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Sample records for Chinchilla aflatoxinas aflatoxicosis metabolismo in vitro

  1. AFLATOXINAS Y SU ASOCIACIÓN CON EL DESARROLLO DE CARCINOMA HEPATOCELULAR

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    José Manuel Ornelas Aguirre

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available El carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC se encuentra dentro de los tipos de cáncer que más muertes generan al año. Es una neoplasia con una incidencia creciente en todo el mundo. Es el tumor primario del hígado más frecuente y constituye el 90% de éstos. Se sabe que el desarrollo de CHC puede ser por múltiples etiologías, una de ellas es la exposición crónica a las aflatoxinas, especialmente a la aflatoxina B1 (AFB1, esta es una micotoxina producida por hongos del genero Aspergillus. La AFB1 produce mutación en el codón 249, exón 7 del gen P53. La AFB1 se encuentra en alimentos contaminados como granos de maíz, arroz y cacahuate, y se ha encontrado una alta relación entre el consumo de estos alimentos y el desarrollo de CHC en países de Asia y África. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo recopilar la información existente sobre los mecanismos de carcinogenicidad de la AFB1 que lleva al desarrollo del CHC. Palabras Clave: Carcinoma hepatocelular, Aflatoxina B1, Micotoxina, Aflatoxicosis

  2. Avaliação do hemograma, reticulócitos e mielograma na intoxicação subaguda experimental por aflatoxina em cães Experimentally induced sub-acute aflatoxicosis in dogs: evaluation of hemogram, reticulocyte and myelogram

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    Rosana Lopes

    1998-06-01

    Full Text Available As aflatoxinas estão entre os produtos metabólicos de natureza tóxica e são produzidos por fungos do gênero Aspergillus. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, verificar as possíveis alterações da aflatoxicose através da avaliação do hemograma, contagem de reticulócitos e mielograma em cães. Foram utilizados vinte cães (9 fêmeas e 11 machos, os quais foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de dez animais. O grupo I recebeu l4g de aflatoxina/kg/dia e o grupo II 21 g de aflatoxina/kg/dia, via oral, durante vinte dias. Após foram realizadas colheitas de sangue e medula óssea, a cada sete dias, durante seis semanas. Ambos os grupos apresentaram sinais clínicos de intoxicação por aflatoxina, o hemograma e a contagem de reticulócitos não demonstraram variações significativas. No mielograma, observou-se acentuada diminuição da série eritróide e do número de megacariócitos, aumento significativo da série mielóide e proporção mielóide: eritróide (M:E.The aflatoxins are between the metabolics products nature of toxic and produced are by genus of fungi Aspergillus. The objective of the present study was to verify alterations of aflatoxicosis through of evaluation hemogram, reticulocyte count and myelogram in dogs. Eleven males and nine female dogs were used. Dogs were randomly allocated into two groups. Group I was treated with l4g/kg/day of aflatoxin and group II with 2lg/kg/day. The drug was given miled with feed and treatment lasted for 20 days. After the beginning of intoxication, individual blood and bone marrow samples were taken weekly for six weeks. The two group to clinical signs present of intoxication by aflatoxin the hemogram and reticulocyte count not showed significative variation. The myelogram showed a total reduction in the erythroid series and number of megacaryocytes significative increase myeloid serie and myeloid: erythroid ratio (M: E.

  3. Use of computed tomography to investigate cheek tooth abnormalities in chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Crossley, D.A.; Jackson, A.; Yates, J.; Boydell, I.P.

    1998-01-01

    Computerised tomographic scanning was used to investigate tooth structure in chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger), both cheek tooth crown and root abnormalities being common in this species. This paper describes a common form of dental disease affecting species with continuously growing teeth, with particular reference to the chinchilla, and confirms the potential role of computed tomography (CT) in its early diagnosis. CT imaging is compared with previously available methods of investigation which frequently fail to detect early pathological changes

  4. Effect of dietary macronutrients on aflatoxicosis: a mini-review.

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    Nurul Adilah, Zainuddin; Mohd Redzwan, Sabran

    2017-06-01

    Aflatoxin is a toxin produced by Aspergillus species of fungi. The main route of aflatoxin exposure is through the diet. Indeed, long-term aflatoxin exposure is linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aflatoxin causes aflatoxicosis, which can be affected by several factors and is prevalent in many developing Asian and African countries. This mini-review discusses the effects of carbohydrate, fat and protein on aflatoxicosis based on findings from animal and human studies. It was found that high carbohydrate intake enhanced aflatoxicosis occurrence, while low ingestion of carbohydrate with caloric restriction slowed the symptoms associated with aflatoxicosis. Additionally, diets with low protein content worsened the symptoms related to HCC due to aflatoxin exposure. Nevertheless, a study reported that a high-protein diet favored detoxification of aflatoxin in vivo. There were also conflicting results on the influence of dietary fat, as high ingestion of fat enhanced aflatoxicosis development as compared with a low-fat diet. Moreover, the type of fat also plays a significant role in influencing aflatoxin toxicity. In regard to food safety, understanding the influence of macronutrients toward the progression of aflatoxicosis can improve preventive measures against human and animal exposure to aflatoxin. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

  5. Activated carbons as potentially useful non-nutritive additives to prevent the effect of fumonisin B1 on sodium bentonite activity against chronic aflatoxicosis.

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    Monge, María Del Pilar; Magnoli, Alejandra Paola; Bergesio, Maria Virginia; Tancredi, Nestor; Magnoli, Carina E; Chiacchiera, Stella Maris

    2016-06-01

    Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are mycotoxins that often co-occur in feedstuffs. The ingestion of AFB1 causes aflatoxicosis in humans and animals. Sodium bentonite (NaB), a cheap non-nutritive unselective sequestering agent incorporated in animal diets, can effectively prevent aflatoxicosis. Fumonisins are responsible for equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary oedema, and often have subclinical toxic effects in poultries. Fumonisin B1 and aflatoxin B1 are both strongly adsorbed in vitro on sodium bentonite. Co-adsorption studies, carried out with a weight ratio of FB1 to AFB1 that mimics the natural occurrence (200:1), showed that FB1 greatly decreases the in vitro ability of NaB to adsorb AFB1. The ability of two activated carbons to adsorb FB1 was also investigated. Both carbons showed high affinity for FB1. A complex behaviour of the FB1 adsorption isotherms with pH was observed. In vitro results suggest that under natural contamination levels of AFB1 and FB1, a mixture of activated carbon and sodium bentonite might be potentially useful for prevention of sub-acute aflatoxicosis.

  6. Prevalence and analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chinchillas

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    Aoyama Naoki

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger are popular as pets and are often used as laboratory animals for various studies. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major infectious agent that causes otitis media, pneumonia, septicaemia enteritis, and sudden death in chinchillas. This bacterium is also a leading cause of nosocomial infections in humans. To prevent propagation of P. aeruginosa infection among humans and animals, detailed characteristics of the isolates, including antibiotic susceptibility and genetic features, are needed. In this study, we surveyed P. aeruginosa distribution in chinchillas bred as pets or laboratory animals. We also characterized the isolates from these chinchillas by testing for antibiotic susceptibility and by gene analysis. Results P. aeruginosa was isolated from 41.8% of the 67 chinchillas included in the study. Slide agglutination and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis discriminated 5 serotypes and 7 unique patterns, respectively. For the antibiotic susceptibility test, 40.9% of isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, 77.3% to ciprofloxacin, 77.3% to imipenem, and 72.7% to ceftazidime. DNA analyses confirmed that none of the isolates contained the gene encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases; however, 2 of the total 23 isolates were found to have a gene similar to the pilL gene that has been identified in the pathogenicity island of a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa. Conclusions P. aeruginosa is widely spread in chinchillas, including strains with reduced susceptibility to the antibiotics and highly virulent strains. The periodic monitoring should be performed to help prevent the propagation of this pathogen and reduce the risk of infection from chinchillas to humans.

  7. Generalized Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis in a chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera).

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    Basso, Walter; Rütten, Maja; Deplazes, Peter; Grimm, Felix

    2014-01-17

    Taenia crassiceps is a cestode parasite that uses carnivores as definitive hosts and rodents and rabbits as main intermediate hosts, but other animal species and humans may also get infected. One adult male chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) from an animal shelter in Switzerland presented widespread subcutaneous fluctuant swellings extended over the forehead, nose, face and thoracic regions with a progressive growth over 3 months. The thoracic swelling was surgically resected, and it consisted of numerous 3-4mm small transparent vesicles, mainly confined to the subcutaneous tissue, which were morphologically identified as cysticerci of T. crassiceps. The diagnosis was confirmed by PCR and DNA sequence analysis of fragments of the mitochondrial small subunit rRNA and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 genes. After 1.5 months, due to enlargement of the swollen areas and deterioration of the general health condition, the chinchilla was euthanized and a necropsy was performed. Thousands of small cysticerci were observed widespread in the subcutis, involving underlying musculature of the whole body, in the thoracic cavity, larynx, pharynx and in the retropharyngeal region. Additionally, three larger metacestodes were detected in the liver and morphologically and molecularly identified as Taenia taeniaeformis strobilocerci. The present case represents an indicator of the environmental contamination with Taenia eggs, highlighting the risk of infection for susceptible animals and humans. Besides the clinical relevance for pets, T. crassiceps is a zoonotic parasite and can be also cause of severe cysticercosis in humans. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. Surto de aflatoxicose em bezerros no Rio Grande do Sul Outbreak of aflatoxicosis in calves in southern Brazil

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    Felipe Pierezan

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available Um surto de aflatoxicose crônica é relatado em bezerros de raça leiteira. Quarenta bezerros holandeses machos de quatro meses de idade e aproximadamente 100kg eram mantidos em gaiolas individuais de 1,5 x 1,5m e alimentados com uma ração constituída por feno de alfafa, milho quebrado e substituto de leite. Seis bezerros (15% morreram após apresentar uma doença caracterizada por mau desenvolvimento geral, diarreia, pelagem áspera, dor abdominal, tenesmo, prolapso de reto e bruxismo. Alguns bezerros "deitavam e rolavam" no chão da gaiola. A duração do curso clínico, segundo observado pelos proprietários, foi de 2-3 dias; muitos terneiros desse lote que não morreram permaneceram pouco desenvolvidos. Três bezerros foram necropsiados. Os achados de necropsia incluíam fígado firme e castanho-claro, marcados hidrotórax e ascite, e edema do mesentério, mesocólon e das dobras da mucosa do abomaso. Os principais achados histopatológicos estavam restritos ao fígado e consistiam de fibrose, moderada megalocitose, hiperplasia de ductos biliares e lesão veno-oclusiva. A procura por contaminação de Senecio spp. no feno de alfafa resultou negativa. A análise do milho do alimento dos bezerros por cromatografia de camada delgada revelou 5.136ppb de aflatoxina B1. O diagnóstico de aflatoxicose foi feito baseado nos sinais clínicos e patologia característicos, na ausência de Senecio spp. na alimentação dos terneiros e na presença de altos níveis de aflatoxina no milho da alimentação dos bezerros.An outbreak of chronic aflatoxicosis is reported in dairy calves. Forty 4-month-old male Holstein calves of approximately 100kg were kept in individual cages of 1.5 x 1.5m and were fed a ration constituted by alfalfa hay, broken corn and milk substitute. Six calves (15% died after presenting a disease characterized by general unthriftiness, diarrhea, rough hair coats, abdominal pain, prolapsed rectum, grinding of teeth, and lying down

  9. Aflatoxinas: um risco a saúde humana e animal / Aflatoxins: a risk animal and human health

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    Helder Ferreira

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available O Aspergillus flavus e a subespécie próxima relacionada parasiticus têm sido reconhecidas por muito tempo como contaminadores principais de produtos orgânicos e inorgânicos. A. flavus, um fungo comum do solo, pode infestar uma larga escala de produtos agrícolas. Algumas variedades de A. flavus produzem as aflatoxinas, que são toxinas neoplásicas capazes de induzir neoplasia hepática em animais de laboratório. O crescimento de A. flavus e a biossíntese da aflatoxina depende da carcaça, da umidade, da temperatura, do pH, da aeração e da microflora competindo. As aflatoxinas são consideradas contaminantes naturais; cuja aproximação ideal de controle é a prevenção do crescimento do fungo e produção das aflatoxinas nos produtos. As aflatoxinas (B1, B2, G1 e G2 são metabólitos secundários associados à toxicidade causada por alimentações em animais. As aflatoxinas são relatadas como sendo hepatotóxicas, mutagênicas, imunossupressora e neoplásicas. A exposição as aflatoxinas dietéticas é considerada um fator de risco importante para o desenvolvimento de neoplasia hepatocelular em determinadas regiões do mundo. A indução de adutos no DNA pela aflatoxina B1 no fígado foi revista extensivamente em uma avaliação quantitativa de fatores de risco a neoplasias por aflatoxinas. As aflatoxinas são pró-neoplásicas, reagindo com o ácido desoxirribonucléico (DNA, ácido ribonucléico (RNA e as proteínas. Atualmente, vários avanços científicos têm sido feitos a fim de compreender a toxicologia clínica das aflatoxinas.

  10. Relación costo_beneficio en la termorregulación de Chinchilla lanigera Cost-benefit relationship in thermoregulation of Chinchilla lanigera

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    ARTURO CORTES

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available Chinchilla lanigera, es un roedor endémico de Chile que habita áreas desérticas del norte de Chile. Postulamos que C. lanigera (silvestre por habitar en ambientes con escasa disponibilidad de alimento y agua, debiera poseer atributos fisiológicos que minimicen los requerimientos (costos de energía y agua. Se evaluó el metabolismo energético en atmósferas de aire y He-O2, la pérdida de agua por evaporación (EWL y temperatura corporal (Tb a diferentes temperaturas ambientales (Ta. Los resultados más relevantes muestran que la tasa metabólica basal (BMR fue 0,66 mlO2/g h y la conductancia térmica (C de 0,0376 mlO2/g h°C; valores que corresponden al 80,4% y 72,5% de la magnitud predicha para un mamífero euterio de similar tamaño corporal, respectivamente. La conductancia térmica en atmósfera He-O2 fue 0,089 mlO2/g h°C, siendo la razón C He-O2 /C = 0,089/0,038 = 2,34, el valor más alto descrito para roedores. Esto indicaría que C. lanigera, poseería la aislación térmica más alta documentada a la fecha. Además, la evaporación pulmocutánea (EWL equivale al 95% del valor esperado para heterómidos. Chinchilla lanigera presenta una clara relación de costo-beneficio y/o compromisos en su capacidad de termorregulación. En efecto, los bajos valores de C y EWL implican costos de termorregulación a altas temperaturas (riesgo de hipertermia, particularmente cuando su hábitat desértico alcanza temperaturas ž 30°C. A la vez, estos bajos valores de C, EWL y BMR constituyen beneficios fisiológicos que favorecen la economía de energía y agua en un hábitat que es xérico y poco productivoChinchilla lanigera, is an endemic rodent inhabiting desert areas of northern Chile. We postulated that wild chinchilla should has a cost-benefit relationship in thermoregulation to cope with desert habitats. We evaluated the energy metabolism in air and He-O2, evaporative water loss (EWL and body temperature (Tb at different ambient

  11. Metabolismo

    OpenAIRE

    Battaner Arias, Enrique

    2013-01-01

    Una introducción al metabolismo de biomoléculas, con una introducción sobre ciclos geoquímicos. Trata también de metabolismo de xenobióticos, iones inorgánicos, metabolismo basal y aspectos metabólicos de la dieta

  12. The ovarian and uterine arteries in the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera

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    A. Cevik-Demirkana

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to describe arteries supplying the ovaries and uterus in the chinchilla. Five healthy adult female chinchillas were used. In order to reveal the arterial network by dissecting under a stereoscopic microscope, latex coloured with red ink was injected through the common carotid artery. The ovaries of the chinchilla are supplied by the arteriae ovaricae which formed end-to-end anastomoses with the cranial termination of the arteria uterina. Soon after leaving the aorta abdominalis, the arteriae ovaricae extended 2-3mm caudolaterally, then released 1 branch and extended caudally and bifurcated into 2 further branches. One of these supplied branches to fat tissue. The other branch coursed caudally and anastomosed with the arteria circumflexa ilium profunda and dispersed into fat tissue. The arteria ovarica further subdivided into 2 rami ovaricae. The origins of the uterine arteries were exclusively from the left arteria iliaca externa. The arteria uterina gave a branch to the arteria umbilicalis and consecutive branches which supplied to the ureter, urinary bladder and cranial aspects of the vagina. It also gave rise to 2-3 branches to the cervix and further supplied 10-12 meandering branches to the uterine horns. The arteria uterina gave rise to many tortuous arteries to the uterus and provided 2 further branches to the ovary.

  13. Gross morphological features of plexus brachialis in the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera

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    A. Cevik-Demirkan

    2007-05-01

    Full Text Available This study documents the detailed features of the morphological structure and the innervation areas of the plexus brachialis in the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera. The animals (5 female and 5 male were euthanased with ketamine hydrocloride and xylazine hydrocloride combination, 60 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, respectively. Skin, muscles and nerves were dissected under a stereo-microscope. The brachial plexus of the chinchilla is formed by rami ventrales of C5-C8, T1 and T2, and possesses a single truncus. The subscapular nerve is formed by the rami of the spinal nerves originating from C6 (one thin ramus and C7 (one thick and 2 thin rami. These nerves innervate the subscapular and teres minor muscles. The long thoracic nerve, before joining with the brachial plexus, obtains branches from C6 and C7 in 5 cadavers (3 male, 2 female, from C7 in 4 cadavers (2 male, 2 female and from C6-C8 in only 1 female cadaver. These nerves disperse in variable combinations to form the extrinsic and intrinstic named, nerves of the thoracic limb. An undefined nerve branch originates from the rami ventrales of C7, C8 and T1 spinal nerves enter the coracobrachial muscle.

  14. Desempenho e plumagem de frangos de corte intoxicados por aflatoxinas

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    Giacomini Leandro

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar os efeitos das aflatoxinas sobre o desempenho e plumagem de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 240 pintos machos, alimentados de 1 a 42 dias de idade com ração ad libitum sem aflatoxinas (grupo controle e contaminada com 3mg de aflatoxinas/kg de ração (grupo tratado. As aves foram analisadas duas vezes ao dia em relação ao seu desenvolvimento. O consumo de ração e peso dos animais foram avaliados ao final de cada fase de criação (21, 35 e 42 dias. Ao final do experimento, realizaram-se as avaliações patológicas, a pesagem das penas e a avaliação dos seus aminoácidos. As aves do grupo tratado apresentaram sinais caracteristicos de intoxicação por aflatoxinas, como desuniformidade da estatura, redução no consumo de ração e ganho de peso e alterações microscópicas e macroscópicas em órgãos e tecidos. Observou-se que o coração e o fígado das aves intoxicadas apresentaram um incremento significativo no peso médio relativo, a massa de penas foi reduzida significativamente (33,8% e não houve alterações na concentração e na composição dos aminoácidos, apesar do baixo desempenho dos animais intoxicados.

  15. Intoxicação experimental por aflatoxina em bezerros

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    Felipe Pierezan

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Foram realizados dois experimentos para determinar os efeitos tóxicos de diferentes doses de aflatoxinas em bezerros, considerando-se aspectos clínicos, produtivos e patológicos. No primeiro experimento, nove bezerros, Holandês, com 2-4 meses de idade, receberam ração contendo 500±100 ppb de aflatoxina, na quantidade equivalente a 1,5% do peso vivo/dia, durante dois meses. Três bezerros de idade e peso semelhantes foram usados como controle e, exceto por terem recebido ração livre de aflatoxinas, foram mantidos nas mesmas condições. No segundo experimento, três bezerros, Holandês, com 4-5 meses de idade, receberam, por via oral, pequenas porções diárias de um concentrado de aflatoxinas, diluídas em 500ml de água, correspondendo a doses de 1.250, 2.500 e 5.000 ppb de aflatoxina B1 (AFB1. Um bezerro, Holandês, 4 meses, macho, foi usado como controle. No primeiro experimento, o ganho de peso dos bezerros recebendo AFB1 foi equivalente ao do grupo controle durante todo período experimental. Nesse experimento não foram observadas alterações na atividade sérica da enzima aspartato transaminase (AST, nos níveis da albumina sérica (AS, da proteína total (PT e no hematócrito, quando comparados os resultados semanais do grupo tratamento e controle. No entanto, observou-se diferença significativa nas atividades séricas das enzimas fosfatase alcalina (FA e gama glutamil transferase (GGT entre o grupo tratamento e o grupo controle, na coleta do 63º dia do experimento. Durante o período experimental, e três semanas após o término desse período, não foram observados sinais clínicos e alterações histopatológicas associadas ao consumo de aflatoxinas, em qualquer dos bezerros do grupo tratamento do primeiro experimento. No segundo experimento, sinais clínicos observados nos três bezerros intoxicados incluíram perda de apetite, diminuição do ganho de peso e emagrecimento. Icterícia, diarreia intermitente, tenesmo e

  16. Efeito do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus globulus sobre espécies produtoras de aflatoxinas

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    Georgia Rocha Vilela

    2007-01-01

    Há relatos na literatura de alguns compostos naturais de plantas que são usados para preservação de alimentos e no controle do desenvolvimento de fungos e bactérias que ocorrem em plantas, grãos, cereais e derivados. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar "in vitro" o efeito do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus globulus e seu composto majoritário sobre o crescimento micelial dos fungos Aspergillus flavus e Aspergillus parasiticus e a produção de aflatoxinas. A composição química do...

  17. Survey of aflatoxins in tomato products Aflatoxinas em produtos de tomate

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    Lilian Regina Barros Mariutti

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Tomatoes are highly susceptible to fungi contamination in the field, during transportation, processing, and storage. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus have been isolated from tomatoes and tomato products, and both fungi species can produce aflatoxin, mycotoxin with hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects on all animal species tested so far. In order to verify a possible aflatoxin contamination of tomato products commercialized in Brazil, 63 samples of tomato products (pulp, paste, purée, ketchup, dehydrated tomatoes, and dried tomatoes preserved in oil produced in 5 Brazilian states and 1 imported sample (ketchup, totalizing 29 brands, were analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The analytical method showed an average recovery of 86% for all aflatoxins at two spiking levels. The limits of detection for the aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 varied with the type of the product ranging from 2 to 7 µg/kg. Aflatoxins were not detected in any evaluated sample indicating that they did not pose a risk to human health since there was no invasion of raw materials by toxigenic fungi or no conditions for toxin production.Os tomates são frutos altamente susceptíveis à contaminação fúngica tanto no campo como durante o transporte, processamento e armazenamento. Aspergillus flavus e Aspergillus parasiticus têm sido isolados em tomate e em produtos de tomate e ambas as espécies são produtoras de aflatoxinas, potentes micotoxinas que apresentam efeitos hepatotóxicos, carcinogênicos, teratogênicos e mutagênicos para todas as espécies animais testadas até o momento. Para verificar a possível contaminação por estas micotoxinas em produtos de tomate comercializados no Brasil, amostras de 63 produtos de tomate (polpa, pasta, purê, catchup, tomate desidratado e tomate seco conservado em óleo provenientes de 5 Estados brasileiros e uma do exterior (catchup, compreendendo a 29 marcas, foram analisadas por

  18. Transformación de la aflatoxina B1 de alimentos, en el cancerígeno humano, aducto AFB1-ADN

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    Magda Carvajal

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Las aflatoxinas (AF son metabolitos secundarios tóxicos principalmente de los hongos Aspergillus flavus y A. parasiticus, son potentes mutágenos y cancerígenos de alimentos y la exposición del hombre a ellas es continuo. Las AF se ligan al ADN, ARN y proteínas formando aductos AFB1-ADN que se acumulan por años y dañan desde los virus hasta el hombre. Es importante identificar y cuantificar estos aductos como biomarcadores de largo tiempo de riesgo de enfermedad, ya que originan mutaciones y cáncer, y están validados en animales y humanos. Las AF se activan en presencia del citocromo P450 como una molécula inestable 8,9 epóxido AFB1, que se liga al N7 de la guanina, y se transforma en los cancerígenos activos o aductos AFB1-Gua y, finalmente, en los aductos AFB1-FAPY y son una medida objetiva de la exposición humana a cancerígenos ambientales. Los aductos representan la exposición, absorción, distribución, metabolismo, reparación del ADN y cambio celular. Los temas tratados aquí son la formación de aductos AFB1-ADN, estudios in vitro e in vivo, exposición a una dieta con AFB1, efectos, desarrollo de cáncer y mutaciones en el gen supresor p53, rutas de exposición, vitaminas, tipos de aducto AFB1-ADN, metodología y su control.

  19. Reproductive performance and weaning success in fur-chewing chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera).

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    Galeano, María G; Cantarelli, Verónica I; Ruiz, Rubén D; Fiol de Cuneo, Marta; Ponzio, Marina F

    2014-09-01

    In captive chinchillas, one of the most challenging behavioral problems is the development of a stress-related abnormal repetitive behavior (ARB) known as "fur-chewing". We investigated whether there is a relationship between the severity of fur-chewing behavior and reproductive function in male and female chinchillas. Regardless of the severity of abnormal behavior, fur-chewing males did not show significant differences in seminal quality (sperm concentration, motility and viability; integrity of sperm membrane and acrosome) and the response to the process of semen collection (the number of stimuli needed to achieve ejaculation) when compared to those with normal behavior. Also, females showing normal or fur-chewing behavior presented similar reproductive performance in terms of number of litters per female per year and litter size. However, pup survival rate was lower (p=0.05) in fur-chewing females than in normal females. These results seem to be consistent with data suggesting non-significant effects of ARBs on reproductive performance. Copyright © 2014 Society for Biology of Reproduction & the Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn. Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z o.o. All rights reserved.

  20. Antioxidant property of Nigella sativa (black cumin) and Syzygium aromaticum (clove) in rats during aflatoxicosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abdel-Wahhab, M A; Aly, S E

    2005-01-01

    Aflatoxins, a group of closely related, extremely toxic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, can occur as natural contaminants of foods and feeds. Aflatoxins have been shown to be hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic to different animal species. Nigella sativa (black cumin) and Syzygium aromaticum (clove) oil are used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and have antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of these volatile oils to scavenge free radicals generated during aflatoxicosis. Sixty male rats were divided into six treatment groups, including a control group, and the groups were treated for 30 days with Nigella sativa and Syzygium aromaticum oils with or without aflatoxin. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experimental period for haematological and biochemical analysis. The results indicated that exposure to aflatoxins resulted in haematological and biochemical changes typical for aflatoxicosis. Treatment with Nigella sativa and Syzygium aromaticum oil of rats fed an aflatoxin-contaminated diet resulted in significant protection against aflatoxicosis. Moreover, Nigella sativa oil was found to be more effective than Syzygium aromaticum oil in restoring the parameters that were altered by aflatoxin in rats. Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

  1. Conjuntivite bacteriana secundária à doença dentária em chinchilas (Chinchilla lanigera Bacterial conjunctivitis secondary to dental disease in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera

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    Ricardo Barbosa Lucena

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available São relatados três casos de conjuntivite bacteriana associada à doença dentária grave em chinchilas. Todas as chinchilas afetadas tinham histórico de emagrecimento, hipersalivação e epífora, que progrediu para exsudação ocular purulenta. Durante a necropsia, foi constatado marcado alongamento da coroa clínica dos incisivos e molares, e crescimento do ápice dentário, causando deformação óssea e compressão do canal lacrimal. Histologicamente, observou-se infiltrado de neutrófilos na conjuntiva e pálpebras. Cultivo microbiológico do exsudato ocular revelou crescimento de Staphylococcus coagulase-positiva . Uma compressão do canal lacrimal pelo crescimento dentário excessivo impediu a drenagem das lágrimas, resultando em epífora. Esse é um importante fator predisponente para infecção bacteriana ocular em chinchilas.Three cases of bacterial conjunctivitis associated with severe dental disease in chinchillas are described. All affected chinchillas had a history of weight loss, ptyalism, and epiphora which progressed to suppurative ocular exsudation. At necropsy incisor and molar teeth revealed marked elongation of the clinical crown and overgrowth of the dental apexes resulting in deformation of the tear ducts. Histologically, there was neutrophilic infiltrate in the conjunctiva and eyelid skin. Microbiological culture carried out in samples from the ocular exsudate yielded Staphylococcus coagulase-positive. Compression of the lacrimal duct by dental overgrowth compromised tear draining and resulting in epiphora. This is a major predisposing factor inducing bacterial ocular infection in chinchillas.

  2. Assessment of intraocular pressure in chinchillas of different age groups using rebound tonometry

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    Flor Diana Yokoay Claros Chacaltana

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP of normal chinchilla eyes using the rebound tonometer. A further aim was to assess whether there were differences in the values of intraocular pressure in relation to animals age, gender and time of day. Thirty-six chinchillas were divided into three groups of 12 chinchillas each, by age: Group I (2-6-month-old, Group II (20 and 34 months and Group III (37 and 135 months. Ophthalmic examination was performed previously by Schirmer tear test, slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein test in all chinchillas. Three measurements of intraocular pressure were assessed on the same day (7, 12 and 19h. Tonometry was performed on both eyes using the rebound tonometer after calibration in "p" mode. Statistical analysis was performed with SigmaPlot for Windows. The mean IOP for groups I, II and III were 2.47±0.581mmHg, 2.47±0.581mmHg and 2.51±0.531mmHg, respectively. No significant differences were reported between age and IOP and no significant differences were reported between the time of day and IOP. The IOP in chinchillas did not differ significantly between genders or ages of the animals, and did not change with time of day.

  3. Reference values for chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger blood cells and serum biochemical parameters Valores de referência para os parâmetros das células e bioquímica sangüínea da chinchila (Chinchilla laniger

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    Tális de Oliveira Silva

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Raising chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger for commercial purpose has increased significantly; however, hematological and serum biochemical reference values have not yet been determined for chinchillas raised in south Brazil. Establishing blood cells and serum biochemistry reference values might be helpful to evaluate health status of chinchillas and might be used as a tool by clinicians. The purpose of this study was to determine the reference values for blood cells and serum biochemistry of Chinchilla laniger. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture from 16 adult males, at the time they were killed to remove the fur coat, and from 8 adult males anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine. Blood cell counts and serum biochemistry analysis were performed using standard techniques and the results were expressed as mean ± SEM. Analysis of blood parameters from post-mortem cardiac punctured and from anesthetized chinchillas indicated that blood samples from anesthetized chinchillas had higher PCV, Hemoglobin, MCHC and WBC (P A criação de chinchila (Chinchilla laniger com objetivos comerciais tem crescido muito nos últimos anos. No entanto, os valores de referência para os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos não foram ainda determinados para chinchilas criados no sul do Brasil. O estabelecimento dos valores de referência para esses parâmetros pode servir de auxílio para a avaliação da saúde das chinchilas e servir de auxílio diagnóstico para o clínico. Esse estudo teve como objetivo determinar os valores de referência das células e da bioquímica sangüínea da Chinchilla laniger. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas por meio de punção cardíaca de 16 machos adultos no momento em que os animais foram mortos para remoção da pele, e de 8 machos adultos após anestesia com xylazina e ketamina. A contagem das células sangüíneas e a análise dos parâmetros bioquímicos foram feitas utilizando-se métodos padronizados em

  4. Aflatoxinas: conceitos sobre mecanismos de toxicidade e seu envolvimento na etiologia do câncer hepático celular

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    Oliveira Carlos Augusto Fernandes de

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available Foram revistos os conceitos de maior relevância sobre mecanismos de toxicidade e evidências do envolvimento das aflatoxinas na etiologia do câncer hepático humano. A aflatoxina B1 (AFB1, principal metabólito produzido por fungos do gênero Aspergillus, manifesta seus efeitos tóxicos após conversão hepática em AFB1-epóxido, o qual reage com macromoléculas celulares, incluindo proteínas, RNA (ácido ribonucléico e DNA (ácido desoxirribonucléico. A reação com o DNA ocorre através da ligação com guaninas, ao nível do códon 249, do gene supressor de tumores p53. Em seres humanos, estudos de biomonitoramento individual de derivados AFB1-N7-guanina tem demonstrado que as aflatoxinas constituem importantes fatores de risco, com uma provável interação sinergística com o vírus da hepatite B, para o desenvolvimento do carcinoma hepatocelular em populações expostas. Considerando-se a ocorrência freqüente das aflatoxinas em produtos alimentícios, no Brasil, ressalta-se a necessidade de estudos que avaliem criteriosamente o impacto dos níveis de exposição a estas toxinas sobre a saúde humana.

  5. Aflatoxinas: conceitos sobre mecanismos de toxicidade e seu envolvimento na etiologia do câncer hepático celular

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    Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira

    1997-08-01

    Full Text Available Foram revistos os conceitos de maior relevância sobre mecanismos de toxicidade e evidências do envolvimento das aflatoxinas na etiologia do câncer hepático humano. A aflatoxina B1 (AFB1, principal metabólito produzido por fungos do gênero Aspergillus, manifesta seus efeitos tóxicos após conversão hepática em AFB1-epóxido, o qual reage com macromoléculas celulares, incluindo proteínas, RNA (ácido ribonucléico e DNA (ácido desoxirribonucléico. A reação com o DNA ocorre através da ligação com guaninas, ao nível do códon 249, do gene supressor de tumores p53. Em seres humanos, estudos de biomonitoramento individual de derivados AFB1-N7-guanina tem demonstrado que as aflatoxinas constituem importantes fatores de risco, com uma provável interação sinergística com o vírus da hepatite B, para o desenvolvimento do carcinoma hepatocelular em populações expostas. Considerando-se a ocorrência freqüente das aflatoxinas em produtos alimentícios, no Brasil, ressalta-se a necessidade de estudos que avaliem criteriosamente o impacto dos níveis de exposição a estas toxinas sobre a saúde humana.

  6. Successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation following cardiopulmonary arrest in a geriatric chinchilla.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fernandez, Christina M; Peyton, Jamie L; Miller, Mona; Johnson, Eric G; Kovacic, Jan P

    2013-01-01

    To describe the successful application of CPR in a geriatric chinchilla employing basic and advanced life support measures during cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). A 13-year-old female intact chinchilla presented to a general and multispecialty referral hospital for a dental procedure. During recovery from anesthesia the patient suffered CPA and CPR was initiated. Noninvasive positive pressure mask ventilation was initiated and external chest compressions were performed. An 18-Ga needle was introduced into the medullary cavity of the right humerus as an intraosseous catheter and provided access for administration of drugs and fluids. After return of spontaneous circulation was noted mannitol was administered via the intraosseous catheter to alleviate suspected increased intracranial pressure. Clinical improvement was noted shortly after administration. Monitoring during the recovery period showed a normal sinus cardiac rhythm and a SpO₂ of 100% while on supplemental oxygen. Neurologic function continued to improve over the following hours. Oxygen therapy was provided via an oxygen cage, and administration of antimicirobials, gastrointestinal protectants, and nutritional supplementation were part of the post resuscitation care. Oxygen therapy was discontinued after 24 hours, during which time normal behaviors were observed and neurologic status was considered appropriate. The patient was discharged 48 hours after CPA. Published reports from clinical practice on the outcomes of CPR for exotic small mammals are limited. This report details the successful outcome of the use of combined basic and advanced life support measures for the provision of CPR in a chinchilla. This report also highlights the utility of an intraosseous catheter for administration of drugs and fluids novel to this species during resuscitation and recovery. To the authors' knowledge this is the first published report of successful CPR following CPA in a geriatric chinchilla. © Veterinary Emergency

  7. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Fibrin in Otitis Media: Analysis of Human and Chinchilla Temporal Bones.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schachern, Patricia A; Kwon, Geeyoun; Briles, David E; Ferrieri, Patricia; Juhn, Steven; Cureoglu, Sebahattin; Paparella, Michael M; Tsuprun, Vladimir

    2017-10-01

    Bacterial resistance in acute otitis can result in bacterial persistence and biofilm formation, triggering chronic and recurrent infections. To investigate the middle ear inflammatory response to bacterial infection in human and chinchilla temporal bones. Six chinchillas underwent intrabullar inoculations with 0.5 mL of 106 colony-forming units (CFUs) of Streptococcus pneumoniae, serotype 2. Two days later, we counted bacteria in middle ear effusions postmortem. One ear from each chinchilla was processed in paraffin and sectioned at 5 µm. The opposite ear was embedded in epoxy resin, sectioned at a thickness of 1 µm, and stained with toluidine blue. In addition, we examined human temporal bones from 2 deceased donors with clinical histories of otitis media (1 with acute onset otitis media, 1 with recurrent infection). Temporal bones had been previously removed at autopsy, processed, embedded in celloidin, and cut at a thickness of 20 µm. Sections of temporal bones from both chinchillas and humans were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and immunolabeled with antifibrin and antihistone H4 antibodies. Histopatological and imminohistochemical changes owing to otitis media. Bacterial counts in chinchilla middle ear effusions 2 days after inoculation were approximately 2 logs above initial inoculum counts. Both human and chinchilla middle ear effusions contained bacteria embedded in a fibrous matrix. Some fibers in the matrix showed positive staining with antifibrin antibody, others with antihistone H4 antibody. In acute and recurrent otitis media, fibrin and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are part of the host inflammatory response to bacterial infection. In the early stages of otitis media the host defense system uses fibrin to entrap bacteria, and NETs function to eliminate bacteria. In chronic otitis media, fibrin and NETs appear to persist.

  8. Stronger efferent suppression of cochlear neural potentials by contralateral acoustic stimulation in awake than in anesthetized chinchilla

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    Cristian eAedo

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available There are two types of sensory cells in the mammalian cochlea, inner hair cells, which make synaptic contact with auditory-nerve afferent fibers, and outer hair cells that are innervated by crossed and uncrossed medial olivocochlear (MOC efferent fibers. Contralateral acoustic stimulation activates the uncrossed efferent MOC fibers reducing cochlear neural responses, thus modifying the input to the central auditory system. The chinchilla, among all studied mammals, displays the lowest percentage of uncrossed MOC fibers raising questions about the strength and frequency distribution of the contralateral-sound effect in this species. On the other hand, MOC effects on cochlear sensitivity have been mainly studied in anesthetized animals and since the MOC-neuron activity depends on the level of anesthesia, it is important to assess the influence of anesthesia in the strength of efferent effects. Seven adult chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger were chronically implanted with round-window electrodes in both cochleae. We compared the effect of contralateral sound in awake and anesthetized condition. Compound action potentials (CAP and cochlear microphonics (CM were measured in the ipsilateral cochlea in response to tones in absence and presence of contralateral sound. Control measurements performed after middle-ear muscles section in one animal discarded any possible middle-ear reflex activation. Contralateral sound produced CAP amplitude reductions in all chinchillas, with suppression effects greater by about 1-3 dB in awake than in anesthetized animals. In contrast, CM amplitude increases of up to 1.9 dB were found in only three awake chinchillas. In both conditions the strongest efferent effects were produced by contralateral tones at frequencies equal or close to those of ipsilateral tones. Contralateral CAP suppressions for 1-6 kHz ipsilateral tones corresponded to a span of uncrossed MOC fiber innervation reaching at least the central third of the

  9. Stronger efferent suppression of cochlear neural potentials by contralateral acoustic stimulation in awake than in anesthetized chinchilla.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aedo, Cristian; Tapia, Eduardo; Pavez, Elizabeth; Elgueda, Diego; Delano, Paul H; Robles, Luis

    2015-01-01

    There are two types of sensory cells in the mammalian cochlea, inner hair cells, which make synaptic contact with auditory-nerve afferent fibers, and outer hair cells that are innervated by crossed and uncrossed medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent fibers. Contralateral acoustic stimulation activates the uncrossed efferent MOC fibers reducing cochlear neural responses, thus modifying the input to the central auditory system. The chinchilla, among all studied mammals, displays the lowest percentage of uncrossed MOC fibers raising questions about the strength and frequency distribution of the contralateral-sound effect in this species. On the other hand, MOC effects on cochlear sensitivity have been mainly studied in anesthetized animals and since the MOC-neuron activity depends on the level of anesthesia, it is important to assess the influence of anesthesia in the strength of efferent effects. Seven adult chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger) were chronically implanted with round-window electrodes in both cochleae. We compared the effect of contralateral sound in awake and anesthetized condition. Compound action potentials (CAP) and cochlear microphonics (CM) were measured in the ipsilateral cochlea in response to tones in absence and presence of contralateral sound. Control measurements performed after middle-ear muscles section in one animal discarded any possible middle-ear reflex activation. Contralateral sound produced CAP amplitude reductions in all chinchillas, with suppression effects greater by about 1-3 dB in awake than in anesthetized animals. In contrast, CM amplitude increases of up to 1.9 dB were found in only three awake chinchillas. In both conditions the strongest efferent effects were produced by contralateral tones at frequencies equal or close to those of ipsilateral tones. Contralateral CAP suppressions for 1-6 kHz ipsilateral tones corresponded to a span of uncrossed MOC fiber innervation reaching at least the central third of the chinchilla cochlea.

  10. Oviduct morphology and estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ expression in captive Chinchilla lanigera (Hystricomorpha: Chinchillidae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Machado-Neves, Mariana; Assis, Wiviane Alves de; Gomes, Mardelene Geísa; Oliveira, Cleida Aparecida de

    2018-03-22

    Chinchilla lanigera is a hystricomorph rodent from South America whose reproductive biology presents particular characteristics that distinguishes it from other Rodentia species, such as low reproductive rate, seasonal breeding pattern, and long estrous cycle. Nevertheless, reproductive features in female chinchillas are still poorly investigated, with a scarce knowledge concerning the estrous cycle and the histology of reproductive organs. In this study, we investigate the morphology, histomorphometry, secretory activity, and immunolocalization of estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ in oviducts of nulliparous chinchillas, euthanized at fall season in Brazil. Follicular phase of estrous cycle of all studied animals was characterized by ovary and uterine morphology inspection, as well as vaginal cytology. Similar to other mammals, the oviduct wall of infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus was composed of mucosa, muscle, and serosa layers. Morphometric data of oviduct layers were used for identifying each oviduct segment. In the follicular phase, the oviduct was characterized by intense secretory activity, mainly in the ampulla, and expression of ERα and ERβ throughout the oviduct epithelium. Both ERα and ERβ were also detected in the connective tissue and smooth muscle cells. Our findings point out to the important role of estrogen in this female organ. Similar wide distribution of both ER proteins has been described for human Fallopian tube. Taken together, our data add to the understanding of the reproductive biology of female chinchillas, and may assist in the intensive breeding of this species and any eventual endeavor for conservation of chinchillas in the wild. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. Evaluación de adsorbentes para la reducción de aflatoxina M1 en leche de vacas alimentadas con dietas contaminadas artificialmente con AFB

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    Federico Rojo

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Los adsorbentes han sido utilizados ampliamente para prevenir las micotoxicosis y la transferencia d e toxinas o sus metabolitos dentro de la cadena alimentaria. Particularmente, se unen a las aflatoxinas dentro del tracto gastrointestinal de los rumiantes, disminuyendo su biodisponibilidad y la transferencia de aflatoxin a M 1 (AFM 1 a la leche. El presente estudio se desarrolló para evaluar dos métodos de exposición a aflatoxina B 1 en vacas Holstein y monitorear la transferencia AFM 1 a la leche. Adicionalmente, se analizó el potencial de tres adsorbentes de aflatoxinas en ambos experimentos. Los resultados mostraron una tasa de trasferencia de AFB 1 a AFM 1 / día de 3.35 y 1.8 % en los dos experimentos respectivamente. La transferencia estimada de AFM 1 en la leche observada en el segundo método fue cercana a las obtenidas de vacas alimentadas con alimentos natura lmente contaminados con aflatoxinas. A diferencia de los glucomananos de paredes cel ulares de levaduras, ambos adsorbentes de aluminosilicatos disminuyeron significativamente los niveles de AFM 1 en la leche ( P <0.05.

  12. Pathological and biochemical evaluation of coumarin and chlorophyllin against aflatoxicosis in rat.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abdel-Latif, Mohamed S; Elmeleigy, Khaled M; Aly, Tahany A A; Khattab, Marwa S; Mohamed, Sara M

    2017-06-14

    Aflatoxin contamination of animal diet has adverse effects on animal health and productivity. This study was performed to investigate the effect of using coumarin and/or chlorophyllin in rat diet against aflatoxicosis. Fifty-four rats were assigned into 7 groups (6 rats each). G1 was a negative control. G2 received water with coumarin 0.5%. G3 received water with chlorophyllin 0.5%. G4 received water with coumarin 0.5% and chlorophyllin 0.5%. G5-8 fed aflatoxin B 1 1000ppb in diet. Group 6-8 were administered similar treatments as G2-4. The experiment ended after 8 weeks. Random glucose, total lipid, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, total protein, serum ALT, AST, creatinine, and urea were measured. Histopathology of liver, kidney and pancreas and immunohistochemical staining of placental glutathione-S-transferase (GST-P) in liver were performed. The glucose serum level, cholesterol, AST, and ALT were elevated in G5 compared to G6-8. The liver and kidney lesions in G5 included vacuolation and necrosis which subsided in G6-8. The necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration in the pancreas of G5 were absent in G6-8. GST-P positive hepatocytes were abundant in G5, few in G6 and absent in G7 and G8. In conclusion, the chlorophyllin and coumarin possessed protective and anti-carcinogenic effect against aflatoxicosis in rats. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

  13. Activity of the aqueous extract from Polymnia sonchifolia leaves on growth and production of aflatoxin B1 by Aspergillus flavus Atividade do extrato aquoso de folhas de Polymnia sonchifolia no crescimento e produção de aflatoxina B1 por Aspergillus flavus

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    Marina M. Pinto

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available The aqueous extract from Polymnia sonchifolia leaves (AE was tested for inhibitory activity on aflatoxin B1(AFB1 production and growth of Aspergillus flavus. The cytotoxicity of AE on Vero cells was also performed. Suspensions of A. flavus spores were inoculated into 50 mL of YES medium together with different concentrations of the AE. The aflatoxin B1 was extracted, analyzed by thin layer chromatography and quantified by photodensitometry. All the concentrations of AE induced inhibition of AFB1 production. The aqueous extract showed in vitro cytotoxicity to Vero cells only at concentrations above 500 µg/mL.Neste trabalho verificou-se a atividade do extrato aquoso de folhas de Polymnia sonchifolia no crescimento e na produção de aflatoxinas B1 por Aspergillus flavus. Suspensões de esporos de A. flavus foram inoculadas em 50 mL de meio de YES com diferentes concentrações do extrato aquoso. A aflatoxina B1 foi extraída e analisada por cromatografia de camada delgada e quantificada por fotodensitometria. Todas as concentrações testadas inibiram a produção de aflatoxina B1. O extrato aquoso apresentou citotoxicidade em células Vero somente em concentrações acima de 500 µg/mL.

  14. aflatoxina b1

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    A. Valdivia

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Con el objetivo de probar que la suplementación dietética de ácido elágico (AE o N-Acetilcisteína (NAC en pollos de engorda, atenúa los efectos de una intoxicación aguda por la aflatoxina B1 (AFB1, se intoxicaron con AFB1 pura, tres grupos de diez pollos cada uno (3.0 mb/kg pc, IP. Otros tres grupos recibieron solamente el vehículo (aceite de maíz 2.0 ml/kg pc, IP. Cuatro días antes se administró un alimento testigo, o bien, la misma dieta adicionada con AE (2.5 g/kg o NAC (200 mg/kg pc/6 h. A las 24 horas de la administración de AFB1, se cuantificaron las concentraciones hepáticas de glutatión (GSH, de actividad enzimática específica de la transferasa de glutatión (GST, alanina aminotransferasa, aspartato aminotransferasa y de proteínas hepáticas totales. Los resultados mostraron que NAC atenúa el impacto negativo de la AFB1 sobre el crecimiento corporal y al igual que AE, incrementa la GST y revierte parcialmente los efectos de AFB1 sobre GSH, lo cual sugiere que ambas sustancias pudieran conferir un efecto protector de las aves

  15. Adição de bentonita sódica como adsorvente de aflatoxinas em rações de frangos de corte Utilization of sodium bentonite as adsorbent of aflatoxins in broiler feed

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    Juarez Morbini Lopes

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available A presença de micotoxinas nas matérias-primas, principalmente no milho utilizado para rações para aves, é uma das maiores preocupações atuais devido aos danos causados por essa substâmcia não só aos animais, mas também aos produtores e às empresas do setor avícola. Considerando a utilização de adsorvente ou seqüestrante na ração para minimizar os efeitos deletérios, realizou-se um experimento para avaliar o efeito da adição de um adsorvente, baseado em bentonita sódica, na ração de frangos de corte, a fim de reduzir os efeitos de aflatoxinas. Foram utilizados 960 pintos Cobb de um dia de idade, distribuídos em oito repetições de 20 animais nos tratamentos: T1=sem aflatoxina;T2=3mg kg-1 de aflatoxina;T3=sem aflatoxina+0,5% de bentonita; T4=3mg kg-1 de aflatoxina+0,1% de bentonita; T5=3mg kg-1 de aflatoxina+0,3% de bentonita e T6=3mg kg-1 de aflatoxina+0,5% de bentonita. O consumo alimentar, o peso corporal e a conversão alimentar foram afetados pela presença da toxina na ração. A adição de bentonita sódica na ração sem aflatoxina não causou nenhum efeito depressivo nas aves. Nos tratamentos que continham 3mg kg-1 de aflatoxinas, a adição do adsorvente promoveu um melhor desempenho das aves, sendo que 0,3% de adição de bentonita apresentou melhores resultados.High concentrations of micotoxins in raw materials, mainly in corn used in poultry rations of food, is an important subject of study due to hazardous problems not only to the animals themselves but also to the producer and to the poultry industry due to the reduction of performance by aflatoxins. Taking into account the lack of efficient tecnique for its elimination, from the feed, an adsorbent was added to the diets in order to reduce the effects of aflatoxins. Nine hundred sixty day old Cobb chicks, distributed in 8 replicates of 20 birds per pen the following treatments: T1=No aflatoxin; T2=3mg kg-1 of aflatoxin; T3=no aflatoxin+0.5% of bentonite; T

  16. Reference Values for the Ophthalmic Schirmer Tear Test and the Intraocular Pressure in Healthy Chinchillas

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    Richards M.

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP and tear production before and after topical anaesthesia in healthy chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera. Thirteen healthy non-sedated chinchillas (eight males and five females were used in this study. The tear production was measured by the novel endodontic paper point tear test (PPTT using Roeko Colour No. 30 Paper points. Following the PPTT, one drop of 0.4 % oxybuprokainium chloride was added to the eye to anaesthetise the cornea and the IOP was measured using the Tono-Pen Avia®Vet. Excess anaesthetic was removed from the conjunctival fornix using a sterile cotton tipped applicator and the PPTT II was performed. The PPTT I and II were measured in 26 eyes, mean ± standard deviations (SD were 7.98 ± 1.95 mm.min−1, and 9.71 ± 3.52 mm.min−1 respectively. The IOP was measured in 20 eyes, and the mean ± SD was 28.52 ± 12.48 mmHg (35.50 ± 9.31 mmHg in males and 21.53 ± 11.57 mmHg in females. There was no significant difference in the PPTT results between the left and right eyes or between the male and female groups. The males were found to have a significantly higher IOP than females and the PPTT II was significantly greater than the PPTT I. The PPTT test proved to be effective, easy to use, and reliable, causing little apparent discomfort to the chinchillas and could prove to be a much more effective tool than the Schirmer tear test for the evaluation of the tear production in animals with small eyes and/or low aqueous tear production. The mean intraocular pressure proved to be much higher in this population of chinchillas than those previously studied and so further investigation is warranted before a reliable reference range may be produced.

  17. SLEEPING AND RESTING BEHAVIOR, FACTORS AND IMPLICATIONS IN BREEDING TECHNOLOGY OF CHINCHILLA

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    M. BOTHA

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available Fallowing many papers, related to different breeding systems of the Chinchilla l., wirenetting floor and bedding cage, which results that there are no significant differencesoverview the growth indices and implicit the forage intake, we where studied thebreed’s behavior to explain all these. Adopting one of the breeding systems involvessmaller or bigger investment, this being the principal aim of this paper. Knowing thatChinchilla has an inactive period of 71,02% from 24 h, they are resting 54,05% and16,97% so-called sleeping in 24 h. From our studies results that most of inactive time(rest and sleeping they are sitting on the dust bath tray, no matter the floor type. Thatexplains there are no significant differences in outputs depending on the adoptedtechnology.

  18. Immunoreactivity of S100β protein in the hippocampus of chinchilla

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    Krawczyk Aleksandra

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the study was to investigate S100β protein in astrocytes of CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus proper and the dentate gyrus with the hilus yet undefined in mature males of chinchilla. The presence of S100β was determined using indirect immunohistochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase method with specific monoclonal antibody against this protein. Most of the S100β-positive cells were detected in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and in the middle part of the hilus. In CA3 area, it was found that the most numerous cells with S100β are in stratum radiatum. In CA1 area, there were single astrocytes expressing this protein. This data demonstrates species differences and a large quantity of S100β immunoreactive cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of chinchilla, which may be associated with structural reorganisation of the hippocampus and with neurogenesis, learning, and memorising process dependent on the hippocampus.

  19. Development of an analytic outline for the aflatoxins analysis in grains and flours; Desarrollo de un esquema analitico para el analisis de aflatoxinas en granos y harinas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sibaja Adams, Roxana

    2000-07-01

    The instrumental and analytic conditions were optimized for the aflatoxine determination B1, B2, 1 and G2 in corn and peanut byl iquid chromatography of high discharge following the analyzing method AOAC 994,08. Besides, it was defined a function for evaluating the dependence of the chromatographic discharge with the aflatoxine concentration. The analyzing method was validated, and four calibration curves were obtained for the aflatoxine B1, B2, G1 and G2, which turned to have a heterocedastico behavior. The applicability of this method was demonstrated, obtaining imagines of appropriate merit and comparable with those reported by the AOAC. Additionally, the applicability of the chromatographic method was demonstrated in fine layer for the presumptive analysis of aflatoxine, allowing both methods to propose an outline of reliable analysis of real samples. [Spanish] Se optimizaron las condiciones instrumentales y analiticas para la determinacion de aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1 y G2 en maiz y mani por Cromatografia liquida de alto desempeno siguiendo el metodo de analisis AOAC 994,08. Ademas, se definio una funcion para evaluar la dependencia del desempeno cromatografico con la concentracion de aflatoxinas.Se valido el metodo de analisis y se obtuvieron las cuatro curvas de calibracion para las aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1 y G2, las que resultaron tener un comportamiento heterocedastico. Se demostro la aplicabilidad del metodo, obteniendose figuras de merito adecuadas y comparables con las reportadas por el AOAC.Adicionalmente, se demostro la aplicabilidad del metodo de cromatografia en capa fina para el analisis presuntivo de aflatoxinas, permitiendo ambos metodos proponer un esquema de analisis confiable de muestras reales.

  20. Organisation of autonomic nervous structures in the small intestine of chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger, Molina).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nowak, E

    2014-08-01

    Using histochemical, histological and immunocytochemical methods, organisation of the autonomic nerve structures in small intestine of chinchilla was investigated. Myenteric plexus was localised between circular and longitudinal layers of the smooth muscles. Forming network nodes, the small autonomic, cholinergic ganglia were linked with the bundles of nerve fibres. Adrenergic structures were visible as specific varicose, rosary-like fibres forming bundles of parallel fibres connecting network nodes. Structures of the submucosal plexus formed a finer network than those of the myenteric plexus. Moreover, in 'whole-mount' specimens, fibres forming thick perivascular plexuses were also observed. Immunocytochemical studies confirmed the cholinergic and adrenergic character of the investigated structures. VAChT-positive neurones were found only in myenteric plexus, and numerous VAChT-positive and DBH-positive fibres were found in both plexuses. © 2013 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  1. DETECÇÃO E QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE AFLATOXINAS EM AMOSTRAS DE GRÃOS DE AMENDOIM E DERIVADOS COMERCIALIZADOS NA REGIÃO DE MARÍLIA – SP, 2002-2009

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosângela Aguilar da SILVA

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar retrospectivamente a ocorrência e a quantidade de aflatoxinas B1 , B2 , G1 e G2 em amostras de grãos de amendoim e derivados coletadas em estabelecimentos comerciais da região de Marília, Estado de São Paulo, no período 2002-2009. Entre as 75 amostras analisadas, 12 (16% continham ní- veis detectáveis de aflatoxinas (≥ 2 μg/Kg pelo método de cromatografia em camada delgada, sendo 4 amostras de amendoim e 8 amostras de paçoca. A aflatoxina do tipo B1 foi detectada em todas estas amostras isoladamente ou em combinação com os tipos B2 , G1 , e G2. Embora a frequência de detecção de aflatoxinas em amendoim e derivados no presente estudo tenha sido relativamente baixa, a continuidade e a otimização do controle de qualidade pela cadeia produtiva e das ações governamentais para avaliação da qualidade destes produtos são essenciais para evitar riscos à saúde do consumidor e prejuízos econômicos.

  2. EFICÁCIA DA SISALANINA NA PRESERVAÇÃO DO MILHO CONTRA FORMAÇÃO DE AFLATOXINAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    KEIDI UJIKAWA

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available A aplicação de sisalanina complexa na preservação do milho contra o desenvolvimento de Aspergillus flavus e a formação de aflatoxina B1, foi estudada. A sisalanina complexa (uma mistura de glicosídeos de Agave sisalana – sisal foi dissolvida na água e aplicada nos grãos de milho que foram incubados com o fungo citado. Após 30 dias de incubação a 30°C, 100% de umidade relativa do ar e concentrações de 0, 15, 150 e 1.500 ppm de sisalanina, os teores de aflatoxina B1 encontrados foram, respectivamente, 30, 12, 8 e 4 ppb.

  3. Association between aflatoxin and aflatoxigenic fungi in Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K. Associação de aflatoxinas e fungos aflatoxigênicos em castanha-do-Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ariane Mendonça Pacheco

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Brazil nut has a high nutritional content and is a very important trade commodity to some Latin American countries. In order to evaluate its safety, 120 samples from different stages of the productive chain were analyzed in terms of: moisture content (mc, aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxin (LOQ = 1.95 μg.kg-1 total aflatoxin using TLC. Among all samples, 4 (6.7% from the receiving area, and 5 (16.7%, from retail presented aflatoxins above the LOQ, but the amount of aflatoxins was below the LOQ after the samples were dried in the plant. The positive samples were above the limit of total aflatoxin permitted by the European Union (4.0 μg.kg-1 and Brazil (30 μg.kg-1. The mc mean was 22.43% in the receiving area, which is higher than that in the other stages samples. All the A. flavus strains were aflatoxigenic, and there was statistic association between the presence of aflatoxin and flavus strains. The aflatoxigenic fungi strains associated to the aflatoxins levels in the samples show that an effective control is necessary for the food safety in the Brazil nut production chain.A castanha-do-Brasil tem um alto teor nutricional e é um importante produto comercial para alguns países da América Latina. Com objetivo de avaliar a segurança, 120 amostras de diferentes etapas da cadeia produtiva, foram analisadas quanto a: teor de umidade, fungos aflatoxigênicos e aflatoxinas (LOQ = 1,95 μg.kg-1 aflatoxinas totais por CCD. Das amostras, 4 (6,7% da área de recepção, e 5 (16,7% do varejo apresentaram aflatoxinas acima do LOQ. Nas amostras após secagem na usina não foram detectadas aflatoxinas(< LOQ. As amostras positivas estavam acima dos limites aceitos pela União Européia (4,0 μg.kg-1 e Brasil (30 μg.kg-1. A média do teor de umidade foi de 22,43% na etapa de recepção, maior do que as outras etapas estudadas. Todas as cepas de A. flavus eram aflatoxigênicas e houve associação estatística entre a presença de aflatoxinas e a presen

  4. Factors affecting sound energy absorbance in acute otitis media model of chinchilla.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guan, Xiying; Seale, Thomas W; Gan, Rong Z

    2017-07-01

    Acute otitis media (AOM) is a rapid-onset infection of the middle ear which results in middle ear pressure (MEP), middle ear effusion (MEE), and structural changes in middle ear tissues. Previous studies from our laboratory have identified that MEP, MEE, and middle ear structural changes are three factors affecting tympanic membrane (TM) mobility and hearing levels (Guan et al., 2014, 2013). Sound energy reflectance or absorbance (EA) is a diagnostic tool increasingly used in clinical settings for the identification of middle ear diseases. However, it is unclear whether EA can differentiate these three factors in an AOM ear. Here we report wideband EA measurements in the AOM model of chinchilla at three experimental stages: unopened, pressure released, and effusion removed. These correspond to the combined and individual effects of the three factors on sound energy transmission. AOM was produced by transbullar injection of Haemophilus influenzae in two treatment groups: 4 days (4D) and 8 days (8D) post inoculation. These time points represent the relatively early and later phase of AOM. In each group of chinchillas, EA at 250-8000 Hz was measured using a wideband tympanometer at three experimental stages. Results show that the effects of MEP, MEE, and tissue structural changes over the frequency range varied with the disease time course. MEP was the primary contributor to reduction of EA in 4D AOM ears and had a smaller effect in 8D ears. MEE reduced the EA at 6-8 kHz in 4D ears and 2-8 kHz in 8D ears and was responsible for the EA peak in both 4D and 8D ears. The residual EA loss due to structural changes was observed over the frequency range in 8D ears and only at high frequencies in 4D ears. The EA measurements were also compared with the published TM mobility loss in chinchilla AOM ears. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. An outbreak of canine aflatoxicosis in Gauteng Province, South Africa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luke F. Arnot

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Sporadic outbreaks of aflatoxicosis occur in dogs when they consume contaminated dog food. During 2011, low-cost brands of pelleted dog food were contaminated with very high concentrations of aflatoxins. Approximately 100 dogs were presented to the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital. Clinically, the dogs were depressed to collapsed and icteric, with haematemesis, melaena and haematochezia. The most common pathological findings were icterus, gastro-enterorrhagia and hepatosis. On histopathological examination, fatty hepatosis and bile duct proliferation were observed. A consistent, very characteristic finding was the presence of a blue-grey granular material within the bile ducts. A total of 124 samples of the dog food fed to the affected dogs was analysed to determine aflatoxin concentrations. Concentrations ranged from below the limit of quantification (< 5 μg/kg to 4946 μg/kg and six samples were submitted to determine the ratio of aflatoxins in the feed. It is estimated that well over 220 dogs died in the Gauteng Province of South Africa as a result of this aflatoxin outbreak.

  6. Comparative Study of the Liver Anatomy in the Rat, Rabbit, Guinea Pig and Chinchilla

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Florin Gheorghe STAN

    2018-05-01

    Based on detailed study of the macroscopic anatomy of rat, rabbit, guinea pig and chinchilla a proper experimental model in liver research, could be assessed. In this regard, the vascular anatomy of the liver in the mentioned species is of a great importance and it is subject of another report.

  7. Effects on auditory-nerve fibers of opening the otic capsule at the apex of the chinchilla cochlea

    Science.gov (United States)

    Recio-Spinoso, Alberto; Temchin, Andrei N.; Ruggero, Mario A.

    2015-12-01

    Vibration responses to clicks measured at the apex of chinchilla cochleae with open otic capsules have onsets much shorter than those of responses of auditory-nerve fibers (ANFs) corrected for synaptic and neural delays. Apical vibration responses to tones in open cochleae also differ in other respects from the responses to tones of ANFs with low characteristic frequency (CF) in normal chinchilla cochleae. To further specify the origin(s) of these differences, we recorded from chinchilla ANFs after delicately opening a small hole in the otic capsule overlying scala vestibuli in the cochlear apex. In those cochleae, the earliest ANF responses to clicks are often evoked by condensation (rather than rarefaction) clicks and responses to tones often exhibit level-dependent phase changes different from those in normal cochleae. These findings are largely consistent with, and seem to account for, apical vibration responses of cochleae with open otic capsules. An unexpected finding is that the tuning curves of ANFs with moderately high CF and normal CF thresholds often had hypersensitive tails.

  8. Autoevaluación: Fisiopatología del metabolismo

    OpenAIRE

    Hidalgo Blanco, Miguel Ángel; Andreu Periz, Lola

    2011-01-01

    La respiración, la circulación sanguínea, la contracción de un músculo o el mero pensamiento son fenómenos que obligan a que nuestro organismo esté en constante cambio, produciendo y consumiendo energía. La palabra metabolismo deriva del griego metabolé y significa"cambio". Entendemos como metabolismo a todo el conjunto de reacciones bioquímicas y procesos físicos que ocurren en la célula y en el organismo. Todos estos procesos metabólicos tienen lugar en dos fases. Una fase, llamada anabolis...

  9. Avalliação da eficacia de colutorios antiplaca, com e sem a adição de cloreto de zinco, sobre o metabolismo da placa dentaria "in vitro"

    OpenAIRE

    Luis Antonio de Filippi Chaim

    1992-01-01

    Resumo: A eficácia de colutórios antiplaca, çem como de seus princípios ativos, foi determinada utilizando-se a inibição do metabolismo da placa dentária IN VITRO, como parâmetrode avaliaçãoo. A fermentação foi realizada incubando-se a suspensão de placa recente (lOmg/ml de tampão fosfato pH 6,8) em meio contendo glicose, com ou sem a adição de colutório, durante 2 horas, à 372C, com e sem a adição de Cloreto de Zinco o Os ácidos de fermentação foram tituladoscom NaOH O,OlNo A síntese de poli...

  10. Evolución del metabolismo: desde las porfirinas hacia la fotosíntesis

    OpenAIRE

    Pérez-Urria Carril, Elena

    2009-01-01

    Las rutas metabólicas son series de reacciones bioquímicas sucesivas catalizadas por enzimas que en su conjunto constituyen un proceso de extraordinaria complejidad que llamamos metabolismo celular. Como cualquier otro fenómeno biológico, el metabolismo es resultado de la evolución y así como la historia de las especies y sus relaciones de parentesco se deducen de los estudios comparativos, la historia del metabolismo puede reconstruirse a través del análisis comparativo de sus el...

  11. Chinchilla laniger can be used as an experimental model for Taenia solium taeniasis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maravilla, Pablo; Garza-Rodriguez, Adriana; Gomez-Diaz, Benjamin; Jimenez-Gonzalez, Diego Emiliano; Toral-Bastida, Elizabeth; Martinez-Ocaña, Joel; West, Brett; Molina, Nadia; Garcia-Cortes, Ramon; Kawa-Karasik, Simon; Romero-Valdovinos, Mirza; Avila-Ramirez, Guillermina; Flisser, Ana

    2011-12-01

    Chinchilla laniger has been reported as an experimental definitive host for Taenia solium; however no information about its suitability and yield of gravid tapeworm proglottids containing viable and infective eggs has been published. In total 55 outbred female chinchillas were infected with 4 cysticerci each; hosts were immunodeppressed with 6 or 8 mg of methyl-prednisolone acetate every 14 days starting the day of infection and their discomfort was followed. Kinetics of coproantigen ELISA or expelled proglottids was used to define the infection status. Efficiency of tapeworm establishment was 21% and of parasite gravidity was 8%; chinchillas showed some degree of suffering along the infection. Viability of eggs obtained from gravid proglottids was tested comparing methods previously published, our results showed 62% viability with propidium iodide, 54% with trypan blue, 34% with neutral red, 30% by oncosphere activation and 7% with bromide 3-(4,5-dimetil-tiazol-2-il)-2,5-difenil-tetrazolio (MTT) reduction; no statistical differences were obtained between most techniques, except activation. Four piglets were infected with 50,000 eggs each, necropsy was performed 3 months later and, after counting the number of cysticerci recovered, the percentage of infection was similar to data obtained with T. solium eggs recovered from humans. Our results demonstrate that the experimental model of T. solium taeniasis in C. laniger is a good alternative for providing eggs and adult tapeworms to be used in different types of experiments; optimization of the model probably depends on the use of inbred hosts and on the reduction of infected animals' suffering. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. Ritmos circadianos en el metabolismo del calcio en aves de postura.

    OpenAIRE

    Correa Cardona Héctor Jairo

    1999-01-01

    Se revisó literatura relacionada con las variaciones circadianas en el metabolismo del calcio en aves de postura y se concluye que la información analizada y discutida suministra evidencia suficiente que demuestra la existencia de ritmos circadianos en diferentes procesos relacionados con el metabolismo y la alimentación del calcio en las aves de postura. Esto demuestra la necesidad de ajustar el momento y la cantidad de calcio a suministrar...

  13. Analysis of an impulse response measured at the basilar membrane of the chinchilla (L)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Wit, Hero P.; Bell, Andrew

    In a recent paper [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133, 2224-2239 (2013)], Shera and Cooper report on the impulse response of the basilar membrane (BM) of a chinchilla, a waveform which shows repetitive bursts. They explain the bursts in terms of repeated coherent reflection at BM discontinuities and partial

  14. Use of the Chinchilla model to evaluate the vaccinogenic potential of the Moraxella catarrhalis filamentous hemagglutinin-like proteins MhaB1 and MhaB2.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Teresa L Shaffer

    Full Text Available Moraxella catarrhalis causes significant health problems, including 15-20% of otitis media cases in children and ~10% of respiratory infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The lack of an efficacious vaccine, the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates, and high carriage rates reported in children are cause for concern. In addition, the effectiveness of conjugate vaccines at reducing the incidence of otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae suggest that M. catarrhalis infections may become even more prevalent. Hence, M. catarrhalis is an important and emerging cause of infectious disease for which the development of a vaccine is highly desirable. Studying the pathogenesis of M. catarrhalis and the testing of vaccine candidates have both been hindered by the lack of an animal model that mimics human colonization and infection. To address this, we intranasally infected chinchilla with M. catarrhalis to investigate colonization and examine the efficacy of a protein-based vaccine. The data reveal that infected chinchillas produce antibodies against antigens known to be major targets of the immune response in humans, thus establishing immune parallels between chinchillas and humans during M. catarrhalis infection. Our data also demonstrate that a mutant lacking expression of the adherence proteins MhaB1 and MhaB2 is impaired in its ability to colonize the chinchilla nasopharynx, and that immunization with a polypeptide shared by MhaB1 and MhaB2 elicits antibodies interfering with colonization. These findings underscore the importance of adherence proteins in colonization and emphasize the relevance of the chinchilla model to study M. catarrhalis-host interactions.

  15. Metabolismo muscular en el ejercicio

    OpenAIRE

    Martín Martín, Laura

    2017-01-01

    Fundamentos: Cada vez son más las personas que realizan algún tipo de actividad física, pero pocas son las que poseen un verdadero conocimiento de los procesos que se desencadenan a nivel muscular y la influencia de la alimentación en la misma. El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer información de manera general sobre el metabolismo muscular. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica de artículos y documentos consultando bases de datos y libros. La mayor parte del análisis ha sido ext...

  16. Incidência de fumonisina B1, aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1 e G2, ocratoxina A e zearalenona em produtos de milho Occurrence of fumonisin B1, aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in corn products

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciane Mie Kawashima

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Levantamentos de ocorrência de micotoxinas em alimentos foram realizados nas últimas duas décadas nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. Levantamentos em alimentos comercializados em outras regiões têm-se limitado a aflatoxinas em amendoim e castanhas do Brasil. O presente trabalho pesquisou a presença de fumonisina B1, aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1 e G2, ocratoxina A e zearalenona em 74 amostras de produtos a base de milho adquiridas no comércio da cidade de Recife, PE, durante o período de 1999 a 2001. Fumonisina B1 foi determinada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção por fluorescência e as demais toxinas foram determinadas por cromatografia em camada delgada. Fumonisina B1 foi encontrada em 94,6% das amostras em concentrações variando de 20 a 8600 µg/kg. Apenas 5 amostras continham aflatoxina B1 e o teor máximo encontrado foi 20 µg/kg. Duas amostras ultrapassaram o limite de 20 µg/kg para a somatória das aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1 e G2 (farinha de milho pré-cozida com 21,5 µg/kg e quirera (xerém com 23,3 µg/kg. As aflatoxinas G1 e G2, ocratoxina A e zearalenona não foram detectadas em nenhuma das amostras. Todas as amostras contaminadas com aflatoxinas também apresentaram fumonisina B1.Research concerning the presence of mycotoxin in food has been conducted in the Southwest and South regions of Brazil over the last two decades. Research in other regions has been limited to aflatoxin in peanuts and Brazil nuts. The aim of this work is to study the presence of fumonisin B1, aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in 74 samples of corn products acquired in shops and food markets in the city of Recife (PE from 1999 to 2001. Fumonisin B1 was determined by high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence was detected. The other toxins were determined by thin layer chromatography. Fumonisin B1 was found in 94.6% of the samples in levels from 20 to 8600 µg/kg. Only 5 samples contained

  17. In Vitro Metabolism of H{sup 3} Thymidine; Metabolisme In Vitro de la Thymidine Tritiee; 041c 0435 0414 ''In Vitro''; Metabolismo In Vitro de la Timidina Tritiada

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rubini, J. R.; Keller, S.; Eisentraut, A. [Veterans Administration Hospital and Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX (United States); Cronkite, E. P. [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Long Island, NY (United States)

    1962-02-15

    petites quantites de thymidine tritiee; il n'y a pas de formation d'eau tritiee. Les auteurs formulent des hypotheses concernant les mecanismes qui entrent en jeu. (author) [Spanish] Los autores han estudiado el metabolismo y comportamiento in vitro de la timidina tritiada ({sup 3}HTDR; 1,9 curies/mM), que es un precursor del acido desoxirribonucleico, en sangre de enfermos de leucemia y en medula normal de perro. Para evaluar la cantidad de acido desoxirribonucleico recientemente sintetizado determinaron los indices de marcacion y contaron los granulos de autorradiogramas de celulas, tomadas una hora despues de la marcacion. La marcacion de las celulas pudo atenuarse facilmente anadiendo al principio a la timidina tritiada pequenas cantidades de timidina sin marcar, con lo que se demuestra que el espacio de timidina es muy reducido. Si al cabo de 20 minutos se anade timidina a la mezcla en incubacion, la marcacion no se atenua. Este periodo de 20 minutos define el periodo de incorporacion de la timidina tritiada. Al cabo de una hora, la actividad del {sup 3}H contenido en el liquido sobrenadante era aun considerable, pero no suficiente para marcar nuevas celulas anadidas. Este liquido sobrenadante 'gastado' contiene {sup 3}HTDR como principal compuesto tritiado y solo pequenas cantidades de timina-{sup 3}H ; no se formo agua tritiada. Los autores formulan hipotesis acerca de los mecanismos que intervienen en estos fenomenos. (author) [Russian] Izuchalsja metabolizm in vitro i sud'ba pervichnoj chasticy DNK N( timidina, N{sup 3} TshJa (1.9 C{mu}/M) v lejkemichnoj krovi cheloveka i mozgah normal'noj sobaki. Predvaritel'nyj podschet novogo sinteza DNK proizvodilsja mechashhimi indeksami i otschetom zeren avtoradiogramm kletok poluchennyh iz smesej v techenie odnogo chasa. Mechenie kletok mozhet byt' bystro ponizheno dobavleniem minutnyh kolichestv nemechenogo TDR pervonachal'no k H{sup 3} TDR, demonstriruja neznachitel'nost' pula TDR. Kogda TDR, 20 minut spustja byl

  18. Errores innatos del metabolismo de las purinas y otras enfermedades relacionadas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jiovanna Contreras Roura

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Los errores innatos en el metabolismo de las purinas son trastornos hereditarios complejos de gran impacto clínico, que presentan síntomas variables de acuerdo con el tipo de enfermedad. Pueden presentarse problemas renales de origen desconocido, retardo mental con manifestaciones neurológicas, retardo del crecimiento, infecciones recurrentes, automutilación, inmunodeficiencias, anemia hemolítica inexplicable, artritis gotosa, historia familiar, consanguinidad y reacciones adversas a fármacos que son análogos de las purinas. Las investigaciones de estas enfermedades comienzan generalmente con la cuantificación del ácido úrico en suero y en orina, por ser el producto final del metabolismo de las purinas en humanos. La dieta y el consumo de medicamentos, entre otras condiciones patológicas, fisiológicas y clínicas, también pueden modificar los niveles de este compuesto. Esta revisión pretende divulgar información de los errores innatos en el metabolismo de las purinas, y facilitar la interpretación de los niveles del ácido úrico y otros marcadores bioquímicos útiles en el diagnóstico de estas enfermedades. Se incluyen tablas que relacionan estas enfermedades con los niveles de excreción de ácido úrico y otros marcadores bioquímicos, las enzimas alteradas, los síntomas clínicos, el modo de herencia y, en algunos casos, el tratamiento propuesto. Este trabajo nos permite afirmar que las variaciones en los niveles del ácido úrico y la presencia de otros marcadores bioquímicos en orina, constituyen una herramienta importante en la pesquisa de algunos errores innatos en el metabolismo de las purinas, así como de otras condiciones patológicas relacionadas.

  19. Estudo sobre a ocorrência de fungos e aflatoxina B1 na dieta de bovinos leiteiros em São Paulo

    OpenAIRE

    Motta,Thiago P.; Frizzarin,Adriana; Martins,Thamires; Miranda,Mariana S.; Arcaro,Juliana R.P.; Ambrósio,Luiz A.; Pozzi,Claudia R.

    2015-01-01

    A qualidade da dieta ofertada às vacas em lactação é uma preocupação dos agentes de saúde devido à possibilidade da detecção de micotoxinas prejudiciais a saúde humana e animal. Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar o perfil da micobiota, determinar a atividade de água (Aa) e a ocorrência natural de aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) em dietas ofertadas a vacas em lactação de fazendas leiteiras no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. ...

  20. Análise de trilha da contaminação por aflatoxinas em grãos de milho armazenados

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Sbardelotto Di Domenico

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a magnitude dos efeitos diretos e indiretos de parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos sobre a ocorrência de aflatoxinas em grãos de milho armazenados, por meio da análise de trilha. Os dados foram coletados em dois experimentos: um cultivo de inverno (colheita do milho em julho de 2012 e um cultivo de verão (colheita em fevereiro de 2013. Os grãos foram armazenados por 12 meses, em dois tipos de acondicionamentos: em sacarias convencionais de polipropileno e a granel em silo metálico. Avaliaram-se 14 características dos grãos. Calculou-se a matriz de correlações de Pearson entre todos os parâmetros, realizou-se o diagnóstico de multicolinearidade e, posteriormente, aplicou-se a análise de trilha com regressão em crista. Observou-se forte influência das condições ambientais entre as safras de inverno e de verão, e entre época e tipo de armazenagem, nos coeficientes de análise de trilha. As variáveis teor de umidade, conteúdo de cinzas, proteínas, lipídios, grãos sem defeitos, massa volumétrica, incidência de Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. e Fusarium sp. devem ser consideradas conjuntamente na definição da possibilidade de ocorrência de aflatoxinas na massa de grãos armazenados.

  1. Enzimas de função hepática na aflatoxicose aguda experimental em frangos de corte Hepatic enzimes function in experimental acute enzimes aflatoxicosis in broilers

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    Adriana Borsa

    1998-12-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar a função hepática de aves experimentalmente intoxicadas por aflatoxina, com e sem uso de bentonita sódica, foram utilizados 40 (quarenta frangos de corte, machos, linhagem Ross, divididos em 4 (quatro grupos de 10 (dez. animais, sendo que cada grupo foi submetido a um tratamento: T1 - controle (ração sem aflatoxina ou bentonita, T2 - ração com 5ppm de aflatoxina, T3 - ração com 5ppm de aflatoxina e 0,5% de bentonita sódica e T4 - ração com 0,5% de bentonita sódica. Todos estes tratamentos foram aplicados do 1° ao 42 ° dia de vida das aves. Aos 21, 35 e 42 dias de idade, foram analisados os níveis séricos das enzimas aspartato aminotransferase (AST, alanina aminotransferase (ALT, lactato desidrogenase (LDH e gama glutamiltransferase (GGT, A análise da variância mostrou que houve interação entre os tratamentos e datas de colheita de material, para as seguintes variáveis: AST, LDH e GGT. Para estas, foi aplicado o teste de Tukey, comparando-se as médias de cada tratamento em cada data. Observou-se que as enzimas AST, ALT e GGT não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre tratamentos, porém, nos tratamentos l e 2, a AST apresentou um aumento linear (pThe aim ofthis study is to evaluate ïhe hepatic function of experimentally intoxicated broilers by aflatoxin with and without sodium bentonite. Forty Ross mole broilers, were used divided into 4 groups of 10 birds, and such groups have been submitted to the following treatments: T1- control (feed without aflatoxin or sodium bentonite, T2- feed containing 5ppm of aflatoxin, T3- feed containing 5ppm of aflatoxin and 0.5% of sodium bentonite and T4- feed containing 0.5% of sodium bentonite. Ali these treatments have been appiied from the l st to the 42nd day of lif e. On the days 21, 35 and 42, the serum leveis of the enzimes aspartate aminotransferase (AST, alanino aminotransferase (ALT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH and gamma glutamiltransferase (GGT

  2. Brazil nuts: determination of natural elements and aflatoxin Castanha do Brasil: determinação de elementos naturais e aflatoxinas

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    Maristela Martins

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available A study was carried out to evaluate the association of levels of radioactivity, selenium and aflatoxin in shelled Brazil nuts, which were classified in different sizes, for export. The selenium determinations were performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (LOQ = 3.0 µg g-1, and aflatoxins were detected by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LOQ = 0.85 µg kg-1, recovery rates were between 92 and 100%. Radioactivity was measured by high-resolution gamma spectrometry. The selenium mean concentration was (22.7 ± 7.4 µg g-1. (n = 30. Mean activities determined for the following radium isotopes were: 15.77 Bq kg-1 for 224Ra, 104.8 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra and 99.48 Bq kg-1 for 228Ra. For 226Ra, the levels did not vary significantly with nut sizes, although such differences were observed for 224Ra and 228Ra. There was no statistically significant association between the level of selenium and the activity of radionuclides, however, there was correlation between the radionuclides. Aflatoxins above the quantification limit were not found.Um estudo foi realizado para avaliar a associação dos níveis de radioatividade, selênio e aflatoxinas em castanha-do-Brasil descascada, que foram classificadas em diferentes tamanhos, para exportação. As determinações de selênio foram realizadas por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (LOQ=3,0 µg kg-1 e aflatoxinas foram detectadas por LC-MSMS (LOQ=0,85 µg kg-1, as taxas de recuperação ficaram entre 92 e 100%. A radioatividade foi medida por espectrometria gama de alta resolução. A concentração média de selênio foi de (22,7 ± 7,4 µg g-1. (n = 30. A atividade média determinada para os radioisótopos foram: 15,77 Bq kg-1 para o 224Ra, 104,8 Bq kg-1 para 226Ra e 99,48 Bq kg-1 para 228Ra. Para 226Ra, os níveis não variaram significativamente com o tamanho das nozes, embora tais diferenças foram observadas para 224Ra e 228Ra. Não houve

  3. Radiological evaluation of chinchilla mastication organs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sulik, M.; Sobolewska, E.; Ey-Chmielewska, H.; Fraczak, B.; Seremak, B.

    2007-01-01

    The studies were undertaken in order to analyse radiologically bone structures of the maxilla and mandibula including the teeth in chinchillas that show pathological overgrowth of incisor and molar teeth. The analysis included 10 sick and 10 healthy animals, whose skulls were post-mortem dissected and compared. The x - ray pictures were examined for significant elements of the bone structure; shape and saturation of incisor and molar teeth, shape, saturation, and thickness of cranial sutures, as well as the evenness of the intensity of the symptoms. The structure of the incisor teeth revealed excessive tissue mineralisation. The tooth canal was invisible, which may indicate fibrosis of the pulp. The cutting edges exhibited excessive mineralisation, which implied a lack of abrasion. The pulp growth cone was invisible. The shape of the upper incisor was altered and semicircular, this prevented contact between the edges of the opposing teeth. The surface structure of the molars was considerably saturated with invisible dental pulp, which may imply fibrosis. The roots of the teeth were distended and flask-like inb shape, and considerably saturated. The visible excessive mineralisation in all the molar teeth implied a general process of osteosclerosis. (author)

  4. Estudo sobre a ocorrência de fungos e aflatoxina B1 na dieta de bovinos leiteiros em São Paulo

    OpenAIRE

    Motta, Thiago P.; Frizzarin, Adriana; Martins, Thamires; Miranda, Mariana S.; Arcaro, Juliana R.P.; Ambrósio, Luiz A.; Pozzi, Claudia R.

    2015-01-01

    A qualidade da dieta ofertada às vacas em lactação é uma preocupação dos agentes de saúde devido à possibilidade da detecção de micotoxinas prejudiciais a saúde humana e animal. Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar o perfil da micobiota, determinar a atividade de água (Aa) e a ocorrência natural de aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) em dietas ofertadas a vacas em lactação de fazendas leiteiras no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As amostragens das dietas foram realizadas diretamente dos cochos de lote de 15 ...

  5. Metabolismo socio-natural y conflictos ambientales en Costa Rica y El Salvador 1992-2007

    OpenAIRE

    Cartagena Cruz, Rafael Ernesto

    2009-01-01

    La investigación, realizada en Costa Rica y El Salvador, se interroga por la relación entre dinámicas ambientales y conflictividad social. Las dinámicas ambientales han sido analizadas mediante el concepto de metabolismo socio-natural, es decir, como resultado del nexo físico de una sociedad y su entorno. Tres elementos que definen el metabolismo socio-natural en una sociedad dada son las formas de ocupación del espacio, las actividades económicas desarrolladas y los desechos y emisiones que ...

  6. COMPARATIVE RESEARCHE REGARDING METABOLIC PROFILE OF THE CALIFORNIAN, NEW ZEALAND WHITE, GRAND CHINCHILLA MEAT RABIT BREEDS AND THE F1 NZCH HYBRIDS

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    DANIELA-MARCELA TOBĂ (GOINA

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Precious biological characteristics of rabbits make their breeding a very profitable occupation. The rabbit meat, organoleptically same to the white meat, is rich in proteins, but low in fats. Biological researched done in direction to elucidate the biochemical systems that are the basis for organism physiological processes, have revealed that the level in which this process are develop directly influence the rabbits productivity capacity. 60 rabbit’s heads was used as biological material, distributed in: 15 Californian, 15 New Zeeland White, 15 Grand Chinchilla and 15 F1NZCH hybrids obtained from cross-breeding the New Zeeland White as maternal form and Grand Chinchilla as paternal form. Blood was sampled from the rabbit and was biochemical analyzed. The studied indices were: total protein, albumin, urea, uric acid, creatinine, total bilirubine, cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose. The experimental lot formed from F1 NZCH hybrids registered a concentration of 2.1 mg/dl uric acid, and in the other three lots the concentration was under 2 mg/dl. In all four lots, uric acid value was in normal limits. The determined creatinine registered very low values, under 1 mg/dl, at the low limit of reference values. At hybrids from New Zeeland White as maternal form and Grand Chinchilla as paternal form, in equal environmental conditions, the serum biochemical analysis haven’t registered significant differences compared to pure breeds individuals.

  7. Aflatoxinas: conceitos sobre mecanismos de toxicidade e seu envolvimento na etiologia do câncer hepático celular Aflatoxins in foodstuffs: current concepts on mechanisms of toxicity and its involvement in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma

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    Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira

    1997-08-01

    Full Text Available Foram revistos os conceitos de maior relevância sobre mecanismos de toxicidade e evidências do envolvimento das aflatoxinas na etiologia do câncer hepático humano. A aflatoxina B1 (AFB1, principal metabólito produzido por fungos do gênero Aspergillus, manifesta seus efeitos tóxicos após conversão hepática em AFB1-epóxido, o qual reage com macromoléculas celulares, incluindo proteínas, RNA (ácido ribonucléico e DNA (ácido desoxirribonucléico. A reação com o DNA ocorre através da ligação com guaninas, ao nível do códon 249, do gene supressor de tumores p53. Em seres humanos, estudos de biomonitoramento individual de derivados AFB1-N7-guanina tem demonstrado que as aflatoxinas constituem importantes fatores de risco, com uma provável interação sinergística com o vírus da hepatite B, para o desenvolvimento do carcinoma hepatocelular em populações expostas. Considerando-se a ocorrência freqüente das aflatoxinas em produtos alimentícios, no Brasil, ressalta-se a necessidade de estudos que avaliem criteriosamente o impacto dos níveis de exposição a estas toxinas sobre a saúde humana.Current concepts derived from intensive research over the last decade, on biotransformation, mechanisms of toxicity and evidences for the involvement of aflatoxins in the etiolgy of human liver cancer are summarily presented. Aflatoxin B1(AFB1, the main metabolite produced by moulds of genus Aspergillus, exerts its effects after conversion to the reactive compound AFB1-epoxide, by the action of cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes. This epoxide can form derivatives with cellular macromolecules, including proteins, RNA and DNA. The reaction with DNA occurs with guanines in the códon 249 of tumor suppressor gene p53. Primary biotransformation of AFB1 also produces hydroxylated and less toxic derivatives, such as aflatoxins Q1 and P1. Differences intra and interspecies in the pathways of activation/detoxification are directly related to the

  8. Efeitos da adição de montmorilonita sódica na dieta sobre o perfil bioquímico de frangos de corte intoxicados com aflatoxina The effects of the addition of sodic montmorilonite on the feeding diet on the biochemical profile of broiler chicken intoxicated by aflatoxin

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    Patricia Neves Batina

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os valores bioquímicos e atividade enzimática hepática e renal em frangos de corte submetidos à intoxicação experimental com aflatoxina B1 com e sem a adição de montmorilonita sódica na dieta. Foram utilizados 528 frangos de corte, da linhagem Cobb, subtimetidos a seis tratamentos entre 1° ao 42° dia de vida: (T1 Controle: dieta normal; (T2 dieta com 5 ppm de aflatoxina; (T3 dieta com 0,25% montmorilonita sódica; (T4 dieta com 5ppm de aflatoxina + 0,25% montmorilonita sódica; (T5 dieta com 0,5% montmorilonita sódica; (T6 dieta com 5ppm de aflatoxina + 0,5% montmorilonita sódica. O tratamento (T2 com aflatoxina demonstrou significante (PThe aim of this research was to evaluate the hepatic biochemical profile and the renal enzymatic activity of broiler chicken experimentally intoxicated with aflatoxin and supplemented with sodic montmorilonite on the diet. 528 Cobb’s broiler chickens were used divided in 6 treatments (from 1st to the 42th day of life as described: (T1 control: normal diet; (T2 diet with 5ppm of aflatoxin; (T3 diet with 0.25% sodic montmorilonite; (T4 diet with 5 ppm of aflatoxin + 0.25% sodic montmorilonite; (T5 diet with 0.5% sodic montmorilonite; (T6 diet with 5 ppm of aflatoxin + 0.5% sodic montmorilonite. The treatment T2 showed significantly decreased levels of uric acid, albumin, cholesterol, creatinine, triglycerides, globulins and total serum proteins and an increase of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT activity. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST did not showed important differences among treatments. In treatments T3 and T5, there were no variations on the biochemical values, when compared to treatment T1. Addition of 0.5% of montmorilonite in the diet (T6, presented better results on the increase of the adsorption of aflatoxin when compared to 0.25% sodic montmorilonite (T4. Clearly, the results showed that high levels of aflatoxin in the diet (5ppm causes important

  9. Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

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    Melissa S. Monson

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available This review is a comprehensive introduction to the effects of poultry exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1. The relationship between AFB1 sensitivity and metabolism, major direct and indirect effects of AFB1, recent studies of gene expression and transcriptome responses to exposure, and mitigation strategies to reduce toxicity are discussed. Exposure to AFB1 primarily occurs by consumption of contaminated corn, grain or other feed components. Low levels of residual AFB1 in poultry feeds can cause reduction in growth, feed conversion, egg production, and compromised immune functions, resulting in significant economic costs to producers. Thus, AFB1 acts as a “force multiplier” synergizing the adverse effects of microbial pathogens and other agents, and factors detrimental to poultry health. Domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo are one of the most sensitive animals known to AFB1 due, in large part, to a combination of efficient hepatic bioactivation by cytochromes P450 1A5 and 3A37, and deficient hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GST-mediated detoxification. Because of their sensitivity, turkeys are a good model to investigate chemopreventive treatments and feed additives for their ability to reduce AFB1 toxicity. Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq of turkey poults (liver and spleen has identified AFB1-induced gene expression changes in pathways of apoptosis, carcinogenesis, lipid regulation, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and antigen presentation. Current research focuses on further identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying AFB1 toxicity with the goal of reducing aflatoxicosis and improving poultry health.

  10. Mycoflora and Natural Incidence of Selected Mycotoxins in Rabbit and Chinchilla Feeds

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    Mariana Vanesa Greco

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that cause a toxic response when ingested by animals or man. Demand of natural fur, such as those from rabbit and chinchilla, produced under controlled conditions, has increased worldwide. The toxicogenic mycoflora contaminating feeds for these animals was enumerated and identified. Six of the major mycotoxins implicated in animal mycotoxicosis were detected and quantified. Moulds count ranged from <10 to 4.7×105 CFU g-1; 14% of the samples exceeded the limit that determines hygienic feed quality. More than twenty species belonging to the five most important mycotoxigenic mould genera were recovered. Among the analyzed mycotoxins, aflatoxins were recovered in 100% of the examined samples, deoxynivalenol in 95%, fumonisins in 100%, ochratoxin A in 98%, T2 toxin in 98%, and zearalenone in 100%. Cooccurrence of mycotoxins was observed in 100% of the samples analyzed. Exposure to multiple mycotoxins was thus demonstrated for these animals.

  11. Correlação entre tontura e disfunções do metabolismo da glicose Correlation between dizziness and impaired glucose metabolism

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    Adriano Santana Fonseca

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: as alterações do metabolismo da glicose são caracterizadas por estados de hipoglicemia e hiperglicemia. OBJETIVO: A proposta deste trabalho é verificar a associação entre as alterações do metabolismo da glicose, por glicemia de jejum e teste de tolerância à glicose e à tontura, avaliada por sua queixa e exames clínicos e subsidiários. MÉTODO: O estudo foi efetivado num grupo de 33 pacientes divididos em 3 subgrupos: pacientes com queixa de tontura, pacientes diabéticos e pacientes assintomáticos. RESULTADOS: O grupo de pacientes com queixa espontânea ou questionada de tontura apresentava alterações no metabolismo da glicose em 65% dos casos. Já entre os pacientes dos 3 grupos sem queixa de tontura, 30% apresentavam alterações do metabolismo da glicose. 40% dos pacientes que apresentaram queixas de tonturas tinham o exame vestibular clínico e a vectoeletronistagmografia alterados, enquanto que entre os assintomáticos 7,5% apresentaram as alterações vestibulares referidas. CONCLUSÃO: A tontura é um bom indicador de alteração do metabolismo da glicose e a alteração do metabolismo da glicose é um bom indicador de alteração do exame vestibular. O estudo do metabolismo da glicose a partir dos níveis glicêmicos é eficaz e tem resultados próximos dos observados nos estudos que mensuram os níveis insulinêmicos.INTRODUCTION: Impaired glucose metabolism is characterized by conditions of hypo and hyperglycemia. AIM: The objective of the present study was to asses whether or not there is a relationship between impaired glucose metabolism and dizziness. In the clinical laboratory settings, patients were examined using vectoelectronystagmography in association with glycemic levels. METHODS: 33 patients were divided in 3 groups: diabetics; patients with dizziness and a control group. RESULTS: 65% of the patients with dizziness showed impaired glucose metabolism. 40% of the patients with dizziness had

  12. Metabolismo posprandial en adultos mayores normales de nivel del mar

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    Fausto Garmendia

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar las modificaciones normales del metabolismo después de la ingestión de alimentos. Material y Métodos: Se ha estudiado a 33 personas de ambos géneros, adultos mayores, de nivel del mar, tanto en ayunas como después de la ingesta de una mezcla alimenticia consistente en 730 kcal, con 55,4% de grasas, 37,2% de hidratos de carbono y 7,4% de proteínas. Se ha medido el perfil metabólico en ayunas y luego de la ingesta alimentaria, la glucosa, triglicérido (Tg, ácidos grasos no esterificados (AGNE, insulina por métodos convencionales hasta la 6a hora; se ha calculado las concentraciones de colesterol LDL y VLDL utilizando la fórmula de Friedewald; el colesterol no-HDL, mediante la sustracción del valor del colesterol HDL al valor de colesterol total (CT. Resultados: La glicemia se elevó discretamente, regresando a valores basales a la 2a hora; la insulinemia se incrementó durante 4 horas; los triglicéridos comenzaron a elevarse en sangre a partir de la 2a hora y llegaron al máximo a la 4a hora, para luego iniciar el descenso no completo en la 6a hora. Los AGNE disminuyeron a partir de los 30 minutos, llegando al máximo de caída a las 2 horas; luego se apreció un rebote máximo a la 6a hora, inclusive mayor al valor basal. Conclusiones: Estos resultados demuestran que no es suficiente obtener información del metabolismo intermediario en ayunas, sino que el estudio posprandial permite mayor información. Es la primera vez en nuestro país que se obtiene información sobre el metabolismo intermediario en fase posprandial en una muestra de la población normal que se encuentra en una edad de mayor riesgo cardiovascular.

  13. Vitamina K: metabolismo e nutrição Vitamin K: metabolism and nutrition

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    Sílvia Maria Custódio das DÔRES

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo desta revisão foi discutir aspectos que envolvem a compreensão do metabolismo da vitamina K e os recentes avanços quanto ao papel da vitamina na nutrição humana. São abordadas questões sobre as fontes da vitamina, sua absorção, distribuição e metabolismo, recomendações dietéticas, avaliação do estado nutricional relacionado à vitamina K e ainda fatores que afetam sua concentração plasmática. Diante das novas evidências sobre a participação da vitamina K no metabolismo ósseo, pesquisas adicionais são necessárias a fim de identificar as possíveis conseqüências à saúde, a longo prazo, de deficiência subclínica desta vitamina. Pesquisadores e comitês futuros encontram um desafio no que se refere a investigar novos requerimentos nutricionais da vitamina.The aim of this study was to discuss the aspects that involve the understanding of vitamin K metabolism and recent advances of its role in human nutrition. The paper presents dietary sources, absorption, distribution in the body and metabolism of vitamin K, nutritional recommendations, evaluation of nutritional status related to the vitamin and factors influencing its plasmatic concentration. In the light of evidences about vitamin K role in bone metabolism, further studies are needed to identify the possible long-term consequences to health of subclinical vitamin K deficiency. A great challenge for researchers and further scientific committees will be certainly concerned with investigation of new nutritional requirements of the vitamin.

  14. Protective effects of Urtica dioica seed extract in aflatoxicosis: histopathological and biochemical findings.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Uyar, A; Yener, Z; Dogan, A

    2016-04-01

    The ameliorative potential and antioxidant capacity of an extract of Urtica dioica seeds (UDS) was investigated using histopathological changes in liver and kidney, measuring serum marker enzymes, antioxidant defence systems and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA)) content in various tissues of broilers exposed to aflatoxin (AF). A total of 32 broilers were divided randomly into 4 groups: control, UDS extract-treated, AF-treated and AF+UDS extract-treated. Broilers in control and UDS extract-treated groups were fed on a diet without AF. The AF-treated group and AF+UDS extract-treated groups were treated with an estimated 1 mg total AF/kg feed. The AF+UDS extract groups received in addition 30 ml UDS extract/kg diet for 21 d. The AF-treated group had significantly decreased body weight gain when compared to the other groups. Biochemical analysis showed a small increase in the concentrations of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase in the AF-treated group compared to that of the control group, whereas concentrations of these enzymes were decreased in the AF+UDS group compared to that of the AF-treated group. Administration of supplementary UDS extract helped restore the AF-induced increase in MDA and reduced the antioxidant system towards normality, particularly in the liver, brain, kidney and heart. Hepatorenal protection by UDS extracts was further supported by the almost normal histology in AF+UDS extract-treated group as compared to the degenerative changes in the AF-treated broilers. It was concluded that UDS extract has a protective hepatorenal effect in broilers affected by aflatoxicosis, probably acting by promoting the antioxidative defence systems.

  15. Comparative evaluation of culture and PCR for the detection and determination of persistence of bacterial strains and DNAs in the Chinchilla laniger model of otitis media.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aul, J J; Anderson, K W; Wadowsky, R M; Doyle, W J; Kingsley, L A; Post, J C; Ehrlich, G D

    1998-06-01

    This study was designed to determine the persistence of culturable bacteria versus DNA in the presence of a middle ear effusion in a chinchilla model of otitis media. Cohorts of animals were either infected with an ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae strain or injected with a tripartite inoculum consisting of freeze-thawed Streptococcus pneumoniae; pasteurized Moraxella catarrhalis; and DNA from H influenzae. The H influenzae-infected animals displayed culture positivity and polymerase chain reaction positivity through day 35. In the chinchillas infected with the low-copy number inocula of S pneumoniae, DNA was not detectable after day 1 from the co-inoculated pasteurized M catarrhalis bacteria or the purified H influenzae DNA; however, amplifiable DNA from the live low-copy number bacteria persisted through day 21 even though they were not culture-positive past day 3. These results demonstrate that DNA, and DNA from intact but nonviable bacteria, does not persist in an amplifiable form for more than a day in the presence of an effusion; however, live bacteria, while not culturable, persist in a viable state for weeks.

  16. Tratamento de erros inatos do metabolismo Treatment of inborn errors of metabolism

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    Ida Vanessa Schwartz

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Esta revisão teve por objetivo abordar a situação atual do tratamento dos distúrbios do metabolismo intermediário (principalmente dos aminoácidos, ciclo da uréia e ácidos orgânicos e das doenças relacionadas a duas organelas subcelulares (lisossomos e peroxissomos. FONTES DOS DADOS: Na abordagem do tratamento dos distúrbios do metabolismo intermediário, foi dada prioridade às principais formas de manejo da intoxicação, em virtude da importância para o pediatra do tratamento de quadros agudos e com risco de vida. O artigo apresenta também uma visão geral do tratamento das doenças lisossômicas e peroxissômicas, com ênfase na terapia de reposição enzimática, uma modalidade de tratamento de uso crescente com a qual o pediatra deve se familiarizar. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: As principais medidas para manejo da intoxicação presente em muitos erros inatos do metabolismo intermediário foram apresentadas (restrição de aporte de substrato através da dieta ou através de inibição enzimática, remoção do produto tóxico, estímulo da atividade enzimática residual, reposição do produto deficiente. O material elaborado sobre terapia para doenças lisossômicas e peroxissômicas inclui tabelas informativas sobre os tratamentos disponíveis. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento dos erros inatos do metabolismo é uma situação complexa e que deve ser abordada por uma equipe multidisciplinar, na qual o pediatra é peça-chave. Este capítulo contém informações práticas relativas ao manejo de alguns erros inatos do metabolismo e proporciona ao pediatra uma visão geral dos desenvolvimentos recentes ocorrido nessa área da medicina.OBJECTIVE: To describe the current state of treatment for disorders of intermediate metabolism (primarily of amino acids, urea cycle and organic acids and for diseases related to two subcellular organelles (lysosomes and peroxisomes. SOURCES: In covering the treatment of disorders of intermediate

  17. Evaluation of viability of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins degradation in irradiated samples of maize Avaliação da viabilidade de Aspergillus flavus e degradação de aflatoxinas em amostras de milho irradiadas

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    Simone Aquino

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available One of the currently most important fungi in stored grains is Aspergillus flavus, which produce aflatoxins. This fungus can grow on diverse substrates and represents a serious public health and animal nutritional problem. Therefore, the study of techniques that can be applied to the control of aflatoxins is of great importance. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of gamma radiation on the growth of Aspergillus flavus Link and on degradation of aflatoxin B1 and B2 (AFB1 and AFB2 at a relative humidity of 97 99% and a water activity (Aw of 0.88-0.94. Samples of corn grains were irradiated using a cobalt 60 source emitting gamma rays at doses of 2, 5 and 10 kGy. Irradiation was found to be effective in reducing the number colony-forming units of A. flavus, per gram, in the corn samples analyzed. In addition, the fluorescent viability test (fluorescein diacetate and ethidium bromide revealed a decrease in the number of viable cells with increasing irradiation doses and three different fluorescence patterns. Furthermore, irradiation induced a partial reduction in AFB1 and AFB2 levels at the doses of 2 and 5 kGy, whereas complete degradation of aflatoxins was observed in the assay employing 10 kGy.Um dos fungos mais importantes atualmente em grãos armazenados é o Aspergillus flavus, o qual produz aflatoxinas. Este fungo pode crescer em diversos substratos e representa uma séria preocupação em saúde pública e nutrição animal. Portanto, o estudo de técnicas que possam ser aplicadas no controle das aflatoxinas é de grande importância. Assim sendo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar os efeitos da radiação gama no crescimento de Aspergillus flavus Link e na degradação das aflatoxinas B1 e B2, (AFB1 e AFB2 em umidade relativa (UR de 97-99% e atividade de água (Aa de 0,88-0,94. Amostras de grãos de milho foram irradiadas, utilizando-se uma fonte de Cobalto 60, emissora de raios gama, com as doses de 2; 5

  18. Atheromic and lymphoplasmacytic effects of Mangifera indica methanolic leaf extract on the heart of chinchilla rabbits.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ngokere, Anthony Ajuluchukwu; Ezeofor, Peace Chinelo; Okoye, Jude Ogechukwu; Chukwuanukwu, Rebecca Chinyelu

    2015-11-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methanol extract of Mangifera indica on serum concentration of creatine kinase, total white blood cell (WBC) count and lymphocyte counts and the micro-anatomical architecture of the heart in chinchilla rabbits in order to find its safe and toxic levels. A total of 24 Chinchilla rabbits aged 10-14 weeks, divided into four experimental groups were orally administered the doses of none, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg body weight of the methanol extract of M. indica, respectively, for 28 days. The modified International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) method was used to estimate the serum concentration of creatine kinase (CK (-MB)) while the haematology auto-analyser was used to estimate the total WBC count and lymphocyte count. The estimated values were subjected to analysis of variance using the SPSS software application (version 16) and expressed as mean±standard deviation. Tissue sections were stained by phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin and haematoxylin and eosin staining techniques. The result showed significant increases in serum concentrations of CK (-MB) (12.05±3.11-21.55±9.93 U/L) and total WBC count (5.33±0.66-6.51±0.38 103/μL) when the control group was compared with the treated groups (p0.05). Significant differences were also observed in the body weight of the treated groups (pindica is indicated to have some health benefits at 500 mg/kg and shows toxicity on the micro-architecture of the heart at a concentration of ≥1000 mg/kg.

  19. Indicadores de eficiencia productiva de un módulo experimental de chinchillas y su comparación con los de sistemas de producción comercial

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    NISTAL AJ

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available En un sistema de producción intensivo de chinchillas, de pequeña escala, manejado en base a un protocolo experimental con control artificial del fotoperíodo se relevaron durante tres años consecutivos 24 indicadores productivo-reproductivos. Los valores de todos los indicadores fueron similares o superiores a los informados en la bibliografía en diferentes sistemas productivos. Ello puede explicarse por: la fertilidad promedio mantenida durante el período estudiado, generada en parte por el refugo sistemático anual de toda hembra sin parto registrado, independientemente de su fenotipo peletero; el tamaño de la camada al nacimiento y al destete, que si bien mostraron valores dentro del rango de referencia bibliográfica, estuvieron acompañados por un porcentaje de mortalidad total satisfactorio y partos por reproductora por año y por madre por año por encima de la mayor parte de los datos referenciados en la bibliografía atribuibles a la estimulación determinada por el manejo fotoperiódico. La conjunción de estos indicadores permitió alcanzar valores de 2,31 y 2,85 gazapos destetados por reproductora y por madre por año. Los valores informados en el Módulo experimental superan en un gazapo destetado por madre y por año a los emprendimientos dedicados a la producción de chinchillas del área de influencia de la FCV-UNR. SUMMARY. Indicators of productive efficiency of an experimental module of chinchillas and comparisons with commercial systems. In a small-scale chinchilla intensive production system, managed on the basis of an experimental protocol with artificial control of the photoperiod, 24 productive-reproductive indicators were surveyed for three consecutive years. The values of all indicators were similar or higher than those reported in the literature in different production systems. This can be explained by: (1 the average fertility maintained during the period studied, generated in part by the annual systematic scrap

  20. Predição da composição corporal e exigências líqüidas de macrominerais para ganho de peso de chinchila (Chinchilla lanigera Body composition prediction and net macroelements requirements (Chinchilla lanigera

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simone de David Antonio

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Foram determinados os conteúdos corporais e as exigências líquidas para ganho de peso de corpo vazio e ganho de peso vivo em matéria mineral (MM, fósforo (P, potássio (K e magnésio (Mg para a espécie (Chinchilla lanigera. Foram abatidos 18 animais (seis machos e seis fêmeas em média com 750 dias de idade e seis animais juvenis de 40 dias de vida. Foi feito um teste de comparação de médias para as composições das diferentes categorias animal. Foram ajustadas equações logarítmicas da quantidade corporal de MM, P, K e Mg, em função do logaritmo do peso corporal vazio. As exigências líquidas em MM, P, K e Mg foram obtidas por derivação das equações de predição da composição corporal. As proporções corporais de matéria seca e de matéria mineral alteraram-se com o avanço da idade das chinchilas. Os animais juvenis apresentaram (PBody composition and net requirements for empty body weight gain for mineral matter (MM, Phosphorous (P, potassium (K and magnesium for chinchilla were determined. Eighteen animals (6 males, 6 females, 750 days old and six young animals 40 days old were slaughtered. Minerals body content of different animals categories were compared and logarithmic equations were adjusted between minerals content and empty body weight. Body composition and net requirements for empty body weight gain for mineral matter (MM, Phosphorous (P, potassium (K and magnesium for chinchilla were determined. Eighteen animals (6 males, 6 females, 750 days old and six young animals 40 days old were slaughtered. Minerals body content of different animals categories were compared and logarithmic equations were adjusted between minerals content and empty body weight. Net requirements for MM, P, K and Mg were estimated through derivation of these equations. The body concentrations of dry and mineral matter changed with age. Younger animals had lower concentration of dry matter and higher concentration of minerals than the

  1. Immunogenicity of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Outer Membrane Vesicles and Protective Ability in the Chinchilla Model of Otitis Media.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Winter, Linda E; Barenkamp, Stephen J

    2017-10-01

    Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Gram-negative bacteria are enriched in several outer membrane components, including major and minor outer membrane proteins and lipooligosaccharide. We assessed the functional activity of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) OMV-specific antisera and the protective ability of NTHi OMVs as vaccine antigens in the chinchilla otitis media model. OMVs were purified from three HMW1/HMW2-expressing NTHi strains, two of which were also engineered to overexpress Hia proteins. OMV-specific antisera raised in guinea pigs were assessed for their ability to mediate killing of representative NTHi in an opsonophagocytic assay. The three OMV-specific antisera mediated killing of 18 of 65, 24 of 65, and 30 of 65 unrelated HMW1/HMW2-expressing NTHi strains. Overall, they mediated killing of 39 of 65 HMW1/HMW2-expressing strains. The two Hia-expressing OMV-specific antisera mediated killing of 17 of 25 and 14 of 25 unrelated Hia-expressing NTHi strains. Overall, they mediated killing of 20 of 25 Hia-expressing strains. OMVs from prototype NTHi strain 12 were used to immunize chinchillas and the course of middle ear infection was monitored following intrabullar challenge with the homologous strain. All control animals developed culture-positive otitis media, as did two of three HMW1/HMW2-immunized animals. All OMV-immunized animals, with or without supplemental HMW1/HMW2 immunization, were completely protected against otitis media. NTHi OMVs are the first immunogens examined in this model that provided complete protection with sterile immunity after NTHi strain 12 challenge. These data suggest that NTHi OMVs hold significant potential as components of protective NTHi vaccines, possibly in combination with HMW1/HMW2 proteins. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.

  2. Biomarcadores para avaliação da exposição humana às micotoxinas Biomarkers for assessment of human exposure to mycotoxins

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Érika Bando

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Atualmente, as micotoxinas representam um risco de contaminação ambiental, acarretando sérios prejuízos à saúde humana. Essas toxinas podem estar presentes em diferentes tipos de alimentos, que constituem a principal fonte de exposição para o homem. As exposições podem ser monitoradas através do uso de biomarcadores, que elucidam a relação causa/efeito e dose/efeito na avaliação de risco à saúde para fins de diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial. Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica do período de 1981-2005, no MEDLINE, sobre utilização e propostas de biomarcadores para a exposição a aflatoxinas, fumonisinas, desoxinivalenol e ocratoxina A. Os possíveis biomarcadores para avaliar a exposição humana às aflatoxinas foram os metabólitos urinários de aflatoxina B1, como aflatoxina M1, aflatoxina P1, aflatoxina Q1, aflatoxina livre em soro ou plasma, os adutos de AFB-N7-guanina, os adutos de albumina ou mutação no gene supressor de tumor p53, presentes em fluidos biológicos. Para as fumonisinas, os biomarcadores foram os níveis de fumonisina B1 e fumonisina B2 livres, ou de esfinganina e esfingosina em sangue e urina. O desoxinivalenol tem como biomarcadores de exposição os produtos de seu metabolismo e adutos macromoleculares (proteína/DNA presentes nos fluidos biológicos. Para a exposição à ocratoxina A (OA os biomarcadores se restringem à quantificação da própria toxina nos fluidos biológicos. A avaliação da exposição às micotoxinas constitui um importante aspecto para a saúde pública, tendo em vista a possibilidade de prevenir ou minimizar a incidência de doenças decorrentes da sua interação com o organismo.Currently, mycotoxins represent a risk of environmental contamination, causing serious damages to human health. Those toxins can be found in different kinds of foods, and they constitute the main source of human exposure. The evaluation of such exposures can be monitored through the use

  3. Programa de detección de errores innatos del metabolismo, Minas de Matahambre 2008-2012

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    Yinet Oliva López

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: los errores innatos del metabolismo son un grupo muy heterogéneo de enfermedades congénitas, determinadas por el bloqueo de un paso metabólico debido a la mutación de genes responsables del funcionamiento del mismo. Con herencia autosómico recesiva y en algunos casos ligada al cromosoma X, su diagnóstico precoz y el uso correcto de todas las opciones terapéuticas posibles es fundamental para asegurar la supervivencia y la mejor calidad de vida posible de los individuos afectados. Objetivo: describir los resultados del programa de detección de errores innatos del metabolismo durante cinco años en el municipio Minas de Matahambre. Material y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo en el municipio de Minas de Matahambre del 2008 al 2012, al total de recién nacidos estudiados mediante el tamizaje neonatal. Resultados: se estudiaron un total de 1822 recién nacidos, alcanzando una cobertura del 99,3 %. Existe mayor número de primeras determinaciones de: galactosa y 17 hidroxiprogesterona, no se han detectado casos confirmados de enfermos de hiperplasia adrenal congénita, fenilcetonuria, galactosemia, déficit de biotinidasa e hipotiroidismo congénito. Conclusiones: con el presente trabajose describen los resultados del programa de detecci ón de errores innatos del metabolismo en el municipio, lo que permite el diagnóstico preciso, el correcto tratamiento médico y un adecuado asesoramiento genético a la familia.

  4. Strain-specific virulence phenotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae assessed using the Chinchilla laniger model of otitis media.

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    Michael L Forbes

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available Streptococcus pneumoniae [Sp] infection is associated with local and systemic disease. Our current understanding of the differential contributions of genetic strain variation, serotype, and host response to disease phenotype is incomplete. Using the chinchilla model of otitis media [OM] we investigated the disease phenotype generated by the laboratory strain TIGR4 and each of thirteen clinical strains (BS68-75, BS290, BS291, BS293, BS436 and BS437; eleven of the thirteen strains have been genomically sequenced.For each strain 100 colony forming units were injected bilaterally into the tympanic bullae of 6 young adult chinchillas under general anesthesia. All animals were examined daily for local and systemic disease by a blinded observer. Pneumatic otoscopy was used to evaluate local disease, and behavioral assessments served as the measure of systemic disease. Virulence scoring was performed using a 4-point scale to assess four clinical parameters [severity and rapidity of local disease onset; and severity and rapidity of systemic disease onset] during a 10-day evaluation period. Highly significant variation was observed among the strains in their ability to cause disease and moribundity.As expected, there was a significant correlation between the rapidity of systemic disease onset and severity of systemic disease; however, there was little correlation between the severity of otoscopic changes and severity of systemic disease. Importantly, it was observed that different strains of the same serotype produced as broad an array of disease phenotypes as did strains of different serotypes. We attribute these phenotypic differences among the strains to the high degree of genomic plasticity that we have previously documented.

  5. Passage of albumin from the middle ear to the inner ear in otitis media in the chinchilla

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goldberg, B.; Goycoolea, M.V.; Schleivert, P.M.; Shea, D.; Schachern, P.; Paparella, M.M.; Carpenter, A.M.

    1981-01-01

    A study of the permeability of the middle ear-inner ear interface for macromolecules was carried out in chinchillas with open and obstructed eustachian tubes utilizing tritiated human serum albumin and immunoelectrophoresis. Tritiated albumin was placed in the round window niche area or normal animals and animals in which the eustachian tubes had been obstructed for 24 hours or 14 days. The tritiated albumin was allowed to remain in the middle ear cavity for 24 hours, Samples of middle ear effusion, perilymph, blood and cerebrospinal fluid were collected and measured for radioactivity. Radioactivity was demonstrated in the perilymph. Samples of middle ear effusions and perilymph were also studied by immunoelectrophoresis with goat antihuman albumin. Albumin placed in the round window niche of an experimental animal could be recovered unchanged in the perilymph. The results suggest a pathophysiologic explanation for the association of otitis media and sensorineural hearing loss or endolymphatic hydrops

  6. Efeito do tempo de conservação de polimorfonucleares do sangue de bezerros sobre o metabolismo oxidativo e a atividade de fagocitose de Escherichia coli

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elizabeth Bohland

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available Foram avaliados os efeitos do tempo sobre o metabolismo oxidativo e a fagocitose de Escherichia coli, em amostras de polimorfonucleares (PMN do sangue, de cinco bezerros hígidos, conservadas em banho de gelo por duas (t2, quatro (t4, seis (t6, 12 (t12 e 24 (t24 horas. O metabolismo oxidativo foi avaliado utilizando o Diacetato 2' 7' Diclorofluoresceína (DCFH-DA e a E. coli, como estímulo. Para a fagocitose a mesma bactéria foi utilizada. As amostras foram analisadas por citometria de fluxo. O metabolismo oxidativo basal dos PMN do sangue de bezerros foi maior nos tempos t4, t6 e t12, do que em t2 (p<0,05. A intensidade de fluorescência do metabolismo oxidativo induzido pela bactéria foi maior nos tempos t4 e t6 do que em t2 (p<0,05. A comparação entre o metabolismo basal e induzido pela bactéria, em cada um dos tempos, mostrou que a maior diferença ocorreu em t2, com valores da média geométrica e desvios padrão respectivos de 18,3 ± 4,4 e 26,7 ± 1,8 (p< 0,05. A atividade de fagocitose, medida pela intensidade de fluorescência, foi maior para as amostras mantidas em gelo por 6 horas do que para t2, t4 e t12 (p<0,05. O percentual de fagocitose não diferiu entre os tempos. O tempo ideal para análise do metabolismo oxidativo foi o de duas horas. Maiores estudos são necessários para se verificar a influência do tempo de conservação na fagocitose de E. coli por PMN do sangue de bovinos.

  7. Perfil da contaminação com aflatoxina entre embalagens de produtos de amendoim Afloxin contamination profile among packages of peanut candies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Micotti da Gloria

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o perfil da distribuição da contaminação com aflatoxinas entre embalagens constituintes de lotes de confeitos de amendoim, expostos à venda no comércio. Os dados da distribuição da ocorrência e dos níveis de contaminação, aqui obtidos, sugerem que os procedimentos de amostragem, visando à detecção de aflatoxinas em produtos processados, sempre estarão associando um grau de incerteza muito elevado quanto à presença ou não e quanto ao nível médio de contaminação de um lote de produto processado. Entretanto, para melhorá-los, devem-se considerar as diferenças existentes entre os produtos com relação ao processamento ou não dos grãos que constituem sua matéria-prima, pois, em lotes de produtos em que a matéria-prima foi triturada ou moída, como por exemplo, o doce de amendoim do tipo paçoca, a distribuição da ocorrência e dos níveis mostrou um grau bem mais elevado de homogeneidade, quando comparado ao amendoim japonês que mantém a integridade da matéria-prima durante o seu processo de fabricação.This study was carried out to evaluate the profile of aflatoxin contamination distribution among packages of peanut candies trading. Aflatoxin occurrence and distribution date from this study suggest that sampling plans to aflatoxin detection in processed products are always associated with high degree of uncertain of presence or not and of the true average level of contamination. To improve sampling plans it is necessary to consider the differences among product types. There are processed products whose the raw material is grounded, like "paçoca" and other that it is not, like "amendoim japonês". Occurrence and distribution of aflatoxin contamination among packages in lots of "paçoca" was more homogeneus than in lots of "amendoim japonês".

  8. Classificação Macroscópica, identificação da microbiota fúngica e produção de aflatoxinas em híbridos de milho

    OpenAIRE

    Dilkin,Paulo; Mallmann,Carlos Augusto; Santurio,Janio Morais; Hickmann,José Luis

    2000-01-01

    Com o objetivo de medir o potencial de resistência de 5 diferentes híbridos de milho, logo após a colheita, ao crescimento de fungos e produção de aflatoxinas (AFs), foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: 1) aspecto macroscópico dos grãos, sendo os grãos de cada híbrido classificados como íntegros, danificados por insetos (DI) ou danificados por fungos (DF); 2) contaminação fúngica dos híbridos; 3) potencial para resistência à produção de AFs, através do cultivo de Aspergillus parasiticus, ...

  9. Repair of Tympanic Membrane Perforations with Customized Bioprinted Ear Grafts Using Chinchilla Models.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kuo, Che-Ying; Wilson, Emmanuel; Fuson, Andrew; Gandhi, Nidhi; Monfaredi, Reza; Jenkins, Audrey; Romero, Maria; Santoro, Marco; Fisher, John P; Cleary, Kevin; Reilly, Brian

    2018-03-01

    The goal of this work is to develop an innovative method that combines bioprinting and endoscopic imaging to repair tympanic membrane perforations (TMPs). TMPs are a serious health issue because they can lead to both conductive hearing loss and repeated otitis media. TMPs occur in 3-5% of cases after ear tube placement, as well as in cases of acute otitis media (the second most common infection in pediatrics), chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma, or as a result of barotrauma to the ear. About 55,000 tympanoplasties, the surgery performed to reconstruct TMPs, are performed every year, and the commonly used cartilage grafting technique has a success rate between 43% and 100%. This wide variability in successful tympanoplasty indicates that the current approach relies heavily on the skill of the surgeon to carve the shield graft into the shape of the TMP, which can be extremely difficult because of the perforation's irregular shape. To this end, we hypothesized that patient specific acellular grafts can be bioprinted to repair TMPs. In vitro data demonstrated that our approach resulted in excellent wound healing responses (e.g., cell invasion and proliferations) using our bioprinted gelatin methacrylate constructs. Based on these results, we then bioprinted customized acellular grafts to treat TMP based on endoscopic imaging of the perforation and demonstrated improved TMP healing in a chinchilla study. These ear graft techniques could transform clinical practice by eliminating the need for hand-carved grafts. To our knowledge, this is the first proof of concept of using bioprinting and endoscopic imaging to fabricate customized grafts to treat tissue perforations. This technology could be transferred to other medical pathologies and be used to rapidly scan internal organs such as intestines for microperforations, brain covering (Dura mater) for determination of sites of potential cerebrospinal fluid leaks, and vascular systems to determine arterial

  10. COMPARATIVE RESEARCHES REGARDING THE BODY WEIGHT IN DIFERENT AGES OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE, GRAND CHINCHILLA RABIT BREEDS, AND THE F1 HIBRIDS OBTAINED AFTER THEIR CROSS-BREEDING

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DANIELA-MARCELA TOBĂ (GOINA

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available In rabbits breeding, the amelioration processes have a high importance because they are aimed to continuously increase the productions concomitantly with the decrease of specific consumption and unit costs. Cross-breeding of two genetically distinguished breeds can produce the heterozis effect, meaning an increase of the possibility that allow a higher productivity. 53 young rabbits were used as biological material, 3 interlinear simple female hybrids of New Zealand White (NZ being the maternal line and 3 interlinear simple male hybrids of Grand Chinchilla (CH form the paternal line. The 53 young rabbits were raised in identical environmental conditions so that their genetic potential to determinate the phonotypical expression. The rabbits weighing was done daily, at the same time, in equal foraging and drinking conditions. The rabbits were weaned at 30 days old, and until 80 days old were raised for meat. The two breeds used in the crossbreeding chart, respectively New Zealand White as maternal line and Grand Chinchilla as paternal line, have a good combinative characteristic, and on their hybrids is manifested the heterozis effect. In all the experimental, the hybrids from NZ x CH cross-breeding registered a corporal dynamic higher then the parental breeds.

  11. Abdominal ultrasonography in inheredited diseases of carbohydrate metabolism; Ecografia dell'addome nelle malattie ereditarie del metabolismo dei carboidrati

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pozzato, Carlo; Curti, Alessandra; Cornalba, Gianpaolo [Milano Univ., Ospedale San Paolo, Milano (Italy). Unita' Operativa di Radiologia Diagnostica ed Interventistica, Istituto di Scienze Radiologiche; Radaelli, Giovanni [Milano Univ., Ospedale San Paolo, Milano (Italy). Unita' Operativa di Statistica Medica; Fiori, Laura; Rossi, Samantha; Riva, Enrica [Milano Univ., Ospedale San Paolo, Mialno (Italy). Dipartimento di Pediatria

    2005-02-01

    Purpose: To determine the usefulness of abdominal sonography in inherited diseases of carbohydrate metabolism. Materials and methods: Thirty patients (age range, 4 months to 27 years) with glycogen storage diseases, galactosemia, disorders of fructose metabolism were studied with sonography. Echogenicity of the liver, sonographic dimensions of liver, kidneys and spleen were evaluated. Plasma blood parameters (ALT, AST, total cholesterol, triglycerides) were determined. Results: Liver was enlarged in 21/22 patients (95.4%) with glycogen storage diseases, in both subjects with disorders of fructose metabolism, and in 2/6 patients (33.3%) with galactosemia. Hepatic echogenicity was increased in 20/22 patients (90.9%) with glycogen storage diseases, and in the subject with hereditary fructose intolerance. Patients with galactosemia did not show increased liver echogenicity. Both kidney were enlarged in 8/17 patients (47.0%) with glycogen storage disease type I. Subjects with increased hepatic echogenicity exhibited higher plasma concentrations of any blood parameter than the others with normal echogenicity (p<0.05). Conclusions: Sonography can be useful in identification of inherited diseases of carbohydrate metabolism even if further examinations are necessary for an ultimate diagnosis. [Italian] Scopo: Determinare l'utilita' dell'ecografia addominale nelle malattie ereditarie del metabolismo dei carboidrati. Materiale e metodi: Di 30 pazienti (eta' compresa tra 4 mesi e 27 anni), affetti da malattie di accumulo di glicogeno (glicogenosi), galattosemia, disordini del metabolismo del fruttosio, sono stati valutati tramite ecografia l'ecogenicita' epatica e le dimensioni ecografiche di fegato, reni e milza. Sono stati determinati alcuni parametri ematici (ALT, AST, colesterolo totale, trigliceridi). Risultati: Il fegato e' risultato ingrandito in 21/22 pazienti (95,4%) con malattie da accumolo di glicogeno, in entrambi i soggetti con

  12. Direct evaluation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm mediators in a chronic infection model.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Byrd, Matthew S; Pang, Bing; Hong, Wenzhou; Waligora, Elizabeth A; Juneau, Richard A; Armbruster, Chelsie E; Weimer, Kristen E D; Murrah, Kyle; Mann, Ethan E; Lu, Haiping; Sprinkle, April; Parsek, Matthew R; Kock, Nancy D; Wozniak, Daniel J; Swords, W Edward

    2011-08-01

    Biofilms contribute to Pseudomonas aeruginosa persistence in a variety of diseases, including cystic fibrosis, burn wounds, and chronic suppurative otitis media. However, few studies have directly addressed P. aeruginosa biofilms in vivo. We used a chinchilla model of otitis media, which has previously been used to study persistent Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae infections, to show that structures formed in vivo are biofilms of bacterial and host origin within a matrix that includes Psl, a P. aeruginosa biofilm polysaccharide. We evaluated three biofilm and/or virulence mediators of P. aeruginosa known to affect biofilm formation in vitro and pathogenesis in vivo--bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP), flagella, and quorum sensing--in a chinchilla model. We show that c-di-GMP overproduction has a positive impact on bacterial persistence, while quorum sensing increases virulence. We found no difference in persistence attributed to flagella. We conclude from these studies that a chinchilla otitis media model provides a means to evaluate pathogenic mediators of P. aeruginosa and that in vitro phenotypes should be examined in multiple infection systems to fully understand their role in disease.

  13. Effect of aflatoxin B1 on growth and enzymatic activity of a native strain of Bacillus sp Efecto de la aflatoxina B1 sobre el crecimiento y actividad proteolítica de una cepa nativa de Bacillus sp

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márquez Edna Judith

    2004-07-01

    Full Text Available The effect of different aflatoxin B1 (AFAB1 concentrations on alkaline protease growth and enzymatic activity was evaluated; a native strain of alkalophilic Bacillus sp cultivated in CSL (Corn Steep Liquor was used. It was found that the effect of AFAB1 on the strain inhibited its growth and enzymatic activity to 1 ppm, showing that the strain is highly sensible to AFAB1, meaning that medium obtained f rom Colombian corn contaminated with this mycotoxin cannot be easily used. Concentrations less than 0.1 ppm did not affect growth and enzymatic activity. Key words: Bacillus, aflatoxin, alkaline proteases.Se evaluó el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de aflatoxina B1 (AFAB1 sobre el crecimiento y actividad enzimática de proteasas alcalinas de una cepa nativa de Bacillus sp Alcalofílico cultivada en LAM (Licor Agotado de Maíz. Se encontró que la cepa inhibe su crecimiento y actividad enzimática a 1 ppm, lo que demuestra una alta sensibilidad de la cepa evaluada a la AFAB1 e imposibilita utilizar fácilmente medios obtenidos de maíz nacional contaminado con esta micotoxina. Las concentraciones inferiores a 0.1 ppm no tienen ningún efecto sobre el crecimiento y la actividad enzimática. Palabras clave: Bacillus, aflatoxina, proteasas alcalinas.

  14. Avaliação do sistema de monitoramento computadorizado de digestão in vitro: 1. Testes preliminares Evaluation of a computerized monitoring on in vitro digestion system: 1. Preliminary tests

    OpenAIRE

    Fábio Prudêncio de Campos; Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna; Máx Lázaro Vieira Bose; Celso Boin

    2000-01-01

    O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar o sistema de monitoramento computadorizado da produção de gás in vitro. Essa técnica facilita estudos da degradação das frações solúveis e insolúveis das forragens, quantificadas pela produção de gás (CO2 e CH4) oriunda do metabolismo microbiano e medida por sensor de pressão. Diversas quantidades de amostras (50 a 110 mg de feno de alfafa) e outros alimentos foram testadas. Também, a influência da quantidade de líquido ruminal (2,0 ou 3,0 mL), com ou sem ...

  15. Inner-ear sound pressures near the base of the cochlea in chinchilla: Further investigation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ravicz, Michael E.; Rosowski, John J.

    2013-01-01

    The middle-ear pressure gain GMEP, the ratio of sound pressure in the cochlear vestibule PV to sound pressure at the tympanic membrane PTM, is a descriptor of middle-ear sound transfer and the cochlear input for a given stimulus in the ear canal. GMEP and the cochlear partition differential pressure near the cochlear base ΔPCP, which determines the stimulus for cochlear partition motion and has been linked to hearing ability, were computed from simultaneous measurements of PV, PTM, and the sound pressure in scala tympani near the round window PST in chinchilla. GMEP magnitude was approximately 30 dB between 0.1 and 10 kHz and decreased sharply above 20 kHz, which is not consistent with an ideal transformer or a lossless transmission line. The GMEP phase was consistent with a roughly 50-μs delay between PV and PTM. GMEP was little affected by the inner-ear modifications necessary to measure PST. GMEP is a good predictor of ΔPCP at low and moderate frequencies where PV ⪢ PST but overestimates ΔPCP above a few kilohertz where PV ≈ PST. The ratio of PST to PV provides insight into the distribution of sound pressure within the cochlear scalae. PMID:23556590

  16. METABOLISMO GLICÍDICO EM MÚSCULO ESTRIADO ESQUELÉTICO DE RATOS EM REPOUSO SUBMETIDOS À RESTRIÇÃO PROTÉICA ALIMENTAR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MIRIAM GONçALVES DE CHAVES

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available

    Com a finalidade de testar a capacidade bioquímica de organismos desnutridos para o exercício físico, analisou-se o metabolismo muscular da glicose, em modelo experimental utilizando ratos. Foram usados ratos wistar recém-desmamados (21 dias, alimentados com dietas hipoprotéica (6% ou normoprotéica (17% até atingirem a idade adulta (90 dias. Foram avaliadas, in vitro, captação e oxidação de glicose, síntese de glicogênio e produção de lactato pelo músculo sóleo isolado do animal na condição de repouso. Os animais alimentados com a dieta hipoproteíca pesaram menos que os controles e apresentaram menores teores séricos de glicose, albumina e proteínas totais (p < 0,05. Os níveis de lipídios hepáticos e ácidos graxos livres séricos foram maiores no grupo hipoprotéico, indicando eficácia da dieta hipoprotéica em induzir desnutrição. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos quanto à captação e oxidação de glicose, síntese de glicogênio, produção de lactato pelo músculo sóleo isolado. Esses resultados indicam que, nas condições do presente estudo, a desnutrição imposta após o desmame parece não interferir no metabolismo muscular da glicose em repouso, embora comprometa o crescimento somático. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Desnutrição protéica; ratos; metabolismo de glicose; músculo esquelético.

  17. Efeito do tempo de conservação de polimorfonucleares do sangue de bezerros sobre o metabolismo oxidativo e a atividade de fagocitose de Escherichia coli

    OpenAIRE

    BOHLAND, Elizabeth; SÁ-ROCHA, Vanessa de Moura; CYRILLO, Fernanda Cavallini; BENESI, Fernando José

    2008-01-01

    Foram avaliados os efeitos do tempo sobre o metabolismo oxidativo e a fagocitose de Escherichia coli, em amostras de polimorfonucleares (PMN) do sangue, de cinco bezerros hígidos, conservadas em banho de gelo por duas (t2), quatro (t4), seis (t6), 12 (t12) e 24 (t24) horas. O metabolismo oxidativo foi avaliado utilizando o Diacetato 2' 7' Diclorofluoresceína (DCFH-DA) e a E. coli, como estímulo. Para a fagocitose a mesma bactéria foi utilizada. As amostras foram analisadas por citometria de f...

  18. El B-hidroxi-B-metilbutirato (HMB) como suplemento nutricional (I): metabolismo y toxicidad

    OpenAIRE

    Rafael Manjarrez-Montes-de-Oca

    2015-01-01

    Introducción: El β-hidroxi-β-metilbutirato (HMB) es un metabolito de la leucina producido a partir del ácido α-cetoisocaproico. El HMB se utiliza como suplemento nutricional en el deporte desde 1997, atribuyéndosele una disminución de la proteólisis muscular. En los últimos años, se han descrito efectos positivos del HMB en diversas patologías, lo cual aumenta su probable utilidad para la mejora de la salud. Objetivos: Los objetivos de la presente revisión son: conocer el metabolismo del HMB,...

  19. Metabolismo Lipídico e Diagnóstico das Dislipidemias Primárias

    OpenAIRE

    Marques da Silva, P

    2015-01-01

    O tratamento das dislipidemias é um imperativo ético na abordagem do doente em risco cardiovascular. O conhecimento do metabolismo das lipoproteínas, a expressão fenotípica de uma dislipidemia e a compreensão dos processos e elementos fisiopatológicos relacionados constituem a base de uma estratégia fundamentada e racional no doente em risco. A abordagem de um indivíduo com dislipidemia passa por um diagnóstico criterioso, de base laboratorial. Com uma clínica e uma semiologia escassa, mas...

  20. Metabolismo de carbohidratos en palmas de aceite (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. afectadas por marchitez letal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pèrez Angela Patricia

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available La enfermedad conocida como “marchitez letal” se presenta
    en plantaciones de la zona baja del río Upía, en palmas de siete
    años de sembradas. No se conoce el posible agente causal o
    factores que predisponen a las palmas a la enfermedad, y no se
    ha registrado hasta la fecha en otras zonas palmeras del país. Se
    analizó el metabolismo de carbohidratos en palmas de aceite
    con síntomas iniciales de la enfermedad, palmas sospechosas
    de presentar la enfermedad y palmas sanas dentro y fuera de
    un foco. Se tomaron muestras de hojas, raíces y estípite para
    determinar las concentraciones de almidón, azúcares reductores,
    no reductores y totales. La concentración de azúcares
    reductores tuvo un incremento en las palmas con síntomas
    iniciales y sospechosos; los azúcares totales presentaron mayor
    concentración en las palmas sospechosas de tener la enfermedad
    con respecto a las palmas con síntomas iniciales. Los azúcares
    no reductores en los diferentes órganos evaluados tuvieron
    una concentración muy baja. Los resultados observados en la
    alteración del metabolismo de los carbohidratos en las palmas
    enfermas probablemente sugieren que los fitoplasmas estén
    asociados a la enfermedad.

  1. Effect of powdered spice treatments on mycelial growth, sporulation and production of aflatoxins by toxigenic fungi Efeito de tratamentos com condimentos em pó sobre o crescimento micelial, esporulação e produção de aflatoxinas por fungos toxigênicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sára Maria Chalfoun

    2004-08-01

    Full Text Available The effect of ten powdered spice plants was evaluated at the concentration of 1, 2, 3 and 4% to observe the mycelial growth and sporulation of Aspergillus niger and Eurotium repens. The spices were added to the culture media PDA and CYA20S. Clove completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the tested fungi. The other spices: cinnamon, garlic, thyme, mint, anis, oregano and onion were, in a decreasing order, promising antifungals. Bay leaf and basil did not show a pronounced fungistatic effect. The antitoxigenic potential of the spices was tested against one aflatoxin-producing strain of AspergiIIus flavus. The spices were tested at the same concentrations previously mentioned and were added to the culture medium YES, appropriate for the production of those metabolites. Clove completely inhibited the mycelial growth of Aspergillus flavus. Cinnamon and anis totally inhibited the production of Bl and B2 aflatoxin. Both bay leaf and basil inhibited the synthesis of aflatoxin starting from the concentration of 2%. The other spices did not have a pronounced antiaflatoxigenic effect.O efeito de dez plantas condimentares em pó foi avaliado nas concentrações de 1, 2, 3 e 4%, para observar o desenvolvimento micelial e esporulação de Aspergillus niger e Eurotium repens. Os condimentos foram adicionados aos meios de cultura BDA e CYA 20S. O cravo inibiu completamente o desenvolvimento micelial dos fungos testados. Os outros condimentos: canela, alho, tomilho, menta, erva-doce, orégano e cebola foram, em ordem decrescente, antifúngicos promissores. Louro e manjericão não apresentaram um efeito fungistático pronunciado. O potencial antitoxigênico dos condimentos foi testado contra uma cepa de Aspergillus flavus, produtora de aflatoxina. Os condimentos foram testados nas mesmas concentrações previamente mencionadas e foram adicionados ao meio de cultura YES, apropriado para a produção daqueles metabólitos. O cravo inibiu completamente o

  2. Efecto del clorhidrato de tiaprida sobre el metabolismo oxidativo de cerebro de rata "in vitro"

    OpenAIRE

    Torrecilla García-Ripoll, Juan Ramón

    2012-01-01

    El clorhidrato de tiaprida es una benzamida u ortopramida con efecto neuroléptico atípico. En el presente trabajo se estudia el efecto del clorhidrato de tiaprida sobre el consumo de oxígeno, glucosa, fosforilación oxidativa mitocondrial, actividad ATPasa y la interacción con diversos neurotransmisores en preparaciones de cortes de corteza de rata "in vitro". En relación con el MATERIAL Y METODOS, se determinó el consumo de oxígeno en cortes, homogeneizados y mitocondrias de cerebro de r...

  3. Metabolismo de carbohidratos en palmas de aceite (elaeis guineensis jacq.) afectadas por marchitez letal

    OpenAIRE

    Pèrez, Angela Patricia; Cayòn, Gerardo

    2010-01-01

    La enfermedad conocida como “marchitez letal” se presenta
    en plantaciones de la zona baja del río Upía, en palmas de siete
    años de sembradas. No se conoce el posible agente causal o
    factores que predisponen a las palmas a la enfermedad, y no se
    ha registrado hasta la fecha en otras zonas palmeras del país. Se
    analizó el metabolismo de carbohidratos en palmas de aceite
    con síntomas iniciales de la enfermedad, palmas sospechosas&...

  4. Efecto de la ingesta de compuestos avanzados de la reacción de Maillard sobre el metabolismo gastrointestinal

    OpenAIRE

    Pastoriza de la Cueva, Silvia

    2013-01-01

    La realización de la presente tesis doctoral se ha llevado a cabo gracias a un contrato de Técnico Superior de Laboratorio adscrito al Proyecto de Excelencia concedido por la Junta de Andalucía (AGR-4135) denominado "Repercusiones de la ingesta de compuestos avanzados de la reacción de Maillard sobre el metabolismo gastrointestinal y óseo".

  5. Avaliação do sistema de monitoramento computadorizado de digestão in vitro: 1. Testes preliminares

    OpenAIRE

    Campos Fábio Prudêncio de; Lanna Dante Pazzanese Duarte; Bose Máx Lázaro Vieira; Boin Celso

    2000-01-01

    O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar o sistema de monitoramento computadorizado da produção de gás in vitro. Essa técnica facilita estudos da degradação das frações solúveis e insolúveis das forragens, quantificadas pela produção de gás (CO2 e CH4) oriunda do metabolismo microbiano e medida por sensor de pressão. Diversas quantidades de amostras (50 a 110 mg de feno de alfafa) e outros alimentos foram testadas. Também, a influência da quantidade de líquido ruminal (2,0 ou 3,0 mL), com ou sem ...

  6. Fisiologia e metabolismo do ferro Iron physiology and metabolism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helena Z. W. Grotto

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available O conhecimento sobre a fisiologia e metabolismo do ferro foi bastante incrementado nos últimos anos. A identificação de alguns genes e as repercussões quando de suas mutações, principalmente as relacionadas ao acúmulo de ferro, auxiliaram no entendimento dos mecanismos regulatórios responsáveis pela manutenção da homeostase desse nutriente essencial para numerosos processos bioquímicos. A função de diversas moléculas já está bem estabelecida, como da transferrina e seu receptor e, nas últimas décadas, novas moléculas têm sido identificadas, como a ferroportina, o transportador de metal divalente e hemojuvelina. Um elegante mecanismo de controle mantém o equilíbrio entre os processos de absorção do ferro, reciclagem, mobilização, utilização e estoque. Alterações no sincronismo desses processos podem causar tanto a deficiência como a sobrecarga de ferro, ambos com importantes repercussões clínicas para o paciente. Nessa minirrevisão serão abordados aspectos relacionados ao metabolismo do ferro e à participação de várias proteínas e mediadores envolvidos. Serão também apresentados os mecanismos regulatórios celular e sistêmico responsáveis pela disponibilidade do ferro em concentrações ideais para a manutenção de sua homeostase.Knowledge of the iron physiology and metabolism has increased greatly over the last few years. The identification of genes and the consequences of mutations, especially those related to the accumulation of iron, have improved the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms responsible for maintaining homeostasis of this essential nutrient in many biochemical processes. The function of several molecules is well established, as in the case of transferrin and its receptor and, in recent decades, new molecules have been identified such as ferroportin, divalent metal transporter, hemojuvelin and hepcidin. An elegant control mechanism maintains the balance between the processes of

  7. Programa de detección de errores innatos del metabolismo, Minas de Matahambre 2008-2012

    OpenAIRE

    Oliva López, Yinet; González García, Raúl

    2014-01-01

    Introducción: los errores innatos del metabolismo son un grupo muy heterogéneo de enfermedades congénitas, determinadas por el bloqueo de un paso metabólico debido a la mutación de genes responsables del funcionamiento del mismo. Con herencia autosómico recesiva y en algunos casos ligada al cromosoma X, su diagnóstico precoz y el uso correcto de todas las opciones terapéuticas posibles es fundamental para asegurar la supervivencia y la mejor calidad de vida posible de los individuos afectados...

  8. Indicador espacial del metabolismo urbano. Huella Ecológica de la ciudad de Tandil, Argentina

    OpenAIRE

    Guerrero, Elsa Marcela; Guiñirgo, Fernando

    2008-01-01

    Además de problemas urbanos evidentes -contaminación, residuos, etc.-, existe un problema asociado a la propia dinámica del sistema urbano que es de interés: la apropiación creciente de ecosistemas productivos externos destinados a satisfacer los requerimientos del metabolismo urbano de la ciudad de Tandil, Argentina. Se emplea para su cálculo, la Huella Ecológica (HE) (Rees 1996a; Wackernagel 1996) que permite evaluar en términos espaciales –hectáreas- los requerimientos de alimentos, combus...

  9. Biomarcadores del metabolismo y nutrición de hierro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Gloria Sermini

    Full Text Available RESUMEN La anemia por deficiencia de hierro continúa siendo la deficiencia nutricional más abundante en el mundo, y son los lactantes, preescolares, mujeres en edad fértil y embarazadas los grupos de mayor susceptibilidad. Debido a esto es que se hace necesario el conocer los mecanismos de regulación de captación, transporte y absorción del metal a nivel celular, principalmente a nivel del enterocito y, una vez que el hierro entra a la circulación, conocer cuáles son los biomarcadores que permiten realizar un seguimiento del estatus del hierro corporal. En esta revisión mostramos, en primer lugar, cómo se regula la entrada de hierro a nivel de la célula del epitelio intestinal, mostrando las principales proteínas involucradas (transportadores de entrada y salida de hierro, oxido-reductasas, proteína de almacenamiento y, para finalizar, hacemos un recuento de los principales biomarcadores del metabolismo de hierro una vez que este ha entrado y circula por el organismo.

  10. Effects of intermittent fasting on metabolism in men Efeitos do jejum intermitente no metabolismo humano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernanda Reis de Azevedo

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available This review analyzes the available literature on the impact of intermittent fasting (IF, a nutritional intervention, on different aspects of metabolism. The epidemic of metabolic disturbances, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS, and diabetes mellitus type 2 has led to an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, and affected patients might significantly benefit from modifications in nutritional habits. Recent experimental studies have elucidated some of the metabolic mechanisms involved with IF. Animal models have shown positive changes in glucose (lower plasma glucose and insulin levels and in lipid metabolism (reduced visceral fat tissue and increased plasma adiponectin level, and an increased resistance to stress. Despite the limited number of samples studied, positive results have been reported on the impact of IF for human health. IF is reported to improve the lipid profile; to decrease inflammatory responses, reflected by changes in serum adipokine levels; and to change the expression of genes related to inflammatory response and other factors. Studies on obese individuals have shown that patient compliance was greater for IF than other traditional nutritional approaches (calorie restriction, and IF was found to be associated with low oxidative stress. Recent reports suggest that IF exerts a positive impact on the metabolic derangements commonly associated with cardiovascular diseases, and that it may be a viable and accessible intervention for most individuals. Therefore, further clinical studies are essential to test the effectiveness of IF in preventing and controlling metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.Esta revisão traz uma análise de dados disponíveis na literatura sobre o impacto do jejum intermitente, uma modalidade de intervenção nutricional, em diferentes aspectos do metabolismo. A epidemia de anormalidades metabólicas, como obesidade, síndrome metabólica e diabetes mellitus tipo 2, tem ocasionado um

  11. Desnutrição perinatal e o controle hipotalâmico do comportamento alimentar e do metabolismo do músculo esquelético

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriano Bento-Santos

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available A deficiência de nutrientes durante os períodos críticos do desenvolvimento tem sido associada com maior risco para desenvolver obesidade e diabetes Mellitus na vida adulta. Um dos mecanismos propostos refere-se à regulação do comportamento alimentar e às alterações do metabolismo energético do músculo esquelético. Recentemente, tem sido proposta a existência de uma comunicação entre o hipotálamo e o músculo esquelético a partir de sinais autonômicos que podem explicar as repercussões da desnutrição perinatal. Assim, esta revisão tem como objetivo discutir as repercussões da desnutrição perinatal sobre o comportamento alimentar e o metabolismo energético muscular e a comunicação existente entre o hipotálamo e o músculo via sinais adrenérgicos. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados MedLine/PubMed, Lilacs e Bireme, com publicações entre 2000 e 2011. Os termos de indexação utilizados foram: feeding behavior, energy metabolism, protein malnutrition, developmental plasticity, skeletal muscle e autonomic nervous system. Concluiu-se que a desnutrição perinatal pode atuar no controle hipotalâmico do comportamento alimentar e no metabolismo energético muscular, e a comunicação hipotálamo-músculo pode favorecer o desenvolvimento de obesidade e comorbidades durante o desenvolvimento.

  12. DESARROLLO DE UN MÓDULO PARA ENSEÑANZA DEL METABOLISMO Y ESTILOS DE VIDA SALUDABLE EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Granados Zúñiga

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se describe el empleo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC para combinar los conceptos básicos de metabolismo enseñados en los cursos de bioquímica de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Costa Rica, con los de estilos de vida saludables promovidos por la Unidad de Promoción de la Salud de la Oficina de Bienestar y Salud de esta misma universidad. Mediante un formato para pantalla de computador, o similar, es posible hacer converger múltiple información, para que el docente pase de ser un proveedor de saber en el aula, a un mediador y facilitador del aprendizaje. Empleando el modelo de diseño instruccional Rapid Prototyping de Tripp & Bichelmeyer, se definieron los requerimientos para elaborar un módulo audiovisual que se denominó Metabolismo y estilos de vida saludables. En las evaluaciones preliminares el módulo desarrollado ha llenado las expectativas iniciales. Es necesario promover un mayor apoyo institucional para el desarrollo de las TIC, procurar la formación docente en su uso y facilitar los recursos técnicos y didácticos necesarios.

  13. Influencia de la citoquina Interleuquina 6 (IL-6) adipocitaria y muscular en el control del metabolismo

    OpenAIRE

    Ferrer Villahoz, Beatriz

    2013-01-01

    La interleuquina -6 (IL-6) es una citoquina pleiotrópica cuya función principal se da en el sistema inmune en el control de la inflamación. Realiza importantes funciones en la homeostasis del sistema nervioso central (SNC), en la respuesta al ejercicio físico e incluso en el metabolismo (particularmente en funciones relacionadas con la insulina). Diversos estudios han demostrado que la IL-6 podría tener un papel en el control del peso corporal tanto a nivel de SNC como periférico, aunque no e...

  14. Errores innatos del metabolismo: Enfermedades lisosomales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caridad Menéndez Saínz

    2002-03-01

    Full Text Available Dentro de los errores innatos del metabolismo se encuentran las enfermedades de almacenamiento lisosomal o enzimopatías lisosomales, las cuáles se caracterizan por un déficit enzimático específico, la excreción de metabolitos por la orina y la acumulación de los compuestos no degradados en diferentes órganos y tejidos que ocasionan la disfución de éstos. Tienen un patrón de herencia autosómico recesivo, excepto para la enfermedad de Fabry y la enfermedad de Hunter en las que el patrón de herencia está ligado al cromosoma X. Estas enfermedades tienen una baja incidencia en general, aunque hay poblaciones donde algunas de ellas tienen una alta incidencia. Su importancia radica en la magnitud que representan como problema de salud, por la pobre calidad de vida de esos pacientes, así como su fallecimiento prematuro, motivo por el cual hay que evitar los nacimientos de nuevos niños afectados.Among the metabolism inborn errors, there are the lysosomal storage diseases or lysosomal enzymopathies that are characterized by an specific enzymatic deficiency, excretion of metabollites in urine and accumulation of non-degraded compounds in various organs and tissues causing their dysfunction. These diseases have a recessive autosomal heredity, except for Fabry´s disease and Hunter’s disease in which the pattern of heredity is chromosome X-linked. These diseases have a low incidence in general although there are populations where they show a high incidence. Their importance lies in what they represent as a health problem because of the poor quality of life of these patients and their early death, therefore, it is necessary to prevent the birth of new infants affected with these diseases.

  15. Replication of type 5 adenovirus promotes middle ear infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae in the chinchilla model of otitis media

    Science.gov (United States)

    Murrah, Kyle A.; Turner, Roberta L.; Pang, Bing; Perez, Antonia C.; Reimche, Jennifer L.; King, Lauren B.; Wren, John; Gandhi, Uma; Swords, W. Edward; Ornelles, David A.

    2015-01-01

    Adenoviral infection is a major risk factor for otitis media. We hypothesized that adenovirus promotes bacterial ascension into the middle ear through the disruption of normal function in the Eustachian tubes due to inflammation-induced changes. An intranasal infection model of the chinchilla was used to test the ability of type 5 adenovirus to promote middle ear infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The hyperinflammatory adenovirus mutant dl327 and the nonreplicating adenovirus mutant H5wt300ΔpTP were used to test the role of inflammation and viral replication, respectively, in promotion of pneumococcal middle ear infection. Precedent infection with adenovirus resulted in a significantly greater incidence of middle ear disease by S. pneumoniae as compared to nonadenovirus infected animals. Infection with the adenovirus mutant dl327 induced a comparable degree of bacterial ascension into the middle ear as did infection with the wild-type virus. By contrast, infection with the nonreplicating adenovirus mutant H5wt300ΔpTP resulted in less extensive middle ear infection compared to the wild-type adenovirus. We conclude that viral replication is necessary for adenoviral-induced pneumococcal middle ear disease. PMID:25251686

  16. Selective Inner Hair Cell Dysfunction in Chinchillas Impairs Hearing-in-Noise in the Absence of Outer Hair Cell Loss.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lobarinas, Edward; Salvi, Richard; Ding, Dalian

    2016-04-01

    Poorer hearing in the presence of background noise is a significant problem for the hearing impaired. Ototoxic drugs, ageing, and noise exposure can damage the sensory hair cells of the inner ear that are essential for normal hearing sensitivity. The relationship between outer hair cell (OHC) loss and progressively poorer hearing sensitivity in quiet or in competing background noise is supported by a number of human and animal studies. In contrast, the effect of moderate inner hair cell (IHC) loss or dysfunction shows almost no impact on behavioral measures of hearing sensitivity in quiet, when OHCs remain intact, but the relationship between selective IHC loss and hearing in noise remains relatively unknown. Here, a moderately high dose of carboplatin (75 mg/kg) that produced IHC loss in chinchillas ranging from 40 to 80 % had little effect on thresholds in quiet. However, when tested in the presence of competing broadband (BBN) or narrowband noise (NBN), thresholds increased significantly. IHC loss >60 % increased signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for tones (500-11,300 Hz) in competing BBN by 5-10 dB and broadened the masking function under NBN. These data suggest that IHC loss or dysfunction may play a significant role in listening in noise independent of OHC integrity and that these deficits may be present even when thresholds in quiet are within normal limits.

  17. Absorption and metabolism of volatile fatty acids by rumen and omasum Absorção e metabolismo de ácidos graxos voláteis pelo rúmen e omaso

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    João Luiz Pratti Daniel

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Volatile fatty acids (VFA absorption and metabolic capacity of rumen and omasum were compared, in vitro. Fragments of rumen wall and omasum laminae were taken from eight adult crossbred bovines. An isolated fragment of the mucosa was fitted in a tissue diffusion chamber. Valeric acid and CrEDTA were added to ruminal fluid and placed on the mucosal side and buffer solution was placed on the serosal side. Fractional absorption rates were measured by exponential VFA:Cr ratio decay over time. Metabolism rate was determined as the difference between VFA absorbed and VFA which appeared on the serosal side over time. Mitotic index was higher in omasum (0.52% than in rumen epithelium (0.28%. VFA fractional absorption rate was higher in omasum (4.6%/h.cm² than in rumen (0.4%/h.cm². Acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate showed similar fractional absorption rates in both fragments. Percentage of metabolized acetate and propionate was lower than butyrate and valerate in both stomach compartments. In the rumen, individual VFA metabolism rates were similar (mean of 7.7 , but in the omasum, valerate (90.0 was more metabolized than butyrate (59.6 propionate (69.8 and acetate (51.7 . Correlation between VFA metabolism and mitotic index was positive in the rumen and in the omasum. In conclusion, VFA metabolism and absorption potential per surface of the omasum is higher than that of the rumen. Variations on rumen and omasum absorption capacities occur in the same way, and there are indications that factors capable of stimulating rumen wall proliferation are similarly capable of stimulating omasum walls.A capacidade de absorção e metabolismo de ácidos graxos voláteis (AGV pelo rúmen e omaso foi comparada, in vitro. Fragmentos da parede do rúmen e das lâminas do omaso foram coletados de oito bovinos mestiços adultos. Um fragmento isolado da mucosa foi colocado em uma câmara de difusão tecidual. Ácido valérico e CrEDTA foram adicionados ao fluido

  18. Turismo y Metabolismo Social: Efectos ambientales de la actividad turística en la región Atlántico/Caribe. 1970-2011

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    Edgar Eduardo Blanco Obando

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Durante el período de estudio se evidencia que la actividad turística en la región Atlántico/Caribe mantuvo un metabolismo sustentable, debido a condiciones específicas que presentó la expansión del turismo en dicha región.

  19. Virulence phenotypes of low-passage clinical isolates of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae assessed using the chinchilla laniger model of otitis media

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    Hogg Justin

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi are associated with a spectrum of respiratory mucosal infections including: acute otitis media (AOM; chronic otitis media with effusion (COME; otorrhea; locally invasive diseases such as mastoiditis; as well as a range of systemic disease states, suggesting a wide range of virulence phenotypes. Genomic studies have demonstrated that each clinical strain contains a unique genic distribution from a population-based supragenome, the distributed genome hypothesis. These diverse clinical and genotypic findings suggest that each NTHi strain possesses a unique set of virulence factors that contributes to the course of the disease. Results The local and systemic virulence patterns of ten genomically characterized low-passage clinical NTHi strains (PittAA – PittJJ obtained from children with COME or otorrhea were stratified using the chinchilla model of otitis media (OM. Each isolate was used to bilaterally inoculate six animals and thereafter clinical assessments were carried out daily for 8 days by blinded observers. There was no statistical difference in the time it took for any of the 10 NTHi strains to induce otologic (local disease with respect to any or all of the other strains, however the differences in time to maximal local disease and the severity of local disease were both significant between the strains. Parameters of systemic disease indicated that the strains were not all equivalent: time to development of the systemic disease, maximal systemic scores and mortality were all statistically different among the strains. PittGG induced 100% mortality while PittBB, PittCC, and PittEE produced no mortality. Overall Pitt GG, PittII, and Pitt FF produced the most rapid and most severe local and systemic disease. A post hoc determination of the clinical origins of the 10 NTHi strains revealed that these three strains were of otorrheic origin, whereas the other 7 were from patients

  20. Evaluación del tamizaje selectivo de errores innatos del metabolismo en el instituto materno infantil en colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Bermúdez, M.; Arteaga, C.; Cifuentes, Y.

    2011-01-01

    El programa de detección de Errores Innatos del metabolismo del Instituto Materno Infantil (IMI) de Bogotá, en un periodo de cinco años ha estudiado 1.147 pacientes de alto riesgo (nacidos y remitidos al IMI como también procedentes de otras Instituciones) con:
    1.Antecedentes en la historia familiar
    2.Alteraciones neurológicas.
    3.Sepsis sin respuesta al tratamiento.
    4.Asfixia perinatal severa, falla cardiaca, dificultada respiratoria sin causa evide...

  1. Errores innatos del metabolismo de las purinas y otras enfermedades relacionadas Inborn purine metabolism errors and other related diseases

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    Jiovanna Contreras Roura

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Los errores innatos en el metabolismo de las purinas son trastornos hereditarios complejos de gran impacto clínico, que presentan síntomas variables de acuerdo con el tipo de enfermedad. Pueden presentarse problemas renales de origen desconocido, retardo mental con manifestaciones neurológicas, retardo del crecimiento, infecciones recurrentes, automutilación, inmunodeficiencias, anemia hemolítica inexplicable, artritis gotosa, historia familiar, consanguinidad y reacciones adversas a fármacos que son análogos de las purinas. Las investigaciones de estas enfermedades comienzan generalmente con la cuantificación del ácido úrico en suero y en orina, por ser el producto final del metabolismo de las purinas en humanos. La dieta y el consumo de medicamentos, entre otras condiciones patológicas, fisiológicas y clínicas, también pueden modificar los niveles de este compuesto. Esta revisión pretende divulgar información de los errores innatos en el metabolismo de las purinas, y facilitar la interpretación de los niveles del ácido úrico y otros marcadores bioquímicos útiles en el diagnóstico de estas enfermedades. Se incluyen tablas que relacionan estas enfermedades con los niveles de excreción de ácido úrico y otros marcadores bioquímicos, las enzimas alteradas, los síntomas clínicos, el modo de herencia y, en algunos casos, el tratamiento propuesto. Este trabajo nos permite afirmar que las variaciones en los niveles del ácido úrico y la presencia de otros marcadores bioquímicos en orina, constituyen una herramienta importante en la pesquisa de algunos errores innatos en el metabolismo de las purinas, así como de otras condiciones patológicas relacionadas.Inborn purine metabolism errors are complex inherited disorders of great clinical impact that present with variable symptoms according to the type of disease. It might occur renal problems of unknown origin, metal retardation with neurological manifestations, retarded

  2. Efecto modulador del sulfuro de hidrógeno en el metabolismo basal en Cavia porcellus (cuy) normales

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez Herreros, César Gonzalo

    2016-01-01

    Evalúa el efecto modulador del H2S a 80 ppm sobre el metabolismo basal en Cavia porcellus (cuy) normales. Para ello mide el consumo de oxígeno y producción de dióxido de carbono del Cavia porcellus (cuy) normales inmediatamente antes y después de la exposición al sulfuro de hidrógeno. Para luego determinar los cambios histológicos a nivel de tejido pulmonar, cardiaco y renal, y los niveles de hemoglobina entre los grupos experimentales (control, experimental y gold estándar). Tesis

  3. Metabolismo del desecho en la determinación social de la salud: economía política y geografía crítica de la basura en el Ecuador 2009-2013

    OpenAIRE

    Soliz Torres, María Fernanda

    2014-01-01

    La investigación analiza el metabolismo social capitalista a través del estudio de su quinto proceso, la excreción. En una suerte de relación subsunción-autonomía, partimos de la construcción de una teoría crítica del metabolismo del desecho en la determinación social de la salud que aterriza en un estudio nacional de economía política y geografía crítica de la basura en el Ecuador, y termina con un estudio de caso que devela de qué manera esos procesos macro determinan las con...

  4. Efecto del Propóleos Chileno sobre el Metabolismo de Glucosa en Ratones Diabéticos

    OpenAIRE

    Pacheco, Alejandro; Daleprane, Julio B; Freitas, Vanessa S; Ferderbar, Simone; Hirabara, Sandro; Cuevas, Alejandro; Saavedra, Nicolás; Curi, Rui; Abdalla, Dulcineia S. P; Salazar, Luis A

    2011-01-01

    En el presente estudio se evaluó el efecto del propóleos sobre el metabolismo de la glucosa en ratones C57/BL-6 con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 inducida por dieta alta en grasa. Se midieron los cambios en las concentraciones séricas de lípidos, glucosa e insulina, y el efecto sobre la captación de 2-deoxi-[2,6-3H]-D-glucosa, síntesis de [14C]-glicógeno y descarboxilación de [U-14C]-D-glucosa inducida por insulina en músculo aislado. Los resultados muestran que en ratones diabéticos, el tratamien...

  5. Estudio del metabolismo del hierro en lactantes de una alta y perenne transmisión de malaria.

    OpenAIRE

    Giménez Gómez, Nuria Pilar

    2003-01-01

    [spa] La malaria y la anemia se encuentran entre los principales problemas de la salud pública mundial. Los recién nacidos y los niños pequeños son uno de los grupos de la población más afectados por ambas patologías. En áreas endémicas de malaria, la frecuente coexistencia de ferropenia, procesos inflamatorios y malaria dificulta la interpretación de las magnitudes bioquímicas utilizadas para valorar el metabolismo del hierro. Otra dificultad añadida en la interpretación de los resultados e...

  6. Estudio del metabolismo del hierro en lactantes de una alta y perenne transmisión de malaria.

    OpenAIRE

    Giménez Gómez, Nuria

    2003-01-01

    La malaria y la anemia se encuentran entre los principales problemas de la salud pública mundial. Los recién nacidos y los niños pequeños son uno de los grupos de la población más afectados por ambas patologías. En áreas endémicas de malaria, la frecuente coexistencia de ferropenia, procesos inflamatorios y malaria dificulta la interpretación de las magnitudes bioquímicas utilizadas para valorar el metabolismo del hierro. Otra dificultad añadida en la interpretación de los resultados es la f...

  7. Micotoxinas e Micotoxicoses na Avicultura Mycotoxins and Mycotoxicosis in Poultry

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    JM Santurio

    2000-04-01

    Full Text Available Esta revisão tem como objetivo principal mostrar, baseado em dezenas de pesquisas realizadas, os efeitos tóxicos das micotoxinas aflatoxinas, tricotecenos, zealenona e fumonisinas sobre o desempenho das aves. O descobrimento das propriedades hepatotóxicas e hepatocarcinogênicas de algumas linhagens de Aspergillus flavus e A. parasiticus em perus, na Inglaterra, no início da década de 1960, seguida pela elucidação da estrutura de seus metabólitos tóxicos, as aflatoxinas, deu novo enfoque e prioridade para a pesquisa sobre micotoxinas. Análises de aflatoxinas realizadas no Laboratório de Análises Micotoxicológicas (LAMIC da Universidade Fedaral de Santa Maria, entre os anos de 1986 e janeiro de 2000, em 15.600 amostras de alimentos destinados principalmente ao consumo animal, demonstram que no milho analisado, 41,9% das amostras estavam contaminadas por aflatoxinas. Em surtos de aflatoxicose no campo, uma das características mais marcantes é a má absorção que se manifesta como partículas de ração mal digeridas na excreta das aves. Também observa-se, em frangos e poedeiras que recebem AFL, extrema palidez das mucosas e pernas. Dietas deficientes em riboflavina ou colecalciferol (vit. D tornaram frangos sensíveis, nos índices de desenvolvimento corporal, a concentrações muito baixas de AFL. O efeito aflatoxina nos frangos é maior na fase inicial de crescimento, ou seja, quando as aves ingeriram aflatoxina nos primeiros 21 dias de vida, e quanto maior o nível de stress do lote, menor a quantidade de AFL para afetar negativamente seu desempenho, seja na produção de carne ou de ovos. As principais micotoxinas do grupo dos tricotecenos são: toxina T-2; deoxynivalenol (DON; diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS, todas produzidas através de diversas espécies de fungos do gênero Fusarium. Além dos tricotecenos, o fusarium também pode produzir zearalenona e fumonisinas. Dessas fusarium-toxinas, somente toxina T-2 gera patologias s

  8. Influência do desenvolvimento etário e da suplementação com vitamina E (acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol no metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos de bovinos da raça Holandesa (Bos taurus

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    Joselito Nunes Costa

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a influência do desenvolvimento etário e da suplementação com acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol sobre o metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos, em bovinos da raça holandesa, no período do nascimento até os 150 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 20 bezerros divididos em dois grupos de dez animais. Os animais do grupo Tratamento receberam 2000UI de acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol, por via intramuscular, ao nascimento, aos 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de idade, sendo o outro o grupo Controle, que não recebeu qualquer suplementação. Em ambos os grupos, o metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos demonstrou pouca atividade durante os primeiros 60 dias de vida, sendo indicativo da ineficiência deste importante mecanismo bactericida. Não foi observado efeito significativo da administração do acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol sobre o metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos.

  9. Influencia de los glucocorticoides inhalados sobre la densidad mineral ósea y el metabolismo óseo

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    Fernando D. Saraví

    2000-04-01

    Full Text Available Los glucocorticoides inhalados (GCI constituyen hoy un tratamiento de primera línea del asma bronquial. Los efectos sistémicos de los GCI, como la supresión del eje hipotalámico- hipofisario-adrenal, son en general menores que los de los glucocorticoides orales. Sin embargo, existe el riesgo de efectos adversos sobre el hueso a largo plazo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue revisar los datos publicados acerca de los efectos de los GCI sobre los marcadores del metabolismo óseo y la densidad mineral ósea en adultos y en pacientes pediátricos. Aunque los estudios examinados no proporcionan resultados uniformes, en términos generales sugieren que los GCI pueden afectar al metabolismo y a la densidad mineral ósea, en particular 1 cuando se administran a dosis elevadas (más de 400 µg/día en niños y más de 800 µg/día en adultos; 2 en pacientes pediátricos, en los que también pueden afectar al crecimiento en estatura; 3 en pacientes cuya ingesta de calcio y vitamina D es inadecuada, y 4 en mujeres postmenopáusicas sin terapia de reposición hormonal. En general, a dosis terapéuticamente equivalentes, la beclometasona tiene mayor efecto deletéreo sobre el hueso que la budesonida, y esta mayor que la fluticasona. Además de la precaución obvia de utilizar la menor dosis eficaz, se proponen como medidas preventivas: 1 la adecuada instrucción sobre el uso de los aerosoles; 2 el uso de cámaras de inhalación; 3 el enjuague bucal tras la administración de GCI, y 4 ajustes o suplementos dietéticos para asegurar una adecuada ingesta de calcio y vitamina D.

  10. Biomasa, distribución y metabolismo del zooplancton en aguas de la Península Antártica

    OpenAIRE

    Lehette, Pascal

    2016-01-01

    [ES]El presente trabajo de tesis titulado "Biomasa, distribución y metabolismo del zooplancton en aguas de la Península Antártica" forma parte de un ambicioso proyecto que tiene como finalidad cuantificar, examinar y desentrañar las interacciones complejas de la cadena trófica en el Océano Sur. La primera parte describe la complejidad de la red trófica característica del Océano Sur. También, esta parte introductora se enfoca en la distribución de las especies zooplanctónicas y surelación con ...

  11. Las principales etapas de la evolución del metabolismo celular. Una aproximación evolucionista al estuido del metabolismo

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    Cunchillos, Chomin

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available

    All biological phenomena are the result of an evolutionary process. The cellular metabolism is not one exception and traces of this process can be found in modern cells. In this paper we are pointing out, through a comparative analysis, metabolic features meaningful enough as to allow us to propose a philogenetical pattern of a display of cellular metabolism and identify the main stages of it.

    The first model of this type was developed by F. Cordón (1990 within his “Theory of Integration Levels Units” and it is part of the development of it. The pattern we are presenting here fully agrees whith that the Cordón’s, but it is reasoned from arguments outside his theory which enables us to separate the model from the theory. Besides, to arrive at the same conclusions coming from different arguments reinforces the ones from that theory and, as a consequence, the theory itself.



    Todos los fenómenos biológicos son el resultado de un proceso evolutivo. El metabolismo celular no es una excepción y en las células actuales se pueden encontrar huellas de ese proceso. En este trabajo ponemos de manifiesto, a través del análisis comparado, rasgos metabólicos suficientemente significativos como para permitirnos proponer un modelo filogenético de despliegue del metabolismo celular e identificar las principales etapas del mismo.

    El primer modelo de este tipo fue desarrollado por F. Cordón (1990, en el contexto de su teoría de unidades de niveles de integraciObstáculos del aprendizaje de respiración celular asociada al metabolismo de carbohidratos en estudiantes de nivel universitario

    OpenAIRE

    Garófalo, Judith

    2009-01-01

    El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar posibles obstáculos en el procesamiento de la información asociada al metabolismo de los carbohidratos y la respiración celular, en estudiantes de segundo año de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, mediante una metodología consistente en Entrevistas Concurrentes y Entrevistas Recurrentes.Mostramos que la mayoría de los errores de los estudiantes provienen de visiones parciales y descontextualizadas de los procesos bioquímicos estudiad...

  12. Farmacocinética, metabolismo e excreção renal da doxorrubicina em pacientes com câncer de mama

    OpenAIRE

    Leandro Francisco Pippa

    2016-01-01

    O presente estudo visa descrever a farmacocinética, o metabolismo e a excreção renal da doxorrubicina, uma antraciclina utilizada no tratamento do câncer de mama. A doxorrubicina é biotransformada a doxorrubicinol pelas enzimas carbonil redutase 1 e 3 e aldo-ceto redutase. Foram investigadas 12 pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama no primeiro ciclo de tratamento adjuvante ou neoadjuvante com doxorrubicina (60 mg/m2) administrada por infusão intravenosa durante 30 min. As amostras seriadas d...

  13. MODELO TEÓRICO PARA EXPLICAR LA ACUMULACIÓN DE GOTAS LIPÍDICAS EN EMBRIONES BOVINOS MACHOS O HEMBRAS PRODUCIDOS in vitro

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    OMAR CAMARGO

    2008-05-01

    Full Text Available La glucosa 6-fosfato deshidrogenasa (G6PD, codificada por un gen ubicado en el cromosoma X, es la enzima limitante de vía de las pentosas fosfato (PF. La entrada de la glucosa así como su flujo y el rendimiento metabólico de esta vía están determinados tanto por los mismos niveles glucosa así como por la actividad de la G6PD. Por esta vía, la glucosa regula la trascripción de varios genes lipogénicos. En algunos embriones hembra producidos in vitro, se registra un retardo en la normal inactivación de uno de sus cromosomas X, lo cual se traduce en una doble actividad de los genes allí ubicados, si se compara con los embriones macho producidos in vitro. Se postula entonces que, la sobre-regulación de la vía PF a consecuencia de la doble dosis de su enzima limitante (G6PD y en presencia de elevados niveles de glucosa (mayores a 2,5 mM en el medio de cultivo, conllevaría a un dimorfismo sexual en relación con la transcripción de los genes Acetil CoA Carboxilasa Alfa (en adelante ACACA, símbolo oficial de la acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase alpha, y la Sintetasa de Ácidos Grasos (en edelante FASN, símbolo oficial de la fatty acid synthase que corriente abajo codifican para las enzimas limitantes en la síntesis de lípidos. Este dimorfismo sexual para el fenotipo metabolismo de lípidos, derivaría en una mayor acumulación citoplasmática de gotas lipídicas en los embriones hembra en comparación con los embriones machos que, de ser así, tendría efectos expansivos sobre el metabolismo general, la actividad transcripcional de otros genes y sobre la resistencia a la criopreservación.

  14. Evaluation of antifungal activity of Pittosporum undulatum L. essential oil against Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production Avaliação da atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial de Pittosporum undulatum L. em Aspergillus flavus e produção de aflatoxina

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    Rosane Tamara da Silva Medeiros

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available The presence of mycotoxins as a result of fungal attack can occur before, after and during the harvest and storage operations on agricultural crops and food commodities. Considering the inhibitory property of essential plant oils on the mycelial development of fungi and the importance of Aspergillus flavus, the main producer of aflatoxins, this research was designed to evaluate the toxicity of essential oil from Pittosporum undulatum against A. flavus. The essential oils were obtained from P. undulatum leaves, collected in different months and analyzed by GC/MS. The oils were rich in hydrocarbon, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and it was observed a significant variation on the chemical composition of the essential oil of leaves at different months. Besides, the essential oils were tested against fungal growth and the results showed different spectrum of inhibition on A. flavus. However, the essential oils inhibited the aflatoxin B1 production.A presença de micotoxinas como resultado do ataque fúngico pode ocorrer antes, após e durante a colheita e também no armazenamento de grãos e alimentos. Considerando as propriedades inibitórias dos óleos essenciais de plantas no desenvolvimento do micélio dos fungos e a importâncias do Aspergillus flavus, principal produtor de aflatoxinas, relatou-se neste trabalho, a atividade tóxica do óleo essencial do Pittosporum undulatum em cultura de A. flavus. Os óleos essenciais de P. undulatum foram obtidos a partir de folhas coletadas em diferentes meses e analisado por CG/EM. Os óleos se mostraram ricos em hidrocarbonetos, monoterpenos e sesquiterpenos e foi observada uma significante variação na composição química destes óleos nos diferentes meses de coleta. Os óleos essenciais mostraram diferentes espectros de inibição do crescimento de A. flavus, porém todos foram capazes de inibir a produção de aflatoxina B1.

  15. Relación de la homocisteína y las enzimas involucradas en su metabolismo con enfermedad cardiovascular y otras patologías.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Natalia Arias Morales

    2016-06-01

    se involucra, siendo los más estudiados polimorfismos A1298C y C677T, seguido de las enzimas BHMT con G742A y CBS con 844ins68. En Colombia se han realizado pocos estudios de carácter genético y molecular frente a la presencia de polimorfismos de las enzimas del metabolismo de la HCY, siendo útil dicha información para investigaciones futuras con el fin de caracterizar genéticamente la población colombiana frente a los polimorfismos de las enzimas asociadas a la HCY, logrando de esta manera fundamentar en nuestro país la importancia de cuidado profiláctico, especialmente en grupos de alta vulnerabilidad como recién nacidos, niños y mujeres gestantes frente a las enfermedades a las que se les asocian.

  16. Pesquisaje neonatal y selectivo para algunos errores congénitos del metabolismo en Villa Clara Neonatal and selective screening for some congenital errors of metabolism in Villa Clara

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    Carmelo Gilberto Soto Villasante

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available Los errores congénitos del metabolismo integran un grupo muy heterogéneo de enfermedades de causa genética que afectan fundamentalmente a la población infantil. El diagnóstico puede ser realizado en el período neonatal temprano o en los niños que tienen riesgos de padecer esta dolencia. En el trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos en nuestro laboratorio a lo largo de 15 años. Se investigaron 6 158 recién nacidos con el objeto de detectar galactosemia y deficiencia de biotinidasa. Se pensó que un niño tenía una variante de galactosemia conocida como variante Duarte. Se realizó un estudio selectivo de 920 niños con presuntos errores congénitos del metabolismo y se detectó un 3,36 % de casos positivos. Entre ellos, la enfermedad más frecuente fue la mucopolisacaridosis. Se evidenció que el empleo de la tecnología convencional con una buena cooperación del médico permite el diagnóstico de un elevado número de niños que padecen algún error congénito del metabolismo.The congenital errors of metabolism integrate a very heterogeneous group of diseases of genetic cause affecting mainly the infantile population. The diagnosis may be made in the early neonatal period or in children at risk for suffering from this disease. The results obtained in our lab during 15 years are presented in this paper. 6 159 newborns were studied in order to detect galactosemia and biotinidase deficiency. It was thought that a child had a variant of galactosemia known as Duarte. A selective study of 920 children with presumptive congenital errors of metabolism was conducted, and 3.36 % of positive cases were found. The most frequent disease among them was mucopolysacharidosis. It was proved that the use of the conventional technology and a good cooperation of the physician allowed to make the diagnosis in a great number of children with some congenital error of metabolism.

  17. Transfection using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in the inner ear via an intact round window membrane in chinchilla

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wu Xuewen; Ding Dalian [Central South University, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital (China); Jiang Haiyan [State University of New York at Buffalo, Center for Hearing and Deafness (United States); XingXiaowei [Central South University, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital (China); Huang, Suping [Central South University, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy (China); Liu Hong [Central South University, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital (China); Chen Zhedong [Central South University, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy (China); Sun Hong, E-mail: shjhaj@vip.163.com [Central South University, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital (China)

    2012-01-15

    Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAT) are known to have excellent biocompatibility, and have attracted increasing attention as new candidates of non-viral vectors for gene therapy. In our previous studies, nHAT carrying a therapeutic gene and a reporter gene were successfully transfected into the spiral ganglion neurons in the inner ear of guinea pigs in vivo as well as in the cultured cell lines, although the transfection efficiencies were never higher than 30%. In this study, the surface modification of nHAT with polyethylenimine (PEI) was made (PEI-nHAT, diameter = 73.09 {+-} 27.32 nm) and a recombinant plasmid carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) gene was constructed as pEGFPC2-NT3. The PEI modified nHAT and the recombinant plasmid was then connected to form the nHAT-based vector-gene complex (PEI-nHAT-pEGFPC2-NT3). This complex was then placed onto the intact round window membranes of the chinchillas for inner ear transfection. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was tested to evaluate auditory function. Green fluorescence of EGFP was observed using confocal microscopy 48 h after administering vector-gene complexes. There was no significant threshold shift in tone burst-evoked ABR at any tested frequency. Abundant, condensed green fluorescence was found in dark cells on both sides of the crista and around the macula of the utricle. Scattered EGFP signals were also detected in vestibular hair cells, some Schwann cells in the cochlear spiral ganglion region, some outer pillar cells in the organ of Corti, and a few cells in the stria vascularis. The density of green fluorescence-marked cells was obviously higher in the vestibular dark cell area than in other areas of the inner ear, suggesting that vestibular dark cells may have the ability to actively engulf the nHAT-based vector-gene complexes. Considering the high transfection efficiency in the vestibular system, PEI-nHAT may be a potential vector for gene therapy of

  18. Metabolismo del colesterol. Su regulación a nivel hepático e intestinal

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    Molina, M. T.

    1991-08-01

    Full Text Available Although all the cells in the body are able to form cholesterol, most part of this synthesis, leading to which is called endogenous cholesterol, occurs in the liver. Hepatocytes can also obtain cholesterol from the plasma lipoproteins. At the same time, cholesterol is either secreted from the liver in new plasma lipoproteins or transformed in bile acids. The extrahepatic cholesterol is mainly produced in the intestinal mucosa. In the site, it takes place the absorption of cholesterol from the diet (exogenous cholesterol, along with the biosynthesis of new cholesterol and the esterification of the molecule to be stored in the cell or secreted as plasma lipoproteins. At the cellular level, the importance of cholesterol comes from the fact that many of the membranous structures of all cells are partially composed of these substance. In this article some of these aspects of the cholesterol metabolism are reviewed. We also describe the influence of lipid composition of microsomal membranes on the activity of cholesterol metabolism regulating enzymes.

    Aunque todas la células del organismo tienen capacidad para sintetizar colesterol, la mayor parte de la síntesis de éste, que da lugar a lo que se conoce como colesterol endógeno, se realiza en el hígado. El hepatocito tiene además capacidad de captar colesterol de las lipoproteínas circulantes, y a la vez de excretarlo formando parte de nuevas lipoproteínas de origen hepático o transformado en ácidos biliares. El colesterol de origen extrahepático procede principalmente de la mucosa intestinal. Aquí se realiza la absorción del colesterol de la dieta (colesterol exógeno, la biosíntesis de nuevo colesterol y la esterificación para ser almacenado en la célula o secretado a sangre en las lipoproteínas de origen intestinal. A nivel celular, la importancia del colesterol radica en que forma parte de la mayoría de las estructuras membranosas de todas las células del organismo. En

  19. Surtos de intoxicação por salinomicina em chinchilas (Chinchilla lanigera

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    Ricardo B. Lucena

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Quatro surtos de intoxicação por salinomicina são descrito em chinchilas de três municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Uma semana após a ingestão de ração contendo 37 ppm de salinomicina, aproximadamente duas mil chinchilas de quatro fazendas expostas diminuíram o consumo da ração. Quatrocentos e vinte sete chinchilas demonstraram apatia. Dessas, duzentos e setenta e sete desenvolveram decúbito esternal e lateral, dispneia e coma, seguidos de morte. As primeiras mortes ocorreram oito dias após a ingestão da ração. A evolução dos sinais clínicos até a morte ou eutanásia foi de 2-5 dias. Os exames bioquímicos do soro sanguíneo em quatro chinchilas revelaram níveis aumentados da alanina aminotransferase, aspartato transaminase, fosfatase alcalina, creatina cinase, glicose, triglicerídeos e colesterol total. Quarenta e cinco chinchilas foram submetidas à necropsia. Os achados macroscópicos consistiam de marcada lipidose hepática em todas as chinchilas necropsiadas; fetos em estado de decomposição em doze chinchilas que estavam prenhes. Microscopicamente, múltiplas fibras musculares esqueléticas estavam hipereosinofílicas, tumefeitas e com perda das estriações. Nas chinchilas que sobreviveram por mais dias era possível observar segmentos fragmentados de miofibras afetadas (necrose flocular e regeneração de miofibras. No fígado foi observada marcada degeneração gordurosa. Não foram observadas anormalidades microscópicas nos demais órgãos analisados. Análises à procura de aflatoxinas, resíduos de pesticidas e isolamento bacteriano foram negativos. A análise da ração por cromatografia líquida revelou 37ppm de salinomicina na ração. A ração suspeita foi administrada a 12 chinchilas, três das quais (25% morreram apresentando lesões semelhantes às observadas nas chinchilas com a doença natural. O diagnóstico de intoxicação por salinomicina foi baseado na epidemiologia, lesões histol

  1. Hemoglobin affinity in Andean rodents

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    HRVOJ OSTOJIC

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Blood hemoglobin oxygen affinity (P50 was measured in three Andean species and in the laboratory rat (control, all raised near sea level. Chinchilla lanigera (Molina, 1792 has an altitudinal habitat range from low Andean slopes up to 3000 m., while Chinchilla brevicaudata (Waterhouse, 1848 has an altitudinal range from 3000 to 5000 m. The laboratory type guinea pig, wild type guinea pig (Cavia porcellus, (Waterhouse, 1748, and laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus were also raised at sea level. The Andean species had high hemoglobin oxygen affinities (low P50 compared with the rat. Chinchilla brevicaudata had a higher affinity than Chinchilla lanigera. The wild type guinea pig had a higher affinity than the laboratory type. As has been shown in other species, this is another example of an inverse correlation between the altitude level and the P50 values. This is the first hemoglobin oxygen affinity study in Chinchilla brevicaudata.

  2. Combinação de butafosfan e cianocobalamina no metabolismo da glicose em vacas leiteiras após o parto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V.C. Tabeleão

    Full Text Available RESUMO A hipótese deste estudo é de que o uso da combinação de butafosfan e cianocobalamina pode melhorar a resistência periférica à insulina, aumentar a quantidade de glicose disponível para a glândula mamária e a produção de leite. Assim, o objetivo foi investigar os efeitos combinados de butafosfan e cianocobalamina sobre o metabolismo da glicose em vacas leiteiras no período pós-parto. Vinte e uma vacas leiteiras foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo controle (CON, n= 11, que recebeu cinco aplicações de solução salina (20mL / animal 0,9% NaCl, e grupo Catosal(r (ABC, n= 10, que recebeu cinco aplicações de 20mL de uma solução contendo as substâncias butafosfan e cianocobalamina (B12 Catosal(r, 100mg da substância butafosfan e 50µg de cianocobalamina por mL. As aplicações foram realizadas por via intramuscular, nos dias sete, 12, 17, 22 e 27 pós-parto. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas para a avaliação das concentrações plasmáticas de fósforo, glicose, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE, albumina, aspartato aminotransferase (AST e creatina quinase (CK. Nos dias oito e 28 pós-parto, os animais foram pesados e submetidos aos testes de tolerância à glicose e à insulina. O tratamento promoveu perda de peso (ABC 40,4kg, CON 10,73kg, P<0,05 e aumento da AST (ABC 62,92 ±3,31U/L, CON 53,11±3,49 U / L, P<0,05 e dos níveis de CK (ABC 134,09± 19,08U / L, CON 79,43 ± 18,27U / L. Os grupos não diferiram quanto ao metabolismo (área sob a curva da glicose nos dias oito e 28, porém os animais tratados tiveram um aumento na glicemia (P<0,05 no dia 28 pós-parto (97,54 ± 8,54mg / dL, após a administração de insulina, em comparação ao dia oito (83,01 ± 8,54mg / dL. Assim, pode-se concluir que a combinação de butafosfan e cianocobalamina melhora a adaptação do metabolismo da glicose em vacas leiteiras no início da lactação.

  3. The effects of using of mineral and organic toxin absorbents on broiler performance and internal organs weight in experimental aflatoxicosis

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    Behnam Heidarpour

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Introduction The occurrence of mycotoxins in foods and feeds is a problem of major concern in all over the world. Profitability of poultry production can be greatly affected due to the frequency of feed contamination and the detrimental effects of these toxins on the performance. Aflatoxins, a group of closely related and biologically active mycotoxins, are produced by strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. They commonly occur as natural contaminant of poultry feeds. Domestic animal species such as chickens, ducks, cattle and turkeys consuming sublethal doses of aflatoxins for several days developed a toxic syndrome in which liver damage was the most significant change. The biological effects of aflatoxins could be categorized into two groups, long term and short term effects. Long term effects included chronic toxicity, cancer, birth defects and genetic alterations. Aflatoxins affected all poultry species, although they generally take relatively high levels to cause mortality, low levels can be detrimental if continually fed. Material and Methods This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of mineral, organic toxin absorbents, humic acid and yeast cell wall on performance and internal organs weight of broilers in experimental aflatoxicosis. This study was conducted in a completely randomize design with 432 Ross-308 broilers with 9 treatments, 4 replicates and 12 broilers in each replicate. Treatments included diet without aflatoxin, 2: diet contaminated with aflatoxin, 3: diet contaminated with aflatoxin and supplemented with 0.20 Humic acid, 4: diet contaminated with aflatoxin and supplemented with 0.40 Humic acid, 5: diet contaminated with aflatoxin and supplemented with 0.60 Humic acid, 5: diet contaminated with aflatoxin and supplemented with 0.80 Humic acid, 6: diet contaminated with aflatoxin and supplemented with 0.80 Humic acid, 7: diet contaminated with aflatoxin and supplemented with 1.00 Humic acid, 8: diet

  4. Función adrenal y metabolismo lipídico en niños asmáticos tratados con budesonida

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    Paoli-de Valeri Mariela

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de bajas dosis de budesonida inhalado sobre la función adrenal y el metabolismo lipídico en niños asmáticos. Material y métodos. Se estudiaron: 10 niños asmáticos (edad promedio, 8.6 años tratados con budesonida inhalado (200-300 µg/día por un lapso mayor a tres meses (grupo A; 15 niños asmáticos (edad promedio, 7.8 años sin tratamiento esteroideo (grupo B, y 10 niños no asmáticos (grupo C. Se determinaron los niveles de cortisol basal y postestímulo con ACTH, andrógenos adrenales, lípidos y cortisol urinario. Resultados. Entre los grupos A y B no hubo diferencias significativas en las variables estudiadas. En los niños asmáticos (grupo A-B el cortisol urinario fue significativamente mayor en relación con el grupo C. Los niveles de triglicéridos, colesterol total, colesterol de la lipoproteína de baja densidad e índices aterogénicos fueron mayores en el grupo de niños asmáticos, con y sin budesonida, comparados con el grupo C. Conclusiones. El tratamiento con dosis bajas de budesonida inhalado en niños asmáticos no modificó la función del eje adrenal ni el metabolismo lipídico. Los pacientes asmáticos presentaron un perfil lipídico aterogénico que podría incrementar el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular.

  5. El factor de necrosis tumoral-α, la resistencia a la insulina, el metabolismo de lipoproteínas y la obesidad en humanos

    OpenAIRE

    M.ª M. Ramírez Alvarado; C. Sánchez Roitz

    2012-01-01

    En la obesidad el tejido adiposo produce moléculas proinflamatorias como el Factor de Necrosis tumoral-α, que tiene efectos locales en la fisiología del adipocito y efectos sistémicos en otros órganos. Muchos estudios relacionando TNF-α, obesidad, resistencia a la insulina y metabolismo lipídico se han realizado en ratas, conejos y perros, pero los resultados observados en varios de estos estudios han sido contradictorios y muchos de ellos no se han logrado reproducir en humanos, lo que hace ...

  6. Impacto do uso de anÃlogos de GnRH sobre o tecido e metabolismo Ãsseo de pacientes endometrÃoticas

    OpenAIRE

    Danyelle Craveiro de Aquino

    2005-01-01

    Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar mulheres portadoras de endometriose em uso de anÃlogos de GnRH investigando o metabolismo Ãsseo e massa Ãssea atravÃs da dosagem de marcadores sÃricos e realizaÃÃo de ultra-sonometria do calcÃneo, respectivamente. Trata-se de estudo observacional transversal tipo caso â controle prospectivo. Foi desenvolvido na Maternidade-Escola Assis Chateaubriand (MEAC) â UFC. Foram avaliadas 99 mulheres, divididas em 3 grupos, sendo 32 portadoras de endometriose diag...

  7. Ameliorative effect of mycofix plus 3.0 in reducing intensity of Eimeria tenella infection during aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. M. Shareef

    2008-01-01

    thymus indexes in comparison with group fed aflatoxin alone. On the other hand, the groups fed on aflatoxin with mycofix plus 3.0 (1% and injected with Eimeria tenella sporulated oocystes, showed some improvement in BWG, feed consumption, feed conversion, blood parameter, β-carotin, ALKP, bursal and thymus indexes, when compared with those fed AF and injected with doses of sporulated oocysts. It was concluded that the addition of mycofix plus 3.0 to broiler feeds had an alleviating effects in reducing the severity of coccidiosis during aflatoxicosis.

  8. Avaliação de programa de ensino-aprendizagem sobre metabolismo de cálcio e fósforo para pacientes em hemodiálise Evaluación de programa de enseñanza-aprendizaje sobre metabolismo de calcio y fósforo para pacientes en hemodiálisis Evaluation of an educational program on calcium and phosphorus metabolism for patients on hemodialysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lílian Peres Righetto de Araujo

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Estudo de corte avaliando efeitos de programa de ensino-aprendizagem sobre o metabolismo e controle de níveis séricos de cálcio (Ca, fósforo (PO4, paratormônio (PTH, produto Ca x PO4, em 33 pacientes estáveis em HD, randomizados para dois grupos: Controle (n=17 e Intervenção (n=16. O grupo Controle recebeu informação sobre acesso vascular: a Intervenção sobre metabolismo de Ca, PO4 e PTH. Mudanças de conhecimento avaliadas por testes pré e pós-classe; adesão à terapia por dosagens laboratoriais seriadas. Não houve mudança significativa de conhecimento em qualquer grupo [Intervenção: 8/17 vs. 14/17 pacientes competentes no pré e pós-teste, respectivamente (PEstudio de cohorte evaluando efectos de programa de enseñanza-aprendizaje sobre el metabolismo y control de niveles séricos de calcio (Ca, fósforo (PO4, parathormona (PTH, producto Ca x PO4 en 33 pacientes estables en HD, randomizados para dos grupos: Control (n=17 e Intervención (n=16. El grupo Control recibió información sobre acceso vascular; el grupo Intervención, sobre metabolismo de Ca, PO4 y PTH. Cambios de conocimiento evaluadas por pruebas pre y post clases, adhesión a la terapia por dosajes laboratoriales seriados. No existió cambio significativo de conocimiento en cualquier grupo [Intervención: 8/17 vs 14/17 pacientes competentes en las etapas pre y post prueba, respectivamente (PThis cohort study evaluated the effects of an educational program about metabolism and control of serum levels of calcium (Ca, phosphorus (PO4, parathormone (PTH, Ca x PO4 product on 33 stable patients on hemodialysis. Patients were randomized into two groups: control (n=17 and intervention (n=16. The control group received information on vascular access. The intervention group was informed about Ca, PO4 and PTH metabolism. The changes in knowledge were evaluated using tests. Treatment compliance was assessed by serial laboratory tests. No significant change was observed in

  9. Transfection using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in the inner ear via an intact round window membrane in chinchilla

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wu Xuewen; Ding Dalian; Jiang Haiyan; XingXiaowei; Huang, Suping; Liu Hong; Chen Zhedong; Sun Hong

    2012-01-01

    Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAT) are known to have excellent biocompatibility, and have attracted increasing attention as new candidates of non-viral vectors for gene therapy. In our previous studies, nHAT carrying a therapeutic gene and a reporter gene were successfully transfected into the spiral ganglion neurons in the inner ear of guinea pigs in vivo as well as in the cultured cell lines, although the transfection efficiencies were never higher than 30%. In this study, the surface modification of nHAT with polyethylenimine (PEI) was made (PEI–nHAT, diameter = 73.09 ± 27.32 nm) and a recombinant plasmid carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) gene was constructed as pEGFPC2–NT3. The PEI modified nHAT and the recombinant plasmid was then connected to form the nHAT-based vector–gene complex (PEI–nHAT–pEGFPC2–NT3). This complex was then placed onto the intact round window membranes of the chinchillas for inner ear transfection. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was tested to evaluate auditory function. Green fluorescence of EGFP was observed using confocal microscopy 48 h after administering vector–gene complexes. There was no significant threshold shift in tone burst-evoked ABR at any tested frequency. Abundant, condensed green fluorescence was found in dark cells on both sides of the crista and around the macula of the utricle. Scattered EGFP signals were also detected in vestibular hair cells, some Schwann cells in the cochlear spiral ganglion region, some outer pillar cells in the organ of Corti, and a few cells in the stria vascularis. The density of green fluorescence-marked cells was obviously higher in the vestibular dark cell area than in other areas of the inner ear, suggesting that vestibular dark cells may have the ability to actively engulf the nHAT-based vector–gene complexes. Considering the high transfection efficiency in the vestibular system, PEI–nHAT may be a potential vector for

  10. Una revisión sobre la producción de taxoides anticancerígenos en cultivos in vitro de callos y células de Taxus spp.

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    Hebert Jair Barrales Cureño

    2013-07-01

    Palabras clave: cáncer, biotecnología, metabolismo secundario, taxol, Taxaceae.  Abstract: The taxoids are polioxigenated diterpenes from the metabolic pathway of the 2-methyl-erythritol 4-phosphate whose biosynthesis is generated in the plastides. The importance of the taxoides including taxol, in the area of human medicine is very valuable due to the use in oncology, drug used against breast, lung and ovarian cancer. The species of trees of Taxus spp. are in danger of extinction due to logging immoderate, to the low reproduction rate, slow growth; therefore, the plant tissue culture in vitro is a biotechnological alternative high-impact and a great help to the knowledge of the production of the taxoides to level in vitro and above all, for the conservation of this valuable natural resource. The objectives of this article are to determine some general information about the geographical distribution of Taxus spp.; chemical characteristics of taxoids, biological mechanism of action of taxol; path of biosynthesis, methods of extraction and analysis of the taxoids and a current review of the production of taxoids in situ and in vitro cultures and cells of Taxus spp.  Key words: cancer, biotechnology, secondary metabolism, taxol, Taxaceae.

  11. The vestibular nerve of the chinchilla. III. Peripheral innervation patterns in the utricular macula

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fernandez, C.; Goldberg, J. M.; Baird, R. A.

    1990-01-01

    1. Nerve fibers supplying the utricular macula of the chinchilla were labeled by extracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase into the vestibular nerve. The peripheral terminations of individual fibers were reconstructed and related to the regions of the end organ they innervated and to the sizes of their parent axons. 2. The macula is divided into medial and lateral parts by the striola, a narrow zone that runs for almost the entire length of the sensory epithelium. The striola can be distinguished from the extrastriolar regions to either side of it by the wider spacing of its hair cells. Calyx endings in the striola have especially thick walls, and, unlike similar endings in the extrastriola, many of them innervate more than one hair cell. The striola occupies 10% of the sensory epithelium; the lateral extrastriola, 50%; and the medial extrastriola, 40%. 3. The utricular nerve penetrates the bony labyrinth anterior to the end organ. Axons reaching the anterior part of the sensory epithelium run directly through the connective tissue stroma. Those supplying more posterior regions first enter a fiber layer located at the bottom of the stroma. Approximately one-third of the axons bifurcate below the epithelium, usually within 5-20 microns of the basement membrane. Bifurcations are more common in fibers destined for the extrastriola than for the striola. 4. Both calyx and bouton endings were labeled. Calyces can be simple or complex. Simple calyces innervate individual hair cells, whereas complex calyces supply 2-4 adjacent hair cells. Complex endings are more heavily concentrated in the striola than in the extrastriola. Simple calyces and boutons are found in all parts of the epithelium. Calyces emerge from the parent axon or one of its thick branches. Boutons, whether en passant or terminal, are located on thin collaterals. 5. Fibers can be classified into calyx, bouton, or dimorphic categories. The first type only has calyx endings; the second, only bouton

  12. Haemophilus parainfluenzae Strain ATCC 33392 Forms Biofilms In Vitro and during Experimental Otitis Media Infections.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pang, Bing; Swords, W Edward

    2017-09-01

    Haemophilus parainfluenzae is a nutritionally fastidious, Gram-negative bacterium with an oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal carriage niche that is associated with a range of opportunistic infections, including infectious endocarditis and otitis media (OM). These infections are often chronic/recurrent in nature and typically involve bacterial persistence within biofilm communities that are highly resistant to host clearance. This study addresses the primary hypothesis that H. parainfluenzae forms biofilm communities that are important determinants of persistence in vivo The results from in vitro biofilm studies confirmed that H. parainfluenzae formed biofilm communities within which the polymeric matrix was mainly composed of extracellular DNA and proteins. Using a chinchilla OM infection model, we demonstrated that H. parainfluenzae formed surface-associated biofilm communities containing bacterial and host components that included neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) structures and that the bacteria mainly persisted in these biofilm communities. We also used this model to examine the possible interaction between H. parainfluenzae and its close relative Haemophilus influenzae , which is also commonly carried within the same host environments and can cause OM. The results showed that coinfection with H. influenzae promoted clearance of H. parainfluenzae from biofilm communities during OM infection. The underlying mechanisms for bacterial persistence and biofilm formation by H. parainfluenzae and knowledge about the survival defects of H. parainfluenzae during coinfection with H. influenzae are topics for future work. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.

  13. Crecimientoy metabolismo: la regulación y la vía de la insulina desde la mosca de la fruta, Drosophila melanogaster

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    Deyannira Otero-Moreno

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Drosophila melanogaster, la mosca de la fruta, es un organismo genético modelo que en años recientes se ha usado exitosamente para estudiar el control del metabolismo y el crecimiento. A pesar de poseer algunas diferencias con las vías de señalización homólogas a las de los vertebrados, las semejanzas son profundas y claras. En D. melanogaster, la vía de la insulina, homóloga a la de los vertebrados, regula tanto el metabolismo como el crecimiento del organismo a través de un receptor membranal único. A su vez, esta vía –que conjunta lo que en vertebrados es la vía de la insulina y la de los péptidos parecidos a la insulina- está regulada por la ingesta de nutrientes (carbohidratos y proteínas y por el control hormonal (hormona del crecimiento, ecdisona, upd2, hormona adipocinética, Ilp8. En consecuencia, normalmente se obtiene un crecimiento adaptable a las condiciones nutricionales que influye, como en los vertebrados, en el promedio de vida y en la capacidad reproductiva con un tamaño típico y una diferenciación armónica, a tono con el bauplandel organismo. Por el contrario las mutaciones y desviaciones dan por resultado partes desproporcionadas, menor capacidad reproductiva, y disminución tanto del tamaño como de la proliferación, y hasta la muerte.

  14. Efectos sobre el metabolismo lipoproteico y estrés oxidativo en ratas zucker fa/fa de cárnicos enriquecidos con glucomanano y espirulina

    OpenAIRE

    González Torres, Laura

    2016-01-01

    Esta memoria doctoral versa sobre los estudios que se realizaron para evaluar los efectos de reestructurados cárnicos (RP) enriquecidos con glucomanano y espirulina sobre crecimiento, tamaño y estructura de órganos, glucemia, insulinemia, resistencia a la insulina, metabolismo lipoproteico y estrés oxidativo en un modelo de síndrome metabólico como es la rata Zucker fa/fa. Para ello se diseñaron diferentes dietas hipersaturadas, añadidas o no con agente hipercolesterolemiante, conteniendo 15%...

  15. Efectos del ibandronato sobre el metabolismo óseo y el perfil de riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres con osteoporosis postmenopáusica tratadas previamente con raloxifeno

    OpenAIRE

    Ferrer Piquer, Marta

    2015-01-01

    “Efectos del ibandronato sobre el metabolismo óseo y el perfil de riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres con osteoporosis postmenopáusica tratadas previamente con raloxifeno” La osteoporosis postmenopáusica es un problema sanitario mundial, dado que las fracturas por fragilidad suponen un aumento importante de morbimortalidad así como del coste económico. En los últimos años se han desarrollado nuevas terapias para el tratamiento de la osteoporosis, siendo por el momento los SERMs y los bi...

  16. Estudo sobre a ocorrência de fungos e aflatoxina B1 na dieta de bovinos leiteiros em São Paulo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thiago P. Motta

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available A qualidade da dieta ofertada às vacas em lactação é uma preocupação dos agentes de saúde devido à possibilidade da detecção de micotoxinas prejudiciais a saúde humana e animal. Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar o perfil da micobiota, determinar a atividade de água (Aa e a ocorrência natural de aflatoxina B1 (AFB1 em dietas ofertadas a vacas em lactação de fazendas leiteiras no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As amostragens das dietas foram realizadas diretamente dos cochos de lote de 15 vacas, em dois dias consecutivos com intervalos de 24h e a cada 15 dias, perfazendo um período de 45 dias de amostragens por fazenda. A purificação e determinação de AFB1 foram realizadas em colunas de imunoafinidade e Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE. O estudo da micobiota presente nas amostras das dietas (288 revelou que as leveduras foram predominantes em todas as dietas (83,97 a 99,98%. Foram isolados 15 gêneros de fungos filamentosos, com os gêneros Aspergillus spp (20,09%, Fusarium spp (14,16% e Penicillium spp (11,48% os mais prevalentes. As contagens de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias por grama de alimento (UFC. g-1 variaram de 102 a 1011. A atividade de água das amostras variou entre 0,91 a 0,98. Foi detectada a presença de AFB1 em 31,44% das amostras com teores entre 1,68 a 194,51μg.kg-1. Medidas de boas práticas de produção, estocagem e utilização devem ser tomadas para diminuir a ocorrência de AFB1 nas dietas ofertadas às vacas em lactação.

  17. Efeito da administração de cordiasalicifoliacham (CSC sobre o metabolismo glicídico de camundongos tornados intolerantes a glicose pela administração neonatal de monoglutamato de sódio (MSG

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniela Sayumi Tsuchiya

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Introdução. A CSC é atribuída um possível efeito benéfico no metabolismo de glicose. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da CSC sobre o peso corporal e metabolismo glicídico de camundongos que receberam administração neonatal de MSG. Metodologia: Camundongos Swiss receberam MSG do 2o ao 11o dia de vida (grupo MSG ou o mesmo volume de solução fisiológica (grupo CONT. Aos 3 meses de vida, parte dos animais passou a receber uma solução CSC (grupos MSG+CS e CONT+CS, 400 mg/kg. Os demais animais receberam água normal (grupo CONT e MSG. O peso foi acompanhado semanalmente. Ao final das 8 semanas, os animais foram submetidos aos testes de tolerância oral à glicose e de tolerância à insulina. Resultados: A indução de obesidade determinou aumento de peso, marcada intolerância à glicose, resistência à insulina, aumento da gordura visceral e maior massa ventricular. O tratamento com CSC nos camundongos MSG determinou um menor ganho de peso e redução significante da intolerância à glicose, apesar de que estes valores ainda sejam maiores que os animais controles. Não houve melhora na resistência à insulina. A melhora da intolerância à glicose foi semelhante àquela que aconteceu no peso da gordura visceral. Conclusão:A CSC determinou menor gordura visceral e formação de mediadores inflamatórios que determinaram melhora do metabolismo glicídico.

  18. Papel de AMPK en la regulación del metabolismo y proliferación celular durante el proceso de tumorogénesis

    OpenAIRE

    Ríos García, Marcos

    2012-01-01

    AMPK es un sensor energético y ha sido relacionado con la inhibición de rutas anabólicas, apoptosis y ciclo celular. Aunque su papel en la homeostasis metabólica está bien documentado, su posible función en cáncer es todavía poco conocida. El principal objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar el papel de AMPK en metabolismo y proliferación de células tumorales, evaluando las implicaciones de dos rutas de señalización celular; Raf/MEK/ERK y PI3K/Akt. Para este fin hemos usado un modelo de gli...

  19. Digestibilidade in vitro de alimentos com inóculos de líquido de rúmen ou de fezes de bovinos In vitro digestibility of foodstuffs with inoculum of bovine feces or ruminal fluid

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudete Regina Alcalde

    2001-05-01

    Full Text Available O presente experimento foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Experimental da Universidade Estadual de Maringá e no Laboratório de Digestibilidade in vitro e Metabolismo Animal do Departamento de Zootecnia (UEM Estado do Paraná, com a finalidade de comparar o líquido de rúmen em dois tipos de colheita (via fístula ruminal ou sonda esofágica com as fezes de bovino em duas diluições, ou seja, 200/200 (tampão/fezes ou 100/300, como inóculos para a determinação da digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS pela metodologia do fermentador ruminal (DAISYII/ANKOM® do farelo de trigo, milho moído, farelo de soja, farelo de canola, feno de Coast-cross e feno de Tifton 85. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (inóculos e três repetições. Os diferentes tipos de inóculos não influenciaram (P > 0,05 nas digestibilidades da matéria seca (DIVMS do farelo de trigo e do milho. Entretanto, as digestibilidades do farelo de soja e do feno de Coast-cross com o inóculo fezes 200/200 foram menores (P The present experiment was developed to compare ruminal fluid collected by ruminal cannula or esophageal probe and bovine feces in two dilutions, 200/200 (buffer/feces or 100/300, as inoculum source, for the determination of in vitro (DAISYII/ANKOM® digestibility of wheat meal, ground corn, soybean and canola meal, and Coast-cross and Tifton 85 hay, with three replications. Different inoculum did not influence (p > 0.05 in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD of wheat meal and ground corn. However, the digestibility of soybean meal and Coast-cross hay with inoculum of feces dilution 200/200 was lower (p < 0.05 than that of the other food. In the case of canola meal and Tifton 85 hay, the IVDMD with inoculum from ruminal cannula and esophageal probe was better (p < 0.05 than the others. Except for canola meal and Tifton 85 hay, the bovine feces as an inoculum source (100/300 was efficient to evaluate IVDMD.

  20. Leucograma e metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos em cabras da raça Saanen nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto

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    Joandes H. Fonteque

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação do leucograma e do metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos em fêmeas caprinas da raça Saanen, nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas de 20 fêmeas nulíparas da raça Saanen, clinicamente sadias por venipunção jugular aos 49 (M1, 42 (M2, 35 (M3, 28 (M4, 21 (M5, 14 (M6, sete (M7, três (M8 dias antes do parto, no dia do parto (M9, três (M10 e sete (M11 dias após o parto, para a realização do leucograma e dosagens séricas de cortisol, estradiol e progesterona. A partir de 28 dias (M4 antes do parto até sete dias do pós-parto (M11 foram colhidas amostras de sangue para a avaliação do metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos por meio do teste de redução do tetrazólio nitroazul (NBT. Os resultados demonstraram que no dia do parto houve aumento nas concentrações séricas de cortisol e estradiol, e diminuição da progesterona, leucocitose por neutrofilia e desvio à esquerda leve, diminuição dos linfócitos, aumento da relação neutrófilo:linfócito, eosinopenia, monocitose e basofilia. No sétimo dia do pós-parto houve leucocitose por neutrofilia e aumento da relação neutrófilo:linfócito. Não houve nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto alterações significativas no metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos. Conclui-se que o parto determina elevação da concentração sérica de cortisol e estradiol, e diminuição da progesterona determinando quadro de leucocitose por neutrofilia e desvio à esquerda leve, com diminuição dos linfócitos, aumento da relação neutróflo:linfócito, eosinopenia, monocitose e basofilia. Ao sétimo dia do pós-parto há leucocitose por neutrofilia, aumento da relação neutrófilo:linfócito e do fibrinogênio. A gestação, o parto e o período do pós-parto não alteram o metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos avaliado por meio do teste de redução do NBT.

  1. Efeito da deficiência dietética de magnésio no metabolismo oxidativo de tecidos de ratos submetidos a protocolo de treinamento periodizado

    OpenAIRE

    Aline Guimarães Amorim

    2007-01-01

    O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se a ingestão de dieta deficiente em magnésio altera o metabolismo oxidativo de ratos submetidos à atividade física moderada. Ratos Wistar machos (peso inicial 280g) foram divididos em controle (SED, n=9), controle exercitado (EX, n=9), marginalmente deficiente em Mg sedentário (MARG, n=9) e deficiente em Mg exercitado (EXMARG, n=9). A dieta controle apresentava 500 mg Mg/kg de ração e a dieta deficiente em Mg tinha 200 mg Mg/kg de ração. Os an...

  2. Genes relacionados ao metabolismo dos fosfolípides como fatores de risco para o transtorno afetivo bipolar

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    Meira-Lima Ivanor V

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Os estudos de epidemiologia genética fornecem consistente evidência de que o componente genético tem um papel preponderante no risco para o Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar (TAB, embora genes de vulnerabilidade ainda não tenham sido identificados de forma inequívoca. Nesta atualização os autores apresentam dados demonstrando que os fosfolípides exercem um relevante papel nos processos de sinalização intracelular e que estudos da neuroquímica dos estabilizadores do humor convergem em apontar para uma ação destas drogas nas vias de transdução de sinais reguladas pelas fosfolipases. Concluem que investigações de variantes nos genes que codificam enzimas do metabolismo dos fosfolípides como potenciais genes de susceptibilidade podem ampliar o conhecimento acerca dos fatores de risco e dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos no surgimento destes transtornos do humor.

  3. PCR-based detection of bacterial DNA after antimicrobial treatment is indicative of persistent, viable bacteria in the chinchilla model of otitis media.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Post, J C; Aul, J J; White, G J; Wadowsky, R M; Zavoral, T; Tabari, R; Kerber, B; Doyle, W J; Ehrlich, G D

    1996-01-01

    Bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been previously detected by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) in a significant percentage of culturally-sterile pediatric middle-ear effusions. The current study was designed to determine whether this represents the existence of viable bacteria or the persistence of residual DNA in the middle-ear cleft. The middle-ear cavities of two sets of chinchillas were inoculated with either: 1) 100 colony-forming units (CFU) of live Haemophilus influenzae, 2.2 x 10(6) CFU of pasteurized Moraxella catarrhalis, and 1000 ng of DNA (>10(8) genomic equivalents) from Streptococcus pneumoniae; or 2) 100 CFU of live S pneumoniae, 2.2 x 10(6) CFU of pasteurized M catarrhalis and 1000 ng of purified DNA from H influenzae. Animals were treated with ampicillin for 5 days beginning on day 3. A single-point longitudinal study design was used for sampling to eliminate the possibility of contamination. No DNA was detectable from the heat-killed bacteria or the purified DNA after day 3. However, DNA from the live bacteria persisted through day 21, even though all specimens were culture-negative following the initiation of antimicrobial therapy. These findings indicate that purified DNA and DNA from intact but nonviable bacteria do not persist in the middle-ear cleft in the presence of an effusion, even following high copy inoculation. In contrast, antibiotic-treated bacteria persist in some viable state for weeks as evidenced by the differential ability of the PCR-based assay systems to detect the live bacteria, but not detect the heat-killed organisms.

  4. Metabolismo del Ejercicio; Propuesta didáctica para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la glucólisis y el ciclo de Krebs

    OpenAIRE

    Ávila Jiménez, Andrés Alberto

    2012-01-01

    Este trabajo presenta una propuesta didáctica para la enseñanza aprendizaje de la Glucólisis y el Ciclo de Krebs del curso de bioquímica dirigido a estudiantes de primer semestre de la carrera de Cinética Humana y Fisioterapia de la Institución Universitaria Iberoamericana, mediante el diseño de una Unidad Didáctica, abordada desde el estudio de la Glucólisis y el Ciclo de Krebs y sus correlación con la fisiología del deporte y el metabolismo del ejercicio, esta diseñada desde el modelo de re...

  5. Avaliação do efeito do exercício físico no metabolismo de ratas diabéticas prenhes Evaluación del efecto del ejercicio físico en el metabolismo de ratonas diabéticas preñadas Evaluation of the effect of physical exercise in the metabolism of pregnant diabetic rats

    OpenAIRE

    Gustavo Tadeu Volpato; Débora Cristina Damasceno; Kleber Eduardo de Campos; Renato Rocha; Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge; Iracema de Mattos Paranhos Calderon

    2006-01-01

    O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a prática do exercício físico (natação), iniciada em diferentes momentos da prenhez de ratas diabéticas, promove alterações no metabolismo materno. Após confirmação do diabete, induzido por Streptozotocin, ratas Wistar foram acasaladas e randomizadas em três grupos (n = 13 ratas/grupo): não-praticante (G1) ou praticante de exercício desde o dia zero (G2) ou sétimo dia (G3) de prenhez. O exercício consistiu de um programa de natação com intensidade mode...

  6. ESTUDIO CASOS-CONTROL DE MARCADORES DE ESTRÉS OXIDATIVO Y METABOLISMO DEL HIERRO PLASMÁTICO EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSON

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosa Larumbe Ilundáin

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: Existe cada vez m s evidencia de la implicaci n de mecanismos de estr s oxidativo en la enfermedad de Parkinson. Se han descrito en la sustancia negra niveles menores de GSH, aumento del dep sito de hierro, aumento de los productos derivados de la peroxidaci n lip dica y alteraciones del complejo I mitocondrial. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios de niveles de antioxidantes en sangre perif rica y de la influencia del consumo de nutrientes en el desarrollo de la enfermedad. M todos: Se estudia en un grupo de 79 pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson idiop tica y en un grupo control de 107 sujetos, equiparados por edad, sexo y lugar de residencia, los niveles plasm ticos de: Glutati n reducido (GSH, Malonildialdeh do (MDA, cido rico, tocoferol, -caroteno, licopeno y diversos par metros del metabolismo del hierro. As mismo, se estima el consumo de ciertos antioxidantes a partir de una encuesta diet tica. Resultados: Hemos encontrado diferencias significativas (p 0,001 en los niveles plasm ticos de GSH entre casos (0,10 mol/ml 0,06 y controles (0,29 mol/ml 0,12. De igual modo, los niveles de cido rico en plasma fueron m s bajos (p 0,05 en los casos (4,96 mg/ml 1,96 que en los controles (5,39 mg/ml 1,13. No hemos encontrado diferencias significativas de los niveles plasm ticos de MDA, tocoferol, -caroteno y licopeno. Respecto al metabolismo del hierro, en los pacientes con EP encontramos valores de ferritina y de transferrina significativamente mayores que en los controles, con un ndice de saturaci n de la transferrina menor (p 0,05. El hierro no mostr cambios significativos entre casos y controles. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio apoyan la posible implicaci n del estr s oxidativo en la patog nesis de la enfermedad de Parkinson y, a la vez, evidencian alteraciones de algunos par metros en sangre perif rica en concordancia con hallazgos conocidos en la sustancia negra.

  7. Estudio de polimorfismos genéticos implicados en el metabolismo de hormonas sexuales y su asociación con Abortos Espontáneos de causa desconocida.

    OpenAIRE

    Pérez Nevot, Beatriz

    2016-01-01

    En este trabajo nos hemos centrado en el estudio de 8 polimorfismos relacionados con el metabolismo de las hormonas sexuales en el feto y su relación con los abortos espontáneos de causa desconocida, bajo la hipótesis de que un desequilibrio en la producción de hormonas sexuales en el feto está implicado en la interrupción de la gestación. Para ello se seleccionaron muestras de tejido fetal procedentes de abortos espontáneos de causa desconocida y se estudiaron varios polimorfismos de dos enz...

  8. Influence of gamma radiation on the growth and metabolism in vitro culture of potato parenchyma; Influencia de la radiacion gamma sobre el desarrollo y metabolismo del parenquina amilifero de patata cultado in vitro

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fernandez Gonzalez, J; Monzon Matanzo, M P

    1977-07-01

    The present work studies the growth in vitro of the parenchyma tissues coming from control and irradiated potato tubers with doses of 3, 6, 9 and 12 Krad. At the end of a four months cultivation period the cellular proliferation, respiratory activity, content in ascorbic acid, conductivity and ph was studied. Some differences between control and irradiated tissues were observed. (Author) 22 refs.

  9. Ingestão de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e metabolismo lipídico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lílian Lelis Lopes

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Resumo Esta revisão teve como objetivo apresentar e discutir os achados mais recentes do efeito dos ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGMI sobre marcadores plasmáticos do metabolismo lipídico em estudos pós-prandiais e de intervenção clínica nutricional. Realizou-se busca em diferentes bases de dados entre 2010 e 2014, usando os seguintes termos de indexação: MUFA, Lipemia, Lipid Metabolism, Triglycerides e Postprandial. O consumo de refeição com alto conteúdo de AGMI tem demonstrado efeito benéfico na resposta lipidêmica pós-prandial, mas se essa resposta pode ser alterada em indivíduos com excesso de peso e/ou outras doenças crônicas após consumo de AGMI, ainda não está totalmente elucidado. De modo geral, após a intervenção com AGMI, os fatores de risco cardiovascular diminuíram, além de haver melhora no perfil lipídico. Em conclusão, os estudos recentes têm demonstrado um efeito benéfico do consumo de AGMI em curto e longo prazos, mediante aumento/manutenção das concentrações de HDL colesterol e diminuição do LDL colesterol.

  10. Nutritional changes in powdered red pepper upon in vitro infection of Aspergillus flavus Alterações nutricionais em pimenta vermelha em pó após infecção in vitro com Aspergillus flavus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Smita Tripathi

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available Quantitative losses in various biochemical constituents like capsaicin, carotenes, ascorbic acid, polyphenols, mineral matter, sugars (soluble and insoluble, protein and fat were estimated after the successful growth of Aspergillus flavus for 30 days on powdered red pepper. The fungal biomass was measured by ergosterol content and Aflatoxin B1 by HPLC. Amongst the various nutritional constituents evaluated for nutritional losses and changes the highest nutritional loss was reported in total carotenoids (88.55% followed by total sugars (85.5%. The protein content of the infected sample increased from 18.01% to 23%. The nutritional profile of chilli powder (Capsicum annum var. sannam L. shows highest share of total soluble sugars (32.89% and fiber content (21.05%, followed by protein (18.01% and fat (13.32% making it an ideal solid - substrate for mould growth. At the end of incubation the fungal biomass was 192. 25 mg / 100 gram powder, total plate count 17.5 X 10 4 CFU/g and Aflatoxin B1 content was 30.06 µg / kg.Foram avaliadas as perdas de vários constituintes bioquímicos como capsaicina, carotenos, acido ascórbico, polifenóis, matéria orgânica, açucares (solúveis e insolúveis, proteína e gordura em pimenta vermelha em pó após a multiplicação de Aspergillus flavus por 30 dias. A biomassa fúngica foi mensurada pelo conteúdo de ergosterol e aflatoxina por HPLC. Entre os vários constituintes avaliados, a maior perda foi a de carotenóides totais (88,55%, seguido de açucares totais (85,5%. O conteúdo protéico da amostra infectada aumentou de 18,01% para 23%. O perfil nutricional da pimenta em pó (Capsicum annum var. sannam L. indica alto teor de açucares totais (32,89% e fibras (21,05%, seguido de proteína (18,01% e gordura (13,32%, tornando-a um substrato ideal para crescimento de fungos. Ao final dos 30 dias, a biomassa fúngica foi 192,25 mg/100g, a contagem total em placas foi 17,5 x 10(4 CFU/g e o conteúdo de

  11. Classificação Macroscópica, identificação da microbiota fúngica e produção de aflatoxinas em híbridos de milho Macroscopic classification, identification of fungal microbiota and aflatoxins production in corn hybrids

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Dilkin

    2000-03-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de medir o potencial de resistência de 5 diferentes híbridos de milho, logo após a colheita, ao crescimento de fungos e produção de aflatoxinas (AFs, foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: 1 aspecto macroscópico dos grãos, sendo os grãos de cada híbrido classificados como íntegros, danificados por insetos (DI ou danificados por fungos (DF; 2 contaminação fúngica dos híbridos; 3 potencial para resistência à produção de AFs, através do cultivo de Aspergillus parasiticus, linhagem NRRL 2999, sobre grãos de cada híbrido estudado; 4 consumo de matéria seca dos híbridos pelo cultivo fúngico. Como resultado, observou-se que 38% do milho de todos os híbridos apresentaram comprometimento macroscópico, sendo 26,7% DI e 11,3% DF. Os híbridos recém-colhidos apresentaram contaminação fúngica por Penicillium sp. (14,3%; Aspergillus sp. (23,6% e Fusarium sp. (57,1%. O potencial de produzir AFs pelos diferentes híbridos em cultivos por 5 e 10 dias apresentou diferença somente com relação à aflatoxina G2 em cultivos por 5 dias. A média de consumo de matéria seca dos híbridos de milho foi de 1,25 e 2,69% submetidos ao cultivo de fungos por períodos de 5 e 10 dias, respectivamente.To determine the resistance of five different recently harvested corn hybrids to fungal growth and aflatoxins (AFs production the following parameters were measured: 1 Macroscopic aspect of the grain and each hybrid classified as whole, damaged by insects (DI or damaged by fungi (DF; 2 Fungal contamination of hybrids 3 Resistance to AFs production, through the culture of Aspergillus parasiticus, NRRL 2999 strain, on each hybrid grain studied and 4 Consumption of dry matter of hybrids by the fungal culture. It was observad that 38% of all corn hybrids had macroscopic damage, being 26.7% DI and 11.3% DF. The recently harvested hybrids showed fungal contamination by Penicillium sp. (14.3%; Aspergillus sp. (23.6% and Fusarium sp. (57

  12. Efecto de budesonida sobre la densidad y el metabolismo óseo en niños asmáticos

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    Paoli de Valeri Mariela

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar el efecto de la administración de budesonida inhalado sobre la densidad, el contenido mineral y el metabolismo óseo en niños asmáticos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado de septiembre de 1996 a julio de 1997, en el que se estudiaron 38 niños y niñas de entre 6 y 11 años de edad, seleccionados de la consulta externa de neumonología infantil del Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela. Se constituyeron tres grupos: nueve niños asmáticos tratados con budesonida inhalado (300 µg/día en promedio durante más de seis meses, (grupo A, 14 niños asmáticos que no recibieron tratamiento esteroideo (grupo B y 15 niños no asmáticos (grupo C. A todos se les practicó una evaluación ósea con marcadores de formación y resorción y con una medición de la densidad (DMO y el contenido mineral óseo (CMO. Se calcularon medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión, se realizó análisis de varianza, y se utilizaron las pruebas de Fisher y Scheffé para comparación de medias. RESULTADOS: En los grupos estudiados (A, B y C los niveles séricos de calcio fueron 9.1±0.3; 9.6±0.4; 9.3±0.6 mg/ml; los de osteocalcina fueron 14.8±4.6; 13.0±2.5; 11.9±3.4 ng/dl; los de telopéptido carboxiterminal del colágeno tipo I (ICTP fueron 19.6±16.5; 14.2±15.4; 13.0±18.3 µg/l; la DMO fue de 0.67±0.06; 0.68±0.06; 0.69±0.06 g/cm², y el CMO fue de 1 158.8±217.4; 1 106.4±256.1; 1 176.5±240.5 g, respectivamente. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos. CONCLUSIONES: La administración de budesonida inhalada en dosis de 100 a 400 µg/día por un periodo de seis meses no produce modificaciones en la densidad y en el metabolismo óseo en niños asmáticos.

  13. Identification of Toxigenic Fungi And its Respective Toxins in Dark Raisins Commercialized in Votuporanga- SP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Fernandes Santos

    2015-06-01

    presence of A. niger and Penicillium spp were detected, the first ones being producers of ocratoxina and A. flavus, the producer of aflatoxina. Therefore the research showed the contamination by toxigenic fungi in the collected samples in 82% of the evaluated establishments.

  14. Nuevos conocimientos sobre el metabolismo del hierro New knowledge of iron metabolism

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    Mariela Forrellat Barrios

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available El hierro es un mineral de elevada importancia para el organismo y su regulación requiere de una red molecular compleja. Hasta hace unos años solo se conocían 3 proteínas que intervenían en el metabolismo del hierro, pero en la última década, se han descubierto de forma secuencial, y a partir del estudio de algunas enfermedades genéticas como la hemocromatosis hereditaria, nuevas proteínas que participan en la homeostasia del hierro y que están implicadas en su transporte, absorción, reciclaje y balance en el organismo. La identificación y aislamiento de estas proteínas lleva inevitablemente a la modificación de los modelos clásicos de regulación de la homeostasia de este importante mineral. En este trabajo se realizó una revisión de los elementos esenciales conocidos hasta la actualidad de cada una de estas nuevas proteínas y la interacción entre ellasIron is a very important mineral for the organism and its regulation requires a complex molecular network. Only 3 proteins that took part in iron metabolism were known a few years ago, but in the last decade, new proteins that participate in iron homeostasis and that are involved in its transportation, absorption, recycling and balance in the organism have been discovered in a sequential way, starting from the study of some genetical diseases, such as hereditary hemochromatosis. The identification and isolation of these proteins lead inevitably to the modification of the classical models of regulation of the homeostasis of this powerful mineral. A review of the esential elements known up to now of each of these new proteins and the interaction among them was made in this paper

  15. Dps promotes survival of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in biofilm communities in vitro and resistance to clearance in vivo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pang, Bing; Hong, Wenzhou; Kock, Nancy D; Swords, W Edward

    2012-01-01

    Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a common airway commensal and opportunistic pathogen that persists within surface-attached biofilm communities. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that bacterial stress-responses are activated within biofilms. Transcripts for several factors associated with bacterial resistance to environmental stress were increased in biofilm cultures as compared to planktonic cultures. Among these, a homolog of the DNA-binding protein from starved cells (dps) was chosen for further study. An isogenic NTHi 86-028NP dps mutant was generated and tested for resistance to environmental stress, revealing a significant survival defects in high-iron conditions, which was mediated by oxidative stress and was restored by genetic complementation. As expected, NTHi 86-028NP dps had a general stress-response defect, exhibiting decreased resistance to many types of environmental stress. While no differences were observed in density and structure of NTHi 86-028NP and NTHi 86-028NP dps biofilms, bacterial survival was decreased in NTHi 86-028NP dps biofilms as compared to the parental strain. The role of dps persistence in vivo was tested in animal infection studies. NTHi 86-028NP dps had decreased resistance to clearance after pulmonary infection of elastase-treated mice as compared to NTHi 86-028NP, whereas minimal differences were observed in clearance from mock-treated mice. Similarly, lower numbers of NTHi 86-028NP dps were recovered from middle-ear effusions and bullar homogenates in the chinchilla model for otitis media (OM). Therefore, we conclude that Dps promotes bacterial survival within NTHi biofilm communities both in vitro and in chronic infections in vivo.

  16. Dps promotes survival of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in biofilm communities in vitro and resistance to clearance in vivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bing ePang

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi is a common airway commensal and opportunistic pathogen that persists within surface-attached biofilm communities. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that bacterial stress-responses are activated within biofilms. Transcripts for several factors associated with bacterial resistance to environmental stress were increased in biofilm cultures as compared to planktonic cultures. Among these, a homolog of the DNA-binding protein from starved cells (dps was chosen for further study. An isogenic NTHi 86-028NP dps mutant was generated and tested for resistance to environmental stress, revealing a significant survival defects in high-iron conditions, which was mediated by oxidative stress and was restored by genetic complementation. As expected, NTHi 86-028NP dps had a general stress-response defect, exhibiting decreased resistance to many types of environmental stress. While no differences were observed in density and structure of NTHi 86-028NP and NTHi 86-028NP dps biofilms, bacterial survival was decreased in NTHi 86-028NP dps biofilms as compared to the parental strain. The role of dps persistence in vivo was tested in animal infection studies. NTHi 86-028NP dps had decreased resistance to clearance after pulmonary infection of elastase-treated mice as compared to NTHi 86-028NP, whereas minimal differences were observed in clearance from mock-treated mice. Similarly, lower numbers of NTHi 86-028NP dps were recovered from middle-ear effusions and bullar homogenates in the chinchilla model for otitis media. Therefore, we conclude that Dps promotes bacterial survival within NTHi biofilm communities both in vitro and in chronic infections in vivo.

  17. El factor de necrosis tumoral-α, la resistencia a la insulina, el metabolismo de lipoproteínas y la obesidad en humanos Tumor necrosis factor-α, insulin resistance, the lipoprotein metabolism and obesity in humans

    OpenAIRE

    M.ª M. Ramírez Alvarado; C. Sánchez Roitz

    2012-01-01

    En la obesidad el tejido adiposo produce moléculas proinflamatorias como el Factor de Necrosis tumoral-α, que tiene efectos locales en la fisiología del adipocito y efectos sistémicos en otros órganos. Muchos estudios relacionando TNF-α, obesidad, resistencia a la insulina y metabolismo lipídico se han realizado en ratas, conejos y perros, pero los resultados observados en varios de estos estudios han sido contradictorios y muchos de ellos no se han logrado reproducir en humanos, lo...

  18. Penicillium expansum versus antagonist yeasts and patulin degradation in vitro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandre Rodrigo Coelho

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available Taking into account the preliminary antagonistic/biodegradation property showed by Pichia membranifaciens and Sporobolomyces roseus, which decreased the initial patulin concentration of 588.4 to 290.0 µg/mL, ability of P. ohmeri 158 in biocontrol against Penicillium expansum and patulin decrease in vitro was performed. The culture supernatant of P. ohmeri 158 was effective against 66.17% micelial growth, indicating antibiosis related with the killer phenomenon. The initial patulin concentration of 223 µg in the presence of P. ohmeri 158 cells was decreased over 83% of the original concentration, when incubated at 25ºC/2 days and > 99% after 5 days incubation time, with undetectable patulin level after 15 days. The initial pH 4.0 decreased to pH 3.3 along 15 days experiment, suggesting that patulin decrease was an active process and a consequence of yeast metabolism. The results suggested that P. ohmeri 158 could be a promising alternative for the inhibition of P. expansum growth and patulin degradation.Considerando o antagonismo e degradação de patulina detectados em Pichia membranifaciens e Sporobolomyces roseus no estudo preliminar, este trabalho avaliou o efeito antagônico de Pichia ohmeri 158 no desenvolvimento de Penicillium expansum e a degradação de patulina "in vitro". O sobrenadante do cultivo de P. ohmeri 158 inibiu 66,17% do desenvolvimento micelial, indicando antibiose relacionada ao fator killer. A concentração inicial de patulina (223 µg na presença de células íntegras de P. ohmeri foi reduzida em mais de 83% após dois dias de incubação a 25ºC e superior a 99% após 5 dias, com níveis indetectáveis no 15º dia. O decréscimo do pH 4,0 inicial para pH 3,3 sugeriu que a eliminação de patulina é um processo ativo e uma conseqüência do metabolismo da levedura. Os resultados obtidos concluem que P. ohmeri 158 é uma alternativa promissora na inibição do desenvolvimento de P. expansum e na degradação de

  19. Metabolismo de plantas de cana-de-açúcar cultivadas in vitro sob diferentes concentrações de nitrogênio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Donato Virgínia Maria Tenorio Sabino

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Variedades de cana-de-açúcar (RB 732577, RB 83102, RB 75126, CB 45-3, Caiana e Co 997 foram cultivadas in vitro em meio nutritivo básico MS com diferentes concentrações de N (9,83 mM, 7,37 mM, 4,92 mM, 2,46 mM, 0,49 mM e 0,0 mM, com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência no processo de assimilação desse elemento. Após 45 dias de cultivo, foram determinados os ganhos de biomassa e os teores de amônio, aminoácidos e açúcares solúveis. A variedade Co 997 apresentou maior ganho de biomassa e maior quantidade de N incorporado em aminoácidos livres em relação às demais variedades, sugerindo maior eficiência no processo de assimilação. Os teores mais elevados de amônio foram observados nas variedades RB 83102 e RB 75126, quando cultivadas em meio desprovido de N, mostrando-se menos eficientes no processo de assimilação uma vez que apresentaram os menores valores de aminoácidos livres nas mesmas condições de cultivo.

  20. Avaliação do metabolismo oxidativo e da histopatologia renal e hepática de ovinos intoxicados por cobre e tratados com tetratiomolibdato e vitaminas antioxidantes

    OpenAIRE

    Rebeca Alves Weigel

    2008-01-01

    Para avaliar o benefício da utilização parenteral das vitaminas C e/ou E associadas ao quelante de cobre, tetratiomolibdato de amônio (TTM), na recuperação de ovinos com intoxicação cumulativa por cobre (ICC), foram analisados os parâmetros vitais; o metabolismo oxidativo, através das concentrações séricas de ácido úrico e malondialdeído, atividade sanguínea da glutationa reduzida, habilidade de redução férrica plasmática, atividade urinária de N-acetil-β-D-glucosamidase; peso vivo, hema...

  1. Metabolismo do cálcio na fenilcetonúria Calcium metabolism in phenilke

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabiana Ferreira Martins

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available A Fenilcetonúria é um erro inato do metabolismo do aminoácido fenilalanina. O tratamento é essencialmente dietético e envolve uma restrição severa no consumo de alimentos contendo aminoácido fenilalanina. Embora a alimentação seja complementada com fórmulas a fim de suprir as necessidades de vitaminas, minerais e aminoácidos essenciais, carências nutricionais ainda ocorrem. Isto se deve, principalmente, à restrição de fontes protéicas, que acarreta deficiência na ingestão de diversos nutrientes, dentre eles o cálcio. O cálcio possui importante relação com a formação mineral óssea. Estudos recentes demonstram que portadores de fenilcetonúria apresentam freqüentemente osteopenia e fraturas, sendo a maior incidência em crianças acima de 8 anos de idade. O rápido aumento da estatura, a dieta deficiente em cálcio e níveis de aminoácido fenilalanina elevados têm sido descritos como os principais fatores para a aquisição de massa óssea inadequada. A suplementação de cálcio em crianças saudáveis mostrou um efeito positivo sobre a aquisição de massa óssea na fase da pré-puberdade. Assim, torna-se relevante compreender a necessidade da suplementação de cálcio em pacientes fenilcetonúria, a fim de favorecer o desenvolvimento ósseo esperado.Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. The treatment is essentially dietetic and involves a severe restriction in the consumption of foods containing aminoacid phenylalanine. Although the diet is complemented with supplements in order to meet the vitamin, mineral and essential amino acid requirements, nutritional deficiencies still occur. This is mainly due to restricting the consumption of protein sources, which results in low intake of several nutrients, including calcium. Calcium is strongly related to bone mineral formation. Recent studies have demonstrated that patients with phenylketonuria often present osteopenia and

  2. Avaliação do sistema de monitoramento computadorizado de digestão in vitro: 1. Testes preliminares

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Campos Fábio Prudêncio de

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar o sistema de monitoramento computadorizado da produção de gás in vitro. Essa técnica facilita estudos da degradação das frações solúveis e insolúveis das forragens, quantificadas pela produção de gás (CO2 e CH4 oriunda do metabolismo microbiano e medida por sensor de pressão. Diversas quantidades de amostras (50 a 110 mg de feno de alfafa e outros alimentos foram testadas. Também, a influência da quantidade de líquido ruminal (2,0 ou 3,0 mL, com ou sem barras magnéticas agitadoras nos frascos incubatórios, na digestibilidade de 100 mg de feno de alfafa, foi estudada. A quantidade de 100 mg de amostra, 2,0 mL de líquido ruminal e sem barra magnética agitadora, proporcionou os menores coeficientes de variação na produção de gás. Em conclusão, 2,0 mL de líquido ruminal, sem barra e com 100 mg de amostra, apresentaram maior precisão na curva de digestão.

  3. Estudio comparativo entre la densidad radiológica mediante tomografía computerizada de haz cónico y el metabolismo óseo de los maxilares en pacientes con y sin osteoporosis

    OpenAIRE

    Farré Pagès, Núria

    2017-01-01

    La osteoporosis se define como un trastorno esquelético sistémico. El individuo presenta una masa ósea baja con deterioro de la microarquitectura del tejido óseo, tanto trabecular como cortical, derivando en fragilidad ósea susceptible de fracturas. A nivel del metabolismo óseo, presenta una actividad osteoblástica y osteoclástica alterada. Esta patología se ve influenciada por factores como la edad, el tabaco, la alimentación, alteraciones hormonales, el uso de ciertos medicamentos, o exceso...

  4. Estudio caso-control de marcadores de estrés oxidativo y metabolismo del hierro plasmático en la enfermedad de Parkinson

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Larumbe Ilundáin Rosa

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento:- Existe cada vez más evidencia de la implicación de mecanismos de estrés oxidativo en la enfermedad de Parkinson. Se han descrito en la sustancia negra niveles menores de GSH, aumento del depósito de hierro, aumento de los productos derivados de la peroxidación lipídica y alteraciones del complejo I mitocondrial. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios de niveles de antioxidantes en sangre periférica y de la influencia del consumo de nutrientes en el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Métodos: Se estudia en un grupo de 79 pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson idiopática y en un grupo control de 107 sujetos, equiparados por edad, sexo y lugar de residencia, los niveles plasmáticos de: Glutatión reducido (GSH, Malonildialdehído (MDA, ácido úrico, tocoferol, b-caroteno, licopeno y diversos parámetros del metabolismo del hierro. Así mismo, se estima el consumo de ciertos antioxidantes a partir de una encuesta dietética. Resultados: Hemos encontrado diferencias significativas (p<=0,001 en los niveles plasmáticos de GSH entre casos (0,10 mmol/ml ± 0,06 y controles (0,29 mmol/ml ± 0,12. De igual modo, los niveles de ácido úrico en plasma fueron más bajos (p<=0,05 en los casos (4,96 mg/ml ± 1,96 que en los controles (5,39 mg/ml±1,13. No hemos encontrado diferencias significativas de los niveles plasmáticos de MDA, tocoferol, b-caroteno y licopeno. Respecto al metabolismo del hierro, en los pacientes con EP encontramos valores de ferritina y de transferrina significativamente mayores que en los controles, con un índice de saturación de la transferrina menor (p<=0,05. El hierro no mostró cambios significativos entre casos y controles. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio apoyan la posible implicación del estrés oxidativo en la patogénesis de la enfermedad de Parkinson y, a la vez, evidencian alteraciones de algunos parámetros en sangre periférica en concordancia con hallazgos conocidos en la sustancia negra.

  5. EFECTO DE LA UTILIZACIÓN DE DIFERENTES SUSTRATOS COMPARTIMENTADOS POR NEURONAS Y ASTROCITOS, SOBRE LA CONCENTRACIÓN DE CALCIO EXTRA E INTRACELULAR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elsa Guzmán de Aristizábal

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available El mecanismo de intercambio de sustratos entre neuronas y astrocitos, no es claro y menos claro es, si los efectos metabólicos en las células receptoras, son resultado de señalización por calcio. Se plantea la posibilidad de que existan señales entre neuronas y astrocitos que relacionen su funcionamiento metabólico a través de las concentraciones de calcio. La concentración de calcio se midió por absorción atómica en el medio intra y extracelular de cultivos primarios de neuronas y astrocitos y posteriormente en el medio intra y extracelular después de una hora de incubación con lactato, glutamato, glutamina y acetato a concentraciones fisiológicas. Las comparaciones estadísticas se efectuaron con ANOVA y Duncan (p < 0.05. Se hicieron 3 replicaciones de cada experimento con 5 repeticiones. Los resultados permiten afirmar que al hacer incubaciones in vitro con los sustratos, se producen variaciones en las concentraciones de calcio extra é intracelular. El estrés metabólico puede estar influyendo en estas variaciones. Adicionalmente, se demuestra que los astrocitos son menos dependientes del calcio extracelular que las neuronas. Las variaciones del calcio intracelular pueden incrementar el metabolismo de estas células y acelerar el metabolismo mitocondrial. Se postula que cambios en la concentración de calcio afectan el metabolis-mo de células excitables en incubaciones in vitro usando diferentes sustratos.

  6. Sucrose metabolizing enzymes in cell suspension cultures of Bauhinia forficata, Curcuma zedoaria and Phaseolus vulgaris Enzimas do metabolismo da sacarose em cultura celular de Bauhinia forficata, Curcuma zedoaria e Phaseolus vulgaris

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcia Ometto de Mello

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this work was to study the activity of sucrose metabolizing enzymes in extracts of cell suspension cultures of Bauhinia forficata Link, Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe and Phaseolus vulgaris L. Invertase pathway was identified in the three studied species. Sucrose synthase pathway was also responsible for sucrose metabolism in Curcuma zedoaria and Phaseolus vulgaris cells. Activity values higher than 300 nmol min-1 mg-1 of protein were found for acid and neutral invertases, UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase and phosphoglucomutase in the cell extract of the three plant species. Sucrose synthase showed low activity in Bauhinia forficata cells. As sucrose concentration in the culture medium decreased, sucrose synthase activity increased in C. zedoaria and P. vulgaris cells. The glycolytic enzymes activity gradually reduced at the end of the culture period, when carbohydrate was limited.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as enzimas do metabolismo da sacarose em culturas de célula em suspensão de Bauhinia forficata Link, Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe e Phaseolus vulgaris L. A via da invertase foi identificada nas três espécies estudadas. A via da sacarose sintase também foi responsável pelo metabolismo da sacarose em células de Curcuma zedoaria e Phaseolus vulgaris. Foram encontradas atividades maiores que 300 nmol min-1 mg-1 de proteína das enzimas invertase ácida e alcalina, UDPglicose pirofosforilase e fosfoglicomutase no extrato celular das três espécies de plantas. A sacarose sintase mostrou atividade baixa nas células de Bauhinia forficata. À medida que a concentração de sacarose no meio de cultura diminuiu, a atividade da sacarose sintase aumentou em células de Curcuma zedoaria e Phaseolus vulgaris. Ao final do período de cultura, quando os carboidratos se tornaram limitantes, as atividades das enzimas glicolíticas reduziram-se gradualmente.

  7. Sampling plan for the analysis of aflatoxin in peanuts and corn: an update Sistema de amostragem para análise de aflatoxinas em amendoim e milho: uma atualização

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Homero Fonseca

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this paper was to update the sampling plan for analysis of mycotoxins in grains, formerly published by the author. The proposed alterations were based on the acquired experience on its application and on FAO recommendations. This update restricts the scope of the former plan and establishes a sampling plan for analysis of aflatoxin in peanuts and corn, by means of modified formulas, the minimum number of sacks or points (when in bulk from which incremental samples should be drawn to make a bulk sample. Fractional exponents (square roots of the formulas proportionally decrease the number of sacks/points to be sampled as the lot size increases. Operating Characteristic (OC curves developed for in-shell and shelled peanuts and corn as well as trend curves of the coefficient variation for different sample sizes (weights are presented.O objetivo deste trabalho foi atualizar a metodologia de amostragem para análise de micotoxinas em grãos, anteriormente publicada pelo autor. As alterações propostas tiveram por base a experiência adquirida na sua utilização e em recomendações da FAO. Esta atualização restringe a aplicação do método anterior e estabelece um plano de amostragem para análise de aflatoxina em amendoim e em milho por meio de fórmulas modificadas, o mínimo de sacos ou pontos (quando a granel dos quais devem ser retiradas amostras incrementais para constituir uma amostra. Expoentes fracionários (raiz quadrada das fórmulas diminuem proporcionalmente o número de sacos/pontos a serem amostrados, à medida que o lote aumenta de tamanho. Curvas de operação característica (OC desenvolvidas para amendoim em casca e descascado e milho, bem como curvas de tendência dos coeficientes de variação, para diferentes tamanhos de amostra (peso, são apresentadas.

  8. ¿Son los errores congénitos del metabolismo causa prevenible de muerte súbita?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Álvarez Fumero

    Full Text Available El síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante (SMSL no es un proceso aislado, sino un hecho multifactorial y multicausal, del cual cada día se restan alteraciones potencialmente diagnosticables, para pasar a ser un diagnóstico de exclusión. Algunos errores congénitos del metabolismo (ECM han sido asociados al SMSL y/o a episodios aparentemente letales EAL, aunque la mayoría de ellos suelen tener alguna expresión clínica que los hace potencialmente diagnosticables antes de la muerte, lo que permite ser descartados de entre las causas del SMSL. De ellos, los más estrechamente relacionados con el SMSL son los trastornos de la betaoxidación mitocondrial de ácidos grasos. Solo del 3 al 5 % de los SMSL pueden guardar relación con ECM. El mayor impacto que representa el conocimiento de la asociación de SMSL y estos trastornos, es precisamente la posibilidad de su prevención. El personal médico debe conocer que la más eficiente forma de prevenir el SMSL relacionado con los ECM, es la búsqueda activa de lactantes de riesgo al realizar una exhaustiva anamnesis. Estos casos deben ser objeto de estudios metabólicos especializados, para lo cual es imprescindible conocer los requisitos de obtención, conservación y traslado de muestras al Laboratorio de Referencia.

  9. Nat in N tural occu Nigeria urrence o of aflatoxi in residue es in fresh ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    raoul

    y, the Po ve generally ture of the N animals are e through m domly from ... effects like aflatoxicosis, exacerbated malnutrition, suppression of growth and immune ... occasional high profile incidents of acute poisoning outbreak, mycotoxins ... As a result, mycotoxins presence in food represents a constant health risk for man.

  10. Efficacy of beer fermentation residue containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells for ameliorating aflatoxicosis in broilers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bovo, F; Franco, L T; Kobashigawa, E; Rottinghaus, G E; Ledoux, D R; Oliveira, C A F

    2015-05-01

    This study aimed to determine the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) binding capacity of a beer fermentation residue (BFR) containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, and the efficacy of BFR to ameliorate the toxic effects of AFB1 on performance, serum biochemistry, and histology of broilers. The BFR was collected from a microbrewery, and the yeast cells were counted, dried, and milled before it was used in the study. In vitro evaluation of the BFR was conducted using different concentrations of AFB1 (2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, and 32.0 μg AFB1/mL) and 100 mg/10 mL of BFR at pH 3.0 or 6.0. Two hundred 1-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were assigned to chick batteries and allowed ad libitum access to feed and water. A completely randomized design was used with 5 replicate pens of 5 chicks assigned to each of 4 dietary treatments from hatch to 21 d, which included: 1) basal diet (BD), with no BFR or AFB1; 2) BD supplemented with 1% BFR; 3) BD supplemented with 2 mg AFB1/kg of feed; and 4) BD supplemented with 2 mg AFB1/kg feed and 1% BFR. Performance variables were determined weekly, while serum analyses were performed on d 14 and 21. At the end of the study, chicks were anesthetized with carbon dioxide, euthanized by cervical dislocation, and the kidney, liver, and bursa of Fabricius were removed for determination of relative weights, and for histological evaluation. In vitro assays showed that the higher the initial AFB1 concentration in solution, the greater the AFB1 amount adsorbed by BFR at both pHs tested. Feed intake, BW gain, and concentrations of albumin, total protein, and globulin increased (P < 0.05) in broilers fed BFR+AFB1 (Diet 4), when compared to the birds receiving only AFB1 (Diet 2). Although BFR was not able to reduce or prevent the effects of AFB1 on relative weights of kidneys and liver, it reduced the severity of histological changes in the liver and kidney caused by AFB1. © 2015 Poultry Science Association Inc.

  11. Strengthening foodborne disease surveillance in the WHO African

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    OMS

    2012-06-04

    Jun 4, 2012 ... region including acute aflatoxicosis in Kenya in 2004 and bromide poisoning in ... Global Food Infections Network (GFN), has been supporting countries to strengthen ... The surveillance system uses standard case definitions for classifying .... Figure 4: Participating countries and training sites for foodborne.

  12. El sistema citocromo P450 y el metabolismo de xenobióticos

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    Julio César Rodríguez González

    Full Text Available Los organismos están constantemente expuestos a una gran variedad de xenobióticos. Las enzimas citocromo P450 participan en la fase I del metabolismo de xenobióticos, incluyendo los fármacos, y en funciones biosintéticas endógenas por reacciones de oxidación, reducción e hidrólisis. En el hombre se estima que pueden metabolizar hasta dos tercios de las drogas y la mayor parte de estas reacciones ocurre en el hígado. Estas enzimas se encuentran en todos los reinos biológicos. Actualmente se conocen más de 18 000 genes citocromo P450 organizados en familias y subfamilias según el porcentaje de identidad de secuencia de sus aminoácidos, y este número aumenta cada año con el hallazgo de nuevas secuencias del genoma. Ellas son una superfamilia de hemoproteínas monooxidasas del sistema oxidasa de función mixta localizadas en las membranas del retículo endoplasmático liso y mitocondrial interna. La diversidad de reacciones que cataliza y su amplia especificidad de sustrato lo destacan como uno de los catalizadores más diversos y versátiles conocidos y juega un papel crítico en la bioquímica, farmacología y toxicología. Se realizó una búsqueda por palabras clave en las bases de datos Pubmed y Medscape en los últimos diez años. También se consultaron sitios de Internet relacionados con investigaciones del citocromo P450 como bases de datos. Esta revisión es una actualización sobre aspectos generales del citocromo P450 y comprende una breve historia de la investigación del citocromo P450, su sistema de nomenclatura estándar; y describe su multiplicidad, la distribución a nivel de órgano y localización subcelular, estructura y función.

  13. Crescimento, metabolismo do carbono e partição de assimilados, em resposta à manipulação da razão fonte:dreno, em Coffea arabica L. sob condições de campo

    OpenAIRE

    Cunha, Roberto Lisboa

    2007-01-01

    Alterações no crescimento vegetativo, nas trocas gasosas, nos parâmetros de fluorescência da clorofila a, no metabolismo de carboidratos e no particionamento do 14carbono, em resposta à manipulação da relação fonte:dreno, foram investigadas em plantas de café cultivadas em campo. Essas manipulações foram realizadas por meio de desfrutificação e desfolhamento controlados, visando-se induzir alterações na capacidade fotossintética das folhas. Os tratamentos consistiram de: (i) remoção de todos ...

  14. Heterotopiese ruimtes van krisis en die natuur se genesende ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Crises heterotopias and nature's healing influence in Chinchilla (Nanette van Rooyen). In this article, Michel Foucault's term crises heterotopia is used to understand and describe the main character's unique experience of particular places in Chinchilla. The article investigates the manner in which nature becomes part of the ...

  15. Comparative Analysis of Aflatoxin Contamination of Maize in Two ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Background: Aflatoxicosis resulting from consumption of contaminated maize poses a significant public health problem in many countries including Kenya, and many people living in developing countries could be chronically exposed to aflatoxin through their diet. It is caused by Aflatoxins produced by fungus of species ...

  16. Parvovirus-derived endogenous viral elements in two South American rodent genomes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arriagada, Gloria; Gifford, Robert J

    2014-10-01

    We describe endogenous viral elements (EVEs) derived from parvoviruses (family Parvoviridae) in the genomes of the long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) and the degu (Octodon degus). The novel EVEs include dependovirus-related elements and representatives of a clearly distinct parvovirus lineage that also has endogenous representatives in marsupial genomes. In the degu, one dependovirus-derived EVE was found to carry an intact reading frame and was differentially expressed in vivo, with increased expression in the liver. Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

  17. Avaliação de biorreguladores no metabolismo secundário de beterrabas inteiras e minimamente processadas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andressa Araujo Picoli

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar o efeito de biorreguladores em beterrabas minimamente processadas e inteiras (não processadas sobre alguns aspectos do metabolismo secundário. Para o processamento mínimo, as beterrabas foram descascadas, sanificadas, sendo em seguida cortadas em retalhos com 2 mm de espessura, enxaguadas e centrifugadas. Nas beterrabas inteiras foram somente retiradas as folhas e os talos e sanificadas. Os tratamentos aplicados foram: etileno 1000 mL L-1, 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP 300 nL L-1 e ácido salicílico 500 mg L-1. Após os tratamentos, as beterrabas foram embaladas e armazenadas a 5 ºC durante 10 dias. As injúrias causadas durante o processamento mínimo induziram o aumento na atividade da fenilalanina amônia-liase (PAL nos tratamentos com etileno e 1-MCP e também o controle. A aplicação de ácido salicílico diminuiu a atividade desta enzima. Os tratamentos aplicados nas beterrabas minimamente processadas e inteiras não influenciaram a concentração de fenóis totais e de betalaínas, mas o teor de betalaínas foi reduzido em mais de 50% em beterraba minimamente processada em comparação com a beterraba inteira.

  18. Alterações hepáticas em codornas japonesas submetidas à intoxicação prolongada por aflatoxina B1 Hepatic changes in japanese quail after long term intoxication by aflatoxin B1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Augusto Fernandes Oliveira

    2004-02-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar os efeitos da aflatoxina B1 (AFB1 sobre as vísceras (fígado, baço e moela de codornas poedeiras japonesas, em condições de exposição a baixas doses, tendo em vista que são poucos os dados de toxicidade de longa duração nesta espécie. Assim, foram constituídos 4 grupos formados, cada um, por 6 codornas de linhagem comercial, as quais receberam rações contendo AFB1 nas concentrações de 0 (controle, 25, 50 e 100mg.kg-1, durante 168 dias. As aves do grupo 100mg kg_1 apresentaram fígados com peso relativo médio menor (p The aim of the present record was to study the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 on selected viscera (liver, spleen and gizzard of laying Japanese quail under conditions of low level exposure, in view of the little information regarding the long term toxicity on this specie. Thus, four experimental groups of six commercial quails were constituted and given rations containing either 0 (controls, 25, 50 or 100mg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1/kg feed, during 168 days. When compared to controls, birds from group 100mg.kg-1 presented low relative liver weight (p < 0.05. Histological changes were observed only in the livers, and all samples from quail exposed to AFB1 revealed moderate to severe hepatic cell vacuolation with fatty change, particularly in birds from groups receiving highest levels of toxin (50 and 100mg.kg-1. Bile duct hyperplasia occurred only in the birds exposed to 100mg.kg-1 of AFB1. The results indicated that long term administration of AFB1 at levels above 50mg.kg-1 can cause significant hepatic lesions in Japanese quail.

  19. Comparison of methods by TLC and HPTLC for determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk and B1 in eggs Comparação de metodologia para análise de aflatoxina M1 em leite e aflatoxina B1 em ovos por CCD e CCDAE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V. M. Scussel

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Milk and egg matrixes were assayed for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1 and B1 (AFB1 respectively, by AOAC official and modified methods with detection and quantification by thin layer chromatography (TLC and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC. The modified methods: Blanc followed by Romer, showed to be most appropriate for AFM1 analysis in milk. Both methods reduced emulsion formation, produced cleaner extracts, no streaking spots, precision and accuracy improved, especially when quantification was performed by HPTLC. The use of ternary mixture in the Blanc Method was advantageous as the solvent could extract AFM1 directly from the first stage (extraction, leaving other compounds in the binary mixture layer, avoiding emulsion formation, thus reducing toxin loss. The relative standard deviation (RSD% values were low, 16 and 7% when TLC and HPTLC were used, with a mean recovery of 94 and 97%, respectively. As far as egg matrix and final extract are concerned, both methods evaluated for AFB1 need further studies. Although that matrix leads to emulsion with consequent loss of toxin, the Romer modified presented a reasonable clean extract (mean recovery of 92 and 96% for TLC and HPTLC, respectively. Most of the methods studied did not performed as expected mainly due to the matrixes high content of triglicerides (rich on saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, carotene and proteins. Although nowadays most methodology for AFM1 is based on HPLC, TLC determination (Blanc and Romer modified for AFM1 and AFB1 is particularly recommended to those, inexperienced in food and feed mycotoxins analysis and especially who cannot afford to purchase sophisticated (HPLC,HPTLC instrumentation.Aflatoxinas M1 (AFM1 e B1 (AFB1 foram analisadas em leite e ovos respectivamente, por diferentes métodos oficiais da AOAC e modificações usando detecção por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD e CCD de alta eficiência (CCDAE. Os métodos modificados: Blanc e Romer

  20. Aflatoxin Levels in Locally Grown Maize from Makueni District, Kenya

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Objectives: Investigations were carried out to determine aflatoxin levels in household maize in Makueni District and to correlate aflatoxin levels to maize drying and storage practices. Also, aflatoxin exposure in villages that reported aflatoxicosis cases in 2005 was compared with that in villages that did not report cases to ...

  1. Effect of partial replacement of growers mash with gliricidia sepium ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    This study was designed to determine the effect of partial replacement of growers mash with Gliricidia sepium leaf meal (GLM) on the growth of chinchilla rabbits and to determine its implication for extension advisory services. In this study, 10 eight weeks old Chinchilla rabbits were used. They were randomly allotted to three ...

  2. Aflatoxin B(1) in affecting broiler's performance, immunity, and gastrointestinal tract: a review of history and contemporary issues.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yunus, Agha W; Razzazi-Fazeli, E; Bohm, Josef

    2011-06-01

    Aflatoxin B(1) is a common contaminant of poultry feeds in tropical and subtropical climates. Research during the last five decades has well established the negative effects of the mycotoxin on health of poultry. However, the last ten years of relevant data have accentuated the potential of low levels of aflatoxin B(1) to deteriorate broiler performance. In this regard, any attempt to establish a dose-effect relationship between aflatoxin B(1) level and broiler performance is also complicated due to differences in types of broilers and length of exposure to the mycotoxin in different studies. Contrary to the prevalent notion regarding literature saturation with respect to aflatoxicosis of chicken, many areas of aflatoxicosis still need to be explored. Literature regarding effects of the mycotoxin on the gastrointestinal tract in this regard is particular scanty and non-conclusive. In addition to these issues, the metabolism of aflatoxin B(1) and recently proposed hypotheses regarding biphasic effects of the mycotoxin in broilers are briefly discussed.

  3. Efeito do Extrato Aquoso de ilex paraguariensis Sobre o Metabolismo de Ratos Machos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriela Lima Pedroso

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Vários estudos têm apontado Ilex paraguariensis (erva-mate como coadjuvante no manejo da obesidade. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar ingestão alimentar, peso corporal, volume da diurese, quantidade de gordura abdominal, triglicérides e colesterol total plasmáticos de ratos Wistar machos tratados com extrato aquoso de Ilex paraguariensis. MÉTODOS: Formaram-se dois grupos de seis animais cada, um controle e outro tratado. O tratado recebia extrato de Ilex paraguariensis e o controle, água para hidratação. Todos receberam ração padrão. Para o preparo do extrato da erva, misturava-se 1 L de água aquecida à 80 ºC e 70 g de erva-mate. Em 15 minutos, essa mistura era coada. Após 8 semanas, os animais foram colocados em gaiolas metabólicas para avaliar a ingestão alimentar e hídrica e o volume de diurese e fezes. Nesse período, foi aferido o peso, foram coletadas amostras de sangue para quantificar triglicérides e colesterol e a gordura abdominal foi dissecada após a morte dos animais. Na análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste t de Student para o tratamento de todos os resultados, e P < 0,05 foi considerado significativo. RESULTADOS: Ingestão alimentar e hídrica, diurese, fezes e peso dos animais não apresentaram qualquer diferença significativa, assim como os níveis de triglicérides. A quantidade de gordura abdominal, assim como os níveis de colesterol, foi significativamente menor nos animais tratados. CONCLUSÃO: O extrato da erva-mate parece ter influência sobre o metabolismo dos lipídios sem interferir no peso corporal nem na ingestão alimentar e hídrica.

  4. IDENTIFICACIÓN Y CUANTIFICACIÓN DE HONGOS MICOTOXIGÉNICOS EN ALIMENTO PARA BOVINOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    René Santibáñez Escobar

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Se identificó y cuantificó cepas fúngicas productoras de micotoxinas y grado de contaminación por aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1 y G2, en alimento para bovinos en el municipio de Zapotlán, El Grande Jalisco, México. Se tomaron muestras de alimento para vacas lecheras y ganado de engorda de 30 unidades productoras. La identificación de las cepas fúngicas productoras de micotoxinas se realizó mediante caracterización macroscópica de colonias cultivadas bajo la técnica de vaciado en placa, y la identificación posterior de la morfología microscópica del hongo, para la cual se aislaron las cepas identificadas mediante la técnica de microcultivo. La cuantificación de cepas fúngicas se realizó mediante el conteo de unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC y clasificadas bajo el criterio de tres escalas; a Recuentos bajos (102-103; b Recuentos moderados (104-105 y c Recuentos altos (106–107. Para la identificación del tipo de aflatoxinas se utilizó la técnica de cromatografía en capa fina. De las muestras procesadas se obtuvieron recuentos de UFC en la siguiente proporción: Recuentos altos (106-107 UFC g-1 56.66%, recuentos moderados: (104-105 UFC g-1 36.66%, recuentos bajos: (102-103 UFC g-1 6.66%. Se aislaron un total de 148 cepas fúngicas, correspondiendo los porcentajes más altos a los siguientes géneros: Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp. y Aspergillus spp. Se detectaron 33.33% de muestras positivas a aflatoxinas, dentro de las cuales se identificaron B1, B2, G1 y G2, todas en alta concentración, con 46.66% de muestras con fluorescencia positiva que no correspondieron a los estándares de aflatoxinas y 20% de muestras negativas.

  5. Investigando princípios de design de uma sequência didática sobre metabolismo energético

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anna Cássia de Holanda Sarmento

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo contempla uma investigação sobre princípios de design de uma sequência didática que visa favorecer a aprendizagem sobre metabolismo energético na primeira série do Ensino Médio. O estudo foi realizado por pesquisadores e professores-investigadores reunidos numa equipe colaborativa. Consideramos, na sequência, critérios de justificação a priori, relativos a aspectos epistemológicos, psicocognitivos e didáticos. Na validação a posteriori, utilizamos pré- e pós-testes, triangulando métodos quantitativos e qualitativos. Os princípios de design incluíram: uso de textos de divulgação científica, contextualização dos assuntos em relação ao cotidiano dos estudantes, processo coletivo e cooperativo de aprendizagem. A intervenção mostrou efeitos positivos dos princípios de design quanto à motivação dos estudantes e à aprendizagem de conteúdos, sobretudo sobre transformações de energia, fermentação e biotecnologia. Contudo, algumas concepções alternativas resistiram a mudanças, especialmente aquelas relativas à fotossíntese e respiração celular, fornecendo indicações para o aprimoramento dos princípios de design e de sua implementação em sala.

  6. Influência da ingestão de espirulina sobre o metabolismo de ratos exercitados Influencia de ingestión de Spirulina sobre el metabolismo de ratones exercitados Influence of spirulina intake on metabolism of exercised rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Puggina Rogatto

    2004-08-01

    de la insulinemia y reducción de los tenores de glicogeno muscular y hepático post-ejercicio. La lactacidemia durante el ejercicio fué superior en el grupo S en relación a C. Se concluye que el padrón de respuestas al ejercicio agudo de los grupos C e S fué semejante. Con todo, la proteína de la dieta parece influir en los aspectos del metabolismo glicídico.In this study we compared the metabolic response to acute exercise among rats fed on a standard diet or on a spirulina diet. Young Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to diet: control (C (standard diet and spirulina (S (spirulina diet. At the end of experimental period (5 weeks rats were submitted to an acute exercise session of swimming (20 minutes, supporting a load corresponding to 5% of body weight to determine blood lactate and serum glucose, insulin, proteins, albumin and fatty free acids (FFA. Gastrocnemius and liver samples were used to determine glycogen and lipids tenors. Both C and S groups showed increase in serum glucose and FFA, a drop in serum insulin and a decrease of muscle and liver glycogen contents after acute exercise. Blood lactate during exercise was higher in S than C rats. It was concluded that the response pattern to acute exercise was similar for C and S rats. However, diet protein seemed to influence aspects of glucose metabolism.

  7. Contribución de las alteraciones del metabolismo lipídico al desarrollo de esteatosis hepática en rata wistar con el envejecimiento. Papel de la señalización hipotalámica de leptina.

    OpenAIRE

    Salamanca Molina, Aurora

    2013-01-01

    El proceso de envejecimiento conlleva el desarrollo de múltiples patologías entre las que se puede destacar el síndrome metabólico por su elevada incidencia entre la población mundial. Este cuadro patológico se puede considerar el reflejo del declive metabólico asociado al envejecimiento y se origina por la pérdida de efectividad de los procesos de regulación del metabolismo que resultan en el desarrollo de sobrepeso, resistencia a insulina, dislipemia e hipertensión. Por todo esto, el síndro...

  8. Human neural tuning estimated from compound action potentials in normal hearing human volunteers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Verschooten, Eric; Desloovere, Christian; Joris, Philip X.

    2015-12-01

    The sharpness of cochlear frequency tuning in humans is debated. Evoked otoacoustic emissions and psychophysical measurements suggest sharper tuning in humans than in laboratory animals [15], but this is disputed based on comparisons of behavioral and electrophysiological measurements across species [14]. Here we used evoked mass potentials to electrophysiologically quantify tuning (Q10) in humans. We combined a notched noise forward masking paradigm [9] with the recording of trans tympanic compound action potentials (CAP) from masked probe tones in awake human and anesthetized monkey (Macaca mulatta). We compare our results to data obtained with the same paradigm in cat and chinchilla [16], and find that CAP-Q10values in human are ˜1.6x higher than in cat and chinchilla and ˜1.3x higher than in monkey. To estimate frequency tuning of single auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) in humans, we derive conversion functions from ANFs in cat, chinchilla, and monkey and apply these to the human CAP measurements. The data suggest that sharp cochlear tuning is a feature of old-world primates.

  9. Alteraciones del Metabolismo óseo y mineral en enfermedad renal crónica pre-diálisis

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    Dr. C. Aquiles Jara

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Las alteraciones del metabolismo mineral y óseo se inician tempranamente en el desarrollo de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC, aunque las modificaciones en los niveles séricos de calcio y fósforo sólo se pueden apreciar en las etapas finales de la ERC debido a los mecanismos adaptativos que ocurren inicialmente. Con la pérdida de función renal ocurre retención de fósforo, lo que estimula la producción del factor de crecimiento fibroblástico 23 (FGF-23 por el hueso. Este factor inhibe la reabsorción de fósforo en el túbulo proximal disminuyendo la expresión de los cotransportadores sodio-fósforo 2a y 2c, lo que provoca una respuesta fosfatúrica, y entonces, normalizando los niveles de fósforo sérico, en una respuesta similar a lo que ocurre con la estimulación de paratohormona (PTH. Sin embargo, a diferencia de PTH, el FGF-23 inhibe la enzima 1-α-hidroxilasa y de este modo disminuye los niveles de calcitriol, lo que explica que la primera alteración mineral que se aprecia en los pacientes con ERC es la caída de los niveles de calcitriol, previo al aumento de PTH, y muy anterior al incremento en los niveles de fósforo sérico. Los eventos cardiovasculares constituyen la principal causa de muerte en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica, tanto en prediálisis como en diálisis crónica, con una mortalidad en hemodiálisis crónica 10–20 veces mayor a la observada en la población general. Se ha demostrado que las alteraciones del metabolismo mineral y óseo son un componente importante en el riesgo cardiovascular de los enfermos con ERC. Hiperfosfemia, PTH e hipercalcemia son factores independientes de riesgo cardiovascular y mortalidad. A su vez, la calcificación vascular en la población con ERC ocurre en forma precoz y progresa rápidamente, en paralelo con una elevada tasa de enfermedad cardiovascular prematura. En el curso de la ERC se ha demostrado que no sólo los niveles de 1,25-(OH2-vitaminaD (calcitriol se

  10. CASHEW PULP MEALS (Anacardium occidentale L. FOR GROWING PIG: NUTRIENT METABOLISM AND PERFORMANCE PSEUDOFRUTO DO CAJUEIRO (Anacardium occidentale L. PARA SUÍNOS EM CRESCIMENTO: METABOLISMO DE NUTRIENTES E DESEMPENHO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo Atta Farias

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available These researches was planned to evaluate the digestibility and metabolizability of nutrient and nitrogen balance of the cashew pulp for growing pigs, as well as to evaluate the performance of these animals fed with different levels of inclusion of this by-product in the diets. The physiological aspects of the animal and economic viability of the diets was evaluated. In the metabolism assay, four pigs were fed with a standard ration and others four received a test ration, with 30% of substitution of the standard ration for the cashew pulp. In the performance assay, forty animals were distributed in a randomized block design, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the experimental rations with the levels 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of inclusion of the cashew pulp. The values obtained for the digestibility and metabolizability coefficients of the protein and energy of the cashew pulp meals were 12.30% and 11.38%; 23.43% and 21.91%, respectively. The digestible and metabolizability energy of cashew pulp meals is 1.123 and 1.051 kcal/kg. The cashew pulp meals can be included in diets until the level of 20% of the ration, and this inclusion of the by-product increases the financial yield of the production.KEY WORDS: Alternative feed, nitrogen balance, temperature, weight gain. A pesquisa destinou-se a avaliar a digestibilidade, o metabolismo de nutrientes e o balanço de nitrogênio do pseudofruto do cajueiro para suínos em crescimento, bem como o desempenho desses animais alimentados com diferentes níveis de inclusão desse subproduto nas dietas. Avaliaram-se ainda os aspectos fisiol

  11. Grado de adherencia terapéutica a los fármacos del metabolismo óseo-mineral: ¿toman nuestros pacientes la medicación prescrita?

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    María Nieves Cazorla Santana

    Full Text Available Los fármacos del metabolismo óseo-mineral tienen gran importancia el tratamiento de los pacientes de hemodiálisis, pero desconocemos las preferencias, y el grado de conocimiento de estos fármacos. Los objetivos del estudio fueron conocer el grado de adherencia terapéutica a los fármacos del metabolismo oseo-mineral, e identificar los factores más relevantes que influyen en la adherencia a este tipo de tratamiento. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en un Centro de hemodiálisis, incluyendo 106 pacientes. Utilizamos el cuestionario simplificado de adherencia a la medicación (SMAQ¹ y un cuestionario específico sobre cumplimiento y preferencias, para conocer el grado de adherencia. Resultados: El 37,7% de los pacientes fue incumplidor según el cuestionario SMAQ. De ellos, el 34% no tomaba la medicación a la misma hora (P<0.000, el 5,7% incumplía el tratamiento los fines de semana (P<0.010, el 13,2% dejan de tomar la medicación cuando se encuentran mal (P<0.010; y en la última semana, el 18% reconocía que olvidó el tratamiento 1día (P= 0.001 y entre 2-3días (12,5%. El 52% no tiene preferencias por ningún quelante del fósforo y el 60.4% conocía la utilidad de los mismos. La principal razón de desagrado fue el aumento del consumo de agua (16%, seguido del tamaño del comprimido (15% y el carbonato de lantano es el fármaco que menos les gusta. Finalmente, el 91% reconoce recibir información dietética. Conclusiones: Como conclusión de nuestro estudio, el 37,7% de los pacientes en programa de hemodiálisis de nuestro centro, fue no adherente al tratamiento médico prescrito, según las respuestas obtenidas en el cuestionario SMAQ, y que el grado de conocimiento, información y/o compresión sobre el tratamiento médico-dietético prescrito a los pacientes son factores muy importantes para mejorar el grado de cumplimiento, por lo que la implicación activa el personal de enfermería constituye una

  12. DESARROLLO DE UN MÓDULO PARA ENSEÑANZA DEL METABOLISMO Y ESTILOS DE VIDA SALUDABLE EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS (DEVELOPMENT OF A MODULE FOR TEACHING METABOLISM AND HEALTHY LIFE STYLES

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    Granados Zúñiga Jorge

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Resumen:En este artículo se describe el empleo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC para combinar los conceptos básicos de metabolismo enseñados en los cursos de bioquímica de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Costa Rica, con los de estilos de vida saludables promovidos por la Unidad de Promoción de la Salud de la Oficina de Bienestar y Salud de esta misma universidad. Mediante un formato para pantalla de computador, o similar, es posible hacer converger múltiple información, para que el docente pase de ser un proveedor de saber en el aula, a un mediador y facilitador del aprendizaje. Empleando el modelo de diseño instruccional Rapid Prototyping de Tripp & Bichelmeyer, se definieron los requerimientos para elaborar un módulo audiovisual que se denominó Metabolismo y estilos de vida saludables. En las evaluaciones preliminares el módulo desarrollado ha llenado las expectativas iniciales. Es necesario promover un mayor apoyo institucional para el desarrollo de las TIC, procurar la formación docente en su uso y facilitar los recursos técnicos y didácticos necesarios.Abstract: This article describes the use of information technologies and communication technologies (ICTs to combine the basics of metabolism taught courses in biochemistry from the School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, with lifestyle health promoted by the Unit for the Promotion of Health, Office of Health and Welfare of the same university. Using a computer-screen format, or similar, it is possible to converge multiple information for the teacher to move from being a provider of knowledge in the classroom, a mediator and facilitator of learning. Using the model of instructional design Rapid Prototyping of Tripp & Bichelmeyer, defined the requirements for developing a visual module that is called metabolism and healthy lifestyles. Preliminary assessments developed module has completed the initial expectations. It is necessary to

  13. Efeitos dos óleos de amendoim, açafrão e oliva na composição corporal, metabolismo energético, perfil lipídico e ingestão alimentar de indivíduos eutróficos normolipidêmicos

    OpenAIRE

    Sales,Regiane Lopes; Costa,Neuza Maria Brunoro; Monteiro,Josefina Bressan Resende; Peluzio,Maria do Carmo Gouveia; Coelho,Sandra Bragança; Oliveira,Cristiane Gonçalves de; Mattes,Richard

    2005-01-01

    OBJETIVOS: O presente trabalho visou avaliar os efeitos do consumo dos óleos de amendoim, açafrão e oliva no perfil lipídico, composição corporal, metabolismo energético e ingestão alimentar em indivíduos eutróficos normolipidêmicos. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 32 indivíduos, divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos, tendo quatro mulheres e quatro homens em cada grupo, com idade entre 18 e 50 anos. Foi oferecido um milk shake aos voluntários no desjejum, veiculando uma quantidade equivalente...

  14. Suplementación y metabolismo de hierro en neonatos bovinos en condiciones de trópico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paola Andrea Páez

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió el efecto del suministro de hierro en la dinámica hemática y su metabolismo en terneros; para el efecto se seleccionaron 72 neonatos bovinos pertenecientes a tres grupos raciales: dos de origen Bos taurus (Hartón de Valle y Holstein Friesian y uno de origen Bos indicus (Cebú Brahmán para un total de 24 animales por raza y ocho animales por grupo experimental. Los animales del grupo 1 recibieron 500 mg de hierro dextran intramuscular (T1, al grupo 2 se le suministraron 100 mg de espirulina oral (T2 y el grupo 3 permaneció como control (T3. El suministro de hierro se hizo cada mes desde el nacimiento hasta los 6 meses de edad de los terneros, mensualmente se tomaron muestras de sangre mediante venipunción yugular y sistema vacutainer en tubos con y sin anticoagulante (EDTA. El promedio de ganancia de peso vivo animal fue 509 ± 0.40 g/día. El número de leucocitos/mm³ fue de 16,059. El promedio de hemoglobina en sangre fue de 12.11 ± 2.8 g/dl, el hematocrito presentó un valor de 38.4% ± 7.6 y la concentración promedio de hemoglobina corpuscular fue de 31.62% ± 4.7. La proteína sérica presentó un valor promedio de 5.55 ± 0.7 g/dl, el valor promedio de hierro sérico fue de 18.70± 11.8 µmol/lt. Los análisis estadísticos mostraron que el factor mes de muestreo y raza fueron significativos para los valores séricos de los metabolitos analizados, mientras que los valores de la concentración promedio de hemoglobina corpuscular lo fueron para tratamiento (P < 0.01.

  15. Metabolismo mineral em bubalinos com ingestões de diferentes níveis de fósforo Mineral metabolism in buffaloes fed different phosphorus levels

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nedilse Helena de Souza

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da ingestão diária de quatro níveis de fósforo (8, 12, 15 e 18 g sobre o metabolismo de macrominerais (P, Ca, Mg, Na, K e S, incluindo a ingestão, a concentração no rúmen, a taxa de passagem do líquido ruminal, a excreção nas fezes e a disponibilidade aparente. Utilizaram-se quatro bubalinos adultos com fístulas ruminais em delineamento quadrado latino (4 × 4 com dieta total constituída de cana-de-açúcar como volumoso (85% e concentrado formulado com um dos níveis de fósforo. Os níveis de fósforo não ocasionaram diferença significativa na concentração mineral no rúmen de nenhum mineral estudado. A concentração média de fósforo no conteúdo ruminal foi de 0,98% na matéria seca, enquanto o teor de fósforo nas rações variou de 0,12 a 0,34%, comprovando alta reciclagem de fósforo pela saliva. Níveis crescentes de fósforo na dieta, variando de 8 a 18 g/animal/dia, não influenciam as disponibilidades de cálcio e magnésio. Com o nível de fósforo de 15 g/dia, houve melhor utilização do fósforo da dieta. A ingestão de níveis crescentes de fósforo em g/kg0,75 (X promoveu aumento linear na excreção fecal desse mineral em g/kg0,75 (Y e baixos valores de disponibilidade do fósforo, que pode ser estimado pela equação Y = 0,03 + 0,610X, o que indica deficiência desse elemento mineral na dieta para o metabolismo animal.The objective was to evaluate the effects of daily intake of four levels of phosphorus (8, 12, 15 and 18 g on the metabolism of macro minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K and S, including the intake, concentration in rumen, ruminal fluid passage rate, excretion in feces and apparent availability. Four rumen-fistulated buffaloes were allotted to a 4 × 4 Latin Square, with total diet composed by sugar cane as forage (85% and concentrate formulated for each different phosphorus levels. Phosphorus levels did not caused difference in mineral concentration in the rumen of any

  16. Adição de frutoligossacarídeo em dietas para leitões desmamados: desempenho, incidência de diarreia e metabolismo Frutooligosaccharide addition in diets for weaned pigs: performance, diarrhea incidence and metabolism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fábio Enrique Lemos Budiño

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de verificar o efeito da adição do prebiótico frutoligossacarídeo sobre o desempenho, a incidência de diarreia e o metabolismo de leitões desmamados, foram conduzidos dois experimentos. Utilizaram-se três dietas contendo 0,2; 0,4 ou 0,6% de frutoligossacarídeo, formuladas a partir de uma dieta basal (sem adição de frutoligossacarídeo, totalizando quatro dietas experimentais. No experimento 1, utilizaram-se 96 leitões desmamados (5,89 ± 0,86 kg para avaliação do ganho de peso, do consumo de ração, da conversão alimentar e da incidência de diarreia nos primeiros 15 dias pós-desmame. No experimento 2 foram testadas as mesmas dietas para avaliação do metabolismo energético e nitrogenado de leitões (17,93 ± 0,66 kg. Os níveis de frutoligossacarídeo tiveram efeito quadrático no ganho de peso, cujos melhores resultados foram obtidos com nível de 0,31% desse prebiótico. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas na conversão alimentar nem na incidência de diarreia. O uso de frutoligossacarídeo em dietas para leitões não influenciou a digestibilidade nem a metabolizabilidade das dietas experimentais.In order to evaluate the effect of frutooligosaccharide prebiotic addition on performance, incidence of diarrehea and metabolism of weaned pigs, two experiments were carried out. It was used three diets containing 0.2; 0.4 or 0.6% frutooligosaccharide formulated from basal diet (no addition of frutooligosaccharide, totalizing four experimental diets. In experiment 1, 96 weaned piglets (5.89 ± 0.86 kg were used to evaluate weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and diarrhea occurrence on the first 15 days of experiment. In the experiment 2, the same diets were tested for energy and nitrogen metabolism of the piglets (17.93 ± 0.66 kg. Levels of frutooligosaccharide had quadratic effect on weight gain, whose best result were obtained with the level of 0.31% of this prebiotic. Significant differences

  17. Treinamento físico durante a recuperação nutricional não afeta o metabolismo muscular da glicose de ratos La educación física durante la recuperación nutritiva no afecta el metabolismo muscular de la glucosa en ratones Physical training during nutritional recovery does not affect the muscular glucose metabolism in rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vanessa Santhiago

    2006-04-01

    % de proteína, respectivamente, recibida del desmame (21 días a los 90 días de edad. Todos los animales pasaron entonces, para recibir la dieta NP y algunos fueron sometidos (entrenado - TRE o ningún (sedentario - SED educación física que consistió en carrera de cinta rodante, 25m/min., 50 minutos por día, 5 días en la semana, durante 30 días, que componen los grupos NP-SED, NP-TRE, HP/NP-SED y HP/NP-TRE. El metabolismo de la glucosa se evaluó en las muestras de músculo sóleo incubadas en presencia de insulina (100myU/L y glucosa (5,5 mM, conteniendo [C14] la glucosa y [H³] 2-deoxiglicose. Mientras que la ingestión diariamente alimentaría (el g/100g de peso corpóreo del grupo HP/NP-TRE de grupo (24,39 ± 4,07 era más grande que del grupo HP/NP-SED de grupo (21,62 ± 4,69. Las ganancias de peso (g fueron similares en los grupos HP/NP-TRE (203,80 ± 34,03 y HP/NP-SED (214,43 ± 30,54. No había diferencia entre estos dos grupos en cuanto a los parámetros: la recepción de glucosa, oxidación de glucosa y síntesis del glucógeno para el músculo sóleo. De esta manera, nosotros podríamos concluir que los entrenamientos aeróbicos no tenían el impacto sobre la recuperación nutritiva, porque no había diferencias metabólicas o somáticas entre animales recuperados en presencia o ausencia del entrenamiento.This study had the main aim to assess the food intake, the weight gain, and the muscular glucose metabolism in rats submitted to aerobic training while recovering of protean malnutrition. For this, 60 male Wistar rats were separated in two groups: normoprotean (NP and hypoprotean (HP, according to the diet: NP (17% protein, or HP (6% protein, respectively, which was received after the ablactation (21 days on their 90th day of life. Then, very animal received the NP diet, and they were submitted or not (trained TRA; sedentary SED to physical training that consisted in running on a treadmill for 25 m/min., 50 min/day for 5 days a week for 30 days

  18. Avaliação antropométrica de pacientes com suspeita de erros inatos do metabolismo Anthropometric evaluation of patients with suspected innate errors of metabolism

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    Francilia de Kássia Brito-Silva

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: avaliar antropometricamente os pacientes com suspeita de erros inatos do metabolismo (EIM e descrever a prevalência de distúrbios nutricionais (desnutrição, sobrepeso e obesidade. MÉTODOS: foram avaliados 55 pacientes de 0 a 10 anos, de acordo com os índices antropométricos (A/I, P/I E P/A e IMC/I, no laboratório de erros inatos do metabolismo (LEIM da Universidade Federal do Pará, através de balança e antropômetro. Os dados foram coletados a partir da ficha de atendimento do LEIM. Para o diagnóstico nutricional foram utilizados os programas Anthro e Anthro Plus e o programa SPSS para a análise estatística. RESULTADOS: os pacientes atendidos pertenciam, na maioria, a faixa etária de sete meses a nove anos. Os principais sintomas foram atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e infecções frequentes. Quanto ao estado nutricional, foi observado déficit de 23,7% no indicador de peso para idade, déficit de 50,9% no indicador de altura para idade, excesso de peso e obesidade de 15,4% para peso para altura, e 25,1% para índice de massa corporal para idade. CONCLUSÕES: os pacientes apresentaram estado nutricional inadequados, o qual na ausência de diagnóstico de EIM, os fatores envolvidos devem ser mais bem averiguados.OBJECTIVES: to provide an anthropometric evaluation of patients suspected of having innate errors of metabolism (IEMs and report the prevalence of nutritional disorders (malnutrition, overweight and obesity. METHODS: fifty-five patients aged between 0 and 10 years were evaluated for anthropometric indices (H/A, W/A and W/H and BMI/A, in the innate errors of metabolism laboratory (LEIM of the Federal University of Pará, using scales and an anthropometer. The data were collected using an LEIM form. Nutritional diagnosis was carried out using the Anthro and Anthro Plus programs and the SPSS statistics package. RESULTS: the patients attended were mostly aged between seven months and nine years. The main

  19. Adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex for forward-eyed foveate vision

    Science.gov (United States)

    Migliaccio, Americo A; Minor, Lloyd B; Santina, Charles C Della

    2010-01-01

    To maintain visual fixation on a distant target during head rotation, the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) should rotate the eyes at the same speed as the head and in exactly the opposite direction. However, in primates for which the 3-dimensional (3D) aVOR has been extensively characterised (humans and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)), the aVOR response to roll head rotation about the naso-occipital axis is lower than that elicited by yaw and pitch, causing errors in aVOR magnitude and direction that vary with the axis of head rotation. In other words, primates keep the central part of the retinal image on the fovea (where photoreceptor density and visual acuity are greatest) but fail to keep that image from twisting about the eyes' resting optic axes. We tested the hypothesis that aVOR direction dependence is an adaptation related to primates' frontal-eyed, foveate status through comparison with the aVOR of a lateral-eyed, afoveate mammal (Chinchilla lanigera). As chinchillas' eyes are afoveate and never align with each other, we predicted that the chinchilla aVOR would be relatively low in gain and isotropic (equal in gain for every head rotation axis). In 11 normal chinchillas, we recorded binocular 3D eye movements in darkness during static tilts, 20–100 deg s−1 whole-body sinusoidal rotations (0.5–15 Hz), and 3000 deg s−2 acceleration steps. Although the chinchilla 3D aVOR gain changed with both frequency and peak velocity over the range we examined, we consistently found that it was more nearly isotropic than the primate aVOR. Our results suggest that primates' anisotropic aVOR represents an adaptation to their forward-eyed, foveate status. In primates, yaw and pitch aVOR must be compensatory to stabilise images on both foveae, whereas roll aVOR can be under-compensatory because the brain tolerates torsion of binocular images that remain on the foveae. In contrast, the lateral-eyed chinchilla faces different adaptive demands and thus

  20. Potencial de preparados de cavalinha (Equisetum sp. na síntese de metabólitos de defesa em cotilédones de soja (Glycine max L. e o efeito sobre o crescimento de Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, in vitro.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    SS GUIMARÃES

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos com objetivo de avaliar o potencial de preparados de cavalinha (Equisetum sp. na síntese de metabólitos de defesa em cotilédones de soja (Glycinemax L. e o efeito sobre o crescimento de Rhizoctonia solani, in vitro. O delineamento experimental utilizado para os experimentos foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x5 (formas de extração x concentrações, com quatro repetições. As formas de extração foram extrato alcoólico, infusão e maceração, nas concentrações de zero; 1; 10, 20 e 40%. No primeiro experimento foi avaliada a indução de compostos de defesa vegetal em cotilédones de soja em resposta aos derivados a base de cavalinha, sendo quantificada a atividade da enzima fenilalanina amônia-liase (FAL, via espectofotometria, a fitoalexina gliceolina, e o teor de fenóis totais. No segundo experimento, in vitro, a unidade experimental foi uma placa de Petri, sendo os preparados de cavalinha incorporados ao meio BDA (Batata-dextrose e Agar e avaliado o crescimento micelial de R. Solani. Os preparados de extrato alcoólico, infusão e maceração de cavalinha apresentaram capacidade de indução das fitoalexinas gliceolinas em cotilédones de soja, bem como, ativaram o metabolismo de compostos fenólicos. Entre os preparados, o extrato alcoólico e a maceração, se sobressaem sobre a infusão. Os preparados de extrato alcoólico, infusão e maceração de cavalinha em todas as suas concentrações inibem o crescimento do fungo R. solani, in vitro.

  1. Metabolismo de nitrogênio em dois sistemas de cultivo de café sob veranico da estação úmida

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmem Lacerda Lemos

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do veranico ocorrido na estação úmida sobre o metabolismo de nitrogênio em cafeeiros em sistema a pleno sol e associados com abacateiro (Persea americana Mill. e ingazeiro (Inga edulis Mart., foi realizado este experimento. O estudo foi conduzido em propriedade situada no município de Barra do Choça, BA, composto por plantas de café (Coffea arabica L., variedade Catuaí, sendo caracterizados dois campos experimentais (sistema sombreado x sistema a pleno sol. As avaliações foram realizadas em janeiro (período de veranico e março (final da estação úmida, em cinco repetições por campo experimental. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste t por meio do programa SAEG, versão 9.1. Maior teor de NO3 - foi verificado no sistema a pleno sol, tanto no período de veranico como no final da estação úmida. Em março foi observado maior acúmulo de N-orgânico no terço superior do cafeeiro a pleno sol e no terço médio do cafeeiro sombreado. Maiores teores de nitrogênio total e a tendência de maior atividade enzimática da redutase do nitrato foram verificados nos sistemas arborizados, quando avaliados dentro do mesmo terço do cafeeiro nas duas estações.

  2. ENRAIZAMENTO DE CRAVO (Dianthus caryophyllus L. IN VITRO E EX VITRO

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    G.R.F CUZZUOL

    1996-01-01

    Full Text Available Plântulas de cravo (Dianthus caryophyllus micropropagadas durante várias gerações pelo período de um ano, foram enraizadas in vitro com AIA, ANA e AIB nas concentrações de 0,0; 0,25; 0,5 e 1,0 mg/l, em fatorial do tipo 3 x 4, com todos os tratamentos promovendo a formação de raízes, mas não diferindo do controle. Foi confrontado em condição autotrófica, o desempenho entre plântulas enraizadas in vitro na presença e ausência do regulador AIA 0,5 mg/l e plântulas enraizadas ex vitro, sem nenhuma diferença quanto ao comprimento da parte aérea. Para a variável produção de massa de matéria seca os melhores resultados foram proporcionados pelas plantas que passaram pela fase de enraizamento in vitro, tendo o sistema radicular efeito sinergístico no crescimento da parte aérea.Plantlets of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. micropropagated through several generations during one year, were observed with respect to rooting in vitro, in the presence of IAA , NAA and IBA, at the following concentrations: 0,0; 0,25; 0,5 and 1,0 mg/l. All treatments promoted root formation, however no differences were detected in comparison to control. As far as the lenght of the aerial part is concerned no difference was observed between in vitro rooting. in the presence or absence of IAA 0,5 mg/l, and ex vitro rooting. Plantlets which were rooted in vitro conditions showed higher production of fresh matter then those rooted ex vitro. The root system had a synergistic effect on the growth of the aerial part.

  3. Níveis de proteína em suplementos para terminação de bovinos em pastejo durante o período de transição Seca/Águas: digestibilidade aparente e parâmetros do metabolismo ruminal e dos compostos nitrogenados

    OpenAIRE

    Detmann,Edenio; Paulino,Mário Fonseca; Valadares Filho,Sebastião de Campos; Cecon,Paulo Roberto; Zervoudakis,Joanis Tilemahos; Cabral,Luciano da Silva; Gonçalves,Lúcio Carlos; Valadares,Rilene Ferreira Diniz

    2005-01-01

    Avaliaram-se aspectos das digestibilidades aparente total e parcial e parâmetros do metabolismo ruminal e dos compostos nitrogenados em novilhos mestiços suplementados durante a fase de transição entre os períodos seco e chuvoso. Foram utilizados cinco novilhos mestiços holandês x zebu com idade e peso médios iniciais de 24 meses e 304 kg, manejados em cinco piquetes de B. decumbens (0,34 ha). Foram fornecidos suplementos (4 kg/animal/dia) constituídos por fubá de milho, grão de soja integral...

  4. Efeitos in vitro de ocratoxina A, deoxinivalenol e zearalenona sobre a viabilidade celular e atividade de E-ADA em linfócitos de frangos de corte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Lautert

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Micotoxinas representam um vasto grupo de contaminantes químicos naturais originados a partir do metabolismo secundário de fungos filamentosos patogênicos. Elas são produzidas, principalmente, pelos gêneros Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus e Penicillium, os quais podem contaminar grãos e cereais, como trigo, milho e soja. Conforme sua natureza e níveis de concentração, micotoxinas podem induzir efeitos tóxicos em animais de produção e humanos. Um estudo in vitro foi realizado para avaliar a susceptibilidade das células linfocitárias de frangos de corte a diferentes concentrações de ocratoxina A, deoxinivalenol e zearalenona. Cada micotoxina foi adicionada ao meio celular em diferentes concentrações (0,001; 0,01; 0,1 e 1μg/mL. A viabilidade celular e atividade de ecto-adenosina desaminase foram analisadas em 24, 48 e 72 horas através de ensaios colorimétricos. Para isso, foram utilizados 0,7x10(5 linfócitos/mL em meio RPMI 1640, suplementado com 10% de soro fetal bovino e 2,5 UI de penicilina/estreptomicina por mL, incubados em atmosfera de 5% de CO2 a 37 °C. Todos os experimentos foram realizados em triplicata e os resultados foram expressos como média e erro padrão da média. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que tanto ocratoxina A como deoxinivalenol induziram proliferação linfocitária e baixa atividade enzimática in vitro (P0,05. Foi possível correlacionar os dados referentes à viabilidade celular e atividade de ecto-adenosina desaminase, sugerindo que, em concentrações mínimas, as micotoxinas testadas não estimularam a atividade da enzima, que possui ação pró-inflamatória e contribui para o processo de imunossupressão e, portanto, evitando um decréscimo na viabilidade celular. Este é o primeiro estudo feito com OCRA, DON e ZEA sobre linfócitos de frangos de corte em cultivos in vitro na avaliação desses parâmetros.

  5. In vitro remineralization of in vivo and in vitro formed enamel lesions

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Iijima, Y; Takagi, O; Ruben, J; Arends, J

    1999-01-01

    Thin sections of natural white spot enamel lesions (WS) and of artificial in vitro lesions (VL) were remineralized simultaneously in vitro. The sections, clamped in a PMMA holder, were microradiographed at baseline and after remineralization in a calcium- and phosphate-containing solution (pH = 7.0;

  6. Study in vitro of origin radioprotective food the radioprotective effect in vitro of food borne; Estudio in vitro de radioprotectores de origen alimentario

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Soraino, J. M.; Sebastia, N.; Almonacid, M.; Alonso, O.; Cervera, J.; Such, E.; Silla, M. A.; Villaescusa, J. I.; Montoro, A.

    2012-07-01

    Study in vitro of origin radioprotective food the radioprotective effect in vitro of food borne substances studied is a first step in developing effective radioprotectors that can prevent radiation damage to healthy tissue., cannot forget that these studies must be accompanied by in vitro studies of toxicity and bioavailability to profile designing radioprotective substance.

  7. Anatomia comparada das folhas e raízes de Cymbidium Hort. (Orchidaceae cultivadas ex vitro e in vitro Comparative leaf and root anatomy of ex vitro and in vitro cultured Cymbidium Hort. plants

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliana Lischka Sampaio Mayer

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Na fase de cultivo in vitro, as plantas são mantidas em ambiente com alta umidade relativa do ar, baixa luminosidade e trocas gasosas restritas, o que resulta em taxa de transpiração reduzida. Portanto, quando essas mudas são expostas ao meio ex vitro, sofrem estresse que pode causar a morte. O objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar a estrutura anatômica das mudas de Cymbidium 'Joy Polis' cultivadas ex vitro (planta matriz e aclimatizada e in vitro e verificar se a estrutura anatômica das plantas in vitro influencia no processo de aclimatização. As plantas ex vitro foram mantidas em casa-de-vegetação, em vasos individuais com o substrato fibra de coco em pó combinada com fibra de coco, e as plantas in vitro foram mantidas em meio de cultura MS. Para a análise anatômica qualitativa foram coletadas amostras de folhas e raízes de plantas ex vitro e in vitro. As plantas aclimatizadas apresentaram estrutura morfoanatômica semelhante à da planta matriz. A estrutura anatômica das plantas in vitro não influenciou a sobrevivência das mudas durante a aclimatização devido à plasticidade fenotipica desse cultivar. As plantas de Cymbidium 'Joy Polis' possuem grande capacidade de aclimatização ao ambiente, sendo provavelmente este um dos fatores responsáveis pela sobrevivência de 100% das mudas.During in vitro culture plants are kept in an atmosphere with high relative humidity, low light intensity and reduced gas exchange, resulting in low transpiration rates. Therefore, when these plants are exposed to ex vitro conditions, they suffer stress, which can induce mortality. The purpose of this study was to compare the anatomical structure of Cymbidium 'Joy Polis' plants from ex vitro (mother plant and acclimatized plants and in vitro cultures and to verify if the anatomical structure of in vitro cultured plants affects acclimatization. The ex vitro plants were kept in a greenhouse in pots containing a mixture of coconut-fiber powder and

  8. Temas de bioquímica básica (DIAPOSITIVAS)

    OpenAIRE

    Correa Quiroz, Jorge Alberto

    2003-01-01

    A continuación se da a conocer el trabajo preparado y organizado por el docente Jorge Alberto Correa Quiroz durante el periodo de su año sabático, los temas a exponer son: Metabolismo y bioenergética, Metabolismo de carbohidratos, Ciclo del acido cítrico y del glioxilato, Transporte de electrones y fosforilación oxidativa, Metabolismo de lípidos y ácidos grasos, metabolismos del amoniaco y compuestos nitrogenados, Fotosíntesis. / Abstract. Then we explain the work planned and organized by...

  9. Alterações no metabolismo da homocisteína induzidas por aguardente de cana-de-açúcar em alcoólatras Homocystein metabolism alterations induced by sugar-cane liquor in alcoholics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rogério Nogueira Prioste

    2003-09-01

    Full Text Available O alcoolismo está relacionado a má nutrição e baixos níveis de várias vitaminas que fazem parte do metabolismo da homocisteína (Hci. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalência de hiper-homocisteinemia em pacientes com alta ingestão diária de aguardente de cana-de-açúcar. Foram incluídos neste estudo 31 homens hospitalizados para tratamento de alcoolismo. Hci, folato (Fol, vitamina B12 séricos e enzimas hepáticas foram determinados e repetidos após 21 dias de abstinência alcoólica. Os valores de Hci em µmol/l antes e depois do tratamento foram, respectivamente, de 24,88 ± 2,09 e 12,48 ± 0,69. A abstinência alcoólica diminuiu significativamente os valores de aspartato aminotransferase, alanina aminotransferase e gamaglutamiltranspeptidase. Não houve alteração dos níveis de hemácias, proteínas totais e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média. Os níveis de Hci antes do tratamento se correlacionaram com os de folato (r² = 0,333. Estes resultados sugerem que o alcoolismo crônico está acompanhado por perturbação do metabolismo de aminoácidos sulfurados e que a hiper-homocisteinemia etanol-induzida através de aguardente de cana-de-açúcar pode ser acompanhada de níveis séricos baixos de folato, agravando o estado nutricional destes pacientes.Alcoholism is related to malnutrition and low levels of several vitamins that take part in the metabolism of homocystein (HCY. The objective of this study was to analyse the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia in patients with heavy daily intake of sugar-cane liquor. In this study were included 31 hospitalized man for alcoholism treatment. Serum folate (FOL, HCY, vitamin B12 (B12 and liver enzymes were determinated and repeated after 21 days of alcohol withdrawal. The values of HCY in µmol/l before and after treatment were respectivally of 24.88 ± 2.09 and 12.48 ± 0.69. The alcohol abstinence decreased significativally the values of aspartate transaminase

  10. 10522 ASSESSMENT OF AFLATOXINS B1, B2, G1 AND G2 ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    user

    2013-04-13

    Apr 13, 2013 ... occurs when high concentrations of aflatoxins are consumed. Symptoms of acute aflatoxicosis include vomiting, weight loss, abdominal pain, jaundice, liver damage and ..... Pitt JI Application of the food safety objective concept to the problem of aflatoxins in peanuts. Mitt. Lebensm. Hyg, 2004; 95: 52-58. 19.

  11. Marcadores séricos do metabolismo ósseo no hipertireoidismo felino Serum markers of bone metabolism in feline hyperthyroidism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mauro José Lahm Cardoso

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available Os efeitos do hipertireoidismo experimental (150mg kg-1 d-1 42d-1 de levotiroxina sobre os marcadores do metabolismo ósseo foi estudado em 14 gatos sem raça definida, nove fêmeas e cinco machos, não-castrados, com idade entre um e três anos. As variáveis estudadas foram tiroxina total (T4, tiroxina livre (FT4 e o telopeptídeo carboxiterminal do colágeno tipo I (ICTP mensurados por radioimunoensaio, a osteocalcina (OC foi mensurada por ensaio radioimunométrico e a densidade mineral óssea (DMO foi mensurada pela técnica da densitometria óptica. As concentrações séricas da OC apresentaram diferença significativa (PThe effect of experimental hyperthyroidism (150mg kg-1 d-1 42d-1 levothyroxine on markers of bone metabolism was studied in fourteen shorthair intact cats, nine females and five males, from 1 to 3 years of age. Total thyroxine (T4, free thyroxine (FT4, carboxi-terminal telopeptides of collagen type I (ICTP (measured by radioimmunoassay, osteocalcin (OC (measured by immunoradiometric assay and bone mineral density (DMO (measured by the optic densitometria were evaluated. Serum concentrations of OC were significantly different (P<0.05 between all four moments (before the induction, 14, 28 and 42 days. The DMO presented significant difference (P<0.05 at the 14 days in comparison to the initial moment. Bone remodeling was probably caused by the hyperthyroid state, since both OC and ICTP presented strong positive correlation with TT4 and a little lowerth FT4. The FT4 concentrations did not present positive correlation with ICTP, except at 28 days. Correlation between markers of bone metabolism and the bone mineral density was low in all the moments. High correlation was observed between thyroid hormones and markers of bone metabolism. In conclusion, this excess of thyroid hormones in cats may cause an increase of bone remodeling. Moreover, thyrotoxicosis in this study was not enough to raise the serum levels of ICTP, suggesting

  12. Efeito do exercício físico e suplementação de potássio sobre a pressão arterial, metabolismo glicídico e albuminúria de ratos hipertensos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Evelyn Manuella Martins Gomes Jodas

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: Ainda é controverso se ocorre sinergismo entre as diferentes medidas não farmacológicas utilizadas no tratamento da hipertensão arterial. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do exercício físico aeróbico, da sobrecarga oral de potássio e da sua associação sobre a pressão arterial, metabolismo glicídico, excreção urinária de albumina e morfologia glomerular de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR. Métodos: SHRs foram divididos em: Grupo Controle (SHR; dieta padrão e sedentário, n = 10; Grupo Exercício (SHR + E; treinado em esteira rolante, dieta padrão, n = 10, Grupo Potássio (SHR + K; sedentário, dieta rica em potássio, n = 10 e Grupo Exercício + Potássio (SHR + E + K; exercitado, dieta rica em potássio, n = 10. Semanalmente, foi aferido o peso corporal (PC e a pressão arterial de cauda (PAC. Ao final de 16 semanas, foi realizado o Teste de Tolerância oral a Glicose. A albuminúria foi determinada nos períodos basal, na 8ª e 16ª semana. Após o sacrifício, foi realizada a análise do índice de esclerose glomerular e a pesagem da gordura visceral. Resultados: A PAC e o PC não variaram significativamente. Houve melhora da sensibilidade à insulina no Grupo Exercício e Grupo Potássio, mas não no Grupo Exercício + Potássio. Na 16ª semana, a albuminúria de todos os grupos foi significativamente menor que o grupo SHR Controle. O índice de esclerose glomerular e o peso da gordura visceral também foram significativamente menores em todos os grupos tratados quando comparados ao controle. Conclusão: A dieta rica em potássio e o exercício físico determinaram melhora no metabolismo glicídico, na albuminúria e na morfologia glomerular, porém, a sobreposição dos tratamentos não apresentou sinergismo.

  13. Acclimatization of in Vitro-derived Dendrobium

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    Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available The successful ex vitro establishment of Dendrobium plantlets raised in vitro determines the quality of the end product (cut flowers or potted plants in commercial production for economic gain. When in vitro Dendrobium plantlets are transplanted from the culture room to greenhouse conditions, they may desiccate or wilt rapidly and can die as a result of changes in the environment, unless substantial precautions are taken to adapt plantlets to a new environment. The acclimatization of in vitro-grown Dendrobium plantlets to an ex vitro environment by gradually weaning them towards ambient relative humidity and light levels facilitates better survival of young and physiologically sensitive plantlets. Dendrobium plantlets raised in vitro must thus undergo a period of acclimatization or transitional development to correct anatomical abnormalities and to enhance their physiological performance to ensure survival under ex vitro conditions. The most common approach to improve the survival of Dendrobium plantlets upon transfer to an ex vitro environment is their gradual adaptation to that environment. Under such conditions, plants convert rapidly from a heterotrophic or photomixotrophic state to an autotrophic growth, develop a fully functional root system, and better control their stomatal and cuticular transpiration. Gradual adaptation is carried out in a greenhouse by decreasing relative humidity using fog or mist chambers and by increasing light intensity using shading techniques. This review details the acclimatization and ex vitro survival of Dendrobium plants produced in vitro. This advice is also useful for other orchids.

  14. Efecto del malato de pizotifeno sobre el metabolismo oxidativo de cerebro de rata "in vitro"

    OpenAIRE

    García Catalina, Sara

    2012-01-01

    El malato de pizotifeno es un fármaco antihistamínico H1, antiserotonínico, débilmente anticolinérgico y aperitivo. Se emplea fundamentalmente en la profilaxis de la jaqueca o migraña. Presenta un notable isosterismo con la ciproheptadina y con los neurolépticos y antidepresivos tricíclicos, al igual que estas sustancias se comporta como estabilizador inespecífico de membrana bloqueando los canales de sodio dependientes de voltaje. En este trabajo se estudia el efecto del malato de pizotifeno...

  15. Emerging fungi and mycotoxins in crops in the framework of climate change. Design of strategies for their prevention and control

    OpenAIRE

    Mateo Jiménez, Eva María

    2015-01-01

    Las micotoxinas son metabolitos secundarios fúngicos que se encuentran frecuentemente como contaminantes naturales en diversos alimentos habituales en la dieta humana y animal. Producen micotoxicosis agudas y crónicas que afectan principalmente al hígado, riñón y sistemas inmunológico y reproductor. Además, algunas de ellas como las aflatoxinas (AFLs) han sido reconocidas por la “International Agency for Research on Cancer” (IARC) como los compuestos naturales con mayor potencial teratogénico...

  16. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion increases the translocation of polystyrene nanoparticles in an in vitro intestinal co-culture model.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Walczak, Agata P; Kramer, Evelien; Hendriksen, Peter J M; Helsdingen, Richard; van der Zande, Meike; Rietjens, Ivonne M C M; Bouwmeester, Hans

    2015-01-01

    The conditions of the gastrointestinal tract may change the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) and therewith the bioavailability of orally taken NPs. Therefore, we assessed the impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the protein corona of polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) and their subsequent translocation across an in vitro intestinal barrier. A co-culture of intestinal Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells was exposed to 50 nm PS-NPs of different charges (positive and negative) in two forms: pristine and digested in an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model. In vitro digestion significantly increased the translocation of all, except the "neutral", PS-NPs. Upon in vitro digestion, translocation was 4-fold higher for positively charged NPs and 80- and 1.7-fold higher for two types of negatively charged NPs. Digestion significantly reduced the amount of protein in the corona of three out of four types of NPs. This reduction of proteins was 4.8-fold for "neutral", 3.5-fold for positively charged and 1.8-fold for one type of negatively charged PS-NPs. In vitro digestion also affected the composition of the protein corona of PS-NPs by decreasing the presence of higher molecular weight proteins and shifting the protein content of the corona to low molecular weight proteins. These findings are the first to report that in vitro gastrointestinal digestion significantly affects the protein corona and significantly increases the in vitro translocation of differently charged PS-NPs. These findings stress the importance of including the in vitro digestion in future in vitro intestinal translocation screening studies for risk assessment of orally taken NPs.

  17. Propagação in vitro de Sacha inchi In vitro propagation of Sacha inchi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stevan Ricardo Bordignon

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a relação auxina:citocinina a fim de obter propágulos nos segmentos distintos do epicótilo e hipocótilo de sementes germinadas in vitro de Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo. Os segmentos apical (A, mediano (B e o basal (C foram introduzidos em meio de cultivo MS, semi sólido (2,0g L-1 Phytagel, suplementado com vitaminas de MS, sacarose (30,0g L-1 e submetidos a três doses da auxina ácido indolbutírico - IBA (0; 0,1; 0,5mg L-1, associadas a quatro doses da citocinina benzilaminopurina - BAP (0; 0,1; 0,5; 1,0mg L-1, totalizando 36 tratamentos. Após nove semanas de cultivo in vitro, o segmento apical (A apresentou formação de brotações por organogênese direta nas concentrações de 0,5 e 1,0 de BAP, associado a 0,0 e 0,1 de IBA. O emprego do cultivo in vitro é viável na produção de mudas, utilizando como explante a região apical de sementes germinadas in vitro.The aim of this study was to perform an in vitro evaluation of the auxin:cytokinine ratio in different segments of the epicotyl and hypocotyl of Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo seeds germinated in vitro. The segments apical (A, median (B and basal (C were introduced into semi-solid MS culture medium (2.0g L-1 Phytagel, supplemented with MS vitamins, sucrose (30.0g L-1 and submitted to three doses of auxin indolebutyric acid - IBA (0; 0.1; 0.5mg L-1, associated with four doses of the cytokinine benzylaminopurine - BAP (0; 0.1; 0.5; 1.0mg L-1, totaling 36 treatments. After nine weeks of in vitro cultivation, the apical segment (A presented shoot formation by direct organogenesis at the concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 of BAP associated with 0.0 and 0.1 of IBA. It is feasible to use in vitro cultivation with the apical region of seeds germinated in vitro used as explants.

  18. Divergent mechanisms for passive pneumococcal resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in the presence of Haemophilus influenzae.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Weimer, Kristin E D; Juneau, Richard A; Murrah, Kyle A; Pang, Bing; Armbruster, Chelsie E; Richardson, Stephen H; Swords, W Edward

    2011-02-15

    Otitis media, for which antibiotic treatment failure is increasingly common, is a leading pediatric public health problem. In vitro and in vivo studies using the chinchilla model of otitis media were performed using a β-lactamase-producing strain of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi 86-028NP) and an isogenic mutant deficient in β-lactamase production (NTHi 86-028NP bla) to define the roles of biofilm formation and β-lactamase production in antibiotic resistance. Coinfection studies were done with Streptococcus pneumoniae to determine if NTHi provides passive protection by means of β-lactamase production, biofilm formation, or both. NTHi 86-028NP bla was resistant to amoxicillin killing in biofilm studies in vitro; however, it was cleared by amoxicillin treatment in vivo, whereas NTHi 86-028NP was unaffected in either system. NTHi 86-028NP protected pneumococcus in vivo in both the effusion fluid and bullar homogenate. NTHi 86-028NP bla and pneumococcus were both recovered from the surface-associated bacteria of amoxicillin-treated animals; only NTHi 86-028NP bla was recovered from effusion. Based on these studies, we conclude that NTHi provides passive protection for S. pneumoniae in vivo through 2 distinct mechanisms: production of β-lactamase and formation of biofilm communities.

  19. Comunicación breve Alergia a betalactámicos

    OpenAIRE

    Ricardo Cardona Villa; Joaquín Sastre Domínguez

    2000-01-01

    El metabolismo de los antibióticos betalactámicos produce nuevos compuestos que unidos a proteínas plasmáticas pueden inducir, en una pequeña proporción de casos, una respuesta inmune nociva que en el 50% de los mismos está mediada por inmunoglobulina E (IgE). Los determinantes antigénicos mayores y menores de la penicilina son de gran utilidad en el diagnóstico in vivo de la alergia a este compuesto, con una sensibilidad de hasta un 70%, pero la detección in vitro de IgE específica tiene una...

  20. Metabolismo de fármacos y lesión hepática

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elso Manuel Cruz Cruz

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Los medicamentos han cambiado la forma de tratar las enfermedades y diferentes estados de salud alterados. Sin embargo, pese a todas las ventajas que ofrecen, cada vez existen más conocimientos acerca de las reacciones adversas que pueden causar. La aprobación de un fármaco para su comercialización no significa que su relación riesgo/beneficio está establecida de manera definitiva; indica que su eficacia ha sido demostrada y que los efectos adversos detectados hasta su aprobación son aceptables, con relación al tipo de afección al que se destina. El hígado es el principal responsable del metabolismo de los fármacos, nutrientes y otras sustancias. El consumo de medicamentos puede inducir daños en este órgano; la hepatotoxicidad provocada es causa de lesiones y hasta insuficiencia hepática aguda. (1 En la literatura se refiere que la hepatotoxicidad secundaria al consumo de fármacos tiene una incidencia relativamente alta, entre 1/10000 y 1/100000 medicamentos prescriptos, (2 aunque se reconoce que respecto a este tema existen subregistros que no permiten precisar la magnitud del problema. La inducción de una lesión hepática es una complicación potencial ante cualquier tratamiento farmacológico. Históricamente, este problema ha representado la principal causa de retiro del mercado, a escala mundial, de varios fármacos y es la reacción adversa causante del abandono en el desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos. En muestras representativas de pacientes con insuficiencia hepática aguda se ha encontrado algún vínculo con la ingestión de fármacos; muchos de estos pacientes requieren tratamiento adicional para el daño hepático, el cual puede llegar en casos extremos a necesitar el trasplante del órgano. (2 Existen dos tipos de reacciones relacionadas con la toxicidad hepática originada por medicamentos, intrínseca o idiosincrática. La intrínseca, debida a la dosis de los fármacos, es predecible, reproducible, y representa

  1. Physiology of in vitro culture

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Jesús Cañal

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available The culture procedures described up to the eighties, did not made any mention to the environmental control of in vitro plant development. However, growth rate, development and many of the physiologic-morphologic features of the in vitro grown plants are influenced by the culture vessel. The increasing knowledge about the environmental control of culture vessels under sterile conditions, is helping to change micorpropagation procedures. The in vitro environment with lower rate ventilation, brings about low flow rates of matter and energy, with minimum variations of temperature, high relative humidity and large daily changes of the concentration of CO2 inside the culture vessel. The type of culture vessel (size, shape, fabric and closing system can influence the evolution of the atmosphere along the time of culture. Although submitted to different stresses factors plant can be grown in vitro, but plants can be faulty in their anatomy, morphology and physiology. As a consequence, these plants shown a phenotype unable to survive to ex vitro conditions. Different strategies can be used to control the atmosphere along the different phases of micropropagation, in heterotrophic, mixotrophic or autotrophic cultures. The election of the best strategy will be based on different factors as species, number of transplantes required, or quality-price relationship. enviromental control, tissue culture, micropropagation Keywords: in vitro enviromental, characteristic physiology,

  2. Influence of mycotoxins on protein and amino acid utilization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smith, T K

    1982-09-01

    The interrelationships between mycotoxins and the utilization of dietary protein are reviewed. Acute aflatoxicosis is characterized by reduced growth and fatty infiltration of the liver. Studies with poultry, swine, and monkeys have shown that supplements of dietary protein beyond normal requirements can overcome these conditions. High-protein diets, however, have been shown to promote hepatoma characteristic of chronic aflatoxicosis in rats. Aflatoxin interferes with utilization of dietary protein by inhibiting synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein. High-protein diets promote the metabolism of aflatoxin by the hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme system. The Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone increases membrane permeability and promotes uterine synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein. Supplements of dietary protein overcome growth reduction due to zearalenone and reduce the metabolic half-life of the toxin by promoting urinary excretion of free, unmetabolized zearalenone in the rat. The trichothecene mycotoxins disrupt normal protein metabolism by inactivating the ribosomal cycle. Protein supplements appear to have little effect on trichothecene mycotoxicoses. Most mycotoxins impair utilization of dietary protein. The effectiveness of protein supplements in overcoming mycotoxicoses will depend on the mycotoxin in question.

  3. Uso de glucocorticoides sistémicos en Pediatría: generalidades

    OpenAIRE

    Mónica Rodríguez González; Francisco Espinosa Rosales

    2016-01-01

    El cortisol y la corticosterona son hormonas sintetizadas y secretadas por la corteza (cortico) de las glándulas suprarrenales a partir del metabolismo del colesterol (esteroides). Debido a su papel en el metabolismo de carbohidratos se clasifican como glucocorticoides. Su regulación es dada por el eje hipotálamo– adenohipofisiario y tienen un papel pleiotrópico en homeostasis, metabolismo celular y regulación inmune.

  4. In vitro eugenics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sparrow, Robert

    2014-11-01

    A series of recent scientific results suggest that, in the not-too-distant future, it will be possible to create viable human gametes from human stem cells. This paper discusses the potential of this technology to make possible what I call 'in vitro eugenics': the deliberate breeding of human beings in vitro by fusing sperm and egg derived from different stem-cell lines to create an embryo and then deriving new gametes from stem cells derived from that embryo. Repeated iterations of this process would allow scientists to proceed through multiple human generations in the laboratory. In vitro eugenics might be used to study the heredity of genetic disorders and to produce cell lines of a desired character for medical applications. More controversially, it might also function as a powerful technology of 'human enhancement' by allowing researchers to use all the techniques of selective breeding to produce individuals with a desired genotype. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

  5. In vitro-in vivo extrapolation: estimation of human serum concentrations of chemicals equivalent to cytotoxic concentrations in vitro

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guelden, Michael; Seibert, Hasso

    2003-01-01

    In the present study an extrapolation model for estimating serum concentrations of chemicals equivalent to in vitro effective concentrations is developed and applied to median cytotoxic concentrations (EC 50 ) determined in vitro. Nominal concentrations of a chemical in serum and in vitro are regarded as equivalent, if they result in the same aqueous concentration of the unbound form. The algorithm used is based on equilibrium distribution and requires albumin binding data, the octanol-water partition coefficient (K ow ), and the albumin concentrations and lipid volume fractions in vitro and in serum. The chemicals studied cover wide ranges of cytotoxic potency (EC 50 : 2.5-530000 μM) and lipophilicity (log K ow : -5 to 7). Their albumin binding characteristics have been determined by means of an in vitro cytotoxicity test as described previously. The equivalent serum concentrations of 19 of the 33 compounds investigated, having high protein binding and/or lipophilicity, were substantially higher than the EC 50 -values, by factors of 2.5-58. Prominent deviations between the equivalent nominal concentrations in serum and in vitro were largely restricted to chemicals with higher cytotoxic potency (EC 50 ≤1000 μM). The results suggest that estimates of equivalent serum concentrations based on in vitro data are robust for chemicals with low lipophilicity (log K ow ≤2) and low potency (EC 50 >1000 μM). With more potent chemicals or those with higher lipophilicity partitioning into lipids and/or binding to serum proteins have to be taken into account when estimating in vivo serum concentrations equivalent to in vitro effective concentrations

  6. Effects of Aflatoxin on Liver and Protective Effectiveness of Esterified Glucomannan in Merino Rams

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fatma Colakoglu

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available The effects of total aflatoxin (AF given orally on liver in Merino rams were studied. In addition, this study was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy of an esterified glucomannan (EG for protection against aflatoxicosis. One-year-old 32 Merino rams were divided into four equal groups. The control group (C was fed with the commercial feed. The AF group was fed with commercial feed plus 250 μg/day of total AF. The EG group was fed with commercial feed plus 2 g/day of EG. The AF + EG group was fed with commercial feed plus 250 μg/day of total AF and 2 g/day of EG. After feeding period, tissue samples were taken from the liver in order to perform histological analyses. Vacuolar degeneration with small and large droplets and hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes were observed in the AF group. The ceroid pigmentation was observed in macrophages in groups or one by one. It was observed that the fat rate in hepatocytes was 2.6% in the C group, 35.5% in the AF group, 2.9% in the EG group, and 9.6% in the AF + EG group. In conclusion, the adverse effects caused by aflatoxicosis on the liver could be ameliorated by adding EG to the ration.

  7. Nitrogenous metabolism in Thoroughbred and Arabian foals from birth to five months of age Metabolismo do nitrogênio em potros PSI e Árabe do nascimento aos cinco meses de idade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G. Piccione

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available The maturation of nitrogen metabolism was studied in six Thoroughbred and six Arabian foals. Rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates and serum concentration of several hematochemical parameters (total protein, urea, uric acid, creatinine, and albumine were monitored from birth to 5 months of age. In both breeds, all the parameters except albumine showed significant differences over time (PA maturação do metabolismo do nitrogênio foi estudada em seis potros da raça Puro-Sangue Inglês e seis da raça Árabe. A temperatura retal, batimento cardíaco e concentração sérica de várias características hematoquímicos (proteína total, uréia, ácido úrico, creatinina e albumina foram investigadas do nascimento aos cinco meses de idade. Em ambas as raças, todas as características, exceto a albumina, mostraram diferenças significativas ao longo da maturação (P<0,05. As duas raças não diferiram uma da outra durante os períodos de vida equivalentes. Reduções significativas das concentrações de uréia e creatinina mostraram as necessidades de crescimento dos potros durante esse período crítico de desenvolvimento.

  8. Effect of in vitro irradiation and cell cycle-inhibitory drugs on the spontaneous human IgE synthesis in vitro

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Del Prete, G.F.; Vercelli, D.; Tiri, A.; Maggi, E.; Rossi, O.; Romagnani, S.; Ricci, M.

    1987-01-01

    The in vitro effects of radiation, diterpine forskolin (FK), and hydrocortisone (HC) on the in vitro spontaneous IgE synthesis by peripheral blood B-lymphocytes from atopic patients were investigated. Without affecting cell viability, in vitro irradiation inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion de novo IgE synthesis in vitro by B cells from all patients examined with a mean 40% reduction of in vitro IgE product after treatment with 100 rads. In contrast, the in vitro IgE production by the U266 myeloma cell line was unaffected, even by irradiation with 1600 rads. The addition to B cell cultures from atopic patients of FK consistently resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of the spontaneous IgE production in vitro. The addition to cultures of 10(-5) and 10(-6) molar concentrations of HC was also usually inhibitory, whereas lower HC concentrations were uneffective or even enhanced the spontaneous in vitro IgE synthesis. When 10(-6) molar concentrations of both HC and FK were combined in culture, a summation inhibitory effect on the spontaneous IgE synthesis was observed. In contrast, neither FK nor HC had inhibitory effect on the in vitro spontaneous IgE synthesis by the U266 myeloma cell line. The spontaneous in vitro IgE synthesis by B cells from patients with Hodgkin's disease, demonstrating high levels of serum IgE, was strongly reduced or virtually abolished after patients underwent total nodal irradiation to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, the in vitro spontaneous IgE synthesis by B cells from atopic patients was markedly decreased or abolished by in vivo administration of betamethasone

  9. Uso de glucocorticoides sistémicos en Pediatría: generalidades

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica Rodríguez González

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available El cortisol y la corticosterona son hormonas sintetizadas y secretadas por la corteza (cortico de las glándulas suprarrenales a partir del metabolismo del colesterol (esteroides. Debido a su papel en el metabolismo de carbohidratos se clasifican como glucocorticoides. Su regulación es dada por el eje hipotálamo– adenohipofisiario y tienen un papel pleiotrópico en homeostasis, metabolismo celular y regulación inmune.

  10. Escherichia coli Uropathogenesis In Vitro

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen, Thomas E; Khandige, Surabhi; Madelung, Michelle

    2012-01-01

    -stage infection events have not been replicated in vitro. We have established an in vitro model of human bladder cell infection by the use of a flow chamber (FC)-based culture system, which allows investigation of steps subsequent to initial invasion. Short-term bacterial colonization on the FC-BEC layer led...... to rods that could invade other BECs. Hence, under growth conditions established to resemble those present in vivo, the elements of the proposed uropathogenic cascade were inducible in a human BEC model system. Here, we describe the model and show how these characteristics are reproduced in vitro....

  11. Changes in lens following 60Co irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rozsival, P.; Obenberger, J.; Sladkova, J.

    1985-01-01

    Chinchilla rabbit lenses were irradiated using a 60 Co gamma source, and the changes in the transport activities, native weight, water content and dry weight were observed. The heads of rabbits were irradiated with doses of 10 and 20 Gy and functional changes occurring in the lenses were studied till the twenty-fourth week after the irradiation. The weight of the rabbit lens irradiated with a dose of 20 Gy significantly increased after the twelfth week and was maximal 16 weeks after irradiation when also cataracts were observed. The increased weight of lenses was caused by accumulation of water. The decrease in the dry weight of lenses preceded the period of visible cataracts. A decreased uptake of rubidium occurring during in vitro cultivation of lenses was the most sensitive marker for the changes caused by 20 Gy irradiation. It was significantly decreased as early as 8 weeks after irradiation, preceding the increased hydration of lenses by 4 weeks and the presence of visible cataracts by as much as 8 weeks

  12. Sulfuric acid and hot water treatments enhance ex vitro and in vitro ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Seeds of Hibiscus dasycalyx S. F. Blake and Shiller, a federally listed candidate endangered species and native to North America and two variants of Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex. Hiern were scarified using sulfuric acid and hot water. The effects of the scarification methods on in vitro and ex vitro germination in both ...

  13. Inhibition of growth of Leishmania mexicana mexicana by Leishmania mexicana amazonensis during "in vitro" co-cultivation Inibição do crescimento de Leishmania mexicana mexicana por Leishmania mexicana amazonensis durante o co-cultivo "in vitro"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel S. Pacheco

    1987-12-01

    Full Text Available Inhibition of one Leishmania subspecies by exometabolites of another subspecies, a phenomenon not previously reported, is suggested by our recent observations in cell cloning experiments with Leishmania mexicana mexicana and Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. Clones were identified using the technique of schizodeme analysis. The phenomenon observed is clearly relevant to studies of parasite isolation, leishmanial metabolism, cross-immunity and chemotherapy.Inhibição do crescimento de um subespécie de Leishmania por exometabólitos de outra subespécie, um fenômeno ainda não notificado, é sugerido em nossas recentes observações em experimentos de clonagem celular com Leishmania mexicana mexicana e Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. Os clones foram identificados usando a técnica de análise de esquizodemas. O fenômeno observado é claramente relevante em estudos de isolamento parasitário, metabolismo, imunidade cruzada e quimioterapia.

  14. Repair of the meniscus. An experimental investigation in rabbits

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Veth, R. P.; den Heeten, G. J.; Jansen, H. W.; Nielsen, H. K.

    1983-01-01

    The healing process of wedge-shaped and longitudinal lesions in the meniscus of the knee was investigated in 74 menisci in 24 Chinchilla rabbits. In four cases the whole meniscus was removed and reimplanted. healing was most evident in the wedge-shaped lesions, which were repaired by fibrocartilage.

  15. In vitro and in vivo Development of Cloned Ovine Embryos using in vitro and in vivo Matured Oocytes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Holm, P; Nagashima, H; Sun, F-J

    1995-01-01

    Cloning of sheep embryos by nucleus transplantation can be achieved by using in vivo matured (oviductal) oocytes and in vivo culture. However, these steps involve cumbersome procedures. Therefore, the effects of in vivo vs. the equivalent in vitro procedures on the pre-implantation development...... matured oocytes were enucleated and fused with inserted blastomeres from donor embryos. In vitro matured oocytes were enucleated and allowed to age prior to blastomere insertion and electrofusion. Fused embryos were cultured for approximately 132 h either in vivo in ligated sheep oviducts or in vitro...

  16. A mini review on aflatoxin exposure in Malaysia: past, present and future

    OpenAIRE

    Mohd-Redzwan, Sabran; Jamaluddin, Rosita; Abd.-Mutalib, Mohd Sokhini; Ahmad, Zuraini

    2013-01-01

    This mini review article described the exposure of aflatoxin in Malaysia, including its presence in the foodstuffs and the detection of aflatoxin biomarkers in human biological samples. Historically, the exposure of aflatoxin in Malaysia can be dated in 1960s where an outbreak of disease in pig farms caused severe liver damage to the animals. Later, an aflatoxicosis case in Perak in 1988 was reported and caused death to 13 children, as up to 3 mg of aflatoxin was present in a single serving o...

  17. ¿Son los errores congénitos del metabolismo causa prevenible de muerte súbita?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Álvarez Fumero

    2004-03-01

    Full Text Available El síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante (SMSL no es un proceso aislado, sino un hecho multifactorial y multicausal, del cual cada día se restan alteraciones potencialmente diagnosticables, para pasar a ser un diagnóstico de exclusión. Algunos errores congénitos del metabolismo (ECM han sido asociados al SMSL y/o a episodios aparentemente letales EAL, aunque la mayoría de ellos suelen tener alguna expresión clínica que los hace potencialmente diagnosticables antes de la muerte, lo que permite ser descartados de entre las causas del SMSL. De ellos, los más estrechamente relacionados con el SMSL son los trastornos de la betaoxidación mitocondrial de ácidos grasos. Solo del 3 al 5 % de los SMSL pueden guardar relación con ECM. El mayor impacto que representa el conocimiento de la asociación de SMSL y estos trastornos, es precisamente la posibilidad de su prevención. El personal médico debe conocer que la más eficiente forma de prevenir el SMSL relacionado con los ECM, es la búsqueda activa de lactantes de riesgo al realizar una exhaustiva anamnesis. Estos casos deben ser objeto de estudios metabólicos especializados, para lo cual es imprescindible conocer los requisitos de obtención, conservación y traslado de muestras al Laboratorio de Referencia.The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS is not an isolated process, but a multifactorial and multicausal event, of which there are less potentially diagnosable alterations every day, turning into an exclusion diagnosis. Some congenital errors of metabolism have been associated with SDSI and/or with apparently lethal episodes, although most of them may have some clinical expression that makes them potentially diagnosable before death, allowing to eliminate them from the causes of SIDS. Of them, the most closely related to SIDS are the disorders of mitochondrial betaoxidation of fatty acids. Only from 3 to 5 % of the SIDS may be related to CEM. The greatest impact of knowing about the

  18. The harmonized INFOGEST in vitro digestion method

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Egger, Lotti; Ménard, Olivia; Delgado-Andrade, Cristina; Alvito, Paula; Assunção, Ricardo; Balance, Simon; Barberá, Reyes; Brodkorb, Andre; Cattenoz, Thomas; Clemente, Alfonso; Comi, Irene; Dupont, Didier; Garcia-Llatas, Guadalupe; Lagarda, María Jesús; Feunteun, Le Steven; Janssen Duijghuijsen, Lonneke; Karakaya, Sibel; Lesmes, Uri; Mackie, Alan R.; Martins, Carla; Meynier, Anne; Miralles, Beatriz; Murray, B.S.; Pihlanto, Anne; Picariello, Gianluca; Santos, C.N.; Simsek, Sebnem; Recio, Isidra; Rigby, Neil; Rioux, Laurie Eve; Stoffers, Helena; Tavares, Ana; Tavares, Lucelia; Turgeon, Sylvie; Ulleberg, E.K.; Vegarud, G.E.; Vergères, Guy; Portmann, Reto

    2016-01-01

    Within the active field of in vitro digestion in food research, the COST Action INFOGEST aimed to harmonize in vitro protocols simulating human digestion on the basis of physiologically inferred conditions. A harmonized static in vitro digestion (IVD) method was recently published as a primary

  19. Influencia de los glucocorticoides inhalados sobre la densidad mineral ósea y el metabolismo óseo Inhaled glucocorticoids: influence on bone mineral density and bone metabolism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando D. Saraví

    2000-04-01

    Full Text Available Los glucocorticoides inhalados (GCI constituyen hoy un tratamiento de primera línea del asma bronquial. Los efectos sistémicos de los GCI, como la supresión del eje hipotalámico- hipofisario-adrenal, son en general menores que los de los glucocorticoides orales. Sin embargo, existe el riesgo de efectos adversos sobre el hueso a largo plazo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue revisar los datos publicados acerca de los efectos de los GCI sobre los marcadores del metabolismo óseo y la densidad mineral ósea en adultos y en pacientes pediátricos. Aunque los estudios examinados no proporcionan resultados uniformes, en términos generales sugieren que los GCI pueden afectar al metabolismo y a la densidad mineral ósea, en particular 1 cuando se administran a dosis elevadas (más de 400 µg/día en niños y más de 800 µg/día en adultos; 2 en pacientes pediátricos, en los que también pueden afectar al crecimiento en estatura; 3 en pacientes cuya ingesta de calcio y vitamina D es inadecuada, y 4 en mujeres postmenopáusicas sin terapia de reposición hormonal. En general, a dosis terapéuticamente equivalentes, la beclometasona tiene mayor efecto deletéreo sobre el hueso que la budesonida, y esta mayor que la fluticasona. Además de la precaución obvia de utilizar la menor dosis eficaz, se proponen como medidas preventivas: 1 la adecuada instrucción sobre el uso de los aerosoles; 2 el uso de cámaras de inhalación; 3 el enjuague bucal tras la administración de GCI, y 4 ajustes o suplementos dietéticos para asegurar una adecuada ingesta de calcio y vitamina D.Inhaled glucocorticoids (IGs are today the first-line treatment for bronchial asthma. The systemic effects of inhaled glucocorticoids, such as suppressing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, are generally less than those with oral glucocorticoids. However, there is a long-term risk of adverse effects on bone. The objective of this piece was to review the published data on the

  20. Genotoxicity Assessment of Chlorotrifluoroethylene Tetramer Acid using a Battery of In Vitro and In Vivo/In Vitro Assays

    Science.gov (United States)

    1990-12-01

    hypolipidemic ixgent, clofibrate (Lalwani et al., 1983). However, numerous industrial chemicals such as phthalate eater plasticizers and phenoxy acid ...AD-A240 492 AA..MRL-TR-90-069 ~l~iiIIi1111fl GENOTOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF CHLOROTRIFLUOROETHYLENE TETRAMER ACID USING A BATTERY OF IN VITRO AND IN VIVO... Acid Using a Battery of In Vitro and In Vivo,/n Vitro Assays PE 62202F 6. AUTHOR(S) PR 6302 TA 630201 C. S. Godin, B. C. Myhr, T. E. Lawlor, R. R. Young

  1. Changes in blood glucose and plasma lipids during gestation in ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Ten female Chinchilla rabbits with mean weight (1.9±0.1kg) were randomly assigned into two groups comprising of five each, to evaluate the changes in blood glucose and lipid profile during pregnancy. Control Group A was mated without prior synchronization, while rabbits in group B were synchronized with 0.15mg/kg ...

  2. A novel approach for in vitro meat production.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pandurangan, Muthuraman; Kim, Doo Hwan

    2015-07-01

    The present review describes the possibility of in vitro meat production with the help of advanced co-culturing methods. In vitro meat production method could be a possible alternative for the conventional meat production. Originally, the research on in vitro meat production was initiated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for space voyages. The required key qualities for accepting in vitro meat for consumption would be good efficiency ratio, increased protein synthesis rate in skeletal muscles, and mimicking the conventional meat qualities. In vitro culturing of meat is possible with the use of skeletal muscle tissue engineering, stem cell, cell co-culture, and tissue culture methods. Co-culture of myoblast and fibroblast is believed as one of the major techniques for in vitro meat production. In our lab, we have co-cultured myoblast and fibroblast. We believe that a billion pounds of in vitro meat could be produced from one animal for consumption. However, we require a great deal of research on in vitro meat production.

  3. In vitro ectomycorrhiza formation by monokaryotic and dikaryotic isolates of Pisolithus microcarpus in Eucalyptus grandis Formação de ectomicorrizas in vitro por isolados monocarióticos e dicarióticos de Pisolithus microcarpus em Eucalyptus grandis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maurício Dutra Costa

    2010-06-01

    ectomicorrizas foi observada para todas as linhagens testadas. Ectomicorrizas formadas pelas linhagens monocarióticas apresentaram manto de hifas circundando a raiz e rede de Hartig limitada à camada da epiderme, típica de ectomicorrizas de angiospermas. As percentagens de colonização, correspondendo ao número de ectomicorrizas em relação ao total de raízes laterais curtas, variaram de 23 a 62%. Algumas linhagens monocarióticas estimularam a formação de raízes laterais curtas, promovendo aumentos médios de 109% em comparação com o controle. A presença de alguns dos isolados no meio de síntese in vitro estimulou a produção de raízes laterais de maior diâmetro. As dimensões das raízes laterais e das ectomicorrizas variaram com o isolado inoculado, indicando variações dentro da população testada na capacidade de provocar mudanças morfológicas nas raízes da planta hospedeira. O dicário M5M11 apresentou maiores valores para produção de raízes laterais, número de ectomicorrizas e percentagem de colonização em comparação com os isolados monocarióticos correspondentes, M5 e M11, indicando a possibilidade de se selecionar isolados compatíveis eficientes para a produção de dicários superiores. O conjunto de isolados monocarióticos testado variou quanto à capacidade de colonização das raízes de E. grandis e de causar mudanças morfológicas nas raízes relacionadas ao metabolismo secundário, constituindo sistema-modelo para o estudo da genética, da fisiologia e dos processos morfogenéticos envolvidos na formação de ectomicorriza entre Pisolithus e Eucalyptus.

  4. Mineralización de uranio en la Sierra de Velasco, La Rioja

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morello, O.; Aparicio González, P.

    2013-01-01

    This contribution describes an uranium mineralization found in the Sierra de Velasco, La Rioja Province, Northwest of Ar¬gentina. In the study area crop out granites, pegmatites and metamorphic rocks. The host rocks of the mineralization are the La Chinchilla Granite (Carboniferous) and the La Cébila metamorphic Complex (Precambrian-Ordovician). The mine¬ralization is perigranitic and occurs disseminated, in fractures and in the contact between the granite and the metamorphic rocks. In the La Chinchilla Granite was identified a U-Nb-Ta oxide, and in the metamorphic rocks U-silicates (uranophane, uranophane-beta), U-phosphates (phurcalite and meta-autunite) and uranium oxides (pitchblende and coffinite) were found. (authors) [es

  5. Surto de aflatoxicose aguda em cães no município de Pelotas/RS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karina Guterres

    Full Text Available RESUMO: As aflatoxinas pertencem ao grupo das micotoxinas e são substâncias sintetizadas durante a multiplicação de fungos que podem contaminar alimentos e rações animais, produzindo efeitos agudos ou crônicos naqueles que os consomem. Os cães são sensíveis aos efeitos tóxicos das aflatoxinas, havendo dificuldades de diagnóstico definitivo desta doença devido a fatores, como a inespecificidade dos sinais clínicos e o custo elevado da análise da presença de toxinas na alimentação. Desta forma, o objetivo deste artigo foi relatar um surto de aflatoxicose em dezoito caninos, no município de Pelotas - RS, no qual apenas um canino não veio a óbito, após a ingestão de quirelas de milho e arroz contaminadas. O diagnóstico definitivo de aflatoxicose aguda foi obtido através dos dados da anamnese, exames complementares, resultados de necropsia e histopatologia, além de análise da presença de toxinas na alimentação dos animais. Na necropsia observou-se degeneração e necrose hepática severa e na análise das amostras de alimento foi constatada a presença de aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1 e G2, em um somatório de 898,2μg/kg na quirela de milho e de 409,86μg/kg na de arroz. Assim sendo, medidas de conscientização acerca do controle e prevenção das micotoxicoses devem ser tomadas, salientando os possíveis danos à saúde dos animais. Além disto, métodos de identificação de micotoxinas, devem ser implementados na rotina hospitalar, incluindo a análise da ração oferecida, visto que a aflatoxicose, muitas vezes é subestimada.

  6. Results of in vitro chemosensitivity assays

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tanigawa, Nobuhiko; Morimoto, Hideki; Akita, Toshiaki; Inoue, Hiroshi; Tanaka, Takeo.

    1986-01-01

    The authors reviewed their experiences to date with chemosensitivity testing of 629 tumors by human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA) and of 199 tumors by scintillation assay (SA). HTCA and SA were both performed using a double-layer-soft-agar system with continuous exposure of cells to one concentration of standard anticancer drugs. Overall, 60 % of specimens in HTCA and 58 % in SA produced significant growth in vitro. HTCA was 52 % (13/25) reliable for predicting in vivo sensitivity, and 95 % (36/38) reliable for in vivo resistance, whereas SA was 40 % (8/20) reliable for in vivo sensitivity and 88 % (21/24) for in vivo resistance. In vitro success rates were variable, depending on the tumor histology. In vitro growth of gastric cancer specimens was characteristically lower than that of colon cancer specimens (48 % and 60 % in HTCA, and 46 % and 68 % in SA, respectively). (p < 0.005). Optimal in vitro-in vivo drug concentrations and culture conditions are still being defined. Correlation studies of in vitro-in vivo responses of gastrointestinal cancers suggested that in vitro concentrations of 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C used in this study were considerably higher than their optimal doses. Tumor cell heterogeneity poses significant problems in the clinical use of chemosensitivity assays. In this last study, we sought evidence of tumor heterogeneity by comparing chemosensitivity responses between : 1) different portions of a single tumor, 2) a primary and a metastatic biopsy taken from a patient on the same day, and 3) different metastases from a patient taken on the same day. The results demonstrated the presence of considerable heterogeneity of response to chemotherapy among different tumors from the same patient, and even within the same tumor. The reported discrepancies of in vitro and in vivo sensitivity may be due to such therapeutic heterogeneity among tumors. (J.P.N.)

  7. Good cell culture practices &in vitro toxicology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eskes, Chantra; Boström, Ann-Charlotte; Bowe, Gerhard; Coecke, Sandra; Hartung, Thomas; Hendriks, Giel; Pamies, David; Piton, Alain; Rovida, Costanza

    2017-12-01

    Good Cell Culture Practices (GCCP) is of high relevance to in vitro toxicology. The European Society of Toxicology In Vitro (ESTIV), the Center for Alternatives for Animal Testing (CAAT) and the In Vitro Toxicology Industrial Platform (IVTIP) joined forces to address by means of an ESTIV 2016 pre-congress session the different aspects and applications of GCCP. The covered aspects comprised the current status of the OECD guidance document on Good In Vitro Method Practices, the importance of quality assurance for new technological advances in in vitro toxicology including stem cells, and the optimized implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices and Good Laboratory Practices for regulatory testing purposes. General discussions raised the duality related to the difficulties in implementing GCCP in an academic innovative research framework on one hand, and on the other hand, the need for such GCCP principles in order to ensure reproducibility and robustness of in vitro test methods for toxicity testing. Indeed, if good cell culture principles are critical to take into consideration for all uses of in vitro test methods for toxicity testing, the level of application of such principles may depend on the stage of development of the test method as well as on the applications of the test methods, i.e., academic innovative research vs. regulatory standardized test method. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Enantioselective metabolism of hydroxychloroquine employing rats and mice hepatic microsomes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmem Dickow Cardoso

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ is an important chiral drug used, mainly, in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and malaria, and whose pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties look to be stereoselective. Respecting the pharmacokinetic properties, some previous studies indicate that the stereoselectivity could express itself in the processes of metabolism, distribution and excretion and that the stereoselective metabolism looks to be a function of the studied species. So, the in vitro metabolism of HCQ was investigated using hepatic microsomes of rats and mice. The microsomal fraction of livers of Wistar rats and Balb-C mice was separated by ultracentrifugation and 500 μL were incubated for 180 minutes with 10 μL of racemic HCQ 1000 μg mL-1. Two stereospecific analytical methods, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC and capillary electrophoresis (CE, were used to separate and quantify the formed metabolites. It was verified that the main formed metabolite is the (--(R-desethyl hydroxychloroquine for both animal species.A hidroxicloroquina (HCQ é um importante fármaco quiral usado, principalmente, no tratamento de artrite reumatóide, lupus eritematoso sistêmico e malária e cujas propriedades farmacocinéticas e farmacodinâmicas parecem ser estereosseletivas. Em relação às propriedades farmacocinéticas, alguns estudos prévios indicam que a estereosseletividade pode se expressar nos processos de metabolismo, distribuição e excreção e que o metabolismo estereosseletivo parece ser função da espécie estudada. Sendo assim, o metabolismo in vitro da HCQ foi investigado usando microssomas de fígado de ratos e de camundongos. A fração microssômica de fígados de ratos Wistar e de camundongos Balb-C foi isolada por ultracentrifugação e 500 μL foram incubados por 180 minutos com 10 μL de HCQ racêmica 1000 μg mL-1. Dois métodos analíticos estereoespecíficos, por cromatografia líquida de

  9. Sacarose e período de cultivo in vitro na aclimatização ex vitro de ginseng brasileiro (Pfaffia glomerata Spreng. Pedersen Sucrose and duration of in vitro growth on ex vitro acclimatization of Brazilian ginseng (Pfaffia glomerata Spreng. Pedersen

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Etiane Caldeira Skrebsky

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng. Pedersen é uma planta extensivamente usada na medicina popular em decorrência de possuir propriedades fitoterápicas. Devido à sua baixa capacidade fotossintética, as plantas cultivadas in vitro requerem uma fonte extra de carboidratos para suprir suas necessidades metabólicas. O tempo de cultivo in vitro influencia as taxas de crescimento das raízes e da parte aérea de P. glomerata. Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar os efeitos da sacarose e do período de cultivo in vitro na aclimatização ex vitro de plântulas de P. glomerata. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma combinação bifatorial (5x2 entre cinco concentrações de sacarose (15, 30, 45, 60 e 75g L-1 e dois períodos de cultivo in vitro (25 e 32 dias após a inoculação. No cultivo in vitro, a parcela experimental consistiu de um tubo de ensaio contendo 10mL de meio MS e um segmento nodal, obtidos de plântulas mantidas in vitro, de 1,0cm de comprimento e sem folhas. O procedimento de aclimatização consistiu de quatro fases sucessivas de cultivo ex vitro: (i abertura dos tubos de ensaio e exposição das plântulas ao ambiente de câmara climatizada por três dias; (ii transplantio para substrato Plantmax e cultivo em condições de câmara climatizada por 21 dias; (iii transferência das mudas para ambiente natural parcialmente sombreado, com duração de 24 dias; e (iv transplantio para solo em condições de cultivo a campo. O maior crescimento das plantas obtido pelo aumento da disponibilidade de sacarose (concentrações entre 45 e 60g L-1 no cultivo in vitro contribuiu para a aclimatização. Independente do período de retirada das plantas do cultivo in vitro, as mudas obtiveram adequada aclimatização. O procedimento de aclimatização foi 100% eficiente na produção de mudas de P. glomerata.Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng. Pedersen is an extensively used plant in popular medicine due to its phytotherapic characteristics. Due to low

  10. Coinfection with Haemophilus influenzae promotes pneumococcal biofilm formation during experimental otitis media and impedes the progression of pneumococcal disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Weimer, Kristin E D; Armbruster, Chelsie E; Juneau, Richard A; Hong, Wenzhou; Pang, Bing; Swords, W Edward

    2010-10-01

    Otitis media is an extremely common pediatric infection and is mostly caused by bacteria that are carried within the nasopharyngeal microbiota. It is clear that most otitis media cases involve simultaneous infection with multiple agents. Chinchillas were infected with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or a combination of both organisms, and the course of disease was compared. In vitro experiments were also performed to address how coinfection impacts biofilm formation. The incidence of systemic disease was reduced in coinfected animals, compared with those infected with pneumococcus alone. Pneumococci were present within surface-attached biofilms in coinfected animals, and a greater proportion of translucent colony type was observed in the coinfected animals. Because this colony type has been associated with pneumococcal biofilms, the impact of coinfection on pneumococcal biofilm formation was investigated. The results clearly show enhanced biofilm formation in vitro by pneumococci in the presence of H. influenzae. Based on these data, we conclude that coinfection with H. influenzae facilitates pneumococcal biofilm formation and persistence on the middle ear mucosal surface. This enhanced biofilm persistence correlates with delayed emergence of opaque colony variants within the bacterial population and a resulting decrease in systemic infection.

  11. Kinetics of early in vitro development of bovine in vivo- and in vitro-derived zygotes produced and/or cultured in chemically defined or serum-containing media

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Holm, P; Booth, P J; Callesen, H

    2002-01-01

    The kinetics of the in vitro development of early embryos from bovine zygotes derived in vitro and in vitro were compared, investigating the effect of serum during in vitro maturation and fertilization (IVM-IVF) and in culture. Zygotes were collected from superovulated heifers or produced in vitro...... to the compact morula or blastocyst stages (87% versus 47-54 respectively; P

  12. In vitro metabolism and permeation studies in rat jejunum

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gammelgaard, Bente; Jensen, K; Steffansen, B

    1999-01-01

    The purpose of these studies was to compare the in vitro absorption of two inorganic chromium(III) compounds: chromium chloride and chromium nitrate, with organic chromium(III)-picolinate; and to investigate if any in vitro metabolism of chromium(VI) takes place. The in vitro metabolism studies...

  13. In vitro effect of the herbicide glyphosate on human blood platelet aggregation and coagulation Efeito in vitro do herbicida glifosato na agregação plaquetária e coagulação sanguínea em humanos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Teresinha de Jesus C. Neiva

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl-glycine] is a broad-spectrum, non-selective, post-emergence herbicide that is extensively used in agriculture. Published data referring to the effects of this product on human health are contradictory. We showed previously that long-term treatment of rats with low doses of Glyphosate-Biocarb® may induce hepatic histological changes and bleeding without decreasing platelet counts. The aim of the current study was to investigate, in vitro, the effect of glyphosate on human blood platelet aggregation and coagulation. Materials and methods: Platelet aggregation was determined in the platelet-rich plasma using the agents: 6µM-adenosine diphosphate, 6µM-epinephrine and 4µg/mL-collagen. Pretreatment with 500µg/mL glyphosate showed significant hypofunction of the three aggregating agents. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent at concentrations from 50 to 500 µg/mL. The release of ATP was lower for glyphosate-treated platelets after stimulation by collagen. On the other hand, glyphosate did not promote any inhibitory effects on prothrombin time, thromboplastin time and thrombin time. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that glyphosate promotes changes in the platelet metabolism with an inhibitory effect on primary hemostasis.O glifosato [N-(phosphonomethyl-glycine] é um herbicida pós-emergente não seletivo de amplo espectro muito utilizado na agricultura. Dados da literatura referentes aos efeitos desse produto na saúde humana são contraditórios. Em estudos prévios demonstramos que ratos previamente tratados com glifosato apresentavam lesões hepáticas e sangramento sem alterações quantitativas de plaquetas. O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar os efeitos in vitro do glifosato (GP na agregação plaquetária e coagulação sanguínea em humanos. A agregação plaquetária foi determinada em plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP usando os agentes adenosina difosfato (ADP 6µM, epinefrina 6µM e col

  14. In vitro propagation of Paphiopedilum orchids.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zeng, Songjun; Huang, Weichang; Wu, Kunlin; Zhang, Jianxia; da Silva, Jaime A Teixeira; Duan, Jun

    2016-01-01

    Paphiopedilum is one of the most popular and rare orchid genera. Members of the genus are sold and exhibited as pot plants and cut flowers. Wild populations of Paphiopedilum are under the threat of extinction due to over-collection and loss of suitable habitats. A reduction in their commercial value through large-scale propagation in vitro is an option to reduce pressure from illegal collection, to attempt to meet commercial needs and to re-establish threatened species back into the wild. Although they are commercially propagated via asymbiotic seed germination, Paphiopedilum are considered to be difficult to propagate in vitro, especially by plant regeneration from tissue culture. This review aims to cover the most important aspects and to provide an up-to-date research progress on in vitro propagation of Paphiopedilum and to emphasize the importance of further improving tissue culture protocols for ex vitro-derived explants.

  15. In vitro-in vivo correlation in skin permeation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mohammed, D; Matts, P J; Hadgraft, J; Lane, M E

    2014-02-01

    In vitro skin permeation studies have been used extensively in the development and optimisation of delivery of actives in vivo. However, there are few reported correlations of such in vitro studies with in vivo data. The aim of this study was to investigate the skin permeation of a model active, niacinamide, both in vitro and in vivo. Conventional diffusion cell studies were conducted in human skin to determine niacinamide permeation from a range of vehicles which included dimethyl isosorbide (DMI), propylene glycol (PG), propylene glycol monolaurate (PGML), N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone (NMP), Miglyol 812N® (MG), and mineral oil (MO). Single, binary or ternary systems were examined. The same vehicles were subsequently examined to investigate niacinamide delivery in vivo. For this proof-of-concept study one donor was used for the in vitro studies and one volunteer for the in vivo investigations to minimise biovariability. Analysis of in vitro samples was conducted using HPLC and in vivo uptake of niacinamide was evaluated using Confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS). The amount of niacinamide permeated through skin in vitro was linearly proportional to the intensity of the niacinamide signal determined in the stratum corneum in vivo. A good correlation was observed between the signal intensities of selected vehicles and niacinamide signal intensity. The findings provide further support for the use of CRS to monitor drug delivery into and across the skin. In addition, the results highlight the critical role of the vehicle and its disposition in skin for effective dermal delivery.

  16. Partial gastrectomy associated to anterior truncal vagotomy: alterations in metabolism of the calcium. Experimental study in rats Gastrectomia parcial e vagotomia troncular anterior: alterações no metabolismo de cálcio. Estudo experimental em ratos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elisvânia Freitas dos Santos

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The calcium is not absorbed in the lack of hydrochloric acid and the osteomalacia and osteoporosis may occurs; it is well recognized in patients that had gastric resection. AIM: To evaluate the effects of the partial gastrectomy associated to anterior truncal vagotomy in the absorption and metabolism of calcium. METHODS: Eighteen adults male Wistar rats were submitted to partial gastrectomy associated to anterior truncal vagotomy (GXT, eight animals and the sham operation (10 animals, control group. The diet consumption and the weight gains of the animals were measured three times during the week. The animals received formulated experimental diet orally (AIN-93M by eight weeks. The serum calcium, urinary and fecal calcium, apparent absorption of the calcium, activity of the enzyme alkaline fosfatase and calcium in the bone were measured after 60 days. RESULTS: The sham operated animals showed higher diet consumption, weight gains, serum and urinary calcium, excretion of calcium in feces, apparent absorption of calcium and activity of the enzyme alkaline fosfatase (PRACIONAL: O cálcio não é absorvido na ausência de ácido clorídrico e a osteomalácia e osteoporose podem ocorrer; este fato é bem reconhecido em pacientes que se submeteram à gastrectomias. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da gastrectomia parcial associada à vagotomia troncular anterior na absorção e metabolismo de cálcio. MÉTODOS: Dezoito ratos Wistar machos e adultos foram submetidos à gastrectomia parcial e vagotomia troncular anterior (oito animais e à laparotomia simples como grupo controle (10 animais. O consumo de dieta e o peso dos animais foram monitorados três vezes por semana. Os animais receberam dieta oral formulada experimentalmente (AIN-93M, durante 8 semanas. O cálcio sérico, cálcio urinário e fecal, absorção aparente de cálcio, atividade da enzima fosfatase alcalina e cálcio ósseo foram mensurados após 60 dias de observa

  17. Influência de um cultivo de camarão sobre o metabolismo bêntico e a qualidade da água Influence of shrimp cultivation on the benthic metabolism and water quality

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ubiratan de Freitas

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Atividades de cultivo de camarão tendem a aumentar a taxa de sedimentação de matéria orgânica nos corpos hídricos receptores de seus efluentes, devido à excessiva produção de produtos de excreção e sobras de ração. Dependendo das condições ambientais, o sistema pode não apresentar condições de autodepuração, gerando um grande acúmulo de nutrientes ao longo da camada sedimentar e intensificação do metabolismo bêntico levando, muitas vezes, o ambiente a um processo de eutrofização e possível situação de anoxia. Utilizaram-se, no presente estudo, incubações in situ com câmaras bentônicas transparentes e opacas, para avaliar o metabolismo bêntico em uma área de cultivo de camarão no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, RS. Ficou evidente a existência de uma clara interferência do cultivo nos processos de regeneração bêntica de nutrientes, incrementando os fluxos de nitrogênio (na forma de amônio e fósforo (fosfato. Embora a interferência desta atividade se tenha mostrado de abrangência local e temporária (apenas 4 a 5 meses do ano, é conveniente salientar que ela ganha maior importância em locais rasos e de circulação restrita, como é o caso de baías e enseadas, locais em que o cultivo de camarão é desenvolvido no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos.Shrimp farming activities tend to increase the organic matter sedimentation rate, by extreme inputs of excreta products and shrimp food (commercial shrimp diet into the environment. In certain environmental conditions, the auto-depuration system can be surpassed, generating a high production of nutrients at the sedimentary layer as a result of benthic metabolism intensification. Consequently the system can be induced to a eutrophication processes and anoxia. In the present study, in situ incubations with transparent and opaque chambers have been used to evaluate the benthic metabolism in semi-intensive shrimp farming areas in the Patos Lagoon Estuary (pen

  18. Factores de riesgo cardiovasculares y su relación con las alteraciones del metabolismo de los glúcidos y lípidos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lilian Leguen Gulgar

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: las enfermedades cardiovasculares han constituido la primera causa de muerte en Cuba, donde son escasos los estudios realizados sobre los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares emergentes como predictores del riesgo cardiovascular. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares con las alteraciones en el metabolismo de los glúcidos y los lípidos Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y correlacional a partir de una muestra de 105 personas de ambos sexos del universo de 346 trabajadores de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos. El estudio se realizó entre los meses de junio 2011 a julio de 2012. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, presión arterial, cintura abdominal, hábito de fumar, glucemia en ayunas, triglicéridos, colesterol, HDL colesterol, apolipoproteínas A y B, cocientes CT/cHDL y cociente Apo B/Apo A-I. Resultados: los mayores de 45 años del sexo femenino presentaron mayor prevalencia de la circunferencia abdominal alterada (60,0 %, hipertensión arterial (46,7 % y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (54,3 % con hipertrigliceridemia (43,3 %, valores bajos de HDLc (36,7 % y 2,8 mayor probabilidad de presentar circunferencia abdominal alterada; el 66,7 % de los diabéticos presentaron bajos valores de HDLc, el 33,3 % hipertrigliceridemia y el 66,7 % cociente colesterol total/HDLc elevado. Conclusiones: se observó asociación entre la edad mayor de 45 años, el sexo femenino, la obesidad, hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus tipo 2, mayor prevalencia de hipertrigliceridemia y bajos valores de HDLc en los obesos y en los diabéticos además de observarse mayor riesgo de bajos valores de HDLc y elevado cociente de colesterol total/HDL colesterol.

  19. Evaluation of Qualitative Indices of Meat Production in Rabbits

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tatiana Dabija

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Meat, in most cases, is a basic production in rabbits. The influence on meat quality and quantity have such factors as breed, age, slaughter gain, sex, etc. By age, adult rabbits have a higher body weight compared with the young, but their meat is more expensive. The most convenient is intensive growth of youth as the age of 3 months to be 2.3 to 2.5 kg body weight, food and labor costs during this period was minimal. It is considered optimal as young rabbits are slaughtered when they reach 50-60% by weight of adult animals. The biological material which was used was represented in two groups of Chinchilla rabbit and Flanders breed, each one consisting of seven rabbits of various sex. Groups of rabbits had the same conditions of maintenance and nutrition. Carcass weight was determined at slaughter, carcass meat, bones, by-products, blood, head, skin of young rabbit. The largest share of the carcass of live weight was obtained at age 4 months - 59%, and meat in the carcass weight at 2 months of life - 71.2% at Chinchilla breed. On average 31.9% had bones, by-products - 6.23%, blood - 3.78% head - 8.21% and skin of young rabbit - 11.9%. Average of carcass weight from live weight was 52.76%, in Flanders breed the highest recorded at age 4 months and 66.78% of the carcass meat, the highest being at 2 months old. The average weight of bones was 33.21%, by-products - 6.25%, blood - 3.53%, the head - 7.86%, and the skin of young rabbit - 11.89%. Slaughter gain ranged from 47% to 59% at Chinchilla breed, and from 47% to 60% in Flanders breed. The highest index was recorded in both breeds at the age of four months.

  20. Nuclear techniques and in vitro culture for plant improvement

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1986-01-01

    The continuous series of food shortages in many parts of the world have led scientists to consider the possibilities of using the new techniques to develop better varieties of plants. The basis for plant breeding is suitable genetic variability and mutation induction as the means to create additional variation. In vitro techniques are a relatively new tool in practical plant breeding. These Proceedings contain 62 papers and posters presented at the symposium, as well as excerpts from the discussions. The Symposium presentations are divided into the following sessions: Genetic variation from in vitro culture; Genetic stability of in vitro cultures; In vitro culture with application of mutagens; Haploids; In vitro mutant selection; Use of genetic variation derived by in vitro culture; In vitro techniques as aids in mutation breeding and Genetic engineering. A separate abstract is prepared for each of these papers and posters

  1. 21 CFR 201.119 - In vitro diagnostic products.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false In vitro diagnostic products. 201.119 Section 201...) DRUGS: GENERAL LABELING Exemptions From Adequate Directions for Use § 201.119 In vitro diagnostic products. (a) “In vitro diagnostic products” are those reagents, instruments and systems intended for use...

  2. ESTIMATING BASAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: THE VALUE OF THE HARRIS-BENEDICT EQUATION.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pinto, Andressa S; Chedid, Marcio F; Guerra, Léa T; Álvares-DA-Silva, Mario R; Araújo, Alexandre de; Guimarães, Luciano S; Leipnitz, Ian; Chedid, Aljamir D; Kruel, Cleber R P; Grezzana-Filho, Tomaz J M; Kruel, Cleber D P

    2016-01-01

    Reliable measurement of basal energy expenditure (BEE) in liver transplant (LT) recipients is necessary for adapting energy requirements, improving nutritional status and preventing weight gain. Indirect calorimetry (IC) is the gold standard for measuring BEE. However, BEE may be estimated through alternative methods, including electrical bioimpedance (BI), Harris-Benedict Equation (HBE), and Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation (MSJ) that carry easier applicability and lower cost. To determine which of the three alternative methods for BEE estimation (HBE, BI and MSJ) would provide most reliable BEE estimation in LT recipients. Prospective cross-sectional study including dyslipidemic LT recipients in follow-up at a 735-bed tertiary referral university hospital. Comparisons of BEE measured through IC to BEE estimated through each of the three alternative methods (HBE, BI and MSJ) were performed using Bland-Altman method and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. Forty-five patients were included, aged 58±10 years. BEE measured using IC was 1664±319 kcal for males, and 1409±221 kcal for females. Average difference between BEE measured by IC (1534±300 kcal) and BI (1584±377 kcal) was +50 kcal (p=0.0384). Average difference between the BEE measured using IC (1534±300 kcal) and MSJ (1479.6±375 kcal) was -55 kcal (p=0.16). Average difference between BEE values measured by IC (1534±300 kcal) and HBE (1521±283 kcal) was -13 kcal (p=0.326). Difference between BEE estimated through IC and HBE was less than 100 kcal for 39 of all 43patients. Among the three alternative methods, HBE was the most reliable for estimating BEE in LT recipients. Estimativa confiável do metabolismo basal em pacientes transplantados de fígado é necessária para adaptar os requerimentos energéticos, melhorar o estado nutricional e prevenir ganho de peso. Calorimetria indireta (CI) é o padrão-ouro para a medição do metabolismo basal. No entanto, ele pode ser estimado utilizando-se métodos alternativos

  3. 21 CFR 801.119 - In vitro diagnostic products.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false In vitro diagnostic products. 801.119 Section 801...) MEDICAL DEVICES LABELING Exemptions From Adequate Directions for Use § 801.119 In vitro diagnostic products. A product intended for use in the diagnosis of disease and which is an in vitro diagnostic...

  4. ADAPTATION OF THE OBTAINED in vitro Gentiana lutea L. PLANTS TO ex vitro AND in situ CONDITIONS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    О. Yu.

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The objective of the research was to develop the technology of introduction of the obtained by microclonal propagation Gentiana lutea L. plants into conditions in situ. Methods of cultivation of plant objects in vitro were used. There were chosen optimal conditions for rooting G. lutea shoots obtained through microclonal propagation in vitro: МS/2 medium with twice decreased concentration of NH4NO3 without vitamins and sucrose supplemented with 3 g/l of mannite and 0.05 mg/l kinetin, and agar (4 mg/l in combination with perlite (16 g/l used as a maintaining substrate; or the nutrient medium (MS/2 without vitamins and smaller concentration of N4NO3 with gradual decrease of carbohydrates from 10 g/l to 2 g/l, and further rooting experimental shoots in tap water. Rooted plants were adapted to conditions ex vitro through planting them into flowerpots with soil and gradual changing hothouse regime for exposed one. The share of adapted to in situ conditions plants (21% after a year of planting proves the suggested method to be efficient and promising. There was suggested this technology is the most efficient ones for revival of disturbed G. lutea populations that includes repatriation of rooted and adapted to ex vitro conditions plants obtained through microclonal propagation in vitro.

  5. The Ethics of Producing In Vitro Meat

    OpenAIRE

    Schaefer, G Owen; Savulescu, Julian

    2014-01-01

    The prospect of consumable meat produced in a laboratory setting without the need to raise and slaughter animals is both realistic and exciting. Not only could such in vitro meat become popular due to potential cost savings, but it also avoids many of the ethical and environmental problems with traditional meat productions. However, as with any new technology, in vitro meat is likely to face some detractors. We examine in detail three potential objections: 1) in vitro meat is disrespectful, e...

  6. Aspectos funcionais das catequinas do chá verde no metabolismo celular e sua relação com a redução da gordura corporal Functional aspects of green tea catechins in the cellular metabolism and their relationship with body fat reduction

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renata da Costa Lamarão

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available O chá é uma bebida amplamente utilizada, perdendo apenas para a água como a bebida mais consumida no mundo. O chá verde é rico em polifenóis, principalmente catequinas. Entre uma variedade de efeitos benéficos à saúde atribuídos ao consumo do chá verde, grande atenção tem sido focalizada no seu efeito na redução da gordura corporal. Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma descrição dos estudos com o chá verde e/ou seus compostos bioativos relacionados à biologia celular, estudos experimentais e epidemiológicos associados ao metabolismo lipídico e à redução da gordura corporal. Galato de epigalocatequina é o principal composto bioativo presente no chá verde e seus efeitos anti-obesidade estão sendo investigados. Tais efeitos estão associados a diversos mecanismos bioquímicos e fisiológicos, dentre eles podem-se destacar a estimulação do metabolismo lipídico pela combinação da ingestão de catequinas e a prática de exercícios físicos regulares. Apesar do efeito promissor do chá verde e seus compostos bioativos no tratamento da obesidade, estudos clínicos controlados devem ser conduzidos. Finalmente, um plano alimentar adequado associado à prática regular de atividade física constitui a principal ferramenta para a prevenção da obesidade e de suas comorbidades.The use of tea is widespread, second only to water in worldwide consumption. Green tea is rich in polyphenols, mainly catechins. Among a variety of beneficial health effects attributed to the consumption of the green tea, much attention has been given to its ability to reduce body fat. This study has the objective of presenting a description of the studies of green tea and/or its bioactive compounds related to cell biology and of experimental and epidemiological studies associated with lipid metabolism and the reduction of body fat. Epigallocatechin gallate is the main bioactive compound present in green tea and its anti-obesity effects are

  7. Replacement value of cocoa husk meal as a substitute for maize in ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Twenty crossbred weaner (Newzealand x Chinchilla) of six weeks of age were used to determine the effects of replacing maize with graded levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of cocoa husk meal (CHM) on the performance of rabbits in a completely randomized design for an eight week period. Feed intake increased ...

  8. Bioquímica. Bioquímica Metabólica, 2010-11

    OpenAIRE

    González-Núñez, Verónica

    2010-01-01

    El objetivo general de esta asignatura es adquirir conocimientos generales sobre el metabolismo de glúcidos y lípidos con un alto enfoque práctico. Por ello, se incluyen cuatro temas de teoría y tres prácticas de laboratorio. Esta asignatura se imparte en el 1er curso del Grado en Medicina. I. Materiales de clase: 1. Introducción al metabolismo. Glucolisis. 2. Ciclo de Krebs. Ruta de las pentosas-P. 3. Gluconeogénesis. Metabolismo del glucógeno. 4. Práctica: Hidrólisis enzimática y cuantif...

  9. Recent Advances in In Vitro Fertilization: Proteomics, Secretomics, Metabolomics and In Vitro Maturation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ercan Baştu

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Since its first successful result in 1978, clinicians and researchers have been working on increasing the efficiency and safety of in vitro fertilization (IVF. As a result of advances in technology and understanding of human reproduction, IVF success rates have increased while high-order multiple pregnancy (triplets and more rates have decreased. On the other, there is opportunity for further improvement as many couples still face ‘unexplained infertility’ and high rates of twin pregnancies. Latest technologic and scientific improvements in IVF are promising. The aim of this review is to present the latest advances in the fields of proteomics, secretomics, metabolomics and oocyte culture, how they can potentially improve embryo selection and in vitro maturation (IVM and subsequently their possible impact on the safety and efficacy of IVF.

  10. In-vitro mutation breeding technology in maize

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nesticky, M.

    1988-08-01

    Gamma-irradiation and in-vitro culture, separately or combined, as a tool for inducing mutation in maize were evaluated. This type of research has been hampered in maize because (i) maize is a cross pollinating crop and highly heterozygous and (ii) embryogenesis and plant regeneration of plants from in-vitro culture have been difficult. In the present study, carefully designed and elaborated experiments were conducted using an inbred line CH1 31 which is capable of somatic embryogenesis for the subject of mutagenesis and another line Bu 8Ro 2 for the test cross partner. Results showed: 1) Both the regeneration of plants from in-vitro culture and gamma-irradiation induced a similar spectrum of morphological variation. Although the variation with somaclones was more frequent that radiation induced mutations under the conditions used, combination of explant irradiation and in-vitro culture gave the highest frequencies of genetic variation. 2) Some of the mutations in quantitative characters can be recogned in heterozygous state. 3) Mutation can cause variation in combining ability (extent of heterosis). 4) Efficiency at embryogenesis differs with genotypes of maize. 3 refs, 11 figs, 4 tabs

  11. Weed control, biomass and microbial metabolism of soil depending on the application of glyphosate and imazethapyr on crop soybeansControle de plantas daninhas, biomassa e metabolismo microbiano do solo em função da aplicação de glifosato ou imazetapir na cultura da soja

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dirceu Agostinetto

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available Studied the weed control and the changes of biomass and microbial soil properties at crop cultivated both genetically modified and non altered soybeans because of glyphosate or imazethapyr herbicide applications. Soybean cultivations were tested (BRS 244RR, genetically modified and BRS 154, non modified and herbicides (glyphosate and imazethapyr, and control treatment with weed. Variables were evaluated for phytotoxicity to the crop, control of Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish, Digitaria sp. (crabgrass and Brachiaria plantaginea (alexsandregrass, total organic carbon (TOC, microbial biomass carbon (MBC, basal respiration (BR and metabolic quocient (QCO2. The herbicide glyphosate, applied as a single dose or sequentially, effectively controls the weeds wild radish, crabgrass and alexsandregrass and increases microbial activity, basal respiration and metabolic quocient. The microbial metabolism was not affected by the fact that the genotype or not genetically modified, but the use of the herbicide glyphosate.Estudou-se o controle de plantas daninhas, as variações da biomassa e do metabolismo microbiano do solo em áreas cultivadas com soja geneticamente modificada e não modificada, em função da aplicação dos herbicidas glifosato ou imazetapir. Testaram-se cultivares de soja (BRS 244RR, geneticamente modificada e BRS 154, não modificada e herbicidas (glifosato e imazetapir, e tratamento controle com capina. Como variáveis foram avaliadas a fitotoxicidade à cultura, controle de Raphanus raphanistrum (nabo, Digitaria sp. (milhã e Brachiaria plantaginea (papuã, teores de carbono orgânico total (COT, carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM, respiração basal (RB e quociente metabólico (QCO2. O herbicida glifosato, aplicado em dose única ou seqüencial, controla eficientemente as plantas daninhas nabo, milhã e papuã, e aumenta a atividade microbiana, a taxa de respiração basal e o quociente metabólico. O metabolismo microbiano do solo

  12. Fluxo biológico do fósforo no metabolismo de suínos alimentados com dietas contendo fitase Biological P flow on metabolism of pigs fed diets containg phytase

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Aparecido Moreira

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available A pesquisa foi conduzida para avaliar o fluxo biológico do P em suínos, na fase de crescimento, alimentados com dietas à base de milho, farelo de soja, farelo de arroz desengordurado e óleo de soja, isentas de P inorgânico e suplementadas com níveis crescentes de fitase (253, 759, 1.265 e 1.748 UF/kg de dieta, e destacar o melhor nível de utilização da enzima, usando modelos matemáticos. O modelo utilizado foi determinístico e compartimental, em que o trato gastrintestinal (C1, o plasma C2, os ossos (C3 e os tecidos moles (ossos, coração, figado, rins e músculos, estudados em conjunto (C4, representaram os compartimentos. Foram utilizados dados de metabolismo e cinética do P nos tecidos, obtidos pela técnica de diluição isotópica. Os parâmetros estimados foram: absorção, retenção, P endógeno que retorna ao trato gastrintestinal, P dietético absorvido, incorporação, reabsorção, balanço de P, P proveniente do osso, dos tecidos moles e do total absorvido que retorna ao trato gastrintestinal. o modelo biomatemático utilizado mostrou-se eficiente em explicar o fluxo do fósforo no organismo de suínos em crescimento. A fitase interferiu no fluxo biológico do P do compartimento C1 para o C3 e no refluxo dos compartimentos C3 e C4 para o C1. O nível 759 UF/kg de ração disponibilizou mais eficientemente o fósforo orgânico para o metabolismo dos suínos.The study was conducted to evaluate the biological flow of P in pigs fed diets based on corn, soybean meal, defatted rice bran (DRB and soybean oil, with increasing phytase levels (253, 759, 1265 and 1748 PU/kg of diet, using mathematics models. The model was deterministic and compartimental, in which the gastrintestinal tract (GIT (C1, the plasma C2, the bones (C3 and the soft tissues (liver, heart, kidney and muscle (C4 represented the compartments. Metabolism data and kinetics of P in tissues were used in the model, obtained by the isotopic dilution technique. The

  13. Germinação in vitro de sementes de alcachofra In vitro artichoke seed germination

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cassieli F de Moraes

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available A baixa taxa de multiplicação e alta de contaminação dos explantes são algumas das dificuldades na micropropagação da alcachofra. A germinação de sementes in vitro pode ser uma alternativa de obtenção de explantes sadios para estabelecimento de futuros cultivos in vitro. O trabalho desenvolvido no Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal da UPF-FAMV teve por objetivo avaliar a germinação in vitro de sementes de alcachofra cv. Nobre, em três experimentos, testando concentrações de cloro ativo na assepsia das sementes; tratamentos do tegumento (mantido intacto, com cortes laterais ou eliminação; condições de luminosidade (claro ou escuro; e dois meios de cultura [meio MS, com concentração de sais reduzida à metade (M1 e meio MS completo(M2]. Em ambos foram adicionados 30 g L-1 de sacarose e 7 g L-1 de ágar, sendo o pH ajustado para 5,6 ± 0,1 com NaOH. Os cultivos foram realizados em câmara de crescimento. A obtenção de plântulas sadias de alcachofra em curto espaço de tempo (sete dias, para utilização como fonte de explantes é viável a partir da germinação in vitro de sementes sem o tegumento (77,5% de germinação, utilizando os meios de cultura M1 ou M2 e câmara de crescimento desprovida de luz. Nestas condições, a assepsia das sementes pode ser realizada com álcool 70% por 30 min e posterior imersão em solução contendo 2% de cloro ativo por dez minutos, antes da remoção do tegumento.Low multiplication rates and high contamination in the explants are some of the difficulties in artichoke micropropagation. In vitro seed germination may be an alternative to obtain healthy explants for use in future in vitro cultivation. This project developed at the laboratory of Universidade de Passo Fundo was established to evaluate cv. 'Nobre' artichoke seeds in vitro germination. In three experiments, active chloride concentrations on seed aseptic technique; tegument treatment (kept intact, with side cuts and

  14. Variation in In Vitro Digestibility of Barley Protein

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Buchmann, N. B.

    1979-01-01

    impaired digestibilities; these findings were partially verified in a repeated field trial, but were not confirmed in vivo. In vitro digestibilities of barleys grown in pots at various N-levels were positively correlated with protein or hordein content. In vitro digestibility was negatively correlated...

  15. The Ethics of Producing In Vitro Meat.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schaefer, G Owen; Savulescu, Julian

    2014-05-01

    The prospect of consumable meat produced in a laboratory setting without the need to raise and slaughter animals is both realistic and exciting. Not only could such in vitro meat become popular due to potential cost savings, but it also avoids many of the ethical and environmental problems with traditional meat productions. However, as with any new technology, in vitro meat is likely to face some detractors. We examine in detail three potential objections: 1) in vitro meat is disrespectful, either to nature or to animals; 2) it will reduce the number of happy animals in the world; and 3) it will open the door to cannibalism. While each objection has some attraction, we ultimately find that all can be overcome. The upshot is that in vitro meat production is generally permissible and, especially for ethical vegetarians, worth promoting.

  16. Genotoxicity Assessment of Perfluorodecanoic Acid Using a Battery of In Vitro and In Vivo/in Vitro Assays.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1990-12-01

    clofibrate (Lalwani et al., 1983) and industrial chemicals such as phthalate ester plasticizers and phsnoxy acid herbicides (Reddy at al., 1976; Kawashima at...of hypolipideaic drugs ( clofibrate , nafenopin, tibric acid and WY-14643) on hepatic peroxisomes and p-3roxisome associated enzymes. Am. .7. Pathol. 90...AD-A240 490 AAMRL-TR-90-070 GENOTOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF PERFLUORODECANOIC ACID USING A BATTERY OF IN VITRO AND IN VIVO/IN VITRO ASSAYS C. S. Godin NSI

  17. Schedule dependent synergy of gemcitabine and doxorubicin: Improvement of in vitro efficacy and lack of in vitro-in vivo correlation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vogus, Douglas R; Pusuluri, Anusha; Chen, Renwei; Mitragotri, Samir

    2018-01-01

    Combination chemotherapy is commonly used to treat late stage cancer; however, treatment is often limited by systemic toxicity. Optimizing drug ratio and schedule can improve drug combination activity and reduce dose to lower toxicity. Here, we identify gemcitabine (GEM) and doxorubicin (DOX) as a synergistic drug pair in vitro for the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Drug synergy and caspase activity were increased the most by exposing cells to GEM prior to DOX in vitro. While the combination was more effective than the single drugs at inhibiting MDA-MB-231 growth in vivo, the clear schedule dependence observed in vitro was not observed in vivo. Differences in drug exposure and cellular behavior in vivo compared to in vitro are likely responsible. This study emphasizes the importance in understanding how schedule impacts drug synergy and the need to develop more advanced strategies to translate synergy to the clinic.

  18. In-vitro Synthesis of Gold Nanoclusters in Neurons

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-04-01

    ARL-TN-0753 ● APR 2016 US Army Research Laboratory In-vitro Synthesis of Gold Nanoclusters in Neurons by Maggie Gillan and...longer needed. Do not return it to the originator. ARL-TN-0753 ● APR 2016 US Army Research Laboratory In-vitro Synthesis of...

  19. Prevalencia de desórdenes del metabolismo de los glúcidos y perfil del diabético en Cartagena de Indias (Colombia, 2005

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alicia Norma Alayón

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en adultos mayores de 30 años residentes en Cartagena de Indias y caracterizar fenotípica y metabólicamente al paciente diabético en el año 2005. Métodos: Estudio de enfoque descriptivo y de corte transversal. La muestra incluyó un total de 749 personas, y fue obtenida por medio de un muestreo aleatorio simple, estratificado por sectores. Se aplicó una entrevista para recolectar y consignar la información sobre variables de estilos de vida, antecedentes familiares y sociodemográficas, antropométricas, como peso, talla y perímetro de cintura y cadera. Se tomaron muestras de sangre en ayunas para determinar concentración de glucemia y perfil lipídico por métodos enzimáticos colorimétricos. Cuando fue necesario, se realizó prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa, para diagnosticar fallas en el metabolismo de los glúcidos. El análisis de resultados se realizó utilizando el programa Epi-Info 2005 y Microsoft Excel. Resultados: Las prevalencias, ajustadas por edad y sexo, fueron de 8,93 % para diabetes mellitus tipo 2, 1,73 % para Intolerancia a la glucosa y 0,88 % para Glicemia alterada en ayunas. La mayoría de los participantes eran sedentarios y estaban en obesidad o sobrepeso, y presentaron una alta prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en las tres categorías (60,2, 65 y 77,8% respectivamente. Lo anterior obliga a pensar en la necesidad de implementar programas que promuevan estilos de vida saludables que logren impactar los perfiles de morbimortalidad de este tipo de desórdenes metabólicos.

  20. haematological parameters and serum biochemical indices of pre

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    mrmrsolayiwola

    2012-05-01

    BWSFM) on haematological and serum biochemical parameters in rabbit were studied. Thirty-two (32) cross-bred. (New Zealand-white X Chinchilla) male weaner rabbits aged between 6 and 9 weeks were randomly.

  1. Ameliorative Effects of Neutral Electrolyzed Water on Growth Performance, Biochemical Constituents, and Histopathological Changes in Turkey Poults during Aflatoxicosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denise Gómez-Espinosa

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Different in vitro and in silico approaches from our research group have demonstrated that neutral electrolyzed water (NEW can be used to detoxify aflatoxins. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the ability of NEW to detoxify B-aflatoxins (AFB1 and AFB2 in contaminated maize and to confirm detoxification in an in vivo experimental model. Batches of aflatoxin-contaminated maize were detoxified with NEW and mixed in commercial feed. A total of 240 6-day-old female large white Nicholas-700 turkey poults were randomly divided into four treatments of six replicates each (10 turkeys per replicate, which were fed ad libitum for two weeks with the following dietary treatments: (1 control feed containing aflatoxin-free maize (CONTROL; (2 feed containing the aflatoxin-contaminated maize (AF; (3 feed containing the aflatoxin-contaminated maize detoxified with NEW (AF + NEW; and (4 control feed containing aflatoxin-free maize treated with NEW (NEW. Compared to the control groups, turkey poults of the AF group significantly reduced body weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio and mortality rate; whereas turkey poults of the AF + NEW group did not present significant differences on productive parameters. In addition, alterations in serum biochemical constituents, enzyme activities, relative organ weight, gross morphological changes and histopathological studies were significantly mitigated by the aflatoxin-detoxification procedure. From these results, it is concluded that the treatment of aflatoxin-contaminated maize with NEW provided reasonable protection against the effects caused by aflatoxins in young turkey poults.

  2. Hematin-derived anticoagulant. Generation in vitro and in vivo

    OpenAIRE

    1986-01-01

    Prolongation of clotting times produced by hematin was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Hematin-derived anticoagulant (HDA) was found to be due to a degradative product or derivative of hematin, and was generated in vitro in standing (aging) aqueous solutions of the parent compound. Generation of HDA in vitro was inhibited by antioxidants. The anticoagulant effect of HDA was inhibited by freshly prepared hematin, fresh Sn-protoporphyrin, imidazole, or the iron chelator desferrioxamine....

  3. Evaluation of aflatoxicosis in hens fed with commercial poultry feed

    OpenAIRE

    DHANASEKARAN, Dharumadurai; PANNEERSELVAM, Annamalai; THAJUDDIN, Noorudin

    2014-01-01

    The effect of aflatoxin in the growth of hens was histopathologically analyzed. Mycotoxigenic fungi were isolated and characterized as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The aflatoxin was extracted from Aspergillus flavus and their impact on the growth pattern of hens was evaluated. The histopathological analysis reveals that more lesions were found in the vital organs of hens in comparison with the control chick group. In the present study, it is concluded that the quality of poultry ...

  4. Cyanic acid, Phytic acid, total tannin and aflatoxin contents of a Brazilian (Natal multimistura preparation Conteúdos de ácido cianídrico, ácido fítico, tanino total e aflatoxina em uma preparação brasileira (Natal de multimistura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisca Sônia CÂMARA

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available The utilization of a "multimistura" as food supplement, in nutritional improvement programs for the low-income population in Brazil, represents a low-cost and easy-to-use food preparation alternative, presentig reasonable nutritive value and satisfying local taste preferences. This is based on the fact that the "multimistura" is made up of non-conventional ingredients/foods and of agroindustrial by-products, rich in different nutrients. This paper was designed to determine some toxic and/or antinutritional factors of a "Multimistura" utilized as food supplement in institutional programs to prevent malnutrition by the Department of Welfare and Social Affairs of the City of Natal, RN. The product studied had the following formulation: 30% of wheat bran; 30% of wheat flour; 30% of corn meal; 3% of powder from cassava leaves; 4% of pumpkin seeds powder; and 3% of eggshell powder. The analysis of the main toxic and/or antinutritional factors showed very low concentrations of phytates and tannins and no detectable levels of aflatoxin and cyanic acid.O uso da "multimistura" como suplemento alimentar, em programas de intervenção nutricional para populações brasileiras carentes, vem se apresentando como uma alternativa alimentar de valor nutritivo razoável, baixo custo, preparo rápido e paladar regionalizado. Isto resulta do fato desta ser constituída principalmente de alimentos não convencionais e/ou subprodutos agro-industriais ricos em diferentes nutrientes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo dosar alguns fatores tóxicos e/ou antinutricionais de uma "multimistura" utilizada como suplemento alimentar em programas institucionais no combate à desnutrição da Secretaria Municipal de Promoção Social da cidade de Natal. O produto analisado tinha a seguinte formulação: 30% de farelo de trigo; 30% de farinha de trigo; 30% de fubá de milho; 3% de pó de folha de mandioca; 4% de pó de semente de jerimum; 3% de pó de casca de ovo. As an

  5. Increased venous thrombosis incidence in pregnancies after in vitro fertilization

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Anette Tarp; Kesmodel, U S; Juul, S

    2014-01-01

    STUDY QUESTION Is venous thrombosis risk increased in pregnancies after in vitro fertilization? SUMMARY ANSWER The venous thrombosis incidence was significantly increased in pregnancies after in vitro fertilization; especially in the first trimester and in the first 6 weeks post-partum. WHAT...... IS KNOWN ALREADY In vitro fertilization without pregnancy is not associated with increased venous thrombosis incidence. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This national register-based cohort study covered the period from 1995 to 2005. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS All Danish pregnancies conceived...... by in vitro fertilization (n = 18 787) were included. Venous thrombosis incidence rates in pregnancies after in vitro fertilization were compared with venous thrombosis incidence rates in reference pregnancies, by calculating incidence rate ratios. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In total, 48 cases were...

  6. In-vitro diagnosis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Poulsen, Lars K.

    2001-01-01

    This review on in-vitro diagnostic methods focuses on the use of methods to perform risk assessment on foods. Based on the International Life Science Institute (ILSI) risk decision tree, the methods are discussed and three scenarios are suggested: (i) testing for a well-known allergen; (ii) testing...

  7. Efeito da composição do farelo de soja sobre o desempenho e o metabolismo de frangos de corte Effect of soybean meal composition on broiler performance and metabolism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Fernando Pigatto Gerber

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Foi estudado o efeito do teor de PB (44, 46 e 48% do farelo de soja (FS utilizado na composição das rações sobre o desempenho, o metabolismo e a micrometria intestinal de frangos de corte. Os três FS foram obtidos de um mesmo FS, com 48,4% PB, adicionado de níveis crescentes de casca de soja desativada. Foram utilizadas 312 aves, distribuídas em três tratamentos, com oito repetições. As rações formuladas para as três fases de crescimento (1 a 7, 8 a 21 e 22 a 42 dias foram isocalóricas e isoprotéicas. Na fase de 1 a 7 dias, as aves dos três tratamentos não diferiram entre si quanto ao desempenho. No entanto, do 8º ao 21º dia, aquelas alimentadas com ração FS48% apresentaram melhor ganho de peso (GP e conversão alimentar (CA. A ração com FS48%, na fase de 1 a 21 dias, promoveu maiores peso corporal e GP e melhor CA que aquela com FS44%. Na fase de 22 a 42 dias, as aves submetidas aos tratamentos tiveram desempenhos semelhantes. Para os dados de metabolismo, nos dois períodos de coleta de excretas (3 a 7 e 39 a 42 dias de idade, a dieta com FS48% proporcionou o mais alto coeficiente de metabolizabilidade da EB e da MS, quando comparada à dieta contendo FS44%. A altura das vilosidades, a profundidade das criptas e o número de vilos na alça duodenal não foram afetados pelos tratamentos.It was studied the effect of soybean meal (SBM composition, varying in CP (SBM44%, SBM46% and SBM48%, on performance, metabolism and intestinal micrometry of broilers. Three SBM were produced from the SBM with 48.4% CP and increasing levels of toasted soybean hulls. Three hundred and twelve birds were assigned to three treatments with eight replicates. The diets were formulated for three periods: 1 to 7 days, 8 to 21 days and 22 to 42 days of age. All dietary treatments were isoenergy and isoprotein. From 1 to 7 days of age, no treatment effect on bird performance was observed. However, from 8 to 21 days of age, the birds fed SBM48% showed

  8. Chemical composition, secondary metabolites, in vitro gas ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Chemical composition, secondary metabolites, in vitro gas production characteristics and acceptability study of some forage for ruminant feeding in South-Western Nigeria. ... Chemical composition and qualitative analysis of saponins, phenol and steroids of the plants were determined. In vitro gas production (IVGP) was ...

  9. Bone and mineral metabolism in primiparous women and its relationship with breastfeeding: a longitudinal study Metabolismo óseo y mineral en mujeres primíparas y su relación con la lactancia: un estudio longitudinal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariela Glerean

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in bone metabolism in breastfeeding women (BF. We selected 30 primiparous women and compared them to 31 nulliparous women. We assessed bone mineral density (BMD in the lumbar spine (LS, femoral neck (FN and trochanter (TROC, biochemical parameters of bone turnover and hormone and cytokine levels at the puerperium, 6 months and 12 months after delivery. A trend to lower BMD of LS was seen at initial evaluation in BF. BMD in LS, FN, and TROC were increased 12 months after delivery. Baseline body mass index was higher in puerperal women (p = 0.02 and correlated with an increased FN and TROC BMD one year post delivery (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003. An increase in bone remodeling markers, and lower urinary calcium was observed; after 12 months these values normalized. Prolactin, parathormone related peptide (PTHrP and IL-6 were enhanced during the first six months of breastfeeding. We conclude that calcium for breastfeeding was obtained by transient mobilization of calcium deposits from the trabecular bone, and urinary calcium sparing induced by calciotrophic hormones and cytokines. Body weigth is an important factor in proximal femur BMD.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios que suceden en el metabolismo óseo de mujeres que amamantan. Se seleccionaron 30 mujeres primíparas y se compararon con 30 mujeres nulíparas como grupo control. Se evaluó la densidad mineral ósea (DMO del raquis lumbar (RL, cuello femoral (CF y trocánter (TROC, parámetros del remodelado óseo, hormonas y citoquinas. Estos parámetros se midieron en el puerperio inmediato, y a los 6 y 12 meses post-parto. La DMO del RL de la mujeres primíparas evidenciaron una tendencia a menores valores al comienzo de la lactancia comparadas con las mujeres controles, y se observó un incremento significativo de la DMO a los 12 meses, alcanzando valores similares al grupo control. La DMO en CF y del TROC aument

  10. Agent-Based Computational Modeling of Cell Culture: Understanding Dosimetry In Vitro as Part of In Vitro to In Vivo Extrapolation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quantitative characterization of cellular dose in vitro is needed for alignment of doses in vitro and in vivo. We used the agent-based software, CompuCell3D (CC3D), to provide a stochastic description of cell growth in culture. The model was configured so that isolated cells assu...

  11. Advances and perspectives in in vitro human gut fermentation modeling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Payne, Amanda N; Zihler, Annina; Chassard, Christophe; Lacroix, Christophe

    2012-01-01

    The gut microbiota is a highly specialized organ containing host-specific assemblages of microbes whereby metabolic activity directly impacts human health and disease. In vitro gut fermentation models present an unmatched opportunity of performing studies frequently challenged in humans and animals owing to ethical concerns. Multidisciplinary systems biology analyses supported by '-omics' platforms remain widely neglected in the field of in vitro gut fermentation modeling but are key to advancing the significance of these models. Model-driven experimentation using a combination of in vitro gut fermentation and in vitro human cell models represent an advanced approach in identifying complex host-microbe interactions and niches central to gut fermentation processes. The aim of this review is to highlight the advances and challenges exhibited by in vitro human gut fermentation modeling. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. In-vitro diagnostics of Hymenoptera venom allergy

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Rueff, F.; Vos, B.; Przybilla, B.

    In-vitro diagnostics of Hymenoptera venom allergy Patients with a history of anaphylactic sting reactions require an allergological work-up (history, in-vitro tests, and skin tests) to clarify indications on venom immunotherapy and on the type of venom to be used. To demonstrate a venom

  13. Consumo ilimitado, eficiencia y desigualdad urbana. Definición socioecológica del consumo urbano desde las perspectivas del marxismo y el metabolismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rubén Miguel Águeda

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Las mejoras en la eficiencia de los sistemas urbanos pueden resultar insuficientes en la búsqueda de una ciudad más respetuosa con el medio natural si el consumo en el interior de las ciudades sigue creciendo sin control y, especialmente, si este incremento no es consecuencia directa del comportamiento de los consumidores. Para explicar cómo la estructura de la ciudad interviene en el consumo se recurre a dos formas diferentes de entender el espacio urbano. Por un lado el estudio del metabolismo urbano cuantifica los componentes que intervienen en el consumo, por otro, las interpretaciones marxistas de la ciudad tratan de explicar las estructuras sociales, políticas y económicas que lo condicionan. El resultado es una teoría conjunta que permite interpretar todos los fenómenos y actividades que engloba el término consumo, aglutinando tanto la dimensión ecológica de éste como los aspectos sociales y políticos que intervienen en el mismo. Palabras clave Estructura urbana, sostenibilidad, flujos de circulación, escasez, desequilibrios sociales y ambientales Abstract Improving the efficiency of urban systems may prove insufficient in the pursuit of a friendlier city with the environment if consumption within cities continues growing out of control and, in particular, if this increase is not a direct consequence of consumers’ behavior. For explaining how the structure of the city intervenes in consumption we can use two different ways of understanding urban space. On one hand urban metabolism quantifies the components involved in consumption, on the other Marxist interpretations of the city try to explain the social, political and economic structures that condition it. The result is a joint theory that allow us to interpret every phenomenon and activity within the term consumption and that bring together both ecological, political and social dimensions involved. Keywords Urban structure, sustainability, circulation fluxes

  14. Differences between in vitro and in vivo obtained schistosomules Diferenças entre esquistossômulos obtidos in vitro e in vivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alan L. Melo

    1990-04-01

    Full Text Available The injection of cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni into the peritoneal cavity of naive mice induces cell adhesion to these larvae, and this adherence sharply decreases when the infecting larva changes to schistosomule. This procedure was used to detect differences between schistosomules obtained in vivo and in vitro. Reinoculation of schistosomules obtained in vivo into the peritoneal cavity of mice did not trigger cell adhesion. In contrast, adherent cells were found in 4 and 24-hour-in vitro schistosomules. Our data on schistosomules obtained in vitro indicate that more than 24 hours are needed for complete remotion of molecules involved in the phenomenon of cell adhesion.Injeção de cercárias de Schistosoma mansoni na cavidade peritoneal de camundongos normais induz adesão celular a estas larvas. Esta aderência diminui acentuadamente quando as larvas infectantes se transformam em esquistossômulos. Este procedimento foi usado para detectar diferenças entre esquistossômulos obtidos in vivo e in vitro. A reinoculação de esquistossômulos obtidos in vivo na cavidade peritoneal de camundongos não acarreta adesão celular. Por outro lado, células aderentes foram encontradas em esquistossômulos obtidos in vitro (4 e 24 horas, respectivamente. Nossos dados referentes a esquistossômulos obtidos in vitro indicam que mais de 24 horas são necessárias para a completa remoção de moléculas envolvidas no fenômeno de adesão celular.

  15. Enraizamento in vitro de porta-enxertos de Prunus In vitro rooting of Prunus rootstocks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Rogalski

    2003-08-01

    Full Text Available Na micropropagação de Prunus sp., o enraizamento tem sido considerado uma fase crítica, pois determina a sobrevivência das plantas durante a aclimatização. Dentre os fatores importantes ao enraizamento in vitro, destacam-se o genótipo e as auxinas por serem determinantes na indução e na formação de raízes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de IBA no enraizamento in vitro dos porta-enxertos de espécies do gênero Prunus: cultivares Capdeboscq e GF677, e seleções VP411 e VP417. Para o enraizamento in vitro, brotos com 2-3cm de comprimento foram introduzidos em meio de Lepoivre suplementado com 0,1; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 mg.L-1 IBA. Observou-se que o porta-enxerto 'Capdeboscq' apresentou maior taxa de enraizamento e maior número de raízes in vitro, sendo superior aos demais genótipos quanto a estas características. O nível de 1,0 mg.L-1 de IBA esteve associado à maior taxa média de enraizamento (100%, 64% e 64,0%, respectivamente para os porta-enxertos 'Capdeboscq', 'GF677' e VP411. O nível de 2,0 mg.L-1 de IBA foi superior para a seleção VP417 com taxa de 64% de enraizamento. Para os porta-enxertos 'Capdeboscq' e 'GF677', o número máximo de raízes foi de 9,6 e 5,2 raízes por broto, respectivamente, em resposta ao nível de 2,0 mg.L-1 de IBA, enquanto as seleções VP411 e VP417 apresentaram o maior número de raízes (3,6 e 3,9, respectivamente em resposta ao nível de 1,0 mg.L-1 de IBA.In Prunus sp. micropropagation of rooting is considered a critical stage, since it determines the plant survival during the acclimatization. Among important factors associated with rooting, the genotype and the auxins are considered important in the induction and formation of roots. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of different IBA on the in vitro rooting of Prunus rootstocks Capdeboscq and GF677, and the selections VP411 and VP417. For the in vitro rooting stage, shoots of

  16. Tolerance induction to a thymus-dependent antigen in vitro: treatment of nonadherent cells with tolerogen biologically filtered in vitro

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Geyer, J.W.; Kong, Y.M.

    1974-01-01

    Highly tolerogenic bovine gamma globulin (BGG), a thymus-dependent antigen, was prepared by biologic filtration in vitro. It readily induced tolerance in vivo in BALB/c mice and also rendered their nonadherent lymph node cells tolerant after in vitro incubation. Biologic filtration in vitro was carried out by incubating 2.5 x 10 7 lymph node cells with 10 mg of nontolerogenic BGG in 10 ml of Eagle's medium containing 2 percent normal mouse serum at 37 0 C for 6 hr. The BGG-containing medium was clarified by centrifugation and was used without further dilution. For tolerance induction in vitro, lymph node cells were separated into adherent and nonadherent populations on Falcon plastic. These cells were incubated for 0 to 18 hr at 37 0 C with biologically filtered BGG (bBGG). After incubation, the cells were washed three times and (2 to 2.5) x 10 7 nonadherent or 4 x 10 6 adherent cells were injected iv with their untreated counterpart into lethally irradiated mice which had received 10 6 bone marrow cells. The recipients were then challenged with 300 μg of aggregated BGG, and tolerance was assayed by the elimination of labeled BGG, rosette formation, and passive hemagglutination. Spleen cells were similarly treated for comparison. Our findings show that tolerance was not induced in vitro in adherent lymph node cells. However, in the nonadherent populations, those from the lymph node but not the spleen were rendered tolerant. The acquisition of tolerance in vitro was gradual. It was dependent upon the length of exposure to bBGG and required at least 6 hr

  17. Efeito dos resíduos de café seco e fermentado por Monascus ruber no metabolismo de camundongos Apo E

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Larissa Froede Brito

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A aterosclerose é uma doença inflamatória crônica de origem multifatorial que ocorre em resposta à agressão endotelial. O fungo Monascus ruber apresenta atividade hipocolesterolêmica e polifenóis presentes no resíduo de café apresentam atividade antioxidante, podendo auxiliar na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares. O resíduo de café possui quantidade significativa de açúcares fermentescíveis, constituindo-se em substrato apropriado para o cultivo de fungos. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos resíduos de café seco e fermentado por Monascus ruber no metabolismo lipídico de camundongos knockout Apo E. MÉTODOS: O ensaio biológico foi realizado com 30 camundongos knockout para o gene Apo E, divididos em cinco grupos e submetidos a diferentes tratamentos. Foi realizada a prospecção fitoquímica e quantificação de compostos fenólicos dos resíduos fermentado e sem fermentar. O soro dos animais foi analisado utilizando kits enzimáticos e o tecido aórtico incluso em parafina e corado com H/E para realização da análise histopatológica. RESULTADOS: O resíduo de café sem fermentar 2%, em relação ao grupo controle, diminuiu em 42% o nível sérico de triacilgliceróis e em aproximadamente 41% a fração VLDL-c. Os grupos dos animais alimentados com 10% de resíduo não fermentado e 2% de resíduo fermentado diminuíram a área de lesão 10,5% e 15,4%, respectivamente, quando comparados ao controle. O resíduo fermentado apresentou um teor de compostos fenólicos superior ao resíduo não fermentado. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo mostra que a fermentação do resíduo de café apresenta potencial efeito benéfico sobre as doenças cardiovasculares, especialmente a aterosclerose.

  18. Ex Vitro Seedling Development from In Vitro Rhizome-Like Bodies in Eulophia promensis Lindl.: A New Technique for Orchid Propagation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohammad Musharof Hossain

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available This communication describes in vitro seed germination, embryo differentiation, and ex vitro seedling production from in vitro rhizome-like bodies of a terrestrial orchid, Eulophia promensis Lindl. Effects of two nutrient media, namely, Murashige and Skoog (MS and Phytotechnology Orchid Seed Sowing medium (P723 supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; 0.5–1.0 mgL−1 and/or α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; 0.5–1.0 mgL−1 and activated charcoal (2.0 gL−1, were studied on seed germination and subsequent development of embryos. Maximum seed germination (100% was recorded in P723 medium fortified with 1.0 mgL−1 BAP + 2.0 gL−1 activated charcoal. The different developmental stages of protocorm morphogenesis were traced out. In subsequent subcultures, the protocorms proliferated profusely and developed rhizome-like bodies (RLBs with numerous hair-like structures. These RLBs were transferred to pots containing potting mixture composed of humus + coir dust + saw dust (1 : 1 : 1 where ∼80% of RLBs survived and produced 1–3 seedlings per RLB. This is the first time report for in vitro germination of seeds and ex vitro seedling production from in vitro raised RLBs in Eulophia promensis. This is a time saving and cost effective protocol that could be extended to other economically important, rare, and endangered orchids for propagation and conservation.

  19. The Metabolism of Tritium-Labelled Epinephrine in Man; Metabolisme de l'Adrenaline Tritiee dans l'Organisme Humain; 041c 0435 0414 ; Metabolismo de la Adrenalina Marcada con Tritio en el Hombre

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Labrosse, E. H.; Axelrod, J.; Kopin, I. J.; Kety, S. S. [National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD (United States)

    1962-02-15

    It was of interest to us to study the metabolism of epinephrine in normal human subjects. Studies of epinephrine metabolism in animals have indicated the possible routes of its metabolism, but the doses, both of radioactivity and of the catechol amine, have been greater than the levels which are safe to use in humans. Also earlier studies of the metabolism of this hormone in humans have been limited by the relatively low specific activity of the labelled epinephrine. The use of tritium-labelled epinephrine (7-H{sup 3}-dl-epinephrine- d-bitartrate) has made possible more complete recovery of the administered radioactivity, and the higher specific activity (greater than 300 {mu}c/mg) has allowed isolation and quantification of new metabolites. In twelve normal human males 92.6 {+-} 7.7% of the tritium in the infused H{sup 3}-epinephrine was excreted into the urine within 54 h following the infusion of the tritium-labelled epinephrine. The tritium-labelled urinary constituents were as follows: unchanged epinephrine 6.8 {+-} 1.5%, free metanephrine 5.2 {+-} 1.1%, metanephrine glucuronide 6.0 {+-} 1.5%, metanephrine sulphate 29.5 {+-} 9.0%, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol 7.1 {+-} 1.4%, free and conjugated 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid 1.6 {+-} 0-6% and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid 41.2 {+-} 8.4%. As demonstrated by this and related experiments, the biological application of tritium-labelled epinephrine has made possible a much more complete understanding of the metabolism of this important hormone in humans. (author) [French] L'etude du metabolisme de l'adrenaline dans l'organisme de l'homme normal a presente un reel interet. Des etudes faites sur les animaux avaient montre quelles etaient les voies possibles de ce metabolisme, mais les doses de radioactivite et de catecholamine employees etaient superieures a celles qui peuvent etre administrees a l'homme sans presenter de danger. Les etudes anterieures sur le metabolisme de cette hormone chez l'homme avaient ete

  20. IVF-In Vitro Fertilization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kieffer, George H.

    1980-01-01

    Issues surrounding the controversial topic of in vitro fertilization and artificial manipulation of reproduction are discussed. The author examines the moral and ethical implications and presents results of a survey of various religious groups. (SA)

  1. Comparative leaf anatomy of long pepper (Piper hispidinervum C. DC. and spiked pepper (Piper aduncum L. cultured in vitro, ex vitro and in vivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simone de Alencar Maciel

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Piper hispidinervum and Piper aduncum contain the secondary metabolites safrole and dilapiol, and there is commercial interest in their essential oils. The study aimed to compare anatomical aspects related to physiological responses of leaves from P. hispidinervum and P. aduncum propagated in vitro, in vivo and during acclimatization. Paradermal sections and cross-sections of leaves from in vitro, ex vitro and in vivo culture, were obtained for the measurement of anatomical structures using a light microscope. The thickness of the epidermis and hypodermis of P. hispidinervum and P. aduncum underwent changes in the transition from in vitro to ex vitro. Mesophyll tissues and stomatal pore opening of both species were inluenced by the environment in vitro. Different cultivation environments promote the plasticity of the cellular structures of the leaf blade and underlie the success of micropropagation of both species.

  2. In vitro screening methods for assessing plant disease resistance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lebeda, A.; Svabova, L.

    2010-01-01

    A combination of biotechnological and phytopathological techniques provides an alternative approach to classical resistance breeding methods. Such techniques have been increasingly used since the 1980s, in parallel with the progress in plant biotechnology. In the approach of resistance screening and selection in vitro, both experimental objects, i.e., the plant and the pathogen, must first be transferred to in vitro conditions, and finally, the plant material must be transferred back to in vivo conditions and adapted to the outside settings. Specific attention must be paid to the methods of pathogen preparation for use in screening and selection in vitro. The selection agents are classified according to their origin, the methods of preparation, nature and content of active substances, and effective utilisation for screening or selection in vitro. Basic principles and methodological aspects of the in vitro work (explant cultures, sources of in vitro variability, screening and selection methods, types of selection agents) as well as examples of practical applications in the breeding of different crops are critically reviewed in this chapter. (author)

  3. In vitro techniques for crop improvement

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1985-01-01

    The film refers to principles of plant tissue culture - laboratory requirements, media preparation, explant establishment and subculturing method. In vitro growth and development of crop plants are demonstrate and the application of in vitro techniques in plant breeding is discussed. The second part of the film shows the application of cell, tissue and organ culture in plants. Micropropagation and virus eradication are important technologies for the improvement of vegetatively propagated plants; zygotic embryo rescue techniques are used for distant hybridization, especially in cereals. Plant biotechnology offers a potent means for the in vitro generation of enhanced genetic variability - somaclonal and mutagen induced variation. Principles of the isolation and culture of plant protoplasts are explained and their potential for somatic hybridization in higher plants is demonstrated. Haploids are valuable to accelerate breeding cycles of plants. Plant biotechnology is described as an important complementary tool to conventional plant breeding methods

  4. In Vitro Exposure Systems and Dosimetry Assessment Tools ...

    Science.gov (United States)

    In 2009, the passing of The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act facilitated the establishment of the FDA Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) and gave it regulatory authority over the marketing, manufacture and distribution of tobacco products, including those termed “modified risk”. On 4-6 April 2016, the Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc. (IIVS) convened a workshop conference titled “In Vitro Exposure Systems and Dosimetry Assessment Tools for Inhaled Tobacco Products” to bring together stakeholders representing regulatory agencies, academia, and industry to address the research priorities articulated by the FDA CTP. Specific topics were covered to assess the status of current in vitro smoke and aerosol/vapor exposure systems, as well as the various approaches and challenges to quantifying the complex exposures, in in vitro pulmonary models developed for evaluating adverse pulmonary events resulting from tobacco product exposures. The four core topics covered were, 1) Tobacco Smoke And E-Cigarette Aerosols, 2) Air-Liquid Interface-In Vitro Exposure Systems, 3) Dosimetry Approaches For Particles And Vapors; In Vitro Dosimetry Determinations and 4) Exposure Microenvironment/Physiology Of Cells. The two and a half day workshop included presentations from 20 expert speakers, poster sessions, networking discussions, and breakout sessions which identified key findings and provided recommendations to advance these technologies. Here, we will re

  5. Biological evaluation of dental materials, in vitro and in vivo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kawahara, H.

    1982-01-01

    In this paper, the correlation between the user of tissue culture for in vitro tests and the tissue irritability and pupal response observed in in vitro tests, will be discussed. It would produce confusion if dental materials were standardised with the unreliable parameter of the living system in dynamic balance. Biological tests, both in vitro and in vivo, should be used for pre-standards testing, without any political control to establish physicochemical standards. As a first step, corrosion tests and the dissolution dosje of toxic components from the material in the tissue culture medium and/or artificial salvia should be standardised under conditions simulating the oral environment. The CNC method and photo-pattern analysis are used for the interpretation of cytotoxicity. The need for biological testing, both in vitro and in vivo, definitely exists in order to obtain physicochemical standards, with a biological simulation depending upon the feedback obtained from the results of in vitro and in vivo tests

  6. First description of Cryptosporidium ubiquitum XIIa subtype family in farmed fur animals

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Kellnerová, K.; Holubová, Nikola; Jandova, Anna; Vejcik, A.; McEvoy, J.; Sak, Bohumil; Kváč, Martin

    2017-01-01

    Roč. 59, JUN (2017), s. 108-113 ISSN 0932-4739 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA15-01090S Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : Apicomplexa * Chinchillas * Cryptosporidium * gp60 * Foxes * Mink * Nutrias Subject RIV: GJ - Animal Vermins ; Diseases, Veterinary Medicine OBOR OECD: Veterinary science Impact factor: 2.581, year: 2016

  7. Qualidade da castanha-do-brasil do comércio de Rio Branco, Acre Quality of Brazil nuts marketed in Rio Branco, Acre

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Virgínia de Souza Álvares

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de castanhas-do-brasil beneficiadas e comercializadas em Rio Branco, Acre. Foram analisadas amostras das três marcas de castanha encontradas no mercado local quanto às variáveis: atividade de água, teor de umidade, contagem total de fungos filamentosos, quantificação de Aspergillus flavus e de A. parasiticus, bem como quantificação de aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1 e G2. As castanhas do comércio se encontravam com um teor de umidade e atividade de água adequados, o que pode ter sido responsável pela baixa contaminação por fungos e por aflatoxinas. Quanto a estas micotoxinas, as amostras estão de acordo com o recomendado pela Anvisa, podendo ser esta uma consequência da grande divulgação no Estado do uso de Boas Práticas no manejo da castanha.The goal of this paper was to evaluate the quality of Brazil nuts processed and marketed in the city of Rio Branco, in the state of Acre (Brazil. We analysed three samples for water activity, moisture content, total fungus quantification of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, as well as quantification of total aflatoxin, Afla B1, Afla B2, Afla G1 and Afla G2. The nut samples from the market showed an appropriate moisture content and water activity, which may have been responsible for the low fungus contamination and aflatoxin production. As to these mycotoxins, the samples were consistent with Anvisa's recommendations, which may be a consequence of good management of the nuts in Acre.

  8. In vitro folding of inclusion body proteins.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rudolph, R; Lilie, H

    1996-01-01

    Insoluble, inactive inclusion bodies are frequently formed upon recombinant protein production in transformed microorganisms. These inclusion bodies, which contain the recombinant protein in an highly enriched form, can be isolated by solid/liquid separation. After solubilization, native proteins can be generated from the inactive material by using in vitro folding techniques. New folding procedures have been developed for efficient in vitro reconstitution of complex hydrophobic, multidomain, oligomeric, or highly disulfide-bonded proteins. These protocols take into account process parameters such as protein concentration, catalysis of disulfide bond formation, temperature, pH, and ionic strength, as well as specific solvent ingredients that reduce unproductive side reactions. Modification of the protein sequence has been exploited to improve in vitro folding.

  9. Desempenho de perus de corte alimentados com níveis crescentes de aflatoxinas, com ou sem adição de adsorvente Turkey performance fed with increasing aflatoxins levels, with or without adsorvent inclusion

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Janio Morais Santurio

    1998-03-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado durante o verão de 1995/96 com o objetivo de determinar o nível de aflatoxinas (AFL capaz de causar prejuízos no desempenho de perus de corte criados sob condições ambientais de baixo desafio, bem como avaliar a eficácia da adição de bentonita sódica natural (BSN como um adsorvente. Foram utilizados 1008 perus de corte, alojados em 84 boxes seguindo um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com 14 tratamentos distribuídos em um arranjo fatorial 7x2, sendo 7 níveis de adição de AFL, (0, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 e 2000ppb e 2 níveis de adição de BSN (0 e 0,5%. Aos 21 dias de idade, as aves alimentadas com as dietas sem adição de BSN mostraram uma redução significativa (PThis experiment was carried out in the 1995/96 summer to determine the aflatoxin (AFL levels ability to decrease turkey performance raised under excellent environmental conditions and also to avaluate a natural sodium bentonite (NSB efficiency as an adsorbent. One thousand and eight poults were housed in 84 floor pens following a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments arranged in a 7x2 factorial, with 7 AFL levels (0, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000ppb and 2 NSB levels (0 and 0.5%. At 21 days of age the birds fed without NSB showed body weight gain (BWG and feed intake (FI reduction (P<0.05 from 500ppb or more of AFL, whereas the birds fed with NSB showed BWG and FI reduction (P<0.05 only from 1000ppb or more of AFL. These same results were observed at 40 days of age, but at 70 days, the BWG and FI reduction was statistically significant (P<0.05 from 500ppb or more of AFL, with or without NSB inclusion. In general, birds fed with NSB had about 15 to 20% less BWG and FI reduction than birds fed without NSB. The feed conversion (FC was less affected by AFL levels, although it worsened with increasing AFL levels. AFL have greatly affected the mortality rate. At 21 days of age the birds fed with 1000 and 2000pbb of

  10. Metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos em ovelhas naturalmente infectadas por nematódeos gastrintestinais e correlação entre nível sérico de cortisol e carga parasitária Neutrophils oxidative metabolism in sheep naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes and correlation between serum level of cortisol and parasitary burden

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P.C. Ciarlini

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available Estudaram-se as relações entre o metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos, os níveis séricos de cortisol e a carga parasitária estimada pela contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG no final da gestação, durante a lactação e após o desmame de ovelhas naturalmente infectadas por nematódeos gastrintestinais. Utilizaram-se 22 ovelhas da raça Suffolk, homogêneas quanto à idade (três a quatro anos, número de parições (terceira e época de parição. O cortisol sérico foi determinado por radioimunoensaio e o metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos pelo teste de redução do tetrazólio nitroazul (NBT. Os maiores valores de OPG foram observados na quinta semana de lactação, e as maiores taxas de cortisol e de redução do NBT ocorreram na quarta semana pós-desmame. Verificou-se correlação positiva (r = 0,52; PThe relationships between neutrophils oxidative metabolism, cortisol serum levels and worm burden, estimated by fecal egg count (EPG, were studied in sheep naturally infected by gastrointestinal parasites at the end of pregnancy, during lactation, and after weaning. Twenty-two Suffolk sheep three to four year-old, of same parity and season of parturition were used. Serum cortisol was determined by radioimmunoassay and the neutrophils oxidative metabolism by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT reduction test. The highest EPG values were observed on the fifth week of lactation while the highest rates of cortisol and reduction of NBT occurred on the fourth week after weaning. A positive correlation (r = 0.52; P<0.01 was observed between the neutrophils capacity to reduce the NBT and the serum cortisol concentration in the pre-parturition period. Otherwise, the neutrophils oxidative metabolism decreased near to the parturition. A negative correlation (r = -0.39; P<0.01 between EPG and NBT reduction test was observed after weaning, which was coincident with the increase in the neutrophils capacity to reduce NBT, indicating that animals

  11. Aflatoxin effect on erythrocyte profile and histopathology of broilers given different additives

    Science.gov (United States)

    Karimy, M. F.; Sutrisno, B.; Agus, A.; Suryani, A. E.; Istiqomah, L.; Damayanti, E.

    2017-12-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate erythrocyte profile and microscopic changes effect of AF induces by low level (57.18 ppb) and chronic exposure (34 days) with administration of additive (Lactobacillus plantarum G7 and methionine). Aflatoxin-contaminated corn was prepared by inoculate Aspergillus flavus FNCC 6002 on corn. Total number of 576 broiler Lohman strain (MB202) unsexed DOC were allocated completely randomized into four treatments and 12 replicates, with 12 broiler chicks each. The treatments as follows: T1 = aflatoxin-contaminated diet, T2 = aflatoxin-contaminated diet + 1% of LAB (w/w), T3 = aflatoxin-contaminated diet + 0.8% of methionine (w/w), and T4 = aflatoxin-contaminated diet + 1% of LAB + 0.8% of methionine (w/w). The effect of treatments was evaluated using ANOVA and the difference among mean treatments were analyzed using DMRT. The result showed that administration of additives had no significant effect (P>0.05) on erythrocyte profile, liver, and bursa of Fabricius. The dose of additive in each treatment (T2, T3, T4) were insufficient to reduce adverse effect of chronic aflatoxicosis. It was concluded that the LAB dose for binding AF (57.18%) should be evaluated and the dose for methionine should be reduced for chronic treatment of aflatoxicosis.

  12. Costos metabólicos de Engraulis ringens y Sardinops sagax en relación al peso, temperatura y el nivel de actividad

    OpenAIRE

    Villavicencio R., Zoila; Muck, Peter

    1983-01-01

    El metabolismo estándar de la anchoveta es más alto que el de la sardina; en .las larvas por un factor promedio de 2.3 y por 2.1 en juveniles y adultos en el rango de temperaturas de 14-20ºC. Lo opuesto sucede en el metabolismo activo: para una velocidad de natación de un cuerpo por segundo( =metabolismo de rutina), la anchoveta adulta con un peso mayor de 20 g a 20ºC y mayor de 50 g a 14ºC gasta menos energía que la sardina de tamaños similares; incrementándose la velocidad a 3 c.p .seg a ...

  13. Influência da calagem, da época de colheita e da secagem na incidência de fungos e aflatoxinas em grãos de amendoim armazenados Storage peanut kernels fungal contamination and aflatoxin as affected by liming, harvest time and drying

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Antonia Vieira Rossetto

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a contaminação e o potencial para síntese de aflatoxinas pelos isolados do grupo Aspergillus flavus em grãos armazenados de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L., que foram produzidos com distintos procedimentos de calagem, de colheita e de secagem. Para isto, foram avaliadas doze amostras de grãos de amendoim, cv. Botutatu, provenientes de plantas cultivadas em área que recebeu ou não a aplicação de calcário, colhidas aos 104, 114 e 124 dias após a semeadura e secas em condições ambientais e em estufa. Aos 12 e 18 meses de armazenamento, os grãos foram tratados com hipoclorito de sódio e incubados em BDA, a 20°C, por cinco dias. As espécies do grupo Aspergillus flavus foram identificadas após incubação em meio ADM. Posteriormente, o potencial toxígeno foi avaliado pelo método da cromatografia de camada delgada. A análise da freqüência de fungos revelou que os grãos de amendoim armazenados estavam contaminados por Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. e Fusarium spp. Os grãos de amendoim, provenientes da colheita antecipada, apresentaram maior contaminação pelo grupo Aspergillus flavus, sendo menor a proporção destes com potencial toxígeno.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the storage on the potential of aflatoxin production by isolates from Aspergillus flavus group in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.. These kernels were obtained from a field experiment with two areas (with or without lime, three times of harvest (104, 114 and 124 days after planting and two types of dryer conditions (ambient and chamber with forced air. After 12 and 18 months of storage, the kernels were treated with sodium hypochloride and incubated in a PDA at 20°C during five days. The isolates from Aspergillus flavus group were identified after incubation in ADM culture medium. The toxigenic potential was analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The genera detected were Aspergillus, Penicillium and

  14. Aspartame induces angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo models.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yesildal, F; Aydin, F N; Deveci, S; Tekin, S; Aydin, I; Mammadov, R; Fermanli, O; Avcu, F; Acikel, C H; Ozgurtas, T

    2015-03-01

    Angiogenesis is the process of generating new blood vessels from preexisting vessels and is considered essential in many pathological conditions. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of aspartame on angiogenesis in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and wound-healing models as well as in vitro 2,3-bis-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and tube formation assays. In CAM assay, aspartame increased angiogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, aspartame has significantly increased vessel proliferation (p aspartame group had better healing than control group, and this was statistically significant at p aspartame on human umbilical vein endothelial cells on XTT assay in vitro, but it was not statistically significant; and there was no antiangiogenic effect of aspartame on tube formation assay in vitro. These results provide evidence that aspartame induces angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo; so regular use may have undesirable effect on susceptible cases. © The Author(s) 2015.

  15. Estudo do metabolismo da glicose na tuberculose pulmonar ativa utilizando a tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (18F-FDG PET Evaluation of glucose metabolism in active lung tuberculosis by positron-emission tomography (18F-FDG PET

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    SIDNEY BOMBARDA

    2002-09-01

    Full Text Available Os métodos de imagem utilizados na avaliação da tuberculose pulmonar incluem a radiografia e a tomografia computadorizada do tórax. As imagens obtidas pelos métodos de medicina nuclear permitem estudos funcionais e metabólicos dos órgãos de interesse, através do uso de radiofármacos específicos. Alterações do metabolismo da glicose podem ser detectadas pela tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET utilizando-se o 18F-fluorodesoxiglicose (18F-FDG. Essas alterações estão presentes nas doenças neoplásicas, inflamatórias e infecciosas. A tuberculose é uma doença granulomatosa causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, que se utiliza de glicose como fonte de energia. Objetivo: O estudo do metabolismo da glicose na tuberculose pulmonar através da PET e sua comparação com a tomografia computadorizada de tórax. Material e métodos: Foram avaliados 20 pacientes portadores de tuberculose pulmonar. Todos foram submetidos à PET e à tomografia computadorizada de tórax, em até 30 dias após o início do tratamento. Resultados: Todos os pacientes apresentaram captação positiva do 18F-FDG na PET. Na tomografia computadorizada do tórax, todos os pacientes apresentaram sinais compatíveis com atividade de tuberculose. A sensibilidade dos dois métodos foi de 100%. Houve concordância entre os achados do 18F-FDG PET e da tomografia computadorizada (K = 0,27 e p Current methods to evaluate lung tuberculosis include chest radiography and computed tomography. Nuclear medicine imaging techniques are performed after administration of specific radiopharmaceuticals that accumulate in the organs of interest. Alterations of glucose metabolism can be observed by positron-emission tomography, using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET. These findings are present in the neoplasms, but also in inflammatory and infectious diseases. Tuberculosis is a granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , that uses glucose as an energy source

  16. Intoxicações em eqüinos no Brasil Intoxications in horses in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Franklin Riet-Correa

    1998-12-01

    Full Text Available Relatam-se algumas intoxicações descritas em eqüídeos no Brasil. Dentre as intoxicações por plantas, incluem-se: Senecio spp., Ateleia glazioviana, Crotalaria juncea, Equisetum spp., Pteridium aquilinum, Baccharis coridifolia, Senna occidentalis e Brachiaria spp.. Mencionam-se, também, as micotoxicoses causadas por Fusarium moniliforme, Claviceps purpurea e aflatoxinas, e as intoxicações por uréia, iodo, chumbo e inseticidas clorados.Toxic disease reported in horses in Brazil are reviewed. Intoxications by plants including: Senecio spp, Ateleia glazioviana, Crotalaria juncea, Equisetum spp., Pteridium aquilinum, Baccharis coridifolia, Senna occidentalis e Brachiaria spp. are described. Mycotoxicosis caused by Fusarium moniliforme, Claviceps purpurea and aflatoxins, and intoxications by urea, iodine, lead, chlorinated insecticides are also mentioned.

  17. Maturation of human oocytes in vitro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mojca Čižek-Sajko

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Background: Immature oocyte retrieval followed by in vitro maturation is a promising infertility treatment option. In patients with morphologically normal ovaries and regular menstrual cycles and in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS we attempted to assess the success of oocyte in vitro maturation in in vitro fertilization (IVF procedures.Methods: Retrospectively we analyzed 87 IVF procedures with in vitro maturation of oocytes carried out in 73 infertile couples treated at the Maribor Teaching Hospital. We compared the success following three different hormone priming protocols: regular cycling patients with normal ovaries and without hormone priming (Group A, n = 27; patients with PCOS and hormone priming with follitropin (follicle stimulating hormone, FSH (Group B, n = 22; patients with PCOS and hormone priming with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG (Group C, n = 38. Success of the procedure was evaluated on the basis of the ability of oocytes to mature, fertilize and develop into embryos, and on the basis of the quality of embryos and their ability to implant in the uterus.Results: In regular cycling patients with normal ovaries (n = 27 we obtained a significantly lower number of immature oocytes (3.2 ± 2.5 compared with patients with PCOS and FSH priming (11.7 ± 7.2 or those with PCOS and hCG priming (10.4 ± 7.2. The oocyte maturation rate, the fertilization rate and the embryo cleavage rate were as follows: in Group A 57.7 %, 63.2 % and 91.7 %, in Group B 57.6 %, 66.2 % and 90.0 %, and in Group C 58.0 %, 66.2 % and 91.0 % (the differences between groups were not statistically significant. Six pregnancies were recorded only in patients with PCOS. The pregnancy rate per embryo transfer was 1/20 (5.0 % in patients with FSH priming, and 5/33 (15.2 % in patients with hCG priming.Conclusions: Oocyte in vitro maturation is successful in patients with normal ovaries and regular menstrual cycle as well as in those with polycystic

  18. What is in vitro meat? Food phreaking

    OpenAIRE

    Stephens, NS

    2015-01-01

    This book gathers the ideas and opinions of a number of scientists and other experts around the topic of in vitro meat. The authors in this publication range from being in vitro meat’s developers and most vocal supporters, to some adamant opposers. Collectively, these essays present a diversity of perspectives, and illustrate the challenge of pinning down an emerging technology.

  19. Metabolismo do glicogênio muscular durante o exercício físico: mecanismos de regulação Muscle glycogen metabolism during exercise: mechanism of regulation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Uma série de estudos tem sido realizada para compreensão do metabolismo de glicogênio muscular durante o exercício. Estudos clássicos apontaram uma associação entre as reservas iniciais de glicogênio muscular e o tempo de sustentação do esforço. O glicogênio muscular diminui de forma semi-logarítmica em função do tempo, mas a concentração desse substrato não chega a zero, o que sugere a participação de outros mecanismos de fadiga na interrupção do exercício prolongado. Nesse tipo de atividade, a depleção de glicogênio, primeiro, ocorre nas fibras de contração lenta, seguida pela depleção nas de contração rápida. A diminuição na taxa de utilização de glicogênio muscular está sincronicamente ligada ao aumento no metabolismo de gordura, mas o mecanismo fisiológico é pouco compreendido. Estudos recentes sugerem que uma diminuição da insulina durante o exercício limitaria o transporte de glicose pela membrana plasmática, causando um aumento no consumo de ácidos graxos. Alguns estudos têm demonstrado, também, que a própria estrutura do glicogênio muscular pode controlar a entrada de ácidos graxos livres na célula, via proteína quinase. Fisicamente, a molécula de glicogênio se apresenta de duas formas, uma com estrutura molecular menor (aproximadamente, 4,10(5 Da, Proglicogênio e outra maior (aproximadamente, 10(7 Da, Macroglicogênio. Aparentemente, a forma Proglicogênio é metabolicamente mais ativa no exercício e a Macroglicogênio mais suscetível a aumentar com dietas de supercompensação. Maior concentração de hipoxantinas e amônia no exercício com depleção de glicogênio muscular também foi relatada, mas estudos com melhor controle da intensidade do esforço podem ajudar a elucidar essa questão.A large number of studies have been conducted to understand muscle glycogen metabolism during exercise. Classical studies demonstrated a relationship between the pre-exercise muscle

  20. Integration of QSAR and in vitro toxicology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barratt, M D

    1998-01-01

    The principles of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) are based on the premise that the properties of a chemical are implicit in its molecular structure. Therefore, if a mechanistic hypothesis can be proposed linking a group of related chemicals with a particular toxic end point, the hypothesis can be used to define relevant parameters to establish a QSAR. Ways in which QSAR and in vitro toxicology can complement each other in development of alternatives to live animal experiments are described and illustrated by examples from acute toxicological end points. Integration of QSAR and in vitro methods is examined in the context of assessing mechanistic competence and improving the design of in vitro assays and the development of prediction models. The nature of biological variability is explored together with its implications for the selection of sets of chemicals for test development, optimization, and validation. Methods are described to support the use of data from in vivo tests that do not meet today's stringent requirements of acceptability. Integration of QSAR and in vitro methods into strategic approaches for the replacement, reduction, and refinement of the use of animals is described with examples. PMID:9599692

  1. Comparative Evaluation of Three In Vitro Techniques in the ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Purpose: The study was designed to evaluate the consistency of interpretation of results of interaction between ampicillin and ciprofloxacin against S. aureus and E. coli using three in vitro techniques. Methods: The interaction between ampicillin and ciprofloxacin was studied using three in vitro methods- Checkerboard ...

  2. In vitro function of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor predicts in ...

    Science.gov (United States)

    Differences in sensitivity to dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) among species and taxa presents a major challenge to ecological risk assessments. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) regulates adverse effects associated with exposure to DLCs in vertebrates. Prior investigations demonstrated that sensitivity to activation of the AHR1 (50% effect concentration; EC50) in an in vitro luciferase reporter gene (LRG) assay was predictive of the sensitivity of embryos (lethal dose to cause 50% lethality; LD50) across all species of birds for all DLCs. However, nothing was known about whether sensitivity to activation of the AHR is predictive of sensitivity of embryos of fishes to DLCs. Therefore, this study investigated in vitro sensitivities of AHR1s and AHR2s to the model DLC, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), among eight species of fish of known sensitivities of embryos to TCDD. AHR1s and AHR2s of all fishes were activated by TCDD in vitro. There was no significant linear relationship between in vitro sensitivity of AHR1 and in vivo sensitivity among the investigated fishes (R2 = 0.33, p = 0.23). However, there was a significant linear relationship between in vitro sensitivity of AHR2 and in vivo sensitivity among the investigated fishes (R2 = 0.97, p = fishes was compared to the previously generated linear relationship between in vitro s

  3. Rationing in practice: the case of in vitro fertilisation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Redmayne, S; Klein, R

    1993-06-05

    One of the few examples of explicit rationing in the National Health Service is provided by in vitro fertilisation. Of six purchasing authorities examined three have decided against buying in vitro fertilisation while three have decided in favour. The decisions reflect local factors such as the absence or presence of local providers and the views of the public and health professionals. But in vitro fertilisation also illustrates some of the wider issues involved in all decisions about purchasing: questions about what should be provided by the National Health Service, about what procedures should be compared when weighing up value for money, and whether equity demands national decisions about what to provide.

  4. [In vitro metabolism of fenbendazole prodrug].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wen, Ai-Dan; Duan, Li-Ping; Liu, Cong-Shan; Tao, Yi; Xue, Jian; Wu, Ning-Bo; Jiang, Bin; Zhang, Hao-Bing

    2013-02-01

    Synthesized fenbendazole prodrug N-methoxycarbonyl-N'-(2-nitro-4-phenylthiophenyl) thiourea (MPT) was analyzed in vitro in artificial gastric juice, intestinal juice and mouse liver homogenate model by using HPLC method, and metabolic curve was then generated. MPT was tested against Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices in vitro. The result showed that MPT could be metabolized in the three biological media, and to the active compound fenbendazole in liver homogenate, with a metabolic rate of 7.92%. Besides, the prodrug showed a weak activity against E. granulosus protoscolices with a mortality of 45.9%.

  5. Factors affecting the development of in vitro fertilization in camelids

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Trasorras VL

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available In any program of in vitro embryo production, the ultimate goal is to develop high quality embryos being able to get a normal pregnancy and finally resulting in the birth of a healthy offspring, goal not reach yet in camelids. The application of assisted reproductive techniques, such as in vitro fertilization and subsequent in vitro embryo culture, can extend the knowledge of early embryonic development and make possible the increase of the population of genetically superior animals.

  6. In vitro maturation of human oocytes for assisted reproduction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jurema, Marcus W; Nogueira, Daniela

    2006-11-01

    To describe and evaluate the current practice of in vitro maturation of oocytes for assisted reproduction. Review of the available and relevant literature regarding in vitro maturation of oocytes. In vitro maturation of human oocytes retrieved from antral ovarian follicles is an emerging procedure quickly being incorporated into the realm of assisted reproductive technologies. This new technology has several potential advantages over traditional controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF, such as reduction of costs by minimizing gonadotropin and GnRH analogue use, elimination of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and simplicity of protocol. In vitro maturation of oocytes for assisted reproduction in human beings still is undergoing refinement but currently is providing efficacy and safety outcome comparable to that of traditional IVF in recent selected studies. Implementing in vitro maturation into an established IVF practice is feasible and requires only a few simple adjustments. Crucial to the advancement and optimization of the technology is a better understanding of how to maximize immature oocyte developmental competence and endometrial receptivity.

  7. Sulfuric acid and hot water treatments enhance ex vitro and in vitro ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    PRECIOUS

    2009-11-16

    Nov 16, 2009 ... vitro culture is conducted in a highly controlled environ- ment, it constitutes a ..... Constraints to symbiotic germination of terrestrial orchid seed in a. Mediterranean ... bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant.

  8. Early selection of elite clones of an ornamental bromeliad in vitro Seleção precoce in vitro de clones elite de uma bromélia ornamental

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Candida Elisa Manfio

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Orthophytum grossiorum is a typical bromeliad from Atlantic forestry threatened of extinction. The objectives of this research were to select O. grossiorum clones with ornamental values easy to propagate in vitro, and establish in vitro propagation protocols for these clones. The project was developed in three steps: germination and in vitro selection of seedlings responsive to BAP (6-benzylaminopurine, selection of clones with ornamental values, and establishment of protocol for in vitro propagation of the selected clones. In the first step only 18.33% of plantlets germinated in vitro were responsive to BAP. These plantlets were selected and replicated in vitro several times, each replicated plantlet constituting a clone. In the second step these clones were established ex vitro and surveyed for ornamental attributes. Five out of 11 clones were selected in this step. These clones presented distinct phenotypic traits and were considered of high ornamental quality. In the third step a protocol for in vitro propagation was developed for each selected clone.Orthophytum grossiorum é uma bromélia ameaçada de extinção típica de Mata Atlântica. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram selecionar clones de O. grossiorum com potencial ornamental e de fácil propagação in vitro e estabelecer protocolo de propagação in vitro para esses clones. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em três etapas: germinação e em seleção in vitro de plântulas responsivas a BAP (6-benzylaminopurine, seleção de clones com valores ornamentais e estabelecimento de protocolo para propagação in vitro dos clones selecionados. Na primeira etapa, foi observado que apenas 18.33% das plântulas germinadas in vitro eram responsivas a BAP. Essas plântulas foram selecionadas e reproduzidas em in vitro, e cada plântula selecionada e reproduzida constituiu um clone. Na segunda etapa, esses clones foram estabelecidos ex vitro e selecionados em relação aos atributos ornamentais

  9. Cotton regeneration in vitro

    Science.gov (United States)

    H. F. Sakhanokho and K. Rajasekaran Over the years, plant breeders have improved cotton via conventional breeding methods, but these methods are time-consuming. To complement classical breeding and, at times, reduce the time necessary for new cultivar development, breeders have turned to in vitro ...

  10. In vitro test for pyrogenes in radiopharmaceuticals

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jovanovic, V; Zmbova, B; Bzenic, J [Institut za Nuklearne Nauke Boris Kidric, Belgrade (Yugoslavia); Berkes, J [Institut za Biohemije, Belgrade (Yugoslavia)

    1978-05-01

    Procedure and results of determination of pyrogenic substances in radiopharmaceutical preparations by an in vitro method based on the reaction between bacterial endotoxine and Limulus Amebocyte Lysate are presented. The advantage of this method as compared to the test in experimental animals performed so far has also been analyzed and proved by the fact that it enables avoidance of introduction of radioactive materials in experimental animals and of radiation effects on the results obtained in efficiency studies. The in vitro method is a quick one and requires only small quantities of the radiopharmaceutical preparation to be examined.

  11. Radiosensitization in vitro and in vivo by 3-nitrotriazoles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shibamoto, Y.; Sakano, K.; Kimura, R.; Nishidai, T.; Nishimoto, S.; Ono, K.; Kagiya, T.; Abe, M.

    1986-01-01

    A series of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole derivatives bearing various types of side chain (R) at the N1-position (AK-2000 series) were synthesized and their radiosensitizing effect and toxicity in vitro and in vivo were investigated, in comparison with those of Misonidazole (MISO), SR-2508, and RSU-1069. Of the fifteen 3-nitrotriazoles tested, all had sensitizing effects in vitro on hypoxic V79 cells. Also, all but one had definite effects on solid EMT6/KU and SCCVII tumors in vivo. For many of the triazole compounds, the degree of radiosensitization in vitro and in vivo appeared identical. However, they were generally less efficient, both in vitro and in vivo, than the corresponding 2-nitroimidazoles, whereas their aerobic cytotoxicity and toxicity to mice (LD50/7) were comparable to those of the 2-nitroimidazoles. Considering the sensitizing effect and toxicity, AK-2123 (R = CH 2 CONHC 2 H 4 OCH 3 ) may be as useful as MISO, but none of the triazoles have been proved to be superior to SR-2508

  12. In vitro transcription accurately predicts lac repressor phenotype in vivo in Escherichia coli

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matthew Almond Sochor

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available A multitude of studies have looked at the in vivo and in vitro behavior of the lac repressor binding to DNA and effector molecules in order to study transcriptional repression, however these studies are not always reconcilable. Here we use in vitro transcription to directly mimic the in vivo system in order to build a self consistent set of experiments to directly compare in vivo and in vitro genetic repression. A thermodynamic model of the lac repressor binding to operator DNA and effector is used to link DNA occupancy to either normalized in vitro mRNA product or normalized in vivo fluorescence of a regulated gene, YFP. An accurate measurement of repressor, DNA and effector concentrations were made both in vivo and in vitro allowing for direct modeling of the entire thermodynamic equilibrium. In vivo repression profiles are accurately predicted from the given in vitro parameters when molecular crowding is considered. Interestingly, our measured repressor–operator DNA affinity differs significantly from previous in vitro measurements. The literature values are unable to replicate in vivo binding data. We therefore conclude that the repressor-DNA affinity is much weaker than previously thought. This finding would suggest that in vitro techniques that are specifically designed to mimic the in vivo process may be necessary to replicate the native system.

  13. Formulation and In vitro/In vivo Evaluation of Sustained Release ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Conclusion: A fair correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo data was found. The results obtained indicate successful development of a sustained release formulation of diltiazem. Keywords: Diltiazem, Matrix tablet, Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Eudragit, In vitro/in vivo correlation, Optimization ...

  14. In-vitro-measuring in nuclear medicine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berthold, F.

    1976-01-01

    The latest developments in in-vitro measuring are in the fields of sample preparation and data processing. They help to arrive at integrated systems enabling an almost complete automation, especially of radioimmunoassays. (orig.) [de

  15. In vitro replication of poliovirus

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lubinski, J.M.

    1986-01-01

    Poliovirus is a member of the Picornaviridae whose genome is a single stranded RNA molecule of positive polarity surrounded by a proteinaceous capsid. Replication of poliovirus occurs via negative strand intermediates in infected cells using a virally encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and host cell proteins. The authors have exploited the fact that complete cDNA copies of the viral genome when transfected onto susceptible cells generate virus. Utilizing the bacteriophage SP6 DNA dependent RNA polymerase system to synthesize negative strands in vitro and using these in an in vitro reaction the authors have generated full length infectious plus strands. Mutagenesis of the 5' and 3' ends of the negative and positive strands demonstrated that replication could occur either de novo or be extensions of the templates from their 3' ends or from nicks occurring during replication. The appearance of dimeric RNA molecules generated in these reactions was not dependent upon the same protein required for de novo initiation. Full length dimeric RNA molecules using a 5' 32 P end-labelled oligo uridylic acid primer and positive strand template were demonstrated in vitro containing only the 35,000 Mr host protein and the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. A model for generating positive strands without protein priming by cleavage of dimeric RNA molecules was proposed

  16. In vitro manipulation techniques of porcine embryos

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Liu, Ying; Li, Juan; Løvendahl, Peter

    2015-01-01

    During the last 17 years, considerable advancements have been achieved in the production of pigs, transgenic and non-transgenic, by methods of somatic cell nuclear transfer, in vitro fertilisation, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, microinjection and sperm-mediated gene transfer by artificial...... insemination. Therefore, a review of the overall efficiency for the developmental competence of embryos produced by these in vitro methods would be useful in order to obtain a more thorough overview of this growing area with respect to its development and present status. In this review a meta-analysis was used...... to analyse data collected from all published articles with a focus on zygotes and embryos for transfer, pregnancy, full-term development and piglets born. It was generally concluded that an increasing level of in vitro manipulation of porcine embryos decreased the overall efficiency for production of piglets...

  17. In vitro technology for mutation breeding

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1986-10-01

    The ultimate aim of the Co-ordinated Research Programme on In Vitro Technology for Mutation Breeding is to provide new effective tools for plant breeders to construct new cultivars, thus increasing agricultural production of food, feed and industrial raw material, particularly in developing countries. The participants of the research co-ordination meetings considered the potential of new advances of agricultural biotechnology, especially the use of in vitro techniques for mutation breeding. They discussed and co-ordinated plans in conjunction with the impact on plant breeding of novel technologies, such as use of somaclonal variation, cell hybridization and molecular genetics

  18. Babesia bigemina: in vitro cultivation and characterization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vega Y Murguia, C.A.

    1985-01-01

    An in vitro model for the continuous replication of Babesia bigemina was developed and this model was used to study the parasite's biology. Initially, infected erythrocytes from a calf inoculated with a strain of B. bigemina was suspended with normal bovine erythrocytes and the parasite propagated in vitro. The cultured organism was inoculated into another calf and reproduced the disease with typical signs. Babesia bigemina was reisolated in pure culture in vitro. The animal recovered after receiving specific treatment. A procedure was developed to cryopreserve infected erythrocytes and merozoites to initiate in vitro cultures. Homogeneous parasite populations were obtained by cloning by limiting dilution. Parasitic growth was detected between 16-28 days after dilutions were made. Three primary clones were selected for recloning. Infected erythrocytes from the original isolate nd the clones were concentrated by Percoll density gradients. Density values for paired and single infected cells were determined. Enzymatic content of concentrated infected cells was analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis. Enzymes LDH, GPI, and GDH were detected, but polymorphism among clones was not observed. The enzyme 6-PDG was not associated with the parasite. Separation of labelled proteins was done by SDS-PAGE. The separation patterns were similar for all samples. a 43 Kd polypeptide was detected in the B. bigemina culture supernatant

  19. Mammalian oocyte growth and development in vitro.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eppig, J J; O'Brien, M; Wigglesworth, K

    1996-06-01

    This paper is a review of the current status of technology for mammalian oocyte growth and development in vitro. It compares and contrasts the characteristics of the various culture systems that have been devised for the culture of either isolated preantral follicles or the oocyte-granulosa cell complexes form preantral follicles. The advantages and disadvantages of these various systems are discussed. Endpoints for the evaluation of oocyte development in vitro, including oocyte maturation and embryogenesis, are described. Considerations for the improvement of the culture systems are also presented. These include discussions of the possible effects of apoptosis and inappropriate differentiation of oocyte-associated granulosa cells on oocyte development. Finally, the potential applications of the technology for oocyte growth and development in vitro are discussed. For example, studies of oocyte development in vitro could help to identify specific molecules produced during oocyte development that are essential for normal early embryogenesis and perhaps recognize defects leading to infertility or abnormalities in embryonic development. Moreover, the culture systems may provide the methods necessary to enlarge the populations of valuable agricultural, pharmaceutical product-producing, and endangered animals, and to rescue the oocytes of women about to undergo clinical procedures that place oocytes at risk.

  20. In vitro recombination of bacteriophage T7 DNA damaged by uv radiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Masker, W.E.; Kuemmerle, N.B.

    1980-01-01

    A system capable of in vitro packaging of exogenous bacteriophage T7 DNA has been used to monitor the biological activity of DNA replicated in vitro. This system has been used to follow the effects of uv radiation on in vitro replication and recombination. During the in vitro replication process, a considerable exchange of genetic information occurs between T7 DNA molecules present in the reaction mixture. This in vitro recombination is reflected in the genotype of the T7 phage produced after in vitro encapsulation; depending on the genetic markers selected, recombinants can comprise nearly 20% of the total phage production. When uv-irradiated DNA is incubated in this system, the amount of in vitro synthesis is reduced and the total amount of viable phage produced after in vitro packaging is diminished. In vitro recombination rates are also lower when the participating DNA molecules have been exposed to uv. However, biochemical and genetic measurements confirmed that there is little or no transfer of pyrimidine dimers from irradiated DNA into undamaged molecules

  1. Relación entre daño mitocondrial y producción de H2O2 en embriones bovinos producidos in vitro con alto y bajo potencial de desarrollo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marlene Jiménez

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available

    Los embriones producidos in vitro (EPIV presentan bloqueo en el
    desarrollo en el momento de la activación del genoma (8-16 células en bovinos, limitando la producción de blastocitos (35%. Este fenómeno ha sido relacionado con la producción de Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno (ERO. Entre las fuentes de ERO se han descrito altas tensiones de oxígeno, exposición a la luz y alteración del metabolismo oxidativo (1. Los EPIV con baja competencia para superar el bloqueo presentan fallas en la funcionalidad mitocondrial (1 y nucleolar, exhibiendo un retardo en su tasa de clivaje (2. Algunos autores han relacionado el tiempo al primer clivaje con la cantidad relativa de ciertos
    transcriptos, como Glutatión (2, un limpiador de ERO, sugiriendo que los embriones incompetentes presentan fallas  transcripcionales que les impiden defenderse contra las ERO producidas en cultivo, quizás manteniendo niveles elevados de H2O2 lo que los hace más susceptibles al daño celular.
    Hasta el presente no se ha efectuado un estudio de cinética de producción de ERO, en EPIV bovinos con alta y baja competencia durante el desarrollo temprano, ni se ha logrado esclarecer el papel de la mitocondria en la generación de ERO (como fuente o como blanco.
    Los objetivos de este estudio son determinar la cinética de producción de H2O2 en embriones con alta y baja competencia para superar el bloqueo y la relación de éstos con procesos de daño mitocondrial y mortalidad embrionaria.

     

     

  2. Production of aflatoxins by Aspergillus flavus and of fumonisins by Fusarium species isolated from Brazilian sorghum Avaliação da toxigenidade das cepas de Aspergillus flavus e Fusarium spp. isoladas de amostras de sorgo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Josefa B. da Silva

    2004-09-01

    Full Text Available Fifty-nine Aspergillus flavus and 35 Fusarium verticillioides strains, isolated from freshly harvested (10 and stored (130 Brazilian sorghum samples, were tested regarding their ability to produce aflatoxins (coconut milk agar and fumonisins (rice culture, respectively. Aflatoxins B1 and B2 were detected by TLC, and fumonisins B1 and B2 were analyzed by HPLC. Thirty-eight (64.4% A. flavus strains produced detectable levels of aflatoxins at concentrations ranging from 12.00 to 3282.50 µg/kg (AFB1 + AFB2, while thirty two (91% F. verticillioides strains produced FB1 at concentrations ranging from 0.12 to 5.38 µg/g. Two F. proliferatum strains produced low fumonisin levels. The toxigenic potential of A. flavus (64.4% and F. verticillioides (91.5% strains observed in sorghum samples indicates that rigorous control should be directed at the storage conditions of these products to minimize contamination with toxigenic deteriorating fungi, preventing further hazard to human and animal health.A produção de aflatoxinas por 59 cepas de Aspergillus flavus e fumonisinas por 35 cepas de Fusarium verticillioides isoladas de amostras de grãos de sorgo recém colhido (10 amostras e armazenado (130 amostras, foram avaliadas. A detecção de aflatoxinas (AFB1 e AFB2 foi efetuada por Cromatografia em Camada Delgada (CCD e fumonisinas (FB1 e FB2 foram analisadas por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE. Os resultados demonstram a produção de AFB1 e AFB2 em 38 cepas (64,4% de A. flavus cujos níveis variaram de 12,00 a 3282,50 µg/kg. Referente às cepas de F. verticillioides, 32 (91% produziram FB1, nas concentrações de 0,12 a 5,38 µg/g. Baixos níveis de fumonisinas foram detectados em 2 cepas de F. proliferatum. A constatação da potencialidade toxígena das cepas de A. flavus (64,4% e de F. verticillioides (91,5% nesta investigação, revelam a importância da pesquisa de aflatoxinas e fumonisinas nas amostras de sorgo. Diante disto

  3. In vitro digestibility of jitirana using caecal liquor of ostriches Digestibilidade "in vitro" da jitirana com inóculo cecal de avestruzes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcus Roberto Goes Ferreira Costa

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available To evaluated the in vitro digestibility of jitirana using ostriches ceacal liquor, it were used entirely randomized design on factorial schedule (4x2, with four cut age of forage (60; 75; 90 and 105 days old and two types forage in natura or hay. There was a significative interaction between cut age and jitirana type to in vitro digestibility of dry matter and proteic fractions, and the means obtained were 59.57% to dry matter, 28.07% to crude protein and 21.7% to neutral detergent insoluble protein. It were not observed significative interaction to in vitro digestibility of fiber fraction, and the means obtained were 45.20% to neutral detergent fiber and 49.83% to neutral detergent fiber corrected to ash and protein. In relation to the different cut age of jitirana plant, to the in vitro digestibility of dry matter to the in natura type, the means stayed between 71.75 and 53.87%, while to the jitirana hay type the in vitro digestibility of dry matter the means stayed between 61.36 and 50.23%. For both jitirana type in natura or hay, the cut age on 60 days old propitiated the best values of digestibility when compared to the cut age on 105 days old, as a higher available and nutritional quality to the fermentative caecal activity.Para avaliar a digestibilidade in vitro da jitirana com inóculo cecal de avestruzes, usou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial (4x2, com quatro diferentes idades de corte (60; 75; 90 e 105 dias e duas formas de uso, in natura ou em feno. Houve interação significativa para digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca e de frações proteicas da jitirana, com média total de 59,57% para matéria seca; 28,07% proteína bruta e 21,70% para proteína insolúvel em detergente neutro. Não foi observada interação significativa para a digestibilidade in vitro da fração fibrosa da jitirana, com média total de 45,20% para fibra em detergente neutro e 49,83% fibra em detergente neutro corrigida para

  4. Axonal recordings from medial superior olive neurons obtained from the lateral lemniscus of the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bremen, Peter; Joris, Philip X

    2013-10-30

    Interaural time differences (ITDs) are a major cue for localizing low-frequency (binaural beats and dichotic noise bursts to characterize the best delay versus characteristic frequency distribution, and compared the data to recordings we obtained in the inferior colliculus (IC). In contrast to most reports in other rodents, many best delays were close to zero ITD, both in MSO and IC, with a majority of the neurons recorded in the LL firing maximally within the presumed ethological ITD range.

  5. In vitro culture of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) zygotic embryos.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Engelmann, Florent; Malaurie, Bernard; N'Nan, Oulo

    2011-01-01

    Coconut is a very important crop for millions of people in tropical countries. With coconut, in vitro culture protocols have been developed with two main objectives, viz. the large scale production of particular types of coconuts and the international exchange and conservation of coconut germplasm. The methods described in this chapter have been developed in the framework of collaborative activities between research institutes in Côte d'Ivoire and France. Two coconut embryo in vitro collecting protocols have been established, one consisting of storing the disinfected embryos in a KCl solution until they are brought back to the laboratory, where they are re-disinfected and inoculated in vitro under sterile conditions, and the other including in vitro inoculation of the embryos in the field. For international germplasm exchange, zygotic embryos inoculated in vitro in plastic test tubes or endosperm cylinders containing embryos in plastic bags are used. For in vitro culture, embryos are inoculated on semi-solid medium supplemented with sucrose and activated charcoal and placed in the dark, and then transferred to light conditions with the same (solid or liquid) medium once the first true leaf is visible and the root system has started developing.

  6. In vitro cultivation of Gymnophalloides seoi metacercariae (Digenea:Gymnophallidae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kook, J; Lee, S H; Chai, J Y

    1997-03-01

    Gymnophalloides seoi is a human intestinal trematode prevalent on southwestern islands in Korea. In the present study, we investigated whether G. seoi metacercariae can grow and develop into adults by in vitro cultivation. The metacercariae were obtained from naturally infected oysters, and cultured in vitro for 5 days under three conditions; 37 degrees C/5% CO2, 41 degrees C/8% CO2, or 41 degrees C/5% CO2, in NCTC 109 complete media containing 20% FBS and 1% antibiotics-antimycotics. The degree of worm growth and development was compared with that grown in vivo of C3H mice. The length of the worms cultivated in vitro was 200-300 microns not significantly different from metacercariae, whereas the length of the worms recovered from C3H mice was significantly larger, 300-400 microns. The worms produced eggs when grown in C3H mice or cultured in vitro for 2 days under 41 degrees C/8% CO2 or 41 degrees C/5% CO2, but not when cultured under 37 degrees C/5% CO2. Among the in vitro conditions, 41 degrees C/5% CO2 was best for egg production, although the number of eggs was about half of worms obtained from C3H mice. In conclusion, in vitro cultivation of G. seoi metacercariae into egg-producing adults was partially successful under culture conditions of 41 degrees C/5% CO2 or 41 degrees C/8% CO2.

  7. In vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum in neonatal blood.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sauerzopf, Ulrich; Honkpehedji, Yabo J; Adgenika, Ayôla A; Feugap, Elianne N; Ngoma, Ghyslain Mombo; Mackanga, Jean-Rodolphe; Lötsch, Felix; Loembe, Marguerite M; Kremsner, Peter G; Mordmüller, Benjamin; Ramharter, Michael

    2014-11-18

    Children below the age of six months suffer less often from malaria than older children in sub-Saharan Africa. This observation is commonly attributed to the persistence of foetal haemoglobin (HbF), which is considered not to permit growth of Plasmodium falciparum and therefore providing protection against malaria. Since this concept has recently been challenged, this study evaluated the effect of HbF erythrocytes and maternal plasma on in vitro parasite growth of P. falciparum in Central African Gabon. Umbilical cord blood and peripheral maternal blood were collected at delivery at the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Gabon. Respective erythrocyte suspension and plasma were used in parallel for in vitro culture. In vitro growth rates were compared between cultures supplemented with either maternal or cord erythrocytes. Plasma of maternal blood and cord blood was evaluated. Parasite growth rates were assessed by the standard HRP2-assay evaluating the increase of HRP2 concentration in Plasmodium culture. Culture of P. falciparum using foetal erythrocytes led to comparable growth rates (mean growth rate = 4.2, 95% CI: 3.5 - 5.0) as cultures with maternal red blood cells (mean growth rate =4.2, 95% CI: 3.4 - 5.0) and those from non-malaria exposed individuals (mean growth rate = 4.6, 95% CI: 3.8 - 5.5). Standard in vitro culture of P. falciparum supplemented with either maternal or foetal plasma showed both significantly lower growth rates than a positive control using non-malaria exposed donor plasma. These data challenge the concept of HbF serving as intrinsic inhibitor of P. falciparum growth in the first months of life. Erythrocytes containing HbF are equally permissive to P. falciparum growth in vitro. However, addition of maternal and cord plasma led to reduced in vitro growth which may translate to protection against clinical disease or show synergistic effects with HbF in vivo. Further studies are needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of innate and acquired

  8. In vitro fertilization of in vitro matured canine oocytes using frozen-thawed dog semen.

    Science.gov (United States)

    De los Reyes, M; Carrion, R; Barros, C

    2006-10-01

    Experiments were conducted to evaluate in vitro fertilization (IVF) of in vitro matured (IVM) bitch oocytes using dog spermatozoa frozen in three different extenders. Sperm-rich fraction from eight ejaculates of five dogs was frozen in each one of three egg yolk Tris extenders with additional: (A) 1.4 g citric acid and 0.8 g glucose; (B) 0.7 g citric acid and 3.5 g glucose; or (C) 1.4 g citric acid and 0.8 g fructose (all with 5% glycerol in 100 mL milliQ water). Thawed sperm were co-incubated with IVM bitch oocytes for 6 h. Oocytes were fixed and evaluated under an epifluorescence microscope; penetrated oocytes were defined as those having sperm heads in the perivitelline space or in the oocyte cytoplasm. Higher penetration rates (P < 0.05) were obtained in oocytes cultured with spermatozoa frozen in extenders B and C than those frozen in extender A (33.1, 34.2 and 26.4%, respectively).

  9. In vitro propagation of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Giordani, Edgardo; Naval, Mar; Benelli, Carla

    2013-01-01

    Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) is a temperate fruit tree species diffused in all continents. The traditional propagation method adopted by the nursery industry is based on budding/grafting scion cultivars on seedlings from D. kaki, Diospyros lotus, and Diospyros virginiana, the most important species used as rootstock, reproduced by seeds since they are not easy to root. Furthermore, most of nonastringent cultivars of persimmon are not compatible with D. lotus, a rootstock largely utilized because of its hardiness and frost resistance. The main in vitro tissue culture techniques, developed for persimmon, deal with direct regeneration (from dormant buds and root tips), and indirect regeneration through callus from dormant buds, apexes, and leaves. The bottlenecks of micropropagation are (1) the recalcitrance of many cultivars to in vitro establishment, (2) the low multiplication ratio of D. kaki compared to other fruit tree species, (3) the very low rooting ability of ex novo microcuttings both from direct and indirect regeneration, (4) the high sensitivity to transplant from in vitro to in vivo conditions. The development of reliable in vitro regeneration procedures is likely to play a key role for production of both clonal rootstocks and self-rooted cultivars. The general protocol for micropropagation of persimmon reported here is based on the establishment of winter dormant buds in vitro, shoot development, multiplication and elongation, and shoot rooting, using cytokinins (BA or zeatin) in a MS media along with an auxinic pretreatment for rooting induction.

  10. Clarifying mammalian RISC assembly in vitro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Metzler David

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Argonaute, the core component of the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC, binds to mature miRNAs and regulates gene expression at transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. We recently reported that Argonaute 2 (Ago2 also assembles into complexes with miRNA precursors (pre-miRNAs. These Ago2:pre-miRNA complexes are catalytically active in vitro and constitute non-canonical RISCs. Results The use of pre-miRNAs as guides by Ago2 bypasses Dicer activity and complicates in vitro RISC reconstitution. In this work, we characterized Ago2:pre-miRNA complexes and identified RNAs that are targeted by miRNAs but not their corresponding pre-miRNAs. Using these target RNAs we were able to recapitulate in vitro pre-miRNA processing and canonical RISC loading, and define the minimal factors required for these processes. Conclusions Our results indicate that Ago2 and Dicer are sufficient for processing and loading of miRNAs into RISC. Furthermore, our studies suggest that Ago2 binds primarily to the 5'- and alternatively, to the 3'-end of select pre-miRNAs.

  11. Verificación de la contaminación del maíz por flatoxina B1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lisa Vallone

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available “Aflaflesh” es un instrumento computarizado, diseñado para combinar un metodo de adquisición de datos visuales, con sofisticados sistemas operativosde software y análisis de imágenes. Esto, mediante la exposicion de la fluorescencia de maíz sometido a la radiación UV, ya que si hay contaminación con aflatoxinas B1, es posible transformar directamente el número de pixeles de la fluorescencia, en la concentración de AFB1 correspondiente.

  12. Efeito do uso de enzimas sobre o desempenho e metabolismo de poedeiras Effect of the use of enzymes on the performance and metabolism of laying hens

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maurício Tárcio dos Santos Viana

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se verificar o efeito da adição do complexo enzimático (CE sobre o desempenho e o metabolismo de poedeiras. Foram utilizadas 216 poedeiras da linhagem Bovans Goldline, distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 12 repetições de seis aves por unidade experimental e 3 tratamentos: controle positivo; controle negativo; e controle negativo + Rovábio® Max (100 g/t. A dieta controle positivo foi formulada segundo recomendações das tabelas brasileiras e a dieta controle negativo foi calculada reduzindo os nutrientes presentes na matriz nutricional da enzima de acordo com a empresa produtora. Avaliaram-se o consumo de ração, a produção de ovos, o peso dos ovos, a massa de ovo, a conversão por massa de ovo, a conversão alimentar por dúzia (CAD e os componentes do ovo no período de 24 a 36 semanas de idade. No ensaio de metabolismo, calcularam-se os valores do coeficiente de digestibilidade da matéria seca, da energia metabolizável aparente (EMA e da energia metabolizável corrigida (EMAn, bem como seus coeficientes de metabolizabilidade e a retenção de nitrogênio e do balanço de P e Ca das dietas. Nas aves mantidas com a dieta controle negativo, a adição de complexo enzimático na dieta melhorou o percentual de postura e a conversão alimentar por dúzia. A redução dos níveis nutricionais das dietas resultou em menores valores de EMA e EMAn. A suplementação de complexo enzimático às dietas com menores níveis nutricionais melhorou os valores de EMA, resultando em valores similares aos obtidos nas aves alimentadas com a ração controle positivo. Poedeiras alimentadas com a ração controle positivo apresentam maior ingestão, excreção e retenção de fósforo (mg/ave/dia, entretanto, quando a ração é suplementada com complexo enzimático, ocorre maior retenção de fósforo pelas aves.The effect of the addition of multienzymatic complex on performance and metabolism of laying

  13. In Vitro Propagation Of Nepalese Orchids: A Review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silva Jaime A. Teixeira da

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Nepalese orchids are made up of 458 taxa. Despite a ban on the collection and trade of all orchid species in Nepal, numerous anthropogenic factors are leading to the rapid loss of natural stands of germplasm. Biotechnology, specifically in vitro propagation, may be the only viable solution for preserving and reintroducing endangered germplasm back into the wild. Despite the large germplasm base, only tissue culture studies have been conducted, and most have focused almost exclusively on in vitro seed germination, the bulk of which have been conducted in the past few years. No other biotechnological advances have yet been made. This brief review provides a short synopsis of the advances made thus far in the in vitro propagation of Nepalese orchids.

  14. Grado de adherencia terapéutica a los fármacos del metabolismo óseo-mineral: ¿toman nuestros pacientes la medicación prescrita? Degree of therapeutic adherence to bone mineral metabolism drugs: Do our patients take the prescribed medication?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Nieves Cazorla Santana

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Los fármacos del metabolismo óseo-mineral tienen gran importancia el tratamiento de los pacientes de hemodiálisis, pero desconocemos las preferencias, y el grado de conocimiento de estos fármacos. Los objetivos del estudio fueron conocer el grado de adherencia terapéutica a los fármacos del metabolismo oseo-mineral, e identificar los factores más relevantes que influyen en la adherencia a este tipo de tratamiento. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en un Centro de hemodiálisis, incluyendo 106 pacientes. Utilizamos el cuestionario simplificado de adherencia a la medicación (SMAQ¹ y un cuestionario específico sobre cumplimiento y preferencias, para conocer el grado de adherencia. Resultados: El 37,7% de los pacientes fue incumplidor según el cuestionario SMAQ. De ellos, el 34% no tomaba la medicación a la misma hora (PBone mineral metabolism drugs are of great importance in treating haemodialysis patients, but we are unaware of their preferences and degree of knowledge of these drugs. The aims of the study were to find out the degree of therapeutic adherence to bone mineral metabolism drugs and to identify the most relevant factors that influence adherence to this type of treatment. Patients and methods: A transversal study was carried out at a haemodialysis centre, including 106 patients. We used the simplified medication adherence questionnaire (SMAQ¹ and a specific questionnaire on compliance and preferences, in order to find out the degree of adherence. Results: 37.7% of the patients were non-compliant, according to the SMAQ. Of these, 34% did not take the medication at the same time (P<0.000, 5.7% did not comply with the treatment at weekends (P<0.010, 13.2% stop taking the medication when they feel unwell (P<0.010; and in the last week, 18% acknowledged that they forgot the treatment 1 day (P= 0.001 and between 2-3 days (12,5%. 52% did not have preferences for any phosphorus chelant and 60.4% knew about

  15. IN-VITRO PREDEGRADATION AT ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES OF POLY(LACTIDE)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    BERGSMA, JE; ROZEMA, FR; BOS, RRM; BOERING, G; JOZIASSE, CAP; PENNINGS, AJ

    1995-01-01

    In this study in vitro predegradation at elevated temperatures, used to obtain an increased degradation rate, was investigated. The in vitro degradation was followed by mass loss, molecular weight loss and changes in thermal properties. Two biodegradable polymers, the homopolymer PLLA and a

  16. Evaluation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an antiaflatoxicogenic agent in broiler feedstuffs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pizzolitto, R P; Armando, M R; Salvano, M A; Dalcero, A M; Rosa, C A

    2013-06-01

    Aflatoxins (AF) are the most important mycotoxins produced by toxigenic strains of various Aspergillus spp. Biological decontamination of mycotoxins using microorganisms is a well-known strategy for the management of mycotoxins in feeds. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains have been reported to bind aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of S. cerevisiae CECT 1891 in counteracting the deleterious effects of AFB1 in broiler chicks. Experimental aflatoxicosis was induced in 6-d-old broilers by feeding them 1.2 mg of AFB1/kg of feed for 3 wk, and the yeast strain was administrated in feed (10(10) cells/kg), in the drinking water (5 × 10(9) cells/L), or a combination of both treatments. A total of 160 chicks were randomly divided into 8 treatments (4 repetitions per treatment). Growth performance was measured weekly from d 7 to 28, and serum biochemical parameters, weights, and histopathological examination of livers were determined at d 28. The AFB1 significantly decreased the BW gain, feed intake, and impaired feed conversion rate. Moreover, AFB1 treatment decreased serum protein concentration and increased liver damage. The addition of S. cerevisiae strain to drinking water, to diets contaminated with AFB1, showed a positive protection effect on the relative weight of the liver, histopathology, and biochemical parameters. Furthermore, dietary addition of the yeast strain to drinking water alleviated the negative effects of AFB1 on growth performance parameters. In conclusion, this study suggests that in feed contaminated with AFB1, the use of S. cerevisiae is an alternative method to reduce the adverse effects of aflatoxicosis. Thus, apart from its excellent nutritional value, yeast can also be used as a mycotoxin adsorbent.

  17. Human embryo-conditioned medium stimulates in vitro endometrial angiogenesis

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Kapiteijn, K.; Koolwijk, P.; Weiden, R.M.F. van der; Nieuw Amerongen, G. van; Plaisier, M.; Hinsbergh, V.W.M. van; Helmerhorst, F.M.

    2006-01-01

    Objective: Successful implantation and placentation depend on the interaction between the endometrium and the embryo. Angiogenesis is crucial at this time. In this article we investigate the direct influence of the human embryo on in vitro endometrial angiogenesis. Design: In vitro study. Setting:

  18. In vitro propagation of avocado (Persea drymifolia Ness.)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barrera-Guerra, J.L.; Ramirez-Malagon, R.; Martinez-Jaime, O.A.

    2001-01-01

    In the past 20 years, reports on micropropagation and rooting in vitro of avocado shoots, with diverse origins and treatments, have been published. However, none of them reached the level required for large scale propagation of the species. It is considered that, in the first place, the micropropagation of avocado requires an efficient system of rooting. Therefore, a system to induce the rooting in vitro of avocado shoots, based on indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) pulses and some treatments based on thidiazuron (TDZ) was tested, using 40 explants per treatment. The treatments with TDZ did not succeed in rooting shoots. Some treatments with pulses of IBA induced the following rooting results: without growth regulators, 16%; 4,000 mg L -1 of IBA for 5 seconds, 8.3% rooted; 100 mg L -1 for 72 hours, 20%; 50 mg L -1 for 72 hours, 15.4%; 150 mg L -1 for 24 hours, 5% rooted. It is considered possible to improve these results by adjusting the range of IBA concentrations as well as in the time range of pulse applications. Finally, it is easier to establish in vitro explants derived from mature seeds or embryos germinated in vitro. (author)

  19. Understanding Mammalian Germ Line Development with In Vitro Models.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martínez-Arroyo, Ana M; Míguez-Forján, Jose M; Remohí, Jose; Pellicer, Antonio; Medrano, Jose V

    2015-09-15

    Germ line development is crucial in organisms with sexual reproduction to complete their life cycle. In mammals, knowledge about germ line development is based mainly on the mouse model, in which genetic and epigenetic events are well described. However, little is known about how germ line development is orchestrated in humans, especially in the earliest stages. New findings derived from human in vitro models to obtain germ cells can shed light on these questions. This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge about mammalian germ line development, emphasizing the state of the art obtained from in vitro models for germ cell-like cell derivation. Current knowledge of the pluripotency cycle and germ cell specification has allowed different in vitro strategies to obtain germ cells with proven functionality in mouse models. Several reports during the last 10 years show that in vitro germ cell derivation with proven functionality to generate a healthy offspring is possible in mice. However, differences in the embryo development and pluripotency potential between human and mouse make it difficult to extrapolate these results. Further efforts on both human and mouse in vitro models to obtain germ cells from pluripotent stem cells may help to elucidate how human physiological events take place; therefore, therapeutic strategies can also be considered.

  20. Effect of Kaempferol on in vitro Maturation of Porcine Oocytes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Delia Orlovschi

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available We investigated the effects of kaempferol on porcine oocytes in vitro maturation. Kaempferol is one the most studied flavonoids and is in research attention on animal cells until 1979. Flavonoids are known as polyphenolic compounds synthesized by the plants. Cumulus-oocyte complexes aspirated from the ovaries were maturated in vitro, fertilized and embryos were cultured in a defined conditioned medium with 5, 15, 25, 35 µg/ml or without kaempferol supplementation. During in vitro maturation with highest kaempferol concentration (35 µg/ml distinct significantly increase the rate of cumulus cell expansion in grad 4 (42.74 vs. 50.96%, p<0.01. The same, addition of 5 µg/ml kaempferol to the in vitro maturation medium increase significantly the rate of expansion compared to 25 µg/ml (42.20 vs. 48.67%, p<0.05 and increase distinct significantly the rate of expansion compared to 35 µg/ml (42.20 vs. 50.96%, p<0.01. Kaempferol supplementation (15 µg/ml vs. 35 µg/ml of the in vitro fertilization medium led to a significant increase in the rate of 4-8 cells formation (0.69 vs. 4.96%, p<0.05. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that supplementation with kaempferol during in vitro maturation improved the developmental competence of porcine oocytes.

  1. Perspectives on access to in vitro fertilization in Portugal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Silva

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To analyze users' reasons for choosing in vitro fertilization treatment in public or private services and to identify their suggestions for improving fertility treatment. METHODS: A qualitative study using an interpretative approach was conducted. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment (nine women, one man and five couples at home or at their workplace in the districts of Viana do Castelo, Braga, Porto and Lisbon, Portugal, between July 2005 and February 2006. RESULTS: Users evaluated access to in vitro fertilization treatment in public and private services based mainly on their individual experiences and called for more access to less costly, faster and friendlier care with suitable facilities, appropriate time management and caring medical providers. These perceptions were also associated with views on the need for fighting stigmatization of infertility, protecting children's rights and guaranteeing sustainability of health care system. Interviewees sought to balance reduced waiting time and more attentive care with costs involved. The choice of services depended on the users' purchase power and place of residence and availability of attentive care. CONCLUSIONS: Current national policies on in vitro fertilization treatment meet user's demands of promoting access to, and quality, availability and affordability of in vitro fertilization treatment. However, their focus on legal regulation and technical-scientific aspects contrasts with the users' emphasis on reimbursement, insurance coverage and focus on emotional aspects of the treatment. The study showed these policies should ensure insurance coverage, participation of user representatives in the National Council for Assisted Reproductive Technology, promotion of infertility research and certification of fertility laboratories.

  2. Relationship between thyroid, gonads and plasmatic levels of phosphorus, calcium and alkaline phosphatase in rats

    OpenAIRE

    Serakides, R.; Nunes, V.A.; Nascimento, E.F.; Silva, C.M.; Ribeiro, A.F.C.

    2000-01-01

    A relação tireóide-gônadas-metabolismo ósseo foi estudada em ratas Wistar adultas, castradas ou intactas e mantidas em estado hipertireóideo ou eutireóideo por períodos de 30, 60 e 90 dias. Foram utilizadas como características do metabolismo ósseo o cálcio, o fósforo e a atividade da fosfatase alcalina plasmáticos, correlacionando-os com os valores de estrógeno, de progesterona e de T4 livre. Verificou-se que o hipogonadismo e o hipertireoidismo alteram as características plasmáticas do meta...

  3. Investigation of srawberry hardening in low temperatures in vitro

    OpenAIRE

    Lukoševičiūtė, Vanda; Rugienius, Rytis; Kavaliauskaitė, Danguolė

    2007-01-01

    Cold resistance of different strawberry varieties in vitro and ability to retain hardening after defrosting and repeated hardening. Phytohormons – gibberellin and abscisic acid added in the growing medium were investigated in Horticulture plant genetic and biotechnology department of LIH. We tried to model common conditions in temperate zone when freeze-thaw cycles often occur during wintertime. For investigation in vitro strawberries for the first time hardened in light at the temperature of...

  4. In vitro and ex vitro germination of three Handroanthus species (Bignoniaceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nancy M. Apóstolo

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Handroanthus impetiginosus, H. lapacho and “H.ochraceuslapachos” se distribuyen en el NO Argentino y presentan inconvenientes de germinación y conservación en su ambiente natural. La germinación de semillas bajo condiciones controladas es una alternativa para asegurar la propagación de especies con este tipo de problemáticas. En el presente estudio integral, se analizó la germinación in vitroy ex vitro, las características de las semillas y la morfología de las plántulas de las tres especies de Handroanthusmencionadas. Para ello, se midió el largo y ancho de las semillas, el ancho de las alas de la cubierta seminal, el ancho y largo del cuerpo seminal y del embrión. El poder germinativo de las tres especies fue determinado durante 12 meses luego de la cosecha de las semillas. Fueron determinados los parámetros de las plántulas obtenidas in vitroy ex vitro. El tamaño de la semilla y embrión de H. impetiginosus.

  5. Three-dimensional in vitro cancer models: a short review

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Chengyang; Sun, Wei; Tang, Zhenyu; Li, Lingsong; Zhao, Yu; Yao, Rui

    2014-01-01

    The re-creation of the tumor microenvironment including tumor–stromal interactions, cell–cell adhesion and cellular signaling is essential in cancer-related studies. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and animal models have been proven to be valid in some areas of explaining cancerous cell behavior and interpreting hypotheses of possible mechanisms. However, a well-defined three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cancer model, which mimics tumor structures found in vivo and allows cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, has gained strong interest for a wide variety of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This communication attempts to provide a representative overview of applying 3D in vitro biological model systems for cancer related studies. The review compares and comments on the differences in using 2D models, animal models and 3D in vitro models for cancer research. Recent technologies to construct and develop 3D in vitro cancer models are summarized in aspects of modeling design, fabrication technique and potential application to biology, pathogenesis study and drug testing. With the help of advanced engineering techniques, the development of a novel complex 3D in vitro cancer model system will provide a better opportunity to understand crucial cancer mechanisms and to develop new clinical therapies. (topical review)

  6. In vitro systems in pneumocystis research

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dei-Cas, E; Cailliez, J C; Lundgren, Bettina

    1996-01-01

    as well as elimination of host cell debris from parasite extracts. In other investigations, such as transmission, infectivity, life cycle, biochemical, in vitro culture or drug-screening studies, viable and infectious Pneumocystis organisms are urgently required. However, there is no generally accepted...

  7. Injury Response of Resected Human Brain Tissue In Vitro

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Verwer, Ronald W. H.; Sluiter, Arja A.; Balesar, Rawien A.; Baaijen, Johannes C.; de Witt Hamer, Philip C.; Speijer, Dave; Li, Yichen; Swaab, Dick F.

    2015-01-01

    Brain injury affects a significant number of people each year. Organotypic cultures from resected normal neocortical tissue provide unique opportunities to study the cellular and neuropathological consequences of severe injury of adult human brain tissue in vitro. The in vitro injuries caused by

  8. Effects of nutrient media on vegetative growth of Lemna minor and Landoltia punctata during in vitro and ex vitro cultivation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chokchai Kittiwongwattana

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Lemnaceous plants, namely Lemna minor and Landoltia punctata, have been used in various types of biological research. The effects of Murashige and Skoog (MS and Hoagland media on vegetative growth rate of both species during in vitro and ex vitro cultivation were investigated. Under axenic conditions, frond proliferation of L. minor and Lan. punctata in Hoagland medium are 8 and 11.5% respectively faster than that in MS medium. Biomass production in Hoagland medium also increases 2.2-fold (L. minor and 1.4-fold (Lan. punctata compared to MS medium. The roots of both species in MS medium are distinctly shorter than those in Hoagland medium. In contrast, ex vitro regeneration of frond colonies in MS medium is 22.2% (for L. minor and 17.1% (for Lan. punctata faster than in Hoagland medium. Similarly, ex vitro biomass production of both species in MS increases 1.8-fold (for L. minor and 1.3-fold (for Lan. punctata compared to that in Hoagland medium. Root elongation of the frond colonies in MS and Hoagland media is comparable. The distinct effects of MS and Hoagland media on vegetative growth of both species and the pre-determination of ex vitro growth rates in each medium are demonstrated.

  9. Is in vitro meat the solution for the future?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hocquette, Jean-François

    2016-10-01

    The production of in vitro meat regularly generates media interest because of the contribution it could, at first glance, make to the issue of feeding humankind while also protecting the environment and respecting animals. However, the majority of experts considers that there are still numerous technological obstacles that have to be overcome to produce in vitro meat. In addition, even if in vitro meat could eliminate the supposed lack of well-being of livestock and has the potential to free up cultivable land, other supposed advantages are questionable and not always agreed upon by the scientific community. However, another major problem for the commercialisation of in vitro meat would be its acceptance by consumers, even if some consumers are ready to taste it at least once. In particular, the artificial nature of the product goes against the growing demand for natural products in many countries. The consumption of in vitro meat will depend on a conflict of values at an individual or collective level. The reality is that a range of other complementary solutions already exist which meet the challenges of food supply in our society, but which are less saleable to the media. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. In vitro and in vivo therapeutic activity of ibuprofen against dermatophytes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    AlJanabi, Ali S

    2009-01-01

    To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic activity of ibuprofen against dermatophytes. The period of study ranged from June to September 2008. For in vitro investigation of ibuprofen activity, measurement of colony diameter, and dry weight were employed against 4 isolated strains of dermatophytes from 46 patients (30-43 years) suffering from dermatophytoses at Morgan Hospital, Hilla City, Iraq in June 2008. For the in vivo evaluation of ibuprofen, rabbits as the main subjects, were infected with dermatophytes and treated with prepared ibuprofen cream (15mg/gm). In vitro application of ibuprofen showed cidal activity on 4 strains of dermatophytes at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 200 ug/ml. The infected rabbits were successfully cured of dermatophytoses after treatment with ibuprofen cream. Based on in vitro and in vivo application, Ibuprofen can be used as a short-term cure for dermatophytoses. (author)

  11. Comparison of in situ dry matter degradation parameters with in vitro ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Adem Kamalak

    grains on rumen fermentation characteristics using the in vitro gas ..... Effect of chemical content and physical characteristics on nutritional value ... properties and in vitro dry matter on starch digestion of eight sorghum grain hybrids and maize.

  12. 2124-IJBCS-Article-Jude Okoye

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    hp

    Anti-spermatogenic and estrogenic effects of Escravos crude oil in Chinchilla ... Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Nigeria. ... The findings of this study suggest that Escravos crude oil could be ... Petroleum hydrocarbons ... al., 2014a) following direct exposure. ..... bonny light crude oil (BLCO) ingestion.

  13. In vitro bioactivity of glass-ceramic/fibroin composites

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lachezar Radev

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Bioactive composite materials were prepared by mixing 20 wt.% of silk fibroin (SF and 80 wt.% of glassceramics from CaO-SiO2-P2O5-MgO system. In vitro bioactivity of the prepared composites was evaluated in 1.5 simulated body fluid (1.5 SBF in static conditions. The obtained samples before and after in vitro tests were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS. The changes in 1.5 SBF solutions after soaking the samples were evaluated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES. MG63 osteosarcoma cells were used for the biological experiments. The obtained experimental data proved that the synthesized composites exhibit excellent in vitro bioactivity.

  14. Gamma-ray mutagenesis of cultured mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suzuki, Norio; Okada, Shigefumi

    1977-01-01

    The in vitro assay system used to study the reversion of L5178Y-Ala32 cells from an alanine requiring state to a non-requiring state, has been modified in order to be of use in selected in vivo systems. Gamma-ray induced mutations were compared between cells cultured in vitro and those grown in vivo in the intraperitoneal cavity of mice. The expression time was chosen to be 2 days for cells grown in vitro and 5 days for those grown in vivo. The dose-response curve can be described as cumulative for cells grown in vitro and linear for those grown in vivo. A doserate effect was observed in both systems. The cells grown in vivo were less sensitive to γ-rays with respect to both mutation rate per rad and cell killing as compared to cells grown in vitro. The delayed expression and reduced sensitivity of cells in vivo with respect to induced mutation may be due to factors such as hypoxia and/or reduced availability of essential nutrients. Sensitization in vitro by BUdR was detectable at a concentration as low as 10 -6 M, using an exposure time of 15 h. Under these conditions, BUdR alone did not induce any observable mutations

  15. Do senescence markers correlate in vitro and in situ within individual human donors?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Waaijer, Mariëtte E C; Gunn, David A; van Heemst, Diana

    2018-01-01

    Little is known on how well senescence markers in vitro and in situ correlate within individual donors. We studied correlations between the same and different in vitro markers. Furthermore, we tested correlations between in vitro markers with in situ p16INK4a positivity.From 100 donors (20-91 yea...

  16. Effects of ketotifen on human lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Petrasch, S.; van Tits, L. J.; Motulsky, H. J.; Brodde, O. E.; Michel, M. C.

    1993-01-01

    The effects of the antiasthmatic drug ketotifen (CAS 34580-13-7) on human mononuclear leukocytes were studied in vitro and in vivo. In vitro ketotifen concentration-dependently inhibited mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. High ketotifen concentrations also inhibited T-lymphocyte mitogen-

  17. 21 CFR 864.9600 - Potentiating media for in vitro diagnostic use.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Potentiating media for in vitro diagnostic use... Manufacture Blood and Blood Products § 864.9600 Potentiating media for in vitro diagnostic use. (a) Identification. Potentiating media for in vitro diagnostic use are media, such as bovine albumin, that are used...

  18. Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Constituents, Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B₁.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ali Rajput, Shahid; Sun, Lvhui; Zhang, Niya; Mohamed Khalil, Mahmoud; Gao, Xin; Ling, Zhao; Zhu, Luoyi; Khan, Farhan Anwar; Zhang, Jiacai; Qi, Desheng

    2017-11-15

    Aflatoxicosis is a grave threat to the poultry industry. Dietary supplementation with antioxidants showed a great potential in enhancing the immune system; hence, protecting animals against aflatoxin B₁-induced toxicity. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) one of the most well-known and powerful antioxidants. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of GSPE in the detoxification of AFB₁ in broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old Cobb chicks were randomly allocated into five treatments of six replicates (10 birds per replicate), fed ad libitum for four weeks with the following dietary treatments: 1. Basal diet (control); 2. Basal diet + 1 mg/kg AFB₁ contaminated corn (AFB₁); 3. Basal diet + GSPE 250 mg/kg; (GSPE 250 mg/kg) 4. Basal diet + AFB₁ (1 mg/kg) + GSPE 250 mg/kg; (AFB₁ + GSPE 250 mg/kg) 5. Basal diet + AFB₁ (1mg/kg) + GSPE 500 mg/kg, (AFB₁ + GSPE 500 mg/kg). When compared with the control group, feeding broilers with AFB₁ alone significantly reduced growth performance, serum immunoglobulin contents, negatively altered serum biochemical contents, and enzyme activities, and induced histopathological lesion in the liver. In addition, AFB₁ significantly increased malondialdehyde content and decreased total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxide, glutathione-S transferase, glutathione reductase activities, and glutathione concentration within the liver and serum. The supplementation of GSPE (250 and 500 mg/kg) to AFB₁ contaminated diet reduced AFB₁ residue in the liver and significantly mitigated AFB₁ negative effects. From these results, it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of GSPE has protective effects against aflatoxicosis caused by AFB₁ in broiler chickens.

  19. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of inulin

    OpenAIRE

    Shang, Hong-Mei; Zhou, Hai-Zhu; Yang, Jun-Yan; Li, Ran; Song, Hui; Wu, Hong-Xin

    2018-01-01

    This study was designed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of inulin. The in vitro assays demonstrated that the antioxidant activities of inulin, including the DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS scavenging activity and ferric reducing power, were weak and significantly lower than those of Vitamin C (P < 0.05). The influence of dietary supplementation with inulin on the antioxidant status of laying hens was evaluated with in vivo antioxidant assays. The results ...

  20. Primary Stability of Zirconium vs Titanium Implants: An In Vitro Comparison

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-06-05

    of any copyrighted material in the thesis manuscript entitled: Primary Stability of Zirconium vs Titanium Implants: An In Vitro Comparison Is...Uniformed Services University Date: 02/20/2015 Primary Stability of Zirconium vs Titanium Implants: An In Vitro Comparison By...the thesis manuscript entitled: Primary Stability of Zirconium vs Titanium Implants: An In Vitro Comparison Is appropriately acknowledged

  1. A comparison of in vivo and in vitro human airway reactivity to histamine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Armour, C L; Lazar, N M; Schellenberg, R R; Taylor, S M; Chan, N; Hogg, J C; Paré, P D

    1984-06-01

    To examine for a relationship between in vivo nonspecific bronchial reactivity to histamine and in vitro smooth muscle response to histamine, we performed inhalation dose-response curves prior to lung surgery in 12 patients and compared this with their bronchial smooth muscle response in vitro. In vivo reactivity was assessed by the provocative concentration of histamine resulting in a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC20), and in vitro reactivity was measured by the negative log of the molar concentration of histamine producing 50% maximal contraction (pD2) as well as maximal tension generated (Tmax). In addition, morphometric analysis was performed on the in vitro tissue to quantitate the amount of smooth muscle present. A wide range of in vivo responses was found in the 12 subjects (PC20-0.065 lead to 16). There was less in vitro variability and no correlation between PC20 and in vitro reactivity assessed by pD20 or Tmax or between PC20 and the percent of smooth muscle.

  2. In vivo and in vitro radiosensitivities ofnewly established mouse ascites tumors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Okamoto, M.; Tsuboi, A.; Tsuchiya, T.

    1981-01-01

    The response of two newly established mouse mammary tumors to x irradiation in vitro and in vivo was studied by colony-forming assay in soft agar. Cells irradiated in vivo were more resistant than those irradiated in vitro. The D 0 values for in vitro irradiation were 112 rad at both exponential and stationary phases, while those for in vivo irradiation were 303 rad at exponential phase and 556 rad at stationary phase. This increase in D 0 value, which is greater than the OER, suggests that radiosensitivity in vivo cannot be explained only by hypoxia

  3. Potential countersample materials for in vitro simulation wear testing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shortall, Adrian C; Hu, Xiao Q; Marquis, Peter M

    2002-05-01

    Any laboratory investigation of the wear resistance of dental materials needs to consider oral conditions so that in vitro wear results can be correlated with in vivo findings. The choice of the countersample is a critical factor in establishing the pattern of tribological wear and in achieving an efficient in vitro wear testing system. This research investigated the wear behavior and surface characteristics associated with three candidate countersample materials used for in vitro wear testing in order to identify a possible suitable substitute for human dental enamel. Three candidate materials, stainless steel, steatite and dental porcelain were evaluated and compared to human enamel. A variety of factors including hardness, wear surface evolution and frictional coefficients were considered, relative to the tribology of the in vivo situation. The results suggested that the dental porcelain investigated bore the closest similarity to human enamel of the materials investigated. Assessment of potential countersample materials should be based on the essential tribological simulation supported by investigations of mechanical, chemical and structural properties. The selected dental porcelain had the best simulating ability among the three selected countersample materials and this class of material may be considered as a possible countersample material for in vitro wear test purposes. Further studies are required, employing a wider range of dental ceramics, in order to optimise the choice of countersample material for standardized in vitro wear testing.

  4. Analysis of Carbohydrate Metabolism Genes of Spongospora subterranea Using 454 Pyrosequencing / Análisis de Genes del Metabolismo de Carbohidratos de Spongospora subterranea Utilizando Pirosecuenciación 454

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Andrés Gutiérrez Sánchez

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract. Spongospora subterranea, the causal agent of Potato powdery scab, is an important soil-borne obligate protozoan commonly found in Andean soils. This is a serious problem that causes cosmetic damage on the skin of tubers and induces root gall formation, diminishing the yield and commercial value of the potato. Genetic studies on S. subterranea are difficult due to its obligate parasitism, which explains the lack of available knowledge on its basic biology. S. subterranea is a member of the Plasmodiophorida order, a protist taxa that includes other important plant pathogens such as Plasmodiophora brassicae and Spongospora nasturtii. Little is known about the genomes of Plasmodiophorida; however, with the use of Next-GenerationSequencing technologies combined with appropriate bioinformatic techniques, it is possible to obtain genomic sequences from obligate pathogens such as S. subterranea. To gain a better understanding of the biology of this pathogen and Plasmodiophorida in general, DNA sequences from a cystosori-enriched sample of S. subterranea were obtained using 454 pyrosequencing technology. As a first step in understanding the nutritional requirements ofS. subterranea as well as its infective and resistance structures, we present a bioinformatic analysis of 24 contigs related to genes involved in the glycolysis, starch, celullose and chitin metabolism. Intron structure and codon usage is also discussed. The genes analyzed in this study are a good source of information for studies aimed at characterizing these enzymes in vitro, as well as the generation of new methods for the molecular detection of S. subterranea in either soils or infected plants. / Resumen. Spongospora subterranea, el agente causal de la sarna polvosa de la papa, es un protozoo y patógeno obligado presente en los suelos andinos. Esta enfermedad es un serio problema para el cultivo de papa, al causar lesiones cosméticas en la piel de los

  5. Synergistic In Vitro Antimalarial Activity of Omeprazole and Quinine

    OpenAIRE

    Skinner-Adams, T.; Davis, T. M. E.

    1999-01-01

    Previous studies have shown that the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole has antimalarial activity in vitro. The interactions of omeprazole with commonly used antimalarial drugs were assessed in vitro. Omeprazole and quinine combinations were synergistic; however, chloroquine and omeprazole combinations were antagonistic. Artemisinin drugs had additive antimalarial activities with omeprazole.

  6. In vitro regeneration of hybrid plantlets of cashew (Anacardium ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Embryos from immature nuts of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) were cultured in vitro to regenerate improved hybrid plantlets. Explants (embryo) were excised from developing F1 hybrid immature nuts derived from diallel cross and harvested at 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-weeks after pollination (WAPo) for in vitro culture.

  7. How can in vitro models best reflect in vivo Staphylococcus biofilms?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Meyer, Rikke Louise

    In vitro biofilm models are the basis for most studies of biofilm biology because they enable high-throughput analyses without the expenditure of animals. But how do we ensure that what we learn from in vitro studies is relevant in vivo? Biofilms grown in standard laboratory media do not interact...... with host factors and are thus profoundly different from in vivo biofilms. We therefore need in vitro models that are as in vivo-like as possible. We investigated how the addition of divalent cations and human plasma to brain heart infusion broth affected biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus...

  8. In vitro organogenesis in some citrus species

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Evandro Henrique Schinor

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available In vitro organogenesis of Citrus was studied for the genotypes Citrus sinensis cv. 'Natal', C. limonia, C. volkameriana, and C. aurantium, with the use of epicotyl segments-derived explants, cultured in MT salts and vitamins medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP - 0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 or 2.0 mg L-1. For the recalcitrant genotypes C. limonia and C. aurantium the in vitro organogenesis was also studied with internodal segments-derived explants, cultured in MT salts and vitamins medium supplemented with 0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0, or 4.0 mg L-1 of BAP. The efficiency of culture medium supplementation with the combination of BAP (0.0; 1.0, or 2.0 mg L-1 and NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid - 0.0; 0.3, or 0.5 mg L-1 in the development of adventitious shoots was evaluated for C. aurantium. Culture medium supplementation with BAP is not essential for the adventitious shoots development in the four genotypes studied when epicotyl segments-derived explants are used. In general, culture media supplementation with BAP decreased the percentage of responsive explants excepted for C. sinensis cv. 'Natal' and C. limonia when the concentrations of 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L were used. The presence of cytokinin, in concentrations up to 2 mg/L, stimulated the in vitro organogenesis when internodal segments-derived explants were used for C. limonia and C. aurantium. For C. aurantium no adventitious shoots developed in explants (internodal segments cultured in basal culture medium, without BAP supplementation. Although no statistic differences could be detected, culture media supplementation with the combination of BAP and NAA favored the development of adventitious shoots in C. aurantium. The best concentration of NAA varied according to BAP concentration. The results presented herein, show that Citrus in vitro organogenesis depends on the interaction of culture medium composition, explant differentiation level, and genotype.

  9. In vitro mutagenesis of red ginger (Alpinia purpurata)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lamseejan, S.; Ubonprasert, B.; Kareeros, P.; Pungkan, V.

    1996-01-01

    Gamma rays and in vitro culture techniques were used for mutation induction experiment in red ginger. Shoot clusters of red ginger were treated with gamma rays at 0, 30, 50, 70 and 90 Gy. Treated shoots were then isolated and transferred individually to fresh medium. L D 50 was calculated based on a number of surviving plants in each treatment at 30 days after irradiation. L D 50 for in vitro vulture of red ginger was approximately 20 Gy. In an attempt to isolate mutants by sub culturing 3 times at 1 month interval, two mutants were isolated. One mutant has a normal growth with numerous white streaks on green leaves. The other mutant has darkly wrinkled leaves with abnormal plant type. These mutants were both isolated from in vitro culture of red ginger treated with 10 Gy of gamma rays

  10. Stress in plants cultured in vitro

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Klerk, de G.J.M.

    2007-01-01

    Plants subjected to stress display various defense mechanisms. On base of these mechanisms, stress-protective measures can be developed. This paper deals with protection brought about by putrescine. An in vitro system to impose drought stress was developed and the protective effect of putrescine on

  11. In vitro and in vivo applications of tumor markers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chatal, J.F.; Ricolleau, G.; Fumoleau, P.; Vuillez, J.P.H.; Chetanneau, A.; Peltier, P.; Lacroix, H.

    1988-01-01

    In vitro and in vivo applications of tumor markers are reviewed. Concerning in vitro applications, the following topics are developed: ideal marker criterion; present availability of markers; immunoassay methodology; clinical applications; future prospects (oncogenes). In vivo applications deal with immunoscintigraphy a new imaging technique, different from conventional morphological methods, based on specific recognition of antigenic target and involving many immunologic, hemodynamic and methodologic parameters. These various parameters are presented and clinical applications and future prospects of immunoscintigraphy are evaluated [fr

  12. Quantitative in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation in a high-throughput environment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wetmore, Barbara A.

    2015-01-01

    High-throughput in vitro toxicity screening provides an efficient way to identify potential biological targets for environmental and industrial chemicals while conserving limited testing resources. However, reliance on the nominal chemical concentrations in these in vitro assays as an indicator of bioactivity may misrepresent potential in vivo effects of these chemicals due to differences in clearance, protein binding, bioavailability, and other pharmacokinetic factors. Development of high-throughput in vitro hepatic clearance and protein binding assays and refinement of quantitative in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) methods have provided key tools to predict xenobiotic steady state pharmacokinetics. Using a process known as reverse dosimetry, knowledge of the chemical steady state behavior can be incorporated with HTS data to determine the external in vivo oral exposure needed to achieve internal blood concentrations equivalent to those eliciting bioactivity in the assays. These daily oral doses, known as oral equivalents, can be compared to chronic human exposure estimates to assess whether in vitro bioactivity would be expected at the dose-equivalent level of human exposure. This review will describe the use of QIVIVE methods in a high-throughput environment and the promise they hold in shaping chemical testing priorities and, potentially, high-throughput risk assessment strategies

  13. IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF MICRORHIZOMES IN GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohamed Abbas

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available The present investigation was carried out to highlight an effective protocol for in vitro production of ginger microrhizomes. Microrhizomes were induced at the base of the in vitro derived shoots upon transfer to MS medium containing various concentrations of (30, 60 and 90 g/L, BAP: 6-benzylaminopurine (3, 6 and 9 mg/L and grown under varying photoperiodism in addition to the MS medium supplemented with 9 mg/L BAP and 60-90 g/L sucrose under 16-h photoperiod within 10 weeks of cultivation were the best conditions for microrhizomes induction. Ginger microrhizomes formation in vitro was found to be controlled by many factors, including the concentrations of BAP and sucrose as well as photoperiodism during culturing period.

  14. In vitro fermentability of differently digested resistant starch preparations

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Fässler, C.; Arrigoni, E.; Venema, K.; Brouns, F.; Amadò, R.

    2006-01-01

    The in vitro fermentability of two resistant starch preparations type 2 (RS2) and type 3 (RS3) was investigated using human colonic microbiota. Prior to the fermentation experiments, samples were digested using two in vitro models, a batch (ba) and a dynamic (dy), as well as an in vivo method (il)

  15. Chromosome aberrations in monkey lymphocytes irradiated in vitro and in vivo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ziemba-Zak, B.

    1976-01-01

    The relationship between the X-ray dose and yield of dicentrics plus centric rings in monkey lymphocytes in vitro was studied. Frequency of these aberrations at different periods after in vivo exposure was also studied. No statistically significant differences were found between the yield of dicentrics plus centric rings obtained by in vitro and in vivo (up to 7 days) after irradiation. (author)

  16. Do prostaglandins affect cellular radiosensitivity in vitro

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Millar, B.C.; Jinks, S.

    1984-01-01

    The authors were unable to detect any change in the in vitro radiation response of mouse fibrosarcoma cells, HSDM 1 C 1 , which secrete 2 μg PGE 2 /mg cell protein/24 h, in the presence of the prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitor flurbiprofen. Furthermore, addition of exogenous PGE 1 or PGA 2 to cultures of Chinese hamster cells was similarly without effect on radiation response. Although a high concentration of PGA 2 inhibited the growth of Chinese hamster cells in vitro this effect disappeared upon removal of the prostaglandin. The implications of these results for radiotherapy are discussed. (author)

  17. Synthetic biology projects in vitro.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Forster, Anthony C; Church, George M

    2007-01-01

    Advances in the in vitro synthesis and evolution of DNA, RNA, and polypeptides are accelerating the construction of biopolymers, pathways, and organisms with novel functions. Known functions are being integrated and debugged with the aim of synthesizing life-like systems. The goals are knowledge, tools, smart materials, and therapies.

  18. In vitro lipid metabolism, growth and metabolic hormone concentrations in hyperthyroid chickens.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rosebrough, R W; McMurtry, J P; Vasilatos-Younken, R

    1992-11-01

    Indian River male broiler chickens growing from 7 to 28 d of age were fed on diets containing energy:protein values varying from 43 to 106 MJ/kg protein and containing 0 or 1 mg triiodothyronine (T3)/kg diet to study effects on growth, metabolic hormone concentrations and in vitro lipogenesis. In vitro lipid synthesis was determined in liver explants in the presence and absence of ouabain (Na+, K(+)-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.1.37) inhibitor) to estimate the role of enzyme activity in explants synthesizing lipid. Growth and feed consumption increased (P 53 MJ/kg protein) and dietary T3 lowered (P 53 MJ/kg protein) increased (P < 0.01) lipogenesis, plasma growth hormone (GH) and decreased plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Also, T3 decreased plasma GH, IGF-1 in vitro lipogenesis. Ouabain inhibited a greater proportion of in vitro lipogenesis in those explants synthesizing fat at a high rate. Both dietary T3 and in vitro ouabain decrease lipogenesis, but, when combined, the effects are not cumulative.

  19. In vitro propagation, ex vitro rooting and leaf micromorphology of Bauhinia racemosa Lam.: a leguminous tree with medicinal values.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sharma, Udit; Kataria, Vinod; Shekhawat, N S

    2017-10-01

    A micropropagation system for Bauhinia racemosa Lam. was developed involving axillary shoot proliferation and ex vitro rooting using nodal explants obtained from mature tree. MS medium with 3.0 mg l -1 BA (6-benzyladenine) was optimum for shoot bud induction. For shoot multiplication, mother explants were transferred repeatedly on medium containing low concentration of BA (0.75 mg l -1 ). Number of shoots was increased up to two passages and decreased thereafter. Shoot multiplication was further enhanced on MS medium containing 0.25 mg l -1 each of BA and Kin (Kinetin) with 0.1 mg l -1 of NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid). Addition of 0.004 mg l -1 TDZ (thidiazuron) increased the rate of shoot multiplication and 21.81 ± 1.26 shoots per culture vessel were obtained. In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted under ex vitro conditions treated with 400 mg l -1 IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) for 7 min on sterile soilrite. After successful hardening in greenhouse, ex vitro rooted plants were transferred to the field conditions with ≈85% of survival rate. Micromorphological changes were observed on leaf surface i.e. development of vein density and trichomes and stomatal appearance, when plants were subjected to environmental conditions. This is the first report on in vitro regeneration of B. racemosa from mature tree.

  20. Directed Evolution of Proteins through In Vitro Protein Synthesis in Liposomes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Takehiro Nishikawa

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Directed evolution of proteins is a technique used to modify protein functions through “Darwinian selection.” In vitro compartmentalization (IVC is an in vitro gene screening system for directed evolution of proteins. IVC establishes the link between genetic information (genotype and the protein translated from the information (phenotype, which is essential for all directed evolution methods, by encapsulating both in a nonliving microcompartment. Herein, we introduce a new liposome-based IVC system consisting of a liposome, the protein synthesis using recombinant elements (PURE system and a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS used as a microcompartment, in vitro protein synthesis system, and high-throughput screen, respectively. Liposome-based IVC is characterized by in vitro protein synthesis from a single copy of a gene in a cell-sized unilamellar liposome and quantitative functional evaluation of the synthesized proteins. Examples of liposome-based IVC for screening proteins such as GFP and β-glucuronidase are described. We discuss the future directions for this method and its applications.

  1. An efficient protocol for in vitro organogenesis and antioxidant ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Total flavonoids and phenolic content in leaves of in vitro Melia dubia was 0.56 ± 0.8 mg quercitin equivalent (QE) and 2.97 ± 0.17 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) respectively. The antioxidant property was further assed through measurement of DPPH radical scavenging activity. The in-vitro regeneration protocol can be ...

  2. Inhibition of acetylcholine synthesis in vitro

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    O-Neill, J.J.; Capacio, B.; Doukas, P.H.; Leech, R.; Ricciardi, F.; Sterling, G.H.

    1986-01-01

    In order to better understand diseases that stem from deficiencies in cholinergic activity, reproducible in vitro and in vivo models displaying cholinergic hypofunction are desirable. This necessitates the availability of specific inhibitors. This paper examines the design, synthesis and evaluation of quinuclidinyl compounds with structural features previously reported, but with certain key differences. Structure activity studies with in vitro assay systems are presented. In a few studies, choline was held constant and acetyl-CoA concentration was varied, but with a constant amount of ( 14 C) - acetyl CoA. Acetylcholine synthesis and CO 2 production from labelled glucose were measured in cerebral cortex slices from male rats after decapitation. The nanomoles of ACh and CO 2 produced from ( 14 C) -glucose were calculated from glucose specific activity. Results are presented

  3. Protective Effects of Sporoderm-Broken Spores of Ganderma lucidum on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function of Broiler Chickens Exposed to Low Level of Aflatoxin B1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tao Liu

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 and evaluate the effects of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum (SSGL in relieving aflatoxicosis in broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old male Arbor Acre broiler chickens were randomly divided into four dietary treatments; the treatment diets were: Control (a basal diet containing normal peanut meal; AFB1 (the basal diet containing AFB1-contaminated peanut meal; SSGL (basal diet with 200 mg/kg of SSGL; AFB1+SSGL (supplementation of 200 mg/kg of SSGL in AFB1 diet. The contents of AFB1 in AFB1 and AFB1+SSGL diets were 25.0 μg/kg in the starter period and 22.5 μg/kg in the finisher period. The results showed that diet contaminated with a low level of AFB1 significantly decreased (p < 0.05 the average daily feed intake and average daily gain during the entire experiment and reduced (p < 0.05 serum contents of total protein IgA and IgG. Furthermore, a dietary low level of AFB1 not only increased (p < 0.05 levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation, but also decreased (p < 0.05 total antioxidant capability, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and hydroxyl radical scavenger activity in the liver and spleen of broilers. Moreover, the addition of SSGL to AFB1-contaminated diet counteracted these negative effects, indicating that SSGL has a protective effect against aflatoxicosis.

  4. Protective Effects of Sporoderm-Broken Spores of Ganderma lucidum on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function of Broiler Chickens Exposed to Low Level of Aflatoxin B₁.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Tao; Ma, Qiugang; Zhao, Lihong; Jia, Ru; Zhang, Jianyun; Ji, Cheng; Wang, Xinyue

    2016-09-24

    This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and evaluate the effects of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum (SSGL) in relieving aflatoxicosis in broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old male Arbor Acre broiler chickens were randomly divided into four dietary treatments; the treatment diets were: Control (a basal diet containing normal peanut meal); AFB₁ (the basal diet containing AFB₁-contaminated peanut meal); SSGL (basal diet with 200 mg/kg of SSGL); AFB₁+SSGL (supplementation of 200 mg/kg of SSGL in AFB₁ diet). The contents of AFB₁ in AFB₁ and AFB₁+SSGL diets were 25.0 μg/kg in the starter period and 22.5 μg/kg in the finisher period. The results showed that diet contaminated with a low level of AFB₁ significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the average daily feed intake and average daily gain during the entire experiment and reduced (p < 0.05) serum contents of total protein IgA and IgG. Furthermore, a dietary low level of AFB₁ not only increased (p < 0.05) levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation, but also decreased (p < 0.05) total antioxidant capability, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and hydroxyl radical scavenger activity in the liver and spleen of broilers. Moreover, the addition of SSGL to AFB₁-contaminated diet counteracted these negative effects, indicating that SSGL has a protective effect against aflatoxicosis.

  5. Oil accumulation in soybean seeds grown in vitro and in vivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Leonardo Bruno

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available The soybean seed presents around 20% of oil and 40% of protein. These levels, during the filling of the seeds, can be influenced by environmental conditions, where are produced changes on its biochemistry composition. The higher temperatures promote the accumulation of protein, and the moderate temperatures favor the oil accumulation. Under in vivo growing conditions the control of these factors is difficult. The in vitro procedure can help the research, because the seed can be isolated from the mother plant in controlled environment. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the oil content of BRS184 and BRS282in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo procedure, occurred in the greenhouse, with 3plantsper potand seed collectionin R8, and in vitro procedure, developed in the laboratory, where the immature seeds were taken from the mother plant in R5 stage, cultured with a liquid culture medium containing 20 mM, 40 mM and 60 mM glutamine, with a constant agitation, during eight days at 25 ± 0.2 °C, and sucrose concentration of 204.5 mM. After the in vitro cultivation time for, the fresh weight gain of the seeds was evaluated, and after both experiments, was determined by the oil content for cultivation in R5, and R8. The accumulation of oil in soybean seeds presents a complex interaction, ranging between the genotype and the environmental conditions, under in vivo and in vitro cultivation. There is a positive correlation between production and oil content in seeds.

  6. Protective Effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 on Serum Biochemistry, Histopathological Changes and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Broilers Fed Moldy Peanut Meal Naturally Contaminated with Aflatoxins

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yu Fan

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of aflatoxins and evaluate the effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 in detoxifying aflatoxicosis in broilers. A total of 360 one-week-old male broilers (Ross 308 were assigned to six dietary treatments for five weeks. The treatment diets were: C0 (basal diet; C1.0 (C0 + 1.0 g B. subtilis ANSB060/kg diet; M0 (basal diet formulated with moldy peanut meal; M0.5, M1.0 and M2.0 (M0 + 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g B. subtilis ANSB060/kg diet, respectively. The contents of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 in the diets formulated with moldy peanut meal were 70.7 ± 1.3, 11.0 ± 1.5, 6.5 ± 0.8 and 2.0 ± 0.3 µg/kg, respectively. The results showed that aflatoxins increased (p < 0.05 serum aspartate transaminase activity, decreased (p < 0.05 serum glutathione peroxidase activity, and enhanced (p < 0.05 malondialdehyde contents in both the serum and liver. Aflatoxins also caused gross and histological changes in liver tissues, such as bile duct epithelium hyperplasia, vacuolar degeneration and lymphocyte infiltration. The supplementation of ANSB060 reduced aflatoxin levels in the duodenum and counteracted the negative effects of aflatoxins, leading to the conclusion that ANSB060 has a protective effect against aflatoxicosis and this protection is dose-related.

  7. Anatomia comparada de folhas de pimenta longa (Piper hispidinervum C. DC. e pimenta de macaco (Piper aduncum L. cultivadas in vitro, ex vitro e in vivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simone Alencar Maciel

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2014v27n4p11 Piper hispidinervum e Piper aduncum apresentam compostos metabólitos secundários como safrol e dilapiol de interesse comercial em seus óleos essenciais. O trabalho teve como objetivo comparar aspectos anatômicos, relacionados a respostas fisiológicas das folhas de P. hispidinervum e P. aduncum propagadas in vitro, in vivo e durante a aclimatização. Secções paradérmicas e transversais da lâmina foliar do cultivo in vitro, ex vitro e in vivo, feitas à mão-livre foram realizadas para a medição das estruturas anatômicas em microscópio de luz. A espessura da epiderme e hipoderme de P. hispidinervum e P. aduncum sofrem alterações na transição de cultivo in vitro para o ex vitro. Os tecidos do mesofilo e a abertura do poro estomático de ambas as espécies são influenciados pelo ambiente in vitro. Diferentes ambientes de cultivo promovem a plasticidade das estruturas celulares da lâmina foliar e fundamentam o sucesso da micropropagação de ambas as espécies.

  8. The In vitro meat cookbook

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Mensvoort, van K.M.; Grievink, H.J.

    2014-01-01

    With the world's population expected to reach nine billion people by 2050, it becomes impossible to produce and consume meat like we do today. In vitro meat, grown from cells in a laboratory, could provide a sustainable and animal-friendly alternative. Yet, before we can decide if we are willing to

  9. Accelerated in-vitro release testing methods for extended-release parenteral dosage forms.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shen, Jie; Burgess, Diane J

    2012-07-01

    This review highlights current methods and strategies for accelerated in-vitro drug release testing of extended-release parenteral dosage forms such as polymeric microparticulate systems, lipid microparticulate systems, in-situ depot-forming systems and implants. Extended-release parenteral dosage forms are typically designed to maintain the effective drug concentration over periods of weeks, months or even years. Consequently, 'real-time' in-vitro release tests for these dosage forms are often run over a long time period. Accelerated in-vitro release methods can provide rapid evaluation and therefore are desirable for quality control purposes. To this end, different accelerated in-vitro release methods using United States Pharmacopeia (USP) apparatus have been developed. Different mechanisms of accelerating drug release from extended-release parenteral dosage forms, along with the accelerated in-vitro release testing methods currently employed are discussed. Accelerated in-vitro release testing methods with good discriminatory ability are critical for quality control of extended-release parenteral products. Methods that can be used in the development of in-vitro-in-vivo correlation (IVIVC) are desirable; however, for complex parenteral products this may not always be achievable. © 2012 The Authors. JPP © 2012 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.

  10. Accelerated in vitro release testing methods for extended release parenteral dosage forms

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shen, Jie; Burgess, Diane J.

    2012-01-01

    Objectives This review highlights current methods and strategies for accelerated in vitro drug release testing of extended release parenteral dosage forms such as polymeric microparticulate systems, lipid microparticulate systems, in situ depot-forming systems, and implants. Key findings Extended release parenteral dosage forms are typically designed to maintain the effective drug concentration over periods of weeks, months or even years. Consequently, “real-time” in vitro release tests for these dosage forms are often run over a long time period. Accelerated in vitro release methods can provide rapid evaluation and therefore are desirable for quality control purposes. To this end, different accelerated in vitro release methods using United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) apparatus have been developed. Different mechanisms of accelerating drug release from extended release parenteral dosage forms, along with the accelerated in vitro release testing methods currently employed are discussed. Conclusions Accelerated in vitro release testing methods with good discriminatory ability are critical for quality control of extended release parenteral products. Methods that can be used in the development of in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) are desirable, however for complex parenteral products this may not always be achievable. PMID:22686344

  11. Gamma ray induced effects in in vitro mammillaria san angelensis (CACTACEAE)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brunner, I.; Rubluo, A.; De la Cruz, E.; Gonzalez, J.

    2001-01-01

    The nearly extinct Mammillaria san angelensis has been recovered in vitro and large quantities of individuals are growing successfully in the greenhouse, however due to its axillary shoot proliferation origin the genetic make-up of this species is extremely narrow. For this reason is urgently required to increase its genetic variability. The induction of point mutations through irradiation of in vitro plantlets can favour the survival of this plant. Radiosensibility experiments using gamma rays were performed in order to determine the primary effects of radiation in in vitro plantlets of this species as a necessary preliminary for the use of the mutation induction strategy

  12. In vitro and in vivo Development of Cloned Ovine Embryos using in vitro and in vivo Matured Oocytes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Holm, P; Nagashima, H; Sun, F-J

    1995-01-01

    Cloning of sheep embryos by nucleus transplantation can be achieved by using in vivo matured (oviductal) oocytes and in vivo culture. However, these steps involve cumbersome procedures. Therefore, the effects of in vivo vs. the equivalent in vitro procedures on the pre-implantation development of...

  13. Propagação e conservação in vitro de vetiver In vitro propagation and conservation of vetiver grass

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thatiana C Santos

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available O vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides é um capim perene com características físico-químicas e agronômicas importantes que o torna uma espécie destaque. De suas raízes é extraído um óleo essencial utilizado amplamente na produção de perfumes e devido à sua baixa volatilidade, como fixador de odor. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um protocolo de propagação e de conservação in vitro de vetiver. Para o ensaio de multiplicação in vitro testaram-se combinações dos reguladores de crescimento BAP e ANA. Na aclimatização foram testados substratos contendo pó de coco e/ou vermiculita suplementado com calcário, fertilizante NPK (3-12-6 e concentrações dos sais do meio MS. Nos ensaios de conservação in vitro foram avaliadas as temperaturas de 18 e 25°C, reguladores osmóticos (sacarose, manitol e sorbitol, o inibidor de crescimento ABA e diferentes concentrações dos sais MS. Verificou-se que a micropropagação de vetiver UFS-VET003 é promovida em meio MS líquido acrescido de 3,33 mg L-1 de BAP, sendo a etapa de enraizamento das brotações proporcionada em meio MS básico, também líquido. Para aclimatização recomenda-se o substrato PBC. A conservação in vitro é possível em meio MS semissólido com 25% dos sais MS e temperatura de 18°C por um período de 270 dias.Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides is a perennial grass which presents physicochemical and agronomic characteristics that highlights the importance of this species. From the roots of vetiver grass essential oil is extracted which is widely used for perfume production, and because of its low volatility it is used as fragrance fixer. We developed a protocol for in vitro propagation and conservation of vetiver grass. For the in vitro multiplication assay, combinations of the growth regulators BAP and NAA were tested. For acclimatization, substrates containing coconut coir and/or vermiculite, supplemented with limestone, NPK (3-12-6 fertilizer and the

  14. Histopathological and biochemical disrupting effects of Escravos ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    user

    2014-02-27

    Feb 27, 2014 ... African Journal of Environmental Science and. Technology ... Escravos crude oil on the liver and heart in Chinchilla rabbits ... rupturing or leaking of production infrastructures that are ..... with mild onset of cirrhosis (marked by areas of distorted ... which are used to assess the risk of cardiovascular and.

  15. Do prostaglandins affect cellular radiosensitivity in vitro

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Millar, B.C.; Jinks, S. (Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton (UK). Surrey Branch)

    1984-10-01

    The authors were unable to detect any change in the in vitro radiation response of mouse fibrosarcoma cells, HSDM/sub 1/C/sub 1/, which secrete 2 ..mu..g PGE/sub 2//mg cell protein/24 h, in the presence of the prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitor flurbiprofen. Furthermore, addition of exogenous PGE/sub 1/ or PGA/sub 2/ to cultures of Chinese hamster cells was similarly without effect on radiation response. Although a high concentration of PGA/sub 2/ inhibited the growth of Chinese hamster cells in vitro this effect disappeared upon removal of the prostaglandin. The implications of these results for radiotherapy are discussed.

  16. In vitro production of growth regulators and phosphatase activity by ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The result showed that the population levels of phosphobacteria were higher in the rhizosphere soil of groundnut plant. Further, all the strains of phosphobacteria were able to produce phytohormones and phosphatase enzyme under in vitro conditions. Keywords: In vitro, phosphobacteria, growth regulators ...

  17. Disinfection procedures for in vitro propagation of Anthurium

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silva Jaime A. Teixeira da

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Disinfection of plant material is the most important step of the tissue culture protocol. In this process, an attempt is made to eliminate microbial contaminants from the surface and interior of plant material, thus giving the explant a fighting chance at survival in vitro. Initial cultures of Anthurium species and cultivars, which are usually established from ex vitro material grown in a greenhouse, pots or in the field, easily contaminate the in vitro milieu. This review highlights the differences in disinfection protocols that exist for different species or cultivars of Anthurium. The protocol needs to be adjusted based on the material used: spadices, spathes, seeds, leaves, or roots. Regrettably, most of the currently published protocols, derived from a literature that spans over 100 published papers, have numerous weaknesses and flaws in the information provided pertaining to disinfection and infection levels. Advice for future Anthurium researchers should thus be followed cautiously.

  18. Gene expression and apoptosis in bovine embryos during in vitro culture and in vivo development

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Knijn, H.W.

    2004-01-01

    The first attempts to fertilise in vitro bovine oocytes were done in the late sixties but only in 1982 the first calf was born after transplantation of a complete in vitro produced embryo. Since then the in vitro production system improved a lot but it is still impossible to mimic the in vivo

  19. ''In vitro'' mutation breeding methodology for Fusarium wilt resistance in banana

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tulmann Neto, A; Domingues, E T; Mendes, B M.J.; Ando, A [Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), Piracicaba, SP. (Brazil)

    1990-07-01

    Full text: Besides ''in vivo'' methods, the Radiation Genetics Section of CENA/USP is also using ''in vitro'' methods for mutation breeding to obtain resistance to Panama disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense in the banana cultivar ''Maca''. A protocol has been established for the ''in vitro'' development of shoot tips, obtained from plants in the field or already cultivated under {sup i}n vitro'' conditions. For both cases, only one culture medium was used during all steps of ''in vitro'' cultivation. New buds were formed and these buds grew and developed to form roots. The medium was composed of macro and micro nutrients, with added Morel vitamines, BAP (5 mg/l), saccharose (30 g/l) and agar (6.5 g/l), at pH 5.7. Cultures were allowed to grow in a controlled environment at 27 deg. C and 16 h illumination. Shoot tips which originated from ''in vitro'' plantlets, were cut longitudinally down the middle. This was done to avoid a tendency of regeneration of the original tissue instead of the formation of new lateral buds. To resolve the chimerism resulting when mutagenic treatment is applied to shoot tips, there is a need of vegetative propagation of new lateral buds. Selection can then be done at M{sub 1}V{sub 4} generation. Once the protocol was established, the gamma ray sensitivity was determined. The dose that produced a 50% decrease in the number of new lateral buds was around 40 Gy and this dose will be utilised. The methodology was completed by soil inoculation with Fusarium of young plants 15 cm in height, obtained from ''in vitro'' cultures. After 3 weeks all inoculated plants showed symptoms of wilt, demonstrating the possibility of screening. The method is now being utilised on a large scale in an attempt to induce a resistant mutant. (author)

  20. The development of in vitro mutagenicity testing systems using T-lymphocytes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Albertini, R.J.

    1992-05-01

    This work has focused on the development of in vitro T-cell mutation assays. Conditions have been defined to measure the in vitro induction of mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) locus in human T-lymphocytes. This assay is a parallel to our in vivo hprt assay, in that the same cells are utilized. However, the in vitro assay allows for carefully controlled dose response studies. 21 refs., 16 figs., 13 tabs

  1. Engineering stromal-epithelial interactions in vitro for ...

    Science.gov (United States)

    Background: Crosstalk between epithelial and stromal cells drives the morphogenesis of ectodermal organs during development and promotes normal mature adult epithelial tissue function. Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions (EMIs) have been examined using mammalian models, ex vivo tissue recombination, and in vitro co-cultures. Although these approaches have elucidated signaling mechanisms underlying morphogenetic processes and adult mammalian epithelial tissue function, they are limited by the availability of human tissue, low throughput, and human developmental or physiological relevance. Objectives: Bioengineering strategies to promote EMIs using human epithelial and mesenchymal cells have enabled the development of human in vitro models of adult epidermal and glandular tissues. In this review, we describe recent bioengineered models of human epithelial tissue and organs that can instruct the design of organotypic models of human developmental processes.Methods: We reviewed current bioengineering literature and here describe how bioengineered EMIs have enabled the development of human in vitro epithelial tissue models.Discussion: Engineered models to promote EMIs have recapitulated the architecture, phenotype, and function of adult human epithelial tissue, and similar engineering principles could be used to develop models of developmental morphogenesis. We describe how bioengineering strategies including bioprinting and spheroid culture could be implemented to

  2. ''In vitro'' mutation breeding methodology for Fusarium wilt resistance in banana

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tulmann Neto, A.; Domingues, E.T.; Mendes, B.M.J.; Ando, A.

    1990-01-01

    Full text: Besides ''in vivo'' methods, the Radiation Genetics Section of CENA/USP is also using ''in vitro'' methods for mutation breeding to obtain resistance to Panama disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense in the banana cultivar ''Maca''. A protocol has been established for the ''in vitro'' development of shoot tips, obtained from plants in the field or already cultivated under i n vitro'' conditions. For both cases, only one culture medium was used during all steps of ''in vitro'' cultivation. New buds were formed and these buds grew and developed to form roots. The medium was composed of macro and micro nutrients, with added Morel vitamines, BAP (5 mg/l), saccharose (30 g/l) and agar (6.5 g/l), at pH 5.7. Cultures were allowed to grow in a controlled environment at 27 deg. C and 16 h illumination. Shoot tips which originated from ''in vitro'' plantlets, were cut longitudinally down the middle. This was done to avoid a tendency of regeneration of the original tissue instead of the formation of new lateral buds. To resolve the chimerism resulting when mutagenic treatment is applied to shoot tips, there is a need of vegetative propagation of new lateral buds. Selection can then be done at M 1 V 4 generation. Once the protocol was established, the gamma ray sensitivity was determined. The dose that produced a 50% decrease in the number of new lateral buds was around 40 Gy and this dose will be utilised. The methodology was completed by soil inoculation with Fusarium of young plants 15 cm in height, obtained from ''in vitro'' cultures. After 3 weeks all inoculated plants showed symptoms of wilt, demonstrating the possibility of screening. The method is now being utilised on a large scale in an attempt to induce a resistant mutant. (author)

  3. Comparison between in situ dry matter degradation and in vitro gas ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Dry matter (DM) degradation of Glycrrhiza glabra L, Arbutus andrachne, Juniperus communis, and Pistica lentiscus was determined using two different techniques: (i) the in vitro gas production and (ii) the in situ nylon bag degradability technique. Samples were incubated in situ and in vitro for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h.

  4. Anatomia comparada de folhas de pimenta longa (Piper hispidinervum C. DC.) e pimenta de macaco (Piper aduncum L.) cultivadas in vitro, ex vitro e in vivo

    OpenAIRE

    Maciel, Simone Alencar; Teixeira, Renata Beltrão; Raposo, Andrea; Fermino Junior, Paulo Cesar Poeta

    2014-01-01

    http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2014v27n4p11Piper hispidinervum and Piper aduncum contain the secondary metabolites safrole and dilapiol, and there is commercial interest in their essential oils. The study aimed to compare anatomical aspects related to physiological responses of leaves from P. hispidinervum and P. aduncum propagated in vitro, in vivo and during acclimatization. Paradermal sections and cross-sections of leaves from in vitro, ex vitro and in vivo culture, were obtained for ...

  5. The role of the social worker in the in-vitro fertilization program.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Greenfeld, D; Mazure, C; Haseltine, F; DeCherney, A

    1984-01-01

    The role of the clinical social worker in the In-Vitro fertilization Program is to help provide patients with an environment that includes realistic expectation and emphasizes the emotional spectrum of euphoria, anxiety and dysphoria that can accompany the demanding protocol. The literature supports the need for counseling and supportive psychotherapy in the infertility clinic but has not dealt specifically with the psychological demands of In-Vitro fertilization. This paper addresses the emotional stress of in-vitro fertilization and emphasizes the role of social worker as counselor, educator and guide.

  6. Mecanismos bioquímicos envolvidos na digestão, absorção e metabolismo dosácidos graxos ômega - doi:10.5020/18061230.2004.p211

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Léa Silvia Sant´Ana

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Os lipídios são formados por diversos compostos químicos bastante diferentes entre si, sendo os ácidos graxos as substâncias presente em maior quantidade.A ingestão inadequada de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados têm sido relacionados com diversas doenças, tais como: doenças cardiovasculares; doenças autoimunes, alguns tipos de câncer e artrite reumatoíde. Para entender os efeitos dos lipídios no organismo animal é necessário conhecer a composição lipídica dos alimentos, bem como as etapas de absorção e digestão destes compostos. Os ácidos graxos, componentes lipídicos presentes em maior quantidade nos alimentos, estão esteriifcados como triacilglicerol e fosfolipídio. Estes compostos têm uma importância fisiológica para manutenção das estruturas, funções e integridade das membranas celulares, e isto faz com que o organismo animal tenha uma série de mecanismos para alterar o número de átomos de carbono e de duplas ligações de um ácido graxo, para que este seja adequado à necessidade da membrana celular. A razão entre o consumo de ácidos graxos w6 ew3 na dieta é um importante fator para determinar a ingestão adequada de lipídios, bem como prevenir o aparecimento de doenças. O objetivo desta revisão é descrever os mecanismos bioquímicos envolvidos na digestão, absorção e metabolismo dos lipídios, destacando a importância dos ácidos graxos ômega 3 na nutrição humana.

  7. La regulación de la biosíntesis de hemo en Kluyveromyces lactis: regulación transcripcional de los genes KIHEM1, KlHEM12 y análisis comparativo de los factores reguladores Hap1p y Srb10p en levaduras.

    OpenAIRE

    Núñez-Naveira, Laura

    2011-01-01

    [Resumen] Kluyveromyces lactis es una levadura de elevado interés biotecnológico que se diferencia de la levadura tradicional de estudio Saccharomyces cerevisiae en diversos aspectos de su metabolismo. Mientras que en condiciones de aerobiosis y con glucosa como fuente de carbono K. lactis posee un metabolismo fundamentalmente respirativo, S. cervisiae lo tiene fermentativo en el mismo contexto. Estas diferencias metabólicas podrían ser el reflejo de una diferente regulación transcrip...

  8. Advances in In Vitro and In Silico Tools for Toxicokinetic Dose ...

    Science.gov (United States)

    Recent advances in vitro assays, in silico tools, and systems biology approaches provide opportunities for refined mechanistic understanding for chemical safety assessment that will ultimately lead to reduced reliance on animal-based methods. With the U.S. commercial chemical landscape encompassing thousands of chemicals with limited data, safety assessment strategies that reliably predict in vivo systemic exposures and subsequent in vivo effects efficiently are a priority. Quantitative in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) is a methodology that facilitates the explicit and quantitative application of in vitro experimental data and in silico modeling to predict in vivo system behaviors and can be applied to predict chemical toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics and also population variability. Tiered strategies that incorporate sufficient information to reliably inform the relevant decision context will facilitate acceptance of these alternative data streams for safety assessments. This abstract does not necessarily reflect U.S. EPA policy. This talk will provide an update to an international audience on the state of science being conducted within the EPA’s Office of Research and Development to develop and refine approaches that estimate internal chemical concentrations following a given exposure, known as toxicokinetics. Toxicokinetic approaches hold great potential in their ability to link in vitro activities or toxicities identified during high-throughput screen

  9. Development of an in vitro laboratory manual for nuclear medicine technology students

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meyers, A.

    1989-01-01

    This study evaluated existing in vitro education materials in qualitative and quantitative parameters that currently exist to educate potential clinicians of nationally accredited nuclear medicine programs. A review of over 300 articles, texts, and manuals pertaining to in vitro nuclear medicine procedures clearly demonstrated that no in vitro laboratory manual for undergraduate students presently exited. Every nuclear medicine program director in the United States was surveyed. They were asked for their overall philosophy in terms of developing an in vitro manual and requested to evaluate the significant of 22 general principles/concepts and 34 specific laboratory testing procedures. From the response to the survey, an in vitro nuclear medicine manual was created and appended to the study. The manual consists of lecture and study material, chapter reviews, and laboratory assignments and exercises

  10. In vivo and in vitro dermal penetration of lipophilic and hydrophilic pesticides in mice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grissom, R.E. Jr.; Brownie, C.; Guthrie, F.E.

    1987-01-01

    Dermal absorption is a major portal of entry for a wide variety of potentially toxic substances. In vivo and in vitro investigations assessing penetration of topically applied xenobiotics using both human and other animals have been conducted. Current ethical considerations have drastically curtailed the testing of xenobiotics in human volunteers; consequently, dermal penetration in humans is usually estimated from in vivo tests in animals and in vitro tests using either human or animal skin. In order for in vitro penetration results to be meaningful, there needs to be close relationship with in vivo data. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between in vivo and in vitro penetration of both hydrophilic and lipophilic 14 C-labelled compounds in mice

  11. Desempenho horticultural de plantas propagadas in vitro de Sacha inchi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Hercílio Viegas Rodrigues

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar, em condições de campo, características horticulturais de mudas propagadas in vitro de Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L, quanto à época de florescimento e colheita, características morfológicas relacionadas à coloração e forma de folhas, caule e frutos, bem como a produtividade do material propagado in vitro. As mudas de cultura de tecidos foram propagadas por seis semanas em meio de cultivo com sais e vitaminas de MS, acrescido de 30g L-1 de sacarose e 1,0mg L-1 de BAP, a partir do ponteiro de plântula germinada in vitro. Foram selecionadas, ao acaso, quatro plantas propagadas in vitro, quatro plantas por via seminal e mais vinte e duas plantas, também por via seminal, compondo a bordadura, totalizando trinta plantas. As análises foram semanais até completar quatorze meses do plantio, que ocorreu antes da primeira poda. Os resultados obtidos indicam a não ocorrência de variabilidade genética nas plantas produzidas in vitro, bem como precocidade na produção e maior produtividade, quando comparado com o material convencional obtido via seminal.

  12. In vivo and In vitro Evaluations of Intestinal Gabapentin Absorption

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Larsen, Malte Selch; Frølund, Sidsel; Nøhr, Martha Kampp

    2015-01-01

    of gabapentin by both in vivo and in vitro investigations METHODS: Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined following a range of intravenous (5-100 mg/kg) and oral doses (10-200 mg/kg) in rats. Transepithelial transport (50 μM-50 mM) and apical uptake of gabapentin (0.01-50 mM) were investigated in Caco-2...... cells. The effect of co-application of the LAT-inhibitor, BCH, and the b(0,+)-substrate, L-lysine, on intestinal transport of gabapentin was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS: Gabapentin showed dose-dependent oral absorption kinetics and dose-independent disposition kinetics. Co-application of BCH...... inhibited intestinal absorption in vivo and apical uptake in vitro, whereas no effect was observed following co-application of L-lysine. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows for the first time that BCH was capable of inhibiting intestinal absorption of gabapentin in vivo. Furthermore, in Caco-2 cell...

  13. Problems in extrapolating genotoxicity data from cellular systems in vitro

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mohn, G.R.; van Zeeland, A.A.

    1986-01-01

    The experiments involved quantitative comparative mutagenesis determinations using ethylating agents differing in DNA reactivity, mammalian metabolism, and mutagenic potency. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) Under standardized in vitro treatment conditions and at identical DNA dose levels, the frequencies of induced mutations observed in the present bacterial systems are not representative and usually lower than those induced in cultured mammalian cells. (2) Under the same in vitro treatment conditions, the relative mutagenic potency order is identical in bacteria and the mammalian cells, namely, N-ethyl-N'-nitrosoquinioline(ENNG) > ethylnitrosourea (ENU) > diethylsulfate (DES) > ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS); diethylnitrosamine (DEN) being not mutagenic in the two organisms without addition of mammalian (rodent) liver preparations containing Cyt-P450-dependent mixed function oxidases. (3) The extremely high mutagenic activity of ENNG in bacteria and mammalian cells in vitro is very probably due to its intracellular, glutathione-mediated activation to highly reactive chemical species. (4) Both in bacteria and the mammalian cells the frequencies of induced mutations are directly proportional to the levels of O6-ethylguanine formed in DNA after exposure to ENNG, ENU, DES, and EMS, in contrast to results obtained when other DNA adducts are used as dose parameters. (5) The addition of mouse liver S-9 preparations in the in vitro assays allows to determine which chemicals are likely to be substantially activated (DEN) or deactivated (ENNG) in vivo; however, the mutagenic potency order remained the same under these conditions. (6) When the indicator bacteria are exposed directly to the in vivo metabolism of living animals, the relative order of mutagenic potency on the basis of exposure levels becomes drastically different from that observed in vitro, using either E. coli or V79 mammalian cells.

  14. A study on in vitro propagation of Castanopsis argentea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MUHAMMAD IMAM SURYA

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Abstract. Surya MI, Kurnita NI, Setyaningsih L, Ismaini L, Muttaqin Z. 2016. A study on in vitro propagation of Castanopsis argentea. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 2: 10-15. Saninten (Castanopsis argentea is a keystone species that has highly potential as a food material. Mostly, the fruits of C. argentea are eaten by animals. It made us difficults to get the natural regeneration. In vitro propagation is an effort to produce considerable amounts of C. argentea. However, the information about in vitro propagation of C. argentea is still very limited. This study was aimed to determine the initiation methods to propagate C. argentea by in vitro propagation. Two methods of sterilization were used to sterilize the explant of seed and buds. Moreover, the explant was planted on modified MS and WPM. The results show that percentage of survival, number of buds and time of germination were found on seed explants sterilized by first method. The number of callus were found on bud explants sterilized by second method. Furthermore, planting media were not affected to the germination of seed explants, but affected to growth of bud explants.

  15. A simple and efficient in vitro method for metabolism studies of radiotracers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Sang-Yoon; Choe, Yearn Seong; Kim, Dong Hyun; Park, Bok-Nam; Kim, Sang Eun; Choi, Yong; Lee, Kyung-Han; Lee, Jeewoo; Kim, Byung-Tae

    2001-01-01

    In vitro metabolism of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors containing 3-[ 18 F]fluoromethylbenzyl- ([ 18 F]1) and 4-[ 18 F]fluorobenzyl-piperidine moieties ([ 18 F]2) was studied and compared with the in vivo metabolism. Defluorination of the [ 18 F]1 mainly occurred to generate [ 18 F]fluoride ion both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, the [ 18 F]2 was converted into an unknown polar metabolite in both metabolism methods and another metabolite, 4-[ 18 F]fluorobenzoic acid in vitro. These results demonstrated that the in vitro method can be used to predict the in vivo metabolism of both radiotracers

  16. In vitro propagation of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) through direct organogenesis: a review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seran, Thayamini H

    2013-12-15

    Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a perennial herb. It belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and commercially cultivated in most tropical regions of the world. The underground rhizomes are the planting materials in a conventional propagation of ginger however it has a low multiplication rate. It is known that there are possible methods are available for rapid vegetative propagation of ginger through direct organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis under in vitro conditions but it is necessary to find the best protocol for in vitro multiplication of ginger. Limited studies on the tissue culture technology of ginger are available in Sri Lanka. However, significant efforts have been made in the procedure for in vitro micropropagation in the other ginger growing countries. The available literature with respect to in vitro plant regeneration has been perused and this review mainly focused on the in vitro propagation via direct organogenesis from rhizome buds or shoot tips of ginger often used as explants. This review article may be an appropriate and effective guidance for establishing in vitro cultures and subsequent production of in vitro plantlets in clonal propagation of ginger.

  17. Contractility of the guinea pig bladder measured in situ and in vitro

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    J.M. Groen (Jan); R. van Mastrigt (Ron); J.L.H.R. Bosch (Ruud)

    1994-01-01

    textabstractTo study the relative importance of neurogenic factors in detrusor contractility and to relate a total bladder in vitro contractility model to a previously described bladder wall strip model, active intravesical pressure values were compared in situ and in vitro in eight male guinea

  18. Cell-based in vitro models in environmental toxicology: a review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Poteser Michael

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available An analysis of biological effects induced by environmental toxins and exposure-related evaluation of potential risks for health and environment represent central tasks in classical biomonitoring. While epidemiological data and population surveys are clearly the methodological frontline of this scientific field, cellbased in vitro assays provide information on toxin-affected cellular pathways and mechanisms, and are important sources for the identification of relevant biomarkers. This review provides an overview on currently available in vitro methods based on cultured cells, as well as some limitations and considerations that are of specific interest in the context of environmental toxicology. Today, a large number of different endpoints can be determined to pinpoint basal and specific toxicological cellular effects. Technological progress and increasingly refined protocols are extending the possibilities of cell-based in vitro assays in environmental toxicology and promoting their increasingly important role in biomonitoring.

  19. [Effect of rat intestinal flora on in vitro metabolic transformation of pumiloside].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fang, Hui; Li, Meng-Xuan; Li, Hai-Bo; Liu, Wen-Jun; Meng, Zhao-Qing; Huang, Wen-Zhe; Wang, Zhen-Zhong; Xiao, Wei

    2016-05-01

    To study the metabolic transformation of pumiloside by rat intestinal flora in vitro and identify its metabolites. Pumiloside was incubated in the rat intestinal flora in vitro. HPLC was used to monitor the metabolic process, and HPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to identify the structures of biotransformation products. In vitro, pumiloside was easily metabolized by rat intestinal flora, and with the prolongation of metabolic time, pumiloside was transformed into several metabolites. Three metabolites were initially identified in this experiment. The study indicated that pumiloside could be extensively metabolized in the rat intestinal flora in vitro. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

  20. Rates of in vivo (arterial) and in vitro biocorrosion for pure magnesium.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bowen, Patrick K; Drelich, Adam; Drelich, Jaroslaw; Goldman, Jeremy

    2015-01-01

    The development of magnesium-based materials for bioabsorbable stents relies heavily on corrosion testing by immersion in pseudophysiological solutions, where magnesium degrades faster than it does in vivo. The quantitative difference in corrosion kinetics in vitro and in vivo is largely unknown, but, if determined, would help reduce dependence on animal models. In order to create a quantitative in vitro-in vivo correlation based on an accepted measure of corrosion (penetration rate), commercially pure magnesium wires were corroded in vivo in the abdominal aortas of rats for 5-32 days, and in vitro for up to 14 days using Dulbecco's modified eagle medium. Cross-sectioning, scanning electron microscopy, image analysis, a modified penetration rate tailored to degraded wires, and empirical modeling were used to analyze the corroded specimens. In vitro penetration rates were consistently higher than comparable in vivo rates by a factor of 1.2-1.9× (±0.2×). For a sample <20% corroded, an approximate in vitro-in vivo multiplier of 1.3 ± 0.2× was applied, whereas a multiplier of 1.8 ± 0.2× became appropriate when the magnesium specimen was 25-35% degraded. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  1. the chentical composition and in vitro digestibility of forage samples ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    oesophageal fistulated sheep, are presented in Table l. Table I. The average chemicol composition and in vitro digestibility offorage samples selectecl by oesophageal fistuhted sheep duing dffirent months of the yeor on noturol pasture. Month. Acid de- Lignin. Nitrogen tergent fibre. Cellulose In vitro digest- ibility of organ-.

  2. In vitro prediction of methane production by lactating dairy cows

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Macome, F. M.

    2017-01-01

    The aim of this thesis was to determine the relationship (if any) between in vivo CH4 production obtained using climate controlled respiration chambers and in vitro CH4 production using the gas production technique. The in vitro techniques are routinely used to evaluate the nutritional quality of

  3. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of inulin.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shang, Hong-Mei; Zhou, Hai-Zhu; Yang, Jun-Yan; Li, Ran; Song, Hui; Wu, Hong-Xin

    2018-01-01

    This study was designed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of inulin. The in vitro assays demonstrated that the antioxidant activities of inulin, including the DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS scavenging activity and ferric reducing power, were weak and significantly lower than those of Vitamin C (P inulin on the antioxidant status of laying hens was evaluated with in vivo antioxidant assays. The results indicated that inulin supplementation quadratically improved the egg production rate of the laying hens (P inulin levels increased (P inulin levels increased (P inulin has the potential to improve the antioxidant status of laying hens.

  4. Tween 20 increases intestinal transport of doxorubicin in vitro but not in vivo

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Al-Sharaf, Amal; Holm, Rene; Nielsen, Carsten Uhd

    2016-01-01

    co-administered with P-gp inhibitors (non-ionic surfactants) in vitro and in vivo . The aim of the present study was thus to investigate if different non-ionic surfactants would have a similar effect on the in vitro and in vivo absorption of doxorubicin. This was investigated in vitro in Caco-2 cells...... and by oral co-administration of doxorubicin together with tween 20 to male Sprague Dawley rats. 200 μM (0.025%) tween 20 increased the intestinal absorptive permeability of doxorubicin in vitro by 48 ± 4% from 8.8 × 10(-6)cm/s to 13.0 × 10(-6)cm/s. Further, the efflux ratio was reduced from 2.2 ± 0.06 to 1.2...

  5. Effects of Taraxacum mongolicum on in vitro response of milk ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The anti-inflammatory effects of Taraxacum mongolicum (TM) were investigated in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, isolated milk somatic cells were pretreated with various concentrations (31 to 500, μg/ml) of TM extract (TME) and subsequently incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/ml).

  6. KNOX1 is expressed and epigenetically regulated during in vitro conditions in Agave spp

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    De-la-Peña Clelia

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The micropropagation is a powerful tool to scale up plants of economical and agronomical importance, enhancing crop productivity. However, a small but growing body of evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, can be affected under the in vitro conditions characteristic of micropropagation. Here, we tested whether the adaptation to different in vitro systems (Magenta boxes and Bioreactors modified epigenetically different clones of Agave fourcroydes and A. angustifolia. Furthermore, we assessed whether these epigenetic changes affect the regulatory expression of KNOTTED1-like HOMEOBOX (KNOX transcription factors. Results To gain a better understanding of epigenetic changes during in vitro and ex vitro conditions in Agave fourcroydes and A. angustifolia, we analyzed global DNA methylation, as well as different histone modification marks, in two different systems: semisolid in Magenta boxes (M and temporary immersion in modular Bioreactors (B. No significant difference was found in DNA methylation in A. fourcroydes grown in either M or B. However, when A. fourcroydes was compared with A. angustifolia, there was a two-fold difference in DNA methylation between the species, independent of the in vitro system used. Furthermore, we detected an absence or a low amount of the repressive mark H3K9me2 in ex vitro conditions in plants that were cultured earlier either in M or B. Moreover, the expression of AtqKNOX1 and AtqKNOX2, on A. fourcroydes and A. angustifolia clones, is affected during in vitro conditions. Therefore, we used Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation (ChIP to know whether these genes were epigenetically regulated. In the case of AtqKNOX1, the H3K4me3 and H3K9me2 were affected during in vitro conditions in comparison with AtqKNOX2. Conclusions Agave clones plants with higher DNA methylation during in vitro conditions were better adapted to ex vitro conditions. In addition

  7. Pulsed excimer laser radiation influences in vitro culture of Algerian ivy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Al Juboory, K. H.; Williams, D. J.; Nayfeh, M. H.

    1991-07-01

    Use of gamma rays and X rays with in vitro cultures has been used to isolate unique plant types (Chevreau et al., 1989). Exposure of in vitro cultures to gamma and X-ray radiation has resulted in the mutagenesis of grape (Kim et al., 1989) and reduced regeneration of maize lants (Moustafa et al., 1989). Our study was initiated to find an alternative method for the elimination of biological contaminants from in vitro cultures of Algerian ivy (Hedera canariensis L.)

  8. In vitro propagation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.)

    Science.gov (United States)

    G. Vengadesan; Paula M. Pijut

    2009-01-01

    In vitro propagation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) shoots was successful from cotyledonary node explants excised from 8-wk-old in vitro grown seedlings. Initially, four shoots per explant were obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.4 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 0.45 ...

  9. In vitro Antifungal, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of a Partially ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Purpose: To determine the in vitro antifungal and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract and protein fraction of Atlantia monophylla Linn (Rutaceae) leaf. Methods: Ammonium sulphate (0 – 80 %) precipitation method was used to extract protein from the leaves of A. monophylla Linn (Rutaceae). In vitro antifungal ...

  10. Effect of embryo density on in vitro development and gene expression in bovine in vitro-fertilized embryos cultured in a microwell system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sugimura, Satoshi; Akai, Tomonori; Hashiyada, Yutaka; Aikawa, Yoshio; Ohtake, Masaki; Matsuda, Hideo; Kobayashi, Shuji; Kobayashi, Eiji; Konishi, Kazuyuki; Imai, Kei

    2013-01-01

    To identify embryos individually during in vitro development, we previously developed the well-of-the-well (WOW) dish, which contains 25 microwells. Here we investigated the effect of embryo density (the number of embryos per volume of medium) on in vitro development and gene expression of bovine in vitro-fertilized embryos cultured in WOW dishes. Using both conventional droplet and WOW culture formats, 5, 15, and 25 bovine embryos were cultured in 125 μl medium for 168 h. The blastocysts at Day 7 were analyzed for number of cells and expression of ten genes (CDX2, IFN-tau, PLAC8, NANOG, OCT4, SOX2, AKR1B1, ATP5A1, GLUT1 and IGF2R). In droplet culture, the rates of formation of >4-cell cleavage embryos and blastocysts were significantly lower in embryos cultured at 5 embryos per droplet than in those cultured at 15 or 25 embryos per droplet, but not in WOW culture. In both droplet and WOW culture, developmental kinetics and blastocyst cell numbers did not differ among any groups. IFN-tau expression in embryos cultured at 25 embryos per droplet was significantly higher than in those cultured at 15 embryos per droplet and in artificial insemination (AI)-derived blastocysts. Moreover, IGF2R expression was significantly lower in the 25-embryo group than in the 5-embryo group and in AI-derived blastocysts. In WOW culture, these expressions were not affected by embryo density and were similar to those in AI-derived blastocysts. These results suggest that, as compared with conventional droplet culture, in vitro development and expression of IFN-tau and IGF2R in the microwell system may be insensitive to embryo density.

  11. Carboxylated nanodiamonds can be used as negative reference in in vitro nanogenotoxicity studies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moche, H; Paget, V; Chevalier, D; Lorge, E; Claude, N; Girard, H A; Arnault, J C; Chevillard, S; Nesslany, F

    2017-08-01

    Nanodiamonds (NDs) are promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications. However, a few studies highlighted an in vitro genotoxic activity for detonation NDs, which was not evidenced in one of our previous work quantifying γ-H2Ax after 20 and 100 nm high-pressure high-temperature ND exposures of several cell lines. To confirm these results, in the present work, we investigated the genotoxicity of the same 20 and 100 nm NDs and added intermediate-sized NDs of 50 nm. Conventional in vitro genotoxicity tests were used, i.e., the in vitro micronucleus and comet assays that are recommended by the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety for the toxicological evaluation of nanomedicines. In vitro micronucleus and in vitro comet assays (standard and hOGG1-modified) were therefore performed in two human cell lines, the bronchial epithelial 16HBE14o- cells and the colon carcinoma T84 cells. Our results did not show any genotoxic activity, whatever the test, the cell line or the size of carboxylated NDs. Even though these in vitro results should be confirmed in vivo, they reinforce the potential interest of carboxylated NDs for biomedical applications or even as a negative reference nanoparticle in nanotoxicology. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  12. In vivo and in vitro studies of cartilage differentiation in altered gravities

    Science.gov (United States)

    Montufar-Solis, D.; Duke, P. J.; D'Aunno, D.

    The in vivo model our laboratory uses for studies of cartilage differentiation in space is the rat growth plate. Differences between missions, and in rat age and recovery times, provided differing results from each mission. However, in all missions, proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate of spaceflown rats was altered as was matrix organization. In vitro systems, necessary complements to in vivo work, provide some advantages over the in vivo situation. In vitro, centrifugation of embryonic limb buds suppressed morphogenesis due to precocious differentiation, and changes in the developmental pattern suggest the involvement of Hox genes. In space, embryonic mouse limb mesenchyme cells differentiating in vitro on IML-1 had smoother membranes and lacked matrix seen in controls. Unusual formations, possibly highly ruffled membranes, were found in flight cultures. These results, coupled with in vivo centrifugation studies, show that in vivo or in vitro, the response of chondrocytes to gravitational changes follows Hert's curve as modified by Simon, i.e. decreased loading decreases differentiation, and increased loading speeds it up, but only to a point. After that, additional increases again slow down chondrogenesis.

  13. Modeling the in vivo case with in vitro nanotoxicity data.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shelley, Michael L; Wagner, Andrew J; Hussain, Saber M; Bleckmann, Charles

    2008-01-01

    As more in vitro nanotoxicity data appear in the literature, these findings must be translated to in vivo effects to define nanoparticle exposure risk. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has played a significant role in guiding and validating in vivo studies for molecular chemical exposure and can develop as a significant tool in guiding similar nanotoxicity studies. This study models the population dynamics of a single cell type within a specific tissue. It is the first attempt to model the in vitro effects of a nanoparticle exposure, in this case aluminum (80 nm) and its impact on a population of rat alveolar macrophages (Wagner et al. 2007, J. Phys. Chem. B 111:7353-7359). The model demonstrates how in vitro data can be used within a simulation setting of in vivo cell dynamics and suggests that PBPK models should be developed quickly to interpret nanotoxicity data, guide in vivo study design, and accelerate nanoparticle risk assessment.

  14. INTERFERENCIA ENTRE BACTERIAS COMENSALES DE FARINGE Y PATÓGENAS DE OÍDO MEDIO EN UN MODELO ANIMAL DE OTITIS MEDIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LM Villafañe

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar in vivo la interacción entre bacterias comensales aisladas de faringe de niños sanos y S. pneumoniae, en un modelo animal (Chinchilla laniger de otitis media. Metodos: estudio experimental Intervenciones: Suspensiones de los serotipos 18A y 9V de Spn fueron inyectados intra-peritonealmente en dos chinchillas y luego recuperados mediante cultivo de órganos y sangre de las mismas. Empleando suspensiones de las cepas animalizadas se inocularon intranasalmente cuatro chinchillas, y solo a dos de ellas se le inoculo una mezcla de las bacterias comensales (Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus parasanguinis. Con un otoscopio se examinó la evolución de la infección a los 7 y 14 días. Se sacrificaron los animales y se tomaron muestras de los oídos para un examen histológico. Resultados: Mediante otoscopia, se observó al día 14 que todos presentaron una membrana timpánica hiperémica sin efusión, presentándose con mayor intensidad en aquellos que recibieron el tratamiento. La histología confirmó que la administración del tratamiento no evitó que la infección evolucionara, advirtiéndose que las infectadas con el serotipo 8A y tratadas fueron las que presentaron el tejido epitelial menos comprometido respecto al resto. Conclusiones: Spn y las bacterias comensales podrían establecer una relación competitiva, y el efecto moderador en la progresión de la infección de otitis media dependería del serotipo involucrado.

  15. Interferencia entre bacterias comensales de faringe y patogénesis de oído medio en un modelo animas de otitis media

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LM Villafane

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar in vivo la interacción entre bacterias comensales aisladas  de faringe de niños sanos y S. pneumoniae, en un modelo animal (Chinchilla laniger de otitis media. Metodos: estudio experimental Intervenciones: Suspensiones de los serotipos 18A y 9V de Spn fueron inyectados intra-peritonealmente en dos chinchillas y luego recuperados mediante cultivo de órganos y sangre de las mismas. Empleando suspensiones de las cepas animalizadas se inocularon intranasalmente cuatro chinchillas, y solo a dos de ellas se le inoculo una mezcla de las bacterias comensales (Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus parasanguinis. Con un otoscopio se examinó la evolución de la infección a los 7 y 14 días. Se sacrificaron los animales y se tomaron muestras de los oídos para un examen histológico. Resultados: Mediante otoscopia, se observó al día 14 que todos presentaron una membrana timpánica hiperémica sin efusión, presentándose con mayor intensidad en aquellos que recibieron el tratamiento. La histología confirmó que la administración del tratamiento no evitó que la infección evolucionara, advirtiéndose que las infectadas con el serotipo 8A y tratadas fueron las que presentaron el tejido epitelial menos comprometido respecto al resto. Conclusiones: Spn y las bacterias comensales podrían establecer una relación competitiva, y el efecto moderador en la progresión de la infección de otitis media dependería del serotipo involucrado.

  16. Gene delivery to pancreatic exocrine cells in vivo and in vitro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Houbracken Isabelle

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Effective gene transfer to the pancreas or to pancreatic cells has remained elusive although it is essential for studies of genetic lineage tracing and modulation of gene expression. Different transduction methods and viral vectors were tested in vitro and in vivo, in rat and mouse pancreas. Results For in vitro transfection/transduction of rat exocrine cells lipofection reagents, adenoviral vectors, and Mokola- and VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral vectors were used. For in vivo transduction of mouse and rat pancreas adenoviral vectors and VSV-G lentiviral vectors were injected into the parenchymal tissue. Both lipofection of rat exocrine cell cultures and transduction with Mokola pseudotyped lentiviral vectors were inefficient and resulted in less than 4% EGFP expressing cells. Adenoviral transduction was highly efficient but its usefulness for gene delivery to rat exocrine cells in vitro was hampered by a drastic increase in cell death. In vitro transduction of rat exocrine cells was most optimal with VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral vectors, with stable transgene expression, no significant effect on cell survival and about 40% transduced cells. In vivo, pancreatic cells could not be transduced by intra-parenchymal administration of lentiviral vectors in mouse and rat pancreas. However, a high efficiency could be obtained by adenoviral vectors, resulting in transient transduction of mainly exocrine acinar cells. Injection in immune-deficient animals diminished leukocyte infiltration and prolonged transgene expression. Conclusions In summary, our study remarkably demonstrates that transduction of pancreatic exocrine cells requires lentiviral vectors in vitro but adenoviral vectors in vivo.

  17. Implicações do alcoolismo e da doença hepática crônica sobre o metabolismo de micronutrientes The impact of alcohol and chronic liver disease of micronutrients metabolism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Regiane MAIO

    2000-04-01

    Full Text Available A doença hepática, alcoolismo e desnutrição são condições comumente associadas que interferem no metabolismo de micronutrientes. Como resultado da doença hepática pode ocorrer menor estocagem e conversão de vitaminas nas suas formas ativas, e má digestão e/ou má absorção. Há ainda o agravante do álcool diminuindo a ingestão e absorção de micronutrientes em virtude da redução da ingestão dietética e de sua associação com doença do intestino delgado ou pancreática. Outras causas de deficiências seriam: tratamento com drogas, peroxidação lipídica, déficit protéico, maior excreção urinária e aumento da necessidade e degradação de nutrientes. Como conseqüências dessas deficiências, esses pacientes apresentam usualmente anemia, esteatose hepática, estresse oxidativo e imunossupressão.Liver disease, alcohol and malnutrition are combinations usually associated with micronutrient impairment. Chronic liver disease courses with lower storage and activation of vitamin-coenzymes related to their malabsorption. Alcohol worsens the picture by reducing food intake, increasing micronutrients utilization and decreasing their absorption secondary to either intestinal or pancreatic injuries. Other concurrent causes would be drug treatments, urinary losses, protein deficiency and oxidative stress. As consequences the clinical signs are anemia, liver steatosis, oxidative stress and immunosuppression.

  18. Effect of Formic Acid on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Emission

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kanber Kara

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of formic acid on the in vitro methane production and in vitro ruminal fermentation of alfalfa hay. Effect of 0.0 (control group: YF0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 ml/L (experimental groups: YF1, YF2, YF3, YF4, and YF5 respectively formic acid (Amasil85-liquid addition to rumen fluid on ruminal fermentation parameters of alfalfa hay were determined by using in vitro gas production techniques. Methane production of in vitro incubation increased (to about 20% with addition of linearly increased formic acid. Linearly increased levels of formic acid addition to rumen fluid has significantly changed the production of in vitro total gas production, metabolic energy (ME and organic matter digestibility (OMD at linear, quadratic and cubic. The addition of 0.1 ml/L and 0.2 ml/L formic acid to rumen fluid significantly decreased in vitro total gas production, ME and OMD however addition of 0.3 ml/L and 0.4 ml/L formic acid was not changed in vitro gas production, ME and OMD levels and 0.5 ml/L formic acid was significantly increased all these parameters. Ruminal pH was not changed by addition of formic acid. Formic acid is a safe feed additive because of its properties antibacterial and flavorings and also is used as a fermentation promoter in silage. In this study it has been observed that all doses of formic acid increased in vitro enteric methane production and low doses decreased in vitro total gas production, ME and OMD and high doses have increased all these parameters. High doses have a positive effect on ME and OMD; however formic acid should be used at limited levels in diets due to the negative effect of increasing greenhouse gases. The effect of formic acid addition to the feed raw matter and rations of all livestock would be beneficial to investigate in terms of digestive system parameters and global warming, further in vitro and in vivo studies.

  19. Validation of in vitro probabilistic tractography

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dyrby, Tim B.; Sogaard, L.V.; Parker, G.J.

    2007-01-01

    assessed the anatomical validity and reproducibility of in vitro multi-fiber probabilistic tractography against two invasive tracers: the histochemically detectable biotinylated dextran amine and manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Post mortern DWI was used to ensure that most of the sources...

  20. Accounting for data variability, a key factor in in vivo/in vitro relationships: application to the skin sensitization potency (in vivo LLNA versus in vitro DPRA) example.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dimitrov, S; Detroyer, A; Piroird, C; Gomes, C; Eilstein, J; Pauloin, T; Kuseva, C; Ivanova, H; Popova, I; Karakolev, Y; Ringeissen, S; Mekenyan, O

    2016-12-01

    When searching for alternative methods to animal testing, confidently rescaling an in vitro result to the corresponding in vivo classification is still a challenging problem. Although one of the most important factors affecting good correlation is sample characteristics, they are very rarely integrated into correlation studies. Usually, in these studies, it is implicitly assumed that both compared values are error-free numbers, which they are not. In this work, we propose a general methodology to analyze and integrate data variability and thus confidence estimation when rescaling from one test to another. The methodology is demonstrated through the case study of rescaling the in vitro Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) reactivity to the in vivo Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) skin sensitization potency classifications. In a first step, a comprehensive statistical analysis evaluating the reliability and variability of LLNA and DPRA as such was done. These results allowed us to link the concept of gray zones and confidence probability, which in turn represents a new perspective for a more precise knowledge of the classification of chemicals within their in vivo OR in vitro test. Next, the novelty and practical value of our methodology introducing variability into the threshold optimization between the in vitro AND in vivo test resides in the fact that it attributes a confidence probability to the predicted classification. The methodology, classification and screening approach presented in this study are not restricted to skin sensitization only. They could be helpful also for fate, toxicity and health hazard assessment where plenty of in vitro and in chemico assays and/or QSARs models are available. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  1. A simple and efficient in vitro method for metabolism studies of radiotracers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lee, Sang-Yoon; Choe, Yearn Seong E-mail: yschoe@samsung.co.krjeewoo@snu.ac.kr; Kim, Dong Hyun; Park, Bok-Nam; Kim, Sang Eun; Choi, Yong; Lee, Kyung-Han; Lee, Jeewoo E-mail: yschoe@samsung.co.krjeewoo@snu.ac.kr; Kim, Byung-Tae

    2001-05-01

    In vitro metabolism of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors containing 3-[{sup 18}F]fluoromethylbenzyl- ([{sup 18}F]1) and 4-[{sup 18}F]fluorobenzyl-piperidine moieties ([{sup 18}F]2) was studied and compared with the in vivo metabolism. Defluorination of the [{sup 18}F]1 mainly occurred to generate [{sup 18}F]fluoride ion both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, the [{sup 18}F]2 was converted into an unknown polar metabolite in both metabolism methods and another metabolite, 4-[{sup 18}F]fluorobenzoic acid in vitro. These results demonstrated that the in vitro method can be used to predict the in vivo metabolism of both radiotracers.

  2. Germination in vitro embryo of Walnut (Juglans boliviana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pérez-Guzmán Jheanete

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Bolivian Juglans is an important forest species found in the rain forests of Bolivia. The seed of this species is recalcitrant with hardened cover, which hinders germination and propagation of the species. The aim of this study was to determine the culture medium for in vitro germination of mature embryos of Bolivian Juglans. Technique initially scarification and disinfection process was determined. Subsequently in vitro culture was performed using the culture medium Woody Plant Medium (WPM with the addition of plant growth regulators (indole butyric acid and 6-benzyl aminopurine in different concentrations. As control WPM, culture medium was used 100%. Response variables evaluated were percentage of contamination and germination; vitroplant length, number of leaves, number of shoots, number of roots per vitroplant, root length and percentage of survival. The plantlets in vitro germination in treatments and the control in the middle l culture WPM supplemented with 0.15 mg / l of IBA and 1.5 mg / l BAP was 90%; other treatments inhibit the growth of the stem and roots of plantlets.

  3. Proteome analysis of in vitro and in vivo root tissue of Withania ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    We applied this technique to investigate the protein changes under in vitro and in vivo conditions, since in vitro cultures is considered to be an alternative approach to traditional agriculture in the industrial production of the biomolecules. To better understand the proteins and enzymes involved in withanolide biosynthetic ...

  4. Cylindromatosis mediates neuronal cell death in vitro and in vivo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ganjam, Goutham K; Terpolilli, Nicole Angela; Diemert, Sebastian; Eisenbach, Ina; Hoffmann, Lena; Reuther, Christina; Herden, Christiane; Roth, Joachim; Plesnila, Nikolaus; Culmsee, Carsten

    2018-01-19

    The tumor-suppressor cylindromatosis (CYLD) is a deubiquitinating enzyme and key regulator of cell proliferation and inflammation. A genome-wide siRNA screen linked CYLD to receptor interacting protein-1 (RIP1) kinase-mediated necroptosis; however, the exact mechanisms of CYLD-mediated cell death remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the precise role of CYLD in models of neuronal cell death in vitro and evaluated whether CYLD deletion affects brain injury in vivo. In vitro, downregulation of CYLD increased RIP1 ubiquitination, prevented RIP1/RIP3 complex formation, and protected neuronal cells from oxidative death. Similar protective effects were achieved by siRNA silencing of RIP1 or RIP3 or by pharmacological inhibition of RIP1 with necrostatin-1. In vivo, CYLD knockout mice were protected from trauma-induced brain damage compared to wild-type littermate controls. These findings unravel the mechanisms of CYLD-mediated cell death signaling in damaged neurons in vitro and suggest a cell death-mediating role of CYLD in vivo.

  5. In vitro plant regeneration of Spartina argentinensis Parodi

    OpenAIRE

    Mirian Susana Bueno; Juan Ignacio Sorrequieta; Susana Raquel Feldman; Juan Pablo A. Ortiz

    2012-01-01

    Título en ingles: Regeneración in vitro de Spartina argentinensis Parodi Resumen: Spartina argentinensis Parodi es la especie dominante en  comunidades halófitas que ocupan alrededor de 20.000 km2 en la Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar un método simple para la regeneración de plantas in vitro de S. argentinensis que podría ser utilizado para la investigación básica y aplicada. Se utilizaron como explantes, segmentos basales de hojas de plantas jóve...

  6. Effect of levamisole, Vitamin E, and selenium against aflatoxicosis in broilers chicken

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amjed H. Ulaiwi

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Aim: The experiment was conducted to determine of levamisole (0.2 ml/kg-BW, Vitamin E (80 mg+selenium (1.6 mg, and aflatoxin (B1 (positive control compared with group without aflatoxin (negative control on some liver enzymes (aspartate transaminase [AST] and alanine transaminase [ALT], as well as to study the histopathological changes. Materials and Methods: The experiment included (200 1-day-old broilers Ross 308 (Turkey source mixed sexes. They were divided into four equal groups (50 chicks each group. The experimental period was extended to 35 days. Results: The results revealed that the levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST of all groups at 35 days were significantly (p<0.05 higher than the negative control. Furthermore, the result of histopathological changes in thymus and Harderian gland in different ages of group Vitamin E+selenium showed a reduction in the depletion of the cortex as well as lessening of congestion and hemorrhage and necrosis also decreasing in inflammatory cells in the thymus and Harderian gland. Conclusion: The study confirmed the protective effect of Vitamin E and levamisole by reducing harmful impacts of aflatoxin through their antioxidant effect as they improved the liver enzymes and histopathological changes due to the toxin.

  7. Rapid in vitro propagation, conservation and analysis of genetic stability of Viola pilosa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Soni, Madhvi; Kaur, Rajinder

    2014-01-01

    A protocol for in vitro propagation was developed for Viola pilosa, a plant of immense medicinal value. To start with in vitro propagation, the sterilized explants (buds) were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of growth regulators. One of the medium compositions MS basal + 0.5 mg/l BA + 0.5 mg/l TDZ + 0.5 mg/l GA3 gave best results for in vitro shoot bud establishment. Although the problem of shoot vitrification occurred on this medium but this was overcome by transferring the vitrified shoots on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BA and 0.25 mg/l Kn. The same medium was found to be the best medium for further in vitro shoot multiplication. 100 % root induction from in vitro grown shoots was obtained on half strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l IBA. In vitro formed plantlets were hardened and transferred to soil with 83 % survival. Additionally, conservation of in vitro multiplying shoots was also attempted using two different approaches namely slowing down the growth at low temperature and cryopreservation following vitrification. At low temperature retrieval rate was better at 10 °C than at 4 °C after conservation of in vitro multiplying shoots. In cryopreservation-vitrification studies, the vitrified shoot buds gave maximum retrieval of 41.66 % when they were precooled at 4 °C, while only 16.66 % vitrified shoots were retrieved from those precooled at 10 °C. Genetic stability of the in vitro grown plants was analysed by RAPD and ISSR markers which indicated no somaclonal variation among in vitro grown plants demonstrating the feasibility of using the protocol without any adverse genetical effects.

  8. Antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities in vitro of polysaccharides from pomegrante peels

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ke, C.L.; Wang, D.; Yao, X.; Xu, H.

    2015-01-01

    In the present study, the crude polysaccharides from pomegranate peels(CPP) were prepared by water-extraction technology. In vitro antioxidant assay, CPP showed strong inhibition of lipid peroxidation and reducing ability, moderate 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryldydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The immunostimulatory activity of CPP was also evaluated by using in vitro cell models. The results demonstrated that CPP could promote the splenocyte proliferation, increase the activity of acid phosphatase in peritoneal macrophages and strengthen peritoneal macrophages to devour neutral red in vitro. (author)

  9. Polyploidization facilitates biotechnological in vitro techniques in the genus Cucumis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Skálová, Dagmar; Ondřej, Vladan; Doležalová, Ivana; Navrátilová, Božena; Lebeda, Aleš

    2010-01-01

    Prezygotic interspecific crossability barrier in the genus Cucumis is related to the ploidy level of the species (cucumber (C. sativus), x = 7; muskmelon (C. melo) and wild Cucumis species, x = 12). Polyploidization of maternal plants helps hybridization among other Cucumis species by overcoming prezygotic genetic barriers. The main objective of this paper is to compare the results of several methods supporting interspecific crosses in cucumber without and with polyploidization (comparison between diploid (2x) and mixoploid (2x/4x) cucumber maternal plants). Mixoploid plants were obtained after in vivo and in vitro polyploidization by colchicine and oryzalin. Ploidy level was estimated by flow cytometry. Embryo rescue, in vitro pollination, and isolation of mesophyll protoplast were tested and compared. Positive effect of polyploidization was observed during all experiments presented by higher regeneration capacity of cultivated mixoploid cucumber embryos, ovules, and protoplasts. Nevertheless, the hybrid character of putative hybrid accessions obtained after cross in vivo and in vitro pollination was not confirmed.

  10. Nitrogen metabolism in a grapevine in vitro system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nuria Llorens

    2002-09-01

    Full Text Available Ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, protein and individual and total amino acid contents were determined in grapevine (cv Sauvignon cultured in vitro. The enzyme activities of nitrate and nitrite reductases, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthetase and dehydrogenase were also determined. The nitrogen taken up by the plants was 70% of the total nitrogen in the medium after 75 days of in vitro culture. Most of the nitrogen taken up was recovered in the leaves, yet only ammonia and amino acid concentrations were significantly higher in leaves. In roots, glutamine was the most abundant amino acid. In leaves, the most abundant amino acids were aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, alanine, arginine and g-aminobutirate. All enzyme activities were higher in roots than in leaves. These results suggest that both roots and leaves incorporate inorganic nitrogen into organic forms.

  11. In Vitro Propagation and Conservation of Bacopa monnieri L.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sharma, Neelam; Singh, Rakesh; Pandey, Ruchira

    2016-01-01

    Bacopa monnieri L. (common name brahmi) is a traditional and renowned Indian medicinal plant with high commercial value for its memory revitalizer potential. Demand for this herb has further escalated due to popularization of various brahmi-based drugs coupled with reported anticancer property. Insufficient seed availability and problems associated with seed propagation including short seed viability are the major constraints of seed conservation in the gene banks. In vitro clonal propagation, a prerequisite for in vitro conservation by enhanced axillary branching was standardized. We have developed a simple, single step protocol for in vitro establishment, propagation and medium-term conservation of B. monnieri. Single node explants, cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with BA (0.2 mg/L), exhibited shoot proliferation without callus formation. Rooting was achieved on the same medium. The in vitro raised plants were successfully transferred to soil with ~80 % survival. On the same medium, shoots could also be conserved for 12 months with high survival and genetic stability was maintained as revealed by molecular markers. The protocol optimized in the present study has been applied for culture establishment, shoot multiplication and medium-term conservation of several Bacopa germplasm, procured from different agro-ecological regions of India.

  12. Complementing in vitro screening assays with in silico ...

    Science.gov (United States)

    High-throughput in vitro assays offer a rapid, cost-efficient means to screen thousands of chemicals across hundreds of pathway-based toxicity endpoints. However, one main concern involved with the use of in vitro assays is the erroneous omission of chemicals that are inactive under assay conditions but that can generate active metabolites under in vivo conditions. To address this potential issue, a case study will be presented to demonstrate the use of in silico tools to identify inactive parents with the ability to generate active metabolites. This case study used the results from an orthogonal assay designed to improve confidence in the identification of active chemicals tested across eighteen estrogen receptor (ER)-related in vitro assays by accounting for technological limitations inherent within each individual assay. From the 1,812 chemicals tested within the orthogonal assay, 1,398 were considered inactive. These inactive chemicals were analyzed using Chemaxon Metabolizer software to predict the first and second generation metabolites. From the nearly 1,400 inactive chemicals, over 2,200 first-generation (i.e., primary) metabolites and over 5,500 second-generation (i.e., secondary) metabolites were predicted. Nearly 70% of primary metabolites were immediately detoxified or converted to other metabolites, while over 70% of secondary metabolites remained stable. Among these predicted metabolites, those that are most likely to be produced and remain

  13. Biochemical and histological characterization of Agave fourcroydes Lem. plants in vitro acclimatized

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yunel Pérez Hernández

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Henequen (Agave fourcroydes Lem. is a representative crop of the province of Matanzas, Cuba, which has been exploited extensively for the quality of its fibers. The present work aimed to characterize from the biochemical and histological point of view henequen plants cv. 'Sac Ki' in vitro acclimatized. The biochemical indicators analyzed were concentration of soluble phenols, total soluble carbohydrates, reducing sugars, soluble proteins and total chlorophylls, as well as the relative contents of flavonoids, terpins and anthocyanins. In addition, a histological analysis of the epidermis was performed and the results were compared with plants of one month in rooting culture medium. In vitro acclimatized plants were subsequently transferred to the ex vitro conditions. The contents of total soluble carbohydrates, reducing sugars and chlorophylls decreased, whereas the levels of soluble phenols, proteins and secondary metabolites were higher in relation to in vitro plants rooted for 30 days. The epidermis of the in vitro acclimatized plants showed a greater development of the stomatal apparatus that could positively affect the ex vitro acclimatization, where a survival rate of 87% and a reduction of the acclimatization time were obtained.   Keywords: chlorophyll, henequen, phenol, reducing sugar

  14. Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Constituents, Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Lvhui; Zhang, Niya; Ling, Zhao; Zhu, Luoyi; Khan, Farhan Anwar; Zhang, Jiacai; Qi, Desheng

    2017-01-01

    Aflatoxicosis is a grave threat to the poultry industry. Dietary supplementation with antioxidants showed a great potential in enhancing the immune system; hence, protecting animals against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) one of the most well-known and powerful antioxidants. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of GSPE in the detoxification of AFB1 in broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old Cobb chicks were randomly allocated into five treatments of six replicates (10 birds per replicate), fed ad libitum for four weeks with the following dietary treatments: 1. Basal diet (control); 2. Basal diet + 1 mg/kg AFB1 contaminated corn (AFB1); 3. Basal diet + GSPE 250 mg/kg; (GSPE 250 mg/kg) 4. Basal diet + AFB1 (1 mg/kg) + GSPE 250 mg/kg; (AFB1 + GSPE 250 mg/kg) 5. Basal diet + AFB1 (1mg/kg) + GSPE 500 mg/kg, (AFB1 + GSPE 500 mg/kg). When compared with the control group, feeding broilers with AFB1 alone significantly reduced growth performance, serum immunoglobulin contents, negatively altered serum biochemical contents, and enzyme activities, and induced histopathological lesion in the liver. In addition, AFB1 significantly increased malondialdehyde content and decreased total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxide, glutathione-S transferase, glutathione reductase activities, and glutathione concentration within the liver and serum. The supplementation of GSPE (250 and 500 mg/kg) to AFB1 contaminated diet reduced AFB1 residue in the liver and significantly mitigated AFB1 negative effects. From these results, it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of GSPE has protective effects against aflatoxicosis caused by AFB1 in broiler chickens. PMID:29140290

  15. Implementation and Characterization of Dynamic Genetic Networks in Vitro

    OpenAIRE

    Niederholtmeyer, Henrike Marie

    2015-01-01

    Transcription and translation (TX-TL) can be performed in vitro, outside of cells, allowing the assembly and analysis of genetic networks. This approach to engineering biological networks in a less complex and more controllable environment could one day allow rapid prototyping of network designs before implementing them in living cells. Furthermore, the in vitro approach provides insight into how natural biological systems are built and is instructive to define the rules for engineering biolo...

  16. In vitro propagation of endangered Dianthus taxa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marković Marija

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The review of recent researches regarding the in vitro culture of 30 endangered Dianthus taxa is presented in this paper. Various in vitro protocols developed for selected rare and threatened Dianthus taxa are analysed in order to provide a useful synthesis of the data obtained with the main principles, techniques and recommendations for futher research and practice. The recapitulated data presented in this review can be used as a tool for the micropropagation of other endangered Dianthus taxa, enabling their propagation and obtaining a sufficient amount of plants for reintroduction. In addition, the obtained results represent the basis for ex situ conservation of the investigated taxa, especially for medium-term and long-term conservation (cryopreservation. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 43007

  17. In Vitro Dosimetry of Silver Nanoparticles

    Science.gov (United States)

    An important issue for interpreting in vitro nanomaterial testing is quantifying the dose absorbed by target cells. Considerations include the concentration added to the culture and the proportion of the applied dose that is absorbed by the target cells. Rapid and efficient techn...

  18. Aspects of energetic substrate metabolism of in vitro and in vivo bovine embryos

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Souza, D.K. de; Salles, L.P.; Rosa e Silva, A.A.M.

    2015-01-01

    Although the metabolism of early bovine embryos has not been fully elucidated, several publications have addressed this important issue to improve culture conditions for cattle reproductive biotechnologies, with the ultimate goal of producing in vitro embryos similar in quality to those developing in vivo. Here, we review general aspects of bovine embryo metabolism in vitro and in vivo, and discuss the use of metabolic analysis of embryos produced in vitro to assess viability and predict a viable pregnancy after transference to the female tract

  19. Aspects of energetic substrate metabolism of in vitro and in vivo bovine embryos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D.K. de Souza

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Although the metabolism of early bovine embryos has not been fully elucidated, several publications have addressed this important issue to improve culture conditions for cattle reproductive biotechnologies, with the ultimate goal of producing in vitro embryos similar in quality to those developing in vivo. Here, we review general aspects of bovine embryo metabolism in vitro and in vivo, and discuss the use of metabolic analysis of embryos produced in vitro to assess viability and predict a viable pregnancy after transference to the female tract.

  20. Aspects of energetic substrate metabolism of in vitro and in vivo bovine embryos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Souza, D.K. de [Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF (Brazil); Faculdade da Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF (Brazil); Salles, L.P. [Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF (Brazil); Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF (Brazil); Rosa e Silva, A.A.M. [Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF (Brazil)

    2015-01-23

    Although the metabolism of early bovine embryos has not been fully elucidated, several publications have addressed this important issue to improve culture conditions for cattle reproductive biotechnologies, with the ultimate goal of producing in vitro embryos similar in quality to those developing in vivo. Here, we review general aspects of bovine embryo metabolism in vitro and in vivo, and discuss the use of metabolic analysis of embryos produced in vitro to assess viability and predict a viable pregnancy after transference to the female tract.