Light regimes differentially affect baseline transcript abundance of stress-axis and (neurodevelopment-related genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio, Hamilton 1822 AB and TL larvae

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Ruud van den Bos

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Many strains of zebrafish (Danio rerio are readily available. Earlier we observed differences between AB and Tupfel long-fin (TL larvae regarding baseline hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI axis activity and (neurodevelopment. Light regimes, i.e. 14 h light:10 h dark and 24 h continuous dark or light, affect hatching rate and larval growth. Here, we assessed baseline transcript abundance of HPI-axis-related genes and (neurodevelopment-related genes of AB and TL larvae (5 days post fertilisation using these light regimes. A principal component analysis revealed that in AB larvae the baseline expression of HPI-axis-related genes was higher the more hours of light, while the expression of (neurodevelopment-related genes was higher under 14 h light:10 h dark than under both continuous light or dark. In TL larvae, a complex pattern emerged regarding baseline expression of HPI-axis-related and (neurodevelopment-related genes. These data extend data of earlier studies by showing that light regimes affect gene-expression in larvae, and more importantly so, strengthen the notion of differences between larvae of the AB and TL strain. The latter finding adds to the growing database of phenotypical differences between zebrafish of the AB and TL strain.

Automation of TL brick dating by ADAM-1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cechak, T.; Gerndt, J.; Hirsl, P.; Jirousek, P.; Kubelik, M.; Musilek, L.; Kanaval, J.

2000-01-01

Thermoluminescence has become an established dating method for ceramics and more recently for bricks. Based on the experiences of the work carried out since the late 1970's at the Rathgen-Forschungslabor in Berlin on the dating of bricks from historic architecture, and after evaluating all commercially available and some individually built automated and semi-automated TL-readers, a specially adapted machine for the fine grain dating of bricks was constructed in an interdisciplinary research project, undertaken by a team recruited from three faculties of the Czech Technical University in Prague. The result is the automated TL-reader ADAM-1 (Automated Dating Apparatus for Monuments) for the dating of historic architecture. Both the specific adaptation of the technique and the necessary optimal automation have influenced the design of this TL-reader. The principle advantage of brick as opposed to ceramic TL-dating emerges from the possibility of being able to obtain both a large number of samples and an above average quantity of datable material from each sample. This, together with the specific physical and chemical conditions in a brick wall, allowed a rethinking of the traditional error calculation and thus lower error margins as those obtained when dating ceramic shards. The TL-reader must therefore be able to measure and evaluate automatically numerous samples. The annular sample holder of ADAM-1 has 60 sample positions, which allow the irradiation and evaluation of samples taken from two locations. The thirty samples from one sampling point are divided into subgroups, which are processed in various ways. Three samples serve for a rough estimate of the TL sensitivity of the brick material. Nine samples are used for the measurement of 'natural TL' of the material. A further nine samples are used for testing the sensitivity of the material to beta radiation. The last nine samples serve for the testing of the sensitivity to alpha radiation. To determine the

Two cases of hyperparathyroidism revealed by /sup 201/Tl-chloride

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Otsuka, Kokichi; Asano, Haruko; Moriyama, Shigeharu (Okayama Red Cross Hospital (Japan))

1983-08-01

/sup 201/Tl scintigraphy at 15 min and 120 min after intravenous injection of /sup 201/TlCl revealed a parathyroidal adenoma (1.7g) in a 49-year-old female patient with hyperthyroidism complicated by renal calculi and that (1.8g) in a 58-year-old female patient without symptoms. /sup 75/Se could be substituted by /sup 201/Tl which was useful for localizing parathyroidal adenoma in hyperparathyroidism. /sup 201/Tl scintigraphy revealed the adenoma which was not palpable. The smallest adenoma detected by it was 0.9g.

Spectrophotometric determination of Tl carrier in 201Tl-TlCl injection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gong Quansheng; Jing Lie

1997-01-01

A simple and sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of carrier content (Thallium) in 201 Tl-TlCl injection is described. Thallium (I) is oxidised to Thallium (III) by aqueous bromine, then excess bromine is removed by adding sulfosalicylic acid. In buffer solution (NH 4 Cl-NH 4 OH) at pH 11.7 with the presence of emulsifier OP, thallium (III) and cadion form a complex having an absorption maximum at 469 nm with a molar absorptivity of 1.37 x 10 4 m 2 /mol. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0-7 μg/5 mL. The effect of impurity elements in 201 Tl-TlCl injection is examined. It is an ideal method for the analysis of radioactive solution

Crystal structures of Ni sup 2 sup + -and Tl sup + -exchanged zeolite X, Ni sub 1 sub 7 Tl sub 5 sub 8 Si sub 1 sub 0 sub 0 Al sub 9 sub 2 O sub 3 sub 8 sub 4 and Ni sub 1 sub 2 Tl sub 6 sub 8 Si sub 1 sub 0 sub 0 Al sub 9 sub 2 O sub 3 sub 8 sub 4

CERN Document Server

Song, M K; Kim, Y

2001-01-01

The crystal structures of fully dehydrated Ni sup 2 sup + - and Tl sup + -exchanged zeolite X (Ni sub 1 sub 7 Tl sub 5 sub 8 -X, and Ni sub 1 sub 2 Tl sub 6 sub 8 -X; X=Si sub 1 sub 0 sub 0 Al sub 9 sub 2 O sub 3 sub 8 sub 4) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd3 at 21(1) .deg. C (a=24.380(4) A, 24.660(4) A, respectively). Their structures have been refined to the final error indices R sub 1 =0.037 and R sub 2 =0.043 with 485 reflections, and R sub 1 =0.039 and R sub 2 =0.040 with 306 reflections, respectively, for which I>3 sigma(I). In Ni sub 1 sub 7 Tl sub 5 sub 8 -X, 17 Ni sup 2 sup + ions per unit cell were found at only two sites: 15 at site I at the center of the hexagonal prism (Ni-O=2.203(9) A). and the remaining 2 at site II near single six-oxygen rings in the supercage (Ni-O=2.16(3) A). Fifty-eight Tl sup + ions were found at five crystallographic sites: 28 at site II (Tl-O=2.626(8) A, 2 at site I' in the sodalite cavity near the hexagonal ...

Two crystal structures of Ag sup + -and Tl sup + -exchanged zeolite X, Ag sub 2 sub 7 Tl sub 6 sub 5 -X and Ag sub 2 sub 3 Tl sub 6 sub 9 -X

CERN Document Server

Kim, S Y; Kim, Y

2002-01-01

Two crystal structures of dehydrated Ag sup + -and Tl sup + -exchanged zeolite X (Ag sub 2 sub 7 Tl sub 6 sub 5 -X and Ag sub 2 sub 3 Tl sub 6 sub 9 -X) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd3 at 21(1) .deg. C (a = 24.758(4) A, a = 24.947(4) A, respectively). Their structures were refined to the final error indices R sub 1 = 0.055 and wR sub 2 = 0.057 with 375 reflections, and R sub 1 = 0.058 and wR sub 2 = 0.057 with 235 reflections, respectively, for which I> 3 sigma(I). In the structure of Ag sub 2 sub 7 Tl sub 6 sub 5 -X, 27 Ag sup + ions were found at two crystallographic sites: 15 Ag sup + ions at site I at the center of the hexagonal prism and the remaining 12 Ag sup + ions at site II' in the sodalite cavity. Sixty-five Tl sup + ions were located at three crystallographic sites: 20 Tl sup + ions at site II opposite single six-rings in the supercage, 18 Tl sup + ions at site I' in the sodalite cavity opposite the D6Rs, and the remaining 27 Tl sup ...

205Tl experiment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Henning, W.; Kutschera, W.; Ernst, H.

1984-01-01

205 Tl has been previously proposed as a geological detector for solar neutrinos, making use of the reaction 205 Tl(nu, e - ) 205 Pb with a neutrino threshold of only approx. = 43 keV. We report on an experiment performed to study the feasibility of detecting radioactive 205 Pb nuclei (T/sub 1/2/ = 15 million years) at very low concentrations using the recently developed technique of accelerator mass spectrometry. Employing the high-energy ion beams of good quality from the UNILAC heavy-ion accelerator at the GSI Darmstadt, we are able to demonstrate a suppression of neighbouring isotopes to better than 1 in 10 16 and of neighbouring elements to about 1 in 10 3 . While these results are very encouraging, the minimum number of atoms detectable is still severely limited by the efficiency of producing multiply-charged ions from present ion sources. Future improvements in ion-source performance are briefly discussed

Isotopic exchange in a neutron-irradiated mixed-valence compound: Tl3(I) Tl(III)Cl6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fernandez Valverde, S.; Duplatre, G.

1977-01-01

The initial distribution of Tl(I) and Tl(III) species, and its change on heating, have been investigated in solid thermal neutron-irradiated Th 4 Cl 6 . An initial ratio of 5/1 for 204 Tl(I)/ 204 Tl(III) is found and this remains constant for integral gamma-doses of 3 to 12 MRad. The variation of the 204 Tl(III) fraction with temperature is found identical to that observed in labelled Tl 4 Cl 6 for which a genuine isotopic exchange has previously been described. It is concluded that the recoil species are rapidly converted, after the recoil processes, into stable ions

Fine Mapping and Cloning of Leafy Head Mutant Gene pla1-5 in Rice

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Gong-neng FENG

2013-09-01

Full Text Available We identified a leafy head mutant pla1-5 (plastochron 1-5 from the progeny of japonica rice cultivar Taipei 309 treated with 60Co-γ ray irradiation. The pla1-5 mutant has a dwarf phenotype and small leaves. Compared with its wild type, pla1-5 has more leaves and fewer tillers, and it fails to produce normal panicles at the maturity stage. Genetic analysis showed that the pla1-5 phenotype is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Using the map-based cloning strategy, we narrowed down the location of the target gene to a 58-kb region between simple sequence repeat markers CHR1027 and CHR1030 on the long arm of chromosome 10. The target gene cosegregated with molecular markers CHR1028 and CHR1029. There were five predicted genes in the mapped region. The results from sequencing analysis revealed that there was one base deletion in the first exon of LOC_Os10g26340 encoding cytochrome P450 CYP78A11 in the pla1-5 mutant, which might result in a downstream frame shift and premature termination. These results suggest that the P450 CYP78A11 gene is the candidate gene of PLA1-5.

Tl-201 per rectum scintigraphy in chronic liver disease: assessment of Tl-201 uptake indices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moon, Won Jin; Choi, Yun Young; Cho, Suk Shin; Lee, Min Ho

1999-01-01

Heart to liver ratio on Tl-201 per rectal scintigraphy (shunt index) is known to be useful in the assessment of portal systemic shunt. We assessed Tl-201 uptake pattern and early liver/heart uptake rate of Tl-201 and correlated with shunt index in patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and liver cirrhosis (LC). Fifty eight patients with biopsy-proven chronic liver disease (35 with CAH, 23 with LC) underwent Tl-201 per rectum scintigraphy after instillation of 18.5 MBq of Tl-201 into the upper rectum. We evaluated hepatic uptake (type 1: homogeneous, 2: inhomogeneous segmental, 3: inhomogeneous nonsegmental) and extrahepatic uptake of spleen, heart and kidney (grade 0: no uptake, 1: less than liver, 2: equal to liver, 3: greater than liver). We measured the early liver/heart uptake rate (the slope of the liver to heart uptake ratio for 10 mim) and shunt index (heart to liver uptake ratio). Tl-201 uptake pattern and early liver/heart uptake rate of Tl-201 was correlated with the pathologic diagnosis and shunt index. Hepatic uptake patterns of type 1 and 2 were dominant in CAH (CAH: 27/35, LC: 8/23), and type 3 in LC (CAH: 8/35, LC: 15/23)(p<0.005). The grades of extrahepatic uptake were higher in LC than in CAH (spleen: p<0.001, other soft tissue: p<0.005). The early liver/heart uptake rate of CAH (0.110±0.111) was significantly higher than that of LC (0.014±0.090)(p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the early liver/heart uptake rate were 77.7% and 67.7% in differentiating LC from CAH. There was negative correlation between early liver/heart uptake rate and shunt index (r=-0.3347, p<0.01). Hepatic and extrahepatic uptake pattern and early liver/heart uptake rate on Tl-201 per rectum scintigraphy are useful in the assessment of portal systemic shunt in patients with chronic liver disease

M1 transitions between superdeformed states in 195Tl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zheng Xing; Xingqu Chen; Xiaochun Wang

1996-01-01

Using a triaxial-particle-rotor model, the quadrupole and dipole transition energies, kinematic and dynamic moments of inertia, electromagnetic transition probabilities and the relative intensity of the E2 γ-transitions are calculated for superdeformed bands in 195 Tl. A strong perturbation effect of rotation on transition energies and M1 and E2 transitions of superdeformed states is investigated. The total M1 transitions, enhanced by internal conversion, are expected to compete strongly with the E2 γ-ray at low spins in the superdeformed 195 Tl nucleus. (author)

Pressure-induced magnetic collapse and metallization of TlF e1.6S e2

Science.gov (United States)

Naumov, P. G.; Filsinger, K.; Shylin, S. I.; Barkalov, O. I.; Ksenofontov, V.; Qi, Y.; Palasyuk, T.; Schnelle, W.; Medvedev, S. A.; Greenblatt, M.; Felser, C.

2017-08-01

The crystal structure, magnetic ordering, and electrical resistivity of TlF e1.6S e2 were studied at high pressures. Below ˜7 GPa , TlF e1.6S e2 is an antiferromagnetically ordered semiconductor with a ThC r2S i2 -type structure. The insulator-to-metal transformation observed at a pressure of ˜7 GPa is accompanied by a loss of magnetic ordering and an isostructural phase transition. In the pressure range ˜7.5 -11 GPa a remarkable downturn in resistivity, which resembles a superconducting transition, is observed below 15 K. We discuss this feature as the possible onset of superconductivity originating from a phase separation in a small fraction of the sample in the vicinity of the magnetic transition.

SIGNIFICANCE OF ETV6-RUNX1 FUSION GENE TRANSCRIPT DETECTION IN PEDIATRIC B-CELL PRECURSOR ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA WITH TRANSLOCATION t(12;21(p13;q22

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G. A. Tsaur

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction. Translocation t(12;21(p13;q22 is one of the most common structural genetic abnormalities in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL. It cannot be detected by conventional G-banding, so a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR or fluorescent in situ hybridization are used for this purpose.The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of qualitative and quantitative detection of ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene transcript at various time points in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL patients.Materials and methods. ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene transcript was revealed by both reverse-transcriptase PCR and quantitative real-time PCR (RQ-PCR in 34 out of 166 (20.5 % children with BCP-ALL. Qualitative ETV6-RUNX1-positivity at days 36 and 85 led to unfavorable outcome (lower event-free survival –EFS and higher cumulative incidence of relapse – CIR. While ETV6-RUNX1 status at day 15 did not allow to divide patients with different outcomes. By ROC curve analysis we determined threshold levels (TL for ETV6-RUNX1/ABL1 ratio at days 0, 15, 36 and 85. Afterwards we adjusted obtained results to 10-fold scale.Results. So practically applicable TL were as follows 500.0 %, 1 %, 0.1 % и 0.01 % for days 0, 15, 36 and 85, respectively. EFS and CIR were both worse in patients with ETV6-RUNX1/ABL1 ratio equal or above defined TL. Moreover, initial ratio ≥500,0 % corresponded to delayed blast clearance at days 15 and 36. We showed good qualitative (84.8 % and quantitative (R2 = 0.953 concordance between ETV6-RUNX1/ABL1 ratio and MRD data obtained by flow cytometry at days 15, 36, 85. Of note, defined TL for ETV6-RUNX1/ABL1 at days 15, 36, 85 were equal to prognostically important levels for flow cytometry MRD.Conclusion. Thus, qualitative detection and quantitative value of ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene transcript showed prognostic significance in the course of treatment in children with BCP-ALL. Based

Evidence for charge Kondo effect in superconducting Tl-doped PbTe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fisher, I

2010-01-11

We report results of low-temperature thermodynamic and transport measurements of Pb{sub 1-x}Tl{sub x}Te single crystals for Tl concentrations up to the solubility limit of approximately x = 1.5%. For all doped samples, we observe a low-temperature resistivity upturn that scales in magnitude with the Tl concentration. The temperature and field dependence of this upturn are consistent with a charge Kondo effect involving degenerate Tl valence states differing by two electrons, with a characteristic Kondo temperature T{sub K} {approx} 6 K. The observation of such an effect supports an electronic pairing mechanism for superconductivity in this material and may account for the anomalously high T{sub c} values.

Effect of proline rich 15-deficiency on trophoblast viability and survival.

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Katherine C Gates

Full Text Available Deviations from the normal program of gene expression during early pregnancy can lead to early embryonic loss as well as dysfunctional placentation, which can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Proline rich 15 (PRR15 is a low molecular weight nuclear protein expressed by the trophoblast during early gestation. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of PRR15 mRNA in ovine trophectoderm led to demise of the embryo by gestational day 15, providing compelling evidence that PRR15 expression is critical during this precarious window of development. Our objective was to determine the effect of PRR15 knockdown on trophoblast gene expression, proliferation, and survival. The first-trimester human trophoblast cell line, ACH-3P, was infected with control lentivirus or a lentivirus expressing a short hairpin (shRNA to target PRR15 mRNA for degradation, resulting in a 68% reduction in PRR15 mRNA. Microarray analysis of these cell lines revealed differential expression of genes related to cancer, focal adhesion, and p53 signaling. These changes included significant up-regulation of GDF15, a cytokine increased in pregnancies with preeclampsia. Viability and proliferation decreased in PRR15-deficient cells, which was consistent with down-regulation of cell cycle-related genes CCND1 and CDK6 and an up-regulation of CCNG2 and CDKN1A in the PRR15-deficient cells. TNFSF10, a tumor necrosis factor superfamily member known to induce apoptosis increased significantly in the PRR15-deficient cells. Migration through a basement membrane matrix decreased and an increased population of apoptotic cells was present when treated with shRNA to target PRR15. These results suggest that PRR15 enhances trophoblast viability and survival during early implantation and placentation.

Spin dynamics in the high-field phase of quantum-critical S =1/2 TlCuCl sub 3

CERN Document Server

Rueegg, C; Furrer, A; Krämer, K; Güdel, H U; Vorderwisch, P; Mutka, H

2002-01-01

An external magnetic field suppresses the spin-energy gap in singlet ground state S=1/2 TlCuCl sub 3. The system becomes quantum-critical at H sub c approx 5.7 T, where the energy of the lowest Zeeman-split triplet excitation crosses the nonmagnetic ground state. Antiferromagnetic ordering is reported above H sub c , which underlines the three-dimensional nature of the observed quantum phase transition. The intrinsic parameters of S=1/2 TlCuCl sub 3 allow us to access the critical region microscopically by neutron scattering. A substantial study of the spin dynamics in the high-field phase of TlCuCl sub 3 at T=1.5 K up to H=12 T was performed for the first time. The results possibly indicate two dynamical regimes, which can be understood within characteristically renormalized triplet modes and a low-lying dynamics of potentially collective origin. (orig.)

The usefulness of [sup 201]TlCl scintigraphy for the diagnosis of breast tumor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takahashi, Tamami; Moriya, Etsuo; Miyamoto, Yukio; Kawakami, Kenji; Kubo, Hirotaka; Uchida, Takeshi [Jikei Univ., Tokyo (Japan). School of Medicine

1994-06-01

The usefulness of [sup 201]TlCl SPECT (Tl SPECT) for the diagnosis of breast cancer was evaluated in 14 patients with various breast tumors (9 with invasive ductal carcinoma, 2 with fibroadenoma and 3 with benign process). These tumors ranged in size from 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm to 15.0 cm x 14.0 cm. Tl SPECT was carried out 2 hours after the intravenous injection of [sup 201]TlCl (185 MBq). For quantitative study, ROIs were set in the tumor (T), normal tissue of the opposite breast (B) and myocardium (M). Count ratios of T/B and T/M were calculated. Eight patients with breast cancer and a case of fibroadenoma showed intense accumulation of [sup 201]TlCl in the tumors. The T/B ratio was 1.20[+-]0.68 and the T/M ratio was 0.68[+-]0.31 in the 9 cases. Lymph node metastasis was detected in 2 of 6 cases that were confirmed at operation. No remarkable accumulation of [sup 201]TlCl was seen in 4 patients with benign process. One patient with benign tumor showed a false positive result. The rates of accuracy of mammography and ultrasonography for the same subjects were 82% and 84%, respectively. The results suggest that [sup 201]TlCl SPECT might be useful to assess breast cancer in cases in which the findings of other modalities are equivocal. (author).

Isolation and expression pattern of COR15b and KIN1 genes in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2009-11-02

Nov 2, 2009 ... COR15b and KIN1 (COR 6.5) genes encode polypeptides of 15 KDa and 6.5 KDa, respectively. They are involved in the dehydration tolerance mechanisms and play important role under cold stress. cDNA sequences of COR15b and KIN1 genes were firstly isolated from leaves of watermelon (Citrullus.

The neutron diffraction of molten TlCl, TlBr, and TlI

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Satow, T.; Uemura, O.; Hoshino, K.; Watanabe, T.

1984-01-01

Structure factors S(K) for liquid TlCl, TlBr, and TlI are determined by neutron diffraction measurements. Atomic radial distribution functions (RDF) derived from S(K) are presented. All RDF values are slightly smaller than those of their solid state counter parts. Results show that TlX has a tendency not to retain cesium-chloride type local order, but to take sodium-chloride type order when melting

Program for the evaluation of TL-brick dating: 'ADAM-1-EVA'

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Novotna, V.; Kubelik, M.; Musilek, L.

2000-01-01

Although the evaluation of the TL-mean date has presented very little diversity since first published, the error evaluation has prompted a lot of discussion. Particularly the physical, chemical, statistical and mathematical differences as reflected in the specifics of the evaluation of the individual random and systematic errors in ceramic and brick dating are undervalued in literature. The construction of an automated TL-Reader (ADAM-1) at the Czech Technical University in Prague was taken as an opportunity to create a whole new software package for the evaluation ('EVA') of TL-dates. ADAM-1 is designed primarily for brick dating, using the fine-grain technique. The philosophy of data processing is similar to that applied by the Berlin group in their research of Venetian Villas. The program was developed using Delphi, as it is user-friendlier than pure Pascal, offers a strong graphic platform and allows flexibility in data management. This was important, as the program was conceived to either interact directly with ADAM-1, or to be operated independently for data evaluation and management. The software package consists of two discrete yet combinable components: one for the calculation of the TL mean date, using all raw data obtained from ADAM-1 and peripheral measurements; the other for the evaluation of systematic, random and context errors of individual samples and sample groups. All steps in the calculations are also graphically available, e.g. glow curves, plateau test, TL vs. dose dependence and charts summarising the results of all calculations for an individual sample and a given context. (author)

Study of Tl0(1) and In0(1) defects in alkaline halides: prototype of a color center as active laser medium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vieira Junior, N.D.

1986-01-01

The optical properties of the Tl 0 (1) and In 0 (1) centers in Kcl crystals in cation sites of the crystal lattice, perturbed by an adjacent anion vacancy. Emphasis is given to the lowest energy levels. Using a tagging optical absorption technique, the absorption bands were identified. The laser action of Tl 0 (1) center in KCl by pumping with Nd: YAG laser in the lowest energy absorption band was obtained. A simple way to achieve continuous single frequency laser operation using a grating as the sole tuning element is described. It is shown that, by proper choice of cavity parameters, the competing hole burning modes can be completely supressed. Experiments were carried out using Tl 0 (1) centers in KCl as the gain medium. The production of pulses via synchronous pumping of Tl 0 (1) color center in KCl are reported. (author) [pt

Super-ionic conductivity in (1D) nanofibrous TlGaTe2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sardarly, R.M.; Samedov, O.A.; Abdullaev, A.P.; Salmanov, F.T.; Urbanovic, A.; Garet, F.; Coutaz, J.-L.

2010-01-01

Full text : Nanodimension topologic-disorder materials constitute an important feature in the development of modern electronics. Among such materials, TlGaTe 2 is a p-type semiconductor with a nanofibrous structure Ga 3 +Te 2 - 2 groups form chains extending along the c-axis of the material. These negatively charged chains are bonded together by Tl+ ions. The resulting tetragonal lattice is characterized by a 18 D4h group symmetry. Recently, much attention has been paid to systems that behave as if they had less than 3 spatial dimensions. Such materials are often called quasi-one-dimensional (1D) nanorods, nanofibrous or nanochains. It was already studied the temperature dependence of conductivity σ (T) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of TlGaTe 2 . In the ohmic region of the I -V curve, σ (T) exhibits a behavior typical of hopping conductivity, which can be modeled in the framework of the Mott approximation. Moreover, it was determined the values of the density of localized states, the activation energy, the hop lengths, and the difference between the energies of states and the concentration of deep traps. The abrupt variation of the I-V curve is ascribed to the Pool-Frenkel thermal-field effect, which allows to obtain the concentration of ionized centers, the free-path lengths, the Frenkel coefficients and the shape of the potential well of TlGaTe 2 . For T>300 K, TlGaTe 2 crystals present interesting nonlinear electrical behaviors, such as switching effects and a negative-differential-resistance (NDR) region in their S-type I-V characteristics. In the NDR region, self-excited oscillations of the voltage were also observed. Here, it was investigated the temperature dependence of TlGaTe 2 crystals conductivity σ (T) in two experimental geometries, i.e. parallel and perpendicularly to the tetragonal c-axis of the crystal. The observed sharp increase of TlGaTe 2 conductivity results from a strong change of the number of the high-mobility ions. The

Effects of smoking on myocardial injury in patients with conservatively treated acute myocardial infarction. A study with resting 123I-15-iodophenyl 3-methyl pentadecanoic acid/201Tl myocardial single photon emission computed tomography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamagishi, Hiroyuki; Akioka, Kaname; Shirai, Naoya; Yoshiyama, Minoru; Teragaki, Masakazu; Takeuchi, Kazuhide; Yoshikawa, Junichi; Ochi, Hironobu

2001-01-01

Many reports have demonstrated that smokers who have suffered an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have a better prognosis than nonsmokers. The present study investigated the effects of current smoking on myocardial injury with resting 123 I-15-iodophenyl 3-methyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP)/ 201 Tl myocardial single photon emission computed tomography in 103 patients with conservatively treated AMI. The left ventricular myocardium was divided into 9 segments and BMIPP and 201 Tl defects were scored using a 5-point grading system (0=normal and 4=no uptake). The sum of the defect scores was defined as the total defect score. There was no significant difference in either the baseline severity of the coronary artery discase or the total defect scores for BMIPP and 201 Tl between the current smoker and nonsmoker groups. The difference between the total defect scores for BMIPP and 201 Tl tended to be larger in the current smoker group than in the nonsmoker group (2.0±1.9 vs 1.3±1.6, p=0.056). Forty-one (53%) of 77 patients in the current smoker group exhibited a BMIPP/ 201 Tl mismatch, whereas only 8 (31%) of 26 patients in the nonsmoker group did (p=0.047). In conclusion, current smokers had more likelihood of salvageable myocardium in areas at risk, as demonstrated by BMIPP/ 201 Tl mismatch, in AMI than nonsmokers. (author)

Integrated Analyses of Gene Expression Profiles Digs out Common Markers for Rheumatic Diseases

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Lan; Wu, Long-Fei; Lu, Xin; Mo, Xing-Bo; Tang, Zai-Xiang; Lei, Shu-Feng; Deng, Fei-Yan

2015-01-01

Objective Rheumatic diseases have some common symptoms. Extensive gene expression studies, accumulated thus far, have successfully identified signature molecules for each rheumatic disease, individually. However, whether there exist shared factors across rheumatic diseases has yet to be tested. Methods We collected and utilized 6 public microarray datasets covering 4 types of representative rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthritis. Then we detected overlaps of differentially expressed genes across datasets and performed a meta-analysis aiming at identifying common differentially expressed genes that discriminate between pathological cases and normal controls. To further gain insights into the functions of the identified common differentially expressed genes, we conducted gene ontology enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis. Results We identified a total of eight differentially expressed genes (TNFSF10, CX3CR1, LY96, TLR5, TXN, TIA1, PRKCH, PRF1), each associated with at least 3 of the 4 studied rheumatic diseases. Meta-analysis warranted the significance of the eight genes and highlighted the general significance of four genes (CX3CR1, LY96, TLR5, and PRF1). Protein-protein interaction and gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated that the eight genes interact with each other to exert functions related to immune response and immune regulation. Conclusion The findings support that there exist common factors underlying rheumatic diseases. For rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis and osteoarthritis diseases, those common factors include TNFSF10, CX3CR1, LY96, TLR5, TXN, TIA1, PRKCH, and PRF1. In-depth studies on these common factors may provide keys to understanding the pathogenesis and developing intervention strategies for rheumatic diseases. PMID:26352601

Anti-leukemia activity of MS-275 histone deacetylase inhibitor implicates 4-1BBL/4-1BB immunomodulatory functions.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bérengère Vire

Full Text Available Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi have demonstrated promising therapeutic potential in clinical trials for hematological malignancies. HDACi, such as SAHA/Vorinostat, Trichostatin A, and MS-275 were found to induce apoptosis of leukemic blasts through activation of the death receptor pathway and transcriptional induction of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-related pro-apoptotic family members, TRAIL and FasL. The impact of HDACi on TNF-related costimulatory molecules such as 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL/TNFSF9 is however not known. Following exposure to SAHA/Vorinostat, Trichostatin A, and MS-275, transcript levels were determined by real time PCR in Jurkat, Raji and U937 cells. Treatment with HDACi up-regulated TNFSF9 gene expression in the three leukemia cell lines, yet to different extend and with distinct kinetics, which did not require de novo protein synthesis and was not associated with DNAse I hypersensitive chromatin remodeling. Transcriptional activity of TNFSF9 promoter-luciferase constructs was induced up to 12 fold by HDACi, and implication of Sp1/Sp3 transcription factors binding to functional GC-box elements was evidenced by reporter gene assays, site-directed mutagenesis, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Functionality of modulated target genes was assessed in allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction experiments. MS-275- and to a lesser extent Trichostatin A- and SAHA-treated Raji cells significantly up regulated T lymphocytes proliferation which was reduced by about 50% by a 4-1BB blocking recombinant protein, while MS-275- but neither Trichostatin A- nor SAHA-treated cells up-regulated IFNgamma secretion by T lymphocytes. Our results identify 4-1BBL/4-1BB as a downstream target of HDACi, especially of MS-275 anti-leukemia action in vitro. Thus, HDACi such as MS-275 displaying dual TNF-dependent proapoptotic and costimulatory activities might be favored for inclusion in HDACi-based anti-cancer therapeutic strategies.

TNFSF14 (LIGHT Exhibits Inflammatory Activities in Lung Fibroblasts Complementary to IL-13 and TGF-β

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo da Silva Antunes

2018-03-01

Full Text Available The cytokine TNFSF14 [homologous to Lymphotoxin, exhibits Inducible expression and competes with HSV Glycoprotein D for binding to HVEM, a receptor expressed on T lymphocytes (LIGHT] has been shown in mouse models to be important for development of lung tissue remodeling that is characteristic of asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, and systemic sclerosis (SSc. However, its cellular targets are not fully delineated. In the present report, we show that LTβR and HVEM, the receptors for LIGHT, are constitutively expressed in primary human lung fibroblasts (HLFs. We asked whether LIGHT could promote inflammatory and remodeling-relevant activity in HLFs and how this was similar to, or distinct from, IL-13 or TGF-β, two cytokines strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, IPF, and SSc. Accumulation of myofibroblasts expressing alpha smooth muscle actin is a feature of lung inflammatory diseases. LIGHT promoted cell cycle progression and proliferation of HLFs, but not alpha smooth muscle actin expression. In contrast, TGF-β upregulated alpha smooth muscle actin but did not drive their proliferation. LIGHT also increased the gene or protein expression of a number of proinflammatory mediators, including ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, IL-6 and GM-CSF, the chemokines CCL5 and 20, and CXCL5, 11, and 12, and lung remodeling-associated proteinases MMP-9 and ADAM8. These were dependent on LTβR but not HVEM. LIGHT displayed overlapping and synergistic activities with IL-13 for a number of the activities, but LIGHT additionally enhanced the gene expression of several molecules, including the innate cytokines IL-33 and TSLP, which were not upregulated by IL-13. Our results highlight the varied and pleiotropic effects of LIGHT in HLFs. LIGHT might then be a therapeutic target for modulation of inflammation and remodeling associated with asthma and other similar diseases of the lung that involve fibroblasts.

Doped Tl-1212 and Tl-1223 superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eder, M.H.

2001-09-01

This work describes the preparation and characterization of thallium-lead-strontium-barium-calcium-(uranium)-copperoxide (Tl-1212, Tl-1223) high-temperature superconductors. The precursors were prepared via nitrate method. After calcination the oxidic powders were mixed with stoichiometric amounts of an Tl 2 O 3 , PbO, Er 2 O 3 and Gd 2 O 3 by milling and afterwards uniaxial compressed. Sintering was carried out in silver foils. X-ray diffractometry and high-resolution microscopy in combination with scanning electron microscopy (including EDAX) were used to study the influence of varying thallium/lead-, strontium/barium-, calcium/rare earth element ratios and the effect of uranium on the phase composition and microstructure of bulk superconductors. Furthermore the influence of the composition on the electrical and magnetical properties was studied. On phase pure Tl-1212 and Tl-1223 superconductors NMR-measurements were done. Small amounts of gadolinium and erbium instead of calcium and excess-uranium have a positive impact on the electrical and magnetical properties of the Tl-1223 superconductors. Higher amounts of these doping elements favor the Tl-1212 phase. Tl-1212 superconductors with varying thallium/lead- strontium/barium- and calcium/gadolinium ratios were prepared phasepure in wide range of doping. Transition temperatures up to 96 K were achieved. It was shown that lead has an oxidation number of +4 and thallium of +3. (author)

TL Dating Technique Based on a Trap Model and its Application as a Geochronometer for Granitic Quartz

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Han, Y.; Li, H.; Tso, Y.W.

1999-01-01

A trap model is introduced to describe the behaviours of both thermally sensitive and radiation sensitive TL traps. The former are relatively shallow traps. The latter are deep traps, in which population increases with exposure to alpha dose. Thermal decay of both types of traps at ambient temperature is dependent on the trap lifetimes. A trap's population can be measured as TL sensitivity to a laboratory test dose. The trap model has been supported by observations of age dependent TL signals from granitic quartz samples with different crystallisation ages. The trap lifetimes are from 1.98 x 10 9 to 5.36 x 10 15 years estimated using the isothermal decay experiment with the assumption of first order kinetics. Dating techniques are proposed based on the trap model. For old granites (>400 Ma), ages can be obtained by measuring the total exposed alpha dose using the additive alpha dose method, whereas for young granites (<400 Ma), ages can also be obtained by interpolating the TL sensitivity to a curve of TL sensitivities for known ages. (author)

Preparation of 199Tl and its labelled compound

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Dehai; Guan Changtian; Kuang Anren

1991-10-01

Usually, 199 Ti is obtained by the nuclear reaction of 197 Au(α, 2n) 199 Tl. A gold target with 50±0.1 mm in diameter, 0.8 mm in thickness and 99.99% in purity was mounted in a cyclotron beam line. The target was bombarded by α particles with the energy of 25∼27 MeV and the beam current of 15∼20μA. The irradiated gold target was dissolved by aqua regia. Then the saturated aqueous solution of SO 2 was added. The 199 Tl(III)reduced to 199 Tl(I). The deposit of gold was removed. For separation of 199 Tl)I), about 5 mL of raw material solution obtained was transferred to 201 x 8 type anion exchange resin column which had been equilibrated with 4 mol/L HCl. The 199 Tl(I) and Au(III) were desorbed separately with the eluants (90% of aqueous diamide solution,, and 2 mol/L HCL∼5% thiourea) at the flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. After separation, the 10 mL concentrated nitric acid was added to the 199 Tl collected solution to destroy and remove the aqueous diamide solution, then 4 mol/L HCl was added and heated up to remove NO 3 - . The TlCl injection with pH = 5 was made up by using physiological saline. After filtering the 199 TlCl injection was sterilized at 137.3 kPa, 120 deg C about 30 min in an autoclave. The 199 TlCl injection was used in the animal pyrogen, a bacterial, safety, dispensation and myocardial imaging experiments. The good results have been obtained. Now it has undergone clinical experiments

Listeria arpJ gene modifies T helper type 2 subset differentiation.

Science.gov (United States)

Kanoh, Makoto; Maruyama, Saho; Shen, Hua; Matsumoto, Akira; Shinomiya, Hiroto; Przybilla, Karin; Gouin, Edith; Cossart, Pascale; Goebel, Werner; Asano, Yoshihiro

2015-07-15

Although the T-cell subset differentiation pathway has been characterized extensively from the view of host gene regulation, the effects of genes of the pathogen on T-cell subset differentiation during infection have yet to be elucidated. Especially, the bacterial genes that are responsible for this shift have not yet been determined. Utilizing a single-gene-mutation Listeria panel, we investigated genes involved in the host-pathogen interaction that are required for the initiation of T-cell subset differentiation in the early phase of pathogen infection. We demonstrate that the induction of T helper types 1 and 2 (Th1 and Th2) subsets are separate phenomena and are mediated by distinct Listeria genes. We identified several candidate Listeria genes that appear to be involved in the host-Listeria interaction. Among them, arpJ is the strongest candidate gene for inhibiting Th2 subset induction. Furthermore, the analysis utilizing arpJ-deficient Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) revealed that the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily (Tnfsf) 9-TNF receptor superfamily (Tnfrsf) 9 interaction inhibits the Th2 response during Lm infection. arpJ is the candidate gene for inhibiting Th2 T-cell subset induction. The arpJ gene product influences the expression of Tnfsf/Tnfrsf on antigen-presenting cells and inhibits the Th2 T-cell subset differentiation during Listeria infection. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Accidental and retrospective dosimetry using TL method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mesterházy, D.; Osvay, M.; Kovács, A.; Kelemen, A.

2012-01-01

Retrospective dosimetry is one of the most important tools of accidental dosimetry for dose estimation when dose measurement was not planned. In the affected area many objects can be applied as natural dosimeters. The paper discusses our recent investigations on various electronic components and common salt (NaCl) having useful thermoluminescence (TL) properties. Among materials investigated the electronic components of cell phones seem promising for retrospective dosimetry purposes, having high TL responses, proper glow curve peaks and the intensity of TL peaks vs. gamma dose received provided nearly linear response in the dose range of 10 mGy–1.5 Gy. - Highlights: ► Electronic components and common salt were investigated for accidental and retrospective dosimetry. ► SMD resistors seem promising for retrospective dosimetry purposes. ► Table salt can be used effectively for accidental dosimetry purposes, as well.

201Tl scintigraphy in the evaluation of palpable and nonpalpable breast lesions: correlation with mammography and ultrasonography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vural, G.; Atasever, T.; Oezdemir, A.; Oeznur, I.; Karabacak, N.I.; Goekcora, N.; Isik, S.; Uenlue, M.

1997-01-01

Tl-201 scintigraphy were performed in sixty-eight patients with 70 breast abnormalities (51 palpable, 19 nonpalpable) and compared with mammography and ultrasonography (US). Early (15 min) and late (3 h) images of the breasts were obtained following the injection of 111 MBq (3 mCi) of Tl-201. Visual and semiquantitative interpretation was performed. Final diagnosis confirmed 52 malignant breast lesions and 18 benign conditions. Tl-201 visualized 47 of 52 (90%) overall malignant lesions. Thirty-eight of 40 (95%) palpable and 9 of 12 (75%) nonpalpable breast cancers were detected by Tl-201 scintigraphy. The smallest mass lesion detected by Tl-201 measured 1.5x1.0 cm. Eleven breast lesions were interpreted as indeterminate by mammography and/or sonography. Tl-201 scintigraphy excluded malignancy in 7 of 8 (88%) patients with benign breast lesions interpreted as indeterminate. Five of the 18 (28%) benign breast lesions showed Tl-201 uptake. None of the fibroadenoma and fibrocystic changes accumulated Tl-201. Tl-201 scintigraphy, mammography and ultrasonography showed 90%, 92%, 85% overall sensitivity and 72%, 56%, 61% overall specificity respectively. Twenty-one of the 28 (75%) axillary nodal metastatic sites were also detected by Tl-201. In malignant and benign lesions, early and late lesion/contralateral normal side (L/N) ratios were 1.58±0.38 (mean±SD) and 1.48±0.32 (p>0.05), 1.87±0.65 and 1.34±0.20 (p 0.05). (orig./MG) [de

Converting Hg-1212 to Tl-2212 via Tl-Hg cation exchange in combination with Tl cation intercalation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao Hua; Wu, Judy Z

2007-01-01

In a cation exchange process developed recently for epitaxy of HgBa 2 CaCu 2 O 6 (Hg-1212) thin films, TlBa 2 CaCu 2 O 7 (Tl-1212) or Tl 2 Ba 2 CaCu 2 O 9 (Tl-2212) precursor films were employed as the precursor matrices and Hg-1212 was obtained by replacing Tl cations on the precursor lattice with Hg cations. The reversibility of the cation exchange dictates directly the underlying mechanism. Following our recent success in demonstrating a complete reversibility within '1212' structure, we show the conversion from Hg-1212 to Tl-2212 can be achieved via two steps: conversion from Hg-1212 to Tl-1212 followed by Tl intercalation to form double Tl-O plans in each unit cell. The demonstrated reversibility of the cation exchange process has confirmed the process is a thermal perturbation of weakly bonded cations on the lattice and the direction of the process is determined by the population ratio between the replacing cations and that to be replaced

Preparation of 199Tl using the electroplating gold targets on the internal target installation of cyclotron

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Dehai; Xie Degao; Chao Yangshu; Liao Fuquan; Zhang Youfa; Wang Zefu

1992-01-01

The separative conditions of 199 Tl from Cu, Au and Ga by reaction 197 Au(α, 2n) 199 Tl on the internal target installation of cyclotron is studied. The α-particle energy is selected in the range of 24-15 MeV. The cumulative current intensities of such α-particle beams bombarding the gold target at 150-200 μA are 1200 μA · h and 1500 μA · h respectively. The radiochemical separation of 199 Tl is carried out with isopropyl ether extraction and anions exchange from the irradiated gold targets. The radioactivities of 199 Tl and 200 Tl are 2.3 x 10 5 Bq and 7.1 x 10 2 Bq, and 200 Tl makes up 0.29% of the total radioactivity. The impurity elements contained 1 ml of 199 TlCl injection solution are Au 199 TlCl has been used in clinical experiments in vivo and relatively good results have been obtained

Tl Cuprate Superconductors Studied by XPS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vasquez, R. P. [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 (United States); Siegal, M. P. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1421 (United States); Overmyer, D. L. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1421 (United States); Ren, Z. F. [Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000 (United States); Lao, J. Y. [Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000 (United States); Wang, J. H. [Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000 (United States)

1999-07-01

XPS measurements on epitaxial thin films of the Tl cuprate superconductors Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8, Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10, and Tl0.78Bi0.22Ba0.4Sr1.6Ca2Cu3O9-{delta} are presented. These data, together with previous measurements in this lab on Tl2Ba2CuO6-{delta} and TlBa2CaCu2O7-{delta}, comprise a comprehensive data set for comparison of Tl cuprates in which the number of Tl-O and Cu-O layers, and hence the chemical and electronic properties, vary. (c) 2000 American Vacuum Society.

Tl Cuprate Superconductors Studied by XPS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vasquez, R. P.; Siegal, M. P.; Overmyer, D. L.; Ren, Z. F.; Lao, J. Y.; Wang, J. H.

1999-01-01

XPS measurements on epitaxial thin films of the Tl cuprate superconductors Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8, Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10, and Tl0.78Bi0.22Ba0.4Sr1.6Ca2Cu3O9-δ are presented. These data, together with previous measurements in this lab on Tl2Ba2CuO6-δ and TlBa2CaCu2O7-δ, comprise a comprehensive data set for comparison of Tl cuprates in which the number of Tl-O and Cu-O layers, and hence the chemical and electronic properties, vary. (c) 2000 American Vacuum Society

{sup 201}Tl scintigraphy in the evaluation of palpable and nonpalpable breast lesions: correlation with mammography and ultrasonography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vural, G.; Atasever, T.; Oezdemir, A.; Oeznur, I.; Karabacak, N.I.; Goekcora, N.; Isik, S. [Gazi Univ., Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara (Turkey)]|[Gazi Univ., Dept. of Radiology, Ankara (Turkey); Uenlue, M. [Gazi Univ., Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara (Turkey)

1997-12-01

Tl-201 scintigraphy were performed in sixty-eight patients with 70 breast abnormalities (51 palpable, 19 nonpalpable) and compared with mammography and ultrasonography (US). Early (15 min) and late (3 h) images of the breasts were obtained following the injection of 111 MBq (3 mCi) of Tl-201. Visual and semiquantitative interpretation was performed. Final diagnosis confirmed 52 malignant breast lesions and 18 benign conditions. Tl-201 visualized 47 of 52 (90%) overall malignant lesions. Thirty-eight of 40 (95%) palpable and 9 of 12 (75%) nonpalpable breast cancers were detected by Tl-201 scintigraphy. The smallest mass lesion detected by Tl-201 measured 1.5x1.0 cm. Eleven breast lesions were interpreted as indeterminate by mammography and/or sonography. Tl-201 scintigraphy excluded malignancy in 7 of 8 (88%) patients with benign breast lesions interpreted as indeterminate. Five of the 18 (28%) benign breast lesions showed Tl-201 uptake. None of the fibroadenoma and fibrocystic changes accumulated Tl-201. Tl-201 scintigraphy, mammography and ultrasonography showed 90%, 92%, 85% overall sensitivity and 72%, 56%, 61% overall specificity respectively. Twenty-one of the 28 (75%) axillary nodal metastatic sites were also detected by Tl-201. In malignant and benign lesions, early and late lesion/contralateral normal side (L/N) ratios were 1.58{+-}0.38 (mean{+-}SD) and 1.48{+-}0.32 (p>0.05), 1.87{+-}0.65 and 1.34{+-}0.20 (p<0.5) respectively. The mean early and late L/N ratios of malignant and benign groups did not show statistical difference (p>0.05). (orig./MG) [Deutsch] 68 Patientinnen mit insgesamt 70 Laesionen (davon 51 palpable Tumoren) wurden untersucht: 15 Min. und 3 Std. nach Injektion von 111 MBq (3 mCi) {sup 201}Tl-Cl wurden planare Aufnahmen von ventral, lateral und schraeg-lateral durchgefuehrt. Die Auswertung erfolgte sowohl visuel-qualitativ als auch semiquantitativ. Von 52 Karzinomen wurden durch die {sup 201}Tl-Szintigraphie 47 (90%) richtig erkannt

Effects of fasting and refeeding on gene expression of slc15a1a, a gene encoding an oligopeptide transporter (PepT1), in the intestine of Mozambique tilapia.

Science.gov (United States)

Orozco, Zenith Gaye A; Soma, Satoshi; Kaneko, Toyoji; Watanabe, Soichi

2017-01-01

The tissue distribution of slc15a1a, a gene that encodes an oligopeptide transporter, PepT1, and its response to fasting and refeeding were investigated in the intestinal epithelium of Mozambique tilapia for a better understanding of its role on nutrient absorption. The slc15a1a was predominantly expressed in the absorptive epithelia of the anterior part of the intestine, suggesting that digested oligopeptides are primarily absorbed in the anterior intestine. The response of slc15a1a to fasting was evaluated at 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14days after the last feeding. Fasting revealed a biphasic effect, where short-term fasting significantly upregulated slc15a1a expression and long-term fasting resulted in downregulation. The expression level continued to decrease and fell below the pre-fasted level from day 4 to 14. Proximal (the hepatic loop, HL) and distal parts (the proximal major coil, PMC) of the anterior intestine showed different magnitudes of responses to fasting; slc15a1a expression in the PMC showed greater upregulation and downregulation than that in the HL. Refeeding significantly stimulated slc15a1a expression at day 3, although the expression did not exceed the pre-fasted level. Observed responses of slc15a1a to fasting and refeeding suggest that the expression level of this gene can serve as a sensitive indicator of the changes that may occur in altering nutritional conditions. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of PepT1 in nutrition and of the complex mechanisms underlying the absorption of oligopeptides and amino acids in the intestine, and may lead to development of possible means to manipulate the absorption processes for the improvement of growth and other metabolic and physiological conditions in fish. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Effects of smoking on myocardial injury in patients with conservatively treated acute myocardial infarction. A study with resting {sup 123}I-15-iodophenyl 3-methyl pentadecanoic acid/{sup 201}Tl myocardial single photon emission computed tomography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamagishi, Hiroyuki; Akioka, Kaname; Shirai, Naoya; Yoshiyama, Minoru; Teragaki, Masakazu; Takeuchi, Kazuhide; Yoshikawa, Junichi; Ochi, Hironobu [Osaka City Univ. (Japan). Graduate School of Medicine

2001-09-01

Many reports have demonstrated that smokers who have suffered an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have a better prognosis than nonsmokers. The present study investigated the effects of current smoking on myocardial injury with resting {sup 123}I-15-iodophenyl 3-methyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP)/{sup 201}Tl myocardial single photon emission computed tomography in 103 patients with conservatively treated AMI. The left ventricular myocardium was divided into 9 segments and BMIPP and {sup 201}Tl defects were scored using a 5-point grading system (0=normal and 4=no uptake). The sum of the defect scores was defined as the total defect score. There was no significant difference in either the baseline severity of the coronary artery discase or the total defect scores for BMIPP and {sup 201}Tl between the current smoker and nonsmoker groups. The difference between the total defect scores for BMIPP and {sup 201}Tl tended to be larger in the current smoker group than in the nonsmoker group (2.0{+-}1.9 vs 1.3{+-}1.6, p=0.056). Forty-one (53%) of 77 patients in the current smoker group exhibited a BMIPP/{sup 201}Tl mismatch, whereas only 8 (31%) of 26 patients in the nonsmoker group did (p=0.047). In conclusion, current smokers had more likelihood of salvageable myocardium in areas at risk, as demonstrated by BMIPP/{sup 201}Tl mismatch, in AMI than nonsmokers. (author)

NF-kappa B genes have a major role in Inflammatory Breast Cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lerebours, Florence; Vacher, Sophie; Andrieu, Catherine; Espie, Marc; Marty, Michel; Lidereau, Rosette; Bieche, Ivan

2008-01-01

IBC (Inflammatory Breast cancer) is a rare form of breast cancer with a particular phenotype. New molecular targets are needed to improve the treatment of this rapidly fatal disease. Given the role of NF-κB-related genes in cell proliferation, invasiveness, angiogenesis and inflammation, we postulated that they might be deregulated in IBC. We measured the mRNA expression levels of 60 NF-κB-related genes by using real-time quantitative RT-PCR in a well-defined series of 35 IBCs, by comparison with 22 stage IIB and III non inflammatory breast cancers. Twenty-four distant metastases of breast cancer served as 'poor prognosis' breast tumor controls. Thirty-five (58%) of the 60 NF-κB-related genes were significantly upregulated in IBC compared with non IBC. The upregulated genes were NF-κB genes (NFKB1, RELA, IKBKG, NFKBIB, NFKB2, REL, CHUK), apoptosis genes (MCL1L, TNFAIP3/A20, GADD45B, FASLG, MCL1S, IER3L, TNFRSF10B/TRAILR2), immune response genes (CD40, CD48, TNFSF11/RANKL, TNFRSF11A/RANK, CCL2/MCP-1, CD40LG, IL15, GBP1), proliferation genes (CCND2, CCND3, CSF1R, CSF1, SOD2), tumor-promoting genes (CXCL12, SELE, TNC, VCAM1, ICAM1, PLAU/UPA) or angiogenesis genes (PTGS2/COX2, CXCL1/GRO1). Only two of these 35 genes (PTGS2/COX2 and CXCL1/GRO1)were also upregulated in breast cancer metastases. We identified a five-gene molecular signature that matched patient outcomes, consisting of IL8 and VEGF plus three NF-κB-unrelated genes that we had previously identified as prognostic markers in the same series of IBC. The NF-κB pathway appears to play a major role in IBC, possibly contributing to the unusual phenotype and aggressiveness of this form of breast cancer. Some upregulated NF-κB-related genes might serve as novel therapeutic targets in IBC

Regulation, overexpression, and target gene identification of Potato Homeobox 15 (POTH15) – a class-I KNOX gene in potato

Science.gov (United States)

Mahajan, Ameya S.; Kondhare, Kirtikumar R.; Rajabhoj, Mohit P.; Kumar, Amit; Ghate, Tejashree; Ravindran, Nevedha; Habib, Farhat; Siddappa, Sundaresha; Banerjee, Anjan K.

2016-01-01

Potato Homeobox 15 (POTH15) is a KNOX-I (Knotted1-like homeobox) family gene in potato that is orthologous to Shoot Meristemless (STM) in Arabidopsis. Despite numerous reports on KNOX genes from different species, studies in potato are limited. Here, we describe photoperiodic regulation of POTH15, its overexpression phenotype, and identification of its potential targets in potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena). qRT-PCR analysis showed a higher abundance of POTH15 mRNA in shoot tips and stolons under tuber-inducing short-day conditions. POTH15 promoter activity was detected in apical and axillary meristems, stolon tips, tuber eyes, and meristems of tuber sprouts, indicating its role in meristem maintenance and leaf development. POTH15 overexpression altered multiple morphological traits including leaf and stem development, leaflet number, and number of nodes and branches. In particular, the rachis of the leaf was completely reduced and leaves appeared as a bouquet of leaflets. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of 35S::GUS and two POTH15 overexpression lines identified more than 6000 differentially expressed genes, including 2014 common genes between the two overexpression lines. Functional analysis of these genes revealed their involvement in responses to hormones, biotic/abiotic stresses, transcription regulation, and signal transduction. qRT-PCR of selected candidate target genes validated their differential expression in both overexpression lines. Out of 200 randomly chosen POTH15 targets, 173 were found to have at least one tandem TGAC core motif, characteristic of KNOX interaction, within 3.0kb in the upstream sequence of the transcription start site. Overall, this study provides insights to the role of POTH15 in controlling diverse developmental processes in potato. PMID:27217546

Study of sup 1 sup 9 sup 4 Tl sup g decay

CERN Document Server

Sudarshan, K; Tripathi, R; Goswami, A; Tomar, B S; Reddy, A V R

2003-01-01

Absolute gamma ray intensities in the decay of sup 1 sup 9 sup 4 Tl sup g have been measured following the radiochemical separation of sup 1 sup 9 sup 4 Pb produced in the reaction of sup 1 sup 9 F + sup 1 sup 8 sup 1 Ta. The (EC+beta sup +) branching ratios in the decay of sup 1 sup 9 sup 4 Tl sup g to various levels of sup 1 sup 9 sup 4 Hg were deduced. Three new levels are introduced in the decay scheme. A precise value of half life of sup 1 sup 9 sup 4 Pb (10.0+-0.4 min) is reported.

Superconducting transition in TlBiTe/sub 2/ and TlTe compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kantser, V G; Popovich, N S; Sidorenko, A S

1985-10-01

On the basis of zone structure calculation for TlBiTe/sub 2/ and TlTe it is found that TlBiTe/sub 2/ is a narrow-gap semiconductor and TlTe is a p-metal. At Tsub(c)=0.19 K TlTe is found to experience the superconducting transition. In TlBiTe/sub 2/ superconductivity is not observed to occur up to 0.05 K, since there is a possibility of occupying the high density of states zones because they are remote from actual ones. The earlier discovered superconducting transition in TlBiTe/sub 2/ is inherent in the alien phase of TlTe.

Effects of ischemic-like insult on myocardial 201Tl accumulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goldhaber, S.Z.; Newell, J.B.; Alpert, N.M.; Andrews, E.; Pohost, G.M.; Ingwall, J.S.

1983-01-01

Despite extensive clinical use of thallium-201 ( 201 Tl) for myocardial imaging, the effect of ischemia on myocardial accumulation and release of 201 Tl independent of flow has not been fully defined. Therefore, myocardial accumulation of 201 Tl in response to ischemic-like myocardial injury was assessed in vitro using the cultured fetal mouse heart preparation. Cultured fetal mouse hearts (n . 311) were subjected to injury simulating ischemia by deprivation of oxygen and oxidizable substrates for periods ranging from 15 minutes to 10 hours. The extent of irreversible injury was determined by the percentage of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) lost from the hearts to the culture medium during recovery from injury. Injury was essentially reversible at 1 hour of insult. The fraction of 201 Tl content in injured compared with control hearts was not significantly lower after 1 hour of insult. By 3 hours of insult, irreversible injury as assessed by loss of LDH was detectable and the extent of injury increased progressively through 10 hours. During the 3-10-hour period of irreversible injury, 201 Tl accumulation within injured hearts compared with controls was related in a monotonically decreasing fashion to the loss of LDH as described by a mathematical kinetic model that fit the observations closely (R2 greater than 0.99). These results indicate that in this organ culture preparation, in which there is effectively an unlimited reservoir of 201 Tl and no confounding effects of perfusion, the time-dependent 201 Tl accumulation is determined by the extent of irreversible injury

The Mediator Complex MED15 Subunit Mediates Activation of Downstream Lipid-Related Genes by the WRINKLED1 Transcription Factor.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Mi Jung; Jang, In-Cheol; Chua, Nam-Hai

2016-07-01

The Mediator complex is known to be a master coordinator of transcription by RNA polymerase II, and this complex is recruited by transcription factors (TFs) to target promoters for gene activation or repression. The plant-specific TF WRINKLED1 (WRI1) activates glycolysis-related and fatty acid biosynthetic genes during embryogenesis. However, no Mediator subunit has yet been identified that mediates WRI1 transcriptional activity. Promoter-β-glucuronidase fusion experiments showed that MEDIATOR15 (MED15) is expressed in the same cells in the embryo as WRI1. We found that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) MED15 subunit of the Mediator complex interacts directly with WRI1 in the nucleus. Overexpression of MED15 or WRI1 increased transcript levels of WRI1 target genes involved in glycolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis; these genes were down-regulated in wild-type or WRI1-overexpressing plants by silencing of MED15 However, overexpression of MED15 in the wri1 mutant also increased transcript levels of WRI1 target genes, suggesting that MED15 also may act with other TFs to activate downstream lipid-related genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the association of MED15 with six WRI1 target gene promoters. Additionally, silencing of MED15 resulted in reduced fatty acid content in seedlings and mature seeds, whereas MED15 overexpression increased fatty acid content in both developmental stages. Similar results were found in wri1 mutant and WRI1 overexpression lines. Together, our results indicate that the WRI1/MED15 complex transcriptionally regulates glycolysis-related and fatty acid biosynthetic genes during embryogenesis. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved.

Streptomyces venezuelae TX-TL - a next generation cell-free synthetic biology tool.

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, Simon J; Lai, Hung-En; Needham, Hannah; Polizzi, Karen M; Freemont, Paul S

2017-04-01

Streptomyces venezuelae is a promising chassis in synthetic biology for fine chemical and secondary metabolite pathway engineering. The potential of S. venezuelae could be further realized by expanding its capability with the introduction of its own in vitro transcription-translation (TX-TL) system. TX-TL is a fast and expanding technology for bottom-up design of complex gene expression tools, biosensors and protein manufacturing. Herein, we introduce a S. venezuelae TX-TL platform by reporting a streamlined protocol for cell-extract preparation, demonstrating high-yield synthesis of a codon-optimized sfGFP reporter and the prototyping of a synthetic tetracycline-inducible promoter in S. venezuelae TX-TL based on the tetO-TetR repressor system. The aim of this system is to provide a host for the homologous production of exotic enzymes from Actinobacteria secondary metabolism in vitro. As an example, the authors demonstrate the soluble synthesis of a selection of enzymes (12-70 kDa) from the Streptomyces rimosus oxytetracycline pathway. © 2017 The Authors. Biotechnology Journal published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Phytotoxicity of thallium (Tl) in culture solution. Pt. 1. Effects of Tl(I) on the growth and heavy metal contents of pea and field bean plants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poetsch, U; Austenfeld, F A

1985-01-01

The effects of TlNO/sub 3/ and Tl(I)EDTA on growth and heavy metal contents of pea plants and field bean plants were compared in hydroponic culture experiments. In the presence of TlNO/sub 3/, the essential heavy metals were available to the plants in their ionic forms. When Tl(I)EDTA was present the essential heavy metals were available as chelated complexes. With increasing concentration of TlNO/sub 3/ dry matter production of pea plants was lowered and the Tl content of each organ was increased. The highest Tl content was found within the stems. The increased Tl contents were accompanied by depressed Mn, Zn, and Cu contents of the roots and depressed Mn contents of the stems, but increased Fe contents of the stems. Substitution of TlNO/sub 3/ by Tl(I)EDTA resulted in a stronger growth inhibition of the pea plants, and higher Tl contents of each organ. The highest Tl content was found within the stems. Tl(I)EDTA depressed Mn in the roots, but increased Fe and Mn in the stems, and Fe, Zn and Cu in the leaves. The increases may due to concentration by growth inhibition. The growth of the field bean was not effected by TlNO/sub 3/ nor by Tl(I)EDTA. The field bean contained most of the Tl within the roots and translocated only relatively small amounts to the shoots. This pattern was independent of the Tl compound. Increasing concentrations of TlNO/sub 3/ resulted in depressed Mn and Zn contents of the roots, and Mn contents of the stems. Chelation of Tl(I) resulted in a decrease of the Tl content of each organ. Tl(I)EDTA depressed only the Mn content of the roots.

A role for HVEM, but not lymphotoxin-beta receptor, in LIGHT-induced tumor cell death and chemokine production

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pasero, Christine; Barbarat, Bernadette; Just-Landi, Sylvaine; Bernard, Alain; Aurran-Schleinitz, Thérèse; Rey, Jérome; Eldering, Eric; Truneh, Alemsedeg; Costello, Régis T.; Olive, Daniel

2009-01-01

The TNF member LIGHT also known as TL4 or TNFSF14) can play a major role in cancer control via its two receptors; it induces tumor cell death through lymphotoxin-P receptor (LT-beta R) and ligation to the herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) amplifies the immune response. By studying the effect of

Isolation and expression pattern of COR15b and KIN1 genes in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

sequences of COR15b and KIN1 genes were firstly isolated from leaves of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). Sequencing results indicated that the open reading fragments (ORF) of COR15b in watermelon (ClCOR15b) and COR15b in pumpkin (CmCOR15b) were 348 and 426 bp, which ...

Standardization of 201Tl and 55Fe radionuclides in a 4 (PC)-NaI(Tl) coincidence system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pires, Carlos Augusto

2008-01-01

In the present work the procedure for the standardization of radionuclides using the 4π(PC)-NaI(Tl) coincidence system was developed. The radionuclides selected were 201 Tl, used in nuclear medicine, and 55 Fe primary standard source, used for x-ray spectrometers calibration. The 4π(PC)-NaI(Tl) is composed of a 4 proportional counter operated at 0.1MPa coupled to two NaI(Tl) crystals. The 201 Tl decays by electron capture process followed by a prompt gamma-ray. The disintegration rate was determined by extrapolation technique using two methods: electronic discrimination and external absorbers. The radioactive sources were prepared in a 20 μg cm -2 thick Collodion film. The conventional electronic system was used. The observed events were registered by the TAC method. The 55 Fe decays by electron capture process to the ground state of 55 Mn, emitting x rays with around 6 keV. The standardization was obtained by the tracing method. This technique was applied using two radionuclides, which decay by electron capture process followed by a prompt gamma-ray, namely 51 Cr and 54 Mn, as tracers. Measurements with 1 and 2 aluminum foils, each 150 g cm-2 thick were carried out. The activity was obtained by extrapolation for zero thickness Al foil. The uncertainties were treated by means of matrix covariance methodology and takes into account all correlations involved. (author)

Radiation exposure around patients after 201Tl-myocardial scintigraphy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kurtaran, A.; Preitfellner, J.; Kohoutek, D.; Tousek, A.; Virgolini, I.; Havlik, E.

1997-01-01

Aim: It was the aim of the study to assess the additional radiation exposure to patients, attendents and nurses by patients who are undergoing nuclear medicine investigations (myocardial scintigraphy) with 201 Tl-chloride ( 201 Tl-Cl). Methode: In 16 cases the dose rates at 0.5, 1 and 2 m distance from patients were measured at 0.5, 1.5, 3-4 and 24, in some cases until 370 h after administration of 100±10 MBq 201 Tl-Cl. From the time courses of the dose rates around the patients the possible radiation exposure of other persons were estimated. Results: The initial values of the dose rate were 3.82 μSv/h at 0.5 m, 1.18 μSv/h at 1 m and 0.30 μSv/h at 2 m distance from the patients respectively. The dose rates were decreasing following a monoexponential course with an effective half-life of 60 h. The maximum doses to other persons at 1 m distance from the patients were determined by considering three scenarios. The values were 13 μSv in the waiting room, 26 μSv for nurses working in the ward and 105 μSv for persons living in the same household. Conclusion: Even at very restrictive assumptions the doses were far below the maximum permissible dose to non-radiation workers set by radiation protection regulations (1.5 mSv per year). (orig.) [de

Chromosome 15 structural abnormalities: effect on IGF1R gene expression and function

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rossella Cannarella

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R, mapping on the 15q26.3 chromosome, is required for normal embryonic and postnatal growth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the IGF1R gene expression and function in three unrelated patients with chromosome 15 structural abnormalities. We report two male patients with the smallest 15q26.3 chromosome duplication described so far, and a female patient with ring chromosome 15 syndrome. Patient one, with a 568 kb pure duplication, had overgrowth, developmental delay, mental and psychomotor retardation, obesity, cryptorchidism, borderline low testis volume, severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and gynecomastia. We found a 1.8-fold increase in the IGF1R mRNA and a 1.3-fold increase in the IGF1R protein expression (P < 0.05. Patient two, with a 650 kb impure duplication, showed overgrowth, developmental delay, mild mental retardation, precocious puberty, low testicular volume and severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. The IGF1R mRNA and protein expression was similar to that of the control. Patient three, with a 46,XX r(15 (p10q26.2 karyotype, displayed intrauterine growth retardation, developmental delay, mental and psychomotor retardation. We found a <0.5-fold decrease in the IGF1R mRNA expression and an undetectable IGF1R activity. After reviewing the previously 96 published cases of chromosome 15q duplication, we found that neurological disorders, congenital cardiac defects, typical facial traits and gonadal abnormalities are the prominent features in patients with chromosome 15q duplication. Interestingly, patients with 15q deletion syndrome display similar features. We speculate that both the increased and decreased IGF1R gene expression may play a role in the etiology of neurological and gonadal disorders.

The use of thallium diethyldithiocarbamate for mapping CNS potassium metabolism and neuronal activity: Tl+ -redistribution, Tl+ -kinetics and Tl+ -equilibrium distribution.

Science.gov (United States)

Wanger, Tim; Scheich, Henning; Ohl, Frank W; Goldschmidt, Jürgen

2012-07-01

The potassium (K(+)) analogue thallium (Tl(+)) can be used as a tracer for mapping neuronal activity. However, because of the poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) K(+) -permeability, only minute amounts of Tl(+) enter the brain after systemic injection of Tl(+) -salts like thallium acetate (TlAc). We have recently shown that it is possible to overcome this limitation by injecting animals with the lipophilic chelate complex thallium diethyldithiocarbamate (TlDDC), that crosses the BBB and releases Tl(+) prior to neuronal or glial uptake. TlDDC can thus be used for mapping CNS K(+) metabolism and neuronal activity. Here, we analyze Tl(+) -kinetics in the rodent brain both experimentally and using simple mathematical models. We systemically injected animals either with TlAc or with TlDDC. Using an autometallographic method we mapped the brain Tl(+) -distribution at various time points after injection. We show that the patterns and kinetics of Tl(+) -redistribution in the brain are essentially the same irrespective of whether animals have been injected with TlAc or TlDDC. Data from modeling and experiments indicate that transmembrane Tl(+) -fluxes in cells within the CNS in vivo equilibrate at similar rates as K(+) -fluxes in vitro. This equilibration is much faster than and largely independent of the equilibration of Tl(+) -fluxes across the BBB. The study provides further proof-of-concept for the use of TlDDC for mapping neuronal activity and CNS K(+) -metabolism. A theoretical guideline is given for the use of K(+) -analogues for imaging neuronal activity with general implications for the use of metal ions in neuroimaging. © 2012 The Authors. Journal of Neurochemistry © 2012 International Society for Neurochemistry.

Correction of the consequences of mitochondrial 3243A>G mutation in the MT-TL1 gene causing the MELAS syndrome by tRNA import into mitochondria.

Science.gov (United States)

Karicheva, Olga Z; Kolesnikova, Olga A; Schirtz, Tom; Vysokikh, Mikhail Y; Mager-Heckel, Anne-Marie; Lombès, Anne; Boucheham, Abdeldjalil; Krasheninnikov, Igor A; Martin, Robert P; Entelis, Nina; Tarassov, Ivan

2011-10-01

Mutations in human mitochondrial DNA are often associated with incurable human neuromuscular diseases. Among these mutations, an important number have been identified in tRNA genes, including 29 in the gene MT-TL1 coding for the tRNA(Leu(UUR)). The m.3243A>G mutation was described as the major cause of the MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes). This mutation was reported to reduce tRNA(Leu(UUR)) aminoacylation and modification of its anti-codon wobble position, which results in a defective mitochondrial protein synthesis and reduced activities of respiratory chain complexes. In the present study, we have tested whether the mitochondrial targeting of recombinant tRNAs bearing the identity elements for human mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA synthetase can rescue the phenotype caused by MELAS mutation in human transmitochondrial cybrid cells. We demonstrate that nuclear expression and mitochondrial targeting of specifically designed transgenic tRNAs results in an improvement of mitochondrial translation, increased levels of mitochondrial DNA-encoded respiratory complexes subunits, and significant rescue of respiration. These findings prove the possibility to direct tRNAs with changed aminoacylation specificities into mitochondria, thus extending the potential therapeutic strategy of allotopic expression to address mitochondrial disorders.

Alterations in TNF- and IL-related gene expression in space-flown WI38 human fibroblasts

Science.gov (United States)

Semov, Alexandre; Semova, Nathalia; Lacelle, Chantale; Marcotte, Richard; Petroulakis, Emmanuel; Proestou, Gregory; Wang, Eugenia

2002-01-01

Spaceflight, just like aging, causes profound changes in musculoskeletal parameters, which result in decreased bone density and muscular weakness. As these conditions decrease our ability to conduct long-term manned space missions, and increase bone frailty in the elderly, the identification of genes responsible for the apparition of these physiological changes will be of great benefit. Thus, we developed and implemented a new microarray approach to investigate the changes in normal WI38 human fibroblast gene expression that arise as a consequence of space flight. Using our microarray, we identified changes in the level of expression of 10 genes, belonging to either the tumor necrosis factor- (TNF) or interleukin- (IL) related gene families in fibroblasts when WI38 cells exposed to microgravity during the STS-93 Space Shuttle mission were compared with ground controls. The genes included two ligands from the TNF superfamily, TWEAK and TNFSF15; two TNF receptor-associated proteins, NSMAF and PTPN13; three TNF-inducible genes, ABC50, PTX3, and SCYA13; TNF-alpha converting enzyme, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and IL-15 receptor alpha chain. Most of these are involved in either the regulation of bone density, and as such the development of spaceflight osteopenia, or in the development of proinflammatory status.

Thallium (Tl) sorption onto illite and smectite: Implications for Tl mobility in the environment

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, Loïc A.; Wissocq, Aubéry; Benedetti, M. F.; Latrille, Christelle

2018-06-01

Clay minerals play a relevant role in the transport and fate of trace elements in the environment. Though illite has been referred as an important Thallium (Tl) bearing phase in soils, mechanisms and affinity of thallium for clay minerals remain poorly known. This study investigated the sorption behavior of thallium as Tl(I) onto illite and smectite, two clay minerals occurring mainly in soils and sediments. Different sorption experiments were carried out under various pH conditions and Tl concentrations, in competition with sodium and calcium at a constant ionic strength of 0.01 mol L-1. Our results showed that illite displayed more affinity than smectite for thallium. With illite, the distribution coefficients (Kd in L kg-1) varied between 102.75 ± 0.17 and 104.0 ± 0.17 in Na solutions versus between 102.25 ± 0.17 and 103.0 ± 0.17 in Ca solutions, depending on pH. With smectite, Kd (in L kg-1) ranged between 102.50 ± 0.16 and 103.20 ± 0.16 and between 101.25 ± 0.16 and 101.95 ± 0.16 in Na and Ca solutions, respectively. Sorption behavior was described with the Multi-Site Ion Exchanger model and selectivity coefficients with respect to protons were calculated for the first time. In all cases, independently of clay mineral and background electrolyte, low capacity but highly reactive sites were dominant in thallium uptake, highlighting Tl affinity for those sites. Moreover, the exchangeable and reversible interactions between Tl+ and clays reactive sites suggested that in changing conditions, thallium could be released in solution. The role of clay minerals in thallium environmental cycle is evident and confirmed illite to be a dominant Tl bearing phase, in some environment competing with manganese oxides. Compared to others Tl bearing mineral phases, clays are ranked as follows: MnO2 > illite > smectite ∼ ferrihydrite ≥ Al2O3 ∼ goethite > SiO2. Finally, over the three monovalent cations (Tl, Rb, Cs) Tl is the one less sorbed on illite independently of

Quality control 201TlCl solution obtained at IPEN-CNEN/SP through the direct method of 201Tl preparation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fernandes, L.; Silva, C.P.G. da.

1991-09-01

The radiopharmaceutical 201 TlCl is used in Nuclear medicine for myocardial visualization. The solution of 201 TlCl was prepared using 201 Tl obtained by irradiating a natural mercury target with protons. This radionuclide was subjected to different quality control processes to verify the purity required for its use in Medicine. Some of these controls concerned the determination of 200 Tl, 201 Tl and 202 Tl; the chemical identification of 201 Tl +1 ; the hydrazine concentration, mercury contamination and the presence of phosphate. Furthermore, the biologic distribution in Wistar rats and tests for sterility, pyrogens and for toxicity were carried out. It was verified that the solution obtained was in the form of thallous chloride. This radiopharmaceutical can give a good heart image in animals but due to the contamination of 201 Tl with 200 Tl and 202 Tl its use in human beings is not possible unless enriched 202 Hg is used as target of irradiation. (author)

Applicability of a portable CdTe and NaI (Tl) spectrometer for activity measure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fernandes, Jaquiel Salvi

2005-02-01

In this work it was studied the application of an in situ gamma spectrometer (ROVER) of Amptek Inc., composed by a Cadmium Telluride detector (CdTe) of 3 mm x 3 mm x 1 mm and a 30 mm x 30 mm Sodium Iodide detector doped with Thallium [NaI (Tl)). The radioactive sources used were type pastille, sealed in aluminum and polyethylene, of 241 Am, 133 Ba, 152 Eu, 3 sources of 137 Cs and soil samples contaminated with 137 Cs. It was performed a factorial planning 2 3 to optimize the in situ spectrometry system. This way it was determined that the best temperature for CdTe crystal operation is -22, deg C, with Shaping Time of 3 μS and Rise Time Discrimination (RTD) with value 3. With the help of the certified radioactive sources, we determined the efficiency curve of the two detectors. The CdTe detector was positioned at the standard distance of 1 meter of the sources and also at 4.15 cm. The NaI (Tl) detector was also positioned at the standard distance of 1 meter of the sources and at 2.8 cm. Measures were performed to determine the Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA) for both detectors. For the pastille type sources, the 137 Cs MDA for the CdTe detector at 4.15 cm, analyzing the energy line of 32 keV, was 6 kBq and at 1 meter of the 137 Cs source, analyzing the line of 661.65 keV, the MDA was 67 kBq. For soil samples, CdTe detector at 4.15 cm presented a MDA of 693 kBq.kg-l for the line of 32 keV, and for the soil sample 7 Be content the MDA found was 2867 Bq.kg -1 at 4.15 cm. For the NaI (Tl) detector, analyzing the line of 661.65 keV, the 137 Cs MDA for pastille type source at 1 meter of distance was 7 kBq, and for soil sample at 2.8 cm the measured 137 Cs MDA was 71 Bq.kg -1 . For the soil sample 7 Be content, at 2.8 cm of the Nal (Tl) detector, the obtained MDA was 91 Bq.kg -1 . Due to the minimum detectable activities found for the two detectors, we concluded that the employed in situ gamma ray spectrometer system allows the quantification of 137 Cs and 7 Be

Structure of the human gene encoding the associated microfibrillar protein (MFAP1) and localization to chromosome 15q15-q21

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yeh, H.; Chow, M.; Abrams, W.R. [Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)] [and others

1994-09-15

Microfibrils with a diameter of 10-12 nm, found either in assocation with elastin or independently, are an important component of the extracellular matrix of many tissues. To extend understanding of the proteins composing these microfibrils, the cDNA and gene encoding the human associated microfibril protein (MRAP1) have been cloned and characterized. The coding portion is contained in 9 exons, and the sequence is very homologous to the previously described chick cDNA, but does not appear to share homology or domain motifs with any other known protein. Interestingly, the gene has been localized to chromosome 15q15-q21 by somatic hybrid cell and chromosome in situ analyses. This is the same chromosomal region to which the fibrillin gene, FBN1, known to be defective in the Marfan syndrome, has been mapped. MFAP1 is a candidate gene for heritable diseases affecting microfibrils. 38 refs., 6 figs.

[Tl(III)(dota)](-): An Extraordinarily Robust Macrocyclic Complex.

Science.gov (United States)

Fodor, Tamás; Bányai, István; Bényei, Attila; Platas-Iglesias, Carlos; Purgel, Mihály; Horváth, Gábor L; Zékány, László; Tircsó, Gyula; Tóth, Imre

2015-06-01

The X-ray structure of {C(NH2)3}[Tl(dota)]·H2O shows that the Tl(3+) ion is deeply buried in the macrocyclic cavity of the dota(4-) ligand (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate) with average Tl-N and Tl-O distances of 2.464 and 2.365 Å, respectively. The metal ion is directly coordinated to the eight donor atoms of the ligand, which results in a twisted square antiprismatic (TSAP') coordination around Tl(3+). A multinuclear (1)H, (13)C, and (205)Tl NMR study combined with DFT calculations confirmed the TSAP' structure of the complex in aqueous solution, which exists as the Λ(λλλλ)/Δ(δδδδ) enantiomeric pair. (205)Tl NMR spectroscopy allowed the protonation constant associated with the protonation of the complex according to [Tl(dota)](-) + H(+) ⇆ [Tl(Hdota)] to be determined, which turned out to be pK(H)Tl(dota) = 1.4 ± 0.1. [Tl(dota)](-) does not react with Br(-), even when using an excess of the anion, but it forms a weak mixed complex with cyanide, [Tl(dota)](-) + CN(-) ⇆ [Tl(dota)(CN)](2-), with an equilibrium constant of Kmix = 6.0 ± 0.8. The dissociation of the [Tl(dota)](-) complex was determined by UV-vis spectrophotometry under acidic conditions using a large excess of Br(-), and it was found to follow proton-assisted kinetics and to take place very slowly (∼10 days), even in 1 M HClO4, with the estimated half-life of the process being in the 10(9) h range at neutral pH. The solution dynamics of [Tl(dota)](-) were investigated using (13)C NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The (13)C NMR spectra recorded at low temperature (272 K) point to C4 symmetry of the complex in solution, which averages to C4v as the temperature increases. This dynamic behavior was attributed to the Λ(λλλλ) ↔ Δ(δδδδ) enantiomerization process, which involves both the inversion of the macrocyclic unit and the rotation of the pendant arms. According to our calculations, the arm-rotation process limits the Λ(λλλλ) ↔ �

207Pb and 205Tl NMR on Perovskite Type Crystals APbX3 (A = Cs, Tl, X = Br, I)

Science.gov (United States)

Sharma, Surendra; Weiden, Norbert; Weiss, Alarich

1987-11-01

By 205Tl and 207Pb NM R the chemical shift in polycrystalline samples of binary halides AX, BX2 and ternary halides ABX3 (A = Cs, Tl; B = Pb; X = Br, I) was studied at room temperature. The chemical shift tensors δ ( 205Tl) and δ (207Pb) were determined in magnitude and orientation on single crystals of the orthorhombic TlPbI3. The components of the δ(205Tl) tensor are δx (205Tl) || a = 611ppm; δy (205Tl) || b = 680 ppm; δZ(205Tl) || c = 1329 ppm; δiso(205Tl) = 873.3 ppm (with respect to 3.4 molar aqueous solution of TlOOCCH3). The chemical shift tensor of 207Pb in TlPbI3 shows two orientations. One of them is: δx (207Pb) = 3760 ppm, inclined 30° from b towards c, δy(207Pb) || a = 3485 ppm, δz(207Pb) = 2639 ppm inclined 120° from b towards c. δiso(207Pb) = 3295 ppm (with respect to saturated aqueous solution of Pb(NO3)2). The results are discussed with respect to the crystal structure and a model to explain orientation and anisotropy of the tensors δ(205Tl) and δ(207Pb) in TlPbI3 is proposed. In the system CsPbBr3-x Ix δ(207Pb) was studied on polycrystalline samples. The chemical shift increases with increasing x and negative excess shift is observed.

Contributions to a systematic examination of deformed transition nuclei by the study of the decay of 188Tl and 190Tl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Waetzig, W.

1980-01-01

Using the reaction 197 Au( 3 He,xn) Tl the decay of the nuclides 188 Tl and 190 Tl to 188 Hg (Tsub(1/2) = 70s) respectively to 190 Hg(Tsub(1/2) = 3.0 min) was studied at the mass separator ISOCELE of the Orsay-synchrocyclotron by gamma, conversion electron, gamma-gamma coincidence, and electron-gamma coincidence spectroscopy. The level schemes of 188 Hg and 190 Hg could be remarkably extended in comparison with earlier works. By a statistical analysis of the nuclear level density the nuclear temperature was calculated as a measure for the number of excitation modes of these nuclei. (orig./HSI) [de

The role of oxidation states in F A1 Tl n+ (n = 1, 3) lasers and CO interactions at the (1 0 0) surface of NaCl: An ab initio study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shalabi, A.S.; Abdel Aal, S.; Kamel, M.A.; Taha, H.O.; Ammar, H.Y.; Abdel Halim, W.S.

2006-01-01

The oxidation states of Thallium in F A1 Tl +n (n = 1, 3) color centers at the (1 0 0) surface of NaCl play important role in laser light generation and adsorbate-substrate interactions. Double-well potentials at these surfaces are investigated by using quantum mechanical ab initio methods. Quantum clusters of variable sizes were embedded in the simulated Coulomb fields that closely approximate the Madelung fields of the host surfaces, and ions that were the nearest neighbors to the F A1 Tl +n (n 1, 3) defect site were allowed to relax to equilibrium.The calculated Stokes shifts suggest that laser light generation is sensitive to the oxidation states of Thallium. The relaxed excited states of the defect-containing surface were deep below the lower edge of the conduction bands of the ground state defect-free surface, suggesting that the F A1 Tl +n (n = 1, 3) centers are suitable laser defects. The dependence of the orientational destruction and recording sensitivity on the oxidation state of Thallium is clarified. The Glasner-Tompkins empirical rule is generalized to include the oxidation state of the impurity cation. The adsorption energies of CO and OC over NaCl(1 0 0) was found to be sensitive to the oxidation state of the impurity cation. F A1 Tl +n (n = 1, 3) centers changed the physical adsorption of CO to chemical adsorption. While the artificial flow of charge was significant in the case of Tl +1 impurity, it was negligible in the case of Tl +3 impurity, and the results were explained in terms of the electrostatic potential curves

PRMT1 mediated methylation of TAF15 is required for its positive gene regulatory function

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jobert, Laure; Argentini, Manuela [Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 596, Universite Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, BP 10142 - 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg (France); Tora, Laszlo, E-mail: laszlo@igbmc.u-strasbg.fr [Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 596, Universite Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, BP 10142 - 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg (France)

2009-04-15

TAF15 (formerly TAF{sub II}68) is a nuclear RNA-binding protein that is associated with a distinct population of TFIID and RNA polymerase II complexes. TAF15 harbours an N-terminal activation domain, an RNA recognition motif (RRM) and many Arg-Gly-Gly (RGG) repeats at its C-terminal end. The N-terminus of TAF15 serves as an essential transforming domain in the fusion oncoprotein created by chromosomal translocation in certain human chondrosarcomas. Post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) of proteins are known to regulate their activity, however, nothing is known on how PTMs affect TAF15 function. Here we demonstrate that endogenous human TAF15 is methylated in vivo at its numerous RGG repeats. Furthermore, we identify protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) as a TAF15 interactor and the major PRMT responsible for its methylation. In addition, the RGG repeat-containing C-terminus of TAF15 is responsible for the shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and the methylation of RGG repeats affects the subcellular localization of TAF15. The methylation of TAF15 by PRMT1 is required for the ability of TAF15 to positively regulate the expression of the studied endogenous TAF15-target genes. Our findings demonstrate that arginine methylation of TAF15 by PRMT1 is a crucial event determining its proper localization and gene regulatory function.

PRMT1 mediated methylation of TAF15 is required for its positive gene regulatory function

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jobert, Laure; Argentini, Manuela; Tora, Laszlo

2009-01-01

TAF15 (formerly TAF II 68) is a nuclear RNA-binding protein that is associated with a distinct population of TFIID and RNA polymerase II complexes. TAF15 harbours an N-terminal activation domain, an RNA recognition motif (RRM) and many Arg-Gly-Gly (RGG) repeats at its C-terminal end. The N-terminus of TAF15 serves as an essential transforming domain in the fusion oncoprotein created by chromosomal translocation in certain human chondrosarcomas. Post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) of proteins are known to regulate their activity, however, nothing is known on how PTMs affect TAF15 function. Here we demonstrate that endogenous human TAF15 is methylated in vivo at its numerous RGG repeats. Furthermore, we identify protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) as a TAF15 interactor and the major PRMT responsible for its methylation. In addition, the RGG repeat-containing C-terminus of TAF15 is responsible for the shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and the methylation of RGG repeats affects the subcellular localization of TAF15. The methylation of TAF15 by PRMT1 is required for the ability of TAF15 to positively regulate the expression of the studied endogenous TAF15-target genes. Our findings demonstrate that arginine methylation of TAF15 by PRMT1 is a crucial event determining its proper localization and gene regulatory function.

灵芝新品种‘泰山赤灵芝1号（TL-1）’%A New Ganoderma lucidum Cultivar‘Taishan Chilingzhi 1（TL-1）’

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

兰玉菲; 安秀荣; 王庆武; 王明才; 于清伟; 唐丽娜; 李秀梅

2011-01-01

‘泰山赤灵芝1号（TL-1）’是由泰山野生种驯化选育而成。菌丝最适生长温度25～28℃,子实体生长最适温度25～30℃;代料栽培发菌需要45 d左右,从原基形成到子实体采收需要55 d左右。子实体菌盖半圆形或近肾形,红褐色至土褐色,具有光泽,干品转化率达14%以上。具有产量高,出芝整齐等特点。%The new Ganoderma lucidum cultiva‘r Taishan Chilingzhi 1（TL-1）’was derived from wild species collected from Mountain Tai.The optimum growth temperature of mycelia is 25–28 ℃,and the optimum temperature for fructification stage is 25–30 ℃.It takes about 45 days for mycelium full run when using bag culture.It usually takes 55 days from primordial formation to harvest.The pileus is semi-circle,mahogany to muddy colour and glossy.The biological efficiency of dry goods is above 14%.It has high yield and the fruiting body appearance tidiness.

Positive Selection of γδ CTL by TL Antigen Expressed in the Thymus

Science.gov (United States)

Tsujimura, Kunio; Takahashi, Toshitada; Morita, Akimichi; Hasegawa-Nishiwaki, Hitomi; Iwase, Shigeru; Obata, Yuichi

1996-01-01

To elucidate the function of the mouse TL antigen in the thymus, we have derived two TL transgenic mouse strains by introducing Tla a -3 of A strain origin with its own promoter onto a C3H background with no expression of TL in the thymus. These transgenic mouse strains, both of which express high levels of Tlaa-3-TL antigen in their thymus, were analyzed for their T cell function with emphasis on cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) generation. A T cell response against TL was induced in Tg.Tlaa-3-1, Tg.Tlaa-3-2, and control C3H mice by skin grafts from H-2K b/T3 b transgenic mice, Tg.Con.3-1, expressing T3b-TL ubiquitously. Spleen cells from mice that had rejected the T3b-TL positive skin grafts were restimulated in vitro with Tg.Con.3-1 irradiated spleen cells. In mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), approximately 20% and 15% of Thy-1+ T cells derived from Tg.Tlaa-3-1 and Tg.Tlaa-3-2, respectively, expressed TCRγδ, whereas almost all those from C3H expressed TCRαβ. The MLC from Tg.Tlaa-3-2 and C3H demonstrated high CTL activity against TL, while those from Tg.Tlaa-3-1 had little or none. The generation of γδ CTL recognizing TL in Tg.Tlaa-3-2, but not C3H mice, was confirmed by the establishment of CTL clones. A total of 14 γδ CTL clones were established from Tg.Tlaa-3-2, whereas none were obtained from C3H. Of the 14 γδ CTL clones, 8 were CD8+ and 6 were CD4−CD8− double negative. The CTL activity of all these clones was TL specific and inhibited by anti-TL, but not by anti-H-2 antibodies, demonstrating that they recognize TL directly without antigen presentation by H-2. The CTL activity was blocked by antibodies to TCRγδ and CD3, and also by antibodies to CD8α and CD8β in CD8+ clones, showing that the activity was mediated by TCRγδ and coreceptors. The thymic origin of these γδ CTL clones was indicated by the expression of Thy-1 and Ly-1 (CD5), and also CD8αβ heterodimers in CD8+ clones on their surfaces and by the usage of TCR Vγ4 chains in 12 of

Evaluation of 1cm dose equivalent rate using a NaI(Tl) scintilation spectrometer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsuda, Hideharu

1990-01-01

A method for evaluating 1 cm dose equivalent rates from a pulse height distribution obtained by a 76.2mmφ spherical NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer was described. Weak leakage radiation from nuclear facilities were also measured and dose equivalent conversion factor and effective energy of leakage radiation were evaluated from 1 cm dose equivalent rate and exposure rate. (author)

Insight on a novel layered semiconductors: CuTlS and CuTlSe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aliev, Ziya S., E-mail: ziyasaliev@gmail.com [Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, ANAS, H.Javid ave. 113, AZ1143 Baku (Azerbaijan); Institute of Physics, ANAS, H.Javid ave. 131, AZ1143 Baku (Azerbaijan); Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20080 San Sebastian (Spain); Zúñiga, Fco. Javier [Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao (Spain); Koroteev, Yury M. [Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 634055 Tomsk (Russian Federation); Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050 (Russian Federation); Breczewski, Tomasz [Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao (Spain); Babanly, Nizamaddin B. [Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, ANAS, H.Javid ave. 113, AZ1143 Baku (Azerbaijan); Amiraslanov, Imamaddin R. [Institute of Physics, ANAS, H.Javid ave. 131, AZ1143 Baku (Azerbaijan); Politano, Antonio [Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS) (Italy); Madariaga, Gotzon [Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao (Spain); Babanly, Mahammad B. [Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, ANAS, H.Javid ave. 113, AZ1143 Baku (Azerbaijan); and others

2016-10-15

Single crystals of the ternary copper compounds CuTlS and CuTlSe have been successfully grown from stoichiometric melt by using vertical Bridgman-Stockbarger method. The crystal structure of the both compounds has been determined by powder and single crystal X-Ray diffraction. They crystallize in the PbFCl structure type with two formula units in the tetragonal system, space group P4/nmm, a=3.922(2); c=8.123(6); Z=2 and a=4.087(6); c=8.195(19) Å; Z=2, respectively. The band structure of the reported compounds has been analyzed by means of full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FLAPW) method based on the density functional theory (DFT). Both compounds have similar band structures and are narrow-gap semiconductors with indirect band gap. The resistivity measurements agree with a semiconductor behavior although anomalies are observed at low temperature. - Graphical abstract: The crystal structures of CuTl and CuTlSe are isostructural with the PbFCl-type and the superconductor LiFeAs-type tetragonal structure. The band structure calculations confirmed that they are narrow-gap semiconductors with indirect band gaps of 0.326 and 0.083 eV. The resistivity measurements, although confirming the semiconducting behavior of both compounds exhibit unusual anomalies at low temperatures. - Highlights: • Single crystals of CuTlS and CuTlSe have been successfully grown by Bridgman-Stockbarger method. • The crystal structure of the both compounds has been determined by single crystal XRD. • The band structure of the both compounds has been analyzed based on the density functional theory (DFT). • The resistivity measurements have been carried out from room temperature down to 10 K.

Quality control of the solution sup(201)TlCl obtained at IPEN-CNEN/SP by sup(201)Tl direct preparation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fernandes, L.; Silva, C.P.G. da

1991-01-01

The radiopharmaceutical sup(201) TlCl is used in Nuclear Medicine for myocardial visualization. The solution of sup(201)TlCl was prepared using sup(201)Tl obtained by irradiating a natural mercury target with protons. This radionuclide was subjected to different quality control processes to verify the purity required for its use in Medicine. Some of these controls concerned the determination of sup(200)Tl, sup(201)Tl and sup(202)Tl; the chemical identification of sup(201)Tl sup(+1); the hydrazine concentration, mercury contamination and the presence of phosphate. Furthermore, the biologic distribution in Wistar rats and tests for sterility pyrogens and for toxicity were carried out. It was verified that the solution obtained was in the form of tallous chloride. This radiopharmaceutical can give a good heart image in animals but due to the contamination of sup(201)Tl with sup(200)Tl and sup(202)Tl its use in human beings is not possible unless enriched sup(202)Hg is used as target of irradiation. (author)

The precise measurement of TL isotopic compositions by MC-ICPMS: Application to the analysis of geological materials and meteorites.

Science.gov (United States)

Rehkämper, Mark; Halliday, Alex N.

1999-07-01

The precision of Tl isotopic measurements by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) is severely limited by the fact that Tl possesses only two naturally occurring isotopes, such that there is no invariant isotope ratio that can be used to correct for instrumental mass discrimination. In this paper we describe new chemical and mass spectrometric techniques for the determination of Tl isotopic compositions at a level of precision hitherto unattained. Thallium is first separated from the geological matrix using a two-stage anion-exchange procedure. Thallium isotopic compositions are then determined by multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with correction for mass discrimination using the known isotopic composition of Pb that is admixed to the sample solutions. With these procedures we achieve a precision of 0.01-0.02% for Tl isotope ratio measurements in geological samples and this is a factor of ≥3-4 better than the best published results by TIMS. However, without adequate precautions, experimental artifacts can be generated that result in apparent Tl isotopic fractionations of up to one per mil. Analysis of five terrestrial samples indicate the existence of Tl isotopic variations related to natural fractionation processes on the Earth. Two of the three igneous rocks analyzed in this study display Tl isotopic compositions indistinguishable from our laboratory standard, the reference material NIST-997 Tl. A third sample, however, is characterized by ɛ Tl ≈ 2.5 ± 1.5, where ɛ Tl represents the deviation of the 205Tl/ 203Tl ratio of the sample relative to NIST-997 Tl in parts per 10 4. Even larger deviations were identified for two ferromanganese crusts from the Pacific Ocean, which display ɛ Tl-values of +5.0 ± 1.5 and +11.7 ± 1.3. We suggest that the large variability of Tl isotopic compositions in the latter samples are caused by low-temperature processes related to the formation of the Fe-Mn crusts by precipitation and

Mapping of HKT1;5 Gene in Barley Using GWAS Approach and Its Implication in Salt Tolerance Mechanism

Science.gov (United States)

Hazzouri, Khaled M.; Khraiwesh, Basel; Amiri, Khaled M. A.; Pauli, Duke; Blake, Tom; Shahid, Mohammad; Mullath, Sangeeta K.; Nelson, David; Mansour, Alain L.; Salehi-Ashtiani, Kourosh; Purugganan, Michael; Masmoudi, Khaled

2018-01-01

Sodium (Na+) accumulation in the cytosol will result in ion homeostasis imbalance and toxicity of transpiring leaves. Studies of salinity tolerance in the diploid wheat ancestor Triticum monococcum showed that HKT1;5-like gene was a major gene in the QTL for salt tolerance, named Nax2. In the present study, we were interested in investigating the molecular mechanisms underpinning the role of the HKT1;5 gene in salt tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare). A USDA mini-core collection of 2,671 barley lines, part of a field trial was screened for salinity tolerance, and a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) was performed. Our results showed important SNPs that are correlated with salt tolerance that mapped to a region where HKT1;5 ion transporter located on chromosome four. Furthermore, sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) content analysis revealed that tolerant lines accumulate more sodium in roots and leaf sheaths, than in the sensitive ones. In contrast, sodium concentration was reduced in leaf blades of the tolerant lines under salt stress. In the absence of NaCl, the concentration of Na+ and K+ were the same in the roots, leaf sheaths and leaf blades between the tolerant and the sensitive lines. In order to study the molecular mechanism behind that, alleles of the HKT1;5 gene from five tolerant and five sensitive barley lines were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis did not show the presence of any polymorphism that distinguishes between the tolerant and sensitive alleles. Our real-time RT-PCR experiments, showed that the expression of HKT1;5 gene in roots of the tolerant line was significantly induced after challenging the plants with salt stress. In contrast, in leaf sheaths the expression was decreased after salt treatment. In sensitive lines, there was no difference in the expression of HKT1;5 gene in leaf sheath under control and saline conditions, while a slight increase in the expression was observed in roots after salt treatment. These results provide

Mapping of HKT1;5 Gene in Barley Using GWAS Approach and Its Implication in Salt Tolerance Mechanism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Khaled M. Hazzouri

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Sodium (Na+ accumulation in the cytosol will result in ion homeostasis imbalance and toxicity of transpiring leaves. Studies of salinity tolerance in the diploid wheat ancestor Triticum monococcum showed that HKT1;5-like gene was a major gene in the QTL for salt tolerance, named Nax2. In the present study, we were interested in investigating the molecular mechanisms underpinning the role of the HKT1;5 gene in salt tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare. A USDA mini-core collection of 2,671 barley lines, part of a field trial was screened for salinity tolerance, and a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS was performed. Our results showed important SNPs that are correlated with salt tolerance that mapped to a region where HKT1;5 ion transporter located on chromosome four. Furthermore, sodium (Na+ and potassium (K+ content analysis revealed that tolerant lines accumulate more sodium in roots and leaf sheaths, than in the sensitive ones. In contrast, sodium concentration was reduced in leaf blades of the tolerant lines under salt stress. In the absence of NaCl, the concentration of Na+ and K+ were the same in the roots, leaf sheaths and leaf blades between the tolerant and the sensitive lines. In order to study the molecular mechanism behind that, alleles of the HKT1;5 gene from five tolerant and five sensitive barley lines were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis did not show the presence of any polymorphism that distinguishes between the tolerant and sensitive alleles. Our real-time RT-PCR experiments, showed that the expression of HKT1;5 gene in roots of the tolerant line was significantly induced after challenging the plants with salt stress. In contrast, in leaf sheaths the expression was decreased after salt treatment. In sensitive lines, there was no difference in the expression of HKT1;5 gene in leaf sheath under control and saline conditions, while a slight increase in the expression was observed in roots after salt treatment. These

$\\alpha$-decay study of $^{182,184}$Tl

CERN Document Server

Van Beveren, C; Barzakh, A E; Cocolios, T E; de Groote, R P; Fedorov, D; Fedosseev, V N; Ferrer, R; Ghys, L; Huyse, M; Köster, U; Lane, J; Liberati, V; Lynch, K M; Marsh, B A; Molkanov, P L; Procter, T J; Rapisarda, E; Sandhu, K; Seliverstov, M D; Van Duppen, P; Venhart, M; Veselský, M

2016-01-01

α -decay spectroscopy of 182,184 Tl has been performed at the CERN isotope separator on-line ( ISOLDE ) facility. New fi ne-structure α decays have been observed for both isotopes. α -decay branching ratios of 0.089 ( 19 ) %, 0.047 ( 6 ) % and 1.22 ( 30 ) % have been deduced for the ( 10 − ) , ( 7 + ) and ( 2 − ) states respectively in 184 Tl and a lower limit of 0.49% for the α -decay branching ratio of 182 Tl. A new half-life of 9.5 ( 2 ) s for the ( 2 − ) state in 184 Tl and 1.9 ( 1 ) s for the low-spin state in 182 Tl has been deduced. Using α – γ coincidence analysis, multiple γ rays were observed de-exciting levels in 178,18 0 Au fed by 182,184 Tl α decays. The γ transitions connecting these low-lying states in 178,18 0 Au are essential to sort the data and possibly identify bands from in- beam studies in these isotopes. Owing to the complex fi ne-structure α decays and limited knowledge about the structure of the daughter nuclei, only partial level schemes could be constructed for bot...

Myocardial uptake of iodinated free fatty acids and 201Tl in experimental ischemia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Westera, G.; Wall, E.E. van der; Visser, F.C.; Scholtalbers, A.S.; Eenige, M.J. van; Roos, J.P.

1984-01-01

In an experimental study, we evaluated the uptake of ( 131 I)-17-iodo heptadecanoic acid ( 131 I-HDA), ( 125 I)-15-4 (4-iodophenyl) pentadecanoic acid ( 125 I-PPA) and thallium-201 ( 201 Tl) in the dog heart. Twenty dogs were studied and divided into 3 groups: in group A, 10 dogs (4 normal, 6 with coronary artery occlusion) were studied with 131 I-HDA and 201 Tl; in group B, 5 dogs (with occlusion) received 125 I-PPA and 201 Tl; and in group C, 5 dogs (with occlusion) were studied with 125 I-PPA and 131 I-HDA. Two min after administration of the compounds the hearts were excised and stored in formaldehyde. After sectioning of the left ventricle, total uptake was counted and expressed in percentage of injected dose. Uptake in the normal myocardium (group A) was 4.2+-0.6% for 131 I-HDA and 4.6+-0.7% for 201 Tl; in the occluded dog hearts (group A) we measured values of 2.6+-0.4% for 131 I-HDA (p 201 Tl (p 131 I-HDA, 125 I-PPA and 201 Tl in groups B and C was not significantly different: group B, 125 I-PPA 2.8+-0.8% and 201 Tl 2.5+-0.5%; group C, 125 I-PPA 1.9+-0.7% and 131 I-HDA 1.6+-0.6%. Moreover, regional distribution of both iodinated fatty acids was quite comparable with the distribution of 201 Tl. We conclude that 131 I-HDA and 125 I-PPA show similar uptake as 201 Tl and are distributed according to coronary artery perfusion, which underscores their value as myocardial imaging agents. (orig.) [de

Tl, Bi, and Pb doping in Ba4BiPb2TlO12-δ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sutto, T.E.; Averill, B.A.

1992-01-01

To determine the effects of different 6s metal concentrations on the superconducting nature of Ba 4 BiPb 2 TlO 12-δ , materials produced via four doping schemes were examined: Ba 4 Bi(Pb, Tl) 3 O 12-δ , Ba 4 -(BiPb) 3 TlO 12-δ , Ba 4 (Bi,Tl) 2 Pb 2 O 12-δ , and Ba 4 Bi x Pb 4-2x Tl x O 12-δ . For the parent compound a value of δ = 0.91 was observed, indicating that approximately 1/4 oxygen atom was missing per cubic subsection of the unit cell. For all samples, the symmetry of the parent compound changed from orthorhombic to tetragonal as the system moved away from the ideal composition. This was usually accompanied by the loss of superconductivity, which exhibited a maximum T c of 10.5 K for the parent compound Ba 4 BiPb 2 TlO 12-δ . Also reported are high-temperature magnetic susceptibility results, which are used to determine the effect of metal substitution on the density of states at the Fermi level. For each set of variants on the parent composition, the onset of superconductivity was accompanied by a significant decrease in the size of the Pauli paramagnetic signal. 16 refs., 6 figs

Ultrashort-period lateral composition modulation in TlInGaAsN/TlInP structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishimaru, Manabu; Tanaka, Yuusuke; Hasegawa, Shigehiko; Asahi, Hajime; Sato, Kazuhisa; Konno, Toyohiko J.

2009-01-01

We prepared TlInGaAsN/TlInP quantum well structures using gas source molecular-beam epitaxy and characterized them by means of transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. It was found that naturally formed vertical quantum wells, so-called lateral composition modulation (LCM), with a periodicity of ∼1 nm are formed in TlInGaAsN layers. We discuss their formation process using a simple kinetic Ising model for layer-by-layer growth, and point out that the formation of ultrashort-period LCM is a universal phenomenon in most of epitaxially grown III-V semiconductor alloys.

Photoinduced Optical Properties Of Tl1−xIn1−xSixSe2 Single Crystals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Myronchuk G.L.

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The influence of temperature on electroconductivity and photoinduced changes of the absorption at 0.15 eV under influence of the second harmonic generation of CO2 laser for the two type of single crystals were investigated. The single crystals Tl1−xIn1−xSixSe2 (x=0.1 and 0.2 have been grown by the two-zone Bridgaman-Stockbarger method. The temperature studies of electroconductivity were done in cryostat with thermoregulation in the temperature 77 - 300 K, with stabilization ±0.1 K. Photoinduced treatment of the investigated single crystals were performed using the 180 ns pulses second harmonic generation of the CO2 laser operating at 5.3 μm. Experimental studies have shown that for the Tl1−xIn1−xSixSe2 single crystals with decreasing temperature from 300 up to 240 K and from 315 up to 270 K the conductivity is realized by thermally excited impurities with activation energies equal to about 0.24 eV and 0.22 eV for x= 0.1 and 0.2, respectively. Photoinduced absorption achieves its maximum at a power density below 100 mJ/cm2. Has been shown that the samples with x=0.2 demonstrated higher changes of the photoinduced absorption with respect to the x=0.1. With further decreasing temperature is observed monotonic decrease in the activation energy of conductivity. The origin of these effects is caused by the excitations of both the electronic as well as phonon subsystem. At some power densities the anharmonic excitations become dominant and as a consequence the photoinduced absorption dependence is saturated what were observed. Additionally, we were evaluated at given temperature the average jump length of R for localized states near Fermi level.

The TL and OSL study of hydroxyapatites for dosimetric applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alencar, Marcus A. Vallim de

2009-01-01

The hydroxyapatite, the principal mineral component of the bone and tooth enamel, is one of the dosimetric materials that has distinguished itself in the high dose and accidents dosimetry, as well as in the dating, for the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) technique. For this reason, the hydroxyapatite could also be used as Thermoluminescence (TL) and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dosimeter in the dosimetry of high doses and accidents, and also in the archaeological and geological dating. This work presents a brief study of the TL and OSL behaviour of the B type synthetic carbonated hydroxyapatite, observing the possibility to use this material in TL and OSL dosimetry. The samples were irradiated to a dose of 100 Gy and 1000 Gy, and the TL and OSL measurements were obtained by the RISOE TL/OSL reader, model TL/OSL-DA-15B. The first results demonstrate the presence of three peaks in the TL glow curve in the temperatures of 100 deg C, 150 deg C and 280 deg C. The synthetic carbonated hydroxyapatite also presents an OSL signal when the sample is stimulated with blue light and a small OSL signal for stimulation with infrared light (IR). These results indicate the possibility of this synthetic carbonated hydroxyapatite to be used as dose indicator material using the TL and OSL techniques. (author)

Remote TL and OSL for asteroid and meteorite study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takaki, Shunji; Ikeya, Motoji; Yamanaka, Chihiro

1997-01-01

Thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of the Allende meteorite have been studied using infrared CO 2 laser light as a heat source and He-Ne laser light to excite the material, respectively from a long distance. New techniques of remote TL (R-TL) and remote OSL (R-OSL) have been developed for future remote dating from a long distance in a planetary survey. The upper limits of the distance for R-TL and R-OSL were estimated using the laboratory TL signal of the meteorite peaking at 320 o C: about 400 photons s -1 for the R-TL and 60 photons s -1 for R-OSL at a distance of 1 km using a laser beam with the divergence of 0.1 mrad at powers of 100 and 1 W, respectively. An age limit of 10 5 or 10 6 years due to the signal saturation and the objects heterogeneity, as expected from previous studies, may make the asteroid survey difficult but would still help to investigate the surface activities of icy planets and satellites in outer planet worlds. (author)

Development of NaI(Tl) scintillating films for imaging soft x-rays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shepherd, J.A.

1993-01-01

Thin film NaI(Tl) scintillators, of areas of up to 130 cm 2 , have been fabricated and characterized for use on soft x-ray imaging photomultiplier tubes. Relevant parameters of photon-counting imaging detectors are defined and used to predict the performance of several materials, including CsI(Na), CsI(Tl), CaF 2 (Eu), Lu 2 (SiO 4 )O:Ce, and NaI(Tl), as thin film scintillators on fiber optic substrates. Also, x-ray imaging methodologies are compared. The NaI(Tl) films were vapor-deposited onto quartz and fiber optic substrates using a powder flash deposition technique. When compared to single crystal NaI(Tl), the films were found to have equally high light yield but lower energy resolution. Light yield optimization was studied in detail including the effects of substrate temperature, activator concentration in the evaporant, and boat temperature. Spatial resolution as well as parallax errors are discussed and measured for film thicknesses up to 61 μm. A technique is described that can substantially increase the light collection of high index films on fiber optic disks. The light collection was improved by 20% by coating the disk with potassium silicate before the NaI(Tl) deposition. Large area films, up to 130 cm 2 , had a spatial uniformity of response within ±1.5% for count rate and ±3.5% for light yield, and their spatial resolution exceeded 16.6 lp mm -1 when deposited onto fiber optic substrates. The 8-keV x-ray detection efficiency of the microchannel plate imaging photomultiplier tube coupled to a NaI(Tl) film scintillator is predicted to be 88%. Other uses for the films are also described

Combination of interleukin-10 gene promoter polymorphisms with HLA-DRB1*15 allele is associated with multiple sclerosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Majid Shahbazi

2017-01-01

Interpretation & conclusions: The IL-10 and HLA-DRB1*15 polymorphisms were associated with the susceptibility to MS in Iranian patients. Our results suggest that gene-gene interaction of IL-10 polymorphisms and HLA-DRB1*15 alleles may be important factors in the development of MS.

Degradation of myocardial perfusion SPECT images caused by contaminants in thallous (201Tl) chloride

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Staelens, Steven G.; Wit, Tim C. de; Lemahieu, Ignace A.; Beekman, Freek J.

2008-01-01

Thallous ( 201 Tl) chloride is a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) tracer mainly used for assessing perfusion and viability of myocardial tissue. 201 Tl emits X-rays around 72 keV and gammas at 167 keV, and has a half-life of 73 h. Regulations allow an intrinsic contamination up to 3-5%, which is mainly caused by 200 Tl (368 keV; 26 h) and by 202 Tl (439 keV; 12.2 days). Contra-intuitive to the low-level percentages in which these contaminants are present, their impact may be significant because of much higher gamma camera sensitivity for these high-energy photon emissions. Therefore, we investigate the effects of the contaminants in terms of detected fractions of photons in projections and contrast degradation in reconstructed images. Acquisitions of a digital thorax phantom filled with thallous ( 201 Tl) chloride were simulated with a validated Monte Carlo tool, thereby, modelling 1% of contamination by 200 Tl and 202 Tl each. In addition, measurements of a thorax phantom on a dual-headed gamma camera were performed. The product used was contaminated by 0.17% of 200 Tl and 0.24% of 202 Tl at activity reference time (ART). This ART is specified by the manufacturer, thereby, accounting for the difference in half-lives of 201 Tl and its contaminants. These measurements were repeated at different dates associated with various contamination levels. Simulations showed that, with 1% of 200 Tl and 202 Tl, the total contamination in the 72 keV window can rise up to one out of three detected photons. For the 167keV window, the contamination is even more pronounced: more than four out of five detections in this photopeak window originate from contaminants. Measurements indicate that cold lesion contrast in myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging is at maximum close to ART. In addition to a higher noise level, relative contrast decreases 15% 2 days early to ART, which is explained by an increase in 200 Tl contamination. After ART, contrast decreased by 16% when

A ‘Judicious’ Use of L1 in TL Classroom: Socio-political, Psychological and Functional Dimensions

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Muhammad Afzal Awan

2015-10-01

Full Text Available In the present study, the authors deliberate that there are no separate boxes in human brain to restrict two different languages to interact with each other. The practice on ground is strongly in favour of allowing L1 to support target language (TL. The paper contests the status quo of maximal input hypothesis and documents enough research in the field of human psychology, code-switching, bilingualism and Socio-Cultural Theory (SCT. The Canadian French Immersion Programme has also been referred to, in the article. The real life teaching and learning experiences have been shared and are connected to the latest theory and research, and it is concluded that this issue has serious socio-political and academic dimensions. The study postulates that the extent of L1 to be used is highly context-dependent.  A ‘judicious’ use of L1 should, however, be practiced in target language (TL class without malign. Keywords: Judicious use, L1, code-switching, socio-political, psychological, functional dimensions

Evaluation of {sup 99m}Tc-ECD SPECT for the detection of brain tumor. Comparison with {sup 201}Tl SPECT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oshima, Motoo; Sasaki, Yasushi; Kikuchi, Yoshirou; Kaminaga, Tatsuro; Furui, Shigeru [Teikyo Univ., Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Medicine; Konoeda, Kouichi; Karigome, Masato; Yoshida, Katsuhiko

1997-01-01

For the evaluation of brain tumor (n=15), we performed both dynamic and static {sup 99m}Tc-ECD (ECD) SPECT studies. {sup 201}Tl SPECT was also used for comparison with the results of ECD SPECT. Dynamic ECD SPECT was obtained following the injection of 600 MBq of ECD. Five min after the injection of ECD, static ECD SPECT was performed. {sup 201}Tl SPECT was obtained 10 min after the injection of 74 MBq. Abnormal uptake was recognized in 7 of 15 tumors with dynamic ECD; 5 of 7 meningiomas, 1 of 1 glioblastoma and 1 of 1 astrocytoma. However, no abnormal uptake was seen in 3 of 3 benign tumors (1 low grade astrocytoma, 1 hemangioma, 1 craniopharyngioma) and in 2 of 2 brain metastases. In contrast abnormal uptake was seen in 11 of 15 tumors with {sup 201}Tl; 7 of 7 meningiomas, 2 of 2 brain metastases, 1 of 1 glioblastoma and 1 of 1 craniopharyngioma. No abnormal uptake was seen in 3 of 3 benign tumors (1 hemangioma and 2 low grade astrocytomas). Equivocal uptake was seen in 1 low grade astrocytoma with dynamic ECD and {sup 201}Tl. The mechanism of the accumulation of dynamic ECD to brain tumor is unclear. However, it may reflect not only blood flow, but also metabolism. (author)

Common gene variants in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies and NF-kB transcription factors and non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk.

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Sophia S Wang

Full Text Available A promoter polymorphism in the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF (TNF G-308A is associated with increased non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL risk. The protein product, TNF-alpha, activates the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kappaB transcription factor, and is critical for inflammatory and apoptotic responses in cancer progression. We hypothesized that the TNF and NF-kappaB pathways are important for NHL and that gene variations across the pathways may alter NHL risk.We genotyped 500 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs from 48 candidate gene regions (defined as 20 kb 5', 10 kb 3' in the TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies and the NF-kappaB and related transcription factors, in 1946 NHL cases and 1808 controls pooled from three independent population-based case-control studies. We obtained a gene region-level summary of association by computing the minimum p-value ("minP test". We used logistic regression to compute odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for NHL and four major NHL subtypes in relation to SNP genotypes and haplotypes. For NHL, the tail strength statistic supported an overall relationship between the TNF/NF-kappaB pathway and NHL (p = 0.02. We confirmed the association between TNF/LTA on chromosome 6p21.3 with NHL and found the LTA rs2844484 SNP most significantly and specifically associated with the major subtype, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL (p-trend = 0.001. We also implicated for the first time, variants in NFKBIL1 on chromosome 6p21.3, associated with NHL. Other gene regions identified as statistically significantly associated with NHL included FAS, IRF4, TNFSF13B, TANK, TNFSF7 and TNFRSF13C. Accordingly, the single most significant SNPs associated with NHL were FAS rs4934436 (p-trend = 0.0024, IRF4 rs12211228 (p-trend = 0.0026, TNFSF13B rs2582869 (p-trend = 0.0055, TANK rs1921310 (p-trend = 0.0025, TNFSF7 rs16994592 (p-trend = 0.0024, and TNFRSF13C rs6002551 (p-trend = 0.0074. All associations were

Chemical bonding in Tl cuprates studied by x-ray photoemission

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vasquez, R.P.; Siegal, M.P.; Overmyer, D.L.; Ren, Z.F.; Lao, J.Y.; Wang, J.H.

1999-01-01

Epitaxial thin films of the Tl cuprate superconductors Tl 2 Ba 2 CaCu 2 O 8 , Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 , and Tl 0.78 Bi 0.22 Ba 0.4 Sr 1.6 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 9-δ are studied with x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. These data, together with previous measurements in this lab of Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6+δ and TlBa 2 CaCu 2 O 7-δ , comprise a comprehensive data set for a comparative study of Tl cuprates with a range of chemical and electronic properties. In the Cu 2p spectra, a larger energy separation between the satellite and main peaks (E s -E m ) and a lower intensity ratio (I s /I m ) are found to correlate with higher values of T c . Analysis of these spectra within a simple configuration interaction model suggests that higher values of T c are related to low values of the O 2p→Cu 3d charge transfer energy. In the O 1s region, a smaller bond length between Ba and Cu-O planar oxygen is found to correlate with a lower binding energy for the signal associated with Cu-O bonding, most likely resulting from the increased polarization screening by Ba 2+ ions. For samples near optimum doping, maximum T c is observed to occur when the Tl 4f 7/2 binding energy is near 117.9 eV, which is near the middle of the range of values observed for Tl cuprates. Higher Tl 4f 7/2 binding energies, corresponding to formal oxidation states nearer Tl 1+ , are also found to correlate with longer bond lengths between Ba and Tl-O planar oxygen, and with higher binding energies of the O 1s signal associated with Tl-O bonding. copyright 1999 The American Physical Society

Isolation of the thymidylate synthetase gene (TMP1) by complementation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taylor, G.R.; Barclay, B.J.; Storms, R.K.; Friesen, J.D.; Haynes, R.H.

1982-01-01

The structural gene (TMP1) for yeast thymidylate synthetase (thymidylate synthase; EC 2.1.1.45) was isolated from a chimeric plasmid bank by genetic complementation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Retransformation of the dTMP auxotroph GY712 and a temperature-sensitive mutant (cdc21) with purified plasmid (pTL1) yielded Tmp/sup +/ transformants at high frequency. In addition, the plasmid was tested for the ability to complement a bacterial thyA mutant that lacks functional thymidylate synthetase. Although it was not possible to select Thy/sup +/ transformants directly, it was found that all pTL1 transformants were phenotypically Thy/sup +/ after several generations of growth in nonselective conditions. Thus, yeast thymidylate synthetase is biologically active in Escherichia coli. Thymidylate synthetase was assayed in yeast cell lysates by high-pressure liquid chromatography to monitor the conversion of [6-/sup 3/H]dUMP to [6-/sup 3/H]dTMP. In protein extracts from the thymidylate auxotroph (tmpl-6) enzymatic conversion of dUMP to dTMP was barely detectable. Lysates of pTL1 transformants of this strain, however, had thymidylate synthetase activity that was comparable to that of the wild-type strain

A novel human gene encoding a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR15) is located on chromosome 3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heiber, M.; Marchese, A.; O`Dowd, B.F. [Univ. of Toronto, Ontario (Canada)] [and others

1996-03-05

We used sequence similarities among G-protein-coupled receptor genes to discover a novel receptor gene. Using primers based on conserved regions of the opioid-related receptors, we isolated a PCR product that was used to locate the full-length coding region of a novel human receptor gene, which we have named GPR15. A comparison of the amino acid sequence of the receptor gene, which we have named GPR15. A comparison of the amino acid sequence of the receptor encoded by GPR15 with other receptors revealed that it shared sequence identity with the angiotensin II AT1 and AT2 receptors, the interleukin 8b receptor, and the orphan receptors GPR1 and AGTL1. GPR15 was mapped to human chromosome 3q11.2-q13.1. 12 refs., 2 figs.

Silicon drift detectors coupled to CsI(Tl) scintillators for spaceborne gamma-ray detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marisaldi, M.; Fiorini, C.; Labanti, C.; Longoni, A.; Perotti, F.; Rossi, E.; Soltau, H.

2006-01-01

Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs), thanks to their peculiar low noise characteristics, have proven to be excellent photodetectors for CsI(Tl) scintillation light detection. Two basic detector configurations have been developed: either a single SDD or a monolithic array of SDDs coupled to a single CsI(Tl) crystal. A 16 independent detectors prototype is under construction, designed to work in conjunction with the MEGA Compton telescope prototype under development at MPE, Garching, Germany. A single SDD coupled to a CsI(Tl) crystal has also been tested as a monolithic detector with an extended energy range between 1.5 keV and 1 MeV. The SDD is used as a direct X-ray detector for low energy photons interacting in silicon and as a scintillation light photodetector for photons interacting in the crystal. The type of interaction is identified by means of pulse shape discrimination technique. Detectors based on an array of SDDs coupled to a single CsI(Tl) crystal have also been built. The readout of these detectors is based on the Anger camera technique, and submillimeter spatial resolution can be achieved. The two detectors' approaches and their applications will be described

Trithallium tetraselenophosphate Tl3PSe4, and trithallium tetrathioarsenate, Tl3AsS4, by neutron time-of-flight diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alkire, R.W.; Vergamini, P.J.; Larson, A.C.; Morosin, B.

1984-01-01

Room-temperature (293 K) single-crystal structure determinations of the isostructural materials Tl 3 PSe 4 and Tl 3 AsS 4 were performed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory Pulsed Neutron Facility. For Tl 3 PSe 4 : Msub(r) = 959.92, Pcmn, a = 9.276 (1), b = 11.036 (2), c = 9.058 (1) A, V = 927.27 A 3 , Z = 4, Dsub(m) = 6.87 (2), Dsub(x) = 6.876 Mg m -3 , lambdasub(neutron) = 0.5 → 5.2 A, F(000) = 252.5 fm. For Tl 3 AsS 4 : Msub(r) = 816.29, Pcmn, a = 9.084 (3), b = 10.877 (3), c = 8.877 (3) A, V = 877.11 A 3 , Z = 4, Dsub(m) = 6.18 (2), Dsub(x) = 6.181 Mg m -3 , lambdasub(neutron) = 0.5 → 5.2 A, F(000) = 177.2 fm. For Tl 3 PSe 4 (Tl 3 AsS 4 ), 1929 (1013) reflections were measured with I > 3sigma(I) and refined by full-matrix least squares to R(F) = 0.061 (0.063). Results on atomic refinement from this study represent an order of magnitude increase in precision over previous single-crystal X-ray structural work using Mo Kα radiation. The PSe 4 3- (AsS 4 3- ) groups have essentially tetrahedral configurations and one Tl + ion shows large anisotropic thermal motion which is structure related. (Auth.)

High current Tl-203, Rh-103 targets preparation for cyclotron production of Tl-201 and Pd-103 radionuclides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arzumanov, A.; Berger, V.; Borissenko, A.; Gorodisskaya, N.; Ilmatov, I.; Knyazev, A.; Koptev, V.; Lyssukhin, S.; Platov, A.; Sychikov, G.; Zheltov, D.

2004-01-01

The objectives of the present work are to increase thermal stability of cyclotron targets for production of Tl-201 isotope, increase Tl-203 regeneration rate at radiochemical reprocessing of the targets and develop production technology for radiochemical sources based on Rd-103 isotope. Electrochemical coating of copper substrate with Tl increased the beam current at target irradiation from 100 μA to 125 μA. Further increase of the beam current results in sharp decrease of target stability time at irradiation to 15 min at beam current 150 μA. Thermal calculations and tests at the electron-beam stand predict satisfactory stability at such currents. The discrepancy with the irradiation results has not been explained. More accurate specification of regimes for Tl-203 electrochemical recovery from irradiated targets and better matching of the electrolyte composition made it possible to increase the recovery rate up to 99.5%. Before the present Project, the INP had no experience in production of radioactive sources based on Pd-103. Thermo-diffusion extraction of Pd-103 from irradiated rhodium foil has been chosen as a technology-defining method. The process assures good extraction rate and high purity of extracted isotope. Production of Pd-103 sources based on this technology is much simpler compared to the same based on electrochemical processes. (author)

Chemical Bonding in Tl Cuprates Studied by X-Ray Photoemission

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lao, J.Y.; Overmyer, D.L.; Ren, Z.F.; Siegal, M.P.; Vasquez, R.P.; Wang, J.H.

1999-04-05

Epitaxial thin films of the Tl cuprate superconductors Tl{sub 2}Ba{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8}, Tl{sub 2}Ba{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 10}, and TL{sub 0.78}Bi{sub 0.22}Ba{sub 0.4}Sr{sub 1.6}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 9{minus}{delta}} are studied with x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. These data, together with previous measurements in this lab of Tl{sub 2}Ba{sub 2}CuO{sub 6+{delta}} and TlBa{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 7{minus}{delta}}, comprise a comprehensive data set for a comparative study of Tl cuprates with a range of chemical and electronic properties. In the Cu 2p spectra, a larger energy separation between the satellite and main peaks (E{sub s}-E{sub m}) and a lower intensity ratio (I{sub s}/I{sub m}) are found to correlate with higher values of T{sub c}. Analysis of these spectra within a simple configuration interaction model suggests that higher values of T{sub c} are related to low values of the O 2p {r_arrow} Cu 3d charge transfer energy. In the O 1s region, a smaller bond length between Ba and Cu-O planar oxygen is found to correlate with a lower binding energy for the signal associated with Cu-O bonding, most likely resulting from the increased polarization screening by Ba{sup 2+} ions. For samples near optimum doping, maximum T{sub c} is observed to occur when the Tl 4f{sub 7/2} binding energy is near 117.9 eV, which is near the middle of the range of values observed for Tl cuprates. Higher Tl 4f{sub 7/2} binding energies, corresponding to formal oxidation states nearer Tl{sup 1+}, are also found to correlate with longer bond lengths between Ba and Tl-O planar oxygen, and with higher binding energies of the O 1s signal associated with Tl-O bonding.

Chemical bonding in Tl cuprates studied by x-ray photoemission

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vasquez, R.P. [Center for Space Microelectronics Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109-8099 (United States); Siegal, M.P.; Overmyer, D.L. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1421 (United States); Ren, Z.F.; Lao, J.Y.; Wang, J.H. [Materials Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000 (United States)

1999-08-01

Epitaxial thin films of the Tl cuprate superconductors Tl{sub 2}Ba{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8}, Tl{sub 2}Ba{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 10}, and Tl{sub 0.78}Bi{sub 0.22}Ba{sub 0.4}Sr{sub 1.6}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 9{minus}{delta}} are studied with x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. These data, together with previous measurements in this lab of Tl{sub 2}Ba{sub 2}CuO{sub 6+{delta}} and TlBa{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 7{minus}{delta}}, comprise a comprehensive data set for a comparative study of Tl cuprates with a range of chemical and electronic properties. In the Cu 2p spectra, a larger energy separation between the satellite and main peaks (E{sub s}{minus}E{sub m}) and a lower intensity ratio (I{sub s}/I{sub m}) are found to correlate with higher values of T{sub c}. Analysis of these spectra within a simple configuration interaction model suggests that higher values of T{sub c} are related to low values of the O&hthinsp;2p{r_arrow}Cu&hthinsp;3d charge transfer energy. In the O&hthinsp;1s region, a smaller bond length between Ba and Cu-O planar oxygen is found to correlate with a lower binding energy for the signal associated with Cu-O bonding, most likely resulting from the increased polarization screening by Ba{sup 2+} ions. For samples near optimum doping, maximum T{sub c} is observed to occur when the Tl 4f{sub 7/2} binding energy is near 117.9 eV, which is near the middle of the range of values observed for Tl cuprates. Higher Tl&hthinsp;4f{sub 7/2} binding energies, corresponding to formal oxidation states nearer Tl{sup 1+}, are also found to correlate with longer bond lengths between Ba and Tl-O planar oxygen, and with higher binding energies of the O&hthinsp;1s signal associated with Tl-O bonding. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}

Correlation of an abnormal rest /sup 201/Tl myocardial image: Pathological findings in cardiac transplant recipients

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McKillop, J.H.; McDougall, I.R.; Billingham, M.; Schroeder, J.S.

1982-06-01

Rest myocardial /sup 201/Tl scintigraphy was undertaken in 15 males mean age 39 years (22-54) who had been accepted for cardiac transplantation. Complete pathological correlation was obtained in 14 after transplantation and in 1 who died before a suitable donor heart became available. The average time from scintigraphy to pathological evaluation was 42 days (9-103). All the /sup 201/Tl images were grossly abnormal and on the basis of these studies it was not possible to differentiate ischemic from idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Each of the three views of the /sup 201/Tl study was divided into three segments, therefore 135 areas were available for comparison (3 x 3 x 15). Eighty-eight of these were abnormal on scan and 78 of these were abnormal pathologically. The right ventricle was seen on all rest images but the degree of uptake bore no relationship to the measured thickness of the right ventricular wall. Structures such as the atrial wall and the enlarged papillary muscle were visualized in some patients. In two patients there was an improvement of the rest /sup 201/Tl image in delayed views and histologically these areas showed a mixture of muscle and fibrous tissue. The sensitivity of /sup 201/Tl imaging in this study was 89% and there was close correlation of the images with gross and microscopic pathological findings.

Copper interactions in TlCu7S4 and TlCu7Se4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Noren, L.; Delaplane, R.G.; Berger, R.

1999-01-01

Complete text of publication follows. The copper chalcogenides ACu 7 S 4 (A=NH 4 + , Tl + , Rb + ) are quasi-one-dimensional metals at ambient and higher temperatures which is due to the high mobility of copper in these structures. TlCu 7 S 4 and TlCu 7 Se 4 are isostructural compounds, space group I4/m, which can be described on the basis of a TlX 8 cube with two different Cu sites, Cu(1) and Cu(2). Cu(2)-Cu(2) zigzag chains run along the c axis with only 3/4 occupation of the Cu(2) sites. However, these two compounds differ in behaviour on cooling. The sulphide shows a polymorphic first-order transition to the CsAg 7 S 4 type (P4/n) owing to ordering of the vacancies in the Cu(2)-Cu(2) chains. In order to study the nature of the Cu(2) order/disorder in the two title compounds, a series of neutron diffraction measurements (both Bragg and diffuse scattering) were made at several temperatures from 40 to 713 K on the instrument SLAD at Studsvik. The structure at each temperature was modelled using RMC techniques. The resulting configuration show that as the temperature increases, there is a marked increase in the mobility of the Cu atoms in the Cu(2)-Cu(2) chains for TlCu 7 S 4 but not for TlCu 7 Se 4 . This is due to the initial difference in the Cu(2)-Cu(2) distances, only 2.2A for the thiocuprate, but 2.7A in the selenocuprate which explains the relative ease for Cu(2) ordering in the latter case. (author)

Stability of Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O Superconducting Thin Films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Siegal, M.P.; Overmyer, D.L.; Venturini, E.L.; Padilla, R.R.; Provencio, P.N.

1999-08-23

We report the stability of TlBa{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 7} (Tl-1212) and Tl{sub 2}Ba{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8} (T1-2212) thin films and by inference, the stability of TlBa{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 9} (Tl-1223) and Tl{sub 2}Ba{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 10} (Tl-2223) thin films, under a variety of conditions. In general, we observe that the stability behavior of the single Tl-O layer materials (Tl-1212 and Tl-1223)are similar and the double Tl-O layer materials (Tl-2212 and Tl-2223) are similar. All films are stable with repeated thermal cycling to cryogenic temperatures. Films are also stable in acetone and methanol. Moisture degrades film quality rapidly, especially in the form of vapor. Tl-1212 is more sensitive to vapor than Tl-2212. These materials are stable to high temperatures in either N{sub 2}, similar to vacuum for the cuprates, and O{sub 2} ambients. While total degradation of properties (superconducting and structural) occur at the same temperatures for all phases, 600 C in N{sub 2} and 700 C in O{sub 2}, the onset of degradation occurs at somewhat lower temperatures for Tl-1212 than for Tl-2212 films. In all cases, sample degradation is associated with Tl depletion from the films.

Supralinear response and efficiency of LiF:Mg,Ti to 0.7, 1.5 and 3 MeV protons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gamboa-deBuen, I.; Aviles, P.; Rodriguez-Villafuerte, M.; Buenfil, A.E.; Ruiz-Trejo, C.; Brandan, M.E.

2001-01-01

The thermoluminescent (TL) response, supralinearity function, and relative efficiency with respect to 60 Co γ-rays, of TLD-100 exposed to 0.7, 1.5 and 3 MeV protons have been measured. The TL response of the glow curve peaks using two different deconvolutions, separating in either 7 (3-9) or 9 peaks (3-10 and peaks 6a and 6b), was investigated. Results for the supralinearity function of peaks 5 and 7-9 and the relative response of peaks 5 and 7 are insensitive to the chosen deconvolution scheme. At all energies we observe that peak 5 is slightly supralinear and that supralinearity increases as a function of the peak temperature. The relative efficiencies, measured for the total TL signal (area under the glow curve) and peaks 5 and 7, decrease with the proton energy having values of 0.33, 0.46 and 0.70 (total TL signal), 0.22, 0.32 and 0.53 (peak 5) and 1.4, 2.6 and 3.6 (peak 7) at 0.7, 1.5 and 3 MeV, respectively. These data agree with the systematics reported in the literature. The measurements of the supralinearity function are compared with Monte Carlo track interaction model calculations. The analysis suggests that the model ion track effective radius and the saturation radius are independent of the incident ion energy

Identification of a spliced gene from duck enteritis virus encoding a protein homologous to UL15 of herpes simplex virus 1

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Wang Yu

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background In herpesviruses, UL15 homologue is a subunit of terminase complex responsible for cleavage and packaging of the viral genome into pre-assembled capsids. However, for duck enteritis virus (DEV, the causative agent of duck viral enteritis (DVE, the genomic sequence was not completely determined until most recently. There is limited information of this putative spliced gene and its encoding protein. Results DEV UL15 consists of two exons with a 3.5 kilobases (kb inron and transcribes into two transcripts: the full-length UL15 and an N-terminally truncated UL15.5. The 2.9 kb UL15 transcript encodes a protein of 739 amino acids with an approximate molecular mass of 82 kiloDaltons (kDa, whereas the UL15.5 transcript is 1.3 kb in length, containing a putative 888 base pairs (bp ORF that encodes a 32 kDa product. We also demonstrated that UL15 gene belonged to the late kinetic class as its expression was sensitive to cycloheximide and phosphonoacetic acid. UL15 is highly conserved within the Herpesviridae, and contains Walker A and B motifs homologous to the catalytic subunit of the bacteriophage terminase as revealed by sequence analysis. Phylogenetic tree constructed with the amino acid sequences of 23 herpesvirus UL15 homologues suggests a close relationship of DEV to the Mardivirus genus within the Alphaherpesvirinae. Further, the UL15 and UL15.5 proteins can be detected in the infected cell lysate but not in the sucrose density gradient-purified virion when reacting with the antiserum against UL15. Within the CEF cells, the UL15 and/or UL15.5 localize(s in the cytoplasm at 6 h post infection (h p. i. and mainly in the nucleus at 12 h p. i. and at 24 h p. i., while accumulate(s in the cytoplasm in the absence of any other viral protein. Conclusions DEV UL15 is a spliced gene that encodes two products encoded by 2.9 and 1.3 kb transcripts respectively. The UL15 is expressed late during infection. The coding sequences of DEV UL15

Identification of a spliced gene from duck enteritis virus encoding a protein homologous to UL15 of herpes simplex virus 1.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Hongwei; Li, Huixin; Han, Zongxi; Shao, Yuhao; Wang, Yu; Kong, Xiangang

2011-04-06

In herpesviruses, UL15 homologue is a subunit of terminase complex responsible for cleavage and packaging of the viral genome into pre-assembled capsids. However, for duck enteritis virus (DEV), the causative agent of duck viral enteritis (DVE), the genomic sequence was not completely determined until most recently. There is limited information of this putative spliced gene and its encoding protein. DEV UL15 consists of two exons with a 3.5 kilobases (kb) inron and transcribes into two transcripts: the full-length UL15 and an N-terminally truncated UL15.5. The 2.9 kb UL15 transcript encodes a protein of 739 amino acids with an approximate molecular mass of 82 kiloDaltons (kDa), whereas the UL15.5 transcript is 1.3 kb in length, containing a putative 888 base pairs (bp) ORF that encodes a 32 kDa product. We also demonstrated that UL15 gene belonged to the late kinetic class as its expression was sensitive to cycloheximide and phosphonoacetic acid. UL15 is highly conserved within the Herpesviridae, and contains Walker A and B motifs homologous to the catalytic subunit of the bacteriophage terminase as revealed by sequence analysis. Phylogenetic tree constructed with the amino acid sequences of 23 herpesvirus UL15 homologues suggests a close relationship of DEV to the Mardivirus genus within the Alphaherpesvirinae. Further, the UL15 and UL15.5 proteins can be detected in the infected cell lysate but not in the sucrose density gradient-purified virion when reacting with the antiserum against UL15. Within the CEF cells, the UL15 and/or UL15.5 localize(s) in the cytoplasm at 6 h post infection (h p. i.) and mainly in the nucleus at 12 h p. i. and at 24 h p. i., while accumulate(s) in the cytoplasm in the absence of any other viral protein. DEV UL15 is a spliced gene that encodes two products encoded by 2.9 and 1.3 kb transcripts respectively. The UL15 is expressed late during infection. The coding sequences of DEV UL15 are very similar to those of alphaherpesviruses and

Comparative study of 201Tl reinjection mycoardial imaging and late imaging after reinjection for detecting myocardial viability

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin Jinghui; Chai Xiaofeng; Zhu Mei

1997-01-01

PURPOSE: To compare 201 Tl reinjection imaging with late imaging in detecting myocardial viability. METHODS: 62 patients with myocardial infarction underwent 201 Tl exercise, 3∼5 hours redistribution, 16∼35 minutes and 12∼19 hours post 201 Tl reinjection mycoardial tomography imaging. After imaging, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were performed in 15 patients, and then exercise-redistribution myocardial imaging were repeated. RESULTS: 62 patients had 126 segments of irreversible defects on stress-redistribution imaging, 48 segments showed radioactive filling at 16∼35 minutes post-reinjection. The detecting rate of myocardial viability was 38.1% (48/126). 51 segments presented redistribution on 12∼19 hours late imaging, the detecting rate of myocardial viability was 40.5% (51/126). There were no significant difference in the detecting rate between them (x 2 0.16, P>0.05). But in combination of both methods, there were 62 segments refilling, thereby detecting rate was enhanced to 49.2% (62/126). In 15 patients who had PTCA, out of 17 segments were discovered to be viable before PTCA. After PTCA 12 segments had an improved perfusion of 201 Tl, the positive predictive accuracy was 70.6%. Out of 11 segments were discovered to be infarcted, 9 segments had non-improved 201 Tl perfusion after PTCA, the negative predictive accuracy was 81.8%. CONCLUSION: There were no significant difference in the detecting rate of myocardial viability between 2 '0 1 Tl reinjection and late imaging. In combination of both methods the detecting rate can be enhanced

Immunity against mouse thymus-leukemia antigen (TL) protects against development of lymphomas induced by a chemical carcinogen, N-butyl-N-nitrosourea.

Science.gov (United States)

Tsujimura, Kunio; Obata, Yuichi; Matsudaira, Yasue; Ozeki, Satoshi; Taguchi, Osamu; Nishida, Keiko; Okanami, Yuko; Akatsuka, Yoshiki; Kuzushima, Kiyotaka; Takahashi, Toshitada

2004-11-01

Mouse thymus-leukemia antigens (TL) are aberrantly expressed on T lymphomas in C57BL/6 (B6) and C3H/He (C3H) mice, while they are not expressed on normal T lymphocytes in these strains. When N-butyl-N-nitrosourea (NBU), a chemical carcinogen, was administered orally to B6 and C3H strains, lymphoma development was slower than in T3(b)-TL gene-transduced counterpart strains expressing TL ubiquitously as self-antigens, suggesting that anti-TL immunity may play a protective role. In addition, the development of lymphomas was slightly slower in C3H than in B6, which seems to be in accordance with the results of skin graft experiments indicating that both cellular and humoral immunities against TL were stronger in C3H than B6 mice. The interesting finding that B lymphomas derived from a T3(b)-TL transgenic strain (C3H background) expressing a very high level of TL were rejected in C3H, but not in H-2K(b) transgenic mice (C3H background), raises the possibility that TL-specific effector T cell populations are eliminated and/or energized to a certain extent by interacting with H-2K(b) molecules.

Kinetic parameters and TL mechanism in cadmium tetra borate phosphor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Annalakshmi, O.; Jose, M.T.; Sridevi, J.; Venkatraman, B.; Amarendra, G.; Mandal, A.B.

2014-01-01

Polycrystalline powder samples of cadmium tetra borate were synthesized by a simple solid state sintering technique and gamma irradiated sample showed a simple Thermoluminescence (TL) glow peak around 460 K. The TL kinetic parameters of gamma irradiated phosphor were determined by initial rise (IR), isothermal decay (ID), peak shape (PS), variable heating rate (VHR) and glow curve de-convolution method. The kinetic parameters such as activation energy (E), frequency factor (s) and order of kinetics (b) were calculated by IR, ID, PS and VHR methods are in the order of ∼1.05 eV, 10 9 –10 12 s −1 and 1.58, respectively. From the results of TL and PL emission studies carried out on the phosphor revealed that the defect centers related to TL is different from that for PL. EPR measurements were carried out to identify the defect centers formed in cadmium tetra borate phosphor on gamma irradiation. Based on EPR studies the mechanism for TL process in cadmium tetra borate is proposed in this paper -- Highlights: • Polycrystalline powder samples of undoped cadmium tetra borate synthesized. • Cadmium tetra borate phosphor exhibits a dosimetric peak at 458 K. • Kinetic parameters of the trap responsible for TL evaluated. • TL mechanism is proposed from TL to EPR correlation studies

Kinetic parameters and TL mechanism in cadmium tetra borate phosphor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Annalakshmi, O. [Radiological Safety Division, Materials Physics Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102 (India); Jose, M.T., E-mail: mtj@igcar.gov.in [Radiological Safety Division, Materials Physics Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102 (India); Sridevi, J. [Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chennai 600 020, Tamilnadhu (India); Venkatraman, B. [Radiological Safety Division, Materials Physics Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102 (India); Amarendra, G. [Materials Physics Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102 (India); Mandal, A.B. [Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chennai 600 020, Tamilnadhu (India)

2014-03-15

Polycrystalline powder samples of cadmium tetra borate were synthesized by a simple solid state sintering technique and gamma irradiated sample showed a simple Thermoluminescence (TL) glow peak around 460 K. The TL kinetic parameters of gamma irradiated phosphor were determined by initial rise (IR), isothermal decay (ID), peak shape (PS), variable heating rate (VHR) and glow curve de-convolution method. The kinetic parameters such as activation energy (E), frequency factor (s) and order of kinetics (b) were calculated by IR, ID, PS and VHR methods are in the order of ∼1.05 eV, 10{sup 9}–10{sup 12} s{sup −1} and 1.58, respectively. From the results of TL and PL emission studies carried out on the phosphor revealed that the defect centers related to TL is different from that for PL. EPR measurements were carried out to identify the defect centers formed in cadmium tetra borate phosphor on gamma irradiation. Based on EPR studies the mechanism for TL process in cadmium tetra borate is proposed in this paper -- Highlights: • Polycrystalline powder samples of undoped cadmium tetra borate synthesized. • Cadmium tetra borate phosphor exhibits a dosimetric peak at 458 K. • Kinetic parameters of the trap responsible for TL evaluated. • TL mechanism is proposed from TL to EPR correlation studies.

TL dating of pottery sherds and baked soil from the Xian Terracotta Army Site, Shaanxi Province, China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu Yanchou; Zhang Jingzhao; Xie Jun

1988-01-01

Six ceramics and two baked soil samples collected from the famous Xian Terracotta Army Site have been dated by using fine grain (2-8 μ) thermoluminescence (TL) technique. Five samples of pottery sherds exhibited peak TL at about 275 0 C and 395 0 C gave the TL age ranges from 2.13 ± 0.14 ka to 2.25 ± 0.14 ka and a mean TL age of 2.20 ± 0.15 ka, with a good plateau in the range of 290-400 0 C. Another sample, however, showed a larger peak at 365 0 C and could not be dated because of serious fading. TL ages of 1.93 ± 0.13 ka and 2.20 ± 0.19 ka have been also obtained from the baked soil samples with a plateau between 300 and 350 0 C. The TL dates of the ceramics and baked soil are consistent with C-14 dates on charcoal samples taken from the same layer in Xian Terracotta Army Site. It is consistent with other evidence that the Terracotta Army figures were made about 2200 yr ago and that the site burned down soon afterwards. (author)

A portable in situ NaI(Tl) γ spectroscopy system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Bairong; Dong Binjiang; Zeng Liping

1999-01-01

The author describes a portable in situ NaI(Tl) γ spectroscopy system, which consists of a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector, an integrative spectroscopy card, a notebook computer and the spectroscopy software. The spectrometer addresses applications in environmental or nuclear accident in situ γ spectroscopy measurements, and gives valid quantitative results of radionuclide concentrations per unit volume (Bq/kg) or per unit area (Bq/cm 2 ) in the soil and absorbed dose rate in air 1 m above ground (Gy/h)

(Tl, Sb) and (Tl, Bi) binary surface reconstructions on Ge(111) substrate

Science.gov (United States)

Gruznev, D. V.; Bondarenko, L. V.; Tupchaya, A. Y.; Yakovlev, A. A.; Mihalyuk, A. N.; Zotov, A. V.; Saranin, A. A.

2018-03-01

2D compounds made of Group-III and Group-V elements on the surface of silicon and germanium attract considerable attention due to prospects of creating III-V binary monolayers, which are predicted to hold advanced physical properties. In the present work, we have investigated two such systems, (Tl, Sb)/Ge(111) and (Tl, Bi)/Ge(111) using scanning tunneling microscopy, low energy electron diffraction observations and density-functional-theory calculations. In addition to the previously reported surface structures of 2D (Tl, Sb) and (Tl, Bi) compounds on Si(111), we found new ones, namely, √{ 7} × √{ 7} and 3 × 3. Formation processes and plausible models of their atomic arrangements are discussed.

Huge operation by energy gap of novel narrow band gap Tl1-x In1-x B x Se2 (B = Si, Ge): DFT, x-ray emission and photoconductivity studies

Science.gov (United States)

Piasecki, M.; Myronchuk, G. L.; Zamurueva, O. V.; Khyzhun, O. Y.; Parasyuk, O. V.; Fedorchuk, A. O.; Albassam, A.; El-Naggar, A. M.; Kityk, I. V.

2016-02-01

It is shown that narrow band gap semiconductors Tl1-x In1-x GexSe2 are able effectively to vary the values of the energy gap. DFT simulations of the principal bands during the cationic substitutions is done. Changes of carrier transport features is explored. Relation with the changes of the near the surface states is explored . Comparison on a common energy scale of the x-ray emission Se Kβ 2 bands, representing energy distribution of the Se 4p states, indicates that these states contribute preliminary to the top of the valence band. The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity and spectral dependence photoconductivity for the Tl1-x In1-x Ge x Se2 and Tl1-x In1-x Si x Se2 single crystals were explored and compared with previously reported Tl1-x In1-x Sn x Se2. Based on our investigations, a model of centre re-charging is proposed. Contrary to other investigated crystals in Tl1-x In1-x Ge x Se2 single crystals for x = 0.1 we observe extraordinarily enormous photoresponse, which exceed more than nine times the dark current. X-ray photoelectron core-level and valence-band spectra for pristine and Ar+-ion irradiated surfaces of Tl1-x In1-x GexSe2 (x = 0.1 and 0.2) single crystals have been studied. These results indicate that the relatively low hygroscopicity of the studied single crystals is typical for the Tl1-x In1-x Ge x Se2 crystals, a property that is very important for handling these quaternary selenides as infrared materials operating at ambient conditions.

Interaction between LRP5 and periostin gene polymorphisms on serum periostin levels and cortical bone microstructure.

Science.gov (United States)

Pepe, J; Bonnet, N; Herrmann, F R; Biver, E; Rizzoli, R; Chevalley, T; Ferrari, S L

2018-02-01

We investigated the interaction between periostin SNPs and the SNPs of the genes assumed to modulate serum periostin levels and bone microstructure in a cohort of postmenopausal women. We identified an interaction between LRP5 SNP rs648438 and periostin SNP rs9547970 on serum periostin levels and on radial cortical porosity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction between periostin gene polymorphisms (SNPs) and other genes potentially responsible for modulating serum periostin levels and bone microstructure in a cohort of postmenopausal women. In 648 postmenopausal women from the Geneva Retirees Cohort, we analyzed 6 periostin SNPs and another 149 SNPs in 14 genes, namely BMP2, CTNNB1, ESR1, ESR2, LRP5, LRP6, PTH, SPTBN1, SOST, TGFb1, TNFRSF11A, TNFSF11, TNFRSF11B and WNT16. Volumetric BMD and bone microstructure were measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography at the distal radius and tibia. Serum periostin levels were associated with radial cortical porosity, including after adjustment for age, BMI, and years since menopause (p = 0.036). Sixteen SNPs in the ESR1, LRP5, TNFRSF11A, SOST, SPTBN1, TNFRSF11B and TNFSF11 genes were associated with serum periostin levels (p range 0.03-0.001) whereas 26 SNPs in 9 genes were associated with cortical porosity at the radius and/or at the tibia. WNT 16 was the gene with the highest number of SNPs associated with both trabecular and cortical microstructure. The periostin SNP rs9547970 was also associated with cortical porosity (p = 0.04). In particular, SNPs in LRP5, ESR1 and near the TNFRSF11A gene were associated with both cortical porosity and serum periostin levels. Eventually, we identified an interaction between LRP5 SNP rs648438 and periostin SNP rs9547970 on serum periostin levels (interaction p = 0.01) and on radial cortical porosity (interaction p = 0.005). These results suggest that periostin expression is genetically modulated, particularly by polymorphisms

The adsorption of Tl(I), Au(III), Cu(II) and the separation of 199Tl from alpha bombardment of gold target with PDB-18C6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Dehai; Zhou Jimeng

1989-01-01

The adsorptive behavior of polymer of methyl aldehyde of dibenzo-18-crown-6 (PDB-18C6) in hydrochloric acid medium is studied and it is shown that the adsorption of T1(I), Au(III), and Cu(II) depends on the particle size of the crown ether resins, hydrochloric acid concentration and amount of the crown ether resins used. The difference in the adsorption behavior of different particle sizes of crown ether resins may be used for separating Tl(I), Au(III), and Cu(II) ions. The best eluant of Tl(I) and Au(III) is 0.4 mol/l perchloric acid and 2-ethoxy-ethanol. The recovery for Tl(I) is 82-98.8%. The gold target is bombarded in a 1.2 m cyclotron with 25-27 MeV α-particle with a cumulative beam intensities of 27μA·h, and 199 Tl is separated from the gold target with PDB-18C6. γ-spectrometry has shown that the Tl obtained is 199 Tl of high purity containing only about 0.50% 200 Tl

Natural quartz TL property and similarity in Piper nigrum L

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guzman A, S.; Cruz Z, E.; Furetta, C.; Brown, F.; Barboza F, M.

2009-10-01

Quartz is a mineral abundant in nature and can provide information thermoluminescent (TL), and also is located in the mineral fraction of some herbs and spices consumed. It is present the analysis of the TL properties of a sample of natural quartz rock and compared with those obtained from the fraction of Piper nigrum L. poly mineral when they were exposed to 60 Co gamma radiation. The poly minerals of Piper nigrum L. were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, where the quartz was found as a major component. They separated in different particle sizes (10, 53, 74 and 149 μm). The samples were irradiated at relatively low doses (1-500 Gy) and high (0.1-40 kGy) in order to determine the linearity of the TL emission as a function of the dose and the analysis of glow curves. Also there was the fading of the TL signal, the effect of ultra violet light. The reproducibility of the TL signal in the samples indicates that a smaller particle size gives better TL signal. (author)

Electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of TlInS2 single crystals

Science.gov (United States)

El-Nahass, M. M.; Youssef, S. B.; Ali, H. A. M.; Hassan, A.

2011-07-01

TlInS2 single crystals were grown by using Bridgman-Stockbauer technique. Measurements of DC conductivity were carried out in parallel (σ//) and perpendicular (σ⊥) directions to the c-axis over a temperature range from 303 to 463 K. The anisotropic behaviour of the electrical conductivity was also detected. AC conductivity and dielectric measurements were studied as a function of both frequency (102-106 Hz) and temperature (297-375 K). The frequency dependence of the AC conductivity revealed that σac(ω) obeys the universal law: σac(ω) = Aωs. The mechanism of the ac charge transport across the layers of TlInS2 single crystals was referred to the hopping over localized states near the Fermi level in the frequency range >3.5 × 103 Hz. The temperature dependence of σac(ω) for TlInS2 showed that σac is thermally activated process. Both of ɛ1 and ɛ2 decrease by increasing frequency and increase by increasing temperature. Some parameters were calculated as: the density of localized states near the Fermi level NF = 1.5 × 1020 eV-1 cm-3, the average time of charge carrier hoping between localized states τ = 3.79 μs and the average hopping distance R = 6.07 nm.

Spectral measurements of loess TL

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rendell, H.M.; Mann, S.J.; Townsend, P.D.

1988-01-01

Variations in thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves are reported for two loess samples when examined with broad band filters in the range 275-650 nm. Samples show striking differences in bleaching behaviour, when their TL emissions are observed in the u.v., blue, green and yellow spectral regions. The age estimates, given by the equivalent dose (ED) values, differ by up to a factor of two for analyses using the green and u.v. TL signals. These ED values also vary with prolonged room temperature storage between the bleaching and irradiation steps. The anomalies in the bleaching behaviour are interpreted in terms of changes in TL efficiency. The results have major implications for the regeneration method of TL dating for these fine-grained sediments and suggest that reliable dates obtained by it may be fortuitous. (author)

Activation energies from blue- and red-thermoluminescence (TL) of quartz grains and mean lives of trapped electrons related to natural red-TL

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hashimoto, T.; Kojima, M.; Shirai, N.; Ichino, M.

1993-01-01

A three-dimensional representation of thermoluminescence (TL) spectra has been established by employing an image intensifier unit combined with a simple spectrophotometer and a microcomputer. By means of this TL spectrometric system, natural quartz grains could be distinguished as either blue-and/or red-TL ones. In these blue- and red-TL wavelength regions, activation energies from artificially irradiated quartz grains are evaluated using a repeated initial rise method. An apparent difference of activation energies in the two colorations was observed for dune sands presumably originating from different quartz sources. On the other hand, quartz grains extracted from a volcanic ash sediment showed completely similar activation energies in both TL color regions over all temperatures. Subsequently, the kinetic parameters were derived for the naturally occurring red-TL, possessing an apparent single peak around 340 o C, from volcanically originating quartz grains by fitting a theoretical equation to the glow curves, after evaluating activation energies. On the basis of the empirical kinetic parameters, the mean life of trapped electrons relating to a main 340 o C peak has been proved to be 1 million years, and a secondary weak peak around 280 o C in the natural red-TL glow curve has been confirmed. (author)

Conceptualizing and Communicating SoTL: A Framework for the Field

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Janice Miller-Young

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The emerging field of SoTL is an inherently interdisciplinary endeavor which requires embracing a diverse range of research methods and disciplinary differences in world views. This diversity has caused a lack of coherence in its conceptualization and communication, which can be confusing for new scholars. Ongoing debates in the community concern the use of theory and methodology, as well as definitional questions of what constitutes SoTL and the nature of its purpose. This article offers a framework for conceptualizing the field which attempts to broadly delineate the available learning theories underlying and methodologies appropriate to studying teaching and learning, while intending to be hospitable to a broad range of diverse disciplines. Further, the framework illustrates the tacit links between learning theories and methodologies, serving as a guide to potential approaches to SoTL work. The framework is illustrated with example SoTL studies. It is hoped that the framework will help ground future SoTL investigations in appropriate theories and methodologies, and build interdisciplinary communication and understanding in the “trading zone” that is SoTL.

Assessment of FIV-C infection of cats as a function of treatment with the protease inhibitor, TL-3

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de Rozières Sohela

2004-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The protease inhibitor, TL-3, demonstrated broad efficacy in vitro against FIV, HIV and SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus, and exhibited very strong protective effects on early neurologic alterations in the CNS of FIV-PPR infected cats. In this study, we analyzed TL-3 efficacy using a highly pathogenic FIV-C isolate, which causes a severe acute phase immunodeficiency syndrome, with high early mortality rates. Results Twenty cats were infected with uncloned FIV-C and half were treated with TL-3 while the other half were left untreated. Two uninfected cats were used as controls. The general health and the immunological and virological status of the animals was monitored for eight weeks following infection. All infected animals became viremic independent of TL-3 treatment and seven of 20 FIV-C infected animals developed severe immunodepletive disease in conjunction with significantly (p ≤ 0.05 higher viral RNA loads as compared to asymptomatic animals. A marked and progressive increase in CD8+ T lymphocytes in animals surviving acute phase infection was noted, which was not evident in symptomatic animals (p ≤ 0.05. Average viral loads were lower in TL-3 treated animals and of the 6 animals requiring euthanasia, four were from the untreated cohort. At eight weeks post infection, half of the TL-3 treated animals and only one of six untreated animals had viral loads below detection limits. Analysis of protease genes in TL-3 treated animals with higher than average viral loads revealed sequence variations relative to wild type protease. In particular, one mutant, D105G, imparted 5-fold resistance against TL-3 relative to wild type protease. Conclusions The findings indicate that the protease inhibitor, TL-3, when administered orally as a monotherapy, did not prevent viremia in cats infected with high dose FIV-C. However, the modest lowering of viral loads with TL-3 treatment, the greater survival rate in symptomatic animals of

Alpha efficiency under TL and OSL - A subtraction technique using OSL and TL to detect artificial irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zink, A.J.C.; Dabis, S.; Porto, E.; Castaing, J.

2010-01-01

With the development of thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to determine the authenticity of old ceramics, forgers use artificial irradiation by gamma ray to age modern productions. Besides fraudulent action, objects can be exposed to various sources of X-rays (e.g. radiography, security control at airports). For all these reasons, the determination of artificial irradiation is an important topic for dating art objects. The main technique to identify artificial irradiations is the subtraction technique. It is based on the fact that alpha efficiency varies according to the luminescence technique (fine grain, coarse grains, predose, OSL). Having observed a rather significant difference of alpha efficiency for TL and OSL, we propose a new subtraction technique using OSL and TL of fine grains.

Development of low background CsI(Tl) and NaI(Tl) crystals for WIMP search

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Hyun Su [Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750 (Korea, Republic of)

2015-08-17

We have developed low background CsI(Tl) and NaI(Tl) crystals to search for weakly interacting massive particles as well as to verify the origin of the annual modulation signal observed by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment. Extensive studies about the contamination mechanisim of {sup 137}Cs in CsI powder lead to the growth of ultra-low-background CsI(Tl) crystals. Similar approaches for NaI(Tl) crystals have been applied to reduce internal backgrounds to less than 0.5 counts/kg/day/keV. Status and understanding of backgrounds and background reduction in NaI(Tl) crystals will be discussed.

Two anhydrous zeolite X crystal structures, Pd sub 1 sub 8 Tl sub 5 sub 6 Si sub 1 sub 0 sub 0 Al sub 9 sub 2 O sub 3 sub 8 sub 4 and Pd sub 2 sub 1 Tl sub 5 sub 0 Si sub 1 sub 0 sub 0 Al sub 9 sub 2 O sub 3 sub 8 sub 4

CERN Document Server

Yoon, B Y; Lee, S H; Kim, Y

2001-01-01

The crystal structures of fully dehydrated Pd sup 2 sup + - and Tl sup + -exchanged zeolite X, Pd sub 1 sub 8 Tl sub 5 sub 6 Si sub 1 sub 0 sub 0 Al sub 9 sub 2 O sub 3 sub 8 sub 4 (Pd sub 1 sub 8 Tl sub 5 sub 6 X, a = 24.935(4) A) and Pd sub 2 sub 1 Tl sub 5 sub 0 Si sub 1 sub 0 sub 0 Al sub 9 sub 2 O sub 3 sub 8 sub 4 (Pd sub 2 sub 1 Tl sub 5 sub 0 -X, a = 24.914(4) A), have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods in the cubic space group Fd3 at 21(1) .deg. C. The crystals were prepared using an exchange solution that had a Pd(NH sub 3) sub 4 Cl sub 2 : TINO sub 3 mole ratio of 50 : 1 and 200 : 1, respectively, with a total concentration of 0.05 M for 4 days. After dehydration at 360 .deg. C and 2 x 10 sup - sup 6 Torr in flowing oxygen for 2 days, the crystals were evacuated at 21(1) .deg. C for 2 hours. They were refined to the final error indices R sub 1 = 0.045 and R sub 2 = 0.038 with 344 reflections for Pd sub 1 sub 8 Tl sub 5 sub 6 -X, and R sub 1 = 0.043 and R sub 2 = 0.045 with ...

Superdeformation studies in the odd-odd nucleus {sup 192}Tl

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fischer, S.; Carpenter, M.P.; Janssens, R.V.F. [and others

1995-08-01

The study of yrast and near-yrast structures of odd-odd nuclei to high spins is somewhat limited due to the complexity of the spectra resulting from the many proton-neutron couplings near the Fermi surface. In superdeformed nuclei, the number of available protons and neutrons near the Fermi surface is somewhat limited due to the presence of large-shell gaps which stabilize the nuclear shape. A relatively small number of available neutron and proton configurations can lead to fragmentation of the SD intensity into a number of different bands. Two good examples of this phenomenon were found in {sup 192}Tl and {sup 194}Tl where the presence of six superdeformed bands were reported in both nuclei. We reexamined {sup 192}Tl at Gammasphere using the {sup 160}Gd({sup 37}Cl,5n) reaction at 178 MeV to populate states in the superdeformed well of this nucleus. While our previous study on {sup 192}Tl at ATLAS was very successful, a number of questions remained which formed the basis of our objectives in this experiment: obtain better {gamma}-ray energies for the known transitions and identify higher spin members in each band; determine how the bands feed the known yrast states in {sup 192}Tl as well as determine the complete spectrum in coincidence with the SD bands; look for M1 transitions connecting proposed signature partners; and attempt to identify other excitations in the superdeformed well. Analysis is underway and four of the six bands were confirmed. The reasons that two of the reported bands were not observed in this latest work is still under investigation. As of this time, no other superdeformed bands were identified in the data. Two of the confirmed SD bands have a constant moment of inertia and show indications of cross-talk between each other. This observation is not unexpected since the calculated M1 rates for the proposed configuration of the band, {pi}{sub 13/2} x {upsilon}j{sub 15/2}, indicate that M1 transitions linking the two SD bands should be observed.

A Call for Expanding Inclusive Student Engagement in SoTL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peter Felten

2013-09-01

of student-faculty partnerships focused on inquiry into teaching and learning. However, some students tend to be privileged in SoTL initiatives while others are discouraged, implicitly or explicitly, from engaging in this work. In this paper, we consider why certain students tend to be excluded from SoTL, summarize the possible developmental gains made by students and faculty when diverse student voices are included, and highlight strategies for generating a more inclusive SoTL. We call for expanding student engagement in SoTL by encouraging a diversity of student voices to engage in co-inquiry with faculty. Inclusive engagement has tremendous potential to enhance student and faculty learning, to deepen SoTL initiatives, and to help redress the exclusionary practices that too often occur in higher education.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms at erythropoietin, superoxide dismutase 1, splicing factor, arginine/serin-rich 15 and plasmacytoma variant translocation genes association with diabetic nephropathy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maisaa Alwohhaib

2014-01-01

Full Text Available A number of genes have been identified in diabetic nephropathy. Association between diabetes-associated nephropathy and polymorphisms in the erythropoietin (EPO gene, variants in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1 gene and plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1 gene have been identified. The EPO, SOD1:SFRS15 and PVT1 genes were genotyped using the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP technique in 38 diabetic nephropathy patients (Group 1 compared with 64 diabetic type 2 subjects without nephropathy (Group 2 at the Mubarak Alkabeer Hospital, Kuwait. The frequency of the risk allele T of the EPO (rs1617640 gene was high in both groups (0.96 in Group 1 and 0.92 in Group 2. Similarly, SNPs of the PVT1 (rs2720709 gene showed a higher frequency of the risk allele G in both groups (0.70 in the Group 1 and 0.68 in Group 2. Although the frequency of the risk allele A was higher than the frequency of the non-risk allele C of the SOD1:SFRS15 gene in both groups, the lowest probability value was observed in those gene SNPs (P = 0.05. We observed that the A allele of the SOD1:SFRS15 gene (rs17880135 was more frequently present in Group 1 (0.75 compared with Group 2 (0.62. Susceptibility to diabetes-associated nephropathy is partially mediated by genetic predisposition, and screening tests may open the gate for new therapeutic approaches.

DLEU2, frequently deleted in malignancy, functions as a critical host gene of the cell cycle inhibitory microRNAs miR-15a and miR-16-1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lerner, Mikael; Harada, Masako; Loven, Jakob; Castro, Juan; Davis, Zadie; Oscier, David; Henriksson, Marie; Sangfelt, Olle; Grander, Dan; Corcoran, Martin M.

2009-01-01

The microRNAs miR-15a and miR-16-1 are downregulated in multiple tumor types and are frequently deleted in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Despite their abundance in most cells the transcriptional regulation of miR-15a/16-1 remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that the putative tumor suppressor DLEU2 acts as a host gene of these microRNAs. Mature miR-15a/miR-16-1 are produced in a Drosha-dependent process from DLEU2 and binding of the Myc oncoprotein to two alterative DLEU2 promoters represses both the host gene transcript and levels of mature miR-15a/miR-16-1. In line with a functional role for DLEU2 in the expression of the microRNAs, the miR-15a/miR-16-1 locus is retained in four CLL cases that delete both promoters of this gene and expression analysis indicates that this leads to functional loss of mature miR-15a/16-1. We additionally show that DLEU2 negatively regulates the G1 Cyclins E1 and D1 through miR-15a/miR-16-1 and provide evidence that these oncoproteins are subject to miR-15a/miR-16-1-mediated repression under normal conditions. We also demonstrate that DLEU2 overexpression blocks cellular proliferation and inhibits the colony-forming ability of tumor cell lines in a miR-15a/miR-16-1-dependent way. Together the data illuminate how inactivation of DLEU2 promotes cell proliferation and tumor progression through functional loss of miR-15a/miR-16-1.

Applicability of a portable CdTe and NaI (Tl) spectrometer for activity measure; Aplicabilidade de um espectrometro portatil de CdTe e NaI (Tl) para a medida da atividade de Cesio-137 ({sup 137}Cs) e Berilio-7 ({sup 7}Be)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fernandes, Jaquiel Salvi

2005-02-15

In this work it was studied the application of an in situ gamma spectrometer (ROVER) of Amptek Inc., composed by a Cadmium Telluride detector (CdTe) of 3 mm x 3 mm x 1 mm and a 30 mm x 30 mm Sodium Iodide detector doped with Thallium [NaI (Tl)). The radioactive sources used were type pastille, sealed in aluminum and polyethylene, of {sup 241}Am, {sup 133}Ba, {sup 152}Eu, 3 sources of {sup 137}Cs and soil samples contaminated with {sup 137}Cs. It was performed a factorial planning 2{sup 3} to optimize the in situ spectrometry system. This way it was determined that the best temperature for CdTe crystal operation is -22, deg C, with Shaping Time of 3 {mu}S and Rise Time Discrimination (RTD) with value 3. With the help of the certified radioactive sources, we determined the efficiency curve of the two detectors. The CdTe detector was positioned at the standard distance of 1 meter of the sources and also at 4.15 cm. The NaI (Tl) detector was also positioned at the standard distance of 1 meter of the sources and at 2.8 cm. Measures were performed to determine the Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA) for both detectors. For the pastille type sources, the {sup 137}Cs MDA for the CdTe detector at 4.15 cm, analyzing the energy line of 32 keV, was 6 kBq and at 1 meter of the {sup 137}Cs source, analyzing the line of 661.65 keV, the MDA was 67 kBq. For soil samples, CdTe detector at 4.15 cm presented a MDA of 693 kBq.kg-l for the line of 32 keV, and for the soil sample {sup 7}Be content the MDA found was 2867 Bq.kg{sup -1} at 4.15 cm. For the NaI (Tl) detector, analyzing the line of 661.65 keV, the {sup 137}Cs MDA for pastille type source at 1 meter of distance was 7 kBq, and for soil sample at 2.8 cm the measured {sup 137}Cs MDA was 71 Bq.kg{sup -1}. For the soil sample {sup 7}Be content, at 2.8 cm of the Nal (Tl) detector, the obtained MDA was 91 Bq.kg{sup -1}. Due to the minimum detectable activities found for the two detectors, we concluded that the employed in situ gamma

Iron metabolism mutant hbd mice have a deletion in Sec15l1, which has homology to a yeast gene for vesicle docking.

Science.gov (United States)

White, Robert A; Boydston, Leigh A; Brookshier, Terri R; McNulty, Steven G; Nsumu, Ndona N; Brewer, Brandon P; Blackmore, Krista

2005-12-01

Defects in iron absorption and utilization lead to iron deficiency and anemia. While iron transport by transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis is well understood, it is not completely clear how iron is transported from the endosome to the mitochondria where heme is synthesized. We undertook a positional cloning project to identify the causative mutation for the hemoglobin-deficit (hbd) mouse mutant, which suffers from a microcytic, hypochromic anemia apparently due to defective iron transport in the endocytosis cycle. As shown by previous studies, reticulocyte iron accumulation in homozygous hbd/hbd mice is deficient despite normal binding of transferrin to its receptor and normal transferrin uptake in the cell. We have identified a strong candidate gene for hbd, Sec15l1, a homologue to yeast SEC15, which encodes a key protein in vesicle docking. The hbd mice have an exon deletion in Sec15l1, which is the first known mutation of a SEC gene homologue in mammals.

Amplified genes may be overexpressed, unchanged, or downregulated in cervical cancer cell lines.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oscar Vazquez-Mena

Full Text Available Several copy number-altered regions (CNAs have been identified in the genome of cervical cancer, notably, amplifications of 3q and 5p. However, the contribution of copy-number alterations to cervical carcinogenesis is unresolved because genome-wide there exists a lack of correlation between copy-number alterations and gene expression. In this study, we investigated whether CNAs in the cell lines CaLo, CaSki, HeLa, and SiHa were associated with changes in gene expression. On average, 19.2% of the cell-line genomes had CNAs. However, only 2.4% comprised minimal recurrent regions (MRRs common to all the cell lines. Whereas 3q had limited common gains (13%, 5p was entirely duplicated recurrently. Genome-wide, only 15.6% of genes located in CNAs changed gene expression; in contrast, the rate in MRRs was up to 3 times this. Chr 5p was confirmed entirely amplified by FISH; however, maximum 33.5% of the explored genes in 5p were deregulated. In 3q, this rate was 13.4%. Even in 3q26, which had 5 MRRs and 38.7% recurrently gained SNPs, the rate was only 15.1%. Interestingly, up to 19% of deregulated genes in 5p and 73% in 3q26 were downregulated, suggesting additional factors were involved in gene repression. The deregulated genes in 3q and 5p occurred in clusters, suggesting local chromatin factors may also influence gene expression. In regions amplified discontinuously, downregulated genes increased steadily as the number of amplified SNPs increased (p<0.01, Spearman's correlation. Therefore, partial gene amplification may function in silencing gene expression. Additional genes in 1q, 3q and 5p could be involved in cervical carcinogenesis, specifically in apoptosis. These include PARP1 in 1q, TNFSF10 and ECT2 in 3q and CLPTM1L, AHRR, PDCD6, and DAP in 5p. Overall, gene expression and copy-number profiles reveal factors other than gene dosage, like epigenetic or chromatin domains, may influence gene expression within the entirely amplified genome

TL and OSL studies on undoped diamond films grown by hot filament chemical vapor deposition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Soni, Anuj, E-mail: anujsoni.phy@gmail.com [Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085 (India); Choudhary, R.K. [Materials Processing Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085 (India); Polymeris, G.S. [Ankara University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences (Turkey); Mishra, D.R. [Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085 (India); Mishra, P. [Materials Processing Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085 (India); Kulkarni, M.S. [Radiation Safety Systems Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085 (India)

2016-09-15

In this work, approximately 0.5 µm thick diamond films were grown on a silicon substrate by hot filament chemical vapour deposition (HFCVD) method in a gas mixture of hydrogen and methane. The batch to batch reproducibility of the sample using this technique was found to be very good. The obtained film was characterized by micro laser Raman spectroscopy (MLRS), grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry (GIXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force miscroscopy (AFM) techniques. MLRS and GIXRD results confirmed the formation of diamond whereas SEM and AFM analyses indicated uniform morphology of the film with an average grain size of 200 nm. The deposited film was studied for ionizing radiation dosimetry applications using the thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques after irradiating the film by a calibrated 5 mCi, {sup 90}Sr/{sup 90}Y beta source. In the TL measurement, for a heating rate of 4 K/s, broad glow curve was obtained which was deconvoluted into seven TL peaks. The integrated TL counts were found to vary linearly with increasing the radiation dose up to 10 kGy. The characteristic TL output seen in the temperature range 200–300 °C, may be considered good for thermal stability of the film and it could also avoid TL fading during storage and non-interference of any black body radiation during the measurement. However, in comparison to TL output, the OSL response for 470 nm LED stimulation was found to be lesser. The CW–OSL decay curve has shown two components contributing to the OSL signal, having photoionization cross-section 1.5×10{sup −18} and 5.2×10{sup −19} cm{sup 2} respectively. The studies have revealed the possibility of using diamond film for high dose radiation dosimetry with TL/OSL method.

Prolate yrast cascade in 183Tl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reviol, W.; Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Jenkins, D.; Toth, K. S.; Bingham, C. R.; Riedinger, L. L.; Weintraub, W.; Cizewski, J. A.; Lauritsen, T.

2000-01-01

The yrast sequence in 183 Tl has been studied for the first time in recoil-mass selected γ-ray spectroscopic measurements. A rotational-like cascade of seven transitions is established down to the band head with probable spin and parity (13/2 + ). Unlike in the adjacent odd-mass Tl nuclei, prompt γ decay from the yrast band to a lower lying weakly deformed (oblate) structure is not observed. These features are consistent with the predicted drop of the prolate band head in 183 Tl compared to 185 Tl. The implications for the prolate energy minimum in odd-mass Tl nuclei at the neutron i 13/2 midshell (N=103) are discussed. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society

Identification and functional characterization of a solute carrier family 15, member 4 gene in Litopenaeus vannamei.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Yong-Gui; Yuan, Kai; Zhang, Ze-Zhi; Yuan, Feng-Hua; Weng, Shao-Ping; Yue, Hai-Tao; He, Jian-Guo; Chen, Yi-Hong

2016-04-01

Innate immunity in shrimp is important in resisting bacterial infection. The NF-κB pathway is pivotal in such an immune response. This study cloned and functionally characterized the solute carrier family (SLC) 15 member A 4 (LvSLC15A4) gene in Litopenaeus vannamei. The open reading frame of LvSLC15A4 is 1, 902 bp long and encodes a putative 633-amino acid protein, which is localized in the plasma membrane and intracellular vesicular compartments. Results of the reporter gene assay showed that LvSLC15A4 upregulated NF-κB target genes, including the immediate-early gene 1 of white spot syndrome virus, as well as several antimicrobial peptide genes, such as pen4, CecA, AttA, and Mtk in S2 cells. Moreover, knocked-down expression of LvSLC15A4 reduced pen4 expression in L. vannamei. LvSLC15A4 down-regulation also increased the cumulative mortality of Vibrio parahemolyticus-infected L. vannamei. Furthermore, LvSLC15A4 expression was induced by unfolded protein response (UPR) in L. vannamei hematocytes. These results suggest that LvSLC15A4 participates in L. vannamei innate immunity via the NF-κB pathway and thus may be related to UPR. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

X-ray diffraction studies of the Tl(GaS{sub 2}){sub 1–x}(InSe{sub 2}){sub x} solid solutions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sheleg, A. U.; Hurtavy, V. G., E-mail: hurtavy@physics.by; Chumak, V. A. [National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Center (Belarus); Mustafaeva, S. N.; Kerimova, E. M. [Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics (Azerbaijan)

2016-07-15

The unit-cell parameters of crystals obtained in the Tl(GaS{sub 2}){sub 1–x}(InSe{sub 2}){sub x} system are measured by X-ray diffraction. The relationship between these parameters and composition is determined. It is shown that, with growing x, the a, b, and c parameters increase and the β angle decreases. Two types of solid solutions are found in the Tl(GaS{sub 2}){sub 1–x}(InSe{sub 2}){sub x} system: one is based on compound TlGaS{sub 2} with monoclinic structure and the other is based on TlInSe{sub 2} with tetragonal structure.

TL dosimetric properties BAM:EU

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rao, Bellam N.; Murthy, K.V.R.; Subba Rao, B.; Saiprasad, A.S.

2011-01-01

In phosphor area today top priority is the replacement of the high performance but very expensive rare earth activated phosphors with cheaper materials. This essentially means replacing the rare earth ions with transition metal ions or post transition ions. Now a day's phosphors are used in various fields. After World War II, the advances in the optical spectroscopy of solids, especially those of transition metals ions help to evolve research on phosphor and solid state luminescence. In 1960 efficient rare earth activated phosphors were developed for use in color TV (Tb 3+ green, Eu 3+ red, and Dy 3+ yellow). In 1970 tricolor lamp was introduced blue emission from Ce 3+ + Tb 3+ pair was used in tricolor lamps. At present combination of halo phosphor and tri-band phosphor blend is used in many lamp as a compromise between performance, phosphor cost and the lamp making Cost. Thermo luminescence of 0.5 Gy X-ray irradiated BAM.Eu has been studied. The irradiated phosphor has been studied for its TL dosimetric properties one week after irradiation and after 100 weeks of storage. Interesting TL results are reported in the present paper. Heating rate used in the present experiment is 6.6 deg C/Sec. The following two figures are on TL recorded 100 weeks after irradiation and TL recorded after 235 weeks of storage. Before storage for 100 weeks the TL glow curve with a hump around 180 deg C followed by a peak at 273 deg C. After storage for 100 weeks the TL pattern changes entirely. i.e. the composite TL peak structure emerged as two well resolved peaks and with slightly higher TL peak temperatures at 215 deg C and 300 deg C. Normally after storage for 100 weeks the peak at 190 deg C reduces in its intensity or disappears in some cases, instead of that the peak appears at 215 deg C as well resolved peak and its intensity is almost comparable to that of 300 deg C peak. Since the TL phenomenon observed is interesting the two well resolved, isolated, high intensity peaks

Comparative study of A-site order in the lead-free bismuth titanates M1/2Bi1/2TiO3 (M=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ag, Tl) from first-principles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gröting, Melanie; Albe, Karsten

2014-01-01

We investigate the possibility of enhancing chemical order in the relaxor ferroelectric Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 upon substitution of Na + by other monovalent cations M + using total energy calculations based on density functional theory. All chemically available monovalent cations M + , which are Li, Na, Ag, K, Tl, Rb and Cs, are considered and an analysis of the structurally relaxed structures in terms of symmetry-adapted distortion modes is given in order to quantify the chemically induced structural distortions. We demonstrate that the replacement of Na + by other monovalent cations can hardly alter the tendency of chemical order with respect to Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 . Only Tl 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 and Ag 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 show enhanced tendency for chemical ordering. Both heavy metals behave similar to the light alkali metals in terms of structural relaxations and relative stabilities of the ordered configurations. Although a comparison of the Goldschmidt factors of components (M TiO 3 ) − reveals for Tl a value above the upper stability limit for perovskites, the additional lone-pair effect of Tl + stabilizes the ordered structure. - Graphical abstract: Amplitudes of chemically induced distortion modes in different ordered perovskites M 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 and visualisation of atomic displacements associated with distortion mode X + 1 in the 001-ordered compounds Li 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 and Cs 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 . Due to a substantial size mismatch between bismuth (green) and caesium (dark blue), incorporation of the latter leads to enhanced displacements of oxygen atoms (red) and suppresses displacements of titanium (silver) as compared to lithium (light blue) or other smaller monovalent cations. - Highlights: • Lead-free A-site mixed bismuth titanates M 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 are studied by first-principles calculations. • Investigation of chemical ordering tendency for M=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ag, and Tl. • Group theoretical analysis of different ordered structures. • Ag and Tl

Studies on derivatives of bat chelates labelled with 67Ca, 113mIn and 201Tl: Pt. 1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meng Min; Jin Yutai; Liu Boli; Zhu Lin

1989-01-01

The use of 3, 3, 10, 10-tetraethy 1-1, 2-dithio-5, 8-diazacyclodecane (BAT-TE) and 3, 3, 6, 6, 10, 10-hexamethyl-1, 2-dithio-5, 8-diazacy-clodecane (BAT-HM) as new ligands for the preparation of M-BAT-TE (M = Ca 3+ , In 3+ ) and M-BAT-HM (M = Ca 3+ , In 3+ , Tl 3+ ) were investigated. The chelating reactions with high labelling yield are fairly simple and rapid. The biodistribution of BAT derivative chelates in mice exhibited considerable myocardial uptake and good selectivity. Slow washout in heart and high heart-to-blood ratios were observed during the period from 2 min to 30 min after intravenous injection. Based on these experimental results, M-BAT-TE (M = Ca 3+ , In 3+ ) and M-BAT-HM (M = Ca 3+ , IN 3+ , Tl 3+ ) are considered as potential myocardial imaging agents, and particularly Tl-BAT-HM is likely a promising imaging agent

Development of tailor-made silica fibres for TL dosimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bradley, D.A.; Abdul Sani, Siti F.; Alalawi, Amani I.; Jafari, S.M.; Noor, Noramaliza M.; Hairul Azhar, A.R.; Mahdiraji, Ghafour Amouzad; Tamchek, Nizam; Ghosh, S.; Paul, M.C.; Alzimami, Khalid S.; Nisbet, A.; Maah, M.J.

2014-01-01

The Ge dopant in commercially available silica optical fibres gives rise to appreciable thermoluminscence (TL), weight-for-weight offering sensitivity to MV X-rays several times that of the LiF dosimeter TLD100. The response of these fibres to UV radiation, X-rays, electrons, protons, neutrons and alpha particles, with doses from a fraction of 1 Gy up to 10 kGy, have stimulated further investigation of the magnitude of the TL signal for intrinsic and doped SiO 2 fibres. We represent a consortium effort between Malaysian partners and the University of Surrey, aimed at production of silica fibres with specific TL dosimetry applications, utilizing modified chemical vapour deposition (MCVD) doped silica–glass production and fibre-pulling facilities. The work is informed by defect and dopant concentration and various production dependences including pulling parameters such as temperature, speed and tension; the fibres also provide for spatial resolutions down to <10 µm, confronting many limitations faced in use of conventional (TL) dosimetry. Early results are shown for high spatial resolution (∼0.1 mm) single-core Ge-doped TL sensors, suited to radiotherapy applications. Preliminary results are also shown for undoped flat optical fibres of mm dimensions and Ge-B doped flat optical fibres of sub-mm dimensions, with potential for measurement of doses in medical diagnostic applications. - Highlights: • Optical fibres tailor-made for TL dosimetry. • Sensitive to diagnostic as well as therapy doses in medicine. • Preform and fibre pulling facilities. • Relative TL and EPR measurements

Syntheses, crystal structures, and characterization of two new Tl{sup +}-Cu{sup 2+}-Te{sup 6+} oxides: Tl{sub 4}CuTeO{sub 6} and Tl{sub 6}CuTe{sub 2}O{sub 10}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yeon, Jeongho; Kim, Sang-Hwan [Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 136 Fleming Building, Houston, TX 77204-5003 (United States); Green, Mark A. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742-2115 and NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standard and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-6103 (United States); Bhatti, Kanwal Preet; Leighton, C. [Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0132 (United States); Shiv Halasyamani, P., E-mail: psh@uh.edu [Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 136 Fleming Building, Houston, TX 77204-5003 (United States)

2012-12-15

Crystals and polycrystalline powders of two new oxide materials, Tl{sub 4}CuTeO{sub 6} and Tl{sub 6}CuTe{sub 2}O{sub 10}, have been synthesized by hydrothermal and solid-state methods. The materials were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Tl{sub 4}CuTeO{sub 6} and Tl{sub 6}CuTe{sub 2}O{sub 10} exhibit one dimensional anionic slabs of [CuTeO{sub 6}]{sup 4-} and [CuTe{sub 2}O{sub 10}]{sup 6-}, respectively. Common to both slabs is the occurrence of Cu{sup 2+}O{sub 4} distorted squares and Te{sup 6+}O{sub 6} octahedra. The slabs are separated by Tl{sup +} cations. For Tl{sub 4}CuTeO{sub 6}, magnetic measurements indicate a maximum at {approx}8 K in the temperature dependence of the susceptibility. Low temperature neutron diffraction data confirm no long-range magnetic ordering occurs and the susceptibility was adequately accounted for by fits to a Heisenberg alternating chain model. For Tl{sub 6}CuTe{sub 2}O{sub 10} on the other hand, magnetic measurements revealed paramagnetism with no evidence of long-range magnetic ordering. Infrared, UV-vis spectra, thermogravimetric, and differential thermal analyses are also reported. Crystal data: Tl{sub 4}CuTeO{sub 6}, Triclinic, space group P-1 (No. 2), a=5.8629(8) A, b=8.7848(11) A, c=9.2572(12) A, {alpha}=66.0460(10), {beta}=74.2010(10), {gamma}=79.254(2), V=417.70(9) A{sup 3}, and Z=2; Tl{sub 6}CuTe{sub 2}O{sub 10}, orthorhombic, space group Pnma (No. 62), a=10.8628(6) A, b=11.4962(7) A, c=10.7238(6) A, V=1339.20(13) A{sup 3}, and Z=4. - Graphical Abstract: Two new oxide materials, Tl{sub 4}CuTeO{sub 6} and Tl{sub 6}CuTe{sub 2}O{sub 10}, have been synthesized and characterized. The materials exhibit one dimensional crystal structures consisting of CuO{sub 4} and TeO{sub 6} polyhedra. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Two New Tl-Te-Cu-oxides have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer For Tl{sub 4}CuTeO{sub 6}, magnetic measurements indicate a

Thallium contamination in arable soils and vegetables around a steel plant-A newly-found significant source of Tl pollution in South China.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Juan; Luo, Xuwen; Wang, Jin; Xiao, Tangfu; Chen, Diyun; Sheng, Guodong; Yin, Meiling; Lippold, Holger; Wang, Chunlin; Chen, Yongheng

2017-05-01

Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic rare element. Severe Tl poisoning can cause neurological brain damage or even death. The present study was designed to investigate contents of Tl and other associated heavy metals in arable soils and twelve common vegetables cultivated around a steel plant in South China, a newly-found initiator of Tl pollution. Potential health risks of these metals to exposed population via consumption of vegetables were examined by calculating hazard quotients (HQ). The soils showed a significant contamination with Tl at a mean concentration of 1.34 mg/kg. The Tl levels in most vegetables (such as leaf lettuce, chard and pak choy) surpassed the maximum permissible level (0.5 mg/kg) according to the environmental quality standards for food in Germany. Vegetables like leaf lettuce, chard, pak choy, romaine lettuce and Indian beans all exhibited bioconcentration factors (BCF) and transfer factors (TF) for Tl higher than 1, indicating a hyperaccumulation of Tl in these plants. Although the elevated Tl levels in the vegetables at present will not immediately pose significant non-carcinogenic health risks to residents, it highlights the necessity of a permanent monitoring of Tl contamination in the steel-making areas. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Systems Tl2MoO4-E(MoO4)2, where E=Zr or Hf, and the crystal structure of Tl8Hf(MoO4)6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bazarov, B.G.; Bazarova, Ts.T.; Fedorov, K.N.; Bazarova, Zh.G.; Chimitova, O.D.; Klevtsova, R.F.; Glinskaya, L.A.

2006-01-01

Systems Tl 2 MoO 4 -E(MoO 4 ) 2 (E=Zr, Hf) were studied by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and IR spectroscopy. Formation of Tl 8 E(MoO 4 ) 6 and Tl 2 E(MoO 4 ) 2 compounds was established. Phase T-x diagrams of the Tl 2 MoO 4 -Zr(MoO 4 ) 2 system were constructed. Monocrystals were grown, and structure of Tl 8 Hf(MoO 4 ) 6 was studied. The compound is crystallized in monoclinic syngony with elementary cell parameters a=9.9688(6), b=18.830(1), c=7.8488(5) A, β=108.538(1) Deg, Z=2, sp. gr. C2/m. The isolated group [HfMo 6 O 24 ] 8- is responsible for fundamental fragment of the structure. Three varieties of crystallographically independent Tl-polyhedra fill space evenly between fragments [HfMo 6 O 24 ] 8- forming three-dimensional form [ru

MR imaging of the prostate at 3 Tesla: comparison of an external phased-array coil to imaging with an endorectal coil at 1.5 Tesla.

Science.gov (United States)

Sosna, Jacob; Pedrosa, Ivan; Dewolf, William C; Mahallati, Houman; Lenkinski, Robert E; Rofsky, Neil M

2004-08-01

To qualitatively compare the image quality of torso phased-array 3-Tesla (3T) imaging of the prostate with that of endorectal 1.5-Tesla imaging. Twenty cases of torso phased-array prostate imaging performed at 3-Tesla with FSE T2 weighted images were evaluated by two readers independently for visualization of the posterior border (PB), seminal vesicles (SV), neurovascular bundles (NVB), and image quality rating (IQR). Studies were performed at large fields of view(FOV) (25 cm) (14 cases) (3TL) and smaller FOV (14 cm) (19 cases) (3TS). A comparison was made to 20 consecutive cases of 1.5-T endorectal evaluation performed during the same time period.Results. 3TL produced a significantly better image quality compared with the small FOV for PB (P = .0001), SV (P =.0001), and IQR (P = .0001). There was a marginally significant difference within the NVB category (P = .0535). 3TL produced an image of similar quality to image quality at 1.5 T for PB (P = .3893), SV (P = .8680), NB (P = .2684), and IQR (P = .8599). Prostate image quality at 3T with a torso phased-array coil can be comparable with that of endorectal 1.5-T imaging. These findings suggest that additional options are now available for magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate gland.

Emergence of topological and topological crystalline phases in TlBiS2 and TlSbS2

KAUST Repository

Zhang, Qingyun

2015-02-11

Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the band structure evolution and topological phase transitions in TlBiS2 and TlSbS2 under hydrostatic pressure as well as uniaxial and biaxial strain. The phase transitions are identified by parity analysis and by calculating the surface states. Zero, one, and four Dirac cones are found for the (111) surfaces of both TlBiS2 and TlSbS2 when the pressure grows, which confirms trivial-nontrivial-trivial phase transitions. The Dirac cones at the (M) over bar points are anisotropic with large out-of-plane component. TlBiS2 shows normal, topological, and topological crystalline insulator phases under hydrostatic pressure, thus being the first compound to exhibit a phase transition from a topological to a topological crystalline insulator.

Emergence of topological and topological crystalline phases in TlBiS2 and TlSbS2

KAUST Repository

Zhang, Qingyun; Cheng, Yingchun; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo

2015-01-01

Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the band structure evolution and topological phase transitions in TlBiS2 and TlSbS2 under hydrostatic pressure as well as uniaxial and biaxial strain. The phase transitions are identified by parity analysis and by calculating the surface states. Zero, one, and four Dirac cones are found for the (111) surfaces of both TlBiS2 and TlSbS2 when the pressure grows, which confirms trivial-nontrivial-trivial phase transitions. The Dirac cones at the (M) over bar points are anisotropic with large out-of-plane component. TlBiS2 shows normal, topological, and topological crystalline insulator phases under hydrostatic pressure, thus being the first compound to exhibit a phase transition from a topological to a topological crystalline insulator.

Formation pathways in the synthesis and properties of (Tl0.5Pb0.5)(Sr0.9Ba0.1)2Ca2Cu3Oz and (Tl0.5Pb0.5)(Sr0.8Ba0.2)2Ca2Cu3Oz-1223 superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Auinger, M; Gritzner, G; Bertrand, Ch; Galez, Ph; Soubeyroux, J-L

2007-01-01

The formation pathway of (Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 )(Sr 0.9 Ba 0.1 ) 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O z and (Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 )(Sr 0.8 Ba 0.2 ) 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O z was studied by neutron and x-ray diffraction. The following reaction pathway was proposed: thallium oxide and lead oxide react with Sr-rich (Sr 1-x Ca x )CuO 2 and Ca-rich (Ca x Sr 1-x )O to form Sr 4 Tl 2 O 7 and (Ca x Sr 1-x )PbO 3 , respectively. The thallate and the plumbate compounds then form the (Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 )-1212 phase starting at a temperature of 600 deg. C. Finally, between 850 and 900 deg. C, the 1223 phase is formed from (Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 )-1212 (Ca x Sr 1-x ) 2 CuO 3 and CuO. Parallel experiments to fabricate the (Tl, Pb)-1223 superconductor resulted in specimens with critical temperatures of 117.5 K and 116 K, respectively, and transition widths of 2 K. Differences between the pathways for the formation of Pb-doped, Sr-rich and Pb-free, Ba-rich Tl-1223 superconductors are discussed

Improvements in the Tl dosimetry for Radiotherapy; Mejoras en la dosimetria Tl para Radioterapia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bustos, S.; Velez, G.; Rubio, M. [CEPROCOR. Arenales 230 Juniors Cordoba 5000 (Argentina)

1998-12-31

The thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) in vivo has been demonstrated to be one of the most reliable for the control of radiotherapeutic treatments, but the delay in the response is the main disadvantage in its applicability. In this work are presented important improvements and it is demonstrated that maintaining the accuracy and reliability of the technique, it is possible to accelerate the response times at a few hours. To realize this work is utilized a lecturer Harshaw 4000, dosemeters LiF-TLD-100 chips (3.1 x 3.1 x 0.89 mm{sup 3}) and rods (1 x 1 x 6 mm{sup 3}). With the implementation of a glow curve analysis program developed in CIEMAT, its obtained a Tl peaks separation in such manner rapid and accurate, by that the thermal treatment of dosemeters may be reduced at one unique annealing pre-irradiation for 1 hr at 400 Centigrade. It is realized a periodical and individual calibration of the TLD and a study of the factors which influencing the ratio Tl signal-dose as linearity, correction by energy, directional response and pride of Tl signal. the results of this study are introducing in a calculation list specially designed and which allows to obtain absorbed dose by TLD starting of the dates (dosimetric peaks area) which appear of the glow curves analysis. The dose is obtained with an accuracy less than 5 %. The dosemeters already irradiated (in vivo) are analysed and informed in only four hours, allowing a greater control of the treatment and a correction of the possible errors for the next session, still in bi fractional treatments. The method implemented results thus accurate, rapid and reliable. (Author)

DELETION AND 5'CPG ISLAND METHYLATION OF p15 GENE IN BRAIN GLIOMA

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2000-01-01

Objective: To investigate the abnormality of p15 gene in brain glioma and the correlation of it with occurrence or malignant progression of brain glioma. Methods: Deletion and 5'CPG island methylation of p15 gene were detected by the methods of PCR and PCR-based methylation in 56 cases of brain glioma. Results: Out of 43 cases of high grade glioma, 14 cases were found to have homozygous deletion of p15E1, while none of the 13 cases of low grade glioma was found to have deletion of p15E1 (P<0.05). Methylation of 5'CPG Island of p15 gene was found only in four cases of glioma. Conclusion: Abnormality of p15 gene may involved in the occurrence and malignant progression of brain glioma. Homozygous deletion of gene is the major mechanism of inactivation for p15 gene in brain glioma.

Development of low-background CsI(Tl) crystals for WIMP search

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, H.S.; Bhang, H.; Hahn, I.S.; Hwang, M.J.; Kim, H.J.; Kim, S.C.; Kim, S.K.; Kim, S.Y.; Kim, T.Y.; Kim, Y.D.; Kwak, J.W.; Kwon, Y.J.; Lee, J.; Lee, J.I.; Lee, M.J.; Li, J.; Myung, S.S.; Park, H.; Zhu, J.J.

2007-01-01

Search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) is being carried out at the underground laboratory, Yangyang, Korea. Characteristics and internal background of CsI(Tl) crystal have been investigated. In our extensive R and D, we reduced internal background in the CsI(Tl) crystal. With the latest, we have achieved 5.50+/-0.10cpd (counts/keV/kg/day) at 10-15keV low-energy region. Further reduction of internal background is foreseen with the CsI powder lately produced

Difference in 201TlCl accumulation mechanism in brain tumors. A comparison of their Na+-K+ ATPase activities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sugo, Nobuo; Kuroki, Takao; Nemoto, Masaaki; Mito, Toshiaki; Seiki, Yoshikatsu; Shibata, Iekado

2000-01-01

The accumulation levels of 201 TlCl and Na + -K + ATPase activity in tumor tissue were compared among glioblastoma, benign glioma and meningioma to study the difference in the mechanism of 201 TlCl accumulation. The subjects were 19 cases comprised of 6 glioblastoma, 2 oligodendroglioma, 1 fibrillary astrocytoma, 1 pilocytic astrocytoma and 9 meningioma. Preoperative 201 TlCl SPECT was performed in all the cases, and Thallium Index (TL index) was calculated by a ratio of 201 TlCl in the tumor area and the contralateral area. In addition, cell membrane was extracted from the tumor tissue collected intraoperatively to determine Na + -K + ATPase activity. No statistically significant difference in TL index was noted between the glioblastoma group (6.97±2.67) and the meningioma group (5.87±1.99). This fact showed that there was no difference in the accumulation level of 201 TlCl between the two groups. On the other hand, the glioblastoma group indicated a higher value of Na + -K + ATPase activity (49.13±43.76 μmole/hour/mg protein) than the meningioma group (7.73±13.84 μmol/hour/mg protein) (p + -K + ATPase activity in 201 TlCl accumulation in glioblastoma and the influences of other accumulation mechanism than Na + -K + ATPase activity such as the volume of intratumoral vascular bed in meningioma. (author)

Data of expression status of miR- 29a and its putative target mitochondrial apoptosis regulatory gene DRP1 upon miR-15a and miR-214 inhibition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammad Ishtiaq Jan

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Data is about the mitochondrial apoptosis regulatory framework genes PUMA, DRP1 (apoptotic, and ARC (anti-apoptotic analysis after the employment of their controlling miRNAs inhibitors. The data represents putative conserved targeting of seed regions of miR-15a, miR-29a, and miR-214 with respective target genes PUMA, DRP1, and ARC. Data is of cross interference in expression levels of one miRNA family, miR-29a and its putative target DRP1 upon the inhibitory treatment of other miRNAs 15a and 214. Keywords: DRP1, miR-15a, Apoptosis, miRNAs inhibition

Study of 207Tl126 Produced in Deep-Inelastic Reactions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wilson E.

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Deep-inelastic collisions of a 208Pb beam on a 208Pb target were performed using the ATLAS accelerator at Argonne National Laboratory. The Gammasphere detector array was used for the detection of prompt and delayed gamma-rays of the reaction products.207Tl is one proton away from the 208Pb doubly-magic nucleus. Its low-energy level structure is dominated by the single proton-hole states πs1/2−1, πd3/2−1 and πh11/2−1. The 11/2− state is isomeric with T1/2 = 1.33(11 s. The reaction partner of 207Tl is 209Bi, which has arelatively well established level scheme compared to 207Tl. Cross-coincidences between these two nuclei were used to confirm or establish levels above the 11/2− isomeric state in 207Tl. These states are obtained via breaking of the neutron core. Angular correlation analysis was performed on known transitions in 208Pb, proving the applicability of this method for multipolarity assignment.

Osteocytes, not Osteoblasts or Lining Cells, are the Main Source of the RANKL Required for Osteoclast Formation in Remodeling Bone.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jinhu Xiong

Full Text Available The cytokine receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL, encoded by the Tnfsf11 gene, is essential for osteoclastogenesis and previous studies have shown that deletion of the Tnfsf11 gene using a Dmp1-Cre transgene reduces osteoclast formation in cancellous bone by more than 70%. However, the Dmp1-Cre transgene used in those studies leads to recombination in osteocytes, osteoblasts, and lining cells making it unclear whether one or more of these cell types produce the RANKL required for osteoclast formation in cancellous bone. Because osteoblasts, osteocytes, and lining cells have distinct locations and functions, distinguishing which of these cell types are sources of RANKL is essential for understanding the orchestration of bone remodeling. To distinguish between these possibilities, we have now created transgenic mice expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of regulatory elements of the Sost gene, which is expressed in osteocytes but not osteoblasts or lining cells in murine bone. Activity of the Sost-Cre transgene in osteocytes, but not osteoblast or lining cells, was confirmed by crossing Sost-Cre transgenic mice with tdTomato and R26R Cre-reporter mice, which express tdTomato fluorescent protein or LacZ, respectively, only in cells expressing the Cre recombinase or their descendants. Deletion of the Tnfsf11 gene in Sost-Cre mice led to a threefold decrease in osteoclast number in cancellous bone and increased cancellous bone mass, mimicking the skeletal phenotype of mice in which the Tnfsf11 gene was deleted using the Dmp1-Cre transgene. These results demonstrate that osteocytes, not osteoblasts or lining cells, are the main source of the RANKL required for osteoclast formation in remodeling cancellous bone.

Clinical application of 201Tl scintigraphy in patients with cold thyroid nodules

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tonami, N.; Bunko, H.; Michigishi, T.; Kuwajima, A.; Hisada, K.

1978-01-01

201 Tl-chloride scintigraphy was performed in 45 patients with cold thyroid nodules. The 201 Tl scintigram was positive in 17 of 18 thyroid patients with cancer (94.4%), 8 of 20 patients with an adenoma (40.0%), 1 of 2 adenomatous goiter patients (50.5%), and all of 5 cases of chronic thyroiditis (100.0%). When the cold nodule was demonstrated to be positive with 201 Tl, the statistical chance of the lesion being a cellular one was 100.0% and a risk of its malignancy was 54.8%. On the other hand, the nodule with negative 201 Tl concentration had a 14.3% chance of cellularity and a 7.1% risk of malignancy. Thus, 201 Tl scintigraphy is of use in the differential diagnosis of the cold thyroid nodule

A preliminary study of landslide gouge dating by TL technique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fengju, Ji; Jianping, Li [Inst. of Geology, National Seismological Bereau, Beijing (China); Mingda, Liu [Inst. of Crustal Dynamics, SSB, Beijing (China)

1993-04-01

The key to date slipping of landslide by TL method is whether the temperature and pressure caused by slipping can lead the original TL to 'zero'for some minerals within the slipping band. For this purpose, the simulated experiments under different temperature-pressure were made and the TL annealing effect of landslide gouge was studied. The results show that the frictional heating caused during slipping is a main factor leading the mineral's TL to decrease on the slip plane and that increment of temperature is in close relation with strength of shear stress, thickness of landslide gouge and amount of displacement. As an example, the slipping age of a paleo-landslide at Huangtupo, Hubei Province, has been dated to be about 140 ka.

Phase diagrams of novel Tl{sub 4}SnSe{sub 4}–TlSbSe{sub 2}–Tl{sub 2}SnSe{sub 3} quasi-ternary system following DTA and X-ray diffraction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barchiy, I.E.; Tatzkar, A.R. [Department of Chemistry, Uzhgorod National University, Pidgirna St., 46, Uzhgorod 88000 (Ukraine); Fedorchuk, A.O. [Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, Pekarska St., 50, Lviv 79010 (Ukraine); Plucinski, K., E-mail: kpluc2006@wp.pl [Electronics Department, Military University Technology, Warsaw, Kaliskiego 2, Warsaw 00-908 (Poland)

2016-06-25

Phase relation in the Tl{sub 4}SnSe{sub 4}–TlSbSe{sub 2}–Tl{sub 2}SnSe{sub 3} quasiternary system were studied by the DTA and X-ray diffraction in combination with mathematical modeling. The phase diagrams of the Tl{sub 4}SnSe{sub 4}–TlSbSe{sub 2} and Tl{sub 2}SnSe{sub 3}–TlSbSe{sub 2} systems, the perspective views of the phase interaction in the ternary system, the liquidus surface projection, the isothermal section at 423 K were built for the first time. The Tl{sub 4}SnSe{sub 4}–TlSbSe{sub 2}–Tl{sub 2}SnSe{sub 3} system is of the invariant eutectic type and is characterized by the formation of limited solid solutions following initial ternary compounds. New complex compounds are not formed. - Highlights: • Two Tl{sub 4}SnSe{sub 4}–TlSbSe{sub 2},Tl{sub 2}SnSe{sub 3}–TlSbSe{sub 2} systems were explored. • Invariant processes in the ternary system were determined. • New complex compounds were not observed in ternary system.

Prediction of half-metallic properties in TlCrS{sub 2} and TlCrSe{sub 2} based on density functional theory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hashimzade, F.M.; Huseinova, D.A. [Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, AZ 1143 Baku (Azerbaijan); Jahangirli, Z.A. [Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, AZ 1143 Baku (Azerbaijan); Institute of Radiation Problems, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, AZ 1143 Baku (Azerbaijan); Mehdiyev, B.H., E-mail: bachschi@yahoo.de [Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, AZ 1143 Baku (Azerbaijan)

2017-08-01

Highlights: • Half-metallic properties of TlCrS2, TlCrSe2 and hypothetical TlCrSSe have been investigated by first-principles all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbital (FP-LAPW+lo) method based on density functional theory (DFT). • Total magnetic moment keeps its integer value on a relatively wide range of changes in volume (−10% ÷ 10%) for TlCrS2 and TlCrSSe, while total magnetic moment TlCrSe2 decreases with increasing volume, approaching to integer value 3 μB. • The states at the Fermi level in the case of spin-up channel consist of a hybridization of p-states of the atom S(Se) with d-states of Cr. - Abstract: Half-metallic properties of TlCrS{sub 2}, TlCrSe{sub 2} and hypothetical TlCrSSe have been investigated by first-principles all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbital (FP-LAPW+lo) method based on density functional theory (DFT). The results of calculations show that TlCrS{sub 2} and TlCrSSe are half-metals with energy gap (E{sub g}) ∼0.12 eV for spin-down channel. Strong hybridization of p-state of chalchogen and d-state of Cr leads to bonding and antibonding states and subsequently to the appearance of a gap in spin-down channel of TlCrS{sub 2} and TlCrSSe. In the case of TlCrSe{sub 2}, there is a partial hybridization and p-state is partially present in the DOS at Fermi level making this compound nearly half-metallic. The present calculations revealed that total magnetic moment keeps its integer value on a relatively wide range of changes in volume (−10% ÷ 10%) for TlCrS{sub 2} and TlCrSSe, while total magnetic moment of TlCrSe{sub 2} decreases with increasing volume approaching to integer value 3 μB.

The comparison of nitroglycerin interventional dual-isotope myocardium perfusion imaging and 201Tl re-injection imaging to detect viable myocardium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao Zhou; Shi yu; Chen Hongyan; Jia Shaowei

2002-01-01

Objective: Employing the differences in physical properties of 99m Tc-MIBI and 201 Tl, the authors discuss the contrast result of nitroglycerin interventional dual-isotope myocardium perfusion imaging and 201 Tl re-injection imaging to detect viable myocardium so that authors can enhance the image quality and shorten the examination time. Method: 34 OMI patients took the 99m Tc-MIBI and 201 Tl dual-isotope myocardium perfusion imaging and 201 Tl re-injection imaging respectively in two weeks. During the peak of normal dipyridamole stress i.v. 201 Tl 100 MBq was given and myocardium imaging was taken 15 min later. The dual-isotope group was given nitroglycerin 1mg under the tongue. Five min later, i.v. 99m Tc-MIBI 1110 mBq was given. In 201 Tl re-injection group i.v. 201 Tl 40 MBq was given 4 hour later and were imaged. Among the 34 OMI patients, 19 patients undertook another 99m Tc-MIBI static imaging. Results: There are no obvious differences between nitroglycerin interventional dual-isotope myocardium perfusion imaging and 201 Tl re-injection imaging in detection rate of viable myocardium, χ 2 =0.823, p>0.25. But they have great difference in perfusion changed sectional myocardium absorb rate, t=2.73, p 2 =27.867, p 201 Tl re-injection imaging

LIGHT/TNFSF14 is increased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and promotes islet cell dysfunction and endothelial cell inflammation in vitro.

Science.gov (United States)

Halvorsen, Bente; Santilli, Francesca; Scholz, Hanne; Sahraoui, Afaf; Gulseth, Hanne L; Wium, Cecilie; Lattanzio, Stefano; Formoso, Gloria; Di Fulvio, Patrizia; Otterdal, Kari; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Holven, Kirsten B; Gregersen, Ida; Stavik, Benedicte; Bjerkeli, Vigdis; Michelsen, Annika E; Ueland, Thor; Liani, Rossella; Davi, Giovanni; Aukrust, Pål

2016-10-01

Activation of inflammatory pathways is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. On the basis of its role in vascular inflammation and in metabolic disorders, we hypothesised that the TNF superfamily (TNFSF) member 14 (LIGHT/TNFSF14) could be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Plasma levels of LIGHT were measured in two cohorts of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (191 Italian and 40 Norwegian). Human pancreatic islet cells and arterial endothelial cells were used to explore regulation and relevant effects of LIGHT in vitro. Our major findings were: (1) in both diabetic cohorts, plasma levels of LIGHT were significantly raised compared with sex- and age-matched healthy controls (n = 32); (2) enhanced release from activated platelets seems to be an important contributor to the raised LIGHT levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus; (3) in human pancreatic islet cells, inflammatory cytokines increased the release of LIGHT and upregulated mRNA and protein levels of the LIGHT receptors lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) and TNF receptor superfamily member 14 (HVEM/TNFRSF14); (4) in these cells, LIGHT attenuated the insulin release in response to high glucose at least partly via pro-apoptotic effects; and (5) in human arterial endothelial cells, glucose boosted inflammatory response to LIGHT, accompanied by an upregulation of mRNA levels of HVEM (also known as TNFRSF14) and LTβR (also known as LTBR). Our findings show that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are characterised by increased plasma LIGHT levels. Our in vitro findings suggest that LIGHT may contribute to the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus by attenuating insulin secretion in pancreatic islet cells and by contributing to vascular inflammation.

Code-Switching to Know a TL Equivalent of an L1 Word: Request-Provision-Acknowledgement (RPA) Sequence

Science.gov (United States)

Lucero, Edgar

2011-01-01

This article focuses on the learner's use of Code-switching to learn the TL (Target Language) equivalent of an L1 word. The interactional pattern that this situation creates defines the Request-Provision-Acknowledgement (RPA) sequence. The article explains each of the turns of the sequence under the combination of the Ethnomethodological…

A comparative study between OSL and TL techniques for the dating of ancient chinese bricks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leung, P.L.; Li, M.; Tang Qiang; Zhang Chunxiang

2004-01-01

The single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol to the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) was applied to measure the paleodose of ancient Chinese bricks with an age range from 180 to 1600 years. In the protocol, sensitivity changes can be corrected by using OSL response to a fixed test dose during measurement. For comparative study between OSL and TL, thermoluminescence (TL) measurement procedures were also applied to determine the paleodose of the bricks. Both results of OSL and TL are in good agreement with, and the paleodose ratios (De OSL /De TL ) are between 0.96 and 1.21, with a mean value of 1.08 ± 0.07. The annual dose of the bricks, estimated by the paleodoses and the known ages, ranges from 5.07 to 6.85 mGy/a, comparable with the measured annual dose values. Therefore, it is concluded that the SAR protocol is a rapid and effective OSL technique to authenticate Chinese bricks. (authors)

Estimating distribution parameters of annual maximum streamflows in Johor, Malaysia using TL-moments approach

Science.gov (United States)

Mat Jan, Nur Amalina; Shabri, Ani

2017-01-01

TL-moments approach has been used in an analysis to identify the best-fitting distributions to represent the annual series of maximum streamflow data over seven stations in Johor, Malaysia. The TL-moments with different trimming values are used to estimate the parameter of the selected distributions namely: Three-parameter lognormal (LN3) and Pearson Type III (P3) distribution. The main objective of this study is to derive the TL-moments ( t 1,0), t 1 = 1,2,3,4 methods for LN3 and P3 distributions. The performance of TL-moments ( t 1,0), t 1 = 1,2,3,4 was compared with L-moments through Monte Carlo simulation and streamflow data over a station in Johor, Malaysia. The absolute error is used to test the influence of TL-moments methods on estimated probability distribution functions. From the cases in this study, the results show that TL-moments with four trimmed smallest values from the conceptual sample (TL-moments [4, 0]) of LN3 distribution was the most appropriate in most of the stations of the annual maximum streamflow series in Johor, Malaysia.

NaI(Tl) electron energy resolution

CERN Document Server

Mengesha, W

2002-01-01

NaI(Tl) electron energy resolution eta sub e was measured using the Modified Compton Coincidence Technique (MCCT). The MCCT allowed detection of nearly monoenergetic internal electrons resulting from the scattering of incident 662 keV gamma rays within a primary NaI(Tl) detector. Scattered gamma rays were detected using a secondary HPGe detector in a coincidence mode. Measurements were carried out for electron energies ranging from 16 to 438 keV, by varying the scattering angle. Measured HPGe coincidence spectra were deconvolved to determine the scattered energy spectra from the NaI(Tl) detector. Subsequently, the NaI(Tl) electron energy spectra were determined by subtracting the energy of scattered spectra from the incident source energy (662 keV). Using chi-squared minimization, iterative deconvolution of the internal electron energy spectra from the measured NaI(Tl) spectra was then used to determine eta sub e at the electron energy of interest. eta sub e values determined using this technique represent va...

Whole-genome expression analyses of type 2 diabetes in human skin reveal altered immune function and burden of infection.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Chun; Chen, Xiaopan; Shu, Jing; Lee, Chun-Ting

2017-05-23

Skin disorders are among most common complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although T2DM patients are known to have increased risk of infections and other T2DM-related skin disorders, their molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. This study aims to identify dysregulated genes and gene networks that are associated with T2DM in human skin. We compared the expression profiles of 56,318 transcribed genes on 74 T2DM cases and 148 gender- age-, and race-matched non-diabetes controls from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. RNA-Sequencing data indicates that diabetic skin is characterized by increased expression of genes that are related to immune responses (CCL20, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL13, and CCL18), JAK/STAT signaling pathway (JAK3, STAT1, and STAT2), tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF10 and TNFSF15), and infectious disease pathways (OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, and IFIH1). Genes in cell adhesion molecules pathway (NCAM1 and L1CAM) and collagen family (PCOLCE2 and COL9A3) are downregulated, suggesting structural changes in the skin of T2DM. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, this pioneer analytic study reports comprehensive unbiased gene expression changes and dysregulated pathways in the non-diseased skin of T2DM patients. This comprehensive understanding derived from whole-genome expression profiles could advance our knowledge in determining molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of T2DM-associated skin disorders.

Improving TL dosimetry for external radiotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bustos, S.R.; Velez, G.; Rubio, M.

1998-01-01

Full text: In vivo thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) has always been one of the most accurate dosimetry method for external radiotherapy control, but the delay in the response is a well know drawback when it is applied. In this work we show some improvements and demonstrate that keeping the precision and accuracy of this technique, it is possible to obtain a response in few hours. Harshaw 4000 TL reader and LiF TLD-100 dosimeters, chips (3,1 x 3,1 x 0,9 mm 3 ) and rods (1 x 1 x 6 mm 3 ) have been used. The thermal treatment necessary to reuse the TLD is only 1h at 400 degree C, by using a glow curve analyser developed at the Ciemat (Spain), that allows a complete, prompt and precise identification of the individuals peaks. The dosimeters are periodically and individually calibrated. We also have study the factors contributing to the relation TL-dose like linearity, energy correction, directional response and fading. All those results are included into an Excel worksheet which automatically give us the dose resulting from the TL reading (peaks areas 4 and 5). The obtained uncertainty is better than 5%. The TLD already irradiated in radiotherapy institutions distant 30-40 Km from our centre can be read and analysed in about 3-4 hours. These facts render our methods rapid and allow a better control of radiotherapy treatment even if it is bi-fractionated. (author) [es

Activation analysis of thallium in urine using the 203Tl(n,2n) 202Tl reaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Korob, R.O.; Cohen, I.M.; Lage, M.; Baro, G.B.

1976-04-01

The method developed by the authors of thallium determination in human urine, based on the 203 Tl(n,2n) 202 Tl reaction followed by chemical separation and measurement of the produced 202 Tl by gamma spectrometry, is described. Its application in some cases of intoxication by thallium is reported. The advantages and limitations of the described technique are discussed. (author) [es

Myocardial viability assessed by Tl-201 SPECT. Redistribution versus reinjection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chalela, William Azem; Pimentel, Flavio Ferrarini de Oliveira; Uchida, Augusto Hiroshi; Bottega, Augusto; Ramires, Jose Antonio Franchine; Izaki, Marisa; Moraes, Aguinaldo Pereira; Soares Junior, Jose; Giorgi, Maria C. Pinto; Moffa, Paulo Jorge; Bellotti, Giovanni; Giovanni Guido Cerri; Meneghetti, Jose Claudio

1994-01-01

The purpose of this study was to verify if a third series of images acquired by reinjection thallium-201, 24 h after conventional myocardial perfusion with the radioisotope, improves the identification of myocardial viability segments. The methods: we studied 30 patients, mean age 57.7 ±9.4 years, with old myocardial infarction using thallium (Tl)-201 SPECT, and we obtained three series of images (stress, redistribution after 4 h and reinjection after 24 h. Cardiac images were divided in 5 segments (apical, lateral, anterior, septal and inferior) and each one received a value by a score system according to the Tl-201 myocardial uptake (0=normal uptake; 1=mild hypoperfusion; 2=moderate hypoperfusion; 3=severe hypoperfusion or no myocardial uptake). We considered viable myocardium when the uptake of Tl-201 in the segment related to te myocardial infarction increases at least 1 point in two different axis of Tl-201 SPECT. The results: seven (23,3%) patients demonstrated increase of Tl-201 uptake only at reinjection images, showing a high efficacy of the method. Nine (30%) patients showed persistent hypoperfusion at all series of images suggesting only fibrosis in the are related to the infarction. Fourteen (46,7%) patients showed increase of Tl-201 concentration at redistribution images; among these patients, six showed improvement of myocardial uptake at reinjection. This condition was interpreted as regional chronic ischemic process: hibernating myocardium. The conclusion was that Tl-201 hypoperfusion at redistribution images without significant changes in relation to the stress images do not represent fibrosis at all. The reinjection technic was better than conventional redistribution in the detection of viable myocardium. This data allows a better therapeutic orientation. (author)

Fusion of the SUMO/Sentrin-specific protease 1 gene SENP1 and the embryonic polarity-related mesoderm development gene MESDC2 in a patient with an infantile teratoma and a constitutional t(12;15)(q13;q25).

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Veltman, I.M.; Basten-Vreede, L.A.J.; Cheng, J.; Looijenga, L.H.J.; Janssen, H.A.P.; Schoenmakers, E.F.P.M.; Yeh, E.T.; Geurts van Kessel, A.H.M.

2005-01-01

Recently, we identified a patient with an infantile sacrococcygeal teratoma and a constitutional t(12;15)(q13;q25). Here, we show that, as a result of this chromosomal translocation, the SUMO/Sentrin-specific protease 1 gene (SENP1) on chromosome 12 and the embryonic polarity-related mesoderm

Whole Gene Capture Analysis of 15 CRC Susceptibility Genes in Suspected Lynch Syndrome Patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Jansen, Anne M L; Geilenkirchen, Marije A; van Wezel, Tom; Jagmohan-Changur, Shantie C; Ruano, Dina; van der Klift, Heleen M; van den Akker, Brendy E W M; Laros, Jeroen F J; van Galen, Michiel; Wagner, Anja; Letteboer, Tom G W; Gómez-García, Encarna B; Tops, Carli M J; Vasen, Hans F; Devilee, Peter; Hes, Frederik J; Morreau, Hans; Wijnen, Juul T

2016-01-01

Lynch Syndrome (LS) is caused by pathogenic germline variants in one of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes. However, up to 60% of MMR-deficient colorectal cancer cases are categorized as suspected Lynch Syndrome (sLS) because no pathogenic MMR germline variant can be identified, which leads to difficulties in clinical management. We therefore analyzed the genomic regions of 15 CRC susceptibility genes in leukocyte DNA of 34 unrelated sLS patients and 11 patients with MLH1 hypermethylated tumors with a clear family history. Using targeted next-generation sequencing, we analyzed the entire non-repetitive genomic sequence, including intronic and regulatory sequences, of 15 CRC susceptibility genes. In addition, tumor DNA from 28 sLS patients was analyzed for somatic MMR variants. Of 1979 germline variants found in the leukocyte DNA of 34 sLS patients, one was a pathogenic variant (MLH1 c.1667+1delG). Leukocyte DNA of 11 patients with MLH1 hypermethylated tumors was negative for pathogenic germline variants in the tested CRC susceptibility genes and for germline MLH1 hypermethylation. Somatic DNA analysis of 28 sLS tumors identified eight (29%) cases with two pathogenic somatic variants, one with a VUS predicted to pathogenic and LOH, and nine cases (32%) with one pathogenic somatic variant (n = 8) or one VUS predicted to be pathogenic (n = 1). This is the first study in sLS patients to include the entire genomic sequence of CRC susceptibility genes. An underlying somatic or germline MMR gene defect was identified in ten of 34 sLS patients (29%). In the remaining sLS patients, the underlying genetic defect explaining the MMRdeficiency in their tumors might be found outside the genomic regions harboring the MMR and other known CRC susceptibility genes.

Thermal and x-ray studies on Tl2U(MoO4)3 and Tl4U(MoO4)4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dahale, N.D.; Keskar, Meera; Kulkarni, N.K.; Singh Mudher, K.D.

2006-01-01

In the quaternary Tl-U(IV)-Mo-O system, two new compounds namely Tl 2 U(MoO 4 ) 3 and Tl 4 U(MoO 4 ) 4 were prepared and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and thermal methods. These compounds were prepared by solid state reactions of Tl 2 MoO 4 , UMoO 5 and MoO 3 in the required stoichiometric ratio at 500 deg C in evacuated sealed quartz ampoule. The XRD data of Tl 2 U(MoO 4 ) 3 and Tl 4 U(MoO 4 ) 4 were indexed on orthorhombic cell. TG curves of Tl 2 U(MoO 4 ) 3 and Tl 4 U(MoO 4 ) 4 did not show any weight change up to 700 deg C in an inert atmosphere. During heating in an inert atmosphere, Tl 2 U(MoO 4 ) 3 and Tl 4 U(MoO 4 ) 4 showed endothermic Dta peaks due to melting of the compounds at 519 and 565 deg C, respectively. (author)

Expanding the Teaching Commons: Making the Case for a New Perspective on SoTL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kim A. Case, PhD

2013-08-01

Full Text Available As a reflection on O’Meara, Terosky, and Neumann’s (2011 work on scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL faculty development, this essay describes the benefits of SoTL to individual faculty and university goals. In support and expansion of arguments advanced by O’Meara et al., this work calls for the use of SoTL faculty development to promote the shared teaching commons, active recruitment of new SoTL scholars, institutionalization of SoTL values, and integration of SoTL initiatives in both teaching centers and research-focused development offices.

TL response of citrine samples for high-dose dosimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Teixeira, Maria Ines; Caldas, Linda V.E.

2011-01-01

The possibility of using samples of Brazilian stones as quartz, amethyst, topaz, etc. for high-dose dosimetry has been studied in recent years at IPEN, using the thermoluminescence technique (TL). In this work, the TL properties of citrine samples were studied. They were exposed to different doses of gamma radiation ( 60 Co). The natural citrine stone was extracted from a mine in Minas Gerais state, Brazil; it is a tectosilicate ranked as one of three-dimensional structure, showing clear yellow to golden brown color. The natural citrine stone is classified as quartz (SiO 2 ), and it has a lower symmetry and more compact reticulum. The citrine stone samples were powdered, and the selected grains were mixed with Teflon in the proportion 2 (Teflon):1 (Citrine). The mixture was pressed and sintered for production of Citrine -Teflon pellets of 50 mg. The TL emission curve showed two peaks at 160 deg C and 220 deg C. To remove the TL peak (160 deg C) of the sintered citrine pellet glow curves, different thermal treatments were tested during several time intervals. The TL dose-response curve between 50 Gy and 100 kGy, the reproducibility of TL response and the lower detection dose were obtained. The preliminary results show that citrine may be useful for high-dose dosimetry. (author)

Two-equivalent electrochemical reduction of a cyano-complex [TlIII(CN)2]+ and the novel di-nuclear compound [(CN)5PtII-TlIII]0

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dolidze, Tina D.; Khoshtariya, Dimitri E.; Behm, Martin; Lindbergh, Goeran; Glaser, Julius

2005-01-01

Extending our recent insights in two-electron transfer microscopic mechanisms for a Tl III /Tl I redox system [D.E. Khoshtariya, et al., Inorg. Chem. 41 (2002) 1728], the electrochemical response of glassy carbon electrode in acidified solutions of Tl III (ClO 4 ) 3 containing different concentrations of sodium cyanide has been extensively studied for the first time by use of cyclic voltammetry and the CVSIM curve simulation PC program. The complex [Tl III (CN) 2 ] + has been thoroughly identified electrochemically and shown to display a single well-defined reduction wave (which has no anodic counterpart), ascribed to the two-equivalent process yielding [Tl I (aq)] + . This behavior is similar to that of [Tl III (aq)] 3+ ion in the absence of sodium cyanide, disclosed in the previous work, and is compatible with the quasi-simultaneous yet sequential two-electron transfer pattern (with two reduction waves merged in one), implying the rate-determining first electron transfer step (resulting in the formation of a covalently interacting di-thallium complex as a metastable intermediate), and the fast second electron transfer step. Some preliminary studies of the two-equivalent reduction of directly metal-metal bonded stable compound [(CN) 5 Pt II -Tl III ] 0 has been also performed displaying two reduction waves compatible with a true sequential pattern

Magic clusters and (2x1) local structure formed in a half-unit cell of the Si(1 1 1)-(7x7) surface by Tl adsorption

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kocan, P.; Visikovskiy, A.V.; Ohira, Y.; Yoshimura, M.; Ueda, K.; Tochihara, H.

2008-01-01

Formation of a (2x1) local structure is found at submonolayer growth of Tl on the Si(1 1 1)-(7x7) surface by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). At low coverages, the (7x7) grid remains and the (2x1) structure is formed inside of the half-unit cells of the (7x7). The (2x1) coexists with other structures, such as of 'magic' clusters observed in the case of all other group III metals. Based on our STM observations we propose an atomic arrangement of the (2x1) structure

Measurements of environmental gamma-ray spectra using a multi-element TL dosemeter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Furuta, Sadaaki; Boetter-Jensen, L.; Nielsen, S.P.

1986-12-01

A method to estimate the energy distribution and dose of environmental gamma radiation was developed using a multielement TL dosemeter. Experimentally obtained energy responses from a multi-element TL dosemeter with different kinds of filters were used to calculate the energy distribution and related dose by the SAND-II computer code. The code was originally developed to estimate the neutron flux using a multiple foil activation method. Measurements were made at several locations with the multi-element TL dosemeter and comparisons were made with results from a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector and a high-pressure ionization chamber. (author)

Speciation of Tl(III and Tl(I in hair samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S.Z. Mohammadi

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet was successfully used as a sample preparation method prior to flame atomic absorption determination of trace amounts of Tl(III and Tl(I in hair samples. In the proposed method, 1-(2-pyridylazo-2-naphthol, 1-dodecanol and ethanol were used as chelating agent, extraction and dispersive solvent, respectively. Several factors that may be affected in the extraction process, such as type and volume of extraction and disperser solvents, pH, salting out effect, ionic strength and extraction time were studied. Under the optimal conditions, linearity was maintained between 6.0 and 900.0 ng mL−1 for Tl(III. The relative standard deviation for seven replicate determinations of 0.2 μg mL−1 Tl(III was 2.5%. The detection limit based on 3Sb for Tl(III in the original solution was 2.1 ng mL−1. The proposed method has been applied for the determination of trace amounts of thallium in hair samples and satisfactory results were obtained.

Real-time in-situ monitoring of the topotactic transformation of TlCu3Se2 into TlCu2Se2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ångström, J.; Sahlberg, M.; Berger, R.

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Topotactic transition from TlCu 3 Se 2 to TlCu 2 Se 2 followed in situ. • Synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction enabled short scans. • Relative abundance of phases refined from powder data. • Opens up for studying similar systems in the same manner. - Abstract: The solid state transformation of monoclinic TlCu 3 Se 2 into tetragonal TlCu 2 Se 2 by oxidative copper leaching in concentrated ammonia solution has been studied in situ by the use of synchrotron radiation. The diffraction patterns of parent and daughter phase are both sharp, indicating a strong topotactic relationship between them that effectuates a rapid change by “chimie douce” performed at +19 °C. The transformation rate is strongly connected to the access of oxygen from the surrounding air. The transformation was followed in a real-time mode, being almost complete after 2.5 h with 1 h incubation due to low oxygen content, as shown from refining the diffraction patterns by Rietveld profile technique

Preparation and biodistribution of [201Tl](III)vancomycin complex in normal rats

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jalilian, A.R.; Hosseini, M.A.; Karimian, A.; Saddadi, F.; Sadeghi, M.

2006-01-01

Thallium-201 (T 1/2 = 3.04 days) in Tl + form was converted to Tl 3+ cation in presence of O 3 in 6 M HCl controlled by RTLC/gel electrophoresis methods. The final evaporated activity was reacted with vancomycin (VAN) in water to yield [ 201 Tl](III)VAN. The best results were obtained at room temperature in water after 30 min with a radiochemical yield >99%, after mixing the reactants followed by SPE purification using Si Sep-Pak. The studies showed that thallic ion is mostly incorporated into vancomycin with a radiochemical purity of more than 98 ± 1% by RTLC. A specific activity of about 4.14·10 10 Bq/mmol was obtained. Radiochemical purity and stability of 201 Tl-VAN in the preparation and in presence of human serum was determined up to 5.5 days. Biodistribution study of 201 Tl(III)-vancomycin in normal rats was performed up to 52 h. (authors)

The Tl{sub 2}S–PbS–SiS{sub 2} system and the crystal and electronic structure of quaternary chalcogenide Tl{sub 2}PbSiS{sub 4}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mozolyuk, M.Y.; Piskach, L.V. [Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, 13 Voli Avenue, 43025, Lutsk (Ukraine); Fedorchuk, A.O. [Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, 50 Pekarska Street, 79010, Lviv (Ukraine); Olekseyuk, I.D.; Parasyuk, O.V. [Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, 13 Voli Avenue, 43025, Lutsk (Ukraine); Khyzhun, O.Y., E-mail: khyzhun@ipms.kiev.ua [Frantsevych Institute for Problems of Materials Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 3 Krzhyzhanivsky Street, 03142, Kyiv (Ukraine)

2017-07-01

Chalcogenides of the quasi-ternary system Tl{sub 2}S–PbS–SiS{sub 2} were synthesized in the evacuated silica ampoules by the melting and annealing technique. Phase equilibria in the system was investigated by XRD method. Isothermal section of the system was studied, and two intermediate quaternary phases were discovered to exist (Tl{sub 2}PbSiS{sub 4}, ∼Tl{sub 2}PbSi{sub 3}S{sub 8}). The quasi-binary section Tl{sub 2}SiS{sub 3}–PbS was investigated by DTA. Its phase diagram was constructed, and it was established that the equimolar compound melts incongruently at 818 K. The crystal structure of the quaternary compound Tl{sub 2}PbSiS{sub 4} was determined by X-ray powder diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2{sub 1}/a with the unit-cell parameters a = 8.8141(4), b = 9.0150(5), c = 10.4383(5) Å, and β = 94.490(4)° (Tl{sub 2}PbGeS{sub 4} structure type). Reliability factors calculated in the isotropic approximation were found to be R{sub I} = 0.0564 and R{sub P} = 0.1070. The Tl{sub 2}PbSiS{sub 4} single crystal was tested with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In particular, the XPS core-level and valence-band spectra were recorded for pristine and Ar{sup +}-ion bombarded surfaces of Tl{sub 2}PbSiS{sub 4}. The Tl{sub 2}PbSiS{sub 4} single crystal was found to be rather stable with respect to Ar{sup +}-ion irradiation. We have also measured the X-ray emission band depicting the energy distribution of mainly the S 3p states and compared it on a common energy scale with the XPS valence-band spectrum of the Tl{sub 2}PbSiS{sub 4} crystal. The above comparison indicates that the S 3p states contribute substantively in the upper portion of the valence band of Tl{sub 2}PbSiS{sub 4}, with their significant contributions in other portions of the valence-band region. - Highlights: • Chalcogenides of the quasi-ternary system Tl{sub 2}S–PbS–SiS{sub 2} were synthesized. • Two intermediate quaternary phases were discovered to exist (Tl

Predictive values of early rest/24 hour delay Tl-201 perfusion SPECT for wall motion improvement in patients with acute myocardial infarction after reperfusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hyun, In Young; Kwan, June

1998-01-01

We studied early rest/24 hour delay Tl-201 perfusion SPECT for prediction of wall motion improvement after reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Among 17 patients (male/female=11/6, age: 59±13) with acute myocardial infarction, 15 patients were treated with percutaneous transcoronary angioplasty (direct:2, delay:11) and intravenous urokinase (2). Spontaneous resolution occurred in infarct related arteries of 2 patients. We confirmed TIMI 3 flow of infarct-related artery after reperfusion in all patients with coronary angiography. We performed rest Tl-201 perfusion SPECT less then 6 hours after reperfusion and delay Tl-201 perfusion SPECT next day. Tl-201 uptake was visually graded as 4 point score from normal (0) to severe defect (3). Rest Tl-201 uptake ≤2 or combination of rest Tl-201 uptake ≤2 or late reversibility were considered to be viable. Myocardial wall motion was graded as 5 point score from normal (1) to dyskinesia (5). Myocardial wall motion was considered to be improved when a segment showed an improvement ≥1 grade in follow up echo compared with the baseline values. Among 98 segments with wall motion abnormality, the severity of myocardial wall motion decrease was as follow: mild hypokinesia: 18/98 (18%), severe hypokinesia: 28/98 (29%), akinesia: 51/98 (52%), dyskinesia: 1/98 (1%). The wall motion improved in 85%. Redistribution (13%), and reverse redistribution (4%) were observed in 24 hour delay SPECT. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of combination of late reversibility and rest Tl-201uptake were 99%, and 54%.PPV and NPV of rest Tl-201 uptake were 100% and 52% respectively. Predictive values of comibination of rest Tl-201 uptake and late reversibility were not significantly different compared with predictive values of rest Tl-201 uptake only. We conclude that early Tl-201 perfusion SPECT predict myocardial wall motion improvement with excellent positive but relatively low negative

Recovery of 201Tl by ion exchange chromatography from proton bombarded thallium cyclotron targets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Walt, T.N. van der; Naidoo, C.

2000-01-01

A method based on ion exchange chromatography is presented for the recovery of 201 Tl and its precursor 201 Pb from proton bombarded natural thallium cyclotron targets. After bombardment the target is dissolved in diluted nitric acid. Water, hydrazine and ammonium acetate are added to the solution and the lead radioisotopes separated from the thallium by cation exchange chromatography on a Bio-Rex 70 column. The sorbed lead radioisotopes are eluted with dilute nitric acid and the separation repeated on a second Bio-Rex 70 column. After elution of the remaining thallium the column is left for 32 hours and the 201 Tl formed by decay of 201 Pb is eluted with an ammonium acetate solution. The 201 Tl eluate is acidified with a HNO 3 -HBr-Br 2 mixture and the resulting solution is passed through an AG MP-1 anion exchanger column to remove any remaining lead isotopes. The 201 Tl is eluted with a hydrazine solution, the eluate evaporated to dryness and the 201 Tl finally dissolved in an appropriate solution to produce a 201 TlCl solution suitable for medical use. A high quality 201 Tl product is obtained containing ≤ 0.1 μg of Tl/mCi (37 MBq) 201 Tl. The radionuclidic impurities are less than the maximum values specified by the US Pharmacopoeia and the British Pharmacopoeia. (orig.)

Principles of Good Practice in SoTL

Science.gov (United States)

Felten, Peter

2013-01-01

For the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) to be understood as significant intellectual work in the academy, SoTL practitioners need to identify shared principles of good practice. While honoring the diversity of SoTL in its many forms across the globe, such principles can serve as a heuristic for assessing work in our field. These…

Studies on photodynamic mechanism of a novel chlorine derivative (TDPC and its antitumor effect for photodynamic therapy in vitro and in vivo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ying Ye

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Photodynamic therapy (PDT represents a promising method for treatment of cancerous tumors. The chemical and physical properties of used photosensitizer (PS play key roles in the treatment efficacy. In this study, a novel PS, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis((5-dipropylaminopentyl-chlorin (TDPC which displayed a characteristic long wavelength absorption peak at 650 nm were synthesized. It also shows a singlet oxygen generation rate of 4.257 min-1. Generally, TDPC is localized in mitochondria and nucleus of cell. After light irradiation with 650 nm laser, it can kill many types of cell, in addition, TDPC–PDT can destroy ECA-109 tumor in nude mice and a necrotic scab was formed eventually. The expression levels of many genes which regulated cell growth and apoptosis were determined by RT-PCR following TDPC–PDT. The results showed that it either increased or decreased, among which, the expression level of TNFSF13, a member of tumor necrosis factor superfamily, increased significantly. In general, TDPC is an effective antitumor PS in vitro and in vivo and is worthy of further study as a new drug candidate. TNFSF13 will be an important molecular target for the discovery of new PSs.

First principle study of structural, electronic and thermodynamic behavior of ternary intermetallic compound: CeMgTl

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R.P. Singh

2014-12-01

Full Text Available To study the structural, electronic and thermodynamic behavior of CeMgTl, full-potential linear augmented plane wave plus local orbital (FP-LAPW + lo method has been used. The lattice parameters (a0, c0, bulk modulus (B0 and its first order pressure derivative (B0′ have been calculated for CeMgTl. Band structure and density of states histograms depicts that “5d” orbital electrons of Tl have dominant character in the electronic contribution to CeMgTl. Impact of the temperature and pressure on unit cell volume, bulk modulus, Debye temperature, Grüneisen parameter, specific heat and thermal expansion coefficient (α have been studied in wide temperature range (0–300 K and pressure range (0–15 GPa.

Performance of novel materials for radiation detection: Tl3AsSe3, TlGaSe2, and Tl4HgI6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kahler, D.; Singh, N.B.; Knuteson, D.J.; Wagner, B.; Berghmans, A.; McLaughlin, S.; King, M.; Schwartz, K.; Suhre, D.; Gotlieb, M.

2011-01-01

In this paper we report on the electrical characteristics of three novel ternary compounds, Tl 3 AsSe 3 (TAS), TlGaSe 2 (TGS), and Tl 4 HgI 6 (THI), pertaining to their use as radiation detectors. The details for growth and material characterization are not presented. A semiconductor based gamma ray detector requires a material with high Z, high density, high resistivity, appropriate bandgap (1.5-2 eV), low energy/electron-hole pair, and a high μτ product. CZT is currently the best semiconductor material for room temperature gamma ray spectroscopy; however, it is extremely difficult to produce large volumes of detector grade material, making it expensive and in limited supply. DNDO/DHS began searching for other materials that might perform as well as CZT but be easier to grow and in the end lower the cost. For this purpose, we investigated the above three materials as possible replacements for CZT as gamma ray detectors. The bulk resistivity, I-V curves, X-ray response, and gamma ray response measurements for doped and undoped crystals are presented and discussed. TAS shows good X-ray and gamma ray response, but has poor resistivity, which results in large dark current and poor spectral response. TGS has good resistivity, but shows poor X-ray and gamma ray response. THI has excellent resistivity, shows some X-ray and gamma ray response, and has great potential as a gamma ray detector.

Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression Alteration in Human Middle Ear Epithelial Cells Induced by Asian Sand Dust.

Science.gov (United States)

Go, Yoon Young; Park, Moo Kyun; Kwon, Jee Young; Seo, Young Rok; Chae, Sung-Won; Song, Jae-Jun

2015-12-01

The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the gene expression profile of Asian sand dust (ASD)-treated human middle ear epithelial cell (HMEEC) using microarray analysis. The HMEEC was treated with ASD (400 µg/mL) and total RNA was extracted for microarray analysis. Molecular pathways among differentially expressed genes were further analyzed. For selected genes, the changes in gene expression were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. A total of 1,274 genes were differentially expressed by ASD. Among them, 1,138 genes were 2 folds up-regulated, whereas 136 genes were 2 folds down-regulated. Up-regulated genes were mainly involved in cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Down-regulated genes affected cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. The 10 genes including ADM, CCL5, EDN1, EGR1, FOS, GHRL, JUN, SOCS3, TNF, and TNFSF10 were identified as main modulators in up-regulated genes. A total of 11 genes including CSF3, DKK1, FOSL1, FST, TERT, MMP13, PTHLH, SPRY2, TGFBR2, THBS1, and TIMP1 acted as main components of pathway associated with 2-fold down regulated genes. We identified the differentially expressed genes in ASD-treated HMEEC. Our work indicates that air pollutant like ASD, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of otitis media.

Magnetism and superconductivity of some Tl-Cu oxides

Science.gov (United States)

Datta, Timir

1991-01-01

Many copper oxide based Thallium compounds are now known. In comparison to the Bi-compounds, the Tl-system shows a richer diversity; i.e., High Temperature Superconductors (HTSC) can be obtained with either one or two Tl-0 layers (m = 1,2); also, the triple-digit phases are easier to synthesize. The value of d, oxygen stoichiometry, is critical to achieving superconductivity. The Tl system is robust to oxygen loss; Tl may be lost or incorporated by diffusion. A diffusion coefficient equal to 10 ms at 900 C was determined. Both ortho-rhombic and tetragonal structures are found, but HTSC behavior is indifferent to the crystal symmetry. This system has the highest T(sub c) confirmed. T(sub c) generally increases with p, the number of CuO layers, but tends to saturate at p = 3. Zero resistance was observed at temperatures as great as 125 K. Most of these HTSC's are hole type, but the Ce-doped specimens may be electronic. The magnetic aspects were studied; because in addition to defining the perfectly diamagnetic ground state as in conventional superconductors, magnetism of the copper oxides show a surprising variety. This is true of both the normal and the superconducting states. Also, due to the large phonon contribution to the specific heat at the high T(sub c) jump, electronic density of states, D(Ef), and coherence length are uncertain, and thus, are estimated from the magnetic results. Results from the Tl-system CuO, LaBaCuO,120 and the Bi-CuO compounds are discussed. The emphasis is on the role of magnetism in the Tl-CuO HTSC, but technological aspects are also pointed out.

Effects of cross talk on dual energy SPECT imaging between 123I-BMIPP and 201Tl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morita, Masato; Narita, Hitoshi; Yamamoto, Juro; Fukutake, Naoshige; Ohyanagi, Mitsumasa; Iwasaki, Tadaaki; Fukuchi, Minoru

1994-01-01

The study was undertaken to determine how much cross talk influences the visual assessment of dual energy single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) images with iodine 123 beta-methyl-p-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (I-123 BMIPP) and thallium-201 in 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction. After single SPECT with I-123 BMIPP was undertaken, simultaneous dual SPECT with I-123 BMIPP and Tl-201 were undertaken in all patients. Three patients also underwent single SPECT with Tl-201. I-123 BMIPP and Tl-201 uptake was graded in four-score for the comparison between single and dual SPECT images. There was good correlation between dual energy SPECT and both single I-123 BMIPP SPECT (pS=0.97) and single Tl-201 SPECT (pS=0.59). Uptake scores were increased on dual energy SPECT, compared with single I-123 SPECT (8 out of 132 segments) and single Tl-201 SPECT (12 out of 36 segments). Overall, there was a comparatively well correlation between single SEPCT with either I-123 BMIPP or Tl-201 and dual energy SPECT images. However, one tracer uptake sometimes increased in the other tracer defect areas. This was noticeable when I-123 BMIPP exerted an effect on Tl-201. (N.K.)

Deformation effects in electronic spectra of the layered semiconductors TlGaS sub 2 , TlGaSe sub 2 and TlInS sub 2

CERN Document Server

Allakhverdiev, K R; Suleymanov, R A; Gasanov, N Z

2003-01-01

The deformation effects in electronic spectra of the ternary layered semiconductors TlGaS sub 2 , TlGaSe sub 2 and TlInS sub 2 are considered. It is shown that the influence of hydrostatic pressure, thermal expansion and variation of composition in solid solutions on the band gap of the crystals investigated can be described in the framework of one common model of deformation potentials. This model appears to be close to that of layered semiconductors of the A sub 3 B sub 6 group, attesting to the fact that the main principles of formation of band structure in these two groups of layered crystals are the same.

Dose-rate and the reciprocity law: TL response of Ge-doped SiO2 optical fibers at therapeutic radiation doses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abdul Rahman, A.T.; Nisbet, A.; Bradley, D.A.

2011-01-01

An investigation has been made on commercially available Ge-doped SiO 2 optical fibers as a novel thermoluminescence system for radiotherapy dosimetry. This dosimeter has previously been shown by the group to provide sensitive dosimetry over a wide range of electron and photon dose, suitable for the needs of radiotherapy. In addition the optical fiber offers small physical size (125 μm diameter) and hence high spatial resolution. The reciprocity between thermoluminescence (TL) yield of Ge-doped SiO 2 optical fibers and dose has been investigated for fixed radiation dose for a range of photon and electron dose rates. For electron beams of nominal energies in the range of 9-20 MeV, we have investigated the TL response of these fibers for dose rates between 100 and 1000 cGy min -1 . For photon beams of nominal energies in the range of 6-15 MV, we have used dose rates of 100-600 cGy min -1 . Reproducibility and fading at fixed absorbed dose (3 Gy) and dose rate for the optical fibers were also investigated. At fixed dose rates, the TL optical fibers were found to produce a flat TL yield within 4% (1σ) and 3% (1σ) for electron and photon beams, respectively. The optical fibers demonstrated good reproducibility (±1.5%), low residual signal for a readout temperature of 300 o C and negligible fading. A weak dependence on dose-rate has been observed in the range of 3.4-3.9% for electrons (with an associated uncertainty of 4%) and 2.4-2.9% for photons (with an associated uncertainty of <4%). For electron and photon energies we note a consistent trend towards lower response in the TL yield of between 3.4-3.9% and 2.4-2.7%, respectively, at the higher dose rates in comparison with the response at lower dose rates. In addition we note an appreciable systematic energy dependence for both electron and photon beams. It is important to take such factors into account for providing precise and accurate radiotherapy dosimetry. It is also apparent that the optical fibers can be re

Synthesis and TL/OSL properties of a novel high-sensitive blue-emitting LiSrPO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+} phosphor for radiation dosimetry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Palan, C.B.; Koparkar, K.A.; Omanwar, S.K. [Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Department of Physics, Amravati (India); Bajaj, N.S. [Toshniwal Arts, Commerce and Science College, Sengoan, Hingoli District, MH (India); Soni, A. [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Mumbai (India)

2016-07-15

In this study, a series of Eu{sup 2+}-doped LiSrPO{sub 4} phosphors were synthesized via solid-state method. The structural and morphological characterizations were done through X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscope. Additionally, the photoluminescence (PL), thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) behaviours of LiSrPO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+} phosphors were studied. The LiSrPO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+} phosphor shows OSL sensitivity about 8 times than that of α-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}:C phosphor and 6 times than that of LiMgPO{sub 4}:Tb{sup 3+}, B phosphor. Moreover, TL sensitivity was about 15 times more as compared to α-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}:C phosphor. The kinetic parameters of TL curve were calculated using peak shape method. In TL/OSL mode, dose-response was almost linear nature, in the range of measurement. The minimum detectable dose was found to be 25.18 μGy with 3σ of background. Also, reusability was also studies, which shows the phosphor can be reusable for 10 cycles with 0.1 % change in OSL output. (orig.)

Thermal analysis of chalcogenide glasses of the system (As/sub/2Se/sub/3)/sub/(1-x):(Tl/sub/2Se)/sub/x

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Majid, C.A.

1987-01-01

In this paper differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements of chalcogenide glasses of the system (As/sub/2Se/sub/3)/sub/(1-x): (Tl/sub/2Se)/sub/x, with x=0, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.50 are reported. The glass-forming tendencies of these materials have been calculated. The glass-forming tendency of As/sub/2Se/sub/3 has been found to be the highest among the member glasses of this family of chalcogenides. It was found that the glass-forming tendency of As/sub/2Se/sub/3 decreasing gradually at the Tl/sub/2/Se concentration increases. Tl/sub/2Se additions lower the glass transition temperature T/sub/q and the area under the endothermic peak for glass transition temperature, suggesting a tendency for relatively weaker bonding and hence less stability of Tl-rich glass compositions. These studies show that Tl/sub/2Se concentrations result in glasses with progressively higher crystallization tendencies. (author)

Solvent extraction of Tl(I) with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into chloroform

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Itawi, R.K.; Turel, Z.R.

1984-01-01

The extraction of Tl(I) with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into chloroform was studied. The effect of various parameters on the extraction coefficient value was evaluated. The stoichiometry of the extracted species obtained from the substoichiometric extraction was found to be 1:1. This was further supported by the slope ratio method. Decontamination factors of a number of elements in the substoichiometric extraction of Tl(I) were also obtained. (author)

Tl response of KMgF{sub 3}: Lu + PTFE at ultraviolet radiation; Respuesta Tl de KMgF{sub 3}: Lu + PTFE a radiacion ultravioleta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonzalez, P R [Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, A.P. 18 -1027, 11801 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Alarcon, N G [Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico. Paseo Tollocan, Esq. con Jesus Carranza, 50180 Toluca, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Furetta, C; Azorin, J [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340 Mexico. D.F. (Mexico)

2003-07-01

Ionizing radiation has different types of interaction with a crystalline solid. However, only few effects are interesting to optimize some thermoluminescent (Tl) properties of certain Tl materials. This paper presents results obtained by irradiating KMgF{sub 3}: Lu + Ptfe Tl dosimeters with ultraviolet (UV) radiation previously exposed to gamma radiation. These results showed that those dosimeters not exposed previously to gamma radiation did not presented any Tl signal. Meanwhile, those previously submitted to gamma irradiation showed that their sensitivity was increased as the gamma dose increased. The glow curve of sensitized KMgF{sub 3}: Lu + Ptfe exposed to UV radiation, presented the dosimetric pea at 212 C. This makes this material to be promissory for measuring UV radiation. (Author)

Stability of detecting system using NaI(Tl)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhuo Yunshang; Lei Zhangyun; Zen Yu; Gong Hua

1996-01-01

A detecting system using NaI(Tl) is widely used in research and industry of nuclear science and other fields. For providing the high accuracy and working well under inclement environment, the stability of detecting system using NaI(Tl) is very important. The variation of environment temperature, the change of counting rate and long time continuous working of detector will cause un-negligible effect on the measurement. Three approaches were used. They are: 1) temperature control (It makes the effect of the variation of environment temperature on the measurement negligible.); 2) spectrum stabilizing (It adjust the peak position of the spectrum when the counting rate changes.); and 3) auto-checking and adjusting (It adjusts the drift of the NaI(Tl) detecting system when it works continuously)

Gene structure and mutant alleles of PCDH15: nonsyndromic deafness DFNB23 and type 1 Usher syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Ahmed, Zubair M; Riazuddin, Saima; Aye, Sandar; Ali, Rana A; Venselaar, Hanka; Anwar, Saima; Belyantseva, Polina P; Qasim, Muhammad; Riazuddin, Sheikh; Friedman, Thomas B

2008-10-01

Mutations of PCDH15, encoding protocadherin 15, can cause either combined hearing and vision impairment (type 1 Usher syndrome; USH1F) or nonsyndromic deafness (DFNB23). Human PCDH15 is reported to be composed of 35 exons and encodes a variety of isoforms with 3-11 ectodomains (ECs), a transmembrane domain and a carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic domain (CD). Building on these observations, we describe an updated gene structure that has four additional exons of PCDH15 and isoforms that can be subdivided into four classes. Human PCDH15 encodes three alternative, evolutionarily conserved unique cytoplasmic domains (CD1, CD2 or CD3). Families ascertained on the basis of prelingual hearing loss were screened for linkage of this phenotype to markers for PCDH15 on chromosome 10q21.1. In seven of twelve families segregating USH1, we identified homozygous mutant alleles (one missense, one splice site, three nonsense and two deletion mutations) of which six are novel. One family was segregating nonsyndromic deafness DFNB23 due to a homozygous missense mutation. To date, in our cohort of 557 Pakistani families, we have found 11 different PCDH15 mutations that account for deafness in 13 families. Molecular modeling provided mechanistic insight into the phenotypic variation in severity of the PCDH15 missense mutations. We did not find pathogenic mutations in five of the twelve USH1 families linked to markers for USH1F, which suggest either the presence of mutations of yet additional undiscovered exons of PCDH15, mutations in the introns or regulatory elements of PCDH15, or an additional locus for type I USH at chromosome 10q21.1.

Importance of controlling the Tl-oxide partial pressure throughout the processing of TlBa2CaCu2O7 thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Siegal, M.P.; Venturini, E.L.; Newcomer, P.P.; Overmyer, D.L.; Dominguez, F.; Dunn, R.

1995-01-01

TlBa 2 CaCu 2 O 7 (Tl-1212) superconducting films 5000--6000 A thick have been grown on LaAlO 3 (100) substrates using oxide precursors in a closed two-zone thallination furnace. Tl-1212 films can be grown with transition temperatures ∼100 K, and critical current densities measured by magnetization of J cm (5 K)>10 7 A/cm 2 and J cm (77 K)>10 5 A/cm 2 . Processing conditions, substrate temperatures and Tl-oxide source temperatures are found which result in smooth, nearly phase-pure Tl-1212 films. Variations in the respective temperature ramps of the Tl-oxide zone and the substrate zone can greatly influence resulting film properties such as microstructure, morphology, superconducting transition temperature, and critical current density. copyright 1995 American Institute of Physics

Tl and OSL on diopside crystal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cano, N.F.; Watanabe, S.; Mittani, J.C.R.; Yukihara, E.G.

2006-01-01

The diopside with chemical composition CaMgSi 2 O 6 is part of an important solid solution series of the pyroxene group. The mineral is commonly found in meteorites and it is an important rock forming mineral of medium and high grade metamorphic rocks which are rich in calcium. In the bibliography it is possible to found several studies on electron spin resonance (ESR), reflectance, etc. but not on thermoluminescence (TL) or optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). In the present work we studied diopside TL and OSL behaviour on natural and natural irradiated samples. The sample used in our study is a white coloured diopside provided by Mineracao Sao Judas located in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The X-Ray Fluorescence technique has shown high concentrations of SiO 2 (55.81 % mol), CaO (23.47 % mol), MgO (18.03 % mol), Al 2 O 3 (1.56 % mol), Fe 2 O 3 (0.53 % mol), K 2 O (0.44 % mol), TiO 2 (0.065 % mol), P 2 O 5 (0.026 % mol), and MnO (0.013 % mol). TL measurements on natural samples show four TL peaks at 160, 260, 360, and 450 C. After beta-irradiation an increment mainly in the low temperature peaks is observed. As for OSL measurements, low OSL signal was observed on natural samples using blue light stimulation and UV detection. The intensity of the signal was observed to increase with the irradiation dose. (Author)

First-principles prediction of Tl/SiC for valleytronics

KAUST Repository

Xu, Zhen; Zhang, Qingyun; Shen, Qian; Cheng, Yingchun; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo; Huang, Wei

2017-01-01

Recently, monolayer Tl on a Si or Ge substrate has been proposed for potential valleytronic systems. However, the band gaps of these systems are less than 0.1 eV, which is too small to be applied because an electric field or magnetic doping will reduce the band gaps further for the systems to become metallic. Here, we investigate SiC as an alternative substrate. By first-principles calculations we demonstrate that monolayer Tl can be grown on SiC. There are two valleys around the K/K′ points and the Berry curvature shows that the two valleys are inequivalent, indicating valley pseudospin. Moreover, due to the larger band gap of SiC (3.3 eV), the band gap of the Tl/SiC system is 0.6 eV, which is large enough for valley manipulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Cr doping can achieve valley polarization. Our study shows that the Tl/SiC system is promising for valleytronic applications.

First-principles prediction of Tl/SiC for valleytronics

KAUST Repository

Xu, Zhen

2017-09-22

Recently, monolayer Tl on a Si or Ge substrate has been proposed for potential valleytronic systems. However, the band gaps of these systems are less than 0.1 eV, which is too small to be applied because an electric field or magnetic doping will reduce the band gaps further for the systems to become metallic. Here, we investigate SiC as an alternative substrate. By first-principles calculations we demonstrate that monolayer Tl can be grown on SiC. There are two valleys around the K/K′ points and the Berry curvature shows that the two valleys are inequivalent, indicating valley pseudospin. Moreover, due to the larger band gap of SiC (3.3 eV), the band gap of the Tl/SiC system is 0.6 eV, which is large enough for valley manipulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Cr doping can achieve valley polarization. Our study shows that the Tl/SiC system is promising for valleytronic applications.

Phase equilibria in the Tl2MoO4–R2(MoO43–Zr(MoO42 (R = Al, Cr systems: synthesis, structure and properties of new triple molybdates Tl5RZr(MoO46 and TlRZr0.5(MoO43

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. G. Grossman

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The Tl2MoO4–R2(MoO43–Zr(MoO42 (R = Al, Cr systems were studied in the subsolidus region using X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC analysis. Quasi-binary joins were revealed, and triangulation was carried out. New ternary molybdates: Tl5RZr(MoO46 (5:1:2 and TlRZr0.5(MoO43 (1:1:1 (R = Al, Cr were prepared. The unit cell parameters for the new compounds were calculated.

Antiferromagnetism Induced in the Vortex Core of Tl2Ba2CuO6++δ Probed by Spatially-Resolved 205Tl-NMR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kumagai, K.; Kakuyanagi, K.; Matsuda, Y.; Hasegawa, T.

2003-01-01

Magnetism in the vortex core state has been studied by spatially-resolved NMR. The nuclear spin lattice relaxation rate T 1 -1 of 205 Tl in nearly optimal-doped Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6+ δ (T c =85 K) is significantly enhanced in the vortex core region. The NMR results suggest that the suppression of the d-wave superconducting order parameter in the vortex core leads to the nucleation of islands with local antiferromagnetic (AF) order. (author)

Phytotoxicity of thallium (Tl) in culture solution. Pt. 2. Effects of Tl(III) on the growth and heavy metal contents of pea and field bean plants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pieper, B; Austenfeld, F A

1985-01-01

The effects of Tl(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/ and Tl(III)EDTA on growth and heavy metal contents of pea plants and field bean plants were compared in hydroponic culture experiments. In the presence of Tl(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/, the essential heavy metals were available to the plants in their ionic forms. When Tl(III)EDTA was present the essential heavy metals were available as chelated complexes. Dry matter production of the pea plants was inhibited to a greater extent by Tl(III)EDTA than by Tl(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/. The distribution of Tl within the plant was unaffected by the accompanying anion, however an increase of the Tl content of the stems and the leaves was observed in the presence of Tl(III)EDTA. The micronutrients exhibited different interactions with Tl(III). In the presence of increasing concentrations of Tl(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/ the Mn content of each organ and the Zn content of the roots were lowered, but the Zn content of the stems was increased. Increasing concentrations of Tl(III)EDTA resulted only in a decrease of the Mn content of the roots, but in an increase of the contents of Fe and Mn within the stems, and Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu within the leaves. The increases may be due to concentration by growth inhibition. In contrast to pea plants, growth of field bean plants was inhibited only by Tl(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/. The field bean plants retained most of the Tl within the roots independent of the Tl compound in the solution. Chelation of Tl(III) resulted in higher Tl contents of both the roots and the stems, but equal or reduced Tl contents of the leaves. Whereas increasing concentrations of Tl(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/ reduced the Mn content of each organ as well as the Zn content of the roots and the leaves, Tl(III)EDTA only reduced the Mn content of the roots.

FDG F18/Rest Tl 201 SPECT patterns in recent myocardial infarction. Predictive value for regional function recovery

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Massardo, Teresa [Universidad de Chile, Hospital Clinico. Centro de Medicina Nuclear, Santiago (Chile); Gonzalez, Patricio; Coll, Claudia; Yovanovich, Jorge; Jofre, M Josefina; Humeres, Pamela; Sierralta, Paulina; Chamorro, Hernan; Ramirez, Alfredo; Kunstmann, Sonia; Lopez, Hector; Aramburu, Ivonne; Bru, Solange [Universidad de Chile, Santiago (Chile). Hospital Clinico. Centros de Medicina Nuclear e Cardiovascular; Clinica Santa Maria, Santiago [Chile

2003-04-01

Background: detecting viability is important after recent myocardial infarction (MI). SPECT FDG/Tl flow-metabolism patterns for predicting functional recovery were analyzed in this setting. Method: forty-one patients were studied (56+-12 years; 80% males) with Tl 201 at rest and FDG F 18 SPECT at a mean of 8.9 days post MI (range:1-24). All had baseline and 3 month follow-up echocardiography (Echo) and initial coronary angiography. They were submitted to primary PTCA in 12 cases, late PTCA in 15 and bypass surgery in 10 and thrombolysis was performed in 4 patients as only procedure. A total of 345 culprit artery territory segments were interpreted by 3 nuclear independent observers. Analysis included segments with or without abnormal motion. Results: FDG/Tl 201 on patient basis, had: sensitivity 91%; specificity 56%; positive predictive value 88 %; negative predictive value (NPV) 63% and accuracy 83%. The analysis of segments with abnormal contractility showed values of 67%, 69%, 44%, 85% and 68%, respectively. Reverse mismatch with FDG/Tl appears to predict viability similarly to classical mismatch; severe or moderate match was highly associated with no functional recovery (NPV 85%). Conclusion: flow-perfusion patterns are variable in recent MI. FDG/Tl 201 SPECT has acceptable accuracy for predicting functional recovery and excellent NPV to further exclude viability (author)

FDG F18/Rest Tl 201 SPECT patterns in recent myocardial infarction. Predictive value for regional function recovery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Massardo, Teresa; Gonzalez, Patricio; Coll, Claudia; Yovanovich, Jorge; Jofre, M. Josefina; Humeres, Pamela; Sierralta, Paulina; Chamorro, Hernan; Ramirez, Alfredo; Kunstmann, Sonia; Lopez, Hector; Aramburu, Ivonne; Bru, Solange; Clinica Santa Maria, Santiago

2003-01-01

Background: detecting viability is important after recent myocardial infarction (MI). SPECT FDG/Tl flow-metabolism patterns for predicting functional recovery were analyzed in this setting. Method: forty-one patients were studied (56+-12 years; 80% males) with Tl 201 at rest and FDG F 18 SPECT at a mean of 8.9 days post MI (range:1-24). All had baseline and 3 month follow-up echocardiography (Echo) and initial coronary angiography. They were submitted to primary PTCA in 12 cases, late PTCA in 15 and bypass surgery in 10 and thrombolysis was performed in 4 patients as only procedure. A total of 345 culprit artery territory segments were interpreted by 3 nuclear independent observers. Analysis included segments with or without abnormal motion. Results: FDG/Tl 201 on patient basis, had: sensitivity 91%; specificity 56%; positive predictive value 88 %; negative predictive value (NPV) 63% and accuracy 83%. The analysis of segments with abnormal contractility showed values of 67%, 69%, 44%, 85% and 68%, respectively. Reverse mismatch with FDG/Tl appears to predict viability similarly to classical mismatch; severe or moderate match was highly associated with no functional recovery (NPV 85%). Conclusion: flow-perfusion patterns are variable in recent MI. FDG/Tl 201 SPECT has acceptable accuracy for predicting functional recovery and excellent NPV to further exclude viability (author)

EPR and TL correlation in some powdered Greek white marbles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baieetto, Vanessa; Villeneuve, Gerard; Guibert, Pierre; Schvoerer, Max

2000-01-01

Thermoluminescence of white powdered marble samples, chosen to display different EPR spectra, were studied. Two peaks at 280 deg. C and 360 deg. C can be observed among the TL glow curves while the EPR spectra exhibit two signals: the A signal with g perp =2.0038 and g par =2.0024 due to the SO - 3 centre and the B one with g 1 =2.0005; g 2 =2.0001; g 3 =1.9998 due to mechanical powder reduction (drilling). Owing to heating and simultaneous experiments, a correlation have been established: the 280 deg. C TL peak is associated to the A signal and thus to the SO - 3 centre and the 360 deg. C TL peak is caused by mechanical treatment corresponding to the B EPR signal

EPR and TL correlation in some powdered Greek white marbles.

Science.gov (United States)

Baïetto, V; Villeneuve, G; Guibert, P; Schvoerer, M

2000-02-01

Thermoluminescence of white powdered marble samples, chosen to display different EPR spectra, were studied. Two peaks at 280 degrees C and 360 degrees C can be observed among the TL glow curves while the EPR spectra exhibit two signals: the A signal with g perpendicular = 2.0038 and g parallel = 2.0024 due to the SO3- centre and the B one with g1 = 2.0005; g2 = 2.0001; g3 = 1.9998 due to mechanical powder reduction (drilling). Owing to heating and simultaneous experiments, a correlation have been established: the 280 degrees C TL peak is associated to the A signal and thus to the SO3- centre and the 360 degrees C TL peak is caused by mechanical treatment corresponding to the B EPR signal.

Impact of intense x-ray pulses on a NaI(Tl)-based gamma camera

Science.gov (United States)

Koppert, W. J. C.; van der Velden, S.; Steenbergen, J. H. L.; de Jong, H. W. A. M.

2018-03-01

In SPECT/CT systems x-ray and γ-ray imaging is performed sequentially. Simultaneous acquisition may have advantages, for instance in interventional settings. However, this may expose a gamma camera to relatively high x-ray doses and deteriorate its functioning. We studied the NaI(Tl) response to x-ray pulses with a photodiode, PMT and gamma camera, respectively. First, we exposed a NaI(Tl)-photodiode assembly to x-ray pulses to investigate potential crystal afterglow. Next, we exposed a NaI(Tl)-PMT assembly to 10 ms LED pulses (mimicking x-ray pulses) and measured the response to flashing LED probe-pulses (mimicking γ-pulses). We then exposed the assembly to x-ray pulses, with detector entrance doses of up to 9 nGy/pulse, and analysed the response for γ-pulse variations. Finally, we studied the response of a Siemens Diacam gamma camera to γ-rays while exposed to x-ray pulses. X-ray exposure of the crystal, read out with a photodiode, revealed 15% afterglow fraction after 3 ms. The NaI(Tl)-PMT assembly showed disturbances up to 10 ms after 10 ms LED exposure. After x-ray exposure however, responses showed elevated baselines, with 60 ms decay-time. Both for x-ray and LED exposure and after baseline subtraction, probe-pulse analysis revealed disturbed pulse height measurements shortly after exposure. X-ray exposure of the Diacam corroborated the elementary experiments. Up to 50 ms after an x-ray pulse, no events are registered, followed by apparent energy elevations up to 100 ms after exposure. Limiting the dose to 0.02 nGy/pulse prevents detrimental effects. Conventional gamma cameras exhibit substantial dead-time and mis-registration of photon energies up to 100 ms after intense x-ray pulses. This is due PMT limitations and due to afterglow in the crystal. Using PMTs with modified circuitry, we show that deteriorative afterglow effects can be reduced without noticeable effects on the PMT performance, up to x-ray pulse doses of 1 nGy.

Dose-rate and the reciprocity law: TL response of Ge-doped SiO{sub 2} optical fibers at therapeutic radiation doses

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abdul Rahman, A.T., E-mail: a.t.abdulrahman@surrey.ac.uk [Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey (United Kingdom); School of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia (UiTM), Campus of Negeri Sembilan, 72000 Kuala Pilah (Malaysia); Nisbet, A. [Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey (United Kingdom); Departments of Medical Physics, the Royal Surrey County Hospital (RSCH) NHS Trust, Edgerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, Surrey (United Kingdom); Bradley, D.A. [Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey (United Kingdom)

2011-10-01

An investigation has been made on commercially available Ge-doped SiO{sub 2} optical fibers as a novel thermoluminescence system for radiotherapy dosimetry. This dosimeter has previously been shown by the group to provide sensitive dosimetry over a wide range of electron and photon dose, suitable for the needs of radiotherapy. In addition the optical fiber offers small physical size (125 {mu}m diameter) and hence high spatial resolution. The reciprocity between thermoluminescence (TL) yield of Ge-doped SiO{sub 2} optical fibers and dose has been investigated for fixed radiation dose for a range of photon and electron dose rates. For electron beams of nominal energies in the range of 9-20 MeV, we have investigated the TL response of these fibers for dose rates between 100 and 1000 cGy min{sup -1}. For photon beams of nominal energies in the range of 6-15 MV, we have used dose rates of 100-600 cGy min{sup -1}. Reproducibility and fading at fixed absorbed dose (3 Gy) and dose rate for the optical fibers were also investigated. At fixed dose rates, the TL optical fibers were found to produce a flat TL yield within 4% (1{sigma}) and 3% (1{sigma}) for electron and photon beams, respectively. The optical fibers demonstrated good reproducibility ({+-}1.5%), low residual signal for a readout temperature of 300 {sup o}C and negligible fading. A weak dependence on dose-rate has been observed in the range of 3.4-3.9% for electrons (with an associated uncertainty of 4%) and 2.4-2.9% for photons (with an associated uncertainty of <4%). For electron and photon energies we note a consistent trend towards lower response in the TL yield of between 3.4-3.9% and 2.4-2.7%, respectively, at the higher dose rates in comparison with the response at lower dose rates. In addition we note an appreciable systematic energy dependence for both electron and photon beams. It is important to take such factors into account for providing precise and accurate radiotherapy dosimetry. It is also

Crystal structure of an FIV/HIV chimeric protease complexed with the broad-based inhibitor, TL-3

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elder John H

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract We have obtained the 1.7 Å crystal structure of FIV protease (PR in which 12 critical residues around the active site have been substituted with the structurally equivalent residues of HIV PR (12X FIV PR. The chimeric PR was crystallized in complex with the broad-based inhibitor TL-3, which inhibits wild type FIV and HIV PRs, as well as 12X FIV PR and several drug-resistant HIV mutants 1234. Biochemical analyses have demonstrated that TL-3 inhibits these PRs in the order HIV PR > 12X FIV PR > FIV PR, with Ki values of 1.5 nM, 10 nM, and 41 nM, respectively 234. Comparison of the crystal structures of the TL-3 complexes of 12X FIV and wild-typeFIV PR revealed theformation of additinal van der Waals interactions between the enzyme inhibitor in the mutant PR. The 12X FIV PR retained the hydrogen bonding interactions between residues in the flap regions and active site involving the enzyme and the TL-3 inhibitor in comparison to both FIV PR and HIV PR. However, the flap regions of the 12X FIV PR more closely resemble those of HIV PR, having gained several stabilizing intra-flap interactions not present in wild type FIV PR. These findings offer a structural explanation for the observed inhibitor/substrate binding properties of the chimeric PR.

Structure of the new Tl(Ba sub 1.0 Sr sub 1.0) PrCu sub 2 O sub 7-x by Rietveld analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, P.; Fun, H. K.; Lee, T.J.; Ku, H.C.; Lai, C.C.

1994-01-01

The crystalline structure of Tl(Ba sub 1.0 Sr sub 1.0)PrCu sub 2 O sub 7-x was obtained at room temperature from x-ray powder diffraction with CuK sub α radiation using Rietveld analysis. Tl(Ba sub 1.0 Sr sub 1.0)PrCu sub 2 O sub 7-x isomorphous at both room temperature (300 K) and low temperature (100 K) with TlBa sub 2 ca Cu sub 2 O sub 7-x type (1212) structure, crystallized with space group P4/mmm and one formula in the unit cell. At 300 K, cell parameters a=3.8892(2) A, c=12.3099(6) A, the structure was refined with 25 parameters to R sub WP = 6.30%, R sub P = 4.38% for 3551 step intensities and R sub b = 5.01%, R sub f = 4.20% for 156 reflections. The goodness of fitting S=3.18. At 100K, cell parameters a=3.8866(4) A, c= 12.289(1) A, the structure was refined with 26 parameters to R sub WP = 8.42%, R sub P = 6.21% for 2676 step intensities and R sub b = 6.72%, R sub f = 5.28% for 120 reflections. The goodness of fitting S=2.32. Reasonable anisotropic thermal parameters were obtained. The compositions of Ba and Sr atoms were refined to about Ba sub 1.1 Sr sub 0.9 compared with the stoichiometric Ba sub 1.0 Sr sub 1.0

Calculated energy dependence of CaSO4:Dy TL phosphor and phosphor embedded Teflon for X and gamma rays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chang, J.-K.; Nam, Y.-M.; Kim, J.-L.; Chang, S.-Y.; Kim, B.-H.

2001-01-01

The energy dependence of a CaSO 4 :Dy TL phosphor for 21 monoenergetic photons of energy ranging from 0.01 to 3 MeV was calculated by using MCNP4A code. The calculation results show good agreement with those of other authors within ± 5% relative error. Calculations and experiments are also performed to determine the energy dependence of CaSO 4 : Dy phosphor with Dy concentrations from 0.01 to 1.5 mol %, and with the compositions of TL-Teflon from 10 to 90 wt %. The calculated energy responses show good agreement with the experiment results within ± 20% relative error except for a concentration lower than 0.1 mol % Dy and the low energy regions of M30 (Eave.=20 keV) and M60 (Eave.=34 keV). For the TL-Teflon mixture, the energy dependence shows an decreasing trend with the increase of Teflon concentration in MCNP calculation but shows no dependence for TL-Teflon mixture proportions in experiment. These differences are due to the non-homogeneous distribution of Dy concentration and the effect of large grain size in the phosphors. The energy dependence of the 30 wt/o CaSO 4 (0.1 mol%;Dy) and 70 wt/o Teflon that is placed behind the filters of plastic, aluminum, copper, tin and lead with a thickness from 0.1 to 2 mm were calculated, respectively

Electronic band structure study of colossal magnetoresistance in Tl 2Mn 2O 7

Science.gov (United States)

Seo, D.-K.; Whangbo, M.-H.; Subramanian, M. A.

1997-02-01

The electronic structure of Tl 2Mn 2O 7 was examined by performing tight binding band calculations. The overlap between the Mn t 2g- and Tl 6 s-block bands results in a partial filling of the Tl 6 s-block bands. The associated Fermi surface consists of 12 cigar-shape electron pockets with each electron pocket about {1}/{1000} of the first Brillouin zone in size. The Tl 6 s-block bands have orbital contributions from the Mn atoms, and the carrier density is very low. These are important for the occurrence of a colossal magnetoresistance in Tl 2Mn 2O 7.

Synthesis and properties of Tl endash Ba endash Ca endash Cu endash O superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Siegal, M.P.; Venturini, E.L.; Morosin, B.; Aselage, T.L.

1997-01-01

We review the synthesis methods and properties of single crystal, powder and thin film TlBaCaCuO high-temperature superconducting (Tl-HTS) materials. With transition temperatures ≥100K for several compounds, Tl-HTS materials present real opportunities for applications above 77 K. Experiments using (1) single crystals: determined precise structural parameters and identified the complex Tl 1+ -Tl 3+ equilibrium model; (2) powders: studied the complex thermodynamic phase diagram; and (3) epitaxial films: have studied fundamental properties such as electron pair symmetry and the effect of controlled extrinsic defects on flux pinning strength, as well as providing the large-area surfaces required for device applications. copyright 1997 Materials Research Society

Association of Human Leukocyte Antigen DRB1*15 and DRB1*15:01 Polymorphisms with Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Patients with Aplastic Anemia: A Meta-Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Shan; Li, Qing; Zhang, Ying; Li, Qiushuang; Ye, Baodong; Wu, Dijiong; Wu, Li; Lu, Hanti; Ji, Conghua

2016-01-01

This study aimed to review and quantitatively analyze (1) the association of aplastic anemia (AA) with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*15 and HLA-DRB1*15:01 polymorphisms and (2) the association of HLA-DRB1*15 and HLA-DRB1*15:01 polymorphisms with response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in AA. Published studies have reported conflicting and heterogeneous results regarding the association of HLA-DRB1*15 and HLA-DRB1*15:01 polymorphisms with response to IST in AA. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese BioMedical Literature, Wangfang and Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index databases were searched. All relevant publications were searched through December 2015. Odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the comparison between case–control or cohort studies were evaluated. Finally, 24 articles were identified. For HLA-DRB1*15 and HLA-DRB1*15:01, the OR (95% CI) was 2.24(1.33–3.77), P 0.05). Sensitivity analyses revealed that the results were statistically robust. The meta-analysis suggested that HLA-DRB1*15 and HLA-DRB1*15:01 polymorphisms might be associated with increased AA risk in Asians. IST might be more effective in HLA-DRB1*15+ and HLA-DRB1*15:01+ Asian patients with AA than in HLA-DRB1*15− and HLA-DRB1*15:01− Asian patients with AA. Future studies with adequate methodological quality on gene–gene and gene–environment interactions and gene treatment may yield valid results. PMID:27611583

15 years of research on Oral-Facial-Digital syndromes: from 1 to 16 causal genes

Science.gov (United States)

Bruel, Ange-Line; Franco, Brunella; Duffourd, Yannis; Thevenon, Julien; Jego, Laurence; Lopez, Estelle; Deleuze, Jean-François; Doummar, Diane; Giles, Rachel H.; Johnson, Colin A.; Huynen, Martijn A.; Chevrier, Véronique; Burglen, Lydie; Morleo, Manuela; Desguerres, Isabelle; Pierquin, Geneviève; Doray, Bérénice; Gilbert-Dussardier, Brigitte; Reversade, Bruno; Steichen-Gersdorf, Elisabeth; Baumann, Clarisse; Panigrahi, Inusha; Fargeot-Espaliat, Anne; Dieux, Anne; David, Albert; Goldenberg, Alice; Bongers, Ernie; Gaillard, Dominique; Argente, Jesús; Aral, Bernard; Gigot, Nadège; St-Onge, Judith; Birnbaum, Daniel; Phadke, Shubha R.; Cormier-Daire, Valérie; Eguether, Thibaut; Pazour, Gregory J.; Herranz-Pérez, Vicente; Lee, Jaclyn S.; Pasquier, Laurent; Loget, Philippe; Saunier, Sophie; Mégarbané, André; Rosnet, Olivier; Leroux, Michel R.; Wallingford, John B.; Blacque, Oliver E.; Nachury, Maxence V.; Attie-Bitach, Tania; Rivière, Jean-Baptiste; Faivre, Laurence; Thauvin-Robinet, Christel

2017-01-01

Oral-facial-digital syndromes (OFDS) gather rare genetic disorders characterized by facial, oral and digital abnormalities associated with a wide range of additional features (polycystic kidney disease, cerebral malformations and several others) to delineate a growing list of OFD subtypes. The most frequent, OFD type I, is caused by a heterozygous mutation in the OFD1 gene encoding a centrosomal protein. The wide clinical heterogeneity of OFDS suggests the involvement of other ciliary genes. For 15 years, we have aimed to identify the molecular bases of OFDS. This effort has been greatly helped by the recent development of whole exome sequencing (WES). Here, we present all our published and unpublished results for WES in 24 OFDS cases. We identified causal variants in five new genes (C2CD3, TMEM107, INTU, KIAA0753, IFT57) and related the clinical spectrum of four genes in other ciliopathies (C5orf42, TMEM138, TMEM231, WDPCP) to OFDS. Mutations were also detected in two genes previously implicated in OFDS. Functional studies revealed the involvement of centriole elongation, transition zone and intraflagellar transport defects in OFDS, thus characterizing three ciliary protein modules: the complex KIAA0753-FOPNL-OFD1, a regulator of centriole elongation; the MKS module, a major component of the transition zone; and the CPLANE complex necessary for IFT-A assembly. OFDS now appear to be a distinct subgroup of ciliopathies with wide heterogeneity, which makes the initial classification obsolete. A clinical classification restricted to the three frequent/well-delineated subtypes could be proposed, and for patients who do not fit one of these 3 main subtypes, a further classification could be based on the genotype. PMID:28289185

EPR and TL correlation in some powdered Greek white marbles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baieetto, Vanessa E-mail: crpaa@montaigne.u-bordeaux.fr; Villeneuve, Gerard; Guibert, Pierre; Schvoerer, Max

2000-02-01

Thermoluminescence of white powdered marble samples, chosen to display different EPR spectra, were studied. Two peaks at 280 deg. C and 360 deg. C can be observed among the TL glow curves while the EPR spectra exhibit two signals: the A signal with g{sub perp}=2.0038 and g{sub par} =2.0024 due to the SO{sup -}{sub 3} centre and the B one with g{sub 1}=2.0005; g{sub 2}=2.0001; g{sub 3}=1.9998 due to mechanical powder reduction (drilling). Owing to heating and simultaneous experiments, a correlation have been established: the 280 deg. C TL peak is associated to the A signal and thus to the SO{sup -}{sub 3} centre and the 360 deg. C TL peak is caused by mechanical treatment corresponding to the B EPR signal.

Novel laser-processed CsI:Tl detector for SPECT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sabet, H., E-mail: hsabet@mgh.harvard.edu; Uzun-Ozsahin, D.; El-Fakhri, G. [Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129 (United States); Bläckberg, L. [Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129 and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75120 (Sweden)

2016-05-15

Purpose: The aim of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of a novel technique for fabrication of high spatial resolution CsI:Tl scintillation detectors for single photon emission computed tomography systems. Methods: The scintillators are fabricated using laser-induced optical barriers technique to create optical microstructures (or optical barriers) inside the CsI:Tl crystal bulk. The laser-processed CsI:Tl crystals are 3, 5, and 10 mm in thickness. In this work, the authors focus on the simplest pattern of optical barriers in that the barriers are created in the crystal bulk to form pixel-like patterns resembling mechanically pixelated scintillators. The monolithic CsI:Tl scintillator samples are fabricated with optical barrier patterns with 1.0 × 1.0 mm{sup 2} and 0.625 × 0.625 mm{sup 2} pixels. Experiments were conducted to characterize the fabricated arrays in terms of pixel separation and energy resolution. A 4 × 4 array of multipixel photon counter was used to collect the scintillation light in all the experiments. Results: The process yield for fabricating the CsI:Tl arrays is 100% with processing time under 50 min. From the flood maps of the fabricated detectors exposed to 122 keV gammas, peak-to-valley (P/V) ratios of greater than 2.3 are calculated. The P/V values suggest that regardless of the crystal thickness, the pixels can be resolved. Conclusions: The results suggest that optical barriers can be considered as a robust alternative to mechanically pixelated arrays and can provide high spatial resolution while maintaining the sensitivity in a high-throughput and cost-effective manner.

Novel laser-processed CsI:Tl detector for SPECT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sabet, H.; Uzun-Ozsahin, D.; El-Fakhri, G.; Bläckberg, L.

2016-01-01

Purpose: The aim of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of a novel technique for fabrication of high spatial resolution CsI:Tl scintillation detectors for single photon emission computed tomography systems. Methods: The scintillators are fabricated using laser-induced optical barriers technique to create optical microstructures (or optical barriers) inside the CsI:Tl crystal bulk. The laser-processed CsI:Tl crystals are 3, 5, and 10 mm in thickness. In this work, the authors focus on the simplest pattern of optical barriers in that the barriers are created in the crystal bulk to form pixel-like patterns resembling mechanically pixelated scintillators. The monolithic CsI:Tl scintillator samples are fabricated with optical barrier patterns with 1.0 × 1.0 mm"2 and 0.625 × 0.625 mm"2 pixels. Experiments were conducted to characterize the fabricated arrays in terms of pixel separation and energy resolution. A 4 × 4 array of multipixel photon counter was used to collect the scintillation light in all the experiments. Results: The process yield for fabricating the CsI:Tl arrays is 100% with processing time under 50 min. From the flood maps of the fabricated detectors exposed to 122 keV gammas, peak-to-valley (P/V) ratios of greater than 2.3 are calculated. The P/V values suggest that regardless of the crystal thickness, the pixels can be resolved. Conclusions: The results suggest that optical barriers can be considered as a robust alternative to mechanically pixelated arrays and can provide high spatial resolution while maintaining the sensitivity in a high-throughput and cost-effective manner.

Sequence and expression analyses of porcine ISG15 and ISG43 genes.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Jiangnan; Zhao, Shuhong; Zhu, Mengjin; Wu, Zhenfang; Yu, Mei

2009-08-01

The coding sequences of porcine interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and the interferon-stimulated gene (ISG43) were cloned from swine spleen mRNA. The amino acid sequences deduced from porcine ISG15 and ISG43 genes coding sequence shared 24-75% and 29-83% similarity with ISG15s and ISG43s from other vertebrates, respectively. Structural analyses revealed that porcine ISG15 comprises two ubiquitin homologues motifs (UBQ) domain and a conserved C-terminal LRLRGG conjugating motif. Porcine ISG43 contains an ubiquitin-processing proteases-like domain. Phylogenetic analyses showed that porcine ISG15 and ISG43 were mostly related to rat ISG15 and cattle ISG43, respectively. Using quantitative real-time PCR assay, significant increased expression levels of porcine ISG15 and ISG43 genes were detected in porcine kidney endothelial cells (PK15) cells treated with poly I:C. We also observed the enhanced mRNA expression of three members of dsRNA pattern-recognition receptors (PRR), TLR3, DDX58 and IFIH1, which have been reported to act as critical receptors in inducing the mRNA expression of ISG15 and ISG43 genes. However, we did not detect any induced mRNA expression of IFNalpha and IFNbeta, suggesting that transcriptional activations of ISG15 and ISG43 were mediated through IFN-independent signaling pathway in the poly I:C treated PK15 cells. Association analyses in a Landrace pig population revealed that ISG15 c.347T>C (BstUI) polymorphism and the ISG43 c.953T>G (BccI) polymorphism were significantly associated with hematological parameters and immune-related traits.

Non-invasive in vivo imaging with radiolabelled FIAU for monitoring cancer gene therapy using herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase and ganciclovir

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deng, Win-Ping; Lai, Wen-Fu [Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials, Taipei Medical University, Taipei (Taiwan); Yang, Wen K.; Yang, Den-Mei [Institute of Biological Science, Academic Sinica, Taipei (Taiwan); Liu, Ren-Shyan [Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET Cyclotron Center, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (Taiwan); Hwang, Jeng-Jong; Wang, Hsin-Ell [Institute of Radiological Science, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Sec. 2, Lih-Nong Street, 112, Pei-tou, Taipei (Taiwan); Fu, Ying-Kai [Institute of Nuclear Energy, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan (Taiwan)

2004-01-01

An experimental cancer gene therapy model was employed to develop a non-invasive imaging procedure using radiolabelled 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-5-iodo-1-{beta}-d-arabinofuranosyluracil (FIAU) as an enzyme substrate for monitoring retroviral vector-mediated herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene (HSV1-tk) transgene expression. Iodine-131 labelled FIAU was prepared by a no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) synthesis process and lyophilised to give ''hot kits''. The labelling yield was over 95%, with a radiochemical purity of more than 98%. The stability of [{sup 131}I]FIAU in the form of lyophilised powder (the hot kit) was much better than that in the normal saline solution. The shelf life of the final [{sup 131}I]FIAU hot kit product is as long as 4 weeks. Cellular uptake of [{sup 131}I]FIAU after different periods of storage was investigated in vitro with HSV1-tk-retroviral vector transduced NG4TL4-STK and parental non-transduced NG4TL4 murine sarcoma cell lines over an 8-h incubation period. The NG4TL4-STK cells accumulated more radioactivity than NG4TL4 cells in all conditions, and accumulation increased with time up to 8 h. The kinetic profile of the cellular uptake of n.c.a. [{sup 131}I]FIAU formulated from the lyophilised hot kit or from the stock solution was qualitatively similar. For animal model cancer gene therapy studies, FVB/N mice were inoculated subcutaneously with the HSV1-tk(+) and tk(-) sarcoma cells into the flank to produce tumours. Biodistribution studies showed that tumour/blood ratios were 2, 3.5, 8.2 and 386.8 at 1, 4, 8 and 24 h post injection, respectively, for the HSV1-tk(+) tumours, and 0.5, 0.5, 0.7 and 5.4, respectively, for the HSV1-tk(-) tumours. Radiotracer clearance from blood was completed in 24 h and was bi-exponential. A significant difference in radioactivity accumulation was revealed among the HSV1-tk(+) tumours, the tk(-) tumours and other tissues. At 24 h p.i., higher activity retention was observed

Both semiquantitative degree of rest Tl-201 uptake and reversibility at 24 hour-delay were needed to predict wall motion improvement after bypass surgery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, D. S.; Yoon, S. N.; Kim, K. B.; Jeong, Z. K.; Lee, M. C.; Ko, C. S.

1997-01-01

Controversy still exists about how to use the uptake at rest and 24 hour delay in rest redistribution Tl-201 SPECT to predict improvement of wall motion abnormality after bypass surgery. To find the best way to combine diagnostic efficacy of Tl-201 SPECT to predict myocardial viability, we studied the predictive values (positive: PPV, negative: NPV) of rest and 24 hour-delay Tl-201 SPECT in 21 patients. Wall motion was assessed comparing preoperative post-stress gated Tc-99m-MIBI SPECT with that of 3 months after surgery. Four point scoring system was used for 17 myocardial segments to asses uptakes ( 0 to 3 for normal to defect) at rest and 24 hour-delay and wall motion ( 0 to 3 for normal to dyskinesia). Ejection fraction improved after surgery (5011% vs 4313%). Intra-observer and inter-observer reproducibility of EF was 7 and 9% respectively when we used 3D Perfusion-Motion Map. Sixty seven segments showed wall motion abnormality before surgery. Predictive values of rest Tl-201 uptake decrease were as follows: 0: 15/15(100%), 1: 30/34(88%), 2: 6/11 (55%), 3: 3/7(43%). So PPV of mild decrease was 88%, and NPV of severe decrease was 50%. Delayed reversibility was evaluated in 37 segments (15 patients). Twenty seven segment had persistence or aggravation, but the other 10 segments improved at 24 hour delay. PPV of reversible 10 segments was 80%, and NPV of reversibility was only 46%. PPV of combination of rest Tl-201 uptake of mild degree and 24 hour reversibility was 86% (38/44) and NPV of neither one was 88%. We concluded that both semi-quantitative degree of Tl-201 uptake at rest and reversibility at 24 hour delay was the best to warrant or abandon postoperative improvement of abnormal wall motion found at preoperative post-stress gated myocardial SPECT

The usability of a 15-gene hypoxia classifier as a universal hypoxia profile in various cancer cell types

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, Brita Singers; Knudsen, Anders Bisgård; Wittrup, Catja Foged

2015-01-01

genes, with BNIP3 not being upregulated at hypoxic conditions in 3 out of 6 colon cancer cell lines, and ALDOA in OE21 and FAM162A and SLC2A1 in SW116 only showing limited hypoxia induction. Furthermore, in the esophagus cell lines, the normoxic and hypoxic expression levels of LOX and BNIP3 were below...... the tissue type dependency of hypoxia induced genes included in a 15-gene hypoxic profile in carcinoma cell lines from prostate, colon, and esophagus cancer, and demonstrated that in vitro, with minor fluctuations, the genes in the hypoxic profile are hypoxia inducible, and the hypoxia profile may......BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A 15-gene hypoxia profile has previously demonstrated to have both prognostic and predictive impact for hypoxic modification in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. This gene expression profile may also have a prognostic value in other histological cancer types...

Portable in situ NaI(Tl) γ spectroscopy system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Bairong; Dong Binjiang; Zeng Liping; Shen Tingyun

2000-01-01

The author describes a portable in situ NaI(Tl) γ spectroscopy system, which consists of a NaI (Tl) scintillation detector, an integrative spectroscopy card, a notebook computer and spectroscopy software. The spectrometer addresses applications in environmental or nuclear accident in situ γ spectroscopy measurements, and gives valid quantitative results of radionuclide concentrations per unit volume (Bq/kg) or unit area (Bq/cm 2 ) in the soil and absorbed dose rate in air at 1 m above ground (Gy/h)

Mining gene expression data of multiple sclerosis.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pi Guo

Full Text Available Microarray produces a large amount of gene expression data, containing various biological implications. The challenge is to detect a panel of discriminative genes associated with disease. This study proposed a robust classification model for gene selection using gene expression data, and performed an analysis to identify disease-related genes using multiple sclerosis as an example.Gene expression profiles based on the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a total of 44 samples from 26 multiple sclerosis patients and 18 individuals with other neurological diseases (control were analyzed. Feature selection algorithms including Support Vector Machine based on Recursive Feature Elimination, Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve, and Boruta algorithms were jointly performed to select candidate genes associating with multiple sclerosis. Multiple classification models categorized samples into two different groups based on the identified genes. Models' performance was evaluated using cross-validation methods, and an optimal classifier for gene selection was determined.An overlapping feature set was identified consisting of 8 genes that were differentially expressed between the two phenotype groups. The genes were significantly associated with the pathways of apoptosis and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. TNFSF10 was significantly associated with multiple sclerosis. A Support Vector Machine model was established based on the featured genes and gave a practical accuracy of ∼86%. This binary classification model also outperformed the other models in terms of Sensitivity, Specificity and F1 score.The combined analytical framework integrating feature ranking algorithms and Support Vector Machine model could be used for selecting genes for other diseases.

A Single Dose of LSD Does Not Alter Gene Expression of the Serotonin 2A Receptor Gene (HTR2A) or Early Growth Response Genes (EGR1-3) in Healthy Subjects

Science.gov (United States)

Dolder, Patrick C.; Grünblatt, Edna; Müller, Felix; Borgwardt, Stefan J.; Liechti, Matthias E.

2017-01-01

Rationale: Renewed interest has been seen in the use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in psychiatric research and practice. The repeated use of LSD leads to tolerance that is believed to result from serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT2A receptor downregulation. In rats, daily LSD administration for 4 days decreased frontal cortex 5-HT2A receptor binding. Additionally, a single dose of LSD acutely increased expression of the early growth response genes EGR1 and EGR2 in rat and mouse brains through 5-HT2A receptor stimulation. No human data on the effects of LSD on gene expression has been reported. Therefore, we investigated the effects of single-dose LSD administration on the expression of the 5-HT2A receptor gene (HTR2A) and EGR1-3 genes. Methods: mRNA expression levels were analyzed in whole blood as a peripheral biomarker in 15 healthy subjects before and 1.5 and 24 h after the administration of LSD (100 μg) and placebo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Results: LSD did not alter the expression of the HTR2A or EGR1-3 genes 1.5 and 24 h after administration compared with placebo. Conclusion: No changes were observed in the gene expression of LSD’s primary target receptor gene or genes that are implicated in its downstream effects. Remaining unclear is whether chronic LSD administration alters gene expression in humans. PMID:28701958

Coronary collateral circulation during exercise assessed with stress Tl-201 SPECT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tanaka, Takeshi; Aizawa, Tadanori

1995-01-01

Stree Tl-201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was undertaken in 25 patients with complete occlusion of the left anterior descending artery in which the major collateral circulation was septal segment supplied by the right posterior descending artery with no significant occlusion. The ratio of blood flow in ischemic area to that in normal area was quantitatively determined on Tl-201 images, and the degree of ischemia was expressed by Tl uptake ratio. Ischemia was found in 22 of the 25 patients. Of the 22 patients, 9 showed Tl uptake ratio of less than 50%. Tl uptake ratio in the inferior segment was 76.8±10.3%. In 11 patients, it was less than 75%. Redistribution images were acquired in 19 patients. Changes in Tl uptake ratio on the 90 degrees projection of the septum were less than 20%, with a lowest value of 59.1±11.3% in 14 patients; and these were 20% or more, with a lowest value of 45.2±11.1% in 8 patients. When coronary collateral circulation is not supplied by exercise, septal perfusion may be decreased. In cases of complete occlusion of the anteiror descending artery, ischemia may not uniform over the whole ischemic area and may be noticeable around the anterior descending artery. In cases of lesions in the anteior descending artery, however, collateral circulation supplied by the right coronary artery may occur by exercise when ischemia in the anterior segment was severer than in the septal segment. (N.K.)

Dipyridamole 201Tl scintigraphy in the evaluation of prognosis after myocardial infarction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okada, R.D.; Glover, D.K.; Leppo, J.A.

1991-01-01

Dipyridamole 201Tl imaging has been proposed as an alternative to exercise ECG testing for the prehospital discharge evaluation of patients recovering from myocardial infarction. The rationale is that many postinfarction patients with exercise-induced ischemia experience later cardiac events, and the sensitivity of predischarge exercise ECG testing in patients with multivessel disease ranges from only 45% to 62%. In addition, several groups of investigators have shown the sensitivity of submaximum exercise 201Tl imaging to be less than ideal. This report summarizes the current status of dipyridamole 201Tl imaging in the period of 1-13 days after myocardial infarction. Although the number of studies performed to date is limited, the following conclusions can be drawn: dipyridamole 201Tl imaging after myocardial infarction was associated with no serious side effects, and those present could be quickly reversed with aminophylline; redistribution with dipyridamole 201Tl images definitely correlates with prognosis after uncomplicated myocardial infarction; dipyridamole 201Tl imaging is definitely useful in patients unable to exercise for a variety of reasons; and future studies are definitely indicated to further define the role of dipyridamole 201Tl imaging for assessing prognosis, especially in those patients undergoing interventional therapy after acute myocardial infarction

A novel missense mutation of ADAR1 gene in a Chinese family ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

This study was mainlyto explore the pathogenic mutation of ADAR1 gene and provide genetics counselling and prenatal diagnostic testing for childbearing individuals.Mutational analysis of ADAR1 gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoretic separation of PCR products by 1.5% agarose ...

Effects of cross talk on dual energy SPECT imaging between [sup 123]I-BMIPP and [sup 201]Tl

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morita, Masato; Narita, Hitoshi; Yamamoto, Juro; Fukutake, Naoshige; Ohyanagi, Mitsumasa; Iwasaki, Tadaaki; Fukuchi, Minoru (Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya (Japan))

1994-01-01

The study was undertaken to determine how much cross talk influences the visual assessment of dual energy single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) images with iodine 123 beta-methyl-p-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (I-123 BMIPP) and thallium-201 in 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction. After single SPECT with I-123 BMIPP was undertaken, simultaneous dual SPECT with I-123 BMIPP and Tl-201 were undertaken in all patients. Three patients also underwent single SPECT with Tl-201. I-123 BMIPP and Tl-201 uptake was graded in four-score for the comparison between single and dual SPECT images. There was good correlation between dual energy SPECT and both single I-123 BMIPP SPECT (pS=0.97) and single Tl-201 SPECT (pS=0.59). Uptake scores were increased on dual energy SPECT, compared with single I-123 SPECT (8 out of 132 segments) and single Tl-201 SPECT (12 out of 36 segments). Overall, there was a comparatively well correlation between single SEPCT with either I-123 BMIPP or Tl-201 and dual energy SPECT images. However, one tracer uptake sometimes increased in the other tracer defect areas. This was noticeable when I-123 BMIPP exerted an effect on Tl-201. (N.K.).

Difference in {sup 201}TlCl accumulation mechanism in brain tumors. A comparison of their Na{sup +}-K{sup +} ATPase activities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugo, Nobuo; Kuroki, Takao; Nemoto, Masaaki; Mito, Toshiaki; Seiki, Yoshikatsu; Shibata, Iekado [Toho Univ., Tokyo (Japan). Omori Hospital

2000-07-01

The accumulation levels of {sup 201}TlCl and Na{sup +} -K{sup +} ATPase activity in tumor tissue were compared among glioblastoma, benign glioma and meningioma to study the difference in the mechanism of {sup 201}TlCl accumulation. The subjects were 19 cases comprised of 6 glioblastoma, 2 oligodendroglioma, 1 fibrillary astrocytoma, 1 pilocytic astrocytoma and 9 meningioma. Preoperative {sup 201}TlCl SPECT was performed in all the cases, and Thallium Index (TL index) was calculated by a ratio of {sup 201}TlCl in the tumor area and the contralateral area. In addition, cell membrane was extracted from the tumor tissue collected intraoperatively to determine Na{sup +} -K{sup +} ATPase activity. No statistically significant difference in TL index was noted between the glioblastoma group (6.97{+-}2.67) and the meningioma group (5.87{+-}1.99). This fact showed that there was no difference in the accumulation level of {sup 201}TlCl between the two groups. On the other hand, the glioblastoma group indicated a higher value of Na{sup +} -K{sup +} ATPase activity (49.13{+-}43.76 {mu}mole/hour/mg protein) than the meningioma group (7.73{+-}13.84 {mu}mol/hour/mg protein) (p<0.05, t test). These results suggested the involvement of Na{sup +} -K{sup +} ATPase activity in {sup 201}TlCl accumulation in glioblastoma and the influences of other accumulation mechanism than Na{sup +} -K{sup +} ATPase activity such as the volume of intratumoral vascular bed in meningioma. (author)

Preparation of biaxially oriented TlCu-1234 thin films

CERN Document Server

Khan, N A; Tateai, F; Kojima, T; Ishida, K; Terada, N; Ihara, H

1999-01-01

The single phase of TlCu-1234 superconductor thin films is prepared for the first time by the amorphous phase epitaxy (APE) method, which is thallium treatment of sputtered amorphous phase at 900 degrees C for 1 h. The amorphous $9 phase is prepared by sputtering from the stoichiometric target composition CuBa/sub 2/Ca/sub 3/Cu/sub 4/O/sub 12-y/. The films on the SrTiO/sub 3/ substrate are aligned biaxially after the thallium treatment. Highly reproducible $9 TlCu-1234 films are prepared by this method. The XRD reflected a predominant single phase with the c-axis lattice constant of 18.74 AA. This lattice constant value is in between that of Cu-1234 (17.99 AA) and Tl-1234 (19.11 AA) . The $9 pole figure measurements of (103) reflection of the films showed a-axis-oriented crystals with Delta phi =0.8 degrees . The composition of the films after energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements is Tl/sub 0.8/Cu/sub 0.2/Ba/sub $9 2/Ca/sub 3/Cu/sub 4/O /sub 12-y/. From the resistivity measurements, the T/sub c/ is 113 K...

NaI(Tl) response functions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vega C, H. R.; Ortiz R, J. M.; Benites R, J. L.; De Leon M, H. A.

2015-09-01

The response functions of a NaI(Tl) detector have been estimated using Monte Carlo methods. Response functions were calculated for monoenergetic photon sources (0.05 to 3 MeV). Responses were calculated for point-like sources and for sources distributed in Portland cement cylinders. The responses were used to calculate the efficiency functions in term of photon energy. Commonly, sources used for calibration are point-like, and eventually sources to be measured have different features. In order to use the calibrated sources corrections due to solid angle, self-absorption and scattering, must be carried out. However, some of these corrections are not easy to perform. In this work, the calculated responses were used to estimate the detector efficiency of point-like sources, and sources distributed in Portland type cement. Samples of Portland paste were prepared and were exposed to photoneutrons produced by a 15 MV linac. Some of the elements in the cement were activated producing γ-emitting radionuclides that were measured with a NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer, that was calibrated with point-like sources. In order to determine the specific activity in the induced radioisotopes calculated efficiencies were used to make corrections due to the differences between the solid angle, photon absorption and photon scattering in the point-like calibration sources and the sources distributed in cement. During the interaction between photoneutrons and the cement samples three radioisotopes were induced: 56 Mn, 24 Na, and 28 Al. (Author)

NaI(Tl) response functions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vega C, H. R.; Ortiz R, J. M. [Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Unidad Academica de Estudios Nucleares, Cipres No. 10, Fracc. La Penuela, 98068 Zacatecas, Zac. (Mexico); Benites R, J. L. [Centro Estatal de Cancerologia de Nayarit, Calz. de la Cruz 118 Sur, Tepic, Nayarit (Mexico); De Leon M, H. A., E-mail: fermineutron@yahoo.com.mx [Instituto Tecnologico de Aguascalientes, Av. Adolfo Lopez Mateos 1801 Ote., 20155 Aguascalientes, Ags. (Mexico)

2015-09-15

The response functions of a NaI(Tl) detector have been estimated using Monte Carlo methods. Response functions were calculated for monoenergetic photon sources (0.05 to 3 MeV). Responses were calculated for point-like sources and for sources distributed in Portland cement cylinders. The responses were used to calculate the efficiency functions in term of photon energy. Commonly, sources used for calibration are point-like, and eventually sources to be measured have different features. In order to use the calibrated sources corrections due to solid angle, self-absorption and scattering, must be carried out. However, some of these corrections are not easy to perform. In this work, the calculated responses were used to estimate the detector efficiency of point-like sources, and sources distributed in Portland type cement. Samples of Portland paste were prepared and were exposed to photoneutrons produced by a 15 MV linac. Some of the elements in the cement were activated producing γ-emitting radionuclides that were measured with a NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer, that was calibrated with point-like sources. In order to determine the specific activity in the induced radioisotopes calculated efficiencies were used to make corrections due to the differences between the solid angle, photon absorption and photon scattering in the point-like calibration sources and the sources distributed in cement. During the interaction between photoneutrons and the cement samples three radioisotopes were induced: {sup 56}Mn, {sup 24}Na, and {sup 28}Al. (Author)

Studies on portal systemic circulation by oral administration of 201Tl enclosed enteric coated capsule

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tonami, Norihisa; Nakajima, Kenichi; Watanabe, Naoto

1986-01-01

Thallium-201 enclosed enteric coated capsule was prepared and administered orally to evaluate portal systemic circulation in 11 control subjects and 31 patients with various liver diseases by investigating scintigraphic appearance and the heart-to-liver uptake ratio (H/L ratio). In 10 patients with liver cirrhosis and one with chronic hepatitis, the results of H/L ratio were compared to those obtained by 201 Tl per-rectal administration. 1. It was fundamentally confirmed that 201 Tl enclosed enteric coated capsule was not broken down in the artificial gastric juice, but nearly completely melted 15 minutes after soaking in the artificial intestinal juice. 2. Clinical study was successfully completed in 36 out of 42 cases (86 %). Unsuccessful cases were found in 2 with capsule collapse in the stomach and 4 with its poor moving to the duodenum. 3. In control subjects the liver was clearly visualized and the mean value of H/L ratio was 0.32 which is lower than that of 201 Tl per-rectal administration previously reported. H/L ratio in patients with chronic and acute hepatitis was nearly equal to that in control subjects. H/L ratio in patients with liver cirrhosis was slightly higher than that in control subjects, but there was no significant difference between them. In cases with esophageal varices, H/L ratio was not so high compared to that in control subjects. Out of 7 patients showing high H/L ratio more than 0.8 in 201 Tl per-rectal administration, only one showed similar high ratio (1.07) in oral administration of 201 Tl enclosed enteric coated capsule. In this case the shunting from superior mesenteric vein to inferior vena cava connection was confirmed. From these results, it was considered that the shunting volume of superior mesenteric vein through esophageal varices is small. 4. A possibility of a new administration of radioisotope with enteric coated capsule was emphasized. (author)

Improvements in the Tl dosimetry for Radiotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bustos, S.; Velez, G.; Rubio, M.

1998-01-01

The thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) in vivo has been demonstrated to be one of the most reliable for the control of radiotherapeutic treatments, but the delay in the response is the main disadvantage in its applicability. In this work are presented important improvements and it is demonstrated that maintaining the accuracy and reliability of the technique, it is possible to accelerate the response times at a few hours. To realize this work is utilized a lecturer Harshaw 4000, dosemeters LiF-TLD-100 chips (3.1 x 3.1 x 0.89 mm 3 ) and rods (1 x 1 x 6 mm 3 ). With the implementation of a glow curve analysis program developed in CIEMAT, its obtained a Tl peaks separation in such manner rapid and accurate, by that the thermal treatment of dosemeters may be reduced at one unique annealing pre-irradiation for 1 hr at 400 Centigrade. It is realized a periodical and individual calibration of the TLD and a study of the factors which influencing the ratio Tl signal-dose as linearity, correction by energy, directional response and pride of Tl signal. the results of this study are introducing in a calculation list specially designed and which allows to obtain absorbed dose by TLD starting of the dates (dosimetric peaks area) which appear of the glow curves analysis. The dose is obtained with an accuracy less than 5 %. The dosemeters already irradiated (in vivo) are analysed and informed in only four hours, allowing a greater control of the treatment and a correction of the possible errors for the next session, still in bi fractional treatments. The method implemented results thus accurate, rapid and reliable. (Author)

Štúdium oneskoreného štiepenia po $\\beta$-rozpade v izotopoch $^{178-182}$Tl

CERN Document Server

Andel, Boris

Topic of the thesis is $\\beta$-delayed fission. We describe nuclear fission, more specifically $\\beta$-delayed fission and its importance in the theoretical part of the thesis. We look briefly to four models of fission barriers (FRLDM, Thomas-Fermi, LSD and ETFSI model) and to $\\alpha$- and $\\beta$-decay of the nucleus. In the beginning of the experimental part of the thesis we describe ISOLDE facility at CERN and the detection setup of our experiment. In result part of the thesis, we are comparing models of fission barriers and analyzing data from the experiment IS466 –(2), which was undertook at ISOLDE. Four separate measurements were performed with the direct production of isotopes $^{178}$Tl, $^{180}$Tl, $^{182}$Tl and $^{202}$Fr. We evaluated delayed fission probabilities of produced isotopes $P_{βDF}\\,$($^{178}$Tl) = (2,8 ± 1,1)$\\times$10$^{-3}$, $P_{βDF}\\,$($^{180}$Tl) = (3,9 ± 1,1)$\\times$10$^{-5}$, $P_{βDF}\\,$($^{182}$Tl) < 1,4$\\times$10$^{-8}$ and $P_{βDF}\\,$($^{202}$Fr) = (2,1 ± 0,4)...

Pulse shaper for scintillation detectors with NaI(Tl) or CsI(Tl) crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Novisov, B.S.; Maksimenko, A.S.; Baryshev, A.V.; Zhukov, A.V.

1978-01-01

The basic circuit of a signal shaper for scintillation detectors with NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl) crystals is described. To increase amplitude resolution, it is suggested to integrate not the whole charge at the photomultiplier output, but a part of the charge during the initial 100 ns of the current pulse; the remaining part of the current signal is compensated directly at the photomultiplier anode by means of an electric circuit. The principal elements of the spectrometric signal shaper include an input transistor amplifier, a compensation circuit, a key element, a shaper amplifier of time pulses, a shaper of signal duration for controlling the key element, and an output spectrometric amplifier. This device, being used, one can shape pulses at durations of 100 ns and more. The shaper restoration time does not exceed 50 ns. When the shaper operates with NaI(Tl) crystals and at counting rate of 10 6 pulse/s, the amplitude resolution with and without the compensation circuit is 17% and 21% respectively

Investigation of characteristics of sup 2 sup 0 sup 1 Tl -> sup 2 sup 0 sup 1 Hg

CERN Document Server

Kharitonov, V V

2002-01-01

The estimated intensities of transitions on the ground and first-excited levels in the sup 2 sup 0 sup 1 Hg at the decay of sup 2 sup 0 sup 1 Tl and estimated constants lg ft are obtained from the analysis of the relative intensities of the mercury M sub 4 N sub 6 sub , sub 7 N sub 6 sub , sub 7 Auger-electron line, initiated by the e-capture and of the conversion O sub 3 -mercury line, due to the nuclear transition with the energy 1.56 keV

Exploring the thermoelectric and magnetic properties of uranium selenides: Tl2Ag2USe4 and Tl3Cu4USe6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Azam, Sikander; Khan, Saleem Ayaz; Din, Haleem Ud; Khenata, Rabah; Goumri-Said, Souraya

2016-01-01

The electronic, magnetic and thermoelectric properties of Tl 2 Ag 2 USe 4 and Tl 3 Cu 4 USe 6 compounds were investigated using the full potential linear augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method based on the density functional theory (DFT). The exchange correlation was treated with the generalized gradient approximation plus optimized effective Hubbard parameter and spin–orbit coupling (GGA+U+SOC). The present uranium selenides show narrow direct energy band gap values of 0.7 and 0.875 eV for Tl 2 Ag 2 USe 4 and Tl 3 Cu 4 USe 6 respectively. For both selenides U-d/f states are responsible for electrical transport properties. Uranium atoms were the most contributors in the magnetic moment compared to other atoms and show ferromagnetic nature. The spin density isosurfaces show the polarization of neighboring atoms of Uranium, such as silver/copper and selenium. Thermoelectric calculations reveal that Tl 3 Cu 4 USe 6 is more suitable for thermoelectric device applications than Tl 2 Ag 2 USe 4 . - Highlights: • Electronic, magnetic and thermoelectric properties of uranium selenides are investigated with DFT. • They show a narrow direct energy band gap of 0.7 and 0.875 eV. • U-d/f states are responsible for electrical transport properties. • Tl 3 Cu 4 USe 6 is more suitable for thermoelectric device applications than Tl 2 Ag 2 USe 4 .

Color centers in heavily irradiated CsI(Tl) crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yakovlev, V.; Meleshko, A.; Trefilova, L.

2008-01-01

The absorption and luminescence properties of CsI(Tl) crystals colored by irradiation are studied by the method of the time-resolved spectroscopy. The scheme of the electron transitions in CsI(Tl) crystal is suggested to explain the appearance of the color centers under exposure to the near-UV light. It is established that either of the two types activator color centers holds the charge carrier with opposite sign. The model of the hole Tl 2+ v c - activator color center is suggested. According to the model the positive charge of Tl 2+ ion is compensated by the negative charge of a close cation vacancy v c - . The color center emission reveals in the cathode-luminescence spectrum of the colored CsI(Tl) crystal. The high-dose irradiation of CsI(Tl) crystal results in the reduction of the decay time of the near-thallium self-trapped excitons (STE) emission. The decay kinetics of Tl 2+ v c - emission contains the time components typical for the decay kinetics of near-thallium STE emission. The reason of the observed effects is the energy transfer from the near-thallium STE excitons to the color centers via the inductive-resonant mechanism

Real-time in-situ monitoring of the topotactic transformation of TlCu{sub 3}Se{sub 2} into TlCu{sub 2}Se{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ångström, J.; Sahlberg, M.; Berger, R.

2015-07-15

Highlights: • Topotactic transition from TlCu{sub 3}Se{sub 2} to TlCu{sub 2}Se{sub 2} followed in situ. • Synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction enabled short scans. • Relative abundance of phases refined from powder data. • Opens up for studying similar systems in the same manner. - Abstract: The solid state transformation of monoclinic TlCu{sub 3}Se{sub 2} into tetragonal TlCu{sub 2}Se{sub 2} by oxidative copper leaching in concentrated ammonia solution has been studied in situ by the use of synchrotron radiation. The diffraction patterns of parent and daughter phase are both sharp, indicating a strong topotactic relationship between them that effectuates a rapid change by “chimie douce” performed at +19 °C. The transformation rate is strongly connected to the access of oxygen from the surrounding air. The transformation was followed in a real-time mode, being almost complete after 2.5 h with 1 h incubation due to low oxygen content, as shown from refining the diffraction patterns by Rietveld profile technique.

ESR and TL age determination of caliche nodules

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oezer, A.M. (Middle East Technical Univ., Ankara (Turkey)); Wieser, A.; Goeksu, H.Y.; Mueller, P.; Regulla, D.F. (Gesellschaft fuer Strahlen- und Umweltforschung mbH Muenchen, Neuherberg (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Strahlenschutz); Erol, O. (Istanbul Univ. (Turkey). School of Geography and Marine Sciences)

1989-01-01

Feasibility of dating caliche nodules by ESR and TL is investigated. For both methods the properties of the dating signal are described. Chemical composition as well as TL glow curves of caliches originating from different localities exhibit some differences. Due to the complexity of the TL glow curves, some samples required a special post-annealing procedure in order to resolve the main TL peak for age determination. Typical ESR calcite signals do not exist in caliche, therefore usefulness of the g=2.0040 ESR signal is studied. The results of TL and ESR ages are found to be compatible except for two samples. Possible causes of the discrepancy in these samples are discussed. It is shown that, with proper treatment of the radiation-induced signals, it was possible to date caliche formations older than 350 ka, which is not achievable with other methods like uranium series disequilibrium and/or radiocarbon dating. (author).

ESR and TL age determination of caliche nodules

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oezer, A.M.; Wieser, A.; Goeksu, H.Y.; Mueller, P.; Regulla, D.F.; Erol, O.

1989-01-01

Feasibility of dating caliche nodules by ESR and TL is investigated. For both methods the properties of the dating signal are described. Chemical composition as well as TL glow curves of caliches originating from different localities exhibit some differences. Due to the complexity of the TL glow curves, some samples required a special post-annealing procedure in order to resolve the main TL peak for age determination. Typical ESR calcite signals do not exist in caliche, therefore usefulness of the g=2.0040 ESR signal is studied. The results of TL and ESR ages are found to be compatible except for two samples. Possible causes of the discrepancy in these samples are discussed. It is shown that, with proper treatment of the radiation-induced signals, it was possible to date caliche formations older than 350 ka, which is not achievable with other methods like uranium series disequilibrium and/or radiocarbon dating. (author)

Bonding and M?ssbauer Isomer Shifts in (Tl,Pb) - 1223 Cuprate

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2002-01-01

By using the chemical bond theory of dielectric description,the chemical bond parameters of (Tl,Pb) - 1223 was calculated.The results show that the Sr-O,Tl-O,and Ca-O types of bond have higher ionic character and the Cu-O types of bond have more covalent character.M?ssbauer isomer shifts of 57Fe and 119Sn doped in (Tl,Pb) -1223 were calculated by using the chemical environmental factor,he,defined by covalency and electronic polarizability.Four valence state tin and three valence iron sites were identified in 57Fe,and 119Sn doped (Tl,Pb) -1223 superconductor.We conclude that all of the Fe atoms substitute the Cu at square planar Cu (1) site,whereas Sn prefers to substitute the square pyramidal Cu (2) site.

Binuclear Pt-Tl bonded complex with square pyramidal coordination around Pt: a combined multinuclear NMR, EXAFS, UV-Vis, and DFT/TDDFT study in dimethylsulfoxide solution.

Science.gov (United States)

Purgel, Mihály; Maliarik, Mikhail; Glaser, Julius; Platas-Iglesias, Carlos; Persson, Ingmar; Tóth, Imre

2011-07-04

The structure and bonding of a new Pt-Tl bonded complex formed in dimethylsulfoxide (dmso), (CN)(4)Pt-Tl(dmso)(5)(+), have been studied by multinuclear NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies, and EXAFS measurements in combination with density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. This complex is formed following the equilibrium reaction Pt(CN)(4)(2-) + Tl(dmso)(6)(3+) ⇆ (CN)(4)Pt-Tl(dmso)(5)(+) + dmso. The stability constant of the Pt-Tl bonded species, as determined using (13)C NMR spectroscopy, amounts to log K = 2.9 ± 0.2. The (NC)(4)Pt-Tl(dmso)(5)(+) species constitutes the first example of a Pt-Tl bonded cyanide complex in which the sixth coordination position around Pt (in trans with respect to the Tl atom) is not occupied. The spectral parameters confirm the formation of the metal-metal bond, but differ substantially from those measured earlier in aqueous solution for complexes (CN)(5)Pt-Tl(CN)(n)(H(2)O)(x)(n-) (n = 0-3). The (205) Tl NMR chemical shift, δ = 75 ppm, is at extraordinary high field, while spin-spin coupling constant, (1)J(Pt-Tl) = 93 kHz, is the largest measured to date for a Pt-Tl bond in the absence of supporting bridging ligands. The absorption spectrum is dominated by two strong absorption bands in the UV region that are assigned to MMCT (Pt → Tl) and LMCT (dmso → Tl) bands, respectively, on the basis of MO and TDDFT calculations. The solution of the complex has a bright yellow color as a result of a shoulder present on the low energy side of the band at 355 nm. The geometry of the (CN)(4)Pt-Tl core can be elucidated from NMR data, but the particular stoichiometry and structure involving the dmso ligands are established by using Tl and Pt L(III)-edge EXAFS measurements. The Pt-Tl bond distance is 2.67(1) Å, the Tl-O bond distance is 2.282(6) Å, and the Pt-C-N entity is linear with Pt-C and Pt···N distances amounting to 1.969(6) and 3.096(6) Å, respectively. Geometry optimizations on

AG, TL, and IRSL dosimetric properties in X-ray irradiated HPHT diamond crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gil-Tolano, M.I. [Programa de Posgrado, Departamento de Investigacion en Fisica, Universidad de Sonora, A. P. 5-088, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83190, Mexico (Mexico); Melendrez, R.; Lancheros-Olmos, J.C.; Soto-Puebla, D.; Chernov, V.; Pedroza-Montero, M.; Barboza-Flores, M. [Departamento de Investigacion en Fisica, Universidad de Sonora, A. P. 5-088, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83190, Mexico (Mexico); Castaneda, B. [Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83000, Mexico (Mexico)

2014-10-15

HPHT diamonds have been studied for several years for their potential in different applications. In previous studies it has been found that the thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves of ''as-grown'' HPHT diamonds are non-reproducible. In this work, we study the afterglow (AG), thermoluminescent (TL), and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) response of commercial samples of synthetic HPHT type-Ib diamond crystals exposed to X-ray irradiation (0.75 mA, 35 kV) at a dose rate of 0.624 Gy/s, after a high gamma ({sup 60}Co) dose irradiation of 500 kGy followed by a thermal treatment at 1073 K for 1 h in nitrogen atmosphere. Deconvolution of the TL glow curves shows four peaks, located around 379, 509, 561, and 609 K. The crystals exhibit evident AG recorded for 300 s immediately after X-ray irradiation, due to the thermal emptying of the traps responsible for the low-temperature TL peaks (below 400 K). The stimulation of irradiated crystals with 870-nm light, creates pronounced OSL and destroys all TL peaks with the exception of the high-temperature peak at 609 K. The dose responses of the integrated AG, TL, and OSL are linear in the range of 0.6-5 Gy and saturated at higher doses. The reproducibility of AG, TL, and OSL measurements is about 5%. The fading in the first hour of storage in dark conditions at RT of TL signal of HPHT diamond is mainly associated to the emptying of the traps responsible for the 379-K TL peaks. (copyright 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Preclinical pharmacological study of 99mTcN(NOET)2 and comparison with 201Tl in redistribution of ischemia myocardium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, J.C.; Zhang, J.B.; Wang, Q.; Mi, H.Z.; Wang, X.B.

2002-01-01

Aim: To study the biological properties of the myocardial imaging agent 99m TcN(NOET) 2 and compare with 201 Tl in redistribution of ischemia myocardium. Materials and Methods: To prepared the 99m TcN(NOET) 2 complex, the intermediate [ 99m TcN] 2+ and ligand NOET were synthesized. In the presence of reducer and the doner of N, the [ 99m Tc=N] 2+ could be synthesized at 100, then NOET was added, 99m TcN(NOET) 2 was formed at room temperature. 201 Tl was provided by the Department of Isotope, China Institute of Atomic Energy. Five dogs were from the Fu Wai experimental animal feeding center, two of them were made into ischemia myocardium models by ligating some coronary artery branches were demonstrated by X-ray coronary angiography, the extent of stenosis of those blood vessels was over 90%. Dynamic imaging of rest was performed respectively in three normal dogs after injecting a dose of 555MBq (15mCi) of 99m TcN(NOET) 2 complex up to two hours. The whole body imaging planar and tomography imaging was carried out respectively at fixed time intervals during two hours in order to obtain the time-activity curves of heart, lung and liver, in vivo biodistribution and quality analysis of myocardial images. Moreover, intravenous blood samples were collected at different times to gain the kinetics of blood clearance. Stress and redistribution imaging underwent in two dogs with ischemia myocardium. Dipyridamol was given intravenously at a dose of 0.6mg/Kg in 4 mins. Stress :9 9m TcN(NOET) 2 myocardial SPECT imaging was performed at 30, 70 and 110 min after injection of 99m TcN(NOET) 2 complex, stress 201 Tl myocardial SPECT imaging was carried out 10 min and redistribution imaging 4 hr after injection of 55.5MBq (1.5mCi) 201 Tl chloride. The tests of 99m TcN(NOET) 2 and 201 Tl were performed respectively in the same dog within 10 days, in order to obtain a comparison between two myocardial redistribution imaging. Results: Radiochemical purity of 99m TcN(NOET) 2 was 98.41%�

Electrochemically produced alumina as TL detector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Osvay, M.

1996-01-01

The goal of this work was to compare the TL properties of various electrochemically produced alumina layers (E-AIO) in order to investigate the effect of the electrolyte and the Mg content on the alloys. It has been found that the TL sensitivity of oxidised layers is more influenced by the type of electrolyte, than by the composition of alloy. Hard oxide layer evolved in reduction electrolyte has rather different character compared to other alumina production investigated. The effect of reducing media seems to be very important during preparation of alumina layer. One of the advantages properties of E-AIO is, that it serve a promising method to increase the measuring range of TL method above 10 kGy as well. (author)

Computerized study with 201Tl of the gold thyroid node

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Palermo, F.; Saitta, B.; Coghetto, F.; Tiberio, M.; Caldato, L.

1982-01-01

Because of its physical and potassium-metabolic characteristics 201 Tl is more suitable than 131 Cs for radioisotopic studies of the cold thyroid nodule, with the further diagnostic possibility of quantitatively assessing intranodular behaviour for a specific differentiation among different kinds of neoformations. Using a gamma-camera on line with a computer data processing device, sequential scintiscans were recorded for the first 20-30 min after i.v. administration of 15-20 μCi/kg of radiothallium; delayed sequences were taken at 40-60 min if intranodular uptake appeared. A quantitative appraisal was made of the differential 201 Tl uptake-ratio between nodule and healthy thyroid tissue (density-index) and the multiparameter analysis of thyroid time/activity curves generated on the relative regions of interest (ROIs). This computerized study, in 120 out of 293 patients submitted to this radiothallium test, has shown a) diagnostic agreement between clinical-histological and radioisotopic findings in 76 out of 79 colloid-cystic or degenerative neoformations, in all 16 malignant and in 23 out of 25 hyperplastic benign nodules; b) significant statistical difference of the density-index in solid versus cystic but not between benign and malignant nodules; c) different 201 Tl kinetics behaviour in different kinds of solid thyroid lesions with a satisfactory statistical difference of the radiothallium nodular dissappearance-index. (orig.) [de

Marfan syndrome with a complex chromosomal rearrangement including deletion of the FBN1 gene

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Colovati Mileny ES

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The majority of Marfan syndrome (MFS cases is caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1, mapped to chromosome 15q21.1. Only few reports on deletions including the whole FBN1 gene, detected by molecular cytogenetic techniques, were found in literature. Results We report here on a female patient with clinical symptoms of the MFS spectrum plus craniostenosis, hypothyroidism and intellectual deficiency who presents a 1.9 Mb deletion, including the FBN1 gene and a complex rearrangement with eight breakpoints involving chromosomes 6, 12 and 15. Discussion This is the first report of MFS with a complex chromosome rearrangement involving a deletion of FBN1 and contiguous genes. In addition to the typical clinical findings of the Marfan syndrome due to FBN1 gene haploinsufficiency, the patient presents features which may be due to the other gene deletions and possibly to the complex chromosome rearrangement.

Serine/threonine kinase 15 gene polymorphism and risk of digestive system cancers: A meta-analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Luo, Jianfei; Yan, Ruicheng; Zou, Li

2015-01-01

Previous studies have reported an association between the two coding polymorphisms (91T>A and 169G>A) of the serine/threonine kinase 15 (STK15) gene and the risk of digestive system cancers; however, the results are inconsistent. In the present study, a meta-analysis was carried out to assess the association between the two STK15 polymorphisms and the risk of digestive system cancers. Relevant studies were identified using PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang and VIP databases up to February 18, 2014. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the fixed or random effects model. A total of 15 case-control studies from 14 publications were included. Of these, 15 studies concerned the 91T>A polymorphism and included 7,619 cases and 7,196 controls and four studies concerned the 161G>A polymorphism and included 826 cases and 713 controls. A significantly increased risk of digestive system cancers was observed for the 91T>A polymorphism (recessive model: OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.31). In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, a significant association was detected in Asian populations (recessive model: OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08-1.36) but not in Caucasian and mixed populations. Stratification by tumor type indicated that the 91T>A polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of esophageal and colorectal cancers under the recessive model (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03-1.38; and OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04-1.46; respectively); however, no significant association was observed between the 169G>A polymorphism and the risk of digestive system cancers in any of the genetic models. Furthermore, in subgroup analysis by ethnicity, similar results were observed in the Asian and Caucasian populations. The present meta-analysis demonstrated that the STK15 gene 91T>A polymorphism, but not the 169G>A polymorphism, may be a risk factor for digestive system cancers, particularly for esophageal and colorectal cancers.

Determination of Thallium(I by Hybrid Mesoporous Silica (SBA-15 Modified Electrode

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Geeta Rani

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Chemically modified mesoporous silica material (SBA-15 was used for the construction of Tl(I selective carbon paste electrode. The best response was found with the electrode containing 10% modifier as electrode material. The electrode has a lower detection limit of 6.0 × 10−9 M in a working concentration range of 1.0 × 10−8–1.0 × 10−1 M. The selectivity coefficient calculated by match potential method (MPM shows the high selectivity of electrode towards Tl(I over other tested ions. The electrode was successfully applied as an indicator electrode for the titration of 0.01 M TlNO3 solution with standards EDTA solution and for sequential titration of mixture of different anions.

The E{sub 1}'-centre and its role in TL sensitization in quartz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benny, P.G. E-mail: sunsab@magnum.barc.ernet.in; Gundu Rao, T.K.; Bhatt, B.C

2002-08-01

The effect of UV (253.7 nm) bleaching and subsequent thermal annealing treatment in the range 400-500 deg. C, were studied in order to investigate the role of E{sub 1}'-centre on sensitization of 110 deg. C and 220 deg. C peaks in quartz. The decay of E{sub 1}'-centre in thermal annealed samples and observation of E{sub 1}'-centres after UV bleach, accompanied by desensitization of TL in the quartz sample, appears to lend support to the role of competing traps and E{sub 1}'-centres in the sensitization process.

Intrinsic thermoluminescence of NaCl:Tl in UV dosimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barghare, S.P.; Joshi, R.V.; Joshi, T.R.; Kathuria, S.P.

1982-01-01

NaCl:Tl(T) phosphor is found to have high intrinsic thermoluminescence (TL) sensitivity to 253.7 nm UV-radiation. The dosimetric glow peak II grows sublinearly with increase in UV dose in the range 10 3 to 10 6 JM -2 . The other requirements of an efficient dosimeter material such as high storage stability, matching of the spectral response of detector tube and TL-emission from phosphor, reproducibility, desirable size and shape, easy availability in powder, pellet and crystal forms at cheaper rates, and repeated re-usability of the same phosphor without much difficulty, etc., are additional factors which strengthen the claim of NaCl:Tl(T) phosphor as UV dosimetric material. It is proposed that present NaCl:Tl(T) material is suitable TL-phosphor for UV dosimetry in the range 10 3 to 10 6 JM -2 . (author)

Pure exercise intolerance and ophthalmoplegia associated with the m.12,294G > A mutation in the MT-TL2 gene: a case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Soldath, Patrick; Madsen, Karen Lindhardt; Buch, Astrid Emilie; Duno, Morten; Wibrand, Flemming; Vissing, John

2017-10-19

Pure exercise intolerance associated with exclusive affection of skeletal muscle is a very rare phenotype of patients with mitochondrial myopathy. Moreover, the exercise intolerance in these rare patients is yet not well explored, as most of known cases have not been assessed by objective testing, but only by interview. We report a patient with a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation that gives rise to an exclusive myopathy associated with exercise intolerance and ophthalmoplegia. We quantified the patient's exercise intolerance through detailed exercise testing. A 39-year-old man presented with exercise intolerance and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Sequencing of the entire mtDNA identified a m.12,294G > A mutation in the MT-TL2 gene. The mutation was heteroplasmic in skeletal muscle (75%) while undetectable in blood, urinary sediment, and buccal mucosa as well as in tissues from the patient's mother. The mutation affected a highly conserved site in the anticodon stem of the mitochondrial transfer RNA Leucine (CUN) molecule and lead to a severe combined respiratory chain defect. Exercise physiological studies in the patient demonstrated a significantly reduced maximal oxygen uptake of 20.4 ml O 2  × min -1  × kg -1 (about half of normal) as well as threefold elevated lactate/pyruvate ratios. The findings of our study support that the m.12,294G > A mutation is pathogenic. Likely, the mutation arose sporadically in early embryogenesis after differentiation of the mesoderm into muscle progenitor cells, leading to a pure myopathic phenotype.

Gene expression profiling distinguishes between spontaneous and radiation-induced rat mammary carcinomas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Imaoka, Tatsuhiko; Nishimura, Mayumi; Kakinuma, Shizuko; Shimada, Yoshiya; Yamashita, Satoshi; Ushijima, Toshikazu

2008-01-01

The ability to distinguish between spontaneous and radiation-induced cancers in humans is expected to improve the resolution of estimated risk from low dose radiation. Mammary carcinomas were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats that were either untreated (n=45) or acutely γ-irradiated (1 Gy; n=20) at seven weeks of age. Gene expression profiles of three spontaneous and four radiation-induced carcinomas, as well as those of normal mammary glands, were analyzed by microarrays. Differential expression of identified genes of interest was then verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Cluster analysis of global gene expression suggested that spontaneous carcinomas were distinguished from a heterogeneous population of radiation-induced carcinomas, though most gene expressions were common. We identified 50 genes that had different expression levels between spontaneous and radiogenic carcinomas. We then selected 18 genes for confirmation of the microarray data by qPCR analysis and obtained the following results: high expression of Plg, Pgr and Wnt4 was characteristic to all spontaneous carcinomas; Tnfsf11, Fgf10, Agtr1a, S100A9 and Pou3f3 showed high expression in a subset of radiation-induced carcinomas; and increased Gp2, Areg and Igf2 expression, as well as decreased expression of Ca3 and noncoding RNA Mg1, were common to all carcinomas. Thus, gene expression analysis distinguished between spontaneous and radiogenic carcinomas, suggesting possible differences in their carcinogenic mechanism. (author)

Tsygankoite, Mn8Tl8Hg2(Sb21Pb2TlΣ24S48, a New Sulfosalt from the Vorontsovskoe Gold Deposit, Northern Urals, Russia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anatoly V. Kasatkin

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Tsygankoite, ideally Mn8Tl8Hg2(Sb21Pb2TlΣ24S48, is a new sulfosalt discovered at the Vorontsovskoe gold deposit, Northern Urals, Russia. It occurs as lath-like elongated crystals up to 0.2 mm embedded in calcite–dolomite–clinochlore matrix. The associated minerals also include aktashite, alabandite, arsenopyrite, barite, cinnabar, fluorapatite, orpiment, pyrite, realgar, routhierite, sphalerite, tilasite, and titanite. The new mineral is non-fluorescent, black, and opaque with a metallic lustre and black streak. It is brittle with an uneven fracture and no obvious parting and cleavage. Its Vickers hardness (VHN10 is 144 kg/mm2 (range 131–167 kg/mm2 and its calculated density is 5.450 g cm. In reflected light, tsygankoite is white; between crossed polars it is dark grey to black. It is strongly anisotropic: rotation tints vary from light grey to dark grey to black. Pleochroism and internal reflections are not observed. The chemical composition of tsygankoite (wt %, electron-microprobe data is: Mn 6.29, Hg 5.42, Tl 26.05, Pb 5.84, As 3.39, Sb 30.89, S 21.87, total 99.75. The empirical formula, calculated on the basis of 90 atoms pfu, is: Mn8.06Tl8.00Hg1.90(Sb17.87As3.19Pb1.99Tl0.97Σ24.02S48.03. Tsygankoite is monoclinic, space group C2/m, a = 21.362(4 Å, b = 3.8579(10 Å, c = 27.135(4 Å, β = 106.944(14°, V = 2139.19(17 Å3 and Z = 1. The five strongest diffraction peaks from X-ray powder pattern (listed as (d,Å(I(hkl are: 3.587(100(112, 3.353(70(−114, 3.204(88(405, 2.841(72(−513, and 2.786(99(−514. The crystal structure of tsygankoite was refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data to R = 0.0607 and consists of an alternation of two thick layer-like arrays, one based on PbS-archetype and the second on SnS-archetype. Tsygankoite has been approved by the IMA-CNMNC under the number 2017-088. It is named for Mikhail V. Tsyganko, a mineral collector from Severouralsk, Northern Urals, Russia, who collected the samples where the

Emission properties of thermoluminescence from natural quartz - blue and red TL response to absorbed dose

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hashimoto, T.; Yokosaka, K.; Habuki, H.

1987-01-01

The TL spectrometry of natural quartz exposed to a gamma radiation dose of 8.8 kGy proved that the red TL, mainly from volcanically originated quartz, has a broad emission band with a peak around 620 nm, while the blue TL from plutonically originated quartz also has a broad emission band giving a peak around 470 nm. These typical red or blue intrinsic colours were also confirmed on the thermoluminescence colour images (TLCI). Exceptionally, a pegmatite quartz changed its TLCI colour from red to blue when the absorbed dose was increased. By using colour filter assemblies, all these quartz samples were shown to emit mainly blue and red TLs, which have distinctly different TL responses to the absorbed dose; the blue invariably showed a supralinearity relation between 1 and 10 kGy dose. For the purpose of dating, the use of red TL, is preferable. The red TL component is related to the impurity Eu content in quartz minerals. (author)

Studies on portal systemic circulation by oral administration of /sup 201/Tl enclosed enteric coated capsule

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tonami, Norihisa; Nakajima, Kenichi; Watanabe, Naoto and others

1986-03-01

Thallium-201 enclosed enteric coated capsule was prepared and administered orally to evaluate portal systemic circulation in 11 control subjects and 31 patients with various liver diseases by investigating scintigraphic appearance and the heart-to-liver uptake ratio (H/L ratio). In 10 patients with liver cirrhosis and one with chronic hepatitis, the results of H/L ratio were compared to those obtained by /sup 201/Tl per-rectal administration. 1. It was fundamentally confirmed that /sup 201/Tl enclosed enteric coated capsule was not broken down in the artificial gastric juice, but nearly completely melted 15 minutes after soaking in the artificial intestinal juice. 2. Clinical study was successfully completed in 36 out of 42 cases (86 %). Unsuccessful cases were found in 2 with capsule collapse in the stomach and 4 with its poor moving to the duodenum. 3. In control subjects the liver was clearly visualized and the mean value of H/L ratio was 0.32 which is lower than that of /sup 201/Tl per-rectal administration previously reported. H/L ratio in patients with chronic and acute hepatitis was nearly equal to that in control subjects. H/L ratio in patients with liver cirrhosis was slightly higher than that in control subjects, but there was no significant difference between them. In cases with esophageal varices, H/L ratio was not so high compared to that in control subjects. Out of 7 patients showing high H/L ratio more than 0.8 in /sup 201/Tl per-rectal administration, only one showed similar high ratio (1.07) in oral administration of /sup 201/Tl enclosed enteric coated capsule. In this case the shunting from superior mesenteric vein to inferior vena cava connection was confirmed. From these results, it was considered that the shunting volume of superior mesenteric vein through esophageal varices is small. 4. A possibility of a new administration of radioisotope with enteric coated capsule was emphasized.

A new protocol of dual energy acquisition on stress 201Tl and rest 99mTc-tetrofosmin myocardial scintigraphy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maeno, Masakazu; Matsuo, Takeshi; Imamura, Takurou; Koiwaya, Yasushi; Eto, Tanenao; Nagamachi, Shigeki; Jinnouchi, Seishi

2001-01-01

We carried out stress 201 Tl (Tl) and rest 99m Tc-tetrofosmin (TF) myocardial scintigraphy with dual energy acquisition in 24 patients with suspected ischemic heart disease performed coronary arteriography and elucidated the sensitivity of this method. One hour after light meal eating, TF (555 MBq) was injected intravenously at rest and after 3 minutes from injection of TF exercise or pharmacologic stress was performed. During stress Tl (111 MBq) was injected intravenously before end-point or at adequate point of pharmacologic stress. Dual energy acquisition using triple energy windows (TEW) was started after 5 minutes (early) and 4 hours (delayed) from stress. The sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp) and accuracy (Ac) in diagnosis of non-infarcted branches by using Tl (early)-TF (rest) and Tl (early)-Tl (delayed) were 79% vs. 53% (Sn), 78% vs. 96% (Sp) and 79% vs. 71% (Ac) respectively. Accordance of uptake score of infarcted region between TF (rest) and Tl (delayed) was 70%. In conclusion, this protocol is seemed to be useful as usual protocol for detection of myocardial ischemia and viability during about only 1 hour. (author)

X-ray photoemission studies of Zn doped Cu1-xTl xBa2Ca2Cu 3-yZn yO10-δ (y = 0, 2.65) superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khan, Nawazish A.; Mumtaz, M.; Ahadian, M.M.; Iraji-zad, Azam

2007-01-01

The X-ray photoemission (XPS) measurements of Cu 1-x Tl x Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3-y Zn y O 10-δ (y = 0, 2.65) superconductors have been performed and compared. These studies revealed that the charge state of thallium in the Cu 0.5 Tl 0.5 Ba 2 O 4-δ charge reservoir layer in Zn doped samples is Tl 1+ , while it is a mix of Tl 1+ and Tl 2+ in Zn free samples. The binding energy of Ba atoms in the Zn doped samples is shifted to higher energy, which when considered along with the presence of Tl 1+ suggested that it more efficiently directed the carriers to ZnO 2 and CuO 2 planes. The evidence of improved inter-plane coupling witnessed in X-ray diffraction is also confirmed by XPS measurements of Ca atoms in the Zn doped samples. The shift of the valance band spectrum in these Zn doped samples to higher energies suggested that the electrons at the top edge of the valance band were tied to a higher binding energy (relative to samples without Zn doping), which most likely resulted in a much lower energy state of the system in the superconducting state. The stronger superconducting state arising out of these effects is witnessed in the form of increased T c (R 0), J c and the extent of diamagnetism in the final compound

Challenges to Disciplinary Knowing and Identity: Experiences of Scholars in a SoTL Development Program

Science.gov (United States)

Miller-Young, Janice E.; Yeo, Michelle; Manarin, Karen

2018-01-01

Faculty members from five years of an annual Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) development program were invited to participate in a study about the impact of SoTL on their teaching, scholarship, and career trajectory. During semi-structured interviews, many expressed feeling discomfort during their journey into SoTL. A qualitative…

Performance of novel materials for radiation detection: Tl{sub 3}AsSe{sub 3}, TlGaSe{sub 2}, and Tl{sub 4}HgI{sub 6}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kahler, D., E-mail: david.kahler@ngc.com [Northrop Grumman Corporation, ES-ATL, 1212 Winterson Road, Linthicum, MD 21090 (United States); Singh, N.B.; Knuteson, D.J.; Wagner, B.; Berghmans, A.; McLaughlin, S.; King, M.; Schwartz, K. [Northrop Grumman Corporation, ES-ATL, 1212 Winterson Road, Linthicum, MD 21090 (United States); Suhre, D.; Gotlieb, M. [DRS Scientific, 300 Oak Lake Road, New Kensington, PA 15068 (United States)

2011-10-01

In this paper we report on the electrical characteristics of three novel ternary compounds, Tl{sub 3}AsSe{sub 3} (TAS), TlGaSe{sub 2} (TGS), and Tl{sub 4}HgI{sub 6} (THI), pertaining to their use as radiation detectors. The details for growth and material characterization are not presented. A semiconductor based gamma ray detector requires a material with high Z, high density, high resistivity, appropriate bandgap (1.5-2 eV), low energy/electron-hole pair, and a high {mu}{tau} product. CZT is currently the best semiconductor material for room temperature gamma ray spectroscopy; however, it is extremely difficult to produce large volumes of detector grade material, making it expensive and in limited supply. DNDO/DHS began searching for other materials that might perform as well as CZT but be easier to grow and in the end lower the cost. For this purpose, we investigated the above three materials as possible replacements for CZT as gamma ray detectors. The bulk resistivity, I-V curves, X-ray response, and gamma ray response measurements for doped and undoped crystals are presented and discussed. TAS shows good X-ray and gamma ray response, but has poor resistivity, which results in large dark current and poor spectral response. TGS has good resistivity, but shows poor X-ray and gamma ray response. THI has excellent resistivity, shows some X-ray and gamma ray response, and has great potential as a gamma ray detector.

Energy spectrum of charge carriers in TlIn{sub 1–x}Yb{sub x}Te{sub 2} solid solutions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aliev, F. F., E-mail: farzali@physics.ab.az [Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics (Azerbaijan); Agaeva, U. M.; Zarbaliev, M. M., E-mail: zarbalievmm51@mail.ru [Sumqayit State University (Azerbaijan)

2016-10-15

The temperature dependences of the electrical conductivity σ(T), the Hall coefficient R(T), and the thermoelectric coefficient α(T) are investigated in TlIn{sub 1–x}Yb{sub x}Te{sub 2} (0 < x < 0.10) solid solutions at 80–1000K. From the kinetic parameters, the effective masses of electrons and holes are determined. The obtained experimental data on σ(T) and α(T) are interpreted within the context of a model with one and two types of charge carriers. It is established that, since x = 0.05, the TlIn{sub 1–x}Yb{sub x}Te{sub 2} solid solutions belong to the class of narrow-gap semiconductors that have high matrix elements of interaction.

Hyper- and hypobaric processing of Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Goretta, K. C.; Routbort, J. L.; Shi, Donglu; Chen, J. G.; Hash, M. C.

1989-11-01

Tl-based superconductors of initial composition Tl:Ca:Ba:Cu equal to 2:2:2:3 and 1:3:1:3 were heated in oxygen at pressures of 10(sup 4) to 6 (times) 10(sup 5) Pa. The 2:2:2:3 composition formed primarily the 2-layer superconductor with zero resistance from 77 to 104 K. The 1:3:1:3 composition formed nearly phase pure 3-layer superconductor with a maximum zero resistance temperature of 120 K. Application of hyperbaric pressure influenced phase purities and transition temperatures slightly; phase purities decreased significantly with application of hypobaric pressures.

Differential genome-wide gene expression profiling of bovine largest and second-largest follicles: identification of genes associated with growth of dominant follicles

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Takahashi Toru

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Bovine follicular development is regulated by numerous molecular mechanisms and biological pathways. In this study, we tried to identify differentially expressed genes between largest (F1 and second-largest follicles (F2, and classify them by global gene expression profiling using a combination of microarray and quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR analysis. The follicular status of F1 and F2 were further evaluated in terms of healthy and atretic conditions by investigating mRNA localization of identified genes. Methods Global gene expression profiles of F1 (10.7 +/- 0.7 mm and F2 (7.8 +/- 0.2 mm were analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis and expression profiles of 16 representative genes were confirmed by QPCR analysis. In addition, localization of six identified transcripts was investigated in healthy and atretic follicles using in situ hybridization. The healthy or atretic condition of examined follicles was classified by progesterone and estradiol concentrations in follicular fluid. Results Hierarchical cluster analysis of microarray data classified the follicles into two clusters. Cluster A was composed of only F2 and was characterized by high expression of 31 genes including IGFBP5, whereas cluster B contained only F1 and predominantly expressed 45 genes including CYP19 and FSHR. QPCR analysis confirmed AMH, CYP19, FSHR, GPX3, PlGF, PLA2G1B, SCD and TRB2 were greater in F1 than F2, while CCL2, GADD45A, IGFBP5, PLAUR, SELP, SPP1, TIMP1 and TSP2 were greater in F2 than in F1. In situ hybridization showed that AMH and CYP19 were detected in granulosa cells (GC of healthy as well as atretic follicles. PlGF was localized in GC and in the theca layer (TL of healthy follicles. IGFBP5 was detected in both GC and TL of atretic follicles. GADD45A and TSP2 were localized in both GC and TL of atretic follicles, whereas healthy follicles expressed them only in GC. Conclusion We demonstrated that global gene expression profiling of F

Structural behavior of Tl-exchanged natrolite at high pressure depending on the composition of pressure-transmitting medium

Science.gov (United States)

Seryotkin, Yu. V.; Bakakin, V. V.; Likhacheva, A. Yu.; Dementiev, S. N.; Rashchenko, S. V.

2017-10-01

The structural evolution of Tl-exchanged natrolite with idealized formula Tl2[Al2Si3O10]·2H2O, compressed in penetrating (water:ethanol 1:1) and non-penetrating (paraffin) media, was studied up to 4 GPa. The presence of Tl+ with non-bonded electron lone pairs, which can be either stereo-chemically active or passive, determines distinctive features of the high-pressure behavior of the Tl-form. The effective volume of assemblages Tl+(O,H2O) n depends on the E-pairs activity: single-sided coordination correlates with smaller volumes. At ambient conditions, there are two types of Tl positions, only one of them having a nearly single-sided coordination as a characteristic of stereo-activity of the Tl+ E pair. Upon the compression in paraffin, a phase transition occurs: a 5% volume contraction of flexible natrolite framework is accompanied by the conversion of all the Tl+ cations into stereo-chemically active state with a single-sided coordination. This effect requires the reconstruction of all the extra-framework subsystems with the inversion of the cation and H2O positions. The compression in water-containing medium leads to the increase of H2O content up to three molecules pfu through the filling of partly vacant positions. This hinders a single-sided coordination of Tl ions and preserves the configuration of their ion-molecular subsystem. It is likely that the extra-framework subsystem is responsible for the super-structure modulation.

Detailed α -decay study of 180Tl

Science.gov (United States)

Andel, B.; Andreyev, A. N.; Antalic, S.; Barzakh, A.; Bree, N.; Cocolios, T. E.; Comas, V. F.; Diriken, J.; Elseviers, J.; Fedorov, D. V.; Fedosseev, V. N.; Franchoo, S.; Ghys, L.; Heredia, J. A.; Huyse, M.; Ivanov, O.; Köster, U.; Liberati, V.; Marsh, B. A.; Nishio, K.; Page, R. D.; Patronis, N.; Seliverstov, M. D.; Tsekhanovich, I.; Van den Bergh, P.; Van De Walle, J.; Van Duppen, P.; Venhart, M.; Vermote, S.; Veselský, M.; Wagemans, C.

2017-11-01

A detailed α -decay spectroscopy study of 180Tl has been performed at ISOLDE (CERN). Z -selective ionization by the Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS) coupled to mass separation provided a high-purity beam of 180Tl. Fine-structure α decays to excited levels in the daughter 176Au were identified and an α -decay scheme of 180Tl was constructed based on an analysis of α -γ and α -γ -γ coincidences. Multipolarities of several γ -ray transitions deexciting levels in 176Au were determined. Based on the analysis of reduced α -decay widths, it was found that all α decays are hindered, which signifies a change of configuration between the parent and all daughter states.

Dual parameter analysis of CsI:Tl/PMT with a digital oscilloscope

CERN Document Server

Devol, T A; Fjeld, R A

1999-01-01

Scintillation pulses from alpha-particle and gamma-ray excited CsI:Tl were recorded with a photomultiplier tube and digital oscilloscope card in single parameter (pulse shape or pulse height) and dual parameter (simultaneous pulse shape and pulse height) modes. A 2.8x1.3x1.3 cm sup 3 CsI:Tl crystal was coupled to a Burle 8850 photomultiplier tube (PMT) and excited with sup 1 sup 4 sup 8 Gd (E subalpha=3.18 MeV) and sup 1 sup 3 sup 7 Cs (E subgamma=0.662 MeV). The timing pulses (50 OMEGA terminated dynode signal) from the PMT base were directly input to a GaGe CompuScope 8012A/PCI sup T sup M (12-bit, 50 MHz dual channel digital oscilloscope card) that resided in a P6-300 MHz personal computer. Individual digitized pulses were processed via a LabVIEW sup T sup M V 4.1 interface to the oscilloscope. The ratio of the charge collected over a short time interval to the total charge collected was used for the single parameter pulse shape spectrum while the total charge collected was used for the single parameter pu...

Development of surgical gamma probes with TlBr semiconductors and CsI(Tl) scintillators crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Costa, Fabio Eduardo da

2006-01-01

Radio guided surgery, using probes with radiation detectors, has been prominence in the medical area in the last decade. This technique consists in injecting a radioactive substance to concentrate in tumour and assist the localization during the surgical procedure. The radio guided surgeries allowing the identification of lymph node has revolutioned the behavior of tumour in initial stadium when are being spread by lymphatic way. The conditions imposed to the surgery due the proximity between some lymph nodes, demands of the probes, a small diameters and capacity of individual identification of these lymph nodes radiolabelled by a specific tracer. The international market supplies these probes with CdTe semiconductors and scintillators, but there is some time lack a promptly technical assistance in the Brazilian market. This work developed probes with national technology, using CsI(Tl) scintillators crystals and, in substitution to CdTe crystals semiconductors, the TlBr crystal, that is a new semiconductor detector in a world-wide development, with advantages in relation to the CdTe. Both crystals have been grown in IPEN. All the necessary electronics, specially, the preamplifier, that was also a restrictive factor for development of these types of probe in the country, have been developed with components found in the national market. Systematic measures of spatial resolution, spatial selectivity, maximum sensitivity and quality of the shielding have been carried the probes development. The results have shown that the probes, one with the CsI(Tl) crystal and another with TlBr semiconductor presented the requested performance in the international literature for radio guided probes. (author)

Ab initio calculations of the electron spectrum and density of states of TlFeS{sub 2} and TlFeSe{sub 2} crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ismayilova, N. A., E-mail: ismayilova-narmin-84@mail.ru; Orudjev, H. S.; Jabarov, S. H. [Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics (Azerbaijan)

2017-04-15

The results of ab initio calculations of the electron spectrum of TlFeS{sub 2} and TlFeSe{sub 2} crystals in the antiferromagnetic phase are reported. Calculations are carried out in the context of the density functional theory. The origin of the bands of s, p, and d electron states of Tl, Fe, S, and Se atoms is studied. It is established that, in the antiferromagnetic phase, the crystals possess semiconductor properties. The band gaps are found to be 0.05 and 0.34 eV for TlFeS{sub 2} and TlFeSe{sub 2} crystals, respectively.

Comparison of TL profiles in recent sea cores

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Castagnoli, G C; Bonino, G

1985-01-01

The thermoluminescence (TL) profile of different recent Tyrrhenian sea cores sampled at various intervals during the last centuries have been compared in order to check the reproducibility of the profiles and investigate the possibility of using the results for monitoring solar-terrestrial relations in the past. The satisfactory results obtained by comparison of two different cores in the time interval 1755-1969 A.D. has demonstrated: (a) the two TL profiles are correlated; (b) the 11 yr cycle corresponding to the main solar cycle is evident in both TL profiles.

High-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction of Tl2SeO4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grzechnik, Andrzej; Breczewski, Tomasz; Friese, Karen

2008-01-01

The effect of pressure on the crystal structure of thallium selenate (Tl 2 SeO 4 ) (Pmcn, Z=4), containing the Tl + cations with electron lone pairs, has been studied with single-crystal X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell up to 3.64 GPa at room temperature. No phase transition has been observed. The compressibility data are fitted by a Murnaghan equation of state with the zero-pressure bulk modulus B 0 =29(1) GPa and the unit-cell volume at ambient pressure V 0 =529.6(8) A 3 (B'=4.00). Tl 2 SeO 4 is the least compressible in the c direction, while the pressure-induced changes of the a and b lattice parameters are quite similar. These observations can be explained by different pressure effects on the nine- and 11-fold coordination polyhedra around the two non-equivalent Tl atoms. The SeO 4 2- tetrahedra are not rigid units and become more distorted. Their contribution to the compressibility is small. The effect of pressure on the isotypical oxide materials A 2 TO 4 with the β-K 2 SO 4 structure is discussed. It appears that the presence of electron lone pairs on the Tl + cation does not seem to influence the compressibility of Tl 2 SeO 4 . - Graphical abstract: Pressure dependence of normalized lattice parameters and unit-cell volumes in Tl 2 SeO 4 (Pmcn, Z=4). The solid line is the Murnaghan equation of state

Exploration of GaInTlP and related Tl-containing III-V alloys for photovoltaics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Friedman, D. J.; Kurtz, Sarah R.; Kibbler, A. E.

1999-01-01

This paper discusses the results of an attempt to grow GaInTlP for application as a 1-eV material for the third junction of a GaInP/GaAs/3rd-junction high-efficiency solar cell. Although early indications from the literature were promising, we are unable to produce crystalline homogeneous material, and so we conclude that this material is not a promising candidate for such applications as photovoltaics

Minimising the Spurious TL of Recently Fired Ceramics Using the Foil Technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Michael, C.T.; Zacharias, N.; Polikreti, K.; Pagonis, V.

1999-01-01

The new foil technique for measuring the natural dose in TL dating is briefly presented. In this technique very thin samples are made with the necessary plasticity to achieve the best heating contact between sample and heater plate. Measurements can then be made in vacuum and it is possible to use higher heating rates. The effect of the increase of the TL signal with the increase of the heating rate is presented. The foil technique reduces chemiluminescence and increases the TL signal. This allows the application of TL dating to be extended to lower limits (lower ages). These limits are determined by estimating quantitatively the effects of the sample preparation procedure on the induction of spurious TL (triboluminescence). Samples from a two year old ceramic vase were prepared with two different powder preparation procedures: (a) by using a hand drill with a common steel edge and (b) by crushing a piece using a vice. Measurements at a heating rate of 50 deg. C.s -1 were made. The two estimates of P (total dose) provide an estimate of age for each procedure. The age estimation for the vice prepared sample is about 30 years and for the drilled sample is higher than 120 years. It is suggested that the use of a drill for powder preparation be avoided, especially in TL dating and authenticity tests of recently fired ceramics (less than 500 years). (author)

Delivery of human NKG2D-IL-15 fusion gene by chitosan nanoparticles to enhance antitumor immunity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yan, Chen; Jie, Leng; Yongqi, Wang [Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 (China); Weiming, Xiao [Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 (China); Juqun, Xi [Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225009 (China); Yanbing, Ding [Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 (China); Li, Qian [Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 (China); Xingyuan, Pan [Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 (China); Mingchun, Ji [Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 (China); Weijuan, Gong, E-mail: wjgong@yzu.edu.cn [Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 (China); Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 (China); Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225009 (China); Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 (China); Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 (China)

2015-07-31

Nanoparticles are becoming promising carriers for gene delivery because of their high capacity in gene loading and low cell cytotoxicity. In this study, a chitosan-based nanoparticle encapsulated within a recombinant pcDNA3.1-dsNKG2D-IL-15 plasmid was generated. The fused dsNKG2D-IL-15 gene fragment consisted of double extracellular domains of NKG2D with IL-15 gene at downstream. The average diameter of the gene nanoparticles ranged from 200 nm to 400 nm, with mean zeta potential value of 53.8 ± 6.56 mV. The nanoparticles which were loaded with the dsNKG2D-IL-15 gene were uptaken by tumor cells with low cytotoxicity. Tumor cells pre-transfected by gene nanopartilces stimulated NK and T cells in vitro. Intramuscular injection of gene nanoparticles suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice through activation of NK and CD8{sup +} T cells. Thus, chitosan-based nanoparticle delivery of dsNKG2D-IL-15 gene vaccine can be potentially used for tumor therapy. - Highlights: • Generation of a nanoparticle for delivery of dsNKG2D-IL-15 gene. • Characterization of the gene nanoparticle. • Antitumor activity mediated by the gene nanoparticle.

Delivery of human NKG2D-IL-15 fusion gene by chitosan nanoparticles to enhance antitumor immunity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yan, Chen; Jie, Leng; Yongqi, Wang; Weiming, Xiao; Juqun, Xi; Yanbing, Ding; Li, Qian; Xingyuan, Pan; Mingchun, Ji; Weijuan, Gong

2015-01-01

Nanoparticles are becoming promising carriers for gene delivery because of their high capacity in gene loading and low cell cytotoxicity. In this study, a chitosan-based nanoparticle encapsulated within a recombinant pcDNA3.1-dsNKG2D-IL-15 plasmid was generated. The fused dsNKG2D-IL-15 gene fragment consisted of double extracellular domains of NKG2D with IL-15 gene at downstream. The average diameter of the gene nanoparticles ranged from 200 nm to 400 nm, with mean zeta potential value of 53.8 ± 6.56 mV. The nanoparticles which were loaded with the dsNKG2D-IL-15 gene were uptaken by tumor cells with low cytotoxicity. Tumor cells pre-transfected by gene nanopartilces stimulated NK and T cells in vitro. Intramuscular injection of gene nanoparticles suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice through activation of NK and CD8 + T cells. Thus, chitosan-based nanoparticle delivery of dsNKG2D-IL-15 gene vaccine can be potentially used for tumor therapy. - Highlights: • Generation of a nanoparticle for delivery of dsNKG2D-IL-15 gene. • Characterization of the gene nanoparticle. • Antitumor activity mediated by the gene nanoparticle

First direct observation of bound-state beta-decay: Measurements of branching and lifetime of 207Tl81+ fragments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boutin, D.

2005-08-01

The first experimental observation of bound-state beta-decay showed, that due solely to the electron stripping, a stable nuclide, e.g. 163 Dy, became unstable. Also a drastic modification of the half-life of bare 187 Re, from 4.12(2) x 10 10 years down to 32.9(20) years, could be observed. It was mainly due to the possibility for the mother nuclide to decay into a previously inaccessible nuclear level of the daughter nuclide. It was proposed to study a nuclide where this decay mode was competing with continuum-state beta-decay, in order to measure their respective branchings. The ratio β b /β c could also be evaluated for the first time. 207 Tl was chosen due to its high atomic number, and Q-value of about 1.4 MeV, small enough to enhance the β b probability and large enough to allow the use of time-resolved Schottky Mass Spectrometry (SMS) to study the evolution of mother and bound-state beta-decay daughter ions. The decay properties of the ground state and isomeric state of 207 Tl 81+ have been investigated at the GSI accelerator facility in two separate experiments. For the first time β-decay where the electron could go either to a bound state (atomic orbitals) and lead to 207 Pb 81+ as a daughter nuclide, or to a continuum state and lead to 207 Pb 82+ , has been observed. The respective branchings of these two processes could be measured as well. The deduced total nuclear half-life of 255(17) s for 207 Tl 81+ , was slightly modified with respect to the half-life of the neutral atom of 286(2) s. It was nevertheless in very good agreement with calculations based on the assumption that the beta-decay was following an allowed type of transition. The branching β b /β c =0.192(20), was also in very good agreement with the same calculations. The application of stochastic precooling allowed to observe in addition the 1348 keV short-lived isomeric state of 207 Tl. The half-life of this isomeric state was measured as 1.47(32) s, which shows a small deviation

Electronic structure of TlBa2CaCu2O7-δ

Science.gov (United States)

Vasquez, R. P.; Novikov, D. L.; Freeman, A. J.; Siegal, M. P.

1997-06-01

The core levels of TlBa2CaCu2O7-δ (Tl-1212) epitaxial films have been measured with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The valence electronic structure has been determined using the full-potential linear muffin-tin-orbital band-structure method and measured with XPS. The calculations show that a van Hove singularity (VHS) lies above the Fermi level (EF) for the stoichiometric compound (δ=0), while for 50% oxygen vacancies in the Tl-O layer (δ=0.5) EF is in close proximity to the VHS. Samples annealed in nitrogen (to reduce the hole overdoping by the removal of oxygen) exhibit higher core-level binding energies and a higher Tc, consistent with a shift of EF closer to the VHS. Comparisons are made to the core levels and valence bands of Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8+δ (Tl-2212) and HgBa2CaCu2O6+δ (Hg-1212). The similarity of the Cu 2p3/2 spectra for Tl-1212 and Tl-2212 indicates that the number of Tl-O layers has little effect on the Cu-O bonding. However, the Tl-1212 and Hg-1212 Cu 2p3/2 signals exhibit differences which suggest that the replacement of Tl3+ with Hg2+ results in a decrease in the O 2p-->Cu 3d charge-transfer energy and differences in the probabilities of planar vs apical oxygen charge transfer and/or Zhang-Rice singlet-state formation. Differences between the Tl-1212 and the Tl-2212 and Hg-1212 measured valence bands are consistent with the calculated Cu 3d and (Tl,Hg) 6s/5d partial densities of states.

Electronic structure of TlBa2CaCu2O7-δ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vasquez, R.P.; Novikov, D.L.; Freeman, A.J.; Siegal, M.P.

1997-01-01

The core levels of TlBa 2 CaCu 2 O 7-δ (Tl-1212) epitaxial films have been measured with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The valence electronic structure has been determined using the full-potential linear muffin-tin-orbital band-structure method and measured with XPS. The calculations show that a van Hove singularity (VHS) lies above the Fermi level (E F ) for the stoichiometric compound (δ=0), while for 50% oxygen vacancies in the Tl-O layer (δ=0.5) E F is in close proximity to the VHS. Samples annealed in nitrogen (to reduce the hole overdoping by the removal of oxygen) exhibit higher core-level binding energies and a higher T c , consistent with a shift of E F closer to the VHS. Comparisons are made to the core levels and valence bands of Tl 2 Ba 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ (Tl-2212) and HgBa 2 CaCu 2 O 6+δ (Hg-1212). The similarity of the Cu 2p 3/2 spectra for Tl-1212 and Tl-2212 indicates that the number of Tl-O layers has little effect on the Cu-O bonding. However, the Tl-1212 and Hg-1212 Cu 2p 3/2 signals exhibit differences which suggest that the replacement of Tl 3+ with Hg 2+ results in a decrease in the O 2p→Cu 3d charge-transfer energy and differences in the probabilities of planar vs apical oxygen charge transfer and/or Zhang-Rice singlet-state formation. Differences between the Tl-1212 and the Tl-2212 and Hg-1212 measured valence bands are consistent with the calculated Cu 3d and (Tl,Hg) 6s/5d partial densities of states. copyright 1997 The American Physical Society

TL and ESR based identification of gamma-irradiated frozen fish using different hydrolysis techniques

Science.gov (United States)

Ahn, Jae-Jun; Akram, Kashif; Shahbaz, Hafiz Muhammad; Kwon, Joong-Ho

2014-12-01

Frozen fish fillets (walleye Pollack and Japanese Spanish mackerel) were selected as samples for irradiation (0-10 kGy) detection trials using different hydrolysis methods. Photostimulated luminescence (PSL)-based screening analysis for gamma-irradiated frozen fillets showed low sensitivity due to limited silicate mineral contents on the samples. Same limitations were found in the thermoluminescence (TL) analysis on mineral samples isolated by density separation method. However, acid (HCl) and alkali (KOH) hydrolysis methods were effective in getting enough minerals to carry out TL analysis, which was reconfirmed through the normalization step by calculating the TL ratios (TL1/TL2). For improved electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis, alkali and enzyme (alcalase) hydrolysis methods were compared in separating minute-bone fractions. The enzymatic method provided more clear radiation-specific hydroxyapatite radicals than that of the alkaline method. Different hydrolysis methods could extend the application of TL and ESR techniques in identifying the irradiation history of frozen fish fillets.

Reader's Response: What Is a SoTL?

Science.gov (United States)

Griebenow, Kai

2010-01-01

In this response to, "SoTL Commons Conference: A Spirit of Inquiry" (Margaret Davis, Kera Watkins, and Deborah Allen, "International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning,"v3 n2 Jul 2009), Griebenow adds his personal impressions as an "SOTL newbie." He states that many scientists have an idea of…

How Experienced SoTL Researchers Develop the Credibility of Their Work

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jennie Billot

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Teaching and learning research in higher education, often referred to as the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL, is still relatively novel in many academic contexts compared to the mainstay of disciplinary research. One indication of this is the challenges those who engage in SoTL report in terms of how this work is valued or considered credible amongst disciplinary colleagues and in the face of institutional policies and practices. This paper moves beyond the literature that describes these specific challenges to investigate how 23 experienced SoTL researchers from five different countries understood the notion of credibility in relationship to their SoTL research and how they went about developing credibility for their work. Semi-structured interviews were facilitated and analyzed using inductive analysis. Findings indicate that notions of credibility encompassed putting SoTL research into action and building capacity and community around research findings, as well as gaining external validation through traditional indicators such as publishing. SoTL researchers reported a variety of strategies and approaches they were using, both formal and informal, to develop credibility for their work. The direct focus of this paper on credibility of SoTL work as perceived by experienced SoTL researchers, and how they go about developing credibility, is a distinct contribution to the discussions about the valuing of SoTL work.

Transport Phenomena In Single Crystals Tl1−XIn1−XGeXSe2 (x=0.1, 0.2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zamurueva O.V.

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Temperature dependences of electroconductivity for single crystals Tl1−xIn1−xGexSe2 were analyzed. It was established an occurrence of thermoactivated states within the temperature range 100-300 K. The conductivity is formed by delocalized carriers within the conductivity band and the jumping conductivity over the localized states which are situated in the narrow localized states near the Fermi level. Following the performed data the activation energy was evaluated with accuracy up to 0.02 eV. The density of the localized states as well as the distribution of the energy over the mentioned states was evaluated. Additionally the average distance between the localized states is evaluated at different temperatures.

assessment of the clinical role of simultaneous 99mTc-MIBI and 201Tl dual-isotopic myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging in the patients wit hypertension

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xie Wenhui; Zhang Lihua; Hu Shilong; Yang Shunfang; Zeng Jun

2004-01-01

Objective: To study the clinical role of Simultaneous rest technetium-99m sestamibi ( 99m Tc-MIBI) and stress thallium-201 (201Tl) Dual-isotopic myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging in the patients with hypertension. Methods: 116 patients with high blood pressure underwent simultaneous dual-isotopic myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging with 99m Tc-MIBI and 201Tl. 99m Tc-MIBI was injected at rest, 15 min later dobutamine was instilled into vein begin with 5 mg/kg/min, before and after instilling the base ECG, blood pressure, heart rate was recorded. when the maximal dose of Dobutamine was achieved, thallium-201 was injected, the dual-isotopic simultaneously SPECT imagine was performed. The stress and rest imagine was obtained. After tomographic reconstruction, the images were interpreted by two experienced observers without previous knowledge of results of other studies. Coronary angiography was performed in two weeks. All of 116 patients were found normal. Results: (1) All of 116 patients with high blood pressure were divided as three group by the course of disease: A group ( 20 year), 15. The heart/lung ratios of A, B, C group were 2.651±0.246, 2.546±0.231, 2.490±0.36 (mean±SD)respectively, no significant difference was noted among three group. Normal heart/lung ratios is 2.50±0.28 among of control group of 20. (2) The overall sensitivity for the dual-isotopic simultaneously myocardial SPECT imagine of high blood pressure was 46.55%(54/116). (3) Anterior, lateral, inferior, apex, interventricular septal segment were regarded as a whole segment, 111 segments display abnormal 201Tl uptake. 63, 30, 18 segments were in A, B, C group respectively, and no significant difference was noted among three group. 4 85 segments reveal reduced stressing 201Tl uptake and no typical redistribution was observed in the delay 201Tl imagines. 20, 24, 14, 12, 15 segments were in anterior, lateral, inferior, apex, interventricular septal segment respectively. 26 segments display

Methods, qualitative and quantitative evaluations of 201Tl myocardial scintiscans

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buell, U.; Kleinhans, E.; Klepzig, M.; Seiderer, M.; Strauer, B.E.

1981-01-01

Exercise 201 Tl myocardial scintiscanning is a technique used to supplement exercise electrocardiography. The procedure employed should be identical to the standard procedure of electrocardiography. If the coronary disease has already been established by coronary angiography and kineventriculography, 201 Tl examinations should be carried out before surgery in order to determine the ''regional functional reserve''. Visual evaluations of the 201 Tl scintiscans should be supplemented by quantification methods. Quantification is also required between 201 Tl examination and surgery and to assure constant diagnostic accuracy in case of examination by different examiners. (orig./MG) [de

Computerized study with /sup 201/Tl of the cold thyroid node

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Palermo, F.; Saitta, B.; Coghetto, F.; Tiberio, M.; Caldato, L.

1982-02-01

Because of its physical and potassium-metabolic characteristics /sup 201/Tl is more suitable than /sup 131/Cs for radioisotopic studies of the cold thyroid nodule, with the further diagnostic possibility of quantitatively assessing intranodular behaviour for a specific differentiation among different kinds of neoformations. Using a gamma-camera on line with a computer data processing device, sequential scintiscans were recorded for the first 20-30 min after i.v. administration of 15-20 ..mu..Ci/kg of radiothallium; delayed sequences were taken at 40-60 min if intranodular uptake appeared. A quantitative appraisal was made of the differential /sup 201/Tl uptake-ratio between nodule and healthy thyroid tissue (density-index) and the multiparameter analysis of thyroid time/activity curves generated on the relative regions of interest (ROIs). This computerized study, in 120 out of 293 patients submitted to this radiothallium test, has shown a) diagnostic agreement between clinical-histological and radioisotopic findings in 76 out of 79 colloid-cystic or degenerative neoformations, in all 16 malignant and in 23 out of 25 hyperplastic benign nodules; b) significant statistical difference of the density-index in solid versus cystic but not between benign and malignant nodules; c) different /sup 201/Tl kinetics behaviour in different kinds of solid thyroid lesions with a satisfactory statistical difference of the radiothallium nodular dissappearance-index.

Studies on the tumor and organ affinity of /sup 201/Tl

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mori, H; Ando, I; Takeuchi, T [Kanazawa Univ. (Japan). School of Medicine; Ando, A; Hiraki, T

1980-01-01

In order to evaluate the tumor and organ affinity of /sup 201/Tl, using the Yoshida sarcoma bearing rats, the distribution of /sup 201/Tl/sup +/ in tissues and tumor was examined and compared to /sup 22/Na/sup +/, /sup 42/K/sup +/, /sup 86/Rb/sup +/, /sup 134/Cs/sup +/, and /sup 67/Ga-citrate. /sup 201/Tl/sup +/ showed almost same organ accumulation and kinetics as /sup 42/K/sup +/, /sup 86/Rb/sup +/, /sup 134/Cs, whereas /sup 201/Tl/sup +/ and /sup 22/Na/sup +/ had completely different organ distribution. These results suggest that organ affinity of /sup 201/Tl/sup +/ might be related to active transport, namely Na/sup +/-K/sup +/-ATPase pump mechanism as well as blood flow. However, it appeared to be taken into account the other factors such as different accumulation and clearance rate due to different substrates of organs. Kidney accumulation rate of /sup 201/Tl/sup +/ was much higher than /sup 42/K/sup +/, /sup 86/Rb/sup +/, /sup 134/Cs/sup +/ and about 10 times as /sup 42/K/sup +/. Macroautoradiograms of rat kidneys showed that /sup 201/Tl/sup +/ exhibited an initial high accumulation in the cortex and appeared in the outer cortex, as the cortex cleared of radioactivity. /sup 201/Tl might be interchangeable with K/sup +/ in the tubular system, reabsorbed with more affinity and cleared more slowly than K/sup +/. The tumor accumulation /sup 201/Tl/sup +/ might be related to Na/sup +/-K/sup +/-ATPase pump mechanism as well as other organs. However, in terms of tumor accumulation and concentration ratio to other organs, /sup 201/Tl/sup +/ was inferior to /sup 67/Ga-citrate, although the tumor to blood ratio was identical to that of /sup 67/Ga-citrate. Since /sup 201/Tl/sup + + +/ showed almost same distribution as /sup 201/Tl/sup +/, /sup 201/Tl/sup + + +/ might change into /sup 201/Tl/sup +/ in vivo.

Activation analysis of thallium by /sup 203/Tl(n,2n)/sup 202/Tl reaction in nuclear reactors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cohen, I M; Resnizky, S M; Baro, G B [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Buenos Aires (Argentina). Gerencia de Radioisotopos y Radiaciones

1982-01-01

Two techniques are described for neutron activation analysis of thallium in biological and geological materials, based on /sup 203/Tl(n,2n)/sup 202/Tl reaction in nuclear reactors. Co-precipitation with bismuth sulphide is used as a pre-concentration method of thallium in urine samples, and post-irradiation chemical separation is also performed. The detection limit is 0.5 ..mu..g/l, for 100 ml urine samples. For thallium determination in blendes a radiochemical separation is carried out after the irradiation. An extension of this technique is presented for glass and silicate rocks. Results for seven blende samples from different places of Argentina are shown. Analysis of two reference materials, the 614 glass from the National Bureau of Standards and the granodiorite GSP-1 from the U.S. Geological Survey were also performed. The results are in very good agreement with the certified or estimated values.

Electronic Structure of TlBa2CaCu2O(7-Delta)

Science.gov (United States)

Vasquez, R. P.; Novikov, D. L.; Freeman, A. J.; Siegal, M. P.

1997-01-01

The core levels of TlBa2CaCu2O(7-delta) (Tl-1212) epitaxial films have been measured with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The valence electronic structure has been determined using the full-potential linear muffin-tin-orbital band-structure method and measured with XPS. The calculations show that a van Hove singularity (VHS) lies above the Fermi level (E(sub F)) for the stoichiometric compound (delta = 0.5), while for 50% oxygen vacancies in the Tl-O layer (delta = 0.5) E(sub F) is in close proximity to the VHS. Samples annealed in nitrogen (to reduce the hole overdoping by the removal of oxygen) exhibit higher core-level binding energies and a higher T(sub c), consistent with a shift of E(sub F) closer to the VHS. Comparisons are made to the core levels and valence bands of Tl2Ba2CaCu2O(8 + delta)(Tl-2212) and HgBa2CaCu2O)6 + delta) (Hg- 1212). The similarity of the Cu 2p(sub 3/2) spectra for Tl-1212 and Tl-2212 indicates that the number of Tl-O layers has little effect on the Cu-O bonding. However, the Tl-1212 and Hg-1212 Cu 2p(sub 3/2) signals exhibit differences which suggest that the replacement of T(sup 3+) with Hg(sup 2+) results in a decrease in the O 2p right arrow Cu 3d charge-transfer energy and differences in the probabilities of planar vs apical oxygen charge transfer and/or Zhang-Rice singlet-state formation. Differences between the Tl-1212 and the Tl-2212 and Hg-1212 measured valence bands are consistent with the calculated Cu 3d and (Tl,Hg) 6s/5d partial densities of states.

An analysis of annual maximum streamflows in Terengganu, Malaysia using TL-moments approach

Science.gov (United States)

Ahmad, Ummi Nadiah; Shabri, Ani; Zakaria, Zahrahtul Amani

2013-02-01

TL-moments approach has been used in an analysis to determine the best-fitting distributions to represent the annual series of maximum streamflow data over 12 stations in Terengganu, Malaysia. The TL-moments with different trimming values are used to estimate the parameter of the selected distributions namely: generalized pareto (GPA), generalized logistic, and generalized extreme value distribution. The influence of TL-moments on estimated probability distribution functions are examined by evaluating the relative root mean square error and relative bias of quantile estimates through Monte Carlo simulations. The boxplot is used to show the location of the median and the dispersion of the data, which helps in reaching the decisive conclusions. For most of the cases, the results show that TL-moments with one smallest value was trimmed from the conceptual sample (TL-moments (1,0)), of GPA distribution was the most appropriate in majority of the stations for describing the annual maximum streamflow series in Terengganu, Malaysia.

TL and LOE dosimetric evaluation of diamond films exposed to beta and ultraviolet radiation; Evaluacion dosimetrica TL y LOE de peliculas de diamante expuestas a radiacion beta y ultravioleta