Plaadid / Immo Mihkelson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Mihkelson, Immo, 1959-

2004-01-01

Uutest heliplaatidest Gretchen Wilson "Here For The Party", A Bossa Eletrica "Eletrificacao", "Liinatuuraq", The Temptations "Legacy", Mike & The Mechanics+Paul Carrack "Rewired", Pauline London "Quiet Skies"

Estudo da potencialidade dos processos oxidativos avançados na remediação de águas contaminadas por microcistina - LR.

OpenAIRE

Jacobs, Loraine Cristina do Valle

2011-01-01

Resumo:Dentre os muitos efeitos deleterios provocados pelo processo de eutrofizacao de aguas naturais, importante destaque deve ser dado ao surgimento de floracoes de cianobacterias e a consequente geracao de cianotoxinas de potente efeito hapatotoxico (ex. Microcistina-LR). Em geral, rotinas convencionais para potabilizacao da agua se mostram ineficientes para a remocao destes micropoluentes, o que tem estimulado o estudo de novas alternativas de tratamento. O presente trabalho teve como pri...

Generation and export of electric energy by sugar and alcohol plants; Geracao e exportacao de energia eletrica por usinas sucroalcooleiras

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Queiroz, Gil Mesquita de Oliveira Rabello; Paschoareli Junior, Dionizio; Faria Junior, Max Jose de Araujo [Universidade Estadual Paulista (DEE/UNESP), Ilha Solteira, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Eletrica. Grupo de Pesquisa em Fontes Alternativas e Aproveitamento de Energia Eletrica

2008-07-01

This paper presents technical aspects necessary to allow a sugar-cane mill, which promotes cogeneration, to operate as an electrical energy producer. Changes and optimization in the process to produce alcohol and sugar-cane, which results in the increase of electrical energy to export are discussed. A case of a sugarcane mill, working as a thermoelectric power plant is presented. The necessary components to generate energy and to connect the thermoelectric plant to the main transmission system are described. (author)

Power generation in small scale from gasification of biomass; Geracao eletrica em pequena escala a partir da gaseificacao de biomassa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lora, Electo Eduardo Silva; Andrade, Rubenildo Vieira; Aradas, Maria Eugenia Corria [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil). Inst. de Engenharia Mecanica. Nucleo de Excelencia em Geracao Termeletrica e Distribuida (NEST)

2004-07-01

This paper present a review about biomass gasifier technology and discuss its advantages, disadvantages and applications as well as shows some succeeded experiences in this area. The paper also presents an analysis of the biomass gas use in alternative engines and in new distributed generation technology such as Stirling engines and microturbines. (author)

Legal bases for the installation of nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faria, N.M. de; Barros, E.A.

1980-01-01

The role of the National Nuclear Energy Comission, the National Department of Water and Electrical Energy and the 'Centrais Eletricas Brasileiras S.A.' for the installation of Nuclear Power Plants is presented. (A.L.) [pt

Project PAT (Pumps Working as Turbines)/IG (Induction Generators): a new concept for generation of electric power through micro scale hydroelectric power plants; Projeto BFT (Bombas Funcionado como Turbinas)/GI (Geradores de Inducao): um novo conceito para geracao de energia eletrica atraves de microcentrais hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Viana, Augusto Nelson Carvalho [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), Itajuba, MG (Brazil). Inst. de Recursos Naturais. Programa de Pos-graduacao em Engenharia da Energia; Medeiros, Daniel de Macedo; Ricardo, Mateus [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), Itajuba, MG (Brazil). Inst. de Recursos Naturais], Emails: augusto@unifei.edu.br, macedo@unifei.edu.br, mathidr@yahoo.com.br

2006-07-01

The present work has as objective to present the main bases of 'PAT/IG Project', accomplished in Boa Esperanca Farm (Delfim Moreira - MG), by an accord between Itajuba's Federal University and Mines and Energy Ministry. In a moment that the look for sustainable development is the law in Brazil, low costs and environmental impact alternatives must be prioritized. By this way, the PAT/IG Project continuous the Viana's (1987) works, that developed all Brazilian theoretical bases for using Pumps Working as Turbine (PAT). Besides that, the application of induction motors operating as induction generators will be evaluated, as the velocity control system of the PAT/IG group will be developed. The existing Boa Esperanca Farm's micro power plant will be rebuild ed, to receive a new generating group formed for a PAT and a IG, that will be used as natural sized test workbench of Itajuba's Federal University. At the ending of the project, there will be enough subsidies to prove, in practice, the feasibility presented in laboratorial tests by PAT/IG groups as conventional turbines replacer in micro powerplants. (author)

Project PAT (Pumps Working as Turbines)/IG (Induction Generators): a new concept for generation of electric power through micro scale hydroelectric power plants; Projeto BFT (Bombas Funcionado como Turbinas)/GI (Geradores de Inducao): um novo conceito para geracao de energia eletrica atraves de microcentrais hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Viana, Augusto Nelson Carvalho [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), Itajuba, MG (Brazil). Inst. de Recursos Naturais. Programa de Pos-graduacao em Engenharia da Energia; Medeiros, Daniel de Macedo; Ricardo, Mateus [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), Itajuba, MG (Brazil). Inst. de Recursos Naturais], Emails: augusto@unifei.edu.br, macedo@unifei.edu.br, mathidr@yahoo.com.br

2006-07-01

The present work has as objective to present the main bases of 'PAT/IG Project', accomplished in Boa Esperanca Farm (Delfim Moreira - MG), by an accord between Itajuba's Federal University and Mines and Energy Ministry. In a moment that the look for sustainable development is the law in Brazil, low costs and environmental impact alternatives must be prioritized. By this way, the PAT/IG Project continuous the Viana's (1987) works, that developed all Brazilian theoretical bases for using Pumps Working as Turbine (PAT). Besides that, the application of induction motors operating as induction generators will be evaluated, as the velocity control system of the PAT/IG group will be developed. The existing Boa Esperanca Farm's micro power plant will be rebuild ed, to receive a new generating group formed for a PAT and a IG, that will be used as natural sized test workbench of Itajuba's Federal University. At the ending of the project, there will be enough subsidies to prove, in practice, the feasibility presented in laboratorial tests by PAT/IG groups as conventional turbines replacer in micro powerplants. (author)

Study and optimization of the macroscopic electrical response of carbon based nanocomposites for advanced applications

Science.gov (United States)

Silva, Jaime Pedro Oliveira da

A presente tese centrou-se no estudo da resposta da constante dieletrica e condutividade eletrica em materiais compositos nos quais o reforco tinha uma elevada proporcao entre comprimento e diametro. O objeto de estudo foi o efeito de um reforco com uma elevada razao entre comprimento e diametro, concentracao e orientacao na resposta eletrica e dieletrica de um composito. Estes compositos tem uma grande importancia no desenvolvimento de materiais para sensores e atuadores. Num primeiro momento da dissertacao, explorou-se a resposta da constante dieletrica de um composito constituido por nanotubos de carbono como reforco e uma matriz polimerica. Verificou-se que um aumento da razao entre comprimento e diametro do reforco tem o efeito de aumentar a constante dieletrica do composito para uma igual fracao volumetrica de reforco. Constatou-se tambem que materiais na fase nematica demonstram uma constante dieletrica mais baixa quando comparados com materiais onde o reforco esta distribuido aleatoriamente. Ficou ainda demonstrado nesta dissertacao que materiais na fase nematica com razoes entre o comprimento e diametro diferentes a constante dieletrica segue uma lei de potencia. Numa segunda fase do trabalho, foi explorada a condutividade de nanocompositos polimericos reforcados com nanotubos de carbono, atraves de um modelo baseado em cilindros impenetraveis. Ficou demonstrado que o modelo e apropriado para descrever a condutividade eletrica de um nanocomposito polimerico reforcado com nanotubos. As simulacoes desenvolvidas demonstram que, aumentando a razao entre o comprimento e o diametro dos nanotubos de carbono, aumenta a condutividade eletrica do nanocomposito. No entanto, verifica-se que aumentando a anisotropia diminui a condutividade, sendo este efeito mais evidente para fracoes volumetricas maiores. Nesta dissertacao comprovou-se ainda que uma microestrutura gerada por um algoritmo de empacotamento sequencial pode ser descrita por um grafo aleatorio e que a

Solar energy for power generation and heating: actual situation and perspectives; Energia solar para geracao eletrica e aquecimento: situacao atual e perspectivas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ahm, Peter [PA Energy A/S (Denmark)

2009-05-15

In just one hour, Earth receive from the Sun, the equivalent of all current global energy consumption for a year. Yet, solar energy, by means of water heating systems and photovoltaic generation, contributes today for less than 0.05% of world energy supply. This article analyse the state of the art of the technologies, their market potential, environmental impacts, interaction with the electric grids and expectations of expansion.

Introduction of gadolinium in the library of Leopard code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Claro, L.H.; Menezes, A.

1989-12-01

The materials Gd-154, Gd-155, Gd-156 and Gd-157 were included in the LEOPARD code library at the request of FURNAS Centrais Eletricas S.A. Results from comparison of LEOPARD and WIMSD/4 codes for a typical cell with 7 burnup steps, are presented. (author) [pt

Generation of electric power from biogas originating from sewage treatment; Geracao de energia eletrica a partir do biogas proveniente do tratamento de esgoto

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coelho, Suani Teixeira; Velazquez, Silvia Maria Stortini Gonzalez; Silva, Orlando Cristiano da; Pecora, Vanessa; Abreu, Fernando Castro de [Universidade de Sao Paulo (CENBIO/IEE/USP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Inst. de Eletrotecnica e Energia. Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa], e-mails: suani@iee.usp.br, sgvelaz@iee.usp.br, gbntumbo@iee.usp.br, vpecora@iee.usp.br, fcabreu@iee.usp.br

2006-07-01

The main objective of the effluent treatment is to correct its undesirable characteristics, however, during this process, residues like sludge and biogas are generated, and those residues can be used as raw materials The PUREFA (Program of Rational Energy Use and Alternative Sources), compound by 14 purposes, is about a project of the USP - University of Sao Paulo, financial backer FINEP - Financier of Studies and Projects. This project had three main objectives: to implant measures of management and action of energy efficiency, to increase the distributed generation in the USP from the renewable resource and not conventional energy and to introduce incentive permanent politics to the efficient and rational use of energy. In the context, the Brazilian Reference Center on Biomass was responsible for two purposes, related to the biogas use for electricity generation. The first purpose had main objective to implant the generation system, to capture and to stock the biogas, produced by biodigester in the Technological Hydraulically Center (CTH - USP). The biodigester is a UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket), whose outflow of the biogas produce is near 4 m{sup 3}/day, opera rates 24 hours per day and utilize the sewer from the residential buildings located in Sao Paulo University, inside the campus. For the biogas utilization, was made its outflow, chemical composition and heat value identifications, parameters that allowed to determinate the real potential for generation and to shown the necessity of the previous treatment, as H{sub 2}S removal. Finished this stage, was started the next purpose, regarding biogas used as fuel for electricity generation using a generator group Otto cycle. Nowadays this project is a demonstrative project. In this article the technical and environmental project results obtained will be presented. (author)

Biomass gasification systems in electric energy generation for isolated communities; Sistemas de gaseificacao de biomassa na geracao de energia eletrica para comunidades isoladas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coelho, Suani Teixeira; Velazquez, Silvia M. Stortine Gonzales; Martins, Osvaldo Stella; Santos, Sandra Maria Apolinario dos; Basaglia, Fernando [Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa (CENBIO), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)], e-mail: suani@iee.usp.br, e-mail: sgvelaz@iee.usp.br, e-mail: omartins@iee.usp.br, e-mail: sandra@iee.usp.br, e-mail: basaglia@iee.usp.br; Ushima, Ademar Hakuo [Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas (IPT), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)], e-mail: adidas@ipt.br

2004-07-01

The project 'Comparison Among Existing Technologies of Biomass Gasification', agreement FINEP/CT-ENERG 23.01.0695.00, is a partnership between CENBIO - The Brazilian Reference Center on Biomass, BUN - Biomass Users Network of Brazil, IPT - Technology Research Institute and UA - Amazon University. The main objective of this project is to study a biomass gasifier system and its implantation, using a sustainable way, at isolated communities in the North Region, offering an alternative to replace fossil fuel. The system is composed by a gasifier from Indian Institute of Science - IISc, that can generate 20 kW of output energy, a generator (internal combustion engine), an ashes extractor, a water cooler and treatment system, a dryer and a control panel. The project, developed at IPT, intends to evaluate the operation conditions of the gasification system: gas cleaning, electric power generation and the technology transfer to Brazil, allowing the formation of human resources in the Brazilian North region and collaborating with the national institutions from this area. (author)

Strategies adopted by the sugarcane sector in the generation of surplus electricity; Estrategias adotadas pelo setor sucroalcooleiro na geracao de excedentes de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza, Zilmar Jose de [Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCar), SP (Brazil); Azevedo, Paulo Furquim de [Fundacao Getulio Vargas (FGV-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2004-07-01

Considering the necessity to expand the installed national capacity of generation, as well as, to diversify it, the article investigated definitive aspects of the Institutional Environment where the electric energy commercialization by the sugarcane sector is inserted. Positive points in proposal of governmental energy policy for incentive this activity had been observed, as well as, the necessity of its improvement. (author)

Electric power generation from the biogas originated at the sewage treatment; Geracao de energia eletrica a partir do biogas proveniente do tratamento de esgoto

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coelho, Suani Teixeira; Velazquez, Silvia Maria Stortini Gonzalez; Pecora, Vanesa; Abreu, Fernando Castro de [CENBIO - Centro de Referencia Nacional em Biomassa, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mails: suani@iee.usp.br; sgvelaz@iee.usp.br; vpecora@iee.usp.br; fcabreu@terra.com.br

2006-07-01

The PUREFA - Programa de Uso Racional de Energia e Fontes Alternativas, had three main goals: to implant measurements of management and energy efficiency actions allowing the reduction of electric power consumption at the University; amplify the distributed generation at USP from renewable and non conventional energy resources, and to implant incentive policies for the efficient and rational use of energy. Among the fourteen goals integrating this project, the CENBIO - Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa - compromised itself with the realization of two goals. The activities included the implementation of a system for impounding, purification and storage of the biogas generated by a bio digester, Anaerobic Flux Ascendent Reactor (RAFA) localized at the CTH - Centro Tecnologico de Hidraulica - at USP campus beside the electric power generation by using the biogas stored as fuel in a Otto cycle engine.

Angra-1: Balance of an experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salvo Brito, S. de

1985-01-01

An evaluation of experience got during the construction of Angra-1 nuclear power plant which had built by FURNAS CENTRAIS ELETRICAS S.A. is done. It is analyzed the problems in level of management, including technology transfer. A balance of the real costs and benefits from the definition of the specifications to energy generation is done. (M.C.K.) [pt

Relationship with environmental groups, the media and the public: aspects relating to environmental contaminations and safety

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lacerda, J.R. de; Kepinski, A.; Almeida, M.J. de; Ferreira, A.L.V.

1993-01-01

In this article the Thermonuclear Directorate from FURNAS Centrais Eletricas S.A. looks at the brazilian situation and briefly reviews the relationship with environmental groups and the media. It them deals with nuclear power and public acceptance. In response, through their own programmes and with the support from governmental and non governmental initiatives a Nuclear Protection System Programme was organized. (B.C.A.). 01 fig, 04 tabs

Generation of electric power through wind-diesel hybrid system for a hospital; Geracao de energia eletrica atraves de sistema hibrido diesel-eolico para um hospital

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Almeida, Silvio Carlos Anibal de; Freire, Raphael Lopes [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (DEM/UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica], e-mail: silvioa@gmail.com, e-mail: raphaellfreire@gmail.com

2008-07-01

This paper presents a wind-diesel hybrid power simulation using the software Homer. The model is applied to the case study of Hospital das Clinicas da UNICAMP Analysis of several alternative energy facilities like wind, photovoltaic (PV), and connection of the isolated system with the grid is done. The costs used in the simulation indicated that the best results were obtained with the wind-diesel system. The payback period for the investment in the system is 8 years. (author)

Tele-operation of the electric power generation and transmission in large complex; Teleoperacao da geracao e transmissao de energia eletrica em complexo de grande porte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martini, Jose Sidnei Colombo

1992-07-01

This work presents the specification and development outstanding aspects of a large supervisory and control power system. The engineering experiment, named SSCH - Hierarchical Supervision and Control System, occurred between 1982 and 1992 at Sao Paulo State and is an industrial automation power system most expressive cases carried out in this decade. More than complex development technical details, important management aspects concerning with large project execution are discussed. The SSCHs special characteristics are its dimension, complexity and realtime network analysis resources, applied to large power systems. (author)

An efficient linear approach in the reservoirs operation for electric power generation; Uma eficiente abordagem linear na operacao de reservatorios para geracao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zambon, Katia Livia

1997-07-01

A new approach for the Scheduling of Hydrothermal Systems, with a formulation that allows the solution of the problem through the linear programming techniques, otherwise the original form, which is complex and difficult is presented. The models were developed through a linear form for the generation function of hydroelectric plants, successive of the linearization of the cost function of the problem. The linear techniques used were the Simplex Method, with some modification that is is efficient, fast and simple. The important physical aspects of the system were preserved, like the individual representation of the hydroelectric plant, the features of cost function with the exponential increase and the head effect. Besides, this formulation can lead to stochastic approaches. All the optimization methods were implemented for the solution of the problem. The performance obtained were compared with each other and with that obtained through the non linear techniques. The algorithms showed to be efficient, with good results and very near to the optimal behavior of the reservoir operation planning obtained by traditional methods. (author)

Policy, planning and generation of energy surpluses in a sugar and alcohol plants; Politica, planejamento e geracao de excedentes de energia eletrica no setor sucroalcooleiro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Agarussi, Maria Alessandra Silva Nunes; Martins, Juliana Marinho Cavalcanti [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Curso de Pos-Graduacao em Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos

2008-07-01

This present work has as it main purpose to analyze briefly the Decenal Plan of Energy Expansion and the National Energy Plan 2030 in relation to the surplus energy cogeneration capacity from sugar and alcohol industry in Brazil. At the same time, this work also intends to compare the existent public policies to foment the surplus electric energy production such as the Proinfa and energy auctions and the acquisition of more efficient cogeneration systems by the sugar cane sector. (author)

System for electric power generation with photovoltaic solar modules for charging the batteries of an electric wheelchair; Sistema de geracao de energia eletrica com modulos solares fotovoltaicos para o carregamento de baterias de uma cadeira de rodas eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mesquita, Rafael Pimenta; Souza, Teofilo Miguel de [Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Guaratinguta, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia. Dept. de Engenharia Eletrica], Emails: pimentamesquita@gmail.com, teofilo@feg.unesp.br

2006-07-01

Renewable energy is all kind of energy produced from a natural source that not diminish because its utilization is 'renewable'. More and more renewable energy resources are used, because they offer multiple advantages such as the energy output facility in small scale and because they are entirely compatible with the environment. The renewable energy used in this project is the photovoltaic solar energy, obtained by the direct conversion of the solar energy in electric energy through the use of solar cells, that can be of several kinds, being the most common of silicon. The main advantage of photovoltaic system is the generation of clean electric energy, or either, generates energy without emitting pollutant and without destroying the environment, moreover is an inexhaustible source of energy. The main disadvantage is, nowadays, the high cost and its low efficiency, so to continue developing it is necessary establish capable mechanisms to make it possible. The search of these mechanisms of incentive becomes-itself a lot important, because the renewable energy and not conventional do not produce a financial return to the investor properly said, but brings lots of benefits to the community, the society and to the environment. This project has the purpose of create an electric energy generation system through solar photovoltaic modules to carry batteries of a motorized wheelchair. An electric wheelchair is moved by electric motors of direct current that are feed by batteries, permitting a medium autonomy of 10 km by load. The batteries are recharged by a battery supplier. This operation should be carried out daily in a space of 6 to 8 hours. According to the Demographic Census realized in 2000 carried out by the IBGE, Brazil has around 1.416.060 physical deficient, which 861.196 are men and 554.864 are women. From a request of a user of electric wheelchair the idea of this project was shown up. The user complained that he stayed a long time carrying his seat and had short time to use it. The goal of this project is analyze the reliability, the efficiency and the costs to implement this system. The main purpose is the increase of the autonomy, the saving of electric energy and to give more freedom to the user. Renewable energy is all kind of energy produced from a natural source that not diminish because its utilization is 'renewable'. More and more renewable energy resources are used, because they offer multiple advantages such as the energy output facility in small scale and because they are entirely compatible with the environment. (author)

Impacts of the expansion of distributed generation in distribution systems of electrical power; Impactos da expansao da geracao distribuida nos sistemas de distribuicao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marques, Frederico A.S.; Moran, Jesus A.; Abreu, Lisias; Silva, Luiz C.P. da; Freitas, Walmir [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e Computacao

2004-07-01

Due to the recent Brazilian electricity crisis, the advantages of the centralized rain dependent generation were put under discussion. The co-generation is an option for the consumer that does not want to be harmed by eventual interruptions in the energy supply and nor to pay higher tariffs during pick load. Besides, the excess of co-generation can be sold for the distribution companies, making possible that the independent producer has profits participating of the electricity power market. The distributed generation provides several benefits, for the fact of being a generation that is located close to the load. Besides, it allows the supply of the growing demand in a fast way, since the construction of big hydroelectric plants, that is the generation model more used in Brazil, is a slow process. With that, the insertion of distributed generation in the Brazilian system tends to become every more common year to year, as it has been happening in other countries. It is noticed, however, that few technical studies on the impacts of the distributed generation in the distribution systems were accomplished to the moment. Problems as over-voltages during light load, impacts on the protection system, and dynamic stability problems, very common in large centralized synchronous machines, can also start to happen in the distribution systems. This article presents a preliminary study on the influence of distributed synchronous generators in the operation of a distribution system. The analyzed technical aspects are: voltage profile, voltage stability, active and reactive power losses, and also critical clearing times for eliminating faults considering different sceneries. The simulations results show which are the main operative restrictions for maximizing the penetration level of distributed generation related with the dynamic and steady-state performance of the electricity distribution system. (author)

Electric power generation using photovoltaic solar cells for low income rural population; Geracao de energia eletrica com celula solar fotovoltaica para populacao rural de baixa renda

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gastaldi, Andre Fava; Souza, Teofilo Miguel de; Mesquita, Rafael Pimenta [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Guaratingueta, SP (Brazil). Centro de Energias Renovaveis], e-mail: teofilo@feg.unesp.br

2004-07-01

With the growing electric energy use demand and almost not expansion of the energy mesh (basically composed by hydroelectric plants) existing in the country, several others methods of alternative energy generation may be necessary. Beyond that, the usually employed energy is becoming much more costly, rarer and politically more impracticable like burn fuels as oil and coal. The use of renewable approaches of energy, that are 'infinite' energies (as the wind and the light of the sun, for example), can become an excellent alternative. In this new energy group, the solar energy transformed by the use of photo voltage cells is becoming very important. The 'clear' solar radiation tends to be a more intelligent and practical option, and the future technology of energy storage will be able to solve the problem of the regions that have less sunny days. Its main advantages on the other alternative sources of energy are the trustworthiness and the previsibility. Its biggest disadvantage consists on the fact that technical limitations can not allow a solar energy generator to distribute electricity for a city. It is interesting to notice that with the development of projects as this in alternative energy, isolated areas that does not access electricity distribution network (as some far regions), it has become the most viable option of generation of electric energy. Another point is that even with the distribution network it has to be checked if it is possible to use this electricity consulting the company credential that work at those localities of consumption. Moreover, many regions of the country already installed the solar energy system for water heating, confirming that, the existing structure allows the installation of a a solar cells generation energy system without many problems. In this project, we introduce a method for electric energy generation by solar cells for rural population of low gains. This option uses low cost materials but with a good quality level. Also presents a comparative table showing a kit for rural areas employment which is constituted of: 3 fluorescent light bulbs (power of 9 W, 3 hours per day, 7 days per week), 1 T.V. of 14' ' (power of 15 W, 3 hours per day, 7 days per week) and 1 Radio (power of 5 W, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week). (author)

Economic analysis of the generation of electric energy from biogas in pig production; Analise economica da geracao de energia eletrica a partir do biogas na suinocultura

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martins, Franco M.; Oliveira, Paulo A.V. de [EMBRAPA Suinos e Aves, Concordia, SC (Brazil)], Emails: franco@cnpsa.embrapa.br, paolive@cnpsa.embrapa.br

2011-06-15

The demand for alternative sources of energy has grown in recent years in line with the variation of petroleum prices coupled with the recent energy crisis. Through anaerobic digestion swine manure can be converted into biogas. In the present study it was evaluated the economic viability of using biogas as an alternative source for the production of electricity, for different periods of generation. The method used for the economic evaluation was the net present value (NPV). The time of return on invested capital was also calculated taking into account the discount interest rate on cash flows. The study proved to be economically viable use of biogas from swine manure as a source for generating electricity. The increased demand for electricity in the property increases the net present value and decreases the time required for return of the investment. (author)

Electric generation situation through hybrid systems in Para state and perspectives in face of the global supply of electric power; Situacao da geracao eletrica atraves de sistemas hibridos no estado do Para e perspectivas frente a universalizacao da energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barbosa, Claudomiro Fabio de Oliveira; Pinho, Joao Tavares; Pereira, Edinaldo Jose da Silva; Galhardo, Marcos Andre Barros; Vale, Silvio Bispo do; Maranhao, Wilson Monteiro de Albuquerque [Universidade Federal do Para (UFPA), Belem, PA (Brazil). Grupo de Estudos e Desenvolvimento de Alternativas Energeticas], e-mail: gedae@ufpa.br

2004-07-01

This work presents an analysis of the hybrid systems for electricity generation installed in the State of Para, emphasizing the profile of the supplied localities, the conversion technologies in the several configurations used for electric power generation, the social, economic and environmental impacts caused by such systems, the management and sustainability of the systems, and their perspectives in face of the global supply of electric power in Brazil. (author)

Ichthyofauna community from Saco de Piraquara de Fora area by the influence of liquid effluents from the Almirante Alvaro Alberto Nuclear Power in Angra dos Reis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Almeida, A.F.V. de

1995-01-01

To verify if thermal and chemical effluents of Angra I Nuclear Power Plant are affecting the marine ictiofauna, Furnas Centrais Eletricas S.A. has implemented a monitoring program near the discharge area. Specific composition, frequency, specific relative abundance, specific diversity and others parameters are studied. The main target of this study is to check if the analyzed parametrers show any kind of impact on fish population. In this paper the results were presented. (author). 7 refs, 3 figs, 3 tabs

Research and Development Joint Development at CEEE - PUCRS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haffner, Sergio L [Pontificia Univ. Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Escola Politecnica; Fagundes, Jose F. de O. [Companhia Estadual de Energia Eletrica do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil); Dias, Guilherme A.D.; Cecin, Carlos M

1994-12-31

The aim of this work is to present all events realized in Research and Development (R and D) by Companhia Estadual de Energia Eletrica (CEEE) and Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) in the Electrical Power Systems area. In a brief report it is indicated a chronology of existing cooperation between CEEE and PUCRS, being introduced also the main events of that activity. Finally are showed the main activities performed in the Electrical Power Systems area. (author) 3 refs..

Potential electrical energy generation in Brazil with biomass waste by gasification process; Potencial para geracao de energia eletrica no Brasil com residuos de biomassa atraves da gaseificacao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Henriques, Rachel Martins

2009-01-15

The adoption of new technologies for generating electricity is based on technical, economic and environmental analysis. An important factor for choose the technology to be adopted is the raw material available for this purpose. Given the energy application below the potential of agricultural and urban solid waste, the growing demand for energy and the existence of environmental concerns, this thesis aims to emphasize the technology of gasification as an alternative for energy use of agricultural and urban solid waste. Thus, it describes the technology's state of the art, its maturity and improvement. Of great importance for understanding this process, it is needed to add the conclusions derived from experience in the gasification pilot plant at the University of Louvain la Neuve, Belgium. Considering the waste selected, the quantity available and the technology chosen, it is estimated the potential for electric energy that could be generated if the inputs were gasified. (author)

Potential electrical energy generation in Brazil with biomass waste by gasification process; Potencial para geracao de energia eletrica no Brasil com residuos de biomassa atraves da gaseificacao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Henriques, Rachel Martins

2009-01-15

The adoption of new technologies for generating electricity is based on technical, economic and environmental analysis. An important factor for choose the technology to be adopted is the raw material available for this purpose. Given the energy application below the potential of agricultural and urban solid waste, the growing demand for energy and the existence of environmental concerns, this thesis aims to emphasize the technology of gasification as an alternative for energy use of agricultural and urban solid waste. Thus, it describes the technology's state of the art, its maturity and improvement. Of great importance for understanding this process, it is needed to add the conclusions derived from experience in the gasification pilot plant at the University of Louvain la Neuve, Belgium. Considering the waste selected, the quantity available and the technology chosen, it is estimated the potential for electric energy that could be generated if the inputs were gasified. (author)

Economic viability for electrical power generation using biogas produced in swine grange; Viabilidade economica da utilizacao do biogas produzido em granja suinicola para geracao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cervi, Ricardo G. [Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCA/UNESP), Vale do Ribeira, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agrarias], e-mail: rghantous@registro.unesp.br; Esperancini, Maura S.T.; Bueno, Osmar de C. [Universidade Estadual Paulista (DGTA/FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agrarias. Dept. de Gestao e Tecnologia Agroindustrial], e-mails: maura@fca.unesp.br, osmar@fca.unesp.br

2010-09-15

Biogas production through anaerobic bio digestion represents an important breakthrough for the problem of swine waste and energy availability for rural areas. This work aimed to develop a study to estimate the economic viability of a bio integrated system installation and operation to produce electricity from swine wastes. Data for the study were collected in an agroindustry where there are plenty of agricultural activities; however the swine production activity was selected for the anaerobic digestion process because it generates a large amount of waste, with a limited provision in the environment, which characterizes a case study. The analyzed bio digester is a continuous tubular model with brick concrete duct and plastic covering with a gamester, and where the waste of 2,300 fattening pigs are deposited daily. The initial investment estimate for the installation was R$ 51,537.17. The system annual costs were R$ 5.708,20, for maintenance, R$ 4,390.40 for depreciation and R$ 1,366.77 for interests. It was concluded that the bio integrated system would achieve favorable economic results if the energy consumption were to 35 k W per hour a day, in average, where the net present value (NPV) is R$ 9,494.90 and the internal rate of return (IRR) is 9,34% per year. (author)

Selection of generation and supply alternatives in Brazilian isolated electric power systems; Selecao de formas de geracao/suprimento de energia eletrica em sistemas eletricos isolados do Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Robson S. Filadelfo dos [Minas Gerais Univ., Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Nuclear; Saliba, Aloysio Portugal M.; Martinez, Carlos B. [Minas Gerais Univ., Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Hidraulica e Recursos Hidricos

1997-12-31

Electric energy is an essential component of economical integration of the regions of a country. The operation of an isolated electric system do not admit the adequate rearrangement of the energy flux, mainly in the rush time, which takes to deficit situations in some economical sectors, accentuated by generation options that are not totally compatible with the local reality. This work performs an comparison on the various electric generation options in isolated systems, specially in the Amazon region, based on their local characteristics and generation costs, according to the existent data obtained in the literature or from the electric generation companies. (author) 10 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.

Analysis of technological options for electric energy generation from urban solid wastes; Analise de opcoes tecnologicas para geracao de energia eletrica a partir de residuos solidos urbanos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Furtado, J.G. de M.; Serra, E.T. [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], Emails: furtado@cepel.br, etserra@cepel.br

2010-07-01

This paper evaluates technologically of the options existents for generation of electric power from the urban solid wastes (USW), based on application of factoring method for estimation of investments based on basic description of the plant, it main equipment and technological complexity, viewing to contribute for determination of better technical and economical form, and the energy using. The results of the effectuated analyses indicates that the most technological complexity of the gasification and thermal plasma, and be encountered on non commercial in great scale as well, make the the option present the greatest index of investment and relative cost, determining the greatest costs of electric power generated through this process.

Overview of flue gas treatment in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Calvo, W.A.P.; Duarte, C.L.; Omi, N.M.; Poli, D.C.R.; Lima, W.

2011-01-01

The coal mines in Brazil are primarily located in southern part areas. The total coal reserves are approximately 32.8 billions tons, 89% of which are located in Rio Grande do Sul state. The Brazilian agriculture potentiality is very high, mainly due to the availability of flat land and the existence of industrial capacity to supply the main fertilizers needs. Electron beam flue gas treatment process ensures simultaneous removal of SO 2 and NO X from flue gases by single process, requiring no additional wastewater treatment system and can produce useful nitrogen fertilizer consisting of ammonium sulfate (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and ammonium nitrate NH 4 NO 3 as by-products. During the TC Project BRA/8/021 - Pilot Plant for Electron Beam Purification of Flue Gas supported by IAEA (1995-1996), a laboratory facility for electron beam flue gas treatment was set at IPEN. In 1997, an official request from Brazilian Government, Ministry of Science & Technology (MCT) and IPEN was made for the Japan Consulting Institute (JCI) to prepare feasibility studies of air pollution control by electron beam flue gas treatment in three power generation companies. These companies are responsible for the power generation, the transmission and the supply of electricity to Brazil: Jorge Lacerda – Eletrosul Centrais Eletricas do Sul do Brasil S.A., Presidente Medici – Companhia Estadual de Energia Eletrica (CEEE) and Piratininga – AES Eletropaulo Thermal Power Plants. (author)

Overview of flue gas treatment in Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Calvo, W. A.P.; Duarte, C. L.; Omi, N. M. [National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN), Institute for Nuclear and Energy Research (IPEN), Radiation Technology Center - CTR, Sao Paulo (Brazil); Poli, D. C.R.; Lima, W. [National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN), Institute for Nuclear and Energy Research (IPEN), Cyclotron Accelerator Center - CAC, Sao Paulo (Brazil)

2011-07-01

The coal mines in Brazil are primarily located in southern part areas. The total coal reserves are approximately 32.8 billions tons, 89% of which are located in Rio Grande do Sul state. The Brazilian agriculture potentiality is very high, mainly due to the availability of flat land and the existence of industrial capacity to supply the main fertilizers needs. Electron beam flue gas treatment process ensures simultaneous removal of SO{sub 2} and NO{sub X} from flue gases by single process, requiring no additional wastewater treatment system and can produce useful nitrogen fertilizer consisting of ammonium sulfate (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 4} and ammonium nitrate NH{sub 4}NO{sub 3} as by-products. During the TC Project BRA/8/021 - Pilot Plant for Electron Beam Purification of Flue Gas supported by IAEA (1995-1996), a laboratory facility for electron beam flue gas treatment was set at IPEN. In 1997, an official request from Brazilian Government, Ministry of Science & Technology (MCT) and IPEN was made for the Japan Consulting Institute (JCI) to prepare feasibility studies of air pollution control by electron beam flue gas treatment in three power generation companies. These companies are responsible for the power generation, the transmission and the supply of electricity to Brazil: Jorge Lacerda – Eletrosul Centrais Eletricas do Sul do Brasil S.A., Presidente Medici – Companhia Estadual de Energia Eletrica (CEEE) and Piratininga – AES Eletropaulo Thermal Power Plants. (author)

Economical analysis of the use of biogas in swine production for generation of electric energy; Analise economica da utilizacao do biogas na suinocultura para geracao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martins, Franco Muller; Oliveira, Paulo Armando Victoria de [EMBRAPA Suinos e Aves, Concordia, SC (Brazil)], Emails: franco@cnpsa.embrapa.br, paolive@cnpsa.embrapa.br

2009-07-01

The demand for alternative sources of energy has been growing in the last years in function of the variation on the prices of petroleum and the recent energy crisis. The anaerobic bio digestion can convert swine manure in biogas. In the present work it was studied the economic viability of the use of the biogas as alternative source for the generation of electric energy in different demand levels. The methodology utilized was the Net Present Value. The study showed that the utilization of biogas as electric energy source is economically feasible. The increase of the demand of electric energy, in the property, associated to the increase of the price of the electric energy, increases the economical profits and accelerates the time of return of the investments. (author)

Model of electric power generation for isolated places of the Amazon: intervention with sustainability; Modelo de geracao de energia eletrica para localidades isoladas da Amazonia: intervencao com sustentabilidade

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moret, Artur de Souza [Fundacao Universidade Federal de Rondonia (GPERS/UNIR), Porto Velho (Brazil). Dept. de Fisica. Grupo de Pesquisa Energia Renovavel Sustentavel], E-mail: amoret@unir.br

2010-07-01

This paper presents a proposal which has as reference the implementation of electric power generation using vegetable in natura palm oil in a Diesel cycle engine not modified to attend the N. S. dos Seringueiros at the extractivist reservation Rio Ouro Preto, Brazil. It must be detached that the interventions at the RESEX has assumed that it is possible and necessary to aggregate value to the forest products having the biodiversity preserved.

The nationalization of electricity supply and construction of large hydropower in Para State, Brazil; A estatizacao da oferta de energia eletrica e a construcao de grandes hidreletricas no estado do Para

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Marcos Vinicius Miranda da [Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Belem, PA (Brazil)], email: marcos.silva@pq.cnpq.br; Beltrao, Norma Ely Santos; Ferreira Filho, Helio; Oliveira, Renata Melo e Silva de; Penna, Heriberto Amanajas [Universidade Estadual do Para (UEPA), Belem, PA (Brazil)], emails: normaelybeltrao@gmail.com, hlio.ferreira@gmail.com, renata_ep@yahoo.com.br, heripena@yahoo.com.br

2010-07-01

The state of Para has the largest hydropower potential in Brazil, making it one of the main targets of electricity supply expansion policy. It is not only the existence of this potential that has created a favorable context for building of large hydroelectric dams in Para state, other factors also play important role. In this article will be analyzed one of these factors - the statization process of electricity supply in the country - and its influence on decision to build large hydroelectric dams in Para. It is observed that the state presence is an indispensable support to Brazilian electric system expansion policy that prioritizes the building of large hydropower to meet the energy demand in the country. This means that unless there is a change in the control of electric power supply, other large hydroelectric dams will be built in Para state, even taking into account the strong opposition on those generation plants. (author)

Development of a automatic positioning system of photovoltaic panels for electric energy generation; Desenvolvimento de um sistema de posicionamento automatico de placas fotovoltaicas para a geracao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alves, Alceu F.; Cagnon, Odivaldo Jose [Universidade Estadual Paulista (DEE/FEB/UNESP), Bauru, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia. Dept. de Engenharia Eletrica; Seraphin, Odivaldo Jose [Universidade Estadual Paulista (DER/FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas. Dept. de Engenharia Rural

2008-07-01

This work presents an automatic positioning system for photovoltaic panels, in order to improve the conversion of solar energy to electric energy. A prototype with automatic movement was developed, and its efficiency in generating electric energy was compared to another one with the same characteristics, but fixed in space. Preliminary results point to a significant increase in efficiency, obtained from a simplified process of movement, in which sensors are not used to determine the apparent sun's position, but instead of it, the relative Sun-Earth's position equations are used. An innovative movement mechanical system is also presented, using two stepper motors to move the panel along two-axis, but with independent movement, contributing, this way, to save energy during the positioning times. The use of this proposed system in rural areas is suggested. (author)

Performance indicators proposal for the government electric power distribution facilities in the Brazilian electric sector; Proposta de indicadores de desempenho as distribuidoras de energia federalizadas do setor eletrico brasileiro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carregaro, Jose Carlos

2003-07-01

In this dissertation a set of indicators is proposed to the Centrais Eletricas Brasileiras S/A - ELETROBRAS, allowing the holding companies to attain the top position in the market, and a global vision of their performance. The methodology applied the definition of the performance indicators and the context, existing studies, and the indicators used by the Brazilian electric sector. It is expected that the proposed set of indicators be used by ELETROBRAS for a better planning and a more objective control of the holding companies performance, as well as an analysis of their administration strong and weak aspects.

Prédios inteligentes. Green buildings

OpenAIRE

Neli, Roberto Ribeiro; Luz, Paulo Dênis Garcez da

2014-01-01

Este artigo apresenta alguns dos benefícios e a aplicabilidade da automação predial e residencial, cuja denominação atual e Domótica. Esta tecnologia permite a integração dos serviços e tecnologias, aplicados a residências, escritórios, flats, apartamentos e casas com o propósito de automatizá-los buscando sempre como resultado principal um maior conforto, economia de energia eletrica, redução no consumo de recursos hídricos, segurança dos usuários e um gerenciamento mais centralizado e efeti...

Computing platform to aid in decision making on energy management projects of the ELETROBRAS; Plataforma computacional para auxilio na tomada de decisao em projetos de gestao energetica da ELETROBRAS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Assis, T.B.; Rosa, R.B.V.; Pinto, D.P.; Casagrande, C.G. [Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, MG (Brazil). Lab. de Eficiencia Energetica], Emails: tbassis@yahoo.com.br, tatobrasil@yahoo.com.br, casagrandejf@yahoo.com.br, danilo.pinto@ufjf.edu.br; Martins, C.C.; Cantarino, M. [Centrais Eletricas Brasileiras S.A. (ELETROBRAS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Div. de Eficiencia Energetica em Edificacoes], Emails: cmartin@eletrobras.com, marcelo.cantarino@eletrobras.com

2009-07-01

A new tool developed by the Laboratory of Computational Efficiency Energy (LEENER), of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF): the SP{sup 3} platform - Planning System of the Public Buildings is presented. This platform, when completed, will help Centrais Eletricas S.A. (ELETROBRAS) in meeting the demand of energetic efficiency projects for public buildings, standardizing data in order to accelerate the approval process and monitoring of a larger number of projects. This article discusses the stages of the platform development, the management methodology used, the goals and outcomes examined with the members of the PROCEL that working on this project.

Externalities associated with distributed generation of electric energy from biomass in the sugar cane industry; Externalidades associadas a geracao distribuida de energia eletrica a partir de biomassa na industria sucroalcooleira

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moreira, Jose Roberto; Coelho, Suani Teixeira; Almeida, Marcelo Costa; Pecora, Vanessa; Prado, Thiago Guilherme Ferreira [Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa (CENBIO), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2004-07-01

The externalities related with projects of power generation, the cogeneration in the sugarcane industry including, traditionally are not present in the economic and technical evaluations that support decision making. Such fact implies in a distortion in the evaluation between traditional technologies and the ones based on renewable sources. The Brazilian sugarcane industry presents increasing potential for the participation in the segment of power generation. This study presents partial results from a work group project concerned on research of the externalities associated to the cogeneration using bagasse from sugar cane processing. Externalities are identified from the distributed generation consequences. The possibility of minimizing negative externalities from the sugarcane industry, caused by the production of sugar and alcohol, with positive externalities from the social benefits of distributed generation is the most important conclusion reached as so far. (author)

Alternatives for hydrogen production in Brazilian regions aiming the generation of distributed electric energy; Alternativas para a producao de hidrogenio nas regioes brasileiras visando a geracao de energia eletrica distribuida

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bernardi Junior, Paulo

2009-07-01

In this work possible sources of hydrogen production for the generation of electric energy in a distributed way, with the fuel cell use, had been selected and studied. Three renewable sources (biomass, photovoltaic and wind) have been studied for energy generation in Brazil. For the establishment of numerical values, the main regional agricultural cultures and the amount of biomass in various brazilian states had been evaluated, in the form of waste, capable to be used for future hydrogen production. It was also investigated and evaluated the numerical capacity of hydrogen production from wind and photovoltaic resources for each region in Brazil, considering the electrolytic process. Based on the results, it is possible to demonstrate the potentialities of Brazil for electric energy generation in a planned distributed way, with fossil fuel substitution, and consequently, decreasing the environmental impacts. (author)

Effect of the technology in transmission, distribution and in the final uses; Efecto de la tecnologia en transmision, distribucion y en los usos finales

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rivas, Elena [ed.; Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Temixco, Morelos (Mexico)

1999-07-01

At the moment one looks for the application of the superconductivity in the generation, transformation, transmission and storage of electrical energy. In this article recent technologies are briefly described , their advantages and their effects on the transmission and distribution networks. In some cases specific reference is made of the effect that they will have in Mexico. [Spanish] Actualmente se busca la aplicacion de la superconductividad en la generacion, transformacion, transmision y almacenamiento de energia eletrica. En este articulo se describen brevemente tecnologias recientes, sus ventajas y sus efectos sobre las redes de transmision y distribucion. En algunos casos se hace referencia especifica al efecto que tendran en Mexico.

Analysis of the potential use of palm oil biodiesel for power generation in Amazonian remote systems; Analise do potencial do biodiesel de dende para geracao eletrica em sistemas isolados da Amazonia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Anamelia Medeiros

2008-07-01

This paper aims to analyze the potential of palm-oil biodiesel production and consumption in remote Amazonian systems (not connected to the national grid), taking into account economic, social and environmental impacts of this biofuel alternative. Through a detailed analysis of remote systems and in particular the examination of the national subside called 'Combustible Consumption Account', the study presents potential scenarios of biodiesel demand for electricity generation in the region, considering also the generation and grid connections projects in forthcoming years. Definition of current and future quantities of biodiesel needed to maintain thermal production in this system defines the Biodiesel investment necessities in remote Amazonian states (Acre, Amapa, Amazonas, Para, Rondonia, Roraima). Possibility of using biodiesel made progress with the launch of the National Program of Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB) in 2004. Although African Palm-oil trees adapt very well Amazonian soil, wide adoption of this specie as raw material for biodiesel production shows some barriers, like raise of palm oil price in global market, palm tree long maturation time and attractive price for conventional diesel in the region. Even if using palmoil biodiesel result in obvious significant social and environmental benefits, these benefits tend not to compensate the inefficiency of the market and, thus, expand the biofuel production in the Northern Region. (author)

Analysis of the potential use of palm oil biodiesel for power generation in Amazonian remote systems; Analise do potencial do biodiesel de dende para geracao eletrica em sistemas isolados da Amazonia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Anamelia Medeiros

2008-07-01

This paper aims to analyze the potential of palm-oil biodiesel production and consumption in remote Amazonian systems (not connected to the national grid), taking into account economic, social and environmental impacts of this biofuel alternative. Through a detailed analysis of remote systems and in particular the examination of the national subside called 'Combustible Consumption Account', the study presents potential scenarios of biodiesel demand for electricity generation in the region, considering also the generation and grid connections projects in forthcoming years. Definition of current and future quantities of biodiesel needed to maintain thermal production in this system defines the Biodiesel investment necessities in remote Amazonian states (Acre, Amapa, Amazonas, Para, Rondonia, Roraima). Possibility of using biodiesel made progress with the launch of the National Program of Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB) in 2004. Although African Palm-oil trees adapt very well Amazonian soil, wide adoption of this specie as raw material for biodiesel production shows some barriers, like raise of palm oil price in global market, palm tree long maturation time and attractive price for conventional diesel in the region. Even if using palmoil biodiesel result in obvious significant social and environmental benefits, these benefits tend not to compensate the inefficiency of the market and, thus, expand the biofuel production in the Northern Region. (author)

Economic evaluation of photovoltaic electric power generation connected to the grid in deregulated electric power markets; Avaliacao economica da geracao de energia eletrica fotovoltaica conectada a rede em mercados eletricos desregulados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zumaran, David Richard Orosco

2000-12-01

This work presents an analysis of economic, tariff and regulating issues related to the introduction of Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems in a deregulated electric market context; a case study for the peruvian electric market is realized. Based on the pricing system of the electric market, it is developed an economic assessment model that can be used by institutions interested in promoting this technology for generating electricity. (author)

Energy conservation analysis using Fuzzy logic considering technical and environmental aspects; Analise da conservacao de energia utilizando logica fuzzy considerando aspectos tecnicos e o meio ambiente

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haddad, Jamil; Yamachita, Roberto Akira; Guardia, Eduardo Crestana [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil). Centro de Excelencia em Eficiencia Energetica; Reis, Alexandre de Souza Rodrigues dos; Pinto, Luiz Fernando do Monte [Furnas Centrais Eletricas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

This article presents the results obtained in the Project of Research and Development of Furnas Centrais Eletricas, which was accomplished with the partnership of the Fundacao de Pesquisa e Assessoramento a Industria - FUPAI. This project analyzed technically and economically the pollution caused in the electric net by the use, in growing scale, of nonlinear loads, such as: compact fluorescent lamps, microwave ovens, VHS systems, DVD, sound systems, etc. It was also analyzed the environmental impact caused by these lamps due to the presence of the mercury; and as complement to the traditional theory of economical analysis, a tool of economical analysis was developed using the theory of fuzzy sets for the uncertainty variables or of difficult quantification. (author)

Preliminary sale agreement of electric power: CELESC model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aurich, D.S.

1990-01-01

The paper presents the main ideas concerning a special agreement celebrated by CELESC - Centrais Eletricas de Santa Catarina S/A and MANVILLE - Produtos Florestais Ltda by MANVILLE purchases energy in advance from CELESC and the amounts of money received by CELESC are channeled to cover investments required for construction of two additional units in Pery small hydro power plant. The paper also presents the accorded rules to account the balance of energy before and after the refining of operation of the new units: the criteria to take in account inflation X energy tariffs along the agreement period and the conditions concerning the guaranty of supply of the energy purchased in advance. (author)

National Energy Plan 2030: a proposal for power generation expansion in the long term; Plano Nacional de Energia 2030: uma proposta de expansao para a geracao de energia eletrica no longo prazo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guerreiro, Amilcar Goncalves; Pereira Junior, Amaro Olimpio; Lopes, Juarez Castrillon; Tavares, Marina Elisabete E.; Silva, Renata de A.M. da; Queiroz, Renato P.; Oliveira, Ricardo G. de [Empresa de Pesquisa Energetica (EPE), Brasilia, DF (Brazil)

2008-07-01

The article aims to present and discuss a proposal for electric energy expansion generation capacity in long term. This work identifies the most appropriate evolution of the hydrothermal mix for the expansion of the supply of electrical power in the country, over the horizon of planning by 2030. (author)

Analyze the economic and environmental viability in distributed generation of electric power from renewable sources; Analise da viabilidade economica e socioambiental na geracao distribuida de energia eletrica a partir de fontes renovaveis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jantim Neto, Humberto [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil)

2010-07-01

This paper brings a brief of economical and social environmental analysis about distributed electric's energy generation, based on a comparison to centralized generation. The motivation of the proposed analysis has its origin on a reflection about politics and scheming directed to Brazilian's energy sector. This study has renewable energy resources as setting, represented for Belo Monte generation's plant and undertaking registered on the Reservation's Energy Auction 2010. The study took into account economics and technical aspects, whereas the viability analysis was formed from benefits got from different forms of electric's generation. The conclusions of this shows that distributed electric's energy generation may have economics and socio environment benefits over centralized generation. (author)

Solving optimization problems using hybrid architecture: a strategy for planning the electric power generation; Solucao de problemas de otimizacao utilizando arquitetura hibrida: uma estrategia para o planejamento da geracao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murakami, L.T. [Lechare Informatica Ltda., Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2009-07-01

Electrical power could be considered as one of the economy propulsion vector of a country, assuming extremely important and strategic role because it makes direct influence to the production capacity. The expansion of electrical energy production could not only be done in a short time because constructions in this area take many years and could require more then a decade depending on the magnitude of them. The national power generation group is constituted mainly by hydro power plants complemented by thermal power plants which use several kinds of fuel which generation cost is high, if compared to hydro power generation, and should be minimized. It is a complex planning issue to supply the future power demand which basically depends on the analysis of two compoundable scenarios: the first one refers to the forecast of future economy growing and in this case, unless unpredictable issues occur such as the recent high economy growing experimented by China, the future demand does not show any surprise and is easy to predict; the second one, has inside the uncertainty because the hydro plants productions depends on the water quantity of rivers which depends on the past and current rainfall regimen. The quantity of rainfall is a stochastic data and follows the rules of probability and this drives to the study of cases and its deployments which are numerous causing difficulties to forecast the future. The planning of the electrical area has to examine the future demand and provide the necessary power generation equipment assuming a certain risk. To have it done, simulation models are used to predict the future, combining the two scenarios cited before, and viewing the results promoted by decision took in a step before. The difficult of this task is caused by the big amount of future alternatives provided by the combinatorial phenomena which require, to process the model, a computer with high processing capacity and specialized and specific methods that can resolve this king of problem. Because of the importance and magnitude of this issue, every effort which contributes to the improvement of power planning is welcome and this corroborates with this thesis which has an objective to propose technical, viable and economic solutions to solve the optimization problems with a new approach and has potential to be applied in many others kind of similar problems.

Perspective for the generation of electrical energy in isolated communities in the Amazon: a case study; Perspectivas para a geracao de energia eletrica em comunidades isoladas na Amazonia: um estudo de caso

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonzalez Velazquez, Silvia Maria Stortini; Santos, Sandra Maria Apolinario; Moreira, Jose Roberto; Coelho, Suani Teixeira [Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa (CENBIO), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2010-07-01

Valuing men and the environment in the developing process is essential due to the main model nowadays, which does not harmonize economical development and environmental preservation, besides wildly exploring the natural resources, degrading the environment and concentrating income, and being socially excluding. There is the need to create a model developed harmonically with the environment, focusing the attention on the social and environmental effects caused by the human activities and on the actions that must be taken aiming at the sustainability, the overcome of the social exclusion, and human development. This essay presents a Case Study focused on the electricity generation in an isolated community, which was developed due to the social and environmental matters. The isolated communities are located on the Brazilian North and Northeast regions, which concentrate most of the Brazilian communities with no access to the electric energy distribution network, which is the electricity supply model in Brazil. The low population density regions, like the Amazon region, present low indices of electrification because of this model, since the extension of the network for attending few consumers, is usually economically and environmentally impracticable. The insertion of an energy source of local occurrence, in this case, residues from the forest activities, will bring environmental benefits associated to the social benefits. The energy generation linked to economic activities will generate jobs and income, besides promoting the fossil fuels substitution, decreasing the CO{sub 2} emissions into the atmosphere and the environmental impact caused by the inadequate disposal of the residues, which are many times, burned in the open skies or disposed on the rivers. (author)

Survey cost of electric power generation from renewable resources in the state of Goias, Brazil; Levantamento de custos da geracao de energia eletrica a partir de recursos renovaveis no estado de Goias

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Almeida, Ronaldo Pereira de; Bortoni, Edson da Costa; Haddad, Jamil [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil)], emails: ronaldopa@gmail.com, bortoni@unifei.edu.br, jamil@unifei.edu.br

2010-07-01

The work presents a developed study to obtain the investment index costs for renewable based distributed generation in Goias state. A set of renewable resources was selected, along with their availability in each city of the state. Therefore, a rank of investments could be developed. (author)

Comparative study of design of piping supports class 1, 2 and 3 considering german code KTA and ASME III - NF

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faloppa, Altair A.; Fainer, Gerson; Mattar Neto, Miguel; Elias, Marcos V.

2013-01-01

The objective of this paper is developing a comparative study of the design criteria for class 1, 2, 3 piping supports considering the American Code ASME Section III - NF and the German Code KTA 3205.1 to the Primary Circuit, KTA 3205.2 to the others systems and KTA 3205.3 series-production standards supports of a PWR nuclear power plant. An additional purpose of the paper is a general analysis of the main design concepts of the American Code ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Division 1 and German Nuclear Design Code KTA that was performed in order to aid the comparative study proposed. The relevance of this study is to show the differences between codes ASME and KTA since they were applied in the design of the Nuclear Power Plants Angra 1 and Angra 2, and to the design of Angra 3, which is at the moment under construction. It is also considered their use in the design of nuclear installations such as RMB - Reator MultiProposito Brasileiro and LABGENE - Laboratorio de Geracao Nucleoeletrica. (author)

The solar house of CRESESB: seven years of success

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Galdino, Marco Antonio; Souza, Hamilton Moss de, E-mail: marcoag@cepel.br

2005-07-01

The solar house is located in the facilities of CEPEL - Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (Electric Power Research Centre) at Fundao Island, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is powered by a stand-alone PV system and is operated by CRESESB - Centro de Referencia para Energia Solar e Eolica Sergio de Salvo Brito (Reference Centre for Solar and Wind Energy Sergio de Salvo Brito) as a demonstration centre. The solar house was built in 1997, and during seven years of operation it received about 9.000 visitors (up to middle 2004). The present paper shares some aspects of the experience gained with the solar house, including technical details of the systems installed, the experience in operation and maintenance, and the divulgation and training of personnel so far obtained. (author)

Structure of a scheme of emergency control to avoid blackout due to interconnection lines loss

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Luz, L.T. da; Werberich, L C; Herve, H M [Companhia Estadual de Energia Eletrica do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (CEEE), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil)

1994-12-31

This work presents the structure of Gravatai Emergency Control Scheme (ECS) with short about its development and operation. This ECS was made to avoid two kinds of problems for the systems of Companhia Estadual de Energia Eletrica (CEEE). The first one is the voltage collapse that happens after the opening of one of the 525 kv LTs of the interconnection with the Brazilian Interconnected System (BIS). The second one is the CEEE isolating after the 525 kV network loss. We show the ECS existence reason and we describe its functional structure, the substations, the circuits and the amount of load shedding involved by the system. Finally, we present the project of a control structure based on microcomputer which is being developed for this ECS. (author) 3 refs., 11 figs.

The utilization of induction generators working with PATs (pumps working as turbines) in electric energy generation; A utilizacao de geradores de inducao acionados por BFTs (bombas funcionando como turbinas) na geracao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Viana, Augusto Nelson Carvalho; Rezek, Angelo Jose Junqueira; Medeiros, Daniel de Macedo [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil). Programa de Pos-graduacao em Engenharia da Energia], e-mail: augusto@unifei.edu.br, e-mail: rezek@iee.efei.br, e-mail: macedo@unifei.edu.br

2004-07-01

The utilization of the Pumps working as Turbines (PATs) in micro hydro-energy resources to replace the conventional turbines as Pelton, Francis and Propeller have been used in countries as USA, Germany and France. In the mean time, in Brazil this practice and the utilization of induction generators working with PATs is still in the scope of the laboratory experiments. This work, based on experimental results carried on in Laboratory of Hydromechanics for Small Hydro Power Plants (Laboratorio Hidromecanico para Pequenas Centrais Hidroeletricas - LHPCH - UNIFEI), (VIANA, 1987), (VIANA e NOGUEIRA, 1990), propose the utilization of asynchronous generator groups operating with PATs. To show the investment cost decrease in micro hydro power plants (MHPs), is showed the Boa Esperanca MPH example, in which is presented a comparison between the synchronous generator group cost working with a Michell-Banki turbine and a asynchronous generator group operating with a PAT. (author)

Bagasse generation and power cogeneration in sugar cane industry; Geracao de bagaco e co-geracao de energia na industria sucroalcooleira

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gomazako, M.S. [Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia de Sao Paulo (IFSP), SP (Brazil); Oliveira, C.J. [Faculdade Municipal Professor Franco Montoro (FMPFM), Mogi Guacu, SP (Brazil)

2009-07-01

This work show, through technical elements, the experience of the electric power production generated at some sugar plants of the state of Sao Paulo, starting from it burns of the pulp in kettles. This production has been supplied to the state dealerships but, the supply is retreating in the last years, due to several problems of economical order, technique and politics. However, there are efforts on the part of the government from Sao Paulo in reactivating this supply, through changes in the energy politics. (author)

Safety probabilistic study of Almirante Alvaro Alberto nuclear power plant-Unit I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lederman, L.; Arrieta, L.A.I.; Fernandes Filho, T.L.; Gibelli, S.M.O.; Berthoud, J.S.; Ambros, P.C.; Soares, H.V.; Camargo, C.T.M.

1985-04-01

The phase A of probabilistic safety study of Angra I nuclear power plant is presented, to be used by CNEN and FURNAS Centrais Eletricas S.A. as standard model in operational and safety analysis. The methodology applied is a modernization of WASH 1400/2.11/ study. Angra I safety systems are described. The selection and qualification of initiating sequence accident events which can damage the reactor core are done. The accident scenes are developed using the method of event trees. The reactor in subcritical condition (pressure, fuel temperature within limits and controlled level of reactor vessel) is studied during 24 hours. The uncertainness in failure probabilities of systems and in the determination of sequence frequencies for core danification are evaluated. Total frequency of sequences which cause the fusion of reactor core are presented. (M.C.K.) [pt

Utilization of biogas from sanitary landfill for generation of electrical energy in Sao Paulo: a case study; Aproveitamento do biogas proveniente de aterro sanitario para geracao de energia eletrica em Sao Paulo: estudo de caso

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garcilasso, Vanessa Pecora; Coelho, Suani Teixeira Coelho [Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa (CENBIO), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Velazquez, Silvia Maria Stortini Gonzalez [Universitaria Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2010-07-01

Utilization of the biogas proceeding from urban solid residues for electricity generation: case study in Sao Paulo. The biogas, generated from organic matter degradation, is composed by a mixture of gases, the main components being carbon dioxide and methane, which is a greenhouse effect gas with global warming potential around 21 times greater when compared to CO{sub 2}. Biogas production is possible from a great variety of organic residues such as urban solid residues, residues from agricultural and livestock activities, swine livestock, sewage mud, among others. The sanitary landfills may count on techniques of capture of the produced biogas and its later burning in flare, where the methane is transformed in CO{sub 2}, minimizing the environmental impact. Besides the opportunity of reducing the environmental damages, biogas can also be used as fuel for generating electricity, thus adding environmental gain and reduction of costs, due to the diminishing of purchase of the energy consumed in the concessionaire. In this context, this article presents the project of utilization of biogas proceeding from urban solid residues for electricity generation and gas illumination, developed by CENBIO. This project is currently in development and the obtained results will provide technical and economic subsidies for its replication. (author)

Graphic proposal for multi thematic maps: the case of geoenvironmental diagnostic map of the Igarapava hydroelectric power plant; Proposta grafica para mapas politematicos: o caso do mapa diagnostico geoambiental da U.H.E. de Igarapava

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carmo, Valeria Amorim do [Minas Gerais Univ., Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Inst. de Geociencias. Dept. de Geografia

1995-12-31

This article aims at developing a graphic proposal for multithematic diagnostic map. The research`s objective is the analysis of the legends of the maps entitled Mapa Diagnostico Geoambiental da Usina Hidreletrica de Igarapava (Geoenvironmental Diagnostic map of the Igarapava Hydroelectric Plant). The analysis emphases on identifying and solving problems resulting in non-respect of the graphic transcription laws which prejudice the map`s clarity. Upon analyzing both versions of the maps, it appeared that these problems were basically resulting from bad legibility and visualization and the inadequate use of retina`s variables in the translation of graphic density and both retinian and angular separation. Graphic density was reduced and retinian separation was improved through leading a better contrast between elements of cartographic base and the Geoenvironment Synthesis Map. The angular separation was increased by using simplified forms to better visualization of the spatial structure of the information. That aspect was laos improved by creating a series of small maps to accompany the legend. Point and line elements were represented on the same map so to not prejudice hierarchical relationship between elements. All these modifications were done without affecting information extraction of the various levels of the Geoenvironmental Synthesis (BASE MAP, VEGETATION and LAND USE, HUMAN ASPECTS, CULTURAL ASPECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL DYNAMIC). The visualization of the document as a whole was greatly improved with respect to the original proposed format. This research is but one of the various steps to the preparation of an environmental map that aims at giving clear visibility to the thousands of words of an environmental study report. (author) 4 refs., 8 figs.

Management functions for a distributed system applied in power plants and substations automation; Funcoes de gerenciamento para um sistema distribuido aplicado na automacao de usinas e subestacoes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lemos, Rogerio Sergio Neves de

1988-04-01

This work presents the management functions for a distributed computer control system, which has been developed at Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica - CEPEL with the aim to automate hydroelectric power plants and extra high voltage power substations. The initial specifications developed are based on a architecture without redundancies which initially has the objective to get the effective knowledge of the system's behaviour. In the first part is given an introduction of dependability, with two aims: to present the basic concepts and terminology, and, to present a set of techniques in the area of computing systems fault tolerance. In control system is introduced, in terms of its architecture and functionality. The third part introduces the management activities for the distributed system are introduced together with a general model. Finally, the fault diagnosis in the distributed system is discussed, where is presented a new diagnosis algorithm. (author)

Management functions for a distributed system applied in power plants and substations automation; Funcoes de gerenciamento para um sistema distribuido aplicado na automacao de usinas e subestacoes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lemos, Rogerio Sergio Neves de

1988-04-01

This work presents the management functions for a distributed computer control system, which has been developed at Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica - CEPEL with the aim to automate hydroelectric power plants and extra high voltage power substations. The initial specifications developed are based on a architecture without redundancies which initially has the objective to get the effective knowledge of the system's behaviour. In the first part is given an introduction of dependability, with two aims: to present the basic concepts and terminology, and, to present a set of techniques in the area of computing systems fault tolerance. In control system is introduced, in terms of its architecture and functionality. The third part introduces the management activities for the distributed system are introduced together with a general model. Finally, the fault diagnosis in the distributed system is discussed, where is presented a new diagnosis algorithm. (author)

Building four centres for demonstration of renewable energies in different regions of Brazil; Criacao de quatro centros de demonstracao de energias renovaveis em diferentes regioes do pais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Galdino, Marco Antonio; Dutra, Ricardo Marques; Bezerra, Lauro Barde; Ramos, Marcia da Rocha [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], Emails: marcoag@cepel.br, dutra@cepel.br, laurobb@cepel.br, marciar@cepel.br; Hommerding, Luis Carlos; Motta, Sergio Luiz Souza [Servico Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial (SENAI/DN), Brasilia, DF (Brazil)], Emails: LuisHommerding@dn.senai.br, slmotta@dn.senai.br

2010-07-01

This article presents the projects of four Centres for Demonstration of Renewable Energies, to be build within an agreement between CEPEL (Electric Power Research Center - Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica) and SENAI (National Institute for Industrial Education - Servico Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial). This agreement aims to replicate the successful experience of The Solar House of CEPEL. With a budget of circa one million reais, these Centres will include two Solar Houses (SENAI-DF and SENAI-MA), a mobile unit mounted in a van (SENAI-PR), as well as another mobile unit mounted in a boat (SENAI-AM). Using these centres as learning material, it is expected that SENAI, an institution with the well-known competence in technical education, will be prepared to increase the amount of technical personnel qualified in photovoltaics. It is also expected that these Centres will incentive the use of such technologies throughout the country. (author)

A 20 MW{sub t} pilot plant for the generation of electric power by magnetohydrodynamic process using biomass; Planta piloto de 20 MW{sub t} de geracao de energia eletrica por magnetohidrodinamica a partir da biomassa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pinatti, D G; Guimaraes, O L.C.; Silva, A C da; Batista, J F [Fundacao de Tecnologia Industrial (FTI), Lorena, SP (Brazil); Fernandes Filho, G E.F.; Magalhaes Filho, P [UNESP, Guaratingueta, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia

1991-12-31

The combustion of celulignin from biomass with addition of 1% of K, generates a plasma with electric conductivity of 100 S/M. This allows the establishment of a small size thermoelectric plants in triple or double cycle with magnetohydrodynamic generator (MHD), gas turbine and steam turbine. It is presented calculations of a pilot plant of 20 MW{sub t} in the MHD circuit and a total of 30 MW{sub t} with net efficiency of 27%. For plants larger than 60 MW{sub t} it is expected net efficiency larger than 37%. 3 refs., 10 figs., 3 tabs

Vegetable oil as fuel for electric power generation at Rondonia, BR, small agglomerate as way of revenue generation; Oleo vegetal como combustivel para energia eletrica em pequenos aglomerados de Rondonia como forma de geracao de renda

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moret, Artur de Souza [Fundacao Universidade Federal de Rondonia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO (Brazil)]. E-mail: amoret@unir.br

2006-07-01

This text approaches the question energy having as based alternative combustible reference in vegetal oils and the Decentralized Generation of Energy, for attendance of isolated systems and with small load, having as conceptual base the partner-economic-ambient sustain ability, being the economic chain of the entailed and conditional energy to the ambient, social aspects, technician, politicians, financiers and economics. This text intends to demonstrate to the mechanisms used in a research and development project (P and D) for the determination and domain of energy generation, electricity and power, from vegetal oils of suitable oleaginous to the State of Rondonia for a Extractive Reserve. Having as reference the contribution for the local and sustainable development of isolated localities, for the generation of job and income, for the energy self-sufficiency of isolated localities and to make available alternative to the companies of the electric sector of energy availability of isolated communities. (author)

Use of sewage treatment biogas for electric generation using an 30 kW (ISO); Uso do biogas de tratamento de esgoto, para geracao de energia eletrica, utilizando-se de uma microturbina de 30 kW (ISO)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coelho, Suani T.; Velazquez, Silvia M.S.G.; Martins, Osvaldo S.; Costa, David F. [Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa (CENBIO), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Bacic, Antonio C.K. [Companhia de Saneamento Basico do Estado de Sao Paulo (SABESP), SP (Brazil)

2004-07-01

This paper intends to present some considerations directed to electricity generation with 30 kW (ISO) micro turbines, using biogas generated by sewage treatment process in SABESP (Basic Sanitation Company of Sao Paulo State), located at Barueri, Brazil. This project, pioneer in Latin America, is being accomplished together with BUN - Biomass Users Network of Brazil (proponent), in association with CENBIO - The Brazilian Reference Center on Biomass (executer), with patronage of FINEP / CT-ENERG (financial backer), by means of ACCORD No: 23.01.0653.00, regarding to ENERG-BIOG Project - 'Installation and Tests of an Electric Energy Generation Demonstration Unit from Biogas Sewage Treatment'. Thus, the contribution of this paper will be in the presentation of the project results, related with the exploitation of sewer biogas for power generation, as well as bigger details about purification, compression and electricity generation systems (biogas micro turbine) used in the installation. (author)

Unit installation and testing of demonstration of electric power generation using biogas from sewage treatment; Instalacao e testes de uma unidade de demonstracao de geracao de energia eletrica a partir de biogas de tratamento de esgoto

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coelho, Suani Teixeira; Gonzalez Velazquez, Silvia Maria Stortini; Martins, Osvaldo Stella; Costa, David Freire da; Basaglia, Fernando [Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa (CENBIO), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)], e-mail: suani@iee.usp.br, e-mail: sgvelaz@iee.usp.br, e-mail: omartins@iee.usp.br, e-mail: davidcosta@iee.usp.br, e-mail: basaglia@iee.usp.br; Bacic, Antonio Carlos K. [Companhia de Saneamento Basico do Estado de Sao Paulo (SABESP), SP (Brazil)], e-mail: acbacic@sabesp.com.br

2004-07-01

This article intend to discuss the electricity generation with 30 kW (ISO) micro turbines, using biogas generated by sewage treatment process at SABESP (Basic Sanitation Company of Sao Paulo State), located at Barueri, Brazil. This project, pioneer in Latin America, is being accomplished together with BUN - Biomass Users Network of Brazil (proponent), by CENBIO - Brazilian Reference Center on Biomass (executer), with patronage of FINEP / CT-ENERG (financial backer), by means of COVENAT No: 23.01.0653.00, regarding to ENERG-BIOG Project - 'Installation and Tests of an Electric Energy Generation Demonstration Unit from Biogas Sewage Treatment'. This plant operates with anaerobic digestion process, which has as mainly products biogas (composed mainly by methane) and sludge. Currently, part of the methane produced is burnt in a boiler used to increase digesters efficiency process. The rest of the methane is burnt in flare to reduce the impacts caused by gases emissions. An alternative to flare it is the biogas conversion into electricity through engines and micro turbines. Thus, this article presents the project results, related with the exploitation of sewer biogas for power generation, as well as bigger details about purification, compression and electricity generation systems (biogas micro turbine), used in the facility. (author)

Estimation of electric power generation using coal from the fruit peel of cupuassu in Amazonas State, Brazil; Estimativa de geracao de energia eletrica utilizando o carvao da casca do fruto do cupuacuzeiro no estado do Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Antonio Cleuder Lima da [Manaus Energia S/A., Manaus, AM (Brazil); Santos, Eyde Cristiane Saraiva dos [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (FCA/UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil). Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias. Dept. de Engenharia Agricola e Solos], e-mail: eyde_cristianne@yahoo.com.br

2008-07-01

The application of the charcoal of agroforestry residue for the generation of electric energy, for being renewable power plant and possessing technology for application, comes being evidenced. In this research the potential of generation of electric energy was estimated, in the main producing cities of the State of Amazonas of the fruit of the cupuacuzeiro (Theobroma grandiflorum Wild. Ex. Spreng. Shum.), using the rind carbonized in technology of gasification, substitution of diesel. The charcoal of the rind of the fruit of the cupuacuzeiro presents to be able calorific next to the one to the deriving coal of the wood. Known the annual production of each one the cities, the amount and the cost of production of the generated electric energy, determined in this research, it justifies the exploitation of this residue, for having economic advantages, when comparative with the tariff of the adopted electric energy in the region for the concessionaire. (author)

Electric power generation from biogas coming from sewer treatment using a 18 kW generator group; Geracao de energia eletrica a partir do biogas proveniente do tratamento de esgoto utilizando um grupo gerador de 18 kW

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coelho, Suani Teixeira; Velazquez, Silvia Maria Stortini Gonzalez; Silva, Orlando Cristiano da; Abreu, Fernando Castro de [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil). Inst. de Eletrotecnica e Energia. Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa]. E-mail: suani@iee.usp.br; sgvelaz@iee.usp.br; gbntumbo@iee.usp.br; fcabreu@iee.usp.br

2006-07-01

The main objective of the effluent treatment is to correct its undesirable characteristics, however, during this process, residues like sludge and biogas are generated, and those residues can be used as raw materials. The PUREFA (Program of Rational Energy Use and Alternative Sources), compound by 14 purposes, is about a project of the USP - University of Sao Paulo, financial backer FINEP - Financier of Studies and Projects. This project had three main objectives: to implant measures of management and action of energy efficiency, to increase the distributed generation in the USP from the renewable resource and not conventional energy and to introduce incentive permanent politics to the efficient and rational use of energy. In the context, the Brazilian Reference Center on Biomass was responsible for two purposes, related to the biogas use for electricity generation. The first purpose had main objective to implant the generation system, to capture and to stock the biogas, produced by biodigestor in the Technological Hydraulically Center (CTH - USP). The biodigestor is a UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket), whose outflow of the biogas produce is near 4 m{sup 3}/day, opera rates 24 hours per day and utilize the sewer from the residential buildings located in Sao Paulo University, inside the campus. For the biogas utilization, was made its outflow, chemical composition and heat value identifications, parameters that allowed to determinate the real potential for generation and to shown the necessity of the previous treatment, as H2S removal. Finished this stage, was started the next purpose, regarding biogas used as fuel for electricity generation using a generator group Otto cycle. Nowadays this project is a demonstrative project. In this article the technical and environmental project results obtained will be presented. (author)

Annual report 2005 - Furnas Centrais Eletricas S.A

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2005-12-01

This progress report covers the year of 2005 general activity approaching the following areas: acronyms abbreviations and concepts, company profile, main indicators, company business, corporate performance, corporate governance and sustainable development

Annual report 2005 - Furnas Centrais Eletricas S.A

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2005-12-15

This progress report covers the year of 2005 general activity approaching the following areas: acronyms abbreviations and concepts, company profile, main indicators, company business, corporate performance, corporate governance and sustainable development.

Annual report 2002 - Furnas Centrais Eletricas S.A

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-07-01

This progress report covers the general activity approaching the following acting areas: stock position, planning engineering and construction, service rendering, production, trade, and operation and maintenance, environment, energy conservation, social commitment, total quality, research and development program, economic-financial management and financial statements.

Annual report 2002 - Furnas Centrais Eletricas S.A

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2003-01-01

This progress report covers the general activity approaching the following acting areas: stock position, planning engineering and construction, service rendering, production, trade, and operation and maintenance, environment, energy conservation, social commitment, total quality, research and development program, economic-financial management and financial statements

The environmental and social impact of electric energy generation in villages and states of the interior of Amazonas state, Brazil; O impacto socio-ambiental da geracao de energia eletrica nas vilas e municipios do interior do estado do Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Teixeira, Andre Frazao; Cavaliero, Carla Kazue Nakao [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica. Dept. de Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos

2004-07-01

The interior of the State of Amazonas is nowadays socio and economically stagnant in consequence of various structural problems. The lack of a reliable source of electricity in these areas is one of these problems, and it has been causing several environment and social problems for the local population. To show, in a historic context, the consequences of this scenario to the country side of the State of Amazonas, is the goal of this article. (author)

Avaliação dos métodos de Grant, Vora & Weeks e dos mínimos quadrados na determinação do valor incremental do mercado de carbono nos projetos de geração de energia elétrica no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabio Rodrigo Siqueira Batista

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a robustez dos métodos de Grant, Vora & Weeks e dos Mínimos Quadrados quando aplicados na avaliação de projetos de geração de energia eletrica a partir de fontes renovavéis desenvolvidos no ambito do Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo do Protocolo de Quioto. Em primeiro lugar, a metodologia proposta consiste em utilizar o modelo NEWAVE para estabelecer cenários hidrológicos de despacho para as usinas conectadas ao sistema interligado nacional. Em seguida, baseado no escopo da metodologia ACM0002, considera-se a incerteza associada a evolução temporal da linha de base do projeto. Finalmente, o valor incremental do mercado de carbono e estimado utilizando-se a Teoria das Opções Reais. Para tanto os métodos numericos citados anteriormente são utilizados sob a premissa de que o preço do crédito de carbono se comporta de forma aleatoria segundo as premissas de um Movimento Geometrico Browniano

Design and development of the pilot project on energy conservation in rural areas: a case study in High Lands of Mantiqueira; Concepcao e desenvolvimento do projeto piloto de conservacao de energia no meio rural: estudo de caso nas Terras Altas da Mantiqueira

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vilanova, Mateus Ricardo Nogueira; Vianna, Augusto Nelson Carvalho [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (IRN/UNIFEI), MG (Brazil). Inst. de Recursos Naturais], E-mail: mathidr@yahoo.com.br; Mattos, Roberto de [Fundacao ROGE, Delfim Moreira, MG (Brazil). Nucleo Integrado de Capacitacao Tecnica (NICATEC); Salvador, Emerson; Santos, Moises Antonio dos [Centrais Eletricas Brasileiras S.A. (ELETROBRAS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Div. de Eficiencia Energetica na Oferta

2010-07-01

This paper presents the motivations, objectives and methods of 'Pilot Project for Energy Conservation in Rural Areas: A case study in Mantiqueira Highlands', executed by the Center for Integrated Technical Training (NICATEC) of ROGE Foundation (Delfim Moreira - Minas Gerais) in partnership with Centrais Eletricas Brasileiras S.A. (ELETROBRAS), with support of the Energy Group, Federal University of Itajuba. The project falls into the National Electricity Conservation Program (PROCEL), seeking to extend to rural areas the activities and practices of conservation and rational use of electricity under the program, by the development of specific methodologies for energetic diagnosis and optimization of agrosystems. The object of study are farms that perform dairy farming, egg production and irrigated agriculture, located in eight municipalities of the Highlands. These properties are assessed through surveys and implementing the 'Questionnaire for energy use characterization rural areas', allowing the generation of indicators relating energy consumption with the agricultural production, beyond identifying the main causes of waste, for further development of educational material containing best practices for electricity conservation in rural areas. (author)

Economic and financial analysis of hybrid solar-wind power generation system installed in a isolated community in Jalapao-Tocantins, Brazil; Analise economica-financeira do sistema de geracao de energia eletrica hibrido solar-eolico instalado em uma comunidade isolada no Jalapao-TO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, W.F.; Zukowski Junior, J.C.; Nobrega, S.L. de; Marcon, R.O. [Universidade Luterana do Brasil (CEULP/ULBRA), Palmas, TO (Brazil). Centro Universitario Luterano de Palmas. Curso de Engenharia Agricola], Emails: zukowski@uft.edu.br, olavo@ulbra-to.br, silvestre@ulbra-to.br

2009-07-01

With the increasing of energetic demand in several production sectors, the search for renewable energy sources which do not cause negative environmental impacts has become more and more relevant. Amongst all the important factors to decide for installing isolated generation systems as renewable sources or diesel and taking the distribution network to isolated communities, it should be considered the economic viability of those benefits. This study aimed to analyse the hybrid solar wind system installed in an isolated community, in Jalapao - TO. Three scenarios were analyzed: first of them, getting the capital back with MRI = 6% per year; second one, getting the capital back with MRI = 0; and third, without getting the investment back. In all the three cases, O and M costs were considered. The proceeds were calculated from the production at the communities workshop, in which the electricity was available. The results indicated that this technology is economically viable if the generated energy is used for production process. It also demonstrated that the third scenario is more interesting for the community, since the contribution per family is only 8% of its incomes. (author)

Energy generation x environmental impact; Geracao de energia x impacto ambiental

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, Thalles Rodrigues

2011-07-01

This work aims: to analyze the various sources of energy giving a general idea of the good and bad points for each power generation model, and its impact in the environment, with the purpose of considering the best available options; research on alternative sources of energy production as well as Brazil's resources in a particular source of energy and point out their strengths and weaknesses; report the best options to take advantage of the available resources for energy production in Triangulo Mineiro, a region within Minas Gerais state.

Geographic information system(GIS) applications to optimize route selection, environmental analysis and power transmission line designs; Aplicaciones en sistemas de informacion geograficos (SIG) para optimizar seleccion de ruta, analisis ambiental y diseno de lineas de transmision

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cadena Suarez, Luis Fernando; Posada Delgado, Fabio Humberto; Alvarez Davila, Esteban; Gomez Colorado, Oscar Alberto [Interconexion Electrica S.A. (ISA), Medellin (Colombia)]. E-mail: fecadena@isa.com.co

2001-07-01

Interconexion Eletrica s.a. (ISA) is a company of the Colombian government for electric energy transportation through the national energy transportation network, it makes part of the companies group with growing environmental conscience. The better route identifications for high voltage transmission lines do not involve just the engineering analyses, but mainly the environmental one.These integrated analysis have been largely powered through the technology applications like Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). These technologies were applied for a total of 300 kilometers between 1992 and 2000 in the largest power transmission lines whose configurations cross different geographic conditions. This current technical contribution describes the application of GIS and RS technologies for the best routes, environmental sensibility analysis and environmental impact evaluations. The applications have resulted in the integration between engineering and environmental processes, optimization of environmental evaluation, formulations of procedures handling and environmental control, as well as transmission line profile characteristics. After the project construction, GIS can be used as a useful tool for environmental monitoring in connection with power transmission lines, maintenance of servitude areas, availability conditions and quality of the high voltage transmission service.

Compositos CNTs/bioceramico para a estimulacao eletrica ossea in situ

Science.gov (United States)

Mata, Diogo Miguel Rodrigues Marinho da

The present thesis aims to develop a biocompatible and electroconductor bone graft containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that allows the in situ regeneration of bone cells by applying pulsed external electrical stimuli. The CNTs were produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) by a semi-continuous method with a yield of 500 mg/day. The deposition parameters were optimised to obtain high pure CNTs 99.96% with controlled morphologies, fundamental requisites for the biomedical application under study. The chemical functionalisation of CNTs was also optimised to maximise their processability and biocompatibility. The CNTs were functionalised by the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 1,3-butadiene. The biological behaviour of the functionalised CNTs was evaluated in vitro with the osteoblastic cells line MG63 and in vivo, by subcutaneous implantation in rats. The materials did not induce an expressed inflammatory response, but the functionalised CNTs showed a superior in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility than the non-functionalised ones. Composites of ceramic matrix, of bioglass (Glass) and hydroxyapatite (HA), reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT/Glass/HA) were processed by a wet approach. The incorporation of just 4.4 vol% of CNTs allowed the increase of 10 orders of magnitude of the electrical conductivity of the matrix. In vitro studies with MG63 cells show that the CNT/Glass/HA composites guarantee the adhesion and proliferation of bone cells, and stimulate their phenotype expression, namely the alkaline phosphate (ALP). The interactions between the composite materials and the culture medium (α-MEM), under an applied electrical external field, were studied by scanning vibrating electrode technique. An increase of the culture medium electrical conductivity and the electrical field confinement in the presence of the conductive samples submerged in the medium was demonstrated. The in vitro electrical stimulation of MG63 cells on the conductive composites promotes the increase of the cell metabolic activity and DNA content by 130% and 60%, relatively to the non-stimulated condition, after only 3 days of daily stimulation of 15 μA for 15 min. Moreover, the osteoblastic gene expression for Runx2, osteocalcin (OC) and ALP was enhanced by 80%, 50% and 25%, after 5 days of stimulation. Instead, for dielectric materials, the stimulus delivering was less efficient, giving an equal or lower cellular response than the non-stimulated condition. The proposed electroconductive bone grafts offer exciting possibilities in bone regeneration strategies by delivering in situ electrical stimulus to cells and consequent control of the new bone tissue formation rate. It is expected that conductive smart biomaterials might turn the selective bone electrotherapy of clinical relevance by decreasing the postoperative healing times.

Petroleum electrical properties characterization; Caracterizaco de propriedades eletricas de petroleo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ueti, Edson; Sens, Marcio Antonio [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], e-mail: ueti@cepel.br

2006-07-01

Presently, petroleum wells consist predominantly of heavy type petroleum, that is submitted to decantation and separation of water, through desalinisation process. If this process is not efficient, the metallic piping will be severely corroded during refining. Hence, the knowledge of petroleum electric properties is essential for optimizing the separation of water from petroleum, by indicating its humidity in laboratory testing conditions. The present work shows an experimental procedure based on disposable cells for electric characterization of liquid polymeric materials. The use of standard cells is unfeasible, due to the petroleum physical characteristics. The procedures for the evaluation of electric properties shown in this work are applied for dielectric constant values up to 200 kHz, as well as for the electric conductivity in direct current and the electrical strength in industrial frequency. (author)

Costs characterization for small scale hydroelectric power plants; Caracterizacao dos custos de pequenas centrais hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliva, Vagner Jose; Carrocci, Luiz Roberto; Avellar, Luis Henrique Nobre [UNESP, Guaratingueta, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia. Dept. de Energia; Florencano, Jose Carlos S. [UNITAU (WEC). Dept. de Engenharia Civil

1997-12-31

A set of new projects were developed according the Manuais de Estudos e Projetos de PCH (ELETROBRAS-DNAEE). This paper, initially, shows an analysis of cost for each components of PCH taking into account the real costs of these projects. It also presents a global equation which allows a preliminary estimation of cost for each construction. In a second moment, it shows an another analysis using few second moment, it shows an another analysis using few elements for a better hydraulic utilization. (author) 9 refs., 1 tab.; e-mail: lavellar at feg.unesp.br

Small hydro power project operating in cascade; Projeto de pequenas centrais hidreletricas operando em cascata

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Robson Siqueira Filadelfo dos [Minas Gerais Univ., Belo Horizonte (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Nuclear; Martinez, Carlos Barreira; Macedo, Alberto Amarante [Minas Gerais Univ., Belo Horizonte (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Hidraulica e Recursos Hidricos

1999-07-01

Small Hydro Power is a good option of generation mainly when they are located close to the consumers, because they demand smaller absolute value of invested capital and smaller time of maturation. Besides, the great repressed demand, mainly in the schedules of point, and the recovery of the values of the tariffs has been showed to private investor for this type of central. This paper develops a new method that allows to give agility to the study of small hydropower operating in cascade form in order to optimize the cost-benefit relationship of the enterprise. Approaches are presented for the evaluation of this type of system, the methodology of partition of falls and the proposed model. A case study, in which this method is applied, is shown at the end of this work. (author)

The microturbines and the distributed generation; As microturbinas e a geracao distribuida

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bona, Felipe Samuel de; Ruppert Filho, Ernesto [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Campinas, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computacao

2004-07-01

The deregulation of the electrical power system, the new emerging generation technologies and the difficulty of getting the high investments required by the power system changed the way to produce and transmit electricity worldwide. The centralized generation, with big power plants and long transmission lines will share the power electricity market with smaller generation units, placed near the customer. It's the Distributed Generation, which comprises a significant number of new generation technologies: micro turbines, fuel cells, photovoltaic systems, combustion engines, wind generation, etc. In Brazil, the micro turbine is one of the favorites technologies to do this kind of generation due to its many benefits and the interest of the Brazilian government in using the great quantity of natural gas available in the country for power generation. (author)

The economic and financial crisis of the Centrais Eletricas do Para (Para Power Plants), Para state, Brazil; A crise economico-financeira das Centrais Eletricas do Para

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Marcos Vinicius Miranda da [Universidade da Amazonia (UNAMA), Belem, PA (Brazil). Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas Economicas e Energeticas]. E-mail: vini67@ig.com.br; Bermann, Celio [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil). Inst. de Eletrotecnica e Energia. Programa Interunidades de Pos-graduacao em Energia]. E-mail: cbermann@iee.usp.br

2006-07-01

This article analyses the origin and extension of the crisis within the period of 1970 up to 2004 and uses as indicators the general, instantaneous, quick, and current liquidities, the guarantee of third part capitals, the debt grade and the equity capital rentability.

Wood-fuel biomass from the Madeira River: A sustainable option for electricity production in the Amazon region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bacellar, Atlas Augusto; Rocha, Brigida R.P.

2010-01-01

The universal provision of electricity remains far from achieved in the Brazilian Amazon, given the geographical obstacles, the dispersion of its inhabitants, the indistinctness of appropriate technologies, and the economic obstacles. Governmental action was taken in 2003 with the creation of the Light for All Program (PLpT), with the goal of bringing electricity to all rural consumers by 2010. In addition, the National Electric Power Agency, ANEEL (Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica), which is responsible in Brazil for the electrical sector regulation, has issued a determination of compulsory access to electricity by 2015. This study describes research conducted on the Madeira River, in the Brazilian Amazon, where the electric needs of the communities and small towns along the river can be satisfied through the gasification system, using as a renewable feedstock the wood-fuel biomass deposited on the riverbed, derived from natural processes, which the Ministry of Transport is already legally obligated to remove in order to provide safe navigation along the river. The study concludes by comparing the competitiveness of this system to diesel thermoelectric plants, along with its advantages in reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. Our results should help future studies in others areas with similar phenomena.

Wood-fuel biomass from the Madeira River. A sustainable option for electricity production in the Amazon region

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bacellar, Atlas Augusto [Center of Amazonic Energy Development, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Campus Universitario, Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordao Ramos, 3000, 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas (Brazil); Rocha, Brigida R.P. [Post-Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade Federal do Para, Rua Augusto Correa 1, Guama, 66075-110 Belem, Para (Brazil)

2010-09-15

The universal provision of electricity remains far from achieved in the Brazilian Amazon, given the geographical obstacles, the dispersion of its inhabitants, the indistinctness of appropriate technologies, and the economic obstacles. Governmental action was taken in 2003 with the creation of the Light for All Program (PLpT), with the goal of bringing electricity to all rural consumers by 2010. In addition, the National Electric Power Agency, ANEEL (Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica), which is responsible in Brazil for the electrical sector regulation, has issued a determination of compulsory access to electricity by 2015. This study describes research conducted on the Madeira River, in the Brazilian Amazon, where the electric needs of the communities and small towns along the river can be satisfied through the gasification system, using as a renewable feedstock the wood-fuel biomass deposited on the riverbed, derived from natural processes, which the Ministry of Transport is already legally obligated to remove in order to provide safe navigation along the river. The study concludes by comparing the competitiveness of this system to diesel thermoelectric plants, along with its advantages in reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. Our results should help future studies in others areas with similar phenomena. (author)

Wood-fuel biomass from the Madeira River: A sustainable option for electricity production in the Amazon region

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bacellar, Atlas Augusto, E-mail: abacellar@ufam.edu.b [Center of Amazonic Energy Development, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Campus Universitario, Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordao Ramos, 3000, 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas (Brazil); Rocha, Brigida R.P. [Post-Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade Federal do Para, Rua Augusto Correa 1, Guama, 66075-110 Belem, Para (Brazil)

2010-09-15

The universal provision of electricity remains far from achieved in the Brazilian Amazon, given the geographical obstacles, the dispersion of its inhabitants, the indistinctness of appropriate technologies, and the economic obstacles. Governmental action was taken in 2003 with the creation of the Light for All Program (PLpT), with the goal of bringing electricity to all rural consumers by 2010. In addition, the National Electric Power Agency, ANEEL (Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica), which is responsible in Brazil for the electrical sector regulation, has issued a determination of compulsory access to electricity by 2015. This study describes research conducted on the Madeira River, in the Brazilian Amazon, where the electric needs of the communities and small towns along the river can be satisfied through the gasification system, using as a renewable feedstock the wood-fuel biomass deposited on the riverbed, derived from natural processes, which the Ministry of Transport is already legally obligated to remove in order to provide safe navigation along the river. The study concludes by comparing the competitiveness of this system to diesel thermoelectric plants, along with its advantages in reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. Our results should help future studies in others areas with similar phenomena.

The generation of electric power in a model of endogenous development: possible solutions for isolated communities in the Amazonas State, Brazil; A geracao de energia eletrica em um modelo de desenvolvimento endogeno: possiveis solucoes para as comunidades isoladas do interior do estado do Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Teixeira, Andre Frazao; Cavaliero, Carla Kazue Nakao [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEM/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica

2006-07-01

This work was developed to fit the generation of electric energy for the isolated communities of the interior of the Amazonas State in a context of endogenous development. A regional development is proposed, with the inclusion of the generation of electric energy for these communities in a context of development, rather than the isolated form proposed in the federal government electrification program of 'Luz Para Todos' (Light For All). (author)

A residential solar roofing program for Brazil: guidelines for public policies envisaging the use of photovoltaic generation connected to the power line; Um programa residencial de telhados solares para o Brasil: diretrizes de politicas publicas para a insercao da geracao fotovoltaica conectada a rede eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Salamoni, Isabel Tourinho

2009-07-01

Although Brazil has great potential for photovoltaics (PV), and is particularly privileged by high solar radiation levels, the role of this renewable energy source (RES) at the Brazilian market is still very small, and the current legislation of the electric sector has no incentives for grid-connected PV systems. The high costs and the paradigm that this RES is feasible for grid-connection only for developed countries are the fundamental arguments placed to justify the lack of consideration of PV energy in Brazil. The main aim of this thesis is to develop a guideline to create a reliable legislation and regulation framework for the Brazilian electrical sector towards the implementation of a widespread grid-connected PV roofs program, and to show a grid parity analysis between conventional generation and PV generation. It also demonstrates the benefits of grid-connected PV systems and it presents the bottlenecks that limit the widespread adoption of PV energy at the Brazilian electrical sector mix. The proposed mechanism to be applied in Brazil is based on the German program (Feed-in Law) and it is analyzed under different scenarios. With this study, it is possible to make an economic viability analysis of grid-connected PV in Brazil, to identify the most suitable PV roof program size for the beginning of the program, and the consequent impacts on tariffs, through the dilution of these costs for the residential energy consumer. The grid-parity analysis shows that from 2015 and 2020 it will be possible to reach grid parity for PV in some regions in Brazil. It is possible that this parity happens even before that time, according to the interest rates applied in Brazil. In this context, it is crucial to create an incentive program to promote PV energy in Brazil, even if current prices are not competitive with conventional generation prices, so that the necessary experience to develop a large scale mechanism could happen with the maximum benefits and in an orderly way when grid parity arrives. (author)

Generation potential of electric power surplus with the biogas produced from anaerobic bio digestion of vinasse in Brazilian sugar-ethanol industry; Potencial de geracao de excedentes de energia eletrica com o biogas produzido a partir da biodigestao da vinhaca na industria sucro-alcooleira brasileira

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lamonica, Helcio Martins [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (DE/FEM/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica. Dept. de Energia

2006-07-01

This work evaluates the electric power potential of the Brazilian sugarcane industry using the biogas produced by vinasse biodigestion in internal combustion engine driven generators. The electric power surplus based on crop 2004/05 ethanol production data is 9,292 TJ/year (2.6 TWh/year), 0.75% of the total electric power consumption in Brazil during the year of 2003. In spite of its considerable potential the determined minimum selling price for its produced energy of R$ 89.98/GJ (R$ 323.92/MWh) is expensive for present Brazilian electric power market price. (author)

2000 annual report of Espirito Santo Centrais Eletricas S. A. - ESCELSA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2000-01-01

This document reports the activities of the Espirito Santo Electric Power Plants, Brazil, during the year 2000. The document presents figures on economic and financial, market, human resources, and indicators of the operating margin, personnel plus third party services and net operating revenue, energy losses, equivalent outage duration per customer, equivalent frequency outage per customer, average service response time and the number of customers per employee

Gasification for electric energy production; Gaseificacao para producao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moraes, Paulo Luiz Jardim de [Light Servicos de Eletricidade SA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

1988-12-31

Development and research activities that lead the Fuel Gas Project into a success demonstrate the viability of using charcoal gas as an alternative fuel for diesel - driven electric generators. This viability came clear when satisfactory results were achieved in the reducing of oil and charcoal consumption as well as in the durability of diesel engines. All this adds up to great social benefits that arise from its use in the electric generation in northern Brazil and mid-west regions. (author) 17 figs., 7 tabs.

Perspectives for the coal thermoelectric generation; Perspectivas para a geracao termeletrica a carvao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marreco, Juliana de M. [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Programa de Planejamento Energetico; Pereira Junior, Amaro; Tavares, Marina E. [EPE - Empresa de Pesquisa Energetica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2006-07-01

This paper presents coal future perspectives on power generation. Based on a global market point of view and on demand scenarios. Positive and negative aspects are analysed: if on one hand it may be the solution for safety energy supply, by the other hand it may jeopardize the environment. Nevertheless, new clean coal technologies are now available overcoming some of these difficulties. Without any bias, the paper objective is to provide data for a fair valuation over the coal expansion on power generation in the world and in Brazil. (author)

Income generation in the supply chain of acai in the design of electric energy supply in isolated communities in the municipality of Manacapuru, AM; Geracao de renda na cadeia produtiva do acai em projeto de abastecimento de energia eletrica em comunidades isoladas no Municipio de Manacapuru-AM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bacellar, Atlas A; Souza, Rubem C.R.; Xavier, Diogo J.C.; Seye, Omar; Bacellar, Atlas A; Santos, Eyde C.S.; Freitas, Katriana T. [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (CDEAM/UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil). Centro de Desenvolvimento Energetico Amazonico], Email: abacellar@ufam.edu.br

2006-07-01

Efforts endeavored by the State aiming to universalize the electricity use in Brazil, PRODEEM and Programa Luz Para Todos are examples of it, had have as result high insolvency or interruption. The aim of this work is to analyze the potentialities of increasing incomes in communities at the city of Manacapuru - AM, assisted by the research project 'Model of electric power Businesses in Isolated Communities at the Amazon region'- NERAM, under the responsibility of CDEAM of Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, starting from acai supply chain. The strategy is to implement an industry of acai's pulps with the objectives of adding value to the fruit and to use the pits as biomass to generate power. Cooperative as a legal model of enterprise was adopted in order to be responsible for the industry with the participation of the families that work with the fruit and the community in general. The cooperative plant idealized was based on the report of a socioeconomic research applied at the communities. Three methods were used to analyze the investment: Uniform Annual Value Equivalent, Liquid Present Value and Ratio of Internal Return. The results demonstrated the enterprise's viability since obeying the following premises: 50 tons of minimum production of acai per month; R$ 2.50 as a minimum pulp's sale price; and 0.60 kg of pulp for 1 kg of fruit as minimum productivity, which will create nine new puts of work, warranty of acai's fruit sale, income's increasing for the cooperative and incentive to catch the fruit. (author)

Income generation in the supply chain of acai in the design of electric energy supply in isolated communities in the municipality of Manacapuru, AM; Geracao de renda na cadeia produtiva do acai em projeto de abastecimento de energia eletrica em comunidades isoladas no Municipio de Manacapuru-AM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bacellar, Atlas A.; Souza, Rubem C.R.; Xavier, Diogo J.C.; Seye, Omar; Bacellar, Atlas A.; Santos, Eyde C.S.; Freitas, Katriana T. [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (CDEAM/UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil). Centro de Desenvolvimento Energetico Amazonico], Email: abacellar@ufam.edu.br

2006-07-01

Efforts endeavored by the State aiming to universalize the electricity use in Brazil, PRODEEM and Programa Luz Para Todos are examples of it, had have as result high insolvency or interruption. The aim of this work is to analyze the potentialities of increasing incomes in communities at the city of Manacapuru - AM, assisted by the research project 'Model of electric power Businesses in Isolated Communities at the Amazon region'- NERAM, under the responsibility of CDEAM of Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, starting from acai supply chain. The strategy is to implement an industry of acai's pulps with the objectives of adding value to the fruit and to use the pits as biomass to generate power. Cooperative as a legal model of enterprise was adopted in order to be responsible for the industry with the participation of the families that work with the fruit and the community in general. The cooperative plant idealized was based on the report of a socioeconomic research applied at the communities. Three methods were used to analyze the investment: Uniform Annual Value Equivalent, Liquid Present Value and Ratio of Internal Return. The results demonstrated the enterprise's viability since obeying the following premises: 50 tons of minimum production of acai per month; R$ 2.50 as a minimum pulp's sale price; and 0.60 kg of pulp for 1 kg of fruit as minimum productivity, which will create nine new puts of work, warranty of acai's fruit sale, income's increasing for the cooperative and incentive to catch the fruit. (author)

The portfolio theory applied to small hydroelectric power plants; Teoria do portfolio aplicada a pequenas centrais hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bastos, Paulo Roberto Ferreira de Moura

2002-07-01

The 'Portfolio Theory' has been largely employed on stock markets, aiming to improve the relation between risk and return. This theory identifies many possible investment combinations once it's associated with the idea that increasing investment diversification can lower risk. The objective is, thus identify the portfolio that offers the most efficient diversification of capital. The reforms on the energy sector in Brazil have made investments on both generation and commercialization of electric energy easier for medium sized investors. There have been economic incentives to the exploration of wind and bio-mass energy, and to the construction of small hydro-electric power plants (in Portuguese, PCH), as well as many legal and regulatory mechanisms pursuing the maintenance of elevate rates of participation of renewable source in the production of electrical energy in Brazil. Between these options, the PCH are a specially good opportunity taking account of its minimum environment impact, low operational costs and total technologic control. The decision concerning investment options has been based on standard economic analysis like 'Net Present Value', 'Payback Time' or 'Cost/Benefit Relations'. Other techniques such as scenario and sensitivity have been incorporated and, more recently, there has been a search for other methods consider the uncertainty of happenings within the horizon of study. This dissertation will analyse six possibilities of PCH with standard techniques. Of them, the four possibilities considered viable will constitute our examples for the application of Portfolio Theory techniques. Once the active portfolio is determined, the best option is identified using the 'mean-variance efficient' developed by Markowitz, concluding that the theory can give better support to the decision-making in future enterprises on the electric sector. After considering the optimal return/risk combinations, there was a change on the hierarchy concerning the best options between the four possibilities. When confronted with other correlation coefficients (statistical measures of how two return move together), huge influence on the results were observed again. Therefore, the necessity of risk and uncertainty analysis, and option for diversified portfolios is confirmed, however, this does not mean that standard economics methods should be abandoned. (author)

Standardization of electric projects of small hydroelectric power plants; Padronizacao de projetos eletricos de pequenas centrais hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lima, Roberth dos Santos

2002-07-01

This work presents a standardizing proposal for Electrical Projects of small hydroelectric central and it has as objective to optimize some solutions for the most cases, considering the great diversity of options. The development of the dissertation is the result of several real cases of projects of hydroelectric centrals. Besides the projects, several bibliographies about the case which is being studied were researched, taking into consideration the entire proposal presented to the respective authors and, finally, as synthesis to all observations made in that study, the presentation of an optimized solution for the job of the electrical components and a proposal for the estimate of costs of those components. The conclusions of this work present a favorable result because they offer an initial proposal for the standardizing of information considered extremely important for the carrying out of a project of hydroelectric central. (author)

The portfolio theory applied to small hydroelectric power plants; Teoria do portfolio aplicada a pequenas centrais hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bastos, Paulo Roberto Ferreira de Moura

2002-07-01

The 'Portfolio Theory' has been largely employed on stock markets, aiming to improve the relation between risk and return. This theory identifies many possible investment combinations once it's associated with the idea that increasing investment diversification can lower risk. The objective is, thus identify the portfolio that offers the most efficient diversification of capital. The reforms on the energy sector in Brazil have made investments on both generation and commercialization of electric energy easier for medium sized investors. There have been economic incentives to the exploration of wind and bio-mass energy, and to the construction of small hydro-electric power plants (in Portuguese, PCH), as well as many legal and regulatory mechanisms pursuing the maintenance of elevate rates of participation of renewable source in the production of electrical energy in Brazil. Between these options, the PCH are a specially good opportunity taking account of its minimum environment impact, low operational costs and total technologic control. The decision concerning investment options has been based on standard economic analysis like 'Net Present Value', 'Payback Time' or 'Cost/Benefit Relations'. Other techniques such as scenario and sensitivity have been incorporated and, more recently, there has been a search for other methods consider the uncertainty of happenings within the horizon of study. This dissertation will analyse six possibilities of PCH with standard techniques. Of them, the four possibilities considered viable will constitute our examples for the application of Portfolio Theory techniques. Once the active portfolio is determined, the best option is identified using the 'mean-variance efficient' developed by Markowitz, concluding that the theory can give better support to the decision-making in future enterprises on the electric sector. After considering the optimal return/risk combinations, there was a change on the hierarchy concerning the best options between the four possibilities. When confronted with other correlation coefficients (statistical measures of how two return move together), huge influence on the results were observed again. Therefore, the necessity of risk and uncertainty analysis, and option for diversified portfolios is confirmed, however, this does not mean that standard economics methods should be abandoned. (author)

Recycling of electric arc furnace dust; Reciclagem de poeira de aciaria eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marques Sobrinho, Vicente de Paulo Ferreira; Oliveira, Jose Roberto de, E-mail: vicente@ifes.edu.b [Instituto Federal de Ciencia e Tecnologia do Espirito Santo (IFES), Vitoria, ES (Brazil); Tenorio, Jorge Alberto Soares; Espinosa, Denise Crocce Romano [Universidade de Sao Paulo (EPUSP), SP (Brazil). Escola Politecnica

2010-07-01

This research aims to study the process of incorporation of the metal iron in electric arc furnace dust (EAFD), from a steel mill producing long steel by liquid iron in addition to the changing temperature of 1400 degrees Celsius of EAFD 'as received', the percentage of EAFD to be added (5, 10 and 20% of initial weight of sample pig iron) and the time of withdrawal of the sample of pig iron and slag (30 minutes after the addition of EAFD). Previously, the EAFD will be characterized using the following techniques: chemical analysis, size analysis, specific surface area, Xray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis. . After characterization, the EAFD will be added to the bath of liquid pig iron. It is expected that the results obtained at the end of the research allow the evaluation of the iron metal incorporation of EAFD in pig iron bath. (author)

The electric power in Latin America; A energia eletrica na America Latina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moura Coutinho, Berenice Cabral de [Sao Paulo Univ., SP (Brazil). Inst. de Historia; Bernini, Eduardo Jose [Agencia para Aplicacao de Energia, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Silva, Demostenes Barbosa da [Companhia Energetica de Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

1990-02-01

This paper shows a study for determination of the possibilities and the perspectives of power distribution systems integration between Brazil and the neighbor countries, for electric power supply. This integration aims the electric power supply of the different regions of the countries with the minimum cost alternative. The stand-by and emergency supply will be obtained with this action, minimizing the occurrence of supply disruptions in the interconnected countries 4 refs., 7 figs., 7 tabs.

Silviculture and electric energy distribution; Arborizacao e a distribuicao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Eyde Cristianne Saraiva dos; Oliveira, Fernanda Miranda de; Figueiredo Junior, Jackson de Freitas; Moura, Rodolfo Pessoa de Melo [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Agricola e Solos], e-mail: eyde_cristianne@yahoo.com.br

2008-07-01

The electricity transmission line route travels long distances to reach the point of delivery. But along that route are the components of trees that if not managed properly touch the drivers or processors can turn off part of the network, causing inconvenience to consumers and urgency in the maintenance of the network by the concessionaire of electric energy. To avoid such problems it is necessary to adopt a program of pruning trees and set components with characteristics of easy management. The research aims to contribute presented with recommendations concerning the establishment of post and trees, respecting environmental legislation. (author)

Low power cogeneration prototype system; Prototipo de sistema de co-geracao de pequena potencia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Sara M.; Martins, Jose A.S.; Camara, Paulo R.; Cortes, Breno P.; Neves, Elierton E. [Centro de Tecnologias do Gas (CTGAS), Natal, RN (Brazil); F. Filho, Roberto; Campos, Michel F. [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2004-07-01

The fuels from oil and natural gas play an important role, not only in the sector of primary energy, but also in almost all the other sectors of the economy, due to its imbrication as insum of these. The use of the natural gas will have great expansion in Brazil, motivated for the Government decision to increase the participation of this fuel in the Brazilian energy matrix from 4% to 12% up to 2010. Then, it's so important the investment in new technologies and also the improvement. In order to reach the objective related to increase the consumption of natural gas in the energy matrix, and to propose solutions to attend the electric requirements, of heat and refrigeration, using natural gas as primary power plant, the Center of Gas Technologies; CTGAS, in partnership with PETROBRAS and the Fockink Group, has developed the first modular system of generation and co-generation of energy by natural gas of low power, of easy installation and shipment with the characteristics techniques to take care of to companies or industrial sectors that consummate this band of power. The equipment generates 35 kW/55 kVA of electric energy, 7TR (Ton of Refrigeration) of energy for refrigeration and posses the ability to heat 2200 l/h of water in the temperature of 85 deg C. The equipment will be able to produce electric and thermal energy simultaneously, from an only fuel, the natural gas. The main objective of this work is to present the main phases of development of the archetype, functions techniques of the co-generator and its field of performance in the market of systems for generation and co-generation of energy by natural gas of low power. (author)

Thermonuclear generation program: risks and safety; Programa de geracao termonuclear: seus riscos e segurancas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goes, Alexandre Gromann de Araujo

1999-07-01

This work deals with the fundamental concepts of risk and safety related to nuclear power generation. In the first chapter, a general evaluation of the various systems for energy generation and their environmental impacts is made. Some definitions for safety and risk are suggested, based on the already existing regulatory processes and also on the current tendencies of risk management. Aspects regarding the safety culture are commented. The International Nuclear Event Scale (INES), a coherent and clear mechanism of communication between nuclear specialists and the general public, is analyzed. The second chapter examines the thermonuclear generation program in Brazil and the role of the National Nuclear Energy Commission. The third chapter presents national and international scenarios in terms of safety and risks, available policies and the main obstacles for future development of nuclear energy and nuclear engineering, and strategies are proposed. In the last chapter, comments about possible trends and recommendations related to practical risk management procedures, taking into account rational criteria for resources distribution and risk reduction are made, envisaging a closer integration between nuclear specialists and the society as a whole, thus decreasing the conflicts in a democratic decision-making process.

Rural electrification in Santarem: the contribution of micro hydropower; Eletrificacao rural em Santarem: contribuicao das micro centrais hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Els, Rudi Henri Van [Universidade de Brasilia (UnB), DF (Brazil). Lab. de Energia e Ambiente; Diniz, Janaina Deane de Abreu Sa; Souza, Josiane do Socorro Aguiar de; Brasil Junior, Antonio Cesar Pinho; Sousa, Antonio Nazareno Almada de; Kroetz, Jaemir Grasiel [Indalma Industria e Comercio, Santarem, PA (Brazil)

2011-04-15

The municipality of Santarem in the lower Amazon river is the main center in the western region of the state of Para with a population of 274.285 inhabitants, with 31.633 of them living in the rural zone, where only 1.060 rural costumers have access to regular electricity service from the utility provider. This incipient coverage of electricity service in the rural zone urged the local population to look for alternatives. This was found in the use of the hydraulic potential of creeks and rivers with rapids and waterfalls to implement pico and micro hydroelectric plants. So since 2001, 44 pico and 12 micro hydropower plants were installed in the municipalities of Santarem, Belterra and Uruara in the state of Para by local entrepreneurs and communities to attend their basic electricity needs. These systems attend approximately 580 families with a total installed capacity of more than 700 kVA . The consolidation of this technological alternative induced the Regional Superintendent of the Institute for Colonization and Land Reform (INCRA ) and the Municipality of Santarem to elaborate a project to attend the land reform settlements in the region. This led to the installation of 6 micro hydropower (MHP) with a total installed capacity of 820kVA and a 252 km distribution network to attend 1.630 families in the settlements of Moju and Corta Corda. The purpose of this paper is to present the MHP's installed in the region and to show the contribution of these units in the rural electrification of rural settlements in Santarem. The paper discusses also the management model of these units. The survey's methodology consisted in the systematization of project data from the plant builder, INCRA and the municipality. The information was obtained from the official bibliography from the local actors and complemented by field surveys with interviews and observation. Despite the fact that the MHP's are in operation, they are not yet registered in the data base of the electric sector. The proposed management model is that of collective administration where the operation of the system is done by the proper community. However, the operation and maintenance of the systems is still coordinated by the municipality, because the mechanisms to implement the collective management have not yet been created. Rural electrification through MHP's showed to be viable to attend rural communities in the municipality of Santarem. However, in order to succeed, the communities have to be organized in rural electricity utilities cooperatives to include these initiatives in the electric sector, attending the installations to the sector's standards and consolidating the management model. (author)

Overview of the small scale hydroelectric power plant in Brazil; Um panorama das pequenas centrais hidreletricas no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tiago Filho, Geraldo Lucio; Galhardo, Camila Rocha; Nascimento, Jose Guilherme Antologado; Ferrari, Jason Tibirica [Centro Nacional de Referencia em Pequenas Centrais Hidreletricas (CERPCH), Itajuba, MG (Brazil)

2007-04-15

The papers presents a general overview about the participation of SHP in the national energy matrix and display the results of studies about evaluation of the potential appropriate existent hydraulic to new enterprises of small load, to be explored in short or long term. (author)

A study to solve the variability of wind generation through integration of large-scale hydraulic generation; Um estudo para resolver a variabilidade da geracao eolica atraves da integracao em larga escala com geracao hidraulica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Emmerik, Emanuel Leonardus van; Steinberger, Johann Michael; Aredes, Mauricio [Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao de Engenharia (PEE/COPPE/UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Programa de Engenharia Eletrica

2010-07-01

The optimal deployment of wind generation with the hydro generation is being investigated as a viable option to assist in resolving the constraints coming ahead as a consequence of the tendency of recovery in the Brazilian Amazon basin for expansion of generating facilities. It is in the validity of this research that this work is focused. The value is shown of feasibility studies of using water power generation to offset the variability of wind generation when it is deployed on a large scale. Preliminary results are presented for the variability of wind generation at various cycles, the variability of the availability of hydropower. (author)

Analysis of economic viability in a hybrid solar-wind system in the generation of electrical energy to an Maroon isolated community of Jalapao - TO, Brazil; Analise da viabilidade economica em um sistema hibrido solar-eolico na geracao de energia eletrica para uma comunidade isolada e quilombola do Jalapao - TO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Weder Ferreira dos; Zukowski Junior, Joel Carlos; Nobrega, Silvestre Lopes da; Marcon, Rogerio Olavo [Universidade Luterana do Brasil (CEULP/ULBRA), Palmas, TO (Brazil). Centro Universitario Luterano

2008-07-01

With the increasing of energetic demand in several production sectors, the search for renewable energy sources which do not cause negative environmental impacts has become more and more relevant. Amongst all the important factors to decide for installing isolated generation systems as renewable sources or diesel and taking the distribution network to isolated communities, it should be considered the economic viability of those benefits. This study aimed to analyse the hybrid solar-aeolian system installed in an isolated community, in Jalapao/TO. Three scenarios were analyzed: first of them, getting the capital back with MRI = 6% per year; second one, getting the capital back with MRI = 0; and third, without getting the investment back. In all the three cases, O and M costs were considered. The proceeds were calculated from the production at the community workshop, in which the electricity was available. The results indicated that this technology is economically viable if the generated energy is used for production process. It also demonstrated that the third scenario is more interesting for the community, since the contribution per family is only 8% of its incomes. (author)

Scenarios of power transmission networks; Cenarios de redes de transmissao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza Fonseca, L.G. de; Savi, T C.O.; Morozowski Filho, M; Camargo, C C [ELETROSUL, Florianopolis, SC (Brazil)

1985-12-31

This work discusses the electrical network expansion considering long term horizons and a purpose of methodology for the establishment of transmission network scenarios. As part of the transmission scenario studies the network expansion problem is described by linearized power flow models and, for transmission system analysis and synthesis, the minimum effort criteria and interactive SINTRA program are used. 4 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

Annual statistic report - Centrais Eletricas de Santa Catarina S.A. -1995. Continuous supplying

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1996-04-01

The data concerning the electric power supplied in 1995 by the Santa Catarina State utility, Brazil, are presented. The data is presented in a graphic way and are compared regionwise to those of the previous year. 82 figs., 11 tabs

The scenario of power generation in Brazil; O cenario da geracao de energia no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dupim, Ivaldete da Silva [Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, SP (Brazil); Abreu Junior, Otavio Castor de; Moreira, Joao Manoel Losada; Carajilescov, Pedro; Leite, Patricia Teixeira; Cicogna, Marcelo A.

2008-07-01

The values concerning to the production of national power today, the evolution of composition and the installed capacity of electric matrix between the years 1980-2005, the outlook for demand and supply of energy according to the 'Plano Decenal de Energia' (2006-2015) were used as information basis for this study and analysis of some peculiar characteristics of the management of the energy sector in Brazil. The main objective was to highlight the importance of hydroelectric generation in Brazil. Finally we tried to make the comparison of the costs of hydroelectric generation in relation to other alternative sources available in the country.

Business analysis of generation considering environmental opportunities; Analise de negocios de geracao considerando oportunidades ambientais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cyrillo, Ivo Ordonha [Universidade de Sao Paulo (ENERQ/USP), SP (Brazil). Centro de Estudos em Regulacao e Qualidade de Energia; Pelegrini, Marcelo A.; Gemignani, Matheus M.F.

2008-07-01

The project 'Business's Power Generation Evaluation Considering Environmental Opportunities' is about developing a methodology to analyze feasibility of new power generation factory from the point of view of the investor, examining the technical, economic-financial, risk, regulatory, social and environmental aspects. The opportunities arising from Kyoto Protocol were added in feasibility's analysis. (author)

Systemic study of knowledge generation at IPEN; Estudo sistemico da geracao de conhecimento no IPEN

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Monteiro, Carlos Anisio

2016-11-01

With the aim of providing subsidies to understand how scientific collaboration process occurs and develops into a research institution, particularly IPEN, this study used two methodological approaches. The first used the social networking analysis (SNA) technique to map the scientific collaboration networks in R&D of IPEN. The data used for the SNA technique were extracted from the technical and scientific publications database of IPEN, using a computer program, and were based on co-authorship from 2001 to 2010 period. These data were grouped into consecutive intervals of two years generating five biennial networks. This first approach showed several structural features related to collaborative networks, especially the most prominent authors, distribution of components, density, boundary spanners and aspects related to distance and clustering to define small world networks. In the second approach, partial least squares, a method to structure equation modeling, was used to evaluate and test a conceptual model based on personal, social, cultural and circumstantial factors to identify those that best explain the propensity of an IPENs author in establishing links of collaboration in R&D environments. From the consolidated model, we evaluated how much it explains the structural position of an author on the network based on SNA indicators. In this second part, the data were collected through a survey research using a questionnaire. The results showed that the model explains about 41% of the propensity of an IPEN author in collaborating with others authors, and in relation to the structural position of an author on the network, the explanation power of model ranged between 3% and 3.6%. Other results have shown that collaboration between IPEN authors have a positive correlation with moderate intensity to productivity, in the same way, the most central authors in the network tend to increase its visibility. Finally, several other bibliometric statistical indicators related to R&D collaboration network of IPEN were determined and unveiled, such as the average number of authors per publication, the average of publications by IPEN authors, the total number of publications, the total number of authors, among others. Thus, this work provides a theoretical and empirical contribution to the studies related to scientific collaboration and to the transfer and preservation process of knowledge, as well as various subsidies that contribute to the decision making context in R&D environments. (author)

Electric power generation from biomass gasification; Geracao de eletricidade a partir da gaseificacao de biomassa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sales, Cristina Aparecida Vilas Boas de; Andrade, Rubenildo Vieira; Lora, Electo Eduardo Silva [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (NEST/IEM/UNIFEI), MG (Brazil). Inst. de Engenharia Mecanica. Nucleo de Estudos em Sistemas Termicos], e-mails: cristinasales@unifei.edu.br, ruben@unifei.edu.br, electo@unifei.edu.br

2006-07-01

This paper presents a techno-economical evaluation of the biomass gasification utilization with different technologies such as: reciprocating engine, gas micro turbine, Stirling engine and fuel cells for small scale electricity generation. The comparative evaluation about the technologies is limited to the utilization in isolated areas. This paper shows the principal characteristics of these technologies. (author)

Steam generation process control and automation; Automacao e controle no processo de geracao de vapor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza Junior, Jose Cleodon de; Silva, Walmy Andre C.M. da [PETROBRAS S.A., Natal, RN (Brazil)

2004-07-01

This paper describes the implementation of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) in the steam generation process for injection in heavy oil fields of the Alto do Rodrigues Production Asset, developed by PETROBRAS/E and P/UN-RNCE. This Asset is located in the northeastern region of Brazil, in Rio Grande do Norte State. It addresses to the steam generators for injection in oil wells and the upgrade project that installed remote terminal units and a new panel controlled by PLC, changed all the pneumatic transmitters by electronic and incorporated the steam quality and oxygen control, providing the remote supervision of the process. It also discusses the improvements obtained in the steam generation after the changes in the conception of the control and safety systems. (author)

Rural electrification in Santarem: contribution of micro hydroelectric power plants; Eletrificacao rural em Santarem: contribuicao das micro centrais hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Els, Rudi Henri Van; Diniz, Janaina Deane De Abreu Sa; Souza, Josiane do Socorro Aguiar de; Brasil Junior, Antonio Cesar Pinho; Sousa, Antonio Nazareno Almada de [Universidade de Barsilia (UnB), DF (Brazil). Lab. de Energia e Ambiente; Kroetz, Jaemir Grasiel [Indalma Industria e Comercio, Santarem, PA (Brazil)

2010-07-01

The municipality of Santarem in the lower Amazon river is the main center in the western region of the state of Para with a population of 274.285 inhabitants, with 31.633 of them living in the rural zone, where only 1.060 rural costumers have access to regular electricity service from the utility provider. This incipient coverage of electricity service in the rural zone urged the local population to look for alternatives. This was found in the use of the hydraulic potential of creeks and rivers with rapids and waterfalls to implement pico and micro hydroelectric plants. So since 2001, 44 pico and 12 micro hydropower plants were installed in the municipalities of Santarem, Belterra and Uruara in the state of Para by local entrepreneurs and communities to attend their basic electricity needs. These systems attend approximately 580 families with a total installed capacity of more than 700 kVA. The consolidation of this technological alternative induced the Regional Superintendent of the Institute for Colonization and Land Reform (INCRA) and the Municipality of Santarem to elaborate a project to attend the land reform settlements in the region. This led to the installation of 6 micro hydropower (MHP) with a total installed capacity of 820kVA and a 252 km distribution network to attend 1.630 families in the settlements of Moju and Corta Corda. The purpose of this paper is to present the MHP's installed in the region and to show the contribution of these units in the rural electrification of rural settlements in Santarem. The paper discusses also the management model of these units. The survey's methodology consisted in the systematization of project data from the plant builder, INCRA and the municipality. The information was obtained from the official bibliography from the local actors and complemented by field surveys with interviews and observation. Despite the fact that the MHP's are in operation, they are not yet registered in the data base of the electric sector. The proposed management model is that of collective administration where the operation of the system is done by the proper community. However, the operation and maintenance of the systems is still coordinated by the municipality, because the mechanisms to implement the collective management have not yet been created. Rural electrification through MHP's showed to be viable to attend rural communities in the municipality of Santarem. However, in order to succeed, the communities have to be organized in rural electricity utilities cooperatives to include these initiatives in the electric sector, attending the installations to the sector's standards and consolidating the management model. (author)

The impacts of the generation of biomass power plants in the Brazilian hydrothermal dispatch and its influence on the formation of prices of electric power in Brazil; Os impactos da geracao de usinas a biomassa no despacho hidrotermico brasileiro e sua influencia na formacao do preco da energia eletrica no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pereira, Luiz Eduardo S.; Ribeiro, Paulo [Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), MG (Brazil)], Emails: luizeduardo_jf@yahoo.com.br, pfribeiro@ieee.org; Tardin, Thiago V. [Engenho Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Consultoria Ltda., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], E-mail: thiago@engenho.com

2009-07-01

The positive and negative impacts of the electric energy generation from biomass of sugar in the Brazilian energy matrix are presented, as well as in the hydrothermal dispatch. Studies on the impacts of the generation sources using sugar cane bagasse in the operational planning and in the composition of the electric energy price are done. Computational implementations using optimized methods, as the stochastic dual dynamic programing, are done, to support the decision making and to compare the obtained results. It is, also presented the commercialization rules for energy in the Free Contracting Environment and in the Regulated Contracting Environment related to the alternative sources of energy, as well as the mechanisms of encouraged energy auction (reserve auction) and the rules for commercialization of energy applied to encouraged sources.

Schemes for protecting electric power systems; Esquemas de protecao de sistemas de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Almeida, Paulo Cesar de

2002-07-01

The objective of this dissertation is to accomplish an introduction to the studies and the applications of the System Protection Schemes (SPS) used to maintain the electric power systems safety. A small group of definitions and concepts from the 'protection, reliability and power systems performance analysis' areas is presented with the objective of distinguishing SPS from the conventional system component protections. It also helps in understanding the functions of the SPS with more clarity. The SPS are used to maintain the integrity of the system when it is submitted to phenomena that provoke instability or cascade circuit outages. The classification and the description of these phenomena, as well as the SPS application are shown in this dissertation. The general structure of the SPS, the ways of classifying them and the different actions used by SPS to control the disturbances are the objectives of the analysis of this work. In order to exemplify, a vision is given of how the SPS are located in the Brazilian interconnected system (BIS) and also in the rest of the world. Some SPS used in Brazil deserved special attention. The analyses of the main blackouts that occurred in Brazil and in North America are presented, in a summarized term, in appendix I. Considerable knowledge is obtained from these analyses, leading to implementation measures that minimize the risk of interruptions in the energy supply. A comparison is also made of the degree of severity of the great blackouts that happened in Brazil and, for the two largest, an estimate of their respective interruption costs is made. In appendix II, an attempt was also made to establish the basic requirements for the SPS implementation using micro processing technology. Based on the experience lived during the studies developed by the group that analyzed the safety of the Bis after the blackout on March 11/1999, criteria and procedures to analyze the safety of the system and to accomplish studies of SPS implantation were established. Finally, a brief study of the BIS is done, where the SPS performances are analyzed to verify the ability to control serious emergencies that can happen in the present moment. (author)

Organization and development of the Brazilian nuclear programme

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pinto, C.S.M.; Souza, J.A.M. de; Grinberg, M.; Alves, R.N.; Costa, H.M. da; Grimberg, M.

1977-01-01

The paper presents the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Programme, its development, the organizations and the distribution of responsibilities involved in its execution at the present time. The nuclear power policy is established at the Presidency of the Republic and is planned, executed and controlled through the Ministry of Mines and Energy. Directly subject to the Ministry is the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN), which has regulatory, standardization, licensing, planning and surveillance functions. The nuclear fundamental research and manpower formation are also under CNEN responsibility. Also subject to the Ministry are two companies responsible for the execution of the Programme: the Centrais Eletricas Brasileiras S.A. - Eletrobras, which advises on the granting of permits for the construction and operation of nuclear power plants, and the Empresas Nucleares Brasileiras S.A. - Nuclebras, which holds the monopoly of the nuclear fuel cycle in the country, designs and builds nuclear power plants and provides assistance to the electric utilities and promotes the participation of Brazilian industry. Besides describing the new distribution of regulatory functions given by law to CNEN, the paper gives special emphasis to the large industrial complex in the process of being established through the setting-up of the many Nuclebras subsidiaries in joint venture with German firms under the Industrial Co-operation Agreement Between Brazil and the Federal Republic of Germany in the Field of the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy. The programmes for these subsidiaries are presented and their participation in the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Programme is discussed. The technology transfer aspects of the industrial activities are also discussed. (author)

The generation of three-dimensional petroleum reservoirs scenarios; Geracao de cenarios tridimensionais de reservatorios petroliferos canalizados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alves, Andre Luiz F. [Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), PB (Brazil)]. E-mail: andre.alfa@gmail.com; Silva, Rosana M. da [Universidade Federal de Campo Grande (UFCG), PB (Brazil). Unidade Academica de Matematica e Estatistica]. E-mail: rosana@dme.ufcg.edu.br

2008-07-01

This paper presents a prototype of a modeler aimed to obtain 3-dimensional geologic scenarios which simulate canalized petroleum reservoirs from information about the geometry of the geologic units that compound them and the wells' profiles, using as a base the 'Namorado' Field (Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro). The connected volumes that form a reservoir have proper shapes, which can be hardly modeled by known surfaces with parametric description (or implicit). The geologic units implemented by the prototype are formed by turbidity canals, which are represented by poliedric surfaces through triangulated webs. The 3-dimensional models that represent the reservoir geometry were obtained using the method of superposition of geologic units, according to the natural depositional sequence, through intersection operations between the geologic units modeled as poliedric surfaces. Limit boxes are used to optimize the calculus of intersections in the triangulated webs, using the algorithm proposed by Lo and Wang (2004). The validation of the 3-dimensional model, that models the reservoir, is done through the calculus of interiority, obtained from the implicit equations that describe the transversal sections of the canal's surface, whose domains include the identified intervals as reservoir in the data of previously informed wells. (author)

Interações entre o planejamento e o projeto U. H. E's : o caso das pequenas centrais hidreletricas no Brasil

OpenAIRE

Carlos Barreira Martinez

1994-01-01

Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo a análise crítica das etapas de planejamento e projeto de centrais hidrelétricas, dando-se uma ênfase especial ao caso das PCH's no país, à luz dos procedimentos aceitos pelo Setor Elétrico Brasileiro. Foram desenvolvidos estudos visando a identificação das diversas tecnologias apropriadas para a implantação de PCH's. Revisou-se, a seguir, criticamente os passos preconizados pela ELETROBRÁS para o estudo e projeto de UHE's, em geral. Foram sugeridos, ent...

Evaluation for turbine implementation for a micro hydroelectric power plant; Avaliacao para implantacao de uma turbina para uma microcentral hidreletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alves, Gilberto Manoel; Halmeman, Maria Cristina Rodrigues; Oliveira, Franciene Gois [Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Programa de Pos-graduacao em Energia na Agricultura; Seraphim, Odivaldo Jose [Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Dep. de Engenharia Rural

2008-07-01

In this work it was analyzed the viability technical and economical of turbines to micro hydroelectric headquarters as an alternative to consumers not served by electric energy in isolated areas. It was used a experimental methods to create an estimative and a evaluation of the hydroelectric potential, through hydrological criteria in the area and, thus, be able to note if there is viability for its use. Some kinds of turbines made by the national industry were verified, analyzing the technical and economical characteristics and in function of the hydro energetic-conditions of the area. The results shoed that a micro-headquarters serves the necessities and expectations of the owner at the electric energy supply. It was noted that the expenses are smaller comparing to the other expenses know in the literature, from national factories. Even though the limiting factor is the distance from the production to the consumer, the potency of 18.4 kw was enough to satisfy the local necessities. The installation of de micro headquarters will bring enhances and facilities by the fact that it represents a big social importance for the area. (author)

The use of renewable alternative sources for the isolated electric generation: proposal of agroenergy system implantation based on the palm oil from the Amazonas state, Brazil; O uso de fontes alternativas renovaveis para a geracao eletrica isolada: proposta de implantacao de sistemas agroenergeticos com base na palma africana no Estado do Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Anamelia Medeiros [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Programa de Planejamento Energetico

2006-07-01

This paper presents an analysis of the introduction potential of agroenergetic systems in the state of Amazonas, BR, by giving priority to the plantation of the palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) in deforested areas od the state of Amazonas, BR, which presents the edaphoclimatic conditions necessary for the plantation of this palm tree. The palm oil can be used in natura in stationary engines and cas basic raw material for the production of biodiesel, both through transesterification and cracking as well.

Biodiesel and electrical energy to overall development; Biodiesel e energia eletrica para o desenvolvimento social

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andrade, Maisa Medeiros Pacheco de [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil)

2008-07-01

The energy is everything around you. Everything that is matter haves energy, organic or not. The energy can manifest itself in many forms. The most common forms are the kinetic, nuclear, thermal, hydro, solar, wind and electric energies. They can be subdivided in secondary and primary energies. The primary energies are those forms of energy that are directly in nature and not suffered any processing, such as wind energy. While the secondary are those that have suffered interference of man and is already present in the way will be used for him. However, in this work the electric energy will have a greater focus, due to its importance in daily life of civilization current. The electricity is seen, actually, as essential to social development, enabling the improvement of the living conditions of poor people. Through access to electric energy, such people could benefit from better conditions of health, education, work, leisure, information, security, finally, may considerably improve their condition of life. To promote universal access to energy, the federal government implemented some public policies, including the National Programme of Biodiesel, vital to the promotion of social development of the country. (author)

Pricing of contract options for electric power; Precificacao de contrato de opcoes de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takahashi, Leticia; Gunn, Laura Keiko; Correia, Paulo B. [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEM/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica. Dept. de Energia

2008-07-01

The reorganization of the electric sector has improved the opportunity of energy trade through contracts, which have to be considered on the risk evaluation for generating companies. Different types of contracts have been used in electric energy commercialization. This work develops a model for option contract pricing. The classic model of options pricing used in the financial market is based in Black- Scholes. Due to the inherent feature of the Brazilian electrical system, with a strong predominance of hydroelectricity, the seasonal swing of the electricity price is the main source of contractual risk. So, the Black-Scholes model very is not adjusted. To deal with the uncertainties, this work uses an approach based on analysis of scenarios and binomial trees. Case studies are analyzed with binomial tree to calculate the price of the option contract. (author)

Electric power transport costs - methodologies analysis; Custos de transporte de energia eletrica: analise de metodologias

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takahata, Dario

1997-07-01

The dissertation presents the aspects related to the restructuring of power systems in terms of international experiences, and the possible implications for the definition of the new power system in Brazil. The experience shows that the reform in various countries has started from the sector deverticalization, together with the transmissions open access scheme. The retrospect of researched countries indicates that the transmissions remuneration is based on a methodology that recovers the operative cost of transmission transactions, along with an additional amount that take into account the cost of the existing transmission system. The following countries have been analyzed: Chile, Norway, England and Argentina. This work also shows the current situation in Brazil, as in terms of tariffs, as regarding the power system organizational structure, as well as a preliminary proposal conceived by SINTREL (National System of Electrical Energy Transmission) to evaluate the transmission transaction cost. This dissertation ended with comments and conclusions, depicting a future program which might be followed, considering the aspects quoted above and the peculiarities of brazilian power system. (author)

Imbalance of tensions in agro-industrial electrical installations; Desequilibrio de tensoes em instalacoes eletricas agroindustriais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodrigues, Ricardo Martini; Serni, Paulo Jose Amaral; Rodrigues, Jose Francisco; Porto, Luiz Gonzaga Campos [Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Bauru SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia. Dept. de Engenharia Eletrica], Emails: martini@feb.unesp.br, martini@feb.unesp.br, paulojas@feb.unesp.br, jfranc@feb.unesp.br, porto@feb.unesp.br

2006-07-01

This paper analyzes three-phase industrial agricultural loads operation, under conditions of feeding with unbalanced voltages. Simulations are made in the circuits operating with balanced and unbalanced voltages and the effects in an three-phase induction motor and in an three-phase rectifier are analyzed. The oscillation in steady-state torque in the three-phase induction motor and the generation of triple n harmonics components in the three-phase six pulses rectifier are distinguished as important effects of the operation of these loads with three-phase unbalanced voltages. (author)

Local integrated resource planning (LIRP); Planejamento integrado em ambiente de planejamento local (LIRP) - geracao, transmissao e distribuicao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fontoura Filho, R N; Schilling, M T [ELETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Pereira, J L.R. [Juiz de Fora Univ., MG (Brazil); Aires, J C.O. [Light Servicos de Eletricidade S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

1994-12-31

This work makes a description of the current process for planning of power systems. It also presents a proposal that permit the definition of systems with homogeneity of risks, ideal to the local integrated resources planning (LIRP) , mainly, in a competition environment between electric utilities. (author) 7 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.

Takeover bid held by Natural Gas SDG on all of the shares of Iberdrola: a critical analysis and similarities to the Brazilian case; Oferta publica de aquisicao realizada pela Gas Natural SDG sobre a totalidade de acoes da Iberdrola: uma analise critica e similaridades com o caso brasileiro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Julia Rotstein Smith da; Mathias, Melissa Cristina Pinto Pires; Cecchi, Jose Cesario [Agencia Nacional de Petroleo (ANP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)]. E-mails: jrotstein@anp.gov.br; mmathias@anp.gov.br; cecchi@anp.gov.br

2004-07-01

Competition defense is especially relevant to the industry of natural gas, because, in it, potentially competitive activities coexist with monopolistic activities. Thus, the regulatory agencies have an important role in regulating this sector, working on continuous improvement of the rules that govern and attempt for the actions of the agents that work on monopolistic segments or dominant in the competitive segments. Furthermore, it is mister monitoring the processes of alliances, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions between business groups active in the gas industry and/or related sectors. In this context, the article describes the operation relating to Takeover bid held on 10 March 2003, for the company Gas Natural SDG SA for the whole of shares of Iberdrola S.A. It is examined the procedures performed by the Spanish regulatory agency, Comision Nacional de Energia (CNE), in decision making on this attempt to form a new business group, active both in the energy sector as in the gas sector. Simultaneously, covers up the Brazilian experience, which highlighted the activities of the National Petroleum Agency (ANP) in promoting competition, reducing the perceived risks for investors in infrastructure and prevention of anti competitive practices. It is also the need to undertaking of joint efforts between the ANP and the Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica (ANEEL), so that these two regulators consistently assess movements of merger and acquisition activities in the concerned gas and electric sectors in the country. Finally, it is proposed the ratification of an agreement on technical cooperation between the agencies in order to avoid unclear and/or possible problems of overlapping of responsibilities among the various regulatory spheres of national energy industry.

Development of a database for use in electric power utilities in the electric power distribution area; Desenvolvimento de um banco de dados para uso em concessionarias de energia eletrica na area de distribuicao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sobral, Marcos Alexandre Barreiros

1996-07-01

The electric energy distribution system dimension together with the involved diverging elements. requires a constant updated information system. The dynamics and the reliability of the information implies in the use of modern technology, as well as data updating and control. There is a constant need of improving the utilities information system and its lack may put into risk not only the quality of the services but also consumer satisfaction. Utilities technical systems should therefore follow this need allowing for a quick response needed in order to keep the system under control and consequently to maintain the quality of the services. This work proposes a basic information technology model for technical areas and for an electric utility that can be applied to manage any data bank at any platform. To have it demonstrated, a Visual Basic application was developed applying X base data structure, which shows the use of alpha numerical data with G S (Geographic Information System). (author)

Energy conservation and self-sufficiency in rural property; Geracao e auto-suficiencia de energias em imovel rural familiar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schuch, Sergio Luis [Instituto Paranaense de Assistencia Tecnica e Extensao Rural (EMATER), Toledo, PR (Brazil)], e-mail: slschuch@hotmail.com; Lawder, Jose Henrique [Evolucao Engenharia Eletrica, Toledo, PR (Brazil)], e-mail: jose_lawder@uol.com.br; Feiden, Armin; Nogueira, Carlos Eduardo Camargo; Siqueira, Jair Antonio Cruz [Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR (Brazil)], e-mails: armin_feiden@yahoo.com.br, cecn1@yahoo.com.br, jairsiqueira@unioeste.br

2011-07-01

This paper aims to highlight an innovative system designed to generate bioenergy in Toledo - PR, applied in a rural residential property. This system is composed by a simple digester model, because it eliminates masonry and hood storage. Cattle slurry and water from barn's floor cleaning are conducted to an anaerobic biodigester chamber. Biogas production is stored in a polypropylene canvas balloon. After compression, the biogas is used to replace liquefied petroleum gas in central water heating and cooking foods. The wood used in sugar cane molasses has been replaced with higher efficiency by biogas. Also was installed Otto engine providing thermal and electrical power generation at the same time. The electrical power output is biphasic and about 70 Amperes. This system deployed in rural property provides energy self-sufficiency and contribute to the reduction of operational costs of the property. (author)

Energy generation externalities with conventional and renewable sources; Externalidades da geracao de energia com fontes convencionais e renovaveis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shayani, Rafael Amaral; Oliveira, Marco Aurelio Goncalves de [Universidade de Brasilia (UnB), DF (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Eletrica. Lab. de Fontes Alternativas de Energia

2008-07-01

The energy generation externalities have both positive and negative sides. The conventional sources, including fossil and nuclear fuel, have environment, political, economical and social negative externalities. The environment one affects the world climate, the political one includes the wars caused by oil control, the governmental financial support is economical aspects, and black outs, that affect all citizen's job, are a social example. The photovoltaic solar energy has a negative externality when the lead-acid battery is used into stand-alone systems. This batteries need special attention because has harmful components that can pollute the water. The use of other way to storage the energy is a solution to this, like non pollute batteries, electrostatic accumulation, flywheels, compressed air, hydrogen fuel cell or thermo accumulation. The PV system can be grid-connected too; this solutions have positive externalities, because the solar collector can replace the electric shower, reducing the transmission system demand during the peak time, and saving some energy from the conventional power plant during drought season. A house's roof can support more than twice of PV system needed to supply the energy of the house, so the potential to use the solar energy without needing new places is huge. The consciousness that the Earth is but one country, and mankind its citizens, should be adopted for all mankind, because the environment pollution of a specific place affects everyone, and the negative externalities must be calculated. The PV prices is getting cheaper each year, forecasting 45% of price reduction into the next 10 years. The governmental support to use solar hot water at residences, research and nationalization of the PV production are necessary to amplify the positive externalities of the solar energy. (author)

Energy generation externalities with conventional and renewable sources; Externalidades da geracao de energia com fontes convencionais e renovaveis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shayani, Rafael Amaral; Oliveira, Marco Aurelio Goncalves de [Universidade de Brasilia (UnB), DF (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Eletrica. Lab. de Fontes Alternativas de Energia

2008-07-01

The energy generation externalities have both positive and negative sides. The conventional sources, including fossil and nuclear fuel, have environment, political, economical and social negative externalities. The environment one affects the world climate, the political one includes the wars caused by oil control, the governmental financial support is economical aspects, and black outs, that affect all citizen's job, are a social example. The photovoltaic solar energy has a negative externality when the lead-acid battery is used into stand-alone systems. This batteries need special attention because has harmful components that can pollute the water. The use of other way to storage the energy is a solution to this, like non pollute batteries, electrostatic accumulation, flywheels, compressed air, hydrogen fuel cell or thermo accumulation. The PV system can be grid-connected too; this solutions have positive externalities, because the solar collector can replace the electric shower, reducing the transmission system demand during the peak time, and saving some energy from the conventional power plant during drought season. A house's roof can support more than twice of PV system needed to supply the energy of the house, so the potential to use the solar energy without needing new places is huge. The consciousness that the Earth is but one country, and mankind its citizens, should be adopted for all mankind, because the environment pollution of a specific place affects everyone, and the negative externalities must be calculated. The PV prices is getting cheaper each year, forecasting 45% of price reduction into the next 10 years. The governmental support to use solar hot water at residences, research and nationalization of the PV production are necessary to amplify the positive externalities of the solar energy. (author)

Energy conservation and self-sufficiency in rural property; Geracao e auto-suficiencia de energias em imovel rural familiar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schuch, Sergio Luis [Instituto Paranaense de Assistencia Tecnica e Extensao Rural (EMATER), Toledo, PR (Brazil)], e-mail: slschuch@hotmail.com; Lawder, Jose Henrique [Evolucao Engenharia Eletrica, Toledo, PR (Brazil)], e-mail: jose_lawder@uol.com.br; Feiden, Armin; Nogueira, Carlos Eduardo Camargo; Siqueira, Jair Antonio Cruz [Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR (Brazil)], e-mails: armin_feiden@yahoo.com.br, cecn1@yahoo.com.br, jairsiqueira@unioeste.br

2011-07-01

This paper aims to highlight an innovative system designed to generate bioenergy in Toledo - PR, applied in a rural residential property. This system is composed by a simple digester model, because it eliminates masonry and hood storage. Cattle slurry and water from barn's floor cleaning are conducted to an anaerobic biodigester chamber. Biogas production is stored in a polypropylene canvas balloon. After compression, the biogas is used to replace liquefied petroleum gas in central water heating and cooking foods. The wood used in sugar cane molasses has been replaced with higher efficiency by biogas. Also was installed Otto engine providing thermal and electrical power generation at the same time. The electrical power output is biphasic and about 70 Amperes. This system deployed in rural property provides energy self-sufficiency and contribute to the reduction of operational costs of the property. (author)

Consumers free of electric power. A practical vision; Consumidores livres de energia eletrica. Uma visao pratica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Florezi, Guilherme

2009-07-01

In the new environment of the Brazilian electric power sector, since the changes in the institutional model beginning in 1993, electrical sector agents entered into a highly competitive market, particularly in the case of the consumers which have had the possibility to choose their supplier of electricity in accordance with rules and restrictions that have been modified over the years. The consumer that fits this profile, was named free consumer whom in accordance with the rules and restrictions dictated by the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL), will have the option of electrical energy delivery through other companies, instead of the company that holds granting of the area where the consumer in question is physically located. The other costumers, that could not be qualified as free, remain captive, unable to choose for their supply from outside the area where the original grant is located. The studies presented here are an important starting point for research on free energy consumers and their behavior in order to provide subsidies to the readers to get a better understanding of the history of the Brazilian energy sector and the free market, with emphasis on free consumers, to thereby enable their potential bases for a possible study of migration to the free market . (author)

Photovoltaic system connected to electric grid in Brazil; Sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados a rede eletrica no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Varella, Fabiana Karla de Oliveira Martins [Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido (UFERSA), Mossoro, RN (Brazil)], email: fkv@ufersa.edu.br; Gomes, Rodolfo Dourado Maia; Jannuzzi, Gilberto De Martino [International Energy Initiative (IEI), Campinas, SP (Brazil)], email: rodolfo@iei-la.org

2010-07-01

Brazil has in the next decades the big challenge of seeking for solutions to meet its growing energy service needs and, at the same time, satisfy criteria of economics, security of supply, public health, secure universal energy access and environmental sustainability. The growing environmental pressures over the hydropower potential exploitation at the Amazon region and the energy sources even more distant from the customer load center are some of the aspects which are posed in order to seek for solutions. Several countries are betting on grid-connected PV systems. In Brazil, the initiatives to promote the use of PV energy are still a few. Even though the country is endowed with a great solar energy potential, the initiatives to create and consolidate a market for the use of such technology and to develop the national industry for equipment and services are still incipient. The lack of legislation and regulation is one of the barriers pointed out. Thus, the objective of this report is to assess the reasons why the country does not have a specific legislation to promote the use of grid-connected PV systems. For such, grid-connected PV systems installed in Brazil and the existent incentives are identified. The methodology used was based on literature review and conduction of specific questionnaires. The latter was sent to the Ministry of Mines and Energy, researchers and one power distribution company. (author)

Hybrid solar-hydraulic electric power supply systems; Sistemas de fornecimento de energia eletrica hibrido solar hidraulico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, Doriana Marinho Novaes; Silva, Selenio Rocha; Alvim Filho, Aymore de Castro [Minas Gerais Univ., Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Engenharia Eletrica]. E-mails: doriana@cpdee.ufmg.br; selenios@eee.ufmg.br; aymore@cpdee.ufmg.br; Martinez, Carlos Barreira [Minas Gerais Univ., Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Hidraulica e Recursos Hidricos]. E-mail: martinez@cce.ufmg.br

2000-07-01

This work presents a comparative study among the direct solar energy utilization options ,through solar panels, coupled to the frequency inverter. These system store energy through batteries or through a reversible and hybrid solar/hydraulic system, coupled to a rectifier and a frequency inverter. There are two basic configurations for the systems being the first one composed of solar panels linked to a battery system , delivering electric energy through a three phase inverter. The second one is composed of solar panels connected to a small battery system and to a water reservoir that has the goal of operating as a reversible system during at night, or during load peak periods. In this ,it is presented a methodology for the designing and economic analysis, comparing this hybrid alternative, to the inverter plus batteries options. This methodology to the correct Energy Conversion System,which is economically advantageous due to the availability of the region. At the end, it is presented a 'case study' where viability of use , for the hybrid solar/hydraulic system in an isolated area, is verified. (author)

Electric automation history and state of the art; Historia da automacao eletrica e estado da arte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mendes, M.F. [Itaipu Binacional, Foz do Iguacu, PR (Brazil). Div. de Engenharia Eletronica e Sistemas de Controle], E-mail: mendes@ieee.org; Jardini, J.A. [Universidade de Sao Paulo (PEA/EP/USP), SP (Brazil). Escola Politecnica. Dept. de Engenharia de Energia e Automacao Eletricas], E-mail: jardini@pea.usp.br

2009-07-01

The article summarizes the history of electric systems automation, used in hydroelectric power plants, since the rise to the present day. Technologies are presented employed at various times, developments, the difference and the reasons for evolution. The emphasis is on today's modern systems technology, covering: communication, standardization, hardware, software, architecture, maintenance, operation and challenges. This work pretend to give subsidies for the design and implementation of automation systems electricity using state of the art. The scope are the new plants as well as those being modernized. Knowledge of history is important to investigate, to plan and evaluate the costs and benefits of automation systems for new electric plants and those that are undergoing processes technological upgrading.

The renewable energy sources market: proposal for its development and implications in the Wholesale Market Administrator; O mercado de energia eletrica de fontes incentivadas: proposta para sua expansao e implicacoes na camara de comercializacao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Januario, Alexandra Cristina Vidal

2007-07-01

This work approaches the insertion of the renewable energy sources - SHP, biomass, wind and solar - in the Brazilian power trading environment, more specifically in wholesale market administrator. Although the legislation created the special consumer in 1998, the lack of definition in the renewable energy trading process hindered this market development during years. However, to consider a solution for this implementation, it is important to know the current rules that conduct the power trading, therefore, identifying the possibilities of adjustment. Since this is a current subject, some proposals had been presented by sector agents through the Public Hearing 33/05. In this work, these proposals are also analyzed, so the presented solution considers the advantages and disadvantages of what was discussed by the market agents. Finally, the simulation of the proposed solution indicates its implementation viability and allows a critical analysis of the renewable energy sources market and the trading rules of the wholesale market administrator. (author)

Project final report: Energetic planning focusing small scale hydroelectric power plants; Relatorio final. Projeto planejamento energetico com enfase em pequenas centrais hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Costa, Yara dos Santos

1994-12-31

Considering the increasing need for a better utilization of the Brazilian hydric resources, a deeper analysis of small scale hydroelectric power plants has been demanding. This work presents a case study of energetic planning based upon small scale hydroelectric power plants in a district of Amazon state - North Brazil 8 refs., 11 figs., 19 tabs.

System of performance indicators for management of a hydroelectric power plant; Rede de indicadores de desempenho para gestao de uma usina hidreletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bandeira, Anselmo Alves

1997-07-01

This thesis addresses the development of a management system for manufacturing, based upon a performance measurement system, applied to a case study of the strategy of an electric energy-producing company. By defining performance parameters, determining the critical success factors and applying a gaps analysis, it is possible to identify the areas where the company ought to channel its efforts to improve its productive performance. The thesis selects indicators associated with the following parameters of efficacy, efficiency, productivity, quality, innovation and profitability, in order to evaluate the performance of its different levels of operation. A practical application of a performance measurement system, which was undertaken during the period of observation, is presented at the end of this thesis. It is believed that the theoretical content of this thesis can be easily adapted to the situation of other companies. (author)

Aspects related to the interaction of Angra I with the Furnas system; Aspectos relativos a interacao de Angra I com o sistema Furnas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Lourenca Francisca da

1982-10-15

This work studies the following aspects related to the interaction of the Angra I power plant with the Furnas electric network: reliability of alternative sources, 500 kV and 138 kV systems and emergency diesel generators; operation capacity of Angra I and performance of Angra I and the future power plants Angra II and III. In the first part, after the Furnas network and the main systems of the Angra I power plant (specially the electrical system) have been analysed, the reliability for each source was computed separately and then the results lumped together. The reliability computation for the 500 kV system was done employing the computer code CST-ELETROSUL (reliability or transmission system) and for the remaining computations the fault tree theory was used, resulting in a number that represents the approximate value of the alternative sources, referring to the assumed considerations. In the second part, some limitations in the operation capacity of Angra I were verified, suggesting that the power plant should operate in base-load for safety reasons. In order to determine the factors that define the performance of a Nuclear Power Plant, FDIS, FCON, FINP and FIP, the works already accomplished by Centrais Eletricas Brasileiras S/A - ELETROBRAS were taken as a basis and were implemented with more recent data about operation of the nuclear power plant PWR. The computer code SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was utilized for obtaining the factors concerning to power plant with the capacity of Angra I, II and III. From the obtained valves and with the static generation capacity theory, were composed the load permanency curves from the unity 1 and for the three unities lumped together in the CNAA site. (author)

Organization and development of the Brazilian nuclear program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pinto, C. Syllus M.; Alves, R. Nazare; Lepecki, W.; Costa, H.M. da; Grinberg, M.; Grimberg, M.

1977-01-01

The paper presents the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Program: its development until the present stage, as well as the organizations and the distribution of responsibilities involved in its execution at the present time. The nuclear power policy is established at the Presidency of the Republic and is planned, executed and controlled through the Ministry of Mines and Energy. Directly subject to the Ministry is the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN), which has regulatory, standardization, licensing, planning and surveillance functions. The nuclear fundamental research and manpower formation are also under CNEN responsibility. Also subject to the Ministry are two companies responsible for the execution of the Programme: the Centrais Eletricas Brasileiras S.A. - ELETROBRAS, which advises on the granting of permits for the construction and operation of nuclear power plants, and the Empresas Nucleares Brasileiras S.A. - NUCLEBRAS, which holds the monopoly of the nuclear fuel cycle in the country, designs and builds nuclear power plants and provides assistance to the electric utilities as well as promotes the participation of the Brazilian industry in the nuclear field. Besides describing the new distribution of regulatory functions given by law to the CNEN, this paper gives special emphasis to the large industrial complex which is in the process of being established with the setting-up of the many NUCLEBRAS subsidiaries in joint-venture with German firms in the nuclear field, as a consequence of the Industrial Cooperation between Brazil and the Federal Republic of Germany in the Field of the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy signed between the two countries on June 27, 1975. The programs for these subsidiaries are presented and their participation in the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Programme is discussed. The technology transfer aspects of the industrial activities are also discussed, based on the Government's policy on the subject [es

Aspects related to the interaction of Angra I with the Furnas system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva, Lourenca Francisca da

1982-10-01

This work studies the following aspects related to the interaction of the Angra I power plant with the Furnas electric network: reliability of alternative sources, 500 kV and 138 kV systems and emergency diesel generators; operation capacity of Angra I and performance of Angra I and the future power plants Angra II and III. In the first part, after the Furnas network and the main systems of the Angra I power plant (specially the electrical system) have been analysed, the reliability for each source was computed separately and then the results lumped together. The reliability computation for the 500 kV system was done employing the computer code CST-ELETROSUL (reliability or transmission system) and for the remaining computations the fault tree theory was used, resulting in a number that represents the approximate value of the alternative sources, referring to the assumed considerations. In the second part, some limitations in the operation capacity of Angra I were verified, suggesting that the power plant should operate in base-load for safety reasons. In order to determine the factors that define the performance of a Nuclear Power Plant, FDIS, FCON, FINP and FIP, the works already accomplished by Centrais Eletricas Brasileiras S/A - ELETROBRAS were taken as a basis and were implemented with more recent data about operation of the nuclear power plant PWR. The computer code SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was utilized for obtaining the factors concerning to power plant with the capacity of Angra I, II and III. From the obtained valves and with the static generation capacity theory, were composed the load permanency curves from the unity 1 and for the three unities lumped together in the CNAA site. (author)

The babassu oil as an alternative source for renewable generation of electric power in isolated systems: a case study of the extractive reserve RESEX do Rio Ouro Preto - RO, Brazil; A babacu como fonte alternativa renovavel para a geracao de energia eletrica em sistemas isolados: um estudo de caso da RESEX do Rio Ouro Preto - RO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aguiar, Sandra da Cruz Garcia do Espirito Santo [Universidade Federal de Rondonia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO (Brazil). Dept. de Administracao; Militao, Julio Sancho Linhares Teixeira [Universidade Federal de Rondonia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica

2008-07-01

This text presents babacu as energy font (heat, fuel, power) for isolated regions and not taken care of by the linked system, and promote the economics social advantages for the region where if it installs. It presents the result of the quantitative survey of the area of forest of babassu palms is necessary for each family of form to keep functioning annually the mini central of supply of electric energy that will take care of the inhabitants of some communities of the Extractive Reserve Rio Ouro Preto, in the Rondonia State. It presents, still, the initial demand of the load to be supplied by the mini central, as well as the vegetal oil necessity for the attendance of this demand. (author)

Comparative analysis between two systems to generate electric energy for isolated community in the interior of the Amazon state: fuel cells with natural gas reformer versus diesel generation; Analise comparativa entre dois sistemas de geracao de energia eletrica para a comunidade isolada no interior do estado do Amazonas: celula a combustivel com reformador para gas natural versus gerador diesel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Araujo, Paula Duarte; Bergamini, Cristiane Peres; Camargo, Joao Carlos; Lopes, Daniel Gabriel [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica; Esteves, Gheisa Roberta Telles [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil). Nucleo de Pesquisas e Estudos Ambientais; Silva, Ennio Peres da Silva [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica Gleb Wataghin

2004-07-01

Although great part of the domestic territory is already supplied with electric energy, still there are many regions where the system is precarious or nonexistent, generically called isolated communities. In the majority of the cases these communities are supplied with Diesel oil generators and the substitution of this fuel for available alternative energy in the localities has been object of study of some institutions of research spread throughout the country. Currently, the use of fuel cells has been strongly argued in the generation of electric energy associated with the local energy necessity, from the use of a regional fuel and this is due to the high efficiency of allied energy conversion to the low ambient impacts that this equipment offers. Most of the different types of fuel cells use hydrogen as a fuel to produce electricity, and it is extracted from renewable or non-renewable sources of energy. Then, the article has the objective of comparing in first analysis the energy efficiency and the cost between the two systems: the ones used currently in the great majority of the isolated communities, constituted of a Diesel engine-generator system, with Natural Gas Reformer System/ Purifier of Hydrogen/ Fuel Cell/ and to analyze if such project presents characteristics that qualifies it to get the carbon credits proposed in the Mechanism of Clean Development. (author)

Outlook of natural gas thermal generation; A geracao termeletrica a gas natural e o PPT (Programa Prioritario de Termoeletricidade)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Felix, Makyo A.; Correia Junior, Clovis [Bahiagas - Companhia de Gas da Bahia, Salvador, BA (Brazil); Garcia, Celestino B. [Agencia Nacional do Petroleo, Gas Natural e Biocombustiveis (ANP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2004-07-01

The national integrated system has always had hydroelectricity as its main source of energy supply. However, a long period of lack of investment in sector put the country in a complacent position in which there was an overabundance of energy supply. The subsequent power shortage of 2001, led to a long term strategy of assuring supply with perspective of attending demand quickly and guaranteeing the security of the system by exploiting a source of energy rarely used in the country: thermal energy using natural gas. For this reason, the federal government launched the PPT Program (Priority Program of Thermoelectricity) with the aim of stimulating investment in thermo electrical plants, utilizing natural gas which is cheaper and less polluting. However, investment by the private sector did not fulfill expectations even with regular production, financial incentives of the government and favourable points through thermal generation using natural gas. Therefore, PETROBRAS decided to assume the risk and form partnerships to assure investments in thermo electrical plants. In the strategy of implanting thermal plants, who would be responsible to carry out this process along with guarantees of supply, was not properly defined. The establishment of thermal plants without a regulatory framework and undefined investment plan, compromises the essence of its creation. It is from this angle, that evaluates the recent collapse of energy of the Northeast region and the effective implantation of thermoelectricity utilizing natural gas. (author)

Mixtures of fuels and its application in power generation; Misturas de combustiveis e sua aplicacao na geracao de energia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pereira, Roberto Guimaraes; Oliveira, Jorge Luis de; Fernandes Filho, Jorge [Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica. Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Mecanica]. E-mail: temrobe@vm.uff.br; Romeiro, Gilberto Alves [Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica Organica. Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica Organica]. E-mail: gilbertoromeiro@ig.com.br; Rangel, Ithamar Ribeiro [Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)]. E-mail: ita@epq.ime.eb.br

2004-07-01

The world energy matrix shows a rapidly moving to replace part of fossil fuels by biomass. The demand for diesel fuel, more than any other derivative, is determined a very evasion of foreign exchange through import of crude oil and diesel fuel itself. Within this panorama the diesel fuel becomes critical, because any impediment to imports would bring a immediate reflecting in the country transport system, since this system is based primarily in road transport. Besides, the world's oil reserves are becoming increasingly scarce, them it is imperative that research can be carried out to find alternatives that may minimize or even reach a level of full independence, not just of oil diesel, but also of all oil derivatives. However, if the few changes in traditional spark ignition engines (the gasoline engine) enabled the use of ethanol, first as a mixture and then as full replacement of gasoline, it does not occur in the case of diesel oil. Among the various alternatives for partial replacement of diesel oil, the use of mixtures anhydrous ethanol-diesel stands out as the most simple application, since there is great availability of ethanol and is not needed any change in the original engine. The main problem with this type of alternative is the low solubility of ethanol in diesel fuel, and the little stability that these mixtures have with the change of temperature and humidity environment. One solution to increase the solubility and improve the stability is to use a third substance that, acting as co-solvent, allows levels of mixtures with the best level of stability and higher rates of replacements. Among the various alternatives for use of co-solvents, was chosen initially the butane. Various physical and chemical parameters were evaluated for diesel and for mixtures of fuels.

Distributed generation and their remuneration in the reduction of losses; Geracao distribuida e sua remuneracao na reducao de perdas

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Chaves, Francisco David Moya; Jannuzzi, Gilberto de Martino [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica; Silva, Luiz Carlos Pereira da [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computacao

2008-07-01

The problematic associated to the Distribution Generation (DG) impact has several implications (economic, technical and environmental). The DG can to influence positive (reduction) or negatively (increase) about the level of losses. The impacts caused by the use of DG influence directly on the economic incentives that can get the DG. This paper presents some of the benefits and technical limitations in the use of DG in the provision of active and reactive power for each of the levels of transmission, sub transmission and distribution. An economic review where there is a decrease in the total cost of production of electric energy by the use of DG is shown. This reducing costs, can be used as an additional remuneration for the DG or used also in new investment in the expansion of DG without overlooking that within these technologies, deals are the Renewable Energy Sources. (author)

South America electric power integration: an utopia or a reality?; Integracao eletrica sul-americana: utopia ou realidade?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Velez, Jaime

2007-07-01

The aim of this chapter is the discussing on the economic and institutional conditions necessary to the South America electric power integration in the context of the changes in the electric industry initiated on the 1980's years.

Decenal plan of electric energy expansion - 2006-2015; Plano decenal de expansao de energia eletrica - 2006-2015

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2006-07-01

This report is divided into seven chapters and presents: 1) Introduction - a brief description of the institutional context of the study and the decenal planning role in this context; 2) electric power market - the evolution of market and economy conjuncture of electric power and the basic premises for the market projections, including the considered macroeconomic scenery description; 3) electric power generation - considered premises, methodology and criteria for the formulation and adjustment of generation expansion alternatives of electric power; 4) electric power transmission - main aspects which guided the evolution of the interlinked system reference configuration in the decenal period and a description of the main result of transmission system expansion analysis, consolidated by SIN geoelectric region and by each state of these regions; 5) socioenvironmental analysis - adopted methodology and the results of the socioenvironmental analysis for the foreseen business in the decenal horizon; 6) expansion indicators of the electric system - synthesizes the main indicators referring to the decenal period as far the market evolution, generation expansion and transmission is concerned; 7)bibliographic references.

Segmentation of electric energy customers by specific niches; Segmentacao de clientes de energia eletrica por nichos especiais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Ana Lucia Rodrigues da; Jannuzzi, Gilberto de Martino [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil)], E-mail: jannuzzi@fen.unicamp.br

2009-04-15

The article presents the classic segmentation used in electric energy industry for large customers. The paper argues the limitations of this classification, as well as, the potentialities to classify customers for specific niches, the example of that already occurs in other competitive sectors of the economy. Twelve potential forms for classifying large customers in electricity industry are presented: geographic localization; value of the invoice; sector of productive activity; types of share holding composition and enterprise management; forms and characteristics of the use of the electric energy in the final units; degree of technological sophistication; client relation cost benefit; common factors in energy process of purchase; brand associated with the customer; extraordinary factors, such as, urgency, application and volume of energy; personal characteristics of the purchaser in charge of the operation; former-customers who moved from the captive market to the free market and vice versa. The article concludes proposing a new methodology to identify the specific niches of customers in the electric sector, as well as the inductive and restrictive factors of this methodology. (author)

Power generation with technology innovation of residual biomass utilization; Geracao de energia com inovacao tecnologica de aproveitamento de biomassa residual

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moura, Johnson Pontes de; Selvam, P.V. Pannir [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil)

2006-07-01

In the present work, the introduction of alternative energy of biogas in agricultural communities for the sustainable development was studied through exploitation of residual biomass and also getting as by-product the biological fertilizer. A fast composting of the domestic residue with the organic was made possible where part of this residue after processing was taken together with effluent to the biodigester. The bibliographical research on the processes of generation of biogas, about composting and the equipment for processing had been carried through. The projects engineering with the use of computational tools had been developed with the software Super Pro 4,9 Design and ORC GPEC 2004 by our research group. Five case studies had been elaborated, where different scenes related with our innovation, that uses of the residue for the composting together with domestic effluent for digestion. Several economic parameters were obtained and our work proved the viability about the use of biogas for drying of the fruits banana. A economic feasibility study was carried where it was proven that the project with the innovation of the use of residues from the fruits possess more advantages than the conventional system of drying using electric energy. Considering the viability of this process and the use solar energy, it is intended to apply this technology in rural agricultural communities providing them an energy source of low cost in substitution of the conventional energy. (author)

The generation and propagation of nonlinear waves in a reservoir; Geracao e propagacao de ondas nao-lineares em um reservatorio

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Moreira, Roger Matsumoto; Mendes, Andre Avelino de Oliveira; Bacchi, Raphael David Aquilino [Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ (Brazil). Escola de Engenharia. Lab. de Dinamica dos Fluidos Computacional (LabCFD)], e-mail: roger@vm.uff.br, e-mail: andreavelinoom@gmail.com, e-mail: raphael@esss.com.br

2006-07-01

The present work aims to model numerically the generation and propagation of waves in a reservoir, represented by a two-dimensional impermeable box, with a flat horizontal bottom and two vertical walls. The horizontal or vertical harmonic motion is imposed at the container, which is partially filled with water, with two possible initial conditions for the free surface: still water or a stationary sinusoidal wave. Two numerical methods are employed in the solution of the boundary value problem. The first is based on solving an integral equation that arises from Cauchy's integral theorem for functions of a complex variable. The transient nonlinear free surface flow is simulated using a boundary integral method. Numerical results are validated by comparing them with classical analytical solutions. The second method uses the commercial code ANSYS CFX with its homogeneous free surface model. In this case, results are compared with experiments done by Bredmose et al. (2003). In both models, interesting features at the free surface are obtained and discussed. (author)

Distributed generation - SHPP - Small hydroelectric power plants: technical and environmental issues; Geracao distribuida - PCH'S: aspectos tecnicos e ambientais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andrade, Moacyr Trindade de Oliveira [Comissao de Servicos Publicos de Energia do Estado de Sao Paulo (CSPE), SP (Brazil)]. E-mail: mtandrade@sp.gov.br

2004-07-01

The Brazilian electrical system is presenting significant changes in its organizational structure in order to adapt to the new government's policies, market characteristics and the need for expansion of generation systems (supply), transmission and distribution (transport), and commercialization (demand) of energy. The previous structure propitiated the absolute control of the Union in the introduction of new plants, searching for a prioritization to their unit cost of energy, used as an 'Index of Merit' and expressed by U.S. $ / MWh, with planning costs increasing extent. This alternative did not address the environmental issues, referring only those technical aspects and costs of implementation. The socio-environmental issues were relegated to second plan. The significant interest of manufacturers prioritized the {sup b}ig construction{sup ,} as the simultaneous achievement of several big constructions enabling the consolidation of a constant flow of resources and sedimentary longevity of the situation. This paper aims to discuss and present the benefits of distributed generation electric power, with features to complement the offer, but with benefits for micro-regions in which they are deployed, based on technical, economic and socio environmental issues. (author)

Design of radiofrequency coils for NMR imaging; Desenvolvimento de bobinas de radiofrequencia para geracao de imagens por ressonancia magnetica nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmidt, Maria Angelica

1988-07-01

In this work we describe and analyse different types of radiofrequency coils for NMR Imaging. Our system operates with a superconducting magnet, 22.5 cm bore, at 2.0 Tesla (85 MHz, resonant frequency for protons). Distinct structures, frequently described in the specialized literature, are discussed here. Usually the RF coils proposed are resonant circuits with distributed inductance and capacitance. We have built different types of resonators and its performance were compared. With the resonators developed here we have been able to obtain proton density images of good quality. (author)

Distributed energy generation in the best enterprise center of Latin America; Geracao distribuida no melhor centro empresarial da America Latina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marchetti Filho, Enzo; Vasconcelos, Luiz Guilherme [Newmar Energia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2004-07-01

In order to maintain a continuous reliable supply of electrical energy to the buildings that constitutes the best Office Building in Latin America, the United Nations Business Center (CENU) decided to implement its own source of electric power, that operates alternatively with the electrical energy supplied by the grid. The fuel chosen in this project is Natural Gas, (05 sets of generator group, installed at the first underground ) and no problems with storage and pollution are present. NewmarEnergia is actuating in this project since the initial development to the final operation and management of it, and a good performance is being verified. (author)

Co-generation on steam industrial systems with disks turbines; Co-geracao em sistemas industriais de vapor com turbinas de discos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lezsovits, Ferenc [Universidad de Tecnologia y Economia de Budapest (Hungary)

2010-03-15

The disk turbine, also called Tesla turbine, being of simple construction and low cost, can be used as steam pressure reduction on industrial systems, generating simultaneously electric power, becoming the co-generation even at lower levels. Can be used for various operational parameters and mass flux ratios.This paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the turbines under various operation conditions.

Downstream environmental impacts of dams: case study Tucurui Hydroelectric Plant, PA; Impactos ambientais a jusante de hidreletricas: o caso da usina de Tucurui, PA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manyari, Waleska Valenca

2007-12-15

The hydroelectric resources of the Amazon region are considered a competitive alternative despite the structural problems they entail. Concerning the latter, plans to build large-scale dams in the region have drawn criticism mainly on account of the loss of forest cover in areas flooded by dam reservoirs and the conflicts concerning the relocation of indigenous and riverside communities in the region. This study seeks to contribute to better understanding of the environmental issue in the Amazon by focusing attention on the downstream effects of dams, which have large-scale, hitherto neglected ecological repercussions. The impact of dams extends well beyond the area surrounding the artificial lakes they create, harming rich Amazon wetland ecosystems. The morphology of dammed rivers changes in response to new inputs of energy and matter, which may in turn destroy certain biotypes. This is a remote-sensing-based case study of the Tucurui hydroelectric scheme in the Amazon state of Para. Attention is drawn to the need to take into account effects on alluvial rivers downstream from hydroelectric power plants when it comes to making planning decisions, as part of a sustainable energy policy. (author)

Model for analysis and definition of the governor constants in hydroelectric power; Modelo para analise e definicao das constantes do regulador em usinas hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andrade, Jose Geraldo Pena de; Koelle, Edmundo; Luvizotto Junior, Edevar [Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia Civil. Dept. de Hidraulica e Saneamento

1997-07-01

This paper presents a complete mathematical and computer model which allows simulating a generic hydroelectric power plant under steady state and transitory regimes, in the extensive time, and also the analysis of the oscillating flows resulting from excitation sources present in the installation, such as vortices in the suction pipe during partial load operation.

Simplified matrix for assessment to environmental impacts on small hydroelectric power plants (SHP); Matriz simplificada para avaliar impactos ambientais em pequenas centrais hidreletricas (PCH)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barbosa, Tania A.P. de Souza; Dupas, Francisco Antonio [Universidade Federal de Itajuba, MG (Brazil). Inst. de Recursos Naturais]. E-mails: taniabarbosa@unifei.edu.br; dupas@unifei.edu.br

2006-07-01

This work intends to study the methodologies used by EIA and proposes the adaptation of a simplified matrix for the assessment of environmental impacts regarding small hydropower plants. A case study of Ninho da Aguia SHP, located in the city of Delfim Moreira, MG, was used for elaborating the matrix. The methodology used the analysis of all the negative impacts and they were given combined weight based on a pre-established impact scale. The weights that were given to each impact were distributed according to the combination of features presented in the referred EIA. The results attained show that the environmental damage is reduced by 45% when the mitigating measures suggested by the EIA and by the analysis carried out by this study are applied. Besides, this preliminary proposal will make it possible for the process of getting an environmental license to be accelerated. Today, this process is considered as an investment inhibitor because of its slowness caused by the environmental organs that analyze these studies. Also, it may be used as initial guidelines regarding the environmental cost of the implementation of the enterprise. The proposed matrix shows itself as efficient because it is easy to be used and it is a useful tool for the analysis of projects that will be implemented.

A model optimization for pre-dispatch among the hydroelectric generator unities; Um modelo de otimizacao para pre-despacho entre as unidades geradoras de hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Colnago, Glauber R.; Correia, Paulo B. [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica]. E-mails: grcolnago@fem.unicamp.br; pcorreia@fem.unicamp.br

2006-07-01

This work proposes a mixed integer nonlinear programming model to pre-dispatch of a hydroelectric power plant. In the model we want to minimize the losses in the electricity generation with conditions of electricity demand, operational prohibited zones and units' efficiency data. The Xingo Hydroelectric Power Plant was utilized in the mode tests. The solver used was Lingo 8.0. (author)

Expert system in power distribution lines switching; Sistema especialista em manobras de redes de distribuicao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cavellucci, Celso

1989-07-01

This work proposes an expert system integrated to procedures of numerical computation, denominated RD and projected to suggest alternatives of switching plans in the isolation and re-establishment of power distribution lines. The switching plans are based on the specialist's knowledge (network operator) and in evaluations of the electric conditions of the switching. Specialist's knowledge is represented in the form of triples (context, attribute, value) and production rules, that are evaluated conveniently by the machine of inference of the RD system. The electric power distribution is represented by a graph model, where the knots are load blocks and the arcs are key of the system. The evaluation of the electric requirements (voltage drop and physical capacity of the components of the power distribution lines) it is obtained through a maneuver simulator (numeric computation). The maneuver simulator bases on the Method of the Moments for the calculation of the voltage drop. With base in these ideas a prototype of the RD system was developed.

Electrical characterization of zirconia-niobium and zirconia-titanium composites; Caracterizacao eletrica dos compositos zirconia-niobio e zirconia-titanio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reis, S.T. dos

1994-12-31

Zirconia-niobium and zirconia-titanium composites were made by powder mixing, cold pressing, and vacuum sintering at 1600{sup 0} C. The metallic particles were added in the proportion of 0-50% by volume. Electrical resistivity measurements were performed by the two probes and the four probes d.c. method as a function of metallic particle concentration. Electrical resistivity of these composites decreased sharply in the region of 30-40 vol% Nb or Ti, in agreement with the percolation theory. Tests in an induction furnace were performed to check the self-heating response of these composites. (author). 33 refs, 40 figs, 11 tabs.

Data Warehouse for support to the electric energy commercialization; Data Warehouse para apoio a comercializacao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lanzotti, Carla R.; Correia, Paulo B. [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica]. E-mails: clanzotti@yahoo.com; pcorreia@fem.unicamp.br

2006-07-01

This paper specifies data base using a data warehouse containing the energy market, the electric system, and the economy information allowing the visualization and analysis of the data through tables and dynamic charts. This data warehouse corresponds to the module 'Information base from Platform helping the electric power commercialization'. The platform is a computer program viewing to help the interested agents in commercializing energy and is formed by three modules as follows: Information Base, Contracting Strategies and Contracting Process. It is expected that the use os these data base, joint to Platform establishes positive conditions to agents from the interested in electric energy commercialization.

Characterization of electric arc furnace dust aiming reuse; Caracterizacao da poeira de aciaria eletrica visando o seu reaproveitamento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grillo, F.F.; Oliveira, E.B.G.; Oliveira, J.R. de, E-mail: fgrillo@ifes.edu.b [Instituto Federal de Ciencia e Tecnologia do Espirito Santo (IFES), Vitoria, ES (Brazil); Telles, V.B.; Tenorio, J.A.S. [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil)

2010-07-01

This work aims to study the characterize of steelmaking dust, from the primary refining of steel in Electric Arc Furnace, in order to verify feasibility of reuse through the addition of hot metal in the form of briquette. The techniques used to characterize the dust was chemical analyses, size separation tests, X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). After characterization, was the calculation of reductant considering the complete reduction of iron oxides and then to briquetting. The waste sample is composed essentially of spherical particles and has a very small particle size (85% below 10 {mu}m). The XRD has presented compounds such as ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}, Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}, ZnO e SiO{sub 2}. This work showed that its possible recovery approximately 92% of metal iron from dust generated during steelmaking.This (author)

Expert system in power distribution lines switching; Sistema especialista em manobras de redes de distribuicao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cavellucci, Celso

1989-07-01

This work proposes an expert system integrated to procedures of numerical computation, denominated RD and projected to suggest alternatives of switching plans in the isolation and re-establishment of power distribution lines. The switching plans are based on the specialist's knowledge (network operator) and in evaluations of the electric conditions of the switching. Specialist's knowledge is represented in the form of triples (context, attribute, value) and production rules, that are evaluated conveniently by the machine of inference of the RD system. The electric power distribution is represented by a graph model, where the knots are load blocks and the arcs are key of the system. The evaluation of the electric requirements (voltage drop and physical capacity of the components of the power distribution lines) it is obtained through a maneuver simulator (numeric computation). The maneuver simulator bases on the Method of the Moments for the calculation of the voltage drop. With base in these ideas a prototype of the RD system was developed.

Improvement of the electric power sector through the access to the national power transmission system - SINTREL (Brazilian National System of Electric Power Transmission); Aperfeicoamento do setor de energia eletrica atraves do acesso a transmissao - SINTREL (Sistema Nacional de Transmissao de Energia Eletrica)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-04-01

This report presents the organization and the operation of SINTREL (Brazilian National System of Electric Power Transmission), the national power transmission system, and it defines its function in the process of reform of the Brazilian electric sector. Besides showing the traditional organization of the companies and of the electric system, and the evolution of the organization of the Brazilian electric system to favor the competition.

Planning projects for generation of electrical energy in the state of Sao Paulo, according to the degree of interference on air quality: an atmospheric qualification index using fuzzy sets; Ordenamento de projetos de geracao de energia eletrica no estado de Sao Paulo, segundo o grau de interferencia na qualidade do ar: um indice de qualificacao atmosferica (IQA) utilizando fuzzy sets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dzedzej, Maira; Maciel, Jonas Fernandes; Santos, Afonso Henrique Moreira [IX Consultoria e Representacoes Ltda, Itajuba, MG (Brazil); Duarte, Pamella Santos [MS Consultoria Ltda, Itajuba, MG (Brazil); Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil)

2010-07-01

Environmental issues are of great importance when assessing the feasibility and priority installation of new developments in electric power generation. In this sense, fuzzy logic can help define the regions that have favorable characteristics for receiving certain forms of generation. This study sought to order for the State of Sao Paulo, four kinds of generation projects: those using municipal solid waste gasification, those which make use of landfill gas with a change in firing (to reduce emissions), thermoelectric plants (TEPs) to bagasse (with 15% straw) and Small Hydropower (SHP). Such an ordering considered not only the type of generation but also the allocation of projects in the four regions, defined by regional vocations as defined by the State Water Resources Plan (Annex III of the State Law No. 9.034/94): Agriculture, Conservation, In Industrialization and Industrial. As a result, the use of fuzzy sets allowed the creation of a ranking of the alternatives (which totaled 14 possibilities), based exclusively on the degree of interference in air quality resulting from the installation of every form of generation. Such information may help the decision-making governing bodies to establish priorities in order, thereby accelerating the process of installation and operation of projects for generating electricity. (author)

Hydroelectric power plant operation procedures: more than a necessity, a competitive advantage; Procedimentos de operacao de usinas hidreletricas: mais que uma necessidade uma vantagem competitiva

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Winck, Joao Carlos Candal; Marques, Jorge Luiz Giulian; Lovatto, Hedio Bitencourt; Lindau, Joao Carlos [Companhia Estadual de Energia Eletrica do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil)]. E-mails: jwinck@ceee.com.br; jorgem@ceee.com.br; hediol@ceee.com.br; joaol@ceee.com.br

2000-07-01

This paper report the reasons, the advantages, the phases, the methodology and the difficulties faced by the CEEE (Electric Energy Company of the State of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil), when elaborating the 125 operation procedures, referred to the 13 from 15 hydroelectric power plants, during a 30 months work period.

Study of motor-pump operating as generator groups in hydroelectric micro hydropower plants; Estudo de grupos moto-bomba operando como grupos geradores em microcentrais hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ricardo, Mateus

2007-07-01

The present work aims to evaluate the in site use of pumps working as turbines (PATs) and induction engines operating as generators (MIGs), for the replacement of conventional generating groups in micro hydropower plants (MHPs), focusing on PATs. To achieve this goal, a case study was accomplished on a micro hydropower plant installed in Mantiqueira Mountain that, after been rebuilt, received a PAT/MIG generating group. It's a pioneer research, being the first documented case of implementation of PATs and MIGs in a real MHP in Brazil. After tests for defining the efficiency, and the comparison with theoretical and laboratory results, it was concluded that PAT/MIG generating groups can be used effectively in electricity generation, by the application of appropriate selection methodologies and adjustments to optimize its operation in reverse. Besides the technical aspects, it was also addressed the technology's economic aspects. Through prices research and costs composition, it was possible to quantify the economic benefit of PAT/MIG groups over conventional generating groups, noting that the studied technology reduces the micro hydropower plants deployment costs in a significant way . (author)

Study of motor-pump operating as generator groups in hydroelectric micro hydropower plants; Estudo de grupos moto-bomba operando como grupos geradores em microcentrais hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ricardo, Mateus

2007-07-01

The present work aims to evaluate the in site use of pumps working as turbines (PATs) and induction engines operating as generators (MIGs), for the replacement of conventional generating groups in micro hydropower plants (MHPs), focusing on PATs. To achieve this goal, a case study was accomplished on a micro hydropower plant installed in Mantiqueira Mountain that, after been rebuilt, received a PAT/MIG generating group. It's a pioneer research, being the first documented case of implementation of PATs and MIGs in a real MHP in Brazil. After tests for defining the efficiency, and the comparison with theoretical and laboratory results, it was concluded that PAT/MIG generating groups can be used effectively in electricity generation, by the application of appropriate selection methodologies and adjustments to optimize its operation in reverse. Besides the technical aspects, it was also addressed the technology's economic aspects. Through prices research and costs composition, it was possible to quantify the economic benefit of PAT/MIG groups over conventional generating groups, noting that the studied technology reduces the micro hydropower plants deployment costs in a significant way . (author)

Application of fuzzy logic in mapping the environmental impacts of hydroelectric power plants; Aplicacao da logica difusa no mapeamento de impactos ambientais em usinas hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Melo, M.N.; Lambert-Torres, G.; Silva, L.E. Borges da [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil)], Emails: germanoltorres@gmail.com, leborges@unifei.edu.br; Rissino, S.; Silva, M.F. da [Universidade Federal de Rondonia (UFRO), Porto Velho, RO (Brazil)], e-mails: srissino@gmail.com, felipe@unir.br

2009-07-01

During the stages prior to installation of a large enterprise, there is an obligation to obtain an environmental license for its effectiveness. However, defining the relevance of an environmental impact generated by changes elapsed in a region, is something subjective, since some variables present qualitative definitions. Aiming to interrelate the variables that influence the environmental impacts in hydroelectric plants, was made the mapping of terms natural resources and degradation of the environment, and its defining variables, based on the theory of fuzzy logic. The construction of fuzzy propositions was based on the manipulation of a rule base, with the 'if' antecedent 'then' consequent structure. It was concluded that the use of fuzzy propositions for the study of environmental impact is an effective method to map the environmental impact caused by construction of a hydroelectric plant, because it defines the degree of influence of impact on the environment.

Petroleum generation: 3D modeling of Cumuruxatiba Basin, Brazil; Modelagem 3D da geracao de petroleo na Bacia de Curumuxatiba, Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lemgruber, Adriana; Ferreira, Daniella A.; Goncalves, Felix T.T. [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Lab. de Modelagem Multidisciplinar de Bacias Sedimentares (LAB2M); Vieira, Juliana R. [Agencia Nacional do Petroleo, Gas Natural e Biocombustiveis (ANP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

In order to update and improve the knowledge of the tectonic-sedimentary evolution of Cumuruxatiba's petroleum systems, and also to call the attention of the petroleum companies, the National Agency of Oil, Gas and Biofuels (ANP) signed contract with COPPE / UFRJ for carrying out an extensive project of basin analysis. This paper presents the results of the integration geochemical data and three-dimensional maturation and petroleum generation modeling, on a regional scale. The results present an important progress in understanding the dynamic of the petroleum system in the area, and may be used as a basis for more consistent evaluation of the oil and gas potential and also of the exploitation risk at Cumuraxatiba basin. Three potential source rock intervals were simulated in the 3D model. Two intervals have been defined in the pre-salt zone, at the upper and basal portions of the rift section, and an interval at the post-salt section, at the top of Regencia formation/ basis of Urucutuca formation. The results point out that there is a significant oil and gas potential in deep-water regions and in the south portion of the continental shelf. (author)

Electric energy management - basis for a municipal public politics; Gestao da energia eletrica - bases para uma politica publica municipal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kurahassi, Luiz Fernando

2006-07-01

Electricity is an input whose impact on the costs of the municipal public services varies according to the manner it is used and to the way it is obtained from the supplying company. The management of its use results in savings and in greater efficiency and quality of the delivered services - including the public lighting - besides, it softens environmental impacts and develops actions to orientate society towards energy-efficient consumption habits. The public sector has a significant share in the electricity final consumption in Brazil, trending to increase, but a room for consumption reduction and increase in energy efficiency can be seen in the municipalities. The purpose of this thesis is to identify concepts and set parameters that can be the basis of a public policy on electrical power management at the ambit of municipality. This paper reports a series of theoretical studies and empirical researches concerning the efficient use of electrical power in public services in cities of different countries and analyses the results reached from the application of models that successively work in the reality of cities from the Sao Paulo metropolitan area. It concludes that the municipality must play a role much more relevant than being a simple institutional electricity consumer, by proposing the basis for an intervention in the municipal reality. (author)

Electric energy tariffs - critical analysis and methodological proposition; Estrutura de tarifas de energia eletrica. Analise critica e proposicoes metodologicas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fugimoto, Sergio Kinya

2010-07-01

Currently, the electric energy sector is preparing for the third round of the distributors tariff revisions. Since the regulatory environment is more consolidated in terms of required revenue, the agents are turning their attention to the necessary adjustment and correction of the tariff structure. In fact, ANEEL (regulatory agency) set topics for R and D projects considered strategic for the development of national energy sector, among them, the Tariff Structure Project. Recently, the regulatory agency also announced public hearings dealing with the costs allocation, price signals and tariffs for low-voltage consumers. In line with this debate, the thesis finds to analyze the methodology for calculating tariffs, systematizing knowledge dispersed in various references. For this, it discusses the major aspects of peak pricing theory, including American, British and French approaches, and researches the connection between the logic built into the costs allocation by hour and the criteria for electricity distribution system planning. Aiming to reflect the costs of each customer type, indicating a better utilization of the distribution system, are proposed improvements and innovation whose highlights are: shifting the idea that expansion costs should be only allocated in peak time of the system, setting the periods after calculating the costs, changing how to derive the reference charges by average aggregation of the costs and applying the methodology on altered load curves. Finally, this thesis seeks to prove that the current methodology, although designed by the time in which the electricity sector was aggregated, can be adapted according to the proposed improvements and innovations, and thus applied to the current environment in which electric energy businesses and tariffs are separated in generation, transmission, and distribution and retail areas. (author)

Introduction of composite reliability evaluation in power system operation planning; Introducao da confiabilidade composta no planejamento da operacao eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mello, J C.O. [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Schilling, M T; Gomes, P [ELETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

1994-12-31

This paper gives an overview of an ongoing, detailed and first-hand investigation about the current reliability levels of the Brazilian power system, as seen from the electrical operation planning point-of-view. A set of practical results are presented and commented. (author) 41 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.

A definition model of electric power tariff based on marginal cost: case study at CERON - the electric company of Rondonia, Brazil; Um modelo de definicao de tarifa de energia eletrica baseada no custo marginal: estudo de caso na CERON - Centrais Eletricas de Rondonia, Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Domiciano, Jose Antonio

2002-07-01

The present competition circumstances (ambient) require enterprises (companies or undertaking) like CERON to have understanding of all conditions to propose tariffs which give correct signal the consumers. Objective. Thus, search for valuations of model to define the tariff of electric energy based on marginal cost though a study in case of CERON. Method. Develop an investigation of a model of definition of tariffs of electric energy based on marginal costs to start the study in case of CERON and followed by analysis of its tariff structure. Results. With application of the signal (sign or indication) of tariffs, can measure the degree of separation of tariffs and to propose new modalities of alternate tariffs which offer conditions to reflect the real form of costs imposed by clients who form subgroups of tariffs of CERON. With final results, it offers parameters to trace (seek) important strategy for the company. Conclusion: The model gives condition's to identify and quantify of subsidies inside the tariff structure. It is a base which permits to create alternatives to resolve tariff distortions. It permits to have a better understanding which category (class) of consumers who are free will try to seek companies with tariffs which reflect really its costs. (author)

A definition model of electric power tariff based on marginal cost: case study at CERON - the electric company of Rondonia, Brazil; Um modelo de definicao de tarifa de energia eletrica baseada no custo marginal: estudo de caso na CERON - Centrais Eletricas de Rondonia, Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Domiciano, Jose Antonio

2002-07-01

The present competition circumstances (ambient) require enterprises (companies or undertaking) like CERON to have understanding of all conditions to propose tariffs which give correct signal the consumers. Objective. Thus, search for valuations of model to define the tariff of electric energy based on marginal cost though a study in case of CERON. Method. Develop an investigation of a model of definition of tariffs of electric energy based on marginal costs to start the study in case of CERON and followed by analysis of its tariff structure. Results. With application of the signal (sign or indication) of tariffs, can measure the degree of separation of tariffs and to propose new modalities of alternate tariffs which offer conditions to reflect the real form of costs imposed by clients who form subgroups of tariffs of CERON. With final results, it offers parameters to trace (seek) important strategy for the company. Conclusion: The model gives condition's to identify and quantify of subsidies inside the tariff structure. It is a base which permits to create alternatives to resolve tariff distortions. It permits to have a better understanding which category (class) of consumers who are free will try to seek companies with tariffs which reflect really its costs. (author)

Perspectives of thermoelectric power generation in Brazil and Co2 emissions; Perspectivas da geracao termeletrica no Brasil e emissoes de Co2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abdalad, Rogerio

2000-03-01

Climate changes taking place on Earth have a strong component due to energy, from the exploitation of primary sources and its conversion to end use forms. The overheating of the atmosphere is consequence of the increasing of greenhouse gases concentration with distinction to carbon dioxide - CO{sub 2}. Brazilian energy sector uses renewable sources with a intensity higher than the world average. The restructuring of the power sector adapting it to a competitive market might contribute to increase the use of fossil in the energy matrix - specially coal and natural gas. The development of thermal power generation technologies from fossil fuels supposes the adaptation to attend environmental patterns of CO{sub 2} emission rates. The improvement of the processes of thermal conversion of these fuels may, in midterm make economically feasible even the use of renewable sources such as biomass. The anticipation in the use of more efficient and advanced technologies has the characteristics of technical intervention and regulatory measures. This work analyses the effects of these actions and measures in a scenery with thermal power expansion in Brazil and estimates the amount of carbon dioxide emissions to a possible result to be achieved with anticipation of new technologies of thermal power using coal and natural gas. (author)

Combat, prevention and optimization of commercial losses of power energy; Combate, prevencao e otimizacao das perdas comerciais da energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Penin, Carlos Alexandre de Sousa

2008-07-01

The objective of this work is to study the problem of NTL using a wide approach, analyze the experience of dealerships in Brazil and abroad, discuss the best practices for mitigation of those losses and propose improvements in the combat and prevention processes, and the legal procedures for recovery of incomes, leaning on a careful regulatory context. This study draws attention to Brazil's socioeconomic diversity, comparing it to various international examples, and intends to identify the most relevant aspects that must be considered on the theme, discussing procedures and methodologies for the equation of the amount of resources to be applied by distributing companies to achieve the appropriate reduction of NTL. (author)

Combat, prevention and optimization of commercial losses of power energy; Combate, prevencao e otimizacao das perdas comerciais da energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Penin, Carlos Alexandre de Sousa

2008-07-01

The objective of this work is to study the problem of NTL using a wide approach, analyze the experience of dealerships in Brazil and abroad, discuss the best practices for mitigation of those losses and propose improvements in the combat and prevention processes, and the legal procedures for recovery of incomes, leaning on a careful regulatory context. This study draws attention to Brazil's socioeconomic diversity, comparing it to various international examples, and intends to identify the most relevant aspects that must be considered on the theme, discussing procedures and methodologies for the equation of the amount of resources to be applied by distributing companies to achieve the appropriate reduction of NTL. (author)

Electric energy/power quality: a new approach for old problems; Qualidade de energia/potencia eletrica: novo enfoque para antigos problemas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ross, Ricardo Penido Dutt; Lima, Antonio Guilherme G; Lourenco, Plutarco M; Guarini, Antonio de Padua; Mello, Alex Jean de C. [Centro de Pesquisas em Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Ferro, Fernando [LIGHT Servicos de Eletricidade S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Roncolato, Ronaldo [Companhia Paulista de Forca e Luz, Campinas, SP (Brazil)

1996-12-31

This work presents a new approach to deal with phenomenon long known such as voltage oscillation, harmonics and others which affect the quality of electric power supply. Also discussed is the importance of the union between electric power utilities and costumers in order to study, measure and quantify the deficit resulting, and, mostly important, to find solutions. Results are presented 7 figs., 3 refs.

Electrical sounding data inversion with minimum L-1 norm; Inversao de dados de sondagem eletrica minimizando a norma L1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marinho, Jose Marcio Lins [Bahia Univ., Salvador, BA (Brazil). Inst. de Geociencias. Programa de Pesquisa e Pos-graduacao em Geociencias]|[Ceara Univ., Fortaleza, CE (Brazil). Dept. de Geologia; Lima, Olivar Antonio Lima de [Bahia Univ., Salvador, BA (Brazil). Inst. de Geociencias. Programa de Pesquisa e Pos-graduacao em Geociencias

1995-12-31

The steepest descent and the damped least squares are the most used methods for inverting electrical sounding data. Normally, such inversions are made in the apparent resistivity domain using the norm L{sub 2}. For one dimensional earth models we present a new inversion scheme based on the minimization of norm L{sub 1} applied in the logarithmic domain. In the steepest descent case, the implementation of the L{sub 1} norm consists essentially in computing partial derivatives of the objective function with respect to the model parameters. In the second case, referred here as the damped least absolute deviation, the implementation is done via an interactively reweighed least square procedure. Several inversions were done for the Schlumberger array using both theoretical and field data. The results are very promising and attest the robustness of the L{sub 1} norm. A comparative performance study of the both norms are in progress using more than 140 Schlumberger soundings obtained in a groundwater exploration program in the area of Itarema-Acarau, Ceara State, Brazil. (author). 9 refs., 3 figs

Scenarios for wind power in Brazil, Argentina and Chile; Cenarios para a energia eolio eletrica no Brasil, Argentina e Chile

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dedecca, Joao Gorestein; Nogueira, Larissa Goncalves; Jannuzzi, Gilberto de Martino [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica. Dept. de Energia], emails: jdedecca@fem.unicamp.br, larissa@fem.unicamp.br, januzzi@fem.unicamp.br; Gomes, Rodolfo Dourado [International Energy Initiative-Latin America (IEI-LA), Campinas, SP (Brazil)], email: rodolfo@iei-la.org

2010-07-01

The Chilean, Argentinean and Brazilian power matrixes presented in the last two decades a growth of the non-renewable energy sources share, especially fossil sources, mainly in installed capacity and in a lesser degree in energy production. Greenpeace and the European Renewable Energy Council have elaborated a reference energy scenario together with a scenario analyzing the institution of ample measures for the promotion of renewable energy sources. Feed-in tariffs and auction or bidding mechanisms implemented in Brazil and Argentina and the renewable portfolio standard implemented in Chile allied with the wind industry state in these countries indicate that Chile and Argentina will fulfill the 2020 wind power installed capacity predicted in the reference scenarios, while Brazil will reach the energy revolution scenario prediction. Important energy policy changes are required if the Chile and Argentina energy revolution scenarios wind power installed capacity are to become a reality in 2020. (author)

Quality and customer satisfaction: A case study in Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Barcellos, Paulo Fernando Pinto

The dissertation deals with the case of CEEE-Companhia Estadual de Energia Eletrica, an electric power utility located in Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. Customer satisfaction with the services provided by CEEE is investigated within three groups of consumers: residential, commercial, and industrial. The purpose of the dissertation is to find answers to the following research questions: (1) What is service quality in public utilities, and particularly in an electric power company? (2) What service quality dimensions do customers want to be provided and favor the most? (3) How does the market measure service quality? (4) What should be done by companies, and particularly by an electric utility monopoly, to increase the performance of the rendered service? (5) How does this impact customer satisfaction, retention, and intention to recommend? and (6) How do we start a company-wide quality program provided that the resources are scarce and therefore priorities should be set forth? To investigate the posed questions, the study begins with an exploratory survey of CEEE's Board. The survey is followed by qualitative research of the three customer groups. After qualitative analysis of the data is concluded, questionnaires for the quantitative research, as well as hypothetical models, are developed. Dillman's "Total Design Method" is used to design the questionnaires. The basic ACSI (American Customer Satisfaction Model) is used to approach customer satisfaction. Data are processed by PLS (Partial Least Squares) which follows the procedure developed at the National Quality Research Center of the University of Michigan Business School. In summary, commercial customers are the most dissatisfied with the services provided by CEEE, while residential customers are the most satisfied. To improve quality, priority should be placed on commercial customers and include efforts to improve productivity gains throughout the company. Also, CEEE's image should be

Petroleum generation 3D modeling of Espirito Santo Basin, Brazil; Modelagem 3D da geracao de petroleo na Bacia do Espirito Santo, Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferreira, Daniella A.; Lemgruber, Adriana; Goncalves, Felix T.T. [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Lab. de Modelagem Multidisciplinar de Bacias Sedimentares (LAB2M); Petersohn, Eliane [Agencia Nacional do Petroleo, Gas Natural e Biocombustiveis (ANP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

Intervals of potential source rocks were identified and characterized by the analysis and interpretation of total organic carbon (TOC) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis data. The rift section presents the best conditions for hydrocarbon generation, especially in Mariricu formation, that presents high TOC, hydrogen index and type I Kerogen. The drift section possesses low source rock potential, the intervals with best organic matter characteristic (quantity and quality) are represented by thin packages positioned in the superior portion of Regencia and Sao Mateus formation and in the basis of Urucutuca formation. The geochemistry data was integrated, on a regional scale, into the thermal maturation and petroleum generation three-dimensional model. Four potentially source rock intervals were simulated, two in the pre-salt section and two in the post-salt section. The results point out that the pre-salt intervals have reached thermal maturity in the proximal shelf and were overmatured in deep water. The thermal evolution obtained for the post-salt zone was very similar to those obtained for the rift section (pre-salt section). (author)

Planning of the energy generation system expansion taking into account transmission lines; Planejamento da expansao do sistema de geracao considerando redes de transmissao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lucio, Joao Carlos Martins

1990-12-31

This work presents the proposal of a methodology which, by exploring the interaction between generation and transmission systems expansion studies, aims for an Integrated Planning of Power Systems. It intends to emphasize the Integrated Planning importance so as to improve the utilization of the available resources in the electric sector and to reduce the expansion and operational costs. The work describes a procedure to consider explicitly the network for the determination of a generation system construction schedule. It considers that the transmission lines construction costs have a significant weight so that it can modify the initial generation expansion plan with the anticipation of some investments and the postponement of others, decreasing the global expansion costs. The generation and transmission systems expansion is made in an optimal way using a Graph Search Algorithm. Finally the best Integrated Plan is obtained from a final algorithm that generates a sequence of integrated plans from combination of generation and transmission algorithms. These plans are compared from a global cost point of view until a convergence criterion has been satisfied. (author) 18 refs., 5 figs., 28 tabs.

Impact of distributed generation in the probability density of voltage sags; Impacto da geracao distribuida na densidade de probabilidade de afundamentos de tensao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ramos, Alessandro Candido Lopes [CELG - Companhia Energetica de Goias, Goiania, GO (Brazil). Generation and Transmission. System' s Operation Center], E-mail: alessandro.clr@celg.com.br; Batista, Adalberto Jose [Universidade Federal de Goias (UFG), Goiania, GO (Brazil)], E-mail: batista@eee.ufg.br; Leborgne, Roberto Chouhy [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRS), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil)], E-mail: rcl@ece.ufrgs.br; Emiliano, Pedro Henrique Mota, E-mail: ph@phph.com.br

2009-07-01

This article presents the impact of distributed generation in studies of voltage sags caused by faults in the electrical system. We simulated short-circuit-to-ground in 62 lines of 230, 138, 69 and 13.8 kV that are part of the electrical system of the city of Goiania, of Goias state . For each fault position was monitored the bus voltage of 380 V in an industrial consumer sensitive to such sags. Were inserted different levels of GD near the consumer. The simulations of a short circuit, with the monitoring bar 380 V, were performed again. A study using stochastic simulation Monte Carlo (SMC) was performed to obtain, at each level of GD, the probability curves and sags of the probability density and its voltage class. With these curves were obtained the average number of sags according to each class, that the consumer bar may be submitted annually. The simulations were performed using the Program Analysis of Simultaneous Faults - ANAFAS. In order to overcome the intrinsic limitations of the methods of simulation of this program and allow data entry via windows, a computational tool was developed in Java language. Data processing was done using the MATLAB software.

Natural gas power generation: interruptible gas distribution network regulation; Geracao termoeletrica a gas natural: regulacao do segmento interruptivel de distribuicao de gas canalizado

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paula, Claudio Paiva de; Kann, Zevi [Agencia Reguladora de Saneamento e Energia do Estado de Sao Paulo (ARSESP), SP (Brazil)

2008-07-01

The paper relates studies regarding the natural gas distribution network interruptible branch. This new service can be appropriate for thermal power generation on flexible dispatch mode, as 'take or pay' contracts surplus jobs. The paper indicates no regulatory restraints in an interruptible network implantation. The final conclusion is that interruptible contracts can be an improvement on the distribution business and certainly can accommodate a suitable demand and supply volumes in the long-term gas market balance. (author)

Generation projects: an approach from an economic-financial point of view; Projetos de geracao: uma abordagem sob o ponto de vista economico-financeiro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chiganer, Luis; Biondi Netto, Luiz [Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ (Brazil)]. E-mail: achiganer@.ig.com.br; lbiondi@uerj.br; Castrillon Lopes, Juarez [Universidader Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)]. E-mail: jlopes@uva.br

2004-07-01

The purpose of this study is to gather subsidies for the discussion of the model of expansion in the Brazilian generation sector. This issue, due to its complexity, has brought much controversy. Any expansion may be viable if they met the basic requirements described below: technical feasibility on the specific conditions of the Brazilian energy sector, like the supply of electric power, that is, currently, as the natural competitive advantage of hydraulic origin; financial standards defining that afford resources for the sector expansion in an environment where the characteristics techniques require the need for intensive investment in capital and long-term maturation; provision of guarantees to investors, through contracts for the purchase of energy, in order to reduce the levels of risk in investment and high level of participation and acceptance by all parties involved. The results of the study demonstrate that the natural gas industry development can transformed the natural gas in the primary source of electric power in Brazil, because of the price and the flexibility of the supply. (author)

Power generation in an isolated community in the state of Tocantins, Brazil; Geracao de energia em uma comunidade isolada no estado de Tocantins

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Weder Ferreira dos; Zukowski Junior, Joel Carlos [Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, TO (Brazil); Sodre, Layanni Ferreira [Centro Universitario Luterano de Palmas (CEULP/ULBRA), Palmas, TO (Brazil)], E-mails: weder@gmail.com., zukajr@gmail.com.br, Layanni_sd@hotmail.com

2011-07-01

This paper aims to show a case study of the provision of electricity to an isolated community in the region of Jalapao Good Hope community, municipality of Mateiros, State of Tocantins. It was installed a hybrid wind-photovoltaic system with capacity to generate 9676.80 kWh annually. This energy is intended to improve the production process, for that was installed in the community workshop. Moreover, providing space outside of working hours for social community in the community workshop shed coma availability of firm energy during 24h/day. The results showed that the system can be sustainable provided that the community enjoys the potential to generate energy for the production process. (author)

Proposal for a technical-economic and environmental evaluation projects for distributed generation; Proposta de avaliacao tecnica-economica-ambiental para projetos de geracao distribuida

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fortes, Marcio Zamboti [Universidade Severino Sombra, Vassouras, RJ (Brazil); Gouvea, Marcos Roberto [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil)

2008-07-01

The multi discipline effects in engineering projects, mainly in those of infrastructure, have extended the borders of research to not only evaluate them of the conventional point of view, economic and technical, but also environmental and social. On the other hand, the investor who traditionally searched alternatives only considering the economic and financial performance currently is taken to analyze also the social and environmental aspects. The model described in this paper is a solution proposal to evaluate the merit of an enterprise of distributed generation of thermal origin, considering the economic, social and environmental aspects, using merit indexes that quantify, directly, economic aspects as capital return tax and operating income eliminates, as well as social factors like the impact in the education, health, income and employment rates and still, it verifies the attendance of the environmental restrictions. The solution presented brings a simple and clear form to attribute a merit degree of aggregate to the alternatives to embed distributed generation, considering the intensity of the subjective social responsibility of the investor. The presented model is an important contribution to stimulate a form to evaluate and to prioritize the multi discipline implementation to a distributed generation enterprise, also being able, to be used as financial index or other incentives of the sort. (author)

Planning of the energy generation system expansion taking into account transmission lines; Planejamento da expansao do sistema de geracao considerando redes de transmissao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lucio, Joao Carlos Martins

1991-12-31

This work presents the proposal of a methodology which, by exploring the interaction between generation and transmission systems expansion studies, aims for an Integrated Planning of Power Systems. It intends to emphasize the Integrated Planning importance so as to improve the utilization of the available resources in the electric sector and to reduce the expansion and operational costs. The work describes a procedure to consider explicitly the network for the determination of a generation system construction schedule. It considers that the transmission lines construction costs have a significant weight so that it can modify the initial generation expansion plan with the anticipation of some investments and the postponement of others, decreasing the global expansion costs. The generation and transmission systems expansion is made in an optimal way using a Graph Search Algorithm. Finally the best Integrated Plan is obtained from a final algorithm that generates a sequence of integrated plans from combination of generation and transmission algorithms. These plans are compared from a global cost point of view until a convergence criterion has been satisfied. (author) 18 refs., 5 figs., 28 tabs.

Expansion of transmission networks considering incentives the addition of distributed generation; Expansao de redes de transmissao considerando incentivos a adicao de geracao distribuida

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lotero, Roberto Cayetano; Rocha, Carlos Roberto Mendonca da [Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana (UNIOESTE), Parana (Brazil)], emails: e-lotero@unioeste.br, rrocha41@hotmail.com

2010-07-01

This paper presents a model that allows to evaluate the impact of distributed generation (DG) in the expansion of high voltage transmission grid. By applying the model it is possible to determine the size and location of small range generation that can grow incrementally, avoiding or delaying large investments in transmission lines. Whereas the cost of distributed generation for the system is associated with the cost of the incentives offered for that installation, it is also possible to determine the maximum value of this incentive to stimulate the installation of some quantity of DG that postponing the expansion of the transmission grid. The results show the need to consider explicitly the introduction of DG in the expansion planning since the impact it can have on the formation of tariffs for using the transmission system is meaningful. (author)

Biodiesel and employment and income generation: an analysis of input-output; Biodiesel e geracao de emprego e renda: uma analise de insumo-produto

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lucena, Thomas Krisp de; Young, Carlos Eduardo Frickmann [Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Economia], e-mail: thomaskl@ig.com.br

2008-07-01

This article analysis the National Program of Biodiesel Production, and presents a methodology to estimate the direct and indirect effects of employment and wages generation using the Input-Output Model developed by Leontief. Four different simulations are carried out, but even in the most optimistic case, the results presented by the Government exceed considerably the estimates obtained using data from the Brazilian national accounts. The main recommendation is that these estimates need to be redone, in order to present more realistic expectations for the job and income generation from the expansion of the bio diesel. (author)

Transformation of the electric power supply chain in competitive markets; Transformacoes da cadeia de suprimentos de energia eletrica em mercados competitivos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barbosa, Paulo Sergio Franco [Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia Civil]. E-mail: franco@fec.unicamp.br; Leal, Lydiane Abdon [Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica. Dept. de Energia]. E-mail: lyable@bol.com.br

2002-07-01

This work presents an analysis of the transformation occurred in the electric power supply chain arising out from the privatization of the electric power sector in Brazil. The analysis includes change aspects concerning to the flux of electric power, information, financial and risk fluxes following the productive and commercialization chain. The work also analyses the british experience for identification of efficiency losses and gains in the management of some pos privatization processes, highlighting companies which experienced evolution in the corporative strategies, obtained from the large period of commercial operation not submitted to non regulated environment.

Sulfide gas effects on the power transmission lines; Efeito do gas sulfidrico nos componentes do sistema de transmissao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kajimoto, Zehbour Panossian; Almeida, Neusvaldo Lira de

1992-12-31

Copper and its alloys when exposed in atmosphere contaminated with sulphur compounds present stains due to sulfidation. This sulfidation is markedly influenced by temperature and air relative humidity. In this works, results from tests with three years of exposition in atmospheres containing H{sub 2}S and SO{sub 2} are related; such results show that the use of these materials in regions with these contaminants must be done with restriction. Besides the high copper corrosion rates, corrosion products which form on this metal can cause serious problems to the electric contact. (author) 8 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.

Implementation of electrical efficiency project in an beverage industry; Implementacao de um projeto de eficiencia eletrica em uma fabrica de bebidas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vasconcellos, Arnulfo Barroso de; Corral, Marcela Marcote; Festa, Alexandre Vinicius; Silva, Thiago Vieira da [Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), MT (Brazil); Malheiro, Teresa Irene Ribeiro de Carvalho [Instituto Federal Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso (IFMT), MT (Brazil); Barros, Regiane Silva de [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil)

2010-07-01

Proper management of electric energy use in industries promotes benefits to these consumers as well as to the Energy Dealers because they can postpone necessary investments in the electrical system and therefore minimize the social and environmental impacts caused by expansion or construction of new projects for generation / distribution energy, thus benefiting society in general. In most cases the electricity is the most significant portion of fixed costs among industrial consumers. The state of Mato Grosso has one of the electricity rates highest in the country. Thus, energy conservation measures can reduce this portion of expenses without changing the level of production. This article reviews the tariff framework, proposes efficiency measures electrical and analyzes the impact on power quality due to the drive motors via electronic systems in a beverage industry in the state of Mato Grosso. The main objective is to reduce energy costs and optimize its electric drive system with the proposed replacement of low-income induction motors for high-income ones. It was found that through the proposed measures can reduce both the demand of active power as electricity consumption without affecting production levels. (author)

Observability in electric power networks: identification critical measures methods; Observabilidade em redes de energia eletrica: metodos de identificacao de medidas criticas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

London Junior, Joao Bosco Augusto

1997-07-01

One of the most important functions of the control and operation centers is to maintain service reliability in a electrical power system. In order to obtain a reliable operation of the power system, it is important to identify the critical measurements, and then to improve the measurement system using pseudo measurements. The goal of this work is to determine more efficient methods for critical measurement identification. A brief review of the some methods for observability analysis as well as two methodologies to identify critical measurements are presented. The first method has a combinatorial nature; the second one is supported by uni modular M matrix (incidence matrix of measurements for branches) and A matrix (incidence matrix of branch for nodes). The second method needs a combinatorial algorithm to be feasible, so that it becomes a slow method. Two new methods for critical measurements identification are presented in this work: the first one is based on the theory developed by Bretas (1996a), to analyse observability using graph paths; the second methods is supported y the Slutsker and Scudder (1987) theory, where identification is reached throughout the analysis of the jacobian matrix. (author)

Procedures for processing power using agricultural waste to Brazil; Processos de transformacao em energia eletrica utilizando residuos agricolas para o Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Marcelo Jose da; Souza, Samuel Nelson Melegari de; Santos, Reginaldo Ferreira; Wolff, Paulo Sergio [Universidade do Oeste Paulista (CCET/UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR (Brazil)], E-mail: ssouza@unioeste.br

2009-07-01

The suitable process for waste vegetable processing is the thermochemistry because of the low moisture promotes the convert ion process. The use of gasified gas generated by an agricultural waste can reduce the consumption of diesel by up to 80% in internal combustion engines. Cogeneration is suitable for the use of crop residues of sugar cane by the mills, generating heat, mechanical and electrical energy. The use of agricultural waste to energy end is an interesting alternative, since it does not compete with food production. Based on calculations for the processing of the cane remains in electric power it was estimated that the generation is 2301.3 million GJ/year by cogeneration. (author)

Interaction among the electric power concessionaire, the private sector and the customers; Interacao concessionaria de energia eletrica, iniciativa privada e clientes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva Pontes, Valdenir da; Mendonca, Antonio Carlos de; Pennachiotti, Carlos Cesar [Companhia Paulista de Forca e Luz (CPFL), Campinas, SP (Brazil)

1992-12-31

This present work shows a franchising plan for the consumer sector services: reading of the electric energy measuring equipment and bill delivering. In order to reduce the operational costs of the electric energy enterprises and the payment sheet, this plan will leads to optimize the crescent demand services. 1 tab., 2 refs.

Energy savings in heating systems for nursery pigs; Uso racional de energia eletrica em sistema de aquecimento para creches de leitoes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sarubbi, Juliana; Rossi, Luiz Antonio; Moura, Daniella Jorge de; Oliveira, Rafael Augustus de; David, Eduardo [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEAGRI/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de de Engenharia Agricola], Emails: rossi@feagri.unicamp.br, daniella.moura@feagri.unicamp.br, augustus@feagri.unicamp.br

2009-07-01

Energy saving procedures in pig industry are important to bring sustainability to this economic activity. Energy savings can contribute to the economic and environmental feasibility of the livestock and improve animal welfare conditions. This research work aimed to perform a comparison among three heating technologies for nursery pigs related to the energy saving aspects. Three heating systems were studied: TR - suspended electrical resistors, TP - heated floor and TA - convection heating. The heated floor system was considered better than other under the aspect of electrical energy use. (author)

Solution of equations of electric power networks in multiprocessor computers; Solucao de equacoes de redes de energia eletrica em computadores multiprocessadores

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Feltrin, Antonio Padilha

1991-05-01

This thesis describes a methodology for decomposing the repeat solution process the equation Ax = b independent tasks to be done in parallel, based on the matrix inverse factors (W-matrix) with partitions. The partitioning scheme proposed in this thesis consists of breaking up the W-matrix according the depths of the factorization path tree. In this scheme, all the information needed to generate the partitions can be obtained straightforward from the network factorization path tree. The partitioning algorithm is simple and ease to implement. The elements of W, matrices, except the last partition, can be obtained directly from L-matrix elements, not requiring extra work. The proposed scheme guarantees that additional fills be only created in the last partition. The forward and backward solutions are performed by rows, and the strategy proposed is to schedule on beach processor the operations corresponding to a row of each partition. It should be kept in mind that the multiprocessor environments are equipped with powerful unit processor and then it seems a sound strategy to perform the multi-add elementary operations inside the hardware in order to exploit its computing efficiency. This strategy seeks to match the parallel algorithm to the parallel architecture. The precedent relations - that give rise to delays - are replaced by multi-add operations performed inside the processor mode without external communication. In the partition, the forward, diagonal and backward solutions may be gathered, and so all the operations can be expressed as the product of matrix W{sub lp} by the update components of vector b. The performance results show that the potential speedup of the solution time is essentially bounded by the floating point operation capability of each processor, denoting that the methodology is a suitable way to exploit the growing power of the computing technology. 46 figs, 40 refs, 49 tabs.

Capital rewarding of the electric power enterprises: a comparative analysis; Remuneracao de capital das distribuidoras de energia eletrica: uma analise comparativa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rocha, Katia; Braganca, Gabriel Fiuza de [Instituto de Pesquisa Economica Aplicada (IPEA), Brasilia, DF (Brazil)]. E-mails: katia@ipea.gov.br; gabriel@ipea.gov.br; Camacho, Fernando [Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Economico e Social (BNDES), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)]. E-mail: camacho@bndes.gov.br

2006-07-01

We analyze the electricity distribution segment in Brazil from 1998 to June 2005, trying to assess whether the return on capital invested was in line with the risk and opportunity cost required in the segment. We conclude that the return on capital in this segment in Brazil was systematically negative until 2003. Only in 2005 did the distribution segment really begin to recover, presenting profitability partly consistent with the estimated cost of capital. Comparisons with Argentine, Chilean and American companies reveal that firms in the latter two countries, particularly in Chile, generally managed to reward shareholders according to the opportunity cost of capital. We find evidence of differential effects of regulatory characteristics between the price-cap and cost-plus regimes in the segment's financial profitability, since the return on capital invested was more uniform and predictable in American companies, which are subject to regulation by an internal rate of return or cost-plus mechanism, than in Brazilian firms, subject to price-cap regulation. Among the groups with greater return to profitability after the rationing episode in Brazil in 2002 are EDP Brazil, CPFL Energia, Neoenergia and starting in 2004, Elektro and companies still in government hands. The EDF Group performed the worst in the study period, with negative returns from 1999 onward. (author)

Sulfide gas effects on the power transmission lines; Efeito do gas sulfidrico nos componentes do sistema de transmissao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kajimoto, Zehbour Panossian; Almeida, Neusvaldo Lira de

1993-12-31

Copper and its alloys when exposed in atmosphere contaminated with sulphur compounds present stains due to sulfidation. This sulfidation is markedly influenced by temperature and air relative humidity. In this works, results from tests with three years of exposition in atmospheres containing H{sub 2}S and SO{sub 2} are related; such results show that the use of these materials in regions with these contaminants must be done with restriction. Besides the high copper corrosion rates, corrosion products which form on this metal can cause serious problems to the electric contact. (author) 8 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.

Analysis of environmental studies of the mammals in small hydroelectrics power in the Espirito Santo; Analise dos estudos ambientais da mastofauna em pequenas centrais hidreletricas do Espirito Santo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bonesi, Patricia Conde

2011-10-15

The hydroelectric projects have been the main form to supply the energy demand in Brazil. Although it has been considered a way of clean generation, it brings many environmental impacts. Due to the fact that inconsistencies in environmental impact studies often occur, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of environmental diagnosis of the mammals in SHP in the Espirito Santo. Therefore, was notice an insufficient data survey, because of the relevance given to the secondary data and the lack of seasonal investigations, bringing damages to the proposals submitted of environmental compensation. This way, manners ware proposed that aim to improve the quality of these studies, which include since environmental awareness programs at the penalizing of those involved in such studies. (author)

Caxingo - a promising model for integrating the hydroelectric work camps to the site communities; Caxingo - um modelo promissor para integracao de acampamentos de obras hidreletricas as comunidades locais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Luna, A M; Falcao, A A [Companhia Hidroeletrica do Sao Francisco (CHESF), Recife, PE (Brazil)

1990-12-31

The social and economical impacts caused by the hydroelectric work camps in the sites where the hydroelectric will be constructed are studied, analysing the great supply of works when the hydroelectric is been constructed face to the reduction one when the works are concluded; the neglect by the State in providing medical and educational assistances to the neighbour populations; the appearance of a commerce in the neighbour areas; the employer stableness in the camp after the pension and the lack by the neighbour cities of a social and economical substructure to offer to the population, that come with the hydroelectric construction. A new solution for these problems is presented in the Xingo camp, where the camp will be as a district of city near to the work, with community services provide by the State and the needful substructure to its construction and the equipment provide by the concessionaire. (C.G.C.). 1 fig.

Cogeneration, micro turbines and fuel cells: perspectives for distributed generation in Brazil; Cogeracao, microturbinas e celulas a combustivel: perspectivas para geracao distribuida no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leite, Marco Antonio Haikal [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Centro de Pesquisas (CENPES)

2004-07-01

Brazil has a large potential to install distributed generation systems, using natural gas or renewable like solar, wind or biomass energy. Regarding urban centers, natural gas fired cogeneration and other distributed energy technologies find economical applications. Cogeneration is defined as the generation of two kinds of useful energy from a single energy source. Usually, electrical energy and thermal energy as steam or hot water are produced. By using the absorption refrigeration cycle, chilled water can also be produced to be used in air conditioned systems, often called tri generation, a good alternative to industries, commercial buildings, shopping centers, hospitals, schools and universities. Micro turbines find utilization whenever natural gas is available, but not electricity, like gas compression installations, unmanned platforms or remote production fields. Fuel cells are used in systems requiring high levels of reliability or wherever the non availability cost is high. This paper describe technical and economical data related to PETROBRAS Research Center (CENPES) 3,200 kW electric energy and 1,000 RT chilled water cogeneration system, 200 kW fuel cell and 30 kW and 60 kW microturbines. (author)

Monotron and azimuthally corrugated: application to the high power microwaves generation; Monotron e cavidades azimutalmente corrugadas: aplicacao a geracao de microondas de alta potencia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Castro, Pedro Jose de

2003-07-01

The present document reports the activity of construction and initial operation of 6.7 GHz operation for high power microwave generation, the study on cylindrical resonators with azimuthally corrugated cross section, the determination of electrical conductivity of metallic materials and development of dielectric resonators for telecommunication applications.

Efficiency and entropy generation in fined tube solar collectors systems; Eficiencia e geracao de entropia em sistemas de tubos aletados coletores de energia solar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Marcio Bueno dos [Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil). Lab. de Integracao e Testes; Saboya, Sergio Mourao [Instituto Tecnologico de Aeronautica, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Energia

1998-07-01

This paper studies the efficiency of a fined tube solar collector used in artificial satellites and the relation of this efficiency with the entropy generation in the fin. The mathematical modeling of heat transfer in the collector leads to a non-linear integrodifferential system of equations, which is solved numerically. The solution gives the efficiency, which is presented as function of geometrical and physical characteristics of the collector. It is also shown that a minimum entropy generation in the fins, in a collector, whose characteristics are subjected to constraints, corresponds to an optimum efficiency, that is, an efficiency value advantageous to collector performance. (author)

Investment analysis in hydraulic energy generation by using the real options theory; Analise de investimentos em geracao hidraulica utilizando a teoria de opcoes reais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Noronha, J.C. Caminha; Lima, J.W. Marangon [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil)]. E-mails: juliaccn@unifei.edu.br; marangon@unifei.edu.br; Ferreira, T.G. Leite [Associacao Brasileira dos Investidores em Autoproducao de Energia Eletrica (ABIAPE), Brasilia, DF (Brazil)]. E-mail: tiago@abiape.com.br

2006-07-01

This paper presents a methodology of investment analysis in power plants using the Real Option Theory. Particularly, the investment opportunity of a hydro plant is valued based on the energy that will be traded at the new energy auction using the Brazilian Development Bank - BNDES financing program for the Generation of electric energy (new energy). Since this kind of project involves a multistage investment consisting of design, construction and operation phases, it can be treated as a sequential compound option. A binomial approach was elaborated to model this investment opportunity analysis. This approach models the uncertainties in setting up the cash flow for the investments and incorporates some possible managerial flexibility associated with the decision taken along the investment forecast. The proposed methodology will be described in parallel with an example of a real hydro-plant in which we incorporated the flexibilities regarding the decision to invest in each step of the project and an build phase abandon option, representing the transfer of concession rights after the auction. (author)

Perspectives of coal power generation at Brazil in the horizon 2010-2030; Perspectivas da geracao termeletrica a carvao no Brasil no horizonte 2010-2030

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, Edmar Antunes de

2009-06-15

Coal is the fossil fuel with the largest world reserves spread over 70 countries. It is also the main source of power generation in the world accounting for 40% of electric power generation. In Brazil, however, this fuel has an inexpressive share in power generation. In spite of that, national energy security issues, relative low fuel prices and price stability can make this option economically attractive. On the other hand, present environment issues require a search for social and environment responsible solutions, following the sustainable development. Thus, this dissertation's main objective is to present the perspectives of coal power generation in Brazil showing the technologies that seek a reduction of its impacts over the environment as well as an economic evaluation of these options. As it will be shown, coal does not have yet an important paper at the power generation in Brazil in the analyzed horizon due to its characteristics, which can change in a later time. (author)

Perspectives of coal power generation at Brazil in the horizon 2010-2030; Perspectivas da geracao termeletrica a carvao no Brasil no horizonte 2010-2030

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, Edmar Antunes de

2009-06-15

Coal is the fossil fuel with the largest world reserves spread over 70 countries. It is also the main source of power generation in the world accounting for 40% of electric power generation. In Brazil, however, this fuel has an inexpressive share in power generation. In spite of that, national energy security issues, relative low fuel prices and price stability can make this option economically attractive. On the other hand, present environment issues require a search for social and environment responsible solutions, following the sustainable development. Thus, this dissertation's main objective is to present the perspectives of coal power generation in Brazil showing the technologies that seek a reduction of its impacts over the environment as well as an economic evaluation of these options. As it will be shown, coal does not have yet an important paper at the power generation in Brazil in the analyzed horizon due to its characteristics, which can change in a later time. (author)

Effects of variable loads on equipment and cogeneration cycles performance; Influencia da variacao da carga no rendimento de equipamentos e ciclos de co-geracao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ernst, Mario A.B.; Balestieri, Jose A.P. [UNESP, Guaratingueta, SP (Brazil). Escola de Engenharia. Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica]. E-mails: basulto1@uol.com.br; basulto@feg.unesp.br; perella@feg.unesp.br

2000-07-01

This article presents some aspects relative to the effects of changing loads on steam.generators and turbines. When the equipment solicitation varies due to industrial process demand changes, the equipment work in off-design point, altering its efficiency and the specific fuel rate. This work do not look for a detailed and exhaustive determination of the performance variation with the load but shows that in the selection of equipment this variation can have effects over the consume and the costs. In the present article it is assumed that the load variations are known, and the effects on the equipment efficiency were took from the correlated literature. An example of a Rankine cycle and other of a Brayton cycle are discussed, altering the operational conditions estimating the operating cost for each case. (author)

The utilization of natural gas in the electricity production through fuel cell; A utilizacao do gas natural na geracao distribuida atraves de celulas combustiveis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bernardi Junior, Paulo

2004-07-01

In function of the necessity of electric energy as input of vital importance for the development of the country, this work aims at to offer plus an energy alternative for Brazil. The exploitation of the natural gas reserves recently discovered can be made through modern methods that give as priority the distributed generation and the low ambient impact. All these aspects can be gotten with the use of fuel cell, working with the remodelled natural gas. Increased to the factor of a low ambient impact in the proper generation, the project suggests that the generating source can be located next the consumer, diminishing still more the problems generated for transmission lines, fuel transport, etc. The fuel cell has received a great attention in the international community and some models, some already in commercial period of training, they have shown excellent possibilities of capsize to be one of the future technologies in the generation of electric energy with low ambient impact. (author)

Environmental impacts of thermal generation in the largest city of the Brazilian Amazon; Impactos ambientais da geracao termeletrica na maior cidade da Amazonia brasileira

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coelho, Ilsa Maria Valois; Cartaxo, Elizabeth Ferreira [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (NIEMA/UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil). Nucleo Interdisciplinar de Energia Meio Ambiente e Agua

2010-07-01

The developing process of the Manaus city is questioned from the authors' concern about the built environment and 'destroyed' by the diversity of human actions. Reflecting on the impacts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of the city of Manaus by thermoelectric plants, the main source of electricity in the state, the focus of this study is the urban atmosphere where physical and chemical phenomena accelerate the effects of pollution. It is based on two works: A) monitoring of emissions of gaseous pollutants emitted by Power Plant (UTE) Maua from the emission source. This is a project - 'Reducing Emissions of Gaseous Pollutants in Central Steam Power Plants' - conducted by the Interdisciplinary Center for Energy, Environment and Water of the Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM) approved by the Research and Development Program of the Concessionaire local power. B) the result of a Master thesis submitted to UFAM, 'Mapping the distribution of nitrogen dioxide in the city of Manaus' (MARINHO, 2007). This research has made an assessment of levels of distribution of NO{sup 2} in twenty points distributed in a strategic way, demonstrating that the minimum values were found in a region with little urban influence. The analysis of these two works subsidizes a preliminary research in analytical chemistry and attempts to demonstrate the need to advance the search for methods and techniques more consistent. This is an important step toward a policy of environmental management of atmospheric air that will complement future studies of air pollution in the capital of Amazonas. (author)

Prediction of electric power consumption in the Petrolina city, PE-Brazil; Previsao de consumo de energia eletrica na cidade de Petrolina - PE

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caldas, Alexandre Alex Silva e; Santos, Eucymara Franca Nunes [Universidade Federal do Vale do Sao Francisco (UNIVASF), Juazeiro, BA (Brazil)

2010-07-01

This article presents mathematical equations as a way to forecast electricity consumption using the statistical method of multiple linear regression. The equations are presented using the model of least squares method for determining the regression coefficients, and respecting the division of industrial and residential customer classes in the city of Petrolina (PE). This article has the objective of providing companies and individuals who work in the areas of generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in the region a forecasting tool that ensures a reliable level projections of energy consumption, ensuring the necessary supply of energy, aiming to avoid situations such as occurred in Brazil in mid 2000 and 2001 from energy rationing. Then the paper has a significant relevance because there are not many works in this area of knowledge that address the interests of the region. At the end we present reliable methods derived from multiple linear regression equations, which guarantee a correct forecast of electricity consumption (author)

Feasibility of electric energy cogeneration with biogas from dairy cattle; Viabilidade da cogeracao de energia eletrica com biogas da bovinocultura de leite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coldebella, Anderson; Souza, Samuel Nelson Melegari de [Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR (Brazil). Curso de Mestrado em Engenharia Agricola], e-mails: andersonpesca@yahoo.com.br, ssouza@unioeste.br; Souza, Juliano de; Koheler, Ana Carolina [Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR (Brazil)

2006-07-01

The technological conquests related to the evolution of the agricultural sector are dependent on some form of energy, among them, we can emphasize the electrical power, which has a high cost, and the derivates from petroleum, which are depleting with the years, generating price oscillation, insecurity about the further supplying, besides being highly polluters. Brazil already presents a tradition in the use of renovating sources of energy, emphasizing the electrical power, which is responsible for more than 80% of all electricity consumed in the country, followed by ethanol, a derivative from sugar cane that can be used pure or mixed with gasoline (derivative from petroleum) to substitute it. Although we have this tradition and we are already using some renovating sources of energy, we still have other sources with potential that are little exploited such as the solar energy, eolic energy and the biomass. Due it's a tropical country, Brazil shows a huge potential to the production of vegetal biomass, besides of produce industrial residues and residues generated by the agro-industrial activity. The western region is emphasized by the production generated by the agro industries, but, with the increasing of the demand and consequently the increasing of the production, the generation of manure, from bovines, pork, chicken or any other kind of animal is becoming a serious environmental problem. Those residues are important raw materials to the production of biogas, a fuel similar to the natural gas that can be converted in electrical, thermal or mechanical power inside the facility, reducing the costs of production. The efficiency of the co-generation systems varies according the composition of the biogas and the equipment used to the conversion, being possible reach 38%, that is equivalent to 2,0 to 2,5 kWh by m{sup 3} of biogas. This work has as objective evaluate the feasibility of the production of electrical power from the biogas generated by residues of the milk bovine culture, using an engine of internal combustion converted to biogas and linked to an electrical generator. (author)

Electric power end-consumption for Minas Gerais State until 2005; Projecao do consumo final de energia eletrica para Minas Gerais ate 2005

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bechlufft, Paulo C.T. [Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais (CEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

1992-12-31

This paper analyzes the methodologies for electric power consumption prediction, including the various sectors of the industry, the service sector, the commercial sector and the public sector. The main objective of this methodology is create a energy policy which includes actualized data from the energy consumption and the expansion trends of the main sectors of the statement economy. 10 figs., 6 tabs.

Feasibility of electric energy cogeneration with biogas from dairy cattle; Viabilidade da cogeracao de energia eletrica com biogas da bovinocultura de leite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coldebella, Anderson; Souza, Samuel Nelson Melegari de [Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR (Brazil). Curso de Mestrado em Engenharia Agricola], e-mails: andersonpesca@yahoo.com.br, ssouza@unioeste.br; Souza, Juliano de; Koheler, Ana Carolina [Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR (Brazil)

2006-07-01

The technological conquests related to the evolution of the agricultural sector are dependent on some form of energy, among them, we can emphasize the electrical power, which has a high cost, and the derivates from petroleum, which are depleting with the years, generating price oscillation, insecurity about the further supplying, besides being highly polluters. Brazil already presents a tradition in the use of renovating sources of energy, emphasizing the electrical power, which is responsible for more than 80% of all electricity consumed in the country, followed by ethanol, a derivative from sugar cane that can be used pure or mixed with gasoline (derivative from petroleum) to substitute it. Although we have this tradition and we are already using some renovating sources of energy, we still have other sources with potential that are little exploited such as the solar energy, eolic energy and the biomass. Due it's a tropical country, Brazil shows a huge potential to the production of vegetal biomass, besides of produce industrial residues and residues generated by the agro-industrial activity. The western region is emphasized by the production generated by the agro industries, but, with the increasing of the demand and consequently the increasing of the production, the generation of manure, from bovines, pork, chicken or any other kind of animal is becoming a serious environmental problem. Those residues are important raw materials to the production of biogas, a fuel similar to the natural gas that can be converted in electrical, thermal or mechanical power inside the facility, reducing the costs of production. The efficiency of the co-generation systems varies according the composition of the biogas and the equipment used to the conversion, being possible reach 38%, that is equivalent to 2,0 to 2,5 kWh by m{sup 3} of biogas. This work has as objective evaluate the feasibility of the production of electrical power from the biogas generated by residues of the milk bovine culture, using an engine of internal combustion converted to biogas and linked to an electrical generator. (author)

Electrical energy use in different heating systems for weaned piglets; Utilizacao de energia eletrica em diferentes sistemas de aquecimento para leitoes desmamados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sarubbi, Juliana [Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (CESNORS/UFSM), Palmeiras das Missoes, RS (Brazil). Centro de Educacao Superior Norte-RS. Dept. de Zootecnia], E-mail: jusarubbi@hotmail.com; Rossi, Luiz A.; Moura, Daniella J. de; Oliveira, Rafael A. de; David, Eduardo [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEAGRI/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Agricola], Emails: rossi@agr.unicamp.br, daniella.moura@agr.unicamp.br, augustus@agr.unicamp.br, eduardo.david@agr.unicamp.br

2010-11-15

Heating piglets in nursery and farrowing may be improved to save energy, without affecting the animals' welfare. The objective of this research was to compare the electrical energy use and thermal environment promoted by three heating technologies for piglets in nursery. The heating technologies studied were: suspended electrical resistors, heated floor and convection heating. Electrical energy consumption (kWh), maximum power demand requirements (kW), specific consumption (kWh/kg of produced live body weight), efficiency of heating system (deg C /m{sup 3} air) and dry-bulb temperature (deg C) and temperature-humidity index were evaluated. The heated floor system was better under the aspect of electrical energy use. The electrical resistance heating system was the best regarding to the animals' thermal comfort needs. (author)

Electric power consumption and GDP in Brazil: a cointegration analysis; Consumo de energia eletrica e PIB no Brasil: uma analise de cointegracao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Bruno Goncalves da; Parente, Virginia [Universidade de Sao Paulo (IEE/USP), SP (Brazil). Inst. de Eletrotecnica e Energia], emails: brunosilva@usp.br, vparente@iee.usp.br

2010-07-01

There are many studies aimed at estimating the long-run relationship between GDP and energy. The main objective of this paper is to analyze this relationship for Brazil, taking as a starting point to other studies already done with cointegration methodology to other countries of the world, in order to determine how the Brazilian domestic product is related to energy consumption country.

Analysis of electric power cogeneration using sugar cane bagasse; Uma analise da cogeracao de energia eletrica usando bagaco de cana-de-acucar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carvalho, Anna Cristina Barbosa Dias de

1997-07-01

Brazil impels its economy again. A development expected in 80 and 90 years it is real. This growth demands new technologies, new researches and bases that bear that growth. Electric power is in these bases, but Brazil is not ready for that. Electric power cogeneration possibility appears, using sugar cane bagasse. Alcohol and sugar plants have already that practice working with a low generation volume. With some investment this volume can be increased, adding about 10% to national energetic matrix. The aim of this work is to present a short time alternative for national electric matrix. It shows the energetic situation of the country, some experiences already implanted in some countries around the world and some options for equipment improvement used in alcohol and sugar plants. It is shown alternatives sources of electric power generation studied on Brazil, as well as the planning of National Energetic Program of ELETROBRAS. It analyses, in details, sugar cane bagasse use, which is used in Sao Paulo plants to generate electric power. Possible systems and troubles for its implantation in sugar and alcohol plants are discussed. (author)

Intelligent techniques applied in identifying fraudsters industrial consumers of electricity; Tecnicas inteligentes aplicadas na identificacao de consumidores industriais fraudadores de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ramos, Caio C.O.; Souza, Andre N. de; Pereira, Lucas I.; Gastaldello, Danilo S. [Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Bauru, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Eletrica], Emails: caioramos@gmail.com, andrejau@feb.unesp.br, ra510611@feb.unesp.br, danilosg@feb.unesp.br; Zago, Maria G. [Universidade de Sao Paulo (EP/USP), SP (Brazil) Escola Politecnica], Email: mgzago@usp.br; Papa, Joao P. [Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Bauru, SP (Brazil). Dept. da Computacao], Email: papa.joaopaulo@gmail.com

2009-07-01

The development of a computational intelligent tools based on neural network to identify commercial losses or fraud (theft energy), considering information from a database electric utility, is presented.

Inventory studies of hydroelectric power plants: the methodological differences for small and large power plants; Estudos de inventario de usinas hidreletricas: as diferencas metodologicas para pequenas e grandes centrais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bajay, Sergio Valdir [Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica. Dept. de Energia; Martinez, Carlos Barreira [Faculdade de Engenharia Civil de Itajuba, MG (Brazil)

1992-12-31

The hydroelectric potential handbook produced by ELETROBRAS provides procedures to guides the hydro power studies of river sites. In this paper, a critical analysis of these procedures is carried out, for both large and small hydro power plants, pin pointing the plant`s planning/design interface there, several proposals are put forward in the order to adapt these procedures to small hydro plants, optimizing their planning and design for the several situation, found in Brazilian reality. (author) 5 refs.

Problems of small hydroelectric power plants - SHP: the example of Sao Paulo State, Brazil; Problematica de desenvolvimento das pequenas centrais hidreletricas-PCH: o exemplo do Estado de Sao Paulo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matajs, R.R. [Sao Paulo Univ., SP (Brazil). Programa Interunidades de Pos-Graduacao em Energia; Fabrizy, M.P. [Sao Paulo Univ., SP (Brazil). Inst. de Eletrotecnica e Energia

1994-07-01

This paper presents a survey of the small hydroelectric potential in the State of Sao Paulo - Brazil. Three projections will be presented as as attempt to show the possible participation of the SHP in a sort, medium and long term, in the State of Sao Paulo energetic matrix.

Modelling utilization of the decision of the motor utilization level in small scale hydroelectric power plants; Utilizacao de modelagem para escolha do indice de motorizacao de pequenas centrais hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saliba, Aloysio Portugal M.; Santos, Robson Siqueira Filadelfo dos [Minas Gerais Univ., Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Nuclear; Pinotto, Marcos; Martinez, Carlos Barreira [Minas Gerais Univ., Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Hidraulica e Recursos Hidricos

1997-12-31

The actual picture of the national electric generation demonstrate that there is a demand for small Hydroelectric Plants (SHP`s). The model described here allows the evaluation of different basic arrangements in function of hydrologic, hydraulic, economic and electric parameters. The very useful feature of this methodology is that it has been designed specifically for SHP`s allowing rapid convergence. A study case is presented to illustrate a practical use of the described model. (author) 9 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.

Estimated market prices of electric energy: agroenergy cooperative case study: NERAM (Model for Electric Power Enterprise in Isolated Communities in the Amazon - NERAM) Project; Estimativa do preco de comercializacao da energia eletrica - estudo de caso: cooperativa de agroenergia - Projeto NERAM (Modelo de Negocio de Energia Eletrica em Comunidades Isoladas na Amazonia)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pedreira, Adriana Coli; Souza, Rubem Cesar Rodrigues; Xavier, Diogo Jackson Cajueiro; Freitas, Katriana Tavares de [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (CDEAM/UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil). Centro de Desenvolvimento Energetico Amazonico], Email: cdeam@ufam.edu.br

2006-07-01

The objective of this article is to estimate the cost of commercialization of the electricity generated from the acai seeds, under different commercial societies, namely agricultural cooperative, cooperative for rural electrification and independent producer of electricity. In the case of cooperative agriculture, the main products would be the acai pulp, among others, while the electricity would be a sub product resulting from the utilization of the residues from the process. For the other two arrangements, the electricity would be the main product, with differences in fees, taxes and financial structure between them. The taxes and fees associated with each one of the societies are considered for the estimates of energy costs. The results are presented as a variation of the electricity costs (Reais/MWh) over the load factor variation and are compared to the prices practiced for the bulk energy market for the independent producer in the Amazon region. All the results are presented with and without the subsidy for electricity. This study is part of the mark of the project {sup M}odel for Electric Power Enterprise in Isolated Communities in the Amazon - NERAM{sup ,} financed by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq, that contemplates the universal access to electric-power services and the idea of Integrated Planning of Resources (PIR) for isolated systems. The results appear for the need of subsidies and they present smaller costs for the sceneries that use the cooperatives, especially the cooperative of rural electrification. (author)

Environmental indicators for the wind power generation in Mato Grosso do Sul; Indicadores ambientais para a geracao de energia eolica em Mato Grosso do Sul

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza, Amaury de; Fernandes, Widinei Alves; Pavao, Hamilton Germano; Lastoria, Giancarlo; Gabas, Sandra Garcia; Paranhos Filho, Antonio Conceicao; Zampieri, Alexandra [Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFRGS), Campo Grande, MS (Brazil). Centro de Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologia], E-mails: amaury.de@uol.com.br, wafer@hotmail.com, pavao@dfi.ufms.br, g.lastoria@.ufms.br; sandragabas@ufms.br, antonio.paranhos@pq.cnpq.br, alexandrazampieri@gmail.com

2011-10-15

In this study, we used data of wind speed, from Universal Records anemograph Fuess, 10 m high, from 19 meteorological stations belonging to the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), from January 2008 to December 2010. The research objective was to determine the wind power in selected stations. To do so, estimated the parameters of the Weibull distribution, by which it calculated the wind power. The least squares method applied to the frequency distribution of wind speed is a good option for calculating the parameters of Weibull distribution and the estimated parameters c and k, represent satisfactorily, the monthly frequencies of wind speed in the locations studied. The methods in the characterization of wind power in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, according to the spatial and temporal variability of daily average wind speeds and classification of wind speeds, using the agglomerative Wards at the discretion of inertia, allowed to obtain three homogeneous groups in the study area and the regions that showed higher average daily wind speed was the area of Campo Grande and Sete Quedas. (author)

Characterization of acai seeds as a feedstock for electricity generation via gasification; Caracterizacao do caroco de acai como insumo para geracao de eletricidade via gaseificacao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seye, Omar; Souza, Rubem Cesar Rodrigues de; Bacellar, Atlas Augusto; Morais, Marcia Rodrigues de [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (CDEAM/UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil). Fac. de Tecnologia. Centro de Desenvolvimento Energetico Amazonico], emails: omar_seye@hotmail.com, rubem_souza@yahoo.com.br, abacellar@ufam.edu.br, marcia_morais2004@yahoo.com.br

2008-07-01

This work presents an overview of the characterization physical-chemistry and energy of the aca pit used as input in process of generation of electricity through gasification. Acai pits analyses were accomplished with relationship to the acai pit drying, energy content, proximate and ultimate analyses, size, TGA experiments, bulk density. It was observed that the acai pit can be used as bioenergy but, it presents a low energy content (16,36 MJ/kg) in relationship that of the ' typical' biomass (21 MJ/kg ) and this is not due to the ash content that is very low (1,15%), but yes, the only composition that resembles each other more the Carbohydrates than to the typical composition of the usual biomass. The average diameter of 10 pits chosen at random was 9.5 mm. The acai pits have an angle of repose of {approx}20 degrees, making them ideal for feeding into gasification and combustion processes. (author)

Implementation of the fuzzy theory in control of alternative energy generation system; Aplicacao da teoria fuzzy no controle de sistemas de geracao de energias alternativas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caneppele, Fernando de Lima [Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas. Curso de Pos-Graduacao em Energia na Agricultura], E-mail: fernando@itapeva.unesp.br; Seraphim, Odivaldo Jose [Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas. Dept. de Engenharia Rural], E-mail: seraphim@fca.unesp.br

2010-07-01

This paper presents the application and use of a methodology based on fuzzy theory and simulates its use in intelligent control of a hybrid system for generating electricity, using solar energy, photovoltaic and wind. When using a fuzzy control system, it reached the point of maximum generation of energy, thus shifting all energy generated from the alternative sources-solar photovoltaic and wind, cargo and / or batteries when its use not immediately. The model uses three variables used for entry, which are: wind speed, solar radiation and loading the bank of batteries. For output variable has to choose which of the batteries of the battery bank is charged. For the simulations of this work is used MATLAB software. In this environment mathematical computational are analyzed and simulated all mathematical modeling, rules and other variables in the system described fuzzy. This model can be used in a system of control of hybrid systems for generating energy, providing the best use of energy sources, sun and wind, so we can extract the maximum energy possible these alternative sources without any prejudice to the environment. (author)

Advantages of electrical propulsion applied to the urban transportation with express lines; Vantagens da propulsao eletrica aplicada ao transporte urbano em linhas expressas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schwob, Marcelo Rousseau Valenca; Rodrigues, Joaquim Augusto Pinto; Henriques Junior, Mauricio F.; Dresch, Patricia Miranda; Dantas, Fabricio dos Santos [Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Div. de Energia], E-mail: energia@int.gov.br; Bernardes, Fernanda Manhaes [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil)

2010-07-01

This paper intends to compare the various possible solutions for urban bus propulsion under the environmental aspects (gaseous emissions, vibrations and noises), energy efficiency and energetic operational costs, facing the evident signals of energy inefficiency and environmental limitations presented at urban highway transports of large cities.

A new computer system for security analysis in power systems; Um novo sistema computacional para analise de seguranca em sistemas de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Jose Vicente Canto dos; Gerhardt, Raul A.; Costa, Iverson F. [Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (PIPCA/UNISINOS), Sao Leopoldo, RS (Brazil). Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Computacao Aplicada], E-mail: jvcanto@unisinos.br

2009-07-01

In the electrical energy systems area, the problem of security analysis have been intensively studied in the last years. The main objective of this work has been the developing of a new computational system for static security analysis. Moreover, the considered system incorporates elements that they look to increase its adequacy to the real use in electrical utilities. The ample literature review achieved by the authors has showed that no analogous proposal was found. To validate the proposed system, the results of tests made on several power systems were described, including a real life Brazilian system of large dimensions. (author)

Basic strategies in the electric power industry in the new competitive environment; Estrategias basicas na industria de energia eletrica no novo ambiente competitivo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ribeiro Filho, Ary Pinto [Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica (ANEEL), Brasilia, DF (Brazil)]. E-mail: arypinto@aneel.gov.br; Moraes, Walter Fernando Araujo de [Pernambuco Univ., Recife, PE (Brazil)]. E-mail: wfam@npd.ufpe.br

1999-07-01

This work identifies the probable strategic characteristics of the interconnected North-Northeast Brazilian electricity industry, after the current restructuring and privatization process has been implemented. It is a 15.0 thousand MW generation industry supplying more than 33.5 million consumers. The normative scenery for analysis of the electricity industry takes into consideration the premises that the government establishes the vertical separation of generation, transmission, distribution and retailing, and introduces the regulation to a competitive industrial structure in generation and retailing. It is assumed that free access to transmit and distribute electricity and broad choices for consumers are the main features for competition in both generation and retailing. The essence of formulating strategy is to relate a company with its environment, considering the industrial structure. The probable generic strategies and industrial trends are presented, and considerations are made concerned with the future expansion capacity. Finally, in the new industrial structure which will settle after the deregulation and privatization, the main strategic issues of the companies will likely focus on: profitability, cost control, managerial competence, consumer behavior, and new technologies, in special the ones related to modern thermal power plants. (author)

Probable cases which gives ICMS credit in electric power tariffs; Estudo de casos passiveis de credito de ICMS em tarifas de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reis, Lindemberg Nunes; Pinto, Danilo Pereira; Oliveira, Angelo Rocha de

2006-07-01

There are laws and many forms of using them that are ignored by a great part of the population. In this work one of those laws is emphasised, the complementary law n. 102/2000 of 11/07/2000 (that changed the C.L. 87/1996), that concerns the credit of ICMS in electric power taxes. The main focus of the work is the way the law is put into practice, how it can be used , who is able to receive the support of this law and who is not, ways of decisions that justifies the validation and two studies of real cases of companies that already process credits in his bill. In those two studies of accomplished cases they will be demonstrated in an emphatic way as you accomplish them and its importance. One of the cases is a consumer of small load, of the tax group B, where there is only a way of accomplishing the study, in case it is framed in the debit regime and credit. Already the second study of cases is of a consumer of the tax group A, of blue seasonal hour tax. As a last proposal of this work is the one of verifying, with those two accomplished cases, the difference of the decision evidentiary between the two companies and in that consumer kind (of the group A or B), it is usually the largest index of restitution of ICMS. (author)

Statistical annual report 2008 - Furnas Electric Power Plants Inc. - Calendar year 2007; Anuario estatistico 2008 - Furnas Centrais Eletricas S.A. - Ano base 2007

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2008-07-01

This 30th edition of the statistical annual report of Furnas reports the performance of the company in 2007 and recent years allowing a general view on: Furnas system; production and supply; financial and economic data, personnel and indicators.

An overview of electric power microgeneration in Brazil and abroad; Uma visao geral da microgeracao de energia eletrica no Brasil e no exterior

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Filippo Filho, Guilherme [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Guaratingueta, SP (Brazil)

2011-11-15

The production of electricity in the small consumer installations, particularly made with environmentally friendly primary sources, increasingly gaining space. Several countries, including Brazil, has been reforming its regulations to increase the participation of microgeneration in the energy matrix. The article analyzes the laws and the evolution of the theme in the country and abroad, mainly in the UK.

An environment for operation planning of electrical energy distribution systems; Um ambiente para planejamento da operacao de sistemas de distribuicao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hashimoto, Kleber

1997-07-01

The aim of operation planning of electrical energy distribution systems is to define a group of interventions in the distribution network in a way to reach a global optimization. Both normal operation and emergency conditions are considered including scheduled interventions in the network. Under normal conditions, some aspects as voltage drop and loss minimization, for example, are considered; under emergency conditions, the minimization of non-distributed energy and interruption time are taken into account. This proposes the development of a computer environment for operation planning studies. The design and implementation of a specific operation planning database, based on a relational database model, was carried out so that new information modules could be easily included. A statistical approach has been applied to the load model including consumption habits and seasonal information, for each consumer category. A group of operation planning functions is proposed, which includes simulation modules responsible for system analysis. These functions and the database should be designed together. The developed computer environment allows the inclusion of new functions, due to the standardized query language used to access the database. Two functions have been implemented for illustration. The development of the proposed environment constitutes a step towards an open operation planning system, an integration with other information systems and an easy-to-use system based on graphical interface. (author)

Losses and unpaid bills in the electricity distribution activities in Brazil; Perdas e inadimplencia na atividade de distribuicao de energia eletrica no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Araujo, Antonio Carlos Marques de

2007-04-15

The main purpose of this paper is to deepen the discussion about the impact of the electrical losses and the unpayment of the correspondent bills in the Brazilian market of electricity distribution, by establishing the dimension of the problem and analysing the main physical, economic and social variables which explain the rambling occurrence of the phenomenon among the companies all over the country. The study was developed by using statistical models which made possible to built explaining models. Furthermore, the paper discusses the institutional treatment given to the issue by the Brazilian federal regulatory agency, under a tariff, technical and regulatory point, and comments the actions adopted by the companies to minimize the consequent revenue impact. Finally, conclusions and some suggestions are presented regarding complementary studies related to this field of knowledge. (author)

Ergonomic analyse of operation work in electric energy transmission substation; Analise ergonomica do trabalho de operacao de subestacoes de transmissao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Menegon, Nilton Luiz

1993-04-01

The activity by the workers in sub-stations which transmits and distributes electric energy is studied within the context of ergonomic, i.e., of its adequateness to the human being characteristics. In the introduction of this book the ideas of ergonomic related to the behaviour of the workers who works which continuous processes in control room are reviewed. The development of the ideas in this field as well as the methodology to be followed in this work are discussed. The technical system involving the activities of the workers in sub-station is presented. These activities are inserted within a broad context of the electric energy sector. An analysis concerning the problems in the ergonomic field which justifies the ergonomic intervention follows the previous study. The work situation is characterized. The formal organization of the work and its physical and cognitive demands are examined. The task is explained in detail. With the analysis of the activities based on the systematic observation of the work performed by the workers, we finish this study. Finely, a diagnosis of the work situation and the recommendations compromised whit the workers health and improvement of the performance is settled. (author) 27 refs., 26 figs.

Wholesale water market application for assured energy certificates allocation among hydroelectric power plants; Aplicacao de um mercado atacadista de agua para reparticao dos certificados de energia assegurada entre usinas hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pinto, Andre Dias

2007-09-15

The objective of this dissertation is to revise the methodology used in the calculation of assured energy certificates for hydro plants, in particular the relation among the objectives of reliability and market mechanisms with the certificates. The relationship between the economic signals provided by the market 'spot' of electricity with the certificates will be analyzed. It will be shown that the spot price payment does not provide the correct and necessary incentives for the energy certificates allocation in a cascade with agents belonging the different companies. Upstream reservoirs are not property compensated for the regulation of the energy production of the entire cascade and, as solution, alternative scheme to remunerate the water resources (wholesale water market) will be discussed. The assured energy certificates will be calculated with the proposed methodology and compared with nowadays practiced in the Brazilian system. (author)

Experience of Minas Gerais Energetic Company (CEMIG) in feasibility studies from hydroelectric power plants: energetic-economic studies; Experiencia da CEMIG em estudos de viabilidade de usinas hidreletricas: estudos energetico-economicos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ramos, O C; Bras, A J.F.; Batista Neto, R P; Salles Filho, M P [Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais (CEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

1990-12-31

The experience of Minas Gerais Energetic Company (CEMIG) - Brazil, on the use of dimensioning methodology for hydroelectric power plant from the Coordinated Group of Planning System was described, showing the problems with its use and the solutions, mainly the reservoir and the dimension of installed potential. It was concluded that the calculation procedures of the marginal costs for dimensioning, so as to become these costs more representative in future structure of the Brazilian generator park and less dependent to the oscillation due to conjuncture problems, must be re-evaluated. (C.G.C.). 7 refs, 3 figs, 1 tab.

The generation expansion planning of the Brazilian electric sector employing genetic algorithms; O planejamento da expansao da geracao do setor eletrico brasileiro utilizando os algoritmos geneticos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kazay, Heloisa Firmo

2001-07-01

The generation expansion-planning problem is a non-linear large-scale optimisation problem, which is even larger when it refers to the Brazilian system, and when one considers the multiple intervening uncertainty sources. To handle the complexity of the problem, decomposition schemes have been used. Usually, such schemes divide the expansion problem into two sub-problems: one related to the construction of new plants (investment sub-problem) and another dealing with the task of operating the system (operation sub-problem). This thesis proposes a genetic algorithm to solve the investment sub-problem. Initially, an analysis of the state of the art on the generation expansion planning and the field of the genetic algorithms are presented. Then follows a practical application of the proposed algorithm in a model of generation expansion planning under uncertainty. Finally, the results obtained in two case studies are presented and analysed. These results indicate that the proposed genetic algorithm is an effective alternative to the solution of the investment sub-problem. (author)

Simulation of a Nuclear Steam Supply System (NSSS) of a PWR nuclear power plant. Simulacao do sistema nuclear de geracao de vapor de uma central PWR

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reis Martins Junior, L.L. dos.

1980-01-01

The following work intends to perform the digital simulation, of the Nuclear Steam Supply System (NSSS) of a PWR nuclear power plant for control systems design and analysis purposes. There are mathematical models for the reactor, the steam generator, the pressurizer and for transport lags of the coolant in the primary circuit. Nevertheless no one control system has been considered to permit any user the inclusion in the more convenient way of the desired control systems' models. The characteristics of the system in consideration are fundamentally equal to the ones of Almirante Alvaro Alberto Nuclear Power Plant, Unit I (Angra I) obtained in the Final Safety Analysis Report at Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear. (author).

Hybrid solar-PLG system for industrial scale steam and hot water generation; Sistema hibrido solar-GLP para geracao de vapor e agua quente em escala industrial

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saidel, Marco A.; Monteiro, Marcio D.; Gimenes, Andre L.V.; Fujii, Ricardo J. [Universidade de Sao Paulo (GEPEA/EPUSP), SP (Brazil). Dept. Engenharia Energia e Automacao Eletricas. Grupo de Energia], e-mail: saidel@pea.usp.br, e-mail: marcio.monteiro@poli.usp.br, e-mail: gimenes@gmail.com, e-mail: fujii@gmail.com

2008-07-01

This paper presents an initiative conceived for attending to objectives of the PUREFA (Program for Rational Use of Energy and Alternative Sources) of the Sao Paulo university, Brazil. The indicative consists of the implantation of a solar collector system for pre-heating of the water used in the production of the steam consumed at the university restaurant, with a production of 5800 meals per day. This system (auxiliary to the original steam boiler) pre-heats the water of the boiler minimizing the energy expenses for the production of steam and hot water.

Radioactivity and radiogenic heat production in the oil field of the Reconcavo Basin; Radioatividade e geracao de calor radiogenico em pocos petroliferos na Bacia do Reconcavo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alves Junior, Paulo B.; Argollo, Roberto M. de [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil). Centro de Pesquisa em Geofisica e Geologia

2004-07-01

The production of radiogenic heat in the terrestrial crust is due mainly to U, Th and K presents in the rocks. In this work, we use the gamma-ray spectrometry technique to determine the contents of these elements in drill cuttings and obtaining profiles of heat production rates in oils wells of the Reconcavo basin. In the total, we measure 640 samples of drill cuttings from wells FFL-1 and MGP-34 ceded by PETROBRAS. The thorium contents vary from 1.6 to 25.5 ppm, the uranium contents varied from 0.5 to 5.82 ppm, the potassium samples varied from 0.05 to 2.25 % and the production rates of radiogenic heat varied among 0.50 to 10.85 10{sup -4} {mu}W kg{sup -1}. With the profiles heat production rates obtained, a correlation was verified among these rates and the lithologies at wells FFL-1 and MGP-34. These values will be used in the correlation between these samples at wells and the sample collected at blooming. (author)

Commutated inversor at low frequency for application of fuel cells in distributed generation; Inversor comutado em baixa frequencia para aplicacao de CaCs na geracao distribuida

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martins, Geomar Machado; Pomilio, Jose Antenor; Vendrusculo, Edson A. [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computacao], e-mail: antenor@dsce.fee.unicamp.br

2004-07-01

The connection of Fuel Cell Power Plants with the utility grid generally needs an electronic power converter for processing the locally generated power and injecting current into the system. Since the source provides a DC voltage, the converter must be able to produce a low-distortion, high-power factor AC current. This paper presents the results obtained with use of a three-phase and a single-phase inverter using low-frequency commutation. An auxiliary circuit is added to the inverter topologies in order to reduce the output voltage distortion, thus improving the current waveform. The main advantages of this approach are the minimization of the switching losses (i.e. high efficiency) and the elimination of the EMI (which avoids high-frequency filters necessary in high-frequency commutation inverters). (author)

Formulation of a projection model of electric power demand applied to isolated systems in natural development: the case of the brazilian electric company of Rondonia territory; Formulacao de um modelo de projecao de demanda de energia eletrica aplicado a sistemas isolados em desenvolvimento natural: o caso da CERON - Centrais Eletricas de Rondonia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dourado, Rosana Aparecida

2004-07-01

The Electricity inserts it self more than other services in the economy and in the Brasilian society resulting an increase of market of electrical energy more than that of economy e consequently in the national energy bases. Given the importance of the definition of the demand of electrical energy inside the development process of a region, the objective of this dissertation is to propose a model of forecasting energy demand applied to a small scale utility. With basing on the foundation that the electrical energy demand varies accordingly with the region, social levels and economical conditions and also the activities developed, the method utilized was a definition of a set of representative variables in this context, using the relation between the population an the number of residential consumers; consumption per residential consumer and the consumption structure of the residential segment over the total demand. The results with the application of the model utilizing this philosophy of the technique of modeling scenes, permitted the definition of electrical energy demand for the market of the Brazilian electric company CERON S.A. like a case study. (author)

The micro hydropower projects ({mu}HP) as alternative care in isolated communities: a case study; As microcentrais hidreletricas ({mu}CH) como alternativa de atendimento as comunidades isoladas: um estudo de caso

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tiago Filho, Geraldo Lucio; Gabetta, Jose Henrique; Campos, Bruno Thiago Lopes da Costa [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (CERPCH/UNIFEI), MG (Brazil). Inst. de Recursos Naturais. Centro Nacional de Referencia em Pequenas Centrais Hidreletricas

2006-07-01

The concept of micro hydropower plants ({mu}HP) is different and simpler than the small or large hydropower plants, which makes the necessary different actions for its implementation in relation to the bigger ones. This article presents the results of this energy model in the communities and its impact, moreover treating in a wider context, of the productive use of the energy for the community's improvement, seeking the preservation and improvement of its several resources, contributing to enhancement of the life quality, with seeks the sustainable development. This way, it is waited that the generated impacts are administered inside of a synergic and balanced atmosphere, under the pillars of social inclusion, environmental prudence and economical feasibility. (author)

Use of social communication as a tool for environmental licensing of small-scale hydroelectric power plants; Uso da comunicacao social como instrumento para o licenciamento ambiental de PCH - pequenas centrais hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tiago Filho, Geraldo Lucio [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil). Inst. de Recursos Naturais], e-mail: tiago@unifei.edu.br; Galhardo, Camila Rocha [Centro Nacional de Referencia em Pequenas Centrais Hidreletricas (CERPCH), MG (Brazil)], e-mail: pchnoticias@unifei.edu.br

2006-07-01

The present work intends to study the process of environmental licensing of the Small ones Central Hydroelectric (PCHs) through the rising of the legal framework of the referred process and to analyze the application of tools of social communication in the mitigation of the social impacts in the zone of influence of the enterprise. Through the analysis of the critical points in the environmental licensing of small hydroelectric uses and evaluation of communication actions taking in consideration the environmental costs for the enterprise. (author)

Evaluation of the environmental licensing process for small hydroelectric power plants in Minas Gerais state, Brazil; Avaliacao do processo de licenciamento ambiental para pequenas centrais hidreletricas no estado de Minas Gerais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pedreira, Adriana Coli

2004-07-01

The present situation of the environmental licensing process have been slow and complicated, in relation to the current conception of the sustainable environmental development in the country. The enterprises and impacting activities are being discussed and analysed through a great number of environmental laws and specific laws to each enterprise. These laws along with the inexperience of the enterprises and of the many institutions involved in the process are an obstacle to the development. This document presents the legal and institutional aspects of the environmental licensing for the implementation of small hydroelectric power plants. Laws and doctrine related to the topic were researched and concluded for Minas Gerais State with the help of a survey with the enterprises and institutions involved in the process to find out the difficulties that influence the delay of the analysis of the SHPP. The results show that the main barriers are the non-application of the CONAMA resolution 279/2001 to the SHPP, undetermined inspection criteria, excess of environmental programs, technical incapacity, lack of financial resources, non-integration of the institutional organs, the building of SHPP in permanent preservation area, project interfering in the fish fauna, studies an environmental impact with then reports and public audiences. Finally, concludes that the difficulties are based on the non-integration of the institutions and also, being recent, on the inexperience of the actors involved. Therefore, the study suggests on increase of the technical body in the institutions and training of their analysts; hiring of specialized consultancy, implantation of an environmental integrated system, social communication program in the planning phase, fulfillment of the CONAMA resolution 279/2001; integration of public ministry representatives in the licensing organs; application of planning and zoning, deadlines and legal imposition of these deadlines in order to supply the energetic demand and guarantee the sustainable development. (author)

Three-phase electronic power converter for photovoltaic system connected to power line; Conversor eletronico de potencia trifasico para sistema fotovoltaico conectado a rede eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Villalva, Marcelo Gradella

2010-10-15

This work is a contribution to the study of power converters for photovoltaic distributed generation systems. The main objective is to present the development and results of a three phase power converter for a grid-connected photovoltaic plant. The work presents experimental results and theoretical studies on the modeling and simulation of photovoltaic devices, regulation of the photovoltaic voltage, maximum power point tracking, and the modeling and control of a two-stage grid-connected power converter. (author)

Seasonal variation of prices of sugar cane, ethanol and electric power; Variacao estacional dos precos da cana-de-acucar, alcool combustivel e energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Melo, Carmem Ozana de; Silva, Gerson Henrique da; Bueno, Osmar de Carvalho [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil); Esperancini, Maura Seiko Tsutsui [Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrao, PR (Brazil)

2010-07-01

The aim of this study was to assess the seasonal price of sugar cane, fuel alcohol (hydrated and anhydrous) and electricity tariffs as a way of aiding tool for optimization of energy generation, using biomass originating from cane sugar. Using the method of moving average centered was concluded that cane and electricity rates were close to seasonal average, with low range of prices, suggesting the non-occurrence of seasonal variation in prices. Unlike the seasonal indices of ethanol showed seasonal variation of prices with greater amplitude of seasonal index. Thus, the results suggest that the utilization of by-products of sugar cane to produce electrical power points to the prospect of reducing risks associated with variations in the price of ethanol, thereby contributing to greater stability and possibility to those involved in planning alcohol sector. (author)

Avaliação de processo de revisão tarifaria pedriodica das concessionarias de distribuição de energia eletrica no Brasil

OpenAIRE

Julio Cesar Ferreira Sales

2009-01-01

Resumo: A dissertação tem origem nas avaliações da regulação econômica do setor de energia elétrica no Brasil, a partir do processo de revisão tarifária periódica implementada pela ANEEL que considera a metodologia de "reposicionamento tarifário". Essa metodologia acabou por gerar injustiças tarifárias com a elevação das tarifas dos consumidores das áreas de concessão economicamente menos desenvolvidas e redução das tarifas daquelas mais desenvolvidas. A identificação da condição inicial de e...

Program for conservation of electric energy, its developments and needs for consolidation; Programa de conservacao de energia eletrica, seus desdobramentos e necessidades para consolidacao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vianna, Luiz Gustavo de Vargas; Ramos, Maria Olivia de Souza; Pereira, Osvaldo Soliano [Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), BA (Brazil)

2010-07-01

The object of this article is to present the National Program for Conservation of Electric Energy (PROCEL), used in Brazil as a solution for the problems of rational use of electric energy by the federal government. It presents a brief history of its creation, several activities areas that it is proposing to act and some results obtained at the moment. It discusses the program's expectation and the potential gains, tracing a brief parallel with the National Plan of Climate Changes. The weak points are presented as suggestions for improvement. Other programs in different stages also are presented like a solution for the conservation of electric energy. Finally, the article presents the actual stage of discussions and actions from society in response to the question of the continuation of the conservation of electric energy's programs and its necessary improvement in Brazil. (author)

Dynamic preventive control of electric power systems through load shedding; Controle preventivo dinamico de sistemas de energia eletrica: formulacao atraves do corte de carga

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Righeto, Luzia F.P.; Minussi, Carlos R. [UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Eletrica

1997-12-31

This work presents a model to be used in Electric Power System preventive control, taking into account the dynamic network aspects, the effects caused by great oscillations in the synchronous machines angles (transient stability), electric equipment outages, short-circuit, etc. The energy function will be used as a form of measure the system stability degree using a criterion defined as security margin. The used control action will be the load shedding. (author) 16 refs.; e-mail: minussi at dee.feis.unesp.br

Analysis methodology of power generation/cogeneration designs in VNG (Vehicular Natural Gas) stations; Metodologia de analise de projetos de geracao/cogeracao em postos GNV (Gas Natural Veicular)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Romanos, Rafael Reami [Companhia de Gas de Santa Catarina (SCGAS), Florianopolis, SC (Brazil)

2008-07-01

This work presents the methodology for analysis of generation/cogeneration projects in NGV filling stations, determining the influence of critical parameters in its technical-economic viability. To achieve this methodology, it was necessary to define parameters that influence directly or indirectly the size of a generating system, as the total electric demand of the filling station, ratio (power of the compressor) / (total installed power), load factor, factor of simultaneity, technical data of major equipment, among others. The methodology has been validated by comparing with data measured in a NGV filling station and allows screening and identifying customers with technical feasibility to evolve in a generation or cogeneration project. The cogeneration with NG generators was highlighted during the analysis of the NGV filling stations and was feasible for establishments which have large thermal demand, as filling stations along the road with large amounts of electric showers in changing rooms. (author)

Potential generation of carbon credits from landfill in the municipalities of Bahia, Brazil; Potencial de geracao de creditos de carbono a partir de aterro nos municipios baianos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Naponucena, Alisson Cardoso; Paternostro, Andre de Goes [Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), BA (Brazil)], email: acnaponucena@yahoo.com.br, e-mail: apater@hotmail.com

2008-07-01

This article presents the viability of municipalities with population over 150 thousand inhabitants, or a collection rate of municipal solid waste over the 150 ton/day, to submit the project to reduce emission of greenhouse gases. The project should be submitted to the Interministerial Climate Change Commission in order to receive the credits arising from such activity. To this end were used, as a basis, the projects already approved by Commission to check the values of investments and to estimate emissions from the population of a municipality considered the equation 5.3 of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (author)

Comparative analysis of cost benefit division methodologies in a hydrothermal generation system; Analise comparativa de metodologias de reparticao de custos e beneficios num sistema de geracao hidrotermico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pereira, M V.F. [Pontificia Univ. Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Gorenstin, B G; Campodonico, N M; Costa, J.P. da; Kelman, J [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

1990-12-31

The development and operation planning of the Brazilian generation system has been realized in a coordinate way by several years, due to some organizations, where the main generating companies from the country take part. The benefit share of the system to each participant of the planning and integrated operation has aroused interest. This paper describes the alternate forms of cost benefit allocation, between the participant companies of a coordinate operation, in order to reach an adequateness of remuneration and incentives. It was analysed two proposal of benefit allocation for energy export/import contracts: share by generation value and share by marginal benefit, concluding that the second one represents the best way of contribution for the several factors that comprising a hydroelectric power plant (storage capacity, effective storage and turbine capacity). (C.G.C.). 1 tab.

Experimental energetic analysis of gas natural-powered fuel cell cogeneration plant; Analise energetica experimental de uma planta de co-geracao com celulas a combustivel e gas natural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Furtado, Jose G.M.; Lopes, Francisco C.; Silva Junior, Fernando R.; Soares, Guilherme F.W.; Serra, Eduardo T. [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

Power systems based on fuel cells have been considered for residential and commercial applications in energy Distributed Generation (DG) market as these systems can minimize their acquisition, installation and operation high costs. In this work we present an experimental analysis of a power generation system formed by a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell unit and a natural gas reformer (fuel processor) for hydrogen production, of the CEPEL's Fuel Cell Laboratory. It was determined the electrical performance of the cogeneration system in function of the design and operational power plant parameters. Additionally, it was verified the influence of the activation conditions of the fuel cell electrocatalytic system on the system performance. It also appeared that the use of hydrogen produced from the natural gas catalytic reforming provided the system operation in excellent electrothermal stability conditions resulting in increase of the energy conversion efficiency and of the economy of the cogeneration power plant. The maximum electrical efficiency achieved was around 38% and in all power range unit operated with average potential per single fuel cell higher than 0.60 V. (author)

Planning and administration of human resources in Brazilian Electric Power Companies; Planejamento e administracao de recursos humanos nas empresas brasileiras do setor de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dias, Devanir Vieira

1985-12-01

Administration and planning of human resources in Brazilian Companies of Electric Power Sector analyzes the evolution of the concept of business planning. This work explore the specific literature of this theme, giving emphasis in predict methods and human resources development and planning models. Is also presented a case study, realized in 1979, which comprehended 84 % of Brazilian Energy Companies. This study aims to evaluate the results of an implementation of this planning and development models 64 refs., 12 figs., 22 tabs.

Performance analysis of the PLC (Power Line Communication) in medium voltage electrical networks; Analise de desempenho de sistemas PLC em redes eletricas de media tensao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mota, A.A.; Paleta, R. [Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), SP (Brazil)], E-mail: amota@puc-campinas.edu.br; Mota, L.T.M.; Ricardo, R.A. [Indelmatec Engenharia, Campinas, SP (Brazil)], E-mail: mota@indelmatec.com.br

2009-07-01

Nowadays, the information access in communication networks is widely explored due to the increase of Internet users. In this context, the PLC (Power Line Communication) technology is an alternative for data transmission. This technology is based on the usage of transmission/distribution power lines for data transmission. However there are some problems related to the usage of this technology: adequate data transmission rates and generation of acceptable levels of electromagnetic interference (EMI). This work had the objective of studying the performance of PLC systems in medium voltage electrical networks, through the assess of data transmission rates and the generated EMI. Tests were carried out in a test field that corresponded to a medium voltage electrical network and the obtained results show that, under some circumstances, the PLC system does not reach the existent technical recommendations. (author)

Decomposition analysis of the variations in household electricity consumption in Brazil; Analise de decomposicao das variacoes no consumo de energia eletrica no setor residencial brasileiro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Achao, Carla da Costa Lopes

2009-09-15

Introduced at the end of the 1970s to study the impacts of structural changes on electricity consumption by industry, index decomposition analysis techniques have been extended to various other areas to help in the formulation of energy policies, notably in developed countries. However, few authors have applied these techniques to study the evolution of energy consumption in developing countries. In Brazil, the few available studies have focused only on the industrial sector. In this thesis, we apply the decomposition technique called the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) to electricity consumption of the Brazilian residential sector, to explain its evolution in terms of the activity, structure and intensity affects, over the period from 1980 to 2007. The results obtained in a preliminary analysis point out, in a general way, that the observed variables in electricity consumption in the Brazilian residential sector are, mainly, the product of the increase in the number of consumers and the changes in the specific consumption of electricity in households. In a further analysis, carried out when the structure is given through consumers participation in consumption categories (Low Income and Conventional) taken from an overall point of view, although the intensity and activity effects may be considered the main explaining factors in consumption variation, the structure effect stands out in the period immediately after the 2001 rationing, as a reflect of the changes in the inclusion criteria in the Low Income category, specifically in the Northeast. (author)

Analysis of the electrical bills of residential consumers: tax and economic aspects; Analise da fatura de energia eletrica de consumidores residenciais: aspectos economicos e tributarios

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reis, Lindemberg Nunes; Pinto, Danilo Pereira [Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, MG (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia], e-mail: lnunesreis@yahoo.com.br, e-mail: danilo.pinto@ufjf.edu.br

2008-07-01

Residential consumers represent a significant part of the market of electric energy and are increasing by deriving tributes of the tariff of energy. These consumers are uninformed about the abuses that happen to them. This work has as objective to analyze and to argue the behavior of the tariffs of energy in the period of 2002 the 2006, demonstrating the occurred increases and pointing a relation enters the rise of the price of this energy and the increase of the number of clandestine linkings and difficulty to hold the basics statements of actually electrical regiments. ANEEL's data show that in 1995 the tariff for class residential was R$ 76.26 and industrial was R$ 43.59; in 2003 passed respectively to R$ 236.34 and R$ 110.48. This analysis is directly related to the difficulty of obtaining a national energy management totally sustainable. (author)

Simulator for training operators of electric substation: an approach via RBC-Paraconsistent; Simulador para treinamento de operadores de subestacao eletrica: um enfoque via RBC-paraconsistente

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lambert-Torres, G.; Martins, H.G.; Coutinho, M.P.; Goulart, J.D.C.; Soares, F.M.A. [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Eletrica], Emails: germanoltorres@gmail.com, helgagonzaga@gmail.com, maurilio.coutinho@gmail.com, janaina157@yahoo.com.br, francis.azevedo@gmail.com

2009-07-01

This article presents a combination of two techniques applied artificial intelligence to solve problems to Restoration of an Electric Substation: Casebased Reasoning - CBR and the Four Values Annotated Paraconsistent Logic - 4vAPL. The process occurs in the connection functions of belief, disbelief, specialty and temporality to LPA4v in the retrieval of cases to determine process diagnostic of an RBC. The field of CBR is applied in a recovery of an electric substation. The LPA4v is the support applied in problems that have inconsistent information, partials and undefined. Thus this study is closer of the real situations.

Kyoto protocol and cogeneration in rural areas: institutional and organizational configuration and perspectives; Protocolo de Kyoto e co-geracao no meio rural: configuracao institucional e organizacional e perspectivas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza, Zilmar Jose de; Azevedo, Paulo Furquim de [Fundacao Getulio Vargas (EESP/FGV), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Escola de Economia de Sao Paulo], e-mails: zilmar.souza@energiasdobrasil.com.br, pfa@fgvsp.br

2006-07-01

This article presents a brief historical record concerning the Brazilian institutional arrangement given to the Kyoto Protocol and, based on the Brazilian emissions profile, discusses general perspectives to the use of the CDM, mainly in projects involving co-generation in the agricultural sector. It is observed high uncertainty about the liquidity and development of the carbon credit market, above all, with reference to the definition of the second period of the Kyoto Protocol commitments. Even so, with the consolidation of the institutional environment, the carbon credit market must become favorable to the projects of co-generation in agricultural sector, especially in countries as Brazil. (author)

Difficulties for innovation in energy technology development: thermoelectric generation with vegetable oils; As dificuldades para a inovacao em rotas tecnologicas de desenvolvimento energetico: geracao termeletica com oleos vegetais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Melo, Jose Antonio Sales de [Universidade de Brasilia (UNB-CDS), DF (Brazil). Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentavel

2008-07-01

Analysis of the vegetable oil as energy source, observing the troubles caused by technology innovation insertion in the Brazilian Electrical Matrix by the use of renewable alternative energy sources while competing with the products and systems' market leaders that use fossil sources. (author)

Technological evaluation of fuel cells using natural gas for distributed power generation; Avaliacao tecnologica da utilizacao de gas natural em celulas a combustivel para geracao distribuida de energia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brandao, Mauricio O. [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Programa de Engenharia Mecanica; Giannini, Marcio P.; Arouca, Mauricio C. [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Programa de Planejamento Energetico

2004-07-01

The search for sustainable and more rational means of power generation motivates the scientific crew to search for more efficient and cleaner systems. Oil dependence becomes from the kind of development that the humanity had and cannot be dismissed. The question is how to use this source in a more intelligent way. Fuel Cells are electrochemical devices that convert into electric energy the chemical energy from oxi-reduction reactions between a fuel and an oxidant. The current fuel used in a Fuel Cell is hydrogen and oxygen is the oxidant. The great advantage of this device is its efficiency, higher than the one achieved with internal combustion engines. Also Fuel Cells are not limited by Carnot's efficiency. This paper is about the implementation of a distributed generation system using Fuel Cells. Technical aspects are approached together with economical and environmental needs. The already existence of Gas pipelines and the grown production of Natural Gas presented by Brazil turns it into a good market for the implementation of this energy source. The evaluation of this paper shows that is technically possible to use NG in Fuel Cells, mostly in South and Southeast regions, applying the distributed generation of energy concept. The most interesting in a strategic manner is that Brazil already have an indication that it's capable of developing this technology, opening a new market tuning with world's new technological developments. Many research centers develop this technology, not only from the cell composition itself, but also manufacturing techniques. (author)

Inclusion of environmental costs on a long-term expansion model of hydrothermal generation systems; Insercao dos custos ambientais em um modelo de expansao da geracao a longo prazo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos Henrique Luz

2008-02-15

This dissertation presents the development of a mathematical model to be used in the hydrothermal generation expansion planning taking into account uncertainties, the guarantee of energy supply and issues related to the social and environmental problems caused by the power sector. Named 'MELP Ambiental', it is a version of MELP, a model developed by Machado Junior (2000). The environmental valuation was based on results of previous studies. The analysis of the environmental costs scenarios showed that the inclusion of a variable linked to externalities implies in changes on the investment schedule. These changes decrease the total cost (economic and environmental) related to long-term power supply expansion. (author)

Co-generation and thermometrical power generation feasibility and perspectives for the sugar-alcohol sector; Viabilidade e perspectivas da cogeracao e da geracao termoeletrica junto ao setor sucro-alcooleiro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Walter, Arnaldo Cesar da Silva

1994-11-01

This work deals with cogeneration and independent power production and, more specifically, with the feasibility and perspectives of these technologies in the Brazilian sugar-cane industry. In the first part of thesis, cogeneration and independent power production are assessed as decentralised power generation options. Some aspects of these technologies are identified, as the conditions in which they have developed in recent years, world-wide, and how they have been dealt with in the institutional structural changes under way in the public owned electric power sector in several countries. In the second part, the Brazilian sector and the sugar-cane industry are evaluated. The organisational structure of the electric power sector, the reasons of its institutional and financial crises and some structural changes proposals are discussed. In the other hand, the sugar-cane industry is studied according to the following aspects: its expansion in recent years, the concentration of the production, the alcohol production costs and why some degree of production diversification in this industrial branch is desirable. Several technological alternatives that allow a large scale electricity production in the sugar and alcohol sector are examined in the final part of this thesis. A simulation procedure was specially developed in this thesis and applied to a typical sugar and alcohol plant. With the help of this simulation procedure, technical and economic evaluations were carried out and the best alternatives are identified. Finally, their potential was calculated for the sugar-cane industry in the State of Sao Paulo, considering the possible expansion of the sugar and alcohol production and the mills that are amore appropriate to respond for this increase. The large scale electric power generation from sugar-cane by-products is an option that can bring about some advantages for the public owned electric power sector, as well for the sugar-cane one. As a matter of fact, looking from a social of view, a larger number of advantages can be identified for the society as a whole. Despite the present constraints, the perspectives are good, specially in an environment of more competition in the electric sector and in the sugar-cane industry. (author) 161 refs., 54 figs., 30 tabs.

Study of technical and economic feasibility of a manufacturing briquettes for energy generation; Estudo da viabilidade tecnico-economica de uma fabrica de briquetes para fins de geracao energetica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Claudinei Augusto da; Simoes, Andre Felipe [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEM/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica], Emails: claudinei@fem.unicamp.br, afsimoes@fem.unicamp.br; Felfli, Felix Fonseca; Mesa Perez, Juan Miguel [Bioware Tecnologia, Campinas SP (Brazil); Rocha, Jose Dilcio [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (NIPE/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Nucleo Interdisciplinar de Planejamento Energetico

2006-07-01

Current scenario indicates that renewable energy sources are expected to play an increasingly important role in the world energy matrix, mainly due to a potential reduction of fossil fuel reserves and environment issues. In this context, the use of alternative energy sources, specifically biomass briquettes, shows up as a great opportunity. However, it is known that an economic feasibility assessment for the project depends on decision-making factors such as equipment, labor and material implementation. All costs and investments were calculated. A company headquartered in the city of Tiete, Sao Paulo State, analyzed the total costs of implementing a high density briquette factory. Tow scenarios were considered. In scenario 1, with tax exemption, the Net Present Value (NPV) is positive and the Intern Rate of Return is 16,9%, is an economic feasible scenario. Scenario 2, with no tax exemption, is not economically feasible, the NPV is negative and the Intern Rate Return is 13,9%, lower than 15.0% of the minimum rate of investor attractiveness. (author)

Economic viability in concrete dams by multivariable regression tool for implantation of small hydroelectric plants; Viabilidade economica em barragens de concreto pela ferramenta de regressao multivariavel para implantacao de pequenas centrais hidreletrica (PCH)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lima, Reginaldo Agapito de [Centro Universitario de Itajuba, MG (Brazil)], email: reginaldo_agapito@yahoo.com.br; Ribeiro Junior, Leopoldo Uberto [Voltalia Energia do Brasil, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)], email: leopoldo_junior@yahoo.com.br

2010-07-01

For implantation of a SHP, the barrage is the main structure where its sizing represents from 30% - 50% of general cost of civil works. Considering this it is very important to have a fast, didactic and accurate tool for elaborating a budget, also allowing a quantitative analysis of inherent cost for civil building of barrages concrete made for small hydropower plants. In face of this, the multi changing regression tool is very important as it allows a fast and correct establishing of preliminary costs, even approximate, for estimates of barrages in concrete cost, enabling to ease the budget, guiding feasibility decisions for selecting or neglecting new alternatives of fall. (author)

The current situation of SHPs (small-scale hydroelectric power plant) in the Southeast and Northeast regions of Brazil; O panorama atual das PCHs (pequenas centrais hidreletricas) na regiao sudeste e nordeste do Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tiago Filho, Geraldo Lucio [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil). Inst. de Recursos Naturais; Stano Junior, Angelo [PCH Luiz Dias, Itajuba, MG (Brazil); Campos, Bruno Thiago Lopes da Costa; Silva, Evilene Santos [Centro Nacional de Referencia em Pequenas Centrais Hidreletricas (CERPCH), Itajuba, MG (Brazil)], Emails: tiago@unifei.edu.br, stano@unifei.edu.br, brunoloppez@unifei.edu.br, evilene@unifei.edu.br

2006-07-01

With the recent changes in the regulatory mark and also with the creation of the market of Brazilian energy, it reappears the Small Hydro Power Plant - SHP's economic strategic for the decentralizes generation to the attendance of small consuming centers. This article presents the current situation of SHP's in the Southeast and Northeast areas of the Country, besides treating in a wider context, of the need of investments in power generation starting from this renewable energy model for attendance of some communities of those areas that still lack of this benefit. The electrification process should not be seen only by the optics of the financial attractiveness, because an important part of rural homes still exists without light, but also as a social investment, capable to rescue citizenship to take education and respect to the rural communities of those areas. (author)

Planning under uncertainties paradigm - application to electric power distribution systems planning; Paradigma de planejamento sob incertezas - aplicacao ao planejamento dos sistemas de distribuicao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bianchi Junior, Alberto

1996-12-31

In this work it is presented an original methodology of multistage planning, with conflictive objectives and restrictions, incorporating the concept of uncertainties. To do so, the proposed paradigm is based on the Dynamic Programming which comprehends the multistage subject to conflictive restrictions; on the Fuzzy Sets Theory, through the decisions and fuzzy numbers, which model the uncertainties and ambiguous decisions referent to qualitative variables; and on the consideration of evolutional rules associated to network flow algorithm. In its conceptual elaboration, the paradigm is developed in a very ample way, of generalized application to a well defined class of planning problems Particularly, the model fits in the flexible planning, which has been very discussed in the recent literature. Flexible planning must be understood as the one which allows to the planner, under well-defined limits, the evaluation of the planning policy composed by strips of options (discreet or continuous), associated to uncertainty levels related to the real world. In order to validate and consolidate the theoretic concepts, it was elaborated an algorithm turned to the aggregated planning of the distribution of electric energy, that presents intrinsic characteristics which are perfectly fitted in the paradigm`s applicability. (author) 41 refs., 26 figs., 36 tabs.

Fuzzy logic applied to the control of the energy consumption in intelligent buildings; Logica fuzzy aplicada ao controle do consumo de energia eletrica em edificios inteligentes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Costa, Herbert R. do N.

1998-02-01

This work shows a study on the using of fuzzy control algorithms for the energy optimization of a standard building. The simulation of this type of control was performed using a central conditioned air model and the fuzzy control architecture already used in various control projects. This situation allowed a comparative study among the the control algorithms normally used in conditioned air installations, and the control performed through the building automation system, using an algorithm based on fuzzy logic.

Planning under uncertainties paradigm - application to electric power distribution systems planning; Paradigma de planejamento sob incertezas - aplicacao ao planejamento dos sistemas de distribuicao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bianchi, Junior, Alberto

1997-12-31

In this work it is presented an original methodology of multistage planning, with conflictive objectives and restrictions, incorporating the concept of uncertainties. To do so, the proposed paradigm is based on the Dynamic Programming which comprehends the multistage subject to conflictive restrictions; on the Fuzzy Sets Theory, through the decisions and fuzzy numbers, which model the uncertainties and ambiguous decisions referent to qualitative variables; and on the consideration of evolutional rules associated to network flow algorithm. In its conceptual elaboration, the paradigm is developed in a very ample way, of generalized application to a well defined class of planning problems Particularly, the model fits in the flexible planning, which has been very discussed in the recent literature. Flexible planning must be understood as the one which allows to the planner, under well-defined limits, the evaluation of the planning policy composed by strips of options (discreet or continuous), associated to uncertainty levels related to the real world. In order to validate and consolidate the theoretic concepts, it was elaborated an algorithm turned to the aggregated planning of the distribution of electric energy, that presents intrinsic characteristics which are perfectly fitted in the paradigm`s applicability. (author) 41 refs., 26 figs., 36 tabs.

Implantation of a program of conservation and quality of electric power at UNICAMP; Implantacao de um programa de conservacao e qualidade de energia eletrica na UNICAMP

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, Caio Gomes de; Sato, Fujio; Ruppert Filho, Ernesto; Kubo, Marcio Massakiti [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (NIPE/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computacao], e-mail: caio@dsee.fee.unicamp.br, e-mail: sato@dsee.fee.unicamp.br, e-mail: ruppert@dsce.fee.unicamp.br, e-mail: massakit@dsce.fee.unicamp.br

2008-07-01

This paper describes the results of the electrical energy conservation and power quality evaluation done in the University of Campinas (UNICAMP) in Sao Paulo State, Brazil through the Project named Ecogera. The analysis was based on the electrical signals acquired using measurement and energy management instruments. The replacement of the old lightning system using 40 W old fashion fluorescent bulbs mounted on non reflective fixtures by new energy save fluorescent bulbs mounted on reflective fixtures reduced expressively the electrical energy consumption and the installation electrical power demand. The measurements allowed to know the details of harmonic distortions and disturbances that affect the voltage magnitude. (author)

Efficiency of the monocrystalline photovoltaic modules in conversion solar radiation into electrical energy; Eficiencia de modulos fotovoltaicos monocristalinos na conversao de radiacao solar em energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Carliane Diniz e [Universidade Estadual do Maranhao (UEMA), Sao Luis, MA (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Agricola], Email: carlianeds@yahoo.com.br; Seraphim, Odivaldo Jose [Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCA/UNESP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas. Dept. de Engenharia Rural], Email: seraphim@fca.unesp.br

2006-07-01

With the scarcity of the conventional sources of energy production, other options must be considered, as the use of energy resources you renewed, that they offer to multiple advantages. One of the options to the supply of energy of the agricultural users is the photovoltaic solar systems for the local promotion of the quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate two marks of monocrystalline photovoltaic modules in different angles of inclination. The modules had presented low efficiency of conversion in conditions of field for incident solar radiation. (author)

Development and testing of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for stationary generation; Desenvolvimento e ensaios de uma celula a combustivel de polimero solido (PEMFC) para geracao estacionaria

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ellern, Mara; Boccuzzi, Cyro Vicente [ELETROPAULO, Sao Caetano, SP (Brazil)], e-mail: mara.ellern@aes.com; Ett, Gerhard; Saiki, Gerson Yukio; Janolio, Gilberto [ELECTROCELL, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Jardini, Jose Antonio [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil)

2004-07-01

PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell uses a simple chemical reaction to combine hydrogen and oxygen into water, producing electric current in the process. It works something like reversed electrolysis: at the anode, hydrogen molecules give up electrons, forming hydrogen ions (this process is made possible by the platinum catalyst). The proton exchange membrane allows protons to flow through, but not electrons. As a result, the hydrogen ions flow directly through the proton exchange membrane to the cathode, while the electrons flow through an external circuit. As they travel to the cathode through the external circuit, the electrons produce electrical current. At the cathode, the electrons and hydrogen ions combine with oxygen to form water. In a fuel cell, hydrogen's natural tendency to oxidize and form water produces electricity and useful work. No pollution is produced and the only byproducts are water and heat. The huge advance on materials development combined with the growth demand of lower impact on environment is placing the fuel cells on the top of the most promising technologies world-wide. They are becoming in medium term feasible alternatives for energy generators up to energy plants of few MW. (author)

Energy generation for sustainable development with innovation technology and utilization of biomass residue; Geracao de energia para o desenvolvimento rural sustentavel com inovacao tecnologica de aproveitamento de biomassa residual

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fernandes, Maria Roseane de Pontes; Lopes, Carlos Eduardo Bezerra; Costa Neto, Manoel Bezerra da; Selvam, P.V. Pannir [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil)

2004-07-01

In the present work, the introduction of alternative energy of biogas in agricultural communities for the sustainable development was studied through exploitation of residual biomass and also getting as by-product the biological fertilizer. A fast composting of the domestic residue with the organic was made possible where part of this residue after processing was taken together with effluent to the biodigestor. The bibliographical research on the processes of generation of biogas, about composting and the equipment for processing had been carried through. The projects Engineering with the use of computational tools had been developed with the Software Super Pro 4,9 Design and ORC GPEC 2004 by our research group. Five case studies had been elaborated, where different scenes related with our innovation, that uses of the residue for the composting together with domestic effluent for digestion. Several economic parameters were obtained and our work proved the viability about the use of biogas for drying of the fruits banana. A economic feasibility study was carried where it was proven that the project with the innovation of the use of residues from the fruits possesses more advantages than the conventional system of drying using electric energy. Considering the viability of this process and the use solar energy, it is intended to apply this technology in rural agricultural communities providing them an energy source of low cost in substitution of the conventional energy. (author)

Study of a fuel cell insertion in a hybrid system for energy generation; Estudo da insercao de celula a combustivel integrada a sistema hibrido de geracao de eletricidade isolado

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vale, Silvio Bispo do; Bezerra, Ubiratan Holanda; Pinho, Joao Tavares; Pereira, Edinaldo Jose da Silva [Universidade Federal do Para (UFPA), Belem, PA (Brazil). Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Eletrica. Grupo de Estudo e Desenvolvimento em Alternativas Energeticas

2004-07-01

This paper presents a case study of a fuel cell (FC) insertion in a small hybrid system for energy generation composed by wind (10 kW), photovoltaic (3,2 kW) and diesel (20 kVA) generations, making computer simulations in order to evaluate the contribution of each one of the energy-supply systems involved. This paper intends to contribute for the establishment of parameters to measure the technical and economic viability for using such isolated hybrid systems, trying in the future several combinations of models to hybridize the energy generation in Amazon isolated villages, making easier the use of local energy resources. (author)

Analyzing natural gas distribution in Brazil through EVA (Economic Value Added); Analise economico-financeira da industria de distribuicao de gas natural brasileiro sob a otica da geracao de valor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marques, Fernando Rodrigues; Parente, Virginia [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil). Inst. de Eletrotecnica e Energia

2008-07-01

Although the Brazilian gas market has been showing steady growth and positive news regarding new discoveries, it is not immune to be questioned about its capacity of value generation, and, in particular, if the new companies, operating in distribution have generated it. Value creation, and its management, has become one of the main activities of the modern corporation in order to align the management and shareholders interests. Despite its advancements, the Brazilian NG industry can be considered at its early stages when compared to those of other countries whose industry is more traditional and mature. The process of unbundling of the gas industry, as well as of the public utilities, has become one of the icons of the Brazilian government policies since the mid 90's. Taking into account regulatory change which had only allowed in the last couple of decades the participation of private ownership into the domestic gas market, a follow up of these companies' performances is of interest. Following the concept of value generation, the present study examines the Brazilian gas distribution sector. Based on a detailed analysis of the financial statements of some of the main companies in the sector, that together represent around 68% of the total Brazilian market, this paper verifies whether the gas distribution sector have presented a positive or negative EVA{sup R}, in other words, if, during the period from 2002 to 2007, these newly companies in the gas industry have created or destroyed value in Brazil. (author)

A program for assisting automatic generation control of the ELETRONORTE using artificial neural network; Um programa para assistencia ao controle automatico de geracao da Eletronorte usando rede neuronal artificial

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brito Filho, Pedro Rodrigues de; Nascimento Garcez, Jurandyr do [Para Univ., Belem, PA (Brazil). Centro Tecnologico; Charone, Junior, Wady [Centrais Eletricas do Nordeste do Brasil S.A. (ELETRONORTE), Belem, PA (Brazil)

1994-12-31

This work presents an application of artificial neural network as a support to decision making in the automatic generation control (AGC) of the ELETRONORTE. It uses a software to auxiliary in the decisions in real time of the AGC. (author) 2 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

Comparative analysis of the use of biomass with conventional generation technologies by applying eco-efficiency; Analise comparativa da utilizacao da biomassa com tecnologias convencionais de geracao aplicando eficiencia ecologica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lora, Electo Eduardo Silva [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil)], e-mail: electo@unifei.eu.br; Salomon, Karina Ribeiro [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil). Nucleo de Estudos em Sistemas Termicos], e-mail: karinas@unifei.edu.br

2004-07-01

The world's concern regarding the reduction atmospheric emissions, due to the global warming, it is a subject that is being quite discussed. A parameter that evaluates the environmental impact considering the emissions of CO{sub 2}, SO{sub x}, NO{sub x} and PM in an integral way and comparing to the international air quality standards that are in force is called ecological efficiency ({epsilon}). This paper intends to compare environmental impacts of the atmospheric pollution due to technologies that use the biomass as fuel with conventional and advanced technologies of electricity generation. It is also evaluated the advantages of the use of the cogeneration starting from the biomass. The most important results that were obtained are comparative graphs confirming that the use of the biomass as energy source is a good option from the ecological point of view, when pollution control methods are used. (author)

Environmental Impact Report from Santa Rita Hydroelectric Power Plant (Minas Gerais State - Brazil): technical strategic for its elaboration; Relatorio de Impacto Ambiental da Usina Hidreletrica da Santa Rita (MG): estrategica tecnica para sua elaboracao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza, J.A. de; Marques Neto, F P [Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais (CEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

1990-12-31

The steps for developing the technical strategies used on the elaboration of Environmental Impact Report from Santa Rita Hydroelectric Power Plant, Minas Gerais State, are described, including the influence area, technical requirements, impact identification, technical selection of mitigative measures, impact meaning and strategy for evaluating the identified impacts. (C.G.C.).

Application of total quality tools in the operational process modernization and optimization of large hydroelectric power plants; Aplicacao de ferramentas da qualidade total na modernizacao e otimizacao de processos operacionais de grandes usinas hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Potenza, Luiz Frederico; Kassem, Faisal Ali; Medlo, Gerson Ricardo; Santos, Valdemir Chalito dos [Companhia Paranaense de Energia (COPEL), Capitao Leonidas Marques, PR (Brazil). Superintendencia de Gerencia da Manutencao. Area de Operacao e Manutencao Salto Caxias]. E-mail: potenza@mail.copel.br

1998-07-01

This work highlights a practical example of Total Quality tools application, and as the institutional changes advances, the necessity of being better and more competitive becomes evident. By using Total Quality Control tools in the modernization and optimization of operational processes for large hydroelectric power plants of the COPEL-Brazil this work contributes for the continuous increasing of the customers satisfaction and the profitability of the company.

Comparison between Brazilian and Portuguese energy sceneries considering the importance of small hydroelectric power plants; Comparacao entre os cenarios energeticos brasileiros e portugueses considerando-se a implantacao de PCH's - Pequenas Centrais Hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mariotoni, Carlos Alberto [Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica]. E-mail: cam@fec.unicamp.br; Mauad, Frederico Fabio [Sao Paulo Univ., Sao Carlos, SP (Brazil). Escola de Engenharia. Dept. de Hidraulica e Saneamento

2000-07-01

Both the Brazilian and the Portuguese energy systems have been subject of several transformations along the last years. That happened mainly because the re-definition of the electric sectors what makes possible the flexibility of the energy commercialization. There is another important point to be mentioned what is related to the end of the market monopoly before established by ELETROBRAS - Brazilian Electricity Generation Board and by EDP - Electricity of Portugal, determining a new relationship among the energy produces and consumers. A free market law to the energy sellers and buyers has been introduced. Therefore the businessman have been stimulated to invest in new energy sources and new energy power plants to get bigger profits as well as the consumers have been pushed to fight for lower prices and better qualities. Both the Brazilian and Portuguese Governments must keep the decision power to establish the national energy plans to get the country economic targets and to avoid the economic abuses and cartelization. The discussion presented aims to analyze the importance of the small hydroelectric power plants in both the Brazilian and the Portuguese electric systems considering the economic aspects and the social and environmental impacts. The recent modifications established by both national agencies of energy regulations: ANEEL (Brazil) - National Agency of Electric Power Companies and INAG (Portugal) - National Institute of Water, have been discussed in this paper. (author)

Hydroelectric modelling of the Paraiba do Sul and Jequitinhonha rivers sub-basins by using the VALORAGUA computer program; Modelagem hidreletrica das sub bacias dos rios Paraiba do Sul e Jequitinhonha utilizando o programa VALORAGUA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferreira, Vinicius Verna Magalhaes; Aronne, Ivan Dionysio [Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)]. E-mails: vvmf@urano.cdtn.br; aroneid@urano.cdtn.br; Martinez, Carlos Barreira; Versiani, Bruno Rabelo [Minas Gerais Univ., Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Escola de Engenharia. Dept. de Engenharia Hidraulica e Recursos Hidricos]. E-mail: martinez@cce.ufmg.br; versiani@ehr.ufmg.br

2002-07-01

This work presents a modelling of 50 hydroelectric power plants in the East Atlantica hydro graphic basin, operating, under construction or as basic projects. The simulations are performed by using the VALORAGUA computer code, developed by the EDP - Eletricidade de Portugal. The studies concentrate mostly on the sub basins of the Jequitinhonha and Paraiba do Sul rivers. The study includes the thermal power plants existent on the same geographical region. Some obtained results such as capacity factors and energy generation values are analysed. Some considerations are made on questions referring to the Brazilian energetic problems.

Study of electrical and thermal characteristics of inverters for grid-connected photovoltaic systems; Estudo de caracteristicas eletricas e termicas de inversores para sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados a rede

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rampinelli, Giuliano Arns

2010-12-15

Grid-connected photovoltaic systems directly convert solar energy into electrical energy delivering to the distribution grid a clean and renewable energy. These systems are basically formed by an array of photovoltaic modules and inverters. The inverters are responsible for converting direct current to alternating current. A study of electrical and thermal characteristics of inverters used in grid-connected photovoltaic systems from a theoretical and experimental analysis. The inverters tests were carried out in two stages: the first stage was performed at Solar Energy Lab. of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil, where it was used a 4,8 kW{sub p} grid-connected photovoltaic system and ten inverters of different manufacturers. The inverters electrical characteristics measured and analyzed were: direct current to alternating current conversion efficiency, maximum power point tracker efficiency, power factor and harmonic distortion in current and voltage. Inverters thermal testing was also conducted and its results are presented ana analyzed. The second stage of the experimental tests was performed at Photovoltaic Solar Energy Lab. at CIEMAT in Spain. It was used 3 kW{sub p} photovoltaic system and seven inverters of different manufacturers. The inverters are single-phase, up to 5 kW and different topologies (high frequency transformer, low frequency transformer and transformerless). The influence of DC voltage input in the behavior of DC to AC conversion efficiency and power factor was analyzed. The results of the tests allowed the development of mathematical models that describe the electrical and thermal behavior of the inverters. The proposed mathematical models were inserted into computer simulation software developed at UFRGS named FVConect. The evolution of the simulation results compared to the experimental results validates the proposed models. The analysis of the behavior of the inverters improves the understanding of the operating os such equipment and their dynamic interaction with other grid-connected photovoltaic system components. (author)

Planning and production of a low cost cryostat for electrical characterization of materials; Planejamento e producao de um criostato de baixo custo para caracterizacao eletrica de materiais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Torsoni, G.B.; Carvalho, C.L.; Brito, G.A. [UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Fisica e Quimica. Grupo de Vidros e Ceramicas

2010-07-01

The system BSCCO can show three main Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CuO, Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O and Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O with critical temperatures around 20 K, 80 K and 110 K, respectively. Therefore, it is fundamental to study these materials in details at lowest temperatures, with simple systems and low cost equipment. In this work was projected a cryogenic system with capacity to reach temperatures below the liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K). Based on thermodynamic principles, which is used with liquid nitrogen system, with the vacuum application and control, it has been achieved temperatures about 63 K (freezing nitrogen temperature) in the sample holder. With the availability of a large range temperature becomes possible to identify at least two superconducting phases as in system BSCCO, which also involves a cost/benefit ratio more favorable, avoiding the use of more expensive refrigerates as liquid helium. (author)

Preliminary diagnosis on rational use of electrical energy in a slaughterhouse broilers; Diagnostico preliminar sobre uso racional de energia eletrica em um abatedouro de frangos de corte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bueno, Leda Gobbo de Freitas; Rossi, Luiz Antonio [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEAGRI/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Agricola. Construcoes Rurais e Ambiencia], Emails: leda.bueno@agr.unicamp.br, rossi@agr.unicamp.br; Mederos, Barbara Janet Teruel [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEAGRI/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Agricola. Tecnologia de Processos], Email: barbarat@agr.unicamp.br

2006-07-01

In slaughterhouses, operations developed since the 'ante-mortem' until to the storage of the product, are heavily dependent on electric energy and responsible for the final product quality. The study of the size related to the consumption of electrical energy and the associated cost of this energy in the stages of the slaughter, are important not only for the entrepreneur but also for the final consumer. This way, aiming at to accomplish a preliminary diagnosis in relation to the use of the electric power, was measured values of the main electric parameters of the transformers slaughterhouse to know preliminary the use of this energy inside of the establishment. Later, in the continuation of this work, detailed and complemented studies will be accomplished in the several processes aiming at to diagnose, to analyze and to propose solutions to lead to the rational use of the electric power, without interfering, or to maintain, the quality of the final product in the lines of production of the poultry slaughterhouse, including the storage process that uses of chambers of cooling and freezing. (author)

Field acquisition system of signals produced by 60 Hz electric power distribution networks; Sistema de aquisicao em campo de sinais produzidos por redes eletricas de 60 Hz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arasaki, Arnaldo Takashi

1996-12-31

Signal acquisition and analysis problems generally require expensive instruments whose utilization may be optimized through the use of portable signal acquisition modules with signal storage capability. Signals could be registered where they are generated and then analyzed properly in a laboratory far away. A portable acquisition module is developed after studying promising solutions such as direct analog storage, analog-to-digital binary conversion and delta modulation of the collected signals. Since some years ago, a solid state non-volatile analog memory has been commercially available and it was chosen in this portable module design. It also provides low power consumption, turning out to be interesting to signal acquisition and storage applications. This work also presents the portable acquisition module results. (author) 100 refs., 48 figs., 7 tabs.

Regenerative electronic load for electric power sources tests using capacitive idling converter; Carga eletronica regenerativa para testes de fontes de energia eletrica utilizando conversor com capacitor flutuante

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vendrusculo, Edson Adriano

1996-07-01

The conventional method for testing power supplies, batteries, uninterruptible power supply and other sources of electric power uses resistors as load. This results in wasted heat and increases the equipment production cost. This work presents a Regenerative electronic Load to substitute those resistors. The basic topology is a capacitive idling Cuk converter. This converter allows to control independently the input current and permits to provide a sinusoidal output current. An appropriate gate command allows to have some soft-commutation without the use of any auxiliary circuit. The same converter, with input and output changed, can operate as a Power Supply with Input Power Factor Correction. The characteristics of soft-commutation and high efficiency are maintained. A simple high-efficiency transformer allows output isolation. All theoretical results are experimentally verified. (author)

Field acquisition system of signals produced by 60 Hz electric power distribution networks; Sistema de aquisicao em campo de sinais produzidos por redes eletricas de 60 Hz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arasaki, Arnaldo Takashi

1997-12-31

Signal acquisition and analysis problems generally require expensive instruments whose utilization may be optimized through the use of portable signal acquisition modules with signal storage capability. Signals could be registered where they are generated and then analyzed properly in a laboratory far away. A portable acquisition module is developed after studying promising solutions such as direct analog storage, analog-to-digital binary conversion and delta modulation of the collected signals. Since some years ago, a solid state non-volatile analog memory has been commercially available and it was chosen in this portable module design. It also provides low power consumption, turning out to be interesting to signal acquisition and storage applications. This work also presents the portable acquisition module results. (author) 100 refs., 48 figs., 7 tabs.

Study of interference in power supply for induction motors by variable frequency drivers; Estudo de interferencias na alimentacao eletrica de motores de inducao por inversores de frequencia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sousa, Andre Luis de Oliveira e; Silva, Marcos Morais da [Centro Universitario de Belo Horizonte (UniBH), MG (Brazil)], e-mails: alosousa@gmail.com, marcosmoraisdasilva@hotmail.com; Pires, Igor Amariz [Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (PPGEE/UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia de Eletronica], e-mail: iap@ufmg.br

2012-07-01

First of all, this work went into an exploratory study which shows the variety of factors that the induction motors are submitted for being driven by frequency inverters. It's target was to address the leading technical aspects of the induction motors cage, and also, to discuss the influences of the inverters about the motor characteristics such as reflection voltage, common mode of noise, rise-time, and so on. On the top of it, this work have had a deep study about the interferences from installation and the distance between the frequency inverter and electric motor such as the aggravation of these factors for both the inverter-motor system and for electrical systems. They are magnetically linked to this system by a bunch of wires and cables. Also, some solutions about electric motor's manufacturers are also showed. Inverters, wire's suppliers and insulation materials have sought in order to get a great interaction between the electric motor and frequency inverter to avoid disturbing the system. Not only for themselves but also for the adjacent systems. Once we had faced it's subject, we can define that the factors here presented can directly interfere with the engine's life or lead it into problems with the electrical systems, if installed next to the drive by a frequency inverter. As it is a kind of trigger that only had got the confidence of the industries recently, regarding to the replacement of DC motors, many companies that provide it, are not technically ready to correctly specify the whole set, in order avoid the interference generated as it was well showed in this work. (author)

Single-phase to three-phase converter system of high quality for rural applications and distributed generation; Sistema conversor mono-trifasico de alta qualidade para aplicacoes rurais e de geracao distribuida

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Machado, Ricardo Q.; Pomilio, Jose A. [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computacao], e-mail: ricardom@dsce.fee.unicamp.br; Buso, Simone [Universidade de Padova, Padua (Italy). Dept. de Engenharia da Informacao], e-mail: simone.buso@dei.unipd.it

2004-07-01

This paper describes a line-interactive single-phase to three-phase converter. The typical application is in rural areas supplied by the single-wire with earth return. The traditional objective of feeding a three-phase induction motor is not anymore the main concern for such conversion. Due to the evolution of the agro business, some of the local load (as electronic power converters, computers, communication equipment, etc.) requires high quality power, intended as sinusoidal, symmetrical and balanced three-phase voltage. Additionally, to maximize the power got from the feeder, the system provides a unitary power factor to the feeder. A three-phase PWM converter is used for this purpose. The power converter does not process all the load power, as in the conventional solutions, but only the fraction necessary to regulate the three-phase bus voltage. The control strategy, design highlights and experimental results are presented. (author)

Application of support vector machines in the evaluation of reliability generation and transmission systems; Aplicacao de maquinas de vetores suporte na avaliacao da confiabilidade de sistemas de geracao e transmissao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dutra, Wellington Damascena; Resende, Leonidas Chaves de [Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), MG (Brazil); Manso, Luiz Antonio da Fonseca; Silva, Armando Martins Leite da [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil)

2010-07-01

This paper presents a methodology for assessing the reliability indices for composite generation and transmission systems based on Support Vector Machines (SVM). The importance of SVMs is its high generalization ability. The SVMs are used to classify data into two distinct classes. These can be named positive and negative. Thus, the basic idea is to classify the system states into success or failure. For this, a pre-classification of states is achieved by performing the proposed SVM-based neural network, where the sampled states during the beginning of the non-sequential Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) are considered as input data for training and validation sets. By adopting this procedure, a large number of states are classified by a simple evaluation of the network, providing significant reductions in computational costs. The proposed methodology is applied to the IEEE Reliability Test System and to the IEEE Modified Reliability Test System. (author)

Integrated system of alternative energy generation for fruits and fish agroindustry using clean technology; Sistema integrado de geracao de energia alternativa para agroindustria de fruta e peixe usando tecnologia limpa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pannir Selvam, P.V.; Santiago, B.H.S.; Queiroz, W.F. [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil). Grupo de Pesquisa em Engenharia de Custos e Processos], e-mail: bunnohenrique@yahoo.com.br; Bayer, M. [Centro Tecnologico do Gas (CTGas), Natal, RN (Brazil)

2004-07-01

In the present work the study of again exploitation of the residues of vegetal biomass for improvement in agricultural communities search, in special in agrobusiness micron-plant applying the concept of cleaner production and searching technological innovation and of low cost. One develops in this work study and optimized of bioprocessors for energy production and co-products using itself synthesis and analysis of projects. Where the biomass residue is processed in reactor of pyrolysis for coal production, gas and bio oil. This gas will go to benefit the micron-plant since the same it will be used for the drying, processes of smoking, and improvements in general. The project was initiated with a bibliographical research for verification, study and involved election of existing technologies already and equipment. It was initiated a simulation of bioprocess through the Super Software Pro Design 4.9 for term the confirmation of the study make through bibliographical revision. They are in phase of developments the simulations in Software Orc2004 developed by our base of research with validation of the economic viability for agricultural environment. Two scenes had been created, where one used the conventional system of again exploitation of the coconut and the other with our innovation in study that uses the cashew residue in view of the great production in the State and Northeast region. Considering the viability of this process it is intended to apply this technology in agricultural communities as Bebida Velha, Parazinho, Serra do Mel and Pureza, cities of the RN, providing them an energy source of ample utility, resultants of the process, bringing innumerable benefits to the population as reduction of energy problems and improvement in the ambient aspects. (author)

Study of ammonia process generation from the avian residues aiming the hydrogen production; Estudo do processo da geracao de amonia a partir de residuos avicolas visando a producao de hidrogenio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Egute, Nayara dos Santos; Abrao, Alcidio; Carvalho, Fatima Maria Sequeira de [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)], e-mail: nayara.egute@usp.br

2010-03-15

The hydrogen used in fuel cells can be classified as green or black hydrogen. Ammonia as an hydrogen source has the great advantage of being carbon-free. One of the sources of ammonia is poultry and egg production systems. In these systems the ammonia is produced from the decomposition of uric acid present in the excreta of birds. Among the factors which influence the ammonia volatilization, are the pH and the nitrogen content. Poultry litter and excreta isolated were also analyzed, The addition of sodium carbonate, with the rise of pH promoted an increase in the levels of ammonia volatilization. The high nitrogen excreta presented higher ammonia volatilization than the other one. The excreta was considered more appropriate than poultry litter for the objectives of this work due to the higher ammonia concentrations determined int his material. (author)

The Douro estuarine plume: Detection, processes and dynamics =

Science.gov (United States)

Mendes, Renato Paulo dos Santos

O Douro e um dos maiores rios da Peninsula Iberica, constituindo a maior descarga de agua doce para o Oceano Atlântico na costa noroeste portuguesa. A sua pluma estuarina tem particular relevância na dinâmica costeira e na modulacao de fenomenos biogeoquimicos. Sao objetivos desta dissertacao contribuir para a compreensao dos processos fisicos associados a geracao e propagacao da pluma estuarina do Rio Douro no oceano, assim como para o conhecimento dos seus padroes de dispersao e da forma como estes alteram a hidrologia e a circulacao costeira, considerando os agentes forcadores tipicos deste fenomeno (caudal fluvial, vento e mare) e indices climaticos relevantes. Para concretizacao destes objetivos foram desenvolvidas e aplicadas metodologias inovadoras de processamento de dados de detecao remota, assim como novas implementacoes estuarinas e costeiras de modelos numericos. Atraves de imagens MODIS, otimizadas para o estudo de fenomenos costeiros, efetuou-se uma detecao rigorosa da pluma. Identificou-se uma relacao entre o sinal turbido nLw555 e o caudal, demonstrando-se este produto como um bom proxy para a observacao da pluma no oceano. As escalas temporais e espaciais da pluma foram caraterizadas atraves destas imagens, combinadas com dados de caudal fluvial, mare, vento e precipitacao, e tambem com indices climaticos relevantes. Para compreender a propagacao da pluma e caracterizar a sua dinâmica e impacto na circulacao costeira, foi desenvolvida uma aplicacao 3D de modelos estuarinos e costeiros com malhas aninhadas de resolucao variavel. Definiramse e analisaram-se diferentes cenarios de vento e descarga fluvial. A interacao da pluma do Rio Douro e do Minho foi ainda analisada atraves dos resultados de simulacoes baseadas num evento de inverno. Os compositos turbidos mostraram que a pluma e facilmente detetada quando o caudal e maior que 500 m3 s??1. A descarga fluvial e o vento sao os principais forcadores da sua propagacao, enquanto a mare e apenas

Environmental licensing for the implementation of small hydroelectric power plants: analysis and optimization proposals for Minas Gerais state, Brazil; Licenciamento ambiental para implantacao de pequenas centrais hidreletricas: analise e propostas de otimizacao para Minas Gerais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pedreira, Adriana Coli [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil). Programa de Pos-graduacao em Engenharia da Energia], e-mail: adriana@unifei.edu.br; Dupas, Francisco Antonio [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil). Inst. de Recursos Naturais], e-mail: dupas@unifei.edu.brT

2004-07-01

This document presents the legal and institutional aspects of the environmental licensing for the implementation of small hydroelectric power plants (SHPP). Laws and doctrine related to the topic were researched and concluded for Minas Gerais State with the help of a survey with the enterprises and institutions involved in the process to find out the difficulties that influence the delay of the analysis of the SHPP. It also highlights the importance of environmental zoning as a tool of environmental management for the procedure to obtain these licenses. The results show that 80% of the cases, the institutions do not respect the deadlines, 40% of the studies presented by the enterprises are insufficient, 60% there is lack of human resource and technical capacities of the environment institutions, and 80% non-fulfilment of the laws and non-integration of the institutions. Finally, the study concludes that the difficulties to obtain these licenses are based on the facts mentioned which are, the non-integration of the institutions and also, being recent, on the inexperience of the actors involved. Therefore, it is suggested that deadlines should be imposed for the institutions and the enterprises. There should be training, fund raising for the hiring of technicians, fulfillment of the law and above all, transparency in order to supply the electrical energy demand and guarantee the sustainable development. (author)

Using ecological hydrograph for determination of flow remaining in sections of reduced flow of small hydropower plants; Uso do hidrograma ecologico para determinacao de vazoes remanescentes em trechos de vazao reduzida de pequenas centrais hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, Samuel Torres de; Dzedzej, Maira; Batista, Thiago Roberto; Silva, Benedito [IX Consultoria e Representacoes Ltda, Itajuba, MG (Brazil); Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil); Santos, Afonso Henrique Moreira [MS Consultoria Ltda, Itajuba, MG (Brazil); Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil)

2010-07-01

The rivers have been providing the basis for socio-economic development. Water is used for many different purposes, domestic, industrial, agricultural and power generation, in addition to providing navigation routes, and food resources for fisheries. The installation of hydroelectric centers which cause diversion of the river, leads to the creation of a reduced flow section. The residual flow proposed for this area should respect the characteristics of hydrological, morphological, chemical and ecological state of the river, ensuring their multiple uses. This work's purpose is the determination of a flow, or a set of adequate minimum flows for the reduced flow section of Small Hydropower Plants (SHP), to ensure the sustainability of the river and estuary ecosystems, communities and human welfare. The proposal of a holistic methodology for determining an environmental flow, using either hydrological, hydraulic and habitat methodologies, aims to innovate in the destination, not just of a fixed value of in stream flow, but of a complete system of adequate flows to the river under study. Finally, we present the case of PCH Rio Manso, of property Ecopart Investimentos S.A., located on rio Lourenco Velho, Itajuba city, MG; a project currently under review by the responsible environmental agency, aiming to acquire the Previous License. (author)

Anthropic contribution on pollution in hydroelectric reservoirs: the case of Sao Simao's hydroelectric power plant - GO/MG, Brazil; Contribuicao antropica na poluicao de reservatorios hidreletricos: o caso da Usina Hidreletrica de Sao Simao - GO/MG

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fonseca, Gizele Araujo Borba da

2010-02-15

This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic pollution in hydroelectric reservoirs through a case study of the Sao Simao Hydropower. The literature relates the problem of eutrophication with the addition of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in excess, resulting in water pollution. Through data for both tributary rivers and the reservoir, it was found that the Sao Simao dam presents a framework for eutrophication. We made an analysis to see which tributary rivers were the main sources of nutrients released into the waters of the reservoir and a survey of possible human activities that are contributing to the intake of nutrients in these tributaries. (author)

The evolution of legal aspects on the Brazilian electric power sector, a critical analysis; Evolucao dos marcos regulatorios do mercado de energia eletrica no Brasil, uma analise critica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bastos, Adriano Silva

2007-07-01

The electric sector went through deep changes along these 125 years of electrification of the country, mainly the alternation of their investment bases, hour being private for the most part, state hour. The legal bases of concession and regulation also varied in this period, trying to adapt to the effective model of the time. This work intends to analyze the evolution of the regulatory models of the electric sector, identifying the main changes of paradigms and to compare the efficiency of the models already implanted in the segment, with views to the increment of the offer of energy in the period, molding a critical profile of the best model already adopted in the national electric sector. To compare qualitatively these models requests an analysis of the investment bases a priori in the sector, identifying the contribution of resources has been private or state, following by the government's legal positioning in the sense of being only regulator, or regulator and investor, concluding with an analysis of the electric power offer in the period and the power of self-financing of the companies, in order to assent that the mixed model is the most appropriate model for the sustainable growth of the electric power generation sector in Brazil. (author)

Synthesis, characterization and electrical properties of solid electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cell; Preparacao, caracterizacao e propriedades eletricas de eletrolito solido para celula a combustivel de oxido solido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Berton, Marco Antonio Coelho; Garcia, Carlos Mario; Matos, Jeferson Hrenechen [Instituto de Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento (LACTEC), Curitiba, PR (Brazil)], Emails: felsky@latec.org.br, garcia@latec.org.br, jeferson.h@latec.org.br

2010-04-15

Solid electrolytes of BaCe{sub 08}Gd{sub O29} were prepared by the polymeric precursor method. X-ray diffraction data shows a single phase with orthorhombic crystalline structure. The densification process was followed by scanning electronic microscopy and apparent density measurements. The apparent density was developed for different temperatures of sintering, reaching > 96% for sintered temperature of 1550 {sup 0}C deg . The electrochemical impedance analysis was development in the temperature of 400-700 deg C, in air atmosphere at 700 deg C a value of 30,6 mS.cm{sup -1} was obtained. The results of conductivity have confirmed the gadolinium doped barium cerate has a great potential for use as solid electrolyte for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell, at experimental controlled conditions. (author)

Electric arc furnace dust utilization in iron ore sintering: influence of particle size; Utilizacao da poeira de aciaria eletrica na sinterizacao de minerio de ferro: influencia da granulometria

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Telles, V.B.; Junca, E.; Rodrigues, G.F.; Espinosa, D.C.R.; Tenorio, J.A.S., E-mail: victor_bridit@hotmail.co [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Metalurgica e de Materiais

2010-07-01

The aim of this work was to study the utilization of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) generated in steelmaking by electric arc furnace (EAF) as raw material in iron ore sintering. The waste was characterized by size, chemical composition and X-ray diffraction. The physical characterization showed that 90% of the particles have a size less then 1,78 {mu}m and the material have the tendency to agglomerate. The waste were submitted to a pre-agglomeration prior to its incorporation in the sinter. The influence on the addition of the waste with different granulometry in the iron or sinter production were analyzed by sinter characterization and sintering parameters. (author)

The access and use of electrical energy in precarious urban settlements: a global vision; O Uso e acesso de energia eletrica em assentamentos urbanos precarios: uma visao mundial

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fournier, Anna Carolina Pires; Penteado, Claudio Luis de Camargo [Universidade Federal do ABC (CECS/UFABC), Santo Andre, SP (Brazil). Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas

2010-07-01

Energy is considered a basic resource for the integration of human development. However, two billion people worldwide don't have access to the supply of modern forms of energy and, of this total 1.7 billion people live without electricity. This fact occurs in large cities, especially in urban slums (favelas). Through literature review, the aim of this paper was to collect and analyze the use and access to electricity in urban slums of Brazil and the world. As main results we highlight the fact that, even endowed with different characteristics, the countries had similar problems, such as the high number of illegal connections, the use of energy inefficient and the difficulty of payment of electricity rates. The basic insertion technique of electricity is not given as the only solution for the development of these populations and also does not solve social exclusion and energy poverty. (author)

Analysis of economic feasibility of sale of surplus electricity in cogeneration: case study; Analise de viabilidade economica de venda de energia eletrica excedente em cogeracao: estudo de caso

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fodra, Marcelo [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas; Universidade Sagrado Coracao (USC), Bauru, SP (Brazil)], email: marcelo.fodra@fca.unesp.br; Esperancini, Maura Seiko Tsutsui [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas. Dept. de Gestao e Tecnologia Agroindustrial], email: maura@fca.unesp.br

2010-07-01

The production of energy in large quantity and at competitive prices is crucial for economic development, which allied to the environmental question, has incentivated the use of renewable sources of energy. One of the most promising sources of renewable energy is the cogeneration from the residues of cane. Currently, the scenario for this kind of energy production is not consolidated, as production prices are not stable, inducing a risky situation for the environment. This work was aimed to study the economic viability of installing a main site for cogeneration of electricity, in a regional sugarcane factory located in the central region of Sao Paulo state that currently uses residues of sugar cane as fuel. The risk factor that was taken into consideration was the price paid for the MWh sold to the Chamber of Commerce of Electricity. The Monte Carlo Method was used to assess the risk factors for the analysis, by using of New Present Value (NPV), in a scenario that uses 20% of the initial investment made by the energy dealer. After the simulations were finished, considering the conditions used in this work, the project tends to be not feasible, as the behavior of the prices of cogenerated MWh are not sufficient for paying the initial investment and the operational costs. (author)

Effect of the Sr and Fe incorporation on the Pzt electric and ceramic properties; Efeito da incorporacao de Sr e Fe nas propriedades ceramicas e eletricas de PZT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Marcia C. Cavaco dos [Instituto de Pesquisas da Marinha, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Villegas, Marina; Moure, Carlos [Instituto de Ceramica e Vidro, Madrid (Spain)

1997-12-31

The Piezoelectric Pzt properties with compositions near of morphotropic boundary phase can be usefully modified by adding small quantities of various oxides, such as, Fe{sub 2} O{sub 3} and Sr O, which Fe{sub 2} O{sub 3} has been studied due his property of decrease the Dielectric Loss factor and increase the Mechanical Quality Factor of PZT Ceramics. With this purpose a powder was synthesized through an organic precursors route, where a finely divided powder, with a good PZT phase formation at low temperatures. The electrical properties of temperatures. The electrical properties of the [Pb{sub 0.9.8} Sr 0{sub .53} Ti{sub o.4676} Fe{sub 0.00024} {sub 03}] compositions with 1% of Pb O excess confirmed the Fe{sub 2} (O{sub 3}) additive performance, counterbalancing with Sr O effects. (author) 7 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.

Evaluate electric field strengths in the vicinity of electric transmission systems of electric power; Avaliar intensidades de campo eletrico nas vizinhancas de sistemas de transmissao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodrigues, J.F.; Ulson, J.A.C.; Creppe, R.C.; Serni, P.J.A. [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (FEB/UNESP), Bauru, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia. Dept. de Engenharia Eletrica], Emails: jfranc@feb.unesp.br, ulson@feb.unesp.br, creppe@feb.unesp.br, paulojas@feb.unesp.br

2009-07-01

The main purpose in this paper is to describe a methodology for the calculation of the profile of the electric field in the level soil and proximities originated by electric energy transmission systems real and in operation in the country. It is also commented the equation used and your computational implementation in order to agile and to optimize the studies. The results of simulations were just presented for the transmission system in the voltage class 500 kV for to simplify the understanding and space restriction in the article, although five others types of configurations have also been used in the complete study with very voltages and respective classes. The results were animating and very nearby of values well-known of electric field of other and publications traditional in the area. The graphic exits of software for better visual comprehension and understanding went in accomplished in the plan (2D) and in the space (3D). (author)

The evolution of legal aspects on the Brazilian electric power sector, a critical analysis; Evolucao dos marcos regulatorios do mercado de energia eletrica no Brasil, uma analise critica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bastos, Adriano Silva

2007-07-01

The electric sector went through deep changes along these 125 years of electrification of the country, mainly the alternation of their investment bases, hour being private for the most part, state hour. The legal bases of concession and regulation also varied in this period, trying to adapt to the effective model of the time. This work intends to analyze the evolution of the regulatory models of the electric sector, identifying the main changes of paradigms and to compare the efficiency of the models already implanted in the segment, with views to the increment of the offer of energy in the period, molding a critical profile of the best model already adopted in the national electric sector. To compare qualitatively these models requests an analysis of the investment bases a priori in the sector, identifying the contribution of resources has been private or state, following by the government's legal positioning in the sense of being only regulator, or regulator and investor, concluding with an analysis of the electric power offer in the period and the power of self-financing of the companies, in order to assent that the mixed model is the most appropriate model for the sustainable growth of the electric power generation sector in Brazil. (author)

The insertion perspective of electric power independent producer in the Brazilian electric power sector; A perspectiva da insercao do produtor independente de energia eletrica no setor eletrico brasileiro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Borelli, Alessio Bento; Bermann, Celio [Sao Paulo Univ., SP (Brazil). Programa Interunidades de Pos-Graduacao em Energia]. E-mail: mborelli@netpoint.com.br; cbermann@iee.usp.br

1999-07-01

The central issue of debate was the need to align the energy sector's options and organization with changing global patterns of economic and social development, characterized by the increasing role played by the private sector, greater integration in the world economy, and new economic and social priorities such as efficiency, decentralization, deregulation, and a closer attention to environmental issues. The aim of this work is to evaluate the electric power independent producer participation in Brazilian electric power sector.

Electric energy deficit marginal cost: historic, evaluation and proposition of a new method; Custo marginal do deficit de energia eletrica: historico, avaliacao e proposta de uma nova metodologia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Loureiro, Paulo Gerson Cayres

2009-05-15

The optimization model actually used to the energy operation planning of the National Interconnected System - NIS has as objective function the minimization of expected total cost operation. To achieve this goal the model provides optimal allocation of hydrothermal resources during the study horizon, employing aggregated subsystems. The deficit marginal cost is a parameter which is explicitly informed to the model, and does a part in the operation total cost calculation being a predominant factor in the service conditions evaluation of national electric energy market, affecting the energy costs and the risk of deficit on NIS. In this work is realized an integral study about the electric energy deficit marginal cost, starting with a historical review, followed by a actualization of your actual value and a propose of a new method for the calculation of deficit marginal cost value. The studies shows the impact of the values found over service conditions to the electric energy market in the energy operation planning, focusing on some usual indicators adopted in studies of the electrical sector. (author)

Answers to energy crisis: energy efficiency, rational use of energy and renewable sources; Respostas para crise de energia eletrica: eficiencia energetica, uso racional de energia e fontes renovaveis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Naturesa, Jim Silva; Mariotoni, Carlos Alberto [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEC/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo; Menezes, Taciana de V.; Perrone, Fernando Pinto Dias; Lepetitgaland, Karla Kwiatkowski [Centrais Eletricas Brasileiras S.A (ELETROBRAS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

This article presents the main advances in energy efficiency of Brazil, the results of the electrical energy alternatives sources incentive program until May of 2007, and examples of using energy in a reasonable way. In our point of view, these three initiatives are essentials in any energetic planning and must be considered with seriousness, mainly at moments of energy crisis. (author)

Obtaining and electrical characterization of silicone/barium titanate composite for variable capacitor applications; Obtencao e caracterizacao eletrica de composito silicone/titanato de bario para aplicacoes em capacitor variavel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vieira, D.A.; Souza, P.S.S.; Souza, C.P., E-mail: debora.vieira@cear.ufpb.br [Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB (Brazil). Centro de Energias Alternativas e Renovaveis. Departamento de Engenharia Eletrica; Menezes, P.C.F. [Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, PB (Brazil). Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais

2014-07-01

Silicone/barium titanate composites are excellent candidates for applications in the production of electronics components. In this work, silicone/barium titanate composite was obtained for the production of capacitors with variable dielectric distance. The mixture of composite (20% of barium titanate) was performed in a mixer with stem type propellers, at room temperature for 20 minutes. The cure was held in vacuum kiln. After obtaining the composite, was mounted a parallel plate capacitor, using composite as dielectric. The composite obtained was subjected to x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and capacitive electrical test. The DRX confirms the presence of ceramic charge in composite with the presence of broad peaks of barium titanate and micrographs show the barium titanate particles dispersed in polymer matrix. The capacitance of the sample was approximately 28,7pF. (author)

Perspectives for distributed generation of electricity in the States of Sao Paulo, Bahia and Mato Grosso; Perspectivas da geracao distribuida de eletricidade nos estados de Sao Paulo, Bahia e Mato Grosso

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bajay, Sergio Valdir; Leite, Alvaro Afonso Furtado [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (NIPE/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Nucleo Interdisciplinar de Planejamento Energetico], Email: bajay@fem.unicamp.br; Carvalho, Claudio Bezerra de [Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), Alagoinhas, BA (Brazil); Dorileo, Ivo Leandro [Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiaba, MT (Brazil). Nucleo Interdisciplinar de Estudos em Planejamento Energetico

2006-07-01

This paper addresses the concept of distributed generation of electricity and the current support policies for such kind of generation in the country. Their diffusion perspectives in the States of Sao Paulo, Bahia and Mato Grosso are discussed. The more promising technologies and new policies for them are pointed out. (author)

Evaluation of the maximum energy achieved through generation of hydro and wind power in the Northeast subsystem; Avaliacao da maxima energia assegurada atraves de geracao hidro-eolica no subsistema do Nordeste

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Campos, Pedro T.; Teixeira, Marcos A.; Kissel, Johannes [Gesellschaft Fuer Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) (Germany)

2010-07-01

In the current context to encourage sustainable development, wind energy plays an important role in the spread of renewable energy sources. In this paper, the possibilities and difficulties of wind power integration in large-scale are evaluated, specifically in the northeastern region of Brazil. From the seasonal complementarity with the water source, scenarios are set out where the maximum participation of only these two sources in the energy supply of the region is sought. Aiming to evaluate the possibilities of a completely sustainable regional energy supply, the northeast subsystem is isolated, excluding, in principle, imports and exports. Therefore, the energy storage capacity of reservoirs in the region is used as a key factor, combined with the seasonal availability of data sources and the annual energy consumption of the region. (author)

Environmental liabilities in Billings reservoir and its impacts on hydropower generation Plant Henry Borden; Os passivos ambientais no reservatorio Billings e os seus impactos na geracao hidroenergetica da Usina Henry Borden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Almeida, Daniel Ladeira [Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo Andre, SP (Brazil)

2010-07-01

The primary assertion is that this article argues that the recovery in production of hydropower in Henry Borden (UHB) is the reduction of environmental liabilities in the Billings reservoir. In this context, the aim of this paper is to provide a first consideration of the possibility of recovery of production Henry Borden hydropower plant of recovering the multiple uses of the reservoir. From this perspective, we interviewed representatives of CETESB (Sanitation Environmental Technology Company) and EMAE (Metropolitan Water and Energy Company SA) for consideration of actions that include environmental policies aimed at increasing the production of electricity in Henry Borden in order to obtain results that may contribute to the multiple uses of the Billings reservoir. Noting that the range of laws aimed at protecting the water sources was limited to disjointed public policy that has reduced the resilience of the Billings reservoir. (author)

Analysis of the internal temperature of the combustion chamber of a compact system of co-generation; Analise das temperaturas internas da camara de combustao de um sistema compacto de co-geracao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duarte, Joao B.F. [Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), CE (Brazil)], email: furlan@unifor.br; Couto, Heraldo S. [Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, SP (Brazil)], email: heraldo@lcp.inpe.br; Holanda, Carlos A.M. de [Universidade Federal do Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Metalurgica e de Materiais], email: almir@metalmat.ufc.br

2008-07-01

Nowadays, the energy deficit represents one of the biggest governmental challenges, since there is still a great number of communities living in areas without electricity energy; and thus without access to electro-electronic equipment such as television, refrigerators, computers. The main focus of this work is to present the possibility of electricity energy generation in conjunction with the frozen or hot water production in for places without electricity transmission nets or even any type of alternative power plants. The system is based on the standard air cycle called Brayton cycle composed of a turbo-compressor model 4LGZ from BorgWarner, a combustion chamber, a power turbine, a heat exchanger, a water-ammonia chiller, a 5.0 kV A generator, and a command panel for automation and distribution of energy. This system that uses natural gas or LPG, will supply electric energy from the generator, hot water from the heat exchange with the gases of combustion, and water frozen from chiller using as the hot source the gases proceeding from the power system. The prototype is already being tested and the first results obtained are excellent. In this paper, we analyze the internal combustion chamber temperatures. (author)

An integrated model for a forecasting model of the electric power market in the long term; Um modelo integrado de previsao do mercado de energia eletrica a longo prazo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Faria, Sergio Nilo Gomes

1993-07-01

A proposal for a forecasting model of the electricity market which, in methodological terms, is based on classic econometric formulations - evaluation of income and price elasticities. The electricity demand for some industrial sectors is dealt with in a desegregated way, in order to capture its dependence on the economic activity of these sectors is presented. The proposal of this thesis differs from the usual methodology as far as evaluating the impacts of the energy demand forecast, conformed to well defined macroeconomics and tariff policy assumptions, on the expansion of the power system as a whole, and, particularly, on the financial situation of the power sector. The motivation for the study was the need for a new methodological tool, broad, but streamlined enough to allow widespread assessments of alternative development scenarios associated to different economic and politic contexts, taking into account the main uncertainties present in the several planning stages. (author)

Surface enrichment with chrome and nitriding of IF steel under an abnormal glow discharge; Enriquecimento superficial com cromo e nitretacao do aco IF em descarga eletrica em regime anormal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meira, S.R.; Borges, P.C., E-mail: sabrina.r.meira@gmail.com [Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, PR (Brazil). Grupo de Materiais; Bernardelli, E.A. [Instituto Federal do Parana (IFPR), Paranagua, PR (Brazil). Laboratorio de Materiais

2014-07-01

The objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of surface enrichment of IF steel with chrome, and nitriding, the formation of the nitrided layer. Thus, IF steel samples were subjected to surface enrichment process, using 409 stainless steel as a target for sputtering, followed by plasma nitriding, both under a dc abnormal glow discharge. The enrichment treatment was operated at 1200 ° C for 3h. The nitriding treatment was operated at 510 ° C for 2 h. The influence of the treatments on the layers formed was studied through optical microscopy (OM), scan electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Vickers microindentation. The results show that the enrichment is effective to enrich the IF surface, furthermore, improves the characteristics of nitriding, comparing nitriding samples to nitriding and enriched, was observed needles of nitrides, as well as a higher hardness, which is associated with the nitrides of chrome, on the nitriding and enriched samples. (author)

Potential of exchange of electric power between the electric systems of Brazil and Argentina; Potencial de intercambio de energia eletrica entre os sistemas eletricos do Brasil e da Argentina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zanette, Andre Luiz [Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2010-07-01

Integration of power generation and transmission systems can provide a better utilization of energy resources and increase systems reliability. Given that Brazilian interconnection with Argentina, which represents the major Brazilian interconnection with neighboring countries, is used basically in winter months or in situations of unfavorable hydrology, this paper aims to demonstrate that power exchange between these two countries can be much higher than currently observed, resulting in greater benefits for producers and consumers of electricity in both countries, and that these benefits can also be obtained through better use of existing and planned interconnections between South American countries. To estimate the potential for power exchange between the electrical systems of Brazil and Argentina, three sets of simulations using the Brazilian Energy Plan (PDE 2010-2019) deck for Newave model, available from EPE, were made. These simulations consider the possibility that: (i) electricity is exported from Brazil to Argentina (II) electricity is imported from Argentina and (III) electricity is exchanged in both directions. The simulation results indicate that, despite rising operational marginal costs, significant amounts of electricity can be exported to Argentina at relatively low prices, depending on hydrological conditions. Moreover, the possibility of electricity imports from Argentina can reduce the operational costs of Brazilian system, as well as minimizing the risk of shortages. This work shows that the interconnections between Brazil and Argentina may be better used to benefit producers and consumers in both countries. Therefore, it is necessary to define an effective contractual and operational model for power trading and electricity transfer between these countries with the objective of promoting stability and mutual trust. Finally, studies to evaluate the potential for electricity exchange between South American countries are specially important, enabling better utilization of energy resources of each country and contributing to continent's energy integration. (author)

A proposal of cost evaluation of own capital for the Brazilian electric sector; Uma proposta de avaliacao do custo do capital proprio para o setor de energia eletrica brasileiro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Serrano, Ricardo Oliveira L.

2003-12-01

This work studies the own capital cost of the Brazilian electric sector, by using three methodologies: Comparable Accounting Results (CAR), using historical values for measurement, Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and the CAPM, elaborated from expected values.The obtained results by using the CAR method indicated that the Brazilian electric power sector is not receiving remuneration according to the real maintenance and expansion necessities. Based on this observation, it was considered appropriated to discard the CAR method in the proposed methodology, therefore using the simply average of the CAPM e DCF models. By using the simply average of the models presents the advantage of capturing specific characteristics of each model, and to dilute effects of eventual extreme values.

Fabrication and electrical characterization of polyaniline-silicon heterojunction for gamma radiation dosimetry application; Fabricacao e caracterizacao eletrica de heterojuncoes de polianilina - silicio para aplicacao em dosimetria de radiacao gama

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laranjeira, Jane Maria Goncalves

2004-08-15

In this work a technique has been developed to fabricate high quality polyaniline-silicon heterojunction diodes for use as gas and/or ionizing radiation sensors. Polyaniline thin films (40 nm thick) produced by spin-coating on silicon substrates, were the active part of the junction structure. The devices presented excellent reproducibility of their electrical characteristics with high rectification ratio, 60,000 at {+-}1.0 V, and typical reverse current at - 1.0 V of 3 nA at 295 K. A G/I x G plot has been used to analyze the current-voltage characteristics, yielding typical series resistance of 4 k{omega} {+-} 5% and ideality factor in a range of 1,9 {+-} 0.5%. The heterojunction diode presents high sensitivity to gamma radiation in the dose range of 3 x 10{sup -2} to 7 kGy with a linear response in the forward and reverse bias. The excellent electrical characteristics together with the linear response with the dose, strongly suggest the application of this device for spectrometry or dosimetry of high doses of gamma radiation. These devices presented high sensitivity to gas moistures such as ammonia, nitric acid and trichloroethylene. In both cases the sensitivity was observed through shifts of the current-voltage curves, which can be easily monitored to provide a calibration curve of the sensor either as a radiation dosimeter or as a gas sensor for use in applications for gas monitoring or radiation dosimetry. Several aspects of the reliability physics of silicon-polyaniline heterojunction, such as degradation effects induced by local heating, charge trapping and temperature changes, have been discussed. These results further confirm the quality of the devices electrical characteristics and their suitability for radiation and gas sensors applications. Another interesting results presented in this work was the use of polyemeraldine nanofilms (thickness in the range 30-50 nm) deposited by 'spin coating' on glass substrates as an optical dosimeter for gamma radiation based on the color change of the polymer. The nanofilms devices were characterized by UV visible absorption spectroscopy. The deep blue color, characteristic of undoped polyaniline films before irradiation, becomes subsequently green as the film is being irradiated, and the film absorption coefficient exhibits a linear dependence with the logarithm of the irradiation dose from I to 10 kGy. (author)

Fabrication and electrical characterization of polyaniline-silicon heterojunction for gamma radiation dosimetry application; Fabricacao e caracterizacao eletrica de heterojuncoes de polianilina - silicio para aplicacao em dosimetria de radiacao gama

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laranjeira, Jane Maria Goncalves

2004-08-15

In this work a technique has been developed to fabricate high quality polyaniline-silicon heterojunction diodes for use as gas and/or ionizing radiation sensors. Polyaniline thin films (40 nm thick) produced by spin-coating on silicon substrates, were the active part of the junction structure. The devices presented excellent reproducibility of their electrical characteristics with high rectification ratio, 60,000 at {+-}1.0 V, and typical reverse current at - 1.0 V of 3 nA at 295 K. A G/I x G plot has been used to analyze the current-voltage characteristics, yielding typical series resistance of 4 k{omega} {+-} 5% and ideality factor in a range of 1,9 {+-} 0.5%. The heterojunction diode presents high sensitivity to gamma radiation in the dose range of 3 x 10{sup -2} to 7 kGy with a linear response in the forward and reverse bias. The excellent electrical characteristics together with the linear response with the dose, strongly suggest the application of this device for spectrometry or dosimetry of high doses of gamma radiation. These devices presented high sensitivity to gas moistures such as ammonia, nitric acid and trichloroethylene. In both cases the sensitivity was observed through shifts of the current-voltage curves, which can be easily monitored to provide a calibration curve of the sensor either as a radiation dosimeter or as a gas sensor for use in applications for gas monitoring or radiation dosimetry. Several aspects of the reliability physics of silicon-polyaniline heterojunction, such as degradation effects induced by local heating, charge trapping and temperature changes, have been discussed. These results further confirm the quality of the devices electrical characteristics and their suitability for radiation and gas sensors applications. Another interesting results presented in this work was the use of polyemeraldine nanofilms (thickness in the range 30-50 nm) deposited by 'spin coating' on glass substrates as an optical dosimeter for gamma radiation based on the color change of the polymer. The nanofilms devices were characterized by UV visible absorption spectroscopy. The deep blue color, characteristic of undoped polyaniline films before irradiation, becomes subsequently green as the film is being irradiated, and the film absorption coefficient exhibits a linear dependence with the logarithm of the irradiation dose from I to 10 kGy. (author)

A heuristic model for planning problem solution of reactive in electric power systems; Um modelo heuristico para solucao do problema de planejamento de reativos em sistemas de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mantovani, Jose Roberto Sanches

1995-02-01

This work introduces a model to solve the planning problem of reactive in electric power systems. The proposed method uses mixed integer linear programming and is solved using implicit enumeration (binary search). The special heuristics to reduce candidates' initial set and to obtain discreet solutions are adopted. They were going accomplished two algorithm implementations, one sequential and other parallel. The implementation parallel uses an asynchronous programming model and is adjusted for distributed memory computer. Defined a bars candidates set for the new reactive sources allocation, the developed program supplies the location and the reactive sources magnitude that must be allocated in the system, considering safety and operation restrictions. The implementation parallel performance is evaluated for three real systems of 309, 725 and 810 bars. The results for the test systems IEEE30 and IEEE118, and the three real systems used in the implementation parallel evaluation are also presented.

Addition of electric arc furnace dust in hot metal changing the form of addition; Adicao de poeira de aciaria eletrica em ferro-gusa liquido alterando a forma de adicao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marques Sobrinho, Vicente de Paulo Ferreira; Oliveira, Jose Roberto de; Vieira, Estefano Aparecido, E-mail: vicente@ifes.edu.br [Institulo Federal do Espirito Santo (IFES), ES (Brazil); Telles, Victor Bridi; Grillo, Felipe Fardin; Tenorio, Jorge Alberto Soares; Espinosa, Denise Crocce Romano [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil). Escola Politecnica

2014-07-01

This research aims to study the incorporation of the mass of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD), by addition in hot metal (1.78% Si) at a temperature of 1,400 degrees Celsius. The EAFD is from a steel plant producing long steel. The addition of the EAFD was as received, in the form of briquettes without agitation of the hot metal and in the form of briquettes with agitation of the hot metal. Previously, the EAFD was characterized using the following techniques: chemical analysis, size analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis. The achievement of fusion experiments in laboratory scale, took place in a vertical tubular furnace with temperature control. The fusion experiments to assess the incorporation of EAFD mass used graphite crucibles. After cooling, the hot metal and the slag, remaining in the crucible, were weighed to do a mass balance. A flow of inert gas (argon) was maintained inside the furnace during the experiments. Results show that the experiment with addition of EAFD as received presents the best result of incorporating the mass of the final hot metal (1.73%) combined with the lowest percentage of volatilized mass of EAFD (46.52%). The experiment addition of EAFD in the form of briquette with agitation of hot metal presents the lowest percentage of slag mass (4.58%). The zinc content of volatilized EAFD (64.30%) is higher than the zinc content of the imported ore concentrate (52%) and zinc content of the national ore concentrate (12% to 39%). The presence of lead and cadmium in the slag characterizing it as a hazardous solid waste. (author)

The participation of the sectors of electric energy consumption in a rural electrification cooperative; A participacao dos setores de consumo de energia eletrica em uma cooperativa de eletrificacao rural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Higuchi, Cristiane Aparecida Pelegrin [Instituicao Toledo de Ensino (ITE), Bauru, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Contabeis], e-mail: cristiane.higuchi@itelefonica.com.br; Siqueira, Jair Antonio Cruz [UNESP, Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas. Curso de Pos-Graduacao em Energia na Agricultura], e-mail: jairsiqueira@fca.unesp.br; Seraphim, Odivaldo Jose [UNESP, Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas. Dept. de Engenharia Rural], e-mail: seraphim@fca.unesp.br; Ielo, Frederico G. de Paula F. [Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, PR (Brazil). Dept. de Informatica

2004-07-01

This work had the objective of to evaluate the behavior of the electrical energy distribution in a Rural Electrification Cooperative, placed inside the State of Sao Paulo, embracing the region of the county of Itai, Avare and Paranapanema. Were appraised the electric energy distribution data of the Rural Electrification Cooperative of Itai, Avare and Paranapanema - CERIPA, during the years of 2000, 2001 and 2002. Was evaluated the sale of energy evolution, clearance evolution, general load factor and the electrical distribution for consumer type. The found results allowed to end that the Rural electrification Cooperative, show a good electric energy distribution in residential, rural and irrigation sectors. (author)

Strategic planning and controlling model for electricity distribution concessionaires in Brazil; Modelo de planejamento estrategico e de controle de gestao para as empresas distribuidoras de energia eletrica no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Margueron, Marcus Vinicius Lourenco

2008-02-15

Corporate strategies of agents operating in the electric power sector must be constantly aligned with current regulatory structure. This thesis presents an innovative study, which allows the definition of strategies for distributors located in the partially deregulated Brazilian electric power sector, in which the coexistence of regulation and competition results in business environments where competitive threats and cooperation opportunities must be very well managed. It concludes that the best competitive strategy for Brazilian distributors should be cost leadership aiming at encouraging fidelity of the three complementary agents able to freely circulate between both different environments of electric power contracting in Brazil - regulated contracting environment and free contracting environment. These three complementary agents are potentially free consumers, power producers and technology companies. (author)

Economic impacts of current harmonic from nonlinear loads on residential electricity distribution networks; Impactos economicos dos harmonicos de corrente das cargas nao lineares em redes eletricas de distribuicao residenciais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duarte, Carlos Henrique

2010-04-15

To achieve more efficient energy use, power electronics systems (PES) may be employed. However, this introduce nonlinear loads into the system by generating undesired frequencies that are harmonic in relation to (multiples of) the fundamental frequency (60 Hz in Brazil). Consequently, devices using PES (power electronics systems) are more efficient but also contribute significantly to degradation of power quality. Besides this, both the conventional rules on design and operation of power systems and the usual premises followed in energy efficiency programs (without mentioning the electricity consumed by the devices themselves) consider the sinusoidal voltage and current waveforms at the fixed fundamental frequency (60 Hz in Brazil) of the power grid. Thus, analysis of electricity consumption reductions in energy efficiency programs that include the use of PES considers the reduction of kWh to the final consumer but not the additional losses caused by the increase in harmonic distortion. This dissertation investigates this problem by exploring a case study of the ownership and use of television sets (TV sets) to estimate the economic impacts of residential PES on a mainly residential electricity distribution system. (author)

Computational intelligence applied to the logistics of electric energy distribution network maintenance teams; Inteligencia computacional aplicada a logistica de equipes de manutencao de redes de distribuicao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bobel, Edson [Companhia Paranaense de Energia (COPEL), Curitiba, PR (Brazil)]. E-mails: edson.bobel@copel.com; Lopes, Heitor Silverio [Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba (Brazil)]. E-mail: hslopes@utfpr.edu.br

2007-10-15

One of the problems that an Electric Energy Distribution Company faces is the maintenance of its distribution network. This study focuses on the problem of allocating emergency maintenance teams so that costs related to the energy outage as well as the cost of the teams themselves are minimized. This study includes a geographic area of 108 counties in the State of Parana, Brazil, and uses information related to: interruptions history in high voltage switches, list of locations able to allocate emergency maintenance teams and list of switches that were actually served by the maintenance teams during the year 2002. With this information and the list of locations with emergency maintenance teams, an estimate of the situation is made and the costs are calculated for the year 2002. With this in hand, the problem was solved using two methods: p-medians and genetic algorithms, in which the potential gains of 13.37% and 12.64% were obtained, respectively, as compared to the costs in 2002, for the same geographic area. Finally, a projection was made for the potential decrease of costs for the Electric Distribution Company regarding the total area of Parana State, as well as an estimate of financial profits for the State Government. (author)

The NERAM project: A model for Electric Power Enterprise in Isolated Communities in the Amazon; O Projeto NERAM - Modelo de Negocio de Energia Eletrica em Comunidades Isoladas na Amazonia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodrigues, Monica; Xavier, Diogo; Souza, Rubem; Seye, Omar; Santos, Eyde dos; Freitas, Katriana; Moraes, Marcia [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (CDEAM/UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil). Centro de Desenvolvimento Energetico Amazonico], Email: monica.mzman@gmail.com

2006-07-01

This work presents an overview of the ongoing NERAM - A Model for Electric Power Enterprise in Isolated Communities in the Amazon, a project from CDEAM (Center for Amazonian Energetic Development), financed by CNPq (National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development). This project aims at establishing a model for rural electrification associated with income generation and based on the sustainable use of local resources. This paper presents the most relevant aspects of the context as well as a general description of the project. The current rural power supply, the socio-economic condition of isolated communities, the income generation from acai pulp and the system generation, the biomass characterization are topics addressed herewith. This text aims at a global outlook and to provide basic understanding of the project, since specific papers will address these issues separately and in depth. (author)

A heuristic model for planning problem solution of reactive in electric power systems; Um modelo heuristico para solucao do problema de planejamento de reativos em sistemas de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mantovani, Jose Roberto Sanches

1995-02-01

This work introduces a model to solve the planning problem of reactive in electric power systems. The proposed method uses mixed integer linear programming and is solved using implicit enumeration (binary search). The special heuristics to reduce candidates' initial set and to obtain discreet solutions are adopted. They were going accomplished two algorithm implementations, one sequential and other parallel. The implementation parallel uses an asynchronous programming model and is adjusted for distributed memory computer. Defined a bars candidates set for the new reactive sources allocation, the developed program supplies the location and the reactive sources magnitude that must be allocated in the system, considering safety and operation restrictions. The implementation parallel performance is evaluated for three real systems of 309, 725 and 810 bars. The results for the test systems IEEE30 and IEEE118, and the three real systems used in the implementation parallel evaluation are also presented.

Consumption of productive electric power and value of agricultural production in Botucatu region; O consumo de energia eletrica produtiva e o valor da producao agropecuaria na regiao de Botucatu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, Paulo Andre de [Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas. Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Agronomia], e-mail: pauloandre@fca.unesp.br; Simon, Elias Jose [Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas. Dept. de Gestao e Tecnologia Agroindustrial], e-mail: ejsimon@fca.unesp.br

2004-07-01

This paper objective was to settle the electric energy consumption in the countryside and the agriculture and cattle raisin production value in the counties of the Rural Development Office (EDR) of Botucatu, in the period of 1990 to 2000, trying to establish an analysis pattern to do future studies in other regions. This pattern could be used as an analysis instrument to make decisions to implement programs that look for an increase of use of electric energy as an input to join value to the rural product. In conclusion the data adjoined as EDR region do not present enough information to the relation between the production rough value and the electric energy consumption, being necessary, therefore, its disaggregation in counties. (author)

Potential of exchange of electric power between the electric systems of Brazil and Argentina; Potencial de intercambio de energia eletrica entre os sistemas eletricos do Brasil e da Argentina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zanette, Andre Luiz [Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2010-07-01

Integration of power generation and transmission systems can provide a better utilization of energy resources and increase systems reliability. Given that Brazilian interconnection with Argentina, which represents the major Brazilian interconnection with neighboring countries, is used basically in winter months or in situations of unfavorable hydrology, this paper aims to demonstrate that power exchange between these two countries can be much higher than currently observed, resulting in greater benefits for producers and consumers of electricity in both countries, and that these benefits can also be obtained through better use of existing and planned interconnections between South American countries. To estimate the potential for power exchange between the electrical systems of Brazil and Argentina, three sets of simulations using the Brazilian Energy Plan (PDE 2010-2019) deck for Newave model, available from EPE, were made. These simulations consider the possibility that: (i) electricity is exported from Brazil to Argentina (II) electricity is imported from Argentina and (III) electricity is exchanged in both directions. The simulation results indicate that, despite rising operational marginal costs, significant amounts of electricity can be exported to Argentina at relatively low prices, depending on hydrological conditions. Moreover, the possibility of electricity imports from Argentina can reduce the operational costs of Brazilian system, as well as minimizing the risk of shortages. This work shows that the interconnections between Brazil and Argentina may be better used to benefit producers and consumers in both countries. Therefore, it is necessary to define an effective contractual and operational model for power trading and electricity transfer between these countries with the objective of promoting stability and mutual trust. Finally, studies to evaluate the potential for electricity exchange between South American countries are specially important, enabling better utilization of energy resources of each country and contributing to continent's energy integration. (author)

Electric energy production and environmental licensing: citizenship in Brazil in time of ecological crisis; Producao de energia eletrica e licenciamento ambiental: cidadania no Brasil em tempo de crise ecologica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bettencourt, Marcia Pires da Luz

2017-11-01

The choices of energy sources gain relevance in the face of the ecological crisis which has a central questioning on the modes of production and consumption and that stems from a system which changes everything into merchandise. On one hand, brazilian electricity generation has the advantage of using clean energy in great part of its composition, at least in discourse. On the other hand, though, there are high social and environmental costs, especially for communities living near the regions where projects for the electricity sector are built. This research aimed to identify and analyse different modes society takes part in the process of choosing energy sources for electricity generation in Brazil. It discusses the links between the ecological crisis and the production of electrical energy; how the institutional mechanisms for social participation on issues related to the production of electric power in Brazil work; and, how civil society participates in environmental licensing in the National Environment Council (CONAMA). A set of related approaches to the nature of the ecological crisis and the forms of social participation was adopted in the theoretical framework and an analysis of the electric sector panorama in Brazil has been drawn up. In order to investigate the forms society participates in issues related to the composition of the brazilian electricity matrix, the methodology comprised a documentary analysis and a case study. They included three categories of actors: (1) CONAMA's councilors, (2) experts from the Field; and (3) actors involved in the diagnosis study, planning and management of the electricity sector. The research identified inconsistencies, ambiguities and other relevant issues about the participation of society in the production of electrical energy. Such issues are related to: deficiencies in the mechanisms for information access; lack of transparency and patterns in internal documents; lack of social participation in the elaboration of international commitments; absence of participation of the society in institutionalized spaces; absence of representation of the society and specialists in the National Energy Policy Council (CNPE); invisibility of the discussion on possible impacts and social conflicts; lack of diversity's representation; deficiency in minority participation; lack of citizenship education initiatives focused on energy issue; absence of debates on energy production versus consumption; problems arising from developmental choice of Government decisions (even if implied). At the end, the present research offer suggestions for the improvement of this process, from the perspective of three key issues identified in this thesis: ecological crisis; electric power production; and social participation. The study concludes by pointing to the need of changes in the modes society' participate in the process of choosing energy sources for the electrical energy production at the federal level in Brazil. In addition, it proposes a reflection on the model of generation and consumption of electricity and a systematic evaluation of human consumption on natural resources. (author)

Bioelectrical impedance and visceral fat: a comparison with computed tomography in adults and elderly; Bioimpedancia eletrica e gordura visceral: uma comparacao com a tomografia computadorizada em adultos e idosos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eickemberg, Michaela [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil); Roriz, Anna Karla Carneiro [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil); Fontes, Gardenia Abreu Vieira [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil); Sampaio, Lilian Ramos [Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2013-05-01

Objective: To evaluate the association between electrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and visceral fat (VF) in adult and elderly patients. Subjects and methods: This was a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 191 subjects (52% women, 49% elderly) stratified by sex, age and body mass. Computerized tomography (VF area) and BIA (percentage of total body fat (%TBF-BIA), phase angle, reactance and resistance) data were generated. Statistical analysis was based on Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Anova, Pearson's Chi-square, and ROC curves. Results: VF areas {>=} 130 cm{sup 2} were more prevalent among the elderly and among men. Adult females showed a stronger correlation between GV and %TBF-BIA. The other groups showed similar results and statistically significant correlations. Correlations between GV and phase angle were weak and not statistically significant. ROC Curves analyzes showed the following %TBF-BIA, which identified excess VF: for male subjects: 21.5% (adults) and 24.25% (elderly); for female subjects: 35.05% (adults) and 38.45% (elderly) with sensitivity of 78.6%, 82.1%, 83.3%, and 66.7%, and specificity of 70.6%, 62.5%, 79.1%, and 69%, respectively. Conclusion: BIA was found to have satisfactory sensitivity and specificity to predict VF; however, other devices and other techniques should be investigated to improve VF prediction. (author)

Bioelectrical impedance and visceral fat: a comparison with computed tomography in adults and elderly; Bioimpedancia eletrica e gordura visceral: uma comparacao com a tomografia computadorizada em adultos e idosos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eickemberg, Michaela [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil); Roriz, Anna Karla Carneiro [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil); Fontes, Gardenia Abreu Vieira [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil); Sampaio, Lilian Ramos [Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2013-05-01

Objective: To evaluate the association between electrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and visceral fat (VF) in adult and elderly patients. Subjects and methods: This was a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 191 subjects (52% women, 49% elderly) stratified by sex, age and body mass. Computerized tomography (VF area) and BIA (percentage of total body fat (%TBF-BIA), phase angle, reactance and resistance) data were generated. Statistical analysis was based on Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Anova, Pearson's Chi-square, and ROC curves. Results: VF areas {>=} 130 cm{sup 2} were more prevalent among the elderly and among men. Adult females showed a stronger correlation between GV and %TBF-BIA. The other groups showed similar results and statistically significant correlations. Correlations between GV and phase angle were weak and not statistically significant. ROC Curves analyzes showed the following %TBF-BIA, which identified excess VF: for male subjects: 21.5% (adults) and 24.25% (elderly); for female subjects: 35.05% (adults) and 38.45% (elderly) with sensitivity of 78.6%, 82.1%, 83.3%, and 66.7%, and specificity of 70.6%, 62.5%, 79.1%, and 69%, respectively. Conclusion: BIA was found to have satisfactory sensitivity and specificity to predict VF; however, other devices and other techniques should be investigated to improve VF prediction. (author)

Anthropic contribution on pollution in hydroelectric reservoirs: the case of Sao Simao's hydroelectric power plant - GO/MG, Brazil; Contribuicao antropica na poluicao de reservatorios hidreletricos: o caso da Usina Hidreletrica de Sao Simao - GO/MG

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fonseca, Gizele Araujo Borba da

2010-02-15

This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic pollution in hydroelectric reservoirs through a case study of the Sao Simao Hydropower. The literature relates the problem of eutrophication with the addition of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in excess, resulting in water pollution. Through data for both tributary rivers and the reservoir, it was found that the Sao Simao dam presents a framework for eutrophication. We made an analysis to see which tributary rivers were the main sources of nutrients released into the waters of the reservoir and a survey of possible human activities that are contributing to the intake of nutrients in these tributaries. (author)

Hydrogen production through allothermal ethanol reforming for fuel cells application: first generation prototype; Producao de hidrogenio atraves da reforma-vapor do etanol para aplicacoes em celulas a combustivel: prototipo de primeira geracao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marin Neto, Antonio Jose; Silva, Ennio Peres da; Camargo, Joao Carlos; Neves Junior, Newton Pimenta; Pinto, Cristiano da Silva [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil). Lab. de Hidrogenio; Pinto, Cristiano da Silva [Centro Nacional de Referencia em Energia do Hidrogenio, Campinas, SP (Brazil)

2004-07-01

This paper describes preliminary results obtained with the allothermal ethanol reforming system for synthesis gas (syn-gas) production and hydrogen upgrading and purification for fuel cell applications. The system was designed to supply hydrogen to a 500 W PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell, with an electrical efficiency of 45%, which requires approximately 0.45 m3.h-1 of hydrogen, with a maximum carbon monoxide concentration of 20 {mu}mol.mol-1 (ppm). The study was performed changing the operation temperature and analyzing the resulting syn-gas through gas chromatography for a specific catalyst. This catalyst was tested up to 700 deg C, 1 bar and fixed stoichiometric steam to carbon ratio. The syn-gas, before carbon monoxide shift reactor implementation, was submitted to a two-bed-three-segments purification step composed of chemical and physical molecular sieves for hydrogen purification. The carbon monoxide shift reactor (water gas shift reactor) is under development to improve the efficiency-to-hydrogen and maximize the life of the purification bed. The final results also include a discussion about possible reactions involved in ethanol steam-reforming for such catalyst. (author)

Electricity generation using vegetal oils: the implantation model for the isolated communities in the Amazon Region; Geracao de eletricidade a partir de oleos vegetais: um modelo de implantacao para comunidades isoladas amazonicas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coelho, Suani Teixeira; Silva, Orlando Cristiano; Velazquez, Silvia M.S.G.; Monteiro, Maria Beatriz C.A.; Silotto, Carlos Eduardo G. [Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa - CENBIO, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2004-07-01

The territorial occupation from the Amazon region is characterized by isolated communities, which makes the conventional electric distribution economically and technically impracticable. To solve the electric problem of these communities, it is necessary for them to produce their own fuel in order to generate electric energy and promote the development. These are the premises that have guided the elaboration of the project PROVEGAM - which has as objective, the installation and performance testing of a conventional diesel engine, adapted to operate with palm oil 'in natura' at the community of Vila Soledade, city of Moju, Para State. Vila Soledade is an isolated community that has, approximately, 700 inhabitants. The PROVEGAM project installed a diesel generator adapted with a conversion kit to operate with 'in natura' palm oil. The operation begins and finishes with diesel oil, in order to heat the palm oil and cleaning possible residues. During the diesel generator installation, diesel oil emissions and performance were compared with the palm oil. Analysing the results, this electric model of generating energy is already recommended to be implemented in others Amazon region communities. (author)

Generation of biomechanics three-dimensional image for development of projects of custom implants in titanium alloy; Geracao de imagem tridimensional biomecanica para desenvolvimento de projetos de implantes personalizados em liga de titanio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gregolin, Rafael Ferreira, E-mail: rfgregolin@gmail.com [Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS (Brazil); Zavaglia, Cecilia Amelia de Camargo [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil); Tokimatsu, Ruis Camargo; Joao Antonio Pereira [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, SP (Brazil)

2014-07-01

Three-dimensional modeling is an indispensable tool in manufacturing biomodels. Only after the development of a 3D design can be produced, by rapid prototyping, CNC machining, identical models of the areas of the human body. To perform computational numerical analysis is essential the creation of three-dimensional models. To Custom prostheses the use of the image of the deployment region for the development of customized implant is extremely important because it assists in the process. Only with the 3D design of the deployment region is achieved by testing and improving the designer of the prosthesis with great perfection. In the study presented here was developed a three-dimensional modeling of the jaw of a patient by computed tomography (CT) of the skull of the same . The Invesalius software was used, from the files generated by CT, to create a 3D picture of the skull. This image was exported in STL format for Rhinoceros® software to be cleaned, smoothed and separate the region of interest. After working in Rhinoceros® the image was transformed into a NURBS solid and saved in IGES format. This extension (IGES) was chosen to export the image to the Ansys Workbench® software and thus perform a static structural finite element analysis by applying own forces and fixations of human anatomy. The greatest stress found in the mandible was 213.59 MPa. (author)

Electricity generation using vegetal oils: the implantation model for the isolated communities in the Amazon Region; Geracao de eletricidade a partir de oleos vegetais: um modelo de implantacao para comunidades isoladas amazonicas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coelho, Suani Teixeira; Silva, Orlando Cristiano; Velazquez, Silvia M.S.G.; Monteiro, Maria Beatriz C.A.; Silotto, Carlos Eduardo G [Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa - CENBIO, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2004-07-01

The territorial occupation from the Amazon region is characterized by isolated communities, which makes the conventional electric distribution economically and technically impracticable. To solve the electric problem of these communities, it is necessary for them to produce their own fuel in order to generate electric energy and promote the development. These are the premises that have guided the elaboration of the project PROVEGAM - which has as objective, the installation and performance testing of a conventional diesel engine, adapted to operate with palm oil 'in natura' at the community of Vila Soledade, city of Moju, Para State. Vila Soledade is an isolated community that has, approximately, 700 inhabitants. The PROVEGAM project installed a diesel generator adapted with a conversion kit to operate with 'in natura' palm oil. The operation begins and finishes with diesel oil, in order to heat the palm oil and cleaning possible residues. During the diesel generator installation, diesel oil emissions and performance were compared with the palm oil. Analysing the results, this electric model of generating energy is already recommended to be implemented in others Amazon region communities. (author)

Small disturbances stability analysis applied in a radial distribution system with distributed generation units; Analise de estabilidade a pequenos disturbios aplicada em um sistema de distribuicao radial com unidades de geracao distribuida

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dorca, Daniel Azevedo; Camacho, Jose Roberto [Universidade Federal de Uberlandia (UFU), MG (Brazil). Curso de Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrica

2008-07-01

This work investigates the small-disturbance stability of a 30 bus radial distribution system with distributed generation units. This work is realized through the time domain simulations and through the eigenvalue analysis and participation factors. The eigenvalue analysis show that is possible to predict a possible system instability face to a disturbance. The development of this work was stimulated by the increasing of the distributed generation units in the distribution networks. (author)

Balanced evaluation of energy systems: development of an integration model between use and energy generation; Avaliacao balanceada de sistemas energeticos: desenvolvimento de um modelo de integracao entre uso e geracao de energia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marins, Karin Regina de Castro [Universidade do Estado de Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo]. E-mail: kmarins@gmail.com

2006-07-01

The present theme treats of urban and environment planning through an integrated approach. Developed as master of science dissertation, the project included the development of a balanced evaluation of energy systems, having in mind the efficient, potentialize initiatives of both sides. In the system of 'Energy use' strategies for energy efficiency in residential and commercial buildings from urban, architecture solutions were included. In {sup e}nergy generation{sup ,} urban centralized systems and distributed generation systems were included. Electricity, environmental heating and refrigeration were considered, excepting peaks in the daily consumption. The model involve quantitative evaluation modules and graphical interfaces, giving support to development of project and decision making processes, demonstrating the advantages of the integrated approach.

Artificial neural networks applied to the prediction of spot prices in the market of electric energy; Redes neurais artificiais aplicadas na previsao de precos spot no mercado de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodrigues, Alcantaro Lemes; Grimoni, Jose Aquiles Baesso [Univesidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil). Inst. de Eletrotecnica e Energia], emails: alcantaro@iee.usp.br, aquiles@iee.usp.br

2010-07-01

The commercialization of electricity in Brazil as well as in the world has undergone several changes over the past 20 years. In order to achieve an economic balance between supply and demand of the good called electricity, stakeholders in this market follow both rules set by society (government, companies and consumers) and set by the laws of nature (hydrology). To deal with such complex issues, various studies have been conducted in the area of computational heuristics. This work aims to develop a software to forecast spot market prices in using artificial neural networks (ANN). ANNs are widely used in various applications especially in computational heuristics, where non-linear systems have computational challenges difficult to overcome because of the effect named 'curse of dimensionality'. This effect is due to the fact that the current computational power is not enough to handle problems with such a high combination of variables. The challenge of forecasting prices depends on factors such as: (a) foresee the demand evolution (electric load); (b) the forecast of supply (reservoirs, hydrology and climate), capacity factor; and (c) the balance of the economy (pricing, auctions, foreign markets influence, economic policy, government budget and government policy). These factors are considered be used in the forecasting model for spot market prices and the results of its effectiveness are tested and huge presented. (author)

Paradigm of planning under uncertainties - application to the planning of the electric energy distribution system; Paradigma de planejamento sob incertezas - aplicacao ao planejamento dos sistemas de distribuicao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bianchi Junior, Alberto; Reis, Lineu Belico dos

1996-07-01

In this work it is presented an original methodology of multistage planning, with conflictive objectives and restrictions, incorporating the concept of uncertainties. To do so, the proposed paradigm is based on the dynamic programming, which comprehends the multistage processes subjected to conflictive restrictions; on the Fuzzy Sets Theory, through the decisions and Fuzzy numbers, which model the uncertainties and ambiguous decisions relative to qualitative variables; and on the consideration of 'evolutional rules' associated to 'network flow' algorithm. In its conceptual elaboration, the paradigm is developed in a very ample way, of generalized application to a well defined class of planning problems. Particularly, the model fits in the ambit of the flexible planning, which has been very discussed in the recent literature. Flexible planning must be understood as the one which allows to the planner, under well-defined limits, the evaluation of the planning policy composed by 'strips' of actions (discrete or continuous), associated to uncertainty levels related to the 'real world'. In order to validate and consolidate the theoretic concepts, it was elaborated an algorithm turned to the aggregated planning of the distribution of electric power, that presents intrinsic characteristics which are perfectly fitted in the paradigm's applicability. Through comparisons effectuated with and pre-validated algorithm, evaluations related to the potentialities and to the coherence of the paradigm's applicability were made. (author)

Economic analyse of industrial production and electric energy consumption on a sugar-alcohol plant; Analise economica da producao industrial e do consumo de energia eletrica em uma usina sucro-alcooleira

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bini, Aderson

1993-10-01

Economic aspects of industrial production of sugar cane and automotive alcohol fuel, the relation between its production and electric energy consumption, electric energy costs to self generated electric power and concessionary supply, involved in plant production on Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil, are presented. Studies to verify the relationships between sugar and alcohol production with milling ours as well as sugar cane processed with sugar and alcohol produced are also discussed 27 refs., 12 figs., 38 tabs.

2015 Plan. Project 4: electric power supply, technologies, cost and availability. Sub-project forest biomass. Plano 2015. Projeto 4: oferta de energia eletrica, tecnologia, custos e disponibilidades. Subprojeto biomassa florestal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1993-07-01

The potential and the costs of forest biomass utilization for electric power generation in Brazil are evaluated, including a discussion of the technologies and the forecasts in fuel production area (forests management) and in electric power conversion and generation areas. The socio-economics and environmental aspects referring to wood utilization as energetic resource are also described. (C.G.C.).

The convergence of the natural gas industry and electric power industry: the Brazilian case; Convergencia entre a industria do gas natural e a industria de energia eletrica: o caso brasileiro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Almeida, Jose Ricardo Uchoa Cavalcanti [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Programa de Planejamento Energetico

2008-07-01

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the convergence between power (electric sector) and natural gas industries in Brazil. It also shows how this convergence happens in the USA market and its applicability in the Brazilian market. At the end some conclusions and suggestions are presented to satisfy the Brazilian market, which behaves in a different way as the USA market, i.e. the Brazilian market does not follow seasonal pattern but an aleatory pattern in thermoelectric plants. (author)

Calculation of cooling internal circuits loss of load curve in giant electric machines; Calculo da curva de perda de carga dos circuitos axiais internos de refrigeracao de maquinas eletricas gigantes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Hilton Penha [Parana Univ., Curitiba, PR (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica. Dept. de Engenharia do Produto; Passos, Alex Sandro Barbosa [Parana Univ., Curitiba, PR (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica. Dept. de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento do Produto

2001-07-01

This article describes a method for calculation of the loss of load curve for the ventilation axial circuits. The method assumes the ventilation circuit representation in a way similar to the electrical circuits. The great difficulty of circuit solution resides in the non linearity of the loss of load resistances and the equations relating the pressures and flows. The method is based on the association of the resistance curves of loss of load in a such way that, when the resistance curve of the total circuit loss of load is obtained, the blower operation point can be easily obtained and, consequently, the individual flows for each section of the circuit.

Impact of energy efficiency and alternative sources in the Brazilian electric matrix: scenarios 2005-2050; Impacto da eficiencia energetica e das fontes alternativas na matriz eletrica brasileira: cenarios 2005-2050

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saidel, Marco A.; Gimenes, Andre L.V.; Fujii, Ricardo J. [Universidade de Sao Paulo (GEPEA/USP), SP (Brazil). Dept. de Energia e Automacao Eletricas. Grupo de Energia; Furtado, Marcelo [Greenpeace Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

Part of a worldwide initiative championed by Greenpeace International and EREC - European Renewable Energy Council, a partnership between Greenpeace Brazil and GEPEA/USP were established for producing two national alternative energy scenarios, as a blueprint for how to meet forthcoming Brazilian energy needs in a sustainable way. Such scenarios, one reflecting the views of GEPEA/USP and another the perceptions by Greenpeace, were both based on a reference scenario strongly drawing from the 'Plano Decenal 2006-2015' and the 'Plano Nacional de Energia 2030', both by the Ministry of Mines and Energy. From the alternative scenarios one may see that is feasible to satisfy the increasing Brazilian demand through the integrated deployment of alternative resources, Natural Gas fueled thermal power plants and energy conservation measures. To develop the Brazilian electricity energy base in such terms, however, is mandatory to conduct further debate on energy planning issues, conservation measures and alternatives resources concerns included. (author)

Study of a cogeneration system (power and cooling) operating with two distinct prime-movers; Estudo de um sistema de cogeracao (potencia eletrica e refrigeracao) operando com dois motores termicos distintos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benito, Yipsy Roque; Parise, Jose Alberto Reis [Pontificia Univ. Catolica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica], e-mail: gipsyrb@mec.puc-rio.br, e-mail: parise@mec.puc-rio.br; Vargas, Jose Viriato Coelho [Universidade Federal do Parana (DEM/UFPR), Curitiba, PR (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica], e-mail: jvargas@demec.ufpr.br

2006-07-01

When dealing with complex thermal systems generating different energy products from a single fuel source (for example, as in the present work, electric and refrigeration power, with two gas-powered prime movers), one has to find the most energy efficient production scheme. To that end, each load demand (power and cooling), the efficiencies of each component, the cooling to power load ratio and the power distribution among the prime-movers, all have to be considered. This work presents the main equations for the energy balance of a cogeneration system with two primemovers (a gas turbine and an internal combustion engine), a waste heat driven absorption chiller and an auxiliary vapor compression chiller. The energy conservation equation was applied for each control volume comprising the system. Three possible cases were defined according to how cooling power demand and cooling power produced by the waste heat driven absorption cycle compared. As a result, characteristic performance curves were obtained for a typical application, allowing for the determination of maximum global efficiency values (represented by an energy conversion ratio) as a function of: the electric power to cooling power demand ratio, of the power generation distribution ratio among the two prime-movers, and of the part-load ratio operation of each prime mover. The resulting system of equations was solved by the software EES (Engineering Equation Solver{sup R}). (author)

Analysis of the Brazilian national regulatory overview aiming the insertion of mini and micro hydroelectric power plants in the energy market; Analise do panorama regulatorio nacional visando a insercao das mini e microcentrais hidreletricas no mercado de energia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferrari, Jason Tibirica

2006-07-01

The significant expansion of Small Hydro Power plant - SHPs, in the past seven years, can be largely credited, to the incentives regulated by ANEEL, with the intention of stimulating the construction of those enterprises. Among other incentives, they deserve prominence: the authorization no payment for exploration of the hydraulic potential; the relative discharge of financial compensation for the use of hydraulic resources; and the discounts, foreseen in law, for power grid use. In the period of 1998 to October of 2004, ANEEL authorized the construction of 308 SHPs, throughout Brazil, and it allowed the refurbishment of further 46 plants. Besides, it registered 192 hydropower plants , with smaller potency or same to 1 MW, denominated MHP - Mini and Micro Hydropower Plants. Part of this universe of 500 small or miniplants, 43 are located in Sao Paulo state and the great majority in Minas Gerais. In seven years of existence ANEEL granted, 4.576 MW of SHPs and MHP. Those enterprises will contribute to the expansion of the offer of energy, with economy of the use of transmission lines, once the power plant is located, in general, close of the consumer market. The small hydropower plants and mini hydropower plants exemplify a interesting and creative alternative to assist the energy infrastructure development, respecting the other pillars, relative to the environment and the sustainable development. On this context is possible to highlight the value of renewable and less pollutant sources of energy, as well as the prevention of the negative environmental impacts. These types of projects are the ones that come close to perfection, even if considered the available technological resources of the time they were built. Moreover, it can serve as paradigm for the contemporary engineers. All those that, in fact were wrapped up in the recovery or refurbishment of those preciousness, unanimously pay tribute to the SHPs. (author)

Utilization of the secondary energy of Itaipu, Parana State, Brazil, for electrolytical ammonia production for nitrogenous fertilizers synthesis; Utilizacao da energia secundaria da usina hidreletrica de Itaipu, PR, Brasil para producao de amonia eletrolitica para sintese de fertilizantes nitrogenados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza, S.N.M. de; Siqueira, J.A.C.

2000-07-01

Secondary energy can be described as a surplus of electrical energy in hydraulic power plant due to the lower demand of energy during some periods of time, and the excess of water in the reservoir, during rainy periods. The largest hydroelectric power plant both in Brazil and South America is Itaipu, jointly operated by Brazil and Paraguay. This power plant has a large amount of secondary energy available, and this energy is lost as no turbine spilled water out of the reservoir. This study proposes the using of this energy for electrolytic hydrogen production and ammonia for nitrogenous fertilizers. The hydrogen is produced as a gas by mean of electrolyses and with the atmospheric nitrogen for the electrolytic ammonia synthesis, used as the most important raw material for the nitrogen fertilizers synthesis. This study performs the determination of the minimal cost of hydrogen production and the correspondent hydrogen production capacity in accordance with the ammonia market for nitrogenated fertilizers in the Center/South region, estimating the better production capacity for an ammonia plant to be installed close to Itaipu.

A fuzzy set decision making model applied to electric power systems operation planning; Um modelo de decisao baseado em conjuntos nebulosos aplicado ao planejamento da operacao de sistemas de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Valenca, Mauricio Mendonca

1993-05-01

The power system static operation planning has a main objective the determination of performance strategies which satisfy operational criteria. A fuzzy set decision model which takes the load attainment and the compromise between optimality and critical operational constraints into account is presented. The prime characteristic of this methodology is the incorporation of the planner`s preferences structure in a decision process modeled by fuzzy sets. A routine of optimal power flow calculation is used as a computational tool for solving the nonlinear model of the electric power system and for defining the universe of discourse of the decision-making problem. tests were carried on a 30-bus IEEE system in order to find a compromise solution of electric operational goal versus reactive power generation limits. Results and conclusions are presented. (author) 28 refs., 32 figs.

A proposal for evaluation of the owner capital cost for the Brazilian electric power sector; Uma proposta de avaliacao do custo do capital proprio para o setor de energia eletrica brasileiro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Serrano, Ricardo Oliveira L.

2003-12-01

This work studies the owner capital cost of the brazilian electric sector, according to three methods: Comparable Accounting Earnings, that uses historical values in its measuring and Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), elaborated from the expected values. The obtained results by using the CAE method showed that the Brazilian electric sector has not been rewarded in its real necessity of maintenance and expansion. From this observation, it was considered appropriated not to take this method in the methodology presently proposed, which will be using only the single average of the CAPM and DCF models. The use of the results single average of this model presents the advantage of selecting specific characteristics of each one, and diluting the effects of occasional peak values. The owner capital cost obtained from this work was the average value of 19.73% for the studied period - 1995/2003 (17.12% for 2003), proximate to the obtained result by ANEEL - brazilian agency of electric power - for investments in energy distribution in Brazil, 17.47%, while Minardi and Sanvicente (2003) obtained 36.06% for the owner capital cost of CEMIG in 2002, specifically.

Small nuclear power reactor emergency electric power supply system reliability comparative analysis; Analise da confiabilidade do sistema de suprimento de energia eletrica de emergencia de um reator nuclear de pequeno porte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bonfietti, Gerson

2003-07-01

This work presents an analysis of the reliability of the emergency power supply system, of a small size nuclear power reactor. Three different configurations are investigated and their reliability analyzed. The fault tree method is used as the main tool of analysis. The work includes a bibliographic review of emergency diesel generator reliability and a discussion of the design requirements applicable to emergency electrical systems. The influence of common cause failure influences is considered using the beta factor model. The operator action is considered using human failure probabilities. A parametric analysis shows the strong dependence between the reactor safety and the loss of offsite electric power supply. It is also shown that common cause failures can be a major contributor to the system reliability. (author)

Electric power social tariff: an environment of breach of contract, supply cuts and survival strategies; Tarifa social de energia eletrica: um ambiente de inadimplencia, cortes de fornecimento e estrategias de sobrevivencia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nunes Filho, Fernando Barreto; Nunes, Fernando Barreto; Nunes, Rina Azaryah Barreto. E-mail: fnunes@coelba.com.br

2002-07-01

This paper gives a contribution to the present debate on the electric power social tariff, focusing the maximum kWh level, for the payment difficulties of that client, and the client-concessionaire relationship. Initially, a theoretical basis is presented highlighting the role of the social stratification existent in the urban environment.

Proposal for creation of a small producer of electric power to the care of isolated communities; Proposta de criacao do pequeno produtor de energia eletrica para o atendimento de comunidades isoladas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parente, Vicente Gomes; Bortoni, Edson da Costa [Ministerio de Minas e Energia, Brasilia, DF (Brazil); Haddad, Jamil [Universidade Federal de Itajuba, MG (Brazil)

2008-07-01

The absence of a legal order regarding to the small-sized generation and distribution enterprises impede the power supplying of areas of noticeable interest, such as Amazon communities and national security areas, which depends on distribution network expansion, sometimes without economical feasibility. For such cases, this work proposes the creation of the small energy producer, which congregates the prerogatives of the Independent- and the self- producers of energy and, moreover, the small distribution systems. (author)

Bio psychosocial follow up of the CHESF (Hydro electric power of Sao Francisco river, PE, Brazil) operators; Acompanhamento biopsicossocial dos operadores CHESF (Companhia Hidro Eletrica do Sao Francisco, Recife, PE, Brazil)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cousseiro Neta, Thargelia Gilda de Miranda; Bezerra, Valdizia Costa; Figueiredo, Miguel Mitre de Amorim [Companhia Hidro-Eletrica do Sao Francisco (CHESF), Recife, PE (Brazil)

2000-07-01

This paper describes the project conception viewing the reduction of human failures occurring in the period of 1983-1998, characterizing the necessity of measurements for minimizing the presented failures. With this purpose, some measures were defined and processes implanted, with the following highlights: reviewing the occurrence analysis procedure; Control, Followup and Evaluation of perturbation analysis recommendations; qualification of the operation failure risks; forum of operation performance risks; control, followup and evaluation of the oral communication; bio psychosocial followup of the operator; technical certification.

The potential of photovoltaic systems linked to electric grid in urban areas: two cases studies; O potencial dos sistemas fotovoltaicos interligados a rede eletrica em areas urbanas: dois estudos de caso

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jardim, Carolina da Silva; Salamoni, Isabel; Ruether, Ricardo; Knob, Paulo [Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Civil. Lab. de Eficiencia Energetica em Edificacoes; Diniz, Antonia Sonia Cardoso [Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais (CEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

2004-07-01

Since the 70s, Brazil has been facing periods of financial restrictions and crises in the national electricity sector. Strategies to control the load curve mainly at the peak hours must start to be priority in the electricity sector. One option of displacement of this load is the use of photovoltaic generators (PV) connected to the utility grid. It is observed that the peak load over the day due to air-conditioning use occurs when the solar availability is high. The load curves, for regions of 'daytime consumption', will be analyzed and compared with the capacity of PV generation. Therefore, the effective load-carrying capacity (ELCC) of PV systems connected to the utility grid will be calculated, translating the capacity of PV plants of guaranteeing the supply of the load for a specific region analyzed. The ELCC will be relevant when adequate solar radiation exists and increasing energy consumption occurs, as well as when it is necessary to expand the electrical system, mainly transmission and distribution. The analysis can be made for any region in which solar generation and power consumption data are available. The study will help to verify the efficiency of PV systems to reduce the peak load over the day. This work aims to establish a methodology of identification of regions where PV generation can be applied for maximum benefits. (author)

Trading of the electric power originated at biomass - regulatory incentives in the new electric sector model; Comercializacao de energia eletrica proveniente de biomassa. Incentivos regulatorios no novo modelo do setor eletrico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mariotoni, Carlos Alberto [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Grupo de Planejamento Energeticos e Sistemas Eletricos]. E-mail: cam@fec.unicamp.br; Agapito, Cassiano Augusto; Lima, Rodrigo Alves [AES Tiete S.A., Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mails: cassiano.agapito@aes.com; rodrigoa.lima@aes.com

2006-07-01

Brazil offers excellent conditions to produce and use biomass as fuel in large scale. The electric energy generation from biomass presents a huge potential, however it is poorly explored up to this moment. Among the prime reasons by the lack of investments in that sector are the institutional obstacles and the risk aversion of investors who have a different focus in business and have difficulty to understand the complex market rules. The Brazilian government shows interest in increase the share of that source in the national installed capacity, since various social and environmental advantages, besides supplementary between the hydraulic and biomass inventory. The regulation changes since the law 10,848/04 and the decree 5,163/04 modify the structure of the electrical energy market and brought some incentives to the sells of the energy deriving from biomass. The possibility of trade your capacity, the annual Physical Guarantee definition and the reduction on transmission and distribution costs will be the center of our discussion. (author)

The potential of photovoltaic systems linked to electric grid in urban areas: two cases studies; O potencial dos sistemas fotovoltaicos interligados a rede eletrica em areas urbanas: dois estudos de caso

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jardim, Carolina da Silva; Salamoni, Isabel; Ruether, Ricardo; Knob, Paulo [Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Civil. Lab. de Eficiencia Energetica em Edificacoes], e-mail: carolina@labeee.ufsc.br; Diniz, Antonia Sonia Cardoso [Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais (CEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

2004-07-01

Since the 70s, Brazil has been facing periods of financial restrictions and crises in the national electricity sector. Strategies to control the load curve mainly at the peak hours must start to be priority in the electricity sector. One option of displacement of this load is the use of photovoltaic generators (PV) connected to the utility grid. It is observed that the peak load over the day due to air-conditioning use occurs when the solar availability is high. The load curves, for regions of 'daytime consumption', will be analyzed and compared with the capacity of PV generation. Therefore, the effective load-carrying capacity (ELCC) of PV systems connected to the utility grid will be calculated, translating the capacity of PV plants of guaranteeing the supply of the load for a specific region analyzed. The ELCC will be relevant when adequate solar radiation exists and increasing energy consumption occurs, as well as when it is necessary to expand the electrical system, mainly transmission and distribution. The analysis can be made for any region in which solar generation and power consumption data are available. The study will help to verify the efficiency of PV systems to reduce the peak load over the day. This work aims to establish a methodology of identification of regions where PV generation can be applied for maximum benefits. (author)

The marginal cost of operation: a parameter for evaluating and regulating of the generation work program; O custo marginal de operacao: um parametro para a avaliacao e ajuste do programa de obras de geracao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lima, W M; Mendes, L N.F.; Almeida Gattass, E de [FURNAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

1990-12-31

The Brazilian Generator System is predominantly hydroelectric, with some reservoirs having a pluri annual regularization, providing a large storage capacity of potential power for the system. This water storage allows the reduction of the alertly effect from the natural flow over the hydraulic resources for electric power production. Due to this structural characteristic, the main operation problem of the system refers to a strategical determination of storage energy utilization and, consequently, the thermal generation level. This paper examines the theoretical concepts referring to the survey of this operation strategies and analyses the factors for improving. These concepts are also extended for the interconnected electric subsystems case, mainly the interchange effect over the operation strategies of each subsystem. Finally, the natural flow sample influence over the marginal cost is analysed, comparing the obtained values with the historical sample and synthetical series of affluence. (C.G.C.). 7 refs, 2 figs, 5 tabs.

Methodology for prioritizing projects considering the generation, transmission and distribution integrated planning and the financial restraints; Metodologia para priorizacao de projetos, considerando o planejamento integrado de geracao, transmissao e distribuicao e as restricoes financeiras

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza, Denis Claudio Cruz de; Andrade, Eduardo Leopoldino de; Pimentel, Elson Luiz de Almeida; Pinto, Everton Barroso [Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais (CEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

1995-12-31

This technical report presents a methodology for economical evaluation and work design priorities in the electric system and the experience of CEMIG, an electric power utility of State of Minas Gerais - Southeast Brazil, in defining its transmission expansion plan. It is presented and discussed the concept of integrated projects for expansion, involving generation, transmission, distribution, automation and telecommunication works 3 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.

Optimization of the vapor/carbon rate in the project of a hydrogen generation unit from naphtha; Otimizacao da relacao vapor/carbono no projeto de uma unidade de geracao de hidrogenio a partir de nafta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baleroni, Dirceu; Silva, Mauro [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Centro de Pesquisas

1993-12-31

This paper presents a study of the economic optimization of the steam to carbon ratio in the design of a 550,000 Nm{sup 3}/day plant producing hydrogen from naphtha. The effect of the steam to carbon ratio on the production cost and on the plant operational flexibility was taken into account. The process includes feed desulfurization, steal reforming, carbon monoxide conversion and pressure swing adsorption purification. The paper analyzes the influence of the steam to carbon ratio on the purity of the hydrogen product and on the operational cost of an existing 212,000 Nm{sup 3}/day hydrogen from naphtha unit. (author) 17 refs., 2 figs., 11 tabs

Evaluation of the price volatility of short-term in Brazil and its relation with the thermal generation; Avaliacao da volatilidade do preco de curto prazo no Brasil e sua relacao com a geracao termica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heideier, R.B.; Prado, F.A.A.; Saidel, M.A.; Ueocka, M.Z. [Universidade de Sao Paulo (EPUSP), SP (Brazil). Escola Politecnica. Dept. de Energia e Automacao Eletricas], E-mails: fernando@sinerconsult.com.br, saidel@pea.usp.br, marcos.ueocka@poli.usp.br

2009-07-01

This article evaluate the intensity of volatility of the electric power prices in the short term market in selected countries. It were analyzed historical series of monthly prices of major energy markets worldwide, with assessment of the energy matrix of each region. The study, by analysis of data entry program for optimizing the operation of the SIN (NEWAVE and DECOM), concludes that the price volatility in short-term in Brazil is marked by the large variation of thermal power available, especially the lack of natural gas.

Life-cycle optimization model for distributed generation in buildings

Science.gov (United States)

Safaei, Amir

O setor da construcao e responsavel por uma grande parte do consumo de energia e emissoes na Uniao Europeia. A Geracao Distribuida (GD) de energia, nomeadamente atraves de sistemas de cogeracao e tecnologias solares, representa um papel importante no futuro energetico deste setor. A otimizacao do funcionamento dos sistemas de cogeracao e uma tarefa complexa, devido as diversas variaveis em jogo, designadamente: os diferentes tipos de necessidades energeticas (eletricidade, aquecimento e arrefecimento), os precos dinamicos dos combustiveis (gas natural) e da eletricidade, e os custos fixos e variaveis dos diferentes sistemas de GD. Tal torna-se mais complexo considerando a natureza flutuante das tecnologias solares termicas e fotovoltaicas. Ao mesmo tempo, a liberalizacao do mercado da eletricidade permite exportar para a rede, a electricidade gerada localmente. Adicionalmente, a operacao estrategica de um sistema de GD deve atender aos quadros politicos nacionais, se tiver como objetivo beneficiar de tais regimes. Alem disso, considerando os elevados impactes ambientais do setor da construcao, qualquer avaliacao energetica de edificios rigorosa deve tambem integrar aspetos ambientais, utilizando uma abordagem de Ciclo de Vida (CV). Uma avaliacao de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) completa de um sistema de GD deve incluir as fases relativas a operacao e construcao do sistema, bem como os impactes associados a producao dos combustiveis. Foram analisadas as emissoes da producao de GN, as quais variam de acordo com a origem, tipo (convencional ou nao-convencional), e estado (na forma de GN Liquefeito (GNL) ou gas). Do mesmo modo, o impacte dos sistemas solares e afetado pela meteorologia e radiacao solar, de acordo com a sua localizacao geografica. Sendo assim, uma avaliacao adequada dos sistemas de GD exige um modelo de ACV adequado a localizacao geografica (Portugal), integrando tambem a producao de combustivel (GN), tendo em conta as suas diferentes fontes de abastecimento. O

Impact of the construction of a hydroelectric power plant on the land cover and use: study of the basin Lajeado Bonito - RS; Impacto da construcao de uma usina hidreletrica no uso e cobertura da terra: estudo da bacia Lajeado Bonito-RS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tramontina, Juliana; Breunig, Fabio Marcelo [Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS (Brazil)

2015-07-01

This work aims to analyze the impact of the construction of a hydroelectric power plant on land cover and use in Lajeado Bonito-RS watershed. The study evaluated the temporal evolution of land cover and use in the watershed for the period before and after to installation of hydroelectric plant Foz do Chapeco (2009 to 2010). For temporal analysis, two images were interpreted, one orbital image of High Resolution Camera (HRC) onboard of the CBERS-2B, acquired in December 29, 2009. And a high-resolution image obtained from Google Earth application, acquired at December 26, 2010. The land cover and use maps were generated by vector editing SPRING software. We found that the predominant land use related to agriculture and livestock, including bare soil. In 2009 this class accounted for 70.23% of the total area, while it come to represent 61.8% in 2010. At the same time, there was increase of areas with native forest cover, from 27.49% covered by forest in 2009, to 31% in 2010. The results showed that in both 2009 and 2010 years, approximately 49% of permanent preservation area were used inappropriately. (author)

Application of the mechanism of clean development - MDL to the projects of PCHs operating in isolated system in Brazil; A aplicacao dos mecanismos de desenvolvimento limpo - MDL - em projetos de implantacao de pequenas centrais hidreletricas - PCHs em sistemas isolados no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nunes, Camila Fernandes

2006-07-01

The present work considered to analyze the potential of application of the Mechanism of Clean Development - MDL to the projects of PCHs operating in isolated system. For in such a way, the emissions of gases of effect had been entered greenhouse - GEEs proceeding from a thermoelectric plant operating with diverse types of fuels: oil diesel, combustible oil, natural gas and coal and the emissions of one hydropower plant - a PCH. For comparison effect two scenes of performance of a PCH had been considered standard of 15MW: the first one corresponding to an area flooded of 3km{sup 2} and according to an area of 13km{sup 2}. Had the absence of data of emissions of GEEs for PCHs, a correlation with data of available CO{sub 2} emission of the UHE Curua-Una was established (chosen for the availability of referring data the measurements C-CO{sub 2} emission). The values calculated for the method of chamber of diffusion, which had most of the carbon emissions proceeding from hydropower reservoirs had been used to be proceeding from the diffusion of CO{sub 2} in the surface. The gotten results had demonstrated that it is possible if to credit of the benefits of the MDL through the implantation of PCHs operating in isolated systems in substitution the thermal plants. (author)

Phytoplankton of the portion of the Paranapanema River to be dammed for construction of the Rosana Hydroelectric Plant, Sao Paulo State, Southern Brazil; Fitoplancton do trecho a represar do Rio Paranapanema (Usina Hidreletrica de Rosana), Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bicudo, Carlos E. de M.; Bicudo, Denise de C.; Castro, Ana Alice J. de; Picelli-Vicentim, M. Marcina [Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Secao de Ficologia

1992-12-31

The phytoplankton community of the 120 Km long portion of the Paranapanema River located between the Salto Grande Hydroelectric Plant reservoir and the river mouth at the Parana River is surveyed. This part of the river will be dammed for construction of the Rosana hydroelectric System in the State of Sao Paulo, southern Brazil. An inventory was completed for 4 collecting stations, and based on the study of 48 samples gathered bimonthly during the period from November 1985 to September 1986. Each collection is represented by a net concentrated and a raw total phytoplankton sample. Except for the Bacillariophyceae, study of which is still in progress, the other classes present were the following in order of their local representation: Chlorophyceae with 23 taxa, Zygnemaphyceae (= Cyanophyceae) with 9, Tribophyceace (= Xanthophyceae) with 2 each one, and Oedogoniophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Chrysophyceae with a single taxon each, to a total of 55 taxa identified. (author) 27 refs., 6 figs.

Key factors that influence the demand and the consumption of electric power in solar home systems; Principais fatores que influenciam a demanda e o consumo de energia eletrica em sistemas fotovoltaicos domiciliares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morante, Federico; Zilles, Roberto [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil). Programa Interunidades de Pos Graduacao em Energia. Lab. de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos

2004-07-01

From the results obtained with a field research looking for to understanding the behavior of the electric energy demand in Solar Home Systems, the aleatory influence factors in the demand was identified These can be contained in technical, management, psychological, geographical, demographic, socio cultural and economic factors. The purpose of this paper is to describe each of them and, simultaneously, present some registration discover with the field work. The survey involved 178 people and 13 rural communities located in the States of Sao Paulo, Pernambuco and Amazonas and, besides, in the Puno area, in Peru. Ten of those communities are electrified with photovoltaic systems and three with the conventional electric grid. (author)

Sustainable alternative for use of waste from pruning deriving from power distribution networks maintenance; Alternativa sustentavel para utilizacao de residuos de poda provenientes da manutencao das redes de distribuicao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cortez, Cristiane Lima; Grisoli, Renata; Gavioli, Fabio; Coelho, Suani Teixeira [Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa (CENBIO), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)], email: cenbio@iee.usp.br; Carmelo, Silma [AES Eletropaulo, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2008-07-01

In the context of the environmental issue, the increasing production of solid residues seems to be a problem due to scarcity of methods and solutions for the management. This article presents a project that has as objective to make a survey of the impacts caused by urban pruning residues generated by the electric energy concessionaire AES Eletropaulo, besides developing a method to standardize this residues composting. The obtained results refer to the observation that 50% of the cities that participated on the survey discard the residues in dumps or sanitary landfills, while only 8% perform composting. In the experimental composting plant built, the organic compound obtained reached satisfactory levels of quality with related to the specifications of minimum quality, but showed that humidity should be better controlled. The feasibility of implementing a composting plant was established, with the exception that the higher the production, the better the return on initial investment. Based in the concepts of environmental and social responsibility, we expect that the conclusion of this work can assist the civil, public and private sectors to contribute with the sustainable development. (author)

The inclusion of electric power and the challenge of sustainability in remote inland areas of the Amazon; A inclusao eletrica e o desafio da sustentabilidade nas areas remotas do interior da Amazonia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cavalcante, Andreia Santos; Cartaxo, Elizabeth Ferreira [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (NIEMA/UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil). Nucleo Interdisciplinar de Energia, Meio Ambiente e Agua

2008-07-01

This article brings some reflections on the National Program of Universalization of the Access and Use of the Electric Energy, Luz para Todos, in areas as the Amazonia. This Program when implanting and executing the actions characterized the Brazilian state in way uniform, disrespecting the particularity and diversity of the Amazon region. This attitude has not met of the goals foreseen for the electrification of the Amazonian, evidencing thus, that the geographic, cultural and social multiplicities of climates and characteristics constitute great obstacles for the implantation of homogeneous politics. This, for certain, demonstrates that the potential of development of each region has differentiated dynamic, which would have to influence and to direct the formularization of politics. It characterizes this proposal bold and ambitious of the Federal Government from carried through empirical experience in an Amazonian community, Terra Preta do Limao, located in the city of Barreirinha. In this way, given referring to the organizational structure, the situation of job and income, to the access the social goods and services and the productive occupational vocation of this population bring answers on the impacts of the program in the improvement of the quality of life of this social segment. Moreover, it presents indications of that the resources destined to the implantation of the program, make impracticable, for its high cost, other social priorities. Although the electric energy is essential for the economic progress of a country, the expansion of its services to the necessary society to be seen in accord with sustainable criteria, of form to prevent the exploration and high consumption of the natural resources and the wastefulness of energy. With this reading, the work if considers to show to the incoherencies of the Program in the State of Amazon, evidencing the obstacles for the reach of the goals traced for the State. Therefore, considering what the Amazonia represents for Brazil and the world, it emphasizes the need for a different look to the region because this is the way to promote development that is sustainable for the Amazon. (author)

The Brazilian experience of incentive of renewable sources expansion by means of electric power auctions; A experiencia brasileira de incentivo a expansao das fontes renovaveis por meio de leiloes de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Viana, Alexandre Guedes [Camara de Comercializacao de Energia Eletrica (CCEE), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Parente, Virginia [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil)

2010-07-01

The aim of this paper is to present the Brazilian experience to encourage renewable sources of power generation through the auctions into the Regulated Environment of Contracting. These auctions are subdivided into auctions of existing plants, new plants, alternative sources and structural plants. In this process we observe the structure of the mechanism for contracting new projects of renewable sources without neglecting the low tariffs issues. Thus, the auctions of electricity in Brazil is an alternative to be considered in an attempt to group market mechanisms, low tariffs and incentives to renewable sources of generation. (author)

Cogeneration of electric power in the sugar and alcohol sectors: registration of the power plants in Sao Paulo, Brazil; Cogeracao de energia eletrica no setor sucroalcooleiro: cadastro das usinas em Sao Paulo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Borges, Gustavo Goncalves [Federacao das Industrias do Estado de Sao Paulo (FIESP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Moreira, Helemilton Rios; Silva, Edison da [Agencia Reguladora de Saneamento e Energia do Estado de Sao Paulo (ARSESP), SP (Brazil)

2008-07-01

One of the major difficult for the planning of co-generation industry of electricity from the sugar cane bagasse is the determination of their true potential. This question comes up, especially in the lack of information about the sugar and ethanol facilities, therefore for the study of potential, we can not just focus on the issue of the cane grinding, but also in technology, the configuration of the power plant and its capacity to export energy. This paper presents a proposal to minimize this difficulty, detailing a solution dedicated to the development of a database for the registration and monitoring of these plants, part of a series of actions regarding in the Understanding Protocol for the promotion of co-generation of bagasse, signed between FIESP and the Government of the State of Sao Paulo. (author)

Real time stagger of electric network advanced analysis functions of a modern control center; Escalonamento em tempo real das funcoes avancadas de analise de rede eletrica de um moderno centro de controle

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zagari, Eduardo Nicola Ferraz

1996-02-01

This work presents two models for implementation of staggers for network analysis functions in real time for a control center. The methodology is described. Tests were performed in a electric power system of Campinas region, Sao Paulo sate - Southeast Brazil. Results are presented.

Model of spatial analysis of electric power market using the Fuzzy C-Means technical classification; Modelo de analise espacial de mercado de energia eletrica utilizando a tecnica de classificacao Fuzzy C-Means

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neto, J.C. [Companhia Energetica de Goias (CELG-D), Goiania, GO (Brazil)], E-mail: joao.cn@celg.com.br; Lima, W.S. [Votorantim Siderurgia, Resende, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Gerencia Geral de Tecnologia], E-mail: wagner.lima@vmetais.com.br

2009-07-01

The power distribution companies live with an antagonistic reality: an increasing energy demand, due to steady economic and population growth, and a limitation on their financial resources to expand its network. Therefore, it is essential an improvement in activity of planning of the power distribution system trying to improve the application of available resources. In this context fits the application of Geographic Information System combined with clustering techniques and classification in order to enhance the planning process, giving the planner a more complete picture of the consumer market by the distributor. This paper presents a system that makes use of Geographic Information System combined with the technique of clustering and classification Fuzzy C-Means, with the aim of analyzing the distribution of network load and the performance of the technique. Each group performed leads to a spatial representation (scenario). This, together with an index measuring the performance of the group (intra-group and inter-group) implemented in this work, provides a favorable environment for spatial analysis of the electric power market.

Techniques of artificial intelligence applied to the electric power expansion distribution system planning problem; Tecnicas de inteligencia artificial aplicadas ao problema de planejamento da expansao do sistema de distribuicao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Froes, Salete Maria

1996-07-01

A tool named Constrained Decision Problem (CDP), which is based on Artificial Intelligence and a specific application to Distribution System Planning is described. The CDP allows multiple objective optimization that does not, necessarily, result in a single optimal solution. First, a literature review covers published works related to Artificial Intelligence applications to Electric Power Distribution Systems, emphasizing feeder restoration and reconfiguration. Some concepts related to Artificial Intelligence are described, with particular attention to Planning and to Constrained Decision Problems. Following, an Electric Power System planning model is addressed by using the CDP tool. Some case studies illustrate the Distribution Planning model, which are compared with standard optimization models. Concluding, some comments establishing the possibilities of CDP applications are followed by a view on future developments. (author)

Studies of the potential for electric power conservation into a large data processing center; Estudos das potencialidades de conservacao de energia eletrica em um centro de processamento de dados de grande porte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cassula, A.M.; Freire Junior, J.C. [Universidade Estadual Paulista (FEG/UNESP), Guaratingueta, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia. Dept. de Engenharia Eletrica], Emails: agnelo@feg.unesp.br, Jose-Celso.Freire@feg.unesp.br; Consorte, M.F. [Instituto Tecnologico de Aeronautica (ITA/CTA), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil)], Email: mconsorte@gmail.com

2009-07-01

The present work aims to find the potentialities for energy conservation in a large Data Processing Center, through an analysis of the operation and control of the cooling air from the server room. An important aspect is that the DPC must necessarily work within the limits of temperature and therefore the demand control should be scheduled taking into account this restriction. Other aggravating factor is that the DPC in question is responsible for providing services for all of Latin America, operating twenty-four hours seven days a week. The study aims to examine possible improvements by applying the concept of energy efficiency, which is based on reducing the cost of electric power without affecting the reliability and quality of the final services. A case study will be presented containing simulations of the operation of the proposed demand control, where it will be possible to select the best option for the demand to be contracted with the energy provider.

Study of the process for accelerating ammonia generation from poultry residues aiming its hydrogen production; Estudo do processo para a aceleracao da geracao de amonia a partir de residuos avicolas visando a producao de hidrogenio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Egute, Nayara dos Santos

2010-07-01

The hydrogen, utilized in fuel cells, can be produced from a variety of intermediate chemicals, between them, the ammonia. The ammonia gas as a raw material for the hydrogen production has been used due to its high energetic content, facility of decomposition, high availability, low prices, low storage pressure and its by-products are environmentally correct. One of the sources of ammonia is poultry and egg production systems. In these systems the ammonia is produced from the decomposition of uric acid present in the excreta of birds. The residue from the poultry-rearing farms is the broiler litter and from the egg production system is the excreta without any substrate. The characterization of these residues was performed using the wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), elementary analysis (CHN), thermogravimetry and GC/MS - gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry. The studied factors which influence the ammonia volatilization were: nitrogen content, raising period, urease enzyme, temperature, pH and moisture content. The experiment results with poultry litter and excreta allow to conclude that the manipulation of the following parameters increased the ammonia emission: pH, nitrogen content, raising period, age of birds and excreta accumulation, urease enzyme and the temperature. The addition of different amounts of sand in the excreta and different volumes of water in the poultry litter inhibited the emission of ammonia. The variation of the quantity of material (broiler litter or excreta) and the volume of the flask used as incubator chamber showed no significant alterations to be chosen as a variable. The excreta was considered more appropriate than poultry litter for the objectives of this work due to the higher ammonia concentrations determined in this material. Due to the large amount of poultry litter and excreta from the production processes, the reuse of poultry residues to obtain ammonia is necessary to improve the quality of the local environment. The possibility of ammonia emission increment observed in this study, and its use in a system of ammonia generation - hydrogen production - fuel cell might produce electricity in the enterprise, reducing the expenses of the farms and providing a properly destination for these residues. (author)

Study of the acceleration of ammonia generation process from poultry residues aiming at hydrogen production; Estudo do processo para a aceleracao da geracao de amonia a partir de residuos avicolas visando a producao de hidrogenio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Egute, Nayara dos Santos

2010-07-01

The hydrogen, utilized in fuel cells, can be produced from a variety of intermediate chemicals, between them, the ammonia. The ammonia gas as a raw material for the hydrogen production has been used due to its high energetic content, facility of decomposition, high availability, low prices, low storage pressure and its by-products are environmentally correct. One of the sources of ammonia is poultry and egg production systems. In these systems the ammonia is produced from the decomposition of uric acid present in the excreta of birds. The residue from the poultry-rearing farms is the broiler litter and from the egg production system is the excreta without any substrate. The characterization of these residues was performed using the Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (WDXRF), Elementary Analysis (CHN), Thermogravimetry and GC/MS - Gas chromatography/ Mass spectrometry. The studied factors which influence the ammonia volatilization were: nitrogen content, raising period, urease enzyme, temperature, pH and moisture content. The experiment results with poultry litter and excreta allow to conclude that the manipulation of the following parameters increased the ammonia emission: pH, nitrogen content, raising period, age of birds and excreta accumulation, urease enzyme and the temperature. The addition of different amounts of sand in the excreta and different volumes of water in the poultry litter inhibited the emission of ammonia. The variation of the quantity of material (broiler litter or excreta) and the volume of the flask used as incubator chamber showed no significant alterations to be chosen as a variable. The excreta was considered more appropriate than poultry litter for the objectives of this work due to the higher ammonia concentrations determined in this material. Due to the large amount of poultry litter and excreta from the production processes, the reuse of poultry residues to obtain ammonia is necessary to improve the quality of the local environment. The possibility of ammonia emission increment observed in this study, and its use in a system of ammonia generation - hydrogen production - fuel cell might produce electricity in the enterprise, reducing the expenses of the farms and providing a properly destination for these residues. (author)

Rational use of electrical energy in artificial light in the production of chrysanthemum seedlings in greenhouse; Uso racional de energia eletrica em iluminacao artificial na producao de mudas de crisantemo em ambiente protegido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

David, Eduardo [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEA/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Agricola], e-mail: eduardo.david@gr.unicamp.br; Rossi, Luiz Antonio [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (DEA/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Agricola], e-mail: rossi@agr.unicamp.br

2008-07-01

The type of artificial illumination employed for chrysanthemum cultivation in greenhouses to induce photo period effect will determine its growing rate as well as the energy consumption. Incandescent filament is currently employed for artificial illumination in chrysanthemum nursery to induce photo period effect. Nowadays new illumination technology is being tested aiming energy consumption reduction. The application of illumination based on electrical discharge in sodium or mercury vapor, as well as tubular or integrated compact fluorescent bulbs in chrysanthemum cultivation is identified as the objective of this research work. The experimental part of this work was carried out in a commercial greenhouse model employing five chrysanthemum variety as Papiro, Lindy White, Mona Lisa Rose, Euro Speedy and Stateman during winter and summer period. Parameters employed to the study variety behavior included: production per area, fresh matter weight, presence of flower sprouts and moisture content. The parameters known as electrical variables, like consumption, demand and power factor, together with the treatment energy efficiency index were used to analyze the employed illumination technologies and light bulbs type. Results showed differences between weight of fresh flowers and moisture content for the flowers variety under consideration. Productivity per unit area was noticed to be larger for discharge technology when compared with filament bulbs, for both varieties being tested. The lowest flower sprout occurrence was associated to the discharge technology with the exception of the variety Stateman produced with incandescent bulbs of 100 W in the winter plot. The unique exception related to discharge technology was associated to the White 23 W Integrated Compact Fluorescent bulb yielding 2.4% of flower sprouts compared with 0% of other bulb types associated to the production of the variety Euro Speedy. It was noticed from the results that the yellow integrated compact fluorescent bulbs (23 W) exhibited lower maximum demand as well as an average energy consumption of 75.51% when compared to incandescent filament bulb type (100 W) which is currently employed by the chrysanthemum growers. (author)

Load forecasting using different architectures of neural networks with the assistance of the MATLAB toolboxes; Previsao de cargas eletricas utilizando diferentes arquiteturas de redes neurais artificiais com o auxilio das toolboxes do MATLAB

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nose Filho, Kenji; Araujo, Klayton A.M.; Maeda, Jorge L.Y.; Lotufo, Anna Diva P. [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, SP (Brazil)], Emails: kenjinose@yahoo.com.br, klayton_ama@hotmail.com, jorge-maeda@hotmail.com, annadiva@dee.feis.unesp.br

2009-07-01

This paper presents a development and implementation of a program to electrical load forecasting with data from a Brazilian electrical company, using four different architectures of neural networks of the MATLAB toolboxes: multilayer backpropagation gradient descendent with momentum, multilayer backpropagation Levenberg-Marquardt, adaptive network based fuzzy inference system and general regression neural network. The program presented a satisfactory performance, guaranteeing very good results. (author)

The electric energy consumption in the city of Sao Paulo - Brazil: the residential sector in the eighties; O consumo de energia eletrica na cidade de Sao Paulo: o setor residencial nos anos oitenta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Borelli, A.B.; Sellito, Y.M.; Moreira, J.G.S. [Sao Paulo Univ., SP (Brazil). Inst. de Eletrotecnica e Energia

1994-07-01

This work analyses the evolution of the energy consumption in the residential sector of the city of Sao Paulo in the years of 19980, 1985 and 1990, and relates electric power cost participation in the family monthly stratified budget. Also, the price x consumption elasticity verified in the mentioned period is analysed.

Sustainability as a proposal for deployment of electrical energy in maroon isolated communities in Jalapao - TO, Brazil; Sustentabilidade como proposta para implantacao de energia eletrica em comunidades isoladas e quilombolas no Jalapao - TO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zukowski Junior, Joel Carlos; Santos, Weder Ferreira dos; Marcon, Rogerio Olavo; Nobrega, Silvestre Lopes da [Universidade Luterana do Brasil (CEULP/ULBRA), Palmas, TO (Brazil). Centro Universitario Luterano], e-mail: wedereira@yahoo.com.br

2008-07-01

Nowadays Brazil has many isolated communities. This isolation occurs mainly due to territorial conditions. Besides this aspect, the lack of structure produces another isolation, much more harmful, the social one. To promote social inclusion and sustainable development, some requirements are essential. Amongst all of them, the provision of electricity is the most prominent. This study aimed to provide electricity to an isolated community in Jalapao region, Mateiros city, in the state of Tocantins. It was installed a hybrid aeolian-photovoltaic system, with capacity to produce 9676.80 kWh per year. This electricity system aims to improve the production process, so it was installed at the local community workshop. The results indicate that the system can be sustainable if the community makes use of the whole potential of the electricity generation, using it in the production process. (author)

Comparative analysis of the cost of application for a blade of irrigation using electric energy and diesel; Analise comparativa do custo para aplicacao de uma lamina de irrigacao utilizando energia eletrica e diesel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sa Junior, Arionaldo; Carvalho, Jacinto de Assuncao; Oliveria, Eduardo Carvalho de [Universidade Federal de Lavras (DEG/UFLA), MG (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia], email: arionaldojr@hotmail.com

2011-07-01

The aim of this study was to estimate the cost of electric and diesel power for the application of 1 mm of irrigation in an area of 1 hectare. The Tariff Group considered was 'B' for low voltage and subgroup 'B2 Rural'. The fares used were obtained from CEMIG, being of R$ 0.22019. The diesel value adopted was the month of November 2010 in the southern region of Minas Gerais, comprising $ 1.97 L{sup -1}. For purposes of calculation, the total income of the height manometric were taken, respectively, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75% and 10, 25, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 mca. To calculate the total cost with the application of the depth of 1mm was considered that the cost of energy accounts for 65% and 75% for electric and diesel, respectively. The results show a increase in energy costs by increasing the total head. The use of systems more efficient pump reduces the cost of electric power in the order of 6.7% to 20% and diesel from 3.6% to 16.2% for the proposed situations. In all cases the electric power is more appropriate with regard to cost. The relationship between electricity and diesel is 51.62% and 15.98% for better and worse, respectively. (author)

Overview of alternative sources in the Brazilian electric matrix: incentive policies, the current market and future prospects; Panorama das fontes alternativas na matriz eletrica brasileira: politicas de incentivo, mercado atual e perspectivas futuras

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nogueira, Larissa Goncalves; Dedecca, Joao Gorestein; Jannuzzi, Gilberto de Martinno [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica; Gomes, Rodolfo Dourado [International Energy Initiative (IEI), Campinas, SP (Brazil)

2010-07-01

The Brazilian power matrix is among the cleanest in the world due to the large share of hydroelectric generation. In recent years, several efforts have been concentrated in an attempt to diversify the matrix from the insertion of other renewable alternatives sources. The aim of this study is to analyze the state of generation through biomass, wind and small hydropower sources, covered by specific auctions and the Proinfa, and solar energy (photovoltaic and thermal high temperature) in Brazil, besides trends development of these generation sources. (author)

Application of either gas or diesel generator group in peak time (economy in electric energy expenses); Aplicacao de grupo gerador diesel ou gas nos horarios de ponta (economia nos gastos com energia eletrica)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pereto, Antonio Soares [SABESP - Companhia de Saneamento Basico do Estado de Sao Paulo , SP (Brazil)

1998-07-01

This paper intend to demonstrate the results obtained with electric power expenses by applying electric energy generator groups during peak time in the Basic Sanitation Company of the Sao Paulo state, B R.

Non-isolated DC-AC converter with high voltage gain for autonomous systems of electric power; Conversor CC-CA nao isolado com alto ganho de tensao para aplicacao em sistemas autonomos de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silveira, George Cajazeiras [Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica do Ceara (CEFET/CE), Fortaleza, CE (Brazil); Torrico-Bascope, Rene P. [Universidade Federal do Ceara (PPGEE/UFC), Fortaleza, CE (Brazil). Programa de Pos Graduacao em Engenharia Eletrica; Borges Neto, Manuel Rangel [Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica de Petrolina (CEFET-PET), PE (Brazil)

2008-07-01

A non-isolated DC-AC converter with high voltage gain with two output sinusoidal voltage - 110 V and 220 V - and frequency 60 Hz for application in autonomous systems of electric power is proposed in this work. This topology consists of a boost converter with high voltage gain, based on three-state switching cell combined with a double half bridge inverter. This configuration type the size and the cost are reduced and the efficiency is gotten better, due to the reduced number of switches. The converters that compose this topology operate with high frequency, reducing the volume of the magnetic materials. can be mention as important characteristics: the voltage stress across the switches of the boost converter are low, due they be naturally clamped by one output filter capacitor, which allows the utilization of switches with lower conduction resistances, and the waveforms of the output voltage of the double half bridge inverter supplies for the load it is sinusoidal and it possesses low harmonic content. (author)

Impact of financial environmental incentives in the potential of electric power generation on the sugar cane plants; Impacto de incentivos financeiros de natureza ambiental no potencial de geracao de eletricidade nas usinas de cana-de-acucar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pinto, Claudio Plaza; Walter, Arnaldo [Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica. Area Interdisciplinar de Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos]. E-mail: claudiop@fem.unicamp.br; awalter@fem.unicamp.br

1999-07-01

The aim of the work is to present the electric power generation from biomass and the economic potential from sugar cane plants in Brazil. Computerized electricity costs simulation are presented and several financial incentives and external market effects are considered. The results are also presented and criticized.

Energetic-economical analysis of a stationary for energy generation with fuel cells and natural gas reforming; Analise energetico-economica de um sistema estacionario de geracao de energia com celulas a combustivel e reforma de gas natural

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Furtado, Jose Geraldo de Melo; Silva Junior, Fernando Rodrigues; Silva, Cristiane Abrantes da; Soares, Guilherme Fleury Wanderley; Lopes, Francisco da Costa; Serra, Eduardo Torres [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)]. E-mail: furtado@cepel.br; Codeceira Neto, Alcides [Companhia HidroEletrica do Sao Francisco (CHESF), Recife, PE (Brazil)

2008-07-01

Power systems based on fuel cells have been considered for residential and commercial applications in energy Distributed Generation (DG) market as these systems can minimize their acquisition, installation and operation high costs. In this work we present an experimental analysis of a power generation system formed by a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell unit and a natural gas reformer (fuel processor) for hydrogen production, of the CEPEL's Fuel Cell Laboratory. It was determined the electrical performance of the cogeneration system in function of the design and operational power plant parameters. Additionally, it was verified the influence of the activation conditions of the fuel cell electrocatalytic system on the system performance. It also appeared that the use of hydrogen produced from the natural gas catalytic reforming provided the system operation in excellent electrothermal stability conditions resulting in increase of the energy conversion efficiency and of the economicity of the cogeneration power plant. The maximum electrical efficiency achieved was around 38% and in all power range unit operated with average potential per single fuel cell higher than 0.60 V. (author)

Structure of a tropical island forest area directly affected by the hydroelectric power station of Pilar, Guaraciaba County, Minas Gerais; Estrutura de uma floresta estacional semidecidual insular em area diretamente afetada pela Usina Hidreletrica de Pilar, Guaraciaba, Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais

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Meira-Neto, Joao Augusto Alves; Silva, Alexandre Francisco da [Vicosa Univ., MG (Brazil). Dept. de Biologia Vegetal; Souza, Agostinho Lopes de [Vicosa Univ., MG (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Florestal; Paula, Alessandro de [Vicosa Univ., MG (Brazil). Curso de Pos-Graduacao em Botanica

1998-12-31

Electrical energy consumption in Brazil is increasing and new hydroelectric power stations are required. This work was carried out at a semi deciduous tropical island forest in Guaraciaba, MG to look for composition peculiarities and to provide a structural model which could be applied to reduce environmental damages caused by Pilar HPS. The point-centered quarter method was applied totalizing 50 sample units. Fifty five species were sampled and a Shannon diversity index (H) of 3.429 nats/individual found. The most important species were longiracemosus, Tapirira guianensis, Pera glabrata, Copaifera langsdorffii, Callophyllum brasiliensis and Guapira opposita. The Guaraciaba island forest presented the peculiarity of Podocarpus sellowii occurrence sellowii occurrence, a rare gymnosperm species that does not occur at nearby forests. The Guaraciaba island forest is probably representative of an original alluvial forest at Piranga valley. (author) 14 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

The using of alternative energy sources: the case of Small Hydroelectric Power Plants and the natural gas fuelled thermal electric power plants; O uso de fontes alternativas de energia: o caso das Pequenas Centrais Hidreletricas (PCHs) e das termoeletricas movidas a gas natural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza, Patricia Aparecida Pereira; Mauad, Frederico Fabio [Sao Paulo Univ., Sao Carlos, SP (Brazil). Escola de Engenharia. Centro de Recursos Hidricos e Ecologia Aplicada; Leme, Alessandro Andre [Sao Carlos Univ., SP (Brazil). Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias Sociais; Valencio, Norma Felicidade Lopes da Silva [Sao Carlos Univ., SP (Brazil). Dept. de Ciencias Sociais

2002-07-01

This paper emphasizes the modifications occurred in the brazilian electric sector at the end of the twenty century. The work also highlight the alternative sources (Small hydroelectric and thermoelectric power plants) as the most feasible in the political and institutional scenery for the complementation of the generator park.

Modelling and application of modern control techniques to governor and voltage regulator systems of synchronous machines of small hydroelectric power plants; Modelagem e aplicacao de tecnicas de controle moderno a sistemas reguladores de velocidade e tensao de maquinas sincronas de pequenas centrais hidreletricas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Claudio Homero Ferreira da

2002-07-01

In small hydroelectric plants the control system is quite simplified. It is sometimes mounted in a primitive and archaic way although it is functional. Performance of this system determines the final quality of the energy, stability and physical integrity of the apparatus as well as the whole electric system. Based on the present situation of the electric system, it is noticed a tendency in building and modernizing early small hydroelectric plants in order to increase energy supply very fast with low cost and satisfying environmental constraints. The development of mathematical tools and digital computer facilities have made possible the use of advanced automatic control structures that take into account the process stability even in presence of noise measurement and plant/model mismatch. Physical modifications in the plant are proposed in order to provide significant improvement in closed loop behaviour of the turbine speed and terminal voltage control. The decision ability and flexibility of the computer package to be developed are the major aspects that support this research. It will be intended to incorporate this control computer package into programmable logical controller. Experimental data from CEMIG's Martins Hydro Plant (4 x 2750 KVA), located in Uberlandia, Brazil, were used to identify and validate the system model. Pole placement, optimal control and model predictive control techniques were used to controller design. Perfect modeling and plant/model mismatch were considered in both presence and absence of state observers (full order and reduced order) in order to become accessible unmeasured states. Simulation results show developed controllers are promising for the system regulating. The proposed approaches offer a larger control flexibility taking into account plant/model mismatch and stability questions. These results contribute to a quality energy improvement associated to a cost reduction in energy generation process. (author)

Utilization of solar electric fence for containment of caprine in familiar production of the Pernambuco semi-arid region; Utilizacao de cerca eletrica solar para confinamento de caprinos na producao familiar do semi-arido pernambucano

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Costa, Heitor Scalambrini; Costa Neto, Guilherme [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Nucleo de Apoio a Projetos de Energias Renovaveis], Email: naper@ufpe.br; Araujo, Kassia; Silva, Gerson Flavio da; Raquel, Karine [ONG NAPER SOLAR, Recife, PE (Brazil). Centro de Estudos e Projetos], Email: nsolar@terra.com.br

2006-07-01

The Center for Studies and Projects - Naper Solar is an NGO, which works for the dissemination of use of alternative energies resources in the semi-arid Brazilian Northeast in collaboration with the Federal University of Pernambuco. It has implemented caprine raising systems in the back lands of Pajeu in the State of Pernambuco making use of electrified fences energized by solar energy.This project was executed in a joint effort with the City Halls of Afogados da Ingazeira e Sao Jose do Egito and the NGOs Diaconia and the Northeast Woman House and has benefited 20 families of farmers from 9 rural communities. It is funded by a Technical Cooperation Program established between the National Fund for the Environment - Ministry for the Environment and the Netherlands Government. The implemented system, in opposition to the traditional extensive production system, allow for a more animal sanitary control - minimizing the risks of contamination; a more controlled and balanced feeding system - taking into account the weight gaining factor together with pasture management, leading the a guarantee of food supply for the animals. Other advantages of this system include the reduction of fence cost and less deforesting. Electrical fences used in the contention of caprine are built with only 4 straight wires, fixed with isolators on wood posts spaced 10 m from each other, while the conventional fences use 9 barbed-wire lines fixed with clamps on posts spaced 1 m from each other. Therefore, the use of electrical fences instead of the conventional one represent a cost reduction, which can go as high as 40 % of the total cost. Besides that the electrical fences have low maintenance cost, easier and faster installation and relocation. The fenced areas vary from 0.5 ha to 4 ha for the raising of 5 to 50 animals. In the electrification of a fence one needs one photovoltaic module, one electrifier, a battery, isolators (passage and corner), electric ground rods and a thunderbolt deviator kit. In this work the component of an solar electric fence are described together with its main benefits and installation and maintenance costs. (author)

Evaluation of demand for water and electricity for papaya micro sprinkler irrigation system in Paraiba state, Brazil; Avaliacao das demandas de agua e energia eletrica para mamao irrigado por microaspersao no estado da Paraiba

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopes, Riuzuani Michelle Bezerra Pedrosa; Dantas Neto, Jose; Farias, Soahd Arruda Rached Farias; Azevedo, Carlos Alberto Vieira de [Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UAEAG/UFCG), PB (Brazil). Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais. Unidade Academica de Engenharia Agricola], Emails: riuzuani@yahoo.com.br, zedantas@deag.ufcg.edu.br, soahd_rached@hotmail.com, cazevedo@deag.ufcg.edu.br

2010-07-01

This study aimed to conduct an assessment on the demands for water and electricity for fruit irrigated by micro sprinkler irrigation in agricultural planning. We obtained the demands of gross water and electricity for papaya in 15 municipalities spread over the Rio Paraiba-PB, which was used by micro irrigation system with 90% application efficiency. The city of Joao Pessoa is the place to lower water consumption, requiring 32.9% of the amount required for papaya in Exile, which had the highest annual and daily evapotranspiration, combined with the lowest annual rainfall likely at a 75 % probability. The municipalities were chosen because they had a greater variance in terms of climate, in order to examine various irrigation demands. In Exile is a necessary volume of water-to 8.006,9 m{sup 3}.ha{sup -1}.year{sup -1} to produce one hectare of papaya while in Joao Pessoa need to 2.712,89 m{sup 3}.ha-1.year{sup -1}. The consumption of electricity in the city of Desterro is higher among the cities studied, necessitating 2.009,0 kW.ha{sup -1}.ano{sup -1} to produce one hectare of papaya, while in Joao Pessoa we only need 876,54 kW.ha {sup -1}.ano{sup -1} (author)

Technical papers presented at the 4. symposium of specialists in electric operational and expansion planning. v. 1; Artigos tecnicos apresentados no 4. simposio de especialistas em planejamento da operacao e expansao eletrica. v. 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-12-31

This document collects papers presented in the 4. Symposium of specialists in electric operation and expansion planning. The main problems affecting this sector in the world are discussed. Several cases studies are presented as well as state of the art and new developing technologies

The TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator) in a multi machine electric power system: the effects on the synchronizing power; O TCSC em um sistema de energia eletrica multimaquinas: os efeitos sobre a potencia sincronizante

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, J.C.; Colvara, L.D. [Universidade Estadual Paulista (FEIS/UNESP), Ilha Solteira, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Eletrica], Emails: jadiel_silva@hotmail.com, laurence@dee.feis.unesp.br

2009-07-01

The problem of stability of electric power systems, from the standpoint of ability to sync and how FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems) devices affect this ability in particular the TSCS (Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator) inserted into an environment multi machine, is addressed. The effects of this device on the power synchronizing are considered through analysis of the matrix admittance of the bar, focusing on the transfer admittances between machines.

Diagnosis of electric energy using for a cold storage room of chicken emphasizing energy efficiency measures; Diagnostico do uso de energia eletrica de um frigorifico de frangos de corte enfatizando medidas de eficiencia energetica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bueno, Leda Gobbo de Freitas [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Centro de Tecnologia; Rossi, Luis Antonio; Mederos, Barbara Teruel; Moura, Daniella Jorge de [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEA/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Agricola

2008-07-01

In the slaughterhouses the operations that if unchain in the one before slaughter until the storage of the end item are intensely dependents of the electric energy and answer for the final product quality. This work had as objective to diagnosis, to analyze and to consider solutions that lead to the rational use of the electric energy without intervening or keeping the product quality in the lines of production of one cold storage room of broiler including the storage process that uses chambers of cooling and freezing. This work was carried through in one cold storage room of slaughter of chicken situated in the state of Sao Paulo in the period of 2004 the 2008. Through the analyses it was verified that the compressors of the room of machines, responsible for the maintenance of the cold of cooled environments, had presented the biggest consumption of electric energy in the cold storage room, about 97%. It was observed that in none of the evaluated electric engines, the potency factor, reaches the value recommended for the ANEEL, and that possibly with the implantation of measures of conservation of electric energy pointers of energy efficiency as the load factor and the specific consumption they can be optimized. It was concluded to have imperfections in the use of the electric energy demonstrating necessity of the implementation of an action plan that aims at the conservation and the rational use of the energy and consequence reduction in the costs generated for production of broiler. (author)

Performance of the tariffs of a single-phase electric energy meter, type electronic, operating with non-linear loads; Desempenho tarifario do medidor monofasico de energia eletrica do tipo eletronico operando com cargas nao-lineares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, G.B.; Pinheiro Neto, D.; Lisita, L.R.; Machado, P.C.M.; Oliveira, J.V.M. [Universidade Federal de Goias (UFG), Goiania, GO (Brazil). Escola de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computacao], Emails: guilhermebsantos@gmail.com, daywes@gmail.com, lrlisi-ta@gmail.com, pcesar@eee.ufg.br, joao.eee@gmail.com

2009-07-01

This paper analyzes the behavior of a electronic meter of single-phase in the laboratory when it is subjected to a environment with linear loads and nonlinear loads kind residential and commercial. It differs from correlated studies mainly for making use of real loads encountered in day-to-day, rather than as sources of electronic loads how has been observed in the state of the art. The comparison of results is made based on high precision energy pattern developed by virtual instrumentation means.

The supply expansion of electricity in Brazilian urban centers through connected photovoltaic systems' network; A expansao da oferta de energia eletrica nos centros urbanos brasileiros por meio de sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados a rede

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benedito, Ricardo da Silva; Zilles, Roberto [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Inst. de Eletrotecnica e Energia. Lab. de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos

2010-07-01

This paper aims to outline perspectives on the electricity production through Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems (GCPS), in Brazil, and its insertion on a large scale in the energy matrix, as a supplementary power generation source. The GCPS bring several benefits to the Electrical Sector and the environment by producing energy cleanly and quietly in the places of consumption, avoiding the construction of large power plants and avoiding additional costs with transmission and distribution. In general, these systems can be integrated into the buildings architecture, taking advantage of the rooftop of pre-existing buildings. But, although it has high solar potential, Brazil had been installed a capacity of only 161.32 kWp GCPS until December 2009, a value considered negligible compared, for instance, with 4.5 GWp installed in Europe alone in 2008. This study shows that the cost of generation from a GCPS is still high, reaching to 2.4 times higher than the average residential tariff practiced in Brazil, which turns the technology impracticable commercially. But it shows a trend of equalization between these two values in the next decade for various locations, which will certainly make the GCPS to be considered as an alternative for expanding the energy supply. But for the lack of appropriate technical criteria do not affect the spread of this technology in the future, it is necessary a correct regulation of this activity by the staff of the Electrical Sector. (author)

Electrification of small rural properties in the Cangucu-Brazil city using alternative sources for electricity generation; Eletrificacao de pequenas propriedades rurais do municipio de Cangucu empregando fontes alternativas para a producao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hecktheuer, Lucio Almeida [Rio Grande do Sul Univ., Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Nucleo de Energia

1998-12-31

This paper aims at specifying and measuring the main alternative electrification system components, such as solar and eolic, which make use of the property`s energetical potential that, to a small extent, do not represent pollution sources to the environment. The results indicated that, the small rural properties of Cangucu country, which present a low daily electric energy consumption, these alternative systems are able to technically and economically supply electric energy and provide reasonable subsidies to electrification projects which can eventually be developed in the country. (author) 4 refs., 2 figs., 5 tabs.

A vision about the professional qualification in the new Brazilian electric energy sector. Threats and opportunities; Uma visao sobre a formacao profissional nas empresas do novo setor de energia eletrica brasileiro. Ameacas e oportunidades

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matos Filho, Afranio B. de Alencar

2001-07-01

This work intends to examine which new qualification and abilities will be necessary to the electric power professional in the face of the deep changes that affects the energy market in the end of this century in Brazil.This question lead us to investigate, at the same time, two decisive points of the process: the energy sector restructuring that demands a new professional and the professional training translated in programs with information contents to attend this contemporary demand.

Technical papers presented at the 4. symposium of specialists in electric operational and expansion planning. v. 2; Artigos tecnicos apresentados no 4. simposio de especialistas em planejamento da operacao e expansao eletrica. v. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-12-31

This symposium about electric operational and expansion planning presents several articles that approaches issues such as, monitoring the power system stability, electrical load modelling, reliability in power systems, optimization in power systems, integrated resources planning in power systems, reactive control through static compensators, power flow analysis, system modelling, etc

Rural development index: a contribution for the planning of the wide using of the access to electric power; Indicador de desenvolvimento rural: uma contribuicao para o planejamento da universalizacao do acesso a energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Giannini, Marcio; Souza, Danielle; Batista, Norma [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)]. E-mails: giannini@cepel.br; dpires@cepel.br; norma@cepel.br; Camacho, Cristiane F.; Paz, Luciana; Rodrigues, Alexia [Fundacao Padre Leonel Franca (FPLF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)]. E-mails: ccamacho@cepel.br; lrocha@cepel.br; alexia@cepel.br

2006-07-01

This paper aims to present a methodology to be applied in the evaluation of projects of rural electrification including those related to the social, economic, energy and environmental areas. Based on the analysis of data collected in a large field research that covered all country, it was created the Rural Development Index (IDR) that seeks to summarize the acquired information to help in the evaluation and planning of the Electric Sector's actions concerned to the rural areas. Thus, it is presented the results of the methodology application in three Brazilian states during the two phases of the research, before and after the supply of electric energy in a regular and safe basis. (author)

Electric power generation using biomass gasification systems in nature in isolated communities of the Amazon region: project GASEIBRAS; Geracao de eletricidade utilizando sistemas de gaseificacao de biomassa in natura em comunidades isoladas da regiao amazonica: projeto GASEIBRAS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coelho, Suani Teixeira; Velazquez, Silvia M. Stortini Goncalves; Santos, Sandra M. Apolinario dos; Lora, Beatriz Acquaro [Universidade de Sao Paulo (CENBIO/USP), SP (Brazil). Centro de Referencia Nacional em Biomassa], e-mails: suani@iee.usp.br, sgvelaz@iee.usp.br, sandra@iee.usp.br, blora@iee.usp.br

2006-07-01

This paper will present the pioneering project of electric energy generation from renewable sources 'GASEIBRAS - Nationalization of the Biomass Gasification Technology and Formation of Human Resources in the Amazon Region', recently approved by the National Advice of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and for the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME). The GASEIBRAS project intends to use the experience previously acquired in the project GASEIFAMAZ - Comparison between Existing Technologies of Biomass Gasification in Brazil and Exterior and Formation of Human Resources in the North Region, sponsored by FINEP/CTENERG, to develop and construct a 20 kWe biomass gasification system, with total national technology, easy to operate and to maintain, and fed with local available biomass residues. Apart from contributing for the development of the national technology, this project will provide the sustainable development of the isolated communities in the Amazon region. The ongoing development of this project will enable to consolidate the national biomass gasification technology for electricity generation. The implemented prototype will allow the response of this project in other regions of the country, due its tailor made characteristic to attend to small isolated communities, thus supplying decentralized energy from renewable sources, to Amazon region. (author)

Innovation and knowledge generation in cooperation nets: challenges for regulations in the nuclear safety area in Brazil; Inovacao e geracao de conhecimento nas redes de cooperacao: desafios para a regulacao na area de seguranca nuclear no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Staude, Fabio

2014-07-01

The importance of inter-organisational cooperation within the innovation process has been increasingly recognized. In fact, all organisations, at some point, need to look to external sources for inputs to the process of building up technological competence. In this sense, through a detailed case study, this thesis examine theoretical and empirically how collaborative initiatives have supported the Brazilian nuclear regulatory body in the development and implementation of innovations, in order to verify the positive relationship between the collaboration and the organisational innovation performance. Emphasizing the importance of both internal sources of knowledge and external participation, the study encompasses documentary analysis, a preliminary survey and semi-structured interviews with the regulatory body employers in charge of controlling medical and research facilities and activities involving radiation sources. The thesis demonstrates that innovations developed and implemented in the Brazilian nuclear safety and security area are associated with collaborative initiatives, in order to improve the organizational capability to fulfill safety obligations, providing some important implications for regulatory body managers concerned with the management of innovation. The findings also identified actors with a significant degree of influence in the innovation process. The result reveals that the support provided by these actors has a significant influence on the innovation performance of the Brazilian nuclear regulatory body, suggesting that Brazil should adopt more interactive models of innovation and knowledge transfer. In addition, the findings show that these key actors can play a very distinctive role in the context of sectoral systems of innovation information regime. (author)

Evaluation of capital investment in thermoelectric generation projects in the Brazilian electric sector using the real options theory; Avaliacao de investimento de capital em projetos de geracao termoeletrica no setor eletrico brasileiro usando teoria das opcoes reais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Castro, Alessandro de Lima

2000-04-01

In the Brazilian Electric System about 92% of the generated electricity is of hydraulic origin. Today the system is operating practically in the limit of your capacity. Solutions of short time to make possible the expansion of the offer of electricity generation go by the installation of cycle combining thermal using natural gas as fuel. In this dissertation, it was used the real options theory to evaluate generation assets in the Brazilian electricity sector. In Brazil, central operator dispatches a flexible thermal when the electricity spot price is larger than the operation costs. The operation decision is like an European call, where underlying asset is the electricity and the strike price is the operation cost. The value of the capacity is the sum of all decisions to operate the thermal unit, in the remaining life of unit. It was used Monte Carlo Simulation and Dynamic Programming to evaluate this model. The problem is divided in two parts. In the first part, the base case is fixed and evaluated and the expected NPV and project risk are calculated in function of contract level. In the second part, many sensibilities are done in relation to base case. At the end, the value of flexibility is calculated for each contract level. (author)

Employment and income generation within the framework of the 'Luz para todos' program in the State of Amazonas, Brazil; Geracao de emprego e renda no ambito do programa Luz para Todos no estado do Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza, Rubem Cesar Rodrigues; Moraes, Betsy Eddy Praia; Souza, Cristiane Daliassi Ramos de [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil). Centro de Desenvolvimento Energetico Amazonico

2008-07-01

The low level of the electric demand to be accomplished in the isolated Amazon communities, associated to the low purchasing power of those populations and the high costs for electrification of these, they impose the implementation of concrete actions of generation of job and income when it intend to assure the universalization of the electric power service in isolated Amazon communities, as ir the case of the program 'Luz para Todos'. The present article shows that is being developed by the committee state manager of the program 'Luz para Todos' in the amazon state, demonstrating that it is possible to assure good results since the effective involvement of several agents is made possible. (author)

Perspectives for the electricity surplus generation at the paper and cellulose segment through the gasification of black liquor; Perspectivas para a geracao de excedentes de eletricidade no segmento de papel e celulose atraves da gaseificacao de lixivia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Velazquez, Silvia Maria Stortini Gonzalez [Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Escola de Engenharia]. E-mail: velazquez@mackenzie.com.br; Coelho, Suani Teixeira [CENBIO - Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa, Sao Paulo, Sp (Brazil)]. E-mail: suani@iee.usp.br

2006-07-01

The pulp/paper segment is enclosed enters the most energointensive of the industrial sector. Its industries generate great part of the energy that consume from by-products of the process, but still are not self-sufficient. On the other hand, the difficulties of the industrial sector to the availability energy guarantee are well known, due to lack of trustworthiness of the electricity transmission and distribution. In this context, the increase of the self generation of electricity in the segment's plants certainly would go to collaborate for bigger flexibility in the Brazilian energy matrix, not only for the option of Demand Side Management, but even for the possibility of electricity excesses generation, as it is considered in this study. Thus, this work presents an economic and technique analysis of the energy cogeneration and the generation of electricity excesses in the pulp and paper segment and cellulose using more efficient technologies (although in development), as the black liquor gasification. The perspectives for the use of black liquor gasification systems and coupling of this unit to a gas turbine (BLGCC) are studied, with exploitation of the exhaustion gases in cogeneration systems. One is about technology in development phase in the industrialized countries and that it allows high conversion efficiency. They are, also, calculated the excesses generation costs, by means of the thermo economy, on the basis of the exergy concept, the most adjusted methodology to analyze cogeneration processes. Despite the biggest efficiency, the exceeding electricity, in some of the studied configurations, presented generation costs that do not reveal competitive with the sale's price of electricity, defined for the PROINFA, leaving evident the necessity of other mechanisms that make possible the implementation of new technologies, as the incorporation of the external factors and the carbon credits discouragement of the generation costs. In the pulp and paper industries, that currently, already demonstrate little interest in generating and/or to commercialize excesses, the problem is more complex. Beyond the technological impediment, therefore the Tomlinson recovery boilers limit the scale of the process (besides being in the end of its useful life in many units) and of the development training period of the black liquor gasification (still not available commercially), it has the raised cost of this technology (new one). (author)'.

Gamma-ray spectrometry, electrical resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility of agricultural soils in the Northwest region of the Parana State, Brazil; Gamaespectrometria, resistividade eletrica e susceptibilidade magnetica de solos agricolas no noroeste do estado do Parana

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Becegato, Valter Antonio [Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Centro de Ciencias Agroveterinarias, Lages, SC (Brazil); Ferreira, Francisco Jose Fonseca, E-mail: becegato@cav.udesc.br, E-mail: francisco.ferreira@ufpr.br [Universidade Federal do Parana (LPGA/UFPR), Curitiba, PR (Brazil). Dept. de Geologia. Lab. de Pesquisas em Geofisica Aplicada

2005-10-15

Gamma-ray spectrometry, electrical resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility measurements were taken from agricultural areas near the City of Maringa, in the Northwest region of the Parana state, south Brazil, in order to characterize the spatial distribution of radionuclides (K, eU, and eTh), the apparent resistivity, and the magnetic susceptibility determined for soils. Three different types of soils are present in this agricultural area: Alfisoil, clayey texture Oxisoil, both deriving from Lower Cretaceous basalts of the Serra Geral Formation; and medium texture Oxisoil from reworked Serra Geral and Goio-Ere formations, the latter deriving from sandstones of the Upper Cretaceous Caiua Group. It could be observed that in more clayey soils both concentration of radionuclides and susceptibility values are higher than in more sandy soils, especially due to the higher adsorption in the former and to the higher availability of magnetic minerals in the latter. The average ppm and Bq Kg{sup -1} grades for K, eU, and eTh in the areas under anthropic activity are of 1766-54.75, 0.83-10.22, and 1.78-7.27, respectively. These grades are significantly higher than those of non-occupied or non-fertilized areas (1101-34.15 K, 0.14-1.69 eU, and 1.31-5.36 eTh in ppm and Bq Kg-1, respectively.) Correlations were observed between uranium and clay, uranium and magnetic susceptibility, uranium and organic matter, and between electric resistivity and clay grades. Varied concentrations of radionuclides were also observed in different fertilizer formulations applied to soy and wheat cultures. Apparent electric resistivity values between 25 and 647 Ohm.m and magnetic susceptibility values between 0.28 e 1.10 x 10-3 SI due to clay and magnetic minerals represented important soil discrimination factors in the study area that can be incorporated as easy, low-cost soil mapping tools. (author)

Metodologia para estimativa do potencial de conservação de energia eletrica residencial pelo uso de coletores solares planos em uma região e sua aplicação na cidade de Campinas

OpenAIRE

Marco Vinicio Yanez Salcedo

2002-01-01

Resumo: Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma metodologia que permite fazer uma estimativa do potencial de conservação de energia elétrica em uma região pelo uso de coletores solares planos para aquecimento de água residencial. A metodologia utiliza basicamente índices sócio-econômicos e climatológicos, assim como também a aplicação de questionários nos setores envolvidos (fabricantes, distribuidores e consumidores de coletores solares planos) e técnicas básicas de amostragem. A partir do número d...

Analysis of the use of 'standard of housing' criterion in the concession of the social tariff of electric power; Analise do emprego do criterio 'padrao de moradia' na concessao da tarifa social de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tavares, Mauricio Lopes; Ferreira, Elnatan Chagas; Dias, Jose Antonio Siqueira [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (DEMIC/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computacao. Dept. de Eletronica e Microeletronica], Email: siqueira@demic.fee.unicamp.br

2006-07-01

The question of the electricity's price policy, referred as social tariff, is usually analyzed in terms of the economic sustainability of its application by the concessionaires of public utilities, responsible for its implementation, vis a vis the biggest possible benefit in social terms. To satisfy both of these conditions, it is necessary to definite the criteria that allows to clearly identify the target population who will receive the benefit. This paper analyzes the use of the criterion of 'housing standard' as a criterion for the implementation of the Social Tariff, contributing for the debate on the definition of the social benefits policy for the low-income consumers of electrical energy, currently under revision. (author)

Cost reduction of electric energy in pumping station of small and medium size water systems; Reducao do custo de energia eletrica em estacoes elevatorias de sistemas de abastecimento de agua de pequeno e medio portes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsutiya, Milton Tomoyuki

1989-12-31

This work presents the main aspects concerning the electric energy cost reduction and includes since simple solutions of easy installation, usually without the need of great study or investment, until the more complex ones that lead to the cost diminution achieved through the energy consumption reduction. Aspects relating to cost abatement accomplished by modifying the pumping operation systems are considered as well. At last, it exposes the conclusions of the work. (author). 69 figs., 14 tabs., 110 refs

Gamma-ray and electrical resistivity measurements in soil with application of carbonatite and agricultural fertilizers in Distrito Federal; Radiacao gama e resistividade eletrica em solo com aplicacao de carbonatito e fertilizantes agricolas no Distrito Federal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nascimento, Carlos Tadeu Carvalho do; Gaspar, Jose Carlos; Pires, Augusto Cesar Bittencourt, E-mail: carlostadeu@unb.br, E-mail: gasp@unb.br, E-mail: acbpires@unb.br [Instituto de Geociencias, Universidade de Brasilia, DF (Brazil); Ferreira, Francisco Jose Fonseca, E-mail: francisco.ferreira@ufpr.br [Departamento de Geologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR (Brazil); Andrade, Leide Rovenia Miranda de, E-mail: leide@cpac.embrapa.br [Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria dos Cerrados, Planaltina, DF (Brazil)

2008-01-15

EMBRAPA (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria) and Brasilia University developed a research project about the viability of carbonatite rock as agricultural fertilizer. As an initial experiment, several mixtures of carbonatite, limestone, phosphorous and potassium compounds were added as fertilizers in an oxisol area (red-latosol, according with Brazilian System of Soil Classification), in Distrito Federal, central Brazil. The experiment area was divided in 56 plots (4 x 7m) and each plot received a fertilizer mixture. The purpose of this work was to verify if the addition of fertilizer mixture to the soil modified its radiometric and resistivity properties and if it is possible to identify this change. Gamma-ray and electrical resistivity measurements were obtained in an experimental area and in a natural savannah type vegetation area. The results showed that the fertilizer addition modified soil natural properties causing a small increase in K, U, Th levels and decreasing ten times electrical resistivity. A low contrast of radiation was observed between plots, and then it was not possible to differentiate the several treatments in base of gamma-ray measurements. Electrical resistivity was efficient to identify three groups of plots related to mixtures characteristics, respectively with phosphorous, potassium and limestone / carbonatite predominance. (author)

Multidisciplinary studies on hydric, energetic and environmental resources, evaluating the hydroelectric plants energy surplus as alternative for hydrogen production; Estudos multidisciplinares na area de recursos hidricos, energeticos e ambientais, avaliando-se o uso de energia excedente de hidreletricas como alternativa para producao de hidrogenio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mariotoni, Carlos Alberto; Naturesa, Jim Silva; Santos Junior, Joubert Rodrigues; Demanboro, Antonio Carlos [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia Civil. Grupo de Planejamento Energetico e Sistemas Eletricos]. E-mails: cam@fec.unicamp.br; jimnaturesa@yahoo.com; joubert.dos@terra.com.br; anto1810@fec.unicamp.br

2006-07-01

The researchers on energy, hydraulic and environmental subjects have been discussing the perspective and both the technical and economic viability of using the exceeding energy of hydroelectric power plants to produce hydrogen, taking into consideration the resources optimizations and the maximization of the economic gains. The researches and technicians of the Brazilian energy sector have considered, the increasing possibility of using of exceeding energy from hydroelectric power plants to produce hydrogen, mainly for the special case of the bi-national hydroelectric of Itaipu. Nevertheless it is important to present a discussion about the use and the production of hydrogen in Brazilian context considering, mainly, the consolidated experience of certain research centers and national laboratories. The paper also presents a discussions about the main technical characteristics, the electro electronic devices used and a brief discussion about the possibility of electric energy expansion, through the use of FACTS devices, for the southeast region of the country having the hydrogen as an important fuel. (author)

Comparative study of the impacts of hydroelectric power plants with impacts avoided by a Virtual Plants Equivalents (VPEs) through of energy efficiency actions; Estudo comparativo dos impactos das usinas hidreletricas com os impactos evitados por uma usina virtual equivalente atraves das acoes de eficiencia energetica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Roberto Perillo Barbosa da; Barros, Regiane Silva de [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEM/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica], emails: rpbsilva@fem.unicamp.br, rsbarros@fem.unicamp.br Rossi, Luiz Antonio [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEAGRI/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. Engenharia Agricola], email: rossi@feagri.unicamp.br

2010-07-01

This article presents a comparative study of the impacts caused by Hydroelectric Power Plants (HPPs) in relation to the impacts avoided through actions that promotes energy efficiency called Virtual Plants Equivalents (VPEs). To do so, it was considering the recent results presented by the National Program for Electric Energy Conservation (PROCEL) to the year 2008, which shows that the program actions' in this period resulted in a Virtual Plant Equivalent of 1049 MW. It was performed a survey of the values of wetland and families displaced by the construction of hydropower plants and, later, it was compared these data with the values found in the literature and, finally, it was established that the actions of energy efficiency are important instruments to avoid (or at least postpone) the social and environmental impacts directly and indirectly that affects the whole society. Thus, it is suggested that there is a stimulus in relation to energy efficiency actions, what is observed nowadays in Brazil is that these actions are negligible before the potential that exists at industrial, commercial and residential sectors. (author)

Optimal design of a hybrid photovoltaic and fuel cell power generation system, to supply isolated communities in the Brazilian Amazon; Dimensionamento otimo de sistemas hibridos, com geracao fotovoltaica e celula a combustivel, para atendimento a comunidades isoladas na Amazonia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Sergio Batista da

2010-11-15

The lack of electricity in isolated communities in the Brazilian Amazon has become one of the greatest barrier for the development of the region. Currently, the main technologies that provide electricity to these communities are diesel generators, batteries and dry cells. These non-renewable energy sources may pose serious problems to the environment and human health and have high maintenance and operational costs. Therefore, the search for renewable energy sources, such as water and sunlight, which are highly abundant in the region, has become a great challenge. This thesis presents the studies on application of solar photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC) technologies to supply electric power in an uninterrupted manner. Outlined are the technical and cost issues of a pilot project set up in an environmentally protected area, next to Bananal island, located in the Southwestern region of the state of Tocantins. The pilot project relies on PV solar power as the primary source of energy for the production of electricity. The surplus energy is stored in the form of hydrogen produced by electrolysis of the water supplied locally, which is reconverted into electric power by fuel cells during periods when there is little or no sunlight. In this context, the aim of the study was to propose a sizing of a hybrid distributed generation system (HDGS), comprised of a PV system, FC and batteries, that optimizes implementation and operational costs, as a potential source of energy for isolated communities in the Amazon. The work was carried out with the help of simulation software HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable) developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Simulations and a comparative study were carried out of the technologies and potential configurations that meet the needs of these isolated communities. The results showed an optimal solution of HGDS PV-FC batteries with a reduction in the initial cost of the project in about 60% compared to the sizing system only. The HOMER simulated results also indicated that more than 50% of the costs of the PV-FC-battery HDGS regarded the PV system. (author)

Balance, analysis of emission and CO{sub 2} sequestration in the generation of electricity surplus in sugar and ethanol sector; Balanco, analise de emissao e sequestro de CO{sub 2} na geracao de eletricidade excedente no setor sucro-alcooleiro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chohfi, Felipe Moreton [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil); Dupas, Franscisco Antonio [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Ambiental. Inst. de Recursos Naturais; Lora, Electo Eduardo Silva [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil). Inst. de Engenharia Mecanica. Nucleo de Excelencia em Geracao Termeletrica e Distribuida

2004-07-01

In recent years, research activities regarding the global environmental impacts of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) emissions have been intensified. The carbon market aims to minimize the emissions of this dangerous gas as it allows incentives for developed and developing countries to be stimulated not to adjust to a high carbon dioxide energy matrix. This work studies the carbon dioxide emissions and capture mass balance in the sugar and alcohol sector. Through a life cycle analysis methodology of surplus electricity production the CO{sub 2} balance is calculated. The results obtained show that 145,3 tons CO{sub 2}/hectare are sequestered during sugarcane cultivation and 111,5 tons CO{sub 2}/hectare are emitted for electricity production, resulting in a viable capture balance scenario of 33,8 tons of carbon dioxide per hectare of plantation in one life cycle of surplus electricity production that is supplied to the electricity distribution companies. The life cycle analysis of the cultivation of sugarcane biomass for surplus electricity production allowed a high value to be obtained for the CO{sub 2} absorption figure. If compared with other forms of electricity generation, the energy produced in sugar mills presents the lowest values of carbon dioxide emissions of all the other forms of electricity production. (author)

Development of a module combustor biomass-motor Stirling applied to a isolated generation system and based on induction generator; Desenvolvimento de um modulo combustor biomassa-motor Stirling aplicado a sistemas de geracao isolada e baseados em gerador de inducao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wilke, Humberto; Lora, Electo Eduardo Silva [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil). Nucleo de Excelencia em Geracao Termeletrica e Distribuida

2004-07-01

In some areas in Brazil the great distance of the generating and consuming centers, together with the low consumption of electric energy of these areas, they make unfeasible investments with transmission and distribution. The use of the biomass as fuel in the distributed generation, is low pollutions, it is renewable, besides possessing a low cost when compared to the fossil fuels [Barros, 2003]. By the way the generation distributed through renewable fuels, becomes an attractive solution for generation in distant and isolated areas of the electric system. Inside of this context, this paper proposes the use of a module combustor, biomass-motor Stirling, based on induction generator, applied to isolated areas, such as the north and northeast areas of the Brazil. (author)

Long expansion planning of electrical power availability in Brazil under the real options theoretical approach; Planejamento de longo prazo da expansao da oferta de energia eletrica no Brasil sob uma perspectiva da teoria das opcoes reais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marreco, Juliana de Moraes

2007-05-15

This thesis considers uncertainty on the long term generation expansion planning in the Brazilian Electric System, under a Real Options Approach . First, Real Options Theory is used to demonstrate the importance of thermo power plants insertion in Brazil, through a flexibility valuation on hydrothermal system. This is the first objective of this thesis. In the second part a Real Options Model is proposed to support long term expansion studies, based in a levelized costs analysis. The adequacy of proposed models to real problem is illustrated by a case study of the Brazilian Power System. The results show the importance of the energetic matrix diversification on the Long Term Planning. In the expansion model proposed, results are in favor of higher participation of biomass, nuclear power and coal in Brazilian electricity generation matrix. (author)

Proceedings of the 13. SNPTEE: Brazilian seminar on electric power production and transmission. Group 1: Hydraulic production (GPH); Anais do 13. SNPTEE: Seminario nacional de producao e transmissao de energia eletrica. Grupo 1: Producao hidraulica (GPH)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-12-31

This book collects the works presented during the 12. national seminar on electric power generation and transmission. The group I papers collects works concerning hydroelectric power generation, the most common form of electric power generation Brazil due to the country`s natural resources which are favourable to this type of generation. Several case studies are presented as well as the new trends for this generation form in Brazil

Electric energy auctions in Brazil and its effect on emissions of greenhouse gases by the electric sector; Leiloes de energia eletrica no Brasil e sua influencia nas emissoes de gases de efeito estufa pelo setor eletrico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alpire, Ricardo; Pereira, Osvaldo Livio Soliano [Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), BA (Brazil)

2010-07-01

The result of the auctions of electricity, after the new regulatory framework in 2004, has shown the increased participation of fossil sources of thermal generation, contributing to increased emission of greenhouse gases by the Brazilian Electricity Sector. This article aims to analyze the correlation between growth in electric generation sector and rising greenhouse gases, especially through the study of the winning projects of electric power auctions conducted with the advent of the New Institutional Model of the Power Sector from 2004, comparing with the existing policies and prospects of the next auction of the electric sector. (author)

Software for dimensioning conductors, electroducts and protections for electrical installations of lightning and motors in rural areas; Software para dimensionar condutores, eletrodutos e protecoes para instalacoes eletricas de luz e de forca motriz no meio rural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bianchi, Inacio; Souza, Teofilo Miguel de [Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Guaratingueta, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Eletrica. Centro de Energias Renovaveis], e-mail: teofilo@feg.unesp.br, e-mail: ibianchi@feg.unesp.br

2004-07-01

This paper presents the software MOTORLUZ developed for efficient and economical design of lighting and motors wiring circuits in agricultural zones. The software input data are: voltage, single or three-phase system, circuit or feeder, power factor, voltage drops, temperature, number of circuits, component number and length of each circuit, number of conductors in the conduit and power of each circuit component. Results are presented on screen and archived for future attachment in the design calculus memorial. Archives contains input data, circuit names, currents, conductor diameters, breakers, fuses, conductor total length, conduit diameters and length, partial and total voltage drops for each circuit. Executable version program is easy, compact, and it can runs even in a 3 1/2'' floppy disk drive of any PC microcomputer. A simplified application example data of the software is showed too at this paper. (author)

Suggestion for a hybrid neuro genetic system as an alternative for the assessment of electric power consumption curves; Sugestao de um sistema hibrido neuro-genetico como alternativa a avaliacao de curvas de consumo de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Masselli, Yvo Marcelo Chiaradia; Torres, Germano Lambert [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil)]. E-mails: ymcm@unifei.edu.br; germano@unifei.edu.br

2006-07-01

Increase the electrical distribution network quality it's a permanent interesting of energy companies. Therefore, quality services with acceptable values must be offers. In direct form this involves to manage efficiently all distribution system. Nowadays, this supervision is carried out with Geographic Information System (GIS) tools associate with calculation of demands transformers, result of correlation curve kWh versus KV A. Simple linear regression is used to estimate this curve, which make the process not too accuracy. To estimate consumers loads, the traditional methodology consider only end consumption, refusing the characteristic of different kinds of consumers: residential, commercial, industrial, rural and others. This paper present a model based hybridism between Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), that can identify on load curve acquired any point of distribution system, the portions of consumption relatives to each one of main consumers sectors in that point. Besides, is suggested to the same application an ANN type Multi-Layer Perceptron, with the purpose to compare the showing results and to verify the advantages of hybridism use. The Hybrid System proposed use GA to the ANN training, in other words, the determination of best values to the ANN synaptic weights. Definite the work methodology, the practical valuation of the model starts, and the results presented by hybrid system are compared with those generates by ANN training by the conventional method well-know Back propagation Error (BP). The practical application propose that load curve acquired been analyze in any point of distribution system. Knowing this curve, the system should identify instant consumption quantities, relative to each one of main consumers sectors: industrial, commercial and residential. Subsequently are consider oscillations about these curves, in way to approach the real situation. The initial result indicated a best performance of conventional ANN, however when the complexity training patterns increased, the hybrid system started to present best results, showing your power. Made the necessary simulations and checked the validity of association between ANN with GA, the developed system can be consider a powerful tool to the distribution electrical network management. (author)

Ethanol pilot project: an energy alternative project for a total or partial substitution of fuel oil in thermoelectric generation plants; Projeto piloto do etanol - PPE: alternativa energetica para substituicao parcial ou total do oleo combustivel em plantas de geracao termoeletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pessoa, Joao Simoes

2004-07-01

The actual stage of technological development is strongly dependent on wide use of petroleum combustibles, in which its trade market defines the rules of socio economical and geopolitics interdependencies. The economic growth has been driven by the 'readily available - cheap energy' stimulus, limiting studies on natural sources of energy (geothermal, solar) and development of renewable ones (bio combustibles). However, economical, financial crisis may change this scenario, and new opportunities for a change in the technological matrix and in technological structure might occur. In Brazil, the 'Agenda 21', especially the PPA - Applied Research Program in the Energetic Area, intend to develop case studies and implement 'pilots projects' to research conventional and renewable sources of energy, bringing to present the value of this project, developed between 1979 and 1980, to evaluate the technical feasibility of ethylic alcohol utilization as a complementary combustible or in a total substitute for the fuel oil in boilers of conventional thermoelectric generation plants. This work presents the performance of one of the Piratininga thermal power plant's boiler, as well as the main data acquired from direct experimentation and the characteristics of this plant, from the use of ethylic alcohol as a substitute of fuel oil. (author)

Analysis of the generation and monitoring of impact on fauna in the gas pipeline works in the current environmental legislation; Analise da geracao e monitoramento do impacto sobre a fauna silvestre em obras de gasodutos face a legislacao ambiental vigente

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caldas, Flaviana V.; Serricchio, Claudio [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Akahori, Lisa [TELSAN Engenharia e Servicos Ltda, Vitoria, ES (Brazil); Nascimento, Reinaldo R. [IMC Saste - Construcoes, Servicos e Comercio Ltda., Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2008-07-01

The impacts to wildlife in areas where gas pipelines will be implemented are considerable, changing the existing balance. The main environmental measure adopted in the cases is the deployment of the Fauna Management Programme. This programme is sub - divided into two: Monitoring and Rescue of the fauna. The tracking step starts before the installation of the venture, with the completion of a first in order to identify the impacts before the venture, and finishes two years after the end of the works. These studies are based on guidelines set in the Normative Instruction of the environmental licensor agency, in which the criteria for implementation are restrictive, often without making a license agency distinction of methodology for enterprises with different characteristics. This article intended to review the criteria and the procedures established by the legislation and its real applicability in gas pipeline projects face to the environmental impacts identified to this activity. For this analysis, the methodology used was the case study of two gas pipelines: Cabiunas - Vitoria (GASCAV) and Cacimbas - Catu (GASCAC). The results allowed to conclude that the actions developed to the Sub-Programme of Rescue of the fauna are satisfactory to control environmental impacts and that the Sub-Programme of Monitoring of the fauna just confirm behaviors and information's previous detected. (author)

Increasing in the Passo Fundo Hydroelectric Power Plant generation availability and improvement of the voltage level for the regional system; Aumento de disponibilidade de geracao da Usina Hidroeletrica de Passo Fundo e melhoria no nivel de tensao do sistema regional

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mandelli, Clademir; Coghetto, Gladistone [Centrais Geradoras do Sul do Brasil S.A. (GERASUL), Entre Rios do Sul, RS (Brazil). Usina Hidreletrica de Passo Fundo

1998-07-01

This work reports the modifications and arrangements performed allowing the reduction of the time required for isolation, normalization and test on the generator groups, and new operation bands as well, and consequently resulting in increasing of availability and reduction of the plant failure.

Energetic evaluation of low potential biomass gasifier coupled with a burner of the produced gas for generation of heat; Avaliacao energetica de um gaseificador de biomassa de baixa potencia, associado a um combustor do gas produzido, para geracao de calor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martin, Samuel [Universidade de Brasilia (FAV/UNB), DF (Brazil). Fac. de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinaria], email: samuelmartin@unb.nr; Silva, Jadir Nogueira [Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), MG (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Agricola; Machado, Cassio Silva; Zanatta, Fabio Luis; Galvarro, Svetlana F.S. [Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), MG (Brazil)

2011-07-01

In the search of alternatives for sustainable socio-economic development, this study had the objective of evaluating the energetic performance of a concurrent flow biomass gasifier associated with a burner for the gas produced which was of low potential for air heating using a renewable energy source (substituting non-renewable). In this system 4 tests were performed using eucalyptus chips (tests 1 and 2) and logs (tests 3 and 4) as fuel, for the two fan motor frequencies of 60 and 50 hertz. Temperature in the combustion chamber was monitored, along with fuel consumption and other variables. In the tests, the average exhaust air temperature was maintained between 92.7 and 100.4 deg C, and the reduction in the motor frequency from 60 to 50 Hz caused an increase in the duration of the tests. The system presented the best energetic performance when utilizing a frequency of 60 Hz for both fuel types. However, the results of energy efficiency varied very little when comparing tests performed at the same fan frequency. Thus, the gasification process was little affected by variation in the physical characteristics of the tested fuels, and it was recommended that the equipment operate with a frequency of 60 Hz. (author)

Study of the main mechanisms for incentive alternative sources of renewable energy for power generation in Chile, Argentina and Brazil; Estudo dos principais mecanismos de incentivo as fontes alternativas de energia para geracao renovavel de eletricidade no Chile, Argentina e Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nogueira, Larissa Goncalves [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEM/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica. Dept. de Energia; Dedecca, Joao Gorestein; Jannuzzi, Gilberto de Martinno; Gomes, Rodolfo Dourado [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil)

2010-07-01

From the experience of developed countries, Brazil, Chile and Argentina are implementing some important mechanisms for encouraging alternative sources of renewable energy for power generation and thus manage to incorporate these power sources in their power matrix. However, the obstacles faced are not insignificant. This study will present and analyze the Chilean, Argentinean and Brazilian experience when it comes to implementing programs and policies based on feed-in tariffs, renewable portfolio standard and bidding mechanisms. (author)

Ethanol pilot project: an energy alternative project for a total or partial substitution of fuel oil in thermoelectric generation plants; Projeto piloto do etanol - PPE: alternativa energetica para substituicao parcial ou total do oleo combustivel em plantas de geracao termoeletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pessoa, Joao Simoes

2004-07-01

The actual stage of technological development is strongly dependent on wide use of petroleum combustibles, in which its trade market defines the rules of socio economical and geopolitics interdependencies. The economic growth has been driven by the 'readily available - cheap energy' stimulus, limiting studies on natural sources of energy (geothermal, solar) and development of renewable ones (bio combustibles). However, economical, financial crisis may change this scenario, and new opportunities for a change in the technological matrix and in technological structure might occur. In Brazil, the 'Agenda 21', especially the PPA - Applied Research Program in the Energetic Area, intend to develop case studies and implement 'pilots projects' to research conventional and renewable sources of energy, bringing to present the value of this project, developed between 1979 and 1980, to evaluate the technical feasibility of ethylic alcohol utilization as a complementary combustible or in a total substitute for the fuel oil in boilers of conventional thermoelectric generation plants. This work presents the performance of one of the Piratininga thermal power plant's boiler, as well as the main data acquired from direct experimentation and the characteristics of this plant, from the use of ethylic alcohol as a substitute of fuel oil. (author)

Implantation of hydroelectric power plants and the environmental licensing: the importance of the articulation among the electrical and environment sectors in Brazil; A implantacao de usinas hidreletricas e o processo de licenciamento ambiental: a importancia da articulacao entre os setores eletrico e de meio ambiente no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Facuri, Micheline Ferreira

2004-07-01

Hydroelectric power plants stand for the main generation source in Brazil. The basis of the national generator park installed capacity is the exploration of hydraulic potency when the Brazilian energetic die is observed. The atmosphere that the Brazilian electric sector is found now asks for new generator units. In this sense, it would decrease energy offer deficit risk, which collaborates to the electric energy offer expansion effort. This research aims to join and to comment on a group of data and information regarding to the process of implantation of hydroelectric power plants already bid. It includes up to date data on hydroelectric power plants bid since 1996. This data describe the main implications found in the enterprises that are late in their schedules. It shows that the greater the environmental management instruments incorporation in hydroelectric projects planning process, the greater the possibility of new hydraulic generation enterprises with better quality of environmental studies implantation. In this way, it makes even better the process of environmental licensing that could occur in a more adequate deadline. As a result, 28 - out of 54 - enterprises bid are found with environmental problems, which represent 43.30% of bestowed potency. It is possible to infer, thus, that there is a need of more interaction between the electric and the environmental sectors. After analyzing the results, it is concluded that the generation enterprises environmental licensing has been worrying the electric sector agents. This happens due to the need of refinement on environmental studies or due to the need of bureaucracy to get licenses - mainly regarding to judicial actions and environmental issues. Finally, the adequate identification of environmental licensing drags allows a more efficient process to hydroelectric power plants implantation, which generates more consistent and faster results. (author)

Wind energy conversion systems with electric transmission to the water pumping with field control to constant flow; Sistema de conversao de energia eolica com transmissao eletrica para bombeamento de agua com controle de campo a fluxo constante

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nobrega, Juraci Carlos de Castro

1989-07-01

The stead-state analysis of a Wind Energy Conversion Systems, consisting on a Windmill, Synchronous Generator, transmission Line and Induction Motor driving a Centrifugal Pump is developed. The performance of the system operating at variable Speed with a flux control is examined using mathematical and digital simulation. The control scheme is proposed and tested in laboratory and a tested in laboratory and a test centre to be compared with simulation results. (author)

Design of an autonomous photovoltaic system for the supply of electric power from a rural residence in Bahia, Brazil; Projeto de um sistema fotovoltaico autonomo para o abastecimento da energia eletrica de uma residencia rural na Bahia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Almeida, Isaque da Silva; Cardoso, Gracieli Sartorio; Santoro, Renata Branco [Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, SP (Brazil)

2008-07-01

This paper presents a project to establish one electrical system, isolated by photovoltaic energy, in a residence located approximately 7 km from the town of Barra da Estiva, BA, which do not receive electricity through the transmission system, necessitating generation of electricity on the spot to ensure that this family has some benefits offered by electricity. The scaling was done to two situations: one that serves only the lights and another that allows for a more complete electrification to the region. Meanwhile, the deployment of new technologies in remote places such stocks requires new attitudes and forms of organisations for the adoption, management and maintenance of the system chosen, therefore, social aspects of acceptance of this technology are also discussed. (author)

The sector restructuring and the consequences on the planning and the marketing studies of the electric power distributors; A reestruturacao setorial e os reflexos sobre o planejamento e os estudos de mercado das distribuidoras de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsudo, Eduardo

2001-05-15

After the restructuring of the Brazilian power sector during the 1990's a new set of rules and players (regulators, traders, etc.) was introduced. This situation resulted in significantly impacting the distribution companies in terms of market risks and commercial opportunities. Electric power market assessments that provide fundamental information to the system and tariff planning groups can also be used to support the distribution companies in analyzing various questions within the new rules that have been created. These questions include such items as: how much energy should be contracted in the future in the wholesale market?; how much opportunity is available in offering commercial services to the customer?. This work describes the main changes that have occurred due to the restructuring, such as: the privatization process, a wholesale market implementation, rules for energy trading, and planning and regulatory process. The main challenges for distribution companies as a result of these changes are identified, especially focusing on energy trading in retail and wholesale markets. The process of electric power market assessments is presented and describing the accepted methodology used for demand forecasting for distribution companies. Information required by distribution companies in order to deal with the market challenges are specified - e.g. energy trading, market risks and customer relationship. It is concluded there is a need to obtain detailed information about consumers and to develop market forecast for specific time frame. It must take into consideration all the issues around the retail market - the study needs to analyze the basic factors that impact customer consumption. In order to improve the electric market assessment, it has been useful to apply specific models. After reviewing the existing tools for electric power market assessments (analysis and forecast), it has been found that the models that combined methods of end use analysis with scenario analysis are most effective. In this way, the distribution companies needs are met and the process also results in better market data for planning and regulatory agencies. (author)

Electrical resistivity of ceramic-metal composite materials in the percolation region: application in crucibles for induction furnaces; Resistividade eletrica de materiais compositos do tipo ceramica-metal na regiao de percolacao: aplicacao em cadinhos para fornos de inducao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sene, Frank Ferrer

1997-07-01

Ceramic composite materials were produced by mixing powders of Partially Stabilized (PSZ) with titanium, niobium or nickel, and cristobalite with titanium. Pellets were produced by uniaxially pressing the material followed by cold isostatic pressing and finally sintering at 1600 deg C for 1,5 hours in argon. The metal content was varied in the range of 0-40 volume percent (v/o). Electrical resistivity measurements were performed in the temperature range of 25 - 700 deg C. Samples containing metallic inclusions above 25 v/o show the predominance of electronic type conducting. For samples with metallic inclusion below 25 v/o, a typically ionic conduction behavior has been observed. PSZ-Ti and PSZ-Ni samples containing 25 v/o of metallic inclusions show an insulator - conductor transition in a given temperature range. Cristobalite samples containing 30 v/o of titanium show a conductor - insulator transition also in a specific temperature range. Tests performed in an induction furnace showed that samples containing metallic inclusions above 25 v/o had self-heated when exposed to electro magnetic fields in the range of radio frequency (r.f.) Crucibles of PSZ-Ti were made by slip casting followed by sintering at 1600 deg C for 1.5 hours in argon. These crucibles were exposed to electromagnetic fields in the r.f. range and the maximum temperature reached was 1350 deg C. Microstructure characterization was performed on those materials by X-ray diffraction, EDS, optical and scanning electron microscopy. (author)

Analysis of electrical and microstructural characteristics of a ZnO-based varistor doped with rare earth oxide; Analise das caracteristicas microestruturais e eletricas de um varistor a base de ZnO dopado com oxidos de terras raras

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andrade, J.M. de; Dias, R.; Furtado, J.G. de M. [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Assuncao, F.C.R. [Pontificia Univ. Catolica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC/Rio), RJ (Brazil)

2010-07-01

Varistor is a semiconductor device, used in the protection of electrical systems, characterized to have a high no-linear electric resistance. Its properties are directly dependents of its chemical composition and microstructural characteristics. In this work were analyzed microstructural and electrical characteristics of a ZnO-based varistor doped with rare earth oxide, with chemical composition (mol%) 98,5.ZnO - 0,3.Pr{sub 6}O{sub 11} - 0,2.Dy{sub 2}O{sub 3} - 0,9.Co{sub 2}O{sub 3} - 0,1.Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3}. X-ray diffraction for phase characterization, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used for microstructural analysis. Measurement of average grain size and electrical and dielectric characteristics complete the characterization. The results show the formation of biphasic microstructure and with high densification, presenting relevant varistors characteristics but that would need improvements.(author)

Mechanical and electrical evaluation of a dilute aluminium alloy heat treated for application in electrical cables and wires; Avaliacao mecanica e eletrica de uma liga diluida de aluminio tratada termicamente para aplicacao em fios e cabos eletricos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Freitas, E.S. [Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica - Unicamp - Campinas, SP (Brazil)], e-mail: manu@fem.unicamp.br; Kamizono, K.A.; Nogueira, P.; Nogueira, A.T.; Quaresma, Jose Maria do Vale [Universidade Federal do Para - UFPA, PA (Brazil)

2010-07-01

With the need to investigate new materials developed and presented to the market of non-ferrous materials and in particular those developed for the transmission and distribution of electricity, we conducted a study on a dilute alloy Al-EC-0, 7% Si, where from his previous characterization and thus knowing their good mechanical and electrical properties, we developed a new aluminum alloy in an attempt to know the properties of the alloy Al-EC-0, 7% Si in the presence of alloying elements, titanium. Being the new alloy under different thermal treatment temperature in order to observe their behavior under such mechanical and electrical conditions. (author)

The sector restructuring and the consequences on the planning and the marketing studies of the electric power distributors; A reestruturacao setorial e os reflexos sobre o planejamento e os estudos de mercado das distribuidoras de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsudo, Eduardo

2001-05-15

After the restructuring of the Brazilian power sector during the 1990's a new set of rules and players (regulators, traders, etc.) was introduced. This situation resulted in significantly impacting the distribution companies in terms of market risks and commercial opportunities. Electric power market assessments that provide fundamental information to the system and tariff planning groups can also be used to support the distribution companies in analyzing various questions within the new rules that have been created. These questions include such items as: how much energy should be contracted in the future in the wholesale market?; how much opportunity is available in offering commercial services to the customer?. This work describes the main changes that have occurred due to the restructuring, such as: the privatization process, a wholesale market implementation, rules for energy trading, and planning and regulatory process. The main challenges for distribution companies as a result of these changes are identified, especially focusing on energy trading in retail and wholesale markets. The process of electric power market assessments is presented and describing the accepted methodology used for demand forecasting for distribution companies. Information required by distribution companies in order to deal with the market challenges are specified - e.g. energy trading, market risks and customer relationship. It is concluded there is a need to obtain detailed information about consumers and to develop market forecast for specific time frame. It must take into consideration all the issues around the retail market - the study needs to analyze the basic factors that impact customer consumption. In order to improve the electric market assessment, it has been useful to apply specific models. After reviewing the existing tools for electric power market assessments (analysis and forecast), it has been found that the models that combined methods of end use analysis with scenario analysis are most effective. In this way, the distribution companies needs are met and the process also results in better market data for planning and regulatory agencies. (author)

Development of an API 5 L X 70 coil for the production of API pipes continuously welded by electric resistance; Desenvolvimento de bobina API 5 L X 70 para producao de tubos API soldados continuamente por resistencia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopes, Alexandre R; Cavalheiro, Benedito C [CONFAB Tubos S.A., Sao Caetano do Sul, SP (Brazil)

1998-07-01

The manufacturing of high strength ERW pipe, which applies the continuous forming process, is known to lead to a relevant economy in a productivity basis. The past few years shown a trend of changing on grade range, from the past X52 to the present X70. The manufacturing of the latter grades for coils are somehow difficult due to the high Bauschinger effect observed on ERW pipes with ferritic-perlitic microstructure, that results in pipes with yield strength much lower than in coils, as on limitations on rolling, where controlled rolling is not applied. In this work, acicular dispersed bainite was searched, in a way to reduce this effect after pipe forming. API 5L X70 coils, from USIMINAS, were processed including an intentional addition of Molybdenum in the range of 0.20%, together with Columbium and Vanadium (added as 0.050% average). (author)

Energy management: analysis of reducing energy consumption by sectors of the A.W. Faber-Castell S.A. company; Gerenciamento energetico: analise de reducao do consumo de energia eletrica de setores da empresa A.W. Faber-Castell S.A.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Jesue Ferraz da [Faculdades Integradas de Sao Carlos (FADISC), SP (Brazil); Branco, Fabio Jose Ceron [Universidade de Sao Paulo (EESC/USP), Sao Carlos, SP (Brazil). Escola de Engenharia

2009-07-01

The energy consumption in the sectors that require a lot of input from the company A.W. Faber-Castell S.A. after the implementation of the program to reduce energy consumption by the Internal Committee for Energy Conservation was studied. This program aimed to reduce by 0.5% of electric power in the company.

Evaluation of mechanical and electrical properties for an aluminium alloy thermo resistant for application in electrical cables and wires; Avaliacao das propriedades mecanicas e eletricas para uma liga de aluminio termorresistente para aplicacao em fios e cabos eletricos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amaral, M.A.; Reis, W.L.S.; Souza, A.T.M.D.; Quaresma, J.M.V. [Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, PA (Brazil)

2010-07-01

With the constant growth of brazilian industry and, consequently, the demand for electric power, realized the need to develop new metal alloys for use in wire and cable transmission and distribution of electricity to support the high temperatures which will be submitted. this study is based on the modification of aluminum by contents of Zr. the alloys were cast into ingot shaped {sup u,} after machined to a diameter of 18 mm, were homogenized and cold-worked (rolled). subsequently underwent a series of heat treatments at temperatures (230 degree c, 310 degree c and 390 degree c) for one hour in order to obtain the recrystallization temperature of alloys and demonstrate its potential for thermo resistant. With the inclusion of increasing contents of Zr, the alloy showed a higher recrystallization temperature and an increase in their limit of tensile strength. (author)

Proposal planning of expansion of electric power generating facilities of Rio Grande do Sul in 2008-2030 period; Proposta de planejamento de expansao do parque gerador de energia eletrica do Rio Grande do Sul no periodo 2008-2030

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magayevski, Juliano; Santos, Joao Carlos Vernetti dos [Universidade Luterana do Brasil (PPGEAM/ULBRA), Gravatai, RS (Brazil). Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia, Energia, Ambiente e Materiais

2010-07-01

This work examines the indicators of wealth and its relations with the electricity demand for the State of Rio Grande do Sul, with a trend scenario and alternative scenarios for the electricity demand for the period 2008-2030. A capacity model was developed in order to estimate the increase of the installed capacity necessary to supply the foreseen demand. This model considers new additions of the power plants in implantation, planned and in study, from a base of information and data of the Ministry of Energy. Based on the comparison of the scenarios established with the developed model, are identified strangulations of power supply in the considered time for two of them, the participation of the primary sources capable to prevent them is explored and the total investment for realization of developed model and one established scenario that show strangulation, through hydroelectric plants, thermoelectric based on mineral coal and thermoelectric based on natural gas. (author)

Energy agriculture in the Vale do Sao Francisco: electric power production from the sugar cane; Agricultura de energia no Vale do Sao Francisco: a cogeracao de energia eletrica a partir da queima do bagaco de cana-de-acucar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fraga Neto, Amintas Ferreira; Pinto, Adeon Cecilio [Universidade Federal do Vale do Sao Francisco (UNIVASF), Juazeiro, BA (Brazil). Curso de Engenharia de Producao], E-mail: adeon.pinto@univasf.edu.br

2009-07-01

The continuous increasing on energy demand has generated some preoccupation for both public and private sectors involved on search and creation of new sources of energy. Within this context, fossil and hydraulic energy sources have encountered barriers to its development. In order to solve this puzzle, a new paradigm emerges based on the use of renewable sources of energy. Among these energy sources it can be mentioned solar plants, wind mills and biomass. The option for determined energy source is related to aspects such as: technological knowledge, tradition on use and availability. In a global view, the renewable resources represent 20% of the overall energy supply. This datum shows the relevance of this topic. This paper aims to expose a theoretic discussion about the adoption of renewable energy sources in the San Francisco Valley. It also offers a diagnosis of the use of such sources in household energy. (author)

The iron and cerium oxide influence on the electric conductivity and the corrosion resistance of anodized aluminium; A influencia do ferro e do oxido de cerio sobre a condutividade eletrica e a resistencia a corrosao do aluminio anodizado

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza, Kellie Provazi de

2006-07-01

The influence of different treatments on the aluminum system covered with aluminum oxide is investigated. The aluminum anodization in sulphuric media and in mixed sulphuric and phosphoric media was used to alter the corrosion resistance, thickness, coverage degree and microhardness of the anodic oxide. Iron electrodeposition inside the anodic oxide was used to change its electric conductivity and corrosion resistance. Direct and pulsed current were used for iron electrodeposition and the Fe(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}(NH{sub 4}){sub 2}.6H{sub 2}O electrolyte composition was changed with the addition of boric and ascorbic acids. To the sealing treatment the CeCl{sub 3} composition was varied. The energy dispersive x-ray (EDS), the x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (FRX) and the morphologic analysis by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) allowed to verify that, the pulsed current increase the iron content inside the anodic layer and that the use of the additives inhibits the iron oxidation. The chronopotentiometric curves obtained during iron electrodeposition indicated that the boric and ascorbic acids mixture increased the electrodeposition process efficiency. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIE), the Vickers (Hv) microhardness measurements and morphologic analysis evidenced that the sealing treatment improves the corrosion resistance of the anodic film modified with iron. The electrical impedance (EI) technique allowed to prove the electric conductivity increase of the anodized aluminum with iron electrodeposited even after the cerium low concentration treatment. Iron nanowires were prepared by using the anodic oxide pores as template. (author)

Analysis and proposals of regulatory issues aimed at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases in the thermoelectric generation of isolated systems; Analise e propostas de aspectos regulatorios visando a reducao de emissoes de gases de efeito estufa na geracao termoeletrica dos sistemas isolados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magalhaes, Pedro Coelho de Souza Monteiro [Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), BA (Brazil)

2008-07-01

Restricted access to electricity, the existence of an energy matrix based on fossil fueled electricity plants and the lack of financial means by the population living in the Northern region of Brazil to afford the costs with electricity generation, transmission and distribution in the region created the need to implement cross subsidies in the country's electric sector isolated system. The subsidy policies have aimed at allowing the access to electricity for the population and industries in the north of Brazil and at promoting the economic development of this region, but have brought a great cost to society, particularly the Fuel Consumption Account (CCC), considering the environmental impacts of the fossil fuel use. This paper evaluates the current structure and the regulatory norms of the electricity sector's subsidies granted to the Isolated Systems, and intend to propose measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases in the thermoelectric generation plants in the isolated systems with the implementation of governmental incentives to power plants efficiency. (author)

The RedeGasEnergia and associated technologies to distributed generation, cogeneration and thermoelectric in developing the natural gas in Brazil; A RedeGasEnergia e as tecnologias associadas a geracao distribuida, cogeracao e termeletrica, no desenvolvimento da industria de gas natural no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Campos, Michel F. [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2004-07-01

From the PETROBRAS Strategic Plan, where 2015 mission and vision are defined, one search to reach the corporative strategy: 'to lead the natural gas market (NG) and to act in a integrated way in the energy market'. Amongst the corporative politics to guide the business strategies, we will be focusing the new businesses development, having as guide line the annual average growth in the domestic demand of NG, 14.2%. The Investment Plan foresees for the energy and gas area investments around US$ 1.8 billion for the 2003/2007 period, being approximately US$ 500 million destined to the conclusion of the already initiated projects of thermoelectric plants. The Strategic Technological Committee of Energy and Gas (COMEG 2003) defined as technologies of interest for PETROBRAS: renewed energies; sustainable development; NG chemical transformation; NG transport, distribution and storage; distributed generation, co-generation and thermoelectric; production, distribution and use of hydrogen as energy vector; industrial, commercial and residential applications of NG; energy efficiency; automotive systems applications; high power electrical systems and environment. The technology explained in this work, for development of the Brazilian Natural Gas Industry, highly compliant with the NG mass use plan, is the distributed generation, co-generation and thermoelectric and its associated technologies (combustion, IGCC, thermoelectric cycles optimization, gas turbines, boiler/heat recovers, microturbines, fuel cells, combustion engines, renewed energies and cold generation among others). There are several business strategies related to this technology: to play in the electric energy business to assure the NG and derivatives market commercialized by PETROBRAS; to play in the development of alternative sources of energy and; to invest in conservation of energy and renewable energy to add value to the company business. The RedeGasEnergia portfolio has 22 projects in this technology included in a total of approximately 100 projects in progress. (author)

Wireless system for location of permanent faults by short circuit current monitoring in electric power distribution network; Sistema wireless para localizacao de faltas permanentes atraves da monitoracao da corrente de curto-circuito em redes de distribuicao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Machado, A.G.; Correa, A.C.; Machado, R.N. das M.; Ferreira, A.M.D.; Pinto, J.A.C. [Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Para (IFPA), Belem, PA (Brazil)], E-mail: alcidesmachado000@yahoo.com.br; Barra Junior, W. [Universidade Federal do Para (UFPA), Belem, PA (Brazil). Inst. de Tecnologia. Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica], E-mail: walbarra@ufpa.br

2009-07-01

This paper presents the development of an automatic system for permanent short-circuits location in medium voltage (13.8 kV) electric power system distribution feeders, by indirect monitoring of the line current. When a permanent failure occurs, the developed system uses mobile telephony (GSM) text messages (SMS) to inform the power company operation center where the failure most likely took place. With this information in real time, the power company operation center may provide the network restoration in a faster and efficient way. (author)

Viability analysis of electric energy cogeneration in combined cycle with sugar-cane biomass gasification and natural gas; Analise de viabilidade da cogeracao de energia eletrica em ciclo combinado com gaseificacao de biomassa de cana-de-acucar e gas natural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Correa Neto, Vicente

2001-03-15

The objective of this thesis is evaluate the technical and economic viability of electric energy generation projects using as fuel the biomass produced in the sugar cane Brazilian industry, specifically the cane trash, the straw and the leaves of the plant, as complemental option to the expansion of the Brazilian electric system, hour in phase of deep modification in the institutional scenery, through the sale of electric energy for direct consumers or utilities, characterizing the business possibilities for the ethanol distilleries already integrated into the energy reality of the country. The analyzed technology is thermoelectric generation with combined cycle, operating in cogeneration, integrated to biomass gasification systems for the production of combustible gas, with and without addition of natural gas. The considered technology is known by the acronym BIG/GTCC, originated in Biomass Integrate Gasification Combined Cycle Gas Turbine. The economic analysis is made herself through a modeling and construction of economy project curves based on the prices of the electric energy, of the natural gas and in the costs of the retired biomass in an mechanized way.(author)

Implementation of a laboratory for manufacture, repair and electric calibration of dosemeters based in ionization chambers utilized in radiotherapy; Implementacao de um laboratorio para manutencao, reparo e calibracao eletrica de dosimetros baseados em camaras de ionizacao, utilizados em radioterapia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Becker, P.H.B.; Peres, M.A.L.; Moreira, A.J.C.; Nette, H.P. [Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria. Av. Salvador Allende S/N. Barra de Tijuca CEP: 22780-160. Caixa Postal: 37750 Rio de Janeiro-RJ (Brazil)

1998-12-31

Manufacturers of ionization chamber dosimeters for radiotherapy maintain only sales representatives in Brazil with no servicing capability causing difficulties to customers/users to get broken equipment back into operation. Aiming to partially solve this problem, a laboratory for maintenance, repair and electrical calibration was started in 1995 with the support of a two year IAEA Technical Assistance Project (BRA/1/031). (Author)

Electrical efficiency: case study of electric motors at machines room of a slaughterhouse in the state of Sao Paulo; Eficiencia eletrica: estudo de caso dos motores eletricos da sala de maquinas de um frigorifico no estado de Sao Paulo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rossi, Luiz A. [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEAGRI/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Agricola. Conselho Integrado de Infraestrutura Rural], E-mail: rossi@agri.unicamp.br; Silva, Roberto P.B. da; Barros, Regiane S. de [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEM/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica

2010-07-01

To estimate the potential for energy saving in cold compressor motor of a food industry, a study was conducted in a slaughterhouse in the state of Sao Paulo. It was analyzed only the engine room of the company because according to measurements this one corresponds approximately 97% of all electricity consumption of the unit. It was found that the electrical efficiency indices were low, demonstrating the possibilities for adoption of conservation measures and the rationalization of electric energy. It was evident that the establishment of an efficiency study to change the electrical equipment used was feasible and, therefore, was demonstrated and proposed a new arrangement for the current system. Soon after the diagnosis of the use of electricity was found that from the six Machinery, five were oversized. Then it was suggested to replace these machines by others with lower power and greater efficiency, as well as conducted an analysis of technical and economic feasibility of the project, demonstrating the possibilities for the rational use of energy and the optimization of financial resources company (author)

Analysis of the use of 'standard of housing' criterion in the concession of the social tariff of electric power; Analise do emprego do criterio 'padrao de moradia' na concessao da tarifa social de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tavares, Mauricio Lopes; Ferreira, Elnatan Chagas; Dias, Jose Antonio Siqueira [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (DEMIC/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computacao. Dept. de Eletronica e Microeletronica], Email: siqueira@demic.fee.unicamp.br

2006-07-01

The question of the electricity's price policy, referred as social tariff, is usually analyzed in terms of the economic sustainability of its application by the concessionaires of public utilities, responsible for its implementation, vis a vis the biggest possible benefit in social terms. To satisfy both of these conditions, it is necessary to definite the criteria that allows to clearly identify the target population who will receive the benefit. This paper analyzes the use of the criterion of 'housing standard' as a criterion for the implementation of the Social Tariff, contributing for the debate on the definition of the social benefits policy for the low-income consumers of electrical energy, currently under revision. (author)

Hybrid instrument applied to human reliability study in event of loss of external electric power in a nuclear power plant; Instrumento hibrido aplicado ao estudo da confiabilidade humana em evento de perda de energia eletrica externa em usina nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martins, Eduardo Ferraz

2015-04-01

The study projects in highly complex installations involves robust modeling, supported by conceptual and mathematical tools, to carry out systematic research and structured the different risk scenarios that can lead to unwanted events from occurring equipment failures or human errors. In the context of classical modeling, the Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA) seeks to provide qualitative and quantitative information about the project particularity and their operational facilities, including the identification of factors or scenarios that contribute to the risk and consequent comparison options for increasing safety. In this context, the aim of the thesis is to develop a hybrid instrument (CPP-HI) innovative, from the integrated modeling techniques of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), concepts of Human Reliability Analysis and Probabilistic Composition of Preferences (PCP). In support of modeling and validation of the CPP-HI, a simulation was performed on a triggering event 'Loss of External Electric Power' - PEEE, in a Nuclear Power plant. The results were simulated in a virtual environment (sensitivity analysis) and are robust to the study of Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) in the context of the PSA. (author)

A methodology for extracting knowledge rules from artificial neural networks applied to forecast demand for electric power; Uma metodologia para extracao de regras de conhecimento a partir de redes neurais artificiais aplicadas para previsao de demanda por energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Steinmetz, Tarcisio; Souza, Glauber; Ferreira, Sandro; Santos, Jose V. Canto dos; Valiati, Joao [Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (PIPCA/UNISINOS), Sao Leopoldo, RS (Brazil). Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Computacao Aplicada], Emails: trsteinmetz@unisinos.br, gsouza@unisinos.br, sferreira, jvcanto@unisinos.br, jfvaliati@unisinos.br

2009-07-01

We present a methodology for the extraction of rules from Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) trained to forecast the electric load demand. The rules have the ability to express the knowledge regarding the behavior of load demand acquired by the ANN during the training process. The rules are presented to the user in an easy to read format, such as IF premise THEN consequence. Where premise relates to the input data submitted to the ANN (mapped as fuzzy sets), and consequence appears as a linear equation describing the output to be presented by the ANN, should the premise part holds true. Experimentation demonstrates the method's capacity for acquiring and presenting high quality rules from neural networks trained to forecast electric load demand for several amounts of time in the future. (author)

Evaluation of computational model for supervision and control of greenhouses in order to reduce the consumption of electrical energy; Avaliacao de modelo computacional para supervisao e controle de casas de vegetacao visando a reducao do consumo de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laranjeira, Evandro Gomes; Rossi, Luis Antonio [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEAGRI/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Agricola

2006-07-01

Since a long time protected culture is a well-known technology and the increasing of biological knowledge and the new technologies development resulted in a great emphasis on climatic control. Nowadays there are several equipment in the market able to control the temperature, relative humidity, ventilation, solar radiation and artificial illumination as well. Difficulties are related to the manipulation of all these elements in an adequate way to reach the optimum climate conditions with a minimum resource and input expenses. In this project it was realized an climatic manager algorithm software evaluation using Fuzzy logic and climate models based on 'thermal loading calculation', psychrometry, managing the most common equipment available in the market with a minimum human intervention in the process. This Project has been made in two distinct structures and sorted technological levels. (author)

PVC/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: evaluation of electrical resistivity and the residual solvent effect over the thermal properties of nanocomposites; Nanocompositos PVC/nanotubos de carbono: avaliacao da resistividade eletrica e efeito do solvente utilizado na obtencao dos nanocompositos nas propriedades termicas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Araujo, Rogerio Gomes [Instituto Superior Tupy (UNISOCIESC), Joinville, SC (Brazil); Pires, Alfredo T.N., E-mail: araujo@sociesc.org.br [Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC (Brazil)

2013-07-01

The procedure for obtaining nanocomposite by dispersing the nanoparticles in matrix polymer in solution with subsequent elimination of the solvent has been widely used, considering better efficiency in obtaining homogeneity of the final product. However, the presence of residual solvent may affect the nanocomposites in micro-and macroscopic properties of the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal properties of nanocomposites of poly(vinylchloride)/multi-walled carbon nanotube obtained from the polymer solution and dispersion of carbon nanotubes in tetrahydrofuran (THF), as well as the electrical resistivity of nanocomposites and the influence of residual solvent. The presence of residual tetrahydrofuran reduces the glass transition temperature (Tg) up to 26 °C, being independent of the amount of carbon nanotubes. The total elimination of the solvent is an important factor that does not induce changes in the properties of the polymeric matrix. The graft-COOH groups in the structure of the nanotubes leads to a considerable reduction of the electrical resistivity in ten orders of magnitude, from 0.4 %wt of nanotubes in the nanocomposite composition. (author)

PROCEL`s, the Brazilian electric power holding company conservation program, revitalization process and electric power conservation achievements in the 2015 plan; O processo de revitalizacao do PROCEL e o alcance das metas de conservacao de energia eletrica no plano 2015

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Mario Fernando M.; Pimentel Filho, Geraldo; Costa Pinhel, Antonio Carlos da [ELETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). PROCEL

1995-12-31

The expected increasing of electric power consumption in Brazil from 1995 to 2005 will require investments in the electric power supply expansion of about US$170 billions. In case electric power conservation procedures may be effectively adopted, there might be a reduction in these investments up to US$34 billions. This work discusses how the revitalization of PROCEL, the Brazilian program of electric power conservation, is being conducted in order to achieve such objective 1 fig., 2 tabs., 4 refs.

How and why to retain customers of electric power energy compared to the free market access options; Como e porque fidelizar clientes de energia eletrica face as opcoes de acesso ao mercado livre. As alternativas de uma concessionaria de distribuicao

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Silva, Ana Lucia Rodrigues da; Prado Junior, Fernando Amaral de Almeida [Sinerconsult Consultoria Treinamento e Participacoes Ltda., Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2006-07-01

This paper discusses the main points of competitive electricity market in Brazil and the utilities challenges. The pro and con's of evasion of customers for the competitive market are evaluated in disco optical. Also are discussed the alternatives for a useful relationship with clients. Practical actions are proposed for the authors for obtaining better benefit/cost relationship and quality improving that induces better quality perception for the client. (author)

Electric power universalization: a political analysis of the energy distribution and its socio-environmental importance for the Amazon state, Brazil; Universalizacao da energia eletrica: uma analise politica da distribuicao de energia e da sua importancia socio-ambiental para o Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Valois Coelho, Ilsa Maria [Centro Universitario Nilton Lins, Manaus, AM (Brazil)], e-mail: Ivalois@horizon.com.br; Cartaxo, Elizabeth Ferreira [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil)], e-mail: Ecartaxo@ufam.edu.br

2004-07-01

The global distribution of electric energy in this article, attend to the electric and social exclusion and to regional inequalities in developing countries, with the objective to put up arguments about the question of the social and environmental injustice. It considers the need to plan the balance between the nature budget and the society budget without forgetting the fundamental principles of the thermodynamic and powerful interests involved. Alert to dangers of the exploit the natural resources looking for more energy. Although, the article shows up, the importance of the energy in developing societies. It gives information from IBGE and MME, about the relation between electric exclusion and social exclusion, calling attention to the impossibility to see concrete solutions, out of the social-economic context. Difficulties to construct Amazon indicators were improved on partly by own estimate, because the importance of the Amazon region to the environmental sustainability and the demographic, social and economic difficulties to the electric energy distribution for all Brazilian people. (author)

The social cost of electrical energy and its impact in a national economic development under an electrical system in permanent expansion; O Custo social da energia eletrica e seus impactos no desenvolvimento economico nacional sob um sistema eletrico em permanente expansao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miranda, Vinicius de Holanda [Centrais Eletricas Brasileiras (ELETROBRAS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2010-07-01

Traditionally, prices for a product or service are defined through the market, according to classical economic theories, on the assumption that there is freedom of choice by the agents involved. If the product is not essential, prices higher than consumer's willingness to pay will lead them to reduce consumption, so that, for consumption to grow again, the prices have to fall. This is a cyclical behavior that tends to oscillate around an average price of balance, and goods which have this behavior are, therefore, called elastic with respect to price. When the good or service is essential, it's said that there is a 'market failure', considering that his appropriation incur price fixing by the agent who operates, sells or is in the condition of 'natural monopoly' (for interconnected electric grids of transmission and distribution), because, although consumers could theoretically reduce its consumption as a response to rising prices, as it depends on even the good (which is essential for most activities) and even who provides it (since he has no freedom of choice), the reduction of the level of consumption is conditioned to specific circumstances, in particular the power consumption associated with residential buildings of occasional occupation or industrial consumption, which depends on the levels of seasonal production. In this case, unlike the non-essential goods, it's said to be an inelasticity of demand in relation to price, which impacts are discussed in the present paper. (author)

The processing of the acai in a project 'Model for Electric Power Enterprise in Isolated Communities in the Amazon' - NERAM; O beneficiamento do acai no projeto Modelo de Negocio de Energia Eletrica em Comunidades Isoladas na Amazonia - NERAM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xavier, Diogo J.C.; Souza, Rubem C.R.; Seye, Omar; Bacellar, Atlas A.; Santos, Eyde C.S.; Freitas, Katriana T.; Rodrigues, Monica; Morais, Marcia R.; Guimaraes, Euler L. [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (CDEAM/UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil). Centro de Desenvolvimento Energetico Amazonico], Emails: diogo_am@yahoo.com.br, cdeam@ufam.edu.br

2006-07-01

This article presents a discussion on the productive processes associated with the acai within the project 'Model for Electric Power Enterprise in Isolated Communities in the Amazon - NERAM', financed by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq. With the premise of global use of the fruit of the acai trees, all the stages of the processing are described. These stages comprise the extraction of the pulp, treatment of residues, drying of the acai seeds, and it use for power generation. Estimates of the proportions are described in mass of the fruit involved in the stages of the processes, from the pulp extraction till the final products, and characteristics of the generation equipment. (author)

Industrial pollution in the region of Paripe-Salvador: effects on the distribution of electric power and possible damages to human health; Poluicao industrial na regiao de Paripe-Salvador: efeitos sob a distribuicao de energia eletrica e possiveis danos a saude humana

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chaves, Cleuber Sobreira da Silva; Bomfim, Mario Antonio Duarte; Pereira, Osvaldo Soliano [Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), BA (Brazil). Curso de Mestrado em Regulacao da Industria de Energia], e-mail: cchaves@coelba.com.br, e-mail: osoliano@unifacs.br

2008-07-01

In the area of Paripe, in the suburb of Salvador, Bahia, the distribution of electric power of the Company of Electricity of the State of Bahia (COELBA) is facing serious problems with the industrial pollution. That pollution affects the whole distribution net, causing fortuitous lack of energy, in many cases even daily in their feeders. The problem happens due to the accumulation of material associated along the net and more precisely in the distribution insulators, generating a type of dirt, no removable for normal procedures, in the surface of that insulator and it will cause escape currents, causing the lack of energy of the whole distribution electric net. The subject presented in that paper refers to the project of Research and Development (P and D), about Atmospheric Pollution in Insulators of Distribution. The results of the research showed that the atmospheric pollution could cause problems to the population that lives close the polluted area. The purpose of that article is to present relevant data related to the distribution net of COELBA, where there are many lacks of energy and the possibility of do not respect the criterion of quality of the National Agency of Electric power (ANEEL), besides the damages caused the population. (author)

Photovoltaic systems connected to electric power like distributed generators: the recent situation at the PVPS-IEA and at the Brazilian scenario; Sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados a rede eletrica como geradores distribuidos: a situacao recente no PVPS-IEA e no cenario brasileiro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quaglia, Renato Brito; Oliveira, Sergio Henrique Ferreira de [Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo Andre, SP (Brazil). Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas. Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Energia], email: renato.quaglia@ufabc.edu.br

2008-07-01

In this paper it is considered the use of Distributed Generation (GD) as a further option to centralized generation of electricity and treats its photovoltaic systems connected to power network (SFCR's) technology as an option in this interesting 'new' model to plan the expansion of the brazilian electrical energy matrix, mainly in urban centres. For this reason, it was necessary to mention the main characteristics of this technology as distributed generators, and the profile of his generation when connected in homes and commercial buildings. Moreover, it presents the benefits that these systems can offer the electricity sector, society and the economy. In the study of Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (PVPS), specifically the situation of this technology in Germany, realized that the creation of mechanisms of financial incentives provided to implement some of the main barriers associated with the integration of photovoltaic systems as distributed generators. In assessing the Brazilian context, there was the incipient photovoltaic market in the country, even taking some systems already installed, note that the vast majority are intended for studies of Research and Development. There is also the exploitation of photovoltaic systems connected to the network for use in homes, businesses or industries, probably because of the lack of incentive programs for SFCR's. Although there is a programme of incentives to Alternative Sources of Electricity - Proinfa, it does not consider the SFCR's in its guidelines for qualification, only the wind systems, small hydroelectric plants and systems powered by biomass. Point is, therefore, the need for the creation of an energy policy that encourages the Brazilian market photovoltaic, more precisely a policy of offering incentives conditions of maturity of this technology when connected to the network - technical standards, decrease costs, creation of hand of specialized work, installation of manufacturers -, allowing the expansion of GD in the Brazilian electrical system. (author)

Electrical modeling of X-Ray tubes used in fluoroscopy systems with the objective of minimizing radiation transmitted to patients; Modelagem eletrica dos tubos de raios-X utilizados em sistemas de fluoroscopia com o objetivo de minimizar a radiacao transmitida ao paciente

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duarte, Raghunatha Faria; Oliveira, Bruno Andrade de; Souza, Euzebio de, E-mail: raghunathafaria@gmail.com, E-mail: brunodoliver90@hotmail.com, E-mail: euzebio.souza@prof.unibh.br [Centro Universitario de Belo Horizonte (UniBH), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

2017-09-01

The purpose of this article was to demonstrate the processes and parameters that are necessary for the operation of all X-rays in the use in fluoroscopy technique, the constructive part of the High Voltage Generator and the X-ray tube and how the X-ray release occurs to the patient during the examination, the condition of how the current and potential difference generates the X-rays incident to the patient during the procedure and what unnecessary exposure to such rays may be detrimental in amounts that do not add an image to the examination. In this way, a proposal was made for the electric modeling of an X-ray tube, in which it addressed an alternative to minimize the radiation that passes through the patient without generating useful images. (author)

Spare nonlinear systems resolution; its applicability in the resolution of the problem related power flow in electric power networks; Resolucao de sistemas nao-lineares esparsos; sua aplicacao na resolucao do problema de fluxo de carga em redes de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duran, Ana Cecilia

1990-03-01

This thesis aims to find a better way to solve large scale nonlinear sparse system problems giving special emphasis to load flow in electric power networks. The suggested algorithms are presented 63 refs., 28 figs., 16 tabs.

Contribution to the study of the determination of the remaining flow in deviation SHP (Small-Scale Hydroelectric Power Plants): the incorporation of the economic value of environmental resources; Contribuicao ao estudo da determinacao da vazao remanescente em PCHS (Pequenas Centrais Hidreletricas) de desvio: a incorporacao do valor economico de recursos ambientais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Henrique Machado Moreira [Schlumberger, Itajuba, MG (Brazil)], e-mail: henriquemmsantos@yahoo.com.br; Santos, Afonso Henriques Moreira [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI/GEE/ISSE), MG (Brazil). Inst. de Sistemas Eletricos e Energia. Grupo de Estudos Energeticos], e-mail: afonsohms@gmail.com; Ribeiro Junior, Leopoldo Uberto, e-mail: leopoldo_junior@yahoo.com.br; Nascimento, Jose Guilherme Antloga do, e-mail: jgan@brasilpch.com.br

2008-07-01

This paper seems to develop the economic analysis of Small Hydro Plants - SHP, incorporating in this analysis evaluations of priceless losses for the society, as the environmental damages, taking SHP Paraitinga as the study case. It involves questions related to environmental valuation, economics, and engineering, presenting the concept of the Economic Valuation of Environmental Resources. The main valuation methods are presented. In the economic analysis, the concept of willingness to pay is verified by using demand function, that involves the elasticity and the price. The price is calculated based on costs and the elasticity is calculated based on the essentially of the goods or services, which could be reached by market observation. Only the remaining outflow definition, in the stretch of reduced outflow of the project will be studied. After these studies and valuations, some scenarios will be adopted for the developed model, on current values and projections. A comparison of the present work and the methodology of commitment programming are carried out. Finally the results will be analyzed, trying to get the 'optimum outflow', aiming at balancing power, tourism and environmental interests. (author)

Oil use of the effluent plant ETEO (Effluent Station of Oil Treatment) as combustible for generation of energy in the power plant UG-50Hz; Utulizacao de oleo da ETEO (Estacao de Tratamento de Efluentes Oleosos) para geracao de energia na UG-50Hz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza, Jose Francisco de; Nascimento, Jose Maria do; Silva, Luiz Antonio da; Salazar, Marcos Vinicios; Baptista, Reinaldo Lopes; Barros, Sueli Aguiar [Companhia Siderurgica Nacional (CSN), Volta Redonda, RJ (Brazil)

2009-11-01

The areas of finishing products of CSN Steel Plant generate contaminated effluents with oil and grease , that are treated in ETEO (Effluent Station of Oil Treatment). In this plant, the oil is processed to be sold for the consuming market. However, some seasons of the year, the market does not absorb the oil, and CSN is obliged to defray the burning of this oil, to not interrupt the productive process and cause an environmental impact. Because of this situation, we search alternatives for the viable use of this oil inside CSN steel plant, taking care for the security of the processes and the impact to the environment. This paper describes the details of the work and the implantation of the burning of this oil of the ETEO with BPF oil (type of petrochemical oil) as combustible in the boiler 7 of the power plant UG 50 Hz. For the implantation of this project, operational contingencies of security for equipment was prepared . Moreover, the work included chemical analyses of the oil and the conditions of the boiler using this mixing of oils. The reached results demonstrate the total viability of this project and it was proved another alternative of the use of this residue, with reduction of the fuel costs , steam costs and the electric energy generated in the power plant of CSN. (author)

Implantation of wind power generation unities at rural communities of remote regions - the case of Vale do Rio Sao Francisco, Bahia, Brazil; Implantacao de unidades de geracao de energia eolica em comunidades rurais regioes remotas - o caso do Vale do Rio Sao Francisco, Bahia, Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Henriques Junior, Mauricio F. [Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], e-mail: mauricfr@int.gov.br; Szklo, Alexandre [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE)], e-mail: szklo@ppe.ufrj.br

2008-07-01

This paper describes the simulation of implantation of wind power generation unities for the attendance of small rural communities which are typical at remote regions and not attended by the regional concessionaires distribution networks systems. The simulation applies the Homer software, from NREL, and is applied to a typical rural community of isolated regions, composed by low income families, and situated at Rio Sao Francisco valley, Bahia state, Brazil, considering the incidence of strong and constant winds in the region. In this simulation a comparative analysis of an 40 W aeolian system is performed with other systems: a traditional one based on a diesel generation, an hybrid system, and the interconnection to the electric network.

Potential of the generation and the emissions avoided of greenhouse gases from urban solid residues from the Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, city; Potencial de geracao e de emissoes evitadas de gases de efeito estufa de residuos solidos urbanos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Loureiro, Saulo Machado [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Programa de Planejamento Energetico], e-mail: saulo@lima.coppe.ufrj.br; Rovere, Emilio Lebre La [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Lab. de Interdisciplinar de Meio Ambiente], e-mail: emilio@ppe.ufrj.br; Mahler, Claudio Fernando [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Grupo de Estudo em Tratamento de Residuos Solidos], e-mail: mahler0503@yahoo.com

2008-07-01

This work calculates the emissions of greenhouse, specifically the methane, coming from the biogas generated in anaerobic decomposition of the organic matter existing on the urban solid earth embankments, particularly the waste produced in the Rio de Janeiro city during the year 2007, besides three possible future mitigation scenarios of those emissions up to the year 2020, considering the present public politics adopted and the projections of population increasing and the per capita of the city (IPEA, 2007), The objective and justification consist of the data actualization for the next emission inventory of greenhouses at the Rio de Janeiro. It will be applied the IPCC (2006) methodology, and the application of alternative technologies in projects of avoided emissions of CH{sub 4}.

Analysis of rationality and efficiency of electricity utilization in posture poultry companies by computation platform based in fuzzy system; Analise da racionalidade e eficiencia da utilizacao de energia eletrica em empresas de avicultura de postura via plataforma computacional baseada em sistema fuzzy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cremasco, Camila Pires [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Bioestatistica; Faculdade de Tecnologia (FATEC), Presidente Prudente, SP (Brazil); Gabriel Filho, Luis Roberto Almeida [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Tupa, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas; Viais Neto, Daniel dos Santos; Bordin, Deyver [Faculdade de Tecnologia (FATEC), Presidente Prudente, SP (Brazil); Silva, Helenice de Oliveira Florentino [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Bioestatistica], E-mails: gabrielfilho@tupa.unesp.br., dvneto@fatecpp.edu.br, bordin@yahoo.com.br, helenice@ibb.unesp.br

2012-11-01

A great application of intelligent systems is in control of the electric power consumption of enterprises. For the assessment of the way that the company uses the electricity there are two indices which are called load factor and power factor. To facilitate the assessment of the performance of electric power consumption by the companies it is interesting that there is a single index indicating globally as energy is being used by the same. The goal of this work was to develop a software to assist laying poultry companies in the region of Bastos in more rational and efficient use of electric energy. For this, a system has been developed called Fuzzy Energy integrated environment developed with Delphi 2010. For the determination of fuzzy factor (situation of the company), we used a fuzzy system prepared in advance. The data collected over a period of 3 years helped the system programming. The software was able to present the situation of the company studied in a manner accessible to the user, and their results were tested accuracy 100 according to fuzzy system. With the inference method of Mandani, unable to create a general simulation of all relevant points of enterprise data. (author)

Projection of the electric power consumption of the agricultural sector in the region of the watershed of the river Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiai; Projecao do consumo de energia eletrica do setor agropecuario na regiao das bacias hidrograficas dos rio Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leite, Alvaro Afonso Furtado [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (NIPE/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Nucleo Interdisciplinar de Planejamento Energetico; Bajay, Sergio Valdir [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (DE/FEM/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica. Dept. de Energia

2006-07-01

Electricity consumption forecasts for the rural economy in the region comprising the Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiai river basins are carried out in this paper up to 2025. The structural decomposition method was used in the forecasts; the variables of this method are the total energy intensity, the share of the rural economy in the local GDP, the GDP itself and the market shares of the main energy carriers consumed in that economy. It is a very flexible methodology, which easily allows associations among alternative scenarios for the local economy development and stat-wise, or nation-wise scenarios. As no complete information on energy consumption are available on a municipality-wise level, the forecasts are limited to electricity consumption, for which all the necessary input data for the adopted forecasting method were obtained. An example of aggregation of municipalities with similar characteristics in the region (economic growth) is also presented. Such type of aggregation is important to project state-wise forecasts to municipalities in the state. (author)

Comparative analysis of photovoltaic electric power storage systems by using batteries and hydrogen, at remote communities of the Amazon region; Analise comparativa de sistemas de armazenamento de energia eletrica fotovoltaica por meio de baterias e hidrogenio, em localidades isoladas da regiao Amazonica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Furlan, Andre Luis [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica; Neves Junior, Newton Pimenta [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica Gleb Wataghin. Lab. de Hidrogenio]. E-mail: andrelf@fem.unicamp.br

2008-07-01

In this work, comparative analyses of photovoltaic power storage were made, first by the traditional means employing lead-acid batteries, and second by means of electrolytic hydrogen which was later reconverted to power in a fuel cell. In order to design the two systems, it was used a load profile of the communities in Amazon region and by means of a mathematical model, implemented in a spreadsheet, that considers the several devices and their efficiencies in order to make it possible to specify the system components. The results were employed to evaluate the economic viability of the two systems in remote communities. Considering the present conditions, it was verified that the battery system is slightly advantageous. However, it was also observed that a minor cost reduction of the electrolizers/buffer/fuel cell would make the hydrogen system very competitive, becoming the best option for photovoltaic power storage. (author)

Challenges for implementation of bioenergy in the Brazilian energy matrix and biomass gasification process for the production of electrical power; Desafios da bioenergia para sua implementacao na matriz energetica brasileira e o processo de gaseificacao da biomassa para a producao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Figueiroa, E.O.; Moutinho-Junior, D.A.A.; Silva, J.D. [Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, PE (Brazil)

2010-07-01

The gasification is the conversion of any solid or liquid fuel in fuel gas through the process of the partial oxidation at a high temperature. The gasification process of course occurs in four distinct physicochemical stages with different temperatures of reaction, as drying of the biomass, pyrolysis, reduction and combustion. The reorganization of the Brazilian electric sector foresees technological innovations in the system of electric generation for the country. The process of gasification integrated in a combined cycle (cycle of Brayton and cycle of Rankine) characterizes an innovative technology. It is with noting that this technology is still in improvement, it shows an excellent perspective of commercial viability and efficiency significantly higher than conventional technology. This work presents a study of the gases generated in the zone of combustion and its behavior in the zone of 'freeboard' of a gasifier of fluidized stream bed. For this study, we made the use of one hybrid technique (half-analytical) that is the transformed one of Fourier. (author)

Investigation and comparison of the main corrosion processes on different electric power substations of the Rio Grande de Sul state, Brazil; Investigacao e comparacao dos principais processos de corrosao em diferentes subestacoes de energia eletrica do estado do Rio Grande do Sul

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brusamarello, Valner; Bianchi, Andre L.; Rieder, Ester S.; Balbinot, Alexandre; Wentz, Marcio; Konig, Diogo; Radke, Carlos [Universidade Luterana do Brasil (Ulbra), Canoas, RS (Brazil)

2006-07-01

In this work experiments have been developed on four electric power substations, three located at the coastal of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and one at the capital od the state, Porto Alegre city. The study had the objective to determine the corrosion ratios of the different metallic materials exposed to aggressive agents of the environment where the substations are exposed, and to determine the corrosive attack mechanisms of those materials as well, viewing the optimization using of those materials for a more extended useful life.

Improvements in electric power system of the effluent treatment station of the hot strip mill no. 2 (ETE/LTQ-2); Melhorias no sistema de alimentacao eletrica da estacao de tratamento de efluentes do laminador de tiras a quente n. 2 (ETE/LTQ-2)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martins, Hamilton Geraldo; Pinho, Wilson Pereira de; Martinez, Flavio Costa; Rocha, Carlos Eduardo da [Companhia Siderurgica Nacional (CSN), Volta Redonda, RJ (Brazil). Gerencia de Distribuicao de Energeticos

2011-12-21

The ETE/LTQ-2 is an vital area for the production process of coiled hot rolled strip. Any problems in the operating functions in this station results in the loss production in the mill. This is what occurred in 2007 January when there was problems in the termination of the power cables from the transformer of the circuit B-521 and in December in the same year, when there was an explosion of the oil cutout switch, which resulted in serious injury to the production process of the LTQ-2. Thus, began a search process for solutions to improve the reliability and security of the electrical system that meets the motor pumps of the ETE/LTQ-2 to reduce the risk of interference in the production process in result of the electrical faults. In 2010 June, was completed the implementations of the solutions to improve this performance, which consisted of repowering the two power circuits of the ETE/LTQ-2 (B-521 and B-570), replacement of the transformers for others of higher power (3.75 MVA to 5.5 MVA) of both circuits and replacement the oil cutout switch for SF6 circuit breakers. (author)