconstruct the plasma equilibrium, for which linear models in small deviations are constructed. We apply methods of the H∞-optimization theory to the synthesize control system for vertical and horizontal position of plasma capable to working with structural uncertainty of the models of the plant. These systems are applied to the plasma-physical DINA code which is configured for the tokamak Globus-M plasma. The testing of the developed systems applied to the DINA code with Heaviside step functions have revealed the complex dynamics of plasma magnetic configurations. Being close to the bifurcation point in the parameter space of unstable plasma has made it possible to detect an abrupt change in the X-point position from the top to the bottom and vice versa. Development of the methods for reconstruction of plasma magnetic configurations and experience in designing plasma control systems with feedback for tokamaks provided an opportunity to synthesize new digital controllers for plasma vertical and horizontal position stabilization. It also allowed us to test the synthesized digital controllers in the closed loop of the control system with the DINA code as a nonlinear model of plasma.

Pressão interna e refração molar dos sistemas dimetilsulfóxido + tiofeno, dimetilsulfóxido + piridina a 298,15K

OpenAIRE

AZNAREZ, Silvia Beatriz; POSTIGO, Miguel Ángelo; MARTINS, Adair

1999-01-01

Pressão interna, volume livre, refração molar e propriedades termodinâmicas de excesso de misturas líquidas binárias de dimetil sulfóxido + tiofeno e dimetil sulfóxido + piridina a 298.15K foram calculadas a partir de medidas experimentais de densidades, tensão superficial e índice de refração. A relação entre a pressão interna, volume molar de excesso, refração molar, e a interação molecular dos sistemas binários é examinada. Internal pressure, free volume, molar refraction and excess mol...

La incidencia delictual para la seguridad interna y el rol del Ministerio Público.

OpenAIRE

Villacís, María Cristina

1999-01-01

La seguridad interna es la garantía proporcionada a la nación, para que esta pueda promover la búsqueda de sus objetivos, a pesar de las divergencias de cualquier índole –externo o interno- o de naturaleza –política, económica, sicosocial o militar –o de forma violenta: subversión, corrupción, tráfico de influencias, infiltración ideológica, dominio económico o disgregación social. Una parte de esta seguridad está asignada al Ministerio Público, al tener dentro de sus funciones, la defensa...

Internações e complicações apresentadas por idosos em hospital de referência em doenças infecciosas.

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Gabriella Xavier Barbalho Mesquita

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Justificativa e Objetivos: A mortalidade por doenças infecciosas vem declinando, entretanto, permanece como um desafio para a Saúde Pública Nacional, devido à persistência de níveis elevados de doenças associadas à pobreza e exclusão social. Deste modo, o objetivo do estudo é identificar as causas de internação dos idosos e as complicações apresentadas em hospital de infectologia do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil e avaliar o custo financeiro das internações. Métodos: Estudo seccional realizado com idosos internados no Hospital Giselda Trigueiro do ano 2005 a 2010, por meio da análise de prontuários. As variáveis dependentes foram: “consequência da internação” e “custo financeiro”. Foram realizados teste qui-quadrado determinar a associação entre as variáveis e a análise do efeito independente das variáveis intervenientes sobre o desfecho foi realizada através da regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: A idade média foi 72,4 anos e predominaram homens. Diagnósticos prevalentes: Infecção pulmonar não tuberculosa; Infecções de pele e partes moles e Tuberculose pulmonar e extrapulmonar. Na análise múltipla com a variável “consequência da internação”, foram significativas: ventilação mecânica, sonda nasogástrica e entérica, hemorragia digestiva alta e insuficiência renal aguda. Para “custo financeiro”, as variáveis infecção pulmonar não tuberculosa, tuberculose pulmonar e extrapulmonar, sonda vesical de demora e ventilação mecânica permaneceram significativas. Conclusões: O predomínio de infecções respiratórias aponta para a necessidade de medidas preventivas que devem ocorrer no nível da atenção primária à saúde e consequentemente reduzindo a demanda pela atenção especializada. DESCRITORES: Idoso; Hospitalização; Saúde do Idoso; Custos hospitalares; Doenças transmissíveis.

Migración interna indígena desde el Istmo veracruzano: nuevas articulaciones regionales

OpenAIRE

Velázquez-Hernández, Emilia

2013-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las nuevas articulaciones regionales que se crean a través de las migraciones internas. Para ello, se toma como estudio de caso las migraciones que desde mediados de la década de 1990 se realizan desde el Istmo veracruzano hacia la frontera norte de México y los campos de agricultura intensiva de Sinaloa. Se muestra que, a través de la migración laboral de trabajadores nahuas y popolucas de la Sierra de Santa Marta, regiones antes inconexas se articulan...

MOTORES DE COMBUSTIÓN INTERNA (MCI) OPERANDO CON MEZCLAS DE ETANOL GASOLINA: REVISIÓN

OpenAIRE

Alexander García Mariaca; Edwin Darío Cendales Ladino; Andrés Felipe Eslava Sarmiento

2016-01-01

En este artículo se presenta una revisión bibliográfica acerca del uso de etanol como combustible en motores de combustión interna de encendido provocado (MCI-EP). Este empieza por una breve descripción de las diversas formas de producción y principales productores en el mundo de etanol, para posteriormente profundizar en el desempeño, combustión y las emisiones en MCIEP al operar con diferentes mezclas de etanol y gasolina convencional. Los resultados obtenidos por los diferentes autores de ...

MOTORES DE COMBUSTIÓN INTERNA (MCI) OPERANDO CON MEZCLAS DE ETANOL GASOLINA: REVISIÓN

OpenAIRE

Garcia Mariaca, Alexander; Cendales Ladino, Edwin Darío; Eslava Sarmiento, Andrés Felipe

2016-01-01

En este artículo se presenta una revisión bibliográfica acerca del uso de etanol como combustible en motores de combustión interna de encendido provocado (MCI-EP). Este empieza por una breve descripción de las diversas formas de producción y principales productores en el mundo de etanol, para posteriormente profundizar en el desempeño, combustión y las emisiones en MCI-EP al operar con diferentes mezclas de etanol y gasolina convencional. Los resultados obtenidos por los diferentes autores de...

Modelo matemático de tipo valor medio de un motor de combustión interna y estimación de estados usando técnicas Bayesianas

OpenAIRE

Hernández Lordui, Mónica Patricia

2013-01-01

En el presente trabajo se obtiene el modelo matemático orientado al control de un motor de combustión interna de ignición por chispa. El modelo aplica ecuaciones de primeros principios con no-linealidades y parámetros desconocidos. Las ecuaciones aplicadas al modelo están explicadas mediante relaciones termodinámicas conocidas en la literatura como \\Mean Value Engine Modelling" (MVEM). La MVEM describe un modelo matemático orientado al control para las máquinas de combustión interna de ignici...

Características epidemiológicas de la neumonía intrahospitalaria en un servicio de medicina interna del Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen de Lima, Perú

OpenAIRE

León-Chahua, César; Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Lima.; Oscanoa-Espinoza, Teodoro; Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Lima.; Chávez-Gutiérrez, Cynthia; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Martín de Porres, Lima.; Chávez-Gutiérrez, José; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Martín de Porres, Lima.

2016-01-01

Objetivo: Determinar las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes con neumonía intrahospitalaria (NIH) en un servicio de medicina interna.Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo; llevado a cabo en el servicio de medicina interna Nº 5 del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen (HNGAI) durante el año 2015. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes mayores de 15 años con el diagnóstico de egreso de NIH que cumplieron los criterios de selección.Resultados: Se ...

An Extended Design of the "Grid-Enabled SEE++ System" Based on Globus Toolkit 4 and gLite Conference

CERN Document Server

Schreiner, W.; Buchberger, M.; Kaltofen, T.

2006-01-01

"Grid-Enabled SEE++" based on the SEE++ software system for the biomechanical 3D simulation of the human eye and its muscles. SEE++ simulates the common eye muscle surgery techniques in a graphic interactive way that is familiar to an experienced surgeon. The goal of "Grid-Enabled SEE++" is to adapt and to extend SEE++ in several steps and to develop an efficient grid-based tool for "Evidence Based Medicine", which supports the surgeons in choosing optimal surgery techniques for the treatments of different syndromes of strabismus. In our previous work, we combined the SEE++ software with the Globus (pre-Web Service) middleware and developed a parallel version of the simulation of the "Hess-Lancaster test" (typical medical examination). By this, we demonstrated how a noticeable speedup can be achieved in SEE++ by the exploitation of the computational power of the Grid. Furthermore, we reported the prototype implementation of a medical database component for "Grid-Enabled SEE++". Finally, we designed a so calle...

O efeito do status de sobrevivência sobre gastos com internações hospitalares públicas no Brasil em uma perspectiva temporal

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Cristina Guimarães Rodrigues

2012-09-01

Full Text Available As projeções de gastos com saúde apontam para um crescimento considerável das despesas em decorrência do envelhecimento populacional. No entanto, estudos mostram que os gastos se concentram no fim da vida e, dessa forma, projeções que não levam em conta variáveis de proximidade à morte tendem a superestimar as projeções. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a magnitude dos gastos com internações públicas no Brasil por status de sobrevivência, e identificar se existe uma relação entre despesas com internações para indivíduos próximos à morte e idade à morte. O banco de dados empregado é oriundo do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do DATASUS - SIH/DATASUS - para o período de 1995 a 2007 no Brasil. Foi analisada a evolução dos gastos totais e a tendência dos gastos por grupo etário para aqueles pacientes que tiveram como motivo de saída do hospital a alta (sobreviventes ou o óbito (pacientes terminais. A fim de analisar o efeito do status de sobrevivência sobre os gastos com internações no futuro, simulamos projeções de gastos em 2050, desagregados entre gastos de sobreviventes e gastos relacionados à morte. Os resultados mostram que o padrão de gastos por status de sobrevivência no Brasil é crescente por grupo etário para o grupo de sobreviventes, e decrescente para os indivíduos que faleceram. Também se verificou que a razão de gastos mortos/sobreviventes diminui com a idade. A simulação da projeção de gastos com internações para 2050 mostra que quando se considera apenas o perfil etário dos gastos médios em 2007, há um crescimento de mais de 380% nos gastos com internações em 2050 quando comparado a 2007, mas quando os gastos são projetados segundo o status de sobrevivência, o crescimento não passa de 70%. Projeção retrospectiva para 2007 mostra que o efeito do envelhecimento é menor quando o efeito da proximidade à morte é levado em consideração. Os resultados parecem

Physiological and ecological consequences of sleeping-site selection by the Galapagos land iguana (Conolophus pallidus)

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Christian, K.A.; Tracy, C.R.

1984-01-01

Field observations and biophysical models were combined to analyze sleeping-site selection by Galapagos land iguanas (Conolophus pallidus). Iguanas slept in different kinds of sleeping sites during different seasons. In the coolest season (garua), adult land iguanas were found in sleeping sites that were warmer than the coolest sites available. This may be because the garua season (cool, overcast, and foggy) is a time when environmental conditions mitigate against rapid warm-up in the mornings, so lizards may regulate nighttime body temperatures so that it is easier to warm up to preferred daytime body temperatures. In the warmest season, adult iguanas were found in the coolest sleeping sites available. This observation is consistent with hypotheses of voluntary hypothermia, which can be advantageous in energy conservation and in avoiding detrimental effects associated with maintenance of constant body temperatures throughout the day and night. Juvenile iguanas were found sleeping in rock crevices regardless of the ambient thermal environments. Such sites are likely to be important as refugia for this life stage, which, unlike the adult stage, is vulnerable to predation. It was concluded that selection of sleeping sites is a process that may help in avoidance of predation, optimization of body temperature at the end of the sleeping period, and reduction of metabolic costs during sleeping. The importance of some of these factors may change with the thermal milieu (e.g., season).

A importância da auditoria interna para uma gestão eficiente e eficaz em instituições hospitalares do setor público

OpenAIRE

Duarte, Mariana da Silva

2017-01-01

Versão final (Esta versão contém as críticas e sugestões dos elementos do júri) Na evolução das organizações as instituições hospitalares estão sujeitas a várias pressões, quer internas quer externas, pelo que são cada vez mais necessárias as atividades de auditoria interna de suporte à gestão que permitam atingir os seus objetivos. Uma vez que o serviço hospitalar se insere num ”mundo” complexo e de enorme dificuldade no que se refere à aquisição de um serviço de excelência...

Internações por complicações obstétricas na gestação e desfechos maternos e perinatais, em uma coorte de gestantes no Sistema Único de Saúde no Município de São Paulo, Brasil

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Barbara Laisa Alves Moura

2018-02-01

Full Text Available A morbidade materna, a mortalidade neonatal e a mortalidade fetal são importantes indicadores da saúde materna infantil. O estudo tem por objetivo descrever desfechos maternos e perinatais (baixo peso ao nascer, prematuridade, óbito fetal e neonatal, internações pós-parto e readmissão dos recém-nascidos de uma coorte de gestantes cujos partos foram financiados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS no Município de São Paulo, Brasil, no segundo semestre de 2012. Foi obtida uma coorte retrospectiva de 55.404 gestantes com vinculação (determinística e probabilística das informações do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS, Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC, Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM e Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES. Internações por complicações obstétricas da gestação ocorreram em 4,3% das gestantes. Diagnósticos mais frequentes foram: infecções, doenças hipertensivas e diabetes. As internações prévias ao parto foram mais frequentes nas gestantes a partir de 35 anos, de gestações múltiplas e com baixa escolaridade. As internações das gestantes no pós-parto foram 3 vezes maior e a mortalidade materna 9 vezes maior entre as gestantes com internação prévia por complicações obstétricas. Os desfechos perinatais (mortalidade fetal e neonatal, prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer foram 2 vezes mais frequentes entre os conceptos de gestantes com internação prévia que aquelas sem internação. Comportamento semelhante foi encontrado com relação à internação dos recém-nascidos logo após o parto e na readmissão hospitalar. Desfechos maternos e perinatais negativos foram mais frequentes em gestantes com internação prévia ao parto.

Brain MRI findings of welders : high signal intensity in T1WI secondary to manganese exposure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, K. W.; Lim, M. A.; Shon, M. Y.; Lee, S. H.; Ha, D. G.; Kwon, K. R.; Kim, S. S.; Hong, Y. S.; Lee, Y. H. [Sunlin Presbyterian Hospital, Pohang (Korea, Republic of); Cheong, H. K. [Dongguk University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1998-03-01

To evaluate the clinical and brain MRI findings of welders and to determine the utility of MRI in the assessment of occupational manganese exposure. All welders complained of fatigue, headache, anorexia, and decreased libido. The palmomental reflex was positive in five (28%), Myerson`s sign in four (22%), and intention tremor in three (17%). Mean blood Mn was 5.18 (range, 1.77-9.34) {mu}g/dl, mean urine Mn was 5.84 (range, 1.07 -22) {mu}g/l, serum Fe was elevated in one welder, and serum Cd in two. T1WI of brain MRI revealed high signal intensities in the globus pallidus, the putamen, the substantia nigra, the tectum, the caudate nucleus, the subthalamic nucleus, the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. These intensities correlated closely with blood Mn levels, suggesting their potential role in estimating the accumulation of Mn in the brain. (author). 25 refs., 2 tabs., 5 figs.

Investigating the neural correlates of smoking: Feasibility and results of combining electronic cigarettes with fMRI.

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Wall, Matthew B; Mentink, Alexander; Lyons, Georgina; Kowalczyk, Oliwia S; Demetriou, Lysia; Newbould, Rexford D

2017-09-12

Cigarette addiction is driven partly by the physiological effects of nicotine, but also by the distinctive sensory and behavioural aspects of smoking, and understanding the neural effects of such processes is vital. There are many practical difficulties associated with subjects smoking in the modern neuroscientific laboratory environment, however electronic cigarettes obviate many of these issues, and provide a close simulation of smoking tobacco cigarettes. We have examined the neural effects of 'smoking' electronic cigarettes with concurrent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The results demonstrate the feasibility of using these devices in the MRI environment, and show brain activation in a network of cortical (motor cortex, insula, cingulate, amygdala) and sub-cortical (putamen, thalamus, globus pallidus, cerebellum) regions. Concomitant relative deactivations were seen in the ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex. These results reveal the brain processes involved in (simulated) smoking for the first time, and validate a novel approach to the study of smoking, and addiction more generally.

Inhibitory Control in the Cortico-Basal Ganglia-Thalamocortical Loop: Complex Regulation and Interplay with Memory and Decision Processes.

Science.gov (United States)

Wei, Wei; Wang, Xiao-Jing

2016-12-07

We developed a circuit model of spiking neurons that includes multiple pathways in the basal ganglia (BG) and is endowed with feedback mechanisms at three levels: cortical microcircuit, corticothalamic loop, and cortico-BG-thalamocortical system. We focused on executive control in a stop signal task, which is known to depend on BG across species. The model reproduces a range of experimental observations and shows that the newly discovered feedback projection from external globus pallidus to striatum is crucial for inhibitory control. Moreover, stopping process is enhanced by the cortico-subcortical reverberatory dynamics underlying persistent activity, establishing interdependence between working memory and inhibitory control. Surprisingly, the stop signal reaction time (SSRT) can be adjusted by weights of certain connections but is insensitive to other connections in this complex circuit, suggesting novel circuit-based intervention for inhibitory control deficits associated with mental illness. Our model provides a unified framework for inhibitory control, decision making, and working memory. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

MRI manifestations of severe SSPE in infants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Hui; Xiao Enhua; Tan Lihua; Wu Xiaochuan; Fan Songqing

2006-01-01

Objective: To improve the understanding of MRI findings in severe SSPE. Methods: The MRI features in 2 cases of severe SSPE confirmed by pathology were reported, and related literature was reviewed. Results: In one case, various degrees of asymmetrical cerebral swelling were seen in bilateral gray matter and white matter under the cortex, and without clear dividing line between gray and white matter, especially in temporal lobe. Abnormal signals were revealed on T 1 and T 2 WI. In another case, lesions in the brain stem, temporal lobe, globus pallidus, putamen, thalamus, and radiate coronet showed hypointense signal on T 1 WI and hyperintense signal on T 2 WI with cerebral swelling, and no obviouse cerebral atrophy was found. The local abnormal lesions had occupying effects and enhancement in both cases. Conclusion: Lasting of various degrees of cerebral swelling may be the characteristic sign on MRI in severe SSPE, differing from cerebral atrophy that might be seen in common SSPE. (authors)

Human subcortical brain asymmetries in 15,847 people worldwide reveal effects of age and sex.

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Guadalupe, Tulio; Mathias, Samuel R; vanErp, Theo G M; Whelan, Christopher D; Zwiers, Marcel P; Abe, Yoshinari; Abramovic, Lucija; Agartz, Ingrid; Andreassen, Ole A; Arias-Vásquez, Alejandro; Aribisala, Benjamin S; Armstrong, Nicola J; Arolt, Volker; Artiges, Eric; Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa; Baboyan, Vatche G; Banaschewski, Tobias; Barker, Gareth; Bastin, Mark E; Baune, Bernhard T; Blangero, John; Bokde, Arun L W; Boedhoe, Premika S W; Bose, Anushree; Brem, Silvia; Brodaty, Henry; Bromberg, Uli; Brooks, Samantha; Büchel, Christian; Buitelaar, Jan; Calhoun, Vince D; Cannon, Dara M; Cattrell, Anna; Cheng, Yuqi; Conrod, Patricia J; Conzelmann, Annette; Corvin, Aiden; Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto; Crivello, Fabrice; Dannlowski, Udo; de Zubicaray, Greig I; de Zwarte, Sonja M C; Deary, Ian J; Desrivières, Sylvane; Doan, Nhat Trung; Donohoe, Gary; Dørum, Erlend S; Ehrlich, Stefan; Espeseth, Thomas; Fernández, Guillén; Flor, Herta; Fouche, Jean-Paul; Frouin, Vincent; Fukunaga, Masaki; Gallinat, Jürgen; Garavan, Hugh; Gill, Michael; Suarez, Andrea Gonzalez; Gowland, Penny; Grabe, Hans J; Grotegerd, Dominik; Gruber, Oliver; Hagenaars, Saskia; Hashimoto, Ryota; Hauser, Tobias U; Heinz, Andreas; Hibar, Derrek P; Hoekstra, Pieter J; Hoogman, Martine; Howells, Fleur M; Hu, Hao; Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E; Huyser, Chaim; Ittermann, Bernd; Jahanshad, Neda; Jönsson, Erik G; Jurk, Sarah; Kahn, Rene S; Kelly, Sinead; Kraemer, Bernd; Kugel, Harald; Kwon, Jun Soo; Lemaitre, Herve; Lesch, Klaus-Peter; Lochner, Christine; Luciano, Michelle; Marquand, Andre F; Martin, Nicholas G; Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio; Martinot, Jean-Luc; Mataix-Cols, David; Mather, Karen; McDonald, Colm; McMahon, Katie L; Medland, Sarah E; Menchón, José M; Morris, Derek W; Mothersill, Omar; Maniega, Susana Munoz; Mwangi, Benson; Nakamae, Takashi; Nakao, Tomohiro; Narayanaswaamy, Janardhanan C; Nees, Frauke; Nordvik, Jan E; Onnink, A Marten H; Opel, Nils; Ophoff, Roel; Paillère Martinot, Marie-Laure; Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri; Pauli, Paul; Paus, Tomáš; Poustka, Luise; Reddy, Janardhan Yc; Renteria, Miguel E; Roiz-Santiáñez, Roberto; Roos, Annerine; Royle, Natalie A; Sachdev, Perminder; Sánchez-Juan, Pascual; Schmaal, Lianne; Schumann, Gunter; Shumskaya, Elena; Smolka, Michael N; Soares, Jair C; Soriano-Mas, Carles; Stein, Dan J; Strike, Lachlan T; Toro, Roberto; Turner, Jessica A; Tzourio-Mazoyer, Nathalie; Uhlmann, Anne; Hernández, Maria Valdés; van den Heuvel, Odile A; van der Meer, Dennis; van Haren, Neeltje E M; Veltman, Dick J; Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan; Vetter, Nora C; Vuletic, Daniella; Walitza, Susanne; Walter, Henrik; Walton, Esther; Wang, Zhen; Wardlaw, Joanna; Wen, Wei; Westlye, Lars T; Whelan, Robert; Wittfeld, Katharina; Wolfers, Thomas; Wright, Margaret J; Xu, Jian; Xu, Xiufeng; Yun, Je-Yeon; Zhao, JingJing; Franke, Barbara; Thompson, Paul M; Glahn, David C; Mazoyer, Bernard; Fisher, Simon E; Francks, Clyde

2017-10-01

The two hemispheres of the human brain differ functionally and structurally. Despite over a century of research, the extent to which brain asymmetry is influenced by sex, handedness, age, and genetic factors is still controversial. Here we present the largest ever analysis of subcortical brain asymmetries, in a harmonized multi-site study using meta-analysis methods. Volumetric asymmetry of seven subcortical structures was assessed in 15,847 MRI scans from 52 datasets worldwide. There were sex differences in the asymmetry of the globus pallidus and putamen. Heritability estimates, derived from 1170 subjects belonging to 71 extended pedigrees, revealed that additive genetic factors influenced the asymmetry of these two structures and that of the hippocampus and thalamus. Handedness had no detectable effect on subcortical asymmetries, even in this unprecedented sample size, but the asymmetry of the putamen varied with age. Genetic drivers of asymmetry in the hippocampus, thalamus and basal ganglia may affect variability in human cognition, including susceptibility to psychiatric disorders.

The influence of puberty on subcortical brain development.

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Goddings, Anne-Lise; Mills, Kathryn L; Clasen, Liv S; Giedd, Jay N; Viner, Russell M; Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne

2014-03-01

Puberty is characterized by hormonal, physical and psychological transformation. The human brain undergoes significant changes between childhood and adulthood, but little is known about how puberty influences its structural development. Using a longitudinal sample of 711 magnetic resonance imaging scans from 275 individuals aged 7-20years, we examined how subcortical brain regions change in relation to puberty. Our regions of interest included the amygdala, hippocampus and corpus striatum including the nucleus accumbens (NA), caudate, putamen and globus pallidus (GP). Pubertal development was significantly related to structural volume in all six regions in both sexes. Pubertal development and age had both independent and interactive influences on volume for the amygdala, hippocampus and putamen in both sexes, and the caudate in females. There was an interactive puberty-by-age effect on volume for the NA and GP in both sexes, and the caudate in males. These findings suggest a significant role for puberty in structural brain development. © 2013. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Momentum-based morphometric analysis with application to Parkinson's disease

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Jingyun; Khan, Ali R.; McKeown, Martin J.; Beg, Mirza F.

2011-03-01

We apply the initial momentum shape representation of diffeomorphic metric mapping from a template region of interest (ROI) to a given ROI as a morphometic marker in Parkinson's disease. We used a three-step segmentation-registrationmomentum process to derive feature vectors from ROIs in a group of 42 subjects consisting of 19 Parkinson's Disease (PD) subjects and 23 normal control (NC) subjects. Significant group differences between PD and NC subjects were detected in four basal ganglia structures including the caudate, putamen, thalamus and globus pallidus. The magnitude of regionally significant between-group differences detected ranged between 34-75%. Visualization of the different structural deformation pattern between-groups revealed that some parts of basal ganglia structure actually hypertrophy, presumably as a compensatory response to more widespread atrophy. Our results of both hypertrophy and atrophy in the same structures further demonstrate the importance of morphological measures as opposed to overall volume in the assessment of neurodegenerative disease.

Sensitivity analysis of discharge patterns of subthalamic nucleus in the model of basal ganglia in Parkinson disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Jyotsna; Singh, Phool; Malik, Vikas

2017-01-01

Parkinson disease alters the information patterns in movement related pathways in brain. Experimental results performed on rats show that the activity patterns changes from single spike activity to mixed burst mode in Parkinson disease. However the cause of this change in activity pattern is not yet completely understood. Subthalamic nucleus is one of the main nuclei involved in the origin of motor dysfunction in Parkinson disease. In this paper, a single compartment conductance based model is considered which focuses on subthalamic nucleus and synaptic input from globus pallidus (external). This model shows highly nonlinear behavior with respect to various intrinsic parameters. Behavior of model has been presented with the help of activity patterns generated in healthy and Parkinson condition. These patterns have been compared by calculating their correlation coefficient for different values of intrinsic parameters. Results display that the activity patterns are very sensitive to various intrinsic parameters and calcium shows some promising results which provide insights into the motor dysfunction.

Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an anatomically distinct subclass

Science.gov (United States)

Menegas, William; Bergan, Joseph F; Ogawa, Sachie K; Isogai, Yoh; Umadevi Venkataraju, Kannan; Osten, Pavel; Uchida, Naoshige; Watabe-Uchida, Mitsuko

2015-01-01

Combining rabies-virus tracing, optical clearing (CLARITY), and whole-brain light-sheet imaging, we mapped the monosynaptic inputs to midbrain dopamine neurons projecting to different targets (different parts of the striatum, cortex, amygdala, etc) in mice. We found that most populations of dopamine neurons receive a similar set of inputs rather than forming strong reciprocal connections with their target areas. A common feature among most populations of dopamine neurons was the existence of dense ‘clusters’ of inputs within the ventral striatum. However, we found that dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum were outliers, receiving relatively few inputs from the ventral striatum and instead receiving more inputs from the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and zona incerta. These results lay a foundation for understanding the input/output structure of the midbrain dopamine circuit and demonstrate that dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum constitute a unique class of dopamine neurons regulated by different inputs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10032.001 PMID:26322384

Neuroanatomical pathways underlying the effects of hypothalamo-hypophysial-adrenal hormones on exploratory activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Lalonde, Robert; Strazielle, Catherine

2017-07-26

When injected via the intracerebroventricular route, corticosterone-releasing hormone (CRH) reduced exploration in the elevated plus-maze, the center region of the open-field, and the large chamber in the defensive withdrawal test. The anxiogenic action of CRH in the elevated plus-maze also occurred when infused in the basolateral amygdala, ventral hippocampus, lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, nucleus accumbens, periaqueductal grey, and medial frontal cortex. The anxiogenic action of CRH in the defensive withdrawal test was reproduced when injected in the locus coeruleus, while the amygdala, hippocampus, lateral septum, nucleus accumbens, and lateral globus pallidus contribute to center zone exploration in the open-field. In addition to elevated plus-maze and open-field tests, the amygdala appears as a target region for CRH-mediated anxiety in the elevated T-maze. Thus, the amygdala is the principal brain region identified with these three tests, and further research must identify the neural circuits underlying this form of anxiety.

Preferential responses in amygdala and insula during presentation of facial contempt and disgust.

Science.gov (United States)

Sambataro, Fabio; Dimalta, Savino; Di Giorgio, Annabella; Taurisano, Paolo; Blasi, Giuseppe; Scarabino, Tommaso; Giannatempo, Giuseppe; Nardini, Marcello; Bertolino, Alessandro

2006-10-01

Some authors consider contempt to be a basic emotion while others consider it a variant of disgust. The neural correlates of contempt have not so far been specifically contrasted with disgust. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated the neural networks involved in the processing of facial contempt and disgust in 24 healthy subjects. Facial recognition of contempt was lower than that of disgust and of neutral faces. The imaging data indicated significant activity in the amygdala and in globus pallidus and putamen during processing of contemptuous faces. Bilateral insula and caudate nuclei and left as well as right inferior frontal gyrus were engaged during processing of disgusted faces. Moreover, direct comparisons of contempt vs. disgust yielded significantly different activations in the amygdala. On the other hand, disgusted faces elicited greater activation than contemptuous faces in the right insula and caudate. Our findings suggest preferential involvement of different neural substrates in the processing of facial emotional expressions of contempt and disgust.

[Bilateral Pallidotomy for Tardive Dystonia:A Case Report].

Science.gov (United States)

Kohara, Kotaro; Taira, Takaomi; Horisawa, Shiro; Hanada, Tomoko; Kawamata, Takakazu

2017-11-01

Tardive dystonia is a movement disorder related to the use of dopamine-receptor-blocking drugs. Several reports have shown that deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus(GPi-DBS)is effective in treating tardive dystonia. However, a few reports demonstrated the efficacy of ablation of the GPi(pallidotomy). We herein report a case of tardive dystonia successfully treated with bilateral pallidotomy. A 32-year-old man developed severe tardive dystonia 10 years after the chronic use of antipsychotic drugs. Withdrawal of the drugs and botulinum toxin injections were ineffective. The patient underwent bilateral pallidotomy for tardive dystonia because of rejection of the implanted DBS devices. Significant improvement was observed, with a 95% decrease in the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale(BFMDRS)movement score, and no severe adverse events occurred. Symptomatic relief persisted for nine months. Pallidotomy is a feasible and efficacious procedure for tardive dystonia treatment without the use of hardware implantations.

Increased putamen volume in adults with autism spectrum disorder

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wataru eSato

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Basal ganglia (BG abnormalities are implicated in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD. However, studies measuring the volume of the entire BG in individuals with ASD have reported discrepant findings, and no study conducted volume measurement of the entire substructures of the BG (the caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, and globus pallidus in individuals with ASD. We delineated the BG substructures and measured their volumes in 29 adults with ASD without intellectual disabilities and 29 age- and gender-matched typically developed adult controls. We acquired T1-weighted anatomical images and performed semi-automated delineation and volume measurements of the above-mentioned subregions. Total cerebral volumes, sex, and ages were partialed out. Compared with controls, the putamen was significantly larger in the ASD group. The increased volume of the putamen found in high-functioning adults with ASD suggests that structural or histological abnormalities of the putamen may underlie the pathologies of ASD such as repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and impaired social interactions.

Persistent Autobiographical Amnesia: A Case Report

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C. Repetto

2007-01-01

Full Text Available We describe a 47-year-old man who referred to the Emergency Department for sudden global amnesia and left mild motor impairment in the setting of increased arterial blood pressure. The acute episode resolved within 24 hours. Despite general recovery and the apparent transitory nature of the event, a persistent selective impairment in recollecting events from some specific topics of his personal life became apparent. Complete neuropsychological tests one week after the acute onset and 2 months later demonstrated a clear retrograde memory deficit contrasting with the preservation of anterograde memory and learning abilities. One year later, the autobiographic memory deficit was unmodified, except for what had been re-learnt. Brain MRI was normal while H20 brain PET scans demonstrated hypometabolism in the right globus pallidus and putamen after 2 weeks from onset, which was no longer present one year later. The absence of a clear pathomechanism underlying focal amnesia lead us to consider this case as an example of functional retrograde amnesia.

Therapeutic deep brain stimulation in Parkinsonian rats directly influences motor cortex.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Qian; Ke, Ya; Chan, Danny C W; Qian, Zhong-Ming; Yung, Ken K L; Ko, Ho; Arbuthnott, Gordon W; Yung, Wing-Ho

2012-12-06

Much recent discussion about the origin of Parkinsonian symptoms has centered around the idea that they arise with the increase of beta frequency waves in the EEG. This activity may be closely related to an oscillation between subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus. Since STN is the target of deep brain stimulation, it had been assumed that its action is on the nucleus itself. By means of simultaneous recordings of the firing activities from populations of neurons and the local field potentials in the motor cortex of freely moving Parkinsonian rats, this study casts doubt on this assumption. Instead, we found evidence that the corrective action is upon the cortex, where stochastic antidromic spikes originating from the STN directly modify the firing probability of the corticofugal projection neurons, destroy the dominance of beta rhythm, and thus restore motor control to the subjects, be they patients or rodents. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

La conformación de una frontera interna en las riberas del Tesechoacán

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Hoffmann , Odile; Palma , Rafael

2009-01-01

El capítulo trata de visualizar la lenta construcción regional en el Sur veracruzano, subrayando aquellos procesos históricos que intervienen en la configuración del municipio de Playa Vicente hasta llegar a su singular geografía actual. La diferenciación intra-regional fue un motor muy importante para los variados pulsos de colonización, esfuerzos que terminaron por incidir en las distinciones internas que hoy privan en el municipio: distinciones entre espacios poblados de otros despoblados,...

Auditoria interna de sistema de gestão ambiental: estudo de caso no Verdegreen Hotel

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Adriano Lucena da Silva; Isaiane Vieira de Melo; Diego Rodrigues de Lucena

2017-01-01

Esta pesquisa analisa as contribuições e os desafios associados às auditorias internas no Verdegreen Hotel, empreendimento hoteleiro de grande destaque na cidade de João Pessoa-PB, selecionado como unidade de estudo por dispor de um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental (SGA) ISO 14001 implantado e certificado. Este estudo trata de uma pesquisa descritiva, baseada em um estudo de caso qualitativo. As técnicas utilizadas na metodologia foram: levantamento bibliográfico sobre as normas ISO que abordam as...

Internação domiciliar: o perfil dos pacientes assistidos pelo Programa HU em Casa Home care: profile of patients attended by a home care program

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Daniella Reis Barbosa Martelli

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Internação domiciliar é uma modalidade de atendimento à saúde que está se transformando em uma alternativa importante para minimizar alguns dos principais problemas inerentes aos sistemas de saúde vigentes, especialmente os da rede pública. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico da população assistida pelo Programa de Internação Domiciliar (PID HU em Casa do Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. O estudo foi descritivo e retrospectivo por meio da análise de prontuários, realizada de maio de 2005 a maio de 2008. Foram analisados 137 pacientes, sendo 75 do gênero feminino (54,7% e 62 do masculino (45,3%. O grupo de 61 a 80 anos foi mais prevalente (37,2% e 73% dos pacientes residiam em bairros periféricos do município de Montes Claros-MG. Dos agravos mais comuns na primeira internação, a pneumonia foi prevalente, 22 casos (16,1%. A maioria dos pacientes foi encaminhada ao PID pela clinica médica (84,7%, com intervalo de maior prevalência de duas a três internações (42,4%. Do total de pacientes, 120 (87,6% permaneceram internados por 16 a 30 dias e 51,8% não necessitaram passar novamente pelo PID para uma segunda internação. Com relação à resolutividade clínica, 130 (94,9% tiveram alta clínica, no PID, na primeira internação. O PID mostrou-se ser um programa de alta resolutividade, atendendo mais ao público idoso feminino, de baixa renda e com períodos de internação relativamente curtos.The home care is a modality of health care which is becoming an important alternative to minimize some of mainly relevant problems of world health, especially the public health network. This paper aimed to describe the socio-demographic and clinical population assisted by the Home Care Program HU em Casa, of the University Hospital Clemente de Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. It is a descriptive and retrospective study analyzing

Migración interna indígena desde el Istmo veracruzano: nuevas articulaciones regionales

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Emilia Velázquez Hernández

2013-07-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las nuevas articulaciones regionales que se crean a través de las migraciones internas. Para ello, se toma como estudio de caso las migraciones que desde mediados de la década de 1990 se realizan desde el Istmo veracruzano hacia la frontera norte de México y los campos de agricultura intensiva de Sinaloa. Se muestra que, a través de la migración laboral de trabajadores nahuas y popolucas de la Sierra de Santa Marta, regiones antes inconexas se articulan actualmente de manera desigual.

UN ANÁLISIS ESPACIAL DE LAS MIGRACIONES INTERNAS EN COLOMBIA (2000-2005

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ADRIANA CAROLINA SILVA ARIAS

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este documento es realizar un análisis espacial acerca de la dinámica de las migraciones internas recientes en Colombia; en específico durante el periodo del 2000-2005 con base en información censal. Así, se identifica mediante un modelo gravitacional que los flujos migratorios inter-departamentales en Colombia se dirigieron hacia los departamentos más poblados, con mayores ingresos y con tradición migratoria. En adición, se encuentra que durante este mismo periodo Guaviare fue el departamento donde se presentó una mayor probabilidad de emigrar y hacia las zonas vecinas; por otro lado, Antioquia fue el departamento donde se presentó menor probabilidad de emigrar.

Evaluación del funcionamiento de motores de combustión interna trabajando con biodiesel.

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R. Piloto Rodríguez; R. Sierens; S. Verhelst; N. Ferrer Frontela

2008-01-01

En el presente trabajo se determinó la característica exterior de velocidad para dos motores de combustión interna trabajando con combustible biodiesel procedente de varias fuentes naturales y se comparó con la característica exterior de velocidad de los motores originalmente trabajando con combustible diesel. Los motores fueron evaluados con variaciones de carga y velocidad. En uno de los motores ensayados fue determinada la presión en el interior de la cámara de combustión con el objetivo d...

Fatores associados às internações hospitalares no Brasil Analysis of hospital admissions associated factors in Brazil

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Mônica Silva Monteiro de Castro

2002-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo foi identificar fatores associados às admissões hospitalares no Brasil, analisando se essa utilização é eqüitativa e identificando características associadas aos grandes usuários. A PNAD/1998 foi analisada, utilizando regressão logística e regressão logística multinomial, com pesos normalizados e técnicas estatísticas para correção do efeito de desenho. O modelo teórico utilizado foi o Comportamental de Andersen. No modelo ajustado por necessidade de saúde e fatores capacitantes, pessoas com menor renda apresentaram maior chance de se internar; o contrário ocorreu no modelo ajustado somente por necessidade de saúde. Todas as variáveis de necessidade mostraram-se menos relacionadas ao uso nas pessoas com duas internações, em comparação com aquelas com mais do que duas internações. Não houve associação entre variáveis sociais e ocorrência de duas internações, mas essa associação ocorreu para três ou mais internações. A redução das desigualdades sociais nos aspectos que "capacitam" ao uso de admissões hospitalares reduziria as desigualdades neste uso. Um sistema de saúde que ofereça um "serviço de uso regular", além de baixo ou nenhum pagamento no ato do consumo, seriam medidas de impacto positivo na eqüidade do consumo de serviços hospitalares no Brasil.The objective was to identify hospital admission associated factors in Brazil, analyzing if that utilization is equitable and identifying which characteristics are associated with heavy users. We analyzed data from the 1998 National Household Survey, using logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression, with normalized weights and statistical techniques to correct for design effect. We used Andersen's Behavioral Model as the theoretical model for this analysis. In model adjusted for health needs and enabling factors, people with smaller income had more chance of being admitted to hospital; and in model adjusted only for health

Characterization of a novel protease from Aeribacillus pallidus strain VP3 with potential biotechnological interest.

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Mechri, Sondes; Ben Elhoul Berrouina, Mouna; Omrane Benmrad, Maroua; Zaraî Jaouadi, Nadia; Rekik, Hatem; Moujehed, Emna; Chebbi, Alif; Sayadi, Sami; Chamkha, Mohamed; Bejar, Samir; Jaouadi, Bassem

2017-01-01

The present study investigates the purification and physico-chemical characterization of an extracellular protease from the Aeribacillus pallidus strain VP3 previously isolated from a geothermal oil-field (Sfax, Tunisia). The maximum protease activity recorded after 22h of incubation at 45°C was 3000U/ml. Pure enzyme, designated as SPVP, was obtained after ammonium sulfate fractionation (40-60%)-dialysis followed by heat-treatment (70°C for 30min) and UNO Q-6 FPLC anion-exchange chromatography. The purified enzyme is a monomer of molecular mass about 29kDa. The sequence of the 25 NH 2 -terminal residues of SPVP showed a high homology with those of Bacillus proteases. The almost complete inhibition by PMSF and DIFP confirmed that SPVP is a member of serine protease family. Its optima of pH and temperature were pH 10 and 60°C, respectively. Its half-life times at 70 and 80°C were 8 and 4h, respectively. Its catalytic efficiency was higher than those of SAPCG, Alcalase Ultra 2.5L, and Thermolysin type X. SPVP exhibited excellent stability to detergents and wash performance analysis revealed that it could remove blood-stains effectively and high resistance against organic solvents. These properties make SPVP a potential candidate for applications in detergent formulations and non-aqueous peptide biocatalysis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Diagnóstico situacional de las internas del establecimiento penitenciario de Concepción

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Carlos Soria Parra

2012-06-01

Full Text Available El sistema penitenciario en el país está a cargo del Instituto Nacional Penitenciario (INPE, que administra un total de 66 establecimientos, organizados en ocho Oficinas Regionales (OR. De acuerdo con el artículo 139 la Constitución Política, este organismo público descentralizado del Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos tiene, como ente rector del sistema penitenciario nacional, la responsabilidad de hacer que los internos ocupen establecimientos adecuados (inciso 21 y que alcancen la reeducación, rehabilitación y reincorporación a la sociedad (inciso 22. Ambas responsabilidades, sin embargo, son claramente incumplidas. Las cárceles padecen hoy de sobrepoblación y hacinamiento sorprendentes, y es más, de condiciones adecuadas para impulsar seriamente el complejo proceso de reeducación, rehabilitación y reincorporación. Lo peor es que la sobrepoblación ya se hace incontrolable. El último año, de junio del 2011 a junio del 2012, la población de internos, según informe del INPE, llegó a 58 019, y alcanzó un asombroso crecimiento de 19,4%, es decir, 9 433 presos más. Las razones de todo este problema, sin duda, son tan diversas, que inclusive van más allá de las decisiones del propio organismo. Es conocido que esta situación es dramática en las cárceles de Lima y Callao, pero no deja de ser preocupante en el interior del país. Los autores - la mayoría - estando desempeñandonos en la Policía Nacional del Perú y siendo a la vez estudiantes de Derecho, quisimos conocer esta realidad en las cárceles en Huancayo, conformantes de la Oficina Regional Centro, y por está razón se comprometió en apoyar a las internas a través de un proceso de asesoría legal, previo estudio sobre la situación del Establecimiento Penitenciario de Mujeres de Concepción, una de la ocho cárceles de mujeres existentes en el país y la única en la zona centro. Su capacidad de albergue es para 55 internas. Está ubicada en la provincia

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in delayed encephalopathy of acute carbon monoxide poisoning - comparison with CT -

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chang, Kee Hyun; Suh, Chang Hae; Choo, In Wook

1986-01-01

Eleven magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomographic (CT) imaging were performed in nine patients with mild to moderate degree of delayed neuropsychiatric symptoms following acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, to evaluate the capability of MR in demonstrating any additional finding to CT. The MR images were obtained using 0.15 Tesla resistive system with various combination of three pulse sequences, including partial saturation recovery, T2-weighted spin echo and inversion recovery. Bilateral white matter abnormalities suggesting demyelination were demonstrated in 4 patients with MR and in only 2 patients with CT. The contrast discrimination between normal and abnormal white matter proved to be better with T2-weighted spin echo and inversion recovery than with partial saturation recovery and CT. But necrosis of the globus pallidus (1 patient) and diffuse atrophy (3 patients) were equally demonstrated on both MR and CT. It is suggested that MR be used as a initial imaging method in the evaluation of the delayed encephalopathy following acute CO poisoning, especially for the detection of the possible white matter lesions. Acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning produces hypoxia by displacing oxygen from hemoglobin and preventing its release from hemoglobin in tissues, often resulting in fetal event. Victims who survive acute CO poisoning may have various delayed symptoms and signs. Occasionally, an apparent recovery is followed within two days to three weeks by a sudden neurological deterioration. The degree of neuropsychiatric symptoms depends upon the extent and severity of the pathologic changes in the brain. The pathologic effects of CO poisoning are present in almost all organs of patients. However, the most important changes occur in the brain, which consist of necrosis of the globus pallidus and reticular zone of the substantia nigra, and the degeneration of the cerebral white matter. The diagnostic superiority of magnetic resonance (MR) over CT has already

Las migraciones internas de los latinoamericanos en España: del boom a la crisis económica

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Fernando GIL-ALONSO

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Las migraciones internas de la población de nacionalidad extranjera en España se caracterizan por su elevada intensidad, redistribuyendo a la población en el territorio. El objetivo de este artículo es el estudio del colectivo latinoamericano, que con más de 1,7 millones de personas se configuran como una de las comunidades extranjeras más importantes. Mientras sus principales características socio-demográficas han sido ampliamente investigadas -la feminización de los flujos migratorios y del stock de residentes, o su especialización laboral en los servicios-, sus pautas migratorias internas son menos conocidas. El primer objetivo del artículo es analizar la intensidad y las direcciones predominantes de su movilidad en el interior de España, tanto de larga distancia (interprovinciales como de corto radio (intraprovinciales, especial atención en los flujos de suburbanización en Madrid y Barcelona. El segundo objetivo es conocer el impacto de la crisis económica sobre dicha movilidad. Para ello se utilizarán los datos de la Estadística de Variaciones Residenciales junto a los del Padrón continuo.

A Consultoria Interna de Recursos Humanos como Prática Catalisadora da Gestão do Conhecimento Organizacional

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Dante Marciano Girardi

2009-09-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8077.2009v11n25p151   Este artigo objetiva analisar a contribuição da Consultoria Interna de Recursos Humanos para a Gestão do Conhecimento nas indústrias catarinenses de grande porte. Os procedimentos metodológicos seguiram a linha qualitativa, por meio da pesquisa descritiva e aplicada. Foram entrevistadas sete das maiores empresas catarinenses em número de funcionários. Utilizou-se análise documental e de conteúdo. Quanto aos resultados, a consultoria interna auxilia principalmente nas etapas de socialização e externalização do conhecimento. Além disso, se implementada na sua totalidade e dada autonomia ao consultor interno, permite uma maior interação nos níveis individual, grupal e organizacional descritos por Sabbag (2007. Assim, pode-se perceber que as empresas que possuem maior grau de autonomia, bem como maior nível de implementação são aquelas que os processos são mais compartilhados, socializados e internalizados pelos funcionários. Dessa forma, pode-se afirmar que, nas empresas analisadas, o desenvolvimento dos processos de CIRH catalisa os resultados da Gestão do Conhecimento nas mesmas.

Manual de buenas prácticas de comunicación interna en la Biblioteca Universitaria (BUA)

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Biblioteca Universitaria

2017-01-01

Todo cuanto hace la biblioteca es comunicación, voluntaria o involuntariamente. La comunicación no es una actividad opcional. La biblioteca comunica sí o sí, lo sepa o no, lo quiera o no, consciente o inconscientemente… (adaptación al campo de la biblioteca de las palabras de Daniel Scheisohn). Con estas premisas comenzamos este Manual de buenas prácticas de comunicación interna en la BUA, con el objetivo de orientar, de una manera sencilla y práctica, hacia las herramientas, técnicas y canal...

Gerenciando equipes de design interna e externa no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos: caso de duas empresas calçadistas do sul do Brasil.

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Andréa Capra

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Esse artigo trata da inserção do design no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos em duas empresas da indústria calçadista da região do Vale do Paranhana, no Rio Grande do Sul. Essas empresas podem trabalhar com diferentes tipos de equipes, interna, externa ou mista e, entender as vantagens e desvantagens de cada tipo de equipe é fundamental ao determinar a melhor opção para a empresa. Porém, pouco tem-se estudado buscando essa relação entre equipes de design e desenvolvimento de produtos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar o gerenciamento de equipes de design, interna e externa, no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos de empresas da indústria calçadista. Para isso, um estudo de caso foi realizado através da análise do caso de uma empresa que trabalhava com os dois tipos de equipes. Com a realização desta pesquisa, foi possível estudar a forma de atuação e gerenciamento das equipes interna e externa de design no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos. Os resultados indicam que diferenças nas formas de atuação e gerenciamento de cada equipe estão relacionados com a autonomia decisória conferida para equipe no início do desenvolvimento de novos projetos.

Parámetros y factores asociados a la dilución interna en yacimientos cubanos de níquel y cobalto

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Lázaro Fernández-Martínez

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este trabajo fue establecer, en los yacimientos cubanos de níquel y cobalto, los elementos que condicionan e identifican las intercalaciones de baja ley, generadoras de dilución interna, para su posterior separación durante el laboreo minero. La observación y la interpretación de datos geológicos y geoquímicos de pozos y frentes de explotación permitieron diferenciar, según su naturaleza geológica o minera, los distintos elementos que engloban los parámetros y factores vinculados con la dilución interna. Son los parámetros y factores geoquímicos del componente geológico los que mejor caracterizan las intercalaciones a partir de muestras de perforación, mientras que el control de campo es, dentro del componente minero, el que mejor permite identificar (y separar las intercalaciones inmediatamente antes del ingreso de las menas al proceso industrial, en virtud del potencial selectivo de la tecnología minera y de los equipos de arranque actuales.

Análisis de consistencia interna mediante Alfa de Cronbach: un programa basado en gráficos dinámicos

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Rubén Ledesma

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta una herramienta informática original que permite realizar análisis de consistencia interna (modelo Alfa de Cronbach utilizando métodos gráficos dinámicos. Se trata de un módulo basado en la filosofía del Análisis Exploratorio de Datos y en métodos de visualización estadística, diseñado para asistir al analista en el proceso de construcción de pruebas psicológicas. La herramienta permite analizar la consistencia interna de la prueba, las propiedades de los ítems que la componen, los patrones de respuesta de los sujetos a los ítems, y el efecto de la eliminación de los ítems y del incremento en la longitud de la prueba sobre su fiabilidad. En comparación con otros programas existentes, el beneficio del módulo es la incorporación de gráficos estadísticos dinámicos como complemento a la presentación de resultados convencionales en formato texto.

Relatório de estágio: auditoria interna e controlo de gestão

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Pinho, Marisa Ferreira Alves de

2014-01-01

O presente relatório resulta do estágio curricular realizado na Divisão Municipal de Auditoria Interna, Planeamento e Sistemas de Informação do Município de Oliveira de Azeméis (MOA), no âmbito do Mestrado Contabilidade e Administração Pública e propõe-se divulgar as atividades desenvolvidas ao longo do estágio bem como a propor um método para integração da Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) no Plano Global de Gestão dos Riscos Organizacionais (PGGRO), aplicado à Divisão Municipal de Em...

Selección interna: el control de la filogenia por la ontogenia en una perspectiva variacional

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Gustavo Caponi

2009-11-01

Full Text Available La idea de selección interna, propuesta originalmente por Lancelot Whyte, no sólo sirve para entender el papel causal que los constreñimientos del desarrollo tienen en evolución; sino que además puede hacernos comprender de qué modo esos factores organísmicos o internos, cuya importancia la Biología Evolucionaria del Desarrollo hoy quiere rescatar, son pasibles de ser considerados desde una perspectiva variacional o seleccional compatible, pero no asimilable, a la Teoría de la Selección Natural. Así, considerado como un concepto autónomo y diferente al de selección natural, el concepto de selección interna puede permitirnos comprender de qué modo eso que Wallace Arthur llama developmental bias constituye una causa, efectiva y positiva, de transformaciones evolutivas irreversibles y acumulables.The idea of internal selection, originally proposed by Lancelot Whyte, not only helps to understand the causal role that the developmental constraints have in evoltion, but it can also show how these organismic or internal factors, which relevancy the Evolutionary Developmental Biology remarks today, can be considered from a variational or selectional perspective that is compatible with, but not reducible to, Natural Selection Theory. Thus, being considered as a concept autonomous and different from natural selection, the concept of internal selection can allow us to understand how that phenomenon that Wallace Arthur calls developmental bias constitutes an effective and positive cause of irreversible and cumulative evolutionary changes.

Diagnóstico del estado situacional de la comunicación interna en Amanco-Costa Rica

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Paola Rojas Lobo

2009-06-01

Full Text Available El presente articulo resume el trabajo de graduacion titulado "Diagnostico del estado situacional de los procesos de comunicacion interna generados por el Departamento de Recursos Humanos de Amanco Costa Rica, durante el II semestre del 2006 y primer semestre del 2007" para optar por el grado de Master en comunicacion con enfasis en mercadeo. Este trabajo busca demostrar como la comunicacion interna en una organizacion permite generar un compromiso en los colaboradores con las labores de la empresa, ayuda a tomar decisiones congruentes, consolida las politicas y la identidad de la organizacion, integra al personal, delimita roles laborales, satisface las necesidades de los clientes internos y los motiva, mejora la calidad de vida de los colaboradores, genera una buena sinergia de trabajo, descentraliza funciones, maximiza el aprovechamiento de oportunidades, reduce los conflictos, mejora la comunicacion entre departamentos, mejora las adaptaciones al cambio, genera un sentido de pertenencia y aumenta la productividad de los procesos y del recurso humano. Para efectuar el diagnostico, se elaboro una serie de variables las cuales fueron convalidadas a traves de los mapeos y diagramas de los procesos comunicacionales de la empresa; ademas, se ejecuto un periodo de observacion estructurado donde se recaudo la mayor cantidad de informacion por medio de la revision de documentos, reuniones, entrevistas, convivencia y el analisis de procesos y macroprocesos. Igualmente, se efectuo entrevistas a profundidad estructuradas a personas claves, quienes se designaron por el mapeo, liderazgo y por sus roles laborales; asi como, una encuesta.

Análise das internações por doenças respiratórias em Tangará da Serra - Amazônia Brasileira Analysis of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in Tangará da Serra, Brazil

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Antonia Maria Rosa

2008-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar as internações hospitalares por doenças respiratórias em menores de 15 anos de idade em uma área com elevados níveis de poluição ambiental. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal da morbidade hospitalar por doenças respiratórias de residentes no município de Tangará da Serra (MT na Amazônia brasileira, no período de 2000 a 2005, através de dados de internações hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro e de estimativas populacionais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. RESULTADOS: Em 2005, a taxa de internações por doenças respiratórias em menores de 15 anos foi de 70,1/1.000 crianças na microrregião de Tangará da Serra. Entre 2000 a 2005 ocorreram, no município de Tangará da Serra, 12.777 internações de crianças, das quais 8.142 (63,7% por doenças respiratórias. No período da seca (maio a outubro houve 10% mais internações por doenças respiratórias que no período da chuva (novembro a abril. As principais causas de internação foram: pneumonias (90,7% e insuficiência respiratória (8,5%. Em menores de 5 anos de idade, as internações por pneumonia foram mais de 4 vezes o esperado para o município. Os menores de 12 meses de idade foram mais frequentemente internados, com incremento médio de 32,4 internações por 1.000 crianças a cada ano. CONCLUSÕES: Tangará da Serra tem apresentado elevado número de internações por doenças respiratórias, portanto, é coerente considerá-lo como área prioritária para investigação e monitoramento dos fatores de risco ambientais para tais doenças.OBJECTIVE: To analyze hospitalizations for respiratory diseases among children under 15 years of age in an area with high levels of environmental pollution. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases of patients residing in the city of Tangará da Serra, located in the state of Mato Grosso (Brazilian Amazon region, from 2000 to 2005. Data on

Consistência interna da versão em português do Mini-Inventário de Fobia Social (Mini-SPIN Internal consistency of the Portuguese version of the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN

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Gustavo J. Fonseca D'El Rey

2007-01-01

Full Text Available CONTEXTO: A fobia social é um grave transtorno de ansiedade que traz incapacitação e sofrimento. OBJETIVOS: Investigar a consistência interna da versão em português do Mini-Inventário de Fobia Social (Mini-SPIN. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo da consistência interna do Mini-SPIN em uma amostra de 206 estudantes universitários da cidade de São Paulo, SP. RESULTADOS: A consistência interna do instrumento, analisada pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, foi de 0,81. CONCLUSÕES: Esses achados permitiram concluir que a versão em português do Mini-SPIN exibiu resultados de boa consistência interna, semelhantes aos da versão original em inglês.BACKGROUND: Social phobia is a severe anxiety disorder that brings disability and distress. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the internal consistency of the Portuguese version of the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN. METHODS: We conducted a study of internal consistency of the Mini-SPIN in a sample of 206 college students of the city of São Paulo, SP. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the instrument, analyzed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, was 0.81. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the Portuguese version of the Mini-SPIN has a good internal consistency, similar to those obtained with the original English version.

Trauma torácico: importância da antibioticoterapia sobre o tempo de internação

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Fontelles Mauro José

2001-01-01

Full Text Available No que tange a comprovada eficácia da drenagem pleural fechada, grande controvérsia ainda persiste em relação ao uso associado da antibioticoterapia. Os autores estudaram 167 pacientes, com trauma isolado do tórax, com objetivo de avaliar a importância do uso do antibiótico sobre o tempo de internação pós-drenagem pleural fechada. Dois grupos de pacientes foram incluídos num estudo longitudinal e prospectivo de acompanhamento de coortes. O grupo controle incluiu 104 pacientes sem uso da antibioticoterapia; no grupo experimental, 63 pacientes receberam a cefalotina sódica no pós-operatório (500 mg IV - 6/6 h. Entre os pacientes estudados, 12 (7.2% apresentavam trauma fechado; 98 (58.6%, ferimento por arma branca; 41 (24.6% ferida por projétil de arma de fogo e, 16 (9.6% lesões por outros agentes vulnerantes. Entre os pacientes do grupo controle o tempo médio de permanência hospitalar foi de 5.7± 3.2 dias e, no grupo com antibiótico, 5.7± 2.9 dias. Os resultados mostraram que nos pacientes que não receberam antibiótico e evoluíram com algum tipo de complicação pleuropulmonar, o tempo de internação foi, em média, 3.2 dias maior que nos demais.

Aneurisma de artéria ilíaca interna roto: relato de caso Ruptured internal iliac artery aneurysm: case report

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Cristina Toledo Afonso

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Aneurismas isolados da artéria ilíaca interna são raros, acometem 0,1% da população e correspondem a 1% dos aneurismas aorto-ilíacos. Na maioria das vezes, os pacientes são assintomáticos, mas podem apresentar dor abdominal, massa pulsátil no hipogástrio ou na fossa ilíaca, sintomas compressivos urinários, gastrointestinais ou neurológicos. Podem ocasionar quadro de abdome agudo, principalmente quando há ruptura. O diagnóstico precoce dos aneurismas isolados de artéria ilíaca interna é incomum, sendo identificados quando mais volumosos ou rotos, o que aumenta significativamente sua morbimortalidade e torna seu prognóstico mais reservado. Dessa forma, representam um desafio terapêutico. A ligadura cirúrgica tem sido o tratamento mais comum, entretanto a cirurgia endovascular tem mostrado bons resultados, inclusive nos aneurismas rotos. É relatado caso de aneurisma de artéria ilíaca interna isolado roto diagnosticado durante laparotomia para abordagem de abdome agudo.Isolated internal iliac artery aneurysms are rare. They affect 0.1% of the population, and account for 1% of aortoiliac aneurysms. Patients are mostly asymptomatic, yet they can have abdominal pain, pulsatile mass in the hypogastrium or iliac fossa, or urinary, gastrointestinal or neurological compressive symptoms. Such aneurysms are likely to course with an acute abdomen, especially when ruptured. Early diagnosis of isolated internal iliac artery aneurysms is difficult, as they are more easily detected when larger or ruptured, which significantly raises their morbidity and mortality rate and determines a poor prognosis. Therefore, they are a therapeutic challenge. Surgical ligation has been the most common treatment; however, the endovascular approach has presented good outcomes, even in the event of ruptured aneurysms. A case of ruptured isolated iliac artery aneurysm diagnosed during a laparotomy (acute abdomen approach is reported.

Planejamento das atividades de auditoria interna nas universidades federais brasileiras: apresentação do embasamento normativo = Planning of the internal audit activities in Brazilian federal universities: presentation of the normative bases

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Orion Augusto Platt Neto

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta um enfoque normativo sobre o planejamento anual que deve serrealizado nas unidades de auditoria interna, componentes da estrutura administrativadas universidades federais brasileiras. Deste modo, o objetivo do artigo é apresentar asnormas relativas à elaboração e ao acompanhamento da execução do plano anual deatividades de auditoria interna, que devem ser seguidas pelas universidades federais.Trata-se de umapesquisa aplicada, de natureza qualitativa e de caráter exploratório. O âmbito da pesquisaé restrito às instituições dedicadas ao ensino superior, componentes da administraçãoindireta na esfera federal brasileira. Foi utilizada a análise documental da legislação brasileira sobre controle e auditoria interna na administração pública. A pesquisa queembasou o artigo justifica-se, entre outros motivos, como contribuição à literatura daárea, que sofre escassez quanto às referências direcionadas para a auditoria interna nasuniversidades. Como resultados, foram apresentadas as bases normativas mais recentesque regulam as o planejamento das atividades de auditoria interna nas universidadesfederais, bem como a elaboração do Plano Anual de Atividades da Auditoria Interna (PAINT.As ações de auditoria interna nas universidades federais têm sua base normativa derivadada Constituição Federal de 1988, que, nos artigos 70 e 74, trata do sistema de controleinterno do Poder Executivo Federal. A partir disso, o Decreto Presidencial nº 3.591/00definiu atribuições à Controladoria-Geral da União (CGU e à Secretaria Federal de Controle Interno (SFC para a edição de instruções normativas sobre controle e auditoria interna.This paper presents a normative approach about the annual planning that must becarried through by internal audit units that compose the administrative structure of theBrazilian federal universities. This way, the objective of the paper is to present thespecific rules related to the

GPi oscillatory activity differentiates tics from the resting state, voluntary movements, and the unmedicated parkinsonian state

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Joohi Jimenez-Shahed

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS is an emerging treatment strategy for severe, medication-refractory Tourette syndrome (TS. Thalamic (Cm-Pf and pallidal (including globus pallidus interna, GPi targets have been the most investigated. While the neurophysiological correlates of Parkinson’s disease (PD in the GPi and subthalamic nucleus (STN are increasingly recognized, these patterns are not well characterized in other disease states. Recent findings indicate that the cross-frequency coupling (CFC between beta band and high frequency oscillations (HFOs within the STN in PD patients is pathologic. Methods: We recorded intraoperative local field potentials (LFPs from the postero-ventrolateral GPi in three adult patients with TS at rest, during voluntary movements, and during tic activity and compared them to the intraoperative GPi-LFP activity recorded from four unmedicated PD patients at rest. Results: In all PD patients, we noted excessive beta band activity (13-30Hz at rest which consistently modulated the amplitude of the co-existent HFOs observed between 200-400Hz, indicating the presence of beta-HFO CFC. In all 3 TS patients at rest, we observed theta band activity (4-7Hz and HFOs. Two patients had beta band activity, though at lower power than theta oscillations. Tic activity was associated with increased high frequency (200-400Hz and gamma band (35-200Hz activity. There was no beta-HFO CFC in TS patients at rest. However, CFC between the phase of 5-10Hz band activity and the amplitude of HFOs was found in two TS patients. During tics, this shifted to CFC between the phase of beta band activity and the amplitude of HFOs in all subjects. Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first study that shows that beta-HFO CFC exists in the GPi of TS patients during tics and at rest in PD patients, and suggests that this pattern might be specific to pathologic/involuntary movements. Furthermore, our findings suggest that during tics, resting

Calcificación simétrica y bilateral de ganglios basales. Serie de casos y revisión de la literatura.

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Jiménez-Ruiz, Amado; Cárdenas-Sáenz, Omar; Ruiz-Sandoval, José Luis

2018-01-01

La calcificación bilateral y simétrica de los ganglios basales es un hallazgo infrecuente que a veces no ocasiona síntomas. Su prevalencia aumenta con la edad y el sitio más afectado es el globo pálido. Se describe una serie de siete casos con diagnóstico clínico y por imagen de calcificación de ganglios basales, atendidos entre 2012 y 2016 en el Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde. Las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes fueron alteración del estado de alerta, cefalea y crisis convulsivas. Se identificó un caso con trastornos del movimiento; no hubo casos con demencia o tetania. La calcificación de los ganglios puede estar relacionada con cambios neurodegenerativos por la edad, pero puede ser la manifestación inicial de una variedad de patologías sistémicas, incluyendo trastornos del metabolismo del calcio, intoxicación por diversos agentes, enfermedades autoinmunes y genéticas. Se debe hacer la correlación de los hallazgos de imagen típicos con manifestaciones clínicas y resultados de laboratorio para llegar a un dictamen definitivo. Symmetric, bilateral basal ganglia calcification is rare finding that sometimes occurs asymptomatically. Its prevalence increases with age, and the most affected site is the globus pallidus. A series of seven cases with clinical and imaging diagnosis of basal ganglia calcification, recorded during the 2012 to 2016 period at the Department of Internal Medicine of the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde, is presented. Most common clinical presentation was with altered alertness, headache and seizures. There was one case with movement disorders; there were no cases identified with dementia or tetany. Ganglia calcification can be associated with age-related neurodegenerative changes, but it can be an initial manifestation of a variety of systemic pathologies, including disorders of the calcium metabolism, intoxication by different agents, and autoimmune

Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: meta-analysis of results of randomized trials at varying lengths of follow-up.

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Mansouri, Alireza; Taslimi, Shervin; Badhiwala, Jetan H; Witiw, Christopher D; Nassiri, Farshad; Odekerken, Vincent J J; De Bie, Rob M A; Kalia, Suneil K; Hodaie, Mojgan; Munhoz, Renato P; Fasano, Alfonso; Lozano, Andres M

2018-04-01

OBJECTIVE Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective in the management of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). While both the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) are accepted targets, their relative efficacy in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has not been established beyond 12 months. The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of RCTs to compare outcomes among adults with PD undergoing DBS of GPi or STN at various time points, including 36 months of follow-up. METHODS The MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched. Registries for clinical trials, selected conference proceedings, and the table of contents for selected journals were also searched. Screens were conducted independently and in duplicate. Among the 623 studies initially identified (615 through database search, 7 through manual review of bibliographies, and 1 through a repeat screen of literature prior to submission), 19 underwent full-text review; 13 of these were included in the quantitative meta-analysis. Data were extracted independently and in duplicate. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias. The GRADE evidence profile tool was used to assess the quality of the evidence. Motor scores, medication dosage reduction, activities of daily living, depression, dyskinesias, and adverse events were compared. The influence of disease duration (a priori) and the proportion of male patients within a study (post hoc) were explored as potential subgroups. RESULTS Thirteen studies (6 original cohorts) were identified. No difference in motor scores or activities of daily living was identified at 36 months. Medications were significantly reduced with STN stimulation (5 studies, weighted mean difference [WMD] -365.46, 95% CI -599.48 to -131.44, p = 0.002). Beck Depression Inventory scores were significantly better with GPi stimulation (3 studies; WMD 2.53, 95% CI 0.99-4.06 p = 0.001). The

Modelo experimental estável de aneurisma sacular em artéria carótida de suínos utilizando veia jugular interna

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Severino Lourenço da Silva Júnior

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um modelo experimental estável de aneurisma sacular em carótida de suínos utilizando veia jugular interna. MÉTODOS: Em 12 suínos sadios, com peso variando entre 25 e 50kg, cinco machos e sete fêmeas, foi confeccionado aneurisma na artéria carótida comum direita. Após arteriotomia elíptica, foi realizada anastomose terminolateral com coto distal de veia jugular interna. O volume do aneurisma era calculado de maneira que o valor não excedesse em 27 vezes o valor da área da arteriotomia. Após seis dias, era realizada angiografia e análise microscópica do aneurisma para avaliar perviedade e trombose parcial ou total. RESULTADOS: Houve ganho de peso significante dos suínos no intervalo de tempo entre a confecção do aneurisma e a angiografia (p = 0,04. Foi observada perviedade aneurismática em dez suínos (83%. Ocorreram infecções de feridas operatórias em dois animais (16,6%, ambas com início de aparecimento em três dias após a confecção do aneurisma. Análise histológica dos aneurismas mostrou trombos ocluindo parcialmente a luz em nove suínos (75%. Nesses animais, observou-se que, em média, 9% da luz aneurismática estava preenchida por trombos. CONCLUSÃO: Pôde ser desenvolvido um modelo experimental estável de aneurisma sacular em carótida de suínos utilizando veia jugular interna.

Una sorprendente victoria: Menem y su red de apoyo en las elecciones internas del peronismo de 1988

OpenAIRE

Joaquín Baeza Belda

2010-01-01

1989 supuso para Argentina la llegada a la presidencia del justicialista Carlos Menem y el inicio de un sorprendente giro, dados los antecedentes de su partido, hacia políticas neoliberales. Como paso previo, sin embargo, Menem debió vencer en unas elecciones internas en las que partía, en principio, en clara desventaja ante el favorito Antonio Cafiero, gobernador de la provincia de Buenos Aires y líder de la llamada Renovación peronista. La sorprendente victoria de Menem en 1988 ha sido expl...

Trauma torácico: importância da antibioticoterapia sobre o tempo de internação

OpenAIRE

Fontelles, Mauro José; Mantovani, Mario

2001-01-01

No que tange a comprovada eficácia da drenagem pleural fechada, grande controvérsia ainda persiste em relação ao uso associado da antibioticoterapia. Os autores estudaram 167 pacientes, com trauma isolado do tórax, com objetivo de avaliar a importância do uso do antibiótico sobre o tempo de internação pós-drenagem pleural fechada. Dois grupos de pacientes foram incluídos num estudo longitudinal e prospectivo de acompanhamento de coortes. O grupo controle incluiu 104 pacientes sem uso da antib...

Condiciones motivacionales internas según los estilos de liderazgo del gerente, los directores, los coordinadores y los socios: el caso de una empresa de ingeniería e innovación (Medellín, Antioquia)

OpenAIRE

Hoyos Hoyos, José Froilán

2016-01-01

En esta investigación se indagó por las condiciones motivacionales internas definidas en un cuestionario psicométrico (logro, poder, afiliación, autorrealización, reconocimiento), según el estilo de liderazgo encontrado -- Se trata de condiciones motivacionales personales de índole interna y de carácter afectivo que permiten al individuo derivar sentimientos de agrado o desagrado de experiencias con eventos externos específicos o personas; como consecuencia de estos sentimientos, pueden gener...

[On the origin, course and influx-vessels of the V. basalis and the V. cerebri interna (author's transl)].

Science.gov (United States)

Lang, J; Köth, R; Reiss, G

1981-01-01

Origin, course and influx-vessels of the basal vein are investigated on 100 brains. An anterior formation of the basal vein (textbook) was found in 41%, a posterior formation in 34%. The different possibilities of drainage are examined procentually at the different types. Course and number of the different variations of the influx-vessels are taken into account: Vv. thalamostriata inferiores, gyri olfactorii, ventricularis inferior, peduncularis, cerebri interna, thalamostriata superioris, (terminalis), septi pellucidi anterior, septi pellucidi posterior, atrii medialis, atrii lateralis, nuclei caudati.

Condiciones de monitoreo para sistema de control de motores de combustión interna

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Elio Rafael Hidalgo-Batista

2016-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se presentan las insuficiencias existentes en el sistema de control de los motores de combustión interna pertenecientes a los grupos electrógenos, estas insuficiencias se determinaron luego de un análisis realizado al surgimiento de las fallas y a este sistema. Para la mejora del mismo se da a conocer un procedimiento que permite el seguimiento y procesamiento de las condiciones de monitoreo de estos equipos, el uso de este procedimiento ha permitido: definir los patrones de fallo de las tres variables (de ocho que se estudian que con mayor probabilidad se relacionan con el surgimiento de los fallos, mejorar el método comparativo y dos insuficiencias del sistema de control.

Coherencia interna y sincretismo teórico en la fundamentación constitucional mexicana

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Luis Eusebio Alberto Avendaño González

2014-10-01

Full Text Available En la teoría jurídica actual el ámbito constitucional es la plataforma para la garantía de los derechos y las libertades; sin embargo, la Constitución mexicana prevé supuestos que son excluyentes entre sí. Esta circunstancia implica prescribir en el nivel constitucional un derecho y, a su vez, un no derecho, lo que por consecuencia crea un sincretismo metodológico. Este texto, además de denunciar tal contradicción, defiende la premisa de que la Constitución requiere de coherencia interna. Dicha idea toma como base el principio de igualdad y la interpretación judicial, para adecuar la coherencia teórica y normativa de la carta constitucional.

Seasonal shifts in body temperature and use of microhabitats by Galapagos land iguanas (Conolophus pallidus)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Christian, K.; Tracy, C.R.; Porter, W.P.

1983-06-01

Seasonal differences in the body temperatures (T/sub b/) of free-ranging Galapagos land iguanas (Conolophus pallidus) were detected by temperature sensitive telemetry transmitters. Midday T/sub b/'s of iguanas average 4.4/sup 0/C lower in the Garua (cool) season than in the Hot season. Measured T/sub b/'s and those predicted from biophysical models permitted the following conclusions: (1) lower T/sub b/'s during the Garua season represent an active shift in thermoregulation by the iguanas rather than a passive result of a cooler season; (2) the average midday T/sub b/ selected by the iguanas in either season is the T/sub b/ that allows maintenance of a constant T/sub b/ for the longest possible portion of the day; (3) by exploiting the warmer microclimate created by a cliff face, the iguanas are able to maintain a constant T/sub b/ for a full hour longer than they could elsewhere in their home range. Census data demonstrated that the iguanas exploited the warmer microclimate created by the cliff extensively during the Garua season, and the cliff face was visited by the iguanas relatively infrequently during the Hot season. Thus, the exploitation of the microclimate created by the cliff results in seasonal differences in the pattern of space utilization within the home ranges of the iguanas. Within the Garua season the iguanas moved away from the cliff more often on sunny days than during cloudy days. It is concluded that the physical environment is an important determinant of patterns of space utilization both within and between seasons.

125I-iomazenil-benzodiazepine receptor binding during psychological stress in rats

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fukumitsu, Nobuyoshi; Tsuchida, Daisuke; Ogi, Shigeyuki; Uchiyama, Mayuki; Mori, Yutaka

2002-01-01

We investigated the changes in 125 I-iomazenil ( 125 I-IMZ) benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) binding with psychological stress in a rat model. Six male Wistar rats were placed under psychological stress for 1 hour by using a communication box. No physical stress was not received. 1.85 MBq of 125 I-IMZ was injected into the lateral tail vein and the rat was killed 3 hours later. Twenty-micormeter-thick sections of the brain were collected and % injected dose per body weight (% ID/BW) of eleven regions (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital cortices, caudate putamen, accumubens nuclei, globus pallidus, amygdala, thalamus, hippocampus and hypothalamus) were calculated by autoradiography. The %ID/BW of rats which were placed under psychological stress was compared with that of 6 control rats. The %ID/BW of rats which were placed under psychological stress diffusely tended to show a reduction in 125 I-IMZ-BZR binding. A significant decrease in BZR binding was observed in the hippocampus of the rats which were placed under psychological stress. 125 I-IMZ-BZR binding tended to decrease throughout the brain. (author)

Deep brain stimulation changes basal ganglia output nuclei firing pattern in the dystonic hamster.

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Leblois, Arthur; Reese, René; Labarre, David; Hamann, Melanie; Richter, Angelika; Boraud, Thomas; Meissner, Wassilios G

2010-05-01

Dystonia is a heterogeneous syndrome of movement disorders characterized by involuntary muscle contractions leading to abnormal movements and postures. While medical treatment is often ineffective, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal pallidum improves dystonia. Here, we studied the impact of DBS in the entopeduncular nucleus (EP), the rodent equivalent of the human globus pallidus internus, on basal ganglia output in the dt(sz)-hamster, a well-characterized model of dystonia by extracellular recordings. Previous work has shown that EP-DBS improves dystonic symptoms in dt(sz)-hamsters. We report that EP-DBS changes firing pattern in the EP, most neurons switching to a less regular firing pattern during DBS. In contrast, EP-DBS did not change the average firing rate of EP neurons. EP neurons display multiphasic responses to each stimulation impulse, likely underlying the disruption of their firing rhythm. Finally, neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata display similar responses to EP-DBS, supporting the idea that EP-DBS affects basal ganglia output activity through the activation of common afferent fibers. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of the efficacy of deep brain stimulation in the surgical treatment of cervical dystonia.

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Calheiros-Trigo, Francisca; Linhares, Paulo

2014-01-01

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) is a promising therapeutic option for patients with medically refractory dystonia. We present the results after 1 year of DBS of the GPi in 4 patients with cervical dystonia. Four patients with medically refractory cervical dystonia who underwent stereotactic pallidal DBS surgery between June 2010 and November 2011 were included in this retrospective study. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery were performed using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). The 4 patients experienced a sustained improvement, with a mean TWSTRS reduction of 74.25%, at 12 months follow-up. Disability improved by 80.5% (mean) at 1 year follow-up. No stimulation-related side effects were reported. Pallidal DBS is a valid and effective second-line treatment for patients with cervical focal dystonia. Our results support its use in patients with an insufficient response to medical treatment. Copyright © 2013 Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

A neural mass model of basal ganglia nuclei simulates pathological beta rhythm in Parkinson's disease

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Liu, Fei; Wang, Jiang; Liu, Chen; Li, Huiyan; Deng, Bin; Fietkiewicz, Chris; Loparo, Kenneth A.

2016-12-01

An increase in beta oscillations within the basal ganglia nuclei has been shown to be associated with movement disorder, such as Parkinson's disease. The motor cortex and an excitatory-inhibitory neuronal network composed of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the external globus pallidus (GPe) are thought to play an important role in the generation of these oscillations. In this paper, we propose a neuron mass model of the basal ganglia on the population level that reproduces the Parkinsonian oscillations in a reciprocal excitatory-inhibitory network. Moreover, it is shown that the generation and frequency of these pathological beta oscillations are varied by the coupling strength and the intrinsic characteristics of the basal ganglia. Simulation results reveal that increase of the coupling strength induces the generation of the beta oscillation, as well as enhances the oscillation frequency. However, for the intrinsic properties of each nucleus in the excitatory-inhibitory network, the STN primarily influences the generation of the beta oscillation while the GPe mainly determines its frequency. Interestingly, describing function analysis applied on this model theoretically explains the mechanism of pathological beta oscillations.

The role of inhibition in generating and controlling Parkinson's disease oscillations in the basal ganglia

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Arvind eKumar

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Movement disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD are commonly associated with slow oscillations and increased synchrony of neuronal activity in the basal ganglia. The neural mechanisms underlying this dynamic network dysfunction, however, are only poorly understood. Here, we show that the strength of inhibitory inputs from striatum to globus pallidus external (GPe is a key parameter controlling oscillations in the basal ganglia. Specifically, the increase in striatal activity observed in PD is sufficient to unleash the oscillations in the basal ganglia. This finding allows us to propose a unified explanation for different phenomena: absence of oscillation in the healthy state of the basal ganglia, oscillations in dopamine-depleted state and quenching of oscillations under deep brain stimulation (DBS. These novel insights help us to better understand and optimize the function of DBS protocols. Furthermore, studying the model behaviour under transient increase of activity of the striatal neurons projecting to the indirect pathway, we are able to account for both motor impairment in PD patients and for reduced response inhibition in DBS implanted patients.

Image-guided preoperative prediction of pyramidal tract side effect in deep brain stimulation: proof of concept and application to the pyramidal tract side effect induced by pallidal stimulation.

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Baumgarten, Clement; Zhao, Yulong; Sauleau, Paul; Malrain, Cecile; Jannin, Pierre; Haegelen, Claire

2016-04-01

Deep brain stimulation of the medial globus pallidus (GPm) is a surgical procedure for treating patients suffering from Parkinson's disease. Its therapeutic effect may be limited by the presence of pyramidal tract side effect (PTSE). PTSE is a contraction time-locked to the stimulation when the current spreading reaches the motor fibers of the pyramidal tract within the internal capsule. The objective of the study was to propose a preoperative predictive model of PTSE. A machine learning-based method called PyMAN (PTSE model based on artificial neural network) accounting for the current used in stimulation, the three-dimensional electrode coordinates and the angle of the trajectory, was designed to predict the occurrence of PTSE. Ten patients implanted in the GPm have been tested by a clinician to create a labeled dataset of the stimulation parameters that trigger PTSE. The kappa index value between the data predicted by PyMAN and the labeled data was 0.78. Further evaluation studies are desirable to confirm whether PyMAN could be a reliable tool for assisting the surgeon to prevent PTSE during the preoperative planning.

MR imaging of the brain in neurofibromatosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuhn, J.P.; Cohen, M.L.; Duffner, P.K.; Seidel, F.; Harwood-Nash, D.

1986-01-01

Fifteen children and young adults with neurofibromatosis underwent CT and MR imaging (0.5-T superconducting magnet). Seven had optic gliomas and five had other intracranial neoplasms. Before thin-section MR imaging became available, CT was superior for demonstrating the optic nerves, although MR imaging better delineated tumor spread to the optic chiasm and tract. MR imaging was superior for demonstrating other gliomatous lesions associated with neurofibromatosis. Most lesions had long T1 and T2 values and were best seen on T2-weighted images. MR imaging revealed small areas of increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images in nearly half the patients. These lesions were not apparent on CT and were usually located in the globus pallidus, but were seen in many areas of the brain, commonly in the white matter, and in the brain steam and the cerebellar peduncles. Their exact etiology is unknown. Their imaging characteristics are somewhat different from those of gray matter. They may represent hamartomas or areas of glial scarring. Differentiation from a small glioma is presently not possible on a single examination

T2 relaxometry of brain in myotonic dystrophy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Di Costanzo, A.; Bonavita, V.; Tedeschi, G. [Inst. of Neurological Sciences, 2. Univ. of Naples (Italy); Di Salle, F. [Dept. of Biomorphological and Functional Sciences, Univ. ' ' Federico II' ' , Naples (Italy); Santoro, L. [Dept. of Neurological Sciences, University ' ' Federico II' ' , Naples (Italy)

2001-03-01

We investigated the nature and extent of brain involvement in myotonic dystrophy (DM), examining possible T2 relaxation abnormalities in the brain of 20 patients with adult-onset DM and 20 sex- and age-matched normal controls. Brain MRI was performed at 0.5 T, and T2 values were calculated from signal intensity in two echoes. Regions of interest included: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and callosal (rostral and splenial) normal-appearing white matter; frontal, occipital, insular and hippocampal cortex; caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus. All white-matter and occipital and right frontal cortex regions showed a significantly longer T2 in the patients. Multiple regression analysis, including grey- and white-matter T2 as dependent variables, plus age at onset and at imaging, disease duration, muscular disability, brain atrophy and CTG trinucleotide repeats as independent variables, revealed that only white-matter T2 elongation and disease duration correlated positively. White-matter involvement in DM is more extensive than previously reported by MRI and neuropathological studies and seems to be progressive in the course of disease. (orig.)

Study of the neural basis of striatal modulation of the jaw-opening reflex.

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Barceló, Ana C; Fillipini, B; Pazo, Jorge Horacio

2010-02-01

Previous experimental data from this laboratory demonstrated the participation of the striatum and dopaminergic pathways in central nociceptive processing. The objective of this study was to examine the possible pathways and neural structures associated with the analgesic action of the striatum. The experiments were carried out in rats anesthetized with urethane. The jaw-opening reflex (JOR) was evoked by electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp of lower incisors and recorded in the anterior belly of the digastric muscles. Intrastriatal microinjection of apomorphine, a nonspecific dopamine agonist, reduced or abolished the JOR amplitude. Electrolytic or kainic acid lesions, unilateral to the apomorphine-injected striatum, of the globus pallidus, substantia nigra pars reticulata, subthalamic nucleus and bilateral lesion the rostroventromedial medulla (RVM), blocked the inhibition of the JOR by striatal stimulation. These findings suggest that the main output nuclei of the striatum and the RVM may be critical elements in the neural pathways mediating the inhibition of the reflex response, evoked in jaw muscles by noxious stimulation of dental pulp.

Cerebral Activity Changes in Different Traditional Chinese Medicine Patterns of Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction Patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Qi; Zhang, Peihai; Pan, Junjie; Li, Zhengjie; Liu, Jixin; Li, Guangsen; Qin, Wei; You, Yaodong; Yu, Xujun; Sun, Jinbo; Dong, Minghao; Gong, Qiyong; Guo, Jun; Chang, Degui

2015-01-01

Background. Pattern differentiation is the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED). This study aims to investigate the differences in cerebral activity in ED patients with different TCM patterns. Methods. 27 psychogenic ED patients and 27 healthy subjects (HS) were enrolled in this study. Each participant underwent an fMRI scan in resting state. The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) was used to detect the brain activity changes in ED patients with different patterns. Results. Compared to HS, ED patients showed an increased cerebral activity in bilateral cerebellum, insula, globus pallidus, parahippocampal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and middle cingulate cortex (MCC). Compared to the patients with liver-qi stagnation and spleen deficiency pattern (LSSDP), the patients with kidney-yang deficiency pattern (KDP) showed an increased activity in bilateral brainstem, cerebellum, hippocampus, and the right insula, thalamus, MCC, and a decreased activity in bilateral putamen, medial frontal gyrus, temporal pole, and the right caudate nucleus, OFC, anterior cingulate cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex (P emotion-related regions, including prefrontal cortex and cingulated cortex.

T2 relaxometry of brain in myotonic dystrophy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Di Costanzo, A.; Bonavita, V.; Tedeschi, G.; Di Salle, F.; Santoro, L.

2001-01-01

We investigated the nature and extent of brain involvement in myotonic dystrophy (DM), examining possible T2 relaxation abnormalities in the brain of 20 patients with adult-onset DM and 20 sex- and age-matched normal controls. Brain MRI was performed at 0.5 T, and T2 values were calculated from signal intensity in two echoes. Regions of interest included: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and callosal (rostral and splenial) normal-appearing white matter; frontal, occipital, insular and hippocampal cortex; caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus. All white-matter and occipital and right frontal cortex regions showed a significantly longer T2 in the patients. Multiple regression analysis, including grey- and white-matter T2 as dependent variables, plus age at onset and at imaging, disease duration, muscular disability, brain atrophy and CTG trinucleotide repeats as independent variables, revealed that only white-matter T2 elongation and disease duration correlated positively. White-matter involvement in DM is more extensive than previously reported by MRI and neuropathological studies and seems to be progressive in the course of disease. (orig.)

Staged pallidotomy: MRI and clinical follow-up in status dystonicus.

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Franzini, Angelo; Levi, Vincenzo; Franzini, Andrea; Dones, Ivano; Messina, Giuseppe

2017-11-28

We report on a patient affected by Status Distonicus who was treated with Deep Brain Stimulation electrodes implanted in the Globus Pallidus internus (Gpi) and used for serial radiofrequency lesions. The evolution of radiofrequency lesions was monitored by post-operative and late Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). After the first lesion the patient did improve, though not in a significant fashion. Therefore, three further radiofrequency lesions were delivered 2, 4 and 6 days respectively after surgery with subsequent improvement of dystonic movements. MRI scans performed at 8 days, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery showed a diffuse T2-hyperintense and T1-hypointense GPi signal alteration which progressively decreased over time. We confirm that the possibility to stage pallidotomies over time using a couple of new contacts is a safe and efficacious procedure in treating SD patients where the lesions themselves are limited by the appearance of side effects, or in patients showing a poor response to a single lesion. As far as we know, this is the first description of MRI evolution and monitoring of a staged pallidotomy.

Subcortical regional morphology correlates with fluid and spatial intelligence.

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Burgaleta, Miguel; MacDonald, Penny A; Martínez, Kenia; Román, Francisco J; Álvarez-Linera, Juan; Ramos González, Ana; Karama, Sherif; Colom, Roberto

2014-05-01

Neuroimaging studies have revealed associations between intelligence and brain morphology. However, researchers have focused primarily on the anatomical features of the cerebral cortex, whereas subcortical structures, such as the basal ganglia (BG), have often been neglected despite extensive functional evidence on their relation with higher-order cognition. Here we performed shape analyses to understand how individual differences in BG local morphology account for variability in cognitive performance. Structural MRI was acquired in 104 young adults (45 men, 59 women, mean age = 19.83, SD = 1.64), and the outer surface of striatal structures (caudate, nucleus accumbens, and putamen), globus pallidus, and thalamus was estimated for each subject and hemisphere. Further, nine cognitive tests were used to measure fluid (Gf), crystallized (Gc), and spatial intelligence (Gv). Latent scores for these factors were computed by means of confirmatory factor analysis and regressed vertex-wise against subcortical shape (local displacements of vertex position), controlling for age, sex, and adjusted for brain size. Significant results (FDR intelligence-related prefrontal areas. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Effect of micro lesions of the basal ganglia on ballistic movements in patients with deep brain stimulation.

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Singh, Arun; Mehrkens, Jan H; Bötzel, Kai

2012-03-15

Bradykinesia and hypokinesia are the prominent symptoms of substantia nigra degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). In segmental dystonia, movements of not affected limbs are not impaired. Here we studied the impact of the mere implantation of stimulation electrodes on the performance of fast movements in these two groups. We investigated 9 PD patients with subthalamic electrodes and 9 patients with segmental dystonia with electrodes in the globus pallidus internum. Patients were studied on the first postoperative day without electrical stimulation of the electrodes. Subjects had to perform boxing movements with either touching the target or stopping the fist in front of the target. PD subjects performed significantly faster movements in the touch-task only as compared to dystonic patients. No difference was seen in the stopping task. In conclusion, our findings suggest that a small subthalamic lesion in individuals with PD specifically reverses bradykinesia during simple ballistic movements (touch) but not during complex ones requiring more pre-programming (no-touch paradigm). Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Manicômio em circuito: os percursos dos jovens e a internação psiquiátrica The psychiatric hospital circuit: the trajectories of yong people prior to psychiatric hospitalization

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Andrea Cristina Coelho Scisleski

2008-02-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa a internação psiquiátrica de jovens, tomando-a não a partir de uma perspectiva psicopatológica individual, mas de uma dimensão subjetivo-social com base nos percursos desses jovens até a internação. O estudo foi realizado no Centro Integrado de Atenção Psicossocial para crianças e adolescentes do Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro, na cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, por meio de oficinas com os jovens que estavam em atendimento na internação deste serviço. Percebeu-se uma recorrência que marca o percurso desses jovens e expressa um determinado modo de funcionamento da rede de atenção até a internação, acarretando na produção de um certo perfil desses jovens: pobreza sócio-econômica, baixa escolaridade e uso de drogas. Outro aspecto importante é o papel da ordem judicial nos encaminhamentos à internação, que obedece tanto a uma lógica de punição aos jovens e aos serviços, como também, paradoxalmente, constitui-se numa estratégia de acesso aos serviços de saúde.This article analyzes psychiatric hospitalization of young patients from a contemporary social-subjective (rather than a psychopathological perspective, following the trajectory of these youth prior to their admission. The study was conducted at the Center for Comprehensive Psychosocial Care for Children and Adolescents, São Pedro Psychiatric Hospital, in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Recurrent traits in the trajectory of these youth expressed how the health care network functioned with them prior to their hospitalization, with a consistent pattern of socioeconomic deprivation, low schooling, and drug use. Another key aspect was the role of the court system in referring them for hospitalization, adhering to a kind of logic that punished both the youth and the services and paradoxically formed a strategy for access to health services.

La influencia de la comunicación interna asertiva en el fortalecimiento de valores organizacionales de confianza en la empresa ANDICONS Constructora Andina Cía. Ltda. Sede Quito para el último trimestre del 2016

OpenAIRE

Moreno Clavijo, Eduardo Xavier

2017-01-01

La tesis se orienta a una investigación experiencial, sobre la influencia de la comunicación interna asertiva en los valores organizacionales de confianza, por medio de la metodología andragógica aprender haciendo, para demostrar la validez de ambas variables. El primer capítulo contiene una visión integral de la comunicación interna, la interpretación del marco teórico con base en conceptos e ideas de varios autores (Echeverría, Armengol, Castanyer, Del Pozo, Fernández, Frigoli, entre otros)...

Alternativas metodológicas para perfeccionar la adquisición de habilidades en residentes de Medicina Interna

OpenAIRE

Pérez Bada, Elvys; Pérez de Alejo Rodríguez, Marta; Lima León, Carlos Eddy; Bello Medina, Bienvenido; Cabrera Bermúdez, Yamila

2013-01-01

Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo con enfoque cualitativo en el Hospital Universitario "Arnaldo Milián Castro" de Villa Clara en el período comprendido entre septiembre del 2008 hasta julio del 2010, con el propósito de diseñar varias acciones metodológicas para perfeccionar la adquisición de habilidades del residente de Medicina Interna que se forma en esta institución. El proceso indagatorio fue concebido en tres etapas: diagnóstico, diseño de las acciones metodológicas y valoració...

Hacia una critica interna de la teoría del intercambio desigual de Emmanuel

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Garay S. Luis Jorge

1980-12-01

Full Text Available El presente ensayo constituye apenas una versión parcial y preliminar de un trabajo más extenso que el autor está desarrollando sobre la teoría del intercambio desigual de Emmanuel. Entendido así el carácter de éste, su objetivo se limita únicamente a estudiar los principales supuestos, inconsistencias y vicios teóricos y metodológicos implícitos en
el "traslado" particular que Emmanuel realiza del esquema de precios de Marx al plano del comercio internacional. En otras palabras, el análisis aquí incluido corresponde más a lo que en la literatura se denomina una crítica interna que a una crítica externa de la teoría de intercamhio desigual de Emmanuel.

Una sorprendente victoria: Menem y su red de apoyo en las elecciones internas del peronismo de 1988

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Joaquín Baeza Belda

2010-11-01

Full Text Available 1989 supuso para Argentina la llegada a la presidencia del justicialista Carlos Menem y el inicio de un sorprendente giro, dados los antecedentes de su partido, hacia políticas neoliberales. Como paso previo, sin embargo, Menem debió vencer en unas elecciones internas en las que partía, en principio, en clara desventaja ante el favorito Antonio Cafiero, gobernador de la provincia de Buenos Aires y líder de la llamada Renovación peronista. La sorprendente victoria de Menem en 1988 ha sido explicada comúnmente como fruto de la reacción de la sociedad a la clase política, en el contexto de crisis que atravesaba el país, o bien como producto de los límites e insuficiencias de la línea cafierista. Sin desconocer estos enfoques, en este texto abordamos el problema desde la perspectiva interna del peronismo y del propio Menem, describiendo su labor de acumulación y reestructuración de los sectores más ortodoxos del partido, apartados por el avance de la Renovación. El estudio de estas elecciones internas sirve así para explorar las continuidades y rupturas de la Argentina que abre un nuevo ciclo en 1989.Palabras clave: Argentina, peronismo, Menem, Renovación, elecciones, 1988___________________________ABSTRACT:1989 marked the arrival to the Argentinian presidency of the PJ Carlos Menem and the beginning of a surprising twist, considering the history of his party, towards neoliberal policies. As a preliminary step, however, Menem had to overcome in a primary election, in which he was disadvantaged compared to the favorite Antonio Cafiero, Governor of Province of Buenos Aires and leader of the so called “Peronist Renovation”. Menem's stunning victory in 1988 has been commonly explained as the result of society's reaction to the political class, in the context of crisis of the country, or as a result of the limits and shortcomings of the Cafiero’s political line. Without ignoring these approaches, in this paper we approach the

Patrones y flujos de la migración interna en la gran área metropolitana de Costa Rica, en el período 1995-2000

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Molina-Varela, Wendy

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Los más recientes cambios en los patrones de migración interna en varios países de Latinoamérica, apuntan a los crecientes flujos de migración intrametropolitana desde los centros urbanos hacia la periferia, asociados a procesos de urbanización residencial de zonas rurales cercanas a la zona metropolitana. Este artículo analiza este fenómeno para Costa Rica, estimando los patrones de migración interna dentro del Gran Área Metropolitana (GAM, y tratando de determinar algunos factores de atracción y expulsión que posiblemente explican estos patrones, utilizando un modelo de Poisson para discriminar entre algunas variables seleccionadas en un modelo de regresión multivariable. Los resultados confirman algunas tendencias observadas para otras áreas metropolitanas de América Latina, y da algunas explicaciones al caso específico de la GAM.

Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable serine alkaline protease from Aeribacillus pallidus C10: a potential additive for detergents.

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Yildirim, Vildan; Baltaci, Mustafa Ozkan; Ozgencli, Ilknur; Sisecioglu, Melda; Adiguzel, Ahmet; Adiguzel, Gulsah

2017-12-01

An extracellular thermostable alkaline serine protease enzyme from Aeribacillus pallidus C10 (GenBank No: KC333049), was purified 4.85 and 17. 32-fold with a yield of 26.9 and 19.56%, respectively, through DE52 anion exchange and Probond affinity chromatography. The molecular mass of the enzyme was determined through sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), with approximately 38.35 kDa. The enzyme exhibited optimum activity at pH 9 and at temperature 60 °C. It was determined that the enzyme had remained stable at the range of pH 7.0-10.0, and that it had preserved more than 80% of its activity at a broad temperature range (20-80 °C). The enzyme activity was found to retain more than 70% and 55% in the presence of organic solvents and commercial detergents, respectively. In addition, it was observed that the enzyme activity had increased in the presence of 5% SDS. K M and V max values were calculated as 0.197 mg/mL and 7.29 μmol.mL - 1 .min - 1 , respectively.

Avaliação da morfologia interna de sementes de Acca sellowiana O. Berg por meio de análise de imagens

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Vanessa Neumann Silva

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Acca sellowiana O. (Berg Burret é uma fruteira nativa da região Sul do Brasil e do Uruguai, que apresenta grande potencial de uso na recuperação de áreas degradadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a morfologia interna de sementes de Acca sellowiana O. Berg por meio da análise de imagens de raios X e relacionar os resultados com a germinação das sementes. Sementes de Acca sellowiana O. Berg, representadas por três lotes, foram analisadas pelo teste de raios X e, posteriormente, conduzidas ao teste de germinação, com avaliação aos 44 dias após a semeadura. As imagens de raios X foram analisadas com o software ImageJ. A análise das imagens radiográficas de sementes de Acca sellowiana permite a mensuração das áreas internas livres, assim como a determinação da relação entre estas e a germinação. Danos internos detectados por meio de raios X afetam a germinação das sementes.

Consistencia interna del cuestionario autoadministrado de la Entrevista Clínica Estructurada para Trastornos del Eje II del DSM-IV*

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Campo-Arias, Adalberto; Díaz-Martínez, Luis Alfonso; Barros-Bermúdez, Jaider Alfonso

2008-01-01

Introducción: Es infrecuente identificar posibles casos de trastornos de personalidad en la población general, debido a la carencia de instrumentos autoadministrados con buena validez y confiabilidad. Hasta la fecha no se ha explorado la confiabilidad del cuestionario autoadministrado de la Entrevista Clínica Estructurada para Diagnósticos del eje II (SDID-II) del DSM-IV en la población colombiana. Objetivo: Determinar la consistencia interna de las subescalas del cuestionario autoadministrad...

Qualidade da atenção básica mediante internações evitáveis no Sul do Brasil Quality of primary care as measured by preventable hospitalizations in the South of Brazil

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Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Realizou-se estudo para avaliar mediante taxa de internações hospitalares evitáveis a qualidade dos cuidados oferecidos pela rede básica de saúde em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, no período entre 1995 a 2004. Foram consideradas como internações evitáveis: diabetes mellitus, insuficiência cardíaca, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e doenças imunopreveníveis (poliomielite, difteria, tétano, coqueluche, sarampo. Foram incluídos homens e mulheres de 20 a 59 anos. Os percentuais entre as mulheres foram superiores aos encontrados nos homens. Foi observada uma diminuição dos percentuais de internações tanto nos homens como nas mulheres no decorrer do período. Mesmo após a padronização direta revelou-se que as taxas de internação de Pelotas foram inferiores às do Rio Grande do Sul. Os custos das hospitalizações evitáveis acompanharam a queda observada nas taxas de internações. Aparentemente, a diminuição verificada nas taxas de internações evitáveis pode estar relacionada à qualificação dos serviços de atenção básica. Contudo, os resultados podem ser conseqüências do financiamento do sistema de saúde. Os valores de pagamento desses procedimentos são baixos e podem estar direcionando os hospitais a uma diminuição da oferta de leitos.This study assessed the quality of primary care in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, through preventable hospitalization rates (1995-2004. Preventable hospitalizations were defined as those related to the following diseases: diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and vaccine-preventable diseases (polio, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, and measles. Men and women from 20 to 59 years of age were included in the study. The proportion of preventable causes among hospital admissions was higher for women than for men. From 1995 to 2004 there was a decrease in preventable

Measurement of phase value of the deep gray nuclei in underage brain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Lei; Chen Tao; Ning Ning; Ren Zhuanqin; Luo Jun; Dang Shaonong; Yang Jian

2014-01-01

Objective: To measure the phase values of the deep gray nuclei by using susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in underage brains, and to investigate the correlation between the phase value and age. Methods: A total of 105 healthy juveniles were examined in this study by using MRI conventional sequence and SWI. Their ages ranged from 0 to 18 years(0-<1 year, 60 cases; 1-<3 years, 10 cases; 3.7 years, 10 cases; 7-12 years, 10 cases; 12-18 years, 15 cases). Phase values of deep gray nuclei were measured. The correlation between phase value and age was analyzed by Spearman correlation method. Results: During 0-3 years, the phase value of caudate nucleus was the lowest within the same age group (0-<1 year: left -0.0433 ± 0.0291, right -0.0369 ± 0.0215; 1-<3 years: left -0.0369 ± 0.0215, right -0.0384 ± 0.0259), whereas the phase value of red nucleus was the highest (0-<1 year: left 0.0286 ± 0.0380, right 0.0254 ± 0.0361; 1-<3 years: left 0.0325 ± 0.0237, right 0.0395 ±0.0270). After 3 years old, the phase value of globus pallidus was the lowest within the same age group (3-<7 years: left -0.0967 ± 0.0656, right -0.0953 ± 0.0617; 7-<12 years: left -0.1870 ± 0.0531, right -0.1724 ± 0.0547; 12-<18 years: left -0.2037 ± 0.0492, right -0.1849 ±0.0324), whereas the phase value of thalamus was the highest (3-<7 years: left -0.0019 ± 0.0225, right -0.0007 ± 0.0167; 7-<12 years: left -0.0067 ± 0.0104, right -0.0064 ± 0.0118; 12-<18 years: left -0.0204 ± 0.0181, right -0.0172 ± 0.0133). During 0-18 years, a moderate negative correlation between phase values of bilateral caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, red nucleus, substantia nigra and age were observed (r s =-0.483, -0.497, -0.67, -0.621, -0.489, -0.43, -0.552, -0.58 respectively) A low negative correlation between phase values of bilateral putamen, thalamus and age were observed (r s =-0.272, -0.213, -0.382, -0.366 respectively). Conclusions: There is a negative correlation between phase value and age in

Estruturas de governança interna e a capacidade de inovação em pequenas firmas brasileiras de torrefação e moagem de café

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Gabriela Feresin Jardim

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Na pesquisa relatada neste artigo são investigadas quais as combinações de estruturas de governança interna (mercado, burocrática e comunitária que possibilitam mais capacidade de inovação de produto nas pequenas firmas. Neste estudo, inspirado nos trabalhos de Grandori e Furnari (2008; 2010, tem-se como hipótese que a capacidade de inovação ocorre de modo mais consistente nas firmas que adotam uma estrutura de governança interna multimodal. Essa hipótese foi testada por meio de um survey com 80 indústrias brasileiras de torrefação e moagem de café(1. Para encontrar as combinações de estruturas, foi utilizada a análise comparativa qualitativa (QCA no software fs/QCA versão 2.0 (RAGIN, 2008. Como resultado, verificou-se que a estrutura de governança interna multimodal - que combina práticas de incentivos monetários, burocráticas e comunitárias - apresentou resultados mais consistentes para a inovação das pequenas firmas de torrefação. Esses resultados, ao permitirem identificar os requisitos organizacionais que produzem mais possibilidades de inovação, podem ajudar a traçar ações de políticas públicas e privadas para as empresas brasileiras, de modo a melhorar sua taxa de inovação e a competitividade em seus mercados.

Axial complex and associated structures of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus pallidus (Sars, G.O. 1871) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea).

Science.gov (United States)

Ezhova, Olga Vladimirovna; Malakhov, Vladimir Vasil'yevich; Egorova, Ekaterina Alekseevna

2018-06-01

Studies of echinoid microscopic anatomy over the last two centuries have created a number of inaccuracies and mistakes that have accumulated in the descriptions of the intricate organization of the coelomic system of Echinoidea. To clarify the situation, we reconstructed the axial complex and radial complex of the echinoid Strongylocentrotus pallidus. The water ring is located between the perivisceral coelom and the perioral coelom. The oral haemal ring lies between the coelothelia of the water-vascular, perivisceral, and perioral rings. The axial part of the axial organ communicates with the oral haemal ring in interradius CD, but the axial coelom does not form the axocoelomic perihaemal ring. The ventral intestinal haemal vessel originates from the oral haemal ring in radius A, and then branches into a network of capillaries, from which the dorsal intestinal vessel starts. The pericardial coelom envelopes the pericardial part of the axial organ, the lacunae of which communicate with the haemocoel of the body wall and with the axial part of the axial organ. The genital haemal ring and the dorsal intestinal vessel communicate with the axial organ. The genital coelom passes in the CD interradius on the side opposite to the hindgut. There is a somatocoelomic perihaemal ring, which sends a pair of coelomic outgrowths into each radius, accompanied by a radial haemal vessel in the oral part. The mistakes and inaccuracies of early descriptions of the echinoid axial complex are listed. The axial complex and associated structures of sea urchins are compared with other eleutherozoans. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Projeção da mortalidade e internações hospitalares na rede pública de saúde atribuíveis à poluição atmosférica no Estado de São Paulo entre 2012 e 2030

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Cristina Guimarães Rodrigues

2015-12-01

Full Text Available No Brasil, os padrões nacionais de qualidade do ar são da década de 1990, desatualizados em relação aos internacionais, o que dificulta um controle eficaz dos níveis de poluição e contribui para a continuidade de mortes e internações. A fim de quantificar o montante de desfechos desfavoráveis de saúde em decorrência da concentração de material particulado no Estado de São Paulo, esse trabalho tem como objetivo realizar projeções de mortes, internações e gastos com internações públicas atribuíveis à poluição atmosférica, para o período de 2012 a 2030. Para isso foram considerados distintos cenários de poluição por material particulado fino (MP2,5, tomando-se como referência o ano-base 2011. Os resultados mostram que, mantendo o mesmo nível de poluição observado em 2011, haverá um total de mais de 246 mil óbitos por todas as causas entre 2012 e 2030, cerca de 953 mil internações hospitalares públicas e um gasto público estimado em internações de mais de R$ 1,6 bilhão. A magnitude dos resultados aponta para a necessidade de implementação de medidas mais rigorosas para o controle da poluição do ar, formas alternativas de energia limpa de transporte, entre outras ações, como forma de reduzir os danos à saúde da população e os gastos governamentais.

Escala de Actitudes hacia Lesbianas y Hombres Homosexuales en México 1. Estructura factorial y consistencia interna

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José Moral de la Rubia

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio tiene como objetivos calcular la consistencia interna de la escala de Actitudes hacia Lesbianas y Hombres Homosexuales (ATLG y sus factores, determinar la estructura factorial y comprobar su invarianza entre hombres y mujeres. Se levantó una muestra incidental de 356 estudiantes. Los 20 ítems fueron consistentes (¿ = .94. Se definió un factor de actitud hacia las lesbianas (.91 y dos factores de rechazo abierto (.85 y sutil (.78 hacia los hombres homosexuales. Esta estructura de tres factores correlacionados tuvo un ajuste adecuado a los datos y resultó estable entre hombres y mujeres. Se recomienda su uso en México.