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Sample records for genetic octave yin-yang-algebra

  1. Two Opposing Effects (Yin and Yang) Determine Cancer Progression.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Shujun; Kurubanjerdjit, Nilubon; Xu, Wayne

    2017-01-01

    In this review, we introduce a new vision of cancer describing opposing effects that control progression. Cancer is a paradigm of opposing of "Yin" and "Yang," with Yin being the effect to promote cancer and Yang that to maintain the normal state. This Yin Yang hypothesis has been used to select Yin and Yang genes to develop multigene signatures for determining prognosis in lung and breast cancer. Most of the Yin genes are involved in cell survival, growth, and proliferation, whereas most Yang genes are involved in cell apoptosis. Furthermore, Yin and Yang pathways have been identified in breast cancer and compounds that can inhibit the Yin pathways or activate the Yang pathways have been examined, suggesting a new promising targeting therapy for cancer. We are building a Yin Yang model to represent the dynamic change of Yin and Yang genes and pathways.

  2. Yin-Yang Balancing

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Li, Peter Ping

    The potential contribution of the Eastern frame of Yin-Yang Balancing lies in the mindset of "either/and", in contrast to Aristotle's either/or logic and Hegel's "both/or". Implications of this either/and thinking for science and management will be explored.......The potential contribution of the Eastern frame of Yin-Yang Balancing lies in the mindset of "either/and", in contrast to Aristotle's either/or logic and Hegel's "both/or". Implications of this either/and thinking for science and management will be explored....

  3. GREECE FACES A YIN-YANG DEVELOPMENT PHASE

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    Stefania Andra SIMIONESCU

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available The concept Yin-Yang represents the unity of opposites and complementarity. In this respect, from the economical point of view a positive Yin phase represents the cash flow, brings nutrition, gentleness and protection, while a negative Yin phase means capital loss, sloth and passive obedience, a positive Yang phase is translated as an action based on funds, emphasising the creation, the construction and the development of infrastructure thanks to an economical action plan, while a negative Yang phase leads to conflicts, to excessive product stocks and to a stock market collapse, causing, in this line, crisis and inflation by increasing prices and decreasing purchasing power. In the European Union, Greece faces a Yang negative phase. When having too much positive Yin monetary stimulus from the EU, the Yin-Yang balance turns in favour of a negative Yang bankrupcy and unemployment. Thus, I explore not only the Greece’s economical dimension, but also its geographic role, the synergy between culture and DNA and the last, but not the least, the human’s ability in creating a new positive Yin-Yang flourishing future.

  4. Yin and yang surfaces: an evolutionary perspective.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Legge, David

    2014-12-01

    A search of the Chinese medicine literature reveals several conflicting explanations of the division of the body into yin and yang surfaces. This paper attempts to clarify this basic concept and reconcile the differing descriptions of it through an exploration of material from other disciplines. A remarkable similarity exists between the surfaces on the human body that are defined by the pathways of the yin and yang meridians and those that have evolved from the ventral and the dorsal aspects of early vertebrate structure. Many of the evolutionary changes described have parallels in our embryological development and are evident in the underlying anatomy of our limbs. The degree of convergence between the two descriptions strongly supports the definition of the yin and yang surfaces as those traversed by the yin and yang meridians. It also goes a long way towards reconciling the conflicting definitions found in the literature. Finding a solution to this question of yin and yang surfaces that is based on anatomy and evolutionary theories has several advantages. It can throw light on differences in the clinical effects of points on the yin and yang meridians and enable the identification of anomalies in the pathways of the main meridian network. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  5. Can Yin-Yang Guide Chinese Indigenous Management Research?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Li, Xin

    2014-01-01

    : Chinese Yin-Yang philosophy, Hegel's dialectic, and Niels Bohr's complementarity principle, as well as Aristotle's formal (either/or) logic. I show that the four logical systems have differences and similarities and show that Westerners can and do think dialectically. I also argue that Chinese Yin......-Yang philosophy, while useful and powerful in some situations, is not always superior to the other logical systems and philosophies. My purpose is to alert Chinese management scholars to the dangers of overconfidence and to stimulate discussion and debate on the true value of Yin-Yang in particular...

  6. GPU Linear algebra extensions for GNU/Octave

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bosi, L B; Mariotti, M; Santocchia, A

    2012-01-01

    Octave is one of the most widely used open source tools for numerical analysis and liner algebra. Our project aims to improve Octave by introducing support for GPU computing in order to speed up some linear algebra operations. The core of our work is a C library that executes some BLAS operations concerning vector- vector, vector matrix and matrix-matrix functions on the GPU. OpenCL functions are used to program GPU kernels, which are bound within the GNU/octave framework. We report the project implementation design and some preliminary results about performance.

  7. Zhong-Yong as Dynamic Balancing Between Yin-Yang Opposites

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Li, Xin

    2017-01-01

    Purpose The purpose of this paper is to comment on Peter Ping Li’s understanding of Zhong-Yong balancing, presented in his article titled “Global implications of the indigenous epistemological system from the East: How to apply Yin-Yang balancing to paradox management.” Seeing his understanding....... Originality/value This commentary contributes to the “West meets East” discourse by debunking Peter P. Li’s assertion that Yin-Yang balancing is superior as a solution to paradox management and his prescription that balancing between Yin-Yang opposites must be asymmetric. It also contributes to the Chinese...

  8. Is Yin-Yang Superior for Paradox Research?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Li, Xin; Worm, Verner; Peihong, Xie

    2017-01-01

    Purpose The paper debunks Peter P. Li’s assertion that Yin-Yang is superior to any other cognitive frames or logical systems for paradox research. The purpose of this paper is to alert the Chinese indigenous management researchers to the danger of Chinese exceptionalism and over-confidence. Design...... of cultural exceptionalism and ethnocentrism can make cross-cultural communication and interaction smoother. Originality/value This paper is a rigorous critique on the “Yin-Yang being superior” assertion of Peter P. Li....

  9. Validity of Yin-Yang temperament in Sasang Personality Questionnaire.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hwang, Bo Kyung; Yoon, Yeo-Jin; Han, Sang Yun; Lee, Soo Jin; Chae, Han

    2018-03-01

    The Yin-Yang is a pivotal concept of traditional East-Asian medicine, however the stability of Yin-Yang temperament in Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) over time has not been extensively studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest validity of SPQ with a large number of participants. SPQ test was conducted two times with three months interval in 247 Korean university students. The structural validity of first SPQ data was examined with Factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha, and the correlation between first and second measure of SPQ was attested with Pearson's correlation. Yang, Uncertain and Yin temperament groups were determined with SPQ total scores, and agreement of temperament group clustering between first and second measures were analyzed with Cohen's Kappa. Three subscales of SPQ explained 55.25% of total variances, and internal consistency of SPQ total score was 0.772. The correlation coefficient between first and second measures of SPQ were 0.851 and 0.888 in male and female, respectively, and the agreement of first and second Yin-Yang temperament group clustering as Cohen's Kappa was 0.536 for male and 0.637 for female. The repeatability of SPQ measuring Yin-Yang temperament at three months of interval was found to be satisfactory. The SPQ would be a reliable clinical measure for the biopsychological studies of traditional East-Asian medicine.

  10. Stress and Systemic Inflammation: Yin-Yang Dynamics in Health and Diseases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yan, Qing

    2018-01-01

    Studies in psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) would provide better insights into the "whole mind-body system." Systems biology models of the complex adaptive systems (CASs), such as a conceptual framework of "Yin-Yang dynamics," may be helpful for identifying systems-based biomarkers and targets for more effective prevention and treatment. The disturbances in the Yin-Yang dynamical balance may result in stress, inflammation, and various disorders including insomnia, Alzheimer's disease, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, skin disorders, and cancer. At the molecular and cellular levels, the imbalances in the cytokine pathways, mitochondria networks, redox systems, and various signaling pathways may contribute to systemic inflammation. In the nervous system, Yin and Yang may represent the dynamical associations between the progressive and regressive processes in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. In response to the damages to the heart, the Yin-Yang dynamical balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine networks is crucial. The studies of cancer have revealed the importance of the Yin-Yang dynamics in the tumoricidal and tumorigenic activities of the immune system. Stress-induced neuroimmune imbalances are also essential in chronic skin disorders including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. With the integrative framework, the restoration of the Yin-Yang dynamics can become the objective of dynamical systems medicine.

  11. Geodynamo and mantle convection simulations on the Earth Simulator using the Yin-Yang grid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kageyama, Akira; Yoshida, Masaki

    2005-01-01

    We have developed finite difference codes based on the Yin-Yang grid for the geodynamo simulation and the mantle convection simulation. The Yin-Yang grid is a kind of spherical overset grid that is composed of two identical component grids. The intrinsic simplicity of the mesh configuration of the Yin-Yang grid enables us to develop highly optimized simulation codes on massively parallel supercomputers. The Yin-Yang geodynamo code has achieved 15.2 Tflops with 4096 processors on the Earth Simulator. This represents 46% of the theoretical peak performance. The Yin-Yang mantle code has enabled us to carry out mantle convection simulations in realistic regimes with a Rayleigh number of 10 7 including strongly temperature dependent viscosity with spatial contrast up to 10 6

  12. Tonifying Shen-Yin and -Yang Principles in Treating Osteoporosis: All Roads Lead to Rome

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    Wei Gou

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Tonifying Shen strategy works as an important alternative and complementary method that is widely used to treat osteoporosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM based on the proper identification of Zheng. Shen deficiency Zheng is one of the main types of osteoporosis while Shen-Yin and -Yang deficiencies represent two basic principles/types of Shen deficiency. Currently, Tonifying Shen strategy, in particular, the Tonifying Shen-Yin and -Yang principles, has been demonstrated to exert osteoprotective effects. However, the mechanisms by which Tonifying Shen strategy and/or Tonifying Shen-Yin and -Yang principles function in treating osteoporosis are still not clearly understood. Here we first briefly explore current understanding of Tonifying Shen strategy, such as Tonifying Shen prescriptions, herbs, and effective components, in treating osteoporosis. Furthermore, the mechanism of Tonifying Shen-Yang principle in treating osteoporosis is reviewed from the clinic experience, animal, and mechanistic investigation. Moreover, the mechanisms by which Tonifying Shen-Yin principle in treating osteoporosis are established. Finally, we compare the similarity and difference between Tonifying Shen-Yang and -Yin principles in treating osteoporosis. Our findings indicate that both principles exert bone-protective effects in treating osteoporosis by simultaneously stimulating the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs into osteoblast and the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs into osteoclast. However, Tonifying Shen-Yin principle is in favor of increasing bone mineral density (BMD while Tonifying Shen-Yang principle is in favor of osteoporosis-related syndromes. Our findings indicate that Tonifying Shen-Yin and -Yang principles not only share some similarity but also obtain some difference in treating osteoporosis.

  13. [Application of Bayes Probability Model in Differentiation of Yin and Yang Jaundice Syndromes in Neonates].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mu, Chun-sun; Zhang, Ping; Kong, Chun-yan; Li, Yang-ning

    2015-09-01

    To study the application of Bayes probability model in differentiating yin and yang jaundice syndromes in neonates. Totally 107 jaundice neonates who admitted to hospital within 10 days after birth were assigned to two groups according to syndrome differentiation, 68 in the yang jaundice syndrome group and 39 in the yin jaundice syndrome group. Data collected for neonates were factors related to jaundice before, during and after birth. Blood routines, liver and renal functions, and myocardial enzymes were tested on the admission day or the next day. Logistic regression model and Bayes discriminating analysis were used to screen factors important for yin and yang jaundice syndrome differentiation. Finally, Bayes probability model for yin and yang jaundice syndromes was established and assessed. Factors important for yin and yang jaundice syndrome differentiation screened by Logistic regression model and Bayes discriminating analysis included mothers' age, mother with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational age, asphyxia, or ABO hemolytic diseases, red blood cell distribution width (RDW-SD), platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR), serum direct bilirubin (DBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholinesterase (CHE). Bayes discriminating analysis was performed by SPSS to obtain Bayes discriminant function coefficient. Bayes discriminant function was established according to discriminant function coefficients. Yang jaundice syndrome: y1= -21. 701 +2. 589 x mother's age + 1. 037 x GDM-17. 175 x asphyxia + 13. 876 x gestational age + 6. 303 x ABO hemolytic disease + 2.116 x RDW-SD + 0. 831 x DBIL + 0. 012 x ALP + 1. 697 x LCR + 0. 001 x CHE; Yin jaundice syndrome: y2= -33. 511 + 2.991 x mother's age + 3.960 x GDM-12. 877 x asphyxia + 11. 848 x gestational age + 1. 820 x ABO hemolytic disease +2. 231 x RDW-SD +0. 999 x DBIL +0. 023 x ALP +1. 916 x LCR +0. 002 x CHE. Bayes discriminant function was hypothesis tested and got Wilks' λ =0. 393 (P =0. 000). So Bayes

  14. Design of PDC Controllers by Matrix Reversibility for Synchronization of Yin and Yang Chaotic Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Henon Maps

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    Chun-Yen Ho

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper investigates the synchronization of Yin and Yang chaotic T-S fuzzy Henon maps via PDC controllers. Based on the Chinese philosophy, Yin is the decreasing, negative, historical, or feminine principle in nature, while Yang is the increasing, positive, contemporary, or masculine principle in nature. Yin and Yang are two fundamental opposites in Chinese philosophy. The Henon map is an invertible map; so the Henon maps with increasing and decreasing argument can be called the Yang and Yin Henon maps, respectively. Chaos synchronization of Yin and Yang T-S fuzzy Henon maps is achieved by PDC controllers. The design of PDC controllers is based on the linear invertible matrix theory. The T-S fuzzy model of Yin and Yang Henon maps and the design of PDC controllers are novel, and the simulation results show that the approach is effective.

  15. Validation of the qi blood yin yang deficiency questionnaire on chronic fatigue.

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    Kim, Jihye; Ku, Boncho; Kim, Keun Ho

    2016-01-01

    Chronic fatigue (CF) reflects an imbalance of inter-organ functions or of the four essential physiological components qi, blood (xue), yin, and yang. CF can be subdivided into different patterns. However, there are no diagnostic methods for CF. This study aimed to clinically validate a pattern identification method by identifying correlations between CF and responses to the qi blood yin yang deficiency questionnaire (QBYY-Q). Participants were recruited between May and June 2014 through the Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine hospital website and via posters and comprised 129 CF patients diagnosed with the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1994) criteria. Participants who had organic diseases that explained the CF were excluded. A total of 159 participants were asked to complete the QBYY-Q, the fatigue severity scale, and the Chalder fatigue scale. The latter two questionnaires were used to assess convergent validity with the QBYY-Q. Among the 129 CF participants, 70 and 59 had chronic fatigue syndrome and idiopathic chronic fatigue, respectively. Two Korean medical doctors independently assessed participants' qi, blood, yin, and yang deficiency patterns using QBYY deficiency pattern identification guidelines. Based on the results of a preliminary study of the QBYY-Q, we selected 32 reliable items for symptoms corresponding to each deficiency pattern. The items were used to estimate internal consistency and construct validity. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed for scores on each deficiency pattern. The data were means and standard deviations or numbers of participants and proportions for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. A statistical significance level of P yin, and yang deficiency were 45.1, 58.0, 52.2, and 63.4 %, respectively. Each QBYY-Q deficiency score was positively associated with each corresponding deficiency pattern. Qi deficiency was used as a reference category. Odds ratios of blood, yin

  16. Interpersonal Harmony and Conflict for Chinese People: A Yin-Yang Perspective.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Li-Li

    2016-01-01

    This article provides an overview on a series of original studies conducted by the author. The aim here is to present the ideas that the author reconstructed, based on the dialectics of harmonization, regarding harmony and conflict embodied in traditional Chinese thought, and to describe how a formal psychological theory/model on interpersonal harmony and conflict was developed based on the Yin-Yang perspective. The paper also details how essential theories on interpersonal harmony and conflict were constructed under this formal model by conducting a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews with 30 adults. Psychological research in Western society has, intriguingly, long been focused more on interpersonal conflict than on interpersonal harmony. By contrast, the author's work started from the viewpoint of a materialist conception of history and dialectics of harmonization in order to reinterpret traditional Chinese thought. Next, a "dynamic model of interpersonal harmony and conflict" was developed, as a formal psychological theory, based on the real-virtual notions in the Yin-Yang perspective. Under this model, interpersonal harmony and conflict can be classified into genuine versus superficial harmony and authentic versus virtual focus conflict, and implicit/hidden conflict is regarded as superficial harmony. Subsequently, the author conducted a series of quantitative studies on interpersonal harmony and conflict within parent-child, supervisor-subordinate, and friend-friend relationships in order to verify the construct validity and the predictive validity of the dynamic model of interpersonal harmony and conflict. The claim presented herein is that Chinese traditional thought and the psychological theory/model based on the Yin-Yang perspective can be combined. Accordingly, by combining qualitative and quantitative empirical research, the relative substantial theory can be developed and the concepts can be validated. Thus, this work represents the

  17. Analysis on yin syndrome insomnia and yang syndrome insomnia%失眠的阴证阳证分类探析

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    唐娜娜; 余建玮; 吴长汶; 骆始华; 黄俊山; 刘中勇

    2017-01-01

    Sleeping and awaking of a man is compatible with the nature,in which movement of defensive qi between yin and yang is the root cause of sleeping and awaking.And besides,shen dominates sleeping.The insomnia based on wei yang ying yin theory is that if the causative factor of insomnia originated from the disorder of wei yang (defensive yang),there of it is yang syndrome;if the trigger was over-powerful wei yang,then it is insomnia of yang in the yang syndrome;if the cause was weak wei yang,then it is insomnia of yin in the yang syndrome.Likewise,if the trigger was the disorder of nutrient yin,then it is yin syndrome insomnia;if nutrient yin was too excessive,then it is insomnia of yang in the yin syndrome;if nutrient yin was too deficient,then it is insomnia of yin in the yin syndrome.Based on spirit dominated by heart mind theory:fire and heat harassing spirit is yang syndrome insomnia;excessive fire harassing heart is yang in the yang syndrome insomnia;deficient fire disturbing heart and mind is yin in the yang syndrome insomnia;the lack of cultivation of heart and mind is insomnia of yin syndrome,among which the trigger is deficiency,then insomnia belongs to yin in the yin syndrome,and the trigger is excess,then the insomnia is yang in the yin syndrome.This paper classified insomnia into two categories:the yin syndrome and yang syndrome for the sake of clinical practice.%人之寤寐是与自然相适应的结果,卫行于阴与阳,是寐与寤的根本原因,另外神主宰着睡眠.基于卫阳营阴理论引起的失眠:卫阳失调为阳证失眠,卫阳过强为阳中之阳证失眠,卫阳太弱为阳中之阴证失眠;营阴失调为阴证失眠,营阴过实为阴中之阳证失眠,营阴太虚为阴中之阴证失眠.基于心主神志理论引起的失眠:火热扰神为阳证失眠,实火扰心为阳中之阳证失眠,虚火扰心为阳中之阴证失眠;心神失养为阴证失眠,因虚致心神失养为阴中之阴证失眠,因实致心神失养为阴中之阳证失眠.文章对失眠进行阴证阳证的分类,以期为临床实践提供思路.

  18. Estimating the yin-yang nature of Western herbs: a potential tool based on antioxidation-oxidation theory.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gilca, Marilena; Gaman, Laura; Lixandru, Daniela; Stoian, Irina

    2014-01-01

    One of the biggest obstacles to progress in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) development in Western countries is the difficulty of applying the traditional concepts to the Western medicinal plants, which are not traditionally described in ancient literature. During recent years, new advances in the field of understanding Yin/Yang aspects from a modern bioscientific point of view have led to the conclusion that antioxidationoxidation concepts might mirror a Yin-Yang relationship. This study was intended to integrate the Yin-Yang theory of the traditional Chinese medicine with modern antioxidation-oxidation theory, and to propose a biochemical tool based on redox parameters (e.g. antioxidant capacity, chemiluminescence-CL signal inducing capacity), usable for the classification of Western medicinal plants from Yin/Yang perspective. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of six vegetal aqueous extracts (Symphitum officinalae (radix)-SYM, Inula helenium (radix)-INU, Calendula officinalis (flores)-CAL, Angelica arhanghelica (folium)ANG(F), Angelica arhanghelica (radix)-ANG(R), Ecbalium Elaterium (fruits)-ECB) and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence of PMNL on addition of these vegetal extracts were measured. Percentages from the maximal or minimal values obtained were calculated for each extract (TEAC%, PMNL stimulation%, PMNL inhibition%, relative speed of action% (RSA%%)), specific Yin-Yang significance was assigned to each relative parameter. In the end, an integration of all the relative values was done, in order to find a global "Yin" or a "Yang" trait of each vegetal extract. TEAC decreased in the following order: SYM > INU > CAL >ANG(F) > ANG(R > ECB. Three vegetal extracts (SYM > INU > ECB) decreased the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence of PMNL, two (ANG(R) > ANG(F)) increased it, while one (CAL) had a dual effect. After the integration of the percentages, CAL was found to have a global "Yang" trait, while the rest of the plants had a global "Yin

  19. [The Yin and Yang movement in the cosmology of Chinese medicine].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Coutinho, Bernardo Diniz; Dulcetti, Pérola Goretti Sichero

    2015-01-01

    After being developed in the East, based on Taoist cosmology, Chinese medicine has been practiced in the West based on scientific foundations and biomedical paradigms. Some traditional elements of this philosophy were abandoned, such as the theory of Yin and Yang, knowledge that is essential for understanding the health-disease process resulting from the circulation of the body's energy flow. This article studies the movement of the dual elements of Yin and Yang in Chinese medical teaching, seeking to understand how this line of thought developed and how it has contributed towards establishing a system of diagnosis and therapy. The methodology employed was to analyze literature on the subject, based on theoretical references to Taoist thought and traditional Chinese medicine.

  20. [Characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes in patients with acute ischemic stroke of yin or yang syndrome: a multicenter trial].

    Science.gov (United States)

    You, Jin-song; Huang, Yan; Cai, Ye-feng; Guo, Jian-wen; Liang, Wei-xiong; Huang, Pei-xin; Liu, Mao-cai

    2008-04-01

    To explore the composition characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with acute ischemic stroke of yin or yang syndrome by investigating the characteristics of TCM syndromes at different periods after onset. One thousand two hundred and forty-six patients with acute ischemic stroke were admitted in twenty hospitals. According to the "diagnostic criteria of syndrome differentiation of stroke", the characteristics of syndromes in the patients were investigated at the periods of 1-3 days, 4-10 days and 11-30 days after they had ischemic stroke. General distribution of six basic syndromes was compared between the patients with yin syndrome and the patients with yang syndrome at the three periods. The six basic syndromes were wind syndrome, pathogenic fire syndrome, phlegm syndrome, blood stasis syndrome, qi deficiency syndrome, and syndrome of yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity. The percentages of wind, pathogenic fire, and phlegm syndromes in the patients were decreased at the period of 11-30 days as compared with the period of 1-3 days (87.1% vs 79.3%, 52.1% vs 38.7% and 67.1% vs 57.4% respectively, P0.05). There were no differences in the distribution of yin and yang syndromes among the three periods (P>0.05). The percentages of syndromes of wind, pathogenic fire, phlegm, and yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity were higher (Pfour or five syndromes were higher, and the percentages of single-syndromes and complex syndromes of two syndromes were lower in patients with yang syndrome than in patients with yin syndrome (P<0.05, P<0.01). The most frequent complex syndromes in patients with yin syndrome were complex syndrome of wind, phlegm, blood stasis and qi deficiency, and complex syndrome of wind, phlegm and qi deficiency; while the most frequent complex syndromes in patients with yang syndrome were complex syndrome of wind, pathogenic fire, phlegm and qi deficiency, and complex syndrome of wind, pathogenic fire and phlegm. The

  1. Review of MFTF yin-yang magnet displacement and magnetic field measurements and calculations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hanson, C.L.; Myall, J.O.; Wohlwend, J.W.

    1983-01-01

    During the recent testing of the MFTF yin-yang magnet, measurements of coil position, structural case strain, and magnetic field were made to verify calculated values. Measurements to detect magnet movement were taken throughout cooldown and during the operation of the magnet. The magnetic field at the mirror points was measured by Hall-effect probes. The magnet position, structural case strain, and magnetic field measurements indicated a reasonably close correlation with calculated values. Information obtained from the yin-yang test has been very useful in setting realistic mechanical alignment values for the new MFTF-B magnet system

  2. Review of MFTF yin-yang magnet displacement and magnetic field measurements and calculations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hanson, C.L.; Myall, J.O.; Wohlwend, J.W.

    1983-01-01

    During the recent testing of the MFTF yin-yang magnet, measurements of coil position, structural case strain, and magnetic field were made to verify calculated values. Measurements to detect magnet movement were taken throughout cooldown and during the operation of the magnet. The magnetic field at the mirror points was measured by Hall-effect probes. The magnet position, structural case strain, and magntic field measurements indicated a reasonably close correlation with calculated values. Information obtained from the yin-yang test has been very useful in setting realistic mechanical alignment values for the new MFTF-B magnet system

  3. Protocol for the evaluation and validation of Qi Blood Yin Yang deficiency pattern questionnaire: prospective observational study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Jihye; Kim, Keun Ho

    2015-12-01

    The aim of this study is to validate the pattern identification standard of qi, blood, yin, and yang deficiency patterns diagnosis. The current study will investigate the usefulness of the Qi Blood Yin Yang deficiency pattern questionnaire as a diagnostic tool for qi, blood, yin, and yang deficiencies by assessing the agreement between the scores and a gold standard established by assessors. This protocol is for a single center, prospective, observational study. A total of 248 eligible patients with unexplained chronic fatigue will be assigned to four groups in a 1:1:1:1 ratio as the qi deficiency group, blood deficiency group, yin deficiency group, and yang deficiency group. The primary outcome will be measured using the score of the Qi Blood Yin Yang deficiency pattern questionnaire and the secondary outcomes will be measured using the fatigue severity scale, Korean-translated chalder fatigue scale, computerized tongue image analysis system, and three types of pattern identification questionnaires (cold-heat, food accumulation, and seven emotions patterns). The safety of the clinical study will be assessed after measurements at every visit. All statistical analysis will be performed using the R Statistics program. Statistics experts will analyze the relationship between clinical data using the Pearson's Chi-squared test and independent t -test. This study will provide reference data and good evidence that are applicable to future studies. Furthermore, the results of the present study are useful to improve the care of patients with unexplained chronic fatigue and unexplained chronic fatigue-related disorders.

  4. [Impact on the gait time cycle of ischemic stroke in the treatment with yin-yang respiratory reinforcing and reducing needling technique].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Qi; Tian, Fu-Ling; Liu, Guo-Rong; Zheng, De-Song; Chen, Jin-Ming; Ma, Shu-Riang; Cui, Jian-Mei; Wang, Hong-Bin; Li, Xue-Qing

    2014-03-01

    To compare the difference in the efficacy on gait time cycle of ischemic stroke between yin-yang respiratory reinforcing and reducing needling technique (yin-yang needling) and the conventional acupuncture. Sixty cases of ischemic stroke were randomized into a conventional acupuncture group and a yin-yang needling group, 30 cases in each one. The basic treatment (the control of blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipid, the intravenous drops of ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection and vinpocetine injection) were applied in the two groups. Additionally, in the conventional acupuncture group, the acupoints of the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming [Biguan (ST 31), Liangqiu (ST 34), Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Xiajuxu (ST 39), etc.] were selected and stimulated with the even needling technique. In the yin-yang needling group, the acupoints of yin meridians such as Zuwuli (LR 10), Xuehai (SP 10), Yinlingquan (SP 9) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), etc. and the acupoints of yang meridians such as Biguan (ST 31), Liangqiu (ST 34) and Yanglingquan (GB 34), etc. were selected. The reducing manipulation of respiratory reinforcing and reducing technique was applied to the acupoints of yin meridians and the reinforcing manipulation was applied to the acupoints of yang meridians. The kinematics time parameters were determined and compared before and 4 weeks after treatment. After treatment, the differences in the gait cycle, the phase time of standing (%), the phase time of single support (%), the phase time of unilateral sway (%) on the affected (healthy) foot and phase time of double support (%) were significant as compared with those before treatment in the patients of the two groups (all P yin-yang needling group were improved much obviously after treatment as compared with those in the conventional acupuncture group. The differences in support phase time (%), single support phase time (%) and sway phase time (%) were significant between the affected limb and

  5. Initial validation of the Yin-Yang Assessment Questionnaire for persons with diabetes mellitus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wong, Yee Chi Peggy; Pang, Mei Che Samantha

    2015-09-10

    To initially test for the content validity, comprehensibility, test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability of the Yin-Yang Assessment Questionnaire (YY-AQ). The process of initial validity and reliability test covered: (1) content validation from the findings of 18 multiple-case studies, validated Yin- and Yang-deficiency assessment questionnaires, relevant literatures and registered Chinese medicine practitioners; (2) comprehension with the levels of comprehensibility for each item categorized on a 3-point scale (not comprehensible; moderately comprehensible; highly comprehensible). A minimum of three respondents selecting for each item of moderately or highly comprehensible were regarded as comprehensive; (3) test-retest reliability conducted with a 2-wk interval. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and their 95%CIs were calculated using a two-way random effects model. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test for related samples was adopted to compare the medians of test-retest scores. An ICC value of 0.85 or higher together with P > 0.05, was considered acceptable; and (4) internal consistency of the total items was measured and evaluated by Cronbach's coefficient alpha (α). A Cronbach's α of 0.7 or higher was considered to represent good internal consistency. Eighteen Yin-deficiency and 14 Yang-deficiency presentation items were finalized from content validation. Five participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) performed the comprehensibility and test-retest reliability tests. Comprehensibility score level of each presentation item was found to be moderate or high in three out of the five participants. Test-retest reliability showed that the single measure ICC of the total Yin-deficiency presentation items was 0.99 (95%CI: 0.89-0.99) and the median scores on the first and 14(th) days were 17 (IQR 6.5-27) and 21 (IQR 6-29) (P = 0.144) respectively. The single measure ICC of the total Yang-deficiency presentation items was 0.88 (95%CI: 0

  6. A YinYang bipolar fuzzy cognitive TOPSIS method to bipolar disorder diagnosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Han, Ying; Lu, Zhenyu; Du, Zhenguang; Luo, Qi; Chen, Sheng

    2018-05-01

    Bipolar disorder is often mis-diagnosed as unipolar depression in the clinical diagnosis. The main reason is that, different from other diseases, bipolarity is the norm rather than exception in bipolar disorder diagnosis. YinYang bipolar fuzzy set captures bipolarity and has been successfully used to construct a unified inference mathematical modeling method to bipolar disorder clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, symptoms and their interrelationships are not considered in the existing method, circumventing its ability to describe complexity of bipolar disorder. Thus, in this paper, a YinYang bipolar fuzzy multi-criteria group decision making method to bipolar disorder clinical diagnosis is developed. Comparing with the existing method, the new one is more comprehensive. The merits of the new method are listed as follows: First of all, multi-criteria group decision making method is introduced into bipolar disorder diagnosis for considering different symptoms and multiple doctors' opinions. Secondly, the discreet diagnosis principle is adopted by the revised TOPSIS method. Last but not the least, YinYang bipolar fuzzy cognitive map is provided for the understanding of interrelations among symptoms. The illustrated case demonstrates the feasibility, validity, and necessity of the theoretical results obtained. Moreover, the comparison analysis demonstrates that the diagnosis result is more accurate, when interrelations about symptoms are considered in the proposed method. In a conclusion, the main contribution of this paper is to provide a comprehensive mathematical approach to improve the accuracy of bipolar disorder clinical diagnosis, in which both bipolarity and complexity are considered. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. Structural support of a yin-yang magnet for a tandem mirror reactor with thermal barriers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Erickson, J.L.; Ojalvo, I.U.; Myall, J.O.

    1980-01-01

    This report contains a comprehensive summary covering work performed by Grumman Aerospace Corporation, in conjunction with the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, on the TMP yin-yang coils. The yin-yang coil pair used for our analysis has a major arc radius of 2.7 m and a minor arc radius of 1.18 m, compared with 2.5 m and 0.75 m for the MFTF. The maximum field on the present conductor is 9.05 Tesla. This magnetic field is created by, and interacts with, a conductor current which produces a 360 million Newton total force, tending to separate the parallel lobes of the major arcs

  8. [Analysis of Medication Laws for Chinese Medicine Treating Hypertension Patients with Yin Defi- ciency Yang Hyperactivity Syndrome Based on Literatures].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ma, Ning; Hou, Ya-zhu; Wang, Xian-liang; Mao, Jing-yuan

    2016-04-01

    To analyze medication laws of Chinese medicine (CM) treatment in hypertension patients with yin deficiency yang hyperactivity syndrome. China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI, Jan. 1979-Dec 2014), Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP, Jan 1989-Dec2014), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM, Jan.1978-Dec.2014), Wanfang Database (Jan 1990-Dec 2014) were retrieved by using "hypertension", "CM", "Chinese herbs", "syndrome" as keywords. Totally 149 literatures concerning CM treatment for hypertension patients with yin deficiency yanghyperactivity syndrome were included in this study. The herbs database was established by SPSS20.0,and correlation laws were analyzed by SAS9.3. With the Pajek3.1, results were presented visually withcomplex networks. There were 149 literatures including 131 kinds of herbs with 1,598 frequencies. The conventional compatibility program of herbs for asthenic yin and predominant yang syndrome of hypertension were two toothed achyranthes root, tall gastrodia rhizome, Cassia obtusifolia L., eucommiabark, baikal skullcap root, and so on, about 29 kinds. Of them, core herbs were two toothed achyranthes root, tall gastrodia rhizome, Cassia obtusifolia L., poria, prepared rhizome of rehmannia, oriental water-plantain tuber, asiatic cornelian cherry fruit, Uncariae Rhynchophylla, common yam rhizome, the rootbark of the peony tree, and so on. Medication laws of CM treatment in hypertension patientswith yin deficiency yang hyperactivity syndrome obtained by analysis of complex networks reflected thetherapeutics of nourishing yin to suppress yang, which could further provide reference for clinical studies.

  9. Magnets for the Mirror Fusion Test Facility: testing of the first Yin-Yang and the design and development of other magnets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kozman, T.A.; Wang, S.T.; Chang, Y.

    1983-01-01

    Completed in May 1981, the first Yin-Yang magnet for the tandem Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF-B) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) was successfully tested in February 1982 to its full design field (7.68 T) and current (5775 A). Since that time, the entire magnet array has been reconfigured - from the original A-cell to an axicell design. The MFTF-B magnet array now contains a total of 26 large superconducting coils: 2 sets of yin-yang pairs, 2 sets of transition magnets (each containing two coils), 2 sets of axicell magnets (each containing three coils), and 12 central-cell solenoids. This paper chronicles recent magnet history - from te testing of the initial yin-yang set, through the design of the axicell configuration, to the planned development of the system

  10. Life style prevention of cancer recurrence: the yin and the yang.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Berrino, Franco

    2014-01-01

    There is increasing evidence that lifestyle after the diagnosis of cancer may affect prognosis. Several studies have shown that a Western dietary pattern, obesity, weight gain, a sedentary lifestyle, metabolic syndrome, high serum levels of insulin, growth factors, and inflammatory cytokines after the diagnosis of cancer are associated with an increased incidence of recurrences. Most studies have been on breast and colon cancer. However, in the clinical management of cancer, little attention is presently paid to improving lifestyle and controlling body weight. Lifestyle intervention trials are needed to corroborate or confute the observational results on cancer recurrences, but, even now, there is no contraindication to promoting moderate physical exercise, moderate calorie restriction (CR), and a Mediterranean dietary pattern. In fact, the AICR/WCRF 2007 systematic literature review recommends cancer patients to adopt the lifestyle recommended for the prevention of cancer. Interestingly, the evidence-based AICR/WCRF recommendations coincide with traditional rules, based on far Eastern philosophy, of avoiding extremely yin food, such as sugared beverages and calorie-dense foods, and extremely yang food, such as processed meat, and relying on the equilibrium of slightly yang food, such as whole-grain unprocessed cereals, eaten with slightly yin food, such as legumes and vegetables.

  11. Zhong-Yong as Dynamic Balancing Between Yin-Yang Opposites

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Li, Xin

    2018-01-01

    of Zhong-Yong balancing being incorrect and incomplete, the author proposes an alternative perspective on Zhong-Yong as dynamic balancing between Yin-Yang opposites. Design/methodology/approach: The author first explain why Peter P. Li’s “asymmetry” and “superiority” arguments are flawed by referring...... to the original text of the classical book of Zhong-Yong (中庸) and a comparison between Zhong-Yong and Aristotle’s doctrine of the mean. The author then propose an alternative approach to Zhong-Yong balancing that is embedded in the original text Zhong-Yong but somehow has been neglected by many Chinese scholars...

  12. First results with the yin-yang type electron cyclotron resonance ion source

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suominen, P.; Ropponen, T.; Koivisto, H.

    2007-01-01

    Highly charged heavy-ion beams are often produced with Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS). The so-called conventional minimum-B ECRIS design includes two solenoid magnets and a multipole magnet (usually a hexapole). A minimum-B configuration can also be formed with 'yin-yang' ('baseball') type coils. Such a magnetic field configuration has been extensively tested in magnetic fusion experiments but not for the production of highly charged heavy ions. The application of the afore-mentioned coil structure to the production of multiply charged ion beams was studied. In this paper we present a design of a yin-yang type ion source known as the ARC-ECRIS and some preliminary experimental results. As a result of this work it was found that the ARC-ECRIS plasma is stable and capable of producing multiply charged ions. Many compromises were made in order to keep the costs of the prototype low. As a consequence, significant improvement can be expected in performance if the plasma size is increased and magnetic confinement is improved. At the end of this article an evolution model of the ARC-ECRIS and some future prospects are presented

  13. Effects of Qiangji Jianli Yin on the hypothalamus CRH contents and plasma ACTH, cortisol levels in rat models of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao Hui; Chen Zhixi; Chen Jinyan; Li Zhiqiang; He Zanhou

    2007-01-01

    Objective: To investigate the effects of qiangji jianli yin on hypothalamus CRH contents and plasma ACTH, Cortisol levels in rat models with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. Methods: Rat models of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome were prepared with intramuscular injuection of hydroeortisone and divided into 5 groups: (1) no further treatment, n=13 (2) treated with high dosage d qiangji jiandi yin, n=12 (3) treated with medium dosage of qiangji jianli yin, n=12 (4) treated with low dosage of qiangji jianli yin n=12, (5) treated with yougui wan, n=12. Ten rats injuected with intramuscular distilled water only served as controls. The animals were sacrificied 14 days later and the hypothalamus CRH contents as well as plasma AOM and cortisol levels were measured with RIA. The thymus gland weight index and the adrenal gland index were calculated. Results: (1) The hypothalamus CRH contents and plasma ACTH, cortisol levels were significantly lower (P<0.01) in the rat models of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome without any treatment thas those in controls rats; the thymus and adrenal gland weight index were significantly decreased too (P <0.01). The CRH conteats and ACTH, cortisol levels in all the three group of rat model treated with different dosage of qiangji jianli yin were significantly higher than those in the models without any treatment (P<0.05-0.01). Conclusion: In rat models of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome, dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) led to decreased secretion of related hormones. The HPAA function might be partially restored with administation of qiangji jianli yin. (authors)

  14. The Effects of Yin, Yang and Qi in the Skin on Pain.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adams, James David

    2016-01-29

    The most effective and safe treatment site for pain is in the skin. This chapter discusses the reasons to treat pain in the skin. Pain is sensed in the skin through transient receptor potential cation channels and other receptors. These receptors have endogenous agonists (yang) and antagonists (yin) that help the body control pain. Acupuncture works through modulation of these receptor activities (qi) in the skin; as do moxibustion and liniments. The treatment of pain in the skin has the potential to save many lives and improve pain therapy in most patients.

  15. The Effects of Yin, Yang and Qi in the Skin on Pain

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    James David Adams

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The most effective and safe treatment site for pain is in the skin. This chapter discusses the reasons to treat pain in the skin. Pain is sensed in the skin through transient receptor potential cation channels and other receptors. These receptors have endogenous agonists (yang and antagonists (yin that help the body control pain. Acupuncture works through modulation of these receptor activities (qi in the skin; as do moxibustion and liniments. The treatment of pain in the skin has the potential to save many lives and improve pain therapy in most patients.

  16. THE YIN AND YANG OF CSR ETHICAL BRANDING

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ellisha Nasruddin

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Within the current discourse and the often overly-commercialized hyperbole of branding and positioning, there is a particular area that has not been given due attention. Yet, with the rapid changes and the multiple crises of present-day realities, a frequently neglected area, emerges as vitally imperative. The troubles can be seen in both large as well as small businesses within Malaysia. This article, thus, aims to bring back ethics, one of the management blind-spots, into the center stage of branding and organizational transformation. The objectives of this article are two-fold: (1 to build a discussion on the value and importance of ethical branding through CSR initiatives and (2 to present a CSR ethical branding (CSR-EB framework which delineates the content (yin and context (yang, comprising seven pillars: pillar of ethical core, pillar of inner stakeholders, pillar of products and services, pillar of outer stakeholders, pillar of cultural context, pillar of spatial context, and pillar of temporal context.

  17. Canonical formulation of the self-dual Yang-Mills system: Algebras and hierarchies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chau, L.; Yamanaka, I.

    1992-01-01

    We construct a canonical formulation of the self-dual Yang-Mills system formulated in the gauge-invariant group-valued J fields and derive their Hamiltonian and the quadratic algebras of the fundamental Dirac brackets. We also show that the quadratic algebras satisfy Jacobi identities and their structure matrices satisfy modified Yang-Baxter equations. From these quadratic algebras, we construct Kac-Moody-like and Virasoro-like algebras. We also discuss their related symmetries, involutive conserved quantities, and hierarchies of nonlinear and linear equations

  18. Quadratic PBW-Algebras, Yang-Baxter Equation and Artin-Schelter Regularity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gateva-Ivanova, Tatiana

    2010-08-01

    We study quadratic algebras over a field k. We show that an n-generated PBW-algebra A has finite global dimension and polynomial growth iff its Hilbert series is H A (z) = 1/(1-z) n . A surprising amount can be said when the algebra A has quantum binomial relations, that is the defining relations are binomials xy - c xy zt, c xy is an element of k x , which are square-free and nondegenerate. We prove that in this case various good algebraic and homological properties are closely related. The main result shows that for an n-generated quantum binomial algebra A the following conditions are equivalent: (i) A is a PBW-algebra with finite global dimension; (ii) A is PBW and has polynomial growth; (iii) A is an Artin-Schelter regular PBW-algebra; (iv) A is a Yang-Baxter algebra; (v) H A (z) = 1/(1-z) n ; (vi) The dual A ! is a quantum Grassman algebra; (vii) A is a binomial skew polynomial ring. This implies that the problem of classification of Artin-Schelter regular PBW-algebras of global dimension n is equivalent to the classification of square-free set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation (X,r), on sets X of order n.| (author)

  19. On Yang's Noncommutative Space Time Algebra, Holography, Area Quantization and C-space Relativity

    CERN Document Server

    Castro, C

    2004-01-01

    An isomorphism between Yang's Noncommutative space-time algebra (involving two length scales) and the holographic-area-coordinates algebra of C-spaces (Clifford spaces) is constructed via an AdS_5 space-time which is instrumental in explaining the origins of an extra (infrared) scale R in conjunction to the (ultraviolet) Planck scale lambda characteristic of C-spaces. Yang's space-time algebra allowed Tanaka to explain the origins behind the discrete nature of the spectrum for the spatial coordinates and spatial momenta which yields a minimum length-scale lambda (ultraviolet cutoff) and a minimum momentum p = (\\hbar / R) (maximal length R, infrared cutoff). The double-scaling limit of Yang's algebra : lambda goes to 0, and R goes to infinity, in conjunction with the large n infinity limit, leads naturally to the area quantization condition : lambda R = L^2 = n lambda^2 (in Planck area units) given in terms of the discrete angular-momentum eigenvalues n . The generalized Weyl-Heisenberg algebra in C-spaces is ...

  20. Structural support conceptual studies for a Yin-Yang magnet of a tandem mirror reactor. Final report, September 1979-August 1980

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ojalvo, I.U.; Erickson, J.L.

    1980-07-01

    An investigation was made as to whether the TMR Yin-Yang coils will require elaborate external structural restraints. The approach taken was to use a simple coil case of compact design and to add and modify structural members to transfer loads from one coil to the other. The design considerations are described

  1. [Intervention effects of Zuoguiwan containing serum on osteoblast through ERK1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in models with kidney-Yang-deficiency, kidney-Yin-deficiency osteoporosis syndromes].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Jian-Hua; Xin, Jing; Fan, Lian-Xia; Yin, Hua

    2017-10-01

    To clarify the effects of Zuoguiwan containing serum on osteoblast proliferation and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) expression and its effects on the expression of β-catenin, ERK1, ERK2 mRNA and protein of osteoblast through ERK1/2, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in models with osteoporosis(OP) kidney-Yang-deficiency, osteoporosis(OP) kidney-Yin-deficiency syndrome. Rat osteoporosis models were established by ovariectomy surgery, and 10 weeks after surgery, hydrocortisone was injected and thyroxine was administered by intragastric administration to establish OP kidney-Yang-deficiency rat model, and OP kidney-Yin-deficiency rat model. Osteoblasts were obtained from 24 h newborn rat skull and were identified by alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining. Zuoguiwan containing serum of OP, OP kidney-Yang-deficiency, and OP kidney-Yin-deficiency, as well as the blank serum were used to intervene the osteoblast, and the cells proliferation was detected by MTS. ELISA assay was used to detect ALP expression. RT-PCR assay was used to detect the mRNA expression of ERK1, ERK2, β-catenin and protein expression levels were detected by Western blot. The results showed that Zuoguiwan containing serum in OP kidney-Yin-deficiency model had stronger effect than OP kidney-Yang-deficiency in promoting osteoblast proliferation, ALP expression, osteoblast ERK1/2, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related factors β-catenin, ERK1, ERK2 mRNA and protein expression levels. This was consistent with the TCM theory of "Zuoguiwan nourishes kidney Yin", providing a scientific basis for the clinical and dialectical treatment of osteoporosis. Zuoguiwan could regulate the proliferation and differentiation of bone cells by ERK1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which may be one of the mechanisms of Zuoguiwan for the prevention of osteoporosis. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

  2. Auxiliary fields for super Yang-Mills from division algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Evans, Jonathan M.

    1994-01-01

    Division algebras are used to explain the existence and symmetries of various sets of auxiliary fields for super Yang-Mills in dimensions d=3,4,6,10. (Contribution to G\\"ursey Memorial Conference I: Strings and Symmetries)

  3. a New Hybrid Yin-Yang Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Uncapacitated Warehouse Location Problems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Heidari, A. A.; Kazemizade, O.; Hakimpour, F.

    2017-09-01

    Yin-Yang-pair optimization (YYPO) is one of the latest metaheuristic algorithms (MA) proposed in 2015 that tries to inspire the philosophy of balance between conflicting concepts. Particle swarm optimizer (PSO) is one of the first population-based MA inspired by social behaviors of birds. In spite of PSO, the YYPO is not a nature inspired optimizer. It has a low complexity and starts with only two initial positions and can produce more points with regard to the dimension of target problem. Due to unique advantages of these methodologies and to mitigate the immature convergence and local optima (LO) stagnation problems in PSO, in this work, a continuous hybrid strategy based on the behaviors of PSO and YYPO is proposed to attain the suboptimal solutions of uncapacitated warehouse location (UWL) problems. This efficient hierarchical PSO-based optimizer (PSOYPO) can improve the effectiveness of PSO on spatial optimization tasks such as the family of UWL problems. The performance of the proposed PSOYPO is verified according to some UWL benchmark cases. These test cases have been used in several works to evaluate the efficacy of different MA. Then, the PSOYPO is compared to the standard PSO, genetic algorithm (GA), harmony search (HS), modified HS (OBCHS), and evolutionary simulated annealing (ESA). The experimental results demonstrate that the PSOYPO can reveal a better or competitive efficacy compared to the PSO and other MA.

  4. Yang-Baxter algebra - Integrable systems - Conformal quantum field theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Karowski, M.

    1989-01-01

    This series of lectures is based on investigations [1,2] of finite-size corrections for the six-vertex model by means of Bethe ansatz methods. In addition a review on applications of Yang-Baxter algebras and an introduction to the theory of integrable systems and the algebraic Bethe ansatz is presented. A Θ-vacuum like angle appearing in the RSOS-models is discussed. The continuum limit in the critical case of these statistical models is performed to obtain the minimal models of conformal quantum field theory. (author)

  5. Design scoping study of the 12T Yin-Yang magnet system for the Tandem Mirror Next Step (TMNS). Final report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1981-09-01

    The overall objective of this engineering study was to determine the feasibility of designing a Yin-Yang magnet capable of producing a peak field in the windings of 12T for the Tandem Mirror Next Step (TMNS) program. As part of this technical study, a rough order of magnitude (ROM) cost estimate of the winding for this magnet was undertaken. The preferred approach to the winding design of the TMNS plug coil utilizes innovative design concepts to meet the structural, electrical and thermodynamic requirements of the magnet system. Structurally, the coil is radially partitioned into four sections, preventing the accumulation of the radial loads and reacting them into the structural case. To safely dissipate the 13.34 GJ of energy stored in each Yin-Yang magnet, the winding has been electrically subdivided into parallel or nested coils, each having its own power supply and protection circuitry. This arrangement effectively divides the total stored energy of the coils into manageable subsystems. The windings are cooled with superfluid helium II, operated at 1.8K and 1.2 atmospheres. The superior cooling capabilities of helium II have enabled the overall winding envelope to be minimized, providing a current density of 2367 A/CM 2 , excluding substructure

  6. Multi-objective optimization of Stirling engine systems using Front-based Yin-Yang-Pair Optimization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Punnathanam, Varun; Kotecha, Prakash

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • Efficient multi-objective optimization algorithm F-YYPO demonstrated. • Three Stirling engine applications with a total of eight cases. • Improvements in the objective function values of up to 30%. • Superior to the popularly used gamultiobj of MATLAB. • F-YYPO has extremely low time complexity. - Abstract: In this work, we demonstrate the performance of Front-based Yin-Yang-Pair Optimization (F-YYPO) to solve multi-objective problems related to Stirling engine systems. The performance of F-YYPO is compared with that of (i) a recently proposed multi-objective optimization algorithm (Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer) and (ii) an algorithm popularly employed in literature due to its easy accessibility (MATLAB’s inbuilt multi-objective Genetic Algorithm function: gamultiobj). We consider three Stirling engine based optimization problems: (i) the solar-dish Stirling engine system which considers objectives of output power, thermal efficiency and rate of entropy generation; (ii) Stirling engine thermal model which considers the associated irreversibility of the cycle with objectives of output power, thermal efficiency and pressure drop; and finally (iii) an experimentally validated polytropic finite speed thermodynamics based Stirling engine model also with objectives of output power and pressure drop. We observe F-YYPO to be significantly more effective as compared to its competitors in solving the problems, while requiring only a fraction of the computational time required by the other algorithms.

  7. Yin Yang 1 Promotes Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Through Upregulation of Glucocorticoid Receptor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lu, Yan; Xiong, Xuelian; Wang, Xiaolin; Zhang, Zhijian; Li, Jin; Shi, Guojun; Yang, Jian; Zhang, Huijie; Ning, Guang; Li, Xiaoying

    2013-01-01

    Gluconeogenesis is critical in maintaining blood glucose levels in a normal range during fasting. In this study, we investigated the role of Yin Yang 1 (YY1), a key transcription factor involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Our data showed that hepatic YY1 expression levels were induced in mice during fasting conditions and in a state of insulin resistance. Overexpression of YY1 in livers augmented gluconeogenesis, raising fasting blood glucose levels in C57BL/6 mice, whereas liver-specific ablation of YY1 using adenoviral shRNA ameliorated hyperglycemia in wild-type and diabetic db/db mice. At the molecular level, we further demonstrated that the major mechanism of YY1 in the regulation of hepatic glucose production is to modulate the expression of glucocorticoid receptor. Therefore, our study uncovered for the first time that YY1 participates in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis, which implies that YY1 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for hyperglycemia in diabetes. PMID:23193188

  8. Design of 12-T Yin-Yang magnets operating in subcooled, superfluid helium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cornish, D.N.; Hoard, R.W.; Baldi, R.

    1981-01-01

    A conceptual design study of a large 12-T yin-yang pair of coils, typical of the plug coils envisioned for a tandem-mirror facility to follow MFTF, has been completed. Because of its larger size and field strength, the magnetic forces are much greater than those experienced on MFTF. The main purpose of this study, therefore, is to assess the feasibility of such a device, paying particular attention to mechanical stress and conductor strain. The conductor proposed operates at 15.6 kA and consists of a rectangular half-hard copper stabilizer with a Nb-Ti insert in the low-field regions and Nb 3 Sn in the high field. The coil is divided into four sections in the longitudinal direction, with steel substructure to limit the winding stress to an acceptable level. The conductor is cryostatically stabilized in superfluid He at 1.8K and 1.2 atm, with an operating heat flux of 0.8 W.cm -2

  9. Yin Yang 1 and Adipogenic Gene Network Expression in Longissimus Muscle of Beef Cattle in Response to Nutritional Management

    OpenAIRE

    Sonia J. Moisá; Daniel W. Shike; William T. Meteer; Duane Keisler; Dan B. Faulkner; Juan J. Loor

    2013-01-01

    Among 36 differentially-expressed genes during growth in longissimus muscle (LM) of Angus steers, Yin Yang 1 (YY1) had the most relationships with other genes including some associated with adipocyte differentiation. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of nutritional management on mRNA expression of YY1 along with its targets genes PPARG, GTF2B, KAT2B, IGFBP5 and STAT5B. Longissimus from Angus and Angus ? Simmental steers (7 total/treatment) on early weaning plus high-starch...

  10. A HYBRID SOLAR WIND MODEL OF THE CESE+HLL METHOD WITH A YIN-YANG OVERSET GRID AND AN AMR GRID

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feng Xueshang; Zhang Shaohua; Xiang Changqing; Yang Liping; Jiang Chaowei; Wu, S. T.

    2011-01-01

    A hybrid three-dimensional (3D) MHD model for solar wind study is proposed in the present paper with combined grid systems and solvers. The computational domain from the Sun to Earth space is decomposed into the near-Sun and off-Sun domains, which are respectively constructed with a Yin-Yang overset grid system and a Cartesian adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) grid system and coupled with a domain connection interface in the overlapping region between the near-Sun and off-Sun domains. The space-time conservation element and solution element method is used in the near-Sun domain, while the Harten-Lax-Leer method is employed in the off-Sun domain. The Yin-Yang overset grid can avoid well-known singularity and polar grid convergence problems and its body-fitting property helps achieve high-quality resolution near the solar surface. The block structured AMR Cartesian grid can automatically capture far-field plasma flow features, such as heliospheric current sheets and shock waves, and at the same time, it can save significant computational resources compared to the uniformly structured Cartesian grid. A numerical study of the solar wind structure for Carrington rotation 2069 shows that the newly developed hybrid MHD solar wind model successfully produces many realistic features of the background solar wind, in both the solar corona and interplanetary space, by comparisons with multiple solar and interplanetary observations.

  11. Scalable Production of the Silicon-Tin Yin-Yang Hybrid Structure with Graphene Coating for High Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jin, Yan; Tan, Yingling; Hu, Xiaozhen; Zhu, Bin; Zheng, Qinghui; Zhang, Zijiao; Zhu, Guoying; Yu, Qian; Jin, Zhong; Zhu, Jia

    2017-05-10

    Alloy anodes possessed of high theoretical capacity show great potential for next-generation advanced lithium-ion battery. Even though huge volume change during lithium insertion and extraction leads to severe problems, such as pulverization and an unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), various nanostructures including nanoparticles, nanowires, and porous networks can address related challenges to improve electrochemical performance. However, the complex and expensive fabrication process hinders the widespread application of nanostructured alloy anodes, which generate an urgent demand of low-cost and scalable processes to fabricate building blocks with fine controls of size, morphology, and porosity. Here, we demonstrate a scalable and low-cost process to produce a porous yin-yang hybrid composite anode with graphene coating through high energy ball-milling and selective chemical etching. With void space to buffer the expansion, the produced functional electrodes demonstrate stable cycling performance of 910 mAh g -1 over 600 cycles at a rate of 0.5C for Si-graphene "yin" particles and 750 mAh g -1 over 300 cycles at 0.2C for Sn-graphene "yang" particles. Therefore, we open up a new approach to fabricate alloy anode materials at low-cost, low-energy consumption, and large scale. This type of porous silicon or tin composite with graphene coating can also potentially play a significant role in thermoelectrics and optoelectronics applications.

  12. Biopsychological structure of Yin-Yang using Cloninger’s Temperament model and Carver and White’s BIS/BAS scale

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Soo Jin Lee

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Introduction. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological structure of Yin-Yang based on the Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ in relation to Carver and White’s Behavior Inhibition/Behavior Activation System (BIS/BAS Scale and Cloninger’s temperament model of the West. Methods. A total of 188 university students were classified as high (30%, middle (40%, and low (30% groups based on their SPQ score and their differences in Cloninger’s temperaments and BIS/BAS subscales were analyzed using analysis of covariance after controlling the sex. Correlation among SPQ, Cloninger’s four temperaments and BIS/BAS subscales was also examined. Results. Significant differences in BAS (F = 11.703, p < .001, Novelty-Seeking (F = 4.945, p < .01, and Harm-Avoidance (F = 10.912, p < .001 were observed between high and low SPQ score groups after controlling for sex. The SPQ showed significant correlation with BAS (r = 0.303, Novelty-Seeking (r = 0.225, and Harm-Avoidance (r = − 0.273. However, BIS showed no significant differences between SPQ groups, and did not show correlation with the SPQ. Discussion. The current study demonstrated that Yin-Yang has similarities with and disparities from the Western tradition and may be examined with objective instruments. We showed that the emotionality of the East which is defined as mobility of emotion, not emotional instability as traditionally defined in Western theories, is pivotal for understanding the nature of emotion in the East. Suggestions are made for cross-cultural psychobiological study of the East and West.

  13. A Chinese Decoction, Kuan-Sin-Yin, Improves Autonomic Function and Cancer-Related Symptoms of Metastatic Colon Cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chien, Tsai-Ju; Liu, Chia-Yu; Ko, Pin-Hao; Hsu, Chung-Hua

    2016-03-01

    Kuan-Sin-Yin (KSY) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction, which has been shown to have cytostatic effects on cancer cells and involved in the TCM theory of promoting yin-yang balance.Sonce many cancer patients suffer from autonomic dysfunction (AD), which correspond to yin-yang imbalance in TCM. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible effect of KSY in metastatic colon cancer (mCRC) patients with AD. We conducted a single-group experiment. Total 52 qualified patients were enrolled. Participants took the KSY daily for 2 weeks. The primary outcome was KSY efficacy as reflected in the heart rate variability (HRV) and electrical conductivity (µA) over 12 meridian points. Autonomic function was examined before and after the KSY intervention. The vagal and sympathetic tone were recorded by HRV; 12 meridian energies were measured using a meridian energy analysis device. Secondary outcomes were cancer-related symptoms and patient quality of life (QoL). The results showed that the KSY intervention improved AD via increasing the vagal tone (HF: P = .041), but not the sympathetic tone (LF: P = .154); total autonomic activity was significantly enhanced (HRV activity: P = .013). Intriguingly, energy increased more over the yin meridian (P = .010) than over the yang meridian (P = .015). Cancer-related symptoms and QoL were significantly improved (P yin-yang concept of energy. © The Author(s) 2015.

  14. Chiral-Yang-Mills theory, non commutative differential geometry, and the need for a Lie super-algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Thierry-Mieg, Jean

    2006-01-01

    In Yang-Mills theory, the charges of the left and right massless Fermions are independent of each other. We propose a new paradigm where we remove this freedom and densify the algebraic structure of Yang-Mills theory by integrating the scalar Higgs field into a new gauge-chiral 1-form which connects Fermions of opposite chiralities. Using the Bianchi identity, we prove that the corresponding covariant differential is associative if and only if we gauge a Lie-Kac super-algebra. In this model, spontaneous symmetry breakdown naturally occurs along an odd generator of the super-algebra and induces a representation of the Connes-Lott non commutative differential geometry of the 2-point finite space

  15. aihua yin

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Journal of Genetics. AIHUA YIN. Articles written in Journal of Genetics. Volume 96 Issue 4 September 2017 pp 687-693 RESEARCH NOTE. The association study of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate identified risk variants of the GLI3 gene in a Chinese population · YIRUI WANG YIMIN SUN ...

  16. A NEW HYBRID YIN-YANG-PAIR-PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM FOR UNCAPACITATED WAREHOUSE LOCATION PROBLEMS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. A. Heidari

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Yin-Yang-pair optimization (YYPO is one of the latest metaheuristic algorithms (MA proposed in 2015 that tries to inspire the philosophy of balance between conflicting concepts. Particle swarm optimizer (PSO is one of the first population-based MA inspired by social behaviors of birds. In spite of PSO, the YYPO is not a nature inspired optimizer. It has a low complexity and starts with only two initial positions and can produce more points with regard to the dimension of target problem. Due to unique advantages of these methodologies and to mitigate the immature convergence and local optima (LO stagnation problems in PSO, in this work, a continuous hybrid strategy based on the behaviors of PSO and YYPO is proposed to attain the suboptimal solutions of uncapacitated warehouse location (UWL problems. This efficient hierarchical PSO-based optimizer (PSOYPO can improve the effectiveness of PSO on spatial optimization tasks such as the family of UWL problems. The performance of the proposed PSOYPO is verified according to some UWL benchmark cases. These test cases have been used in several works to evaluate the efficacy of different MA. Then, the PSOYPO is compared to the standard PSO, genetic algorithm (GA, harmony search (HS, modified HS (OBCHS, and evolutionary simulated annealing (ESA. The experimental results demonstrate that the PSOYPO can reveal a better or competitive efficacy compared to the PSO and other MA.

  17. The Ethics of Clinical Care and the Ethics of Clinical Research: Yin and Yang.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kowalski, Charles J; Hutchinson, Raymond J; Mrdjenovich, Adam J

    2017-02-01

    The Belmont Report's distinction between research and the practice of accepted therapy has led various authors to suggest that these purportedly distinct activities should be governed by different ethical principles. We consider some of the ethical consequences of attempts to separate the two and conclude that separation fails along ontological, ethical, and epistemological dimensions. Clinical practice and clinical research, as with yin and yang, can be thought of as complementary forces interacting to form a dynamic system in which the whole exceeds the sum of its parts. Just as effective clinical practice cannot exist without clinical research, meaningful clinical research requires the context of clinical practice. We defend this thesis by triangulation, that is, by outlining how multiple investigators have reached this conclusion on the basis of varied theoretical and applied approaches. More confidence can be placed in a result if different methods/viewpoints have led to that result. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Inc. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  18. In Vivo Chromatin Targets of the Transcription Factor Yin Yang 2 in Trophoblast Stem Cells

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pérez-Palacios, Raquel; Macías-Redondo, Sofía; Climent, María; Contreras-Moreira, Bruno; Muniesa, Pedro; Schoorlemmer, Jon

    2016-01-01

    Background Yin Yang 2 (YY2) is a zinc finger protein closely related to the well-characterized Yin Yang 1 (YY1). YY1 is a DNA-binding transcription factor, with defined functions in multiple developmental processes, such as implantation, cell differentiation, X inactivation, imprinting and organogenesis. Yy2 has been treated as a largely immaterial duplication of Yy1, as they share high homology in the Zinc Finger-region and similar if not identical in vitro binding sites. In contrast to these similarities, gene expression alterations in HeLa cells with attenuated levels of either Yy1 or Yy2 were to some extent gene-specific. Moreover, the chromatin binding sites for YY2, except for its association with transposable retroviral elements (RE) and Endogenous Retroviral Elements (ERVs), remain to be identified. As a first step towards defining potential Yy2 functions matching or complementary to Yy1, we considered in vivo DNA binding sites of YY2 in trophoblast stem (TS) cells. Results We report the presence of YY2 protein in mouse-derived embryonic stem (ES) and TS cell lines. Following up on our previous report on ERV binding by YY2 in TS cells, we investigated the tissue-specificity of REX1 and YY2 binding and confirm binding to RE/ERV targets in both ES cells and TS cells. Because of the higher levels of expression, we chose TS cells to understand the role of Yy2 in gene and chromatin regulation. We used in vivo YY2 association as a measure to identify potential target genes. Sequencing of chromatin obtained in chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays carried out with αYY2 serum allowed us to identify a limited number of chromatin targets for YY2. Some putative binding sites were validated in regular ChIP assays and gene expression of genes nearby was altered in the absence of Yy2. Conclusions YY2 binding to ERVs is not confined to TS cells. In vivo binding sites share the presence of a consensus binding motif. Selected sites were uniquely bound by YY2 as

  19. The Yin and Yang aspects of IL-27 in induction of cancer-specific T-cell responses and immunotherapy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Ming-Song; Liu, Zhenzhen; Liu, Jin-Qing; Zhu, Xiaotong; Liu, Zhihao; Bai, Xue-Feng

    2015-01-01

    Accumulating evidences from animal studies have indicated that both endogenous and exogenous IL-27, an IL-12 family of cytokine, can increase antitumor T-cell activities and inhibit tumor growth. IL-27 can modulate Treg responses, and program effector T cells into a unique T-effector stem cell (TSEC) phenotype, which enhances T-cell survival in the tumor microenvironment. However, animal studies also suggest that IL-27 induces molecular pathways such as IL-10, PD-L1 and CD39, which may downregulate tumor-specific T-cell responses. In this review paper, we will discuss the Yin and Yang aspects of IL-27 in the induction of tumor-specific T-cell responses, and the potential impacts of these functions of IL-27 in the design of cancer immunotherapy.

  20. [Primary investigation on fumigation and moxibustion in treatment ulcer and sore of yin syndrome].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhu, Chao-Jun; Zhang, Zhao-Hui; Ma, Jing; Li, Pin-Chuan; Liu, Xian-Zhou; Yin, Yue; Tian, Ying

    2011-09-01

    To explore the fumigation and moxibustion therapy in treatment of ulcer and sore of yin syndrome. The fumigation and moxibustion therapy is the combination of fumigation and moxibustion, in which, smoking fumigation is provided with warming effect and the actions as moxibustion. This therapy works on the efficacy of both fumigation and moxibustion. In treatment, different herbal medicines can be selected flexibly, acting on dispersing yin and rescuing yang. The fumigation and moxibustion therapy can drain toxin and remove ulcer and sore. It contributes to the treatment of boils and chronic sores of yin syndrome and promotes wound healing.

  1. A 9 x 9 Matrix Representation of Birman-Wenzl-Murakami Algebra and Berry Phase in Yang-Baxter System

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gou Lidan; Xue Kang; Wang Gangcheng

    2011-01-01

    We present a 9 x 9 S-matrix and E-matrix. A representation of specialized Birman-Wenzl-Murakami algebra is obtained. Starting from the given braid group representation S-matrix, we obtain the trigonometric solution of Yang-Baxter equation. A unitary matrix R(x, φ 1 ,φ 2 ) is generated via the Yang-Baxterization approach. Then we construct a Yang-Baxter Hamiltonian through the unitary matrix R(x, φ 1 ,φ 2 ). Berry phase of this Yang-Baxter system is investigated in detail. (general)

  2. Two pairs of Lie algebras and the integrable couplings as well as the Hamiltonian structure of the Yang hierarchy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Yufeng; Guo Fukui

    2007-01-01

    Two types of Lie algebras, which are the subalgebras of the Lie algebra A 2 , A 3 respectively, are presented. The resulting loop algebras are following. As their applications, two different integrable couplings of the Yang hierarchy are obtained, called them the double integrable couplings. The Hamiltonian structure of one of them is worked out by a proper linear isomorphic transformation and the quadratic-form identity

  3. Strategi Mitigasi Risiko Aset Kritis Teknologi Informasi Menggunakan Metode Octave Dan FMEA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alvina Hendika Putri

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Pengelolaan risiko dengan baik sangat berpengaruh terhadap proses bisnis perusahaan. SMC RS Telogorejo merupakan salah satu rumah sakit yang memiliki banyak aset TI di dalamnya untuk menunjang proses bisnis utamanya. Permasalahan yang sering dialami adalah kerusakan yang terjadi pada aset TI akibat proses kontrol dan maintenance yang belum dilakukan secara rutin dan adanya serangan dari hacker. Kejadian tersebut mengakibatkan semua kegiatan operasional terganggu dan kadang terhenti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa saja aset TI yang ada di perusahaan, menganalisa risiko yang terjadi pada setiap aset TI dan mengetahui mitigasi apa saja yang perlu dilakukan apabila risiko tersebut terjadi pada aset TI. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Octave untuk mengelola risiko aset TI dan FMEA untuk melakukan penilaian terhadap masing-masing risiko, yang kemudian diranking berdasarkan prioritasnya. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam peneltian ini adalah 0 risiko very high, 0 risiko high, 0 risiko medium, 9 risiko low, 36 risiko very low. Walaupun hanya diperoleh risiko dengan level low dan very low, namun tetap dilakukan mitigasi guna perbaikan Sistem Manajemen Keamanan Informasi perusahaan.

  4. Role of heteroplasmic mutations in the mitochondrial genome and the ID4 gene promoter methylation region in the pathogenesis of chronic aplastic anemia in patients suffering from Kidney yin deficiency.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cui, Xing; Wang, Jing-Yi; Liu, Kui; Cui, Si-Yuan; Zhang, Jie; Luo, Ya-Qin; Wang, Xin

    2016-06-01

    To analyze changes in gene amplification in the mitochondrial genome and in the ID4 gene promoter methylation region in patients with chronic aplastic anemia (CAA) suffering from Kidney (Shen) yin deficiency or Kidney yang deficiency. Bone marrow and oral epithelium samples were collected from CAA patients with Kidney yin deficiency or Kidney yang deficiency (20 cases). Bone marrow samples were collected from 20 healthy volunteers. The mitochondrial genome was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and PCR products were used for sequencing and analysis. Higher mutational rates were observed in the ND1-2, ND4-6, and CYTB genes in CAA patients suffering from Kidney yin deficiency. Moreover, the ID4 gene was unmethylated in bone marrow samples from healthy individuals, but was methylated in some CAA patients suffering from Kidney yin deficiency (positive rate, 60%) and Kidney yang deficiency (positive rate, 55%). These data supported that gene mutations can alter the expression of respiratory chain enzyme complexes in CAA patients, resulting in energy metabolism impairment and promoting the physiological and pathological processes of hematopoietic failure. Functional impairment of the mitochondrial respiration chain induced by gene mutation may be an important reason for hematopoietic failure in patients with CAA. This change is closely related to maternal inheritance and Kidney yin deficiency. Finally, these data supported the assertion that it is easy to treat disease in patients suffering from yang deficiency and difficult to treat disease in patients suffering from yin deficiency.

  5. Perturbed Chern-Simons theory, fractional statistics, and Yang-Baxter algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chatterjee, A.; Sreedhar, V.V.

    1992-01-01

    Topological Chern-Simons theory coupled to matter fields is analysed in the framework of Dirac's method of quantising constrained systems in a general class of linear, non-local gauges. We show that in the weak coupling limit gauge invariant operators in the theory transform under an exchange according to a higher dimensional representation of the braid group which is built out of the fundamental representation matrices of the gauge group and thus behave like anyons. We also discover new solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation which emerges as a consistency condition on the structure functions of the operator algebra of the matter fields. (orig.)

  6. Maxima and Octave in Development of Online Applications: Service Based Approach

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katarina Zakova

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available The paper shows a way for fast development of interactive online applications that can be used in teaching process. It introduces the web service implemented in PHP programming language for two free computer algebra systems Maxima and Octave. It can be later used for building web applications that need to solve some mathematical tasks during their running. The example of such implementation is also shown.

  7. Yang-Baxter algebras of monodromy matrices in integrable quantum field theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vega, H.J. de; Maillet, J.M.; Eichenherr, H.

    1984-01-01

    We consider a large class of two-dimensional integrable quantum field theories with nonabelian internal symmetry and classical scale invariance. We present a general procedure to determine explicitly the conserved quantum monodromy operator generating infinitely many non-local charges. The main features of our methods are a factorization principle and the use of P, T, and internal symmetries. The monodromy operator is shown to satisfy a Yang-Baxter algebra, the structure constants (i.e. the quantum R-matrix) of which are determined by the two-particle S-matrix of the theory. We apply the method to the chiral SU(N) and the O(2N) Gross-Neveu models. (orig.)

  8. Chern-Simons theory, 2d Yang-Mills, and Lie algebra wanderers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Haro, Sebastian de

    2005-01-01

    We work out the relation between Chern-Simons, 2d Yang-Mills on the cylinder, and Brownian motion. We show that for the unitary, orthogonal and symplectic groups, various observables in Chern-Simons theory on S 3 and lens spaces are exactly given by counting the number of paths of a Brownian particle wandering in the fundamental Weyl chamber of the corresponding Lie algebra. We construct a fermionic formulation of Chern-Simons on S 3 which allows us to identify the Brownian particles as B-model branes moving on a noncommutative two-sphere, and construct 1- and 2-matrix models to compute Brownian motion ensemble averages

  9. Calcolo scientifico esercizi e problemi risolti con Matlab e Octave

    CERN Document Server

    Quarteroni, Alfio; Gervasio, Paola

    2017-01-01

    Questo testo è concepito per i corsi delle Facoltà di Ingegneria e di Scienze. Esso affronta tutti gli argomenti tipici della Matematica Numerica, spaziando dal problema di risolvere sistemi di equazioni lineari e non lineari a quello di approssimare una funzione, di calcolare i suoi minimi, le sue derivate ed il suo integrale definito fino alla risoluzione di equazioni differenziali ordinarie e alle derivate parziali con metodi alle differenze finite ed agli elementi finiti. Un capitolo iniziale conduce lo studente ad un rapido ripasso degli argomenti dell'Analisi Matematica e dell'Algebra Lineare di uso frequente nel volume e ad una introduzione ai linguaggi MATLAB e Octave. Al fine di rendere maggiormente incisiva la presentazione e fornire un riscontro quantitativo immediato alla teoria vengono implementati in linguaggio MATLAB e Octave tutti gli algoritmi che via via si introducono. Vengono inoltre proposti numerosi esercizi, tutti risolti per esteso, ed esempi, anche con riferimento ad applicazioni in...

  10. A Yin-Yang 1/miR-30a regulatory circuit modulates autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Chuang; Zhang, Jing-Jing; Peng, Yun-Peng; Zhu, Yi; Yin, Ling-Di; Wei, Ji-Shu; Gao, Wen-Tao; Jiang, Kui-Rong; Miao, Yi

    2017-10-19

    Autophagy is a highly regulated biological process that mediates the degradation of intracellular components. It is required for tumor cell metabolism and homeostasis. Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) has been reported to be involved in autophagy in several carcinomas. However, its role in autophagy in pancreatic cancer, one of the deadliest human malignancies, is unknown. Here, we investigated the function of YY1 in pancreatic cancer cells autophagy and its mechanisms of action. The activity of cells undergoing autophagy was assessed using transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. A luciferase activity assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were also used to identify putative downstream targets of YY1. YY1 was confirmed to regulate autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells. It was found to directly regulate the expression of miR-30a, a known modulator of autophagy-associated genes. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-30a attenuated the pro-autophagic effects of YY1. Cumulatively, our data suggest that miR-30a acts in a feedback loop to modulate the pro-autophagic activities of YY1. Thus, autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells may be regulated, in part, by a tightly coordinated YY1/miR-30a regulatory circuit. These findings provide a potential druggable target for the development of treatments for pancreatic cancer.

  11. Mengfan Yin

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Mengfan Yin. Articles written in Journal of Chemical Sciences. Volume 127 Issue 9 September 2015 pp 1531-1538. Heavy main-group iodometallates hybridized by alkali metal via 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione · Mengfan Yin Gengxing Cai Peng Wang Xihui Chao Jibo Liu Haohong Li Zhirong Chen · More Details Abstract ...

  12. Essential Matlab and Octave

    CERN Document Server

    Rogel-Salazar, Jesus

    2014-01-01

    ""This is an excellent book for anyone approaching MATLAB or Octave for the first time. The pleasant language used throughout creates the sensation of having the author by your side. … An interesting feature are the examples used to explain the use of functions and operations. … compared to similar texts on Octave and MATLAB, the author introduces at an early stage how to produce line and surface plots with MATLAB and Octave. It is very attractive to students to be able to quickly produce plots with scientific journal quality. … The margin notes are great as they can also work as virtual bookm

  13. A connection between the Einstein and Yang-Mills equations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mason, L.J.; Newman, E.T.

    1989-01-01

    It is our purpose here to show an unusual relationship between the Einstein equations and the Yang-Mills equations. We give a correspondence between solutions of the self-dual Einstein vacuum equations and the self-dual Yang-Mills equations with a special choice of gauge group. The extension of the argument to the full Yang-Mills equations yields Einstein's unified equations. We try to incorporate the full Einstein vacuum equations, but the approach is incomplete. We first consider Yang-Mills theory for an arbitrary Lie-algebra with the condition that the connection 1-form and curvature are constant on Minkowski space. This leads to a set of algebraic equations on the connection components. We then specialize the Lie-algebra to be the (infinite dimensional) Lie algebra of a group of diffeomorphisms of some manifold. The algebraic equations then become differential equations for four vector fields on the manifold on which the diffeomorphisms act. In the self-dual case, if we choose the connection components from the Lie-algebra of the volume preserving 4-dimensional diffeomorphism group, the resulting equations are the same as those obtained by Ashtekar, Jacobsen and Smolin, in their remarkable simplification of the self-dual Einstein vacuum equations. (An alternative derivation of the same equations begins with the self-dual Yang-Mills connection now depending only on the time, then choosing the Lie-algebra as that of the volume preserving 3-dimensional diffeomorphisms). When the reduced full Yang-Mills equations are used in the same context, we get Einstein's equations for his unified theory based on absolute parallelism. To incorporate the full Einstein vacuum equations we use as the Lie group the semi-direct product of the diffeomorphism group of a 4-dimensional manifold with the group of frame rotations of an SO(1, 3) bundle over the 4-manifold. This last approach, however, yields equations more general than the vacuum equations. (orig.)

  14. Algebras in genetics

    CERN Document Server

    Wörz-Busekros, Angelika

    1980-01-01

    The purpose of these notes is to give a rather complete presentation of the mathematical theory of algebras in genetics and to discuss in detail many applications to concrete genetic situations. Historically, the subject has its origin in several papers of Etherington in 1939- 1941. Fundamental contributions have been given by Schafer, Gonshor, Holgate, Reiers¢l, Heuch, and Abraham. At the moment there exist about forty papers in this field, one survey article by Monique Bertrand from 1966 based on four papers of Etherington, a paper by Schafer and Gonshor's first paper. Furthermore Ballonoff in the third section of his book "Genetics and Social Structure" has included four papers by Etherington and Reiers¢l's paper. Apparently a complete review, in par­ ticular one comprising more recent results was lacking, and it was difficult for students to enter this field of research. I started to write these notes in spring 1978. A first german version was finished at the end of that year. Further revision and tran...

  15. c-Abl phosphorylation of Yin Yang 1's conserved tyrosine 254 in the spacer region modulates its transcriptional activity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Daraiseh, Susan I; Kassardjian, Ari; Alexander, Karen E; Rizkallah, Raed; Hurt, Myra M

    2018-05-25

    Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional transcription factor that can activate or repress transcription depending on the promotor and/or the co-factors recruited. YY1 is phosphorylated in various signaling pathways and is critical for different biological functions including embryogenesis, apoptosis, proliferation, cell-cycle regulation and tumorigenesis. Here we report that YY1 is a substrate for c-Abl kinase phosphorylation at conserved residue Y254 in the spacer region. Pharmacological inhibition of c-Abl kinase by imatinib, nilotinib and GZD824, knock-down of c-Abl using siRNA, and the use of c-Abl kinase-dead drastically reduces tyrosine phosphorylation of YY1. Both radioactive and non-radioactive in vitro kinase assays, as well as co-immunoprecipitation in different cell lines, show that the target of c-Abl phosphorylation is tyrosine residue 254. c-Abl phosphorylation has little effect on YY1 DNA binding ability or cellular localization in asynchronous cells. However, functional studies reveal that c-Abl mediated phosphorylation of YY1 regulates YY1's transcriptional ability in vivo. In conclusion, we demonstrate the novel role of c-Abl kinase in regulation of YY1's transcriptional activity, linking YY1 regulation with c-Abl tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  16. Simulation of ODE/PDE models with MATLAB, OCTAVE and SCILAB scientific and engineering applications

    CERN Document Server

    Vande Wouwer, Alain; Vilas, Carlos

    2014-01-01

    Simulation of ODE/PDE Models with MATLAB®, OCTAVE and SCILAB shows the reader how to exploit a fuller array of numerical methods for the analysis of complex scientific and engineering systems than is conventionally employed. The book is dedicated to numerical simulation of distributed parameter systems described by mixed systems of algebraic equations, ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs). Special attention is paid to the numerical method of lines (MOL), a popular approach to the solution of time-dependent PDEs, which proceeds in two basic steps: spatial discretization and time integration. Besides conventional finite-difference and -element techniques, more advanced spatial-approximation methods are examined in some detail, including nonoscillatory schemes and adaptive-grid approaches. A MOL toolbox has been developed within MATLAB®/OCTAVE/SCILAB. In addition to a set of spatial approximations and time integrators, this toolbox includes a collection of applicatio...

  17. JIU-REN YIN

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Bulletin of Materials Science. JIU-REN YIN. Articles written in Bulletin of Materials Science. Volume 40 Issue 6 October 2017 pp 1255-1261. Molecular dynamics study on the relaxation properties of bilayered graphene with defects · WEI ZHANG JIU-REN YIN PING ZHANG YAN-HUAI DING YONG J IANG.

  18. The bubble algebra: structure of a two-colour Temperley-Lieb Algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grimm, Uwe; Martin, Paul P

    2003-01-01

    We define new diagram algebras providing a sequence of multiparameter generalizations of the Temperley-Lieb algebra, suitable for the modelling of dilute lattice systems of two-dimensional statistical mechanics. These algebras give a rigorous foundation to the various 'multi-colour algebras' of Grimm, Pearce and others. We determine the generic representation theory of the simplest of these algebras, and locate the nongeneric cases (at roots of unity of the corresponding parameters). We show by this example how the method used (Martin's general procedure for diagram algebras) may be applied to a wide variety of such algebras occurring in statistical mechanics. We demonstrate how these algebras may be used to solve the Yang-Baxter equations

  19. The Unitality of Quantum B-algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Han, Shengwei; Xu, Xiaoting; Qin, Feng

    2018-02-01

    Quantum B-algebras as a generalization of quantales were introduced by Rump and Yang, which cover the majority of implicational algebras and provide a unified semantic for a wide class of substructural logics. Unital quantum B-algebras play an important role in the classification of implicational algebras. The main purpose of this paper is to construct unital quantum B-algebras from non-unital quantum B-algebras.

  20. MicroRNA-215 suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion of colon cancer by repressing Yin-Yang 1

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, Zehong; Han, Siqi; Huang, Wensheng; Wu, Jialin; Liu, Yuyi; Cai, Shirong; He, Yulong; Wu, Suijing; Song, Wu

    2016-01-01

    Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide with rising incidence. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that implicate in multiple physiological or pathological processes. The aberrant expression of miRNA-215 (miR-215) has been illustrated in various types of cancers. However, the expression of miR-215 in human colon cancer and the biological roles of it remain largely unknown. We conducted this study to explore the expression and the function of miR-215 in human colon cancer. The results showed that miR-215 was remarkably downregulated in colon cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-215 by miR-215 mimic significantly inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion while knockdown of miR-215 by miR-215 inhibitor exerted reverse effects. Furthermore, we newly identified Yin-Yang 1(YY1) as a direct target of miR-215 which could rescue the effects of miR-215 on colon cancer cells. In summary, our investigation revealed that miR-215 was downregulated in colon cancer and it suppressed colon cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by directly targeting YY1. - Highlights: • MiR-215 expression was decreased in colon cancer tissues and cell lines. • Mir-215 inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. • MiR-215 targeted YY1 directly. • The effects of miR-215 on colon cancer cells were mediated by YY1.

  1. Global symmetries of Yang-Mills squared in various dimensions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Anastasiou, A. [Theoretical Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London,London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom); Borsten, L. [Theoretical Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London,London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom); School of Theoretical Physics, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies,10 Burlington Road, Dublin 4 (Ireland); Hughes, M.J. [Theoretical Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London,London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom); Nagy, S. [Theoretical Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London,London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom); Department of Mathematics, Instituto Superior Técnico,Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon (Portugal)

    2016-01-25

    Tensoring two on-shell super Yang-Mills multiplets in dimensions D≤10 yields an on-shell supergravity multiplet, possibly with additional matter multiplets. Associating a (direct sum of) division algebra(s) D with each dimension 3≤D≤10 we obtain a formula for the supergravity U-duality G and its maximal compact subgroup H in terms of the internal global symmetry algebras of each super Yang-Mills theory. We extend our analysis to include supergravities coupled to an arbitrary number of matter multiplets by allowing for non-supersymmetric multiplets in the tensor product.

  2. Protective effect of Yin Shen Yin on chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood in dogs induced by γ-ray irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhu Bingchai; Chen Tiehe; Lu Jiaben; Wang Zongwu; Huang Yinmei

    1992-01-01

    'Yin Shen Yin' preparation used in this studies is made up of Tremella Fcuiformis, Radix Acanthopanacis Senticosi and others. The drug was taken orally to dogs before irradiation, and the same time, its anti-radiation effect was compared with those of Tremella Fuciformis and cystamine. The results showed that 'Yin Shen Yin', Tremella and cystamine all have not obvious harmful effects on chromosome, however, they have good protective effects on chromosome damage induced by γ-ray irradiation. Among them, high dose 'Yin Shen Yin' has the best radio-protective effect

  3. A novel role of Yin-Yang-1 in pulmonary tuberculosis through the regulation of the chemokine CCL4.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rangel-Santiago, Jesus F; Baay-Guzman, Guillermina J; Duran-Padilla, Marco A; Lopez-Bochm, Karla A; Garcia-Romero, Beatriz L; Hernandez-Cueto, Daniel D; Pantoja-Escobar, Gerardo; Vega, Mario I; Hernandez-Pando, Rogelio; Huerta-Yepez, Sara

    2016-01-01

    Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is the etiological agent of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB); this disease remains a worldwide health problem. Yin-Yang-1 (YY1) plays a major role in the maintenance and progression of some pulmonary diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. However, the role of YY1 in TB remains unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of YY1 in the regulation of CCL4 and its implication in TB. We determined whether YY1 regulates CCL4 using reporter plasmids, ChIP and siRNA assays. Immunohistochemistry and digital pathology were used to measure the expression of YY1 and CCL4 in a mouse model of TB. A retrospective comparison of patients with TB and control subjects was used to measure the expression of YY1 and CCL4 using tissue microarrays. Our results showed that YY1 regulates the transcription of CCL4; moreover, YY1, CCL4 and TGF-β were overexpressed in the lung tissues of mice with TB during the late stages of the disease and the tissues of TB patients. The expression of CCL4 and TGF-β correlated with YY1 expression. In conclusion, YY1 regulates CCL4 transcription; moreover, YY1 is overexpressed in experimental and human TB and is positively correlated with CCL4 and TGF-β expression. Therefore, treatments that decrease YY1 expression may be a new therapeutic strategy against TB. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation: Descendants of the six-vertex model from the Drinfeld doubles of dihedral group algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Finch, P.E.; Dancer, K.A.; Isaac, P.S.; Links, J.

    2011-01-01

    The representation theory of the Drinfeld doubles of dihedral groups is used to solve the Yang-Baxter equation. Use of the two-dimensional representations recovers the six-vertex model solution. Solutions in arbitrary dimensions, which are viewed as descendants of the six-vertex model case, are then obtained using tensor product graph methods which were originally formulated for quantum algebras. Connections with the Fateev-Zamolodchikov model are discussed.

  5. Revised Huang-Yang multipolar pseudopotential

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Derevianko, Andrei

    2005-01-01

    A number of authors have recently pointed out inconsistencies of results obtained with the Huang-Yang multipolar pseudopotential for low-energy scattering [K. Huang and K. C. Yang, Phys. Rev. 105, 767 (1957); later revised by Huang, Statistical Mechanics (Wiley, New York, 1963)]. The conceptual validity of their original derivation has been questioned. Here I show that these inconsistencies are rather due to an algebraic mistake made by Huang and Yang. With the corrected error, I present the revised version of the multipolar pseudopotential

  6. Analogy between spin glasses and Yang--Mills fluids

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Holm, D.D.; Kupershmidt, B.A.

    1988-01-01

    A dictionary of correspondence is established between the dynamical variables for spin-glass fluid and Yang-Mills plasma. The Lie-algebraic interpretation of these variables is presented for the two theories. The noncanonical Poisson bracket for the Hamiltonian dynamics of an ideal spin glass is shown to be identical to that for the dynamics of a Yang--Mills fluid plasma, although the Hamiltonians differ for the two theories. This Poisson bracket is associated to the dual space of an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra of semidirect-product type

  7. Yin yang 1 and adipogenic gene network expression in longissimus muscle of beef cattle in response to nutritional management.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moisá, Sonia J; Shike, Daniel W; Meteer, William T; Keisler, Duane; Faulkner, Dan B; Loor, Juan J

    2013-01-01

    Among 36 differentially-expressed genes during growth in longissimus muscle (LM) of Angus steers, Yin Yang 1 (YY1) had the most relationships with other genes including some associated with adipocyte differentiation. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of nutritional management on mRNA expression of YY1 along with its targets genes PPARG, GTF2B, KAT2B, IGFBP5 and STAT5B. Longissimus from Angus and Angus × Simmental steers (7 total/treatment) on early weaning plus high-starch (EWS), normal weaning plus starch creep feeding (NWS), or normal weaning without starch creep feeding (NWN) was biopsied at 0, 96, and 240 days on treatments. Results suggest that YY1 does not exert control of adipogenesis in LM, and its expression is not sensitive to weaning age. Among the YY1-related genes, EWS led to greater IGFBP5 during growing and finishing phases. Pro-adipogenic transcriptional regulation was detected in EWS due to greater PPARG and VDR at 96 and 240 d vs. 0 d. GTF2B and KAT2B expression was lower in response to NWS and EWS than NWN, and was most pronounced at 240 d. The increase in PPARG and GTF2B expression between 96 and 240 d underscored the existence of a molecular programming mechanism that was sensitive to age and dietary starch. Such response partly explains the greater carcass fat deposition observed in response to NWS.

  8. Drinfeld currents of dynamical elliptic algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hou Boyu; Fan Heng; Yang Wenli; Cao Junpeng

    2000-01-01

    From the generalized Yang-Baxter relations RLL=LLR*, where R and R* are the dynamical R-matrix of A n-1 (1) type face model with the elliptic module shifted by the center of the algebra, using the Ding-Frenkel correspondence, the authors obtain the Drinfeld currents of dynamical elliptic algebra

  9. Some Evolution Hierarchies Derived from Self-dual Yang-Mills Equations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Yufeng; Hon, Y.C.

    2011-01-01

    We develop in this paper a new method to construct two explicit Lie algebras E and F. By using a loop algebra Ē of the Lie algebra E and the reduced self-dual Yang-Mills equations, we obtain an expanding integrable model of the Giachetti-Johnson (GJ) hierarchy whose Hamiltonian structure can also be derived by using the trace identity. This provides a much simpler construction method in comparing with the tedious variational identity approach. Furthermore, the nonlinear integrable coupling of the GJ hierarchy is readily obtained by introducing the Lie algebra g N . As an application, we apply the loop algebra E-tilde of the Lie algebra E to obtain a kind of expanding integrable model of the Kaup-Newell (KN) hierarchy which, consisting of two arbitrary parameters α and β, can be reduced to two nonlinear evolution equations. In addition, we use a loop algebra F of the Lie algebra F to obtain an expanding integrable model of the BT hierarchy whose Hamiltonian structure is the same as using the trace identity. Finally, we deduce five integrable systems in R 3 based on the self-dual Yang-Mills equations, which include Poisson structures, irregular lines, and the reduced equations. (general)

  10. Diffeomorphism-type symmetries of the self-dual Yang-Mills equations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ivanova, T.A.

    1998-01-01

    The infinite-dimensional algebra of diffeomorphism-type symmetries of the self-dual Yang-Mills equations is described as the algebra of 0-cochains with values in a sheaf of germs of holomorphic sections of the (1,0) tangent bundle over the twistor space. It is shown that the extended conformal symmetries are obtained as particular cases of the aforementioned algebra

  11. Implementation Octave-S and Iso 27001controls in Risk Management Information Systems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stephanus Stephanus

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Extensive use of information technology in companies put IT into a position which is of considerable concern, especially in large companies that put IT becomes a strategic part of the company. The importance of IT division, make the companies willing to pay big to get the benefits offered by IT itself, but on the other hand appears disappointment incurred from investments are not comparable with the results obtained. Until the threat appear and disrupt the business of the company. By doing risk management using the OCTAVE-S, particularly in smaller companies, can help companies to be growing, the company can find out the weaknesses and threats that may arise that could disrupt the company's business, helped by the standard controls that are owned by the ISO / EIC 27001 : 2005 helps companies to prepare implement ISO / EIC 27001:2005 later.

  12. Homotopy Lie superalgebra in Yang-Mills theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zeitlin, Anton M.

    2007-01-01

    The Yang-Mills equations are formulated in the form of generalized Maurer-Cartan equations, such that the corresponding algebraic operations are shown to satisfy the defining relations of homotopy Lie superalgebra

  13. BioSig - An application of Octave

    OpenAIRE

    Schlögl, Alois

    2006-01-01

    BioSig is an open source software library for biomedical signal processing. Most users in the field are using Matlab; however, significant effort was undertaken to provide compatibility to Octave, too. This effort has been widely successful, only some non-critical components relying on a graphical user interface are missing. Now, installing BioSig on Octave is as easy as on Matlab. Moreover, a benchmark test based on BioSig has been developed and the benchmark results of several platforms are...

  14. Hecke algebraic properties of dynamical R-matrices. Application to related quantum matrix algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khadzhiivanov, L.K.; Todorov, I.T.; Isaev, A.P.; Pyatov, P.N.; Ogievetskij, O.V.

    1998-01-01

    The quantum dynamical Yang-Baxter (or Gervais-Neveu-Felder) equation defines an R-matrix R cap (p), where p stands for a set of mutually commuting variables. A family of SL (n)-type solutions of this equation provides a new realization of the Hecke algebra. We define quantum antisymmetrizers, introduce the notion of quantum determinant and compute the inverse quantum matrix for matrix algebras of the type R cap (p) a 1 a 2 = a 1 a 2 R cap. It is pointed out that such a quantum matrix algebra arises in the operator realization of the chiral zero modes of the WZNW model

  15. Genetic hotels for the standard genetic code: evolutionary analysis based upon novel three-dimensional algebraic models.

    Science.gov (United States)

    José, Marco V; Morgado, Eberto R; Govezensky, Tzipe

    2011-07-01

    Herein, we rigorously develop novel 3-dimensional algebraic models called Genetic Hotels of the Standard Genetic Code (SGC). We start by considering the primeval RNA genetic code which consists of the 16 codons of type RNY (purine-any base-pyrimidine). Using simple algebraic operations, we show how the RNA code could have evolved toward the current SGC via two different intermediate evolutionary stages called Extended RNA code type I and II. By rotations or translations of the subset RNY, we arrive at the SGC via the former (type I) or via the latter (type II), respectively. Biologically, the Extended RNA code type I, consists of all codons of the type RNY plus codons obtained by considering the RNA code but in the second (NYR type) and third (YRN type) reading frames. The Extended RNA code type II, comprises all codons of the type RNY plus codons that arise from transversions of the RNA code in the first (YNY type) and third (RNR) nucleotide bases. Since the dimensions of remarkable subsets of the Genetic Hotels are not necessarily integer numbers, we also introduce the concept of algebraic fractal dimension. A general decoding function which maps each codon to its corresponding amino acid or the stop signals is also derived. The Phenotypic Hotel of amino acids is also illustrated. The proposed evolutionary paths are discussed in terms of the existing theories of the evolution of the SGC. The adoption of 3-dimensional models of the Genetic and Phenotypic Hotels will facilitate the understanding of the biological properties of the SGC.

  16. Genetic diversity and population structure of Chinese honeybees ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    user

    2011-02-28

    Feb 28, 2011 ... honeybees (Apis cerana) under microsatellite markers. Ting Ji, Ling Yin and ... from Apis mellifera introduced into China since 1896 (Yang, 2005). With the ..... Commercial and Feral Honey Bees in Western Australia. J. Econ.

  17. Therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese medicine, "Kuan-Sin-Yin", in patients undergoing chemotherapy for advanced colon cancer - A controlled trial.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chien, Tsai-Ju; Liu, Chia-Yu; Lu, Ruey-Hwa; Kuo, Chin-Wei; Lin, Yang-Chao; Hsu, Chung-Hua

    2016-12-01

    Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used increasingly as complementary medicine in cancer care. Kuan-Sin-Yin (KSY) is a TCM decoction containing seven herbs known to cause immunomodulation or anticancer activity, and which are associated with the TCM concept of Qi and energy supply. Kuan-Sin-Yin has cytostatic effects on cancer cells in animal models. The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of improvement in meridian energy and heart-rate variability (HRV) and to assess whether these observations are compatible with TCM theory. A non-randomized controlled trial was designed with monitoring of the meridian electro-conductivity and heart-rate variability (HRV) to compare the efficacy of Kuan-Sin-Yin in the control and experimental groups. 52 patients were enrolled in this study. We also measured cancer-related symptoms and quality of life as secondary outcomes. We found that colon cancer patients who received KSY as complementary therapy benefitted with enhancement of meridian energy (Yin meridian: 27.90:35.45μA; p=0.014; Yang meridian: 27.09:33.55μA; p=0.024) and increases in HRV activity (78.40:129.04ms; SDNN: p=0.001) and parasympathetic tone(HF:1644.80:3217.92 ms 2 ; p=0.003; RMMSD:99.76:164.52ms; p=0.002). Cancer-related symptoms decreased (ECOG>1:46.2:7.7%; p=0.0001), and quality of life (KSY group: PCS 35.46:42.12, p=0.0001; MCS: 44.50:47.55, p=0.209) was improved with statistical significance. The correlation of positive results reflected in meridian energy and HRV activity confirms the positive role of complementary medicine of Kuan-Sin-Yin in cancer care. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. "Yin and Yang" tuned fluorescence sensing behavior of branched 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Xiaohuan; Qi, Yanyu; Liu, Huijing; Peng, Junxia; Liu, Kaiqiang; Fang, Yu

    2014-11-26

    Achieving high sensing performance and good photostability of fluorescent films based on adlayer construction represents a significant challenge in the area of functional fluorescent film research. A solution may be offered by "Yin and Yang", a balance idea from Chinese philosophy, for the design of a fluorophore and the relevant assembly. Accordingly, a 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene (BPEB) derivative (C2) with two cholesteryl residues in the side chains and two glucono units in the head and tail positions was designed and synthesized. As a control, compound C1 was also prepared. The only difference between C1 and C2 is that the hydroxyl groups in the glucono residues of C1 are fully acetylated. Studies of the fluorescence behaviors of the two compounds in solution revealed that both the profile and the intensity of the fluorescence emission of the compounds, in particular C2, are dependent on their concentration and on the nature of solvents employed. Presence of HCl also alters the emission of the compounds in solution. On the basis of the studies, three fluorescent films were prepared, and their sensing performances to HCl in vapor state were studied. Specifically, Film 1 and Film 3 were fabricated via physical coating, separately, of C2 and C1 on glass plate surfaces. As another comparison, Film 2 was also fabricated with C2 as a fluorophore but at a much lower concentration if compared to that for the preparation of Film 1. As revealed by SEM and fluorescent microscopy studies, Film 1 and Film 2 exhibit well-defined microstructures, which are spherical particles and spherical pores, respectively, while Film 3 is characterized by irregular aggregates of C1. Fluorescence measurements demonstrated that Film 1 and Film 3 both display an aggregation emission, of which the emission from Film 1 is supersensitive to the presence of HCl vapor (detection limit: 0.4 ppb, a lowest value reported in the literatures). For Film 3, however, its emission is insensitive to the

  19. The ABCDEFG of instantons and W-algebras

    OpenAIRE

    Keller, Christoph A.; Mekareeya, Noppadol; Song, Jaewon; Tachikawa, Yuji

    2012-01-01

    For arbitrary gauge groups, we check at the one-instanton level that the Nekrasov partition function of pure N = 2 super Yang-Mills is equal to the norm of a certain coherent state of the corresponding W-algebra. For non-simply-laced gauge groups, we confirm in particular that the coherent state is in the twisted sector of a simply-laced W-algebra.

  20. The ABCDEFG of instantons and W-algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Keller, Christoph A.; Mekareeya, Noppadol; Song, Jaewon; Tachikawa, Yuji

    2012-03-01

    For arbitrary gauge groups, we check at the one-instanton level that the Nekrasov partition function of pure mathcal{N} = {2} super Yang-Mills is equal to the norm of a certain coherent state of the corresponding W-algebra. For non-simply-laced gauge groups, we confirm in particular that the coherent state is in the twisted sector of a simply-laced W-algebra.

  1. Suitability of Yin Yang 1 transcript and protein levels for biomarker studies in B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arribas Arranz, Jéssica; Winter, Dalia Nilufar; Drexler, Hans Günter; Eberth, Sonja

    2018-01-01

    Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a transcription factor that plays an important role during all stages of B cell differentiation. Several studies reported upregulation of YY1 in B cell derived lymphoma, indicating that it might act as an oncogene. Furthermore, aberrant YY1 expression has been associated with survival in some entities of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), suggesting that YY1 could be a valuable biomarker in B-NHL. However, studies are controversial and methodologically disparate, partially because some studies are based on transcript levels while others rely on YY1 protein data. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the dependence of YY1 protein levels on YY1 transcription. A panel of human cell lines representing different B-NHL subtypes was used to test for the correlation of YY1 mRNA and protein levels which were determined by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. To analyze YY1 mRNA and YY1 protein stability cells were treated with actinomycin-D and cycloheximide, respectively. siRNAs were transfected to knockdown YY1 . Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed with data from published patient cohorts. Pearson's correlation analyses were assessed and statistical power was examined by Student's t-test. In the analyzed panel of B-NHL cell lines YY1 transcript levels do not correlate with their cellular protein amounts. YY1 protein levels were unaffected by transient block of transcription or by targeting YY1 mRNA using siRNA. Additionally, global inhibition of translation up to 48 h did not alter protein levels of YY1, indicating that YY1 is a highly stable protein in B-NHL. Furthermore, in a retrospective analysis of two different B-NHL cohorts, YY1 transcript levels had no impact on patients' survival probabilities. Our results point out the necessity to focus on YY1 protein expression to understand the potential role of YY1 as an oncogene and to unravel its suitability as clinical biomarker in B-NHL.

  2. On maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Movshev, M.; Schwarz, A.

    2004-01-01

    We consider ten-dimensional supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory (10D SUSY YM theory) and its dimensional reductions, in particular, BFSS and IKKT models. We formulate these theories using algebraic techniques based on application of differential graded Lie algebras and associative algebras as well as of more general objects, L ∞ - and A ∞ -algebras. We show that using pure spinor formulation of 10D SUSY YM theory equations of motion and isotwistor formalism one can interpret these equations as Maurer-Cartan equations for some differential Lie algebra. This statement can be used to write BV action functional of 10D SUSY YM theory in Chern-Simons form. The differential Lie algebra we constructed is closely related to differential associative algebra (Ω,∂) of (0,k)-forms on some supermanifold; the Lie algebra is tensor product of (Ω,) and matrix algebra. We construct several other algebras that are quasiisomorphic to (Ω,∂) and, therefore, also can be used to give BV formulation of 10D SUSY YM theory and its reductions. In particular, (Ω,∂) is quasiisomorphic to the algebra (B,d), constructed by Berkovits. The algebras (Ω 0 ,∂) and (B 0 ,d) obtained from (Ω,∂) and (B,d) by means of reduction to a point can be used to give a BV-formulation of IKKT model. We introduce associative algebra SYM as algebra where relations are defined as equations of motion of IKKT model and show that Koszul dual to the algebra (B 0 ,d) is quasiisomorphic to SYM

  3. Is "Yin-Yang Balancing" Superior to Ambidexterity as an Approach to Paradox Management?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Li, Xin

    2018-01-01

    ) of the Confucian principle of Zhong-Yong that is largely compatible with Aristotle’s doctrine of the mean. Second, at the practical level, his BYin-Yang balancing^ solution, while being different from the structural ambidexterity approach, is compatible with the contextual ambidexterity approach. These first two...

  4. Genetic coding and united-hypercomplex systems in the models of algebraic biology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Petoukhov, Sergey V

    2017-08-01

    Structured alphabets of DNA and RNA in their matrix form of representations are connected with Walsh functions and a new type of systems of multidimensional numbers. This type generalizes systems of complex numbers and hypercomplex numbers, which serve as the basis of mathematical natural sciences and many technologies. The new systems of multi-dimensional numbers have interesting mathematical properties and are called in a general case as "systems of united-hypercomplex numbers" (or briefly "U-hypercomplex numbers"). They can be widely used in models of multi-parametrical systems in the field of algebraic biology, artificial life, devices of biological inspired artificial intelligence, etc. In particular, an application of U-hypercomplex numbers reveals hidden properties of genetic alphabets under cyclic permutations in their doublets and triplets. A special attention is devoted to the author's hypothesis about a multi-linguistic in DNA-sequences in a relation with an ensemble of U-numerical sub-alphabets. Genetic multi-linguistic is considered as an important factor to provide noise-immunity properties of the multi-channel genetic coding. Our results attest to the conformity of the algebraic properties of the U-numerical systems with phenomenological properties of the DNA-alphabets and with the complementary device of the double DNA-helix. It seems that in the modeling field of algebraic biology the genetic-informational organization of living bodies can be considered as a set of united-hypercomplex numbers in some association with the famous slogan of Pythagoras "the numbers rule the world". Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. A taxonomic revision of the genus Sinotrisus Yin & Li (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yin, Zi-Wei; Nomura, Shûhei; Li, Li-Zhen

    2012-01-01

    The genus Sinotrisus Yin & Li, comprising four species, is redefined and revised. Members of Sinotrisus are often found with ants of the subfamily Formicinae, or in humid forest habitats. The type speciesand three new species are (re-)described and illustrated: Sinotrisus kishimotoi Yin & Nomura, sp. n. (China: Sichuan), Sinotrisus nomurai Yin, Li & Zhao (type species) (China: Zhejing), Sinotrisus sinensis Yin & Nomura, sp. n. (China: Sichuan) and Sinotrisus vietnamensis Yin & Nomura, sp. n. (Vietnam: Lai Chau). A key is included as an aid to distinguishing these species.

  6. Pharmacogenomics and the Yin/Yang actions of ginseng: anti-tumor, angiomodulating and steroid-like activities of ginsenosides

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yeung Hin

    2007-05-01

    Full Text Available Abstract In Chinese medicine, ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has long been used as a general tonic or an adaptogen to promote longevity and enhance bodily functions. It has also been claimed to be effective in combating stress, fatigue, oxidants, cancer and diabetes mellitus. Most of the pharmacological actions of ginseng are attributed to one type of its constituents, namely the ginsenosides. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the study of ginsenosides on angiogenesis which is related to many pathological conditions including tumor progression and cardiovascular dysfunctions. Angiogenesis in the human body is regulated by two sets of counteracting factors, angiogenic stimulators and inhibitors. The 'Yin and Yang' action of ginseng on angiomodulation was paralleled by the experimental data showing angiogenesis was indeed related to the compositional ratio between ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1. Rg1 was later found to stimulate angiogenesis through augmenting the production of nitric oxide (NO and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF. Mechanistic studies revealed that such responses were mediated through the PI3K→Akt pathway. By means of DNA microarray, a group of genes related to cell adhesion, migration and cytoskeleton were found to be up-regulated in endothelial cells. These gene products may interact in a hierarchical cascade pattern to modulate cell architectural dynamics which is concomitant to the observed phenomena in angiogenesis. By contrast, the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects of ginsenosides (e.g. Rg3 and Rh2 have been demonstrated in various models of tumor and endothelial cells, indicating that ginsenosides with opposing activities are present in ginseng. Ginsenosides and Panax ginseng extracts have been shown to exert protective effects on vascular dysfunctions, such as hypertension, atherosclerotic disorders and ischemic injury. Recent work has demonstrates the target molecules of ginsenosides to be a

  7. BRST cohomology of N = 2 super-Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tanzini, A.; Ventura, O.S.; Vilar, L.C.Q.; Sorella, S.P.

    2000-01-01

    The BRST cohomology of the N = 2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions is discussed by making use of the twisted version of the N = 2 algebra. By the introduction of a set of suitable constant ghosts associated with the generators of N = 2, the quantization of the model can be done by taking into account both gauge invariance and supersymmetry. In particular, we show how the twisted N = 2 algebra can be used to obtain in a straightforward way the relevant cohomology classes. Moreover, we shall be able to establish a very useful relationship between the local gauge-invariant polynomial tr φ 2 and the complete N = 2 Yang-Mills action. This important relation can be considered as the first step towards a fully algebraic proof of the one-loop exactness of the N = 2 β-function.

  8. Introduction to quantized LIE groups and algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tjin, T.

    1992-01-01

    In this paper, the authors give a self-contained introduction to the theory of quantum groups according to Drinfeld, highlighting the formal aspects as well as the applications to the Yang-Baxter equation and representation theory. Introductions to Hopf algebras, Poisson structures and deformation quantization are also provided. After defining Poisson Lie groups the authors study their relation to Lie bialgebras and the classical Yang-Baxter equation. Then the authors explain in detail the concept of quantization for them. As an example the quantization of sl 2 is explicitly carried out. Next, the authors show how quantum groups are related to the Yang-Baxter equation and how they can be used to solve it. Using the quantum double construction, the authors explicitly construct the universal R matrix for the quantum sl 2 algebra. In the last section, the authors deduce all finite-dimensional irreducible representations for q a root of unity. The authors also give their tensor product decomposition (fusion rules), which is relevant to conformal field theory

  9. Higher-spin algebras, holography and flat space

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sleight, C. [Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut),Föhringer Ring 6, D-80805 Munich (Germany); Université Libre de Bruxelles and International Solvay Institutes,ULB-Campus Plaine CP231, 1050 Brussels (Belgium); Taronna, M. [Université Libre de Bruxelles and International Solvay Institutes,ULB-Campus Plaine CP231, 1050 Brussels (Belgium)

    2017-02-20

    In this article we study the higher-spin algebra behind the type-A cubic couplings recently extracted from the free O(N) model in generic dimensions, demonstrating that they coincide with the known structure constants for the unique higher-spin algebra in generic dimensions. This provides an explicit check of the holographic reconstruction and of the duality between higher-spin theories and the free O(N) model in generic dimensions, generalising the result of Giombi and Yin in AdS{sub 4}. For completeness, we also address the same problem in the flat space for the cubic couplings derived by Metsaev in 1991, which are recovered from the flat limit of the AdS type-A cubic couplings. We observe that both flat and AdS{sub 4} higher-spin Lorentz subalgebras coincide, hinting towards the existence of a full higher-spin symmetry behind the flat-space cubic couplings of Metsaev.

  10. Euclidean self-dual Yang-Mills field configurations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sartori, G.

    1980-01-01

    The determination of a large class of regular and singular Euclidean self-dual Yang-Mills field configurations is reduced to the solution of a set of linear algebraic equations. The matrix of the coefficients is a polynomial functions of x and the rules for its construction are elementary. (author)

  11. Towards a unified treatment of Yang-Mills and Higgs fields

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Balakrishna, B.S.; Guersey, F.; Wali, K.C.

    1991-01-01

    Starting from a noncommutative algebra scrA of the form scrC direct-product scrM, where scrC is the algebra of smooth functions on space-time and scrM is the algebra of nxn Hermitian matrices, we construct an exterior algebra of differential forms over scrA. We use the one-forms of this algebra to describe Yang-Mills and Higgs fields on a similar footing and construct a Lagrangian from its two-forms. We show how, in the resulting geometrical description, a Higgs potential that leads to spontaneous symmetry breaking arises naturally. We discuss the application of this formalism to the bosonic sectors of the standard electroweak theory and a grand-unified model based on SU(5)direct-product U(1)

  12. On a relation between massive Yang-Mills theories and dual string models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mickelsson, J.

    1983-01-01

    The relations between mass terms in Yang-Mills theories, projective representations of the group of gauge transformations, boundary conditions on vector potentials and Schwinger terms in local charge algebra commutation relations are discussed. The commutation relations (with Schwinger terms) are similar to the current algebra commutation relations of the SU(N) extended dual string model. (orig.)

  13. Multi-octave spectral beam combiner on ultra-broadband photonic integrated circuit platform.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stanton, Eric J; Heck, Martijn J R; Bovington, Jock; Spott, Alexander; Bowers, John E

    2015-05-04

    We present the design of a novel platform that is able to combine optical frequency bands spanning 4.2 octaves from ultraviolet to mid-wave infrared into a single, low M2 output waveguide. We present the design and realization of a key component in this platform that combines the wavelength bands of 350 nm - 1500 nm and 1500 nm - 6500 nm with demonstrated efficiency greater than 90% in near-infrared and mid-wave infrared. The multi-octave spectral beam combiner concept is realized using an integrated platform with silicon nitride waveguides and silicon waveguides. Simulated bandwidth is shown to be over four octaves, and measured bandwidth is shown over two octaves, limited by the availability of sources.

  14. Introduction to the Yang-Baxter Equation with Open Problems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Florin Nichita

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available The Yang-Baxter equation first appeared in theoretical physics, in a paper by the Nobel laureate C. N. Yang, and in statistical mechanics, in R. J. Baxter’s work. Later, it turned out that this equation plays a crucial role in: quantum groups, knot theory, braided categories, analysis of integrable systems, quantum mechanics, non-commutative descent theory, quantum computing, non-commutative geometry, etc. Many scientists have found solutions for the Yang-Baxter equation, obtaining qualitative results (using the axioms of various algebraic structures or quantitative results (usually using computer calculations. However, the full classification of its solutions remains an open problem. In this paper, we present the (set-theoretical Yang-Baxter equation, we sketch the proof of a new theorem, we state some problems, and discuss about directions for future research.

  15. Geometry of Yang-Mills fields

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Atiyah, M.F.

    1978-01-01

    In this talk I shall explain how information about classical solutions of Yang-Mills equations can be obtained, rather surprisingly, from algebraic geometry. Although direct physical interest is restricted to the case of four dimensions I shall begin by discussing the two-dimensional case. Besides preparing the ground for the four-dimensional problem this has independent mathematical (and possible physical) interest, and very complete results can be obtained. (orig.) [de

  16. [Theoretical and clinical application of insomnia caused by "stomach disorder could lead to excess of yang-qiao meridian"].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ren, Jian-Ning

    2013-02-01

    To explore the mechanism of insomnia caused by "stomach disorder could lead to excess of yang-qiao meridian" and clinical application of treating insomnia with acupoints in qiao meridian as the main points. From meridian theory, intersection between stomach meridian of Foot-Yangming and yang-qiao meridian is through Chengqi (ST 1). Qiao meridian for sleep is mainly because it is connected with eyes through the Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang. For Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming is intersected with the Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang in Jingming (BL 1), and intersected with yin and yang qiao meridian beside the mouth and under the eye, once functional disorder of the stomach, it can affect qi movements of the whole body and give rise to various pathological changes that cause insomnia. Meanwhile examples are given to explain the clinical application of treating subborn insomnia with corresponding acupoint of stomach and yang-qiao meridian.

  17. Gene Expression Profiles of HIV/AIDS Patients with Qi-Yin Deficiency and Dampness-Heat Retention.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Sa; Chen, Yulong; Xie, Shiping; Xu, Qianlei; Chen, Jianshe; Wang, Changhai; Wang, Zhao; Ma, Suna; Wu, Xingwei; Zhang, Ning

    2016-11-01

    Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) applied in the clinic as a complementary and alternative therapy has helped improve immunity and reduce side effects and symptomatic treatment in patients with HIV/AIDS. However, the mechanisms of TCM syndromes are not clear. Transcriptomics enables the study of such TCM syndromes. This study compared the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of healthy persons and patients with HIV/AIDS who had two common TCM syndromes, qi-yin deficiency and dampness-heat retention, to find the difference in HIV/AIDS with TCM syndromes. Comparison with healthy persons identified 113 mRNAs-41 enhanced and 72 decreased-in the qi-yin deficiency group. Additionally, 76 mRNAs were found in the dampness-heat retention group: 14 increased and 62 decreased. Functional genetic analysis of the mRNAs indicated that two TCM syndromes were correlated with cell apoptosis, immunoinflammatory responses, and lymphocyte activation. Differentially expressed mRNAs in the qi-yin deficiency group were obviously associated with cellular activity, communication, protein localization, cellular ion homeostasis, and regulation of cell motion, whereas mRNAs in the dampness-heat retention group were associated with sequence-specific DNA binding, cellular response to stress, and hemopoietic or lymphoid organ development. These results suggest that the formation of different TCM syndromes in patients with HIV/AIDS were founded on biological transcriptomics, which reveal mechanisms of the formation of these syndromes in HIV/AIDS. Differentially expressed mRNAs in two TCM syndrome groups tended to normalize after TCM intervention, which indicates that TCM might remit symptoms by changing genetic expression.

  18. Regular Riemann-Hilbert transforms, Baecklund transformations and hidden symmetry algebra for some linearization systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chau Ling-Lie; Ge Mo-Lin; Teh, Rosy.

    1984-09-01

    The Baecklund Transformations and the hidden symmetry algebra for Self-Dual Yang-Mills Equations, Landau-Lifshitz equations and the Extended Super Yang-Mills fields (N>2) are discussed on the base of the Regular Riemann-Hilbert Transform and the linearization equations. (author)

  19. Pembuatan Dokumen Sop Keamanan Aset Informasi Yang Mengacu Pada Kontrol Kerangka Kerja Iso 27002:2013 (Studi Kasus : Cv Cempaka Tulungagung

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dheni Indra Rachmawan

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Dalam mendukung proses bisnis utamanya, suatu organisasi membutuhkan adanya dukungan teknologi informasi. Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi di banyak perusahaan telah menjadi satu hal penting dalam meningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi operasional bisnis yang mendukung tercapainya tujuan perusahaan, termasuk juga pada CV Cempaka Tulungagung. Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan keamanan aset informasi tersebut maka diperlukan adanya sebuah tata kelola dalam bentuk dokumen SOP (Standard Operating Procedure keamanan aset informasi untuk mengurangi adanya ancaman dan risiko serta untuk mendukung penyelarasan pencapaian tujuan organisasi dalam proses bisnisnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu OCTAVE sebagai pengolah hasil informasi yang didapatkan dari wawancara dan FMEA digunakan untuk menghitung seberapa tinggi dampak untuk perusahaan jika risiko itu terjadi dan membuat ranking prioritas untuk masing-masing risiko. Kemudian basis yang digunakan dalam membuat prosedur kendali akses aset informasi sebagai manajemen risiko adalah kerangka kerja ISO/IEC:27002:2013. Dalam penelitian ini, hasil akhir yang didapatkan adalah sebuah dokumen SOP yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan keamanan informasi bagi perusahaan CV Cempaka berdasarkan pada kontrol kerangka kerja ISO27002:2013.

  20. The hidden symmetries and their algebraic structure of the static axially symmetric SDYM fields

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hao Sanru

    1993-01-01

    A new explicit transformation about the static axially symmetric self-dual Yang-Mills (SDYM) fields is presented. The theory has proved that the new transformation is a symmetric one. For the two kinds of the Lie algebraic generators of the Lie group SL (N. R) /SO (N), the corresponding transformations are given. By making use of the Yang-Baxter equality and their square brackets, the loop and conformal algebraic structures of the symmetric transformations for the basic fields have been obtained. All the results obtained can be directly generalized to the other models

  1. Non-linear Yang-Mills instantons from strings are π-stable D-branes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Enger, H.; Luetken, C.A.

    2004-01-01

    We show that B-type Π-stable D-branes do not in general reduce to the (Gieseker-) stable holomorphic vector bundles used in mathematics to construct moduli spaces. We show that solutions of the almost Hermitian Yang-Mills equations for the non-linear deformations of Yang-Mills instantons that appear in the low-energy geometric limit of strings exist iff they are π-stable, a geometric large volume version of Π-stability. This shows that π-stability is the correct physical stability concept. We speculate that this string-canonical choice of stable objects, which is encoded in and derived from the central charge of the string-algebra, should find applications to algebraic geometry where there is no canonical choice of stable geometrical objects

  2. On The Role Of Division, Jordan And Related Algebras In Particle Physics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gursey, F.; C-H Tze

    1996-11-01

    This monograph surveys the role of some associative and non-associative algebras, remarkable by their ubiquitous appearance in contemporary theoretical physics,particularly in particle physics. It concerns the interplay between division algebras, specifically quaternions and octonions, between Jordan and related algebras on the one hand, and unified theories of the basic interactions on the other. Selected applications of these algebraic structures are discussed: quaternion analyticity of Yang Mills instantons, octonionic aspects of exceptional broken gauge, supergravity theories, division algebras in anyonic phenomena and in theories of extended objects in critical dimensions. The topics presented deal primarily with original contributions by the authors

  3. Equivalent D = 3 supergravity amplitudes from double copies of three-algebra and two-algebra gauge theories.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Yu-tin; Johansson, Henrik

    2013-04-26

    We show that three-dimensional supergravity amplitudes can be obtained as double copies of either three-algebra super-Chern-Simons matter theory or two-algebra super-Yang-Mills theory when either theory is organized to display the color-kinematics duality. We prove that only helicity-conserving four-dimensional gravity amplitudes have nonvanishing descendants when reduced to three dimensions, implying the vanishing of odd-multiplicity S-matrix elements, in agreement with Chern-Simons matter theory. We explicitly verify the double-copy correspondence at four and six points for N = 12,10,8 supergravity theories and discuss its validity for all multiplicity.

  4. Dynamic Monitoring of Yin Xu Site by Remote Sensing

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Ruixia; Peng, Yanyan

    2014-03-01

    Yin Xu, dates back more than 3,300 years, is the first relic of the capital of the Shang Dynasty literally recorded and confirmed by oracle bone scripts and the archaeological excavation in China. Located in Anyang City of Henan Province(northwestern suburbs of Huanhe banks) it covers an area of around 36 km2. According to the characteristics of Yin Xu, remote sensing has shown its great capabilities to solve many issues in different fields, e.g. visual interpretations of aerial photo were used to identify the feature of Yin Xu site in 1972, 1984, 1998, 2005 and 2010. Using the classification validated by field investigations,the change information such as the monitoring index of settlements, riverway, main roads, factory and green area can be extracted in heritage site. According to the monitoring results of land cover and the surrounding environment, we conclude that the protection planning system is effective, and the rapid expansion of neighboring building area has playing a negative role in Yin Xu protection.

  5. Dynamic Monitoring of Yin Xu Site by Remote Sensing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Ruixia; Peng, Yanyan

    2014-01-01

    Yin Xu, dates back more than 3,300 years, is the first relic of the capital of the Shang Dynasty literally recorded and confirmed by oracle bone scripts and the archaeological excavation in China. Located in Anyang City of Henan Province(northwestern suburbs of Huanhe banks) it covers an area of around 36 km 2 . According to the characteristics of Yin Xu, remote sensing has shown its great capabilities to solve many issues in different fields, e.g. visual interpretations of aerial photo were used to identify the feature of Yin Xu site in 1972, 1984, 1998, 2005 and 2010. Using the classification validated by field investigations,the change information such as the monitoring index of settlements, riverway, main roads, factory and green area can be extracted in heritage site. According to the monitoring results of land cover and the surrounding environment, we conclude that the protection planning system is effective, and the rapid expansion of neighboring building area has playing a negative role in Yin Xu protection

  6. Algebraic Bethe ansatz for the Izergin-Korepin R matrix

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tarasov, V.O.

    1989-01-01

    The authors propose a generalization of the algebraic Bethe ansatz for the Izergin-Korepin R matrix - the simplest unstudied odd-dimensional solution of the Yang-Baxter equation - and they discuss some related questions. The first section of the paper is an introduction. In the second they indicate a way of generalizing the algebraic Bethe ansatz to the case of the Izergin-Korepin R matrix. The simplest monodromy matrices (L operators) for this R matrix are described in the third section. The fourth section is devoted to the proof of the proposed generalization of the algebraic Bethe ansatz

  7. Loop groups and Yang-Mills theory in dimension two

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gravesen, Jens

    1990-01-01

    Given a connection ω in a G-bundle over S2, then a process called radial trivialization from the poles gives a unique clutching function, i.e., an element γ of the loop group ΩG. Up to gauge equivalence, ω is completely determined by γ and a map f:S2 →g into the Lie algebra. Moreover, the Yang......-Mills function of ω is the sum of the energy of γ and the square of a certain norm of f. In particular, the Yang-Mills functional has the same Morse theory as the energy functional on ΩG. There is a similar description of connections in a G-bundle over an arbitrary Riemann surface, but so far not of the Yang...

  8. Yin Ŕ ja tema looming

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2005-01-01

    Lühidalt Bõ Yin Ŕ elust ja loomingust, tema raamatutest : Raamat elavast jumalast. Kuressaare, 2003 ; Raamat õnnest. Kuressaare, 2004 ; Armastuseraamat. Kuressaare, 2003 ; Elu mõte. Kuressaare, 2004

  9. [The academic characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion of professor ZHANG Yongshu:a famous acupuncturist in Southern Fujian].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Weiwei; Meng, Xianjun; Zhu, Anning; Wang, Yu; Luo, Wuyougumo; Kuang, Zifang

    2017-01-12

    Professor ZHANG Yongshu , who studied from professor LIU Zhangjie , is a famous acupuncturist in Quanzhou of Southern Fujian. The publications authored by professor ZHANG Yongshu were collected in this study to summarize his academic characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion. The result indicated he highly valued the regulation of yang qi , and established the theory of "developing yang to nourish yin ", which proposes to develop yang qi to achieve the effect of culturing yin ; he summarized eight methods to regulate the governor vessel and conception vessel, which can condition the body's yin and yang ; he paid attention to moxibustion therapy and its dosage, and made the best of direct moxibustion. In addition, he focused on meridian theory with effective application of meridian syndrome differentiation; in clinical treatment, he regulated the hand- yangming meridian to treat diseases by nourishing yang , generating yin and regulating fu .

  10. Octave-Spanning Mid-IR Supercontinuum Generation with Ultrafast Cascaded Nonlinearities

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Zhou, Binbin; Guo, Hairun; Liu, Xing

    2014-01-01

    An octave-spanning mid-IR supercontinuum is observed experimentally using ultrafast cascaded nonlinearities in an LiInS2 quadratic nonlinear crystal pumped with 70 fs energetic mid-IR pulses and cut for strongly phase-mismatched second-harmonic generation.......An octave-spanning mid-IR supercontinuum is observed experimentally using ultrafast cascaded nonlinearities in an LiInS2 quadratic nonlinear crystal pumped with 70 fs energetic mid-IR pulses and cut for strongly phase-mismatched second-harmonic generation....

  11. Dynamical theory of subconstituents based on ternary algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bars, I.; Guenaydin, M.

    1980-01-01

    We propose a dynamical theory of possible fundamental constituents of matter. Our scheme is based on (super) ternary algebras which are building blocks of Lie (super) algebras. Elementary fields, called ''ternons,'' are associated with the elements of a (super) ternary algebra. Effective gauge bosons, ''quarks,'' and ''leptons'' are constructed as composite fields from ternons. We propose two- and four-dimensional (super) ternon theories whose structures are closely related to CP/sub N/ and Yang-Mills theories and their supersymmetric extensions. We conjecture that at large distances (low energies) the ternon theories dynamically produce effective gauge theories and thus may be capable of explaining the present particle-physics phenomenology. Such a scenario is valid in two dimensions

  12. Reduced MLH3 Expression in the Syndrome of Gan-Shen Yin Deficiency in Patients with Different Diseases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Du, Juan; Zhong, Maofeng; Liu, Dong; Liang, Shufang; Liu, Xiaolin; Cheng, Binbin; Zhang, Yani; Yin, Zifei; Wang, Yuan; Ling, Changquan

    2017-01-01

    Traditional Chinese medicine formulates treatment according to body constitution (BC) differentiation. Different constitutions have specific metabolic characteristics and different susceptibility to certain diseases. This study aimed to assess the characteristic genes of gan-shen Yin deficiency constitution in different diseases. Fifty primary liver cancer (PLC) patients, 94 hypertension (HBP) patients, and 100 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients were enrolled and classified into gan-shen Yin deficiency group and non-gan-shen Yin deficiency group according to the body constitution questionnaire to assess the clinical manifestation of patients. The mRNA expressions of 17 genes in PLC patients with gan-shen Yin deficiency were different from those without gan-shen Yin deficiency. However, considering all patients with PLC, HBP, and DM, only MLH3 was significantly lower in gan-shen Yin deficiency group than that in non-gen-shen Yin deficiency. By ROC analysis, the relationship between MLH3 and gan-shen Yin deficiency constitution was confirmed. Treatment of MLH3 (-/- and -/+) mice with Liuweidihuang wan, classical prescriptions for Yin deficiency, partly ameliorates the body constitution of Yin deficiency in MLH3 (-/+) mice, but not in MLH3 (-/-) mice. MLH3 might be one of material bases of gan-shen Yin deficiency constitution.

  13. Influence of I-ching (Yijing, or The Book Of Changes) on Chinese medicine, philosophy and science.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lu, Dominic P

    2013-01-01

    I-Ching or Yi-Jing ([see text] also known as The Book of Changes) is the earliest classic in China. It simply explained the formation of the universe and the relationship of man to the universe. Most, if not all, branches of various knowledge, including traditional Chinese medicine, can be traced back its origin to this Book in which Fu Shi ([see text] 2852 B.C.) theorized how the universe was formed, through his keen observation of environment and orbits of sun, moon and stars. He used symbols to represent his views. The essence of I-Ching is basically the expression and function of Yang symbolized as "--" (from ) and Yin symbolized "- -" (from --><--), and [see text] Yin and Yang as interaction and circulation of Yang and Yin. Both Yin and Yang were derived from the same origin, Tai-Chi. Fu Shi believed Yin and Yang were the two opposite background force and energy that make the universe as what it is. Yang and Yin manifest in great variety of phenomena such as mind and body, masculine and feminine, sun and moon, hot and cold, heaven and earth, positive and negative electricity etc. The entire theory of Chinese medicine is based on the theories of Yin and Yang as well as that of 5 Element Cycles which are also related to the orderly arrangement of 8 trigrams ([see text]) by King Wen ([see text]1099-1050 B.C.). The 5 Elements Theory explains the "check and balance" mechanism created by the background force of Yin and Yang Qi and illustrated the relationships that are either strengthened or weakened by "acting and controlling" among the 5 elements. I-Ching has exerted profound influences on some well- known European philosophers and scientists, notably Leibnitz and Hegel. Between I-Ching and modern cosmology and the physics of sub-atomic particles, there are some basic theories in common.

  14. Enhancement of computer program SPECTRAN to provide optional synthesis of 1/12 octave-band and critical-band spectra from 1/3 octave-band spectra

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chang, Young-Soo [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); Liebich, R.E. [Raytheon Environmental Services Company, Cambridge, MA (United States)

    1997-07-01

    This paper describes greatly enhanced version of the computer program SPECTRAN, which was initially presented in Paper No. 96-RA104.01, at the A&WMA 89th Annual Meeting in June 1996. The program has had three basic upgrades since that time. The first is provision of an option to use either batch-mode input from previously prepared data files or a {open_quotes}user-friendly{close_quotes} interactive input routine. The latter is primarily for first-time users and those having only one, or very few, spectra to process. The second improvement is the synthesis of 1/12 octave-band spectra from 1/3 octave-band spectra, with {open_quotes}tone correction,{close_quotes} in a manner similar to that used in the original version of the program. The third fundamental improvement is addition of a unique new capability to synthesize classic {open_quotes}critical-band{close_quotes} spectra from 1/3 octave-band input spectra. Critical-band spectra are also termed {open_quotes}equivalent-rectangular-bandwidth (ERB){close_quotes} and {open_quotes}equal-contribution-to-speech (ECS){close_quotes} spectra.

  15. The universal R-matrix and its associated quantum algebra as functionals of the classical r-matrix: the sl2 case

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Freidel, L.; Maillet, J.M.

    1992-09-01

    Using a geometrical approach to the quantum Yang-Baxter equation, the quantum algebra U h (sl 2 ) and its universal quantum R-matrix are explicitly constructed as functionals of the associated classical r-matrix. In this framework, the quantum algebra U h (sl 2 ) is naturally imbedded in the universal enveloping algebra of the sl 2 current algebra. (author) 13 refs

  16. The genetic code as a periodic table: algebraic aspects.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bashford, J D; Jarvis, P D

    2000-01-01

    The systematics of indices of physico-chemical properties of codons and amino acids across the genetic code are examined. Using a simple numerical labelling scheme for nucleic acid bases, A=(-1,0), C=(0,-1), G=(0,1), U=(1,0), data can be fitted as low order polynomials of the six coordinates in the 64-dimensional codon weight space. The work confirms and extends the recent studies by Siemion et al. (1995. BioSystems 36, 231-238) of the conformational parameters. Fundamental patterns in the data such as codon periodicities, and related harmonics and reflection symmetries, are here associated with the structure of the set of basis monomials chosen for fitting. Results are plotted using the Siemion one-step mutation ring scheme, and variants thereof. The connections between the present work, and recent studies of the genetic code structure using dynamical symmetry algebras, are pointed out.

  17. Quantum deformations of conformal algebras with mass-like deformation parameters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Frydryszak, Andrzej; Lukierski, Jerzy; Mozrzymas, Marek; Minnaert, Pierre

    1998-01-01

    We recall the mathematical apparatus necessary for the quantum deformation of Lie algebras, namely the notions of coboundary Lie algebras, classical r-matrices, classical Yang-Baxter equations (CYBE), Froebenius algebras and parabolic subalgebras. Then we construct the quantum deformation of D=1, D=2 and D=3 conformal algebras, showing that this quantization introduce fundamental mass parameters. Finally we consider with more details the quantization of D=4 conformal algebra. We build three classes of sl(4,C) classical r-matrices, satisfying CYBE and depending respectively on 8, 10 and 12 generators of parabolic subalgebras. We show that only the 8-dimensional r-matrices allow to impose the D=4 conformal o(4,2)≅su(2,2) reality conditions. Weyl reflections and Dynkin diagram automorphisms for o(4,2) define the class of admissible bases for given classical r-matrices

  18. Self-dual solutions to Euclidean Yang-Mills equations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Corrigan, E.

    1979-01-01

    The paper provides an introduction to two approaches towards understanding the classical Yang-Mills field equations. On the one hand, the work of Atiyah and Ward showed that the self-dual equations, which are non-linear, could be regarded as a set of linear equations which turned out to be related to each other by Baecklund transformations. Fundamental to their procedure was the observation that the information carried by the vector potential could be coded into the structure of certain analytic vector bundles over a three dimensional projective space. The classification of these bundles and the subsequent recovery of the gauge field led to the infinite set of ansaetze, corresponding to the sets of linear equation mentioned already. On the other hand, Atiyah, Hitchin, Drinfeld and Manin have recently constructed, completely algebraically, the bundles of interest and indicated how the Yang-Mills potential may be obtained. Remarkably, their construction differs very little as the gauge group is changed (to any of the classical compact groups) and, uses only the elementary operations of linear algebra to yield potentials as rational functions of the spatial coordinates. (Auth.)

  19. Lie Algebras for Constructing Nonlinear Integrable Couplings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Yufeng

    2011-01-01

    Two new explicit Lie algebras are introduced for which the nonlinear integrable couplings of the Giachetti-Johnson (GJ) hierarchy and the Yang hierarchy are obtained, respectively. By employing the variational identity their Hamiltonian structures are also generated. The approach presented in the paper can also provide nonlinear integrable couplings of other soliton hierarchies of evolution equations. (general)

  20. Affine q-deformed symmetry and the classical Yang-Baxter σ-model

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Delduc, F.; Kameyama, T.; Magro, M. [Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique,F-69342 Lyon (France); Vicedo, B. [School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire,College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB (United Kingdom)

    2017-03-23

    The Yang-Baxter σ-model is an integrable deformation of the principal chiral model on a Lie group G. The deformation breaks the G×G symmetry to U(1){sup rank(G)}×G. It is known that there exist non-local conserved charges which, together with the unbroken U(1){sup rank(G)} local charges, form a Poisson algebra U{sub q}(g), which is the semiclassical limit of the quantum group U{sub q}(g), with g the Lie algebra of G. For a general Lie group G with rank(G)>1, we extend the previous result by constructing local and non-local conserved charges satisfying all the defining relations of the infinite-dimensional Poisson algebra U{sub q}(Lg), the classical analogue of the quantum loop algebra U{sub q}(Lg), where Lg is the loop algebra of g. Quite unexpectedly, these defining relations are proved without encountering any ambiguity related to the non-ultralocality of this integrable σ-model.

  1. Fermion current algebras and Schwinger terms in (3+1)-dimensions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Langmann, E.

    1994-01-01

    We discuss the restricted linear group in infinite dimensions modeled by the Schatten class of rank 2p=4 which contains the (3+1)-dimensional analogs of the loop groups and is closely related to Yang-Mills theory with fermions in (3+1)-dimensions. We give an alternative to the construction of the ''highest weight'' representation of this group found by Mickelsson and Rajeev. Our approach is close to quantum field theory, with the elements of this group regarded as Bogoliubov transformations for fermions in an external Yang-Mills field. Though these cannot be unitarily implemented in the physically relevant representation of the fermion field algebra, we argue that they can be implemented by sesquilinear forms, and that there is a (regularized) product of forms providing an appropriate group structure. On the Lie algebra level, this gives an explicit, non-perturbative construction of fermion current algebras in (3+1) space-time dimensions which explicitly shows that the ''wave function renormalization'' required for a consistent definition of the currents and their Lie bracket naturally leads to the Schwinger term identical with the Mickelsson-Rajeev cocycle. Though the explicit form of the Schwinger term is given only for the case p=2, our arguments apply also to the restricted linear groups modeled by Schatten classes of rank 2p=6, 8, .. corresponding to current algebras in (d+1)-dimensions, d=5, 7, .. (orig.)

  2. Two new species and new record of Batricavus Yin & Li (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae) from China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yin, Zi-Wei; Li, Li-Zhen

    2012-01-01

    Two new species, Batricavus abdominalis Yin & Li, sp. n. and Batricavus hainanensis Yin & Li, sp. n. are described from Hainan, South China, with male habitus and major diagnostic features illustrated. Batricavus tibialis Yin & Li is newly recorded from Zhejiang, East China. Keys to both sexes of the genus are included.

  3. Bootstrapping non-commutative gauge theories from L∞ algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blumenhagen, Ralph; Brunner, Ilka; Kupriyanov, Vladislav; Lüst, Dieter

    2018-05-01

    Non-commutative gauge theories with a non-constant NC-parameter are investigated. As a novel approach, we propose that such theories should admit an underlying L∞ algebra, that governs not only the action of the symmetries but also the dynamics of the theory. Our approach is well motivated from string theory. We recall that such field theories arise in the context of branes in WZW models and briefly comment on its appearance for integrable deformations of AdS5 sigma models. For the SU(2) WZW model, we show that the earlier proposed matrix valued gauge theory on the fuzzy 2-sphere can be bootstrapped via an L∞ algebra. We then apply this approach to the construction of non-commutative Chern-Simons and Yang-Mills theories on flat and curved backgrounds with non-constant NC-structure. More concretely, up to the second order, we demonstrate how derivative and curvature corrections to the equations of motion can be bootstrapped in an algebraic way from the L∞ algebra. The appearance of a non-trivial A∞ algebra is discussed, as well.

  4. Reduction of 4-dim self dual super Yang-Mills onto super Riemann surfaces

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mendoza, A.; Restuccia, A.; Martin, I.

    1990-05-01

    Recently self dual super Yang-Mills over a super Riemann surface was obtained as the zero set of a moment map on the space of superconnections to the dual of the super Lie algebra of gauge transformations. We present a new formulation of 4-dim Euclidean self dual super Yang-Mills in terms of constraints on the supercurvature. By dimensional reduction we obtain the same set of superconformal field equations which define self dual connections on a super Riemann surface. (author). 10 refs

  5. Supersymmetric Yang-Mills fields as an integrable system and connections with other non-linear systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chau, L.L.

    1983-01-01

    Integrable properties, i.e., existence of linear systems, infinite number of conservation laws, Reimann-Hilbert transforms, affine Lie algebra of Kac-Moody, and Bianchi-Baecklund transformation, are discussed for the constraint equations of the supersymmetric Yang-Mills fields. For N greater than or equal to 3 these constraint equations give equations of motion of the fields. These equations of motion reduce to the ordinary Yang-Mills equations as the spinor and scalar fields are eliminated. These understandings provide a possible method to solve the full Yang-Mills equations. Connections with other non-linear systems are also discussed. 53 references

  6. Certain algebraic structures and their applications to physics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Salingaros, N.A.

    1978-01-01

    The aim of this thesis is to understand internal and external symmetries in Physics as arising from the same algebra by different processes, while the algebra itself arises out of the geometry of space-time. The result obtained is the Associative Generalized Algebra of Tensor Types. This algebra is constructed from the differential forms of spacetime, and is an algebra in the mathematical sense, describing all tensor types together. It is associative, and therefore very easy to use. A calculational formalism is developed that simplifies algebraic manipulations. The construction allows a classification of algebras that appear useful in Physics. The geometry excludes self-dual Minkowski bivector fields, but allows self-dual Euclidean bivector fields, a result, with important consequences in the theory of solutions of Yang-Mills gauge fields are demonstrated. There is only one bivector field, and every other bivector field, such as the electromagnetic field, is isomorphic to it. An exhaustive classification of the transformations of all fields in space-time yields the result that the only transformations of the electromagnetic field are the Lorentz transformations and the duality rotation. A fundamental asymmetry between the electric and magnetic fields are demonstrated. The derivative in the algebra is associative, and combines the Cartan exterior derivative with the coderivative of Hodge. The simplest derivative equations satisfied by a field in flat space-time are precisely the Maxwell equations

  7. Classical algebraic chromodynamics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Adler, S.L.

    1978-01-01

    I develop an extension of the usual equations of SU(n) chromodynamics which permits the consistent introduction of classical, noncommuting quark source charges. The extension involves adding a singlet gluon, giving a U(n) -based theory with outer product P/sup a/(u,v) = (1/2)(d/sup a/bc + if/sup a/bc)(u/sup b/v/sup c/ - v/sup b/u/sup c/) which obeys the Jacobi identity, inner product S (u,v) = (1/2)(u/sup a/v/sup a/ + v/sup a/u/sup a/), and with the n 2 gluon fields elevated to algebraic fields over the quark color charge C* algebra. I show that provided the color charge algebra satisfies the condition S (P (u,v),w) = S (u,P (v,w)) for all elements u,v,w of the algebra, all the standard derivations of Lagrangian chromodynamics continue to hold in the algebraic chromodynamics case. I analyze in detail the color charge algebra in the two-particle (qq, qq-bar, q-barq-bar) case and show that the above consistency condition is satisfied for the following unique (and, interestingly, asymmetric) choice of quark and antiquark charges: Q/sup a//sub q/ = xi/sup a/, Q/sup a//sub q/ = xi-bar/sup a/ + delta/sup a/0(n/2)/sup 3/2/1, with xi/sup a/xi/sup b/ = (1/2)(d/sup a/bc + if/sup a/bc) xi/sup c/, xi-bar/sup a/xi-bar/sup b/ = -(1/2)(d/sup a/bc - if/sup a/bc) xi-bar/sup c/. The algebraic structure of the two-particle U(n) force problem, when expressed on an appropriately diagonalized basis, leads for all n to a classical dynamics problem involving an ordinary SU(2) Yang-Mills field with uniquely specified classical source charges which are nonparallel in the color-singlet state. An explicit calculation shows that local algebraic U(n) gauge transformations lead only to a rigid global rotation of axes in the overlying classical SU(2) problem, which implies that the relative orientations of the classical source charges have physical significance

  8. The Yang-Baxter equation for PT invariant 19-vertex models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pimenta, R A; Martins, M J

    2011-01-01

    We study the solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation associated with 19-vertex models invariant by the parity-time symmetry from the perspective of algebraic geometry. We determine the form of the algebraic curves constraining the respective Boltzmann weights and find that they possess a universal structure. This allows us to classify the integrable manifolds into four different families reproducing three known models, besides uncovering a novel 19-vertex model in a unified way. The introduction of the spectral parameter on the weights is made via the parameterization of the fundamental algebraic curve which is a conic. The diagonalization of the transfer matrix of the new vertex model and its thermodynamic limit properties are discussed. We point out a connection between the form of the main curve and the nature of the excitations of the corresponding spin-1 chains.

  9. [Evolutionary process unveiled by the maximum genetic diversity hypothesis].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Yi-Min; Xia, Meng-Ying; Huang, Shi

    2013-05-01

    As two major popular theories to explain evolutionary facts, the neutral theory and Neo-Darwinism, despite their proven virtues in certain areas, still fail to offer comprehensive explanations to such fundamental evolutionary phenomena as the genetic equidistance result, abundant overlap sites, increase in complexity over time, incomplete understanding of genetic diversity, and inconsistencies with fossil and archaeological records. Maximum genetic diversity hypothesis (MGD), however, constructs a more complete evolutionary genetics theory that incorporates all of the proven virtues of existing theories and adds to them the novel concept of a maximum or optimum limit on genetic distance or diversity. It has yet to meet a contradiction and explained for the first time the half-century old Genetic Equidistance phenomenon as well as most other major evolutionary facts. It provides practical and quantitative ways of studying complexity. Molecular interpretation using MGD-based methods reveal novel insights on the origins of humans and other primates that are consistent with fossil evidence and common sense, and reestablished the important role of China in the evolution of humans. MGD theory has also uncovered an important genetic mechanism in the construction of complex traits and the pathogenesis of complex diseases. We here made a series of sequence comparisons among yeasts, fishes and primates to illustrate the concept of limit on genetic distance. The idea of limit or optimum is in line with the yin-yang paradigm in the traditional Chinese view of the universal creative law in nature.

  10. [Jinshuibao capsule combined losartan potassium intervened early renal damage of hypertension patients of yin and yang deficiency: a clinical research].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Cheng-Qiu; Yin, Ji-Qing; Xin, Qing; Wang, Ya-Qin; Ge, Zhi-Ming

    2013-06-01

    To observe the effects of Jinshuibao Capsule (JC) combined losartan potassium on some indices of early renal damage of hypertension patients of yin and yang deficiency syndrome (YYDS), such as levels of serum cystatin C (Cys C), beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), uric acid (UA), blood pressure, blood lipids, and fasting blood glucose (FBG), and to explore their protective effects on early renal damage of hypertension patients and on the metabolisms of blood lipids and blood glucose. Totally 106 hypertension patients of YYDS were randomly assigned to two groups, 53 patients in the control group (treated by losartan potassium) and 53 patients in the treatment group (treated by JC + losartan potassium). The treatment lasted for 16 weeks. The serum changes of UA, Cys C, beta2-MG, hs-CRP, blood lipids [including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)], and FBG levels were measured to evaluate the renal protective effects and to assess their effect on the metabolisms of blood lipids and blood glucose. Compared with before treatment in the same group, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased in the two groups after treatment, showing statistical difference (P 0.05). The diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was not obviously declined in the two groups after treatment, showing no statistical difference. Compared with before treatment in the same group, the LDL-C level decreased obviously after treatment in the control group. But there was no obvious change in FBG, TC, HDL-C, and TG in the control group, showing no statistical difference when compared with before treatment (P 0.05). Compared with before treatment in the same group, the levels of UA, Cys C, beta2-MG, and hs-CRP all decreased in the two groups, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The SCr level decreased in the treatment group more obviously after treatment

  11. On self-dual Yang-Mills hierarchy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nakamura, Yoshimasa

    1989-01-01

    In this note, motivated by the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy of integrable nonlinear evolution equations, a GL(n,C) self-dual Yang-Mills (SDYM) hierarchy is presented; it is an infinite system of SDYM equations having an infinite number of independent variables and being outside of the KP hierarchy. A relationship between the KP hierarchy and the SDYM hierarchy is discussed. It is also shown that GL(∞) SDYM equations introduced in this note are reduced to the GL(n,C) SDYM hierarchy by imposing an algebraic constraint. (orig.)

  12. Effects of Stimulus Octave and Timbre on the Tuning Accuracy of Advanced College Instrumentalists

    Science.gov (United States)

    Byo, James L.; Schlegel, Amanda L.

    2016-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to test the effects of octave and timbre on advanced college musicians' (N = 63) ability to tune their instruments. We asked: "Are there differences in tuning accuracy due to octave (B-flat 2, B-flat 4) and stimulus timbre (oboe, clarinet, electronic tuner, tuba)?" and "To what extent do participants'…

  13. Algebraic renormalization. Perturbative renormalization, symmetries and anomalies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Piguet, O.

    1995-01-01

    This book is an introduction to the algebraic method in the perturbative renormalization of relativistic quantum field theory. After a general introduction to renormalized perturbation theory the quantum action principle and Ward identities are described. Then Yang-Mills gauge theories are considered. Thereafter the BRS cohomology and descent equations are described. Then nonrenormalization theorems and topological field theories are considered. Finally an application to the bosonic string is described. (HSI)

  14. New VLBI Observing System 'OCTAVE-Family' to Support VDIF Specifications with 10 GigE for VERA, JVN, and Japanese e-VLBI (OCTAVE)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oyama, T.; Kono, Y.; Suzuki, S.; Mizuno, S.; Bushimata, T.; Jike, T.; Kawaguchi, N.; Kobayashi, H.; Kimura, M.

    2012-12-01

    The new VLBI observing system (OCTAVE-Family) has been designed and developed based on the VSI-H and VDIF specifications at NAOJ (National Astronomical Observatory of Japan). It consists of 1) a high speed 8-Gsps 3-bit ADC (OCTAD) enabling us to acquire not only wide intermediate frequencies but also radio frequencies up to 50 GHz, 2) a converter (OCTAVIA) between one 10 GigE port and four 2 Gbps input and output ports conformable to VSI-H, 3) new recorders (OCTADISK and OCTADISK2) at rates of 4.5 Gbps and above 8 Gbps, and 4) a high speed software correlator system (OCTACOR) using GICO3 which was developed by NICT. These OCTAVE systems are connected via 10 GigE network with VDIF and VSI specifications. These components are used for VERA, JVN (Japanese VLBI network), and KJJVC (Korea-Japan Joint VLBI Correlator).

  15. An Open-source Toolbox for Analysing and Processing PhysioNet Databases in MATLAB and Octave

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ikaro Silva

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available The WaveForm DataBase (WFDB Toolbox for MATLAB/Octave enables  integrated access to PhysioNet's software and databases. Using the WFDB Toolbox for MATLAB/Octave, users have access to over 50 physiological databases in PhysioNet. The toolbox allows direct loading into MATLAB/Octave's workspace of over 4 TB of biomedical signals including ECG, EEG, EMG, and PLETH. Additionally, most signals are accompanied by meta data such as medical annotations of clinical events: arrhythmias, sleep stages, seizures, hypotensive episodes, etc. Users of this toolbox should easily be able to reproduce, validate, and compare results published based on PhysioNet's software and databases.

  16. Origin of the mysterious Yin-Shang bronzes in China indicated by lead isotopes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Wei-dong; Zhang, Li-peng; Guo, Jia; Li, Cong-ying; Jiang, Yu-hang; Zartman, Robert E; Zhang, Zhao-feng

    2016-03-18

    Fine Yin-Shang bronzes containing lead with puzzlingly highly radiogenic isotopic compositions appeared suddenly in the alluvial plain of the Yellow River around 1400 BC. The Tongkuangyu copper deposit in central China is known to have lead isotopic compositions even more radiogenic and scattered than those of the Yin-Shang bronzes. Most of the Yin-Shang bronzes are tin-copper alloys with high lead contents. The low lead and tin concentrations, together with the less radiogenic lead isotopes of bronzes in an ancient smelting site nearby, however, exclude Tongkuangyu as the sole supplier of the Yin-Shang bronzes. Interestingly, tin ingots/prills and bronzes found in Africa also have highly radiogenic lead isotopes, but it remains mysterious as to how such African bronzes may have been transported to China. Nevertheless, these African bronzes are the only bronzes outside China so far reported that have lead isotopes similar to those of the Yin-Shang bronzes. All these radiogenic lead isotopes plot along ~2.0-2.5 Ga isochron lines, implying that deposits around Archean cratons are the most likely candidates for the sources. African cratons along the Nile and even micro-cratons in the Sahara desert may have similar lead signatures. These places were probably accessible by ancient civilizations, and thus are the most favorable suppliers of the bronzes.

  17. Comparative Analysis of Tongue Indices between Patients with and without a Self-Reported Yin Deficiency: A Cross-Sectional Study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Su-Ryun; Choi, Woojin; Yeo, Inkwon; Nam, Dong-Hyun

    2017-01-01

    We investigated the hypothesis that Yin-deficient patients have a reddened tongue with less coating. We screened 189 participants aged 20 to 49 years, complaining of headache. To classify patients in terms of Yin deficiency, we used two self-reporting Yin-deficiency questionnaires (Yin-Deficiency Questionnaire and Yin-Deficiency Scale) and diagnosis by a doctor. Based on the tests, a total of 33 subjects were assigned to a Yin-deficient group and 33 subjects were assigned to a nondeficient control group. Tongue images were acquired using a computerized tongue diagnostic system, for evaluating tongue indices. The tongue coating percentage and tongue redness were calculated as the mean a ⁎ value of both the whole tongue area (WT a ⁎ ) and the tongue body area (TB a ⁎ ). The tongue coating percentage of the Yin-deficient group (34.79 ± 10.76) was lower than that of the nondeficient group (44.13 ± 14.08). The WT a ⁎ value of the Yin-deficient group (19.39 ± 1.52) was significantly higher than that of the nondeficient group (18.21 ± 2.06). However, the difference in the TB a ⁎ value between the two groups was not significant. In conclusion, we verified that Yin-deficient patients had less tongue coating and tended to have a more reddish tongue than nondeficient patients.

  18. Qian Yang Yu Yin Granule-containing serum inhibits angiotensin II-induced proliferation, reactive oxygen species production, and inflammation in human mesangial cells via an NADPH oxidase 4-dependent pathway.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ding, Kang; Wang, Yan; Jiang, Weimin; Zhang, Yu; Yin, Hongping; Fang, Zhuyuan

    2015-03-25

    Qian Yang Yu Yin Granule (QYYYG), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been indicated for renal damage in hypertension for decades in China, but little remains known regarding its underlying molecular mechanism. Therefore, we performed the current study in order to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of QYYYG in the treatment of hypertensive renal damage. We hypothesize that QYYYG relieves hypertensive renal injury through an angiotensin II (Ang II)-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH)-oxidase (NOX)-reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway. In this study, we investigated the effects of QYYYG-containing serum (QYGS) in human mesangial cells (HMCs) against Ang II-induced cell proliferation, ROS production, and inflammation through the seropharmacological method. We found that QYGS could inhibit cell proliferation in Ang II-treated HMCs. In addition, QYGS considerably suppressed production of ROS, decreased mRNA and protein expression of NAPDH-oxidase 4 (NOX4), p22 (phox) , and activated Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (GTP-Rac1); as well as counteracted the up-regulation of inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, and interleukin 6 (IL-6). These effects were further confirmed in HMCs transfected with specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting NOX4. Taken together, these results suggest that a NOX4-dependent pathway plays an important role in regulating the inhibitory effect of QYGS. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of QYYYG and their role in the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy.

  19. Differential algebras in field theory and their anomalies: two examples

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stora, R.

    1986-06-01

    The expression of gauge symmetries in local field theory proceeds via the construction of some differential algebras as was remarked some ten years ago. The construction relevant to Yang Mills theories is recalled. As another popular example, we have chosen to describe the covariant quantization of the free bosonic string in the metric background gauge

  20. Algebraic renormalization of Yang-Mills theory with background field method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grassi, P.A.

    1996-01-01

    In this paper the renormalizability of Yang-Mills theory in the background gauge fixing is studied. By means of Ward identities of background gauge invariance and Slavnov-Taylor identities, in a regularization-independent way, the stability of the model under radiative corrections is proved and its renormalizability is verified. In particular, it is shown that the splitting between background and quantum field is stable under radiative corrections and this splitting does not introduce any new anomalies. (orig.)

  1. Journal of Genetics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Journal of Genetics; Volume 96; Online resources. Population genetic diversity of marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmoratus)inferred from mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analysis. CHENG ZHAO XIAOPING ZHU YICHUN GU QINTAO WANG ZECHENG LI SHAOWU YIN. ONLINE RESOURCES Volume 96 ...

  2. A new quantum representation for canonical gravity and SU(2) Yang-Mills theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Loll, R.

    1990-04-01

    Starting from Rovelli-Smolin's infinite-dimensional graded Poisson-bracket algebra of loop variables, we propose a new way of constructing a corresponding quantum representation. After eliminating certain quadratic constraints, we 'integrate' an infinite-dimensional subalgebra of loop variables, using a formal group law expansion. With the help of techniques from the representation theory of semidirect-product groups, we find an exact quantum representation of the full classical Poisson-bracket algebra of loop variables, without any higher-order correction terms. This opens new ways of tackling the quantum dynamics for both canonical gravity and Yang-Mills theory. (orig.)

  3. A new quantum representation for canonical gravity and SU(2) Yang-Mills theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Loll, R.

    1991-01-01

    Starting from Rovelli-Smolin's infinite-dimensional graded Poisson-bracket algebra of loop variables, we propose a new way of constructing a corresponding quantum representation. After eliminating certain quadratic constraints, we 'integrate' an infinite-dimensional subalgebra of loop variables, using a formal group law expansion. With the help of techniques from the representation theory of semidirect-product groups, we find an exact quantum representation of the full classical Poisson-bracket algebra of loop variables, without any higher-order correction terms. This opens new ways of tackling the quantum dynamics for both canonical gravity and Yang-Mills theory. (orig.)

  4. [Effect of Shouwu Shudi Yin on dopaminegic neurons in MPTP induced Parkinson's disease mouse model].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tunje, Reginachizi; Ye, Yang-Lie; Sonauddin, Ahmed; Hansraj, Bhugun; Ngawang, Sangye; Shivani, Sharma; Zhang, Xiong; Zhu, Jian-Hong; Liu, Rong-Pei

    2016-09-01

    In order to investigate the effect of Shouwu Shudi Yin on dopaminegic neurons in MPTP induced Parkinson's disease mouse model and the possible mechamism, the experimental mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, Shouwu Shudi Yin, MPTP and the treatment (MPTP+Shouwu Shudi Yin) groups. The number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive cells in the substantia nigra was measured by immunohistochemistry, and mRNA expression of TH and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were detected by PCR. The results showed that the number of TH positive cells and mRNA expression of TH were significantly reduced in MPTP group compared with the control (PYin didn't show protective effect. Compared to MPTP group, the mRNA expression of four subtypes of GPX were increased in various degrees in the treatment group pretreated with Shouwu Shudi Yin, although the difference was not statistically significant. These indicated that the preventive medication of Shouwu Shudi Yin don't have protective effect on the mice with Parkinson' s disease induced by MPTP, but it may enhance the antioxidant capacity through increasing the expression of GPX. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

  5. [Effect of extracts from Dendrobii ifficinalis flos on hyperthyroidism Yin deficiency mice].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lei, Shan-shan; Lv, Gui-yuan; Jin, Ze-wu; Li, Bo; Yang, Zheng-biao; Chen, Su-hong

    2015-05-01

    Some unhealthy life habits, such as long-term smoking, heavy drinking, sexual overstrain and frequent stay-up could induce the Yin deficiency symptoms of zygomatic red and dysphoria. Stems of Dendrobii officinalis flos (DOF) showed the efficacy of nourishing Yin. In this study, the hyperthyroidism Yin deficiency model was set up to study the yin nourishing effect and action mechanism of DOF, in order to provide the pharmacological basis for developing DOF resources and decreasing resource wastes. ICR mice were divided into five groups: the normal control group, the model control group, the positive control group and DOF extract groups (6.4 g · kg(-1)). Except for the normal group, the other groups were administrated with thyroxine for 30 d to set up the hyperthyroidism yin deficiency model. At the same time, the other groups were administrated with the corresponding drugs for 30 d. After administration for 4 weeks, the signs (facial temperature, pain domain, heart rate and autonomic activity) in mice were measured, and the facial and ear micro-circulation blood flow were detected by laser Doppler technology. After the last administration, all mice were fasted for 12 hours, blood were collected from their orbits, and serum were separated to detect AST, ALT, TG and TP by the automatic biochemistry analyzer and test T3, T4 and TSH levels by ELISA. (1) Compared with the normal control group, the model control group showed significant increases in facial and ear micro-circulation blood flow, facial temperature and heart rate (P effects by impacting thyroxin substance metabolism, improving micro-circulation and reducing heart rate.

  6. Yin Zhi Huang and other plant-derived preparations: where herbal and molecular medicine meet

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Elferink, Ronald Oude

    2004-01-01

    Yin Zhi Huang, a decoction of Yin Chin (Artemisia capillaris) and three other herbs, is widely used in Asia to prevent and treat neonatal jaundice. We recently identified the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR113) as a key regulator of bilirubin clearance in the liver. Here we show that

  7. Algebraic aspects of exact models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gaudin, M.

    1983-01-01

    Spin chains, 2-D spin lattices, chemical crystals, and particles in delta function interaction share the same underlying structures: the applicability of Bethe's superposition ansatz for wave functions, the commutativity of transfer matrices, and the existence of a ternary operator algebra. The appearance of these structures and interrelations from the eight vortex model, for delta function interreacting particles of general spin, and for spin 1/2, are outlined as follows: I. Eight Vortex Model. Equivalences to Ising model and the dimer system. Transfer matrix and symmetry of the Self Conjugate model. Relation between the XYZ Hamiltonian and the transfer matrix. One parameter family of commuting transfer matrices. A representation of the symmetric group spin. Diagonalization of the transfer matrix. The Coupled Spectrum equations. II. Identical particles with Delta Function interaction. The Bethe ansatz. Yang's representation. The Ternary Algebra and intergrability. III. Identical particles with delta function interaction: general solution for two internal states. The problem of spin 1/2 fermions. The Operator method

  8. 75 FR 3781 - Culturally Significant Object Imported for Exhibition; Determinations: “Projects 92: Yin Xiuzhen”

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-22

    ... DEPARTMENT OF STATE [Public Notice 6884] Culturally Significant Object Imported for Exhibition; Determinations: ``Projects 92: Yin Xiuzhen'' SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given of the following determinations... ``Projects 92: Yin Xiuzhen,'' imported from abroad for temporary exhibition within the United States, is of...

  9. On generalized Yang-Mills theories and extensions of the standard model in Clifford (tensorial) spaces

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Castro, Carlos

    2006-01-01

    We construct the Clifford-space tensorial-gauge fields generalizations of Yang-Mills theories and the Standard Model that allows to predict the existence of new particles (bosons, fermions) and tensor-gauge fields of higher-spins in the 10 Tev regime. We proceed with a detailed discussion of the unique D 4 - D 5 - E 6 - E 7 - E 8 model of Smith based on the underlying Clifford algebraic structures in D = 8, and which furnishes all the properties of the Standard Model and Gravity in four-dimensions, at low energies. A generalization and extension of Smith's model to the full Clifford-space is presented when we write explicitly all the terms of the extended Clifford-space Lagrangian. We conclude by explaining the relevance of multiple-foldings of D = 8 dimensions related to the modulo 8 periodicity of the real Cliford algebras and display the interplay among Clifford, Division, Jordan, and Exceptional algebras, within the context of D = 26, 27, 28 dimensions, corresponding to bosonic string, M and F theory, respectively, advanced earlier by Smith. To finalize we describe explicitly how the E 8 x E 8 Yang-Mills theory can be obtained from a Gauge Theory based on the Clifford (16) group

  10. Coherent multi-octave spanning supercontinuum in tapered sulphide fibres

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kubat, Irnis; Mägi, Eric; Hu, Tomonori

    A novel frequency comb design is proposed based on a newly developed ultrafast 3µm mid-infrared laser in conjunction with micro-taper chalcogenide fibre. The novel design allows for an all-fibre laser source yielding up to three octave coherent supercontinuum. The design is the first step in real...

  11. Unified Maxwell-Einstein and Yang-Mills-Einstein supergravity theories in five dimensions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guenaydin, Murat; Zagermann, Marco

    2003-01-01

    Unified N = 2 Maxwell-Einstein supergravity theories (MESGTs) are supergravity theories in which all the vector fields, including the graviphoton, transform in an irreducible representation of a simple global symmetry group of the Lagrangian. As was established long time ago, in five dimensions there exist only four unified Maxwell-Einstein supergravity theories whose target manifolds are symmetric spaces. These theories are defined by the four simple euclidean Jordan algebras of degree three. In this paper, we show that, in addition to these four unified MESGTs with symmetric target spaces, there exist three infinite families of unified MESGTs as well as another exceptional one. These novel unified MESGTs are defined by non-compact (minkowskian) Jordan algebras, and their target spaces are in general neither symmetric nor homogeneous. The members of one of these three infinite families can be gauged in such a way as to obtain an infinite family of unified N = 2 Yang-Mills-Einstein supergravity theories, in which all vector fields transform in the adjoint representation of a simple gauge group of the type SU(N,1). The corresponding gaugings in the other two infinite families lead to Yang-Mills-Einstein supergravity theories coupled to tensor multiplets. (author)

  12. [A Study on the quotations in the Wu xing da yi (The Gist of Five Phases) cited from Nei jing (Inner Canon)].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Zheng-Shan; Zhang, Qi-Cheng

    2013-07-01

    In the Wu xing da yi (The Gist of Five Phases), written by Xiao Ji of the Sui Dynasty, there were 9 quotations cited from Huang di nei jing (Inner Canon of Huangdi). By comparison with current version of Huang di nei jing, most of the descriptions are similar, yet still with some differences, such as yin-yang nature of the five zang visceras, the liver being the root of "pi ji", the spleen being the root of "cang lin" etc. Wu xing da yi epitomizes the books about yin-yang and five phases before the Sui Dynasty, while Xiao Ji's quotations from Huang di nei jing interpreted from the views of yin-yang and five phases, are different from the annotations of later ages.

  13. Fusion algebras of logarithmic minimal models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rasmussen, Joergen; Pearce, Paul A

    2007-01-01

    We present explicit conjectures for the chiral fusion algebras of the logarithmic minimal models LM(p,p') considering Virasoro representations with no enlarged or extended symmetry algebra. The generators of fusion are countably infinite in number but the ensuing fusion rules are quasi-rational in the sense that the fusion of a finite number of representations decomposes into a finite direct sum of representations. The fusion rules are commutative, associative and exhibit an sl(2) structure but require so-called Kac representations which are typically reducible yet indecomposable representations of rank 1. In particular, the identity of the fundamental fusion algebra p ≠ 1 is a reducible yet indecomposable Kac representation of rank 1. We make detailed comparisons of our fusion rules with the results of Gaberdiel and Kausch for p = 1 and with Eberle and Flohr for (p, p') = (2, 5) corresponding to the logarithmic Yang-Lee model. In the latter case, we confirm the appearance of indecomposable representations of rank 3. We also find that closure of a fundamental fusion algebra is achieved without the introduction of indecomposable representations of rank higher than 3. The conjectured fusion rules are supported, within our lattice approach, by extensive numerical studies of the associated integrable lattice models. Details of our lattice findings and numerical results will be presented elsewhere. The agreement of our fusion rules with the previous fusion rules lends considerable support for the identification of the logarithmic minimal models LM(p,p') with the augmented c p,p' (minimal) models defined algebraically

  14. The dynamical Yang-Baxter equation, representation theory, and quantum integrable systems

    CERN Document Server

    Etingof, Pavel

    2005-01-01

    The text is based on an established graduate course given at MIT that provides an introduction to the theory of the dynamical Yang-Baxter equation and its applications, which is an important area in representation theory and quantum groups. The book, which contains many detailed proofs and explicit calculations, will be accessible to graduate students of mathematics, who are familiar with the basics of representation theory of semisimple Lie algebras.

  15. Differential algebras in field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stora, R.

    1988-01-01

    The applications of differential algebras, as mathematical tools, in field theory are reviewed. The Yang-Mills theories are recalled and the free bosonic string model is treated. Moreover, in the scope of the work, the following topics are discussed: the Faddeev Popov fixed action, in a Feynman like gauge; the structure of local anomalies, including the algebric and the topological theories; the problem of quantizing a degenerate state; and the zero mode problem, in the treatment of the bosonic string conformal gauge. The analysis leads to the conclusion that not much is known about situations where a non involutive distribution is involved

  16. Algebraic structure of open string interactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ramond, P.; Rodgers, V.G.J.

    1986-05-01

    Starting from the gauge invariant equations of motion for the free open string we show how to generate interactions by analogy with Yang-Mills. We postulate Non-Abelian transformation laws acting on the fields of the gauge invariant free open string theory. By demanding algebraic closure we then derive a set of consistency requirements and show that they lead to the construction of the minimal interacting equations which contain no cubic terms away from the physical gauge. We present explicit solutions to lowest interacting order for both vertices and structure functions. 14 refs

  17. Algebraic structure of open-string interactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ramond, P.; Rodgers, V.G.J.

    1986-01-01

    Starting from the gauge-invariant equations of motion for the free open string we show how to generate interactions by analogy with the Yang-Mills system. We postulate non-Abelian transformation laws acting on the fields of the gauge-invariant free open-string theory. By demanding algebraic closure we then derive a set of consistency requirements and show that they lead to the construction of the minimal interacting equations which contain no cubic terms away from the physical gauge. We present explicit solutions to lowest interacting order for both vertices and structure functions

  18. Observation of an octave-spanning supercontinuum in the mid-infrared using ultrafast cascaded nonlinearities

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bache, Morten; Liu, Xing; Zhou, Binbin

    2014-01-01

    An octave-spanning mid-IR supercontinuum is observed experimentally using ultrafast cascaded nonlinearities in an LiInS2 quadratic nonlinear crystal pumped with 70 fs energetic mid-IR pulses and cut for strongly phase-mismatched second-harmonic generation. ©OSA 2014.......An octave-spanning mid-IR supercontinuum is observed experimentally using ultrafast cascaded nonlinearities in an LiInS2 quadratic nonlinear crystal pumped with 70 fs energetic mid-IR pulses and cut for strongly phase-mismatched second-harmonic generation. ©OSA 2014....

  19. Relations between Eastern four pillars theory and Western measures of personality traits.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jung, Seung Ah; Yang, Chang Soon

    2015-05-01

    The present study investigated the validity of personality classification using four pillars theory, a tradition in China and northeastern Asia. Four pillars analyses were performed for 148 adults on the basis of their birth year, month, day, and hour. Participants completed two personality tests, the Korean version of Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised-Short Version (TCI) and the Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems; scores were correlated with four pillars classification elements. Mean difference tests (e.g., t-test, ANOVA) were compared with groups classified by four pillars index. There were no significant correlations between personality scale scores and total yin/yang number (i.e., the 8 heavenly or earthly stems), and no significant between-groups results for classifications by yin/yang day stem and the five elements. There were significant but weak (r=0.18-0.29) correlations between the five elements and personality scale scores. For the six gods and personality scales, there were significant but weak (r=0.18-0.25) correlations. Features predicted by four pillars theory were most consistent when participants were grouped according to the yin/yang of the day stem and dominance of yin/yang numbers in the eight heavenly or earthly stems. Although the major criteria of four pillars theory were not independently correlated with personality scale scores, correlations emerged when participants were grouped according to the composite yin/yang variable. Our results suggest the utility of four pillars theory (beyond fortune telling or astrology) for classifying personality traits and making behavioral predictions.

  20. Relations between Eastern Four Pillars Theory and Western Measures of Personality Traits

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jung, Seung Ah

    2015-01-01

    Purpose The present study investigated the validity of personality classification using four pillars theory, a tradition in China and northeastern Asia. Materials and Methods Four pillars analyses were performed for 148 adults on the basis of their birth year, month, day, and hour. Participants completed two personality tests, the Korean version of Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised-Short Version (TCI) and the Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems; scores were correlated with four pillars classification elements. Mean difference tests (e.g., t-test, ANOVA) were compared with groups classified by four pillars index. Results There were no significant correlations between personality scale scores and total yin/yang number (i.e., the 8 heavenly or earthly stems), and no significant between-groups results for classifications by yin/yang day stem and the five elements. There were significant but weak (r=0.18-0.29) correlations between the five elements and personality scale scores. For the six gods and personality scales, there were significant but weak (r=0.18-0.25) correlations. Features predicted by four pillars theory were most consistent when participants were grouped according to the yin/yang of the day stem and dominance of yin/yang numbers in the eight heavenly or earthly stems. Conclusion Although the major criteria of four pillars theory were not independently correlated with personality scale scores, correlations emerged when participants were grouped according to the composite yin/yang variable. Our results suggest the utility of four pillars theory (beyond fortune telling or astrology) for classifying personality traits and making behavioral predictions. PMID:25837175

  1. Journal of Genetics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Journal of Genetics. XUYE DU. Articles written in Journal of Genetics. Volume 94 Issue 2 June 2015 pp 323-327 Research Note. Cloning and characterization of novel fast ω -gliadin genes in Triticum monococcum · Xuye Du Jinglan Zhao Xin Ma Huayan Yin Hongwei Wang Anfei Li Lingrang Kong.

  2. Genetic diversity and population structure of Chinese honeybees ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Genetic diversity and population structure of Chinese honeybees (Apis cerana) under microsatellite markers. T Ji, L Yin, G Chen. Abstract. Using 21 microsatellite markers and PCR method, the polymorphisms of 20 Apis cerana honeybee populations across China was investigated and the genetic structure and diversity of ...

  3. The K-Z Equation and the Quantum-Group Difference Equation in Quantum Self-dual Yang-Mills Theory

    OpenAIRE

    Chau, Ling-Lie; Yamanaka, Itaru

    1995-01-01

    From the time-independent current $\\tcj(\\bar y,\\bar k)$ in the quantum self-dual Yang-Mills (SDYM) theory, we construct new group-valued quantum fields $\\tilde U(\\bar y,\\bar k)$ and $\\bar U^{-1}(\\bar y,\\bar k)$ which satisfy a set of exchange algebras such that fields of $\\tcj(\\bar y,\\bar k)\\sim\\tilde U(\\bar y,\\bar k)~\\partial\\bar y~\\tilde U^{-1}(\\bar y,\\bar k)$ satisfy the original time-independent current algebras. For the correlation functions of the products of the $\\tilde U(\\bar y,\\bar k...

  4. Gauge theories of Yang-Mills vector fields coupled to antisymmetric tensor fields

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anco, Stephen C.

    2003-01-01

    A non-Abelian class of massless/massive nonlinear gauge theories of Yang-Mills vector potentials coupled to Freedman-Townsend antisymmetric tensor potentials is constructed in four space-time dimensions. These theories involve an extended Freedman-Townsend-type coupling between the vector and tensor fields, and a Chern-Simons mass term with the addition of a Higgs-type coupling of the tensor fields to the vector fields in the massive case. Geometrical, field theoretic, and algebraic aspects of the theories are discussed in detail. In particular, the geometrical structure mixes and unifies features of Yang-Mills theory and Freedman-Townsend theory formulated in terms of Lie algebra valued curvatures and connections associated to the fields and nonlinear field strengths. The theories arise from a general determination of all possible geometrical nonlinear deformations of linear Abelian gauge theory for one-form fields and two-form fields with an Abelian Chern-Simons mass term in four dimensions. For this type of deformation (with typical assumptions on the allowed form considered for terms in the gauge symmetries and field equations), an explicit classification of deformation terms at first-order is obtained, and uniqueness of deformation terms at all higher orders is proven. This leads to a uniqueness result for the non-Abelian class of theories constructed here

  5. Yang Mills instantons, geometrical aspects

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stora, R.

    1977-09-01

    The word instanton has been coined by analogy with the word soliton. They both refer to solutions of elliptic non linear field equations with boundary conditions at infinity (of euclidean space time in the first case, euclidean space in the second case) lying on the set of classical vacua in such a way that stable topological properties emerge, susceptible to survive quantum effects, if those are small. Under this assumption, instantons are believed to be relevant to the description of tunnelling effects between classical vacua and signal some characteristics of the vacuum at the quantum level, whereas solitons should be associated with particles, i.e. discrete points in the mass spectrum. In one case the euclidean action is finite, in the other case, the energy is finite. From the mathematical point of view, the geometrical phenomena associated with the existence of solitons have forced physicists to learn rudiments of algebraic topology. The study of euclidean classical Yang Mills fields involves naturally mathematical items falling under the headings: differential geometry (fibre bundles, connections); differential topology (characteristic classes, index theory) and more recently algebraic geometry. These notes are divided as follows: a first section is devoted to a description of the physicist's views; a second section is devoted to the mathematician's vie

  6. Equations of motion of interacting massless fields of all spins as a free differential algebra

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vasiliev, M A

    1988-08-11

    It is argued that the equations of motion of interacting massless fields of all spins s=0, 1, ..., infinity can naturally be formulated in terms of a free differential algebra (FDA) constructed from one-forms and zero-forms that belong both to the adjoint representation of the infinite-dimensional superalgebra of higher spins and auxiliary fields proposed previously. This FDA is found explicitly in the first non-trivial order in the zero-forms. Various properties of the proposed FDA are discussed including the ways for incorporating internal (Yang-Mills) gauge symmetries via associative algebras.

  7. Solutions to Yang-Baxter equation for the spinor representations of q-Bl

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hou Boyuan; Ma Zhongqi.

    1990-10-01

    In this paper, both trigonometric and rational solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation associated with the spinor representations of the quantum B l universal enveloping algebras are obtained. The corresponding representations of the braid group and the link polynomials are also computed through a standard method. The quantum Clebsch-Gordan matrix, the quantum projectors and the solutions associated with the spinor representation of the quantum B 3 are presented explicitly. (author). 16 refs, 2 tabs

  8. [Effects of the Chinese herbal extract Songyou Yin on the residual hepatocellular carcinoma after chemotherapy in nude mice].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiong, Wei; Tang, Zhao-you; Ren, Zheng-gang; Huang, Xiu-yan; Jia, Qing-an; Xie, Xiao-ying; Shen, Hu-jia

    2013-11-01

    To investigate the effects of a Chinese herbal extract Songyou Yin on residual hepatocellular carcinoma after chemotherapy in nude mice and the relevant mechanisms. Orthotopic nude mouse models bearing residual hepatocellular carcinoma after chemotherapy was established using human liver carcinoma MHCC97L cells. Three different doses of Songyon Yin (2.1 g/kg, 4.2 g/kg and 8.4 g/kg) were administered to the mice in the trial groups by intragastric gavage, respectively. The mice in the control group were administered physiological saline. The tumor growth, metastasis and survival in the mice of each group were recorded. The corresponding mechanisms were studied. The pulmonary metastasis rates of the control group and 2.1g/kg, 4.2g/kg, 8.4g/kg Songyou Yin treatment group were 86.7%, 73.3%, 40.0%, and 20.0%, respectively, and the survivals of these groups were 53.83 ± 4.71, 56.50 ± 6.09, 66.67 ± 5.61, 81.17 ± 7.36 days, respectively. Compared with the mice in the control group, mice in the 4.2 g/kg, 8.4 g/kg Songyou Yin treatment groups had a lower pulmonary metastasis rate (P = 0.021 and P = 0.001, respectively) and longer survival (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively). A restoration of E-cadherin expression and a concomitant reduction of N-cadherin expression were detected in the tumors of the 4.2 g/kg and 8.4 g/kg Songyou Yin treatment groups. Songyou Yin effectively inhibits the invasion and metastasis of the residual hepatocellular carcinoma after chemotherapy in nude mice through attenuating the epithelia-mesenchymal transition and prolongs the survival. Songyon Yin may have potential to promote the efficacy of chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

  9. Moving towards a geocentric, polycultural theory of organizational paradox

    OpenAIRE

    Keller, J.; Lewis, M. W.

    2016-01-01

    Purpose\\ud This paper comments on “Global implications of the indigenous epistemological system from the east” (Li, 2016), which provides an indigenous Chinese perspective on organizational paradox. Li introduces Yin-Yang balancing as an epistemological system that can help scholars examine and practitioners manage paradoxes. In this commentary, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the merits of Yin-Yang balancing and how this approach and other indigenous theories might enrich organizatio...

  10. Covariant field equations, gauge fields and conservation laws from Yang-Mills matrix models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Steinacker, Harold

    2009-01-01

    The effective geometry and the gravitational coupling of nonabelian gauge and scalar fields on generic NC branes in Yang-Mills matrix models is determined. Covariant field equations are derived from the basic matrix equations of motions, known as Yang-Mills algebra. Remarkably, the equations of motion for the Poisson structure and for the nonabelian gauge fields follow from a matrix Noether theorem, and are therefore protected from quantum corrections. This provides a transparent derivation and generalization of the effective action governing the SU(n) gauge fields obtained in [1], including the would-be topological term. In particular, the IKKT matrix model is capable of describing 4-dimensional NC space-times with a general effective metric. Metric deformations of flat Moyal-Weyl space are briefly discussed.

  11. Vertex algebras and algebraic curves

    CERN Document Server

    Frenkel, Edward

    2004-01-01

    Vertex algebras are algebraic objects that encapsulate the concept of operator product expansion from two-dimensional conformal field theory. Vertex algebras are fast becoming ubiquitous in many areas of modern mathematics, with applications to representation theory, algebraic geometry, the theory of finite groups, modular functions, topology, integrable systems, and combinatorics. This book is an introduction to the theory of vertex algebras with a particular emphasis on the relationship with the geometry of algebraic curves. The notion of a vertex algebra is introduced in a coordinate-independent way, so that vertex operators become well defined on arbitrary smooth algebraic curves, possibly equipped with additional data, such as a vector bundle. Vertex algebras then appear as the algebraic objects encoding the geometric structure of various moduli spaces associated with algebraic curves. Therefore they may be used to give a geometric interpretation of various questions of representation theory. The book co...

  12. Algebraic partial Boolean algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Smith, Derek

    2003-01-01

    Partial Boolean algebras, first studied by Kochen and Specker in the 1960s, provide the structure for Bell-Kochen-Specker theorems which deny the existence of non-contextual hidden variable theories. In this paper, we study partial Boolean algebras which are 'algebraic' in the sense that their elements have coordinates in an algebraic number field. Several of these algebras have been discussed recently in a debate on the validity of Bell-Kochen-Specker theorems in the context of finite precision measurements. The main result of this paper is that every algebraic finitely-generated partial Boolean algebra B(T) is finite when the underlying space H is three-dimensional, answering a question of Kochen and showing that Conway and Kochen's infinite algebraic partial Boolean algebra has minimum dimension. This result contrasts the existence of an infinite (non-algebraic) B(T) generated by eight elements in an abstract orthomodular lattice of height 3. We then initiate a study of higher-dimensional algebraic partial Boolean algebras. First, we describe a restriction on the determinants of the elements of B(T) that are generated by a given set T. We then show that when the generating set T consists of the rays spanning the minimal vectors in a real irreducible root lattice, B(T) is infinite just if that root lattice has an A 5 sublattice. Finally, we characterize the rays of B(T) when T consists of the rays spanning the minimal vectors of the root lattice E 8

  13. Direct and octave-shifted pitch matching during nonword imitations in men, women, and children.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peter, Beate; Foster, Bronsyn; Haas, Heather; Middleton, Kyle; McKibben, Kiersten

    2015-03-01

    To evaluate whether children, women, and men match the speaker's fundamental frequency (F0) during nonword imitation directly when the target F0 is within the responders' vocal ranges and at octave-shifted levels when the target is outside their vocal ranges, and to evaluate the role of a history of speech sound disorder (SSD) in the adult participants. Observational. Nonword sets spoken by a man and a woman were imitated by 14 men, 21 women, and 19 children. Approximately half of the adults and two-thirds of the children had a history of SSD. F0 in the imitations was compared with that in the targets and in the participants' nonimitated control word productions. When the target F0 was within the responders' vocal ranges, the imitations approximated the target F0. Men imitating a woman's voice approximated F0 levels one octave below the target F0. Children imitating a man's voice approximated F0 levels one octave above the target F0. Women imitating a man's voice approximated the target F0 at a ratio of 1.5 known as the perfect fifth in music. A history of SSD did not influence the results. This study replicates previous findings showing that target F0 was a salient aspect of the stimuli that was imitated along with the targets' segmental and prosodic components without explicit prompting. It is the first to show F0 convergence not only directly but also at relevant target/imitation intervals including the octave interval. Copyright © 2015 The Voice Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. Electron–phonon superconductivity in YIn3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Billington, D; Llewellyn-Jones, T M; Maroso, G; Dugdale, S B

    2013-01-01

    First-principles calculations of the electron–phonon coupling were performed on the cubic intermetallic compound YIn 3 . The electron–phonon coupling constant was found to be λ ep = 0.42. Using the Allen–Dynes formula with a Coulomb pseudopotential of μ* = 0.10, a T c of approximately 0.77 K is obtained which is reasonably consistent with the experimentally observed temperature (between 0.8 and 1.1 K). The results indicate that conventional electron–phonon coupling is capable of producing the superconductivity in this compound. (paper)

  15. Electron-phonon superconductivity in YIn3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Billington, D.; Llewellyn-Jones, T. M.; Maroso, G.; Dugdale, S. B.

    2013-08-01

    First-principles calculations of the electron-phonon coupling were performed on the cubic intermetallic compound YIn3. The electron-phonon coupling constant was found to be λep = 0.42. Using the Allen-Dynes formula with a Coulomb pseudopotential of μ* = 0.10, a Tc of approximately 0.77 K is obtained which is reasonably consistent with the experimentally observed temperature (between 0.8 and 1.1 K). The results indicate that conventional electron-phonon coupling is capable of producing the superconductivity in this compound.

  16. Hamiltonian structure, (anti-)self-adjoint flows in the KP hierarchy and the W1+∞ and W∞ algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yu Feng; Wu Yongshi

    1991-01-01

    The extended conformal W N algebras are known to be related to the generalized KdV hierarchies through their second hamiltonian structure. In this letter we discuss the relationship between the large-N limits of the W N algebras and the KP hierarchy which contains all generalized KdV hierarchies. We show that the Poisson bracket algebra corresponding to the hamiltonian structure found by Watanabe for the KP hierarchy is isomorphic to the classical (or centerless) W 1+∞ algebra, and it contains a subalgebra which is isomorphic to the W ∞ algebra. Moreover, the usual generators of W 1+∞ and W ∞ are explicitly expressed in terms of the KP currents, and are shown to relate in a simple way to certain KP flows satisfying a sort of (anti-)self-duality. Our results not only clarify the underlying algebraic structure of the KP hierarchy, but also hint about a possible relationship between the latter and 4D self-dual Yang-Mills equations or gravity. (orig.)

  17. KARAKTERISASI GENETIKA RUMPUT LAUT Kappaphycus alvarezii YANG DIBUDIDAYAKAN DI SULAWESI SELATAN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andi Parenrengi

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Karakterisasi genetika rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui variasi genetika rumput laut K. alvarezii dari beberapa lokasi budi daya di Sulawesi Selatan yakni Polmas, Pinrang, Takalar, dan Bantaeng. Sampel dipreservasi dengan menggunakan larutan TNES-Urea sebelum ekstraksi DNA. Ekstraksi genom DNA dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode konvensional fenol-khloroform. Amplifikasi DNA dilakukan dengan teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR. Untuk dokumentasi riset, hasil PCR dielektroforesis pada agarosa gel dengan menggunakan buffer TBE. Data dianalisis menggunakan program Tools for Population Genetic Analyses (TFPGA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima “primers” (P-40, P-50, DALRP, Ca01, dan Ca-02 yang digunakan dapat menghasilkan beberapa fragmen spesifik yang mengindikasikan fragmen spesifik spesies dan lokasi budi daya K. alvarezii. Keragaan genetika intra dan inter lokasi rumput laut menunjukkan variasi yang relatif kecil yang ditandai dengan rendahnya perbedaan jumlah/ukuran fragmen DNA, polimorfisme, indeks similaritas, dan jarak genetikanya. Total fragmen yang didapatkan dari lima primer adalah 47—55 pada ukuran fragmen 175—2.600 bp, sedangkan polimorfisme dan indeks similaritas masing-masing adalah 3,6%—31,0% dan 0,79%—0,99%. Jarak genetika antar beberapa lokasi K. alvarezii berkisar antara 0,1758—0,5689 di mana kekerabatan yang terdekat didapatkan antara Takalar dan Bantaeng. Genetic characterization of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii was observed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD technique to reveal the genetic variability of seaweed from different locations in South Sulawesi. The sample of farmed seaweed K. alvarezii was collected from Polmas, Pinrang, Takalar, and Bantaeng. Genomic DNA was extracted by using the conventional method of phenol-chloroform. Sample was preserved by TNES-Urea buffer prior to

  18. Extended pure Yang-Mills gauge theories with scalar and tensor gauge fields

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gabrielli, E.

    1991-01-01

    The usual abelian gauge theory is extended to an interacting Yang-Mills-like theory containing vector, scalar and tensor gauge fields. These gauge fields are seen as components along the Clifford algebra basis of a gauge vector-spinorial field. Scalar fields φ naturally coupled to vector and tensor fields have been found, leading to a natural φ 4 coupling in the lagrangian. The full expression of the lagrangian for the euclidean version of the theory is given. (orig.)

  19. New insights into the tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas for the treatment of osteoporosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    He, Jian-Bo; Chen, Mei-Hui; Lin, Ding-Kun

    2017-12-01

    Osteoporosis is characterized by an increasing osseous fragility and fracture resulting from the low mass and deteriorated microarchitecture in the bone tissue. The hormone replacement therapy and alendronate were frequently used to treat osteoporosis as the primary therapeutic strategy, but their adverse effects have severely limited their extensive clinical application, therefore, it is urgent to develop alternative or complementary therapeutic agents for anti-osteoporosis. Interestingly, with more people focusing on the complementary and alternative medicine, traditional Chinese herbs and formulas are being gradually recognized as safe and effective agents in the treatment of osteoporosis. In particular, a notable trend is that increasing studies are making efforts to clarify the anti-osteoporotic effects and mechanism of the tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas, a category of agents identified as effective therapy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to comprehensively review the tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas that have been reported in the treatment of osteoporosis as well as how the agents play their roles in detail. This current study not only will advance our understanding of the actions of tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas, but also provide new evidence for the clinic use of the tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas in the treatment of osteoporosis.

  20. An Open-source Toolbox for Analysing and Processing PhysioNet Databases in MATLAB and Octave.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Silva, Ikaro; Moody, George B

    The WaveForm DataBase (WFDB) Toolbox for MATLAB/Octave enables integrated access to PhysioNet's software and databases. Using the WFDB Toolbox for MATLAB/Octave, users have access to over 50 physiological databases in PhysioNet. The toolbox provides access over 4 TB of biomedical signals including ECG, EEG, EMG, and PLETH. Additionally, most signals are accompanied by metadata such as medical annotations of clinical events: arrhythmias, sleep stages, seizures, hypotensive episodes, etc. Users of this toolbox should easily be able to reproduce, validate, and compare results published based on PhysioNet's software and databases.

  1. Gauge fields in algebraically special space-times

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Torres del Castillo, G.F.

    1985-01-01

    It is shown that in an algebraically special space-time which admits a congruence of null strings, a source-free gauge field aligned with the congruence is determined by a matrix potential which has to satisfy a second-order differential equation with quadratic nonlinearities. The Einstein--Yang--Mills equations are then reduced to a scalar and two matrix equations. In the case of self-dual gauge fields in a self-dual space-time, the existence of an infinite set of conservation laws, of an associated linear system, and of infinitesimal Baecklund transformations is demonstrated. All the results apply for an arbitrary gauge group

  2. Linear Algebra and Smarandache Linear Algebra

    OpenAIRE

    Vasantha, Kandasamy

    2003-01-01

    The present book, on Smarandache linear algebra, not only studies the Smarandache analogues of linear algebra and its applications, it also aims to bridge the need for new research topics pertaining to linear algebra, purely in the algebraic sense. We have introduced Smarandache semilinear algebra, Smarandache bilinear algebra and Smarandache anti-linear algebra and their fuzzy equivalents. Moreover, in this book, we have brought out the study of linear algebra and vector spaces over finite p...

  3. Introduction to vertex algebras, Borcherds algebras and the Monster Lie algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gebert, R.W.

    1993-09-01

    The theory of vertex algebras constitutes a mathematically rigorous axiomatic formulation of the algebraic origins of conformal field theory. In this context Borcherds algebras arise as certain ''physical'' subspaces of vertex algebras. The aim of this review is to give a pedagogical introduction into this rapidly-developing area of mathematics. Based on the machinery of formal calculus we present the axiomatic definition of vertex algebras. We discuss the connection with conformal field theory by deriving important implications of these axioms. In particular, many explicit calculations are presented to stress the eminent role of the Jacobi identity axiom for vertex algebras. As a class of concrete examples the vertex algebras associated with even lattices are constructed and it is shown in detail how affine Lie algebras and the fake Monster Lie algebra naturally appear. This leads us to the abstract definition of Borcherds algebras as generalized Kac-Moody algebras and their basic properties. Finally, the results about the simplest generic Borcherds algebras are analysed from the point of view of symmetry in quantum theory and the construction of the Monster Lie algebra is sketched. (orig.)

  4. Maxwell, Yang-Mills, Weyl and eikonal fields defined by any null shear-free congruence

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kassandrov, Vladimir V.; Rizcallah, Joseph A.

    We show that (specifically scaled) equations of shear-free null geodesic congruences on the Minkowski space-time possess intrinsic self-dual, restricted gauge and algebraic structures. The complex eikonal, Weyl 2-spinor, SL(2, ℂ) Yang-Mills and complex Maxwell fields, the latter produced by integer-valued electric charges (“elementary” for the Kerr-like congruences), can all be explicitly associated with any shear-free null geodesic congruence. Using twistor variables, we derive the general solution of the equations of the shear-free null geodesic congruence (as a modification of the Kerr theorem) and analyze the corresponding “particle-like” field distributions, with bounded singularities of the associated physical fields. These can be obtained in a straightforward algebraic way and exhibit nontrivial collective dynamics simulating physical interactions.

  5. The two-parameter deformation of GL(2), its differential calculus, and Lie algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schirrmacher, A.; Wess, J.

    1991-01-01

    The Yang-Baxter equation is solved in two dimensions giving rise to a two-parameter deformation of GL(2). The transformation properties of quantum planes are briefly discussed. Non-central determinant and inverse are constructed. A right-invariant differential calculus is presented and the role of the different deformation parameters investigated. While the corresponding Lie algebra relations are simply deformed, the comultiplication exhibits both quantization parameters. (orig.)

  6. [The historical materials of stomatology in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin-Shang Dynasties].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Xiaojun; Zhu, Lang

    2015-07-01

    Some oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin-Shang Dynasties were related to the stomatology, including special terms of diseases of the mouth, tongue and teeth which were classified, and proper nouns of some special diseases. Moreover, witch doctors' exploration for the causes of oral diseases, the observation on different stages of oral diseases, and the records of oral disease treatment were also involved. All of these reflected the sprouting stage of stomatology in the Yin-Shang Dynasties in ancient China.

  7. Generating functional for Donaldson invariants and operator algebra in topological D=4 Yang-Mills theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Johansen, A.A.

    1992-01-01

    It is shown, that under the certain constraints the generating functional for the Donaldson invariants in the D=4 topological Yang-Mills theory can be interpreted as a partition function for the renormalizable theory. 20 refs

  8. High-throughput LC-MS method for the rapid characterization of multiple chemical constituents and metabolites of Da-Bu-Yin-Wan.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Xianna; Sun, Hui; Zhang, Aihua; Liu, Zhidong; Zou, Di; Song, Yanhua; Liu, Liang; Wang, Xijun

    2017-11-01

    Traditional Chinese medicine is the clinical experience accumulated by Chinese people against diseases. Da-Bu-Yin-Wan is a famous traditional Chinese medicine formula consisting of Phellodendri amurensis Rupr., Anemarrhenae asphodeloides Bge., Radix Rehmanniae Preparata and Chinemys reevesii. In this study, ultra high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight high-definition mass spectrometry with the control software of Masslynx (V4.1) was established for comprehensive screening and identification of the chemical constituents and serum metabolites of Da-Bu-Yin-Wan in vivo and in vitro. Consequently, 70 peaks in the methanol extract from Da-Bu-Yin-Wan and 38 peaks absorbed into rat blood were characterized. The 70 constituents in vitro included alkaloids, flavonoids, polysaccharide, limonoids, flavonoid, etc. And the 38 constituents consist of 22 absorbed prototypes and 16 metabolites of Da-Bu-Yin-Wan absorbed in vivo. We fully clarified the chemical constituents of Da-Bu-Yin-Wan and provided a scientific strategy for the screening and characterization of the chemical constituents and metabolites of traditional Chinese medicine in vitro and in vivo. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  9. Quantum W-algebras and elliptic algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feigin, B.; Kyoto Univ.; Frenkel, E.

    1996-01-01

    We define a quantum W-algebra associated to sl N as an associative algebra depending on two parameters. For special values of the parameters, this algebra becomes the ordinary W-algebra of sl N , or the q-deformed classical W-algebra of sl N . We construct free field realizations of the quantum W-algebras and the screening currents. We also point out some interesting elliptic structures arising in these algebras. In particular, we show that the screening currents satisfy elliptic analogues of the Drinfeld relations in U q (n). (orig.)

  10. Multi-octave analog photonic link with improved second- and third-order SFDRs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tan, Qinggui; Gao, Yongsheng; Fan, Yangyu; He, You

    2018-03-01

    The second- and third-order spurious free dynamic ranges (SFDRs) are two key performance indicators for a multi-octave analogy photonic link (APL). The linearization methods for either second- or third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD2 or IMD3) have been intensively studied, but the simultaneous suppression for the both were merely reported. In this paper, we propose an APL with improved second- and third-order SFDRs for multi-octave applications based on two parallel DPMZM-based sub-APLs. The IMD3 in each sub-APL is suppressed by properly biasing the DPMZM, and the IMD2 is suppressed by balanced detecting the two sub-APLs. The experiment demonstrates significant suppression ratios for both the IMD2 and IMD3 after linearization in the proposed link, and the measured second- and third-order SFDRs with the operating frequency from 6 to 40 GHz are above 91 dB ṡHz 1 / 2 and 116 dB ṡHz 2 / 3, respectively.

  11. Sigma-model formulation of the Yang-Mills theory on four-dimensional hypersphere

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ivanov, E.A.; Krivonos, S.O.

    1983-01-01

    The bilocal sigma-model representation is constructed for Yang-Mills theory in the simplest conformally flat hyperspherical spases SO(1, 4)/SO(1, 3), SO(2, 3)/SO(1, 3) and SO(5)/SO(4) (for the Euclidean Yang-Mills). Like in the case of Minkowski and Euclidean spaces, Yang-Mills potential is defined as bsub(μ)(x)=dsub(μ)sup(y)b(x, y)sub(y=0), b(x, y) being a bilocal Goldstone field which takes values in the gauge group algebra and is subjected to certain covariant constraints. The minimal version of these constraints results in the ''string'' representation for b(x, y) through the P exponential of bsub(μ)(x) along the fixed paths coinciding with geodesics. Due to the presence of closed geodesics, the contour functional naturally appear in the theory, with contours being the circles with the hypersphere radius. The sigma-model representation is shown to be Weyl-covariant: its formulations in different conformally flat spaces are related by transformations of ysup(rho). The geometric meaning ysup(rho) and minimal constraints is explained, and the conformal group transofrmation of ysup(rho) is found

  12. A nonlinear deformed su(2) algebra with a two-color quasitriangular Hopf structure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bonatsos, D.; Daskaloyannis, C.; Kolokotronis, P.; Ludu, A.; Quesne, C.

    1997-01-01

    Nonlinear deformations of the enveloping algebra of su(2), involving two arbitrary functions of J 0 and generalizing the Witten algebra, were introduced some time ago by Delbecq and Quesne. In the present paper, the problem of endowing some of them with a Hopf algebraic structure is addressed by studying in detail a specific example, referred to as scr(A) q + (1). This algebra is shown to possess two series of (N+1)-dimensional unitary irreducible representations, where N=0,1,2,hor-ellipsis. To allow the coupling of any two such representations, a generalization of the standard Hopf axioms is proposed by proceeding in two steps. In the first one, a variant and extension of the deforming functional technique is introduced: variant because a map between two deformed algebras, su q (2) and scr(A) q + (1), is considered instead of a map between a Lie algebra and a deformed one, and extension because use is made of a two-valued functional, whose inverse is singular. As a result, the Hopf structure of su q (2) is carried over to scr(A) q + (1), thereby endowing the latter with a double Hopf structure. In the second step, the definition of the coproduct, counit, antipode, and scr(R)-matrix is extended so that the double Hopf algebra is enlarged into a new algebraic structure. The latter is referred to as a two-color quasitriangular Hopf algebra because the corresponding scr(R)-matrix is a solution of the colored Yang endash Baxter equation, where the open-quotes colorclose quotes parameters take two discrete values associated with the two series of finite-dimensional representations. copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics

  13. [Experimental study on the effect of nourishing yin and tranquilizing of yangyin anshen koufuye].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhong, J; Wang, X; Cui, Y; Zhu, G; Meng, Y; Zhang, L; Yuang, X

    1999-10-01

    Yangyin Anshen Koufuye could obviously decrease the spontaneous activity of rats, effectively shorten the process of falling into sleep of normal rats which were injected pentobarbital sodium and prolong the sleeping time. The effect of sedation and hypnotism were the same as Zhaoren Anshen Koufuye. Yangyin Anshen Koufuye also could markedly reduce the serum tensity of T3, T4 of hyperthyroid rats, which equaled to TCM's deficiency of yin. It also could prevent the glycogen content of liver from decreasing, decrease heart rate, resist weight losing, thus to show the effect of nourishing Yin and tranquilizing.

  14. Recoupling Lie algebra and universal ω-algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Joyce, William P.

    2004-01-01

    We formulate the algebraic version of recoupling theory suitable for commutation quantization over any gradation. This gives a generalization of graded Lie algebra. Underlying this is the new notion of an ω-algebra defined in this paper. ω-algebra is a generalization of algebra that goes beyond nonassociativity. We construct the universal enveloping ω-algebra of recoupling Lie algebras and prove a generalized Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt theorem. As an example we consider the algebras over an arbitrary recoupling of Z n graded Heisenberg Lie algebra. Finally we uncover the usual coalgebra structure of a universal envelope and substantiate its Hopf structure

  15. Associative Yang-Baxter equation for quantum (semi-)dynamical R-matrices

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sechin, Ivan; Zotov, Andrei

    2016-01-01

    In this paper we propose versions of the associative Yang-Baxter equation and higher order R-matrix identities which can be applied to quantum dynamical R-matrices. As is known quantum non-dynamical R-matrices of Baxter-Belavin type satisfy this equation. Together with unitarity condition and skew-symmetry it provides the quantum Yang-Baxter equation and a set of identities useful for different applications in integrable systems. The dynamical R-matrices satisfy the Gervais-Neveu-Felder (or dynamical Yang-Baxter) equation. Relation between the dynamical and non-dynamical cases is described by the IRF (interaction-round-a-face)-Vertex transformation. An alternative approach to quantum (semi-)dynamical R-matrices and related quantum algebras was suggested by Arutyunov, Chekhov, and Frolov (ACF) in their study of the quantum Ruijsenaars-Schneider model. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we prove that the ACF elliptic R-matrix satisfies the associative Yang-Baxter equation with shifted spectral parameters. Second, we directly prove a simple relation of the IRF-Vertex type between the Baxter-Belavin and the ACF elliptic R-matrices predicted previously by Avan and Rollet. It provides the higher order R-matrix identities and an explanation of the obtained equations through those for non-dynamical R-matrices. As a by-product we also get an interpretation of the intertwining transformation as matrix extension of scalar theta function likewise R-matrix is interpreted as matrix extension of the Kronecker function. Relations to the Gervais-Neveu-Felder equation and identities for the Felder’s elliptic R-matrix are also discussed.

  16. Differential Hopf algebra structures on the universal enveloping algebra ofa Lie algebra

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    N.W. van den Hijligenberg; R. Martini

    1995-01-01

    textabstractWe discuss a method to construct a De Rham complex (differential algebra) of Poincar'e-Birkhoff-Witt-type on the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra $g$. We determine the cases in which this gives rise to a differential Hopf algebra that naturally extends the Hopf algebra

  17. The Yoneda algebra of a K2 algebra need not be another K2 algebra

    OpenAIRE

    Cassidy, T.; Phan, C.; Shelton, B.

    2010-01-01

    The Yoneda algebra of a Koszul algebra or a D-Koszul algebra is Koszul. K2 algebras are a natural generalization of Koszul algebras, and one would hope that the Yoneda algebra of a K2 algebra would be another K2 algebra. We show that this is not necessarily the case by constructing a monomial K2 algebra for which the corresponding Yoneda algebra is not K2.

  18. Lorentz-violating Yang-Mills theory. Discussing the Chern-Simons-like term generation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Santos, Tiago R.S.; Sobreiro, Rodrigo F. [UFF-Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Fisica, Niteroi, RJ (Brazil)

    2017-12-15

    We analyze the Chern-Simons-like term generation in the CPT-odd Lorentz-violating Yang-Mills theory interacting with fermions. Moreover, we study the anomalies of this model as well as its quantum stability. The whole analysis is performed within the algebraic renormalization theory, which is independent of the renormalization scheme. In addition, all results are valid to all orders in perturbation theory. We find that the Chern-Simons-like term is not generated by radiative corrections, just like its Abelian version. Additionally, the model is also free of gauge anomalies and quantum stable. (orig.)

  19. On Some Algebraic and Combinatorial Properties of Dunkl Elements

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kirillov, Anatol N.

    2013-06-01

    We introduce and study a certain class of nonhomogeneous quadratic algebras together with the special set of mutually commuting elements inside of each, the so-called Dunkl elements. We describe relations among the Dunkl elements. This result is a further generalization of similar results obtained in [S. Fomin and A. N. Kirillov, Quadratic algebras, Dunkl elements and Schubert calculus, in Advances in Geometry (eds. J.-S. Brylinski, V. Nistor, B. Tsygan and P. Xu), Progress in Math. Vol. 172 (Birkhäuser Boston, Boston, 1995), pp. 147-182, A. Postnikov, On a quantum version of Pieri's formula, in Advances in Geometry (eds. J.-S. Brylinski, R. Brylinski, V. Nistor, B. Tsygan and P. Xu), Progress in Math. Vol. 172 (Birkhäuser Boston, 1995), pp. 371-383 and A. N. Kirillov and T. Maenor, A Note on Quantum K-Theory of Flag Varieties, preprint]. As an application we describe explicitly the set of relations among the Gaudin elements in the group ring of the symmetric group, cf. [E. Mukhin, V. Tarasov and A. Varchenko, Bethe Subalgebras of the Group Algebra of the Symmetric Group, preprint arXiv:1004.4248]. Also we describe a few combinatorial properties of some special elements in the associative quasi-classical Yang-Baxter algebra in a connection with the values of the β-Grothendieck polynomials for some special permutations, and on the other hand, with the Ehrhart polynomial of the Chan-Robbins polytope.

  20. Algebraic geometry and Bethe ansatz. Part I. The quotient ring for BAE

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jiang, Yunfeng; Zhang, Yang

    2018-03-01

    In this paper and upcoming ones, we initiate a systematic study of Bethe ansatz equations for integrable models by modern computational algebraic geometry. We show that algebraic geometry provides a natural mathematical language and powerful tools for understanding the structure of solution space of Bethe ansatz equations. In particular, we find novel efficient methods to count the number of solutions of Bethe ansatz equations based on Gröbner basis and quotient ring. We also develop analytical approach based on companion matrix to perform the sum of on-shell quantities over all physical solutions without solving Bethe ansatz equations explicitly. To demonstrate the power of our method, we revisit the completeness problem of Bethe ansatz of Heisenberg spin chain, and calculate the sum rules of OPE coefficients in planar N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory.

  1. Two-octave mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in As-Se suspended core fibers

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Møller, Uffe Visbech; Petersen, Christian Rosenberg; Kubat, Irnis

    2015-01-01

    A more than two-octave mid-infrared supercontinuum with an average output power of 15.6 mW covering 1.7-7.5 μm (1,333-5,900 cm-1) is generated in a low-loss As38Se62 suspended core fiber with core diameter of 4.5 μm....

  2. Multipermutation Solutions of the Yang-Baxter Equation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gateva-Ivanova, Tatiana; Cameron, Peter

    2009-12-01

    Set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation form a meeting-ground of mathematical physics, algebra and combinatorics. Such a solution consists of a set X and a function r : X x X → X x X which satisfies the braid relation. We examine solutions here mainly from the point of view of finite permutation groups: a solution gives rise to a map from X to the symmetric group Sym(X) on X satisfying certain conditions. Our results include many new constructions based on strong twisted union and wreath product, with an investigation of retracts and the multipermutation level and the solvable length of the groups defined by the solutions; and new results about decompositions and factorisations of the groups defined by invariant subsets of the solution. (author)

  3. The Yin and Yang of Innovation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen, Kristina Vaarst

    Innovation researchers tend to rely on patent data to map innovative activities, even though we are well aware that patent records is an incomplete measure for innovation. In this paper we analyze if highly innovative firms’ positions in global value chains affect their incentives to patent and p...

  4. The Yin and Yang of Colors

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Abildgaard, Michael

    2017-01-01

    independent, device dependent, additive and subtractive color systems. In each color system, it is attempted to calculate the Complementary Color to an orange Brand Color (Pantone 151 C). The results are compared to the results from an online Adobe Creative Cloud Service, Adobe Kuler which was chosen because...

  5. Cylindric-like algebras and algebraic logic

    CERN Document Server

    Ferenczi, Miklós; Németi, István

    2013-01-01

    Algebraic logic is a subject in the interface between logic, algebra and geometry, it has strong connections with category theory and combinatorics. Tarski’s quest for finding structure in logic leads to cylindric-like algebras as studied in this book, they are among the main players in Tarskian algebraic logic. Cylindric algebra theory can be viewed in many ways:  as an algebraic form of definability theory, as a study of higher-dimensional relations, as an enrichment of Boolean Algebra theory, or, as logic in geometric form (“cylindric” in the name refers to geometric aspects). Cylindric-like algebras have a wide range of applications, in, e.g., natural language theory, data-base theory, stochastics, and even in relativity theory. The present volume, consisting of 18 survey papers, intends to give an overview of the main achievements and new research directions in the past 30 years, since the publication of the Henkin-Monk-Tarski monographs. It is dedicated to the memory of Leon Henkin.

  6. Higher order BLG supersymmetry transformations from 10-dimensional super Yang Mills

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hall, John [Alumnus of Physics Department, Imperial College,South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom); Low, Andrew [Physics Department, Wimbledon High School,Mansel Road, London, SW19 4AB (United Kingdom)

    2014-06-26

    We study a Simple Route for constructing the higher order Bagger-Lambert-Gustavsson theory - both supersymmetry transformations and Lagrangian - starting from knowledge of only the 10-dimensional Super Yang Mills Fermion Supersymmetry transformation. We are able to uniquely determine the four-derivative order corrected supersymmetry transformations, to lowest non-trivial order in Fermions, for the most general three-algebra theory. For the special case of Euclidean three-algbera, we reproduce the result presented in arXiv:1207.1208, with significantly less labour. In addition, we apply our method to calculate the quadratic fermion terms in the higher order BLG fermion supersymmetry transformation.

  7. Algebraic renormalization perturbative twisted considerations on topological Yang-Mills theory and on N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fucito, F.; Tanzini, A.; Sorella, S.P.

    1997-07-01

    The aim of these notes is to provide a simple and pedagogical (as much as possible) introduction to what is nowadays commonly called Algebraic Renormalization. As the same itself let it understand, the Algebraic Renormalization gives a systematic set up in order to analyse the quantum extension of a given set of classical symmetries. The framework is purely algebraic, yielding a complete characterization of all possible anomalies and invariant counterterms without making use of any explicit computation of the Feynman diagrams. This goal is achieved by collecting, with the introduction of suitable ghost fields, all the symmetries into a unique operation summarized by a generalized Slavnov-Taylor (or master equation) identity which is the starting point for the quantum analysis. The Slavnov-Taylor identity allows to define a nilpotent operator whose cohomology classes in the space of the integrated local polynomials in the fields and their derivatives with dimensions bounded by power counting give all nontrivial anomalies and counterterms. I other words, the proof of the renormalizability is reduced to the computation of some cohomology classes. (author)

  8. Differential Hopf algebra structures on the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van den Hijligenberg, N.W.; van den Hijligenberg, N.W.; Martini, Ruud

    1995-01-01

    We discuss a method to construct a De Rham complex (differential algebra) of Poincar'e-Birkhoff-Witt-type on the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra $g$. We determine the cases in which this gives rise to a differential Hopf algebra that naturally extends the Hopf algebra structure of

  9. [Yin Care--a natural product for prophylactics and treatment of vaginal infections].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mikhova, M; Batashki, I; Ivanov, St

    2007-01-01

    A prospective study, including 60 patients with vaginal discharge has been made at Maternity hospital "Majchin dom"--Sofia for the period November 2006- February 2007. In 32 patients no causative agent has been revealed. They have been counseled to use Yin Care--vaginal lotion for 3 months in prophylactic concentration. 88.4% reported for diminished discharge. No adverse effects have been observed. In 11 patients suffering from bacterial vaginitis, caused by S. Epidermidis, S. Aureus, Enterococcus and E. Coli cure was achieved in 72.7% of cases. 17 women with Candida vaginitis have been included in the study. After standard antifungal treatment, 8 of them continued therapy with Yin Care. Recurrence of disease has been observed in only one case, while in the group treated with antifungal medication only recurrence has been observed in 2 cases.

  10. Scientific computing with MATLAB and Octave

    CERN Document Server

    Quarteroni, Alfio; Gervasio, Paola

    2014-01-01

    This textbook is an introduction to Scientific Computing, in which several numerical methods for the computer-based solution of certain classes of mathematical problems are illustrated. The authors show how to compute the zeros, the extrema, and the integrals of continuous functions, solve linear systems, approximate functions using polynomials and construct accurate approximations for the solution of ordinary and partial differential equations. To make the format concrete and appealing, the programming environments Matlab and Octave are adopted as faithful companions. The book contains the solutions to several problems posed in exercises and examples, often originating from important applications. At the end of each chapter, a specific section is devoted to subjects which were not addressed in the book and contains bibliographical references for a more comprehensive treatment of the material. From the review: ".... This carefully written textbook, the third English edition, contains substantial new developme...

  11. Journal of Genetics, Volume 81, 2002

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Unknown

    Book review: The genetics of the dog, edited by A. Ruvinsky and J. Sampson. 45. Feng, Bing-Jian see Shugart, Yin Y. Guo, Lingchen. Cloning, chromosome localization and features of a novel human gene, MATH2. 13. Hire, Ramesh S. see Misra, Hari S. Holliday, Robin. Epigenetics comes of age in the twentyfirst century. 1.

  12. OCTAVE(Federal Registration)-S Implementation Guide, Version 1.0, Volume 9: Strategy and Plan Worksheets

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Alberts, Christopher; Dorofee, Audrey; Stevens, James; Woody, Carol

    2005-01-01

    ...) approach defines a risk-based strategic assessment and planning technique for security. OCTAVE is a self-directed approach, meaning that people from an organization assume responsibility for setting the organization's security strategy...

  13. Genetic structure and diversity within and among six populations of ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Yomi

    2010-04-24

    Apr 24, 2010 ... Genetic structure and diversity within and among six populations of .... Lyopholized samples were ground to a fine powder. DNA extraction ..... 22(3): 287-292. Pei YL, Zou, YP, Yin Z, Wang XQ, Zhang ZX, Hong DY (1995).

  14. Introduction to relation algebras relation algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Givant, Steven

    2017-01-01

    The first volume of a pair that charts relation algebras from novice to expert level, this text offers a comprehensive grounding for readers new to the topic. Upon completing this introduction, mathematics students may delve into areas of active research by progressing to the second volume, Advanced Topics in Relation Algebras; computer scientists, philosophers, and beyond will be equipped to apply these tools in their own field. The careful presentation establishes first the arithmetic of relation algebras, providing ample motivation and examples, then proceeds primarily on the basis of algebraic constructions: subalgebras, homomorphisms, quotient algebras, and direct products. Each chapter ends with a historical section and a substantial number of exercises. The only formal prerequisite is a background in abstract algebra and some mathematical maturity, though the reader will also benefit from familiarity with Boolean algebra and naïve set theory. The measured pace and outstanding clarity are particularly ...

  15. Relationships among Constitution, Stress, and Discomfort in the First Trimester

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hsiao-Ling Wang

    2012-01-01

    trimester of pregnancy. We adopted a descriptive and correlational research design and collected data from 261 pregnant women during their first trimester in southern Taiwan using structured questionnaires. Results showed that (1 stress was significantly and positively correlated with Yang-Xu, Yin-Xu, and Tan-Shi-Yu-Zhi constitutions, respectively; (2 Yin-Xu and Tan-Shi-Yu-Zhi constitutions had significant correlations with all symptoms of discomfort, while Yang-Xu had significant correlations with all symptoms of discomfort except for “running nose”; (3 Tan-Shi-Yu-Zhi constitution and stress were two indicators for “fatigue”; Tan-Shi-Yu-Zhi was the indicator for “nausea”; Yang-Xu and Yin-Xu were indicators for “frequent urination.” Our findings also indicate that stress level affects constitutional changes and that stress and constitutional change affect the incidence of discomfort. This research can help healthcare professionals observe these discomforts and provide individualized care for pregnant women, to nurture pregnant women into neutral-type constitution, minimize their levels of discomfort, and promote the health of the fetus and the mother.

  16. From Rota-Baxter algebras to pre-Lie algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    An Huihui; Ba, Chengming

    2008-01-01

    Rota-Baxter algebras were introduced to solve some analytic and combinatorial problems and have appeared in many fields in mathematics and mathematical physics. Rota-Baxter algebras provide a construction of pre-Lie algebras from associative algebras. In this paper, we give all Rota-Baxter operators of weight 1 on complex associative algebras in dimension ≤3 and their corresponding pre-Lie algebras

  17. Quartic Poisson algebras and quartic associative algebras and realizations as deformed oscillator algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marquette, Ian

    2013-01-01

    We introduce the most general quartic Poisson algebra generated by a second and a fourth order integral of motion of a 2D superintegrable classical system. We obtain the corresponding quartic (associative) algebra for the quantum analog, extend Daskaloyannis construction obtained in context of quadratic algebras, and also obtain the realizations as deformed oscillator algebras for this quartic algebra. We obtain the Casimir operator and discuss how these realizations allow to obtain the finite-dimensional unitary irreducible representations of quartic algebras and obtain algebraically the degenerate energy spectrum of superintegrable systems. We apply the construction and the formula obtained for the structure function on a superintegrable system related to type I Laguerre exceptional orthogonal polynomials introduced recently

  18. Yoneda algebras of almost Koszul algebras

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Abstract. Let k be an algebraically closed field, A a finite dimensional connected. (p,q)-Koszul self-injective algebra with p, q ≥ 2. In this paper, we prove that the. Yoneda algebra of A is isomorphic to a twisted polynomial algebra A![t; β] in one inde- terminate t of degree q +1 in which A! is the quadratic dual of A, β is an ...

  19. Efficacy of integrative medicine in deficiency of both qi and yin in the rat model of type 2 diabetes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jing Zhao

    2015-10-01

    Conclusions: A rat model of T2DM with both qi and yin deficiency was successfully replicated. CHF appeared to be more efficacious than IM and PIO in the rat model of qi and yin deficiency pattern of T2DM, though IM and PIO were each found to have their merits and drawbacks in attenuating T2DM indicators in the rat model.

  20. Yang-Mills solutions and Spin(7)-instantons on cylinders over coset spaces with G2-structure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Haupt, Alexander S.

    2016-01-01

    We study g-valued Yang-Mills fields on cylinders Z(G/H)=ℝ×G/H, where G/H is a compact seven-dimensional coset space with G 2 -structure, g is the Lie algebra of G, and Z(G/H) inherits a Spin(7)-structure. After imposing a general G-invariance condition, Yang-Mills theory with torsion on Z(G/H) reduces to Newtonian mechanics of a point particle moving in ℝ n under the influence of some quartic potential and possibly additional constraints. The kinematics and dynamics depends on the chosen coset space. We consider in detail three coset spaces with nearly parallel G 2 -structure and four coset spaces with SU(3)-structure. For each case, we analyze the critical points of the potential and present a range of finite-energy solutions. We also study a higher-dimensional analog of the instanton equation. Its solutions yield G-invariant Spin(7)-instanton configurations on Z(G/H), which are special cases of Yang-Mills configurations with torsion.

  1. Quantum cluster algebras and quantum nilpotent algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goodearl, Kenneth R.; Yakimov, Milen T.

    2014-01-01

    A major direction in the theory of cluster algebras is to construct (quantum) cluster algebra structures on the (quantized) coordinate rings of various families of varieties arising in Lie theory. We prove that all algebras in a very large axiomatically defined class of noncommutative algebras possess canonical quantum cluster algebra structures. Furthermore, they coincide with the corresponding upper quantum cluster algebras. We also establish analogs of these results for a large class of Poisson nilpotent algebras. Many important families of coordinate rings are subsumed in the class we are covering, which leads to a broad range of applications of the general results to the above-mentioned types of problems. As a consequence, we prove the Berenstein–Zelevinsky conjecture [Berenstein A, Zelevinsky A (2005) Adv Math 195:405–455] for the quantized coordinate rings of double Bruhat cells and construct quantum cluster algebra structures on all quantum unipotent groups, extending the theorem of Geiß et al. [Geiß C, et al. (2013) Selecta Math 19:337–397] for the case of symmetric Kac–Moody groups. Moreover, we prove that the upper cluster algebras of Berenstein et al. [Berenstein A, et al. (2005) Duke Math J 126:1–52] associated with double Bruhat cells coincide with the corresponding cluster algebras. PMID:24982197

  2. An introduction to algebraic geometry and algebraic groups

    CERN Document Server

    Geck, Meinolf

    2003-01-01

    An accessible text introducing algebraic geometries and algebraic groups at advanced undergraduate and early graduate level, this book develops the language of algebraic geometry from scratch and uses it to set up the theory of affine algebraic groups from first principles.Building on the background material from algebraic geometry and algebraic groups, the text provides an introduction to more advanced and specialised material. An example is the representation theory of finite groups of Lie type.The text covers the conjugacy of Borel subgroups and maximal tori, the theory of algebraic groups

  3. Interacting fields of arbitrary spin and N > 4 supersymmetric self-dual Yang-Mills equations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Devchand, Ch.; Ogievetsky, V.

    1996-06-01

    We show that the self-dual Yang-Mills equations afford supersymmetrization to systems of equations invariant under global N-extended super-Poincare transformations for arbitrary values of N, without the limitation (N ≤ 4) applicable to standard non-self-dual Yang-Mills theories. These systems of equations provide novel classically consistent interactions for vector supermultiplets containing fields of spin up to N-2/2. The equations of motion of the component fields of spin greater than 1/2 are interacting variants of the first-order Dirac-Fierz equations for zero rest-mass fields of arbitrary spin. The interactions are governed by conserved currents which are constructed by an iterative procedure. In (arbitrarily extended) chiral superspace, the equations of motion for the (arbitrarily large) self-dual supermultiplet are shown to be completely equivalent to the set of algebraic supercurvature defining the self-dual superconnection. (author). 25 refs

  4. Leak testing and repair of fusion devices

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kozman, T.A.

    1983-01-01

    The leak testing, reporting and vacuum leak repair techniques of the MFTF yin-yang number one magnet system, the world's largest superconducting magnet system, are discussed. Based on this experience, techniques will be developed for testing and repairing leaks on the 42 MFTF-B magnets. The leak-hunting techniques for the yin-yang magnet systems were applied to two helium circuits (the coil bundle and guard vacuum; both require helium flow for magnet cooldown), their associated piping, liquid nitrogen radiation shields, and piping. Additionally, during MFTF-B operation there will be warm water plasma shields and piping that require leak checking

  5. Axicell MFTF-B superconducting-magnet system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, S.T.; Bulmer, R.; Hanson, C.; Hinkle, R.; Kozman, T.; Shimer, D.; Tatro, R.; VanSant, J.; Wohlwend, J.

    1982-01-01

    The Axicell MFTF-B magnet system will provide the field environment necessary for tandem mirror plasma physics investigation with thermal barriers. The performance of the device will stimulate DT to achieve energy break-even plasma conditions. Operation will be with deuterium only. There will be 24 superconducting coils consisting of 2 sets of yin-yang pairs, 14 central-cell solenoids, 2 sets of axicell mirror-coil pairs, and 2 transition coils between the axicell mirror coil-pairs and the yin-yang coils. This paper describes the progress in the design and construction of MFTF-B Superconducting-Magnet System

  6. Central cell confinement in MFTF-B

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jong, R.A.

    1981-01-01

    The point code TANDEM has been used to survey the range of plasma parameters which can be attained in MFTF-B. The code solves for the electron and ion densities and temperatures in the central cell, yin-yang, barrier, and A-cell regions as well as the plasma potential in each region. In these studies, the A-cell sloshing ion beams were fixed while the neutral beams in the yin-yang and central cell, the gas feed in the central cell, and the applied ECRH power β, central cell ion density and temperature, and the confining potential are discussed

  7. More on ghost condensation in Yang-Mills theory: BCS versus Overhauser effect and the breakdown of the Nakanishi-Ojima annex SL(2,R) symmetry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dudal, David; Verschelde, Henri; Lemes, Vitor E.R.; Sarandy, Marcelo S.; Sorella, Silvio P.; Picariello, Marco; Vicini, Alessandro; Gracey, John A.

    2003-01-01

    We analyze the ghost condensates abc c b c c >, abc c-bar b c-bar c > and abc c-barbc c > in Yang-Mills theory in the Curci-Ferrari gauge. By combining the local composite operator formalism with the algebraic renormalization technique, we are able to give a simultaneous discussion of abc c b c c >, abc c-bar b c-bar c > and abc c-bar b c c >, which can be seen as playing the role of the BCS, respectively Overhauser effect in ordinary superconductivity. The Curci-Ferrari gauge exhibits a global continuous symmetry generated by the Nakanishi-Ojima (NO) algebra. This algebra includes, next to the {(anti-)BRST} transformation, a SL(2,R) subalgebra. We discuss the dynamical symmetry breaking of the NO algebra through these ghost condensates. Particular attention is paid to the Landau gauge, a special case of the Curci-Ferrari gauge. (author)

  8. Bulletin of Materials Science | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Bulletin of Materials Science. LI-XIA YANG. Articles written in Bulletin of Materials Science. Volume 34 Issue 2 April 2011 pp 233-237. Shape control synthesis of low-dimensional calcium sulfate · Li-Xia Yang Yan-Feng Meng Ping Yin Ying-Xia Yang Ying-Ying Tang Lai-Fen Qin · More Details Abstract ...

  9. Differential Hopf algebra structures on the Universal Enveloping Algebra of a Lie Algebra

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van den Hijligenberg, N.W.; van den Hijligenberg, N.; Martini, Ruud

    1995-01-01

    We discuss a method to construct a De Rham complex (differential algebra) of Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt type on the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra g. We determine the cases in which this gives rise to a differential Hopf algebra that naturally extends the Hopf algebrastructure of U(g).

  10. The relation between quantum W algebras and Lie algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boer, J. de; Tjin, T.

    1994-01-01

    By quantizing the generalized Drinfeld-Sokolov reduction scheme for arbitrary sl 2 embeddings we show that a large set W of quantum W algebras can be viewed as (BRST) cohomologies of affine Lie algebras. The set W contains many known W algebras such as W N and W 3 (2) . Our formalism yields a completely algorithmic method for calculating the W algebra generators and their operator product expansions, replacing the cumbersome construction of W algebras as commutants of screening operators. By generalizing and quantizing the Miura transformation we show that any W algebra in W can be embedded into the universal enveloping algebra of a semisimple affine Lie algebra which is, up to shifts in level, isomorphic to a subalgebra of the original affine algebra. Therefore any realization of this semisimple affine Lie algebra leads to a realization of the W algebra. In particular, one obtains in this way a general and explicit method for constructing the free field realizations and Fock resolutions for all algebras in W. Some examples are explicitly worked out. (orig.)

  11. 2-Local derivations on matrix algebras over semi-prime Banach algebras and on AW*-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ayupov, Shavkat; Kudaybergenov, Karimbergen

    2016-01-01

    The paper is devoted to 2-local derivations on matrix algebras over unital semi-prime Banach algebras. For a unital semi-prime Banach algebra A with the inner derivation property we prove that any 2-local derivation on the algebra M 2 n (A), n ≥ 2, is a derivation. We apply this result to AW*-algebras and show that any 2-local derivation on an arbitrary AW*-algebra is a derivation. (paper)

  12. Quantum cluster algebra structures on quantum nilpotent algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Goodearl, K R

    2017-01-01

    All algebras in a very large, axiomatically defined class of quantum nilpotent algebras are proved to possess quantum cluster algebra structures under mild conditions. Furthermore, it is shown that these quantum cluster algebras always equal the corresponding upper quantum cluster algebras. Previous approaches to these problems for the construction of (quantum) cluster algebra structures on (quantized) coordinate rings arising in Lie theory were done on a case by case basis relying on the combinatorics of each concrete family. The results of the paper have a broad range of applications to these problems, including the construction of quantum cluster algebra structures on quantum unipotent groups and quantum double Bruhat cells (the Berenstein-Zelevinsky conjecture), and treat these problems from a unified perspective. All such applications also establish equality between the constructed quantum cluster algebras and their upper counterparts.

  13. Journal of Genetics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Journal of Genetics. CHUEN YANG CHUA. Articles written in Journal of Genetics. Volume 96 Issue 4 September 2017 pp 653-663 RESEARCH ARTICLE. Analysis of polymorphisms and selective pressures on ama1 gene in Plasmodium knowlesi isolates from Sabah, Malaysia · CHUEN YANG CHUA ...

  14. Genetic diversity of bitter taste receptor gene family in Sichuan

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Genetic diversity of bitter taste receptor gene family in Sichuan domestic and Tibetan chicken populations. YUAN SU DIYAN LI UMA GAUR YAN WANG NAN WU BINLONG CHEN HONGXIAN XU HUADONG YIN YAODONG HU QING ZHU. RESEARCH ARTICLE Volume 95 Issue 3 September 2016 pp 675-681 ...

  15. Quadratic algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Polishchuk, Alexander

    2005-01-01

    Quadratic algebras, i.e., algebras defined by quadratic relations, often occur in various areas of mathematics. One of the main problems in the study of these (and similarly defined) algebras is how to control their size. A central notion in solving this problem is the notion of a Koszul algebra, which was introduced in 1970 by S. Priddy and then appeared in many areas of mathematics, such as algebraic geometry, representation theory, noncommutative geometry, K-theory, number theory, and noncommutative linear algebra. The book offers a coherent exposition of the theory of quadratic and Koszul algebras, including various definitions of Koszulness, duality theory, Poincar�-Birkhoff-Witt-type theorems for Koszul algebras, and the Koszul deformation principle. In the concluding chapter of the book, they explain a surprising connection between Koszul algebras and one-dependent discrete-time stochastic processes.

  16. Regularity of C*-algebras and central sequence algebras

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christensen, Martin S.

    The main topic of this thesis is regularity properties of C*-algebras and how these regularity properties are re ected in their associated central sequence algebras. The thesis consists of an introduction followed by four papers [A], [B], [C], [D]. In [A], we show that for the class of simple...... Villadsen algebra of either the rst type with seed space a nite dimensional CW complex, or the second type, tensorial absorption of the Jiang-Su algebra is characterized by the absence of characters on the central sequence algebra. Additionally, in a joint appendix with Joan Bosa, we show that the Villadsen...... algebra of the second type with innite stable rank fails the corona factorization property. In [B], we consider the class of separable C*-algebras which do not admit characters on their central sequence algebra, and show that it has nice permanence properties. We also introduce a new divisibility property...

  17. The Noisiness of Low-Frequency One-Third Octave Bands of Noise. M.S. Thesis - Southampton Univ.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lawton, B. W.

    1975-01-01

    This study examined the relative noisiness of low frequency one-third octave bands of noise bounded by the bands centered at 25 Hz and 200 Hz, with intensities ranging from 50 db sound pressure level (SPL) to 95 db SPL. The thirty-two subjects used a method-of-adjustment technique, producing comparison-band intensities as noisy as standard bands centered at 100 Hz and 200 Hz with intensities of 60 db SPL and 72 db SPL. Four contours of equal noisiness were developed for one-third octave bands, extending down to 25 Hz and ranging in intensity from approximately 58 db SPL to 86 db SPL. These curves were compared with the contours of equal noisiness of Kryter and Pearsons. In the region of overlap (between 50 Hz and 200 Hz) the agreement was good.

  18. Real division algebras and other algebras motivated by physics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Benkart, G.; Osborn, J.M.

    1981-01-01

    In this survey we discuss several general techniques which have been productive in the study of real division algebras, flexible Lie-admissible algebras, and other nonassociative algebras, and we summarize results obtained using these methods. The principal method involved in this work is to view an algebra A as a module for a semisimple Lie algebra of derivations of A and to use representation theory to study products in A. In the case of real division algebras, we also discuss the use of isotopy and the use of a generalized Peirce decomposition. Most of the work summarized here has appeared in more detail in various other papers. The exceptions are results on a class of algebras of dimension 15, motivated by physics, which admit the Lie algebra sl(3) as an algebra of derivations

  19. Algebraic Topology Foundations of Supersymmetry and Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Field Theory and Quantum Gravity: A Review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ion C. Baianu

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available A novel algebraic topology approach to supersymmetry (SUSY and symmetry breaking in quantum field and quantum gravity theories is presented with a view to developing a wide range of physical applications. These include: controlled nuclear fusion and other nuclear reaction studies in quantum chromodynamics, nonlinear physics at high energy densities, dynamic Jahn-Teller effects, superfluidity, high temperature superconductors, multiple scattering by molecular systems, molecular or atomic paracrystal structures, nanomaterials, ferromagnetism in glassy materials, spin glasses, quantum phase transitions and supergravity. This approach requires a unified conceptual framework that utilizes extended symmetries and quantum groupoid, algebroid and functorial representations of non-Abelian higher dimensional structures pertinent to quantized spacetime topology and state space geometry of quantum operator algebras. Fourier transforms, generalized Fourier-Stieltjes transforms, and duality relations link, respectively, the quantum groups and quantum groupoids with their dual algebraic structures; quantum double constructions are also discussed in this context in relation to quasi-triangular, quasi-Hopf algebras, bialgebroids, Grassmann-Hopf algebras and higher dimensional algebra. On the one hand, this quantum algebraic approach is known to provide solutions to the quantum Yang-Baxter equation. On the other hand, our novel approach to extended quantum symmetries and their associated representations is shown to be relevant to locally covariant general relativity theories that are consistent with either nonlocal quantum field theories or local bosonic (spin models with the extended quantum symmetry of entangled, 'string-net condensed' (ground states.

  20. Hom-Novikov algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yau, Donald

    2011-01-01

    We study a twisted generalization of Novikov algebras, called Hom-Novikov algebras, in which the two defining identities are twisted by a linear map. It is shown that Hom-Novikov algebras can be obtained from Novikov algebras by twisting along any algebra endomorphism. All algebra endomorphisms on complex Novikov algebras of dimensions 2 or 3 are computed, and their associated Hom-Novikov algebras are described explicitly. Another class of Hom-Novikov algebras is constructed from Hom-commutative algebras together with a derivation, generalizing a construction due to Dorfman and Gel'fand. Two other classes of Hom-Novikov algebras are constructed from Hom-Lie algebras together with a suitable linear endomorphism, generalizing a construction due to Bai and Meng.

  1. Linear algebra meets Lie algebra: the Kostant-Wallach theory

    OpenAIRE

    Shomron, Noam; Parlett, Beresford N.

    2008-01-01

    In two languages, Linear Algebra and Lie Algebra, we describe the results of Kostant and Wallach on the fibre of matrices with prescribed eigenvalues of all leading principal submatrices. In addition, we present a brief introduction to basic notions in Algebraic Geometry, Integrable Systems, and Lie Algebra aimed at specialists in Linear Algebra.

  2. Branes, anti-branes and Brauer algebras in gauge-gravity duality

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kimura, Yusuke; Ramgoolam, Sanjaye

    2007-01-01

    We propose gauge theory operators built using a complex Matrix scalar which are dual to brane-anti-brane systems in AdS 5 x S 5 , in the zero coupling limit of the dual Yang-Mills. The branes involved are half-BPS giant gravitons. The proposed operators dual to giant-anti-giant configurations satisfy the appropriate orthogonality properties. Projection operators in Brauer algebras are used to construct the relevant multi-trace Matrix operators. These are related to the 'coupled representations' which appear in 2D Yang-Mills theory. We discuss the implications of these results for the quantum mechanics of a complex matrix model, the counting of non-supersymmetric operators and the physics of brane-anti-brane systems. The stringy exclusion principle known from the properties of half-BPS giant gravitons, has a new incarnation in this context. It involves a qualitative change in the map between brane-anti-brane states to gauge theory operators. In the case of a pair of sphere giant and anti-giant this change occurs when the sum of the magnitudes of their angular momenta reaches N

  3. Colour-kinematics duality and the Drinfeld double of the Lie algebra of diffeomorphisms

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fu, Chih-Hao; Krasnov, Kirill [School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Nottingham,University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD (United Kingdom)

    2017-01-17

    Colour-kinematics duality suggests that Yang-Mills (YM) theory possesses some hidden Lie algebraic structure. So far this structure has resisted understanding, apart from some progress in the self-dual sector. We show that there is indeed a Lie algebra behind the YM Feynman rules. The Lie algebra we uncover is the Drinfeld double of the Lie algebra of vector fields. More specifically, we show that the kinematic numerators following from the YM Feynman rules satisfy a version of the Jacobi identity, in that the Jacobiator of the bracket defined by the YM cubic vertex is cancelled by the contribution of the YM quartic vertex. We then show that this Jacobi-like identity is in fact the Jacobi identity of the Drinfeld double. All our considerations are off-shell. Our construction explains why numerators computed using the Feynman rules satisfy the colour-kinematics at four but not at higher numbers of points. It also suggests a way of modifying the Feynman rules so that the duality can continue to hold for an arbitrary number of gluons. Our construction stops short of producing explicit higher point numerators because of an absence of a certain property at four points. We comment on possible ways of correcting this, but leave the next word in the story to future work.

  4. Covariant representation theory of the Poincaré algebra and some of its extensions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boels, Rutger

    2010-01-01

    There has been substantial calculational progress in the last few years for gauge theory amplitudes which involve massless four dimensional particles. One of the central ingredients in this has been the ability to keep precise track of the Poincaré algebra quantum numbers of the particles involved. Technically, this is most easily done using the well-known four dimensional spinor helicity method. In this article a natural generalization to all dimensions higher than four is obtained based on a covariant version of the representation theory of the Poincaré algebra. Covariant expressions for all possible polarization states, both bosonic and fermionic, are constructed. For the fermionic states the analysis leads directly to pure spinors. The natural extension to the representation theory of the on-shell supersymmetry algebra results in an elementary derivation of the supersymmetry Ward identities for scattering amplitudes with massless or massive legs in any integer dimension from four onwards. As a proof-of-concept application a higher dimensional analog of the vanishing helicity-equal amplitudes in four dimensions is presented in (super) Yang-Mills theory, Einstein (super-)gravity and superstring theory in a flat background.

  5. Extended Virasoro algebra and algebra of area preserving diffeomorphisms

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arakelyan, T.A.

    1990-01-01

    The algebra of area preserving diffeomorphism plays an important role in the theory of relativistic membranes. It is pointed out that the relation between this algebra and the extended Virasoro algebra associated with the generalized Kac-Moody algebras G(T 2 ). The highest weight representation of these infinite-dimensional algebras as well as of their subalgebras is studied. 5 refs

  6. Hierarchical and Complex System Entropy Clustering Analysis Based Validation for Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Patterns of Chronic Atrophic Gastritis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Yin; Liu, Yue; Li, Yannan; Zhao, Xia; Zhuo, Lin; Zhou, Ajian; Zhang, Li; Su, Zeqi; Chen, Cen; Du, Shiyu; Liu, Daming; Ding, Xia

    2018-03-22

    Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is the precancerous stage of gastric carcinoma. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been widely used in treating CAG. This study aimed to reveal core pathogenesis of CAG by validating the TCM syndrome patterns and provide evidence for optimization of treatment strategies. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 4 hospitals in China. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and complex system entropy clustering analysis (CSECA) were performed, respectively, to achieve syndrome pattern validation. Based on HCA, 15 common factors were assigned to 6 syndrome patterns: liver depression and spleen deficiency and blood stasis in the stomach collateral, internal harassment of phlegm-heat and blood stasis in the stomach collateral, phlegm-turbidity internal obstruction, spleen yang deficiency, internal harassment of phlegm-heat and spleen deficiency, and spleen qi deficiency. By CSECA, 22 common factors were assigned to 7 syndrome patterns: qi deficiency, qi stagnation, blood stasis, phlegm turbidity, heat, yang deficiency, and yin deficiency. Combination of qi deficiency, qi stagnation, blood stasis, phlegm turbidity, heat, yang deficiency, and yin deficiency may play a crucial role in CAG pathogenesis. In accord with this, treatment strategies by TCM herbal prescriptions should be targeted to regulating qi, activating blood, resolving turbidity, clearing heat, removing toxin, nourishing yin, and warming yang. Further explorations are needed to verify and expand the current conclusions.

  7. Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes for Essential Hypertension: A Literature Analysis of 13,272 Patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jie Wang

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Background. To simplify traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation and allow researchers to master syndrome differentiation for hypertension, this paper retrospectively studied the literature and analyzed syndrome elements corresponding to hypertension syndromes. Methods. Six databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Bio-Medical Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Wan-fang Data were searched from 1/January/2003 to 30/October/2013. We included all clinical literature testing hypertension syndromes and retrospectively studied the hypertension literature published from 2003 to 2013. Descriptive statistics calculated frequencies and percentages. Results. 13,272 patients with essential hypertension were included. Clinical features of hypertension could be attributed to 11 kinds of syndrome factors. Among them, seven syndrome factors were excess, while four syndrome factors were deficient. Syndrome targets were mainly in the liver and related to the kidney and spleen. There were 33 combination syndromes. Frequency of single-factor syndromes was 31.77% and frequency of two-factor syndromes was 62.26%. Conclusions. Excess syndrome factors of hypertension patients include yang hyperactivity, blood stasis, phlegm turbidity, internal dampness, and internal fire. Deficient syndrome factors of hypertension patients are yin deficiency and yang deficiency. Yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity, phlegm-dampness retention, and deficiency of both yin and yang were the three most common syndromes in clinical combination.

  8. BRST quantization of 2d-Yang Mills theory with anomalies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kalau, Wolfgang

    1992-01-01

    The BRST-quantization of anomalous 2d-Yang Mills (YM) theory is discussed. Since an oscillator basis for the YM-Fock-space is used the anomaly appears already for a pure YM-system and the constraints form a Kac-Moody algebra with negative central charge. The coupling of chiral fermions is also discussed and it is found that the BRST-cohomology for systems with chiral fermions in a sufficiently large representation of the gauge group is completely equivalent to the cohomology of the finite dimensional gauge group. For pure YM theory or YM theory coupled to chiral fermions in small representations there exists an infinite number of inequivalent cohomology classes. This is discussed in some detail for the example of SU(2). (author). 15 refs

  9. An application of the division algebras, Jordan algebras and split composition algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Foot, R.; Joshi, G.C.

    1992-01-01

    It has been established that the covering group of the Lorentz group in D = 3, 4, 6, 10 can be expressed in a unified way, based on the four composition division algebras R, C, Q and O. In this paper, the authors discuss, in this framework, the role of the complex numbers of quantum mechanics. A unified treatment of quantum-mechanical spinors is given. The authors provide an explicit demonstration that the vector and spinor transformations recently constructed from a subgroup of the reduced structure group of the Jordan algebras M n 3 are indeed the Lorentz transformations. The authors also show that if the division algebras in the construction of the covering groups of the Lorentz groups in D = 3, 4, 6, 10 are replaced by the split composition algebras, then the sequence of groups SO(2, 2), SO(3, 3) and SO(5, 5) result. The analysis is presumed to be self-contained as the relevant aspects of the division algebras and Jordan algebras are reviewed. Some applications to physical theory are indicated

  10. Interactions Between Representation Ttheory, Algebraic Topology and Commutative Algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Pitsch, Wolfgang; Zarzuela, Santiago

    2016-01-01

    This book includes 33 expanded abstracts of selected talks given at the two workshops "Homological Bonds Between Commutative Algebra and Representation Theory" and "Brave New Algebra: Opening Perspectives," and the conference "Opening Perspectives in Algebra, Representations, and Topology," held at the Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM) in Barcelona between January and June 2015. These activities were part of the one-semester intensive research program "Interactions Between Representation Theory, Algebraic Topology and Commutative Algebra (IRTATCA)." Most of the abstracts present preliminary versions of not-yet published results and cover a large number of topics (including commutative and non commutative algebra, algebraic topology, singularity theory, triangulated categories, representation theory) overlapping with homological methods. This comprehensive book is a valuable resource for the community of researchers interested in homological algebra in a broad sense, and those curious to learn the latest dev...

  11. A deformation of quantum affine algebra in squashed Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten models

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kawaguchi, Io; Yoshida, Kentaroh [Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan)

    2014-06-01

    We proceed to study infinite-dimensional symmetries in two-dimensional squashed Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten models at the classical level. The target space is given by squashed S³ and the isometry is SU(2){sub L}×U(1){sub R}. It is known that SU(2){sub L} is enhanced to a couple of Yangians. We reveal here that an infinite-dimensional extension of U(1){sub R} is a deformation of quantum affine algebra, where a new deformation parameter is provided with the coefficient of the Wess-Zumino term. Then we consider the relation between the deformed quantum affine algebra and the pair of Yangians from the viewpoint of the left-right duality of monodromy matrices. The integrable structure is also discussed by computing the r/s-matrices that satisfy the extended classical Yang-Baxter equation. Finally, two degenerate limits are discussed.

  12. Korean Herbal Medicine for Treating Henoch-Schonlein Purpura with Yin Deficiency: Five Case Reports

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sung-Kyung Kim

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effect of Korean medicine (KM treatment for Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP. Methods: Five HSP patients who demonstrated a Yin deficiency and who had a history of a previous upper respiratory tract infection were included in this study. Four patients had arthritis and three had severe stomachache. One of them appeared to have proteinuria and hematuria before starting KM treatment. Results: All patients were improved with only herbal medicine, Jarotang (JRT. Purpura in the lower extremities and abdominal pain, which were not treated by using a corticosteroid, disappeared and had not recurred after 6 months. Conclusion: These cases indicate that JRT may be effective in treating HSP in patients who demonstrate Yin deficiency, even though the number of cases was limited to five.

  13. Duncan F. Gregory, William Walton and the development of British algebra: 'algebraical geometry', 'geometrical algebra', abstraction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Verburgt, Lukas M

    2016-01-01

    This paper provides a detailed account of the period of the complex history of British algebra and geometry between the publication of George Peacock's Treatise on Algebra in 1830 and William Rowan Hamilton's paper on quaternions of 1843. During these years, Duncan Farquharson Gregory and William Walton published several contributions on 'algebraical geometry' and 'geometrical algebra' in the Cambridge Mathematical Journal. These contributions enabled them not only to generalize Peacock's symbolical algebra on the basis of geometrical considerations, but also to initiate the attempts to question the status of Euclidean space as the arbiter of valid geometrical interpretations. At the same time, Gregory and Walton were bound by the limits of symbolical algebra that they themselves made explicit; their work was not and could not be the 'abstract algebra' and 'abstract geometry' of figures such as Hamilton and Cayley. The central argument of the paper is that an understanding of the contributions to 'algebraical geometry' and 'geometrical algebra' of the second generation of 'scientific' symbolical algebraists is essential for a satisfactory explanation of the radical transition from symbolical to abstract algebra that took place in British mathematics in the 1830s-1840s.

  14. Monomial algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Villarreal, Rafael

    2015-01-01

    The book stresses the interplay between several areas of pure and applied mathematics, emphasizing the central role of monomial algebras. It unifies the classical results of commutative algebra with central results and notions from graph theory, combinatorics, linear algebra, integer programming, and combinatorial optimization. The book introduces various methods to study monomial algebras and their presentation ideals, including Stanley-Reisner rings, subrings and blowup algebra-emphasizing square free quadratics, hypergraph clutters, and effective computational methods.

  15. Algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Tabak, John

    2004-01-01

    Looking closely at algebra, its historical development, and its many useful applications, Algebra examines in detail the question of why this type of math is so important that it arose in different cultures at different times. The book also discusses the relationship between algebra and geometry, shows the progress of thought throughout the centuries, and offers biographical data on the key figures. Concise and comprehensive text accompanied by many illustrations presents the ideas and historical development of algebra, showcasing the relevance and evolution of this branch of mathematics.

  16. Iwahori-Hecke algebras and Schur algebras of the symmetric group

    CERN Document Server

    Mathas, Andrew

    1999-01-01

    This volume presents a fully self-contained introduction to the modular representation theory of the Iwahori-Hecke algebras of the symmetric groups and of the q-Schur algebras. The study of these algebras was pioneered by Dipper and James in a series of landmark papers. The primary goal of the book is to classify the blocks and the simple modules of both algebras. The final chapter contains a survey of recent advances and open problems. The main results are proved by showing that the Iwahori-Hecke algebras and q-Schur algebras are cellular algebras (in the sense of Graham and Lehrer). This is proved by exhibiting natural bases of both algebras which are indexed by pairs of standard and semistandard tableaux respectively. Using the machinery of cellular algebras, which is developed in Chapter 2, this results in a clean and elegant classification of the irreducible representations of both algebras. The block theory is approached by first proving an analogue of the Jantzen sum formula for the q-Schur algebras. T...

  17. Algebra of pseudo-differential operators over C*-algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mohammad, N.

    1982-08-01

    Algebras of pseudo-differential operators over C*-algebras are studied for the special case when in Hormander class Ssub(rho,delta)sup(m)(Ω) Ω = Rsup(n); rho = 1, delta = 0, m any real number, and the C*-algebra is infinite dimensional non-commutative. The space B, i.e. the set of A-valued C*-functions in Rsup(n) (or Rsup(n) x Rsup(n)) whose derivatives are all bounded, plays an important role. A denotes C*-algebra. First the operator class Ssub(phi,0)sup(m) is defined, and through it, the class Lsub(1,0)sup(m) of pseudo-differential operators. Then the basic asymptotic expansion theorems concerning adjoint and product of operators of class Ssub(1,0)sup(m) are stated. Finally, proofs are given of L 2 -continuity theorem and the main theorem, which states that algebra of all pseudo-differential operators over C*-algebras is itself C*-algebra

  18. Commutative algebra with a view toward algebraic geometry

    CERN Document Server

    Eisenbud, David

    1995-01-01

    Commutative Algebra is best understood with knowledge of the geometric ideas that have played a great role in its formation, in short, with a view towards algebraic geometry. The author presents a comprehensive view of commutative algebra, from basics, such as localization and primary decomposition, through dimension theory, differentials, homological methods, free resolutions and duality, emphasizing the origins of the ideas and their connections with other parts of mathematics. Many exercises illustrate and sharpen the theory and extended exercises give the reader an active part in complementing the material presented in the text. One novel feature is a chapter devoted to a quick but thorough treatment of Grobner basis theory and the constructive methods in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry that flow from it. Applications of the theory and even suggestions for computer algebra projects are included. This book will appeal to readers from beginners to advanced students of commutative algebra or algeb...

  19. Jordan algebras versus C*- algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stormer, E.

    1976-01-01

    The axiomatic formulation of quantum mechanics and the problem of whether the observables form self-adjoint operators on a Hilbert space, are discussed. The relation between C*- algebras and Jordan algebras is studied using spectral theory. (P.D.)

  20. Schwinger-Dyson operator of Yang-Mills matrix models with ghosts and derivations of the graded shuffle algebra

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Krishnaswami, G.S.

    2008-01-01

    We consider large-N multi-matrix models whose action closely mimics that of Yang-Mills theory, including gauge-fixing and ghost terms. We show that the factorized Schwinger-Dyson loop equations, expressed in terms of the generating series of gluon and ghost correlations G( ), are quadratic equations

  1. MEMBENTUK LINGKUNGAN PENDIDIKAN YANG ISLAMI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wartono *

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Islam adalah agama yang sempurna. Kesempurnaan Islam meliputi seluruh aspek-aspek kehidupan. Mulai dari pen-ciptaan manusia, proses terjadinya manusia, tujuan penciptaan manusia, bahan baku manusia, penciptaan langit dan bumi, penciptaan jin, lingkungan hidup, ekonomi, politik, sejarah, angkatan bersenjata, pendidikan dan lain-lain. Bertolak dari kesempurnaan Islam sebagaimana tersebut di atas, maka sudah semesinya setiap muslim menjadikan Islam sebagai rujukan setiap persoalan yang dihadapinya. Hanya kembali kepada Islamlah manusia akan mendapatkan keselamatan,  kebaikan, kedamaian, kebahagiaan keuntungan dunia dan akhirat. Dengan Islamlah manusia dapat membentuk lingkungan pedidikannya dengan baik. Sebab Islam senantiasa memberi perhatian yang sangat serius dan utama  terhadap lingkungan  pendidikan yang islami. Manusi tidak akan menjadi hamba yang taat kepada Allah dan Rasul-Nya jika tidak dididik berdasarkan Islam. Tidak ada konsep dan teori di luar Isalam yang mampu memberikan kontribusi secara integral terhadap pendidikan manusia seutuhnya,sehingga manusia  menajdi orang yang beriman. Yang paling tahu tentang manusia bukanlah manusi itu sendiri, akan tetapi yang menciptakan manusia yaitu Allah . Allah Ta’ala memilih Muhammad seorang Rasul dengan tujuan agar beliau menyampaikan risalah-Nya. Risalah yang dibawa oleh Nabi itu berisi nilai-nilai yang sangat tinggi sehingga dapat mengangkat derajat manusia dan martabat pada tingkat yang tinggi.Jika manusia mau menjalankan risalah yang dibawa oleh Muhammad secara benar, maka mereka akan mendapatkan predikat mu’min dan pada gilirannya orang-orang mu’min itu akan ditempatkan di dalam surga.

  2. Implicative Algebras

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Tadesse

    In this paper we introduce the concept of implicative algebras which is an equivalent definition of lattice implication algebra of Xu (1993) and further we prove that it is a regular Autometrized. Algebra. Further we remark that the binary operation → on lattice implicative algebra can never be associative. Key words: Implicative ...

  3. Genetic algorithms in teaching artificial intelligence (automated generation of specific algebras)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Habiballa, Hashim; Jendryscik, Radek

    2017-11-01

    The problem of teaching essential Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods is an important task for an educator in the branch of soft-computing. The key focus is often given to proper understanding of the principle of AI methods in two essential points - why we use soft-computing methods at all and how we apply these methods to generate reasonable results in sensible time. We present one interesting problem solved in the non-educational research concerning automated generation of specific algebras in the huge search space. We emphasize above mentioned points as an educational case study of an interesting problem in automated generation of specific algebras.

  4. Open algebraic surfaces

    CERN Document Server

    Miyanishi, Masayoshi

    2000-01-01

    Open algebraic surfaces are a synonym for algebraic surfaces that are not necessarily complete. An open algebraic surface is understood as a Zariski open set of a projective algebraic surface. There is a long history of research on projective algebraic surfaces, and there exists a beautiful Enriques-Kodaira classification of such surfaces. The research accumulated by Ramanujan, Abhyankar, Moh, and Nagata and others has established a classification theory of open algebraic surfaces comparable to the Enriques-Kodaira theory. This research provides powerful methods to study the geometry and topology of open algebraic surfaces. The theory of open algebraic surfaces is applicable not only to algebraic geometry, but also to other fields, such as commutative algebra, invariant theory, and singularities. This book contains a comprehensive account of the theory of open algebraic surfaces, as well as several applications, in particular to the study of affine surfaces. Prerequisite to understanding the text is a basic b...

  5. Wealth Management Untuk Pensiun Yang Sejahtera

    OpenAIRE

    Sina, Peter Garlans

    2015-01-01

    Abstrak: Wealth Management untuk Pensiun yang Sejahtera. Pensiun yang sejahtera menjadi impian semua orang. Oleh sebab itu, untuk mewujudkan pensiun yang sejahtera membutuhkan manajemen kekayaan yang benar. Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa manajemen kekayaan yang benar mampu meningkatkan peluang mengalami pensiun yang sejahtera. Salah satu cara yang dapat diaplikasikan adalah melalui mengelola arus kas dengan benar. Oleh sebab itu, pada bagian akhir diberikan cara yang dapat ditempuh untuk meng...

  6. Separable algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Ford, Timothy J

    2017-01-01

    This book presents a comprehensive introduction to the theory of separable algebras over commutative rings. After a thorough introduction to the general theory, the fundamental roles played by separable algebras are explored. For example, Azumaya algebras, the henselization of local rings, and Galois theory are rigorously introduced and treated. Interwoven throughout these applications is the important notion of étale algebras. Essential connections are drawn between the theory of separable algebras and Morita theory, the theory of faithfully flat descent, cohomology, derivations, differentials, reflexive lattices, maximal orders, and class groups. The text is accessible to graduate students who have finished a first course in algebra, and it includes necessary foundational material, useful exercises, and many nontrivial examples.

  7. The Yin and Yang of Tuning History

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nováky, György

    2017-01-01

    History as a subject area is facing increasing demands from the society to be more profitable and, sometimes, more conformist. The Tuning methodology, developed in cooperation with a large number of Universities worldwide, could offer a viable and sustainable way to take societal needs into account without compromising academic soundness.

  8. On the renormalization of topological Yang-Mills field theory in N=1 superspace

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Oliveira, M.W. de; Penna Firme, A.B.

    1996-03-01

    We discuss the renormalization aspects of topological super-Yang-Mills field theory in N=1 superspace. Our approach makes use of the regularization independent BRS algebraic technique adapted to the case of a N=1 supersymmetric model. We give the expression of the most general local counterterm to the classical action to all orders of the perturbative expansion. The counterterm is shown to be BRS-coboundary, implying that the co-homological properties of the super topological theory are not affected by quantum effects. We also demonstrate the vanishing of the Callan-Symanzik {beta}-function of the model by employing a recently discovered supersymmetric antighost Ward identity. (author). 30 refs.

  9. On the renormalization of topological Yang-Mills field theory in N=1 superspace

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oliveira, M.W. de; Penna Firme, A.B.

    1996-03-01

    We discuss the renormalization aspects of topological super-Yang-Mills field theory in N=1 superspace. Our approach makes use of the regularization independent BRS algebraic technique adapted to the case of a N=1 supersymmetric model. We give the expression of the most general local counterterm to the classical action to all orders of the perturbative expansion. The counterterm is shown to be BRS-coboundary, implying that the co-homological properties of the super topological theory are not affected by quantum effects. We also demonstrate the vanishing of the Callan-Symanzik β-function of the model by employing a recently discovered supersymmetric antighost Ward identity. (author). 30 refs

  10. The anomalous dimension of the gluon-ghost mass operator in Yang-Mills theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dudal, D.; Verschelde, H.; Lemes, V.E.R.; Sarandy, M.S.; Sobreiro, R.; Sorella, S.P.; Picariello, M.; Gracey, J.A.

    2003-01-01

    The local composite gluon-ghost operator (((1)/(2))A aμ A μ a +αc-bar a c a ) is analysed in the framework of the algebraic renormalization in SU(N) Yang-Mills theories in the Landau, Curci-Ferrari and maximal abelian gauges. We show, to all orders of perturbation theory, that this operator is multiplicatively renormalizable. Furthermore, its anomalous dimension is not an independent parameter of the theory, being given by a general expression valid in all these gauges. We also verify the relations we obtain for the operator anomalous dimensions by explicit 3-loop calculations in the MS-bar scheme for the Curci-Ferrari gauge

  11. Generalized EMV-Effect Algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Borzooei, R. A.; Dvurečenskij, A.; Sharafi, A. H.

    2018-04-01

    Recently in Dvurečenskij and Zahiri (2017), new algebraic structures, called EMV-algebras which generalize both MV-algebras and generalized Boolean algebras, were introduced. We present equivalent conditions for EMV-algebras. In addition, we define a partial algebraic structure, called a generalized EMV-effect algebra, which is close to generalized MV-effect algebras. Finally, we show that every generalized EMV-effect algebra is either an MV-effect algebra or can be embedded into an MV-effect algebra as a maximal ideal.

  12. Special set linear algebra and special set fuzzy linear algebra

    OpenAIRE

    Kandasamy, W. B. Vasantha; Smarandache, Florentin; Ilanthenral, K.

    2009-01-01

    The authors in this book introduce the notion of special set linear algebra and special set fuzzy Linear algebra, which is an extension of the notion set linear algebra and set fuzzy linear algebra. These concepts are best suited in the application of multi expert models and cryptology. This book has five chapters. In chapter one the basic concepts about set linear algebra is given in order to make this book a self contained one. The notion of special set linear algebra and their fuzzy analog...

  13. The exploration of contrasting pathways in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Narrandes, Shavira; Huang, Shujun; Murphy, Leigh; Xu, Wayne

    2018-01-04

    Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBCs) lack the appropriate targets for currently used breast cancer therapies, conferring an aggressive phenotype, more frequent relapse and poorer survival rates. The biological heterogeneity of TNBC complicates the clinical treatment further. We have explored and compared the biological pathways in TNBC and other subtypes of breast cancers, using an in silico approach and the hypothesis that two opposing effects (Yin and Yang) pathways in cancer cells determine the fate of cancer cells. Identifying breast subgroup specific components of these opposing pathways may aid in selecting potential therapeutic targets as well as further classifying the heterogeneous TNBC subtype. Gene expression and patient clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) were used for this study. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to identify the more active pathways in cancer (Yin) than in normal and the more active pathways in normal (Yang) than in cancer. The clustering analysis was performed to compare pathways of TNBC with other types of breast cancers. The association of pathway classified TNBC sub-groups to clinical outcomes was tested using Cox regression model. Among 4729 curated canonical pathways in GSEA database, 133 Yin pathways (FDR pathways (p-value pathway while PPARα is the top Yang pathway in TNBC. The TNBC and other types of breast cancers showed different pathways enrichment significance profiles. Using top Yin and Yang pathways as classifier, the TNBC can be further subtyped into six sub-groups each having different clinical outcomes. We first reported that the FOMX1 pathway is the most upregulated and the PPARα pathway is the most downregulated pathway in TNBC. These two pathways could be simultaneously targeted in further studies. Also the pathway classifier we performed in this study provided insight into the TNBC heterogeneity.

  14. Banach Synaptic Algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Foulis, David J.; Pulmannov, Sylvia

    2018-04-01

    Using a representation theorem of Erik Alfsen, Frederic Schultz, and Erling Størmer for special JB-algebras, we prove that a synaptic algebra is norm complete (i.e., Banach) if and only if it is isomorphic to the self-adjoint part of a Rickart C∗-algebra. Also, we give conditions on a Banach synaptic algebra that are equivalent to the condition that it is isomorphic to the self-adjoint part of an AW∗-algebra. Moreover, we study some relationships between synaptic algebras and so-called generalized Hermitian algebras.

  15. Einstein-Yang-Mills from pure Yang-Mills amplitudes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nandan, Dhritiman; Plefka, Jan [Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin,Zum Großen Windkanal 6, D-12489 Berlin (Germany); Schlotterer, Oliver [Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Albert-Einstein-Institut,Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam (Germany); Wen, Congkao [I.N.F.N. Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata,Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma (Italy)

    2016-10-14

    We present new relations for scattering amplitudes of color ordered gluons and gravitons in Einstein-Yang-Mills theory. Tree-level amplitudes of arbitrary multiplicities and polarizations involving up to three gravitons and up to two color traces are reduced to partial amplitudes of pure Yang-Mills theory. In fact, the double-trace identities apply to Einstein-Yang-Mills extended by a dilaton and a B-field. Our results generalize recent work of Stieberger and Taylor for the single graviton case with a single color trace. As the derivation is made in the dimension-agnostic Cachazo-He-Yuan formalism, our results are valid for external bosons in any number of spacetime dimensions. Moreover, they generalize to the superamplitudes in theories with 16 supercharges.

  16. Yin et al., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2013) 10(5):345-351 ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    cadewumi

    org/10.4314/ajtcam.v10i5.21. 345. A STUDY ON ANTI-TUMOUR EFFECT OF SOLANUM LYRATUM THUNB. EXTRACT IN. S180 TUMOUR-BEARING MICE. Yin Guan1, Hong Zhao1*, Xiang Yan1, Jing Meng1,Weilan Wang2. 1Medical ...

  17. Grassmann algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garcia, R.L.

    1983-11-01

    The Grassmann algebra is presented briefly. Exponential and logarithm of matrices functions, whose elements belong to this algebra, are studied with the help of the SCHOONSCHIP and REDUCE 2 algebraic manipulators. (Author) [pt

  18. Sigma-model formulation of the Yang-Mills theory on four-dimensional hypersphere

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ivanov, E.A.; Krivonos, S.O.

    1981-01-01

    The bilocal sigma-model representation is constructed for the Yang-Mills theory in the simplest conformally flat hyperspherical spaces So(1,4)/SO(1,3), SO(2,3)/SO(1,3) and SO(5)/SO(4). Like in the case of Minkowski and Euclidean spaces, Yang-Mills potential is defined as bsub(μ)(x)=dsub(μ)sup(y)b(x,y)|y=0 , b(x,y) being a bilocal Goldstone field which takes values in the gauge group algebra and is subjected to certain covariant constraints. The minimal version of these constraints results in the ''string'' representation for b(x,y) through the P-exponential of bsub(μ)(x) along the fixed paths coinciding with geodesics. Due to the presence of closed geodesics, the contour fuctionals naturally appear in the theory, with contours being the circles with the hypersphere radius. The sigma-model representation is shown to be Weyl-covariant: its formulations indifferent conformally flat spaces are related by transformations of ysup(rho). The geometric meaning of ysup(rho) and minimal constraints is explained, and the conformal group gransformation for ysup(rho) is found [ru

  19. Feng shui pa-kua / Ann Tenno

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Tenno, Ann, 1952-

    2003-01-01

    Pa-kua sümbol, kolmikmärkide Varane Taevane Järjestus - yin pa-kua ja Hilisem Taevane Järjestus - yang pa-kua. Inimeste kodude - majade ja aedade kujundamiseks kasutatakse Hilisema Taevase Järjestuse pa-kua'd. Pa-kua kolmikmärgid yang pa-kua järjestuses, soovitusi aia kujundamiseks. 8 ill

  20. Algebraic geometry

    CERN Document Server

    Lefschetz, Solomon

    2005-01-01

    An introduction to algebraic geometry and a bridge between its analytical-topological and algebraical aspects, this text for advanced undergraduate students is particularly relevant to those more familiar with analysis than algebra. 1953 edition.

  1. Characterization of corroded bronze Ding from the Yin Ruins of China

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ling, He; Qingrong, Zhao; Min, Gao

    2007-01-01

    This paper presents the result of scientific examinations carried out on the soil-buried archaeological bronzes Ding from Yin Ruins of China. Eight of typical fragments from different bronze Ding were selected as researched samples according to their deterioration characteristics. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy (SEM-EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to understand the corrosive morphological characteristics, to clear the nature of patina and to analyze the elementary composition of bronze Ding. The results indicated that it is not possible to distinguish the original lustrous metallic surface in most samples because of the corrosive crust. The substrate of bronze Ding contains74-86% Cu, 1.1-4.6% Pb, and 10-18% Sn, which is in agreement with the historical investigation in the ritual vessels of Shang time. Copper-containing compounds were the main constituents of natural patina: Cu 2 (OH) 3 Cl existed as corrosion product in all the powdery or crack surface; Cu 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 was the main corrosive product in a compact and hard corrosive surface. This study provides useful information for the restoration and protection of bronze Ding in Yin Ruins

  2. Converting nested algebra expressions into flat algebra expressions

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Paredaens, J.; Van Gucht, D.

    1992-01-01

    Nested relations generalize ordinary flat relations by allowing tuple values to be either atomic or set valued. The nested algebra is a generalization of the flat relational algebra to manipulate nested relations. In this paper we study the expressive power of the nested algebra relative to its

  3. 中频中药离子导入治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍疗效观察%Effect observation of traditional Chinese medicine ion introduction by intermediate frequency ultrasoundon dysphagia after stroke

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    朱峰; 张晨祥

    2002-01-01

    @@ Background: Dysphagia caused by stroke is common, but there is still no good therapy. After stroke, cerebral function is damaged severely, control function of V, VII, IX, X cranial nerve are disorder, swallow muscles can't complete swallow coordinately. Traditional Chinese medicine consider yin yang were damaged, damage of yang influence impel function of viscera and transmission function of meridian and collateral, damage of yin lead to blockage of meridian and collateral and qi blood, then dysphagia. Traditional Chinese medicine ion introduction and intermediate ultrasound combined with acupoint therapy is a kind method to treat dysphagia after stroke. It makes use of traditional Chinese medical theory and modern technique and gains good effect.

  4. Fibered F-Algebra

    OpenAIRE

    Kleyn, Aleks

    2007-01-01

    The concept of F-algebra and its representation can be extended to an arbitrary bundle. We define operations of fibered F-algebra in fiber. The paper presents the representation theory of of fibered F-algebra as well as a comparison of representation of F-algebra and of representation of fibered F-algebra.

  5. High-Energy, Multi-Octave-Spanning Mid-IR Sources via Adiabatic Difference Frequency Generation

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-10-17

    MASSACHUSETTS AVE CAMBRIDGE , MA 02139-4301 US 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) AF Office...ADFG) stage, illustrated in Fig. 2. This system represents a very simple extension of a near-IR OPCPA system to octave-spanning mid-IR, requiring...retrieved, as shown in Fig. 10. For illustration , 3 pulse shapes were selected. First, a simple linear chirp was applied to show that the pulse can be

  6. Algebraic monoids, group embeddings, and algebraic combinatorics

    CERN Document Server

    Li, Zhenheng; Steinberg, Benjamin; Wang, Qiang

    2014-01-01

    This book contains a collection of fifteen articles and is dedicated to the sixtieth birthdays of Lex Renner and Mohan Putcha, the pioneers of the field of algebraic monoids.   Topics presented include:   v  structure and representation theory of reductive algebraic monoids v  monoid schemes and applications of monoids v  monoids related to Lie theory v  equivariant embeddings of algebraic groups v  constructions and properties of monoids from algebraic combinatorics v  endomorphism monoids induced from vector bundles v  Hodge–Newton decompositions of reductive monoids   A portion of these articles are designed to serve as a self-contained introduction to these topics, while the remaining contributions are research articles containing previously unpublished results, which are sure to become very influential for future work. Among these, for example, the important recent work of Michel Brion and Lex Renner showing that the algebraic semigroups are strongly π-regular.   Graduate students as well a...

  7. Leavitt path algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Abrams, Gene; Siles Molina, Mercedes

    2017-01-01

    This book offers a comprehensive introduction by three of the leading experts in the field, collecting fundamental results and open problems in a single volume. Since Leavitt path algebras were first defined in 2005, interest in these algebras has grown substantially, with ring theorists as well as researchers working in graph C*-algebras, group theory and symbolic dynamics attracted to the topic. Providing a historical perspective on the subject, the authors review existing arguments, establish new results, and outline the major themes and ring-theoretic concepts, such as the ideal structure, Z-grading and the close link between Leavitt path algebras and graph C*-algebras. The book also presents key lines of current research, including the Algebraic Kirchberg Phillips Question, various additional classification questions, and connections to noncommutative algebraic geometry. Leavitt Path Algebras will appeal to graduate students and researchers working in the field and related areas, such as C*-algebras and...

  8. Approximation of complex algebraic numbers by algebraic numbers of bounded degree

    OpenAIRE

    Bugeaud, Yann; Evertse, Jan-Hendrik

    2007-01-01

    We investigate how well complex algebraic numbers can be approximated by algebraic numbers of degree at most n. We also investigate how well complex algebraic numbers can be approximated by algebraic integers of degree at most n+1. It follows from our investigations that for every positive integer n there are complex algebraic numbers of degree larger than n that are better approximable by algebraic numbers of degree at most n than almost all complex numbers. As it turns out, these numbers ar...

  9. Operadic formulation of topological vertex algebras and gerstenhaber or Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang Yizhi

    1994-01-01

    We give the operadic formulation of (weak, strong) topological vertex algebras, which are variants of topological vertex operator algebras studied recently by Lian and Zuckerman. As an application, we obtain a conceptual and geometric construction of the Batalin-Vilkovisky algebraic structure (or the Gerstenhaber algebra structure) on the cohomology of a topological vertex algebra (or of a weak topological vertex algebra) by combining this operadic formulation with a theorem of Getzler (or of Cohen) which formulates Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras (or Gerstenhaber algebras) in terms of the homology of the framed little disk operad (or of the little disk operad). (orig.)

  10. Coalgebraic structure of genetic inheritance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tian, Jianjun; Li, Bai-Lian

    2004-09-01

    Although in the broadly defined genetic algebra, multiplication suggests a forward direction of from parents to progeny, when looking from the reverse direction, it also suggests to us a new algebraic structure-coalge- braic structure, which we call genetic coalgebras. It is not the dual coalgebraic structure and can be used in the construction of phylogenetic trees. Math- ematically, to construct phylogenetic trees means we need to solve equations x([n]) = a, or x([n]) = b. It is generally impossible to solve these equations inalgebras. However, we can solve them in coalgebras in the sense of tracing back for their ancestors. A thorough exploration of coalgebraic structure in genetics is apparently necessary. Here, we develop a theoretical framework of the coalgebraic structure of genetics. From biological viewpoint, we defined various fundamental concepts and examined their elementary properties that contain genetic significance. Mathematically, by genetic coalgebra, we mean any coalgebra that occurs in genetics. They are generally noncoassociative and without counit; and in the case of non-sex-linked inheritance, they are cocommutative. Each coalgebra with genetic realization has a baric property. We have also discussed the methods to construct new genetic coalgebras, including cocommutative duplication, the tensor product, linear combinations and the skew linear map, which allow us to describe complex genetic traits. We also put forward certain theorems that state the relationship between gametic coalgebra and gametic algebra. By Brower's theorem in topology, we prove the existence of equilibrium state for the in-evolution operator.

  11. Wn(2) algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feigin, B.L.; Semikhatov, A.M.

    2004-01-01

    We construct W-algebra generalizations of the sl-circumflex(2) algebra-W algebras W n (2) generated by two currents E and F with the highest pole of order n in their OPE. The n=3 term in this series is the Bershadsky-Polyakov W 3 (2) algebra. We define these algebras as a centralizer (commutant) of the Uqs-bar (n vertical bar 1) quantum supergroup and explicitly find the generators in a factored, 'Miura-like' form. Another construction of the W n (2) algebras is in terms of the coset sl-circumflex(n vertical bar 1)/sl-circumflex(n). The relation between the two constructions involves the 'duality' (k+n-1)(k'+n-1)=1 between levels k and k' of two sl-circumflex(n) algebras

  12. The vacuum preserving Lie algebra of a classical W-algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feher, L.; Tsutsui, I.

    1993-07-01

    We simplify and generalize an argument due to Bowcock and Watts showing that one can associate a finite Lie algebra (the 'classical vacuum preserving algebra') containing the Moebius sl(2) subalgebra to any classical W-algebra. Our construction is based on a kinematical analysis of the Poisson brackets of quasi-fields. In the case of the W S G -subalgebra S of a simple Lie algebra G, we exhibit a natural isomorphism between this finite Lie algebra and G whereby the Moebius sl(2) is identified with S. (orig.)

  13. Nonflexible Lie-admissible algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Myung, H.C.

    1978-01-01

    We discuss the structure of Lie-admissible algebras which are defined by nonflexible identities. These algebras largely arise from the antiflexible algebras, 2-varieties and associator dependent algebras. The nonflexible Lie-admissible algebras in our discussion are in essence byproducts of the study of nonassociative algebras defined by identities of degree 3. The main purpose is to discuss the classification of simple Lie-admissible algebras of nonflexible type

  14. On 2-Banach algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mohammad, N.; Siddiqui, A.H.

    1987-11-01

    The notion of a 2-Banach algebra is introduced and its structure is studied. After a short discussion of some fundamental properties of bivectors and tensor product, several classical results of Banach algebras are extended to the 2-Banach algebra case. A condition under which a 2-Banach algebra becomes a Banach algebra is obtained and the relation between algebra of bivectors and 2-normed algebra is discussed. 11 refs

  15. Algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Flanders, Harley

    1975-01-01

    Algebra presents the essentials of algebra with some applications. The emphasis is on practical skills, problem solving, and computational techniques. Topics covered range from equations and inequalities to functions and graphs, polynomial and rational functions, and exponentials and logarithms. Trigonometric functions and complex numbers are also considered, together with exponentials and logarithms.Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the fundamentals of algebra, each topic explained, illustrated, and accompanied by an ample set of exercises. The proper use of a

  16. Lukasiewicz-Moisil algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Boicescu, V; Georgescu, G; Rudeanu, S

    1991-01-01

    The Lukasiewicz-Moisil algebras were created by Moisil as an algebraic counterpart for the many-valued logics of Lukasiewicz. The theory of LM-algebras has developed to a considerable extent both as an algebraic theory of intrinsic interest and in view of its applications to logic and switching theory.This book gives an overview of the theory, comprising both classical results and recent contributions, including those of the authors. N-valued and &THgr;-valued algebras are presented, as well as &THgr;-algebras with negation.Mathematicians interested in lattice theory or symbolic logic, and computer scientists, will find in this monograph stimulating material for further research.

  17. Abstract Algebra for Algebra Teaching: Influencing School Mathematics Instruction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wasserman, Nicholas H.

    2016-01-01

    This article explores the potential for aspects of abstract algebra to be influential for the teaching of school algebra (and early algebra). Using national standards for analysis, four primary areas common in school mathematics--and their progression across elementary, middle, and secondary mathematics--where teaching may be transformed by…

  18. Martensitic transformation in Heusler alloys Mn2YIn (Y=Ni, Pd and Pt): Theoretical and experimental investigation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Luo, Hongzhi; Liu, Bohua; Xin, Yuepeng; Jia, Pengzhong; Meng, Fanbin; Liu, Enke; Wang, Wenhong; Wu, Guangheng

    2015-01-01

    The martensitic transformation and electronic structure of Heusler alloys Mn 2 YIn (Y=Ni, Pd, Pt) have been investigated by both first-principles calculation and experimental investigation. Theoretical calculation reveals that, the energy difference ΔE between the tetragonal martensitic phase and cubic austenitic phase increases with Y varying from Ni to Pt in Mn 2 YIn. Thus a structural transition from cubic to tetragonal is most likely to happen in Heusler alloy Mn 2 PtIn. A single Heusler phase can be obtained in both Mn 2 PtIn and Mn 2 PdIn. A martensitic transformation temperature of 615 K has been identified in Mn 2 PtIn. And in Mn 2 PdIn, the austenitic phase is stable and no martensitic transformation is observed till 5 K. This indicates there may exist a positive relation between ΔE and martensitic transformation temperature. Calculated results show that Mn 2 YIn are all ferrimagnets in both austenitic and martensitic phases. The magnetic properties are mainly determined by the antiparallel aligned Mn spin moments. These findings can help to develop new FSMAs with novel properties. - Highlights: • Positive relation between ΔE and martensitic transformation temperature has been observed. • Heusler alloy Mn 2 PdIn has been synthesized successfully and investigated. • Martensitic transformation in Heusler alloys can be predicted by first -principles calculations

  19. The Boolean algebra and central Galois algebras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    George Szeto

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Let B be a Galois algebra with Galois group G, Jg={b∈B∣bx=g(xb   for all   x∈B} for g∈G, and BJg=Beg for a central idempotent eg. Then a relation is given between the set of elements in the Boolean algebra (Ba,≤ generated by {0,eg∣g∈G} and a set of subgroups of G, and a central Galois algebra Be with a Galois subgroup of G is characterized for an e∈Ba.

  20. Wavelets and quantum algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ludu, A.; Greiner, M.

    1995-09-01

    A non-linear associative algebra is realized in terms of translation and dilation operators, and a wavelet structure generating algebra is obtained. We show that this algebra is a q-deformation of the Fourier series generating algebra, and reduces to this for certain value of the deformation parameter. This algebra is also homeomorphic with the q-deformed su q (2) algebra and some of its extensions. Through this algebraic approach new methods for obtaining the wavelets are introduced. (author). 20 refs

  1. Novikov-Jordan algebras

    OpenAIRE

    Dzhumadil'daev, A. S.

    2002-01-01

    Algebras with identity $(a\\star b)\\star (c\\star d) -(a\\star d)\\star(c\\star b)$ $=(a,b,c)\\star d-(a,d,c)\\star b$ are studied. Novikov algebras under Jordan multiplication and Leibniz dual algebras satisfy this identity. If algebra with such identity has unit, then it is associative and commutative.

  2. Using Linear Algebra to Introduce Computer Algebra, Numerical Analysis, Data Structures and Algorithms (and To Teach Linear Algebra, Too).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gonzalez-Vega, Laureano

    1999-01-01

    Using a Computer Algebra System (CAS) to help with the teaching of an elementary course in linear algebra can be one way to introduce computer algebra, numerical analysis, data structures, and algorithms. Highlights the advantages and disadvantages of this approach to the teaching of linear algebra. (Author/MM)

  3. (Quasi-)Poisson enveloping algebras

    OpenAIRE

    Yang, Yan-Hong; Yao, Yuan; Ye, Yu

    2010-01-01

    We introduce the quasi-Poisson enveloping algebra and Poisson enveloping algebra for a non-commutative Poisson algebra. We prove that for a non-commutative Poisson algebra, the category of quasi-Poisson modules is equivalent to the category of left modules over its quasi-Poisson enveloping algebra, and the category of Poisson modules is equivalent to the category of left modules over its Poisson enveloping algebra.

  4. Iterated Leavitt Path Algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hazrat, R.

    2009-11-01

    Leavitt path algebras associate to directed graphs a Z-graded algebra and in their simplest form recover the Leavitt algebras L(1,k). In this note, we introduce iterated Leavitt path algebras associated to directed weighted graphs which have natural ± Z grading and in their simplest form recover the Leavitt algebras L(n,k). We also characterize Leavitt path algebras which are strongly graded. (author)

  5. Algebraic topological entropy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hudetz, T.

    1989-01-01

    As a 'by-product' of the Connes-Narnhofer-Thirring theory of dynamical entropy for (originally non-Abelian) nuclear C * -algebras, the well-known variational principle for topological entropy is eqivalently reformulated in purly algebraically defined terms for (separable) Abelian C * -algebras. This 'algebraic variational principle' should not only nicely illustrate the 'feed-back' of methods developed for quantum dynamical systems to the classical theory, but it could also be proved directly by 'algebraic' methods and could thus further simplify the original proof of the variational principle (at least 'in principle'). 23 refs. (Author)

  6. Linearizing W-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Krivonos, S.O.; Sorin, A.S.

    1994-06-01

    We show that the Zamolodchikov's and Polyakov-Bershadsky nonlinear algebras W 3 and W (2) 3 can be embedded as subalgebras into some linear algebras with finite set of currents. Using these linear algebras we find new field realizations of W (2) 3 and W 3 which could be a starting point for constructing new versions of W-string theories. We also reveal a number of hidden relationships between W 3 and W (2) 3 . We conjecture that similar linear algebras can exist for other W-algebra as well. (author). 10 refs

  7. Quantum deformed su(mvertical stroke n) algebra and superconformal algebra on quantum superspace

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kobayashi, Tatsuo

    1993-01-01

    We study a deformed su(mvertical stroke n) algebra on a quantum superspace. Some interesting aspects of the deformed algebra are shown. As an application of the deformed algebra we construct a deformed superconformal algebra. From the deformed su(1vertical stroke 4) algebra, we derive deformed Lorentz, translation of Minkowski space, iso(2,2) and its supersymmetric algebras as closed subalgebras with consistent automorphisms. (orig.)

  8. Linear algebraic groups

    CERN Document Server

    Springer, T A

    1998-01-01

    "[The first] ten chapters...are an efficient, accessible, and self-contained introduction to affine algebraic groups over an algebraically closed field. The author includes exercises and the book is certainly usable by graduate students as a text or for self-study...the author [has a] student-friendly style… [The following] seven chapters... would also be a good introduction to rationality issues for algebraic groups. A number of results from the literature…appear for the first time in a text." –Mathematical Reviews (Review of the Second Edition) "This book is a completely new version of the first edition. The aim of the old book was to present the theory of linear algebraic groups over an algebraically closed field. Reading that book, many people entered the research field of linear algebraic groups. The present book has a wider scope. Its aim is to treat the theory of linear algebraic groups over arbitrary fields. Again, the author keeps the treatment of prerequisites self-contained. The material of t...

  9. Extended conformal algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goddard, Peter

    1990-01-01

    The algebra of the group of conformal transformations in two dimensions consists of two commuting copies of the Virasoro algebra. In many mathematical and physical contexts, the representations of ν which are relevant satisfy two conditions: they are unitary and they have the ''positive energy'' property that L o is bounded below. In an irreducible unitary representation the central element c takes a fixed real value. In physical contexts, the value of c is a characteristic of a theory. If c < 1, it turns out that the conformal algebra is sufficient to ''solve'' the theory, in the sense of relating the calculation of the infinite set of physically interesting quantities to a finite subset which can be handled in principle. For c ≥ 1, this is no longer the case for the algebra alone and one needs some sort of extended conformal algebra, such as the superconformal algebra. It is these algebras that this paper aims at addressing. (author)

  10. The pipeline system for Octave and Matlab (PSOM): a lightweight scripting framework and execution engine for scientific workflows.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bellec, Pierre; Lavoie-Courchesne, Sébastien; Dickinson, Phil; Lerch, Jason P; Zijdenbos, Alex P; Evans, Alan C

    2012-01-01

    The analysis of neuroimaging databases typically involves a large number of inter-connected steps called a pipeline. The pipeline system for Octave and Matlab (PSOM) is a flexible framework for the implementation of pipelines in the form of Octave or Matlab scripts. PSOM does not introduce new language constructs to specify the steps and structure of the workflow. All steps of analysis are instead described by a regular Matlab data structure, documenting their associated command and options, as well as their input, output, and cleaned-up files. The PSOM execution engine provides a number of automated services: (1) it executes jobs in parallel on a local computing facility as long as the dependencies between jobs allow for it and sufficient resources are available; (2) it generates a comprehensive record of the pipeline stages and the history of execution, which is detailed enough to fully reproduce the analysis; (3) if an analysis is started multiple times, it executes only the parts of the pipeline that need to be reprocessed. PSOM is distributed under an open-source MIT license and can be used without restriction for academic or commercial projects. The package has no external dependencies besides Matlab or Octave, is straightforward to install and supports of variety of operating systems (Linux, Windows, Mac). We ran several benchmark experiments on a public database including 200 subjects, using a pipeline for the preprocessing of functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI). The benchmark results showed that PSOM is a powerful solution for the analysis of large databases using local or distributed computing resources.

  11. Generalized symmetry algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dragon, N.

    1979-01-01

    The possible use of trilinear algebras as symmetry algebras for para-Fermi fields is investigated. The shortcomings of the examples are argued to be a general feature of such generalized algebras. (author)

  12. [Effects and mechanism of Angelicae Sinensis Radix on Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg in mice with asthma and Yin deficiency syndrome].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ma, Ting-Ting; Feng, Xing-Zhong; Wang, Xue-Yan

    2017-02-01

    Angelicae Sinensis Radix, with nourishing Yin, promoting blood circulation, and moisturizing dryness functions, is commonly used in clinical medicine. In order to investigate the effects and mechanism of Angelica sinensis(AS) on Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg in mice with asthma and Yin deficiency syndrome, asthmatic and Yin deficiency syndrome Balb/c mice models were established by injecting and inhaling ovalbumin(OVA) and thyroxin. The models were treated with dexamethasone(DXM), AS extract and AS extract+DXM, respectively. Pathological examination of lung tissues was conducted by HE staining, and ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-4, IL-17, IFN-γ, TGF-β as well as retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (RORγt). Results showed that AS could significantly improve the situation of inflammation infiltration, increase ratios of IFN-γ/IL-4 and TGF-β/IL-17, decrease the levels of RORγt in lung tissues. The AS+DXM group showed a best treatment effect. The results indicated that AS played a therapeutic role for asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome and improved airway inflammation by inhibiting the expression of RORγt in lung tissues and regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

  13. Rota-Baxter algebras and the Hopf algebra of renormalization

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ebrahimi-Fard, K.

    2006-06-15

    Recently, the theory of renormalization in perturbative quantum field theory underwent some exciting new developments. Kreimer discovered an organization of Feynman graphs into combinatorial Hopf algebras. The process of renormalization is captured by a factorization theorem for regularized Hopf algebra characters. Hereby the notion of Rota-Baxter algebras enters the scene. In this work we develop in detail several mathematical aspects of Rota-Baxter algebras as they appear also in other sectors closely related to perturbative renormalization, to wit, for instance multiple-zeta-values and matrix differential equations. The Rota-Baxter picture enables us to present the algebraic underpinning for the Connes-Kreimer Birkhoff decomposition in a concise way. This is achieved by establishing a general factorization theorem for filtered algebras. Which in turn follows from a new recursion formula based on the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula. This allows us to generalize a classical result due to Spitzer to non-commutative Rota-Baxter algebras. The Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff based recursion turns out to be a generalization of Magnus' expansion in numerical analysis to generalized integration operators. We will exemplify these general results by establishing a simple representation of the combinatorics of renormalization in terms of triangular matrices. We thereby recover in the presence of a Rota-Baxter operator the matrix representation of the Birkhoff decomposition of Connes and Kreimer. (orig.)

  14. Rota-Baxter algebras and the Hopf algebra of renormalization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ebrahimi-Fard, K.

    2006-06-01

    Recently, the theory of renormalization in perturbative quantum field theory underwent some exciting new developments. Kreimer discovered an organization of Feynman graphs into combinatorial Hopf algebras. The process of renormalization is captured by a factorization theorem for regularized Hopf algebra characters. Hereby the notion of Rota-Baxter algebras enters the scene. In this work we develop in detail several mathematical aspects of Rota-Baxter algebras as they appear also in other sectors closely related to perturbative renormalization, to wit, for instance multiple-zeta-values and matrix differential equations. The Rota-Baxter picture enables us to present the algebraic underpinning for the Connes-Kreimer Birkhoff decomposition in a concise way. This is achieved by establishing a general factorization theorem for filtered algebras. Which in turn follows from a new recursion formula based on the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula. This allows us to generalize a classical result due to Spitzer to non-commutative Rota-Baxter algebras. The Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff based recursion turns out to be a generalization of Magnus' expansion in numerical analysis to generalized integration operators. We will exemplify these general results by establishing a simple representation of the combinatorics of renormalization in terms of triangular matrices. We thereby recover in the presence of a Rota-Baxter operator the matrix representation of the Birkhoff decomposition of Connes and Kreimer. (orig.)

  15. Galilean contractions of W-algebras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jørgen Rasmussen

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Infinite-dimensional Galilean conformal algebras can be constructed by contracting pairs of symmetry algebras in conformal field theory, such as W-algebras. Known examples include contractions of pairs of the Virasoro algebra, its N=1 superconformal extension, or the W3 algebra. Here, we introduce a contraction prescription of the corresponding operator-product algebras, or equivalently, a prescription for contracting tensor products of vertex algebras. With this, we work out the Galilean conformal algebras arising from contractions of N=2 and N=4 superconformal algebras as well as of the W-algebras W(2,4, W(2,6, W4, and W5. The latter results provide evidence for the existence of a whole new class of W-algebras which we call Galilean W-algebras. We also apply the contraction prescription to affine Lie algebras and find that the ensuing Galilean affine algebras admit a Sugawara construction. The corresponding central charge is level-independent and given by twice the dimension of the underlying finite-dimensional Lie algebra. Finally, applications of our results to the characterisation of structure constants in W-algebras are proposed.

  16. Quantum affine algebras and deformations of the virasoro and W-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Frenkel, E.; Reshetikhin, N.

    1996-01-01

    Using the Wakimoto realization of quantum affine algebras we define new Poisson algebras, which are q-deformations of the classical W-algebras. We also define their free field realizations, i.e. homomorphisms into some Heisenberg-Poisson algebras. The formulas for these homomorphisms coincide with formulas for spectra of transfer-matrices in the corresponding quantum integrable models derived by the Bethe-Ansatz method. (orig.)

  17. Algebraic entropy for algebraic maps

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hone, A N W; Ragnisco, Orlando; Zullo, Federico

    2016-01-01

    We propose an extension of the concept of algebraic entropy, as introduced by Bellon and Viallet for rational maps, to algebraic maps (or correspondences) of a certain kind. The corresponding entropy is an index of the complexity of the map. The definition inherits the basic properties from the definition of entropy for rational maps. We give an example with positive entropy, as well as two examples taken from the theory of Bäcklund transformations. (letter)

  18. On hyper BCC-algebras

    OpenAIRE

    Borzooei, R. A.; Dudek, W. A.; Koohestani, N.

    2006-01-01

    We study hyper BCC-algebras which are a common generalization of BCC-algebras and hyper BCK-algebras. In particular, we investigate different types of hyper BCC-ideals and describe the relationship among them. Next, we calculate all nonisomorphic 22 hyper BCC-algebras of order 3 of which only three are not hyper BCK-algebras.

  19. 76 FR 52952 - Student Services Contract EP-11-D-000403 Yin Gu; Transfer of Data

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-08-24

    ... will enable Student Services Contract EP-11-D-000403 Yin Gu to fulfill the obligations of the contract... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-HQ-OPP-2011-0038; FRL-8884-1] Student Services Contract EP-11... Business Information (CBI) by the submitter, will be transferred to Student Services Contract EP- 11-D...

  20. On hyper BCC-algebras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. A. Borzooei

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available We study hyper BCC-algebras which are a common generalization of BCC-algebras and hyper BCK-algebras. In particular, we investigate different types of hyper BCC-ideals and describe the relationship among them. Next, we calculate all nonisomorphic 22 hyper BCC-algebras of order 3 of which only three are not hyper BCK-algebras.

  1. Algebraic theory of numbers

    CERN Document Server

    Samuel, Pierre

    2008-01-01

    Algebraic number theory introduces students not only to new algebraic notions but also to related concepts: groups, rings, fields, ideals, quotient rings and quotient fields, homomorphisms and isomorphisms, modules, and vector spaces. Author Pierre Samuel notes that students benefit from their studies of algebraic number theory by encountering many concepts fundamental to other branches of mathematics - algebraic geometry, in particular.This book assumes a knowledge of basic algebra but supplements its teachings with brief, clear explanations of integrality, algebraic extensions of fields, Gal

  2. [Effects of Electroacupuncture on Joint Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients of Liver- and Kidney-Yin Deficiency Type].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Yin; Zhu, Jun; Li, Lian-Bo; He, Tian-Feng; Chen, Xiao-Yi; Zheng, Yong-Yao; Chen, Yun-Fei

    2016-10-25

    To compare the effects between electroacupuncture (EA) plus western medicine and simple western medicine in improving clinical symptoms and local joint function of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with yin deficiency of Liver and Kidney. A total of 68 RA patients of yin deficiency of Liver and Kidney were equally randomized into EA+medication group and medication group ( n =34 in each group). Both groups were given once-a-week methotrexate (7.5 mg/time) and once-a-day leflunomide (10 mg/time), while EA+medication group was additionally treated by EA at bilateral Ganshu (BL 18), Shenshu (BL 23), Xuanzhong (GB 39), Zusanli (ST 36), Taichong (LR 3), Hegu (LI 4) 3 times/week. The treatment lasted for 12 weeks. The visual analogue scale (VAS, for assessing rest pain), swollen joint count (SJC), tender joint count (TJC), patient's global assessment (PGA), physician's global assessment (PhGA), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom scoring, 28 joints activity index (disease activity score, DAS 28), American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR 20, i.e. 20% of clinical improving rate), and health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) were assessed and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were examined for comparison. Statistical differences were observed in before-after-treatment comparisons in both groups in reducing rest pain, SJC, TJC, serum CRP content, PGA and PhGA, HAQ scoring and DAS 28 ( P yin deficiency of Liver and Kidney.

  3. The BRS algebra of a free differential algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boukraa, S.

    1987-04-01

    We construct in this work, the Weil and the universal BRS algebras of theories that can have as a gauge symmetry a free differential (Sullivan) algebra, the natural extension of Lie algebras allowing the definition of p-form gauge potentials (p>1). The finite gauge transformations of these potentials are deduced from the infinitesimal ones and the group structure is shown. The geometrical meaning of these p-form gauge potentials is given by the notion of a Quillen superconnection. (author). 19 refs

  4. Pseudo-Riemannian Novikov algebras

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chen Zhiqi; Zhu Fuhai [School of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China)], E-mail: chenzhiqi@nankai.edu.cn, E-mail: zhufuhai@nankai.edu.cn

    2008-08-08

    Novikov algebras were introduced in connection with the Poisson brackets of hydrodynamic-type and Hamiltonian operators in formal variational calculus. Pseudo-Riemannian Novikov algebras denote Novikov algebras with non-degenerate invariant symmetric bilinear forms. In this paper, we find that there is a remarkable geometry on pseudo-Riemannian Novikov algebras, and give a special class of pseudo-Riemannian Novikov algebras.

  5. On the PR-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lebedenko, V.M.

    1978-01-01

    The PR-algebras, i.e. the Lie algebras with commutation relations of [Hsub(i),Hsub(j)]=rsub(ij)Hsub(i)(i< j) type are investigated. On the basis of former results a criterion for the membership of 2-solvable Lie algebras to the PR-algebra class is given. The conditions imposed by the criterion are formulated in the linear algebra language

  6. Introduction to W-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takao, Masaru

    1989-01-01

    We review W-algebras which are generated by stress tensor and primary fields. Associativity plays an important role in determining the extended algebra and further implies the algebras to exist for special values of central charges. Explicitly constructing the algebras including primary fields of spin less than 4, we investigate the closure structure of the Jacobi identity of the extended algebras. (author)

  7. Desarrollo de generadores de números pseudoaleaorios en Octave

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pérez, Cecilia

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Modelos y Simulación es una asignatura optativa de la Carrera de Licenciatura en Sistemas de Información, de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, en Corrientes, Argentina. Este trabajo describe el diseño y construcción de un entorno virtual de enseñanza-aprendizaje aplicable en el ámbito de la asignatura, para afianzar el aprendizaje de los métodos de generación de números pseudoaleatorios y las pruebas estadísticas para la verificación de los mismos, empleando Octave en el desarrollo. El software educativo permite al alumno realizar prácticas interactivas y experimentar evaluaciones comparativas orientadas a seleccionar el generador más óptimo, constituyendo un recurso didáctico a ser incorporado como herramienta complementaria en el dictado de la asignatura.

  8. (Modular Effect Algebras are Equivalent to (Frobenius Antispecial Algebras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dusko Pavlovic

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Effect algebras are one of the generalizations of Boolean algebras proposed in the quest for a quantum logic. Frobenius algebras are a tool of categorical quantum mechanics, used to present various families of observables in abstract, often nonstandard frameworks. Both effect algebras and Frobenius algebras capture their respective fragments of quantum mechanics by elegant and succinct axioms; and both come with their conceptual mysteries. A particularly elegant and mysterious constraint, imposed on Frobenius algebras to characterize a class of tripartite entangled states, is the antispecial law. A particularly contentious issue on the quantum logic side is the modularity law, proposed by von Neumann to mitigate the failure of distributivity of quantum logical connectives. We show that, if quantum logic and categorical quantum mechanics are formalized in the same framework, then the antispecial law of categorical quantum mechanics corresponds to the natural requirement of effect algebras that the units are each other's unique complements; and that the modularity law corresponds to the Frobenius condition. These correspondences lead to the equivalence announced in the title. Aligning the two formalisms, at the very least, sheds new light on the concepts that are more clearly displayed on one side than on the other (such as e.g. the orthogonality. Beyond that, it may also open up new approaches to deep and important problems of quantum mechanics (such as the classification of complementary observables.

  9. An algorithm to construct the basic algebra of a skew group algebra

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Horobeţ, E.

    2016-01-01

    We give an algorithm for the computation of the basic algebra Morita equivalent to a skew group algebra of a path algebra by obtaining formulas for the number of vertices and arrows of the new quiver Qb. We apply this algorithm to compute the basic algebra corresponding to all simple quaternion

  10. NILAI-NILAI BUDAYA YANG MENDASARI PEMERATAAN MAKANAN YANG DAPAT MENUNJANG GIZI KELUARGA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kasnodihardjo Kasnodihardjo

    2014-05-01

    distributed to the people who came to the house who conducted the “selametan” and distributed also to the neighbouring households. This tradition allows every family to get adequate nutrition both in quantity and quality due to the variation of the food. The sharing of food among households through social tradition will always happen in the community lives in Gadingsari village and will continue as long as people still cling to the cultural values of solidarity and a high tolerance to the fellow community. The sharing of good food among the people will give extra nutrition to the family, and indirectly affect the health status of mother and child. Cultural values are still strongly held by the community as a form of solidarity as well as a high tolerance among them.Keywords : Cultural Values, Equity , Food , Nutrition , FamilyAbstrakHasil analisis Riskesdas 2010 menggambarkan bahwa Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta termasuk 10 besar dari seluruh kabupaten/kota di Indonesia yang mempunyai Indek Pembangunan Kesehatan Masyarakat (IPKM cukup baik yaitu sebesar 0,69148. IPKM yang merupakan komposit yang menggambarkan kemajuan pembangunan kesehatan termasuk didalamnya kesehatan ibu dan anak. Jika mendasarkan pada asumsi bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan kemajuan ekonomi suatu masyarakat dengan tingginya status kesehatan masyarakat maka untuk daerah Bantul menjadikan suatu pertanyaan, karena jumlah keluarga pra-sejahtera atau keluarga miskin di kabupaten tersebut masih cukup tinggi. Oleh karena itu perlu diungkap berbagai faktor endogen; salah satunya faktor sosial budaya yang diduga ikut berperan menunjang status kesehatan masyarakat di kabupaten tersebut. Daerah penelitian dikonsentrasikan di desa Gadingsari Kecamatan Sanden Bantul Yogyakarta, yang mana kasus kematian bayi dan balita sedikit. Data berupa berbagai informasi budaya kaitannya dengan KIA dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam kepada sejumlah informan yang terdiri dari ibu-ibu yang sedang hamil dan atau pernah

  11. Compact quantum group C*-algebras as Hopf algebras with approximate unit

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Do Ngoc Diep; Phung Ho Hai; Kuku, A.O.

    1999-04-01

    In this paper, we construct and study the representation theory of a Hopf C*-algebra with approximate unit, which constitutes quantum analogue of a compact group C*-algebra. The construction is done by first introducing a convolution-product on an arbitrary Hopf algebra H with integral, and then constructing the L 2 and C*-envelopes of H (with the new convolution-product) when H is a compact Hopf *-algebra. (author)

  12. Intervals in Generalized Effect Algebras and their Sub-generalized Effect Algebras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zdenka Riečanová

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available We consider subsets G of a generalized effect algebra E with 0∈G and such that every interval [0, q]G = [0, q]E ∩ G of G (q ∈ G , q ≠ 0 is a sub-effect algebra of the effect algebra [0, q]E. We give a condition on E and G under which every such G is a sub-generalized effect algebra of E.

  13. Variants of bosonization in parabosonic algebra: the Hopf and super-Hopf structures in parabosonic algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kanakoglou, K; Daskaloyannis, C

    2008-01-01

    Parabosonic algebra in finite or infinite degrees of freedom is considered as a Z 2 -graded associative algebra, and is shown to be a Z 2 -graded (or super) Hopf algebra. The super-Hopf algebraic structure of the parabosonic algebra is established directly without appealing to its relation to the osp(1/2n) Lie superalgebraic structure. The notion of super-Hopf algebra is equivalently described as a Hopf algebra in the braided monoidal category CZ 2 M. The bosonization technique for switching a Hopf algebra in the braided monoidal category H M (where H is a quasitriangular Hopf algebra) into an ordinary Hopf algebra is reviewed. In this paper, we prove that for the parabosonic algebra P B , beyond the application of the bosonization technique to the original super-Hopf algebra, a bosonization-like construction is also achieved using two operators, related to the parabosonic total number operator. Both techniques switch the same super-Hopf algebra P B to an ordinary Hopf algebra, thus producing two different variants of P B , with an ordinary Hopf structure

  14. The C*-algebra of a vector bundle and fields of Cuntz algebras

    OpenAIRE

    Vasselli, Ezio

    2004-01-01

    We study the Pimsner algebra associated with the module of continuous sections of a Hilbert bundle, and prove that it is a continuous bundle of Cuntz algebras. We discuss the role of such Pimsner algebras w.r.t. the notion of inner endomorphism. Furthermore, we study bundles of Cuntz algebras carrying a global circle action, and assign to them a class in the representable KK-group of the zero-grade bundle. We compute such class for the Pimsner algebra of a vector bundle.

  15. PERFORMANSI PERTUMBUHAN DAN REPRODUKSI UDANG WINDU ASAL TAMBAK YANG DIBERI KOMBINASI PAKAN YANG BERBEDA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Asda Laining

    2014-03-01

    105.000-135.000 (120.000 untuk 40FF60DP. Kadar DHA, EPA, dan ARA dalam karkas induk yang diberi pakan 40FF60DP tertinggi dibandingkan dua pakan lainnya. Alkalinitas selama pemeliharaan berlangsung baik untuk uji pakan fase prematurasi maupun maturasi relatif rendah yaitu < 85 mg/L. Berdasarkan perkembangan gonad secara alami pada fase prematurasi, udang windu yang diberi pakan 40FF60DP memberikan performansi yang lebih baik dan pada fase maturasi pun kombinasi pakan 40FF60DP memberikan performansi reproduksi yang relatif sama dengan 100FF dan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan 40FF60SP.

  16. Bicovariant quantum algebras and quantum Lie algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schupp, P.; Watts, P.; Zumino, B.

    1993-01-01

    A bicovariant calculus of differential operators on a quantum group is constructed in a natural way, using invariant maps from Fun(G q ) to U q g, given by elements of the pure braid group. These operators - the 'reflection matrix' Y= triple bond L + SL - being a special case - generate algebras that linearly close under adjoint actions, i.e. they form generalized Lie algebras. We establish the connection between the Hopf algebra formulation of the calculus and a formulation in compact matrix form which is quite powerful for actual computations and as applications we find the quantum determinant and an orthogonality relation for Y in SO q (N). (orig.)

  17. Simple relation algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Givant, Steven

    2017-01-01

    This monograph details several different methods for constructing simple relation algebras, many of which are new with this book. By drawing these seemingly different methods together, all are shown to be aspects of one general approach, for which several applications are given. These tools for constructing and analyzing relation algebras are of particular interest to mathematicians working in logic, algebraic logic, or universal algebra, but will also appeal to philosophers and theoretical computer scientists working in fields that use mathematics. The book is written with a broad audience in mind and features a careful, pedagogical approach; an appendix contains the requisite background material in relation algebras. Over 400 exercises provide ample opportunities to engage with the material, making this a monograph equally appropriate for use in a special topics course or for independent study. Readers interested in pursuing an extended background study of relation algebras will find a comprehensive treatme...

  18. Agua y experiencia espiritual. Los jardines de letrados en China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caroline Alder

    2007-10-01

    Es importante precisar que todas estas formas de shanshui están íntimamente relacionadas con las principales corrientes filosófico-religiosas chinas que son el confucianismo, el taoísmo y el budismo. En efecto, si el taoísmo postula que el orden cósmico está regido por dos fuerzas opuestas y complementarias, el yin y el yang, el paisaje, al ser considerado como una visión cultural del mundo y por ende de la naturaleza, considera como elementos fundamentales la montaña y el agua. La montaña, elemento yang, masculino, estático y luminoso y el agua, elemento yin, femenino, dinámico y obscuro. Estos dos elementos aparecen siempre juntos en las distintas formas de expresión del paisaje chino.

  19. Design and fabrication of the superconducting-magnet system for the Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF-B)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tatro, R.E.; Wohlwend, J.W.; Kozman, T.A.

    1982-01-01

    The superconducting magnet system for the Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF-B) consists of 24 magnets; i.e. two pairs of C-shaped Yin-Yang coils, four C-shaped transition coils, four solenoidal axicell coils, and a 12-solenoid central cell. General Dynamics Convair Division has designed all the coils and is responsible for fabricating 20 coils. The two Yin-Yang pairs (four coils) are being fabricated by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Since MFTF-B is not a magnet development program, but rather a major physics experiment critical to the mirror fusion program, the basic philosophy has been to use proven materials and analytical techniques wherever possible. The transition and axicell coils are currently being analyzed and designed, while fabrication is under way on the solenoid magnets

  20. Commercial tandem mirror reactor design with thermal barriers: WITAMIR-I

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kulcinski, G.L.; Emmert, G.A.; Maynard, C.W.

    1980-10-01

    A conceptual design of a near term commercial tandem mirror power reactor is presented. The basic configuration utilizes yin-yang minimum-B plugs with inboard thermal barriers. The maximum magnetic fields are 6.1 T, 8.1 T, and 15 T in the central cell, yin-yang, and thermal barrier magnets, respectively. The blanket utilizes Pb 83 Li 17 as the coolant and HT-9 as the structural material. This yields a high energy multiplication (1.37), a sufficient tritium breeding ratio (1.07) and has a major advantage with respect to maintenance. The plasma Q is 28 at a fusion power level of 3000 MW(t); the net electrical output is 1530 MW(e); and the overall efficiency is 39%. Cost estimates indicate that WITAMIR-I is competitive with recent tokamak power reactor designs

  1. Boolean algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Goodstein, R L

    2007-01-01

    This elementary treatment by a distinguished mathematician employs Boolean algebra as a simple medium for introducing important concepts of modern algebra. Numerous examples appear throughout the text, plus full solutions.

  2. Combinatorial commutative algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Miller, Ezra

    2005-01-01

    Offers an introduction to combinatorial commutative algebra, focusing on combinatorial techniques for multigraded polynomial rings, semigroup algebras, and determined rings. The chapters in this work cover topics ranging from homological invariants of monomial ideals and their polyhedral resolutions, to tools for studying algebraic varieties.

  3. Bosonization of non-relativistic fermions and W-infinity algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Das, S.R.; Dhar, A.; Mandal, G.; Wadia, S.R.

    1992-01-01

    In this paper the authors discuss the bosonization of non-relativistic fermions in one-space dimension in terms of bilocal operators which are naturally related to the generators of W-infinity algebra. The resulting system is analogous to the problem of a spin in a magnetic field for the group W-infinity. The new dynamical variables turn out to be W-infinity group elements valued in the coset W-infinity/H where H is a Cartan subalgebra. A classical action with an H gauge invariance is presented. This action is three-dimensional. It turns out to be similar to the action that describes the color degrees of freedom of a Yang-Mills particle in a fixed external field. The authors also discuss the relation of this action with the one recently arrived at in the Euclidean continuation of the theory using different coordinates

  4. Topological أ-algebras with Cأ-enveloping algebras II

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    necessarily complete) pro-Cأ-topology which coincides with the relative uniform .... problems in Cأ-algebras, Phillips introduced more general weakly Cأ- .... Banach أ-algebra obtained by completing A=Np in the norm jjxpjjp ¼ pًxق where.

  5. C*-algebras by example

    CERN Document Server

    Davidson, Kenneth R

    1996-01-01

    The subject of C*-algebras received a dramatic revitalization in the 1970s by the introduction of topological methods through the work of Brown, Douglas, and Fillmore on extensions of C*-algebras and Elliott's use of K-theory to provide a useful classification of AF algebras. These results were the beginning of a marvelous new set of tools for analyzing concrete C*-algebras. This book is an introductory graduate level text which presents the basics of the subject through a detailed analysis of several important classes of C*-algebras. The development of operator algebras in the last twenty yea

  6. [The medical theory of Lee Je-ma and its character].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Kyung-Lock

    2005-12-01

    Lee Je-ma 1837-1900) was a prominent scholar as well as an Korean physician. classified every people into four distinctive types: greater yang [tai yang] person, lesser yin [shao yin] person, greater yin [tai yin] person, lesser yin [shao yin] person. This theory would dictate proper treatment for each type in accordance with individual differences of physical and temperament features. Using these four types he created The Medical Science of Four Types. This article is intended to look into the connection between Lee Je-Ma's 'The Medical Science of Four Types' and 'The Modern' with organizing his ideas about the human body and the human being. Through The Modern, the theory of human being underwent a complete change. Human being in The Premodern, which was determined by sex, age and social status has been changed to the individual human being, which is featured by equality. Lee Je-Ma's medical theory of The Medical Science of Four Types would be analyzed as follow. His concept of human body is oriented toward observable objectivity. But on the other hand, it still remains transcendent status of medical science, which is subordinated by philosophy. According to Lee Je-Ma's theory of human being, human is an equal individual in a modern way of thinking, not as a part of hierarchical group. But on the other hand, it still remains incomplete from getting rid of morality aspect that includes virtue and vice in the concept of human body. The common factors in Lee Je-Ma's ideas about the human body and the human being is 'Dualism of mind and body that means all kinds of status and results depends on each individual. As is stated above, Lee Je-Ma's medical theory has many aspects of The Modern and it proves that Korean traditional medicine could be modernized by itself.

  7. Non-freely generated W-algebras and construction of N=2 super W-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blumenhagen, R.

    1994-07-01

    Firstly, we investigate the origin of the bosonic W-algebras W(2, 3, 4, 5), W(2, 4, 6) and W(2, 4, 6) found earlier by direct construction. We present a coset construction for all three examples leading to a new type of finitely, non-freely generated quantum W-algebras, which we call unifying W-algebras. Secondly, we develop a manifest covariant formalism to construct N = 2 super W-algebras explicitly on a computer. Applying this algorithm enables us to construct the first four examples of N = 2 super W-algebras with two generators and the N = 2 super W 4 algebra involving three generators. The representation theory of the former ones shows that all examples could be divided into four classes, the largest one containing the N = 2 special type of spectral flow algebras. Besides the W-algebra of the CP(3) Kazama-Suzuki coset model, the latter example with three generators discloses a second solution which could also be explained as a unifying W-algebra for the CP(n) models. (orig.)

  8. [Professor WANG Yin's academic thoughts and clinical application of acupuncture for spleen-sto-mach care].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Niu, Hua; Cao, Haibo; Wang, Yin

    Professor WANG Yin 's academic thoughts and clinical application for difficult and miscellaneous di-seases, especially acupuncture for spleen-stomach care, are introduced. Based on TCM basic theory and "ten needles for elderly" by WANG Yueting , Professor WANG Yin proposes the acupuncture for spleen-stomach care. In this method, three-element acupoint selection is applied; the conception vessel, spleen meridian of foot taiyin and stomach meridian of foot yangming were selected. The deep and penetration acupuncture with 0.4 mm×100 mm elongated needles is used at Zhongwan (CV 12), Qihai (CV 6) and Zigong (EX-CA 1), and the mild reinforcing-reducing method is used at remaining acupoints. According to the severity of diseases, fire acupuncture combined with blood-letting cupping is applied at Tianshu (ST 25), Xuehai (SP 10) and Yinlingquan (SP 9); gene-rally, two acupoints are selected and 1 to 3 mL blood-letting is appropriate. The modification based on this me-thod can be applied for various difficult and miscellaneous diseases, leading to superior efficacy.

  9. THE YIN AND YANG OF CSR ETHICAL BRANDING

    OpenAIRE

    Ellisha Nasruddin; Reevany Bustami

    2007-01-01

    Within the current discourse and the often overly-commercialized hyperbole of branding and positioning, there is a particular area that has not been given due attention. Yet, with the rapid changes and the multiple crises of present-day realities, a frequently neglected area, emerges as vitally imperative. The troubles can be seen in both large as well as small businesses within Malaysia. This article, thus, aims to bring back ethics, one of the management blind-spots, into the center stage o...

  10. Switching transients in the MFTF yin-yang coils

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Owen, E.W.; Shimer, D.W.

    1982-01-01

    This report is a study of the transients caused by the fast dump of large superconducting coils. Theoretical analysis, computer simulation, and actual measurements are used. Theoretical analysis can only be applied to the simplest of models. In the computer simulations two models are used, one in which the coil is divided into ten segments and another in which a single coil is employed. The circuit breaker that interrupts the current to the power supply, causing a fast dump, is represented by a time and current dependent conductance. Actual measurements are limited to measurements made incidental to the coils' performance tests

  11. Algebraic conformal field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fuchs, J.; Nationaal Inst. voor Kernfysica en Hoge-Energiefysica

    1991-11-01

    Many conformal field theory features are special versions of structures which are present in arbitrary 2-dimensional quantum field theories. So it makes sense to describe 2-dimensional conformal field theories in context of algebraic theory of superselection sectors. While most of the results of the algebraic theory are rather abstract, conformal field theories offer the possibility to work out many formulae explicitly. In particular, one can construct the full algebra A-bar of global observables and the endomorphisms of A-bar which represent the superselection sectors. Some explicit results are presented for the level 1 so(N) WZW theories; the algebra A-bar is found to be the enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra L-bar which is an extension of the chiral symmetry algebra of the WZW theory. (author). 21 refs., 6 figs

  12. Tanaman Genetically Modified Organism (GMO dan Perspektif Hukumnya di Indonesia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yuwono Prianto

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Abstrak Genetically modified organism (GMO merupakan organisme yang gen-gennya telah diubah dengan menggunakan teknik rekayasa genetika. Produk rekayasa genetika diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 macam, yaitu generasi pertama: satu sifat; generasi kedua: kumpulan sifat; generasi ketiga dan keempat: near-intragenic, intragenic, dan cisgenic. Adapun produk rekayasa genetika pada tanaman di Indonesia di antaranya adalah padi, tomat, tebu, singkong, dan kentang. Regulasi tanaman hasil rekayasa genetika diatur oleh beberapa lembaga, di antaranya Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup, Kementerian Pertanian, Komisi Keamanan Hayati, Tim Teknis Keamanan Hayati, dan Biosafety Clearing House, berdasarkan peraturan pemerintah No. 21 tahun 2005. Pengujian yang dilakukan pada produk rekayasa genetika meliputi analisis sumber gen penyebab alergi, sekuens homolog asam amino, resistensi pepsin, skrining serum, serta penggunaan hewan uji. Berbagai produk GMO di Indonesia sejauh ini merupakan produk yang dibutuhkan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari, yang perlu diawasi secara ketat dari segi dampaknya terhadap lingkungan melalui ketentuan hukum yang berlaku, yang diwakili oleh instansi-instansi terkait tersebut.Abstract Genetically modified organism (GMO is an organism whose genes that have been altered by using genetic engineering techniques. Genetic engineering products are classified into 4 types, which are the first generation: one trait; the second generation: a collection of properties; the third and fourth generation: near-intragenic, intragenic, and cisgenic. The genetic engineering products in plants in Indonesia include rice, tomatoes, sugar cane, cassava, and potatoes. The application of the genetically engineered crops is regulated by several institutions, including the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Biosafety Commission, the Biosafety Technical Team and the Biosafety Clearing House, under government regulation No. 21 of the year

  13. Boolean algebra essentials

    CERN Document Server

    Solomon, Alan D

    2012-01-01

    REA's Essentials provide quick and easy access to critical information in a variety of different fields, ranging from the most basic to the most advanced. As its name implies, these concise, comprehensive study guides summarize the essentials of the field covered. Essentials are helpful when preparing for exams, doing homework and will remain a lasting reference source for students, teachers, and professionals. Boolean Algebra includes set theory, sentential calculus, fundamental ideas of Boolean algebras, lattices, rings and Boolean algebras, the structure of a Boolean algebra, and Boolean

  14. q-deformed Poincare algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ogievetsky, O.; Schmidke, W.B.; Wess, J.; Muenchen Univ.; Zumino, B.; Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA

    1992-01-01

    The q-differential calculus for the q-Minkowski space is developed. The algebra of the q-derivatives with the q-Lorentz generators is found giving the q-deformation of the Poincare algebra. The reality structure of the q-Poincare algebra is given. The reality structure of the q-differentials is also found. The real Laplaacian is constructed. Finally the comultiplication, counit and antipode for the q-Poincare algebra are obtained making it a Hopf algebra. (orig.)

  15. Generalizing the bms3 and 2D-conformal algebras by expanding the Virasoro algebra

    Science.gov (United States)

    Caroca, Ricardo; Concha, Patrick; Rodríguez, Evelyn; Salgado-Rebolledo, Patricio

    2018-03-01

    By means of the Lie algebra expansion method, the centrally extended conformal algebra in two dimensions and the bms3 algebra are obtained from the Virasoro algebra. We extend this result to construct new families of expanded Virasoro algebras that turn out to be infinite-dimensional lifts of the so-called Bk, Ck and Dk algebras recently introduced in the literature in the context of (super)gravity. We also show how some of these new infinite-dimensional symmetries can be obtained from expanded Kač-Moody algebras using modified Sugawara constructions. Applications in the context of three-dimensional gravity are briefly discussed.

  16. Introduction to quantum algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kibler, M.R.

    1992-09-01

    The concept of a quantum algebra is made easy through the investigation of the prototype algebras u qp (2), su q (2) and u qp (1,1). The latter quantum algebras are introduced as deformations of the corresponding Lie algebras; this is achieved in a simple way by means of qp-bosons. The Hopf algebraic structure of u qp (2) is also discussed. The basic ingredients for the representation theory of u qp (2) are given. Finally, in connection with the quantum algebra u qp (2), the qp-analogues of the harmonic oscillator are discussed and of the (spherical and hyperbolical) angular momenta. (author) 50 refs

  17. Continuum analogues of contragredient Lie algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saveliev, M.V.; Vershik, A.M.

    1989-03-01

    We present an axiomatic formulation of a new class of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras - the generalizations of Z-graded Lie algebras with, generally speaking, an infinite-dimensional Cartan subalgebra and a contiguous set of roots. We call such algebras ''continuum Lie algebras''. The simple Lie algebras of constant growth are encapsulated in our formulation. We pay particular attention to the case when the local algebra is parametrized by a commutative algebra while the Cartan operator (the generalization of the Cartan matrix) is a linear operator. Special examples of these algebras are the Kac-Moody algebras, algebras of Poisson brackets, algebras of vector fields on a manifold, current algebras, and algebras with differential or integro-differential Cartan operator. The nonlinear dynamical systems associated with the continuum contragredient Lie algebras are also considered. (author). 9 refs

  18. Lectures on algebraic statistics

    CERN Document Server

    Drton, Mathias; Sullivant, Seth

    2009-01-01

    How does an algebraic geometer studying secant varieties further the understanding of hypothesis tests in statistics? Why would a statistician working on factor analysis raise open problems about determinantal varieties? Connections of this type are at the heart of the new field of "algebraic statistics". In this field, mathematicians and statisticians come together to solve statistical inference problems using concepts from algebraic geometry as well as related computational and combinatorial techniques. The goal of these lectures is to introduce newcomers from the different camps to algebraic statistics. The introduction will be centered around the following three observations: many important statistical models correspond to algebraic or semi-algebraic sets of parameters; the geometry of these parameter spaces determines the behaviour of widely used statistical inference procedures; computational algebraic geometry can be used to study parameter spaces and other features of statistical models.

  19. Quiver W-algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kimura, Taro; Pestun, Vasily

    2018-06-01

    For a quiver with weighted arrows, we define gauge-theory K-theoretic W-algebra generalizing the definition of Shiraishi et al. and Frenkel and Reshetikhin. In particular, we show that the qq-character construction of gauge theory presented by Nekrasov is isomorphic to the definition of the W-algebra in the operator formalism as a commutant of screening charges in the free field representation. Besides, we allow arbitrary quiver and expect interesting applications to representation theory of generalized Borcherds-Kac-Moody Lie algebras, their quantum affinizations and associated W-algebras.

  20. Yang-Mills gravity in biconformal space

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anderson, Lara B; Wheeler, James T

    2007-01-01

    We write a gravity theory with Yang-Mills-type action using the biconformal gauging of the conformal group. We show that the resulting biconformal Yang-Mills gravity theories describe 4-dim, scale-invariant general relativity in the case of slowly changing fields. In addition, we systematically extend arbitrary 4-dim Yang-Mills theories to biconformal space, providing a new arena for studying flat-space Yang-Mills theories. By applying the biconformal extension to a 4-dim pure Yang-Mills theory with conformal symmetry, we establish a 1-1, onto mapping between a set of gravitational gauge theories and 4-dim, flat-space gauge theories

  1. Abstract algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Garrett, Paul B

    2007-01-01

    Designed for an advanced undergraduate- or graduate-level course, Abstract Algebra provides an example-oriented, less heavily symbolic approach to abstract algebra. The text emphasizes specifics such as basic number theory, polynomials, finite fields, as well as linear and multilinear algebra. This classroom-tested, how-to manual takes a more narrative approach than the stiff formalism of many other textbooks, presenting coherent storylines to convey crucial ideas in a student-friendly, accessible manner. An unusual feature of the text is the systematic characterization of objects by universal

  2. College algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Kolman, Bernard

    1985-01-01

    College Algebra, Second Edition is a comprehensive presentation of the fundamental concepts and techniques of algebra. The book incorporates some improvements from the previous edition to provide a better learning experience. It provides sufficient materials for use in the study of college algebra. It contains chapters that are devoted to various mathematical concepts, such as the real number system, the theory of polynomial equations, exponential and logarithmic functions, and the geometric definition of each conic section. Progress checks, warnings, and features are inserted. Every chapter c

  3. Twisted classical Poincare algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lukierski, J.; Ruegg, H.; Tolstoy, V.N.; Nowicki, A.

    1993-11-01

    We consider the twisting of Hopf structure for classical enveloping algebra U(g), where g is the inhomogeneous rotations algebra, with explicite formulae given for D=4 Poincare algebra (g=P 4 ). The comultiplications of twisted U F (P 4 ) are obtained by conjugating primitive classical coproducts by F element of U(c)xU(c), where c denotes any Abelian subalgebra of P 4 , and the universal R-matrices for U F (P 4 ) are triangular. As an example we show that the quantum deformation of Poincare algebra recently proposed by Chaichian and Demiczev is a twisted classical Poincare algebra. The interpretation of twisted Poincare algebra as describing relativistic symmetries with clustered 2-particle states is proposed. (orig.)

  4. Pre-Algebra Essentials For Dummies

    CERN Document Server

    Zegarelli, Mark

    2010-01-01

    Many students worry about starting algebra. Pre-Algebra Essentials For Dummies provides an overview of critical pre-algebra concepts to help new algebra students (and their parents) take the next step without fear. Free of ramp-up material, Pre-Algebra Essentials For Dummies contains content focused on key topics only. It provides discrete explanations of critical concepts taught in a typical pre-algebra course, from fractions, decimals, and percents to scientific notation and simple variable equations. This guide is also a perfect reference for parents who need to review critical pre-algebra

  5. Off-diagonal mass generation for Yang-Mills theories in the maximal Abelian gauge

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dudal, D.; Verschelde, H.; Sarandy, M.S.

    2007-01-01

    We investigate a dynamical mass generation mechanism for the off-diagonal gluons and ghosts in SU(N) Yang-Mills theories, quantized in the maximal Abelian gauge. Such a mass can be seen as evidence for the Abelian dominance in that gauge. It originates from the condensation of a mixed gluon-ghost operator of mass dimension two, which lowers the vacuum energy. We construct an effective potential for this operator by a combined use of the local composite operators technique with algebraic renormalization and we discuss the gauge parameter independence of the results. We also show that it is possible to connect the vacuum energy, due to the mass dimension two condensate discussed here, with the non-trivial vacuum energy originating from the condensate 2 μ >, which has attracted much attention in the Landau gauge. (author)

  6. Representations of quantum bicrossproduct algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arratia, Oscar; Olmo, Mariano A del

    2002-01-01

    We present a method to construct induced representations of quantum algebras which have a bicrossproduct structure. We apply this procedure to some quantum kinematical algebras in (1+1) dimensions with this kind of structure: null-plane quantum Poincare algebra, non-standard quantum Galilei algebra and quantum κ-Galilei algebra

  7. Unsur-unsur Filsafat Manusia yang Terkandung dalam Pemikiran Filsafat Cina dan Manfaatnya bagi Peningkatan Sumber Daya Insani

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lasiyo Lasiyo

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this study is to find out the elements of Philosophical Antropology in Chinese Philosophy and its controbution to improve the quality of human resource in relation to clarify and to enrich the matter of this subject, which usually more emphasized on Western philosophy than Eastern philosophy. The research was conducted by studying literature and data collected from primary and secondary source, which have been published or not. Hermeneutics theory, comparative study, and interpretation method were used in the analysis of the data collected. Conclusion are made base on logical thinking. The result of this work is that elements of Philosophical Antropology in Chinese Philosophy could be analyzed from the philosophy of Confucianism, Legalism, Buddism, and Taoism. Confucianism concered on human nature, existence, and dimensions, which consist of social, cosmic, transcendental, and historical dimensions. Legalism emphasized every human being have Buddha nature, while Taoism advised life in harmony with the nature like a yin yang principles. In improving the quality of human resource showed that everyone can be developed through education and environment. Creative thinking and working culture are necessary to improved in achieving the quality of work life.

  8. Algorithms in Algebraic Geometry

    CERN Document Server

    Dickenstein, Alicia; Sommese, Andrew J

    2008-01-01

    In the last decade, there has been a burgeoning of activity in the design and implementation of algorithms for algebraic geometric computation. Some of these algorithms were originally designed for abstract algebraic geometry, but now are of interest for use in applications and some of these algorithms were originally designed for applications, but now are of interest for use in abstract algebraic geometry. The workshop on Algorithms in Algebraic Geometry that was held in the framework of the IMA Annual Program Year in Applications of Algebraic Geometry by the Institute for Mathematics and Its

  9. Computer algebra and operators

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fateman, Richard; Grossman, Robert

    1989-01-01

    The symbolic computation of operator expansions is discussed. Some of the capabilities that prove useful when performing computer algebra computations involving operators are considered. These capabilities may be broadly divided into three areas: the algebraic manipulation of expressions from the algebra generated by operators; the algebraic manipulation of the actions of the operators upon other mathematical objects; and the development of appropriate normal forms and simplification algorithms for operators and their actions. Brief descriptions are given of the computer algebra computations that arise when working with various operators and their actions.

  10. Abstract Algebra to Secondary School Algebra: Building Bridges

    Science.gov (United States)

    Christy, Donna; Sparks, Rebecca

    2015-01-01

    The authors have experience with secondary mathematics teacher candidates struggling to make connections between the theoretical abstract algebra course they take as college students and the algebra they will be teaching in secondary schools. As a mathematician and a mathematics educator, the authors collaborated to create and implement a…

  11. Infinite dimension algebra and conformal symmetry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ragoucy-Aubezon, E.

    1991-04-01

    A generalisation of Kac-Moody algebras (current algebras defined on a circle) to algebras defined on a compact supermanifold of any dimension and with any number of supersymmetries is presented. For such a purpose, we compute all the central extensions of loop algebras defined on this supermanifold, i.e. all the cohomology classes of these loop algebras. Then, we try to extend the relation (i.e. semi-direct sum) that exists between the two dimensional conformal algebras (called Virasoro algebra) and the usual Kac-Moody algebras, by considering the derivation algebra of our extended Kac-Moody algebras. The case of superconformal algebras (used in superstrings theories) is treated, as well as the cases of area-preserving diffeomorphisms (used in membranes theories), and Krichever-Novikov algebras (used for interacting strings). Finally, we present some generalizations of the Sugawara construction to the cases of extended Kac-Moody algebras, and Kac-Moody of superalgebras. These constructions allow us to get new realizations of the Virasoro, and Ramond, Neveu-Schwarz algebras

  12. Tumor features and correlation between lymphocyte count and biochemical parameters in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated primary liver cancer with Yin deficiency

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    YANG Zhiyun

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available ObjectiveTo investigate the tumor features and the correlation between lymphocyte count and biochemical parameters in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated primary liver cancer (PLC with yin deficiency. MethodsA total of 148 PLC patients who were treated in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from July 2013 to February 2015 were enrolled and divided into yin-deficiency PLC group (52 patients and non-yin-deficiency PLC group (96 patients. The patients′ general information and laboratory markers were collected, including oncological parameters (alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA, and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA19-9, virological parameter (HBsAg, gross type (nodular type, massive type, bulky type, and diffuse type, radiological features (main portal vein diameter, portal vein tumor thrombus, and extrahepatic metastasis, biochemical parameters (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD score, white blood cell, red blood cell, platelet (PLT, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin (TBil, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, cholinesterase, prothrombin time (PT, and prothrombin time activity (PTA, and lymphocyte count. The t-test was applied for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Pearson correlation analysis was applied for correlation analysis. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Spearman correlation analysis was applied for correlation analysis. The chi-square test was applied for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsHBsAg showed a significant difference between the two groups (χ2=5.658, P=0.017. Compared with the non-yin-deficiency PLC group, the yin-deficiency PLC group had significantly increased CEA and CA19-9 (U=-2.200 and -2.194, both P<0.05, significantly increased MELD score, TBil, and PT (t=2.2, U=-2.0, U=-2

  13. Equivalency of two-dimensional algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santos, Gildemar Carneiro dos; Pomponet Filho, Balbino Jose S.

    2011-01-01

    Full text: Let us consider a vector z = xi + yj over the field of real numbers, whose basis (i,j) satisfy a given algebra. Any property of this algebra will be reflected in any function of z, so we can state that the knowledge of the properties of an algebra leads to more general conclusions than the knowledge of the properties of a function. However structural properties of an algebra do not change when this algebra suffers a linear transformation, though the structural constants defining this algebra do change. We say that two algebras are equivalent to each other whenever they are related by a linear transformation. In this case, we have found that some relations between the structural constants are sufficient to recognize whether or not an algebra is equivalent to another. In spite that the basis transform linearly, the structural constants change like a third order tensor, but some combinations of these tensors result in a linear transformation, allowing to write the entries of the transformation matrix as function of the structural constants. Eventually, a systematic way to find the transformation matrix between these equivalent algebras is obtained. In this sense, we have performed the thorough classification of associative commutative two-dimensional algebras, and find that even non-division algebra may be helpful in solving non-linear dynamic systems. The Mandelbrot set was used to have a pictorial view of each algebra, since equivalent algebras result in the same pattern. Presently we have succeeded in classifying some non-associative two-dimensional algebras, a task more difficult than for associative one. (author)

  14. Axis Problem of Rough 3-Valued Algebras

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Jianhua Dai; Weidong Chen; Yunhe Pan

    2006-01-01

    The collection of all the rough sets of an approximation space has been given several algebraic interpretations, including Stone algebras, regular double Stone algebras, semi-simple Nelson algebras, pre-rough algebras and 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebras. A 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebra is a Stone algebra, a regular double Stone algebra, a semi-simple Nelson algebra, a pre-rough algebra. Thus, we call the algebra constructed by the collection of rough sets of an approximation space a rough 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebra. In this paper,the rough 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebras, which are a special kind of 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebras, are studied. Whether the rough 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebra is a axled 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebra is examined.

  15. Enveloping σ-C C C-algebra of a smooth Frechet algebra crossed ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Proceedings – Mathematical Sciences; Volume 116; Issue 2. Enveloping -*-Algebra of a Smooth Frechet Algebra Crossed Product by R R , K -Theory and Differential Structure in *-Algebras. Subhash J Bhatt. Regular Articles Volume 116 Issue 2 May 2006 pp 161-173 ...

  16. Hecke algebras with unequal parameters

    CERN Document Server

    Lusztig, G

    2003-01-01

    Hecke algebras arise in representation theory as endomorphism algebras of induced representations. One of the most important classes of Hecke algebras is related to representations of reductive algebraic groups over p-adic or finite fields. In 1979, in the simplest (equal parameter) case of such Hecke algebras, Kazhdan and Lusztig discovered a particular basis (the KL-basis) in a Hecke algebra, which is very important in studying relations between representation theory and geometry of the corresponding flag varieties. It turned out that the elements of the KL-basis also possess very interesting combinatorial properties. In the present book, the author extends the theory of the KL-basis to a more general class of Hecke algebras, the so-called algebras with unequal parameters. In particular, he formulates conjectures describing the properties of Hecke algebras with unequal parameters and presents examples verifying these conjectures in particular cases. Written in the author's precise style, the book gives rese...

  17. Need of integrated dietary therapy for persons with diabetes mellitus and "unhealthy" body constitution presentations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wong, Yee Chi Peggy

    2016-07-01

    From a perspective of Chinese medicine (CM), persons with unregulated "unhealthy" body constitution (BC) will further develop chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Conventional dietary therapy with nutrition component has its limitations in the regulation of "unhealthy" BC. However, empirical evidence supports that "unhealthy" BC can be regulated with food natures and flavors from a perspective of CM. Presentations of "unhealthy" BC types, such as Yin-deficiency, Yang-deficiency and Yin-Yang-deficiency were found in persons with DM. It would be necessary to regulate the "unhealthy" BC presentations with integration of conventional dietary therapy and Chinese food therapy. The ultimate goal is to either stabilize glycaemic control or prevent the development of other chronic diseases leading to reduction of disease burden, such as disease-related poor quality of life, stress of healthcare professionals and the rising of healthcare cost.

  18. [Discussion on ideological concept implied in traditional reinforcing and reducing method of acupuncture].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Suyun; Zhao, Jingsheng

    2017-11-12

    The forming and development of traditional reinforcing and reducing method of acupuncture was rooted in traditional culture of China, and was based on the ancients' special understanding of nature, life and diseases, therefore its principle and methods were inevitably influenced by philosophy culture and medicine concept at that time. With deep study on Inner Canon of Huangdi and representative reinforcing and reducing method of acupuncture, the implied ideological concept, including contradiction view and profit-loss view in ancient dialectic, yin-yang balance theory, concept of life flow, monophyletic theory of qi , theory of existence of disease-evil, yin - yang astrology theory, theory of inter-promotion of five elements, were summarized and analyzed. The clarified and systematic understanding on guiding ideology of reinforcing and reducing method of acupuncture could significantly promote the understanding on principle, method, content and manipulation.

  19. Hearing Threshold and Equal Loudness Level Contours of 1/3-octave Noise Bands in a Diffuse Sound Field

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nielsen, Maja Kirstine E.; Poulsen, Torben

    1994-01-01

    Hearing threshold levels and equal loudness level contours of 1/3-octave noise bands at 40 phons and 60 phon were measured for 27 normal hearing listeners in an approximately diffuse sound field. The threshold data in the frequency range 125 Hz to 1 kHz were 3-6 dB higher than the values given...

  20. Categories and Commutative Algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Salmon, P

    2011-01-01

    L. Badescu: Sur certaines singularites des varietes algebriques.- D.A. Buchsbaum: Homological and commutative algebra.- S. Greco: Anelli Henseliani.- C. Lair: Morphismes et structures algebriques.- B.A. Mitchell: Introduction to category theory and homological algebra.- R. Rivet: Anneaux de series formelles et anneaux henseliens.- P. Salmon: Applicazioni della K-teoria all'algebra commutativa.- M. Tierney: Axiomatic sheaf theory: some constructions and applications.- C.B. Winters: An elementary lecture on algebraic spaces.

  1. Particle-like structure of Lie algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vinogradov, A. M.

    2017-07-01

    If a Lie algebra structure 𝔤 on a vector space is the sum of a family of mutually compatible Lie algebra structures 𝔤i's, we say that 𝔤 is simply assembled from the 𝔤i's. Repeating this procedure with a number of Lie algebras, themselves simply assembled from the 𝔤i's, one obtains a Lie algebra assembled in two steps from 𝔤i's, and so on. We describe the process of modular disassembling of a Lie algebra into a unimodular and a non-unimodular part. We then study two inverse questions: which Lie algebras can be assembled from a given family of Lie algebras, and from which Lie algebras can a given Lie algebra be assembled. We develop some basic assembling and disassembling techniques that constitute the elements of a new approach to the general theory of Lie algebras. The main result of our theory is that any finite-dimensional Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero or over R can be assembled in a finite number of steps from two elementary constituents, which we call dyons and triadons. Up to an abelian summand, a dyon is a Lie algebra structure isomorphic to the non-abelian 2-dimensional Lie algebra, while a triadon is isomorphic to the 3-dimensional Heisenberg Lie algebra. As an example, we describe constructions of classical Lie algebras from triadons.

  2. Dynamical entropy of C* algebras and Von Neumann algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Connes, A.; Narnhofer, H.; Thirring, W.

    1986-01-01

    The definition of the dynamical entropy is extended for automorphism groups of C * algebras. As example the dynamical entropy of the shift of a lattice algebra is studied and it is shown that in some cases it coincides with the entropy density. (Author)

  3. Black holes with Yang-Mills hair

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kleihaus, B.; Kunz, J.; Sood, A.; Wirschins, M.

    1998-01-01

    In Einstein-Maxwell theory black holes are uniquely determined by their mass, their charge and their angular momentum. This is no longer true in Einstein-Yang-Mills theory. We discuss sequences of neutral and charged SU(N) Einstein-Yang-Mills black holes, which are static spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat, and which carry Yang-Mills hair. Furthermore, in Einstein-Maxwell theory static black holes are spherically symmetric. We demonstrate that, in contrast, SU(2) Einstein-Yang-Mills theory possesses a sequence of black holes, which are static and only axially symmetric

  4. KESIMPULAN DALAM PEMERIKSAAN KEPATUHAN YANG BERDIRI SENDIRI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Catharina Sri Kariningsih

    2015-07-01

    kepatuhan yang berdiri sendiri tersebut. Metodologi yang digunakan yaitu studi literatur, telaah LHP, pengumpulan data dan informasi melalui kuesioner dan wawancara, serta Focus Group Discussion dengan praktisi dan akademisi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mendukung kualitas penarikan kesimpulan dalam pemeriksaan kepatuhan yang berdiri sendiri adalah tujuan, lingkup atau cakupan pemeriksaan, kriteria, materialitas, sampel dan bukti pemeriksaan. Studi ini mengusulkan bentuk kesimpulan yang mengacu pada ISSAI 4100 Compliance Audit Guidelines–For Audits Performed separately from the Audit of Financial Statements. KATA KUNCI Pemeriksaan kepatuhan, kesimpulan, ISSAI 4100

  5. Gradings on simple Lie algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Elduque, Alberto

    2013-01-01

    Gradings are ubiquitous in the theory of Lie algebras, from the root space decomposition of a complex semisimple Lie algebra relative to a Cartan subalgebra to the beautiful Dempwolff decomposition of E_8 as a direct sum of thirty-one Cartan subalgebras. This monograph is a self-contained exposition of the classification of gradings by arbitrary groups on classical simple Lie algebras over algebraically closed fields of characteristic not equal to 2 as well as on some nonclassical simple Lie algebras in positive characteristic. Other important algebras also enter the stage: matrix algebras, the octonions, and the Albert algebra. Most of the presented results are recent and have not yet appeared in book form. This work can be used as a textbook for graduate students or as a reference for researchers in Lie theory and neighboring areas.

  6. Pioneering the concepts of stereognosis and polyradiculoneuritis: Octave Landry (1826-1865).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Walusinski, Olivier

    2013-01-01

    Octave Landry was one of a long list of fine 19th century clinicians who died very young and whose discoveries in physiology and descriptions of new clinical pictures helped found current-day neurology. In 1852, Landry proposed a new take on the physiology of sensation which laid the ground for the concepts of proprioception and stereognosis. He also described the clinical picture of a rapidly progressing ascending paralysis, which in 1859 prefigured Guillain-Barré syndrome. In discussing his very active life, we will mention the hydrotherapies in fashion at the time and the pleasures of Parisian society. Landry's career was also marked by terrible cholera epidemics, one of which killed him at age 39, in the prime of his working life as a devoted physician. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  7. Quantum correlations across two octaves from combined up- and down-conversion

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Jingyan; Olsen, M. K.

    2018-04-01

    We propose and analyze a cascaded optical parametric system which involves three interacting modes across two octaves of frequency difference. Our system, combining degenerate optical parametric oscillation (OPO) with second harmonic generation (SHG), promises to be a useful source of squeezed and entangled light at three differing frequencies. We show how changes in damping rates and the ratio of the two concurrent nonlinearities affect the quantum correlations in the output fields. We analyze the threshold behavior, showing how the normal OPO threshold is changed by the addition of the SHG interactions. We also find that the inclusion of the OPO interaction removes the self-pulsing behavior found in normal SHG. Finally, we show how the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations can be controlled by the injection of a coherent seed field at the lower frequency.

  8. Role of Lie algebra for confinement in non-abelian gauge field scheme

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fukushima, K.; Sato, H.

    2014-01-01

    This article reports an explicit function form for confining classical Yang-Mills vector potentials and quantum fluctuations around the classical field. The classical vector potential, which is composed of a confining localized function and an unlocalized function, satisfies the classical Yang-Mills equation. The confining localized function contributes to the Wilson loop, while the unlocalized function makes no contribution to this loop. The confining linear potential between a heavy fermion and antifermion is due to (1) the Lie algebra and (2) the form of the confining localized function which has opposite signs at the positions of the particle and antiparticle along the Wilson loop in the time direction. Some classical confining parts of vector potentials also change sign on inversion of the coordinates of the axis perpendicular to the axis joining the two particles. The localized parts of the vector potentials are squeezed around the axis connecting the two particles, and the string tension of the confining linear potential is derived. Quantum fluctuations are formulated using a field expression in terms of local basis functions in real spacetime. The quantum path integral gives the Coulomb potential between the two particles in addition to the linear potential due to the classical fields

  9. Topological conformal algebra and BRST algebra in non-critical string theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fujikawa, Kazuo; Suzuki, Hiroshi.

    1991-03-01

    The operator algebra in non-critical string theories is studied by treating the cosmological term as a perturbation. The algebra of covariantly regularized BRST and related currents contains a twisted N = 2 superconformal algebra only at d = -2 in bosonic strings, and a twisted N = 3 superconformal algebra only at d = ±∞ in spinning strings. The bosonic string at d = -2 is examined by replacing the string coordinate by a fermionic matter with c = -2. The resulting bc-βγ system accommodates various forms of BRST cohomology, and the ghost number assignment and BRST cohomology are different in the c = -2 string theory and two-dimensional topological gravity. (author)

  10. Algebraic K-theory

    CERN Document Server

    Srinivas, V

    1996-01-01

    Algebraic K-Theory has become an increasingly active area of research. With its connections to algebra, algebraic geometry, topology, and number theory, it has implications for a wide variety of researchers and graduate students in mathematics. The book is based on lectures given at the author's home institution, the Tata Institute in Bombay, and elsewhere. A detailed appendix on topology was provided in the first edition to make the treatment accessible to readers with a limited background in topology. The second edition also includes an appendix on algebraic geometry that contains the required definitions and results needed to understand the core of the book; this makes the book accessible to a wider audience. A central part of the book is a detailed exposition of the ideas of Quillen as contained in his classic papers "Higher Algebraic K-Theory, I, II." A more elementary proof of the theorem of Merkujev--Suslin is given in this edition; this makes the treatment of this topic self-contained. An application ...

  11. Simulasi Numerik Dynamic Stall Pada Airfoil Yang Berosilasi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Galih S.T.A. Bangga

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Kebutuhan analisa pada sudu helikopter, kompresor, kincir angin dan struktur streamline lainya yang beroperasi pada angle of attack yang tinggi dan melibatkan instationary effects yang disebut dynamic stall menjadi semakin penting. Fenomena ini ditandai dengan naiknya dynamic lift melewati static lift maksimum pada critical static stall angle, vortex yang terbentuk pada leading edge mengakibatkan naiknya suction contribution yang kemudian terkonveksi sepanjang permukaan hingga mencapai trailling edge diikuti terbentuknya trailling edge vortex yang menunjukkan terjadinya lift stall. Fenomena ini sangat berbahaya terhadap struktur airfoil itu sendiri. Secara umum, beban fatique yang ditimbulkan oleh adanya efek histerisis karena fluktuasi gaya lift akibat induksi vibrasi lebih besar dibandingkan kondisi statis. Simulasi numerik dilakukan secara 2D dengan menggunakan profil Boeing-Vertol V23010-1.58 pada α0 = 14.92°. Standard-kω dan SST-kω digunakan sebagai URANS turbulence modelling. Model osilasi dari airfoil disusun dalam suatu user defined function (UDF. Gerakan meshing beserta airfoil diakomodasi dengan menggunakan dynamic mesh approach. Simulasi numerik menunjukkan bahwa, model SST-kω menunjukkan performa yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan Standard-kω. Fenomena travelling vortex yang terjadi mampu ditangkap dengan baik, meski pada angle of attack yang tinggi URANS turbulence model gagal memprediksikan fenomena yang terjadi karena dominasi efek 3D.

  12. Head First Algebra A Learner's Guide to Algebra I

    CERN Document Server

    Pilone, Tracey

    2008-01-01

    Having trouble understanding algebra? Do algebraic concepts, equations, and logic just make your head spin? We have great news: Head First Algebra is designed for you. Full of engaging stories and practical, real-world explanations, this book will help you learn everything from natural numbers and exponents to solving systems of equations and graphing polynomials. Along the way, you'll go beyond solving hundreds of repetitive problems, and actually use what you learn to make real-life decisions. Does it make sense to buy two years of insurance on a car that depreciates as soon as you drive i

  13. Novikov algebras with associative bilinear forms

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhu Fuhai; Chen Zhiqi [School of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China)

    2007-11-23

    Novikov algebras were introduced in connection with the Poisson brackets of hydrodynamic-type and Hamiltonian operators in formal variational calculus. The goal of this paper is to study Novikov algebras with non-degenerate associative symmetric bilinear forms, which we call quadratic Novikov algebras. Based on the classification of solvable quadratic Lie algebras of dimension not greater than 4 and Novikov algebras in dimension 3, we show that quadratic Novikov algebras up to dimension 4 are commutative. Furthermore, we obtain the classification of transitive quadratic Novikov algebras in dimension 4. But we find that not every quadratic Novikov algebra is commutative and give a non-commutative quadratic Novikov algebra in dimension 6.

  14. PERFORMA BENIH TERIPANG PASIR, Holothuria scabra DARI SUMBER INDUK YANG BERBEDA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sari Budi Moria Sembiring

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Upaya pengembangan perbenihan teripang pasir bagi kelestarian populasi di alam dan pengembangan budidaya patut dilakukan. Upaya ini diperlukan mengingat semakin intensifnya penangkapan teripang di alam yang dapat menimbulkan terganggunya kelestarian populasi ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi performa pertumbuhan benih teripang pasir, mendapatkan informasi keragaman genetik dan mengestimasi laju inbreeding dari 3 sumber induk teripang yang berbeda. Tiga sumber induk berasal dari perairan Bali, Sulawesi Selatan, dan Maluku Tenggara masing-masing sebanyak 20 ekor dianalisis menggunakan mikrosatelit (SSR/Simple Sequence Repeats dengan 3 lokus, yaitu Hsc-28; Hsc-49 dan Hsc-59. Proses pembenihan mengikuti pedoman teknis yang sudah ada dengan beberapa modifikasi. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa panjang dan bobot benih umur 6 bulan yang dihasilkan dari induk Maluku Tenggara relatif lebih tinggi (5,67 ± 0,76 cm; 13,26 ± 5,63 g dibandingkan dengan benih dari induk Sulawesi Selatan (4,75 ± 0,91 cm; 6,3 ± 2,22 g dan Bali (4,85 ± 0,64 cm; 6,2 ± 3,6 g. Hasil analisis mikrosatelit menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik induk teripang pasir dari ke tiga populasi tidak berbeda nyata. Hal ini berdasarkan nilai differensiasi genetik (FST= 0,2475 atau 24,75%. Laju nilai inbreeding dalam populasi induk teripang pasir cukup tinggi (FIT= 0,4237 atau 42,37% dibandingkan dengan laju inbreeding antar populasi (FIS adalah 0,2342 atau 23,42%. The effort of sea cucumber seed production for culture development have to be carried out. This effort is also required due to the intensive exploration of sea cucumber in the nature which could threaten of its sustainability. The aims of this research is to evaluate sea cucumber juveniles growth performance, to obtain the information on genetic variation, and to estimate the rate of inbreeding from three different sea cucumber broodstock sources. Three sources of sea cucumber were collected from Bali

  15. Asynchronous Task-Based Parallelization of Algebraic Multigrid

    KAUST Repository

    AlOnazi, Amani A.

    2017-06-23

    As processor clock rates become more dynamic and workloads become more adaptive, the vulnerability to global synchronization that already complicates programming for performance in today\\'s petascale environment will be exacerbated. Algebraic multigrid (AMG), the solver of choice in many large-scale PDE-based simulations, scales well in the weak sense, with fixed problem size per node, on tightly coupled systems when loads are well balanced and core performance is reliable. However, its strong scaling to many cores within a node is challenging. Reducing synchronization and increasing concurrency are vital adaptations of AMG to hybrid architectures. Recent communication-reducing improvements to classical additive AMG by Vassilevski and Yang improve concurrency and increase communication-computation overlap, while retaining convergence properties close to those of standard multiplicative AMG, but remain bulk synchronous.We extend the Vassilevski and Yang additive AMG to asynchronous task-based parallelism using a hybrid MPI+OmpSs (from the Barcelona Supercomputer Center) within a node, along with MPI for internode communications. We implement a tiling approach to decompose the grid hierarchy into parallel units within task containers. We compare against the MPI-only BoomerAMG and the Auxiliary-space Maxwell Solver (AMS) in the hypre library for the 3D Laplacian operator and the electromagnetic diffusion, respectively. In time to solution for a full solve an MPI-OmpSs hybrid improves over an all-MPI approach in strong scaling at full core count (32 threads per single Haswell node of the Cray XC40) and maintains this per node advantage as both weak scale to thousands of cores, with MPI between nodes.

  16. Lie algebra in quantum physics by means of computer algebra

    OpenAIRE

    Kikuchi, Ichio; Kikuchi, Akihito

    2017-01-01

    This article explains how to apply the computer algebra package GAP (www.gap-system.org) in the computation of the problems in quantum physics, in which the application of Lie algebra is necessary. The article contains several exemplary computations which readers would follow in the desktop PC: such as, the brief review of elementary ideas of Lie algebra, the angular momentum in quantum mechanics, the quark eight-fold way model, and the usage of Weyl character formula (in order to construct w...

  17. Tensor spaces and exterior algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Yokonuma, Takeo

    1992-01-01

    This book explains, as clearly as possible, tensors and such related topics as tensor products of vector spaces, tensor algebras, and exterior algebras. You will appreciate Yokonuma's lucid and methodical treatment of the subject. This book is useful in undergraduate and graduate courses in multilinear algebra. Tensor Spaces and Exterior Algebra begins with basic notions associated with tensors. To facilitate understanding of the definitions, Yokonuma often presents two or more different ways of describing one object. Next, the properties and applications of tensors are developed, including the classical definition of tensors and the description of relative tensors. Also discussed are the algebraic foundations of tensor calculus and applications of exterior algebra to determinants and to geometry. This book closes with an examination of algebraic systems with bilinear multiplication. In particular, Yokonuma discusses the theory of replicas of Chevalley and several properties of Lie algebras deduced from them.

  18. Profinite algebras and affine boundedness

    OpenAIRE

    Schneider, Friedrich Martin; Zumbrägel, Jens

    2015-01-01

    We prove a characterization of profinite algebras, i.e., topological algebras that are isomorphic to a projective limit of finite discrete algebras. In general profiniteness concerns both the topological and algebraic characteristics of a topological algebra, whereas for topological groups, rings, semigroups, and distributive lattices, profiniteness turns out to be a purely topological property as it is is equivalent to the underlying topological space being a Stone space. Condensing the core...

  19. Galilean Yang-Mills theory

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bagchi, Arjun [Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Basu, Rudranil [Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics,Block AF, Sector 1, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700068 (India); Kakkar, Ashish [Indian Institute of Science Education and Research,Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan. Pune 411008 (India); Mehra, Aditya [Indian Institute of Science Education and Research,Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan. Pune 411008 (India); Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen (Netherlands)

    2016-04-11

    We investigate the symmetry structure of the non-relativistic limit of Yang-Mills theories. Generalising previous results in the Galilean limit of electrodynamics, we discover that for Yang-Mills theories there are a variety of limits inside the Galilean regime. We first explicitly work with the SU(2) theory and then generalise to SU(N) for all N, systematising our notation and analysis. We discover that the whole family of limits lead to different sectors of Galilean Yang-Mills theories and the equations of motion in each sector exhibit hitherto undiscovered infinite dimensional symmetries, viz. infinite Galilean Conformal symmetries in D=4. These provide the first examples of interacting Galilean Conformal Field Theories (GCFTs) in D>2.

  20. Galilean Yang-Mills theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bagchi, Arjun; Basu, Rudranil; Kakkar, Ashish; Mehra, Aditya

    2016-01-01

    We investigate the symmetry structure of the non-relativistic limit of Yang-Mills theories. Generalising previous results in the Galilean limit of electrodynamics, we discover that for Yang-Mills theories there are a variety of limits inside the Galilean regime. We first explicitly work with the SU(2) theory and then generalise to SU(N) for all N, systematising our notation and analysis. We discover that the whole family of limits lead to different sectors of Galilean Yang-Mills theories and the equations of motion in each sector exhibit hitherto undiscovered infinite dimensional symmetries, viz. infinite Galilean Conformal symmetries in D=4. These provide the first examples of interacting Galilean Conformal Field Theories (GCFTs) in D>2.

  1. Li and Zhang., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2016) 13(3):75 ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    imbalance of Yin and Yang is the fundamental element leading to diseases. Qi is defined as the most ... All of the dryness symptoms are attributed to insufficiency of body fluid. Lack of tears .... Medsurg nursing : official journal of the Academy of.

  2. Horny Goat Weed

    Science.gov (United States)

    Horny goat weed is an herb. The leaves are used to make medicine. As many as 15 horny goat weed species are known as “yin yang huo” in Chinese medicine. Horny goat weed is used for weak back and knees, ...

  3. Double-partition Quantum Cluster Algebras

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jakobsen, Hans Plesner; Zhang, Hechun

    2012-01-01

    A family of quantum cluster algebras is introduced and studied. In general, these algebras are new, but sub-classes have been studied previously by other authors. The algebras are indexed by double parti- tions or double flag varieties. Equivalently, they are indexed by broken lines L. By grouping...... together neighboring mutations into quantum line mutations we can mutate from the cluster algebra of one broken line to another. Compatible pairs can be written down. The algebras are equal to their upper cluster algebras. The variables of the quantum seeds are given by elements of the dual canonical basis....

  4. Algebra II workbook for dummies

    CERN Document Server

    Sterling, Mary Jane

    2014-01-01

    To succeed in Algebra II, start practicing now Algebra II builds on your Algebra I skills to prepare you for trigonometry, calculus, and a of myriad STEM topics. Working through practice problems helps students better ingest and retain lesson content, creating a solid foundation to build on for future success. Algebra II Workbook For Dummies, 2nd Edition helps you learn Algebra II by doing Algebra II. Author and math professor Mary Jane Sterling walks you through the entire course, showing you how to approach and solve the problems you encounter in class. You'll begin by refreshing your Algebr

  5. Very true operators on MTL-algebras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wang Jun Tao

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The main goal of this paper is to investigate very true MTL-algebras and prove the completeness of the very true MTL-logic. In this paper, the concept of very true operators on MTL-algebras is introduced and some related properties are investigated. Also, conditions for an MTL-algebra to be an MV-algebra and a Gödel algebra are given via this operator. Moreover, very true filters on very true MTL-algebras are studied. In particular, subdirectly irreducible very true MTL-algebras are characterized and an analogous of representation theorem for very true MTL-algebras is proved. Then, the left and right stabilizers of very true MTL-algebras are introduced and some related properties are given. As applications of stabilizer of very true MTL-algebras, we produce a basis for a topology on very true MTL-algebras and show that the generated topology by this basis is Baire, connected, locally connected and separable. Finally, the corresponding logic very true MTL-logic is constructed and the soundness and completeness of this logic are proved based on very true MTL-algebras.

  6. Yang-Mills theory for non-semisimple groups

    CERN Document Server

    Nuyts, J; Nuyts, Jean; Wu, Tai Tsun

    2003-01-01

    For semisimple groups, possibly multiplied by U(1)'s, the number of Yang-Mills gauge fields is equal to the number of generators of the group. In this paper, it is shown that, for non-semisimple groups, the number of Yang-Mills fields can be larger. These additional Yang-Mills fields are not irrelevant because they appear in the gauge transformations of the original Yang-Mills fields. Such non-semisimple Yang-Mills theories may lead to physical consequences worth studying. The non-semisimple group with only two generators that do not commute is studied in detail.

  7. Algebraic construction of interacting higher spin field theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fougere, F.

    1991-10-01

    We develop a general framework which we believe may provide some insights into the structure of interacting 'high spin' field theories. A finite or infinite set of classical spin fields is described by means of a field defined on an enlarged spacetime manifold. The free action and its gauge symmetries are gathered into a nilpotent differential operator on this manifold. In particular, the choice of Grassmann-valued extra coordinates leads to theories involving only a finite set of fields, the possible contents (spin multiplicities, degree of reducibility, etc.) of which are classified according to the representations of a unitary algebra. The interacting theory is characterized by a functional of the field on the enlarged manifold. We show that there is among these functionals a natural graded Lie algebra structure allowing one to rewrite the gauge invariance condition of the action in a concise form which is a nonlinear generalization of the nilpotency condition of the free theory. We obtain the general solution of this 'classical master equation' , which can be built recurrently starting form the cubic vertex, and we study its symmetries. Our formalism lends itself to a systematic introduction of additional conditions, such as locality, polynomiality, etc. We write down the general form of the solutions exhibiting a scale invariance. The case of a spin 1 field yields, as a unique solution, Yang-Mills theory. In view of quantization, we show that the solution of the classical master equation straightforwardly provides a solution of the (quantum) Batalin-Vilkoviski master equation. One may then obtain a gauge fixed action in the usual way

  8. ANALISIS KANDUNGAN GIZI PADA IKAN BANDENG YANG BERASAL DARI HABITAT YANG BERBEDA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H Hafiludin

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Bandeng (Chanos chanos, Forskal merupakan salah satu komoditas yang strategis untuk memenuhi kebutuhan protein yang relatif murah dan digemari oleh konsumen di Indonesia.  Bandeng sebagai bahan pangan, merupakan sumber zat gizi yang penting bagi proses kelangsungan hidup manusia Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi kimia daging ikan bandeng yang berasal dari habitat yang berbeda yaitu air tawar dan air payau. Penelitian dilakukan dengan dua tahap yaitu preparasi sampel saat transportasi dan preparasi bahan baku untuk memisahkan daging, kulit, tulang dan jeroan. Analisa yang dilakukan yaitu analisis proksimat, asam amino, asam lemak, mineral dan vitamin. Hasil yang didapatkan bahwa ikan bandeng dari dua habitat memperoleh rendemen yang berbeda. Rendemen ikan bandeng air tawar sebesar 38,5%, sedangkan air payau sebesar 50,8%. Ikan bandeng kaya akan sumber protein (20-24%, asam amino, asam lemak, mineral dan vitamin. Komposisi asam amino tertinggi yaitu glutamat sebesar 1,386% (air tawar dan 1,268% (air payau. Asam lemak tidak jenuh tertinggi oleat 31-32%, mineral makro pada daging ikan bandeng yaitu: Ca, Mg, Na dan K. Mineral mikronya terdiri dari Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn. Kandungan vitamin daging ikan bandeng meliputi vitamin A, B1 dan B12.Kata Kunci: habitat berbeda, ikan bandeng (Chanos chanos, Forskal, kandungan giziTHE ANALYSIS OF NUTRITIONAL CONTENT OF MILKFISHES WHICH COME FROM DIFFERENT HABITATSABSTRACTMilkfish (Chanos chanos, Forskal is one of the strategic commodities to fulfill protein need which is relatively cheap and favored by Indonesian consumer. Milkfish as a comestible is an important sources of nutrient for the survival of mankind. The objective of this research is to know the flesh’s chemical composition of the milkfishes come from different habitats which are freshwater and brackish water. The research was conducted through two stages, the stage of sample preparation for transportation, and the stage of raw

  9. Hopf algebras in noncommutative geometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Varilly, Joseph C.

    2001-10-01

    We give an introductory survey to the use of Hopf algebras in several problems of non- commutative geometry. The main example, the Hopf algebra of rooted trees, is a graded, connected Hopf algebra arising from a universal construction. We show its relation to the algebra of transverse differential operators introduced by Connes and Moscovici in order to compute a local index formula in cyclic cohomology, and to the several Hopf algebras defined by Connes and Kreimer to simplify the combinatorics of perturbative renormalization. We explain how characteristic classes for a Hopf module algebra can be obtained from the cyclic cohomology of the Hopf algebra which acts on it. Finally, we discuss the theory of non- commutative spherical manifolds and show how they arise as homogeneous spaces of certain compact quantum groups. (author)

  10. W-realization of Lie algebras. Application to so(4,2) and Poincare algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barbarin, F.; Ragoucy, E.; Sorba, P.

    1996-05-01

    The property of some finite W-algebras to appear as the commutant of a particular subalgebra in a simple Lie algebra G is exploited for the obtention of new G-realizations from a 'canonical' differential one. The method is applied to the conformal algebra so(4,2) and therefore yields also results for its Poincare subalgebra. Unitary irreducible representations of these algebras are recognized in this approach, which is naturally compared -or associated to - the induced representation technique. (author)

  11. Extended Kac-Moody algebras and applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ragoucy, E.; Sorba, P.

    1991-04-01

    The notion of a Kac-Moody algebra defined on the S 1 circle is extended to super Kac-Moody algebras defined on MxG N , M being a smooth closed compact manifold of dimension greater than one, and G N the Grassman algebra with N generators. All the central extensions of these algebras are computed. Then, for each such algebra the derivation algebra constructed from the MxG N diffeomorphism is determined. The twists of such super Kac-Moody algebras as well as the generalization to non-compact surfaces are partially studied. Finally, the general construction is applied to the study of conformal and superconformal algebras, as well as area-preserving diffeomorphisms algebra and its supersymmetric extension. (author) 65 refs

  12. Lie algebras and applications

    CERN Document Server

    Iachello, Francesco

    2015-01-01

    This course-based primer provides an introduction to Lie algebras and some of their applications to the spectroscopy of molecules, atoms, nuclei and hadrons. In the first part, it concisely presents the basic concepts of Lie algebras, their representations and their invariants. The second part includes a description of how Lie algebras are used in practice in the treatment of bosonic and fermionic systems. Physical applications considered include rotations and vibrations of molecules (vibron model), collective modes in nuclei (interacting boson model), the atomic shell model, the nuclear shell model, and the quark model of hadrons. One of the key concepts in the application of Lie algebraic methods in physics, that of spectrum generating algebras and their associated dynamic symmetries, is also discussed. The book highlights a number of examples that help to illustrate the abstract algebraic definitions and includes a summary of many formulas of practical interest, such as the eigenvalues of Casimir operators...

  13. (Fuzzy) Ideals of BN-Algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Walendziak, Andrzej

    2015-01-01

    The notions of an ideal and a fuzzy ideal in BN-algebras are introduced. The properties and characterizations of them are investigated. The concepts of normal ideals and normal congruences of a BN-algebra are also studied, the properties of them are displayed, and a one-to-one correspondence between them is presented. Conditions for a fuzzy set to be a fuzzy ideal are given. The relationships between ideals and fuzzy ideals of a BN-algebra are established. The homomorphic properties of fuzzy ideals of a BN-algebra are provided. Finally, characterizations of Noetherian BN-algebras and Artinian BN-algebras via fuzzy ideals are obtained. PMID:26125050

  14. Non-relativistic Bondi-Metzner-Sachs algebra

    Science.gov (United States)

    Batlle, Carles; Delmastro, Diego; Gomis, Joaquim

    2017-09-01

    We construct two possible candidates for non-relativistic bms4 algebra in four space-time dimensions by contracting the original relativistic bms4 algebra. bms4 algebra is infinite-dimensional and it contains the generators of the Poincaré algebra, together with the so-called super-translations. Similarly, the proposed nrbms4 algebras can be regarded as two infinite-dimensional extensions of the Bargmann algebra. We also study a canonical realization of one of these algebras in terms of the Fourier modes of a free Schrödinger field, mimicking the canonical realization of relativistic bms4 algebra using a free Klein-Gordon field.

  15. On Weak-BCC-Algebras

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thomys, Janus; Zhang, Xiaohong

    2013-01-01

    We describe weak-BCC-algebras (also called BZ-algebras) in which the condition (x∗y)∗z = (x∗z)∗y is satisfied only in the case when elements x, y belong to the same branch. We also characterize ideals, nilradicals, and nilpotent elements of such algebras. PMID:24311983

  16. G-identities of non-associative algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bakhturin, Yu A; Zaitsev, M V; Sehgal, S K

    1999-01-01

    The main class of algebras considered in this paper is the class of algebras of Lie type. This class includes, in particular, associative algebras, Lie algebras and superalgebras, Leibniz algebras, quantum Lie algebras, and many others. We prove that if a finite group G acts on such an algebra A by automorphisms and anti-automorphisms and A satisfies an essential G-identity, then A satisfies an ordinary identity of degree bounded by a function that depends on the degree of the original identity and the order of G. We show in the case of ordinary Lie algebras that if L is a Lie algebra, a finite group G acts on L by automorphisms and anti-automorphisms, and the order of G is coprime to the characteristic of the field, then the existence of an identity on skew-symmetric elements implies the existence of an identity on the whole of L, with the same kind of dependence between the degrees of the identities. Finally, we generalize Amitsur's theorem on polynomial identities in associative algebras with involution to the case of alternative algebras with involution

  17. W-realization of Lie algebras. Application to so(4,2) and Poincare algebras

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Barbarin, F.; Ragoucy, E.; Sorba, P.

    1996-05-01

    The property of some finite W-algebras to appear as the commutant of a particular subalgebra in a simple Lie algebra G is exploited for the obtention of new G-realizations from a `canonical` differential one. The method is applied to the conformal algebra so(4,2) and therefore yields also results for its Poincare subalgebra. Unitary irreducible representations of these algebras are recognized in this approach, which is naturally compared -or associated to - the induced representation technique. (author). 12 refs.

  18. On Dunkl angular momenta algebra

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Feigin, Misha [School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow,15 University Gardens, Glasgow G12 8QW (United Kingdom); Hakobyan, Tigran [Yerevan State University,1 Alex Manoogian, 0025 Yerevan (Armenia); Tomsk Polytechnic University,Lenin Ave. 30, 634050 Tomsk (Russian Federation)

    2015-11-17

    We consider the quantum angular momentum generators, deformed by means of the Dunkl operators. Together with the reflection operators they generate a subalgebra in the rational Cherednik algebra associated with a finite real reflection group. We find all the defining relations of the algebra, which appear to be quadratic, and we show that the algebra is of Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt (PBW) type. We show that this algebra contains the angular part of the Calogero-Moser Hamiltonian and that together with constants it generates the centre of the algebra. We also consider the gl(N) version of the subalgebra of the rational Cherednik algebra and show that it is a non-homogeneous quadratic algebra of PBW type as well. In this case the central generator can be identified with the usual Calogero-Moser Hamiltonian associated with the Coxeter group in the harmonic confinement.

  19. Algebraic computing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    MacCallum, M.A.H.

    1990-01-01

    The implementation of a new computer algebra system is time consuming: designers of general purpose algebra systems usually say it takes about 50 man-years to create a mature and fully functional system. Hence the range of available systems and their capabilities changes little between one general relativity meeting and the next, despite which there have been significant changes in the period since the last report. The introductory remarks aim to give a brief survey of capabilities of the principal available systems and highlight one or two trends. The reference to the most recent full survey of computer algebra in relativity and brief descriptions of the Maple, REDUCE and SHEEP and other applications are given. (author)

  20. Virtue Existential Career Model: A Dialectic and Integrative Approach Echoing Eastern Philosophy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shu-Hui Liu

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Our Virtue Existential Career (VEC model aims at complementing western modernism and postmodernism career theories with eastern philosophy. With dialectical philosophy and virtue-practice derived from the Classic of Changes, our VEC theoretical foundation incorporates merits from Holland typology, Minnesota Theory of Work Adjustment, Social Cognitive Career Theory, Meaning Therapy, Narrative Approach Career Counseling, and Happenstance Learning Theory. While modernism considers a matched job as an ideal career vision and prefers rational strategies (controlling and realizing to achieve job security; postmodernism prefers adapting and appreciating strategies toward openness and appreciates multiple possible selves and occupations, our VEC model pursues a blending of security and openness via controlling-and-realizing and appreciating-and-adapting interwoven with each other in a dialectical and harmonious way. Our VEC counseling prototype aims at a secular goal of living on the earth with ways and harmony (安身以法以和 and an ultimate end to spiral up to the wisdom of living up to the way of heaven (天道 with mind and virtue (立命以心以德. A VEC counseling process of five major career strategies, metaphorical stories of qian and kun, and experiential activities are developed to deliver VEC concepts. The VEC model and prototype presented in this research is the product of an action research following Lewin’s (1946 top-to-down model. Situated structure analyses were conducted to further investigate the adequacy of this version of VEC model and prototype. Data from two groups (one for stranded college graduates and the other for growing college students revealed empirical supports. Yang type of career praxes tend to induce actualization, which resulting in realistic goals and concrete action plans; yin type of career praxes tend to increase self-efficacy, which resulting in positive attitude toward current situatedness and future

  1. Ideals, varieties, and algorithms an introduction to computational algebraic geometry and commutative algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Cox, David A; O'Shea, Donal

    2015-01-01

    This text covers topics in algebraic geometry and commutative algebra with a strong perspective toward practical and computational aspects. The first four chapters form the core of the book. A comprehensive chart in the preface illustrates a variety of ways to proceed with the material once these chapters are covered. In addition to the fundamentals of algebraic geometry—the elimination theorem, the extension theorem, the closure theorem, and the Nullstellensatz—this new edition incorporates several substantial changes, all of which are listed in the Preface. The largest revision incorporates a new chapter (ten), which presents some of the essentials of progress made over the last decades in computing Gröbner bases. The book also includes current computer algebra material in Appendix C and updated independent projects (Appendix D). The book may serve as a first or second course in undergraduate abstract algebra and, with some supplementation perhaps, for beginning graduate level courses in algebraic geom...

  2. Connections between algebra, combinatorics, and geometry

    CERN Document Server

    Sather-Wagstaff, Sean

    2014-01-01

    Commutative algebra, combinatorics, and algebraic geometry are thriving areas of mathematical research with a rich history of interaction. Connections Between Algebra, Combinatorics, and Geometry contains lecture notes, along with exercises and solutions, from the Workshop on Connections Between Algebra and Geometry held at the University of Regina from May 29-June 1, 2012. It also contains research and survey papers from academics invited to participate in the companion Special Session on Interactions Between Algebraic Geometry and Commutative Algebra, which was part of the CMS Summer Meeting at the University of Regina held June 2–3, 2012, and the meeting Further Connections Between Algebra and Geometry, which was held at the North Dakota State University, February 23, 2013. This volume highlights three mini-courses in the areas of commutative algebra and algebraic geometry: differential graded commutative algebra, secant varieties, and fat points and symbolic powers. It will serve as a useful resou...

  3. Abstract algebra for physicists

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zeman, J.

    1975-06-01

    Certain recent models of composite hadrons involve concepts and theorems from abstract algebra which are unfamiliar to most theoretical physicists. The algebraic apparatus needed for an understanding of these models is summarized here. Particular emphasis is given to algebraic structures which are not assumed to be associative. (2 figures) (auth)

  4. High-throughput deterministic single-cell encapsulation and droplet pairing, fusion, and shrinkage in a single microfluidic device

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Schoeman, R.M.; Kemna, Evelien; Wolbers, F.; van den Berg, Albert

    In this article, we present a microfluidic device capable of successive high-yield single-cell encapsulation in droplets, with additional droplet pairing, fusion, and shrinkage. Deterministic single-cell encapsulation is realized using Dean-coupled inertial ordering of cells in a Yin-Yang-shaped

  5. Basic notions of algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Shafarevich, Igor Rostislavovich

    2005-01-01

    This book is wholeheartedly recommended to every student or user of mathematics. Although the author modestly describes his book as 'merely an attempt to talk about' algebra, he succeeds in writing an extremely original and highly informative essay on algebra and its place in modern mathematics and science. From the fields, commutative rings and groups studied in every university math course, through Lie groups and algebras to cohomology and category theory, the author shows how the origins of each algebraic concept can be related to attempts to model phenomena in physics or in other branches

  6. Characterizations of locally C*-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mohammad, N.; Somasundaram, S.

    1991-08-01

    We seek the generalization of the Gelfand-Naimark theorems for locally C*-algebras. Precisely, if A is a unital commutative locally C*-algebra, then it is shown that A is *-isomorphic (topologically and algebraically) to C(Δ). Further, if A is any locally C*-algebra, then it is realized as a closed *-subalgebra of some L(H) up to a topological algebraic *-isomorphism. Also, a brief exposition of the Gelfand-Naimark-Segal construction is given and some of its consequences are discussed. (author). 16 refs

  7. Critical values of the Yang-Yang functional in the quantum sine-Gordon model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lukyanov, Sergei L.

    2011-01-01

    The critical values of the Yang-Yang functional corresponding to the vacuum states of the sine-Gordon QFT in the finite-volume are studied. Two major applications are discussed: (i) generalization of Fendley-Saleur-Zamolodchikov relations to arbitrary values of the sine-Gordon coupling constant, and (ii) connection problem for a certain two-parameter family of solutions of the Painleve III equation.

  8. Galois Theory of Differential Equations, Algebraic Groups and Lie Algebras

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Put, Marius van der

    1999-01-01

    The Galois theory of linear differential equations is presented, including full proofs. The connection with algebraic groups and their Lie algebras is given. As an application the inverse problem of differential Galois theory is discussed. There are many exercises in the text.

  9. Brauer algebras of type B

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Cohen, A.M.; Liu, S.

    2011-01-01

    For each n>0, we define an algebra having many properties that one might expect to hold for a Brauer algebra of type Bn. It is defined by means of a presentation by generators and relations. We show that this algebra is a subalgebra of the Brauer algebra of type Dn+1 and point out a cellular

  10. A course in BE-algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Mukkamala, Sambasiva Rao

    2018-01-01

    This book presents a unified course in BE-algebras with a comprehensive introduction, general theoretical basis and several examples. It introduces the general theoretical basis of BE-algebras, adopting a credible style to offer students a conceptual understanding of the subject. BE-algebras are important tools for certain investigations in algebraic logic, because they can be considered as fragments of any propositional logic containing a logical connective implication and the constant "1", which is considered as the logical value “true”.  Primarily aimed at graduate and postgraduate students of mathematics, it also helps researchers and mathematicians to build a strong foundation in applied abstract algebra. Presenting insights into some of the abstract thinking that constitutes modern abstract algebra, it provides a transition from elementary topics to advanced topics in BE-algebras. With abundant examples and exercises arranged after each section, it offers readers a comprehensive, easy-to-follow int...

  11. Thermal control for the MFTF magnet

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vansant, J.H.; Russ, R.M.

    1980-01-01

    The external dimensions of the Yin-Yang magnet of the Mirror Fusion Test Facility will be 7.8 by 8.5 by 8.5 m, and it will weigh approximately 300 tons. More than 8000 liters of circulating liquid helium will be required to maintain the nearly 50 km of superconductor at below 5.0 K while the latter carries almost 6000 A in a magnetic field of up to nearly 7.7 T. This paper describes several features of the thermal control plans for the Yin-Yang: (1) the proposed cooldown and warmup schedules for the MFTF and the procedure for regenerating external cooling surfaces (2) the design of an external quench resistor based on an estimate of the superconductor's maximum temperature and (3) the use of a computer model of liquid helium circulation in choosing pipe size for the liquid helium lines

  12. On Associative Conformal Algebras of Linear Growth

    OpenAIRE

    Retakh, Alexander

    2000-01-01

    Lie conformal algebras appear in the theory of vertex algebras. Their relation is similar to that of Lie algebras and their universal enveloping algebras. Associative conformal algebras play a role in conformal representation theory. We introduce the notions of conformal identity and unital associative conformal algebras and classify finitely generated simple unital associative conformal algebras of linear growth. These are precisely the complete algebras of conformal endomorphisms of finite ...

  13. Yang-Mills theory in Coulomb gauge; Yang-Mills-theorie in Coulombeichung

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Feuchter, C.

    2006-07-01

    In this thesis we study the Yang-Mills vacuum structure by using the functional Schroedinger picture in Coulomb gauge. In particular we discuss the scenario of colour confinement, which was originally formulated by Gribov. After a short introduction, we recall some basic aspects of Yang-Mills theories, its canonical quantization in the Weyl gauge and the functional Schroedinger picture. We then consider the minimal Coulomb gauge and the Gribov problem of the gauge theory. The gauge fixing of the Coulomb gauge is done by using the Faddeev-Popov method, which enables the resolution of the Gauss law - the constraint on physical states. In the third chapter, we variationally solve the stationary Yang-Mills Schroedinger equation in Coulomb gauge for the vacuum state. Therefor we use a vacuum wave functional, which is strongly peaked at the Gribov horizon. The vacuum energy functional is calculated and minimized resulting in a set of coupled Schwinger-Dyson equations for the gluon energy, the ghost and Coulomb form factors and the curvature in gauge orbit space. Using the angular approximation these integral equations have been solved analytically in both the infrared and the ultraviolet regime. The asymptotic analytic solutions in the infrared and ultraviolet regime are reasonably well reproduced by the full numerical solutions of the coupled Schwinger-Dyson equations. In the fourth chapter, we investigate the dependence of the Yang-Mills wave functional in Coulomb gauge on the Faddeev-Popov determinant. (orig.)

  14. The Linear Span of Projections in AH Algebras and for Inclusions of C*-Algebras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dinh Trung Hoa

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available In the first part of this paper, we show that an AH algebra A=lim→(Ai,ϕi has the LP property if and only if every element of the centre of Ai belongs to the closure of the linear span of projections in A. As a consequence, a diagonal AH-algebra has the LP property if it has small eigenvalue variation in the sense of Bratteli and Elliott. The second contribution of this paper is that for an inclusion of unital C*-algebras P⊂A with a finite Watatani index, if a faithful conditional expectation E:A→P has the Rokhlin property in the sense of Kodaka et al., then P has the LP property under the condition thatA has the LP property. As an application, let A be a simple unital C*-algebra with the LP property, α an action of a finite group G onto Aut(A. If α has the Rokhlin property in the sense of Izumi, then the fixed point algebra AG and the crossed product algebra A ⋊α G have the LP property. We also point out that there is a symmetry on the CAR algebra such that its fixed point algebra does not have the LP property.

  15. Non-minimal Wu-Yang monopole

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Balakin, A.B.; Zayats, A.E.

    2007-01-01

    We discuss new exact spherically symmetric static solutions to non-minimally extended Einstein-Yang-Mills equations. The obtained solution to the Yang-Mills subsystem is interpreted as a non-minimal Wu-Yang monopole solution. We focus on the analysis of two classes of the exact solutions to the gravitational field equations. Solutions of the first class belong to the Reissner-Nordstroem type, i.e., they are characterized by horizons and by the singularity at the point of origin. The solutions of the second class are regular ones. The horizons and singularities of a new type, the non-minimal ones, are indicated

  16. Non-commutative multiple-valued logic algebras

    CERN Document Server

    Ciungu, Lavinia Corina

    2014-01-01

    This monograph provides a self-contained and easy-to-read introduction to non-commutative multiple-valued logic algebras; a subject which has attracted much interest in the past few years because of its impact on information science, artificial intelligence and other subjects.   A study of the newest results in the field, the monograph includes treatment of pseudo-BCK algebras, pseudo-hoops, residuated lattices, bounded divisible residuated lattices, pseudo-MTL algebras, pseudo-BL algebras and pseudo-MV algebras. It provides a fresh perspective on new trends in logic and algebras in that algebraic structures can be developed into fuzzy logics which connect quantum mechanics, mathematical logic, probability theory, algebra and soft computing.   Written in a clear, concise and direct manner, Non-Commutative Multiple-Valued Logic Algebras will be of interest to masters and PhD students, as well as researchers in mathematical logic and theoretical computer science.

  17. Automorphic Lie algebras with dihedral symmetry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Knibbeler, V; Lombardo, S; A Sanders, J

    2014-01-01

    The concept of automorphic Lie algebras arises in the context of reduction groups introduced in the early 1980s in the field of integrable systems. automorphic Lie algebras are obtained by imposing a discrete group symmetry on a current algebra of Krichever–Novikov type. Past work shows remarkable uniformity between algebras associated to different reduction groups. For example, if the base Lie algebra is sl 2 (C) and the poles of the automorphic Lie algebra are restricted to an exceptional orbit of the symmetry group, changing the reduction group does not affect the Lie algebra structure. In this research we fix the reduction group to be the dihedral group and vary the orbit of poles as well as the group action on the base Lie algebra. We find a uniform description of automorphic Lie algebras with dihedral symmetry, valid for poles at exceptional and generic orbits. (paper)

  18. Certain number-theoretic episodes in algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Sivaramakrishnan, R

    2006-01-01

    Many basic ideas of algebra and number theory intertwine, making it ideal to explore both at the same time. Certain Number-Theoretic Episodes in Algebra focuses on some important aspects of interconnections between number theory and commutative algebra. Using a pedagogical approach, the author presents the conceptual foundations of commutative algebra arising from number theory. Self-contained, the book examines situations where explicit algebraic analogues of theorems of number theory are available. Coverage is divided into four parts, beginning with elements of number theory and algebra such as theorems of Euler, Fermat, and Lagrange, Euclidean domains, and finite groups. In the second part, the book details ordered fields, fields with valuation, and other algebraic structures. This is followed by a review of fundamentals of algebraic number theory in the third part. The final part explores links with ring theory, finite dimensional algebras, and the Goldbach problem.

  19. Fusion rules of chiral algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gaberdiel, M.

    1994-01-01

    Recently we showed that for the case of the WZW and the minimal models fusion can be understood as a certain ring-like tensor product of the symmetry algebra. In this paper we generalize this analysis to arbitrary chiral algebras. We define the tensor product of conformal field theory in the general case and prove that it is associative and symmetric up to equivalence. We also determine explicitly the action of the chiral algebra on this tensor product. In the second part of the paper we demonstrate that this framework provides a powerful tool for calculating restrictions for the fusion rules of chiral algebras. We exhibit this for the case of the W 3 algebra and the N=1 and N=2 NS superconformal algebras. (orig.)

  20. The medical theory of Lee Je-ma and its character

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LEE Kyung-Lock

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Lee Je-ma(李濟馬, 1837-1900 was a prominent scholar as well as an Korean physician He classified every people into four distinctive types: greater yang[tai yang] person, lesser yin[shao yin] person greater yin[tai yin] person, lesser yin[shao yin] person. This theory would dictate proper treatment for each type in accordance with individual differences of physical and temperament features Using these four types he created The Medical Science of Four Types(四象體質論.This article is intended to look into the connection between Lee Je-Ma's 'The Medical Science of Four Types' and 'The Modern' with organizing his ideas about the human body and the human being. Through The Modern, the theory of human being(人間觀 underwent a complete change. Human being in The Premodern, which was determined by sex, age and social status has been changed to the individual human being, which is featured by equality. Lee Je-Ma's medical theory of The Medical Science of Four Types would be analyzed as follow. His concept of human body(人體論 is oriented toward observable objectivity. But on the other hand, it still remains transcendent status of medical science, which is subordinated by philosophy According to Lee Je-Ma's theory of human being human is an equal individual in a modern way of thinking not as a part of hierarchical group. But on the other hand, it still remains incomplete from getting rid of morality aspect that includes virtue and vice in the concept of human body.The common factors in Lee Je-Ma's ideas about the human body and the human being is 'Dualism of mind and body(心身二元論' that means all kinds of status and results depends on each individual. As is stated above, Lee Je-Ma's medical theory has many aspects of The Modern and it proves that Korean traditional medicine could be modernized by itself.

  1. Computations in finite-dimensional Lie algebras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. M. Cohen

    1997-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper describes progress made in context with the construction of a general library of Lie algebra algorithms, called ELIAS (Eindhoven Lie Algebra System, within the computer algebra package GAP. A first sketch of the package can be found in Cohen and de Graaf[1]. Since then, in a collaborative effort with G. Ivanyos, the authors have continued to develop algorithms which were implemented in ELIAS by the second author. These activities are part of a bigger project, called ACELA and financed by STW, the Dutch Technology Foundation, which aims at an interactive book on Lie algebras (cf. Cohen and Meertens [2]. This paper gives a global description of the main ways in which to present Lie algebras on a computer. We focus on the transition from a Lie algebra abstractly given by an array of structure constants to a Lie algebra presented as a subalgebra of the Lie algebra of n×n matrices. We describe an algorithm typical of the structure analysis of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra: finding a Levi subalgebra of a Lie algebra.

  2. Coset realization of unifying W-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blumenhagen, R.; Huebel, R.

    1994-06-01

    We construct several quantum coset W-algebras, e.g. sl(2,R)/U(1) and sl(2,R)+sl(2,R)/sl(2,R), and argue that they are finitely nonfreely generated. Furthermore, we discuss in detail their role as unifying W-algebras of Casimir W-algebras. We show that it is possible to give coset realizations of various types of unifying W-algebras, e.g. the diagonal cosets based on the symplectic Lie algebras sp(2n) realize the unifying W-algebras which have previously been introduced as 'WD -n '. In addition, minimal models of WD -n are studied. The coset realizations provide a generalization of level-rank-duality of dual coset pairs. As further examples of finitely nonfreely generated quantum W-algebras we discuss orbifolding of W-algebras which on the quantum level has different properties than in the classical case. We demonstrate in some examples that the classical limit according to Bowcock and Watts of these nonfreely finitely generated quantum W-algebras probably yields infinitely nonfreely generated classical W-algebras. (orig.)

  3. Algebra

    CERN Document Server

    Sepanski, Mark R

    2010-01-01

    Mark Sepanski's Algebra is a readable introduction to the delightful world of modern algebra. Beginning with concrete examples from the study of integers and modular arithmetic, the text steadily familiarizes the reader with greater levels of abstraction as it moves through the study of groups, rings, and fields. The book is equipped with over 750 exercises suitable for many levels of student ability. There are standard problems, as well as challenging exercises, that introduce students to topics not normally covered in a first course. Difficult problems are broken into manageable subproblems

  4. M2 to D2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mukhi, Sunil; Papageorgakis, Constantinos

    2008-01-01

    We examine the recently proposed ''3-algebra'' field theory for multiple M2-branes and show that when a scalar field valued in the 3-algebra develops a vacuum expectation value, the resulting Higgs mechanism has the novel effect of promoting topological (Chern-Simons) to dynamical (Yang-Mills) gauge fields. This leads to a precise derivation of the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on multiple D2-branes and thereby provides a relationship between 3-algebras and Yang-Mills theories. We discuss the physical interpretation of this result.

  5. Identities and derivations for Jacobian algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dzhumadil'daev, A.S.

    2001-09-01

    Constructions of n-Lie algebras by strong n-Lie-Poisson algebras are given. First cohomology groups of adjoint module of Jacobian algebras are calculated. Minimal identities of 3-Jacobian algebra are found. (author)

  6. Continuity and Evolution: The Idea of “Co-creativity” in Chinese Art

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JINLI HE

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available This paper seeks to explore an important characteristic of both traditional and contemporary Chinese art, that is, co-creativity. The author believes that co-creativity is a particular Chinese cultural sensibility that establishes the continuity of Chinese art and allows it to endure despite historical, societal and political changes throughout the centuries. This paper starts with an introduction of the idea of co-creativity in Chinese culture. One of its embodiments is the relationship between 'yin' and 'yang'. 'Yin 'and 'yang' both engender and fulfill each other, which is a co-relational and co-creative process. It then analyzes how the idea of co-creativity is demonstrated in traditional landscape painting through the expression of the oneness with nature and invitation to join a journey with the artist. Lastly, it demonstrates this continious co-creative cultural sensibility through analyzing two contemporary artists’ works. The author reads the submissive openness and vulnerability in Chinese female artist Chen Lingyang’s works as a continuity of the co-creative spirit of 'yin' and 'yang', nature and human. Chen’s work, rooted in her cultural sensibility, expresses a totally different statement of women’s desires and conditions than does that of American feminist artists Judy Chicago and Carolee Schneemann. Likewise, performance artist Ma Liuming’s 'Fen-Ma Liuming in… 'series seems inspired by nature’s image of co-creating the world. Different as these works may be in their formal aspects—from painting to poetry, from photography to performance— “co-creativity” is at the heart of Chinese cultural expression.

  7. Triniti daripada Perspektif Taoisme: Analisis Pemikiran Jung Young Lee

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ZURAIZA HUSIN

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Jung Young Lee is a Korean-born theologian who employs creatively the doctrine of the Trinity from an Asian worldview. This article aims to analyze Lee’s approaches of the Trinity with the Yin-Yang symbolism. The main reference is based on the book written by him entitled ‘The Trinity in Asian Perspective (1996’. Lee has turned his attention to the topic of Trinity through the lens of the culture and thought patterns of his own milieu. One of the leading point in presenting Yin-Yang principle as Trinitarian thinking, Lee examines the interpretation of the term “in” in the Bible, "Believe me that I am in the Father and the Father is in me" (John 14:11. The statement leads to the point that Yin and Yang cannot exist without each other because relationality is given priority than individuality. The idea is based on the terminology of ‘both/and’. So, ‘and’ indicates a Trinitarian statement, there is interdependence and unification. With reference to Trinity, the Father and the Son are One because of ‘and’. In addition, the same concept implements to the Holy Spirit. Lee views ‘and’ is not only a linking principle in both-and thinking but also the principle that is ‘between’ two. When ‘two’ exists, the third also exist between them. Based on the idea of ‘middle’, represents the connecting element between two, which contributes for the existence of the Third. Accordingly, the Spirit is the third element in the Trinity relationship.

  8. Situating the Debate on "Geometrical Algebra" within the Framework of Premodern Algebra.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sialaros, Michalis; Christianidis, Jean

    2016-06-01

    Argument The aim of this paper is to employ the newly contextualized historiographical category of "premodern algebra" in order to revisit the arguably most controversial topic of the last decades in the field of Greek mathematics, namely the debate on "geometrical algebra." Within this framework, we shift focus from the discrepancy among the views expressed in the debate to some of the historiographical assumptions and methodological approaches that the opposing sides shared. Moreover, by using a series of propositions related to Elem. II.5 as a case study, we discuss Euclid's geometrical proofs, the so-called "semi-algebraic" alternative demonstrations attributed to Heron of Alexandria, as well as the solutions given by Diophantus, al-Sulamī, and al-Khwārizmī to the corresponding numerical problem. This comparative analysis offers a new reading of Heron's practice, highlights the significance of contextualizing "premodern algebra," and indicates that the origins of algebraic reasoning should be sought in the problem-solving practice, rather than in the theorem-proving tradition.

  9. Cohomology of Effect Algebras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frank Roumen

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available We will define two ways to assign cohomology groups to effect algebras, which occur in the algebraic study of quantum logic. The first way is based on Connes' cyclic cohomology. The resulting cohomology groups are related to the state space of the effect algebra, and can be computed using variations on the Kunneth and Mayer-Vietoris sequences. The second way involves a chain complex of ordered abelian groups, and gives rise to a cohomological characterization of state extensions on effect algebras. This has applications to no-go theorems in quantum foundations, such as Bell's theorem.

  10. Soluble Model Fluids with Complete Scaling and Yang-Yang Features

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cerdeiriña, Claudio A.; Orkoulas, Gerassimos; Fisher, Michael E.

    2016-01-01

    Yang-Yang (YY) and singular diameter critical anomalies arise in exactly soluble compressible cell gas (CCG) models that obey complete scaling with pressure mixing. Thus, on the critical isochore ρ =ρc , C˜ μ≔-T d2μ /d T2 diverges as |t |-α when t ∝T -Tc→0- while ρd-ρc˜|t |2β where ρd(T )=1/2 [ρliq+ρgas] . When the discrete local CCG cell volumes fluctuate freely, the YY ratio Rμ=C˜μ/CV may take any value -∞ 0 . More general decorated CCGs, including "hydrogen bonding" water models, illuminate energy-volume coupling as relevant to Rμ.

  11. Topology general & algebraic

    CERN Document Server

    Chatterjee, D

    2007-01-01

    About the Book: This book provides exposition of the subject both in its general and algebraic aspects. It deals with the notions of topological spaces, compactness, connectedness, completeness including metrizability and compactification, algebraic aspects of topological spaces through homotopy groups and homology groups. It begins with the basic notions of topological spaces but soon going beyond them reaches the domain of algebra through the notions of homotopy, homology and cohomology. How these approaches work in harmony is the subject matter of this book. The book finally arrives at the

  12. Graded associative conformal algebras of finite type

    OpenAIRE

    Kolesnikov, Pavel

    2011-01-01

    In this paper, we consider graded associative conformal algebras. The class of these objects includes pseudo-algebras over non-cocommutative Hopf algebras of regular functions on some linear algebraic groups. In particular, an associative conformal algebra which is graded by a finite group $\\Gamma $ is a pseudo-algebra over the coordinate Hopf algebra of a linear algebraic group $G$ such that the identity component $G^0$ is the affine line and $G/G^0\\simeq \\Gamma $. A classification of simple...

  13. Principles of linear algebra with Mathematica

    CERN Document Server

    Shiskowski, Kenneth M

    2013-01-01

    A hands-on introduction to the theoretical and computational aspects of linear algebra using Mathematica® Many topics in linear algebra are simple, yet computationally intensive, and computer algebra systems such as Mathematica® are essential not only for learning to apply the concepts to computationally challenging problems, but also for visualizing many of the geometric aspects within this field of study. Principles of Linear Algebra with Mathematica uniquely bridges the gap between beginning linear algebra and computational linear algebra that is often encountered in applied settings,

  14. Einstein algebras and general relativity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Heller, M.

    1992-01-01

    A purely algebraic structure called an Einstein algebra is defined in such a way that every spacetime satisfying Einstein's equations is an Einstein algebra but not vice versa. The Gelfand representation of Einstein algebras is defined, and two of its subrepresentations are discussed. One of them is equivalent to the global formulation of the standard theory of general relativity; the other one leads to a more general theory of gravitation which, in particular, includes so-called regular singularities. In order to include other types of singularities one must change to sheaves of Einstein algebras. They are defined and briefly discussed. As a test of the proposed method, the sheaf of Einstein algebras corresponding to the space-time of a straight cosmic string with quasiregular singularity is constructed. 22 refs

  15. Analytic real algebras.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seo, Young Joo; Kim, Young Hee

    2016-01-01

    In this paper we construct some real algebras by using elementary functions, and discuss some relations between several axioms and its related conditions for such functions. We obtain some conditions for real-valued functions to be a (edge) d -algebra.

  16. Polymeric implant of methylprednisolone for spinal injury ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Polymeric implant of methylprednisolone for spinal injury: preparation and characterization. Bo Yin, Jian-Jun Ji, Ming Yang. Abstract. Purpose: To improve the effectiveness and reduce the systemic side effects of methylprednisolone in traumatic spinal injuries, its polymeric implants were prepared using chitosan and sodium ...

  17. Biderivations of W-algebra $W(2,2)$ and Virasoro algebra without skewsymmetric condition and their applications

    OpenAIRE

    Tang, Xiaomin

    2016-01-01

    In this paper, we characterize the biderivations of W-algebra $W(2,2)$ and Virasoro algebra $Vir$ without skewsymmetric condition. We get two classes of non-inner biderivations. As applications, we also get the forms of linear commuting maps on W-algebra $W(2,2)$ and Virasoro algebra $Vir$.

  18. Journal of Genetics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Journal of Genetics. TIEK YING LAU. Articles written in Journal of Genetics. Volume 96 Issue 4 September 2017 pp 653-663 RESEARCH ARTICLE. Analysis of polymorphisms and selective pressures on ama1 gene in Plasmodium knowlesi isolates from Sabah, Malaysia · CHUEN YANG CHUA PINGCHIN ...

  19. Journal of Genetics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Journal of Genetics. PINGCHIN LEE. Articles written in Journal of Genetics. Volume 96 Issue 4 September 2017 pp 653-663 RESEARCH ARTICLE. Analysis of polymorphisms and selective pressures on ama1 gene in Plasmodium knowlesi isolates from Sabah, Malaysia · CHUEN YANG CHUA PINGCHIN ...

  20. Journal of Genetics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Journal of Genetics. MINGYAO YANG. Articles written in Journal of Genetics. Volume 96 Issue 6 December 2017 pp 1033-1040 RESEARCH ARTICLE. Illumina-based de novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of Chinese forest musk deer · ZHONGXIAN XU HANG JIE BINLONG CHEN UMA GAUR ...

  1. Evolution algebras generated by Gibbs measures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rozikov, Utkir A.; Tian, Jianjun Paul

    2009-03-01

    In this article we study algebraic structures of function spaces defined by graphs and state spaces equipped with Gibbs measures by associating evolution algebras. We give a constructive description of associating evolution algebras to the function spaces (cell spaces) defined by graphs and state spaces and Gibbs measure μ. For finite graphs we find some evolution subalgebras and other useful properties of the algebras. We obtain a structure theorem for evolution algebras when graphs are finite and connected. We prove that for a fixed finite graph, the function spaces have a unique algebraic structure since all evolution algebras are isomorphic to each other for whichever Gibbs measures are assigned. When graphs are infinite graphs then our construction allows a natural introduction of thermodynamics in studying of several systems of biology, physics and mathematics by theory of evolution algebras. (author)

  2. Kualitas Air Hujan dan Faktor Lingkungan yang Mempengaruhinya

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S Sudarmadji

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Hujan merupakan masukan dalam sistem hidrologi. Ditinjau dari kualitasnya dibandingkan dengan air aami lainnya, air hujan merupakan air paling murni dalam arti komposisinya hampir mendekati H2O. Namun demikian, pada hakekatnya tidak pernah dijumpai air hujan yang betul-betul hanya tersusun atas H2O saja, berbagai faktor lingkungan telah mempengaruhi kualitas air hujan tersebut. Pencemaran udara yang terjadi di kota-kota besar, baik yang berupa buangan gas maupun emisi dari kendaraan bermotor. Serta buangan gas dari pabrik telah mempengaruhi kualitas air hujan yang jatuh di daerah kota. Air hujan di daerah pantai juga terpengaruh oleh laut dengan segala aktifitas dan komposisi airnya. Di daerah gunung api yang masih aktif air hujan juga dipengaruhi oleh aktifitas tersebut. Masing-masing lingkungan tersebut di atas mempengaruhi komposisi air hujan. Kajian kualitas air hujan dilakukan dengan mengambil hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya di daerah pulau Jawa, namun demikian hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di luar negeri juga digunakan sebagai pembanding.

  3. Loop quantum corrected Einstein Yang-Mills black holes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Protter, Mason; DeBenedictis, Andrew

    2018-05-01

    In this paper, we study the homogeneous interiors of black holes possessing SU(2) Yang-Mills fields subject to corrections inspired by loop quantum gravity. The systems studied possess both magnetic and induced electric Yang-Mills fields. We consider the system of equations both with and without Wilson loop corrections to the Yang-Mills potential. The structure of the Yang-Mills Hamiltonian, along with the restriction to homogeneity, allows for an anomaly-free effective quantization. In particular, we study the bounce which replaces the classical singularity and the behavior of the Yang-Mills fields in the quantum corrected interior, which possesses topology R ×S2 . Beyond the bounce, the magnitude of the Yang-Mills electric field asymptotically grows monotonically. This results in an ever-expanding R sector even though the two-sphere volume is asymptotically constant. The results are similar with and without Wilson loop corrections on the Yang-Mills potential.

  4. ALJABAR: TANTANGAN BESERTA PEMBELAJARANNYA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ariyadi Wijaya

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Kesalahan atau kesulitan belajar bisa menjadi sumber penting dalam pembelajaran. Terdapat beberapa jenis kesulitan belajar aljabar yang dialami siswa, yaitu: (a kesalahan dalam memahami lambang =; (2 tendensi penggunaan prosedur aritmatika dan pengabaian variabel; (3 generalisasi; (4 abstraksi; dan (5 pemaknaan grafik. Dengan mengetahui jenis kesulitan belajar tersebut maka guru bisa merancang pembelajaran yang tepat. Lebih lanjut lagi, jika merujuk pada pendidikan matematika realistik, terdapat empat pandangan tentang belajar aljabar, yaitu: (1 aljabar sebagai aktivitas manusia (algebra as human activity; (2 aljabar sebagai aktivitas otak (algebra as brain activity; (3 aljabar sebagai aktivitas personal (algebra as personal activity; dan (4 aljabar sebagai aktivitas yang bermakna (algebra as meaningful activity. Kata kunci: kesulitan belajar aljabar, pembelajaran aljabar Errors or difficulties in learning could be an important source of learning. There are several types of students difficulties in learning algebra, namely: (1 Errors in understanding the symbol =; (2 Tendency to use arithmetic procedures and to ignore variables; (3 Generalization; (4 Abstraction; and (5 Graph interpretation. Teacher can design appropriate learning by identifying those students difficulties. Furthermore, there are four views about learning algebra referring to Realistic Mathematics Education: 1 algebra as human activity; (2 algebra as brain activity; (3 algebra as personal activity; (4 algebra as meaningful activity. Keywords: difficulties in learning algebra, algebra learning.

  5. On the classification of quantum W-algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bowcock, P.; Watts, G.T.M.

    1992-01-01

    In this paper we consider the structure of general quantum W-algebras. We introduce the notions of deformability, positive-definiteness, and reductivity of a W-algebra. We show that one can associate a reductive finite Lie algebra to each reductive W-algebra. The finite Lie algebra is also endowed with a preferred sl(2) subalgebra, which gives the conformal weights of the W-algebra. We extend this to cover W-algebras containing both bosonic and fermionic fields, and illustrate our ideas with the Poisson bracket algebras of generalised Drinfeld-Sokolov hamiltonian systems. We then discuss the possibilities of classifying deformable W-algebras which fall outside this class in the context of automorphisms of Lie algebras. In conclusion we list the cases in which the W-algebra has no weight-one fields, and further, those in which it has only one weight-two field. (orig.)

  6. Lie-Algebras. Pt. 1

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baeuerle, G.G.A.; Kerf, E.A. de

    1990-01-01

    The structure of the laws in physics is largely based on symmetries. This book is on Lie algebras, the mathematics of symmetry. It gives a thorough mathematical treatment of finite dimensional Lie algebras and Kac-Moody algebras. Concepts such as Cartan matrix, root system, Serre's construction are carefully introduced. Although the book can be read by an undergraduate with only an elementary knowledge of linear algebra, the book will also be of use to the experienced researcher. Experience has shown that students who followed the lectures are well-prepared to take on research in the realms of string-theory, conformal field-theory and integrable systems. 48 refs.; 66 figs.; 3 tabs

  7. Semiprojectivity of universal -algebras generated by algebraic elements

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Shulman, Tatiana

    2012-01-01

    Let be a polynomial in one variable whose roots all have multiplicity more than 1. It is shown that the universal -algebra of a relation , , is semiprojective and residually finite-dimensional. Applications to polynomially compact operators are given.......Let be a polynomial in one variable whose roots all have multiplicity more than 1. It is shown that the universal -algebra of a relation , , is semiprojective and residually finite-dimensional. Applications to polynomially compact operators are given....

  8. The formal theory of Hopf algebras part II: the case of Hopf algebras ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The category HopfR of Hopf algebras over a commutative unital ring R is analyzed with respect to its categorical properties. The main results are: (1) For every ring R the category HopfR is locally presentable, it is coreflective in the category of bialgebras over R, over every R-algebra there exists a cofree Hopf algebra. (2) If ...

  9. Macdonald index and chiral algebra

    Science.gov (United States)

    Song, Jaewon

    2017-08-01

    For any 4d N = 2 SCFT, there is a subsector described by a 2d chiral algebra. The vacuum character of the chiral algebra reproduces the Schur index of the corresponding 4d theory. The Macdonald index counts the same set of operators as the Schur index, but the former has one more fugacity than the latter. We conjecture a prescription to obtain the Macdonald index from the chiral algebra. The vacuum module admits a filtration, from which we construct an associated graded vector space. From this grading, we conjecture a notion of refined character for the vacuum module of a chiral algebra, which reproduces the Macdonald index. We test this prescription for the Argyres-Douglas theories of type ( A 1 , A 2 n ) and ( A 1 , D 2 n+1) where the chiral algebras are given by Virasoro and \\widehat{su}(2) affine Kac-Moody algebra. When the chiral algebra has more than one family of generators, our prescription requires a knowledge of the generators from the 4d.

  10. Vertex algebras and mirror symmetry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Borisov, L.A.

    2001-01-01

    Mirror Symmetry for Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in toric varieties is by now well established. However, previous approaches to it did not uncover the underlying reason for mirror varieties to be mirror. We are able to calculate explicitly vertex algebras that correspond to holomorphic parts of A and B models of Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces and complete intersections in toric varieties. We establish the relation between these vertex algebras for mirror Calabi-Yau manifolds. This should eventually allow us to rewrite the whole story of toric mirror symmetry in the language of sheaves of vertex algebras. Our approach is purely algebraic and involves simple techniques from toric geometry and homological algebra, as well as some basic results of the theory of vertex algebras. Ideas of this paper may also be useful in other problems related to maps from curves to algebraic varieties.This paper could also be of interest to physicists, because it contains explicit description of holomorphic parts of A and B models of Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces and complete intersections in terms of free bosons and fermions. (orig.)

  11. PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK YANG IDEAL DI SD/MI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sun Haji

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Anak usia sekolah / 6-12 tahun disebut masa sekolah, karena anak sudah menamatkan taman kanak-kanak sebagai lembaga persiapan bersekolah yang sebenarnya. Disebut masa matang untuk belajar, Karena anak sudah berusaha untuk mencapai sesuatu, tetapi, perkembangan aktivitas bermain yang hanya bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kesenangan pada waktu melakukan aktivitas itu sendiri. Disebut masa matang untuk sekolah, karena anak sudah menginginkan kecakapan-kecakapan baru, yang dapat diberikan oleh sekolah (Nasution Noehi, 1993: 44. Menurut Banett, dkk., karakteristik anak usia SD, antara lain sebagai berikut. (1 Mereka secara alamiah memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang kuat dan tertarik akan dunia sekitar yang mengelilingi diri mereka sendiri. (2 Senang bermain dan lebih suka bergembira. (3 Suka mengatur dirinya untuk menangani berbagai hal, mengeksplorasi suatu situasi dan mencoba usaha-usaha baru. (4 biasanya tergetar perasaannya dan terdorong untuk berprestasi sebagaimana mereka tidak suka mengalami ketidakpuasan dan menolak kegagalan-kegagalan. (5 Belajar secara efektif ketika merasa puas dengan situasi yang terjadi. (6 Belajar dengan cara bekerja, mengobservasi, berinisiatif dan mengajar anak-anak lainnya ( Mulyani Sumantri & Nana Syaodih, 2000: 12.

  12. Advanced modern algebra part 2

    CERN Document Server

    Rotman, Joseph J

    2017-01-01

    This book is the second part of the new edition of Advanced Modern Algebra (the first part published as Graduate Studies in Mathematics, Volume 165). Compared to the previous edition, the material has been significantly reorganized and many sections have been rewritten. The book presents many topics mentioned in the first part in greater depth and in more detail. The five chapters of the book are devoted to group theory, representation theory, homological algebra, categories, and commutative algebra, respectively. The book can be used as a text for a second abstract algebra graduate course, as a source of additional material to a first abstract algebra graduate course, or for self-study.

  13. A q-deformed Lorentz algebra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schmidke, W.B.; Wess, J.; Muenchen Univ.; Zumino, B.; Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA

    1991-01-01

    We derive a q-deformed version of the Lorentz algebra by deformating the algebra SL(2, C). The method is based on linear representations of the algebra on the complex quantum spinor space. We find that the generators usually identified with SL q (2, C) generate SU q (2) only. Four additional generators are added which generate Lorentz boosts. The full algebra of all seven generators and their coproduct is presented. We show that in the limit q→1 the generators are those of the classical Lorentz algebra plus an additional U(1). Thus we have a deformation of SL(2, C)xU(1). (orig.)

  14. Effects of exogenous growth regulators on cell suspension culture of yin-hong grape (vitis vinifera l.) and establishment of the optimum medium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chao, Y.; Feng, J.C.; Yan, W.Y.; Xiao, Y.; Jun, Y.Y

    2015-01-01

    Callus induced by stem of Yin-hong grape (Vitis vinifera L.) was used as materials and B5 medium as basic medium. The major growth parameters of cell suspension cultures with various levels of 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-Benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) were investigated to provide a basis for the optimum medium of suspension cell cultures of Yin-hong grape regarding cell number, packed cell volume (PCV), dry cell weight (DCW), cell viability, and morphology. All data were analysed by of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that the treatment of 6-BA and NAA would effect the cell growth dynamics, probably causing logarithmic phase in advance at higher levels of 6-BA. Different concentration of 6-BA and NAA had significant effects on cells number, PCV, DCW and viability (p<0.05), while no-significant effect was observed on the cells morphology. The optimum medium for suspension cell cultures of Yin-hong grape was identified as B5+1.5 mg/L6-BA+1.5 mg/LNAA+ 250 mg/L casein hydrolysate + 30 g/L sucrose. With the optimum medium, the maximum number of suspension cells after the logarithmic growth phase was 34.78 * 108 / mL, the highest cell viability reached 86.45%.; DCW reached 3.84 g/L and PCV reached 0.092 mL/mL after eight days cultivating. (author)

  15. Introduction to algebraic quantum field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Horuzhy, S.S.

    1990-01-01

    This volume presents a systematic introduction to the algebraic approach to quantum field theory. The structure of the contents corresponds to the way the subject has advanced. It is shown how the algebraic approach has developed from the purely axiomatic theory of observables via superselection rules into the dynamical formalism of fields and observables. Chapter one discusses axioms and their consequences -many of which are now classical theorems- and deals, in general, with the axiomatic theory of local observable algebras. The absence of field concepts makes this theory incomplete and, in chapter two, superselection rules are shown to be the key to the reconstruction of fields from observables. Chapter three deals with the algebras of Wightman fields, first unbounded operator algebras, then Von Neumann field algebras (with a special section on wedge region algebras) and finally local algebras of free and generalised free fields. (author). 447 refs.; 4 figs

  16. Comments on N=4 superconformal algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rasmussen, J.

    2001-01-01

    We present a new and asymmetric N=4 superconformal algebra for arbitrary central charge, thus completing our recent work on its classical analogue with vanishing central charge. Besides the Virasoro generator and 4 supercurrents, the algebra consists of an internal SU(2)xU(1) Kac-Moody algebra in addition to two spin 1/2 fermions and a bosonic scalar. The algebra is shown to be invariant under a linear twist of the generators, except for a unique value of the continuous twist parameter. At this value, the invariance is broken and the algebra collapses to the small N=4 superconformal algebra. The asymmetric N=4 superconformal algebra may be seen as induced by an affine SL(2 vertical bar 2) current superalgebra. Replacing SL(2 vertical bar 2) with the coset SL(2 vertical bar 2)/U(1), results directly in the small N=4 superconformal algebra

  17. The theory of algebraic numbers

    CERN Document Server

    Pollard, Harry

    1998-01-01

    An excellent introduction to the basics of algebraic number theory, this concise, well-written volume examines Gaussian primes; polynomials over a field; algebraic number fields; and algebraic integers and integral bases. After establishing a firm introductory foundation, the text explores the uses of arithmetic in algebraic number fields; the fundamental theorem of ideal theory and its consequences; ideal classes and class numbers; and the Fermat conjecture. 1975 edition. References. List of Symbols. Index.

  18. Quantum Heisenberg groups and Sklyanin algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Andruskiewitsch, N.; Devoto, J.; Tiraboschi, A.

    1993-05-01

    We define new quantizations of the Heisenberg group by introducing new quantizations in the universal enveloping algebra of its Lie algebra. Matrix coefficients of the Stone-von Neumann representation are preserved by these new multiplications on the algebra of functions on the Heisenberg group. Some of the new quantizations provide also a new multiplication in the algebra of theta functions; we obtain in this way Sklyanin algebras. (author). 23 refs

  19. PERBEDAAN PH SALIVA ANTARA PENGGUNA PASTA GIGI YANG MENGANDUNG BAKING SODA DAN PENGGUNA PASTA GIGI YANG MENGANDUNG FLUOR

    OpenAIRE

    LINARDI, ALICIA NADIA

    2014-01-01

    2014 Latar belakang : Baking soda dan fluor merupakan bahan yang biasa ditambahkan dalam pasta gigi. Baking soda dan fluor mempunyai kemampuan untuk meningkatkan sekresi saliva dan pH saliva. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan pH saliva antara pengguna pasta gigi yang mengandung baking soda dan pengguna pasta gigi yang mengandun fluor. Bahan dan metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan desai...

  20. Classification of simple flexible Lie-admissible algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Okubo, S.; Myung, H.C.

    1979-01-01

    Let A be a finite-dimensional flexible Lie-admissible algebra over the complex field such that A - is a simple Lie algebra. It is shown that either A is itself a Lie algebra isomorphic to A - or A - is a Lie algebra of type A/sub n/ (n greater than or equal to 2). In the latter case, A is isomorphic to the algebra defined on the space of (n + 1) x (n + 1) traceless matrices with multiplication given by x * y = μxy + (1 - μ)yx - (1/(n + 100 Tr (xy) E where μ is a fixed scalar, xy denotes the matrix operators in Lie algebras which has been studied in theoretical physics. We also discuss a broader class of Lie algebras over arbitrary field of characteristic not equal to 2, called quasi-classical, which includes semisimple as well as reductive Lie algebras. For this class of Lie algebras, we can introduce a multiplication which makes the adjoint operator space into an associative algebra. When L is a Lie algebra with nondegenerate killing form, it is shown that the adjoint operator algebra of L in the adjoint representation becomes a commutative associative algebra with unit element and its dimension is 1 or 2 if L is simple over the complex field. This is related to the known result that a Lie algebra of type A/sub n/ (n greater than or equal to 2) alone has a nonzero completely symmetric adjoint operator in the adjoint representation while all other algebras have none. Finally, Lie-admissible algebras associated with bilinear form are investigated