Determinantes estructurales y su relación con el índice de COP en países de desarrollo alto, mediano y bajo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Carlos García Rincón

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: describir y analizar los determinantes estructurales y su relación con el índice de COP en países de desarrollo alto, mediano y bajo durante las últimas tres décadas. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo realizado a partir de una revisión de la literatura internacional y nacional en bases de datos y páginas web. Resultados: se encontró un país con índice de COP elevado; un país con índice de COP moderado; 10 países con índice de COP bajo; y 10 países con índice de COP muy bajo. Los países de desarrollo alto y los países de desarrollo bajo se comportan de manera similar en tanto reportan índices de COP inferiores al promedio mundial sugerido por la OMS (2.4. Discusión y conclusiones: se concluye que los valores de COP están asociados fuertemente a factores macroeconómicos, como las políticas y servicios de cuidado de la salud disponibles para la población, más que a la clasificación de desarrollo del Banco Mundial. Los determinantes sociales están directamente relacionados con las políticas estructurales que afectan el bienestar social, la salud y la calidad de vida de la población.

PISTES fête ses 10 ans

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Esther Cloutier

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Bonjour, PISTES fête ses 10 ans. Comme le temps passe vite n’est-ce pas ! Depuis le premier numéro en 1999 que de chemin parcouru : plusieurs problématiques de recherche s’intéressant aux liens entre la santé et le travail ont été abordées, le nombre de lecteurs a augmenté sans cesse, la revue a été indexée dans diverses bases de données de références importantes, plusieurs articles sont maintenant traduits en anglais avec des résumés français, anglais et espagnol, une rubrique de défricheur ...

Cross section of the 197Au(n,2n196Au reaction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kalamara A.

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The 197Au(n,2n196Au reaction cross section has been measured at two energies, namely at 17.1 MeV and 20.9 MeV, by means of the activation technique, relative to the 27Al(n,α24Na reference reaction cross section. Quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams were produced at the 5.5 MV Tandem T11/25 accelerator laboratory of NCSR “Demokritos”, by means of the 3H(d,n4He reaction, implementing a new Ti-tritiated target of ∼ 400 GBq activity. The induced γ-ray activity at the targets and reference foils has been measured with HPGe detectors. The cross section for the population of the second isomeric (12− state m2 of 196Au was independently determined. Auxiliary Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the MCNP code. The present results are in agreement with previous experimental data and with theoretical calculations of the measured reaction cross sections, which were carried out with the use of the EMPIRE code.

Electrical investigation of the Au/n+–GaAs and Au/n-porous GaAs structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saghrouni, H.; Hannachi, R.; Jomni, S.; Beji, L.

2013-01-01

The electrical properties of Au/n + –GaAs and Au/n-porous GaAs metal–semiconductor structures were investigated using room temperature current–voltage I(V) and capacitance–voltage C(V) measurements. The electrical parameters of these structures such as ideality factor, barrier height potential, series resistance have been calculated. The obtained parameters of Au/n-porous GaAs structure were discussed and compared to those of Au/n + –GaAs structure. The series resistances and ideality factors of the two structures were seen to have approximately the same values. Furthermore, the shunt resistance and the barrier height potential values for the Au/n-porous GaAs structure were found to be different than the ones of Au/n + –GaAs structure. Furthermore the two structures showed a non-ideal I(V) behavior with an ideality factor greater than unity. Such non ideal behavior was suggested to be due to the existence of high density of trap and the forward I(V) characteristics which were governed by space charge limited conductivity, characterized by single and exponential trapping levels in both structures (SCLC). A model based upon TFE tunneling of carriers at reverse current was used to explain the non-saturation of reverse current of the structures. The high frequency C(V) characteristics of the structure reveal the presence of an anomalous behavior at the forward bias. Though the capacitance reaches a peak, it remarkably decreases with an increasing bias voltage suggested by the presence of interface states. Furthermore, the energy distribution of interface density in the structures was determined by the forward bias C(V) measurement as well as using ideality factor and barrier height potential values obtained from forward bias I(V) and reverse bias C −2 (V) characteristics, respectively. An estimated energy band diagram for the Au/n + –GaAs and Au/n-porous GaAs structures are presented

Suivie de diabète gestationnel au service de la maternité Tlemcen

OpenAIRE

Djadoudi, Ahlam

2015-01-01

Les grossesses compliquées d‟un diabète soit préexistant, soit apparu au Cours de la grossesse « diabète gestationnel », restent des grossesses à risque de complications materno-foetales. La présence d‟un diabète préexistant confère un risque surajouté de malformations foetales. La pathogénie de ces complications fait largement intervenir l‟hyperglycémie, d‟autres facteurs encore mal connus pourraient aussi être impliqués. De part sa fréquence et ses risques encourus par la mère et l‟en...

Position encoder

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goursky, V.

1975-05-01

This paper describes circuitry for deriving the quotient of signals delivered by position-sensitive detectors. Digital output is obtained in the form of 10 to 12 bit words. Impact position may be determined with 0.25% accuracy when the dynamic range of the energy signal is less than 1:10, and 0.5% accuracy when the dynamic range is 1:20. The division requires an average time of 5μs for 10-bit words [fr

Thermal stability study of Cr/Au contact formed on n-type Ga-polar GaN, N-polar GaN, and wet-etched N-polar GaN surfaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choi, Yunju; Kim, Yangsoo; Ahn, Kwang-Soon; Kim, Hyunsoo

2014-01-01

Highlights: • The Cr/Au contact on n-type Ga-polar (0 0 0 1) GaN, N-polar (0 0 0 −1) GaN, and wet-etched N-polar GaN were investigated. • Thermal annealing led to a significant degradation of contact formed on N-polar n-GaN samples. • Contact degradation was shown to be closely related to the increase in the electrical resistivity of n-GaN. • Out-diffusion of Ga and N atoms was clearly observed in N-polar samples. - Abstract: The electrical characteristics and thermal stability of a Cr/Au contact formed on n-type Ga-polar (0 0 0 1) GaN, N-polar GaN, and wet-etched N-polar GaN were investigated. As-deposited Cr/Au showed a nearly ohmic contact behavior for all samples, i.e., the specific contact resistance was 3.2 × 10 −3 , 4.3 × 10 −4 , and 1.1 × 10 −3 Ω cm 2 for the Ga-polar, flat N-polar, and roughened N-polar samples, respectively. However, thermal annealing performed at 250 °C for 1 min in a N 2 ambient led to a significant degradation of contact, i.e., the contact resistance increased by 186, 3260, and 2030% after annealing for Ga-polar, flat N-polar, and roughened N-polar samples, respectively. This could be due to the different disruption degree of Cr/Au and GaN interface after annealing, i.e., the insignificant interfacial reaction occurred in the Ga-polar sample, while out-diffusion of Ga and N atoms was clearly observed in N-polar samples

Thermal stability study of Cr/Au contact formed on n-type Ga-polar GaN, N-polar GaN, and wet-etched N-polar GaN surfaces

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Choi, Yunju [School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Semiconductor Physics Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756 (Korea, Republic of); Suncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Suncheon 540-742 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Yangsoo [Suncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Suncheon 540-742 (Korea, Republic of); Ahn, Kwang-Soon, E-mail: kstheory@ynu.ac.kr [School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Hyunsoo, E-mail: hskim7@jbnu.ac.kr [School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Semiconductor Physics Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756 (Korea, Republic of)

2014-10-30

Highlights: • The Cr/Au contact on n-type Ga-polar (0 0 0 1) GaN, N-polar (0 0 0 −1) GaN, and wet-etched N-polar GaN were investigated. • Thermal annealing led to a significant degradation of contact formed on N-polar n-GaN samples. • Contact degradation was shown to be closely related to the increase in the electrical resistivity of n-GaN. • Out-diffusion of Ga and N atoms was clearly observed in N-polar samples. - Abstract: The electrical characteristics and thermal stability of a Cr/Au contact formed on n-type Ga-polar (0 0 0 1) GaN, N-polar GaN, and wet-etched N-polar GaN were investigated. As-deposited Cr/Au showed a nearly ohmic contact behavior for all samples, i.e., the specific contact resistance was 3.2 × 10{sup −3}, 4.3 × 10{sup −4}, and 1.1 × 10{sup −3} Ω cm{sup 2} for the Ga-polar, flat N-polar, and roughened N-polar samples, respectively. However, thermal annealing performed at 250 °C for 1 min in a N{sub 2} ambient led to a significant degradation of contact, i.e., the contact resistance increased by 186, 3260, and 2030% after annealing for Ga-polar, flat N-polar, and roughened N-polar samples, respectively. This could be due to the different disruption degree of Cr/Au and GaN interface after annealing, i.e., the insignificant interfacial reaction occurred in the Ga-polar sample, while out-diffusion of Ga and N atoms was clearly observed in N-polar samples.

Electrical investigation of the Au/n{sup +}–GaAs and Au/n-porous GaAs structures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saghrouni, H.; Hannachi, R. [Université de Sousse. Laboratoire Energie-Matériaux. Equipe de recherche caractérisations optoélectronique et spectroscopique des matériaux et nanomatériaux pour les télécommunications et capteurs, ISITCOM, 4011 Hammam Sousse (Tunisia); Jomni, S. [Laboratoire Matériaux, Organization et Propriétés, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis (Tunisia); Beji, L., E-mail: lotbej_fr@yahoo.fr [Université de Sousse. Laboratoire Energie-Matériaux. Equipe de recherche caractérisations optoélectronique et spectroscopique des matériaux et nanomatériaux pour les télécommunications et capteurs, ISITCOM, 4011 Hammam Sousse (Tunisia)

2013-08-01

The electrical properties of Au/n{sup +}–GaAs and Au/n-porous GaAs metal–semiconductor structures were investigated using room temperature current–voltage I(V) and capacitance–voltage C(V) measurements. The electrical parameters of these structures such as ideality factor, barrier height potential, series resistance have been calculated. The obtained parameters of Au/n-porous GaAs structure were discussed and compared to those of Au/n{sup +}–GaAs structure. The series resistances and ideality factors of the two structures were seen to have approximately the same values. Furthermore, the shunt resistance and the barrier height potential values for the Au/n-porous GaAs structure were found to be different than the ones of Au/n{sup +}–GaAs structure. Furthermore the two structures showed a non-ideal I(V) behavior with an ideality factor greater than unity. Such non ideal behavior was suggested to be due to the existence of high density of trap and the forward I(V) characteristics which were governed by space charge limited conductivity, characterized by single and exponential trapping levels in both structures (SCLC). A model based upon TFE tunneling of carriers at reverse current was used to explain the non-saturation of reverse current of the structures. The high frequency C(V) characteristics of the structure reveal the presence of an anomalous behavior at the forward bias. Though the capacitance reaches a peak, it remarkably decreases with an increasing bias voltage suggested by the presence of interface states. Furthermore, the energy distribution of interface density in the structures was determined by the forward bias C(V) measurement as well as using ideality factor and barrier height potential values obtained from forward bias I(V) and reverse bias C{sup −2}(V) characteristics, respectively. An estimated energy band diagram for the Au/n{sup +}–GaAs and Au/n-porous GaAs structures are presented.

Direct flow in 10.8 GeV/nucleon Au+Au collisions measured in experiment E917 at the AGS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Back, B. B.; Betts, R. R.; Britt, H. C.; Chang, J.; Chang, W. C.; Gillitzer, A.; Henning, W. F.; Hofman, D. J.; Nanal, V.; Wuosmaa, A. H.

1999-01-01

Analysis of directed flow observable for protons and pions from Au+Au collisions at 10.8 GeV/nucleon from experiment E917 at the AGS is presented. Using a Fourier series expansion, the first Fourier component, ν 1 ,was extracted as a function of rapidity for mid-central collisions (17-24%). Clear evidence for positive directed flow is found in the proton data, and a weak, possibly negative directed flow signal is observed for π + and π -

Enhanced middle-infrared light transmission through Au/SiO(x)N(y)/Au aperture arrays.

Science.gov (United States)

Xiao, Gongli; Yao, Xiang; Ji, Xinming; Zhou, Jia; Bao, Zongming; Huang, Yiping

2011-12-01

The enhanced middle-infrared light transmission through Au/SiO(x)N(y)/Au aperture arrays by changing the refractive index and the thickness of a dielectric layer was studied experimentally. The results indicated that the transmission spectra was highly dependent on the refractive index and the thickness of SiO(x)N(y). We found that the transmission peaks redshifted regularly along with the refractive index from 1.6 to 1.8, owing to the role of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) coupling in the Au/SiO(x)N(y)/Au cascaded metallic structure. Simultaneously, a higher transmission efficiency and narrower transmission peak was obtained in Au/SiO2.1N0.3/Au cascaded metallic structure with small refractive index (1.6) than in Au/SiO0.6N1/Au cascaded metallic structure with large refractive index (1.8). When the thickness of SiO(x)N(y) changes from 0.2 to 0.4 microm, the shape of transmission spectra exhibits a large change. It was found that a higher transmission efficiency and narrower transmission peak was obtained in Au/SiO(x)N(y)/Au cascaded metallic structure with a thin dielectric film (0.2 microm), with the increase of SiO(x)N(y) film's thickness, the transmission peak gradually widened and disappeared finally. This effect is useful in applications of biochemical sensing and tunable integrated plasmonic devices in the middle-infrared region.

Quemaduras por frío: Revisión de 10 Años

OpenAIRE

EULUFÍ M, ALEX; PIÑEROS B, JOSÉ LUIS; CALDERÓN O, WILFREDO; CUADRA C, ÁLVARO; DANILLA E, STEFAN; LÉNIZ M, PATRICIO; ROCO M, HÉCTOR; ROA G, RICARDO; EULUFÍ M, CHRISTIAN

2006-01-01

La injuria por frío ha sido objeto de estudio desde la década de 1960, Este trabajo entrega los resultados de una revisión retrospectiva de un grupo de 10 pacientes ingresados al Hospital del Trabajador de Santiago (HTS) en un periodo de 10 años producto de accidentes laborales de distintas etiologías. Cabe señalar que solo encontramos reportes aislados de casos en la literatura revisada. Se revisaron retrospectivamente las fichas clínicas de 10 pacientes en el periodo 1993-2003. Las edades f...

Un CERNOIS au sommet de la GTJ200 !!

CERN Multimedia

CERN Running Club

2018-01-01

Les 9 et 10 mars dernier a eu lieu la plus longue des courses de ski de fond au monde. C’est une épreuve qui cumule 200 km de ski de fond en empruntant les pistes de Giron (dans l’Ain) à Grand’Combe-Chateleu (dans le Doubs). Elle s’effectue par équipe de 2 avec l’aide d’une 3e personne pour l’assistance. Cette 4e édition a vu la victoire de Guillaume Michet et son binôme Herve Balanche. Ils sont allés chercher cette victoire grâce à une parfaite gestion de course et un magnifique esprit d’équipe (assistance comprise). Guillaume est un membre actif du running club. Ses entrainements assidus et intenses lui ont permis d’augmenter son niveau physique et de parfaire ses capacités mentales nécessaires pour arriver à bout d’une telle épreuve. Notons également...

FORMACIÓN DEL PROFESORADO DE MÚSICA EN LOS PAÍSES NÓRDICOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gunnar Heiling

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Los países nórdicos (Dinamarca, Finlandia, Islandia, Noruega y Suecia tienen fama de tener una visión moderna de la educación musical y de haber aceptado la música pop en las escuelas. Se esperaría, por tanto, que los programas de formación del profesorado se ajustaran a tales circunstancias, lo que, sin embargo, es cierto sólo en parte. En este artículo se ofrece una visión general de la situación de la formación del profesorado de música en la que se tratarán los planes de estudios en estos cinco países en lo referente a la organización y los contenidos de esta titulación.

Measurements of jet quenching with semi-inclusive hadron+jet distributions in Au+Au collisions at √{sN N}=200 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Alekseev, I.; Anderson, D. M.; Aoyama, R.; Aparin, A.; Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Ashraf, M. U.; Attri, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bai, X.; Bairathi, V.; Behera, A.; Bellwied, R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bhattarai, P.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bland, L. C.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Bouchet, J.; Brandenburg, J. D.; Brandin, A. V.; Brown, D.; Bunzarov, I.; Butterworth, J.; Caines, H.; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M.; Campbell, J. M.; Cebra, D.; Chakaberia, I.; Chaloupka, P.; Chang, Z.; Chankova-Bunzarova, N.; Chatterjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, X.; Chen, J. H.; Chen, X.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Christie, W.; Contin, G.; Crawford, H. J.; Das, S.; De Silva, L. C.; Debbe, R. R.; Dedovich, T. G.; Deng, J.; Derevschikov, A. A.; Didenko, L.; Dilks, C.; Dong, X.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Draper, J. E.; Dunkelberger, L. E.; Dunlop, J. C.; Efimov, L. G.; Elsey, N.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Esha, R.; Esumi, S.; Evdokimov, O.; Ewigleben, J.; Eyser, O.; Fatemi, R.; Fazio, S.; Federic, P.; Federicova, P.; Fedorisin, J.; Feng, Z.; Filip, P.; Finch, E.; Fisyak, Y.; Flores, C. E.; Fulek, L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Garand, D.; Geurts, F.; Gibson, A.; Girard, M.; Grosnick, D.; Gunarathne, D. S.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.; Guryn, W.; Hamad, A. I.; Hamed, A.; Harlenderova, A.; Harris, J. W.; He, L.; Heppelmann, S.; Heppelmann, S.; Hirsch, A.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Horvat, S.; Huang, T.; Huang, B.; Huang, X.; Huang, H. Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Huo, P.; Igo, G.; Jacobs, P. M.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jentsch, A.; Jia, J.; Jiang, K.; Jowzaee, S.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kalinkin, D.; Kang, K.; Kauder, K.; Ke, H. W.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Khan, Z.; Kikoła, D. P.; Kisel, I.; Kisiel, A.; Kochenda, L.; Kocmanek, M.; Kollegger, T.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Kraishan, A. F.; Kravtsov, P.; Krueger, K.; Kulathunga, N.; Kumar, L.; Kvapil, J.; Kwasizur, J. H.; Lacey, R.; Landgraf, J. M.; Landry, K. D.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednicky, R.; Lee, J. H.; Li, X.; Li, C.; Li, W.; Li, Y.; Lidrych, J.; Lin, T.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, H.; Liu, P.; Liu, Y.; Liu, F.; Ljubicic, T.; Llope, W. J.; Lomnitz, M.; Longacre, R. S.; Luo, S.; Luo, X.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, L.; Ma, Y. G.; Ma, R.; Magdy, N.; Majka, R.; Mallick, D.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Matis, H. S.; Meehan, K.; Mei, J. C.; Miller, Z. W.; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mishra, D.; Mizuno, S.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Morozov, D. A.; Mustafa, M. K.; Nasim, Md.; Nayak, T. K.; Nelson, J. M.; Nie, M.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Niida, T.; Nogach, L. V.; Nonaka, T.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Oh, K.; Okorokov, V. A.; Olvitt, D.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Pandit, Y.; Panebratsev, Y.; Pawlik, B.; Pei, H.; Perkins, C.; Pile, P.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Porter, J.; Posik, M.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Pruthi, N. K.; Przybycien, M.; Putschke, J.; Qiu, H.; Quintero, A.; Ramachandran, S.; Ray, R. L.; Reed, R.; Rehbein, M. J.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J. B.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Roth, J. D.; Ruan, L.; Rusnak, J.; Rusnakova, O.; Sahoo, N. R.; Sahu, P. K.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Saur, M.; Schambach, J.; Schmah, A. M.; Schmidke, W. B.; Schmitz, N.; Schweid, B. R.; Seger, J.; Sergeeva, M.; Seyboth, P.; Shah, N.; Shahaliev, E.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Shao, M.; Sharma, A.; Sharma, M. K.; Shen, W. Q.; Shi, Z.; Shi, S. S.; Shou, Q. Y.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sikora, R.; Simko, M.; Singha, S.; Skoby, M. J.; Smirnov, N.; Smirnov, D.; Solyst, W.; Song, L.; Sorensen, P.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Sugiura, T.; Sumbera, M.; Summa, B.; Sun, Y.; Sun, X. M.; Sun, X.; Surrow, B.; Svirida, D. N.; Tang, A. H.; Tang, Z.; Taranenko, A.; Tarnowsky, T.; Tawfik, A.; Thäder, J.; Thomas, J. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Tlusty, D.; Todoroki, T.; Tokarev, M.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Tribedy, P.; Tripathy, S. K.; Trzeciak, B. A.; Tsai, O. D.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Upsal, I.; Van Buren, G.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Videbæk, F.; Vokal, S.; Voloshin, S. A.; Vossen, A.; Wang, G.; Wang, Y.; Wang, F.; Wang, Y.; Webb, J. C.; Webb, G.; Wen, L.; Westfall, G. D.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Y.; Xiao, Z. G.; Xie, W.; Xie, G.; Xu, J.; Xu, N.; Xu, Q. H.; Xu, Y. F.; Xu, Z.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Q.; Yang, C.; Yang, S.; Ye, Z.; Ye, Z.; Yi, L.; Yip, K.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yu, N.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, C.; Zhu, X.; Zhu, Z.; Zyzak, M.; STAR Collaboration

2017-08-01

The STAR Collaboration reports the measurement of semi-inclusive distributions of charged-particle jets recoiling from a high transverse momentum hadron trigger, in central and peripheral Au +Au collisions at √{sNN}=200 GeV. Charged jets are reconstructed with the anti-kT algorithm for jet radii R between 0.2 and 0.5 and with low infrared cutoff of track constituents (pT>0.2 GeV / c ). A novel mixed-event technique is used to correct the large uncorrelated background present in heavy ion collisions. Corrected recoil jet distributions are reported at midrapidity, for charged-jet transverse momentum pT,jet ch<30 GeV / c . Comparison is made to similar measurements for Pb +Pb collisions at √{s }=2.76 TeV, to calculations for p +p collisions at √{s }=200 GeV based on the pythia Monte Carlo generator and on a next-to-leading order perturbative QCD approach, and to theoretical calculations incorporating jet quenching. The recoil jet yield is suppressed in central relative to peripheral collisions, with the magnitude of the suppression corresponding to medium-induced charged energy transport out of the jet cone of 2.8 ±0.2 (stat )±1.5 (sys ) GeV /c , for 10 0.5 . No medium-induced change in jet shape is observed for R <0.5 . The azimuthal distribution of low-pT,jet ch recoil jets may be enhanced at large azimuthal angles to the trigger axis, due to scattering off quasiparticles in the hot QCD medium. Measurement of this distribution gives a 90% statistical confidence upper limit to the yield enhancement at large deflection angles in central Au +Au collisions of 50 ±30 (sys )% of the large-angle yield in p +p collisions predicted by pythia.

Description of spin reorientation transition in Au/Co/Au sandwich with Co film thickness within a simple phenomenological model of ferromagnetic film

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Popov, A.P.

2012-01-01

Simple phenomenological model of ferromagnetic film characterized by equal energies of surface anisotropies at two sides of a film (symmetric film) is considered. The model is used to describe a two-step spin reorientation transition (SRT) in Au/Co/Au sandwich with Co film thickness: the SRT from perpendicular to canted noncollinear (CNC) state at N ⊥ =6.3 atomic layers and the subsequent SRT from CNC to in-plane state at N ∥ =10.05 atomic layers. Analytic expressions for the stability criterion of collinear perpendicular and in-plane states of a film are derived with account of discrete location of atomic layers. The dependence of borders that separate regions corresponding to various magnetic states of a film in the (k B ,k S )-diagram on film thickness N is established. k S (k B ) is surface (bulk) reduced anisotropy constant. The comparison of theory with experiment related to Au/Co/Au sandwich shows that there is a whole region in the (k B ,k S )-diagram corresponding to experimentally determined values of threshold film thicknesses N ⊥ =6.3 and N ∥ =10.05. The comparison of this region with similar region determined earlier for a bare Co/Au film within the same model of asymmetric film and characterized by N ⊥ =3.5, N ∥ =5.5 shows that the intersection of these regions is not empty. Hence, both the SRT in Au/Co/Au sandwich and in bare Co/Au film with Co film thickness can be described within the same model using the same magnitudes of model parameters k S , k B . Based on this result we conclude that the energy of Neel surface anisotropy at free Co surface is negligible compared to the energy of Co–Au interface anisotropy. It is demonstrated that the destabilization of collinear states in symmetric film leads to occurrence of the ground CNC state and two novel metastable CNC states. These three CNC states exhibit different kinds of symmetry. In case of asymmetric film only ground CNC state occurs on destabilization of collinear states of a film

Geometric, stability, and electronic properties of gold-doped Pd clusters (Pd{sub n}Au, n = 3~20)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huan, Hao; Chen, Yan; Wang, Tao; Ye, Xiang, E-mail: yexiang@shnu.edu.cn [Shanghai Normal University, Department of Physics (China); Gu, Xiao, E-mail: gx@cqu.edu.cn [Chongqing University, Department of Applied Physics (China)

2016-11-15

The structure, stability, and electronic properties of Pd{sub n}Au (n = 3~20) clusters are studied by density functional theory. The results show that the clusters studied here prefer three-dimensional structures even with very small atom number. It is found that the binding energies of Pd{sub n}Au clusters are higher than the corresponding pure Pd{sub n} clusters with the same atom number. Most Pd{sub n}Au clusters studied here are magnetic with magnetic moments ranging from 1.0 to 7.0 μ{sub B.} The dissociation energies of Pd atoms are lower than the doped gold atom, that is the doped Au atom will increase the mother clusters stability and activity.

Microstructures and coherent phase diagram for the pseudobinary system (AuCu)1-xPd x with x ≤ 0.10

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luciano, Rhodora H.; Shiraishi, Takanobu; Udoh, Koh-ichi; Tanaka, Yasuhiro; Hisatsune, Kunihiro

2005-01-01

A coherent phase diagram for the pseudobinary system (AuCu) 1-x Pd x with x ≤ 0.10 was constructed based on phase identification and microstructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy. It was confirmed that the addition of palladium exceeding 1.0 at.% to the equiatomic AuCu eliminated the AuCu II long-period superstructure from the phase equilibria and stabilized the AuCu I superstructure. The AuCu-0.5 at.% Pd and AuCu-1.0 at.% Pd alloys isothermally aged for long time at temperatures ranging from 380 to 420 deg. C exhibited seven distinguishable regions; a single-phase region of disordered solid solution (α); a single-phase region of AuCu I ordered phase; a single-phase region of AuCu II ordered phase; a region of the coexisting AuCu I and AuCu II ordered phases; a region of the coexisting AuCu I ordered and α phases; a region of the coexisting AuCu II ordered and α phases; and a region of the coexisting AuCu I and AuCu II ordered and α phases

Le camfranglais, né de l’acclimatement/acclimatation du français, au cœur d’une glottonomie socio-profane

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Venant Eloundou Eloundou

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Cette contribution analyse les perceptions que les internautes des sites Forum Bonaberi.com et Cameroon-Info.Net ont du camfranglais, né du processus d’acclimatement/acclimatation du français au Cameroun. Mettant à contribution les discours des camfranglophones, l’approche glottonomique et l’imaginaire linguistique, l’étude se focalise sur les représentations systémiques et sociolinguistiques du camfranglais. S’agissant du premier axe, l’analyse des interventions discursives révèle les spécificités linguistiques du camfranglais, en l’opposant au pidgin-english-camerounais né de l’anglais et aux variétés de français parlé au Cameroun. Le second axe examine l’imaginaire de la variation sociolangagière du camfrançais. Il en découle que les internautes ont une saisie variationniste de cet parler selon trois niveaux : diachronique, diatopique et diaphasique. Ce camfranglais apparaît dans les discours épilinguistiques analysés comme une langue à part entière : d’où la revendication de ses statuts et ses fonctions officiels ; voire sa prise en compte glottopolitique. Toutes ces représentations faites par ce qu’on peut appeler les acteurs glottonomiques profanes permettent d’aboutir à la conclusion selon laquelle la gestion des problématiques glottopolitiques doit tenir compte de toutes les composantes sociales, pour un développement durable, stimulé par des langues. Par ailleurs, relativement à la linguistique française, cette analyse permet de saisir les tensions sociolinguistiques et les modalités de représentations impliquant le français et le camfranglais. Si le français constitue une langue matrice pour le camfranglais, il ressort de cette réflexion que ses locuteurs construisent des représentations visant à établir une frontière linguistique et sociolinguistique entre la langue mère (français et le camfranglais dérivé.

Profil de la néphropathie diabétique à l’Hôpital Général de Référence Nationale de N'Djamena (Tchad)

Science.gov (United States)

Hamat, Ibrahim; Abderraman, Guillaume Mahamat; Cisse, Mouhamadou Moustapha; Youssouf, Mahamat; Djafar, Matar Saboune; Mbainguinam, Dionadji; Fotclossou, Tara

2016-01-01

Introduction Le diabète sucré constitue un véritable problème de santé et ses complications touchent plusieurs organes dont les reins. Un diagnostic précoce de la néphropathie diabétique permet de prendre en charge les patients plus efficacement et de façon multidisciplinaire, de retarder sa progression vers l'insuffisance rénale chronique. Peu d'études ont été faites en Afrique dans ce domaine. Au Tchad, nous ne disposons pas de données statistiques sur l'atteinte rénale liée au diabète. C'est pourquoi nous nous proposons d'étudier la néphropathie diabétique avec pour objectifs d'analyser le profil de la néphropathie diabétique des patients de l'hôpital général de référence nationale de N'Djamena. Méthodes Nous avions mené une étude transversale descriptive à l'Hôpital Générale de Référence Nationale de N'Djamena d'avril à septembre 2012. Etaient inclus dans l'étude tous les patients diabétiques hospitalisés ou suivis dans les services de néphrologie et d'endocrinologie. Résultats Il y avait 54 cas de néphropathie diabétique sur 181 patients soit 29,80%. L'âge de plus de 50 ans représentait 87%, le sexe masculin dominait avec 67%, la durée d'évolution du diabète au moment de la découverte de la néphropathie était de 10,25 ans, la pression artérielle moyenne était de 138 mm Hg, l'HbA1C était supérieur à 6,5% dans 74,5%, l'insuffisance rénale terminale était retrouvée dans 26,90%, une protéinurie à 2,65 g/24 h était détectée dans 60,30%. 57,4% des patients avaient une rétinopathie diabétique au stade III. Conclusion Au Tchad, la fréquence de la néphropathie diabétique est de l'ordre de 29,83%. C'est une affection qui touche les hommes avec une moyenne d'âge de 58,7 ans. Le diabète de type 2 est le plus fréquent avec 90,7% des cas. Les facteurs de risque mal contrôlés pouvaient conduire la néphropathie diabétique vers une altération de la fonction rénale notamment l'HTA (70,8%), un d

Preferential Au precipitation at deformation-induced defects in Fe–Au and Fe–Au–B–N alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, S., E-mail: S.Zhang-1@tudelft.nl [Fundamental Aspects of Materials and Energy, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft (Netherlands); Langelaan, G. [Fundamental Aspects of Materials and Energy, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft (Netherlands); Brouwer, J.C.; Sloof, W.G. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft (Netherlands); Brück, E. [Fundamental Aspects of Materials and Energy, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft (Netherlands); Zwaag, S. van der [Novel Aerospace Materials Group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft (Netherlands); Dijk, N.H. van [Fundamental Aspects of Materials and Energy, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft (Netherlands)

2014-01-25

Highlights: • Fe–Au–B–N forms a good model alloy system for self healing of deformation damage. • Solute Au atoms exclusively precipitate at grain boundaries, cracks and cavities. • XPS indicates a strong tendency for Au segregation on free surfaces at 550 °C. • Interstitial B and N form hexagonal BN on free surfaces at 550 °C. • Selective Au precipitation at open volume defects can cause autonomous repair. -- Abstract: The influence of deformation-induced defects on the isothermal precipitation of Au was studied in high-purity Fe–Au and Fe–Au–B–N alloys. Preferential Au precipitation upon annealing at 550 °C is observed at local plastic indentations. In fractured Fe–Au–B–N, solute Au atoms were found to heterogeneously precipitate at grain boundaries and local micro-cracks. This is supported by in-situ creep tests that showed a strong tendency for Au precipitation at cracks and cavities also formed during creep loading at 550 °C. Complementary X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments indicate a strong tendency of Au, B and N segregation onto free surface during aging. The observed site-specific precipitation of Au holds interesting opportunities for defect healing in steels subjected to creep deformation.

Au@AuPt nanoparticles embedded in B-doped graphene: A superior electrocatalyst for determination of rutin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Xianlan; Yang, Guangming; Feng, Shaoping; Shi, Ling; Huang, Zhaolong [School of Science, Honghe University (China); Key Laboratory of Natural Pharamaceutical & Chemical Biology of Yunnan Province Mengzi, Yunnan 661100 (China); Pan, Haibo [Fujian Key Lab of Medical Instrument & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yishan Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (China); Liu, Wei, E-mail: liuwei4728@126.com [School of Science, Honghe University (China); Key Laboratory of Natural Pharamaceutical & Chemical Biology of Yunnan Province Mengzi, Yunnan 661100 (China)

2017-04-30

Highlights: • The formation of B-doped graphene (BG) with high content of a total B species use hydrothermal method with B{sub 2}O{sub 3} as reducing agent and boron source. • BG was exfoliated into monolayer nanosheet impregnated by Au@AuPt NPs because B atom creates a net positive charge to facilitate NPs adsorption. • The dispersed carboxyl units of BG can form hydrogen bonding with the phenolic hydroxyl groups of rutin, making more rutin participate in reaction. • Au@AuPt NPs can form charge accumulation or valence change on prominent part of the surface, improving the catalytic effect to rutin. • More electroactive sites were generated by doping B atoms into graphene structures, which act as multidimensional electron transport pathways. - Abstract: A hydrothermal approach was used to prepare B-doped graphene with B{sub 2}O{sub 3} as reductant and boron source. Results reveal that the boron atoms have been successfully embedded into graphene with a high content of a total B species (2.85 at.%). Then, B-doped graphene was exfoliated further into monolayer nanosheet by impregnating Au@AuPt core-shell nanoparticles (Au@AuPt NPs) because boron atom creates a net positive charge, which facilitates Au@AuPt NPs adsorption to form Au@AuPt NPs/B-doped graphene hybrid nanocatalysts. After that, the Au@AuPt NPs/B-doped hybrid suspension was dropped on glassy carbon electrode for sensing rutin. In this way, the dispersed carboxyl units of B-doped graphene can form hydrogen bonding with the phenolic hydroxyl groups of rutin, making rutin enrich easily on modified electrode surface to enhance the electrochemical response. At the same time, its electrochemical mechanism on the modified electrode was elucidated using cyclic voltammetry. It was found that its electrochemical behavior on modified electrode surface was a surface-controlled quasi-reversible process, and the charge transfer coefficient (α) and electron transfer number (n) were 0.296 and 2, respectively

Pathways Linking Childhood SES and Adult Health Behaviors and Psychological Resources in Black and White Men.

Science.gov (United States)

Boylan, Jennifer Morozink; Cundiff, Jenny M; Jakubowski, Karen P; Pardini, Dustin A; Matthews, Karen A

2018-03-13

Exposure to low socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood predicts increased morbidity and mortality. However, little prospective evidence is available to test pathways linking low childhood SES to adult health. In the current study, indirect effects through positive parenting in adolescence and adult SES were tested in the association between childhood SES and adult health behaviors and psychological resources. Men (n = 305; 53% Black) were followed longitudinally from ages 7 to 32. SES was measured annually in childhood (ages 7-9) and again in adulthood (age 32) using the Hollingshead index. Parenting was assessed annually (ages 13-16) using caregivers' and boys' self-report of supervision, communication, and expectations for their son's future. Health behaviors (cigarette and alcohol use, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity) and psychological resources (optimism, purpose in life, self-mastery, and self-esteem) were assessed in adulthood (age 32). Structural equation modeling showed that higher childhood SES was associated with more positive parenting in adolescence and higher adult SES. Higher childhood SES was indirectly associated with healthier behaviors and higher psychological resources in adulthood through pathways involving positive parenting during adolescence and SES in adulthood. Findings were consistent in both racial groups. Positive parenting in adolescence was an important pathway in understanding associations among childhood SES and health behaviors and psychological resources in adulthood. Low childhood SES was prospectively associated with healthier behaviors and greater psychological resources in part through more positive parenting in adolescence.

Λ Λ Correlation Function in Au +Au Collisions at √{sN N }=200 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alekseev, I.; Alford, J.; Anson, C. D.; Aparin, A.; Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Averichev, G. S.; Banerjee, A.; Beavis, D. R.; Bellwied, R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bhattarai, P.; Bichsel, H.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bland, L. C.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Borowski, W.; Bouchet, J.; Brandin, A. V.; Brovko, S. G.; Bültmann, S.; Bunzarov, I.; Burton, T. P.; Butterworth, J.; Caines, H.; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M.; Campbell, J. M.; Cebra, D.; Cendejas, R.; Cervantes, M. C.; Chaloupka, P.; Chang, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, H. F.; Chen, J. H.; Chen, L.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Chikanian, A.; Christie, W.; Chwastowski, J.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Contin, G.; Cramer, J. G.; Crawford, H. J.; Cui, X.; Das, S.; Davila Leyva, A.; De Silva, L. C.; Debbe, R. R.; Dedovich, T. G.; Deng, J.; Derevschikov, A. A.; Derradi de Souza, R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dilks, C.; Ding, F.; Djawotho, P.; Dong, X.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Draper, J. E.; Du, C. M.; Dunkelberger, L. E.; Dunlop, J. C.; Efimov, L. G.; Engelage, J.; Engle, K. S.; Eppley, G.; Eun, L.; Evdokimov, O.; Eyser, O.; Fatemi, R.; Fazio, S.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Fisyak, Y.; Flores, C. E.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Garand, D.; Geurts, F.; Gibson, A.; Girard, M.; Gliske, S.; Greiner, L.; Grosnick, D.; Gunarathne, D. S.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.; Guryn, W.; Haag, B.; Hamed, A.; Han, L.-X.; Haque, R.; Harris, J. W.; Heppelmann, S.; Hirsch, A.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Hofman, D. J.; Horvat, S.; Huang, B.; Huang, H. Z.; Huang, X.; Huck, P.; Humanic, T. J.; Igo, G.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jang, H.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kalinkin, D.; Kang, K.; Kauder, K.; Ke, H. W.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Kesich, A.; Khan, Z. H.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisel, I.; Kisiel, A.; Koetke, D. D.; Kollegger, T.; Konzer, J.; Koralt, I.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Kotchenda, L.; Kraishan, A. F.; Kravtsov, P.; Krueger, K.; Kulakov, I.; Kumar, L.; Kycia, R. A.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Landry, K. D.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednicky, R.; Lee, J. H.; Li, C.; Li, W.; Li, X.; Li, X.; Li, Y.; Li, Z. M.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, F.; Ljubicic, T.; Llope, W. J.; Lomnitz, M.; Longacre, R. S.; Luo, X.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Majka, R.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; McDonald, D.; McShane, T. S.; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Morozov, D. A.; Mustafa, M. K.; Nandi, B. K.; Nasim, Md.; Nayak, T. K.; Nelson, J. M.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Nogach, L. V.; Noh, S. Y.; Novak, J.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Oh, K.; Ohlson, A.; Okorokov, V.; Oldag, E. W.; Olvitt, D. L.; Page, B. S.; Pan, Y. X.; Pandit, Y.; Panebratsev, Y.; Pawlak, T.; Pawlik, B.; Pei, H.; Perkins, C.; Pile, P.; Planinic, M.; Pluta, J.; Poljak, N.; Poniatowska, K.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Pruthi, N. K.; Przybycien, M.; Putschke, J.; Qiu, H.; Quintero, A.; Ramachandran, S.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Ray, R. L.; Riley, C. K.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J. B.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Ross, J. F.; Roy, A.; Ruan, L.; Rusnak, J.; Rusnakova, O.; Sahoo, N. R.; Sahu, P. K.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Sangaline, E.; Sarkar, A.; Schambach, J.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schmah, A. M.; Schmidke, W. B.; Schmitz, N.; Seger, J.; Seyboth, P.; Shah, N.; Shahaliev, E.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Shao, M.; Sharma, B.; Shen, W. Q.; Shi, S. S.; Shou, Q. Y.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Simko, M.; Skoby, M. J.; Smirnov, D.; Smirnov, N.; Solanki, D.; Sorensen, P.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Stevens, J. R.; Stock, R.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Sumbera, M.; Sun, X.; Sun, X. M.; Sun, Y.; Sun, Z.; Surrow, B.; Svirida, D. N.; Symons, T. J. M.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Takahashi, J.; Tang, A. H.; Tang, Z.; Tarnowsky, T.; Thomas, J. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Tlusty, D.; Tokarev, M.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Tribedy, P.; Trzeciak, B. A.; Tsai, O. D.; Turnau, J.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Van Buren, G.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Vandenbroucke, M.; Vanfossen, J. A.; Varma, R.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Vertesi, R.; Videbæk, F.; Viyogi, Y. P.; Vokal, S.; Vossen, A.; Wada, M.; Wang, F.; Wang, G.; Wang, H.; Wang, J. S.; Wang, X. L.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Webb, G.; Webb, J. C.; Westfall, G. D.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Y. F.; Xiao, Z.; Xie, W.; Xin, K.; Xu, H.; Xu, J.; Xu, N.; Xu, Q. H.; Xu, Y.; Xu, Z.; Yan, W.; Yang, C.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Ye, Z.; Yepes, P.; Yi, L.; Yip, K.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yu, N.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zha, W.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhang, J. L.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhao, F.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, X.; Zhu, Y. H.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.; Zyzak, M.; STAR Collaboration

2015-01-01

We present Λ Λ correlation measurements in heavy-ion collisions for Au +Au collisions at √{sN N }=200 GeV using the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. The Lednický-Lyuboshitz analytical model has been used to fit the data to obtain a source size, a scattering length and an effective range. Implications of the measurement of the Λ Λ correlation function and interaction parameters for dihyperon searches are discussed.

Análisis de la evolución de la crisis económica en el sector de la construcción en diferentes países de Europa en un período de 10 años, de 2003 a 2013

OpenAIRE

Rodrigo Martínez, Carlos Víctor

2015-01-01

La presente tesis analiza la evolución de la crisis económica en el sector de la construcción en diferentes países de Europa entre 2003 a 2013. Todos los países analizados pertenecen a la Zona Euro; se han escogido los cuatro países con una economía más fuerte y se ha incluido en la muestra uno de los cuatro países rescatados; el período establecido es suficientemente amplio para poder ver sus diferentes etapas de evolución. La eurozona, denominada oficialmente Zona del Euro, e...

Microstructure evolution of the Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}/Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} joints brazed using Au-Ni-V filler alloys with different V content

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sun, Y. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China); Zhang, J., E-mail: hitzhangjie@hit.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China); Zhang, H.W.; Fan, G.H.; He, Y.M. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China)

2011-08-18

Highlights: > Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} ceramic was brazed using Au-Ni-V filler alloy with different V content. > The microstructure evolution of the joint was study in detail in the paper. > The polygonal Ni{sub 2}SiV{sub 3} and Ni{sub 3}V phase in the joint were investigated by TEM. > The formation of different compounds and alloys in joint was detailed discussed. - Abstract: Au-Ni-V filler alloys with different vanadium contents were designed to braze Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} ceramic at 1373 K for 30 min, and the microstructures of brazing seams were investigated by SEM and TEM. When the Au-Ni-V filler alloy contains 5 at.% V, round-like Ni[Si, V, Au] precipitates form in the Au[Ni] solid solution matrix and a VN reaction layer with 0.5 {mu}m thickness appears on Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} interface. When the V content increases to 10 at.%, a new polygonal Ni{sub 2}SiV{sub 3} phase occurs in the seam, and the Ni[Si, V, Au] precipitate coarsens and VN layer thickens. With increase of V contents to 15 and 20 at.%, laminar Ni[Au] and polygonal Ni{sub 3}V precipitates form. With 25 at.% V content in the filler alloy, the Ni{sub 2}SiV{sub 3} and Ni{sub 3}V precipitates distribute homogenously in the brazing seam. These microstructure evolutions were attributed to the reaction between Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} and vanadium, which forms VN reaction layer and releases Si into the molten alloy.

Measurements of mass-dependent azimuthal anisotropy in central p + Au, d + Au, and 3He + Au collisions at √{sN N}=200 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Adare, A.; Aidala, C.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Akiba, Y.; Alfred, M.; Andrieux, V.; Apadula, N.; Asano, H.; Azmoun, B.; Babintsev, V.; Bagoly, A.; Bai, M.; Bandara, N. S.; Bannier, B.; Barish, K. N.; Bathe, S.; Bazilevsky, A.; Beaumier, M.; Beckman, S.; Belmont, R.; Berdnikov, A.; Berdnikov, Y.; Blau, D. S.; Boer, M.; Bok, J. S.; Boyle, K.; Brooks, M. L.; Bryslawskyj, J.; Bumazhnov, V.; Campbell, S.; Canoa Roman, V.; Cervantes, R.; Chen, C.-H.; Chi, C. Y.; Chiu, M.; Choi, I. J.; Choi, J. B.; Chujo, T.; Citron, Z.; Connors, M.; Cronin, N.; Csanád, M.; Csörgő, T.; Danley, T. W.; Datta, A.; Daugherity, M. S.; David, G.; Deblasio, K.; Dehmelt, K.; Denisov, A.; Deshpande, A.; Desmond, E. J.; Dion, A.; Diss, P. B.; Dixit, D.; Do, J. H.; Drees, A.; Drees, K. A.; Durham, J. M.; Durum, A.; Enokizono, A.; En'yo, H.; Esumi, S.; Fadem, B.; Fan, W.; Feege, N.; Fields, D. E.; Finger, M.; Finger, M.; Fokin, S. L.; Frantz, J. E.; Franz, A.; Frawley, A. D.; Fukuda, Y.; Gal, C.; Gallus, P.; Garg, P.; Ge, H.; Giordano, F.; Glenn, A.; Goto, Y.; Grau, N.; Greene, S. V.; Grosse Perdekamp, M.; Gunji, T.; Guragain, H.; Hachiya, T.; Haggerty, J. S.; Hahn, K. I.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamilton, H. F.; Han, S. Y.; Hanks, J.; Hasegawa, S.; Haseler, T. O. S.; Hashimoto, K.; He, X.; Hemmick, T. K.; Hill, J. C.; Hill, K.; Hodges, A.; Hollis, R. S.; Homma, K.; Hong, B.; Hoshino, T.; Hotvedt, N.; Huang, J.; Huang, S.; Imai, K.; Imrek, J.; Inaba, M.; Iordanova, A.; Isenhower, D.; Ivanishchev, D.; Jacak, B. V.; Jezghani, M.; Ji, Z.; Jia, J.; Jiang, X.; Johnson, B. M.; Jorjadze, V.; Jouan, D.; Jumper, D. S.; Kanda, S.; Kang, J. H.; Kapukchyan, D.; Karthas, S.; Kawall, D.; Kazantsev, A. V.; Key, J. A.; Khachatryan, V.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kim, C.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, E.-J.; Kim, G. W.; Kim, M.; Kim, M. H.; Kimelman, B.; Kincses, D.; Kistenev, E.; Kitamura, R.; Klatsky, J.; Kleinjan, D.; Kline, P.; Koblesky, T.; Komkov, B.; Kotov, D.; Kudo, S.; Kurgyis, B.; Kurita, K.; Kurosawa, M.; Kwon, Y.; Lacey, R.; Lajoie, J. G.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, S.; Lee, S. H.; Leitch, M. J.; Leung, Y. H.; Lewis, N. A.; Li, X.; Li, X.; Lim, S. H.; Liu, M. X.; Loggins, V.-R.; Lökös, S.; Lovasz, K.; Lynch, D.; Majoros, T.; Makdisi, Y. I.; Makek, M.; Manion, A.; Manko, V. I.; Mannel, E.; Masuda, H.; McCumber, M.; McGaughey, P. L.; McGlinchey, D.; McKinney, C.; Meles, A.; Mendoza, M.; Metzger, W. J.; Mignerey, A. C.; Mihalik, D. E.; Milov, A.; Mishra, D. K.; Mitchell, J. T.; Mitsuka, G.; Miyasaka, S.; Mizuno, S.; Mohanty, A. K.; Montuenga, P.; Moon, T.; Morrison, D. P.; Morrow, S. I.; Moukhanova, T. V.; Murakami, T.; Murata, J.; Mwai, A.; Nagai, K.; Nagashima, K.; Nagashima, T.; Nagle, J. L.; Nagy, M. I.; Nakagawa, I.; Nakagomi, H.; Nakano, K.; Nattrass, C.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Niida, T.; Nishimura, S.; Nouicer, R.; Novák, T.; Novitzky, N.; Nyanin, A. S.; O'Brien, E.; Ogilvie, C. A.; Orjuela Koop, J. D.; Osborn, J. D.; Oskarsson, A.; Ottino, G. J.; Ozawa, K.; Pak, R.; Pantuev, V.; Papavassiliou, V.; Park, J. S.; Park, S.; Pate, S. F.; Patel, M.; Peng, J.-C.; Peng, W.; Perepelitsa, D. V.; Perera, G. D. N.; Peressounko, D. Yu.; Perezlara, C. E.; Perry, J.; Petti, R.; Phipps, M.; Pinkenburg, C.; Pinson, R.; Pisani, R. P.; Pun, A.; Purschke, M. L.; Radzevich, P. V.; Rak, J.; Ramson, B. J.; Ravinovich, I.; Read, K. F.; Reynolds, D.; Riabov, V.; Riabov, Y.; Richford, D.; Rinn, T.; Rolnick, S. D.; Rosati, M.; Rowan, Z.; Rubin, J. G.; Runchey, J.; Safonov, A. S.; Sahlmueller, B.; Saito, N.; Sakaguchi, T.; Sako, H.; Samsonov, V.; Sarsour, M.; Sato, K.; Sato, S.; Schaefer, B.; Schmoll, B. K.; Sedgwick, K.; Seidl, R.; Sen, A.; Seto, R.; Sett, P.; Sexton, A.; Sharma, D.; Shein, I.; Shibata, T.-A.; Shigaki, K.; Shimomura, M.; Shioya, T.; Shukla, P.; Sickles, A.; Silva, C. L.; Silvermyr, D.; Singh, B. K.; Singh, C. P.; Singh, V.; Skoby, M. J.; Slunečka, M.; Snowball, M.; Soltz, R. A.; Sondheim, W. E.; Sorensen, S. P.; Sourikova, I. V.; Stankus, P. W.; Stepanov, M.; Stoll, S. P.; Sugitate, T.; Sukhanov, A.; Sumita, T.; Sun, J.; Sziklai, J.; Takeda, A.; Taketani, A.; Tanida, K.; Tannenbaum, M. J.; Tarafdar, S.; Taranenko, A.; Tarnai, G.; Tieulent, R.; Timilsina, A.; Todoroki, T.; Tomášek, M.; Towell, C. L.; Towell, R.; Towell, R. S.; Tserruya, I.; Ueda, Y.; Ujvari, B.; van Hecke, H. W.; Vazquez-Carson, S.; Velkovska, J.; Virius, M.; Vrba, V.; Vukman, N.; Wang, X. R.; Wang, Z.; Watanabe, Y.; Watanabe, Y. S.; Wei, F.; White, A. S.; Wong, C. P.; Woody, C. L.; Wysocki, M.; Xia, B.; Xu, C.; Xu, Q.; Xue, L.; Yalcin, S.; Yamaguchi, Y. L.; Yamamoto, H.; Yanovich, A.; Yin, P.; Yoo, J. H.; Yoon, I.; Yu, H.; Yushmanov, I. E.; Zajc, W. A.; Zelenski, A.; Zharko, S.; Zhou, S.; Zou, L.; Phenix Collaboration

2018-06-01

We present measurements of the transverse-momentum dependence of elliptic flow v2 for identified pions and (anti)protons at midrapidity (|η |<0.35 ), in 0%-5% central p +Au and 3He+Au collisions at √{sNN}=200 GeV. When taken together with previously published measurements in d +Au collisions at √{sNN}=200 GeV, the results cover a broad range of small-collision-system multiplicities and intrinsic initial geometries. We observe a clear mass-dependent splitting of v2(pT) in d +Au and 3He+Au collisions, just as in large nucleus-nucleus (A +A ) collisions, and a smaller splitting in p +Au collisions. Both hydrodynamic and transport model calculations successfully describe the data at low pT (<1.5 GeV /c ), but fail to describe various features at higher pT. In all systems, the v2 values follow an approximate quark-number scaling as a function of the hadron transverse kinetic energy per constituent quark (K ET/nq ), which was also seen previously in A +A collisions.

Urbanización y sistema de asentamientos en los países menos urbanizados de América Latina y El Caribe

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Egea Jiménez, Carmen

2003-06-01

Full Text Available The main objective of this report is to analyse the population distribution, urbanization process and settlement system of less urbanized Latin American and Caribbean countries. The first thing, and as so an introduction, it explains the urbanization process of the whole region in the world-wide context from 1955 to 2025, thus as a populational evolution tipology of all Latin American countries from 1950 to current census. The third part, the more extensive one, is about the poblacional problem of less urbanized countries of the region in two periods: 1970-1975 and 1990-1995.

[es] Urbanización y sistema de asentamientos en los países menos urbanizados de América Latina y el Caribe. El objetivo prioritario de este artículo es analizar la distribución de la población, proceso de urbanización y sistema de asentamientos de los países menos urbanizados de América Latina y el Caribe, si bien en principio, y con carácter introductorio, se expone el proceso de urbanización del conjunto regional en el contexto mundial desde 1995 hasta el 2025, así como una tipología evolutiva poblacional de todos los países latinoamericanos desde 1950 hasta el censo actual. La tercera parte, la más amplia, centra ya la atención en la problemática poblacional de los países menos urbanizados de la región en dos períodos: 1970-1975 y 1990-1995. [fr] Urbanization et l´habitat des pays moins urbanises de l´Amérique Latine et le Caraïbe. L'objectif principal de cet article c'est l'analyse de la distribution de la population, le procès d'urbanisation et l'habitat des pays moins urbanises de l'Amérique Latine et le Caraïbe, bien qu'en principe, et de manière introductive, on expose le procès d'urbanisation de l'ensemble régionale dans le contexte mondiale après 1995 jusqu'à 2025, même qu'une typologie évolutive populationale de tous les pays latino-américains après 1950 jusqu'à recensement actuel. La troisième parte, la

Density functional study of the stability and magnetic behaviour of Au{sub n}TM{sup +} clusters (TM=Au,Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe; 1{<=}n{<=}9)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Torres, M.B. [Dpto. de Matematicas y Computacion, Univ. de Burgos, Avda. de Cantabria s/n, 09006-Burgos (Spain); Fernandez, E.M.; Balbas, L.C. [Dpto. de Fisica Teorica, Univ. de Valladolid, Prado de la Magdalena s/n, 47011-Valladolid (Spain)

2005-03-01

We study the element- and size-dependent electron stability of Au{sub n}TM{sup +} clusters (TM=Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Au; 1{<=}n{<=}9) by means of first-principles density functional calculations. The interplay between the cluster atomic arrangements and their electronic and magnetic structure is investigated for the few lower energy isomeric-states in dependence of the TM-atom and its environment in the cluster. We explain the experimental magic-numbers, observed recently, as well as the trend of the impurity local magnetic moment in dependence with the size of the cluster and the position of the impurity in the host. (copyright 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Perfil de mercado de la Unión Europea y los países de la EFTA

OpenAIRE

Casadiego, Vanessa; Villegas, Melissa; Beltrán, Paula Daniela

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo de grado busca evaluar el perfil del mercado de la Unión Europea y los países de la EFTA para identificar las oportunidades comerciales de Colombia, más específicamente en los siguientes países: Suiza, Noruega, Liechtenstein, Islandia, Republica Checa, Rumania y Suecia. A través de esta investigación se realizó un análisis de los 25 productos más exportados de Colombia a cada uno de los países estudiados, tomando en cuenta sus códigos arancelarios. Adicionalmente, se e...

Colaboración científica entre países de la región latinoamericana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Russell, Jane M.

2007-06-01

Full Text Available An analysis of the scientific collaboration among Latin American countries registered between 1975 and 2004 in the Science Citation Index database, Web of Science online version, revealed a steady increase in the number of publications, more marked in the last decade, as well as in the percentages that these represent in the total number of publications authored by regional scientists. Differences were found between countries in the magnitude of these increases, the smaller countries showing the highest levels of collaboration, especially with respect to those publications also involving scientists from institutions outside the Latin American region. The most common subject areas of intra-regional collaboration were Biology, Health, Physics, and Chemistry. Participating institutions from outside the region in intra-regional co-authorship were most commonly European (40% of cases and North American (38%. The impact of papers as measured by a normalized h-index, involving scientists from outside the region was greater than that found for all intra-regional publications. The dominant bilateral regional collaboration was between Brazil and Argentina which in recent years has focused on topics in the Health Sciences and Astronomy. A detailed analysis of Physics papers showed that institutions from Brazil and Argentina are the most productive in intra-regional collaborations and Condensed Matter, the most studied subject.

Un análisis de la colaboración científica entre los países de América Latina a través de documentos registrados de 1975-2004 en el Science Citation Index versión Web of Science, revela un aumento paulatino en el número total de trabajos principalmente en la última década, así como en los porcentajes de éstos del total de publicaciones registradas por la región. La magnitud de estos aumentos varía; los países más pequeños mostraron los niveles más altos de colaboración, en especial

Alianzas estratégicas entre empresas de países en vías de desarrollo y empresas de países desarrollados: ¿Propician la internacionalización?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Federico Quesada Chaves

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Las alianzas estratégicas o Joint Ventures entre empresas de países en vías de desarrollo y empresas de países desarrollados, constituyen un tema poco investigado en la literatura de la Dirección de Empresas. Sólo un documento se ha encargado de estudiar este tipo de alianzas (Hitt, Levitas, Arregle y Borza, 2000. En él se destaca la búsqueda de recursos tecnológicos y financieros, como el principal incentivo para buscar estas alianzas en las empresas de países en vías de desarrollo. A continuación se proporciona un estado del arte sobre el tema, y además se resalta la importancia que puede tener este tópico en las estrategias de internacionalización de pequeñas y medianas empresas.

Film thickness degradation of Au/GaN Schottky contact characteristics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, K.; Wang, R.X.; Fung, S.; Beling, C.D.; Chen, X.D.; Huang, Y.; Li, S.; Xu, S.J.; Gong, M.

2005-01-01

Electrical characteristics of Au/n-GaN Schottky contacts with different Au film thicknesses up to 1300 A, have been investigated using current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) techniques. Results show a steady decrease in the quality of the Schottky diodes for increasing Au film thickness. I-V measurements indicate that thin ( 500 A). Depth profiling Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) shows that the width of the Au/GaN junction interface increases with increasing Au thickness, suggesting considerable inter-mixing of Au, Ga and N. The results have been interpreted in terms of Ga out-diffusion from the GaN giving rise to gallium vacancies that in turn act as sites for electron-hole pair generation within the depletion region. The study supports the recent suggestion that gallium vacancies associated with threaded dislocations are playing an important role in junction breakdown

Propiedades estructurales y magnéticas de nanopartículas de Co2Au10

OpenAIRE

García Mayo, Sara

2017-01-01

Hemos llevado a cabo una búsqueda del estado fundamental de la nanoaleación Co2Au10, que hemos comprobado que puede ser vista como un dímero de Co recubierto por diez átomos de Au, con vistas a encontrar un bit magnético estable en el límite de la miniaturización, y hemos estudiado sus propiedades estructurales y magnéticas desde una aproximación relativista escalar. Los cálculos se han realizado empleando el código VASP (Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package), que es una impleme...

Texture variations and atomic dislocations by Ar-irradiation in Au and NbN sputtered layers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jung, V.

1988-02-01

Irradiation of Au and NbN sputtered layers with Ar ++ ions of 600 keV leads to a narrower orientation distribution of the [111] direction of the Au layers from 12 0 FWHM to 6 0 and to only very small FWHM changes in texture distributions of the NbN layers. But the FWHM of the reflex distribution of the irradiated NbN layers is increased significantly from ΔΘ = 0.65 0 to 1.17 0 for one sample position. This is caused by small atomic dislocations in the NbN lattice. The FWHM of reflex distribution of the Au layers increased only from ΔΘ = 0.60 0 to 0.65 0 after irradiation. Oblique incidence of Ar ++ ions causes, by absence of channeling, stronger distortions than perpendicular incidence. (orig.) [de

Effect Of Storage And Disinfection Methods Of Extracted Bovine Teeth On Bond Strength To Dentin

OpenAIRE

Humel M.M.C.; Oliveira M.T.; Cavalli V.; Giannini M.

2007-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage and disinfection methods (SDM) on bond strength (BS) to bovine dentin, using two adhesive systems. Adper Single Bond and Clearfil Protect Bond. Method: Extracted bovine teeth were assigned to the following SDM: 100% Humidity (HU); Gamma Radiation (GR); Autoclave (AU): 0.10g/mL Thymol (TH); 10% Formatin (FO); Frozen (FR); 0.2% Sodium Azide (SA) and 0.5% Chloramine T (CT) (n=10). The GR and AU groups were submitted to sterilization met...

ARTICULACIÓN INTERNACIONAL DE PAÍSES Y DESARROLLO: LATINOAMÉRICA Y SU CONTRASTE CON OTRAS NACIONES

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Giovanni E. Reyes

2012-07-01

Full Text Available El principal objetivo de este artículo es establecer una discusión sobre las condicionantes que ha conllevado la inserción internacional de los países. Se hace énfasis en la región latinoamericana. Este aspecto de la inserción internacional se presenta asociado a los componentes teóricos del desarrollo. Un desarrollo que se concibe como equitativo en lo social, sostenible en lo económico y sustentable en lo ecológico. El argumento central de este trabajo es que la inserción internacional de los países permite distinguir entre aquellos que han logrado conformar procesos de autonomía y los que han generado inserciones dependientes. Entre estos últimos –donde se ubican los latinoamericanos- se pueden distinguir países que son sociedades más funcionales, de aquellos cuya disfuncionalidad social es muy evidente. La referencia conceptual fundamental se basa por lo general, en los postulados que sobre desarrollo humano ha elaborado la Organización de Naciones Unidas, desde la publicación del primer Informe Mundial de Desarrollo en 1992.

Carbon monoxide oxidation on bimetallic Ru/Au(111 surfaces

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ROLF-JÜRGEN BEHM

2001-02-01

Full Text Available The electrochemical deposition of Ru on Au(111 was performed in 0.5 M H2SO4+10-4 M RuCl3 . The obtained bimetallic Ru/Au(111 surfaces were character-ised by cyclic voltammetry and in situ STM in 0.5 MH2SO4. The Ru deposit consists of nanoscale islands, which merge with increasing coverage. Two different types of bimetallic Ru/Au(111 surfaces with respect to the distribution of Ru islands over the Au(111 substrate surface were obtained. When the deposition was performed at potentials more positive than the range of Au(111 reconstruction, homogeneous nucleation occured resulting in a random distribution of Ru islands. When the deposition was performed on reconstructed Au(111 at low overpotentials, selective nucleation occured resulting in the replication of the Au(111 reconstruction. Only at higher deposition overpotentials, can multilayer deposits be formed, which exhibit a very rough surface morphology. The electrocatalytic activity of such structurally well defined Ru/Au(111 bimetallic surfaces was studied towards CO oxidation with the Ru coverage ranging from submonolayer to several monolayer. COstripping commences at about 0.2 Vand occurs over a broad potential range. The observed influence of the Ru structure on the CO stripping voltammetry is explained by local variations in the COadsorption energy, caused by differences in the local Ru structure and by effects induced by the Au(111 substrate.

Chemical and electrical characteristics of annealed Ni/Au and Ni/Ir/Au contacts on AlGaN

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ngoepe, P.N.M., E-mail: phuti.ngoepe@up.ac.za [Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028 (South Africa); Meyer, W.E.; Auret, F.D.; Omotoso, E.; Diale, M. [Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028 (South Africa); Swart, H.C.; Duvenhage, M.M.; Coetsee, E. [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300 (South Africa)

2016-01-01

The evolution of Ni/Au and Ni/Ir/Au metal contacts deposited on AlGaN was investigated at different annealing temperatures. The samples were studied with electrical and chemical composition techniques. I–V characteristics of the Schottky diodes were optimum after 500 and 600 °C annealing for Ni/Au and Ni/Ir/Au based diodes, respectively. The depth profiles of the contacts were measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy. These chemical composition techniques were used to examine the evolution of the metal contacts in order to verify the influence the metals have on the electrical properties of the diodes. The insertion of Ir as a diffusion barrier between Ni and Au effected the electrical properties, improving the stability of the contacts at high temperatures. Gold diffused into the AlGaN film, degrading the electrical properties of the Ni/Au diode. At 500 °C, the insertion of Ir, however, prevented the in-diffusion of Au into the AlGaN substrate.

Single electron yields from semileptonic charm and bottom hadron decays in Au +Au collisions at √{sN N}=200 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Adare, A.; Aidala, C.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Akiba, Y.; Akimoto, R.; Alexander, J.; Alfred, M.; Aoki, K.; Apadula, N.; Aramaki, Y.; Asano, H.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Atomssa, E. T.; Awes, T. C.; Azmoun, B.; Babintsev, V.; Bai, M.; Bandara, N. S.; Bannier, B.; Barish, K. N.; Bassalleck, B.; Bathe, S.; Baublis, V.; Baumgart, S.; Bazilevsky, A.; Beaumier, M.; Beckman, S.; Belmont, R.; Berdnikov, A.; Berdnikov, Y.; Black, D.; Blau, D. S.; Bok, J. S.; Boyle, K.; Brooks, M. L.; Bryslawskyj, J.; Buesching, H.; Bumazhnov, V.; Butsyk, S.; Campbell, S.; Chen, C.-H.; Chi, C. Y.; Chiu, M.; Choi, I. J.; Choi, J. B.; Choi, S.; Choudhury, R. K.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Chvala, O.; Cianciolo, V.; Citron, Z.; Cole, B. A.; Connors, M.; Cronin, N.; Crossette, N.; Csanád, M.; Csörgő, T.; Dairaku, S.; Danley, T. W.; Datta, A.; Daugherity, M. S.; David, G.; Deblasio, K.; Dehmelt, K.; Denisov, A.; Deshpande, A.; Desmond, E. J.; Dietzsch, O.; Ding, L.; Dion, A.; Diss, P. B.; Do, J. H.; Donadelli, M.; D'Orazio, L.; Drapier, O.; Drees, A.; Drees, K. A.; Durham, J. M.; Durum, A.; Edwards, S.; Efremenko, Y. V.; Engelmore, T.; Enokizono, A.; Esumi, S.; Eyser, K. O.; Fadem, B.; Feege, N.; Fields, D. E.; Finger, M.; Finger, M.; Fleuret, F.; Fokin, S. L.; Frantz, J. E.; Franz, A.; Frawley, A. D.; Fukao, Y.; Fusayasu, T.; Gainey, K.; Gal, C.; Gallus, P.; Garg, P.; Garishvili, A.; Garishvili, I.; Ge, H.; Giordano, F.; Glenn, A.; Gong, X.; Gonin, M.; Goto, Y.; Granier de Cassagnac, R.; Grau, N.; Greene, S. V.; Grosse Perdekamp, M.; Gu, Y.; Gunji, T.; Hachiya, T.; Haggerty, J. S.; Hahn, K. I.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamilton, H. F.; Han, S. Y.; Hanks, J.; Hasegawa, S.; Haseler, T. O. S.; Hashimoto, K.; Hayano, R.; Hayashi, S.; He, X.; Hemmick, T. K.; Hester, T.; Hill, J. C.; Hollis, R. S.; Homma, K.; Hong, B.; Horaguchi, T.; Hoshino, T.; Hotvedt, N.; Huang, J.; Huang, S.; Ichihara, T.; Iinuma, H.; Ikeda, Y.; Imai, K.; Imazu, Y.; Imrek, J.; Inaba, M.; Iordanova, A.; Isenhower, D.; Isinhue, A.; Ivanishchev, D.; Jacak, B. V.; Javani, M.; Jezghani, M.; Jia, J.; Jiang, X.; Johnson, B. M.; Joo, K. S.; Jouan, D.; Jumper, D. S.; Kamin, J.; Kanda, S.; Kang, B. H.; Kang, J. H.; Kang, J. S.; Kapustinsky, J.; Karatsu, K.; Kawall, D.; Kazantsev, A. V.; Kempel, T.; Key, J. A.; Khachatryan, V.; Khandai, P. K.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kijima, K. M.; Kim, B. I.; Kim, C.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, E.-J.; Kim, G. W.; Kim, M.; Kim, Y.-J.; Kim, Y. K.; Kimelman, B.; Kinney, E.; Kistenev, E.; Kitamura, R.; Klatsky, J.; Kleinjan, D.; Kline, P.; Koblesky, T.; Komkov, B.; Koster, J.; Kotchetkov, D.; Kotov, D.; Krizek, F.; Kurita, K.; Kurosawa, M.; Kwon, Y.; Kyle, G. S.; Lacey, R.; Lai, Y. S.; Lajoie, J. G.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, D. M.; Lee, J.; Lee, K. B.; Lee, K. S.; Lee, S.; Lee, S. H.; Lee, S. R.; Leitch, M. J.; Leite, M. A. L.; Leitgab, M.; Lewis, B.; Li, X.; Lim, S. H.; Linden Levy, L. A.; Liu, M. X.; Lynch, D.; Maguire, C. F.; Makdisi, Y. I.; Makek, M.; Manion, A.; Manko, V. I.; Mannel, E.; Maruyama, T.; McCumber, M.; McGaughey, P. L.; McGlinchey, D.; McKinney, C.; Meles, A.; Mendoza, M.; Meredith, B.; Miake, Y.; Mibe, T.; Midori, J.; Mignerey, A. C.; Milov, A.; Mishra, D. K.; Mitchell, J. T.; Miyasaka, S.; Mizuno, S.; Mohanty, A. K.; Mohapatra, S.; Montuenga, P.; Moon, H. J.; Moon, T.; Morrison, D. P.; Moskowitz, M.; Moukhanova, T. V.; Murakami, T.; Murata, J.; Mwai, A.; Nagae, T.; Nagamiya, S.; Nagashima, K.; Nagle, J. L.; Nagy, M. I.; Nakagawa, I.; Nakagomi, H.; Nakamiya, Y.; Nakamura, K. R.; Nakamura, T.; Nakano, K.; Nattrass, C.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Nihashi, M.; Niida, T.; Nishimura, S.; Nouicer, R.; Novák, T.; Novitzky, N.; Nukariya, A.; Nyanin, A. S.; Obayashi, H.; O'Brien, E.; Ogilvie, C. A.; Okada, K.; Orjuela Koop, J. D.; Osborn, J. D.; Oskarsson, A.; Ozawa, K.; Pak, R.; Pantuev, V.; Papavassiliou, V.; Park, I. H.; Park, J. S.; Park, S.; Park, S. K.; Pate, S. F.; Patel, L.; Patel, M.; Pei, H.; Peng, J.-C.; Perepelitsa, D. V.; Perera, G. D. N.; Peressounko, D. Yu.; Perry, J.; Petti, R.; Pinkenburg, C.; Pinson, R.; Pisani, R. P.; Purschke, M. L.; Qu, H.; Rak, J.; Ramson, B. J.; Ravinovich, I.; Read, K. F.; Reynolds, D.; Riabov, V.; Riabov, Y.; Richardson, E.; Rinn, T.; Riveli, N.; Roach, D.; Roche, G.; Rolnick, S. D.; Rosati, M.; Rowan, Z.; Rubin, J. G.; Ryu, M. S.; Sahlmueller, B.; Saito, N.; Sakaguchi, T.; Sako, H.; Samsonov, V.; Sarsour, M.; Sato, S.; Sawada, S.; Schaefer, B.; Schmoll, B. K.; Sedgwick, K.; Seidl, R.; Sen, A.; Seto, R.; Sett, P.; Sexton, A.; Sharma, D.; Shein, I.; Shibata, T.-A.; Shigaki, K.; Shimomura, M.; Shoji, K.; Shukla, P.; Sickles, A.; Silva, C. L.; Silvermyr, D.; Sim, K. S.; Singh, B. K.; Singh, C. P.; Singh, V.; Skolnik, M.; Slunečka, M.; Snowball, M.; Solano, S.; Soltz, R. A.; Sondheim, W. E.; Sorensen, S. P.; Sourikova, I. V.; Stankus, P. W.; Steinberg, P.; Stenlund, E.; Stepanov, M.; Ster, A.; Stoll, S. P.; Sugitate, T.; Sukhanov, A.; Sumita, T.; Sun, J.; Sziklai, J.; Takagui, E. M.; Takahara, A.; Taketani, A.; Tanaka, Y.; Taneja, S.; Tanida, K.; Tannenbaum, M. J.; Tarafdar, S.; Taranenko, A.; Tennant, E.; Tieulent, R.; Timilsina, A.; Todoroki, T.; Tomášek, M.; Torii, H.; Towell, C. L.; Towell, R.; Towell, R. S.; Tserruya, I.; Tsuchimoto, Y.; Vale, C.; van Hecke, H. W.; Vargyas, M.; Vazquez-Zambrano, E.; Veicht, A.; Velkovska, J.; Vértesi, R.; Virius, M.; Voas, B.; Vrba, V.; Vznuzdaev, E.; Wang, X. R.; Watanabe, D.; Watanabe, K.; Watanabe, Y.; Watanabe, Y. S.; Wei, F.; Whitaker, S.; White, A. S.; White, S. N.; Winter, D.; Wolin, S.; Woody, C. L.; Wysocki, M.; Xia, B.; Xue, L.; Yalcin, S.; Yamaguchi, Y. L.; Yanovich, A.; Ying, J.; Yokkaichi, S.; Yoo, J. H.; Yoon, I.; You, Z.; Younus, I.; Yu, H.; Yushmanov, I. E.; Zajc, W. A.; Zelenski, A.; Zhou, S.; Zou, L.; Phenix Collaboration

2016-03-01

The PHENIX Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured open heavy flavor production in minimum bias Au +Au collisions at √{sN N}=200 GeV via the yields of electrons from semileptonic decays of charm and bottom hadrons. Previous heavy flavor electron measurements indicated substantial modification in the momentum distribution of the parent heavy quarks owing to the quark-gluon plasma created in these collisions. For the first time, using the PHENIX silicon vertex detector to measure precision displaced tracking, the relative contributions from charm and bottom hadrons to these electrons as a function of transverse momentum are measured in Au +Au collisions. We compare the fraction of electrons from bottom hadrons to previously published results extracted from electron-hadron correlations in p +p collisions at √{sN N}=200 GeV and find the fractions to be similar within the large uncertainties on both measurements for pT>4 GeV/c . We use the bottom electron fractions in Au +Au and p +p along with the previously measured heavy flavor electron RA A to calculate the RA A for electrons from charm and bottom hadron decays separately. We find that electrons from bottom hadron decays are less suppressed than those from charm for the region 3

Effect of annealing temperature on electrical properties of Au/polyvinyl alcohol/n-InP Schottky barrier structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reddy, V. Rajagopal; Reddy, M. Siva Pratap; Kumar, A. Ashok; Choi, Chel-Jong

2012-01-01

In the present work, thin film of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is fabricated on n-type InP substrate as an interfacial layer for electronic modification of Au/n-InP Schottky contact. The electrical characteristics of Au/PVA/n-InP Schottky diode are determined at annealing temperature in the range of 100–300 °C by current–voltage (I-V) and capacitance–voltage (C-V) methods. The Schottky barrier height and ideality factor (n) values of the as-deposited Au/PVA/n-InP diode are obtained at room temperature as 0.66 eV (I-V), 0.82 eV (C-V) and 1.32, respectively. Upon annealing at 200 °C in nitrogen atmosphere for 1 min, the barrier height value increases to 0.81 eV (I-V), 0.99 eV (C-V) and ideality factor decreases to 1.18. When the contact is annealed at 300 °C, the barrier height value decreases to 0.77 eV (I-V), 0.96 eV (C-V) and ideality factor increases to 1.22. It is observed that the interfacial layer of PVA increases the barrier height by the influence of the space charge region of the Au/n-InP Schottky junction. The discrepancy between Schottky barrier heights calculated from I-V and C-V measurements is also explained. Further, Cheung's functions are used to extract the series resistance of Au/PVA/n-InP Schottky diode. The interface state density as determined by Terman's method is found to be 1.04 × 10 12 and 0.59 × 10 12 cm −2 eV −1 for the as-deposited and 200 °C annealed Au/PVA/n-InP Schottky diodes. Finally, it is seen that the Schottky diode parameters changed with increase in the annealing temperature. - Highlights: ► Electrical properties of Au/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/n-InP structure have been studied. ► The Au/PVA/n-InP Schottky structure showed a good rectifying behavior. ► A maximum barrier height is obtained when the contact is annealed at 200 °C. ► Interface state density found to be 0.59 × 10 12 cm −2 eV −1 for 200 °C annealed contact. ► Significant effect of interface state density and series resistance on electrical

Facteurs de risque de mortalité chez les nouveaux-nés transférés au service de néonatologie de l'Hôpital Jason Sendwe de Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo

Science.gov (United States)

Katamea, Tina; Mukuku, Olivier; Kamona, Lewis; Mukelenge, Kethye; Mbula, Otikeke; Baledi, Lambert; Ntambwe, Emile; Mutombo, Augustin Mulangu; Wembonyama, Stanis Okitotsho; Luboya, Oscar Numbi

2014-01-01

Introduction La mortalité néonatale reste préoccupante dans notre milieu et plusieurs facteurs dont ceux liés à l'organisation du transfert de nouveau-nés au niveau des structures de prise en charge y contribuent. Les objectifs de notre étude sont de déterminer la fréquence du transfert néonatal extrahospitalier à l'unité de néonatologie et identifier les facteurs de risque de mortalité dans notre milieu. Méthodes Il s'agit d'une étude prospective et analytique menée sur une période de douze mois allant du 1er Janvier 2012 au 31 décembre 2012 ayant ciblé tous les nouveau-nés transférés des maternités extérieurs, traités et suivis dans le service de néonatologie de l'hôpital Sendwe. Les caractéristiques maternelles (âge, parité, état-civil, profession, niveau d’étude, antécédents médicaux et toxicologiques) et perpartales (âge gestationnel, état de la poche des eaux, voie d'accouchement) et néonataux (âge lors du transfert, sexe, poids de naissance, moyen de transfert, motif de transfert et évolution (guérison ou décès)) ont été étudiés. La saisie et l'analyse des données ont été faites sur le logiciel Epi Info 2011 (version 7.0.8.3) et le seuil de signification de 5%. Résultats La fréquence du transfert néonatal extrahospitalier est de 12,9%. La mortalité était significativement liée à la profession (vendeuse ou travailleuse) de la mère (OR = 7,43 (1,38-39,97)), au niveau d’étude élevé (OR = 4,22 (1,18-15,10)), à l’âge gestationnel sexe masculin du nouveau-né (OR=2,43 (1,08-5,46)), au poids de naissance <1500 grammes (OR=15,3 (5,73-40,78)) et à la prématurité comme motif de transfert (OR=5,56 (1,47-20,98)). Conclusion Le bilan de la mortalité néonatale est lourd dans les pays en développement où les nouveau-nés continuent de mourir pour des causes souvent évitables. La réduction de la morbidité et la mortalité néonatales passe par une amélioration du système de référence des

76 FR 66043 - Membership of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration's Performance Review...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-25

... Human Resources Operations Center (DOCHROC), Office of Staffing, Recruitment, and Classification..., Career SES. Karl B. Nebbia, Associate Administrator for Spectrum Management, Career SES. Alan W. Vincent... Commerce Human Resources Operations Center. [FR Doc. 2011-27486 Filed 10-24-11; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 3510...

Utilisation de la radiographie de l’abdomen sans préparation au service des urgences de l’Hôpital Général de Douala : étude rétrospective.

OpenAIRE

Essomba AC; Essola B; Sende C; Ngatchou W; Sone W; M. Sone; Ebana Mvogo

2013-01-01

Malgré ses limitations en termes de sensibilité et de spécificité, la radiographie sans préparation (ASP) reste un examen largement prescrit dans un service d’urgence. Le but de l’étude est d’analyser l’état actuel de la prescription de cet examen au service des urgences de l’hôpital général de Douala (Cameroun) Méthode et matériel : À partir d’une série de 391 ASP consécutifs prescrits au service des urgences entre juillet 2007 et juillet 2009, les dossiers de patients de plus de 18an...

In situ ion channeling study of gallium disorder and gold profiles in Au-implanted GaN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jiang, W.; Weber, W. J.; Thevuthasan, S.

2000-01-01

Disorder accumulation and annealing behavior on the Ga sublattice in gallium nitride (GaN) implanted with 1.0 MeV Au 2+ (60 degree sign off surface normal) at 180 or 300 K have been studied using in situ Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in a -channeling geometry. Complete amorphization in GaN is attained at 6.0 and 20 Au 2+ /nm 2 for irradiation at 180 and 300 K, respectively. A saturation in the Ga disorder at and behind the damage peak was observed at intermediate ion fluences at both 180 and 300 K. No measurable thermal recovery was found at 300 K for the full range of damage produced at 180 K. However, distinct epitaxial regrowth in the bulk and Ga reordering at surface occurred after annealing at 870 K. The implanted Au readily diffuses into the highly damaged regions at elevated temperatures, and the redistribution of the Au atoms in the implanted GaN varies with the damage profiles. A double-peak Au profile developed with the maxima located in the amorphous surface region and near the Au mean projected range. The result is interpreted as Au atom diffusion into the amorphous regime near the surface and Au trapping at irradiation-induced defects in the crystal structure. This trapping effect is also evidenced in this study by the suppressed recovery of the Au-decorated disorder in GaN. (c) 2000 American Institute of Physics

2018-05-02T21:46:10Z https://www.ajol.info/index.php/all/oai oai:ojs ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

article/81741 2018-05-02T21:46:10Z stss:ART Consommation des psychotropes en milieu scolaire, au Burkina Faso : Prévalences et facteurs de risque Nikiéma, L Kouanda, S Seck, I Tiendrebéogo, S Ouédraogo, HG Yaméogo, M Méda, ...

Optimisation of the Ti/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contact on AlGaN/GaN FET structures

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jacobs, B.; Krämer, M.C.J.C.M.; Geluk, E.J.; Karouta, F.

2002-01-01

We present a systematic approach to reduce the resistance of ohmic contacts on AlGaN/GaN FET structures. We have optimised the Ti/Al/Ni/Au contact with respect to the metal composition and annealing conditions. Our optimised contact has a very low contact resistance of 0.2 ohm mm (7.3 x 10^-7 ohm

75 FR 35652 - Safety Zone; Fourth of July Fireworks, City of Vallejo, Vallejo, CA

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-23

... located on Mare Island adjacent to the dry docks in position 38[deg]05'54.83'' N. 122[deg]16'01.69'' W... Local Notice to Mariners. If the Captain of the Port determines that the regulated area need not be.... Coast Guard, Captain of the Port, Sector San Francisco. [FR Doc. 2010-15199 Filed 6-22-10; 8:45 am...

2018-05-05T10:34:30Z https://www.ajol.info/index.php/all/oai oai:ojs ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

article/11400 2018-05-05T10:34:30Z njcp:ART AIDS-associated Kaposi\\'s Sarcoma in Sokoto, Nigeria. Mbah, N Abdulkareem, IH Panti, A Kaposi\\'s sarcoma, Prevalence, Northwestern Nigeria, HIV/AIDS. Background: Since the advent of the ...

Annealing effects on structural and electrical properties of Ru/Au on n-GaN Schottky contacts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reddy, V. Rajagopal; Rao, P. Koteswara; Ramesh, C.K.

2007-01-01

Thermal annealing effects on electrical and structural properties of Ru/Au Schottky contact to n-type GaN (n d = 4.07 x 10 17 cm -3 ) have been investigated using current-voltage (I-V), capacitance-voltage (C-V), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Schottky barrier height of the as-deposited sample was found to be 0.75 eV (I-V) and 0.93 eV (C-V), respectively. It is noted that the barrier height increased when the contact was annealed at 300 deg. C and slightly decreased upon annealing at temperatures of 400 deg. C and 500 deg. C. The extracted Schottky barrier heights are 0.99 eV (I-V), 1.34 eV (C-V) for 300 deg. C, 0.88 eV (I-V), 1.20 eV (C-V) for 400 deg. C and 0.72 eV (I-V), 1.08 eV (C-V) for 500 deg. C annealed contacts, respectively. Further it is observed that annealing results in the improvement of electrical properties of Ru/Au Schottky contacts. Based on Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies, the formation of gallide phases at the Ru/Au/n-GaN interface could be the reason for the improvement of electrical characteristics upon annealing at elevated temperatures

Hommage

CERN Multimedia

Hommage

2016-01-01

Christian Roy nous a quitté le 31 janvier dernier. Il avait 79 ans. Sa disparition a profondément touché tous ceux, très nombreux, qui l’ont côtoyé et fréquenté au cours de sa très longue carrière au CERN. Ses proches collègues et ses chefs connaissaient bien ses qualités professionnelles et son extrême dévouement au service de l’Organisation. Mais c’est à ses qualités d’homme que nous pensons aujourd’hui, celles qu'il a mises au service de l’Association. En effet, Christian Roy a fait partie du petit nombre de délégués du personnel qui, pendant de longues années, ont sacrifié une part importante de leur temps de loisir et de leur vie familiale pour travailler à l’amélioration des co...

¿Cómo afecta la globalización de los mercados el medio ambiente de los países en desarrollo?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Klaus Georg Binder

2000-12-01

Full Text Available La globalización de los mercados lleva a un cambio radical de las formas del mercado, de las estructuras económicas Ínter e intrasectoriales, del tamaño de las empresas, así como de las estructuras de propiedad en el campo empresarial. Igualmente, se generan diferentes exigencias para las empresas y los productos a medida que la competencia internacional se intensifica. La globalización de los mercados también implica forzar una distribución internacional del empleo. A los países en desarrollo se les abren más posibilidades de crecimiento. ¿Son estos efectos positivos o negativos para el estado ambiental de los países en desarrollo? Los cambios originados por la globalización de los mercados podrían repercutir de manera positiva en el estado del medio ambiente en los paises en desarrollo. Sin embargo, un requisito muy importante para que ese sea el resultado, es que no solamente los países desarrollados sino también los países en desarrollo pongan en práctica una política ambiental razonable.

Elliptic flow of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays in Au + Au collisions at √{sN N}=200 , 62.4, and 39 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Alekseev, I.; Anderson, D. M.; Aoyama, R.; Aparin, A.; Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Ashraf, M. U.; Attri, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bai, X.; Bairathi, V.; Behera, A.; Bellwied, R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bhattarai, P.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bland, L. C.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Bouchet, J.; Brandenburg, J. D.; Brandin, A. V.; Brown, D.; Bunzarov, I.; Butterworth, J.; Caines, H.; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M.; Campbell, J. M.; Cebra, D.; Chakaberia, I.; Chaloupka, P.; Chang, Z.; Chankova-Bunzarova, N.; Chatterjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, X.; Chen, J. H.; Chen, X.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Christie, W.; Contin, G.; Crawford, H. J.; Das, S.; De Silva, L. C.; Debbe, R. R.; Dedovich, T. G.; Deng, J.; Derevschikov, A. A.; Didenko, L.; Dilks, C.; Dong, X.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Draper, J. E.; Dunkelberger, L. E.; Dunlop, J. C.; Efimov, L. G.; Elsey, N.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Esha, R.; Esumi, S.; Evdokimov, O.; Ewigleben, J.; Eyser, O.; Fatemi, R.; Fazio, S.; Federic, P.; Federicova, P.; Fedorisin, J.; Feng, Z.; Filip, P.; Finch, E.; Fisyak, Y.; Flores, C. E.; Fulek, L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Garand, D.; Geurts, F.; Gibson, A.; Girard, M.; Grosnick, D.; Gunarathne, D. S.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, S.; Gupta, A.; Guryn, W.; Hamad, A. I.; Hamed, A.; Harlenderova, A.; Harris, J. W.; He, L.; Heppelmann, S.; Heppelmann, S.; Hirsch, A.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Horvat, S.; Huang, H. Z.; Huang, X.; Huang, B.; Huang, T.; Humanic, T. J.; Huo, P.; Igo, G.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jentsch, A.; Jia, J.; Jiang, K.; Jowzaee, S.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kalinkin, D.; Kang, K.; Kauder, K.; Ke, H. W.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Khan, Z.; Kikoła, D. P.; Kisel, I.; Kisiel, A.; Kochenda, L.; Kocmanek, M.; Kollegger, T.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Kraishan, A. F.; Kravtsov, P.; Krueger, K.; Kulathunga, N.; Kumar, L.; Kvapil, J.; Kwasizur, J. H.; Lacey, R.; Landgraf, J. M.; Landry, K. D.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednicky, R.; Lee, J. H.; Li, X.; Li, C.; Li, Y.; Li, W.; Lidrych, J.; Lin, T.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, P.; Liu, Y.; Liu, F.; Liu, H.; Ljubicic, T.; Llope, W. J.; Lomnitz, M.; Longacre, R. S.; Luo, X.; Luo, S.; Ma, Y. G.; Ma, L.; Ma, R.; Ma, G. L.; Magdy, N.; Majka, R.; Mallick, D.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Matis, H. S.; Meehan, K.; Mei, J. C.; Miller, Z. W.; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mishra, D.; Mizuno, S.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Morozov, D. A.; Mustafa, M. K.; Nasim, Md.; Nayak, T. K.; Nelson, J. M.; Nie, M.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Niida, T.; Nogach, L. V.; Nonaka, T.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Oh, K.; Okorokov, V. A.; Olvitt, D.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Pandit, Y.; Panebratsev, Y.; Pawlik, B.; Pei, H.; Perkins, C.; Pile, P.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Porter, J.; Posik, M.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Pruthi, N. K.; Przybycien, M.; Putschke, J.; Qiu, H.; Quintero, A.; Ramachandran, S.; Ray, R. L.; Reed, R.; Rehbein, M. J.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J. B.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Roth, J. D.; Ruan, L.; Rusnak, J.; Rusnakova, O.; Sahoo, N. R.; Sahu, P. K.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Saur, M.; Schambach, J.; Schmah, A. M.; Schmidke, W. B.; Schmitz, N.; Schweid, B. R.; Seger, J.; Sergeeva, M.; Seyboth, P.; Shah, N.; Shahaliev, E.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Shao, M.; Sharma, M. K.; Sharma, A.; Shen, W. Q.; Shi, Z.; Shi, S. S.; Shou, Q. Y.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sikora, R.; Simko, M.; Singha, S.; Skoby, M. J.; Smirnov, N.; Smirnov, D.; Solyst, W.; Song, L.; Sorensen, P.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Stock, R.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Sugiura, T.; Sumbera, M.; Summa, B.; Sun, Y.; Sun, X. M.; Sun, X.; Surrow, B.; Svirida, D. N.; Tang, A. H.; Tang, Z.; Taranenko, A.; Tarnowsky, T.; Tawfik, A.; Thäder, J.; Thomas, J. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Tlusty, D.; Todoroki, T.; Tokarev, M.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Tribedy, P.; Tripathy, S. K.; Trzeciak, B. A.; Tsai, O. D.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Upsal, I.; Van Buren, G.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Videbæk, F.; Vokal, S.; Voloshin, S. A.; Vossen, A.; Wang, G.; Wang, Y.; Wang, F.; Wang, Y.; Webb, J. C.; Webb, G.; Wen, L.; Westfall, G. D.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Y.; Xiao, Z. G.; Xie, W.; Xie, G.; Xu, J.; Xu, N.; Xu, Q. H.; Xu, W.; Xu, Y. F.; Xu, Z.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Q.; Yang, C.; Yang, S.; Ye, Z.; Ye, Z.; Yi, L.; Yip, K.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yu, N.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, C.; Zhu, X.; Zhu, Z.; Zyzak, M.; STAR Collaboration

2017-03-01

We present measurements of elliptic flow (v2) of electrons from the decays of heavy-flavor hadrons (eHF) by the STAR experiment. For Au+Au collisions at √{sN N}=200 GeV we report v2, for transverse momentum (pT) between 0.2 and 7 GeV /c , using three methods: the event plane method (v2{EP } ), two-particle correlations (v2{2 } ), and four-particle correlations (v2{4 } ). For Au+Au collisions at √{sN N}=62.4 and 39 GeV we report v2{2 } for pT<2 GeV /c . v2{2 } and v2{4 } are nonzero at low and intermediate pT at 200 GeV, and v2{2 } is consistent with zero at low pT at other energies. The v2{2 } at the two lower beam energies is systematically lower than at √{sN N}=200 GeV for pT<1 GeV /c . This difference may suggest that charm quarks interact less strongly with the surrounding nuclear matter at those two lower energies compared to √{sN N}=200 GeV.

CO adsorption on small Au{sub n} (n = 1–4) structures supported on hematite. I. Adsorption on iron terminated α-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} (0001) surface

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pabisiak, Tomasz; Kiejna, Adam, E-mail: kiejna@ifd.uni.wroc.pl [Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Wrocław, Plac M. Borna 9, 50-204 Wrocław (Poland); Winiarski, Maciej J. [Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Wrocław, Plac M. Borna 9, 50-204 Wrocław (Poland); Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław (Poland)

2016-01-28

This is the first of two papers dealing with the adsorption of Au and formation of Au{sub n} nanostructures (n = 1–4) on hematite (0001) surface and adsorption of CO thereon. The stoichiometric Fe-terminated (0001) surface of hematite was investigated using density functional theory in the generalized gradient approximation of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) form with Hubbard correction U, accounting for strong electron correlations (PBE+U). The structural, energetic, and electronic properties of the systems studied were examined for vertical and flattened configurations of Au{sub n} nanostructures adsorbed on the hematite surfaces. The flattened ones, which can be viewed as bilayer-like structures, were found energetically more favored than vertical ones. For both classes of structures the adsorption binding energy increases with the number of Au atoms in a structure. The adsorption of Au{sub n} induces charge rearrangement at the Au{sub n}/oxide contact which is reflected in work function changes. In most considered cases Au{sub n} adsorption increases the work function. A detailed analysis of the bonding electron charge is presented and the corresponding electron charge rearrangements at the contacts were quantified by a Bader charge analyses. The interaction of a CO molecule with the Au{sub n} nanostructures supported on α-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} (0001) and the oxide support was studied. It is found that the CO adsorption binding to the hematite supported Au{sub n} structures is more than twice as strong as to the bare hematite surface. Analysis of the Bader charges on the atoms showed that in each case CO binds to the most positively charged (cationic) atom of the Au{sub n} structure. Changes in the electronic structure of the Au{sub n} species and of the oxide support, and their consequences for the interactions with CO, are discussed.

Far-infrared spectra of yttrium-doped gold clusters Au(n)Y (n=1-9).

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Ling; Claes, Pieterjan; Gruene, Philipp; Meijer, Gerard; Fielicke, André; Nguyen, Minh Tho; Lievens, Peter

2010-06-21

The geometric, spectroscopic, and electronic properties of neutral yttrium-doped gold clusters Au(n)Y (n=1-9) are studied by far-infrared multiple photon dissociation (FIR-MPD) spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Comparison of the observed and calculated vibrational spectra allows the structures of the isomers present in the molecular beam to be determined. Most of the isomers for which the IR spectra agree best with experiment are calculated to be the energetically most stable ones. Attachment of xenon to the Au(n)Y cluster can cause changes in the IR spectra, which involve band shifts and band splittings. In some cases symmetry changes, as a result of the attachment of xenon atoms, were also observed. All the Au(n)Y clusters considered prefer a low spin state. In contrast to pure gold clusters, which exhibit exclusively planar lowest-energy structures for small sizes, several of the studied species are three-dimensional. This is particularly the case for Au(4)Y and Au(9)Y, while for some other sizes (n=5, 8) the 3D structures have an energy similar to that of their 2D counterparts. Several of the lowest-energy structures are quasi-2D, that is, slightly distorted from planar shapes. For all the studied species the Y atom prefers high coordination, which is different from other metal dopants in gold clusters.

Efectos de la inversión extranjera en la actividad minera colombiana y de cuatro países de la región

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Gloria Patricia Gamba,

2012-06-01

Full Text Available El sector minero ha venido captando los mayores flujos de inversión extranjera directa, permitiendo la entrada de proyectos que, al nuevo nivel de precios son técnica y económicamente más viables, asociado a la diversificación en los portafolios de riesgo y al alto nivel de capital que exige su explotación. Dicha inversión se ha orientado a países de América Latina con potencial geológico atractivo, por lo que vale la pena analizar qué tan favorable resultan estas inversiones al desarrollo económico de los países, lo que representa retos en la definición de la política de Estado que maximice sus beneficios.

Probing the structural and electronic properties of cationic rubidium-gold clusters: [AunRb]+ (n = 1-10)

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Ya-Ru; Zhang, Hai-Rong; Qian, Yu; Duan, Xu-Chao; Hu, Yan-Fei

2016-03-01

Density functional theory has been applied to study the geometric structures, relative stabilities, and electronic properties of cationic [AunRb]+ and Aun + 1+ (n = 1-10) clusters. For the lowest energy structures of [AunRb]+ clusters, the planar to three-dimensional transformation is found to occur at cluster size n = 4 and the Rb atoms prefer being located at the most highly coordinated position. The trends of the averaged atomic binding energies, fragmentation energies, second-order difference of energies, and energy gaps show pronounced even-odd alternations. It indicated that the clusters containing odd number of atoms maintain greater stability than the clusters in the vicinity. In particular, the [Au6Rb]+ clusters are the most stable isomer for [AunRb]+ clusters in the region of n = 1-10. The charges in [AunRb]+ clusters transfer from the Rb atoms to Aun host. Density of states revealed that the Au-5d, Au-5p, and Rb-4p orbitals hardly participated in bonding. In addition, it is found that the most favourable channel of the [AunRb]+ clusters is Rb+ cation ejection. The electronic localisation function (ELF) analysis of the [AunRb]+ clusters shown that strong interactions are not revealed in this study.

Stress at work: Differential experiences of high versus low SES workers.

Science.gov (United States)

Damaske, Sarah; Zawadzki, Matthew J; Smyth, Joshua M

2016-05-01

This paper asks whether workers with higher socioeconomic status (SES) experience different levels of stress at work than workers with lower SES and, if so, what might explain these differences. We collected innovative assessments of immediate objective and subjective measures of stress at multiple time points across consecutive days from 122 employed men and women. We find that in comparison to higher SES individuals, those with lower SES reported greater happiness at work, less self-reported stress, and less perceived stress; cortisol, a biological marker of stress, was unrelated to SES. Worker's momentary perceptions of the workplace were predicted by SES, with higher SES individuals more commonly reporting feeling unable to meet work demands, fewer work resources, and less positive work appraisals. In turn, perceptions of the workplace had a generally consistent and robust effect on positive mood, subjective stress, and cortisol. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Study of Ti/Si/Ti/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contact for AlGaN/GaN HEMT

Science.gov (United States)

Shostachenko, S. A.; Porokhonko, Y. A.; Zakharchenko, R. V.; Burdykin, M. S.; Ryzhuk, R. V.; Kargin, N. I.; Kalinin, B. V.; Belov, A. A.; Vasiliev, A. N.

2017-12-01

This paper is dedicated to the experimental investigation of Ohmic contacts to the n+-doped region of AlGaN/GaN transistor heterostructure based on Ti/Si/Ti/Al/Ni/Au metallization. Effect of annealing temperature on the specific resistance of Ohmic contact was studied. Ohmic contact with the resistance of 3.4·10-6 Ω·cm2 was formed by optimization of the annealing temperature and introduction of the additional doping silicon layer.

76 FR 70169 - SES Performance Review Board

Science.gov (United States)

2011-11-10

...: Emily T. Carroll, Chief, Human Resources Division, Office of Administration, National Transportation..., in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, one or more SES... and Space Administration. Jerold Gidner, Deputy Director, Office of Strategic Employee and...

Dielectron azimuthal anisotropy at mid-rapidity in Au + Au collisions at √{sN N}=200 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alekseev, I.; Alford, J.; Anson, C. D.; Aparin, A.; Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Averichev, G. S.; Banerjee, A.; Beavis, D. R.; Bellwied, R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bhattarai, P.; Bichsel, H.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bland, L. C.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Borowski, W.; Bouchet, J.; Brandin, A. V.; Brovko, S. G.; Bültmann, S.; Bunzarov, I.; Burton, T. P.; Butterworth, J.; Caines, H.; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M.; Cebra, D.; Cendejas, R.; Cervantes, M. C.; Chaloupka, P.; Chang, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, H. F.; Chen, J. H.; Chen, L.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Chikanian, A.; Christie, W.; Chwastowski, J.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Contin, G.; Cramer, J. G.; Crawford, H. J.; Cui, X.; Das, S.; Davila Leyva, A.; De Silva, L. C.; Debbe, R. R.; Dedovich, T. G.; Deng, J.; Derevschikov, A. A.; Derradi de Souza, R.; Dhamija, S.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dilks, C.; Ding, F.; Djawotho, P.; Dong, X.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Draper, J. E.; Du, C. M.; Dunkelberger, L. E.; Dunlop, J. C.; Efimov, L. G.; Engelage, J.; Engle, K. S.; Eppley, G.; Eun, L.; Evdokimov, O.; Eyser, O.; Fatemi, R.; Fazio, S.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Finch, E.; Fisyak, Y.; Flores, C. E.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Garand, D.; Geurts, F.; Gibson, A.; Girard, M.; Gliske, S.; Greiner, L.; Grosnick, D.; Gunarathne, D. S.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.; Guryn, W.; Haag, B.; Hamed, A.; Han, L.-X.; Haque, R.; Harris, J. W.; Heppelmann, S.; Hirsch, A.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Hofman, D. J.; Horvat, S.; Huang, B.; Huang, H. Z.; Huang, X.; Huck, P.; Humanic, T. J.; Igo, G.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jang, H.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kalinkin, D.; Kang, K.; Kauder, K.; Ke, H. W.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Kesich, A.; Khan, Z. H.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisel, I.; Kisiel, A.; Koetke, D. D.; Kollegger, T.; Konzer, J.; Koralt, I.; Kotchenda, L.; Kraishan, A. F.; Kravtsov, P.; Krueger, K.; Kulakov, I.; Kumar, L.; Kycia, R. A.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Landry, K. D.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednicky, R.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Li, C.; Li, W.; Li, X.; Li, X.; Li, Y.; Li, Z. M.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, F.; Ljubicic, T.; Llope, W. J.; Lomnitz, M.; Longacre, R. S.; Luo, X.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Madagodagettige Don, D. M. M. D.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Majka, R.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; McDonald, D.; McShane, T. S.; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Morozov, D. A.; Mustafa, M. K.; Nandi, B. K.; Nasim, Md.; Nayak, T. K.; Nelson, J. M.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Nogach, L. V.; Noh, S. Y.; Novak, J.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Oh, K.; Ohlson, A.; Okorokov, V.; Oldag, E. W.; Olvitt, D. L.; Pachr, M.; Page, B. S.; Pal, S. K.; Pan, Y. X.; Pandit, Y.; Panebratsev, Y.; Pawlak, T.; Pawlik, B.; Pei, H.; Perkins, C.; Peryt, W.; Pile, P.; Planinic, M.; Pluta, J.; Poljak, N.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Pruthi, N. K.; Przybycien, M.; Pujahari, P. R.; Putschke, J.; Qiu, H.; Quintero, A.; Ramachandran, S.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Ray, R. L.; Riley, C. K.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J. B.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Ross, J. F.; Roy, A.; Ruan, L.; Rusnak, J.; Rusnakova, O.; Sahoo, N. R.; Sahu, P. K.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Sangaline, E.; Sarkar, A.; Schambach, J.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schmah, A. M.; Schmidke, W. B.; Schmitz, N.; Seger, J.; Seyboth, P.; Shah, N.; Shahaliev, E.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Shao, M.; Sharma, B.; Shen, W. Q.; Shi, S. S.; Shou, Q. Y.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Singaraju, R. N.; Skoby, M. J.; Smirnov, D.; Smirnov, N.; Solanki, D.; Sorensen, P.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Stevens, J. R.; Stock, R.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Sumbera, M.; Sun, X.; Sun, X. M.; Sun, Y.; Sun, Z.; Surrow, B.; Svirida, D. N.; Symons, T. J. M.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Takahashi, J.; Tang, A. H.; Tang, Z.; Tarnowsky, T.; Thomas, J. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Tlusty, D.; Tokarev, M.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Tribedy, P.; Trzeciak, B. A.; Tsai, O. D.; Turnau, J.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Van Buren, G.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Vandenbroucke, M.; Vanfossen, J. A.; Varma, R.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Vertesi, R.; Videbæk, F.; Viyogi, Y. P.; Vokal, S.; Vossen, A.; Wada, M.; Wang, F.; Wang, G.; Wang, H.; Wang, J. S.; Wang, X. L.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Webb, G.; Webb, J. C.; Westfall, G. D.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Y. F.; Xiao, Z.; Xie, W.; Xin, K.; Xu, H.; Xu, J.; Xu, N.; Xu, Q. H.; Xu, Y.; Xu, Z.; Yan, W.; Yang, C.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Ye, Z.; Yepes, P.; Yi, L.; Yip, K.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yu, N.; Zawisza, Y.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zha, W.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhang, J. L.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhao, F.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, X.; Zhu, Y. H.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.; Zyzak, M.; STAR Collaboration

2014-12-01

We report on the first measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy (v2) of dielectrons (e+e- pairs) at mid-rapidity from √{sN N}=200 GeV Au + Au collisions with the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), presented as a function of transverse momentum (pT) for different invariant-mass regions. In the mass region Me e<1.1 GeV /c2 the dielectron v2 measurements are found to be consistent with expectations from π0,η ,ω , and ϕ decay contributions. In the mass region 1.1

Regional immunization programs as a model for strengthening cooperation among nations Los programas de vacunación regionales como modelo para reforzar la cooperación entre países

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gina Tambini

2006-07-01

Full Text Available Dos funciones esenciales de los programas de vacunación regionales aplicados en varios países simultáneamente consisten en controlar en todo un territorio, franqueando fronteras, las enfermedades que se pueden prevenir mediante la vacunación y en reducir las faltas de equidad en materia de salud. Los buenos resultados de los programas de vacunación regionales dependen del esfuerzo coordinado que hagan los países y sus socios por alcanzar una meta regional en común. Con el fin de explorar las lecciones derivadas de la experiencia, en este artículo se echa un vistazo al Programa Ampliado de Inmunización original de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS, al Fondo Rotatorio de la OPS para la adquisición de vacunas y jeringas para los programas nacionales de vacunación, y a la erradicación de la poliomielitis del territorio americano. Se resaltan estas lecciones para ayudar a los formuladores de políticas en los niveles mundial, regional y subregional a coordinar eficazmente las intervenciones de salud realizadas por varios países en conjunto. Para ser provechosos, los programas de salud regionales tienen que verse respaldados por un genuino compromiso con la cooperación entre países como valor fundamental; la capacidad para averiguar qué problemas existen e idear buenas soluciones; la capacidad para llevar a cabo intervenciones de manera sustentable; el firme compromiso de los ministros de salud y otros jefes de gobierno; la gestión eficaz de los programas; los planes de salud nacionales; la buena supervisión técnica y la coordinación de alianzas; una cooperación técnica más intensa con los países más pobres, donde hay que redoblar los esfuerzos por conseguir más recursos y apoyo; la cooperación entre países; y la capacidad para responder a circunstancias insólitas.

¿Sobrevivirán las universidades a la integración europea? Políticas de educación superior en la UE y en los Países Bajos antes y después de la Declaración de Bolonia

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Chris Lorenz

2009-01-01

que la importancia general del "modelo holandés" para otros países de la Unión Europea, radica en el hecho de que el caso de los Países Bajos, en general, prefigura lo que sucederá a otros países de la Unión Europea, cuando las políticas de Bolonia se pongan en práctica.

78 FR 60321 - SES Performance Review Board

Science.gov (United States)

2013-10-01

...: Emily T. Carroll, Chief, Human Resources Division, Office of Administration, National Transportation... accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, one or more SES Performance... Strategic Employee and Organizational Development, Department of the Interior. David L. Mayer, Managing...

La delegación del Poder Tributario en el Poder Ejecutivo, su regulación en el Perú y en otros países andinos

OpenAIRE

Urquizo Maggia, Daniel Fernando

2009-01-01

La presente tesis que lleva por título “La delegación del Poder Tributario en el Poder Ejecutivo, su regulación en el Perú y en otros países andinos” trata sobre la delegación legislativa tributaria regulada en los artículos 74 y 104 de la Carta del Perú aprobada en el año 1993, y en los países andinos de Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Venezuela. La doctrina admite que el poder tributario ya no es atribución exclusiva del Poder Legislativo, que originariamente gozaba de esta facu...

100-MeV proton beam intensity measurement by Au activation analysis using {sup 197}Au(p, pn){sup 196}Au and {sup 197}Au(p, p3n){sup 194}Au reactions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mokhtari Oranj, Leila [Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673 (Korea, Republic of); Jung, Nam-Suk; Oh, Joo-Hee [Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Hee-Seock, E-mail: lee@postech.ac.kr [Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673 (Korea, Republic of)

2016-05-15

The proton beam intensity of a 100-MeV proton linac at the Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) was measured by an Au activation analysis using {sup 197}Au(p, pn){sup 196}Au and {sup 197}Au(p, p3n){sup 194}Au reactions to determine the accuracy and precision of beam intensity measurement using Gafchromic film dosimetry method. The target, irradiated by 100-MeV protons, was arranged in a stack consisting of Au, Al foils and Pb plates. The yields of produced radio-nuclei in Au foils were obtained by gamma-ray spectroscopy. The FLUKA code was employed to calculate the energy spectrum of protons onto the front surface of Au foils located at three different depth points of the target and also to investigate the condition of incident beam on the target. A good agreement was found between the beam intensity measurements using the activation analysis method at three different depth points of the target. An excellent agreement was also observed between the beam intensity measurements using the Au activation analysis method and the dosimetry method using Gafchromic film.

Le Valais et ses Reines

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Alberto Campi

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Combat de ReinesAu premier plan (la corde dans la main, un propriétaire de vaches. Dans l'arène se trouve le rabatteur. Les Reines sur la photo sont des reines de première catégorie (ainsi que le montre le « I » sur leur cuisse .Dimanche 6 mai 2012, « Schakira », la vache numéro 42, a gagné, non sans polémique, le titre de Reine. Elle peut donc être considérée comme la Reine des Reines, titre qu’elle a gagné en se battant contre ses rivales dans différents combats, qui ont commencé pour Sch...

L'intégrité au CERN

CERN Document Server

HR, Department

2015-01-01

Pour mener à bien sa mission, le CERN compte sur la confiance et le soutien matériel de ses États membres et de ses partenaires, et se doit de gérer de manière exemplaire les ressources qui lui sont confiées. Dès lors, le CERN attend la plus haute intégrité de la part de tous ses collaborateurs (membres du personnel, consultants, contractants travaillant sur le domaine ou personne engagée à tout autre titre au CERN ou pour le compte de celui-ci). L’intégrité est l’une des valeurs essentielles du CERN. Elle est définie dans le Code de conduite comme le fait d’« agir avec éthique, en toute honnêteté intellectuelle et en étant responsable de ses actes ».

Centrality and Transverse Momentum Dependence of Elliptic Flow of Multistrange Hadrons and ϕ Meson in Au +Au Collisions at √{sN N}=200 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alekseev, I.; Aparin, A.; Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Averichev, G. S.; Bairathi, V.; Banerjee, A.; Bellwied, R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bhattarai, P.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bland, L. C.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Bouchet, J.; Brandin, A. V.; Bunzarov, I.; Butterworth, J.; Caines, H.; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M.; Campbell, J. M.; Cebra, D.; Cervantes, M. C.; Chakaberia, I.; Chaloupka, P.; Chang, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, J. H.; Chen, X.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Christie, W.; Contin, G.; Crawford, H. J.; Das, S.; De Silva, L. C.; Debbe, R. R.; Dedovich, T. G.; Deng, J.; Derevschikov, A. A.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dilks, C.; Dong, X.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Draper, J. E.; Du, C. M.; Dunkelberger, L. E.; Dunlop, J. C.; Efimov, L. G.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Esha, R.; Evdokimov, O.; Eyser, O.; Fatemi, R.; Fazio, S.; Federic, P.; Fedorisin, J.; Feng, Z.; Filip, P.; Fisyak, Y.; Flores, C. E.; Fulek, L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Garand, D.; Geurts, F.; Gibson, A.; Girard, M.; Greiner, L.; Grosnick, D.; Gunarathne, D. S.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, S.; Gupta, A.; Guryn, W.; Hamad, A.; Hamed, A.; Haque, R.; Harris, J. W.; He, L.; Heppelmann, S.; Heppelmann, S.; Hirsch, A.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Hofman, D. J.; Horvat, S.; Huang, X.; Huang, B.; Huang, H. Z.; Huck, P.; Humanic, T. J.; Igo, G.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jang, H.; Jiang, K.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kalinkin, D.; Kang, K.; Kauder, K.; Ke, H. W.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Khan, Z. H.; Kikoła, D. P.; Kisel, I.; Kisiel, A.; Kochenda, L.; Koetke, D. D.; Kollegger, T.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Kraishan, A. F.; Kravtsov, P.; Krueger, K.; Kulakov, I.; Kumar, L.; Kycia, R. A.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Landry, K. D.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednicky, R.; Lee, J. H.; Li, Z. M.; Li, W.; Li, X.; Li, X.; Li, C.; Li, Y.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, F.; Ljubicic, T.; Llope, W. J.; Lomnitz, M.; Longacre, R. S.; Luo, X.; Ma, Y. G.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, L.; Ma, R.; Magdy, N.; Majka, R.; Manion, A.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; McDonald, D.; Meehan, K.; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mishra, D.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Morozov, D. A.; Mustafa, M. K.; Nandi, B. K.; Nasim, Md.; Nayak, T. K.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Nogach, L. V.; Noh, S. Y.; Novak, J.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Oh, K.; Okorokov, V.; Olvitt, D.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Pan, Y. X.; Pandit, Y.; Panebratsev, Y.; Pawlik, B.; Pei, H.; Perkins, C.; Peterson, A.; Pile, P.; Planinic, M.; Pluta, J.; Poljak, N.; Poniatowska, K.; Porter, J.; Posik, M.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Putschke, J.; Qiu, H.; Quintero, A.; Ramachandran, S.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Ray, R. L.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J. B.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Roy, A.; Ruan, L.; Rusnak, J.; Rusnakova, O.; Sahoo, N. R.; Sahu, P. K.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Sarkar, A.; Schambach, J.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schmah, A. M.; Schmidke, W. B.; Schmitz, N.; Seger, J.; Seyboth, P.; Shah, N.; Shahaliev, E.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Shao, M.; Sharma, B.; Sharma, M. K.; Shen, W. Q.; Shi, S. S.; Shou, Q. Y.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sikora, R.; Simko, M.; Singha, S.; Skoby, M. J.; Smirnov, D.; Smirnov, N.; Song, L.; Sorensen, P.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Stepanov, M.; Stock, R.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Sumbera, M.; Summa, B.; Sun, X.; Sun, X. M.; Sun, Y.; Sun, Z.; Surrow, B.; Svirida, N.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Tang, A. H.; Tang, Z.; Tarnowsky, T.; Tawfik, A.; Thomas, J. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Tlusty, D.; Tokarev, M.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Tribedy, P.; Tripathy, S. K.; Trzeciak, B. A.; Tsai, O. D.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Upsal, I.; Van Buren, G.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Vandenbroucke, M.; Varma, R.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Vertesi, R.; Videbæk, F.; Viyogi, Y. P.; Vokal, S.; Voloshin, S. A.; Vossen, A.; Wang, Y.; Wang, G.; Wang, J. S.; Wang, H.; Wang, Y.; Wang, F.; Webb, J. C.; Webb, G.; Wen, L.; Westfall, G. D.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Y. F.; Wu, Y.; Xiao, Z. G.; Xie, W.; Xin, K.; Xu, N.; Xu, Z.; Xu, Q. H.; Xu, Y. F.; Xu, H.; Yang, Q.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Yang, S.; Yang, C.; Ye, Z.; Yepes, P.; Yi, L.; Yip, K.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yu, N.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhou, L.; Zhu, X.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.; Zyzak, M.; STAR Collaboration

2016-02-01

We present high precision measurements of elliptic flow near midrapidity (|y |<1.0 ) for multistrange hadrons and ϕ meson as a function of centrality and transverse momentum in Au +Au collisions at center of mass energy √{sN N}=200 GeV . We observe that the transverse momentum dependence of ϕ and Ω v2 is similar to that of π and p , respectively, which may indicate that the heavier strange quark flows as strongly as the lighter up and down quarks. This observation constitutes a clear piece of evidence for the development of partonic collectivity in heavy-ion collisions at the top RHIC energy. Number of constituent quark scaling is found to hold within statistical uncertainty for both 0%-30% and 30%-80% collision centrality. There is an indication of the breakdown of previously observed mass ordering between ϕ and proton v2 at low transverse momentum in the 0%-30% centrality range, possibly indicating late hadronic interactions affecting the proton v2.

Quand l'indéfini négatif pouvait s'employer au pluriel. Les emplois de « aucun(es » au XIXe siècle

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Denizot Camille

2014-07-01

Full Text Available L’étude porte sur l’existence paradoxale d’indéfinis négatifs au pluriel dans la langue du XIXe siècle. La situation du XIXe siècle atteste en effet d’un état de langue intermédiaire entre deux systèmes stables : celui de l’ancien français où aucun est un indéfini positif qui peut s’employer au singulier comme au pluriel, et celle du français contemporain où aucun est un indéfini négatif qui ne s’emploie plus qu’au singulier, tandis que le sens positif se survit seulement dans la forme de pronom pluriel d’aucuns. Au XIXe siècle, aucun est donc devenu globalement négatif tout en acceptant encore des emplois du pluriel. Si l’explication diachronique motive ce paradoxe, encore faut-il comprendre comment s’interprètent et se justifient ces pluriels pour des indéfinis de sens négatif, dans la synchronie du XIXe siècle. À travers cette étude de cas nous nous interrogeons sur la cohérence synchronique d’un système instable, au croisement de plusieurs évolutions diachroniques. Dans cette optique, nous tentons de comprendre comment se justifie le pluriel des indéfinis négatifs, et comment ces indéfinis pluriels, dont on conçoit mieux la justification a priori pour un sens positif, peuvent développer dans le même état de langue un sens positif et un sens négatif. Nous montrons ainsi que l’emploi du pluriel dans un grammème négatif ne se limite pas au phénomène de l’accord, même s’il tend à s’y cantonner progressivement, et que la coexistence d’un sens négatif et d’un sens positif pour le même grammème n’est pas source d’ambiguïté en synchronie : l’emploi vivant, négatif, vient concurrencer l’emploi positif, résiduel, uniquement dans les contextes à polarité positive et l’interprétation négative y est construite pragmatiquement.

Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Mortality

Science.gov (United States)

Knoble, Naomi B.; Alderfer, Melissa A.; Hossain, Md Jobayer

2016-01-01

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a complex construct of multiple indicators, known to impact cancer outcomes, but has not been adequately examined among pediatric AML patients. This study aimed to identify the patterns of co-occurrence of multiple community-level SES indicators and to explore associations between various patterns of these indicators and pediatric AML mortality risk. A nationally representative US sample of 3,651 pediatric AML patients, aged 0–19 years at diagnosis was drawn from 17 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database registries created between 1973 and 2012. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, stratified univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used. Four SES factors accounting for 87% of the variance in SES indicators were identified: F1) economic/educational disadvantage, less immigration; F2) immigration-related features (foreign-born, language-isolation, crowding), less mobility F3) housing instability; and, F4) absence of moving. F1 and F3 showed elevated risk of mortality, adjusted hazards ratios (aHR) (95% CI): 1.07(1.02–1.12) and 1.05(1.00–1.10), respectively. Seven SES-defined cluster groups were identified. Cluster 1: (low economic/educational disadvantage, few immigration-related features, and residential-stability) showed the minimum risk of mortality. Compared to Cluster 1, Cluster 3: (high economic/educational disadvantage, high-mobility) and Cluster 6: (moderately-high economic/educational disadvantages, housing-instability and immigration-related features) exhibited substantially greater risk of mortality, aHR(95% CI) = 1.19(1.0–1.4) and 1.23 (1.1–1.5), respectively. Factors of correlated SES-indicators and their pattern-based groups demonstrated differential risks in the pediatric AML mortality indicating the need of special public-health attention in areas with economic-educational disadvantages, housing-instability and immigration-related features. PMID:27543948

A density functional theory study on structures, stabilities, and electronic and magnetic properties of Au{sub n}C (n = 1–9) clusters

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hou, Xiao-Fei; Yan, Li-Li; Huang, Teng; Hong, Yu; Miao, Shou-Kui [Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 (China); Peng, Xiu-Qiu [School of Environmental Science & Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); Liu, Yi-Rong, E-mail: liuyirong@aiofm.ac.cn [Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 (China); Huang, Wei, E-mail: huangwei6@ustc.edu.cn [Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 (China); School of Environmental Science & Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China)

2016-06-15

The equilibrium geometric structures, relative stabilities, electronic stabilities, and electronic and magnetic properties of the Au{sub n}C and Au{sub n+1} (n = 1–9) clusters are systematically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) with hyper-generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The optimized geometries show that one Au atom added to the Au{sub n−1}C cluster is the dominant growth pattern for the Au{sub n}C clusters. In contrast to the pure gold clusters, the Au{sub n}C clusters are most stable in a quasi-planar or three-dimensional (3D) structure because the C dopant induces the local non-planarity, with exceptions of the Au{sub 6,8}C clusters who have 2D structures. The analysis of the relative and electronic stabilities reveals that the Au{sub 4}C and Au{sub 6} clusters are the most stable in the series of studied clusters, respectively. In addition, a natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis shows that the charges in the Au{sub n}C clusters transfer from the Au{sub n} host to the C atom. Moreover, the Au and C atoms interact with each other mostly via covalent bond rather than ionic bond, which can be confirmed through the average ionic character of the Au–C bond. Meanwhile, the charges mainly transfer between 2s and 2p orbitals within the C atom, and among 5d, 6s, and 6p orbitals within the Au atom for the Au{sub n}C clusters. As for the magnetic properties of the Au{sub n}C clusters, the total magnetic moments are 1 μ{sub B} for n = odd clusters, with the total magnetic moments mainly locating on the C atoms for Au{sub 1,3,9}C and on the Au{sub n} host for Au{sub 5,7}C clusters. However, the total magnetic moments of the Au{sub n}C clusters are zero for n = even clusters. Simultaneously, the magnetic moments mainly locate on the 2p orbital within the C atom and on the 5d, 6s orbitals within the Au atom.

FLUJO DE MATERIAL PORNOGRÁFICO INFANTIL ONLINE: ESTUDIO EXPLORATORIO EN 10 PAÍSES DE AMÉRICA LATINA CON FOCO EN URUGUAY

OpenAIRE

Delgado Coto, Sergio; França Tarragó, Omar

2014-01-01

Se exploró el estado del flujo de material pornográfico infantil online en 10 países latinoamericanos, con especial atención a Uruguay, en el período anual 2011 y primeros ochos meses 2012. A partir del software especializado “Florencio”, se emprendió el rastreo de la descarga de archivos identificados con contenido pornográfico infantil en la plataforma de intercambio de tipo “punto a punto” (p2p) Ares Galaxy (Ares). A su vez, se discriminaron todas las direcciones de Internet (IP) geo-refer...

Cross-sections of 197Au(n,α)198Au and 63Cu(n,α)64Cu induced by 252Cf neutrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mandal, Ranjita; Sengupta, D.; Roy, Malobika; Naik, Mamta; Bhoraskar, V.N.

2014-01-01

Analytical work, employing nuclear techniques, is normally carried out through (n,α) reaction because of the availability of neutrons either from reactors or laboratory sources such as Sb-Be, Am-Be, Ra-Be, Po-Be, 252 Cf, etc. The laboratory neutron sources are though portable and adaptable to a particular experimental arrangement, suffer from the disadvantage of slow neutron yield (except 252 Cf). In this set up since the neutrons available are monoenergetic, it was thought appropriate to initiate a program to measure cross-sections of a few nuclear reactions which have practical applications. Earlier studies on cross-section measurement of the reaction 197 Au(n,α) 198 Au and 63 Cu(n,α) 64 Cu has been carried out using different sources, monitors and techniques

L’olivier au Maroc

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

El Mouhtadi Issam

2014-03-01

Full Text Available L’olivier est une culture traditionnelle sur le pourtour de la Méditerranée. Il est donc naturel de trouver cet arbre au Maroc où il est présent depuis des siècles. Cultivé surtout traditionnellement jusqu’à ses dernières années, il fait l’objet maintenant d’un plan de valorisation très ambitieux pour non seulement garder le Royaume à son niveau actuel (2e producteur mondial pour l’olive de conserve et 6e pour l’huile d’olive mais pour conquérir de nouveaux marchés au niveau mondial et profiter ainsi de l’engouement que connaît cette huile reconnue pour ses bienfaits. Le plan national « Maroc Vert » permet ainsi, grâce à des subventions conséquentes, non seulement de renouveler les vergers existant avec la variété traditionnelle picholine du Maroc, mais également la plantation de nouvelles variétés en super-intensif dans le but d’industrialiser au maximum de nouveaux vergers. Il en est de même pour la transformation des olives en huile de bonne qualité avec la mise en place d’unités de trituration modernes qui doivent supplanter à terme la multitude de « maâsra » et réduire ainsi l’impact environnemental dû aux margines. L’olive ne sera plus dans l’avenir que représentée par son huile et ses formes comestibles, mais les résidus de son extraction seront valorisés soit sous forme de combustible élaboré pour le grignon, soit sous forme d’une base de chimie verte pour les sous-produits du raffinage. D’autres applications sont actuellement à l’étude, car le Maroc à compris, comme tous les autres grands pays producteurs, que l’olive était un nouveau gisement de richesses.

Centrality and collision system dependence of antiproton production from p+A to Au+Au collisions at AGS energies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sako, H.; Ahle, L.; Akiba, Y.

1997-12-01

Antiproton production in heavy ion collisions reflects subtle interplay between initial production and absorption by nucleons. Because the AGS energies (10--20 A·GeV/c) are close to the antiproton production threshold, antiproton may be sensitive to cooperative processes such as QGP and hadronic multi-step processes. On the other hand, antiproton has been proposed as a probe of baryon density due to large N anti N annihilation cross sections. Cascade models predict the maximum baryon density reaches about 10 times the normal nucleus density in central Au+Au collisions, where the strong antiproton absorption is expected. In this paper, the authors show systematic studies of antiproton production from p+A to Au+Au collisions

Douleurs induites par les soins: la réalité au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Befelatanana Antananarivo, Madagascar

Science.gov (United States)

Mahavivola, Ernestho-Ghoud Indretsy; Olivah, Razanaparany Miarisoa Mireille; Mihary, Dodo; Hendriniaina, Rakotoharivelo; Lalao, Randriamboavonjy Rado; Henintsoa, Rakotonirainy Oliva; Fahafahantsoa, Rapelanoro Rabenja

2014-01-01

La douleur induite par les soins correspond à la douleur survenant lors des actes à visé diagnostique et/ou thérapeutique. A notre connaissance, nous n'avons pas encore des données disponibles pour les douleurs induites par les soins à l'Hôpital de Befelatanana. Nos objectifs étaient de décrire le profil épidémiologique de la douleur induite par les soins, d'identifier les principaux facteurs influençant sur l'intensité de la douleur et leurs retentissements chez les patients. Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective, transversale type un jour donné menée dans les douze services de Médecines au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Befelatanana en Novembre 2013. Cent deux patients ont été retenus dans l’étude et trois cent vingt trois actes douloureux étaient enregistrés. La fréquence de la douleur induite par les soins était de 69,86%. Le genre féminin prédominait dans 52% des cas (n = 53) avec un sex-ratio à 0,92. L’âge moyen était de 46 ans. Les ponctions vasculaires étaient l'acte prédominant dans 49,54% (n = 109) des cas. Les infirmiers réalisaient les soins dans 47,05% (n = 48) des cas. L'information verbale était la mesure préventive utilisée dans 57,84% des cas (n = 59). Le transport par marche à pied et au dos représentait 16,67% des cas (n = 17). Les patients naïfs des gestes étaient plus anxieux. Ces patients gardaient de mauvais souvenir dans 64,71% des cas (n = 66). La fréquence de douleur induite par les soins était trop élevée. Un effort important est nécessaire pour réduire la douleur induite par les soins PMID:25932071

Sistemas agroecológicos y su papel en los países del Tercer Mundo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. Funes-Aguilar

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El tercer milenio inicia en un mundo globalizado, unipolar: 6.3 mil millones de personas; de ellas, 850 millones hambrientas, 1,200 sin agua potable, 2,400 sin saneamiento, 850 millones analfabetos, 10 millones de niños mueren anualmente. Mientras tanto, 10% de la población disfruta del 70% de riquezas. Proliferan estallidos sociales, guerras, huracanes, terremotos, contaminación ambiental, inundaciones, calentamiento global, SIDA. Numerosas comunidades rurales se han colapsado económica y socialmente, el desempleo aumenta por tecnologías ahorradoras de fuerza laboral, persiste alta migración a las ciudades. La “Revolución Verde”, de especialización e industrialización agropecuaria de países desarrollados, ha generado conflictos ambientales y no ha sido una solución. La geofagia y sed de poder de países y políticos, generan distribución desequilibrada de riquezas. En nuestro planeta abundan resultados positivos con sistemas agroecológicos de producción que han demostrado poder resolver gran número de esos problemas. En América Latina y Cuba, existen experiencias del saber y tradiciones campesinas e indígenas, investigación y producción comercial con soluciones factibles para los problemas de este llamado “Tercer Mundo”, donde están los países más necesitados. Son evidentes los caminos posibles para alcanzar el anhelado desarrollo agropecuario. Este trabajo resume algunos ejemplos de los avances. El reto futuro es integrar los componentes de los agroecosistemas y lograr sinergias, consolidando sistemas agroecológicos holísticos, con eficiencia biológica, productiva, económica, energética y ambiental. Es esperanzador pensar que un futuro agroecológico unido a la voluntad política de desarrollo económico y social, puede contribuir en alto grado a liberar a nuestros países tercermundistas de la crítica situación actual

Defect-induced Au precipitation in Fe–Au and Fe–Au–B–N alloys studied by in situ small-angle neutron scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, S.; Kohlbrecher, J.; Tichelaar, F.D.; Langelaan, G.; Brück, E.; Zwaag, S. van der; Dijk, N.H. van

2013-01-01

Nanoscale Au precipitation in high-purity Fe–Au and Fe–Au–B–N alloys has been studied by in situ small-angle neutron scattering during isothermal aging at 550 °C and complementary ex situ transmission electron microscopy. The high temperature precipitation behavior in samples having received different degrees of cold deformation has been studied to explore the potential self-healing of deformation-induced defects by Au precipitation. It is found that dislocations induced by prior plastic deformation strongly facilitate the formation of Au precipitates, as no significant precipitation is observed for undeformed samples. Defect-induced Au precipitates are formed both at dislocations and along grain boundaries where the defect density is high. The fact that the Au atoms only precipitate on deformation-induced defects demonstrates that solute gold atoms act as efficient self-healing agents in the ferrous matrix. The addition of B and N is found to retard the Au precipitation

Structure and Stability of GeAun, n = 1-10 clusters: A Density Functional Study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Priyanka,; Dharamvir, Keya; Sharma, Hitesh

2011-01-01

The structures of Germanium doped gold clusters GeAu n (n = 1-10) have been investigated using ab initio calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). We have obtained ground state geometries of GeAu n clusters and have it compared with Silicon doped gold clusters and pure gold clusters. The ground state geometries of the GeAu n clusters show patterns similar to silicon doped gold clusters except for n = 5, 6 and 9. The introduction of germanium atom increases the binding energy of gold clusters. The binding energy per atom of germanium doped cluster is smaller than the corresponding silicon doped gold cluster. The HUMO-LOMO gap for Au n Ge clusters have been found to vary between 0.46 eV-2.09 eV. The mullikan charge analysis indicates that charge of order of 0.1e always transfers from germanium atom to gold atom.

Jerarquía de valores en países de la Europa Occidental: una comparación transcultural

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MARÍA ROS

1995-01-01

Full Text Available Hemos usado la teoría transcultural de los valores humanos desarrollada por Schwartz (1992a para analizar y comparar la jeararquía de valores de diez países de Europa occidental con respecto a la importancia de los valores en un conjunto de países del resto del mundo. Hemos encontrado que el conjunto de naciones de Europa Occidental comparten un perfil único de valores que las distingue del resto de los países. Este perfil se caracteriza por la alta prioridad que atribuyen a los valores de compromiso igualitario, autonomía intelectual y armonía y por la baja prioridad que otorgan a los valores de jerarquía y conservación. Estos resultados son explicados acudiendo a algunos factores socio-estructurales, políticos y económicos, compartidos por estos países y que les diferencian de los demás.

Liquid phase interaction in TiC0,5N0,5-TiNi-Mo and TiC0,5N0,5-TiNi-Ti-Mo

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Askarova, L.Kh; Grigorov, I.G.; Zajnulin, Yu.G.

1998-01-01

Using the methods of X ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopy and X ray spectrum microanalysis a study was made into specific features of phase and structure formation in alloys TiC 0,5 N 0,5 -TiNi-Mo and TiC 0,5 N 0,5 -TiNi-Mo in the presence of a liquid phase at temperatures of 1380-1600 deg C. It is revealed that the physical and chemical processes taking place during the liquid-phase sintering result in the formation of a three-phase alloy consisting of nonstoichiometric titanium carbonitride TiC 0.5-x N 0.5-x , a molybdenum base solid solution of titanium, nickel and carbon Mo(Ti, Ni, C) and one of two intermetallic compounds, either TiNi or Ni 3 Ti. Metallic element concentration in individual phase constituents of the alloy is determined by means of X ray spectrum microanalysis

Le harcèlement moral au travail

CERN Document Server

Hirigoyen, Marie-France

2017-01-01

Isoler, discréditer, déconsidérer le travail rendu, intimider, insulter... Les moyens sont nombreux, les conséquences dramatiques. En France, la reconnaissance du harcèlement moral et sa condamnation juridique sont venues changer le regard que portent les salariés sur certaines situations vécues et interpeller les entreprises quant à leurs méthodes de management. Que sait-on aujourd’hui sur le harcèlement au travail ? Quels en sont les effets sur les individus, leurs proches et la société ? Comment le punir ou le prévenir ? En décortiquant les mécanismes du harcèlement, ses origines et ses conséquences ainsi que les réponses qui y sont actuellement apportées en France comme à l’étranger, cet ouvrage fait le point sur un fléau de nos sociétés narcissiques.

Devenir De l'azote de L'engrais enrichi au n applique au tournesol ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

L'utilisation de I' azote de I' engrais par la culture de toumesol a ete appreciee par Ia determination du coefficient d'utilisation apparent (CUA) estime par Ia methode de difference et du coefficient d'utilisation reel (CUR) estime par Ia methode isotopique. 80 kg N ha-1 a 4.87% d'atomes en exces de 15N ont ete appliques au ...

46 CFR 61.05-10 - Boilers in service.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Boilers in service. 61.05-10 Section 61.05-10 Shipping... INSPECTIONS Tests and Inspections of Boilers § 61.05-10 Boilers in service. (a) Each boiler, including superheater, reheater, economizer, auxiliary boiler, low-pressure heating boiler, and unfired steam boiler...

Monomers, dimers, and trimers of [Au(CN2]− in a Ba(diaza-18-crown-62+ coordination polymer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2009-03-01

Full Text Available The structure of the title compound, poly[triaquatetra-μ-cyanido-tetracyanidobis(1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecanedibarium(IItetragold(I], [Au4Ba2(CN8(C12H26N2O42(H2O3]n, displays O—H...N hydrogen bonding between water molecules and cyano ligands and an unusual pattern of aurophilic interactions that yields a monomer, dimer, and trimer of [Au(CN2]− within the same crystal structure. In two of the five Au positions, the atom resides on a center of inversion. The overall arrangement is that of a coordination polymer assisted by aurophilic and hydrogen-bonded interactions.

Ultrasonic friction power during thermosonic Au and Cu ball bonding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shah, A; Mayer, M; Zhou, Y; Qin, I; Huynh, C; Meyer, M

2010-01-01

The ultrasonic friction power during thermosonic ball bonding with Au and Cu wires, both 25 μm in diameter, is derived with an improved method from experimental measurements during the bonding process. Experimental data include the current delivered to the ultrasonic transducer and the tangential force measured using piezoresistive microsensors integrated close to the Al bonding pad. The improvement results from a new, more accurate method to derive the mechanical compliance of the ultrasonic system. The method employs a bond process modification in which the ultrasonic current is ramped up sequentially in three steps. In the first two steps, the ultrasonic current is set to levels that are too low to cause sliding. The bonding takes place during the third step, when the current is ramped up to the optimum value required for making good quality bonds. The ultrasonic compliance values are derived from the first two steps and are 8.2 ± 0.5 μm N -1 and 7.7 ± 0.5 μm N -1 for the Au and Cu processes, respectively. These values are determined within an average error estimate of ±6%, substantially lower than the ±10% estimated with a previously reported method. The ultrasonic compliance in the case of Au is 6% higher due to the lower elastic modulus of Au compared with that of Cu. Typical maximum values of relative sliding amplitude of ultrasonic friction at the interface are 655 nm and 766 nm for the Au and Cu processes. These values are 81% of the free-air vibration amplitude of the bonding capillary tip for the respective ultrasonic current settings. Due to bond growth, which damps relative motion between the ball and the pad, the final relative amplitude at the bond interface is reduced to 4% of the equivalent free-air amplitude. Even though the maximum value of relative amplitude is 17% higher in the Cu process compared with the Au process, the average total interfacial sliding is 519 μm in the Cu process, which is 31% lower than that in the Au process (759 �

Clase social y privación material entre los inmigrantes de países pobres en Cataluña

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Sebastià Sarasa

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo pretende analizar las desigualdades existentes entre los inmigrantes provenientes de países pobres y la población autóctona en relación al riesgo de padecer privación material. Asumiendo que, aunque buena parte de este riesgo es inherente a la clase social, hay factores asociados al perfil migratorio que comportan un aumento de dicho riesgo. El trabajo se ha realizado implementando una combinación de análisis factoriales y de clasificación para identificar perfiles de privación material y un análisis logístico multinomial para explorar qué factores sociodemográficos están más asociados a cada tipo de estos. Los resultados confirman que la clase social es un factor muy poderoso para explicar la privación material de los inmigrantes procedentes de países pobres, pero no es el único.

La liberalización comercial y adopción de leyes antidumping en países en vía de desarrollo

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José Daniel Reyes

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Se propone un modelo teórico para explicar la heterogeneidad observada en la adopción de leyes antidumping por pequeños países en vía de desarrollo en un contexto de reducción arancelaria multilateral. El análisis se basa en un juego de tres etapas de determinación de política comercial con competencia imperfecta en productos diferenciados, donde la posible presión para la protección se refleja en la función objetivo del gobierno y donde los aranceles se pueden consolidar como resultado de acuerdos comerciales multilaterales. Este marco implica que la aplicación de este dispositivo de protección administrativa es la mejor respuesta del gobierno cuando los aranceles consolidados multilaterales alcanzan un umbral los suficientemente bajo. La heterogeneidad en la decisión de adopción se explica por el tamaño relativo del mercado nacional, el grado de diferenciación de los productos y los motivos de economía política. Las relativamente grandes economías, los mercados nacionales altamente competitivos y los países con una alta presión interna para la protección promulgan leyes antidumping mucho más rápido.

(DEEE) au Sénégal

African Journals Online (AJOL)

utilisateurs professionnels ont moins de 40 ans; 65,9% des réparateurs sont âgés au plus de 36 ans. Les acteurs de sexe ..... conséquences négatives des DEEE sur la santé ..... Chine où un réseau de coopération entre les institutions ...

La fibrillation atriale, fréquence, facteurs étiologiques, évolution et traitement dans un service de cardiologie de Dakar, Sénégal

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Kane Abdoul

2010-09-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: La fibrillation atriale est le trouble du rythme cardiaque soutenu le plus fréquent. Les objectifs de ce travail étaient d’étudier la fréquence, les facteurs étiologiques, l’évolution et le traitement de la fibrillation atriale dans un service de cardiologie de Dakar au Sénégal. METHODES: Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective réalisée sur cinq ans et portant sur l’analyse de 150 dossiers de patients hospitalisés pour une fibrillation atriale. RESULTATS: La fréquence de la fibrillation atriale était de 5,35 % et représentait 66% des troubles du rythme cardiaque avec une prédominance féminine (sex-ratio H/F = 0,45 et un âge moyen de 57,06 ± 18,64 ans. L’origine de la fibrillation était valvulaire dans 36,7% des cas. Les complications thromboemboliques étaient plus fréquentes dans la fibrillation atriale non valvulaire (p=0,006, chez les sujets d’âge > 50 ans (p=0,01 et en cas de dilatation de l’oreillette gauche (p=0,05. Une anticoagulation par anti-vitamine K était instaurée dans 62% des cas et un traitement de contrôle de la fréquence cardiaque dans 87,33%. CONCLUSION: La fibrillation atriale est fréquente en milieu hospitalier africain et concerne des sujets relativement jeunes. L’hypertension artérielle et les valvulopathies rhumatismales sont les principaux facteurs étiologiques. Le traitement reste essentiellement médicamenteux par contrôle de la fréquence cardiaque.

Magnetic susceptibilities of liquid Cr-Au, Mn-Au and Fe-Au alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ohno, S.; Shimakura, H. [Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603 (Japan); Tahara, S. [Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213 (Japan); Okada, T. [Niigata College of Technology, Kamishin’eicho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2076 (Japan)

2015-08-17

The magnetic susceptibility of liquid Cr-Au, Mn-Au, Fe-Au and Cu-Au alloys was investigated as a function of temperature and composition. Liquid Cr{sub 1-c}Au{sub c} with 0.5 ≤ c and Mn{sub 1-c}Au{sub c} with 0.3≤c obeyed the Curie-Weiss law with regard to their dependence of χ on temperature. The magnetic susceptibilities of liquid Fe-Au alloys also exhibited Curie-Weiss behavior with a reasonable value for the effective number of Bohr magneton. On the Au-rich side, the composition dependence of χ for liquid TM-Au (TM=Cr, Mn, Fe) alloys increased rapidly with increasing TM content, respectively. Additionally, the composition dependences of χ for liquid Cr-Au, Mn-Au, and Fe-Au alloys had maxima at compositions of 50 at% Cr, 70 at% Mn, and 85 at% Fe, respectively. We compared the composition dependences of χ{sub 3d} due to 3d electrons for liquid binary TM-M (M=Au, Al, Si, Sb), and investigated the relationship between χ{sub 3d} and E{sub F} in liquid binary TM-M alloys at a composition of 50 at% TM.

Les réseaux d’investissement dans le thermalisme au XIXe siècle en France

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Jérôme Penez

2004-03-01

Full Text Available Le XIXe siècle est le siècle de la « fièvre thermale » en France. Pour permettre cet extraordinaire développement, l’argent est nécessaire. La station thermale apparaît comme un eldorado où la fortune est à portée de la main. Cette fortune n’est pourtant pas si facile à obtenir, la gestion thermale est ingrate, et les centaines de villes d’eaux françaises ne peuvent pas toutes obtenir un succès comparable à celui de Vichy ou d’Aix-les-Bains. Le thermalisme français est diversité, diversité dans les réussites, diversité dans les types de gestion (de la gestion étatique à la gestion privée, diversité dans sa fréquentation, diversité dans ses périodes de développement, diversité dans les moyens de son financement. Etudier l’importance ou au contraire la rareté des réseaux d’investissement dans le thermalisme permet de lever une partie du voile de l’histoire encore bien mystérieuse des villes d’eaux françaises.

La globalización de productos culturales: Un Análisis Webométrico de Kpop en países de habla hispana

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Xanat Vargas Meza

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Este estudio examina la red de difusión de Kpop en los países de habla hispana, abordando sus patrones de comunicación y centros principales, ilustrando las actividades y relaciones de los fans de Kpop en Twitter. Basándose en NodeXL, Tweets con el hashtag "Kpop" fueron recolectados entre Marzo y Agosto del 2012, y los patrones estructurales y de información de la comunicación por redes sociales fueron analizados a través de una serie de métodos webométricos. Los resultados indican que el Kpop ganó una pequeña pero creciente porción de las preferencias musicales en los países hispanos como resultado de los esfuerzos combinados de las empresas de difusión pública y los fans. El presente estudio es el primero enfocado en países que comparten un lenguaje común para proporcionar una mejor comprensión de la difusión de productos culturales a través de Twitter.

Microstructural, electrical and frequency-dependent properties of Au/p-Cu2ZnSnS4/n-GaN heterojunction.

Science.gov (United States)

Rajagopal Reddy, V; Janardhanam, V; Won, Jonghan; Choi, Chel-Jong

2017-08-01

An Au/Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS)/n-GaN heterojunction (HJ) is fabricated with a CZTS interlayer and probed its chemical states, structural, electrical and frequency-dependent characteristics by XPS, TEM, I-V and C-V measurements. XPS and TEM results confirmed that the CZTS films are formed on the n-GaN surface. The band gap of deposited CZTS film is found to be 1.55eV. The electrical properties of HJ correlated with the Au/n-GaN Schottky junction (SJ). The Au/CZTS/n-GaN HJ reveals a good rectification nature with high barrier height (0.82eV) compared to the Au/n-GaN SJ (0.69eV), which suggests the barrier height is influenced by the CZTS interlayer. The barrier height values assessed by I-V, Cheung's and Norde functions are closely matched with one other, thus the methods used here are reliable and valid. The extracted interface state density (N SS ) of Au/CZTS/n-GaN HJ is lower compared to the Au/n-GaN SJ that suggests the CZTS interlayer plays an important role in the reduction of N SS . Moreover, the capacitance-frequency (C-f) and conductance-frequency (G-f) characteristics of SJ and HJ are measured in the range of 1kHz-1MHz, and found that the capacitance and conductance strappingly dependent on frequency. It is found that the N SS estimated from C-f and G-f characteristics is lower compared to those estimated from I-V characteristics. Analysis confirmed that Poole-Frenkel emission dominates the reverse leakage current in both SJ and HJ, probably related to the structural defects and trap levels in the CZTS interlayer. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Synthesis and crystal structure of a new Cu3Au-type ternary phase in the Au-In-Pd system: distribution of atoms over crystallographic positions.

Science.gov (United States)

Ptashkina, Evgeniya A; Kabanova, Elizaveta G; Tursina, Anna I; Yatsenko, Alexandr V; Kuznetsov, Victor N

2018-03-01

A new Cu 3 Au-type ternary phase (τ phase) is found in the AuPd-rich part of the Au-In-Pd system. It has a broad homogeneity range based on extensive (Pd,Au) and (In,Au) replacement, with the composition varying between Au 17.7 In 25.3 Pd 57.0 and Au 50.8 In 16.2 Pd 33.0 . The occupancies of the crystallographic positions were studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction for three samples of different composition. The sites with m-3m symmetry are occupied by atoms with a smaller scattering power than the atoms located on 4/mmm sites. Two extreme structure models were refined. Within the first, the occupation type changes from (Au,In,Pd) 3 (Pd,In) to (Au,Pd) 3 (In,Pd,Au) with an increase in the Au gross content. For the second model, the occupation type (Au,In,Pd) 3 (Pd,Au) remains essentially unchanged for all Au concentrations. Although the diffraction data do not allow the choice of one of these models, the latter model, where Au substitutes In on 4/mmm sites, seems to be preferable, since it agrees with the fact that the homogeneity range of the τ phase is inclined to the Au corner and provides the same occupation type for all the studied samples of different compositions.

Proton rapidity distributions from 60 GeV/n 16O+Au collisions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baechler, J.; Hoffman, M.; Runge, K.; Schmoetten, E.; Bialkowska, H.; Bock, R.; Brockmann, R.; Guerra, C.; Humanic, T.; Sandoval, A.; Buncic, P.; Ljubicic, A.; Paic, G.; Vranic, D.; Chase, S.I.; Favuzzi, C.; Ferenec, D.; Nappi, E.; Posa, F.; Spinelli, P.; Derado, I.; Eckardt, V.; Gebauer, H.J.; Rauch, W.; Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Seyerlein, J.; Vesztergombi, G.; Eschke, J.; Heck, W.; Kabana, S.; Kuhmichel, A.; Lahanas, M.; Lee, Y.; Margetis, S.; Renfordt, R.; Rohrich, D.; Rothard, H.; Schmidt, E.; Schneider, I.; Stock, R.; Stroebele, H.; Wenig, S.; Kadija, K.; Karabarbounis, A.; Panagiotou, A.; Petridis, A.; Vassileiadis, G.; Keidel, R.; Piper, A.; Puhlhofer, F.; Kosiec, J.; Warsaw Univ.

1990-05-01

An analysis of the proton rapidity distribution in central 16 O+Au collisions at 60 GeV/n measured in the NA35 streamer chamber detector at the CERN SPS is presented. The charge excess of positive particles over negative particles was measured. The rapidity distribution of the charge excess which can be associated with the primordial protons in the collision is studied in terms of the nuclear stopping power and is compared to the predictions of various models. 7 refs., 2 figs

Proton rapidity distributions from 60 GeV/n 16O + Au collisions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tonse, S.

1990-05-01

An analysis of the proton rapidity distribution in central 16 O + Au collisions at 60 GeV/n measured in the NA35 streamer chamber detector at the CERN SPS is presented. The charge excess of positive particles over negative particles was measured. The rapidity distribution of the charge excess which can be associated with the primordial protons in the collision is studies in terms of the nuclear stopping power and is compared to the predictions of various models. 7 refs., 2 figs

Enhancing Light-Driven Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by Anchoring Au onto C3N4 Catalysts

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Xiaoyu Chang

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Light-driven production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 is a green and sustainable way to achieve solar-to-chemical energy conversion. During such a conversion, both the high activity and the stability of catalysts were critical. We prepared an Au-supported C3N4 catalyst—i.e., Au/C3N4-500(N2—by strongly anchoring Au nanoparticles (~5 nm onto a C3N4 matrix—which simultaneously enhanced the activity towards the photosynthesis of H2O2 and the stability when it was reused. The yield of H2O2 reached 1320 μmol L−1 on Au/C3N4-500(N2 after 4 h of light irradiation in an acidic solution (pH 3, which was higher than that (1067 μmol L−1 of the control sample Au/C3N4-500(Air and 2.3 times higher than that of the pristine C3N4. Particularly, the catalyst Au/C3N4-500(N2 retained a much higher stability. The yield of H2O2 had a marginal decrease on the spent catalyst—i.e., 98% yield was kept. In comparison, only 70% yield was obtained from the spent control catalyst. The robust anchoring of Au onto C3N4 improved their interaction, which remarkably decreased the Au leaching when it was used and avoided the aggregation and aging of Au particles. Minimal Au leaching was detected on the spent catalyst. The kinetic analyses indicated that the highest formation rate of H2O2 was achieved on the Au/C3N4-500(N2 catalyst. The decomposition tests and kinetic behaviors of H2O2 were also carried out. These findings suggested that the formation rate of H2O2 could be a determining factor for efficient production of H2O2.

Influence of a deep-level-defect band formed in a heavily Mg-doped GaN contact layer on the Ni/Au contact to p-GaN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Xiao-Jing; Zhao De-Gang; Jiang De-Sheng; Chen Ping; Zhu Jian-Jun; Liu Zong-Shun; Yang Jing; He Xiao-Guang; Yang Hui; Zhang Li-Qun; Zhang Shu-Ming; Le Ling-Cong; Liu Jian-Ping

2015-01-01

The influence of a deep-level-defect (DLD) band formed in a heavily Mg-doped GaN contact layer on the performance of Ni/Au contact to p-GaN is investigated. The thin heavily Mg-doped GaN (p ++ -GaN) contact layer with DLD band can effectively improve the performance of Ni/Au ohmic contact to p-GaN. The temperature-dependent I–V measurement shows that the variable-range hopping (VRH) transportation through the DLD band plays a dominant role in the ohmic contact. The thickness and Mg/Ga flow ratio of p ++ -GaN contact layer have a significant effect on ohmic contact by controlling the Mg impurity doping and the formation of a proper DLD band. When the thickness of the p ++ -GaN contact layer is 25 nm thick and the Mg/Ga flow rate ratio is 10.29%, an ohmic contact with low specific contact resistivity of 6.97× 10 −4 Ω·cm 2 is achieved. (paper)

Computational study of AuSi{sub n} (n=1-9) nanoalloy clusters invoking DFT based descriptors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ranjan, Prabhat; Kumar, Ajay [Department of Mechatronics, Manipal University Jaipur Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur-303007 (India); Chakraborty, Tanmoy, E-mail: tanmoy.chakraborty@jaipur.manipal.edu, E-mail: tanmoychem@gmail.com [Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur-303007 (India)

2016-04-13

Nanoalloy clusters formed between Au and Si are topics of great interest today from both scientific and technological point of view. Due to its remarkable catalytic, electronic, mechanical and magnetic properties Au-Si nanoalloy clusters have extensive applications in the field of microelectronics, catalysis, biomedicine, and jewelry industry. Density Functional Theory (DFT) is a new paradigm of quantum mechanics, which is very much popular to study the electronic properties of materials. Conceptual DFT based descriptors have been invoked to correlate the experimental properties of nanoalloy clusters. In this venture, we have systematically investigated AuSi{sub n} (n=1-9) nanoalloy clusters in the theoretical frame of the B3LYP exchange correlation. The experimental properties of AuSi{sub n} (n=1-9) nanoalloy clusters are correlated in terms of DFT based descriptors viz. HOMO-LUMO gap, Electronegativity (χ), Global Hardness (η), Global Softness (S) and Electrophilicity Index (ω). The calculated HOMO-LUMO gap exhibits interesting odd-even alteration behaviour, indicating that even numbered clusters possess higher stability as compare to their neighbour odd numbered clusters. This study also reflects a very well agreement between experimental bond length and computed data.

La práctica filosófica en los países nórdicos

OpenAIRE

Arnaiz, Gabriel

2012-01-01

En este artículo se expone una visión panorámica de la situación de la práctica filosófica (en un sentido amplio, esto es, incluyendo no sólo el trabajo individual sino también el grupal, aunque centrada más en la OrFi) en los países nórdicos, especialmente en Noruega, así como de sus principales protagonistas, y sus influencias más importantes. Se agrupan los filósofos en tres generaciones: la primera compuesta fundamentalmente por Anders Lindseth, y muy influida por la concepción achenbachi...

Hot Hole Collection and Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction with Plasmonic Au/p-GaN Photocathodes.

Science.gov (United States)

DuChene, Joseph S; Tagliabue, Giulia; Welch, Alex J; Cheng, Wen-Hui; Atwater, Harry A

2018-04-11

Harvesting nonequilibrium hot carriers from plasmonic-metal nanostructures offers unique opportunities for driving photochemical reactions at the nanoscale. Despite numerous examples of hot electron-driven processes, the realization of plasmonic systems capable of harvesting hot holes from metal nanostructures has eluded the nascent field of plasmonic photocatalysis. Here, we fabricate gold/p-type gallium nitride (Au/p-GaN) Schottky junctions tailored for photoelectrochemical studies of plasmon-induced hot-hole capture and conversion. Despite the presence of an interfacial Schottky barrier to hot-hole injection of more than 1 eV across the Au/p-GaN heterojunction, plasmonic Au/p-GaN photocathodes exhibit photoelectrochemical properties consistent with the injection of hot holes from Au nanoparticles into p-GaN upon plasmon excitation. The photocurrent action spectrum of the plasmonic photocathodes faithfully follows the surface plasmon resonance absorption spectrum of the Au nanoparticles and open-circuit voltage studies demonstrate a sustained photovoltage during plasmon excitation. Comparison with Ohmic Au/p-NiO heterojunctions confirms that the vast majority of hot holes generated via interband transitions in Au are sufficiently hot to inject above the 1.1 eV interfacial Schottky barrier at the Au/p-GaN heterojunction. We further investigated plasmon-driven photoelectrochemical CO 2 reduction with the Au/p-GaN photocathodes and observed improved selectivity for CO production over H 2 evolution in aqueous electrolytes. Taken together, our results offer experimental validation of photoexcited hot holes more than 1 eV below the Au Fermi level and demonstrate a photoelectrochemical platform for harvesting hot carriers to drive solar-to-fuel energy conversion.

First results from Position-Sensitive quantum calorimeters using Mo/Au Transition-Edge Sensors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali; Chervenak, Jay; Finkbeiner, Fred M.; Li, Mary; Lindeman, Mark A.; Stahle, Caroline K.; Stahle, Carl M.

2002-01-01

We report the first results from a high-energy-resolution imaging spectrometer called a Position-Sensitive Transition-Edge Sensor (PoST). A PoST is a quantum calorimeter consisting of two Transition Edge Sensors (TESs) on the ends of a long absorber to do one dimensional imaging spectroscopy. Comparing rise time and energy information, the position of the event in the PoST is determined. Energy is inferred from the sum of the two pulses. We have fabricated 7- and 15-pixel PoSTs using Mo-Au TESs and Au absorbers. We have achieved 32 eV FWHM energy resolution at 1.5 keV with a 7-pixel PoST calorimeter

Top-Contact Pentacene-Based Organic Thin Film Transistor (OTFT) with N, N'-Bis(3-Methyl Phenyl)- N, N'-Diphenyl Benzidine (TPD)/Au Bilayer Source-Drain Electrode

Science.gov (United States)

Borthakur, Tribeni; Sarma, Ranjit

2018-01-01

A top-contact Pentacene-based organic thin film transistor (OTFT) with N, N'-Bis (3-methyl phenyl)- N, N'-diphenyl benzidine (TPD)/Au bilayer source-drain electrode is reported. The devices with TPD/Au bilayer source-drain (S-D) electrodes show better performance than the single layer S-D electrode OTFT devices. The field-effect mobility of 4.13 cm2 v-1 s-1, the on-off ratio of 1.86 × 107, the threshold voltage of -4 v and the subthreshold slope of .27 v/decade, respectively, are obtained from the device with a TPD/Au bilayer source-drain electrode.

Gold(I) Complexes with N-Donor Ligands. 2.(1) Reactions of Ammonium Salts with [Au(acac-kappaC(2))(PR(3))] To Give [Au(NH(3))L](+), [(AuL)(2)(&mgr;(2)-NH(2))](+), [(AuL)(4)(&mgr;(4)-N)](+), or [(AuL)(3)(&mgr;(3)-O)](+). A New and Facile Synthesis of [Au(NH(3))(2)](+) Salts. Crystal Structure of [{AuP(C(6)H(4)OMe-4)(3)}(3)(&mgr;(3)-O)]CF(3)SO(3).

Science.gov (United States)

Vicente, José; Chicote, María-Teresa; Guerrero, Rita; Jones, Peter G.; Ramírez De Arellano, M. Carmen

1997-09-24

The complexes [Au(acac-kappaC(2))(PR(3))] (acac = acetylacetonate, R = Ph, C(6)H(4)OMe-4) react with (NH(4))ClO(4) to give amminegold(I), [Au(NH(3))(PR(3))]ClO(4), amidogold(I), [(AuPR(3))(2)(&mgr;(2)-NH(2))]ClO(4), or nitridogold(I), [(AuPR(3))(4)(&mgr;(4)-N)]ClO(4), complexes, depending on the reaction conditions. Similarly, [Au(acac-kappaC(2))(PPh(3))] reacts with (NH(3)R')OTf (OTf = CF(3)SO(3)) (1:1) or with [H(3)N(CH(2))(2)NH(2)]OTf (1:1) to give (amine)gold(I) complexes [Au(NH(2)R')(PPh(3))]OTf (R' = Me, C(6)H(4)NO(2)-4) or [(AuPPh(3))(2){&mgr;(2)-H(2)N(CH(2))(2)NH(2)}](OTf)(2), respectively. The ammonium salts (NH(2)R'(2))OTf (R' = Et, Ph) react with [Au(acac-kappaC(2))(PR(3))] (R = Ph, C(6)H(4)OMe-4) (1:2) to give, after hydrolysis, the oxonium salts [(AuPR(3))(3)(&mgr;(3)-O)]OTf (R = Ph, C(6)H(4)OMe-4). When NH(3) is bubbled through a solution of [AuCl(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene), the complex [Au(NH(3))(2)]Cl precipitates. Addition of [Au(NH(3))(2)]Cl to a solution of AgClO(4) or TlOTf leads to the isolation of [Au(NH(3))(2)]ClO(4) or [Au(NH(3))(2)]OTf, respectively. The crystal structure of [(AuPR(3))(3)(&mgr;(3)-O)]OTf.Me(2)CO (R = C(6)H(4)OMe-4) has been determined: triclinic, space group P&onemacr;, a = 14.884(3) Å, b = 15.828(3) Å, c = 16.061(3) Å, alpha = 83.39(3) degrees, beta = 86.28(3) degrees, gamma = 65.54(3) degrees, R1 (wR2) = 0.0370 (0.0788). The [(AuPR(3))(3)(&mgr;(3)-O)](+) cation shows an essentially trigonal pyramidal array of three gold atoms and one oxygen atom with O-Au-P bond angles of ca. 175 degrees and Au.Au contacts in the range 2.9585(7)-3.0505(14) Å. These cations are linked into centrosymmetric dimers through two short Au.Au [2.9585(7), 3.0919(9) Å] contacts. The gold atoms of the dimer form a six-membered ring with a chair conformation.

Au/n-ZnO rectifying contact fabricated with hydrogen peroxide pretreatment

Science.gov (United States)

Gu, Q. L.; Cheung, C. K.; Ling, C. C.; Ng, A. M. C.; Djurišić, A. B.; Lu, L. W.; Chen, X. D.; Fung, S.; Beling, C. D.; Ong, H. C.

2008-05-01

Au contacts were deposited on n-type ZnO single crystals with and without hydrogen peroxide pretreatment for the ZnO substrate. The Au/ZnO contacts fabricated on substrates without H2O2 pretreatment were Ohmic and those with H2O2 pretreatment were rectifying. With an aim of fabricating a good quality Schottky contact, the rectifying property of the Au/ZnO contact was systemically investigated by varying the treatment temperature and duration. The best performing Schottky contact was found to have an ideality factor of 1.15 and a leakage current of ˜10-7 A cm-2. A multispectroscopic study, including scanning electron microscopy, positron annihilation spectroscopy, deep level transient spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photoluminescence, showed that the H2O2 treatment removed the OH impurity and created Zn-vacancy related defects hence decreasing the conductivity of the ZnO surface layer, a condition favorable for forming good Schottky contact. However, the H2O2 treatment also resulted in a deterioration of the surface morphology, leading to an increase in the Schottky contact ideality factor and leakage current in the case of nonoptimal treatment time and temperature.

Enhanced absorption in Au nanoparticles/a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cells exploiting Au surface plasmon resonance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Losurdo, Maria; Giangregorio, Maria M.; Bianco, Giuseppe V.; Sacchetti, Alberto; Capezzuto, Pio; Bruno, Giovanni [Institute of Inorganic Methodologies and of Plasmas, IMIP-CNR, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari (Italy)

2009-10-15

Au nanoparticles (NPs)/(n-type)a-Si:H/(p-type)c-Si heterojunctions have been deposited combining plasma-enhanced chemical-vapour deposition (PECVD) with Au sputtering. We demonstrate that a density of {proportional_to}1.3 x 10{sup 11} cm{sup -2} of Au nanoparticles with an approximately 20 nm diameter deposited onto (n-type)a-Si:H/(p-type)c-Si heterojunctions enhance performance exploiting the improved absorption of light by the surface plasmon resonance of Au NPs. In particular, Au NPs/(n-type)a-Si:H/(p-type)c-Si show an enhancement of 20% in the short-circuit current, J{sub SC}, 25% in the power output, P{sub max} and 3% in the fill factor, FF, compared to heterojunctions without Au NPs. Structures have been characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy and current-voltage (I-V) measurements to correlate the plasmon resonance-induced enhanced absorption of light with photovoltaic performance. (author)

Prise en charge de l'hematurie au chu Sylvanus Olympio de Lome ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Une transfusion sanguine avait été réalisée dans 64,8% des cas et nous avions enregistré 4 cas de décès. Conclusion : Les hématuries sont relativement fréquentes au Togo et souvent de causes tumorales. Elles nécessitent une prise en charge précoce pour un meilleur pronostic. Mots clés : hématurie, épidémiologie, ...

The investigation of topological phase of Gd1-xYxAuPb (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) alloys under hydrostatic pressure

Science.gov (United States)

Saeidi, Parviz; Nourbakhsh, Zahra

2018-04-01

Topological phase of Gd1-xYxAuPb (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) alloys have been studied utilizing density function theory by WIEN2k code. The generalized gradient approximation (GGA), generalized gradient approximation plus Hubbard parameter (GGA + U), Modified Becke and Johnson (MBJ) and GGA Engel-vosko in the presence of spin orbit coupling have been used to investigate the topological band structure of Gd1-xYxAuPb alloys at zero pressure. The topological phase and band order of these alloys within GGA and GGA + U approaches under hydrostatic pressure are also investigated. We find that under hydrostatic pressure in some percentages of Gd1-xYxAuPb (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) alloys in both GGA and GGA + U approaches, the trivial topological phase is converted into nontrivial topological phase. In addition, the band inversion strength versus lattice constant of these alloys is studied. Moreover, the schematic plan is represented in order to show the trivial and nontrivial topological phase of Gd1-xYxAuPb (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) alloys in both GGA and GGA + U approaches.

Evaluación por rendimiento de 12 genotipos promisorios de fríjol voluble (Phaseolus vulgaris L. tipo Bola roja y Reventón para las zonas frías de Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

López Jesús Edgardo

2006-12-01

Full Text Available

10.0pt; font-family: ";Cambria";,";serif";; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Baskerville; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Baskerville;">El fríjol común (10.0pt; font-family: ";Cambria";,";serif";; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Baskerville-Italic; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Baskerville-Italic;">Phaseolus vulgaris 10.0pt; font-family: ";Cambria";,";serif";; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Baskerville; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Baskerville;">L. es un alimento básico en la región Andina por ser una fuente rica en proteína y de bajo costo. La investigación para incrementar rendimientos en esta leguminosa es una opción para mejorar la competitividad en el mercado mundial. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue evaluar por rendimiento los genotipos promisorios de fríjol voluble, tipos Bola roja y Reventón, para las zonas frías de Colombia mediante el análisis de sendero. Se realizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres réplicas para evaluar 10 genotipos promisorios de fríjol voluble. El análisis de sendero para el rendimiento por planta y las correlaciones entre el rendimiento y sus componentes mostraron que el carácter número de vainas por planta es el de mayor importancia sobre la determinación del rendimiento, en comparación con los caracteres peso de 100 semillas y número de semillas por vaina, tanto en los genotipos de fríjol voluble tipo Bola roja como tipo Reventón. 

qualite des eaux du bandama-blanc (cote d'ivoire) et de ses ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La qualité écologique des eaux des localités soumises à l'exploitation artisanale et clandestine de l'or au niveau du Bandama-Blanc et de ses affluents a été étudiée entre le 01 et le 15 Avril 2015. Le prélèvement du phytoplancton a été réalisé à l'aide de la bouteille hydrologique et du filet à plancton, tandis que le.

El camino hacia la estabilización demográfica y el proceso de envejecimiento en América Latina: una ilustración a partir de algunos países seleccionados

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moema G. B. Fígoli

2003-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo incorpora el concepto de inercia demográfica para evaluar el crecimiento poblacional de cinco países de América Latina, suponiendo el tiempo que tomará a la fecundidad alcanzar niveles de reemplazo. Las simulaciones muestran que en países con alta mortalidad, v.g. Haití y Guatemala, la pendiente de la distribución estable decae más rápido que en países con baja mortalidad a medida que aumenta la edad. Este ejercicio teórico muestra en todas las simulaciones que el tamaño de la población de los países de América Latina, que iniciaron su transición demográfica décadas atrás, no experimentará un crecimiento considerable. La población de Brasil y de Argentina, aún al alcanzar su límite teórico, no se duplicará. A pesar de que el límite teórico de las poblaciones analizadas se alcanzará en 400 a 500 años, éstos alcanzarán un estado “cuasi-estable” entre los años 2050 y 2100.

Gestión de costos de desechos y desperdicios en las MYPES de la confección

OpenAIRE

Bonilla Pastor, Elsie

2016-01-01

Las MYPE´s del Perú representan el 99.3% del total deempresas con iniciativas económicas y generan el 75%del empleo. Sin embargo, a diferencia de lo que ocurreen países desarrollados como USA y Japón, su nivelde competitividad es bajo y su condición financieraes frágil, siendo su participación en las exportacionesmenor que 1%. La inadecuada gestión de la calidadde sus procesos, genera desechos y desperdicios, queincrementan los costos, reduciendo su productividady rentabilidad. La investigaci...

Near-side azimuthal and pseudorapidity correlations using neutral strange baryons and mesons in d +Au , Cu + Cu, and Au + Au collisions at √{sN N}=200 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Abelev, B.; Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alekseev, I.; Aparin, A.; Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Ashraf, M. U.; Attri, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bai, X.; Bairathi, V.; Barnby, L. S.; Bellwied, R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bhattarai, P.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bland, L. C.; Bombara, M.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Bouchet, J.; Brandenburg, J. D.; Brandin, A. V.; Bunzarov, I.; Butterworth, J.; Caines, H.; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M.; Campbell, J. M.; Cebra, D.; Chakaberia, I.; Chaloupka, P.; Chang, Z.; Chatterjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, J. H.; Chen, X.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Christie, W.; Contin, G.; Crawford, H. J.; Das, S.; De Silva, L. C.; Debbe, R. R.; Dedovich, T. G.; Deng, J.; Derevschikov, A. A.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dilks, C.; Dong, X.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Draper, J. E.; Du, C. M.; Dunkelberger, L. E.; Dunlop, J. C.; Efimov, L. G.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Esha, R.; Evdokimov, O.; Eyser, O.; Fatemi, R.; Fazio, S.; Federic, P.; Fedorisin, J.; Feng, Z.; Filip, P.; Fisyak, Y.; Flores, C. E.; Fulek, L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Gaillard, L.; Garand, D.; Geurts, F.; Gibson, A.; Girard, M.; Greiner, L.; Grosnick, D.; Gunarathne, D. S.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.; Guryn, W.; Hamad, A. I.; Hamed, A.; Haque, R.; Harris, J. W.; He, L.; Heppelmann, S.; Heppelmann, S.; Hirsch, A.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Horvat, S.; Huang, T.; Huang, B.; Huang, X.; Huang, H. Z.; Huck, P.; Humanic, T. J.; Igo, G.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jang, H.; Jentsch, A.; Jia, J.; Jiang, K.; Jones, P. G.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kalinkin, D.; Kang, K.; Kauder, K.; Ke, H. W.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Khan, Z. H.; Kikoła, D. P.; Kisel, I.; Kisiel, A.; Kochenda, L.; Koetke, D. D.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Kraishan, A. F.; Kravtsov, P.; Krueger, K.; Kumar, L.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Landry, K. D.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednicky, R.; Lee, J. H.; Li, C.; Li, Y.; Li, W.; Li, X.; Li, X.; Lin, T.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, F.; Ljubicic, T.; Llope, W. J.; Lomnitz, M.; Longacre, R. S.; Luo, S.; Luo, X.; Ma, L.; Ma, R.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Magdy, N.; Majka, R.; Manion, A.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Matis, H. S.; McDonald, D.; McKinzie, S.; Meehan, K.; Mei, J. C.; Miller, Z. W.; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mishra, D.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Morozov, D. A.; Mustafa, M. K.; Nandi, B. K.; Nattrass, C.; Nasim, Md.; Nayak, T. K.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Niida, T.; Nogach, L. V.; Noh, S. Y.; Novak, J.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Oh, K.; Okorokov, V. A.; Olvitt, D.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Pan, Y. X.; Pandit, Y.; Panebratsev, Y.; Pawlik, B.; Pei, H.; Perkins, C.; Pile, P.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Porter, J.; Posik, M.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Pruthi, N. K.; Putschke, J.; Qiu, H.; Quintero, A.; Ramachandran, S.; Ray, R. L.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J. B.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Ruan, L.; Rusnak, J.; Rusnakova, O.; Sahoo, N. R.; Sahu, P. K.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Sarkar, A.; Schambach, J.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schmah, A. M.; Schmidke, W. B.; Schmitz, N.; Seger, J.; Seyboth, P.; Shah, N.; Shahaliev, E.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Shao, M.; Sharma, B.; Sharma, A.; Sharma, M. K.; Shen, W. Q.; Shi, Z.; Shi, S. S.; Shou, Q. Y.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sikora, R.; Simko, M.; Singha, S.; Skoby, M. J.; Smirnov, N.; Smirnov, D.; Solyst, W.; Song, L.; Sorensen, P.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Stepanov, M.; Stock, R.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Sumbera, M.; Summa, B.; Sun, Y.; Sun, Z.; Sun, X. M.; Surrow, B.; Svirida, D. N.; Tang, Z.; Tang, A. H.; Tarnowsky, T.; Tawfik, A.; Thäder, J.; Thomas, J. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Tlusty, D.; Todoroki, T.; Tokarev, M.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Tribedy, P.; Tripathy, S. K.; Tsai, O. D.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Upsal, I.; Van Buren, G.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Vandenbroucke, M.; Varma, R.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Vertesi, R.; Videbæk, F.; Vokal, S.; Voloshin, S. A.; Vossen, A.; Wang, H.; Wang, Y.; Wang, G.; Wang, Y.; Wang, J. S.; Wang, F.; Webb, G.; Webb, J. C.; Wen, L.; Westfall, G. D.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Y.; Xiao, Z. G.; Xie, W.; Xie, G.; Xin, K.; Xu, Y. F.; Xu, Q. H.; Xu, N.; Xu, J.; Xu, H.; Xu, Z.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Q.; Yang, S.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Yang, C.; Ye, Z.; Ye, Z.; Yi, L.; Yip, K.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yu, N.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zha, W.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhou, L.; Zhu, X.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.; Zyzak, M.; STAR Collaboration

2016-07-01

We present measurements of the near side of triggered di-hadron correlations using neutral strange baryons (Λ ,Λ ¯) and mesons (KS0) at intermediate transverse momentum (3 < pT <6 GeV /c ) to look for possible flavor and baryon-meson dependence. This study is performed in d +Au , Cu+Cu, and Au+Au collisions at √{sN N}=200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The near-side di-hadron correlation contains two structures, a peak which is narrow in azimuth and pseudorapidity consistent with correlations from jet fragmentation, and a correlation in azimuth which is broad in pseudorapidity. The particle composition of the jet-like correlation is determined using identified associated particles. The dependence of the conditional yield of the jet-like correlation on the trigger particle momentum, associated particle momentum, and centrality for correlations with unidentified trigger particles are presented. The neutral strange particle composition in jet-like correlations with unidentified charged particle triggers is not well described by PYTHIA. However, the yield of unidentified particles in jet-like correlations with neutral strange particle triggers is described reasonably well by the same model.

Absolute measurement of the cross sections of neutron radiative capture for 23Na, Cr, 55Mn, Fe, Ni, 103Rh, Ta, 197Au and 238U in the 10-600keV energy range

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Le Rigoleur, Claude; Arnaud, Andre; Taste, Jean.

1976-10-01

The total energy weighting technique has been applied to measuring absolute neutron capture cross sections for 23 Na, Cr, 55 Mn, Fe, Ni, 103 Rh, Ta, 197 Au, 238 U in the 10-600keV energy range. A non hydrogeneous liquid scintillator was used to detect the gamma from the cascade. The neutron flux was measured with a 10 B INa(Tl) detector or a 6 Li glass scintillator of well known efficiency. The fast time-of-flight technique was used with on line digital computer data processing [fr

Geneviève BÉDOUCHA. Éclipse de lune au Yémen. Émotions et désarrois d’une ethnologue

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean Lambert

2004-09-01

Full Text Available Geneviève Bédoucha est une ethnologue, chercheuse au CNRS, qui a effectué trois enquêtes de terrain au Yémen, en 1984, 1985 et 1986, dans le wâdî Nushûr / wâdî ‘Akwân, à l’est de Sa‘da. Spécialiste de l’irrigation, auteur d’un ouvrage sur les oasis du sud de la Tunisie intitulé L’eau, l’amie du puissant, elle décida de prolonger ses travaux sur un nouveau terrain, au Yémen, qui lui fournirait matière à comparaison. Elle choisit ce wâdî pour son isolement, car il était encore possible, il y a ...

Thermal neutron calibration of a tritium extraction facility using the 6Li(n,t)4He/197Au(n,γ)198Au cross section ratio for standardization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bretscher, M.M.; Smith, D.L.

1980-08-01

Absolute tritium activities in a neutron-activated metallic lithium samples have been measured by liquid scintillation methods to provide data needed for the determination of capture-to-fission ratios in fast breeder reactor spectra and for recent measurements of the 7 Li(n,n't) 4 He cross section. The tritium extraction facility used for all these experiments has now been calibrated by measuring the 6 Li(n,t) 4 He/ 197 Au/n,γ) 198 Au activity ratio for thermal neutrons and comparing the result with the well-known cross sections. The calculated-to-measured activity ratio was found to be 1.033 +- 0.018. 2 figures, 20 tables

Jean Bruller, dessinateur et illustrateur de la littérature coloniale pour la jeunesse de l’entre-deux-guerres : de Loulou chez les nègres (1929 à Baba Diène et Morceau-de-Sucre (1937

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nathalie Gibert-Joly

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Cet article vise à mettre en exergue l’évolution des prises de position contre le colonialisme du dessinateur Jean Bruller, futur écrivain Vercors (1902-1991, dans l’entre-deux-guerres. L’Appel des 121 que Vercors signa sans hésiter en 1960 pour clamer publiquement le droit à l'insoumission dans la guerre d'Algérie, son combat dès 1955 en faveur de l’indépendance de ce pays pourraient nous conduire à une interprétation rétrospective erronée, celle d’un homme et d’un mythe de la résistance anticolonialiste dès le début de l’entrée dans l’âge adulte et dans son parcours artistique vecteur de cette pensée. Les illustrations qu’il fournit pour la littérature de jeunesse de l’entre-deux-guerres, mais aussi l’une de ses créations personnelles prouvent au contraire que le dessinateur bascula d’une acceptation inconsciente à une interrogation critique du colonialisme du début des années vingt à la fin des années trente. De l’empan de Loulou chez les nègres à Baba Diène et Morceau-de-Sucre, nous distinguerons trois moments marqués par la publication d’ouvrages-clés pour comprendre la prise de conscience graduelle de Jean Bruller, visible dans ses choix collaboratifs comme dans les rapports entre le texte et ses dessins. Il est nécessaire de le situer dans un temps autant personnel qu’historique : celui d’un jeune homme dans un milieu éducatif et social donné, mais suffisamment attentif au monde pour avoir les moyens de s’en émanciper ; celui de l’artiste dans ses réalités symboliques et économiques, influencé par des réseaux de sociabilité correspondant à certains de ses idéaux ; celui d’artistes et d’écrivains qui s’interrogent, d’intellectuels qui prennent des positions de plus en plus tranchées au cours de ces années-là.

An Atomically Precise Au10 Ag2 Nanocluster with Red-Near-IR Dual Emission.

Science.gov (United States)

Lei, Zhen; Guan, Zong-Jie; Pei, Xiao-Li; Yuan, Shang-Fu; Wan, Xian-Kai; Zhang, Jin-Yuan; Wang, Quan-Ming

2016-08-01

A red-near-IR dual-emissive nanocluster with the composition [Au10 Ag2 (2-py-C≡C)3 (dppy)6 ](BF4 )5 (1; 2-py-C≡C is 2-pyridylethynyl, dppy=2-pyridyldiphenylphosphine) has been synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis reveals that 1 has a trigonal bipyramidal Au10 Ag2 core that contains a planar Au4 (2-py-C≡C)3 unit sandwiched by two Au3 Ag(dppy)3 motifs. Cluster 1 shows intense red-NIR dual emission in solution. The visible emission originates from metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) from silver atoms to phosphine ligands in the Au3 Ag(dppy)3 motifs, and the intense NIR emission is associated with the participation of 2-pyridylethynyl in the frontier orbitals of the cluster, which is confirmed by a time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculation. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Theoretical study of oxygen adsorption on pure Au-n+1(+) and doped MAun+ cationic gold clusters for M = Ti, Fe and n=3-7

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Torres, M. Begona; Fernandez Sanchez, Eva; Balbas, Luis C.

2008-01-01

A comparative study of the adsorption of an O-2 molecule on pure Au-n+1(+) and doped MAun+ cationic gold clusters for n = 3-7 and M = Ti, Fe is presented. The simultaneous adsorption of two oxygen atoms also was studied. This work was performed by means of first principles calculations based...... with adsorption energies of 0.56 and 0.69 eV, respectively. The ground-state geometry of Au-n(+) is almost unperturbed after O-2 adsorption. The electronic charge flows towards O-2 when the molecule is adsorbed in bridge positions and towards the gold cluster when O-2 is adsorbed on top of An atoms, and both...... with size n are rationalized in terms of O-O and O-M bond distances, as well as charge transfer between oxygen and cluster substrates. The spin multiplicity of those (MAunO2+)(ad) complexes with the highest O-2 adsorption energy is a maximum (minimum) for M = Fe (Ti), corresponding to parallel (anti...

Electrical characterization and nanoscale surface morphology of optimized Ti/Al/Ta/Au ohmic contact for AlGaN/GaN HEMT.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Cong; Kim, Nam-Young

2012-02-07

Good ohmic contacts with low contact resistance, smooth surface morphology, and a well-defined edge profile are essential to ensure optimal device performances for the AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors [HEMTs]. A tantalum [Ta] metal layer and an SiNx thin film were used for the first time as an effective diffusion barrier and encapsulation layer in the standard Ti/Al/metal/Au ohmic metallization scheme in order to obtain high quality ohmic contacts with a focus on the thickness of Ta and SiNx. It is found that the Ta thickness is the dominant factor affecting the contact resistance, while the SiNx thickness affects the surface morphology significantly. An optimized Ti/Al/Ta/Au ohmic contact including a 40-nm thick Ta barrier layer and a 50-nm thick SiNx encapsulation layer is preferred when compared with the other conventional ohmic contact stacks as it produces a low contact resistance of around 7.27 × 10-7 Ω·cm2 and an ultra-low nanoscale surface morphology with a root mean square deviation of around 10 nm. Results from the proposed study play an important role in obtaining excellent ohmic contact formation in the fabrication of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs.

Le débat au sujet des effets du salaire minimum sur l'emploi se ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

13 déc. 2012 ... Le salaire minimum est un sujet qui soulève immanquablement la controverse. Ses partisans affirment qu'il aide les travailleurs au bas de l'échelle salariale et va dans le sens d'une société plus équitable. Ses détracteurs soutiennent que les entreprises vont probablement embaucher moins de travailleurs ...

Diagnóstico de la infección micobacteriana diseminada: evaluación de un método sencillo y barato para países en desarrollo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fandinho F. C .O.

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Con el desarrollo de la epidemia del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (sida, el aislamiento de micobacterias de la sangre se ha convertido en un problema habitual de los laboratorios clínicos. En el presente estudio se evaluaron dos métodos para aislar micobacterias en muestras de sangre de pacientes de sida: 1 la inoculación directa en un medio bifásico y 2 un método no comercializado de lisis por centrifugación. A cada uno de los 50 pacientes de sida con sospecha de enfermedad micobacteriana diseminada se le extrajeron tres muestras de sangre consecutivas a intervalos de 15 minutos. En 70 de 138 muestras de sangre obtenidas de 30 (60% pacientes se detectó crecimiento de micobacterias. A partir de estos cultivos, en 19 pacientes se aisló Mycobacterium tuberculosis y en 11 (37%, el complejo Mycobacterium avium. Los cultivos en que se utilizó el método de lisis por centrifugación fueron positivos en 54% de los pacientes, mientras que esta cifra se redujo a 44% en los cultivos en que se usó el método bifásico (P > 0,05. El porcentaje de muestras positivas al complejo M. avium fue mayor con el método de centrifugación por lisis (91% que con el de inoculación directa en medio bifásico (45,4% (P 0,05. La técnica no comercializada de centrifugación por lisis es barata, fiable y puede constituir un método alternativo para el diagnóstico de micobacteriemia en países en desarrollo.

Polar and semipolar GaN/Al0.5Ga0.5N nanostructures for UV light emitters

Science.gov (United States)

Brault, J.; Rosales, D.; Damilano, B.; Leroux, M.; Courville, A.; Korytov, M.; Chenot, S.; Vennéguès, P.; Vinter, B.; De Mierry, P.; Kahouli, A.; Massies, J.; Bretagnon, T.; Gil, B.

2014-06-01

AlxGa1-xN-based ultra-violet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) are seen as the best solution for the replacement of traditional mercury lamp technology. By adjusting the Al concentration, a large emission spectrum range from 360 nm (GaN) down to 200 nm (AlN) can be covered. Owing to the large density of defects typically present in AlxGa1-xN materials usually grown on sapphire substrates, LED efficiencies still need to be improved. Taking advantage of the 3D carrier confinement, quantum dots (QDs) are among the solutions currently under investigation to improve the performances of UV LEDs. The objectives of this work are to present and discuss the morphological and optical properties of GaN nanostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy on the (0 0 0 1) and the (11-22) orientations of Al0.5Ga0.5N. In particular, the dependence of the morphological properties of the nanostructures on the growth conditions and the surface orientation will be presented. The optical characteristics as a function of the nanostructure design (size, shape and dimensionality) will also be shown and discussed. The electroluminescence characteristics of a first series of QD-based GaN/Al0.5Ga0.5N LEDs grown on the polar (0 0 0 1) plane will be investigated.

Charge-Dependent Directed Flow in Cu +Au Collisions at √{sN N } =200 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alekseev, I.; Anderson, D. M.; Aoyama, R.; Aparin, A.; Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Ashraf, M. U.; Attri, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bai, X.; Bairathi, V.; Bellwied, R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bhattarai, P.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bland, L. C.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Bouchet, J.; Brandenburg, J. D.; Brandin, A. V.; Bunzarov, I.; Butterworth, J.; Caines, H.; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M.; Campbell, J. M.; Cebra, D.; Chakaberia, I.; Chaloupka, P.; Chang, Z.; Chatterjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, X.; Chen, J. H.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Christie, W.; Contin, G.; Crawford, H. J.; Das, S.; De Silva, L. C.; Debbe, R. R.; Dedovich, T. G.; Deng, J.; Derevschikov, A. A.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dilks, C.; Dong, X.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Draper, J. E.; Du, C. M.; Dunkelberger, L. E.; Dunlop, J. C.; Efimov, L. G.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Esha, R.; Esumi, S.; Evdokimov, O.; Eyser, O.; Fatemi, R.; Fazio, S.; Federic, P.; Fedorisin, J.; Feng, Z.; Filip, P.; Finch, E.; Fisyak, Y.; Flores, C. E.; Fulek, L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Garand, D.; Geurts, F.; Gibson, A.; Girard, M.; Greiner, L.; Grosnick, D.; Gunarathne, D. S.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, S.; Gupta, A.; Guryn, W.; Hamad, A. I.; Hamed, A.; Haque, R.; Harris, J. W.; He, L.; Heppelmann, S.; Heppelmann, S.; Hirsch, A.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Horvat, S.; Huang, B.; Huang, X.; Huang, H. Z.; Huang, T.; Huck, P.; Humanic, T. J.; Igo, G.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jentsch, A.; Jia, J.; Jiang, K.; Jowzaee, S.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kalinkin, D.; Kang, K.; Kauder, K.; Ke, H. W.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Khan, Z. H.; Kikoła, D. P.; Kisel, I.; Kisiel, A.; Kochenda, L.; Koetke, D. D.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Kraishan, A. F.; Kravtsov, P.; Krueger, K.; Kumar, L.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Landry, K. D.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednicky, R.; Lee, J. H.; Li, Y.; Li, C.; Li, W.; Li, X.; Li, X.; Lin, T.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, Y.; Liu, F.; Ljubicic, T.; Llope, W. J.; Lomnitz, M.; Longacre, R. S.; Luo, X.; Luo, S.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, R.; Ma, Y. G.; Ma, L.; Magdy, N.; Majka, R.; Manion, A.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Matis, H. S.; McDonald, D.; McKinzie, S.; Meehan, K.; Mei, J. C.; Miller, Z. W.; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mishra, D.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Morozov, D. A.; Mustafa, M. K.; Nandi, B. K.; Nasim, Md.; Nayak, T. K.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Niida, T.; Nogach, L. V.; Nonaka, T.; Novak, J.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Oh, K.; Okorokov, V. A.; Olvitt, D.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Pan, Y. X.; Pandit, Y.; Panebratsev, Y.; Pawlik, B.; Pei, H.; Perkins, C.; Pile, P.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Porter, J.; Posik, M.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Pruthi, N. K.; Przybycien, M.; Putschke, J.; Qiu, H.; Quintero, A.; Ramachandran, S.; Ray, R. L.; Reed, R.; Rehbein, M. J.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J. B.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Roth, J. D.; Ruan, L.; Rusnak, J.; Rusnakova, O.; Sahoo, N. R.; Sahu, P. K.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Sarkar, A.; Schambach, J.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schmah, A. M.; Schmidke, W. B.; Schmitz, N.; Seger, J.; Seyboth, P.; Shah, N.; Shahaliev, E.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Shao, M.; Sharma, A.; Sharma, M. K.; Sharma, B.; Shen, W. Q.; Shi, S. S.; Shi, Z.; Shou, Q. Y.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sikora, R.; Simko, M.; Singha, S.; Skoby, M. J.; Smirnov, D.; Smirnov, N.; Solyst, W.; Song, L.; Sorensen, P.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Stepanov, M.; Stock, R.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Sugiura, T.; Sumbera, M.; Summa, B.; Sun, Z.; Sun, Y.; Sun, X. M.; Surrow, B.; Svirida, D. N.; Tang, A. H.; Tang, Z.; Tarnowsky, T.; Tawfik, A.; Thäder, J.; Thomas, J. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Tlusty, D.; Todoroki, T.; Tokarev, M.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Tribedy, P.; Tripathy, S. K.; Tsai, O. D.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Upsal, I.; Van Buren, G.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Varma, R.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Vertesi, R.; Videbæk, F.; Vokal, S.; Voloshin, S. A.; Vossen, A.; Wang, G.; Wang, F.; Wang, J. S.; Wang, Y.; Wang, H.; Wang, Y.; Webb, J. C.; Webb, G.; Wen, L.; Westfall, G. D.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Y.; Xiao, Z. G.; Xie, W.; Xie, G.; Xin, K.; Xu, Q. H.; Xu, Y. F.; Xu, H.; Xu, Z.; Xu, N.; Xu, J.; Yang, C.; Yang, Y.; Yang, S.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Q.; Yang, Y.; Ye, Z.; Ye, Z.; Yi, L.; Yip, K.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yu, N.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zha, W.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhou, L.; Zhu, X.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.; Zyzak, M.; STAR Collaboration

2017-01-01

We present the first measurement of charge-dependent directed flow in Cu +Au collisions at √{sN N }=200 GeV . The results are presented as a function of the particle transverse momentum and pseudorapidity for different centralities. A finite difference between the directed flow of positive and negative charged particles is observed that qualitatively agrees with the expectations from the effects of the initial strong electric field between two colliding ions with different nuclear charges. The measured difference in directed flow is much smaller than that obtained from the parton-hadron-string-dynamics model, which suggests that most of the electric charges, i.e., quarks and antiquarks, have not yet been created during the lifetime of the strong electric field, which is of the order of, or less than, 1 fm /c .

Incidence of colorectal cancer and influence of dietary habits in fifteen European countries from 1971 to 2002 Incidencia de cáncer colorrectal e influencia de los hábitos alimenticios en 15 países europeos desde 1971 hasta 2002

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis M. Béjar

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Objective: This study aimed to analyze the incidence of colorectal cancer in 15 European countries in recent decades and the relationship between the incidence found and changes in dietary habits. Methods: Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated by comparing incidence rates obtained from the International Agency for Research on Cancer for 1971-2002 with data on per capita consumption obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations using 10-year delay intervals. Results: Incidence rates increased in all countries except France in men and except Austria, Denmark, England and France in women. Of the dietary variables considered, there were marked increasing trends (linear regression coefficient, R >0.5 in red meat consumption in Germany (R = 0.9, Austria (R = 0.7, Finland (R = 0.8, Italy (R = 0.9, Poland (R = 0.5, Spain (R = 2.1, Sweden (R = 0.6, and the Netherlands (R = 0.7. Conclusions: Changes in dietary habits may be consistent with the observed trends in the incidence of colorectal cancer in the distinct European countries.Introducción: Este estudio analiza la incidencia de cáncer colorrectal en 15 países europeos en las últimas décadas y su relación con cambios en los hábitos alimenticios. Métodos: Coeficientes de correlación de Pearson/Spearman calculados comparando las tasas de incidencia obtenidas de International Agency for Research on Cancer durante 1971-2002 con los consumos per cápita obtenidos de Food and Agriculture Organization con intervalos de retardo de 10 años. Resultados: Las tasas de incidencia aumentan en todos los países, excepto en Francia, en los hombres, y en Austria, Dinamarca, Inglaterra y Francia en las mujeres. De las variables de la dieta estudiadas, hay marcadas tendencias crecientes (coeficiente de regresión lineal, R >0,5 para carne roja en Alemania (R = 0,9, Austria (R = 0,7, España (R = 2,1, Finlandia (R = 0,8, Italia (R = 0,9, Países Bajos (R = 0

Heterojunction metal-oxide-metal Au-Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}-Au single nanowire device for spintronics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reddy, K. M., E-mail: mrkongara@boisestate.edu; Punnoose, Alex; Hanna, Charles [Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725 (United States); Padture, Nitin P. [School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (United States)

2015-05-07

In this report, we present the synthesis of heterojunction magnetite nanowires in alumina template and describe magnetic and electrical properties from a single nanowire device for spintronics applications. Heterojunction Au-Fe-Au nanowire arrays were electrodeposited in porous aluminum oxide templates, and an extensive and controlled heat treatment process converted Fe segment to nanocrystalline cubic magnetite phase with well-defined Au-Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} interfaces as confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy. Magnetic measurements revealed Verwey transition shoulder around 120 K and a room temperature coercive field of 90 Oe. Current–voltage (I-V) characteristics of a single Au-Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}-Au nanowire have exhibited Ohmic behavior. Anomalous positive magnetoresistance of about 0.5% is observed on a single nanowire, which is attributed to the high spin polarization in nanowire device with pure Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} phase and nanocontact barrier. This work demonstrates the ability to preserve the pristine Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} and well defined electrode contact metal (Au)–magnetite interface, which helps in attaining high spin polarized current.

On Ni/Au Alloyed Contacts to Mg-Doped GaN

Science.gov (United States)

Sarkar, Biplab; Reddy, Pramod; Klump, Andrew; Kaess, Felix; Rounds, Robert; Kirste, Ronny; Mita, Seiji; Kohn, Erhard; Collazo, Ramon; Sitar, Zlatko

2018-01-01

Ni/Au contacts to p-GaN were studied as a function of free hole concentration in GaN using planar transmission line measurement structures. All contacts showed a nonlinear behavior, which became stronger for lower doping concentrations. Electrical and structural analysis indicated that the current conduction between the contact and the p-GaN was through localized nano-sized clusters. Thus, the non-linear contact behavior can be well explained using the alloyed contact model. Two contributions to the contact resistance were identified: the spreading resistance in the semiconductor developed by the current crowding around the electrically active clusters, and diode-type behavior at the interface of the electrically active clusters with the semiconductor. Hence, the equivalent Ni/Au contact model consists of a diode and a resistor in series for each active cluster. The reduced barrier height observed in the measurements is thought to be generated by the extraction of Ga from the crystalline surface and localized formation of the Au:Ga phase. The alloyed contact analyses presented in this work are in good agreement with some of the commonly observed behavior of similar contacts described in the literature.

DETERMINANTES DE LA OFERTA LABORAL FAMILIAR EN LOS PAÍSES DEL MERCOSUR Y SIMULACIÓN DE UN PROGRAMA COMÚN DE BIENESTAR SOCIAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto González

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Analizamos las decisiones de oferta laboral de los hogares en Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay. Presentamos un modelo conjunto de elección discreta y, de acuerdo con éste, postulamos y estimamos una función de utilidad cuadrática. A partir de los parámetros estimados calculamos las elasticidades de la oferta laboral respecto al ingreso no laboral. También simulamos una política de bienestar común inspirada en el “Plan jefe de hogar” de Argentina. Entre los resultados obtenidos destaca un rendimiento de la educación de entre el 6.6 y el 10.7% para las mujeres casadas, así como un variado efecto de las mejoras en los ingresos no laborales en las decisiones de oferta laboral. Esta diversidad es un reflejo de la heterogeneidad de estos países desde el punto de vista de la polarización de las condiciones so-cioeconómicas y laborales. La instrumentación de un “Plan común jefe de hogar” confirma la diversidad de respuestas y destaca por la mejora significativa que su-pondría para la cohesión social en el Mercosur.

Operation of ohmic Ti/Al/Pt/Au multilayer contacts to GaN at 600 °C in air

Science.gov (United States)

Hou, Minmin; Senesky, Debbie G.

2014-08-01

The high-temperature characteristics (at 600 °C) of Ti/Al/Pt/Au multilayer contacts to gallium nitride (GaN) in air are reported. Microfabricated circular-transfer-line-method test structures were subject to 10 h of thermal storage at 600 °C. Intermittent electrical characterization during thermal storage showed minimal variation in the contact resistance after 2 h and that the specific contact resistivity remained on the order of 10-5 Ω-cm2. In addition, the thermally stored multilayer contacts to GaN showed ohmic I-V characteristics when electrically probed at 600 °C. The microstructural analysis with atomic force microscopy showed minimal changes in surface roughness after thermal storage. Observations of the thermochemical reactions after thermal storage using Auger electron spectroscopy chemical depth profiling showed diffusion of Pt and minimal additional Al oxidation. The results support the use of Ti/Al/Pt/Au multilayer metallization for GaN-based sensors and electronic devices that will operate within a high-temperature and oxidizing ambient.

Le rôle des chefs traditionnels au Ghana : un modèle inspirant ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

8 févr. 2011 ... Avec ses partenaires du Sud, avec aussi le soutien du Centre de recherches pour le développement international ( CRDI ), organisme canadien, Ray a étudié le rôle des chefs traditionnels au Ghana dans la lutte contre le VIH et le sida. Les collectivités politiques antérieures au colonialisme sont une ...

Observation of a flare-generated shock wave at 9.7 AU by Pioneer 10

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dryer, M.; Shea, M.A.; Smart, D.F.; Collard, H.R.; Mihalov, J.D.; Wolfe, J.H.; Warwick, J.W.

1978-01-01

The period March 15 to May 15, 1976, was declared in advance to be the internationally recognized Study of Traveling Interplanetary Phenomena Interval II. A variety of ground- and space-based equipment was requested to make coordinated studies during this part of the minimum of solar cycle 20. Following an absence of solar activity for a long period, several type II radio bursts on March 20, 1976, produced by two solar flares behind the east limb heralded a series of solar interplanetary, and terrestrial events. These solar radio astronomical observations were followed by non-Io-associated radio emission from Jupiter and solar wind plasma detection at Pioneer 10 at 9.7 AU of an apparent shock wave on March 30 and April 9, 1976, respectively. In view of the fact that the solar flares on March 20 were essentially at central meridian with respect to Jupiter and Pioneer 10 and also that the sun was extremely inactive prior to that date we consider the circumstantial evidence that at least one solar-flare-generated shock wave propagated to the position of Pioneer 10. The average velocities of this shock wave, together with the inferred type II velocity, support previous observations and theory concerning the rapid deceleration and survival of interplanetary shock waves to distances at least as large as approx.10 AU. It is therefore believed that dissipation (other than that within shocks themselves) plays an insignificant role in shock wave dynamics within the solar wind

Polar and semipolar GaN/Al0.5Ga0.5N nanostructures for UV light emitters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brault, J; Damilano, B; Leroux, M; Courville, A; Korytov, M; Chenot, S; Vennéguès, P; Vinter, B; De Mierry, P; Kahouli, A; Massies, J; Rosales, D; Bretagnon, T; Gil, B

2014-01-01

Al x Ga 1−x N-based ultra-violet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) are seen as the best solution for the replacement of traditional mercury lamp technology. By adjusting the Al concentration, a large emission spectrum range from 360 nm (GaN) down to 200 nm (AlN) can be covered. Owing to the large density of defects typically present in Al x Ga 1−x N materials usually grown on sapphire substrates, LED efficiencies still need to be improved. Taking advantage of the 3D carrier confinement, quantum dots (QDs) are among the solutions currently under investigation to improve the performances of UV LEDs. The objectives of this work are to present and discuss the morphological and optical properties of GaN nanostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy on the (0 0 0 1) and the (11–22) orientations of Al 0.5 Ga 0.5 N. In particular, the dependence of the morphological properties of the nanostructures on the growth conditions and the surface orientation will be presented. The optical characteristics as a function of the nanostructure design (size, shape and dimensionality) will also be shown and discussed. The electroluminescence characteristics of a first series of QD-based GaN/Al 0.5 Ga 0.5 N LEDs grown on the polar (0 0 0 1) plane will be investigated. (invited article)

Backscattering analysis of AuGe-Ni ohmic contacts of n-GaAs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nassibian, A.G.; Kalkur, T.S.; Sutherland, G.J.; Cohen, D.

1985-01-01

AuGe-Ni is widely used for the fabrication of ohmic contacts to n-GaAs. The alloying behaviour of evaporated AuGe-Ni alloyed by furnace and Scanning Electron Beam, is characterised by Rutherford backscattering with 2MeV 4 He ions. Since the formation of alloyed AuGe-Ni contacts involves redistribution and diffusion of Ga, As, Ni, Ge and Au, it is difficult to separate the corresponding yields due to gold, Ga As, Ni and Ge in the spectrum. The technique used in the investigation involves assumption of depth distribution of elements and computing the resultant spectrum

Centros de producción de materiales de construcción en países en vías de desarrollo

OpenAIRE

Simon, Morris; Upchurch, James E.

1987-01-01

Las necesidades de alojamiento constituyen un problema creciente a nivel mundial. En los países en vías de desarrollo, esta necesidad excede con mucho la capacidad de respuesta de las agencias gubernamentales. Las técnicas cooperativas de auto-construcción proporcionan, a menudo, medios alternativos para la población de ingresos bajos que puede mejorar sus propios alojamientos y servicios comunitarios con un mínimo de asistencia exterior. Estas técnicas pueden requerir muchas veces la utiliza...

76 FR 64075 - Membership of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration's Performance Review...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-17

... Human Resources Operations Center (DOCHROC), Office of Staffing, Recruitment, and Classification.... Karl B. Nebbia, Associate Administrator for Spectrum Management, Career SES. Alan W. Vincent, Associate... Human Resources Operations Center. [FR Doc. 2011-26736 Filed 10-14-11; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 3510-25-P ...

Investigation of the electrochemical and electrocatalytic behavior of positively charged gold nanoparticle and L-cysteine film on an Au electrode

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Lingyan; Yuan Ruo; Chai Yaqing; Li Xuelian

2007-01-01

Positively charged gold nanoparticle (positively charged nano-Au), which was prepared, characterized by ξ-potential and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used in combination with L-cysteine to fabricate a modified electrode for electrocatalytic reaction of biomolecules. Compared with electrodes modified by negatively charged gold nanoparticle/L-cysteine, or L-cysteine alone, the electrode modified by the positively charged gold nanoparticle/L-cysteine exhibited excellent electrochemical behavior toward the oxidation of biomolecules such as ascorbic acid, dopamine and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, the proposed mechanism for electrocatalytic response of positively charged gold nanoparticle was discussed. The immunosensor showed a specific to ascorbic acid in the range 5.1 x 10 -7 -6.7 x 10 -4 M and a low detection limit of 1.5 x 10 -7 M. The experimental results demonstrate that positively charged gold nanoparticle have more efficient electrocatalytic reaction than negatively charged gold nanoparticle, which opens up new approach for fabricating sensor

Electronic parameters of high barrier Au/Rhodamine-101/n-Inp Schottky diode with organic ınterlayer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Güllü, Ö.; Aydoğan, S.; Türüt, A.

2012-01-01

In this work, we present that Rhodamine-101 (Rh-101) organic molecules can control the electrical characteristics of conventional Au/n-InP metal–semiconductor contacts. An Au/n-InP Schottky junction with Rh-101 interlayer has been formed by using a simple cast process. A potential barrier height as high as 0.88 eV has been achieved for Au/Rh-101/n-InP Schottky diodes, which have good current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. This good performance is attributed to the effect of formation of interfacial organic thin layer between Au and n-InP. By using capacitance-voltage measurement of the Au/Rh-101/n-InP Schottky diode the diffusion potential and the barrier height have been calculated as 0.78 V and 0.88 eV, respectively. From the I–V measurement of the diode under illumination, short circuit current and open circuit voltage have been extracted as 1.70 μA and 240 mV, respectively.

Enzyme-free electrochemical immunosensor configured with Au-Pd nanocrystals and N-doped graphene sheets for sensitive detection of AFP.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Lifang; Li, Songjun; He, Jing; Tian, Guihong; Wei, Qin; Li, He

2013-11-15

A novel electrochemical immunosensor capable of enzyme-free detection of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is reported. This immunosensor was fabricated in a sandwich-like format where catalytic Au-Pd nanocrystals and highly conductive N-doped graphene sheets were incorporated. The significant catalysis by Au-Pd nanocrystals toward hydrogen peroxide, along with the increased electron transfer by graphene sheets, caused signal generation and increased sensitivity, which enables the enzyme-free detection of AFP. With a low detection limit at 0.005 ng mL(-1), this novel immunosensor worked well over the broad linear range of 0.05-30 ng mL(-1). Unlike previously reported enzyme-based electrochemical immunosensors, which often involve the complicated steps for enzyme loading and necessary treatments to keep the activity of enzyme, this novel immunosensor is simple in nature and employed catalytic Au-Pd nanoparticles and highly conductive graphene, which thus enables reliable and sensitive detection for clinic usage. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Internacionalización de PYMES argentinas orientadas a segmentos no masivos del mercado en países desarrollados

OpenAIRE

González, Andrea; Hallak, Juan Carlos

2013-01-01

El trabajo analiza la inserción internacional de PYMES argentinas orientadas a segmentos no masivos del mercado en países desarrollados en sectores de tecnología media y baja. Este tipo de inserción involucra productos que se caracterizan por su alto grado de calidad y/o customización. Basados en estudios realizados en siete sectores productores de bienes o servicios que poseen estas características, describimos dos tipos diferentes de inserción. La primera es la exportación de bienes diseñad...

78 FR 69703 - 10-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Generic Customer Satisfaction Surveys; Physical...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-11-20

... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5683-N-102] 10-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Generic Customer Satisfaction Surveys; Physical Inspection Pilot Program...

Contribution Economique et Sociale de la pêche artisanale au Sénégal

OpenAIRE

Dione, D.; Sy, A.B.; Ndiaye, M.S.

2005-01-01

Programme pour des Moyens d'Existence Durables dans la Pêche en Afrique de l'Ouest. Projet Pilote 1 "Moyens d'Existence améliorés dans le secteur post-capture de la pêche artisanale" au Cameroun, en Gambie, au Sénégal et au Tchad.

La integración energética de los países nórdicos -Nord Pool-: lecciones para otros mercados

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John Jairo García Rendón

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo describe el proceso de integración del mercado eléctrico de los países nórdicos -Nord Pool-, además de establecer algunas reflexiones sobre dicha experiencia, las cuales pueden ser importantes para regiones que se encuentran en el mismo proceso, como es el caso de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones -CAN-. Inicialmente hace alusión a la teoría que fundamenta el intercambio de bienes y servicios y los principios económicos que justifican la integración de mercados para luego concentrarse en el caso del Nord Pool, examinando el proceso y sus principales resultados.

Producción de arrabio en los países de la Unión Europea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

García, L.

1997-12-01

Full Text Available The incessant increase of the competitivity of the metallurgical industry implies the necessity of the optimization of the resources and raw materials used. This affects in the same way the ironmaking in blast furnace and its principal fuel, metallurgical coke. It is from here the importance of the development of the techniques which facilitate improvements in the operation parameters in the blast furnace. This article is dedicated to the latest developments applicated on blast furnace process in the countries of European Community.

El aumento continuo de la competitividad en la industria siderúrgica hace necesaria la optimización de los recursos y materias primas empleados. Este hecho afecta de igual forma a la fabricación de arrabio en horno alto y a su principal combustible, el coque metalúrgico. De ahí la gran importancia que adquiere el desarrollo de técnicas que faciliten mejoras en los índices de operación del horno alto. En este trabajo se analizan los últimos desarrollos aplicados al proceso del horno alto en los países de la Unión Europea.

Traumatismos causados por el tránsito en países en desarrollo: agenda de investigación y de acción Road traffic injuries in developing countries: research and action agenda

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cheng Min Huang

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Los traumatismos causados por el tránsito son la principal causa de muerte en personas de 10-24 años a nivel mundial y representan alrededor del 15% de todas las muertes en varones. La carga de enfermedad de los traumatismos causados por el tránsito está distribuida de manera desigual entre los países pues la tasa de mortalidad más alta es ochenta veces superior a las más baja. Existe una clara desigualdad en el riesgo de ocurrencia de traumatismos causados por el tránsito, siendo notoriamente mayor en los países en desarrollo. Esta desigualdad se constituye como un reto mundial importante y se debe, aunque no sean los únicos factores, a muchas razones, incluyendo la rápida motorización y la pobre infraestructura. Este artículo hace énfasis en varios aspectos fundamentales cuya finalidad es informar a los programas diseñados para prevenir los traumatismos causados por el tránsito en los países en desarrollo, donde esta situación está más extendida. En primer lugar, la seguridad vial es un tema de desarrollo; en segundo lugar, los traumatismos causados por el tránsito constituyen un problema importante para la salud; en tercer lugar, los traumatismos causados por el tránsito pueden ser prevenidos mediante la implementación de medidas científicas adecuadas; en cuarto lugar, es necesaria la atención de emergencias hospitalarias y prehospitalarias; y, finalmente, la investigación en los traumatismos causados por el tránsito está relegada en los países de ingresos bajos y medios. Se discute además la repercusión de estos avances para el Perú.Road traffic injury (RTI is the leading cause of death in persons aged 10-24 worldwide and accounts for about 15% of all male deaths. The burden of RTI is unevenly distributed amongst countries with over eighty-fold differences between the highest and lowest death rates. Thus the unequal risk of RTI occurring in the developing world, due to many reasons, including but not limited

Influence of hydrogen peroxide treatment on Au/n-ZnO contact

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, X.D.; Gu, Q.L.; Ling, C.C.; Djurisic, A.B. [Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road (China); Brauer, G.; Anwand, W.; Skorupa, W.; Reuther, H. [Institut fuer Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Postfach 510119, 01314 Dresden (Germany)

2007-07-01

The Au/n-ZnO contact behavior was investigated as a function of hydrogen peroxide pre-treatment of the ZnO sample by current-voltage (IV) measurement. The change from non-rectifying to rectifying performance upon etching was discussed in connection with sample characterization by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was concluded that the gain of the rectifying property was properly associated with the formation of a defective interfacial region at the Au/n-ZnO contact. (copyright 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

229 Age au premier vêlage et intervalle entre vêlages de quatre ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Madjina TELLAH

... Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso (UPB), 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ..... rapportés au Niger et au Tchad [4], au Cameroun chez les zébus Goudali [8], au ... [9], au Sénégal chez le zébu Gobra [10], au Bénin chez les vaches ...

Characterization and Modeling I(V of the Gate Schottky Structures HEMTs Ni/Au/AlInN/GaN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N. Benyahya

2014-05-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we have studied the Schottky contact of Ni/Au/AlInN/GaN HEMTs. The current–voltage Igs (Vgs of Ni/Au/AlInN/GaN structures were investigated at room temperature. The electrical parameters such as ideality factor (2.3, barrier height (0.72 eV and series resistance (33 W were evaluated from I(V data, the threshold voltage (-2.42 V, the 2D gas density (1.35 ´ 1013 cm-2 and barrier height (0.94 eV were evaluated from C(V data.

Measurement of {sup 197}Au(n,γ){sup 198g}Au reaction cross-section at the neutron energies of 1.12, 2.12, 3.12 and 4.12 MeV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vansola, Vibha [M.S. Univ., Baroda (India). Dept. of Physics; Ghosh, Reetuparna; Badwar, Sylvia [North Eastern Hill Univ., Meghalaya (India). Dept. of Physics; and others

2015-07-01

The {sup 197}Au(n,γ){sup 198}Au reaction cross-sections at the neutron energies of 1.12, 2.12, 3.12 and 4.12 MeV were determined by using activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique. The mono-energetic neutron energies of 1.12-4.12 MeV were generated from the {sup 7}Li(p,n) reaction by using the proton energies of 3 and 4 MeV from the folded tandem ion beam accelerator (FOTIA) at BARC as well as 5 and 6 MeV from the Pelletron facility at TIFR, Mumbai. The {sup 115}In(n,γ){sup 116m}In reaction cross-section was used as the neutron flux monitor. The {sup 197}Au(n,γ){sup 198}Au reaction cross-section at the neutron energies of 3.12 and 4.12 MeV are reported for the first time. The {sup 197}Au(n,γ){sup 198}Au reaction cross-sections at 1.12 and 2.12 MeV are close to the literature data of in between neutron energies. The {sup 197}Au(n,γ){sup 198}Au cross-section was also calculated theoretically by using the computer code TALYS 1.6 and found to be higher than the experimental data of present work and literature data within the neutron energies of 0.8 to 4 MeV.

Relación entre regímenes de bienestar (según Geof Wood-Ian Gough y el índice COP para 54 países

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier Darío Ávila Pita

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La Caries dental sigue considerándose el principal problema de salud pública en muchos países del mundo. Diversos autores han hipotetizado la relación existente entre: salud oral y regímenes de bienestar. Geof Wood los clasifica basándose en: Índice de Desarrollo Humano, gasto público y flujo de divisas, en cinco categorías: 1. Régimen Social-demócrata, 2. Régimen Liberal, 3. Régimen Conservador, 4. Régimen de Seguridad Informal (A y B y 5. Régimen de Inseguridad (A y B. Propósito: Analizar la relación existente entre el tipo de régimen de bienestar y el índice de COP a los 12 años para 54 países en las últimas cinco décadas. Metodología: Estudio ecológico sobre fuentes secundarias de bases de datos de la OMS, Banco mundial, PubMed/Medline y sitios web de los países seleccionados. Resultados: El porcentaje de decrecimiento entre el primer y último COP reportado por cada país fue: Régimen Social-Demócrata (-86,6%, Régimen Conservador (-81,7%, Régimen Liberal (-79,0%, Régimen de Seguridad Informal A (-55,2%, Régimen de Seguridad Informal B (-46,9%, Régimen de Inseguridad A (-35,9%, Régimen de Inseguridad B (+136,8%. Conclusiones: El descenso de la caries observado en países desarrollados es resultado de medidas de salud pública, las condiciones-estilos de vida y la mejora de prácticas de autocuidado. Se espera que la incidencia de caries incremente en países africanos y asiáticos por el creciente consumo de azúcares e inadecuada exposición a fluoruros. Los retos futuros implican traducir conocimientos y experiencias en la promoción de la salud y prevención de la caries en los programas de acción.

Pseudorapidity dependence of charged hadron transverse momentum spectra in d+Au collisions at √(sNN )=200 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Ballintijn, M.; Barton, D. S.; Becker, B.; Betts, R. R.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; Gburek, T.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gushue, S.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Harrington, A. S.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Khan, N.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Lee, J. W.; Lin, W. T.; Manly, S.; Mignerey, A. C.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Park, I. C.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Sagerer, J.; Sarin, P.; Sedykh, I.; Skulski, W.; Smith, C. E.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S.; Sukhanov, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Wolfs, F. L.; Wosiek, B.; Woźniak, K.; Wysłouch, B.; Zhang, J.

2004-12-01

We have measured the transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons in d+Au collisions at √(sNN )=200 GeV in the range of 0.5< pT <4.0 GeV/c . The total range of pseudorapidity, η , is 0.2<η<1.4 , where positive η is in the deuteron direction. The data has been divided into three regions of pseudorapidity, covering 0.2<η<0.6 , 0.6<η<1.0 , and 1.0<η<1.4 , and has been compared to charged hadron spectra from p+ p¯ collisions at the same energy. There is a significant change in the spectral shape as a function of pseudorapidity. As η increases we see a decrease in the nuclear modification factor RdAu .

77 FR 62150 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Kentucky; Approval of Revisions to the...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-10-12

....34 Standard of 10/23/01 66 FR 53661 05/15/91 Performance for Existing Pneumatic Rubber Tire... Abbreviations and 11/19/02 67 FR 69688 05/15/02 Acronyms. 1.04 Performance Tests... 10/23/01 66 FR 53660 11/19... 10/23/01 66 FR 53660 06/13/79 Requirements. Reg 6--Standards of Performance for Existing Affected...

Accouchement gémellaire en milieu africain: une analyse de 10 ans dans le district de Bamako au Mali

Science.gov (United States)

Théra, Tiounkani; Mounkoro, Niani; Traore, Soumana Omar; Hamidou, Albachar; Traore, Mamadou; Doumbia, Saleck; Tall, Saoudatou; Kouma, Aminata

2018-01-01

Introduction Le but de cette étude était de déterminer les facteurs influençant le pronostic de l'accouchement du deuxième jumeau. Méthodes L'étude était rétrospective et a porté sur tous les cas d'accouchements gémellaires enregistrés à la maternité du Centre de Santé de Référence de la commune V du District de Bamako du 1erJanvier 2007 au 31 Décembre 2016 soit sur une période de dix ans. Résultats Nous avons enregistré 34.899 accouchements dont 1374 accouchements gémellaires soit une fréquence de 2,54%; près de 15% étaient des primipares; 39,16% étaient référées; 69,10% et 15,5% autres sans aucun suivi prénatal. Les facteurs influençant négativement pronostic du deuxième jumeau étaient: un délai ≥ 15minutes entre les jumeaux, le recours tardif à la césarienne, la non qualification de l'accoucheur, la grossesse monochoréale, le faible poids de naissance. Par contre la parité, la réalisation de manœuvres obstétricales n'avaient aucune influence sur le pronostic du deuxième jumeau. Conclusion Le pronostic du deuxième jumeau est fortement influencé par un délai de naissance de plus de 15 minutes entre les jumeaux, les autres facteurs agissant comme des cofacteurs. PMID:29662606

Entorno Institucional de la Desentralización Estatal en los Países Bajos el papel de las organizaciones de apoyo

NARCIS (Netherlands)

M. Noordhoek (Marike); Zwanenburg Maria Zwanenburg (M.)

2002-01-01

textabstractA partir de 1998, el IHS se vinculó al SINPA (Programa de apoyo para la implementación de planes nacionales de acción – Support for Implementation of National Plans of Action) financiado por la Dirección general de cooperación al desarrollo de los Países Bajos, junto con la ciudades de

78 FR 14095 - Determination That GEREF (Sermorelin Acetate) Injection, 0.5 Milligrams Base/Vial and 1.0...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-04

...] Determination That GEREF (Sermorelin Acetate) Injection, 0.5 Milligrams Base/Vial and 1.0 Milligrams Base/Vial, and GEREF (Sermorelin Acetate) Injection, 0.05 Milligrams Base/Amp, Were Not Withdrawn From Sale for...

THE APOCOPE IN THE LOAN WORDS ALINTI KELİMELERDE SON SES DÜŞMESİ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aylin KOÇ

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Disappearance is the loss of a sound in structure of the word with some reasons. There are three types of disappearance: apheresis, syncope and apocope. The apocope is disappearance of a vowel or consonant at the end of a word. This situation isn’t standard in whole dialects and accents. Some dropping sounds, have an intense in a spesific region, they aren’t seen in the other areas or have rare examples. This is rather common in the dialects. In this study will be handled the apocope in the loan words with the examples in Turkey Turkish and contemporary Turkish dialects. Bir kelimedeki seslerden birinin, çeşitli nedenlerle düşmesine ses düşmesi denir. Ses düşmesi üç çeşittir: ön ses düşmesi, iç ses düşmesi ve son ses düşmesi. Son ses düşmesi, kelimede son ses durumunda olan ünlü veya ünsüzün düşmesidir. Bu durum, bütün lehçelerde ve ağızlarda standart değildir. Düşen bazı sesler, belli bir bölge içinde yoğunlaşırken, bazı bölgelerde görülmemekte ve hatta birkaç ya da bir örnekle sınırlı kalabilmektedir. Bu daha çok ağızlarda görülür. Çalışmada, Türkiye Türkçesinde ve Çağdaş Türk Lehçelerinde alıntı kelimelerde son ses düşmesi bahsi örnekleriyle ele alınacaktır.

Electron emission during interactions of multicharged N and Ar ions with Au(110) and Cu(001) surfaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meyer, F.W.; Overbury, S.H.; Havener, C.C.; Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, P.A.; Burgdoerfer, J.; Zehner, D.M.

1991-01-01

We report measurements of energy distributions of electrons emitted during interactions 10q-keV N 6+ , and Ar q+ (q=7,8,9) ions with Au(110) and Cu(001) surfaces at grazing angles. The electron energy distributions have been measured as a function of angle of incidence, observation angle, and target-crystal azimuth. For both Au and Cu targets, the projectile KLL Auger peak observed for the case of the N 6+ projectiles is seen to consist of two components whose intensities have strikingly different dependences on incident perpendicular velocity. The main component of the KLL peak is attributed to subsurface electron emission and is modeled using a Monte Carlo simulation of the projectile trajectories in the bulk. The second component, observed only for the smallest incident perpendicular velocities, is attributed to above-surface KLL Auger electron emission and is modeled using computer simulations of the resonance neutralization-autoionization cascade that occurs prior to projectile penetration of the surface. In the case of the Au target, NNV and NVV transitions, attributed to vacancy transfer from the projectile K shell to the N shell of Au, are also observed. The Monte Carlo simulation of the subsurface contribution to the electron emission is able to reproduce the observed angle-of-incidence dependence of both the projectile and the target Auger electron intensities. In addition, it shows reasonable agreement with the observed dependences of the projectile KLL intensity on observation angle and crystal azimuth

Socioeconomic (SES) differences in language are evident in female infants at 7months of age.

Science.gov (United States)

Betancourt, Laura M; Brodsky, Nancy L; Hurt, Hallam

2015-12-01

Language skills, strongly linked to academic success, are known to differ by socioeconomic status (SES), with lower SES individuals performing less well than higher SES. To examine the effect of SES on infant language at 7months of age and the relationship between maternal vocabulary skills and infant language function. To determine if the relationships between SES and infant language are mediated by maternal vocabulary skills. Longitudinal follow-up of healthy term female African American infants born to mothers in two SES groups: Low SES (income-to-needs≤1, no education beyond high school) and Higher SES (Income-to-Needs >1, at least a high school diploma). 54 infants tested at 7months of age; 54 mothers tested at infant age 7months. Preschool Language Scale-5 (PLS-5), Vocabulary and Matrix Reasoning subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV. Low SES infants (n=29) performed less well than Higher SES (n=25) on PLS-5 Total Language, Auditory Comprehension, and Expressive Communication (p≤0.012). Maternal Vocabulary subtest scores were lower in Low SES than Higher SES (p=0.002), but not related to infant PLS Language scores (p≥0.17). Maternal vocabulary did not mediate the relationship between SES and infant language skills at age 7months. In this single sex and race cohort of healthy, term, female infants, lower SES exerted negative effects on infant language by 7months of age. While maternal vocabulary scores showed no relation with infant language skills at 7months, continued study of the relations between SES, infant outcomes and maternal characteristics is needed to determine how low SES conditions impact early language. These findings underscore the importance of early interventions, as well as policies designed to improve socioeconomic conditions for infants and families. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Le syndrome de Budd-Chiari: une complication rare de la ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

L'atteinte hépatique au cours de la sarcoïdose est une localisation fréquente, habituellement asymptomatique. La cholestase anictérique et l'hypertension portale représentent ses principales complications. Le syndrome de Budd-Chiari est une complication peu connue qui demeure exceptionnelle. Nous rapportons un ...

(BTO) layer on electrical characteristics of Au/nS

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO) layer on electrical characteristics of Au/n-Si structures. M YILDIRIM and M ... matched deposition on crystal substrates by various growth methods .... tant electrical parameter, because it causes voltage drop of. IRs across the ...

Ohmic contacts on n-type β-Ga2O3 using AZO/Ti/Au

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrick H. Carey IV

2017-09-01

Full Text Available AZO interlayers between n-Ga2O3 and Ti/Au metallization significantly enhance Ohmic contact formation after annealing at ≥ 300°C. Without the presence of the AZO, similar anneals produce only rectifying current-voltage characteristics. Transmission Line Measurements of the Au/Ti/AZO/Ga2O3 stacks showed the specific contact resistance and transfer resistance decreased sharply from as-deposited values with annealing. The minimum contact resistance and specific contact resistance of 0.42 Ω-mm and 2.82 × 10-5 Ω-cm2 were achieved after a relatively low temperature 400°C annealing. The conduction band offset between AZO and Ga2O3 is 0.79 eV and provides a favorable pathway for improved electron transport across this interface.

Ohmic contacts on n-type β-Ga2O3 using AZO/Ti/Au

Science.gov (United States)

Carey, Patrick H.; Yang, Jiancheng; Ren, F.; Hays, David C.; Pearton, S. J.; Jang, Soohwan; Kuramata, Akito; Kravchenko, Ivan I.

2017-09-01

AZO interlayers between n-Ga2O3 and Ti/Au metallization significantly enhance Ohmic contact formation after annealing at ≥ 30 0°C. Without the presence of the AZO, similar anneals produce only rectifying current-voltage characteristics. Transmission Line Measurements of the Au/Ti/AZO/Ga2O3 stacks showed the specific contact resistance and transfer resistance decreased sharply from as-deposited values with annealing. The minimum contact resistance and specific contact resistance of 0.42 Ω-mm and 2.82 × 10-5 Ω-cm2 were achieved after a relatively low temperature 40 0°C annealing. The conduction band offset between AZO and Ga2O3 is 0.79 eV and provides a favorable pathway for improved electron transport across this interface.

ICORG 10-14

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Reynolds, J V; Preston, S R; O'Neill, B

2017-01-01

comprehensive modern staging, compares both these regimens. METHODS: This open label, multicentre, phase III RCT randomises patients (cT2-3, N0-3, M0) in a 1:1 fashion to receive CROSS protocol (Carboplatin and Paclitaxel with concurrent radiotherapy, 41.4Gy/23Fr, over 5 weeks). The power calculation is a 10......% difference in favour of CROSS, powered at 80%, two-sided alpha level of 0.05, requiring 540 patients to be evaluable, 594 to be recruited if a 10% dropout is included (297 in each group). The primary endpoint is overall survival, with a minimum 3-year follow up. Secondary endpoints include: disease free......). TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01726452 . Protocol 10-14. Date of registration 06/11/2012....

Tecnologías avanzadas de manufactura en países en vías de desarrollo: una comparación entre Costa Rica y México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Mora Monge

2006-05-01

Full Text Available Hoy, para los países en vías de desarrollo es crítico asegurar sus capacidades de manufactura para poder competir globalmente, en especial cuando hay tratados de libre comercio que se están negociando. Esto es particularmente importante para países como Costa Rica, el cual tiene un tratado de libre comercio con México y está en proceso de aprobación del tratado de libre comercio con los Estados Unidos (CAFTA, por sus siglas en inglés. Mucho se ha dicho sobre si Costa Rica está listo para firmar el tratado. Este artículo provee puntos de vista desde una perspectiva de manufactura y examina las diferencias en inversiones de tecnologías avanzadas de manufactura (AMT, por sus siglas in inglés y las barreras de implementación entre empresas mexicanas y costarricenses. Después de haber hecho una extensiva investigación sobre AMT en la literatura, dos preguntas de investigación se formularon con respecto a las diferencias entre ambos países. Usando una metodología en forma de cuestionario, la información se recolectó entre 125 empresas, 85 mexicanas y 40 costarricenses. Para probar la hipótesis planteada, se usó el análisis ANOVA (análisis de varianza. Los resultados indican que hay diferencias entre algunas tecnologías y barreras de implementación de AMT entre ambos países.

Raíces medievales del nacional catolicismo: el Poema de Fernán González

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moreno Hernández, Carlos

2000-06-01

Full Text Available The Poema de Fernán González, a clerical poem written in the second half of the XIIIth century, includes already the national catholic ideology governing Spain up to the present, a religious fundamentalism that christians in the castilian kingdom did oppose to the one by their muslim enemies, always permeating the stories about this half legendary nobleman and exemplifying the blurring borders between history and literature before the XlXth century.[fr] Le Poema de Fernán González, poème de clérecie redige pendant la seconde moitié du XIIème siècle, resume déjà l'idéologie du national catolicisme qui va s'imposer en Espagne jusqu'à nos jours. Il s'agit d'un fondamentalisme religieux que les chrétiens du royaume castillan finirent par opposser à celui de ses énemis musulmans et qu'on peut trouver aussi dans tous les récits ultérieurs sur le comte, exemples des frontières peu claires entre les domaines historique et littéraire jusqu'au XIXème siècle.

EXPERIENCIAS DE ALGUNOS PAÍSES LATINOAMERICANOS EN TORNO A LA ESTANDARIZACIÓN CONTABLE INTERNACIONAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abel María Cano Morales

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo presenta de manera tangencial los pasos que han seguido algunos países, con el fin de estandarizar sus procesos e información contable, de manera tal que los sectores empresariales de un país puedan interactuar con éxito en el nuevo mundo de los negocios, cabe anotar que para que ello suceda las empresas deben replantear sus sistemas de información administrativa y contable. Es evidente el protagonismo en las últimas décadas de las normas internacionales de información financiera a raíz de los acontecimientos económicos, políticos y comerciales experimentados en el mundo. Siendo las NIIF/NIC el sistema de comunicación confiable y accesible a las complejas relaciones económicas actuales. Cabe anotar que existe una necesidad latente de establecer un sistema de información contable internacional que minimice las discrepancias surgidas entre las normas contables nacionales y las internacionales; y que a la vez sea adoptado como herramienta homogenizadora global de la información contable.

76 FR 55677 - Senior Executive Service (SES) Performance Review Board

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-08

... GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION [Notice-CPO-2011-01; Docket 2011-0006; Sequence 15] Senior Executive Service (SES) Performance Review Board AGENCY: General Services Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given of the appointment of new members to the General Services Administration...

Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and ascorbic acid using tetraoctylammonium bromide capped gold nanoparticles immobilized on 1,6-hexanedithiol modified Au electrode

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nair, Santhosh S.; John, S. Abraham; Sagara, Takamasa

2009-01-01

Tetraoctylammonium bromide stabilized gold nanoparticles (TOAB-AuNPs) attached to 1,6-hexanedithiol (HDT) modified Au electrode was used for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PA) and ascorbic acid (AA) at physiological pH. The attachment of TOAB-AuNPs on HDT modified Au surface was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FT-IR spectroscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM). The ATR-FT-IR spectrum of TOAB-AuNPs attached to the HDT monolayer showed a characteristic stretching modes corresponding to -CH 2 and -CH 3 of TOAB, confirming the immobilization of AuNPs with surface-protecting TOAB ions on the surface of the AuNPs after being attached to HDT modified Au electrode. AFM image showed that the immobilized AuNPs were spherical in shape and densely packed to a film of ca. 7 nm thickness. Interestingly, TOAB-AuNPs modified electrode shifted the oxidation potential of PA towards less positive potential by 70 mV and enhanced its oxidation current twice when compared to bare Au electrode. In addition, the AuNPs modified electrode separated the oxidation potentials of AA and PA by 210 mV, whereas bare Au electrode failed to resolve them. The amperometry current of PA was increased linearly from 1.50 x 10 -7 to 1.34 x 10 -5 M with a correlation coefficient of 0.9981 and the lowest detection limit was found to be 2.6 nM (S/N = 3). The present method was successfully used to determine the concentration of PA in human blood plasma and commercial drugs.

Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and ascorbic acid using tetraoctylammonium bromide capped gold nanoparticles immobilized on 1,6-hexanedithiol modified Au electrode

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nair, Santhosh S. [Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram 624302, Dindigul (India); John, S. Abraham [Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram 624302, Dindigul (India)], E-mail: abrajohn@yahoo.co.in; Sagara, Takamasa [Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram 624302, Dindigul (India)], E-mail: sagara@nagasaki-u.ac.jp

2009-11-30

Tetraoctylammonium bromide stabilized gold nanoparticles (TOAB-AuNPs) attached to 1,6-hexanedithiol (HDT) modified Au electrode was used for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PA) and ascorbic acid (AA) at physiological pH. The attachment of TOAB-AuNPs on HDT modified Au surface was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FT-IR spectroscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM). The ATR-FT-IR spectrum of TOAB-AuNPs attached to the HDT monolayer showed a characteristic stretching modes corresponding to -CH{sub 2} and -CH{sub 3} of TOAB, confirming the immobilization of AuNPs with surface-protecting TOAB ions on the surface of the AuNPs after being attached to HDT modified Au electrode. AFM image showed that the immobilized AuNPs were spherical in shape and densely packed to a film of ca. 7 nm thickness. Interestingly, TOAB-AuNPs modified electrode shifted the oxidation potential of PA towards less positive potential by 70 mV and enhanced its oxidation current twice when compared to bare Au electrode. In addition, the AuNPs modified electrode separated the oxidation potentials of AA and PA by 210 mV, whereas bare Au electrode failed to resolve them. The amperometry current of PA was increased linearly from 1.50 x 10{sup -7} to 1.34 x 10{sup -5} M with a correlation coefficient of 0.9981 and the lowest detection limit was found to be 2.6 nM (S/N = 3). The present method was successfully used to determine the concentration of PA in human blood plasma and commercial drugs.

Ethos: pour une mise au point conceptuelle et méthodologique

OpenAIRE

Dhondt, Reindert; Vanacker, Beatrijs

2013-01-01

En guise de préambule théorique aux études de cas réunies dans ce numéro, le présent article se veut une mise au point du concept d’ethos et de ses concepts voisins, tout en formulant quelques-uns des défis, tant définitionnels que méthodologiques, qui en résultent. Aussi cette contribution adopte-t-elle une double démarche, proposant d’abord un regard rétrospectif, qui résume le parcours historique de la notion d’ethos et de la figure de l’auteur en général, avant de formuler quelques pistes...

HÁBITOS DE VIDA Y ESTILOS DE CUIDADO DE LOS PROGENITORES RELACIONADOS CON LA OBESIDAD INFANTIL. COMPARACIÓN DE UNA POBLACIÓN ESPAÑOLA CON POBLACIONES DE PAÍSES DEL NORTE DE EUROPA: ENERGY-PROJECT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Estrella Miqueleiz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos:La prevalencia de obesidad infantil es más alta en Espa-ña que en los países del norte de Europa por razones que todavía se desco-nocen. El objetivo fue comprobar si variables referentes a hábitos de vida ya estilos de cuidado de los progenitores relacionados con la obesidad infantildifieren entre los países del Norte de Europa y España.Métodos:Los datos fueron obtenidos del proyecto internacionalENERG. Se analizaron los de España, Países Bajos, Bélgica y Noruega, in-cluyendo a 1.937 niños y 2.061 niñas de 10 a 12 años de edad. Se estudiaronlos comportamientos de los padres referidos a variables dietéticas, variablesrelacionadas con la actividad física y los estilos de cuidado. Se calcularonlas medias y las proporciones de todas las variables y a continuación secalculó la asociación de las diferentes variables con el país de origen utili-zando el coeficiente beta y la Odds Ratio (OR como medidas de asociación.Resultados:En comparación con los progenitores del Norte de Europa,los progenitores españoles consumen bebidas azucaradas menos días porsemana (Media: 1,37 vs 2,16 pero consumen más zumos de frutas (Media:2,61 vs 2,35. Los progenitores españoles son más activos yendo a su traba-jo, son menos sedentarios pero realizan actividad física en su tiempo libremenos días por semana (Media de días por semana que realizan actividadfísica en su tiempo libre: 1,88 vs 2,21. Además, son menos negociadorescon sus hijos (Media (0-4: 1,26 vs 1,68 y evitan menos los modelos ne-gativos de conducta (Media (0-4: 0,90 vs 1,29. Sin embargo, prestan másatención (Media (0-4: 3,42 vs 3,04 y estimulan más los hábitos saludables(Media (0-4: 2,38 vs 2,06.Conclusiones: Las variables referentes a hábitos de vida y a estilos decuidado relacionados con la obesidad infantil difieren entre los progenitoresespañoles y los de los países del Norte de Europa aunque estas diferenciasno son estadísticamente significativas. Por lo

Socioeconomic status (SES) and childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) mortality risk: Analysis of SEER data.

Science.gov (United States)

Knoble, Naomi B; Alderfer, Melissa A; Hossain, Md Jobayer

2016-10-01

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a complex construct of multiple indicators, known to impact cancer outcomes, but has not been adequately examined among pediatric AML patients. This study aimed to identify the patterns of co-occurrence of multiple community-level SES indicators and to explore associations between various patterns of these indicators and pediatric AML mortality risk. A nationally representative US sample of 3651 pediatric AML patients, aged 0-19 years at diagnosis was drawn from 17 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database registries created between 1973 and 2012. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, stratified univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used. Four SES factors accounting for 87% of the variance in SES indicators were identified: F1) economic/educational disadvantage, less immigration; F2) immigration-related features (foreign-born, language-isolation, crowding), less mobility; F3) housing instability; and, F4) absence of moving. F1 and F3 showed elevated risk of mortality, adjusted hazards ratios (aHR) (95% CI): 1.07(1.02-1.12) and 1.05(1.00-1.10), respectively. Seven SES-defined cluster groups were identified. Cluster 1 (low economic/educational disadvantage, few immigration-related features, and residential-stability) showed the minimum risk of mortality. Compared to Cluster 1, Cluster 3 (high economic/educational disadvantage, high-mobility) and Cluster 6 (moderately-high economic/educational disadvantages, housing-instability and immigration-related features) exhibited substantially greater risk of mortality, aHR(95% CI)=1.19(1.0-1.4) and 1.23 (1.1-1.5), respectively. Factors of correlated SES-indicators and their pattern-based groups demonstrated differential risks in the pediatric AML mortality indicating the need of special public-health attention in areas with economic-educational disadvantages, housing-instability and immigration-related features. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All

La integración energética de los países nórdicos —Nord Pool—: lecciones para otros mercados

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Carlos Mario Palacios

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo describe el proceso de integración del mercado eléctrico de los países nórdicos —Nord Pool—, además de establecer algunas reflexiones sobre dicha experiencia, las cuales pueden ser importantes para regiones que se encuentran en el mismo proceso, como es el caso de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones —CAN—. Inicialmente hace alusión a la teoría que fundamenta el intercambio de bienes y servicios y los principios económicos que justifican la integración de mercados para luego concentrarse en el caso del Nord Pool, examinando el proceso y sus principales resultados.

L'égalité, un effort collectif au Sénégal | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

8 nov. 2011 ... Les lois et les traditions au Sénégal sont en désaccord quant aux ... C'est le cas dans l'ensemble du pays, alors que plus des trois quarts des femmes économiquement actives au Sénégal travaillent dans le secteur agricole.

Au prisme de l’altérité, les orthodoxes de Beyrouth au début du xix esiècle

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

May Davie

2012-01-01

Full Text Available La construction sociale des orthodoxes de Beyrouth, au début du xixe siècle, s’effectue autant dans le cadre de la communauté qu’à travers un réseau de relations et d’obligations économiques et sociales extérieures. Cet article, par une approche d’histoire urbaine, contredit les thèses du cloisonnement confessionnel.

Situación actual del VIH/SIDA en Europa: análisis de las diferencias entre países

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María Paz Bermúdez

2003-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la situación actual del VIH/SIDA en los países europeos. Concretamente, se compara su situación con la de otras áreas geográficas del mundo, el índice de prevalencia entre los 15 y los 49 años por países, la distribución por género y edad y, finalmente, las principales vías de transmisión en cada país. Esta investigación emplea un diseño descriptivo mediante observación (análisis de documentos. Se han utilizado los datos más recientes sobre VIH/SIDA publicados por OMS y ONUSIDA. El estudio pone de manifiesto que en la región oriental, Estonia posee el índice de prevalencia más alto en el rango de edad comprendido entre los 15 y los 49 años (10,96 y en la occidental, España (6,25. La prevalencia media de VIH/SIDA entre los 15 y 49 años en Europa oriental (7,09 es casi tres veces superior a la de Europa occidental (2,60. En Georgia y Letonia el 100% de los casos de SIDA se da entre personas con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y los 49 años. En España el 90% de los casos también se da en este rango de edad. Rumanía es el país con mayor porcentaje de casos de niños con SIDA y posee además un alto porcentaje de mujeres con la enfermedad. En Bulgaria se da un predominio de la transmisión heterosexual (93% y en Hungría predomina la homosexual (74%. Las conclusiones más relevantes son que las vías más importantes de transmisión del VIH/SIDA en Europa son el consumo de drogas por vía parenteral y las relaciones homosexuales. Para la lucha contra el SIDA se deben realizar medidas de prevención dirigidas sobre todo a los jóvenes, puesto que la mayoría de las infecciones tiene lugar durante o poco después de la adolescencia.

Le mahdi oublié de l'Inde britannique : Sayyid Ahmad Barelwî (1786-1831, ses disciples, ses adversaires

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Marc Gaborieau

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Tournant le dos aux interprétations nationalistes indiennes et pakistanaises, cet article restitue la dimension millénariste de la carrière de Sayyid Ahmad Barelwî (1786-1831. Ce soufi naqshbandi, qui fut successivement soldat de fortune et réformateur religieux, lança en 1826 un jihâd contre les Sikhs et contre la présence britannique en Inde. Il disparut mystérieusement lors d'une bataille, et ses disciples attendirent son retour comme mahdi pendant plus d'un demi-siècle. Cette ultime arrière messianique est interprétée en quatre étapes. Je montre d'abord comment le contexte politique et social favorisait le développement d'idées millénaristes. La mentalité religieuse de l'époque et la place qu'y occupait l'eschatologie sont ensuite étudiées. La carrière posthume de Sayyid Ahmad comme mahdi est ensuite restituée à travers les sources coloniales. Enfin l'examen de documents originaux en persan écrit avant la mort de Sayyid Ahmad corrigera cette image coloniale, tout en montrant que, déjà de son vivant, il était bien perçu par ses disciples comme une sorte de mahdi du milieu des temps, analogue à certains égards au mujaddid tek que le concevaient les Naqshbandis.

A spectrophotometric study of aqueous Au(III) halide-hydroxide complexes at 25-80 °C

Science.gov (United States)

Usher, Al; McPhail, D. C.; Brugger, Joël

2009-06-01

The mobility and transport of gold in low-temperature waters and brines is affected by the aqueous speciation of gold, which is sensitive in particular to pH, oxidation and halide concentrations. In this study, we use UV-Vis spectrophotometry to identify and measure the thermodynamic properties of Au(III) aqueous complexes with chloride, bromide and hydroxide. Au(III) forms stable square planar complexes with hydroxide and halide ligands. Based on systematic changes in the absorption spectra of solutions in three binary systems NaCl-NaBr, NaCl-NaOH and NaBr-NaOH at 25 °C, we derived log dissociation constants for the following mixed and end-member halide and hydroxide complexes: [AuCl 3Br] -, [AuCl 2Br 2] -, [AuBr 3Cl] - and [AuBr 4] -; [AuCl 3(OH)] -, [AuCl 2(OH) 2] -, [AuCl(OH) 3] - and [Au(OH) 4] -; and [AuBr 3(OH)] -, [AuBr 2(OH) 2] - and [AuBr(OH) 3] -. These are the first reported results for the mixed chloride-bromide complexes. Increasing temperature to 80 °C resulted in an increase in the stability of the mixed chloride-bromide complexes, relative to the end-member chloride and bromide complexes. For the [AuCl (4-n)(OH) n] - series of complexes ( n = 0-4), there is an excellent agreement between our spectrophotometric results and previous electrochemical results of Chateau et al. [Chateau et al. (1966)]. In other experiments, the iodide ion (I -) was found to be unstable in the presence of Au(III), oxidizing rapidly to I 2(g) and causing Au to precipitate. Predicted Au(III) speciation indicates that Au(III) chloride-bromide complexes can be important in transporting gold in brines with high bromide-chloride ratios (e.g., >0.05), under oxidizing (atmospheric), acidic (pH < 5) conditions. Native gold solubility under atmospheric oxygen conditions is predicted to increase with decreasing pH in acidic conditions, increasing pH in alkaline conditions, increasing chloride, especially at acid pH, and increasing bromide for bromide/chloride ratios greater than 0.05

Autopistas: AU-1 25 de Mayo y AU-6 Perito Moreno

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Editorial, Equipo

1981-02-01

Full Text Available Highways AU-1 and AU-6, approximately 17 km. long, were constructed for the purpose of solving the serious traffic problems in Buenos Aires, a city of nine million inhabitants and an evergrowing number of cars. A computer program was created for the design based on the geometric shape of the highway and the position of the supports. Using this, all elements composing the structure were calculated and the framework was sized. This programme made it possible to complete a stretch of 150 metres per week. The very rapid construction was carried out through self-supporting arches made of metallic beams held in place by brackets. The brackets were fitted in specially designed grooves in the major supports of the highway.

Las autopistas AU-1 y AU-6, con una longitud aproximada de 17 km, se realizaron con objeto de resolver el grave problema de infraestructura vial del Municipio de Buenos Aires, ciudad de nueve millones de habitantes y con un parque de vehículos en rápido crecimiento. Para el proyecto se creó un programa de ordenador con el que, partiendo de la definición geométrica de la autopista y de la posición de las pilas, se calculan todos los elementos que componen la estructura y se dimensionan las armaduras. Este programa permitió proyectar un tramo (150 m por semana. La construcción, a un ritmo muy rápido, se llevó a cabo mediante cimbras autoportantes compuestas por vigas metálicas apoyadas sobre ménsulas, las cuales a su vez apoyan en unos nichos dejados en las pilas.

Spin resolved electronic transport through N@C20 fullerene molecule between Au electrodes: A first principles study

Science.gov (United States)

Caliskan, Serkan

2018-05-01

Using first principles study, through Density Functional Theory combined with Non Equilibrium Green's Function Formalism, electronic properties of endohedral N@C20 fullerene molecule joining Au electrodes (Au-N@C20) was addressed in the presence of spin property. The electronic transport behavior across the Au-N@C20 molecular junction was investigated by spin resolved transmission, density of states, molecular orbitals, differential conductance and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. Spin asymmetric variation was clearly observed in the results due to single N atom encapsulated in the C20 fullerene cage, where the N atom played an essential role in the electronic behavior of Au-N@C20. This N@C20 based molecular bridge, exhibiting a spin dependent I-V variation, revealed a metallic behavior within the bias range from -1 V to 1 V. The induced magnetic moment, spin polarization and other relevant quantities associated with the spin resolved transport were elucidated.

Los estados frágiles y el retorno de la administración nativa.

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Mark DUFFIELD

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Durante los últimos años, un número de ideas relacionadas con el trabajo en “entornos difíciles”, o que implican países descritos como “malos actores” o “estados frágiles” han entrado en el discurso político. Tratan de describir el reto del desarrollo en una época de inestabilidad global y de extendido fallo estatal. Estas ideas son similares en contenido y aquí nos referimos a ellas como el estado frágil, o el discurso sobre el estado frágil. El pensamiento de los gobiernos donantes sobre la reconstrucción de los estados frágiles se entiende como la punta de lanza de la política actual. De cualquier forma, además de explorar éste discurso, éste trabajo se basa en las suposiciones y disposiciones desarrolladas dentro de la cobertura del imperialismo liberal, en concreto, la práctica colonial del gobierno indirecto o administración nativa. En vez de ser esencialmente nuevo, el discurso sobre el estado frágil es más bien una reinscripción contemporánea de enfoques anteriores sobre el problema del espacio no gobernado. Dado el fallo histórico de semejantes tecnologías para revertir el rechazo al tutelaje occidental, en una época de guerra indefinida y de creciente insurgencia global, es tan urgente como relevante un examen crítico de esta arqueología.   Over the last several years, a number of ideas relating to working in “difficult environments”, or engaging countries described as “poor performers” or “fragile states” have entered policy discourse. They attempt to describe the challenge for development at a time of global instability and the widespread occurrence of state failure. In content, these ideas are similar and are referred to here as the fragile state, or fragile state discourse. Donor government thinking on reconstructing fragile states is regarded as the cutting-edge of current policy. Besides exploring this discourse however, this paper draws out its reliance on assumptions and

Les illusions perdues. Süssmilch, l’Académie de Berlin et Frédéric II : échec d’une politique de population

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Jean-Marc Rohrbasser

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Le pasteur Süssmilch, après avoir publié en 1741 la première version de son ouvrage majeur, L’ordre divin dans les changements de l’espèce humaine, est agrégé à l’Académie des sciences de Prusse. L’ouvrage expose une application particulière d’une doctrine alors très en vogue : la théologie physique. En effet, selon Süssmilch, les phénomènes démographiques tels que la natalité, la nuptialité et la mortalité sont régis par la volonté divine et sa providence. À l’Académie, Süssmilch lit de nombreuses communications portant sur l’histoire de la Prusse, l’origine des langues et sur son objet de prédilection : l’explication des phénomènes démographiques par une régularité statistique elle-même ouvrage de Dieu.L’objet de la présente communication est de tenter d’expliquer pourquoi Süssmilch, pasteur luthérien, ne devient pas le conseiller du prince qu’il pense pouvoir être et aspire à être. Le pasteur déclare ouvertement avoir des visées pratiques, voire politiques. Sa position sociale et ses recherches sur la population en font un membre possible du gouvernement de l’état frédéricien. Il demeure cependant un haut fonctionnaire de la hiérarchie ecclésiastique luthérienne. Comment cela s’explique-t-il ?Après avoir sommairement décrit l’activité savante de Süssmilch à l’Académie et comment est accueilli et se diffuse le savoir qu’il tente d’y introduire, je montrerai qu’une conjoncture favorable à ses desseins politiques paraissait présider à sa carrière. Süssmilch arrive en effet au bon moment : il n’a que cinq ans de plus que Frédéric II, et l’accession au trône de ce dernier coïncide avec le début de la carrière du pasteur. Les circonstances sont favorables, et Süssmilch, indiquant l’utilité de ses recherches, insiste sur leur portée politique.J’exposerai ensuite en quoi le roi et le pasteur tombent d’accord. Les vues de Süssmilch et

Centros de producción de materiales de construcción en países en vías de desarrollo

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Simon, Morris

1987-08-01

Full Text Available The need for shelter is a growing worldwide problem. In developing countries this need far exceeds the capacity of government agencies to respond. Cooperative self-help techniques often provide alternative means for lower income people to imporve their own shelter and community services with a minimun of outside assistance. These techniques may often require the introduction of less advanced, but appropriate building technology is important. It is, however, only one part of a comprehensive system needed to produce better housing. In many countries, technology is the least important constraint; more serious concerns are building technology is important. It is, however, only one part of a comprehensive system needed to produce better housing. In many countries, technology is the least important constraint; more serious concerns are managerial and financial obstacles. The Building Materials Production Centers concept is part of a larger shelter development strategy; a "Cooperative Development System 1 aimed at promoting low-cost housing in developing countries. The self-help construction that takes place in squatter settlements and rural areas is often poorly served by the formal construction industry material suppliers and must rely on informal material production systems for building materials. Building Materials Production Centers can be established to meet the needs of these settlement areas in a more efficient way at a reasonable cost and at locations where people are improving their own housing and communities.

Las necesidades de alojamiento constituyen un problema creciente a nivel mundial. En los países en vías de desarrollo, esta necesidad excede con mucho la capacidad de respuesta de las agencias gubernamentales. Las técnicas cooperativas de auto-construcción proporcionan, a menudo, medios alternativos para la población de ingresos bajos que puede mejorar sus propios alojamientos y servicios comunitarios con un mínimo de

Microcréditos en países en vías de desarrollo - Evaluación de Impacto Social

OpenAIRE

Pardilla Fernández, Santiago

2014-01-01

Las EIS se orientan a introducir, en el diseño, evaluación y ejecución de proyectos de desarrollo, el estudio de sus consecuencias o impactos sociales. Las capacidades que otorgan las nuevas tecnologías de extracción y distribución de los recursos, así como las necesidades socioeconómicas de desarrollo en países que no han alcanzado cotas suficientes de bienestar han impulsado numerosos proyectos y megaproyectos a una velocidad inusitada. Estos proyectos conllevan importantes cambios socioamb...

Face au risque

CERN Document Server

Grosse, Christian; November, Valérie

2007-01-01

Ce volume collectif sur le risque inaugure la collection L'ÉQUINOXE. Ancré dans l'histoire pour mesurer les continuités et les ruptures, il illustre la manière dont les sciences humaines évaluent et mesurent les enjeux collectifs du risque sur les plans politiques, scientifiques, énergétiques, juridiques et éthiques. Puisse-t-il nourrir la réflexion sur la culture et la prévention du risque. Ses formes épidémiques, écologiques, sociales, terroristes et militaires nourrissent les peurs actuelles, structurent les projets sécuritaires et constituent - sans doute - les défis majeurs à notre modernité. Dans la foulée de la richesse scientifique d'Equinoxe, L'ÉQUINOXE hérite de son esprit en prenant à son tour le pari de contribuer - non sans risque - à enrichir en Suisse romande et ailleurs le champ éditorial des sciences humaines dont notre société a besoin pour forger ses repères. Après Face au risque suivra cet automne Du sens des Lumières. (MICHEL PORRET Professeur Ordinaire à la F...

Studying Angular Distribution of Neutron for (p,n) Reaction from 0.5 GeV to 1.5 GeV on some Heavy Targets 238U, 206Pb, 197Au, 186W

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nguyen Mong Giao; Tran Thanh Dung; Nguyen Thi Ai Thu; Huynh Thi Xuan Tham

2010-08-01

The angular distributions of neutron are calculated for a spallation reaction induced by proton energy from 0.5 GeV to 1.5 GeV on target nuclei 206 Pb, 197 Au, 238 U, 186 W. In this report, we use nuclear data of JENDL-HE with evaluated proton induced cross-sections up to 3 GeV. The obtained results have been discussed in detail. (author)

Study on antibacterial activity of chemically synthesized PANI-Ag-Au nanocomposite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boomi, Pandi [Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu (India); Prabu, Halliah Gurumallesh, E-mail: hgprabu2010@gmail.com [Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu (India); Manisankar, Paramasivam [Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu (India); Ravikumar, Sundaram [Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, School of Marine Sciences, Alagappa University, Thondi Campus 623 409, Tamil Nadu (India)

2014-05-01

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • New method of synthesizing PANI-Ag-Au nanocomposite. • Surface Plasmon resonance and formation of composite at nano level were analyzed. • HR-TEM study revealed uniform distribution of nanoparticles. • PANI-Ag-Au nanocomposite exhibited good antibacterial activity. - Abstract: Pristine polyaniline (PANI), PANI-Ag, PANI-Au and PANI-Ag-Au nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization method using aniline as monomer, ammonium persulphate as oxidant and metal (Ag, Au and Ag-Au) colloids. UV-Vis analysis exhibited surface Plasmon resonances of Ag, Au, Ag-Au nanoparticles. FT-IR spectra revealed the shift in peak position of N-H stretching. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirm the presence of Ag, Au and Au-Ag nanoparticles. HR-TEM images show nanosizes of Ag, Au, Ag-Au and the incorporation of such nanoparticles into the PANI matrix. Pristine PANI, PANI-Ag, PANI-Au and PANI-Ag-Au nanocomposites were tested for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method. PANI-Ag-Au nanocomposite exhibited higher antibacterial activity against both gram-positive [Streptococcus sp. (MTCC 890), Staphylococcus sp. (MTCC 96)] and gram-negative bacteria [Escherichia coli (MTCC 1671) and Klebsiella sp. (MTCC 7407)] when compared with PANI-Ag nanocomposite, PANI-Au nanocomposite and pristine PANI. The novelty of this study is the polymer-bimetal synthesis and its antibacterial potential.

78 FR 44563 - Senior Executive Service (SES) Performance Review Board

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-24

... FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY Senior Executive Service (SES) Performance Review Board AGENCY... Management, one or more PRBs. The PRB shall review and evaluate the initial appraisal of a senior executive's performance by the supervisor, along with any response by the senior executive, and make recommendations to...

Gold chloride clusters with Au(III) and Au(I) probed by FT-ICR mass spectrometry and MP2 theory.

Science.gov (United States)

Lemke, Kono H

2014-05-07

Microsolvated clusters of gold chloride are probed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and scalar relativistic electronic structure calculations. Electrospray ionization of aqueous AuCl3 leads to mononuclear clusters of types [AuCl2](+)(H2O)n (n = 0-4), [AuOHCl](+)(H2O)n (n = 0-1) and [AuCl2](+)(HCl)2(H2O)n (n = 0-4). In addition, strong ion signals due to dinuclear [Au2Cl5-xOHx](+)(H2O)n (x = 0-1) are present in ESI mass spectra of aqueous AuCl3, with the abundance of individual dinuclear species controlled by the concentration-dependent variation of the precursor complexes [AuCl2-xOHx](+)(H2O)n and AuCl3. Equilibrium structures, energies and thermodynamic properties of mono- and dinuclear gold clusters have been predicted using MP2 and CCSD(T) theory, and these data have been applied to examine the influence of microsolvation on cluster stability. Specifically, results from CCSD(T) calculations indicate that non-covalently bound ion-neutral complexes Au(+)(Cl2)(H2O)n, with formal Au(I), are the dominant forms of mononuclear gold with n = 0-2, while higher hydrates (n > 2) are covalently bound [AuCl2](+)(H2O)n complexes in which gold exists as Au(III). MP2 calculations show that the lowest energy structure of dinuclear gold is an ion-molecule cluster [Au2Cl(Cl2)2](+) consisting of a single-bridged digold-chloronium ion bound end-on to two dichlorine ligands, with two higher energy isomers, single-bridged [Au2Cl3(Cl2)](+) and double-bridged [Au2Cl5](+) clusters. Finally, AuAu interactions in the singly-bridged clusters [Au2Cl(Cl2)2](+)(H2O)n and [Au2Cl3(Cl2)](+)(H2O)n are examined employing a wide range of computational tools, including natural bond order (NBO) analysis and localized orbital locator (LOL) profiles.

Measurement of the higher-order anisotropic flow coefficients for identified hadrons in Au + Au collisions at √{sN N}=200 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Adare, A.; Afanasiev, S.; Aidala, C.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Akiba, Y.; Al-Bataineh, H.; Alexander, J.; Aoki, K.; Aramaki, Y.; Atomssa, E. T.; Averbeck, R.; Awes, T. C.; Azmoun, B.; Babintsev, V.; Bai, M.; Baksay, G.; Baksay, L.; Barish, K. N.; Bassalleck, B.; Basye, A. T.; Bathe, S.; Baublis, V.; Baumann, C.; Bazilevsky, A.; Belikov, S.; Belmont, R.; Bennett, R.; Berdnikov, A.; Berdnikov, Y.; Bickley, A. A.; Bok, J. S.; Boyle, K.; Brooks, M. L.; Buesching, H.; Bumazhnov, V.; Bunce, G.; Butsyk, S.; Camacho, C. M.; Campbell, S.; Chen, C.-H.; Chi, C. Y.; Chiu, M.; Choi, I. J.; Choudhury, R. K.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Chung, P.; Chvala, O.; Cianciolo, V.; Citron, Z.; Cole, B. A.; Connors, M.; Constantin, P.; Csanád, M.; Csörgő, T.; Dahms, T.; Dairaku, S.; Danchev, I.; Das, K.; Datta, A.; David, G.; Denisov, A.; Deshpande, A.; Desmond, E. J.; Dietzsch, O.; Dion, A.; Donadelli, M.; Drapier, O.; Drees, A.; Drees, K. A.; Durham, J. M.; Durum, A.; Dutta, D.; Edwards, S.; Efremenko, Y. V.; Ellinghaus, F.; Engelmore, T.; Enokizono, A.; En'yo, H.; Esumi, S.; Fadem, B.; Fields, D. E.; Finger, M.; Finger, M.; Fleuret, F.; Fokin, S. L.; Fraenkel, Z.; Frantz, J. E.; Franz, A.; Frawley, A. D.; Fujiwara, K.; Fukao, Y.; Fusayasu, T.; Garishvili, I.; Glenn, A.; Gong, H.; Gonin, M.; Goto, Y.; Granier de Cassagnac, R.; Grau, N.; Greene, S. V.; Grosse Perdekamp, M.; Gu, Y.; Gunji, T.; Gustafsson, H.-Å.; Haggerty, J. S.; Hahn, K. I.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamblen, J.; Han, R.; Hanks, J.; Hartouni, E. P.; Haslum, E.; Hayano, R.; He, X.; Heffner, M.; Hemmick, T. K.; Hester, T.; Hill, J. C.; Hohlmann, M.; Holzmann, W.; Homma, K.; Hong, B.; Horaguchi, T.; Hornback, D.; Huang, S.; Ichihara, T.; Ichimiya, R.; Ide, J.; Ikeda, Y.; Imai, K.; Inaba, M.; Isenhower, D.; Ishihara, M.; Isobe, T.; Issah, M.; Isupov, A.; Ivanischev, D.; Jacak, B. V.; Jia, J.; Jin, J.; Johnson, B. M.; Joo, K. S.; Jouan, D.; Jumper, D. S.; Kajihara, F.; Kametani, S.; Kamihara, N.; Kamin, J.; Kang, J. H.; Kapustinsky, J.; Karatsu, K.; Kawall, D.; Kawashima, M.; Kazantsev, A. V.; Kempel, T.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kijima, K. M.; Kim, B. I.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, E.; Kim, E.-J.; Kim, S. H.; Kim, Y.-J.; Kinney, E.; Kiriluk, K.; Kiss, Á.; Kistenev, E.; Kochenda, L.; Komkov, B.; Konno, M.; Koster, J.; Kotchetkov, D.; Kozlov, A.; Král, A.; Kravitz, A.; Kunde, G. J.; Kurita, K.; Kurosawa, M.; Kwon, Y.; Kyle, G. S.; Lacey, R.; Lai, Y. S.; Lajoie, J. G.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, D. M.; Lee, J.; Lee, K.; Lee, K. B.; Lee, K. S.; Leitch, M. J.; Leite, M. A. L.; Leitner, E.; Lenzi, B.; Li, X.; Liebing, P.; Linden Levy, L. A.; Liška, T.; Litvinenko, A.; Liu, H.; Liu, M. X.; Love, B.; Luechtenborg, R.; Lynch, D.; Maguire, C. F.; Makdisi, Y. I.; Malakhov, A.; Malik, M. D.; Manko, V. I.; Mannel, E.; Mao, Y.; Masui, H.; Matathias, F.; McCumber, M.; McGaughey, P. L.; Means, N.; Meredith, B.; Miake, Y.; Mignerey, A. C.; Mikeš, P.; Miki, K.; Milov, A.; Mishra, M.; Mitchell, J. T.; Mizuno, S.; Mohanty, A. K.; Morino, Y.; Morreale, A.; Morrison, D. P.; Moukhanova, T. V.; Murata, J.; Nagamiya, S.; Nagle, J. L.; Naglis, M.; Nagy, M. I.; Nakagawa, I.; Nakamiya, Y.; Nakamura, T.; Nakano, K.; Newby, J.; Nguyen, M.; Niida, T.; Nouicer, R.; Nyanin, A. S.; O'Brien, E.; Oda, S. X.; Ogilvie, C. A.; Oka, M.; Okada, K.; Onuki, Y.; Oskarsson, A.; Ouchida, M.; Ozawa, K.; Pak, R.; Pantuev, V.; Papavassiliou, V.; Park, I. H.; Park, J.; Park, S. K.; Park, W. J.; Pate, S. F.; Pei, H.; Peng, J.-C.; Pereira, H.; Peresedov, V.; Peressounko, D. Yu.; Pinkenburg, C.; Pisani, R. P.; Proissl, M.; Purschke, M. L.; Purwar, A. K.; Qu, H.; Rak, J.; Rakotozafindrabe, A.; Ravinovich, I.; Read, K. F.; Reygers, K.; Reynolds, D.; Riabov, V.; Riabov, Y.; Richardson, E.; Roach, D.; Roche, G.; Rolnick, S. D.; Rosati, M.; Rosen, C. A.; Rosendahl, S. S. E.; Rosnet, P.; Rukoyatkin, P.; Ružička, P.; Sahlmueller, B.; Saito, N.; Sakaguchi, T.; Sakashita, K.; Samsonov, V.; Sano, S.; Sato, T.; Sawada, S.; Sedgwick, K.; Seele, J.; Seidl, R.; Semenov, A. Yu.; Seto, R.; Sharma, D.; Shein, I.; Shibata, T.-A.; Shigaki, K.; Shimomura, M.; Shoji, K.; Shukla, P.; Sickles, A.; Silva, C. L.; Silvermyr, D.; Silvestre, C.; Sim, K. S.; Singh, B. K.; Singh, C. P.; Singh, V.; Slunečka, M.; Soltz, R. A.; Sondheim, W. E.; Sorensen, S. P.; Sourikova, I. V.; Sparks, N. A.; Stankus, P. W.; Stenlund, E.; Stoll, S. P.; Sugitate, T.; Sukhanov, A.; Sziklai, J.; Takagui, E. M.; Taketani, A.; Tanabe, R.; Tanaka, Y.; Tanida, K.; Tannenbaum, M. J.; Tarafdar, S.; Taranenko, A.; Tarján, P.; Themann, H.; Thomas, T. L.; Todoroki, T.; Togawa, M.; Toia, A.; Tomášek, L.; Torii, H.; Towell, R. S.; Tserruya, I.; Tsuchimoto, Y.; Vale, C.; Valle, H.; van Hecke, H. W.; Vazquez-Zambrano, E.; Veicht, A.; Velkovska, J.; Vértesi, R.; Vinogradov, A. A.; Virius, M.; Vrba, V.; Vznuzdaev, E.; Wang, X. R.; Watanabe, D.; Watanabe, K.; Watanabe, Y.; Wei, F.; Wei, R.; Wessels, J.; White, S. N.; Winter, D.; Wood, J. P.; Woody, C. L.; Wright, R. M.; Wysocki, M.; Xie, W.; Yamaguchi, Y. L.; Yamaura, K.; Yang, R.; Yanovich, A.; Ying, J.; Yokkaichi, S.; You, Z.; Young, G. R.; Younus, I.; Yushmanov, I. E.; Zajc, W. A.; Zhang, C.; Zhou, S.; Zolin, L.; Phenix Collaboration

2016-05-01

Measurements of the anisotropic flow coefficients v2{Ψ2} ,v3{Ψ3} ,v4{Ψ4} , and v4{Ψ2} for identified particles (π±,K± , and p +p ¯ ) at midrapidity, obtained relative to the event planes Ψm at forward rapidities in Au + Au collisions at √{sNN}=200 GeV , are presented as a function of collision centrality and particle transverse momenta pT. The vn coefficients show characteristic patterns consistent with hydrodynamical expansion of the matter produced in the collisions. For each harmonic n , a modified valence quark-number Nq scaling [plotting vn{Ψm} /(Nq) n /2 versus transverse kinetic energies (KET) /Nq] is observed to yield a single curve for all the measured particle species for a broad range of KET. A simultaneous blast-wave model fit to the observed vn{Ψm} (pT) coefficients and published particle spectra identifies radial flow anisotropies ρn{Ψm} and spatial eccentricities sn{Ψm} at freeze-out. These are generally smaller than the initial-state participant-plane geometric eccentricities ɛn{ΨmPP} as also observed in the final eccentricity from quantum interferometry measurements with respect to the event plane.

La protección del software en Cuba. Comparación con otros países latinoamericanos.

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Nerbys Hernández Dorta

2009-10-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años los asuntos relacionados con la Propiedad Intelectual han ido cobrando importancia, por lo que la legislación en ese sentido ha tenido que sufrir mutaciones que la han llevado a la búsqueda de estructuras que le permitan desarrollarse en toda su extensión. El proceso de digitalización que se diversificó con la aparición de la Sociedad de la Información, entrañó la aparición de una nueva categoría de obras que se debían insertar en las concepciones de los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual, pues aparecían bienes intangibles con una naturaleza diferente a los ya conocidos, entre ellos el software, el cual ha sido objeto de un polémico debate en cuanto a la necesidad de su protección. Desde su creación se ha tratado de determinar una figura que le diera amparo legal, y para ello siempre se mantuvo en el derecho de las invenciones, el derecho de autor y una protección sui generis. Es por ello que se realizó una revisión de la legislación existente en la materia para de forma concreta proporcionarles información a los interesados en el tema sobre la protección legal de los programas de ordenador en Cuba; así como su comparación con legislaciones en esta materia en países como Bolivia y Venezuela.

Alkyne hydroarylation with Au N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts

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Cristina Tubaro

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Mono- and dinuclear gold complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC ligands have been employed as catalysts in the intermolecular hydroarylation of alkynes with simple unfunctionalised arenes. Both mono- and dinuclear gold(III complexes were able to catalyze the reaction; however, the best results were obtained with the mononuclear gold(I complex IPrAuCl. This complex, activated with one equivalent of silver tetrafluoroborate, exhibited under acidic conditions at room temperature much higher catalytic activity and selectivity compared to more commonly employed palladium(II catalysts. Moreover, the complex was active, albeit to a minor extent, even under neutral conditions, and exhibited lower activity but higher selectivity compared to the previously published complex AuCl(PPh3. Preliminary results on intramolecular hydroarylations using this catalytic system indicate, however, that alkyne hydration by traces of water may become a serious competing reaction.

Le Brésil et sa généreuse diplomatie : un dragon amical ou un tigre de papier ?

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Robert Muggah

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Jouissant d’une démocratie stable et d’une croissance économique vertigineuse, le Brésil est en passe de devenir une puissance mondiale. Le pays s’attelle aujourd’hui à renforcer ses relations multilatérales et bilatérales en vue de promouvoir le commerce et de réduire sa vulnérabilité à l’étranger et au niveau national. Cet article montre comment le Brésil a progressivement aligné sa politique étrangère sur la coopération Sud-Sud (CSS dans le but d’atteindre ces objectifs parallèles. Si les priorités politiques du Brésil en matière de commerce ont retenu l’attention, il en est tout autrement de ses politiques et de ses pratiques en matière d’aide au développement. En outre, il est surprenant de constater que le lien explicite entre ces deux piliers de la politique étrangère brésilienne que sont le commerce et l’aide ne suscite guère de débat. Le présent article cherche à démontrer que le nouveau programme d’aide du Brésil repose fondamentalement sur des considérations commerciales. Au cours des dix dernières années, le Brésil s’est en effet attaché à positionner son programme de politique étrangère de manière à remodeler les termes mondiaux de l’échange en sa faveur et à diminuer sa dépendance aux niveaux international et national. Les attributions relativement modestes de l’aide au développement du Brésil augmentent avec l’effort plus général de faire progresser le commerce, l’investissement étranger direct et le transfert technologique. En cherchant de nouveaux marchés pour ses produits, services et investissements, le Brésil escompte que sa position en faveur de la coopération pour le développement Sud-Sud (CDSS l’aidera à renforcer son influence dans les organisations bilatérales et multilatérales, y compris au sein de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC et du Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU.

Valorización de la identidad territorial, políticas públicas y estrategias de desarrollo territorial en los países del mercosur

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Andrea Benedetto

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Benedetto presenta una aproximación a los procesos de desarrollo territorial que están cobrando impulso en los países del Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR. Retoma las grandes etapas históricas por las que ha transitado el agro en los países de América Latina en general y el MERCOSUR en particular. Luego, se revisan los rasgos centrales que tienen las actuales políticas rurales de los países miembros de MERCOSUR, en especial su manejo de las marcas y denominaciones de origen. No existe una política común de desarrollo rural; las políticas agrícolas nacionales son sólo sectoriales y se orientan a promover la productividad y la competitividad comprimiendo costos, por encima de la valorización de la calidad. Sin embargo, en la última década, Se está rescatando no sólo el entorno geográfico característico del medio rural, sino también se valorizan las formas de vida, alimentos, bienes y servicios, resultado de la identidad cultural de las poblaciones. Por último, se presentan dos iniciativas de valorización de la identidad cultural rural en Argentina: los Caminos de Altamira - San Carlos, Mendoza y El Vino de la Costa - Berisso, Buenos Aires.

Affections cutaneo-muqueuses au cours de l'Infection a VIH /SIDA ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Les affections dermatologiques sont fréquentes au cours de l'infection par le virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine (VIH). Nous avons réalisé une étude prospective de janvier à décembre 2003 au service de l'hôpital du jour de Hôpital Central de Yaoundé, afin de répertorier les affections cutanes et muqueuses associées ...

Elementos para la contabilización de proyectos MDL en países no-anexo I, caso: Argentina

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Perossa, Mario Luis

2008-04-01

Full Text Available El objeto del presente trabajo tiene por finalidad presentar propuestas para el debate y la reflexión sobre ciertos temas relacionados con la contabilización de algunos instrumentos surgidos a partir de la puesta en marcha del Protocolo de Kyoto, mas precisamente sobre el Mecanismo para un Desarrollo Limpio (MDL, que es el instrumento aplicable a aquellos países (que como en el caso de la República Argentina, firmaron y ratificaron el mismo en vías de desarrollo no se encuentra sujeto a regulación sobre reducción de emisiones pero pueden ser objeto de planes de MDL.

PUBLICACIONES DE LA REVISTA AGRONOMÍA MESOAMERICANA DURANTE EL PERIODO 1990-2010: CLASIFICACIÓN, TEMÁTICA, PAÍSES Y DIFUSIÓN

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Nelson Pe\\u00F1a Navarro

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la temática y procedencia de las publicaciones de la revista Agronomía Me soamericana durante el periodo comprendido entre 1990-2010. Esta revista es el Órgano divulgativo del Programa Cooperativo Ce ntroamericano para el Me joramie nto de Cultivos y Animales (PCCMCA . Desde el inicio en 1990 a la fecha se han publicado 629 trabajos de los cuales el 63% son artículos científicos, 26% notas técnicas, 8% son análisis y comentarios, mientras que las informaciones técnicas y las revisiones bibliográficas poseen 2% cada uno. Costa Rica y México son los países con mayor cantidad de trabajos publicados, con 37 y 32% respectivamente, seguidos de El Sa lvador, Guatemala, Honduras y Cuba. Los principa les temas tratados son el maíz (24% y el frijol (21%, seguidos de los forrajes (7% y el de ganado lechero (4%, mie ntras que el arroz, el sorgo, las malezas y el pejibaye alcanzaron el 3% cada uno. El porcentaje de rechazo de los trabajos sometidos a publicación durante el 2010 fue del 20%. Se destaca la distribución impresa de la revista a treinta países alrededor del mundo, a bibliotecas así como a centros de documentación principalmente a los continentes de América, Europa, Asia y algunas de las islas del Ca ribe.

Fabrication of fine spongy nanoporous Ag-Au alloys with improved catalysis properties

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Cuiting Li

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Fine NP-AgAu (nanoporous AgAu alloys with spongy structure was fabricated by chemical dealloying from rapidly solidified amorphous precursors Ag38.75−xCu38.75Si22.5Aux (x=0, 0.5, 1 and 5. The results indicate that the addition of small content Au in precursor can refine both the ligaments and pores obviously. Among the present components of the precursors, NP-AgAu alloys dealloying from Ag37.75Cu38.75Si22.5Au1 had the finest spongy structure. The size of pores was 5–10 nm and the grain size of ligaments was 10–20 nm. It also had the highest surface area of 106.83 m2g−1 and the best catalytic activity towards electro-oxidation of formaldehyde with the peak current of 665 mA mg−1.

75 FR 43944 - Membership of the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Senior Executive Service (SES) Performance...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-27

... CONTACT: Ms. Lisa Novajosky, SES Program Manager, DLA Human Resources (J-14), Defense Logistics Agency... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Defense Logistics Agency Membership of the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA... management of the SES cadre. DATES: Effective Date: September 16, 2010. ADDRESSES: Defense Logistics Agency...

n+ GaAs/AuGeNi-Au Thermocouple-Type RF MEMS Power Sensors Based on Dual Thermal Flow Paths in GaAs MMIC

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Zhiqiang Zhang

2017-06-01

Full Text Available To achieve radio frequency (RF power detection, gain control, and circuit protection, this paper presents n+ GaAs/AuGeNi-Au thermocouple-type RF microelectromechanical system (MEMS power sensors based on dual thermal flow paths. The sensors utilize a conversion principle of RF power-heat-voltage, where a thermovoltage is obtained as the RF power changes. To improve the heat transfer efficiency and the sensitivity, structures of two heat conduction paths are designed: one in which a thermal slug of Au is placed between two load resistors and hot junctions of the thermocouples, and one in which a back cavity is fabricated by the MEMS technology to form a substrate membrane underneath the resistors and the hot junctions. The improved sensors were fabricated by a GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC process. Experiments show that these sensors have reflection losses of less than −17 dB up to 12 GHz. At 1, 5, and 10 GHz, measured sensitivities are about 63.45, 53.97, and 44.14 µV/mW for the sensor with the thermal slug, and about 111.03, 94.79, and 79.04 µV/mW for the sensor with the thermal slug and the back cavity, respectively.

La Presencia China en Oriente Próximo tras la Guerra Fría: Relevancia y Efectos de su Diplomacia e Intereses Económicos en la Región

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Eric Pardo Sauvageot

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la presencia china en Oriente Próximo ha evolucionado desde presupuestos dogmáticos hacia un mayor pragmatismo. Sin embargo la necesidad de ver a una región clave como Oriente Próximo en plena estabilidad no ha cambiado desde entonces; si en la Guerra Fría se temía al dominio por parte de las potencias enemigas, con las reformas económicas y la caída del Bloque del Este, China se ve cada vez más ligada por su dependencia energética. Tal interés por la estabilidad hace que su agenda diplomática coincida con la de los EEUU, pero sus relaciones bilaterales con países como Irán, y en especial la venta de armas, causan serias fricciones. La proliferación no es el único problema, el espectro de la competición energética también ensombrece la perspectiva de las futuras relaciones entre ambos países. Sin embargo, hay elementos de cooperación no sólo por el anhelo compartido por la estabilidad: Sin que China quiera ni pueda sustituir a los EEUU en su papel regional hegemónico y sin que haya aprovechado el unilateralismo de la administración Bush para atraer políticamente a otros países con aprensiones, las oportunidades que la cooperación energética abre y las posibilidades de que la dependencia china de Arabia Saudita acerque posiciones sobre Irán, son elementos que la Administración Obama debería de tener en cuenta. Una comprensión de los mecanismos de las relaciones trilaterales entre ambos países y Oriente Próximo será necesaria para explotar los elementos que favorezcan la armonía y la estabilidad.

An SFG and DFG investigation of polycrystalline Au, Au-Cu and Au-Ag-Cu electrodes in contact with aqueous solutions containing KCN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bozzini, Benedetto; Busson, Bertrand; De Gaudenzi, Gian Pietro; Mele, Claudio; Tadjeddine, Abderrahmane

2007-01-01

In this paper, the behaviour of polycrystalline Au, Au-Cu (Cu 25%) and Au-Ag-Cu (Ag 10%, Cu 15%) electrodes in contact with neutral aqueous solutions of KCN has been studied as a function of potential by means of in situ sum frequency generation (SFG) and difference frequency generation (DFG) spectroscopies. The potential-dependent spectra have been analysed quantitatively with a model for the second-order non-linear susceptibility accounting for vibrational and electronic effects. The potential-dependence of the CN - stretching band position and of the free-electron contribution to the real part of the non-resonant component of the second-order susceptibility have been accounted for. Spectroelectrochemical results were complemented by cyclic voltammetric measurements. The chief stress in this work has been placed on systematising and quantifying the interaction between the vibrational and electronic structures of the electrodic interfaces studied. The effects of adsorbates on the electronic structure of the adsorbing electrode, as a function of electrode alloy composition and applied potential are particularly critical for the understanding of Au-alloy electrochemistry in the presence of cyanide and cyanocomplexes. The systematic comparison of SFG and DFG spectra measured under the same electrochemical conditions for Au, Au-Cu and Au-Ag-Cu electrodes discloses a rich phenomenology related to the electronic structure of the interface

An SFG and DFG investigation of polycrystalline Au, Au-Cu and Au-Ag-Cu electrodes in contact with aqueous solutions containing KCN

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bozzini, Benedetto [Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell' Innovazione, Universita di Lecce, v. Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce (Italy)]. E-mail: benedetto.bozzini@unile.it; Busson, Bertrand [CLIO-LCP, Universite Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex (France); De Gaudenzi, Gian Pietro [Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell' Innovazione, Universita di Lecce, v. Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce (Italy); Mele, Claudio [Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell' Innovazione, Universita di Lecce, v. Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce (Italy); Tadjeddine, Abderrahmane [UDIL-CNRS, Bat. 201, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, BP 34, 91898 Orsay Cedex (France)

2007-01-16

In this paper, the behaviour of polycrystalline Au, Au-Cu (Cu 25%) and Au-Ag-Cu (Ag 10%, Cu 15%) electrodes in contact with neutral aqueous solutions of KCN has been studied as a function of potential by means of in situ sum frequency generation (SFG) and difference frequency generation (DFG) spectroscopies. The potential-dependent spectra have been analysed quantitatively with a model for the second-order non-linear susceptibility accounting for vibrational and electronic effects. The potential-dependence of the CN{sup -} stretching band position and of the free-electron contribution to the real part of the non-resonant component of the second-order susceptibility have been accounted for. Spectroelectrochemical results were complemented by cyclic voltammetric measurements. The chief stress in this work has been placed on systematising and quantifying the interaction between the vibrational and electronic structures of the electrodic interfaces studied. The effects of adsorbates on the electronic structure of the adsorbing electrode, as a function of electrode alloy composition and applied potential are particularly critical for the understanding of Au-alloy electrochemistry in the presence of cyanide and cyanocomplexes. The systematic comparison of SFG and DFG spectra measured under the same electrochemical conditions for Au, Au-Cu and Au-Ag-Cu electrodes discloses a rich phenomenology related to the electronic structure of the interface.

Structure reactivity relationships during N2O hydrogenation over Au-Ag alloys: A study by field emission techniques

Science.gov (United States)

Jacobs, Luc; Barroo, Cédric; Gilis, Natalia; Lambeets, Sten V.; Genty, Eric; Visart de Bocarmé, Thierry

2018-03-01

To make available atomic oxygen at the surface of a catalyst is the key step for oxidation reactions on Au-based catalysts. In this context, Au-Ag alloys catalysts exhibit promising properties for selective oxidation reactions of alcohols: low temperature activity and high selectivity. The presence of O(ads) and its effects on the catalytic reactivity is studied via the N2O dissociative adsorption and subsequent hydrogenation. Field emission techniques are particularly suited to study this reaction: Field Ion Microscopy (FIM) and Field Emission Microscopy (FEM) enable to image the extremity of sharp metallic tips, the size and morphology of which are close to those of one single catalytic particle. The reaction dynamics is studied in the 300-320 K temperature range and at a pressure of 3.5 × 10-3 Pa. The main results are a strong structure/reactivity relationship during N2O + H2 reaction over Au-8.8 at.%Ag model catalysts. Comparison of high-resolution FIM images of the clean sample and FEM images during reaction shows a sensitivity of the reaction to the local structure of the facets, independently of the used partial pressures of both N2O and H2. This suggests a localised dissociative adsorption step for N2O and H2 with the formation of a reactive interface around the {210} facets.

Study of helium diffusion, implanted at a cyclotron, in face-centered cubic metals: Au, Ag and Al

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sciani, V.

1985-01-01

Helium in metals is produced by nuclear reactions of energetic particles. In nuclear technology the interest on helium in metals is import, due to its production by (n, α) reaction. Because helium has extremely low solubility in metals, the precipitation in the form of filled bubbles at elevated temperatures occurs, which have detrimental effects on mechanical properties and may limit the lifetime of structural components. One typical example is the high temperature embrittlement. The nucleation and growth of the bubbles strongly depends on the mobility of the helium. This work presents the study of helium diffusion in Au, Ag and Al at temperatures above room temperature. The helium created by (n, α) reactions has been simulated by homogeneous alpha particles implantation in cyclotron, at room temperature, in specimens of thicknesses between 5 and 50 μm and helium concentration between 10 -3 to 10 ppm. After implantation, the specimens were dropped in a furnace in a UHV-chamber and the diffusion was measured by observing the He-release during linear and isothermal annealings. The occurence of free diffusion was comparing the dependence of release kinetics on helium concentration, sample thickness, time and heating rate to diffusion theory and is clearly separeted from agglomeration process. The diffusion constants of helium in Au, Ag and Al follow an Arrhenius behavior, with: Au:D o =10 -1.0 cm 2 /s ΔH=1.70eV Ag:D 0 =10 -1.2 cm 2 /s ΔH=1.51eV Al:D o =10 +0.5 cm 2 /s ΔH=1.40eV. The results are compared to self-diffusion and to the diffusion of other gases in these metals. Comparison with theoretical estimates favours the vacancy mechanism for helium diffusion in Au, Ag and Al. (author) [pt

The quinternary thiophosphate Cs0.5Ag0.5Nb2PS10

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Sojeong Park

2010-07-01

Full Text Available The quinternary thiophosphate Cs0.5Ag0.5Nb2PS10, cesium silver tris(disulfido[tetrathiophosphato(V]diniobate(IV, has been prepared from the elements using a CsCl flux. The crystal structure is made up of ∞1[Nb2PS10] chains expanding along [010]. These chains are built up from bicapped trigonal-prismatic [Nb2S12] units and tetrahedral [PS4] groups and are linked through a linear S—Ag—S bridge, forming a two-dimensional layer. These layers then stack on top of each other, completing the three-dimensional structure with an undulating van der Waals gap. The disordered Cs+ ions reside on sites with half-occupation in the voids of this arrangement. Short [2.8843 (5 Å] and long [3.7316 (4 Å] Nb—Nb distances alternate along the chains, and anionic S22− and S2− species are observed. The charge balance of the compound can be represented by the formula [Cs+]0.5[Ag+]0.5[Nb4+]2[PS43−][S22−]3.

As NICSPs e a Contabilidade Governamental de Países em Desenvolvimento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James L. Chan

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de alcanzar metas socioeconómicas ambiciosas, países en vías de desarrollo precisan desarrollar capacidad institucional en el sector público para establecer e implementar políticas públicas, las cuales, por su vez, prescinden de una reforma en su contabilidad gubernamental. El valor social de la reforma en la contabilidad gubernamental reposa, por tanto, en su contribución para las metas de desarrollo, inclusive de reducción de la pobreza. Esa fundamentación ha conducido a los donadores y a los financiadores interna - cionales y multilaterales a endosar las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad para el Sector Público (NICSPs y su adopción en países en vías de desarrollo. El énfasis en asegurar la integridad financiera y la mudanza para el régimen de competencia puede tornar las NICSPs más útiles en la reforma de la contabilidad pública en países en vías de desarrollo.

Focused-ion-beam-fabricated Au nanorods coupled with Ag nanoparticles used as surface-enhanced Raman scattering-active substrate for analyzing trace melamine constituents in solution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sivashanmugan, Kundan; Liao, Jiunn-Der; Liu, Bernard Haochih; Yao, Chih-Kai

2013-01-01

Graphical abstract: -- Highlights: •Well-ordered Au-nanorod array with a controlled tip ring diameter (Au N Rs d ) is made by focused ion beam. •Au N Rs d coupled with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs/Au N Rs d ) is competent to sense target molecules in a solution. •Ag NPs/Au N Rs d SERS active substrate can detect a single molecule of crystal violet. •Ag NPs/Au N Rs d as a SERS-active substrate can distinguish melamine contaminants at low concentrations (e.g., 10 −12 M). -- Abstract: A well-ordered Au-nanorod array with a controlled tip ring diameter (Au N Rs d ) was fabricated using the focused ion beam method. Au N Rs d was then coupled with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to bridge the gaps among Au nanorods. The effect of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on Au N Rs d and Ag NPs/Au N Rs d was particularly verified using crystal violet (CV) as the molecular probe. Raman intensity obtained from a characteristic peak of CV on Au N Rs d was estimated by an enhancement factor of ≈10 7 in magnitude, which increased ≈10 12 in magnitude for that on Ag NPs/Au N Rs d . A highly SERS-active Ag NPs/Au N Rs d was furthermore applied for the detection of melamine (MEL) at very low concentrations. Raman-active peaks of MEL (10 −3 to 10 −12 M) in water or milk solution upon Au N Rs d or Ag NPs/Au N Rs d were well distinguished. The peaks at 680 and 702 cm −1 for MEL molecules were found suitable to be used as the index for sensing low-concentration MEL in a varied solution, while that at 1051 cm −1 was practical to interpret MEL molecules in water or milk solution bonded with Au (i.e., Au N Rs d ) or Ag (i.e., Ag NPs/Au N Rs d ) surface. At the interface of Ag NPs/Au N Rs d and MEL molecules in milk solution, a laser-induced electromagnetic field or hotspot effect was produced and competent to sense low-concentration MEL molecules interacting with Ag and Au surfaces. Accordingly, Ag NPs/Au N Rs d is very promising to be used as a fast and sensitive tool for

Aliénor, une infante entre la Castille, l’Aragon et le Portugal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Maria S. A. RODRIGUES

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Aliénor (?-1445, fille de l’infant Ferdinand de Castille, est devenue infante d’Aragon par l’accession de son père à la couronne d’Aragon et princesse puis reine du Portugal par son mariage avec Édouard (1391-1438. Dans cette étude, nous essayons de démontrer qu’elle ne se contenta pas d’être un simple pion dans les jeux de pouvoir des hommes de ses deux familles – la famille d’origine et la famille d’alliance –, mais qu’elle y prit part activement sans pourtant manquer à ses obligations spécifiquement féminines. Elle mit au monde neuf enfants, garantissant ainsi la continuité dynastique et de fructueuses alliances avec d’autres monarchies, prodigua à son mari affection et conseils et assura la régence du royaume au nom de son fils, tout en gardant un contact étroit avec ses frères et les aidant le cas échéant. Elle fut pourtant déchue du pouvoir par ses beaux-frères. Abandonnée par les infants d’Aragon, elle mourut en exil dans un dénuement presque complet.Leonor (?-1445, hija del infante Fernando de Castilla, fue infanta de Aragón por la elevación de su padre a ese trono, princesa y luego reina de Portugal por su matrimonio con Eduardo (1391-1438. En este estudio, intentamos demostrar que ella no se contentó con ser un simple peón en los juegos de poder de los hombres de sus dos familias – la familia de origen y la familia de alianza – sino que participó en ellos activamente sin por eso faltar a sus deberes específicamente femeninos. Tuvo nueve hijos, garantizando así la continuidad dinástica y fructuosas alianzas con otras monarquías, prodigó a su marido afecto y consejos, y aseguró la regencia del reino en nombre de su hijo, guardando al mismo tiempo un contacto estrecho con sus hermanos y ayudándoles en caso de necesidad. Sin embargo fue descartada del poder por sus cuñados. Abandonada por los infantes de Aragón, murió en exilio en la más extrema necesidad.

Measurement of hepatic blood flow in the unanesthetized rabbit using 198Au and 125I rose bengal clearance technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balabaud, C.; Roche, M.-C.; Dangoumau, Jacques

1975-01-01

Hepatic blood flow was measured in the unanesthetized rabbit using the clearance technique of 198 Au and 125 I RB. The values are: 71.82+-16.24ml.min -1 .kg -1 for 198 Au, and 60.21+-9.94ml.min -1 .kg -1 for 125 I RB (P 198 Au [fr

Au nanoparticles attached carbon nanotubes as a high performance active element in field effect transistor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Myeongsoon; Kim, Don

2016-01-01

The Au nanoparticles attached carbon nanotubes (Au-CNTs), diameter ranged from 40 to 250 nm, were prepared and discussed their chemical and electrical properties. The shape and crystallinity of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) phase depended main2ly on the diameter of CNTs (r_A_u_-_C_N_T). Highly crystalline, straight CNTs were observed when the r_A_u_-_C_N_T exceeded 80 nm, and less crystalline noodle-shaped CNTs were observed when the r_A_u_-_C_N_T was smaller than 80 nm. The crystallinity of the CNT phase was confirmed by analyzing the G and D bands in their Raman spectra and the electrical conductivities of the Au-CNTs. The electrical conductivity of the highly crystalline carbon phase of Au-CNTs (r_A_u_-_C_N_T = 250 nm) was ∼10"4 S/cm. The back-gated field effect transistors (FETs) based on the Au-CNTs, which were assembled on a SiO_2/Si wafer using the dielectrophoresis technique, showed that the Au-CNTs would be a good functional electronic material for future electronic and sensing applications. The transconductance and hole mobility of the FETs, which were assembled with the highly crystalline Au-CNTs (r_A_u_-_C_N_T = 250 nm), reached to 3.6 × 10"−"4 A/V and 3.1 × 10"4 cm"2/V s, respectively. These values are in the middle of those of reported for single walled carbon nanotubes and graphene. However, we could not find any field effect in a CNTFET, which assembled without Au nanoparticles, through the same process. - Highlights: • The shape and crystallinity of the CNTs depended mainly on the diameter of CNTs. • The electrical conductivity of the highly crystalline Au-CNTs was ∼10"4 S/cm. • The Au-CNT FET shows typical p-channel gate effect with the on/off ratio of ∼10"4. • The Au-CNT FET shows very high transconductance (g_m) and carrier mobility (μ_h).

Excitation functions for 197Au (d, p)198Au, 197Au(d, 2n)197mHg, 197Au(d, 2n)197Hg and 197Au(d, p2n)196Au

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Long Xianguan; Peng Xiufeng; He Fuqing

1987-01-01

By using activation method and stack-foil technique, the excitation functions for d + 197 Au reaction in 6.6-13.1 MeV energy range are measured. The measured values are compared with previous results and theoretical calculations

Identified hadron transverse momentum spectra in Au+Au collisions at sNN=62.4 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Ballintijn, M.; Barton, D. S.; Betts, R. R.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Chai, Z.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; Gburek, T.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Hauer, M.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Khan, N.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Lin, W. T.; Manly, S.; Mignerey, A. C.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Reed, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Sagerer, J.; Seals, H.; Sedykh, I.; Smith, C. E.; Stankiewicz, M. A.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sukhanov, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; Nieuwenhuizen, G. J. Van; Vaurynovich, S. S.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Wenger, E.; Wolfs, F. L. H.; Wosiek, B.; Woźniak, K.; Wysłouch, B.

2007-02-01

Transverse momentum spectra of pions, kaons, protons, and antiprotons from Au+Au collisions at sNN = 62.4 GeV have been measured by the PHOBOS experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The identification of particles relies on three different methods: low momentum particles stopping in the first detector layers; the specific energy loss (dE/dx) in the silicon spectrometer, and time-of-flight measurement. These methods cover the transverse momentum ranges 0.03 0.2, 0.2 1.0, and 0.5 3.0 GeV/c, respectively. Baryons are found to have substantially harder transverse momentum spectra than mesons. The pT region in which the proton to pion ratio reaches unity in central Au+Au collisions at sNN = 62.4 GeV fits into a smooth trend as a function of collision energy. At low transverse mass, the spectra of various species exhibit a significant deviation from transverse mass scaling. The observed particle yields at very low pT are comparable to extrapolations from higher pT for kaons, protons and antiprotons. By comparing our results to Au+Au collisions at sNN = 200 GeV, we conclude that the net proton yield at midrapidity is proportional to the number of participant nucleons in the collision.

Au Sub-Nanoclusters on TiO2 toward Highly Efficient and Selective Electrocatalyst for N2 Conversion to NH3 at Ambient Conditions.

Science.gov (United States)

Shi, Miao-Miao; Bao, Di; Wulan, Ba-Ri; Li, Yong-He; Zhang, Yue-Fei; Yan, Jun-Min; Jiang, Qing

2017-05-01

As the NN bond in N 2 is one of the strongest bonds in chemistry, the fixation of N 2 to ammonia is a kinetically complex and energetically challenging reaction and, up to now, its synthesis is still heavily relying on energy and capital intensive Haber-Bosch process (150-350 atm, 350-550 °C), wherein the input of H 2 and energy are largely derived from fossil fuels and thus result in large amount of CO 2 emission. In this paper, it is demonstrated that by using Au sub-nanoclusters (≈0.5 nm ) embedded on TiO 2 (Au loading is 1.542 wt%), the electrocatalytic N 2 reduction reaction (NRR) is indeed possible at ambient condition. Unexpectedly, NRR with very high and stable production yield (NH 3 : 21.4 µg h -1 mg -1 cat. , Faradaic efficiency: 8.11%) and good selectivity is achieved at -0.2 V versus RHE, which is much higher than that of the best results for N 2 fixation under ambient conditions, and even comparable to the yield and activation energy under high temperatures and/or pressures. As isolated precious metal active centers dispersed onto oxide supports provide a well-defined system, the special structure of atomic Au cluster would promote other important reactions besides NRR for water splitting, fuel cells, and other electrochemical devices. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Synthesis of Au NP@MoS2 Quantum Dots Core@Shell Nanocomposites for SERS Bio-Analysis and Label-Free Bio-Imaging

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xixi Fei

2017-06-01

Full Text Available In this work, we report a facile method using MoS2 quantum dots (QDs as reducers to directly react with HAuCl4 for the synthesis of Au nanoparticle@MoS2 quantum dots (Au NP@MoS2 QDs core@shell nanocomposites with an ultrathin shell of ca. 1 nm. The prepared Au NP@MoS2 QDs reveal high surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS performance regarding sensitivity as well as the satisfactory SERS reproducibility and stability. The limit of detection of the hybrids for crystal violet can reach 0.5 nM with a reasonable linear response range from 0.5 μM to 0.5 nM (R2 ≈ 0.974. Furthermore, the near-infrared SERS detection based on Au NP@MoS2 QDs in living cells is achieved with distinct Raman signals which are clearly assigned to the various cellular components. Meanwhile, the distinguishable SERS images are acquired from the 4T1 cells with the incubation of Au NP@MoS2 QDs. Consequently, the straightforward strategy of using Au NP@MoS2 QDs exhibits great potential as a superior SERS substrate for chemical and biological detection as well as bio-imaging.

EST Table: AU003879 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available AU003879 ws00697 11/12/09 n.h 10/09/28 39 %/206 aa ref|XP_001867321.1| partner of drosha... [Culex quinquefasciatus] gb|EDS44779.1| partner of drosha [Culex quinquefasciatus] 10/08/28 44 %/152 a

Décès - French version only

CERN Multimedia

2006-01-01

Nous avons le regret d'annoncer le décès de Monsieur Patrice PIERRE survenu le 26.12.2005. Monsieur Patrice PIERRE, né le 10.04.1952, travaillait au Département AB et était au CERN depuis le 01.12.1978. Le Directeur général a envoyé un message de condoléances à sa famille de la part du personnel du CERN. Affaires SocialesDépartement des Ressources Humaines. Patrice PIERRE nous a subitement quittés dans la nuit du 25 au 26 décembre 2005. Patrice, une personne discrète et calme, était très apprécié par tous ses collègues autant pour ses compétences techniques que pour sa personnalité. Il était toujours aimable, disponible, prêt à partager son expérience et savait maintenir un excellent contact avec ses collaborateurs. Patrice est arrivé au CERN comme dessinateur le 1er décembre 1978 dans le groupe responsable pour les Zones expérimentales Nord et Ouest. Il travaillait depuis lors sur les faisceaux secondaires du SPS, où il était impliqué dans les études des équipements mécan...

Influencia del fenómeno ENSO sobre la precipitación nival en el sector andino de Chile central durante el invierno

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1998-01-01

Full Text Available INFLUENCE DU PHÉNOMÈNE ENSO SUR LES PRÉCIPITATIONS NEIGEUSES DANS LE CENTRE DU CHILI ANDIN AU COURS DE L’HIVER AUSTRAL. On analyse l’influence du phénomène El Niño/Oscillation du Sud (ENSO sur les précipitations nivales dans les Andes du Chili central au cours de l’hiver. Pour cela, on a utilisé l’information obtenue sur des sites spécifiques (routes de neige situées entre 30° et 38° S et les anomalies de Température de Surface de la Mer (TSM du bloc Niño 3, comme indicateur de l’importance des événements chauds ou froids dans le Pacifique équatorial central. Au nord de 35°S, l’accumulation de neige tend à être supérieure à la normale quand l’anomalie moyenne de TSM dépasse +1°C au cours de la période mai-août. Dans ce même secteur, on enregistre une précipitation inférieure à la normale les hivers caractérisés par une anomalie de TSM inférieure à -0,5°C. Dans la zone située au sud de 35° S, l’influence du phénomène ENSO sur l’accumulation de neige n’est plus significative. Se analiza la influencia del fenómeno El Niño/Oscilación del Sur (ENSO sobre la precipitación nival en los Andes de Chile central durante el invierno. Para esto, se utiliza información de rutas de nieve localizadas entre 30° y 38° S, y de anomalías de temperatura superficial del mar (TSM en la región Niño 3 como un indicador de la magnitud de los eventos cálidos y fríos en el Pacífico ecuatorial central. En la región al norte de 35° S, la acumulación de nieve durante el invierno tiende a ser superior a lo normal cuando la magnitud de la anomalía media de TSM en el periodo mayo-agosto supera +1,0° C. En este mismo sector se verifica que durante los inviernos caracterizados por una anomalía de TSM inferior a -0,5° C, suele registrarse una precipitación nival inferior a lo normal. En el sector al sur de los 35° S, la influencia del fenómeno ENSO sobre la acumulación de nieve durante el invierno no es

PERSPECTIVAS DEL TRATAMIENTO ANAEROBIO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES DOMÉSTICAS EN PAÍSES EN DESARROLLO PERSPECTIVAS DO TRATAMENTO ANAERÓBIO DE ESGOTOS DOMÉSTICOS EM PAÍSES EM DESENVOLVIMENTO PERSPECTIVES OF ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia Torres

2012-12-01

Full Text Available En países con grandes problemas de saneamiento y pocos recursos, como los que están en vías de desarrollo, se requieren plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas -PTARD- apropiadas y sostenibles; dado que estos países se localizan en general en regiones de clima tropical y subtropical (temperaturas superiores a 20 °C, la digestión anaerobia es una tecnología clave que genera subproductos con valor agregado (bioenergía, nutrientes y agua para reúso. América Latina es la región con mayor número de PTARD anaerobias, siendo el reactor UASB el de mayor aplicación para el tratamiento del ARD; su implementación a escala tan grande como la de la PTARD Onça (Belo Horizonte, Brasil demuestra que es una tecnología consolidada, con eficiencias de reducción entre 65 % y 80 % de DQO y TRH entre 6 y 10 horas. Sin embargo, es necesario continuar avanzando en el mejoramiento y perfeccionamiento de los actuales métodos de tratamiento que permitan soluciones tecnológicas respetuosas con el ambiente y adecuadas a las condiciones socioeconómicas y culturales propias de cada región. Este documento plantea un análisis y reflexión sobre el tratamiento anaerobio de ARD en países en desarrollo y sobre las perspectivas de aplicación en pequeña y gran escala.Em países com grandes problemas de saneamento e poucos recursos como os países que estão em desenvolvimento, se requerem estações de tratamento de esgotos -ETE- apropriadas e sustentáveis; dado que estes países localizam-se em geral em regiões de clima tropical e subtropical (temperaturas superiores a 20 °C, a digestão anaeróbia é uma tecnologia chave que gera subprodutos com valor agregado (bioenergia, nutrientes e água para reuso. América Latina é a região com maior número de ETE anaeróbias, sendo o reator UASB o de maior aplicação para o tratamento de esgotos domésticos; sua implementação em escala tão grande como a da ETE Onça (Belo Horizonte, Brasil

Le sans fil, un outil de gestion des ressources au Mozambique ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

3 févr. 2011 ... ... nouvelle réserve naturelle de la province septentrionale de Niassa. Heureusement, son téléphone sans fil à haute fréquence lui a permis d'appeler sa station de base à l'aide. Malgré la distance, ses collègues ont pu lui porter secours en demandant à une pourvoirie d'envoyer un petit avion le cueillir.

Job Pressure and SES-contingent Buffering: Resource Reinforcement, Substitution, or the Stress of Higher Status?

Science.gov (United States)

Koltai, Jonathan; Schieman, Scott

2015-06-01

Analyses of the 2008 National Study of the Changing Workforce demonstrate that job pressure is associated with greater anxiety and job dissatisfaction. In this paper we ask, What conditions protect workers? The conventional buffering hypothesis in the Job-Demands Resource (JD-R) model predicts that job resources should attenuate the relationship. We test whether the conventional buffering hypothesis depends on socioeconomic status (SES). Support for conventional buffering is evident only for job dissatisfaction--and that generalizes across SES. When anxiety is assessed, however, we observe an SES contingency: Job resources attenuate the positive association between job pressure and anxiety among workers with lower SES, but exacerbate it among those with higher SES. We discuss the implications of this SES-contingent pattern for theoretical scenarios about "resource reinforcement," "resource substitution," and the "stress of higher status." Future research should consider SES indicators as potential contingencies in the relationship between job conditions and mental health. © American Sociological Association 2015.

77 FR 62211 - Senior Executive Services (SES) Performance Review Board: Update

Science.gov (United States)

2012-10-12

... AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Senior Executive Services (SES) Performance Review Board... International Development, Office of Inspector General's Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board... Performance Review Boards. The board shall review and evaluate the initial appraisal of each USAID OIG senior...

Amperometric Immunosensor for Carbofuran Detection Based on MWCNTs/GS-PEI-Au and AuNPs-Antibody Conjugate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xiangyou Wang

2013-04-01

Full Text Available In this paper, an amperometric immunosensor for the detection of carbofuran was developed. Firstly, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs and graphene sheets-ethyleneimine polymer-Au (GS-PEI-Au nanocomposites were modified onto the surface of a glass carbon electrode (GCE via self-assembly. The nanocomposites can increase the surface area of the GCE to capture a large amount of antibody, as well as produce a synergistic effect in the electrochemical performance. Then the modified electrode was coated with gold nanoparticles-antibody conjugate (AuNPs-Ab and blocked with BSA. The monoclonal antibody against carbofuran was covalently immobilized on the AuNPs with glutathione as a spacer arm. The morphologies of the GS-PEI-Au nanocomposites and the fabrication process of the immunosensor were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the immunosensor showed a wide linear range, from 0.5 to 500 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 0.03 ng/mL (S/N = 3. The as-constructed immunosensor exhibited notable performance features such as high specificity, good reproducibility, acceptable stability and regeneration performance. The results are mainly due to the excellent properties of MWCNTs, GS-PEI-Au nanocomposites and the covalent immobilization of Ab with free hapten binding sites for further immunoreaction. It provides a new avenue for amperometric immunosensor fabrication.

La difusión de información financiera gubernamental en los países del Mercosur: su armonización a través de la aplicación de las IPSASs de la IFAC

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Caba Pérez

2003-12-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años, numerosos países del ámbito iberoamericano están realizando reformas en sus sistemas de información contable pública, con la intención de mejorarlos. Aunque los cambios que se operan, por lo general, toman como punto de referencia la base de devengo, se siguen encontrando bastantes discrepancias en sus prácticas contables. No obstante, esta situación podría modificarse, ya que por primera vez un organismo internacional como es la Federación Internacional de Contadores (IFAC ha emitido una serie oficial de normas para la elaboración de informes financieros de entidades públicas que, en el caso de ser adoptadas, podrían contribuir activamente a la armonización contable. En este contexto, el objetivo de nuestro trabajo es llevar a cabo una comparación entre las prácticas de presentación de la información financiera recomendadas por las IPSAS de la IFAC y las que muestran las Cuentas Generales gubernamentales de los países del Mercosur, para así medir el grado de adaptación que sería necesario en cada una de ellas si se pretendiese lograr una armonización, tomando como referencia dicho modelo, en la difusión de la información financiera pública de estos países.In recent years, numerous Latin-American countries have been carrying out reforms in their public accounting systems with a view to improving the information that guides the decision-making process. However, bearing in mind that, in general terms, the accounting systems adopt the accrual basis, there still exist differences in accounting practices. Nevertheless, this situation could be modified since, for the first time, an international agency, which is the case of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC, has issued official standards for the financial elaboration of public entities' reports which, if adopted, could actively contribute to accounting harmonization. In this context, the objective of our article is to compare the

La Nuit des Chercheurs au CERN / Researchers' Night at CERN

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva; Pohl, Martin; Paniccia, Mercedes

2017-01-01

Vendredi 29 septembre 2017 de 17h à 23h Entrée libre - pas d'inscription nécessaire. Depuis maintenant 8 ans, le Laboratoire ouvre ses portes en soirée au grand public, à l’occasion de cette fête scientifique. C’est un plaisir d’accueillir tous ces curieux et de partager les découvertes de la science, toutes plus étonnantes les unes que les autres. L’invention du Web en est une particulièrement intégrée au quotidien, mais il y en a tellement d’autres ! Venez découvrir cette science insoupçonnée et en prendre plein les yeux ! Le programme est prêt ! Nous sommes ravis de vous présenter toutes les activités que nous avons prévues pour vous, scientifiques en herbe, novices ou aficionados de tout âge . Il y aura même une surprise pour les 400 premiers visiteurs ! Activités sur le site du CERN Activités en ligne (Facebook Live) Nous avons hâte de vous accueillir !     ...

PROPAGACIÓN IN VITRO DE PAEONIA SP.

OpenAIRE

Lezcano, Yarianne; Escalona, Maritza; Daquinta, Marcos

2010-01-01

Las especies de Paeonia son consideradas como ornamentales perennes que se cultivan más en los países templados y fríos del hemisferio boreal. Con el objetivo de aumentar los coeficientes de multiplicación in vitro de esta especie de planta ornamental, se evaluaron en las variedades CoLo, Bartzella, GoBa y JuRo diferentes tipos de citoquininas (BA, Met y MetoxiMet) y concentraciones de citoquininas (0, 2,22, 4,44 y 6,66 μmol l-1), así como la influencia de la formulación salina (Lepoivre y MS...

Ambiente institucional e compra de terras por estrangeiros em países em desenvolvimento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leandro Simões Pongeluppe

2014-03-01

Full Text Available De acordo com o Banco Mundial, desde o final dos anos 2000 o movimento de aquisição de terras por estrangeiros tem se acentuado nos países em desenvolvimento, impulsionado pelo boom dos preços das commodities. Em termos teóricos, a abordagem da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI argumenta que as instituições são importantes para as estratégias dos agentes econômicos e seu desempenho. Neste estudo, apoiado na NEI, pretende-se responder como as instituições presentes em países periféricos refletem o processo de aquisições de terras por investidores estrangeiros. Para esse objetivo, foram utilizados dados secundários de organizações internacionais, como Food and Agriculture Organization, Banco Mundial, Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Comércio e Desenvolvimento, Fundo Monetário Internacional, Organização para a Cooperação Econômica e Desenvolvimento Econômico, Wall Street Journal e agências nacionais. A hipótese principal é que a força ou a fraqueza presente no ambiente institucional em países em desenvolvimento tem influência relevante no nível de Investimento Estrangeiro Direto (IED. Para testar a hipótese, adota-se como metodologia a análise estatística, na qual se verifica a relação entre o nível de IED nos países receptores (variável dependente contra variáveis independentes: liberdade de investimento, direitos de propriedade e nível de corrupção. Espera-se?que os pa?ses com?ambientes institucionais independentes: liberdade de investimento, direitos de propriedade e nível de corrupção. Espera-se que os países com ambientes institucionais fracos, ou menos seguros, tendam a receber menores investimentos em compra de terras e arrendamentos do que outros países que têm estrutura institucional que garanta os direitos de propriedade.

75 FR 6729 - Senior Executive Service (SES) Performance Review Board; Members

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-10

... NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Senior Executive Service (SES) Performance Review... Performance Review Boards. The Board shall review the initial appraisal of a senior executive's performance by... senior executive performance. The members of the Performance Review Board for the National Archives and...

Focused-ion-beam-fabricated Au nanorods coupled with Ag nanoparticles used as surface-enhanced Raman scattering-active substrate for analyzing trace melamine constituents in solution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sivashanmugan, Kundan [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan (China); Liao, Jiunn-Der, E-mail: jdliao@mail.ncku.edu.tw [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan (China); Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan (China); Liu, Bernard Haochih; Yao, Chih-Kai [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan (China)

2013-10-24

Graphical abstract: -- Highlights: •Well-ordered Au-nanorod array with a controlled tip ring diameter (Au{sub N}Rs{sub d}) is made by focused ion beam. •Au{sub N}Rs{sub d} coupled with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs/Au{sub N}Rs{sub d}) is competent to sense target molecules in a solution. •Ag NPs/Au{sub N}Rs{sub d} SERS active substrate can detect a single molecule of crystal violet. •Ag NPs/Au{sub N}Rs{sub d} as a SERS-active substrate can distinguish melamine contaminants at low concentrations (e.g., 10{sup −12} M). -- Abstract: A well-ordered Au-nanorod array with a controlled tip ring diameter (Au{sub N}Rs{sub d}) was fabricated using the focused ion beam method. Au{sub N}Rs{sub d} was then coupled with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to bridge the gaps among Au nanorods. The effect of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on Au{sub N}Rs{sub d} and Ag NPs/Au{sub N}Rs{sub d} was particularly verified using crystal violet (CV) as the molecular probe. Raman intensity obtained from a characteristic peak of CV on Au{sub N}Rs{sub d} was estimated by an enhancement factor of ≈10{sup 7} in magnitude, which increased ≈10{sup 12} in magnitude for that on Ag NPs/Au{sub N}Rs{sub d}. A highly SERS-active Ag NPs/Au{sub N}Rs{sub d} was furthermore applied for the detection of melamine (MEL) at very low concentrations. Raman-active peaks of MEL (10{sup −3} to 10{sup −12} M) in water or milk solution upon Au{sub N}Rs{sub d} or Ag NPs/Au{sub N}Rs{sub d} were well distinguished. The peaks at 680 and 702 cm{sup −1} for MEL molecules were found suitable to be used as the index for sensing low-concentration MEL in a varied solution, while that at 1051 cm{sup −1} was practical to interpret MEL molecules in water or milk solution bonded with Au (i.e., Au{sub N}Rs{sub d}) or Ag (i.e., Ag NPs/Au{sub N}Rs{sub d}) surface. At the interface of Ag NPs/Au{sub N}Rs{sub d} and MEL molecules in milk solution, a laser-induced electromagnetic field or hotspot effect was produced and

Authoritarian parenting attitudes and social origin: The multigenerational relationship of socioeconomic position to childrearing values.

Science.gov (United States)

Friedson, Michael

2016-01-01

Support for authoritarian approaches to parenting, including corporal punishment, is known to be elevated among individuals with low current levels of socioeconomic attainment. The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine whether authoritarian parenting dispositions are related to disadvantages in one's social background, in addition to one's present socioeconomic standing; and (2) to distinguish, in this regard, between support for spanking and other authoritarian parenting dispositions. Ordered logit models, applied to General Social Survey data concerning a nationally representative sample of US adults, are used to examine relationships of authoritarian parenting dispositions to the socioeconomic positions that respondents currently occupy and in which they were raised. It is found that support for spanking (N=10,725) and valuing of obedience (N=10,043) are inversely related to the socioeconomic status (SES) of one's family of origin, and that these associations are robust to controls for one's current SES. A disadvantaged family background is found to increase support for spanking most among those with high current SES. Strong associations (robust to controls for SES indicators) are additionally found between African-American racial identity and support for authoritarian parenting. Prior research indicates that authoritarian parenting practices such as spanking may be harmful to children. Thus, if the parenting attitudes analyzed here translate into parenting practices, then this study's findings may point to a mechanism for the intergenerational transmission of disadvantages. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Temperature dependent diffusion and epitaxial behavior of oxidized Au/Ni/p-GaN ohmic contact

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu, C.Y.; Qin, Z.X.; Feng, Z.X.; Chen, Z.Z.; Ding, Z.B.; Yang, Z.J.; Yu, T.J.; Hu, X.D.; Yao, S.D.; Zhang, G.Y.

2006-01-01

The temperature dependent diffusion and epitaxial behavior of oxidized Au/Ni/p-GaN ohmic contact were studied with Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy/channeling (RBS/C) and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD). It is found that the Au diffuses to the surface of p-GaN to form an epitaxial structure on p-GaN after annealing at 450 deg. C. At the same time, the O diffuses to the metal-semiconductor interface and forms NiO. Both of them are suggested to be responsible for the sharp decrease in the specific contact resistance (ρ c ) at 450 deg. C. At 500 deg. C, the epitaxial structure of Au develops further and the O also diffuses deeper into the interface. As a result, the ρ c reaches the lowest value at this temperature. However, when annealing temperature reaches 600 deg. C, part or all of the interfacial NiO is detached from the p-GaN and diffuses out, which cause the ρ c to increase greatly

46 CFR 42.05-10 - Assigning authority.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 42.05-10 Assigning authority. This term means the “American Bureau of Shipping” or such other recognized classification society which the Commandant may approve as...

Observation of Au + Au → Au + Au + ρ0 and Au + Au → Au* + Au* + ρ0 with STAR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spencer, K.

2002-01-01

First observation of the reactions Au + Au → Au + Au + ρ 0 and Au + Au → Au* + Au* + ρ 0 with the STAR detector are reported. The ρ are produced at small perpendicular momentum, as expected if they couple coherently to both nuclei. Models of vector meson production and the correlation with nuclear breakup are discussed, as well as a fundamental test of quantum mechanics that is possible with the system. (author)

Au-TiO2/Chit modified sensor for electrochemical detection of trace organophosphates insecticides.

Science.gov (United States)

Qu, Yunhe; Min, Hong; Wei, Yinyin; Xiao, Fei; Shi, Guoyue; Li, Xiaohua; Jin, Litong

2008-08-15

In this paper, Au-TiO2/Chit modified electrode was prepared with Au-TiO2 nanocomposite (Au-TiO2) and Chitosan (Chit) as a conjunct. The Au-TiO2 nanocomposite and the films were characterized by electrochemical and spectroscopy methods. A set of experimental conditions was also optimized for the film's fabrication. The electrochemical and electrocatalytic behaviors of Au-TiO2/Chit modified electrode to trace organophosphates (OPs) insecticides such as parathion were discussed in this work. By differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurement, the current responses of Au-TiO2/Chit modified electrode were linear with parathion concentration ranging from 1.0 ng/ml to 7.0 x 10(3)ng/ml with the detection limit of 0.5 ng/ml. In order to evaluate the performance of the detection system, we also examined the real samples successfully in this work. It exhibited a sensitive, rapid and easy-to-use method for the fast determination of trace OPs insecticides.

Factores socio-económicos asociados a la percepción de situación socioeconómica entre adultos mayores de dos países latinoamericanos

Science.gov (United States)

Brenes-Camacho, Gilbert

2014-01-01

El objetivo principal del artículo es estudiar la asociación entre la percepción subjetiva sobre la situación económica propia y una serie de medidas objetivas de bienestar socioeconómico –fuentes de ingresos, tenencia de vivienda, nivel educativo y transferencias familiares informales de dinero- entre adultos mayores de dos países Latinoamericanos: México y Costa Rica. Los datos se obtienen de las primeras rondas de dos encuestas sobre envejecimiento: CRELES para Costa Rica y ENASEM para México. La variable dependiente más importante se obtiene de las respuestas a las pregunta “¿Cómo califica su situación económica actual?” en Costa Rica y “¿Diría usted que su situación económica es…?” en México. Para ambas encuestas, las respuestas se codificaron en forma binaria; el código 0 representa las categorías Excelente, Muy buena y Buena, y el código 1 representa a las categorías Regular y Mala. Se encontró que el ingreso por jubilación es un importante determinante de la percepción de bienestar en ambos países. En Costa Rica, el ingreso del cónyuge y la tenencia de vivienda son importantes predictores de la percepción de bienestar, mientras que en México, los ingresos por transferencias están fuertemente asociados con dicha percepción. PMID:25360057

Simultaneous AuIII Extraction and In Situ Formation of Polymeric Membrane-Supported Au Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Process with Application in Catalysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Mora-Tamez, Lucía; Esquivel-Peña, Vicente; Ocampo, Ana L; Rodríguez de San Miguel, Eduardo; Grande, Daniel; de Gyves, Josefina

2017-04-10

A polymeric membrane-supported catalyst with immobilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was prepared through the extraction and in situ reduction of Au III salts in a one-step strategy. Polymeric inclusion membranes (PIMs) and polymeric nanoporous membranes (PNMs) were tested as different membrane-support systems. Transport experiments indicated that PIMs composed of cellulose triacetate, 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether, and an aliphatic tertiary amine (Adogen 364 or Alamine 336) were the most efficient supports for Au III extraction. The simultaneous extraction and reduction processes were proven to be the result of a synergic phenomenon in which all the membrane components were involved. Scanning electron microscopy characterization of cross-sectional samples suggested a distribution of AuNPs throughout the membrane. Transmission electron microscopy characterization of the AuNPs indicated average particle sizes of 36.7 and 2.9 nm for the PIMs and PNMs, respectively. AuNPs supported on PIMs allowed for >95.4 % reduction of a 0.05 mmol L -1 4-nitrophenol aqueous solution with 10 mmol L -1 NaBH 4 solution within 25 min. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Carbon monoxide oxidation on a Au(111 surface modified by spontaneously deposited Ru

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ROLF-JÜRGEN BEHM

2001-04-01

Full Text Available The spontaneous deposition of Ru on Au(111 was performed in 10-3 M RuCl3 + 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The obtained surface was characterized by STM under potential control in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The coverage of the Au(111 terraces by deposited Ru was estimated by STM to be 0.02 ML. Step decoration could be noticed in the STM images, which indicates that the steps, as lined defects, are active sites for the nucleation of Ru monolayer islands, while the random distribution of Ru nuclei, observed on the terraces indicates point defects as active sites. The electrocatalytic activity of Au(111 surface modified by spontaneously deposited Ru was studied towards CO oxidation. The significant enhancement in the reaction rate compared to CO oxidation on a pure Au(111 surface, indicated that the edges of the deposited Ru islands were the active sites for the reaction.

Investigation of reordered (001) Au surfaces by positive ion channeling spectroscopy, LEED and AES

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Appleton, B.R.; Noggle, T.S.; Miller, J.W.; Schow, O.E. III; Zehner, D.M.; Jenkins, L.H.; Barrett, J.H.

1974-01-01

As a consequence of the channeling phenomenon of positive ions in single crystals, the yield of ions Rutherford scattered from an oriented single crystal surface is dependent on the density of surface atoms exposed to the incident ion beam. Thus, the positive ion channeling spectroscopy (PICS) technique should provide a useful tool for studying reordered surfaces. This possibility was explored by examining the surfaces of epitaxially grown thin Au single crystals with the combined techniques of LEED-AES and PICS. The LEED and AES investigations showed that when the (001) surface was sputter cleaned in ultra-high vacuum, the normal (1 x 1) symmetry of the (001) surfaces reordered into a structure which gave a complex (5 x 20) LEED pattern. The yield and energy distributions of 1 MeV He ions scattered from the Au surfaces were used to determine the number of effective monolayers contributing to the normal and reordered surfaces. These combined measurements were used to characterize the nature of the reordered surface. The general applicability of the PICS technique for investigations of surface and near surface regions is discussed

Recomendaciones de la Rilem para el hormigonado en invierno. Boletín Rilem, n. 21, diciembre 1963

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Editorial, Equipo

1965-12-01

Full Text Available Not availableLas presentes recomendaciones son alusivas al hormigonado en tiempo frío, es decir, a temperaturas por debajo de 5 °C, y se refieren a las construcciones en hormigón armado normales. Tratan principalmente de problemas que están relacionados con el hormigonado en invierno, en particular suponiendo que se observan las reglas necesarias para obtener un hormigón de calidad a temperatura normal. Las recomendaciones son de carácter general y deben considerarse como la base para el establecimiento de especificaciones detalladas para el hormigonado en invierno en diferentes países, de acuerdo con las normas nacionales y otras especificaciones.

Nucleon-gold collisions at 200 A GeV using tagged d + Au interactions in the PHOBOS detector

Science.gov (United States)

Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Ballintijn, M.; Barton, D. S.; Becker, B.; Betts, R. R.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; Gburek, T.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gushue, S.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Harrington, A. S.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Khan, N.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Lee, J. W.; Lin, W. T.; Manly, S.; Mignerey, A. C.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Park, I. C.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Sagerer, J.; Sarin, P.; Sedykh, I.; Skulski, W.; Smith, C. E.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sukhanov, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Wolfs, F. L. H.; Wosiek, B.; Woźniak, K.; Wysłouch, B.; Zhang, J.; Phobos Collaboration

2015-09-01

Forward calorimetry in the PHOBOS detector has been used to study charged hadron production in d +Au , p +Au , and n +Au collisions at √{sN N}=200 GeV . The forward proton calorimeter detectors are described and a procedure for determining collision centrality with these detectors is detailed. The deposition of energy by deuteron spectator nucleons in the forward calorimeters is used to identify p +Au and n +Au collisions in the data. A weighted combination of the yield of p +Au and n +Au is constructed to build a reference for Au +Au collisions that better matches the isospin composition of the gold nucleus. The pT and centrality dependence of the yield of this improved reference system is found to match that of d +Au . The shape of the charged-particle transverse momentum distribution is observed to extrapolate smoothly from p +p ¯ to central d +Au as a function of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density. The asymmetry of positively and negatively charged hadron production in p +Au is compared to that of n +Au . No significant asymmetry is observed at midrapidity. These studies augment recent results from experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider facilities to give a more complete description of particle production in p +A and d +A collisions, essential for the understanding the medium produced in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions.

Du bon maniement de l’argent du roi en Espagne au XVIIIe siècle. Les enseignements d’un procès pour fraude

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Anne Dubet

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Pour nombre d’historiens – dont je fais partie – les réformes financières entreprises par les premiers Bourbons d’Espagne au XVIIIe siècle n’affectent pas tant l’organisation fiscale de leurs territoires que leur administration. Avant que de modifier la répartition sociale des contributions, il s’agit de rendre au roi et à ses ministres de confiance la décision en matière de dépenses et de s’assurer de son exécution. Ce projet de contrôle accru du roi sur ses propres deniers se traduit certes...

Stress-Strain Analysis in TiN Nanocoating Deposited on Polymer with respect to Au Nanointerlayer

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Magdalena Kopernik

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The multiscale analysis in the authors’ finite element code confirmed possibility of fracture, because of not sufficiently high level of compressive residual stress in the TiN deposited by physical deposition method and varied mechanical properties of the thin film and substrate. The residual stress cannot be identified by X-ray technique for amorphous polymer and layer with domains of crystalline TiN. It is assumed that the buffer biocompatible thin film of Au in the TiN/Bionate II material system will alter the evolution of residual stress and, therefore, will allow to determine the residual stress in profilometry studies, and helps to improve toughness of the connection between TiN and Bionate II. The introduction of Au nanocoating in the material system results in bending of the sample and a compressive residual stress in the TiN coating. Results of finite element simulation show improvement of connection between the polymer and TiN, and an increase of compressive residual stress in the coating by introduction of Au nanointerlayer results in reduction of stress and strain in the substrate (close to the boundary between substrate and coating.

México y los países de industrialización reciente en el mercado norteamericano, 1985-2000

OpenAIRE

López G., Julio; Cruz M., José N.; de Jesús R., Verónica

2005-01-01

El desempeño reciente de México y China como exportadores de manufacturas al mercado de América del Norte es el objeto de análisis de este artículo. Su evolución se contrasta con la correspondiente a otras economías en desarrollo que de manera conjunta aportan la mayor parte de las exportaciones totales, incluso las manufactureras, que actualmente genera el mundo en desarrollo. El aumento de la participación de casi todos los países de la muestra en aquel mercado se explica principalmente por...

Oportunidades comerciales para productores y exportadores colombianos de mangostanes y mangos en los Países Bajos a partir del Tratado de Libre Comercio con la Unión Europea

OpenAIRE

Pardo Ibáñez, Sara Valentina; Picón Villamil, Yussi Andrea; Sassón Beltrán, Melissa

2016-01-01

El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó con el propósito de esclarecer y brindarle información pertinente y actualizada a los productores nacionales de frutas exóticas como el mango y el mangostán, acerca de las oportunidades comerciales que estos poseen con países pertenecientes a la Unión Europea (UE), debido al creciente consumo de frutas en estos países y al acuerdo comercial vigente que posee Colombia y la UE. Con el fin de que el sector agrícola crezca y pueda establecerse en me...

Investigation of series resistance and surface states in Au/n - GaP structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kiymaz, A.; Onal, B.; Ozer, M.; Acar, S.

2009-01-01

The variation in series resistance and surface state density of Au/n - GaP Schottky diodes have been systematically investigated at room temperature by using capacitance-voltage C-V and conductance-voltage G/w-V measurements techniques. The C-V and G/w-V characteristics of these devices were investigated by considering series resistance effects in a wide frequency range. It is shown that the capacitance of the Au/n - GaP Schottky diode decreases with increasing frequency. It is assumed that the surface states were responsible for this behaviour. The distribution profile of Rs-V gives a peak in the depletion region at low frequencies and disappears with increasing frequencies

78 FR 44275 - Semiannual Regulatory Agenda

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-23

... Rights. National Park Service--Completed Actions Regulation Sequence No. Title Identifier No. 200 Winter.... Timetable: Action Date FR Cite NPRM 07/00/13 Final Action 05/00/14 Regulatory Flexibility Analysis Required...: Action Date FR Cite NPRM 10/00/14 Final Action 10/00/14 Regulatory Flexibility Analysis Required: Yes...

Report of TOF for 900 MeV/n Au ions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Crawford, H J; Flores, I; Lindstrom, P J; Krebs, G

1986-04-15

We describe a measurement of the time of flight over an 18.5 m path of 900 MeV/n Au ions from the LBL Bevalac. We used two small scintillators viewed by XP2972 photomultiplier tubes without any light guides. The large light output allowed us to attain a resolution of 58 ps in the flight time and an energy resolution of 3 MeV/n. The system is being used in energy loss and machine performance studies.

Las dinámicas de comercialización de la quinua en los países andinos: ¿qué oportunidades y retos para la agricultura familiar campesina?

OpenAIRE

Baudoin, Andrea; Lacroix, Pierril; Bazile, Didier; Chia, Eduardo

2014-01-01

La revalorización de la quinua despierta muchos intereses tanto en los países andinos como europeos y americanos. Este producto andino antes marginado y circunscrito al autoconsumo ha entrado en la dieta de la población urbana de los países andinos y su consumo se difunde en EEUU, Europa y en otras partes del mundo. En los Andes los precios en chacra aumentan y el sector quinuero ha pasado a ser un sector atractivo para las inversiones. De esta chenopodiácea se está comercializando una gran v...

Semipolar MOVPE AlGaN on (10 anti 10) m-plane sapphire; MOVPE von semipolarem AlGaN auf (10 anti 10) m-plane Saphir

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mehnke, Frank; Stellmach, Joachim; Frentrup, Martin; Kusch, Gunnar; Wernicke, Tim; Pristovsek, Markus; Kneissl, Michael [Technische Universitaet Berlin, Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin (Germany)

2011-07-01

The energy gap of AlGaN varies between 3.4 eV and 6.2 eV and allows light emitting diodes (LED) in the ultraviolet spectral region. The authors studied semipolar (11 anti 22) AlGaN layers that were deposited on (10 anti 10) m-plane sapphire using MOVPE (metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy) without nucleation layer with a substrate temperature below 1100 C in H2 atmosphere. The layers are preferably (11 anti 22) oriented. The sample show a surface roughness between 15 and 2 nm. The Al content of the smoothest samples is about 60% determined by transmission experiments. Below 60% Al content a triangular morphology was observed, the opening angle increased with decreasing Al content. The absorption edge was 0.05 eV (GaN) to 0.35 eV (AlN) below the band edge of (0001) oriented AlGaN layers. Further investigations of semipolar AlGaN layers to study the applicability for UV LEDs are under preparation.

Mathieu Briancourt, Visite au phalanstère, 1848

OpenAIRE

2017-01-01

Introduction par Florent Perrier Malgré plusieurs rééditions de sa Visite au Phalanstère, malgré sa traduction en allemand puis en anglais, avant 1850, rares sont les informations disponibles sur Mathieu Briancourt (1793-1882), ouvrier teinturier, sinon qu’il fut un inlassable propagateur du fouriérisme jusqu’aux années 1870, ne reniant jamais ses engagements premiers auxquels il consacra plusieurs ouvrages fameux, dont L’Organisation du travail et l’Association. Reprenant un mode de descript...

Les métamorphoses du marketing urbain.

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Marc Dumont

2006-02-01

Full Text Available Si le marketing urbain n’est pas récent, il est important d’interroger les effets qu’a pu ou non avoir l’irruption du numérique sur ce phénomène, tant au niveau de ses modalités, de ses modes de structurations, que des problématiques de la production de la ville dans lesquelles il s’inscrit. L’intérêt d’évoquer cette question à partir d’un site internet développé exclusivement pour un quartier tertiaire émargeant à deux projets urbains importants, Euronantes.fr, ...

External electric field effects on Schottky barrier at Gd3N@C80/Au interface

Science.gov (United States)

Onishi, Koichi; Nakashima, Fumihiro; Jin, Ge; Eto, Daichi; Hattori, Hayami; Miyoshi, Noriko; Kirimoto, Kenta; Sun, Yong

2017-08-01

The effects of the external electric field on the height of the Schottky barrier at the Gd3N@C80/Au interface were studied by measuring current-voltage characteristics at various temperatures from 200 K to 450 K. The Gd3N@C80 sample with the conduction/forbidden/valence energy band structure had a face-centered cubic crystal structure with the average grain size of several nanometers. The height of the Gd3N@C80/Au Schottky barrier was confirmed to be 400 meV at a low electric field at room temperature. Moreover, the height decreases with the increasing external electric field through a change of permittivity in the Gd3N@C80 sample due to a polarization of the [Gd3] 9 +-[N3 -+("separators="|C80 ) 6 -] dipoles in the Gd3N@C80 molecule. The field-dependence of the barrier height can be described using a power math function of the electric field strength. The results of the field-dependent barrier height indicate that the reduction in the Schottky barrier is due to an image force effect of the transport charge carrier at the Gd3N@C80/Au interface.

Perfiles motivacionales en estudiantes de educación física de tres países y su relación con la actividad física

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Evelia Franco

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los perfiles motivacionales de estudiantes de educación física, examinar su relación con la práctica de actividad física y la intención de ser físicamente activo, así como comprobar si dichos perfiles y sus relaciones con la práctica de actividad física y la intención de realizarla resultaban estables en los adolescentes de España, Colombia y Ecuador. La muestra del estudio estaba formada por 2670 estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 16 años (M = 14.30; DT = 1.66, pertenecientes a diferentes centros educativos de Madrid, Armenia y Cuenca. Los resultados señalaron la existencia de tres perfiles motivacionales: motivación baja-moderada, alta motivación-bajo ego y alta motivación. Además, el perfil de alta motivación mostró los mayores niveles de práctica de actividad física y de intención de realizarla en el futuro, seguido por el perfil de alta motivación-bajo ego y el de motivación baja-moderada. Tanto la caracterización de los perfiles como las asociaciones establecidas con las variables dependientes resultaron estables en las muestras de los tres países participantes. Como conclusión, el perfil de alta motivación mostró mayores niveles de actividad física y de intención de realizar actividad físico-deportiva en el futuro. Igualmente se observaron similitudes entre los adolescentes de los diferentes países.

Análisis de atracción de inversión extranjera a países de la Alianza del Pacífico

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José Roberto Concha

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación desarrolla un método para atraer inversión extranjera directa a países de la Alianza del Pacífico; el objetivo es identificar, a través de cruces estadísticos, empresas latinoamericanas con potencial de invertir en clústeres productivos de una región de la Alianza del Pacífico, para convertirla en una plataforma de transformación y distribución de bienes con destino final en otros mercados de la Alianza del Pacífico, aprovechando los beneficios arancelarios y las ventajas competitivas de esa región en el marco de dicho acuerdo. El análisis permite identificar seis empresas en Argentina, nueve en Brasil y catorce en Ecuador, con potencial de invertir en la región del Valle del Cauca en Colombia, en sectores como alimentos procesados, automotor, empaques y cuidado personal, entre otros.

Cupriphication of gold to sensitize d10–d10 metal–metal bonds and near-unity phosphorescence quantum yields

Science.gov (United States)

Galassi, Rossana; Ghimire, Mukunda M.; Otten, Brooke M.; Ricci, Simone; McDougald, Roy N.; Almotawa, Ruaa M.; Alhmoud, Dieaa; Ivy, Joshua F.; Rawashdeh, Abdel-Monem M.; Nesterov, Vladimir N.; Reinheimer, Eric W.; Daniels, Lee M.; Burini, Alfredo; Omary, Mohammad A.

2017-01-01

Outer-shell s0/p0 orbital mixing with d10 orbitals and symmetry reduction upon cupriphication of cyclic trinuclear trigonal-planar gold(I) complexes are found to sensitize ground-state Cu(I)–Au(I) covalent bonds and near-unity phosphorescence quantum yields. Heterobimetallic Au4Cu2 {[Au4(μ-C2,N3-EtIm)4Cu2(µ-3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2], (4a)}, Au2Cu {[Au2(μ-C2,N3-BzIm)2Cu(µ-3,5-(CF3)2Pz)], (1) and [Au2(μ-C2,N3-MeIm)2Cu(µ-3,5-(CF3)2Pz)], (3a)}, AuCu2 {[Au(μ-C2,N3-MeIm)Cu2(µ-3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2], (3b) and [Au(μ-C2,N3-EtIm)Cu2(µ-3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2], (4b)} and stacked Au3/Cu3 {[Au(μ-C2,N3-BzIm)]3[Cu(µ-3,5-(CF3)2Pz)]3, (2)} form upon reacting Au3 {[Au(μ-C2,N3-(N-R)Im)]3 ((N-R)Im = imidazolate; R = benzyl/methyl/ethyl = BzIm/MeIm/EtIm)} with Cu3 {[Cu(μ-3,5-(CF3)2Pz)]3 (3,5-(CF3)2Pz = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolate)}. The crystal structures of 1 and 3a reveal stair-step infinite chains whereby adjacent dimer-of-trimer units are noncovalently packed via two Au(I)⋯Cu(I) metallophilic interactions, whereas 4a exhibits a hexanuclear cluster structure wherein two monomer-of-trimer units are linked by a genuine d10–d10 polar-covalent bond with ligand-unassisted Cu(I)–Au(I) distances of 2.8750(8) Å each—the shortest such an intermolecular distance ever reported between any two d10 centers so as to deem it a “metal–metal bond” vis-à-vis “metallophilic interaction.” Density-functional calculations estimate 35–43 kcal/mol binding energy, akin to typical M–M single-bond energies. Congruently, FTIR spectra of 4a show multiple far-IR bands within 65–200 cm−1, assignable to vCu-Au as validated by both the Harvey–Gray method of crystallographic-distance-to-force-constant correlation and dispersive density functional theory computations. Notably, the heterobimetallic complexes herein exhibit photophysical properties that are favorable to those for their homometallic congeners, due to threefold-to-twofold symmetry reduction, resulting in cuprophilic

Percepción de la violencia escolar por parte de los familiares: un estudio comparativo en cuatro países europeos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Jesús Gázquez

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio descriptivo transversal tuvo como finalidad mostrar la opinión de las familias de cuatro países europeos (España, Austria, Hungría y República Checa a cerca de la prevalencia y el nivel de afectación de trece aspectos relacionados con la convivencia y violencia escolar. Los resultados indican que las familias consideran las peleas, los insultos y las malas palabras en clase como los aspectos más frecuentes en sus centros, y coinciden en señalar el uso o presencia de objetos de agresión y el consumo o presencia de drogas como conflictos menos frecuentes en los centros escolares. En cuanto a la repercusión personal, son los problemas relacionados con el profesorado, las peleas y las dificultades de convivencia intercultural los aspectos que más preocupan. Por países, es Hungría quien presenta tasas más bajas en este tipo de problemas, estando en el lado opuesto Austria y la República Checa y situándose España en un puesto intermedio; del mismo modo, son las familias húngaras quienes se muestran menos afectadas personalmente, destacando únicamente la preocupación de éstas por los problemas de convivencia intercultural.

75 FR 15611 - Safety Zone; United Portuguese SES Centennial Festa, San Diego Bay, San Diego, CA

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-30

...-AA00 Safety Zone; United Portuguese SES Centennial Festa, San Diego Bay, San Diego, CA AGENCY: Coast... navigable waters of the San Diego Bay in support of the United Portuguese SES Centennial Festa. This... Centennial Festa, which will include a fireworks presentation originating from a tug and barge combination in...

Report of TOF for 900 MeV/n Au ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Crawford, H.J.; Flores, I.; Lindstrom, P.J.; Krebs, G.

1986-01-01

We describe a measurement of the time of flight over an 18.5 m path of 900 MeV/n Au ions from the LBL Bevalac. We used two small scintillators viewed by XP2972 photomultiplier tubes without any light guides. The large light output allowed us to attain a resolution of 58 ps in the flight time and an energy resolution of 3 MeV/n. The system is being used in energy loss and machine performance studies. (orig.)

Report of TOF for 900 MeV/n Au ions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Crawford, H J; Flores, I; Lindstrom, P J; Krebs, G

1986-04-15

We describe a measurement of the time of flight over an 18.5 m path of 900 MeV/n Au ions from the LBL Bevalac. We used two small scintillators viewed by XP2972 photomultiplier tubes without any light guides. The large light output allowed us to attain a resolution of 58 ps in the flight time and an energy resolution of 3 MeV/n. The system is being used in energy loss and machine performance studies. (orig.).

RGO/Au NPs/N-doped CNTs supported on nickel foam as an anode for enzymatic biofuel cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, He; Zhang, Lingling; Han, Yujie; Yu, You; Xu, Miao; Zhang, Xueping; Huang, Liang; Dong, Shaojun

2017-11-15

In this study, three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide/Au NPs/nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (RGO/Au NPs/N-doped CNTs) assembly supported on nickel foam was utilized as an anode for enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs). 3D RGO/Au NPs was obtained by electrodepositing reduced graphene oxide on nickel foam (Ni foam), while Au NPs were co-deposited during the process. Afterwards, nitrogen doped CNTs (N-CNTs) were allowed to grow seamlessly on the surfaces of 3D RGO/Au NPs via a simple chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. In this nanostructure, Au NPs co-deposition and nitrogen doping offer more active sites for bioelectrocatalysis. Additionally, N-CNTs were demonstrated providing high specific surface area for enzyme immobilization and facilitating the electron transfer between glucose oxidase (GOx) and electrode. The resulting bioanode achieved efficient glucose oxidation with high current densities of 7.02mAcm -2 (0.3V vs. Ag/AgCl). Coupling with a Pt cathode, the fabricated glucose/air biofuel cell exhibited an open-circuit potential of 0.32V and generated a maximum power density 235µWcm -2 at 0.15V. This novel electrode substrate achieved high performance in current density at bioelectrochemical systems and could be useful for further exploiting the application of three dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials in EBFCs. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Covalently linked multimers of gold nanoclusters Au102(p-MBA)44 and Au∼250(p-MBA)n.

Science.gov (United States)

Lahtinen, Tanja; Hulkko, Eero; Sokołowska, Karolina; Tero, Tiia-Riikka; Saarnio, Ville; Lindgren, Johan; Pettersson, Mika; Häkkinen, Hannu; Lehtovaara, Lauri

2016-11-10

We present the synthesis, separation, and characterization of covalently-bound multimers of para-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA) protected gold nanoclusters. The multimers were synthesized by performing a ligand-exchange reaction of a pre-characterized Au 102 (p-MBA) 44 nanocluster with biphenyl-4,4'-dithiol (BPDT). The reaction products were separated using gel electrophoresis yielding several distinct bands. The bands were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealing monomer, dimer, and trimer fractions of the nanocluster. TEM analysis of dimers in combination with molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the nanoclusters are covalently bound via a disulfide bridge between BPDT molecules. The linking chemistry is not specific to Au 102 (p-MBA) 44 . The same approach yields multimers also for a larger monodisperse p-MBA-protected cluster of approximately 250 gold atoms, Au ∼250 (p-MBA) n . While the Au 102 (p-MBA) 44 is not plasmonic, the Au ∼250 (p-MBA) n nanocluster supports localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at 530 nm. Multimers of the Au ∼250 (p-MBA) n exhibit additional transitions in their UV-vis spectrum at 630 nm and 810 nm, indicating the presence of hybridized LSPR modes. Well-defined structures and relatively small sizes make these systems excellent candidates for connecting ab initio theoretical studies and experimental quantum plasmonics. Moreover, our work opens new possibilities in the controlled synthesis of advanced monodisperse nanocluster superstructures.

Influence of nanostructure Fe-doped ZnO interlayer on the electrical properties of Au/n-type InP Schottky structure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Padma, R.; Balaram, N.; Reddy, I. Neelakanta; Reddy, V. Rajagopal, E-mail: reddy_vrg@rediffmail.com

2016-07-01

The Au/Fe-doped ZnO/n-InP metal/interlayer/semiconductor (MIS) Schottky structure is fabricated with Fe-doped ZnO nanostructure (NS) as an interlayer. The field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy results demonstrated that the surface morphology of the Fe−ZnO NS on n-InP is fairly smooth. The x-ray diffraction results reveal that the average grain size of the Fe−ZnO film is 12.35 nm. The electrical properties of the Au/n-InP metal-semiconductor (MS) and Au/Fe−ZnO NS/n-InP MIS Schottky structures are investigated by current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements at room temperature. The Au/Fe−ZnO NS/n-InP MIS Schottky structure has good rectifying ratio with low-leakage current compared to the Au/n-InP MS structure. The barrier height obtained for the MIS structure is higher than those of MS Schottky structure because of the modification of the effective barrier height by the Fe−ZnO NS interlayer. Further, the barrier height, ideality factor and series resistance are determined for the MS and MIS Schottky structures using Norde and Cheung's functions and compared to each other. The estimated interface state density of MIS Schottky structure is lower than that of MS Schottky structure. Experimental results revealed that the Poole-Frenkel emission is the dominant conduction mechanism in the lower bias region whereas Schottky emission is the dominant in the higher bias region for both the Au/n-InP MS and Au/Fe−ZnO NS/n-InP MIS Schottky structures. - Highlights: • Barrier height of Au/n-InP Schottky diode was modified by Fe−ZnO nanostructure interlayer. • MIS structure has a good rectification ratio compared to the MS structure. • The interface state density of MIS structure is lower than that of MS structure. • Poole-Frenkel mechanism is found to dominate in both MS and MIS structure.

La televisión social en los países andinos. Análisis de los medios sociales en informativos y magazines

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Abel Suing

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Los países andinos transitan hacia la televisión digital al mismo tiempo en que se consolidan los medios sociales que otorgan a la audiencia la capacidad de interactuar en tiempo real, ello deriva en interrogantes como ¿existe integración de los medios sociales en la televisión?, ¿la audiencia participa en la definición de la televisión digital? y ¿estamos frente a la televisión social? La investigación pretende responder a las preguntas señaladas mediante el estudio de los programas de noticias y magazines de las estaciones de televisión líderes del área andina, en razón de que sus contenidos se emiten en tiempo real cuando se generaría el mayor interés de la audiencia. La metodología empleada es cuantitativa y cualitativa a partir del análisis de cuentas en Facebook y Twitter de las estaciones. Las hipótesis son que la televisión social gana aceptación en los países del área andina y que los canales de televisión no explotan los medios sociales. Se concluye que las estaciones privadas muestran más actividad que las públicas, que existe diferencia entre los informativos y el entretenimiento en seguidores y actividad en la red y que estamos en el inicio de la televisión social pero demanda más esfuerzos para integrar pantallas y medios sociales.

CERN Technical Training 2005: MAGNE-05 : Magnétisme pour l'électrotechnique

CERN Multimedia

Davide Vitè

2005-01-01

CERN Technical Training 2005: Learning for the LHC ! Phénomènes magnétiques, matériaux et applications. MAGNE-05 est un cours dans le cadre du programme de l'Enseignement Technique qui s'adresse aux personnes souhaitant découvrir, améliorer ou remettre à niveau leurs connaissances en magnétisme. Le cours est donné au CERN par la société CEDRAT Technologies basée à Meylan (France). La participation est ouverte à l'ensemble du personnel technique et scientifique nécessitant une formation en magnétisme dans le cadre de leurs activités professionnelles, courantes ou futures. Une importante économie par participant est réalisée par rapport aux frais nécessaires pour suivre la même formation sur le site de CEDRAT en France. MAGNE-05 s'intéresse, entre autres, au...

Study of the decay 184Hg→184Au (Tsub(1/2)=30s)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nettles, W.G.; Beraud, R.; Cole, J.D.; Hamilton, J.H.; Ramayya, A.V.; Kawakami, H.; Spejewski, E.H.

1978-01-01

The radioactive decay of 184 Hg to 184 Au was studied on line with the UNISOR isotope separator. The 184 mass chain was entered at 184 Tl and 184 Hg by bombarding an isotopically-enriched target of 180 W with 14 N ions of 177 MeV. Multiscale singles and γ-γ-time coincidence studies were carried out. No previous levels have been assigned to 184 Au. From the coincidence data eight levels at 156.2, 159.1, 247.7, 282.8, 295.1, 392.4, 418.0 and 412.4 keV are assigned and two tentative levels at 534.0 and 551.6 keV are proposed. By using the delayed coincidence technique, a half-life of 36+-6 nanoseconds was measured for the 156.2 keV first-excited level and upper limits of 2 nanoseconds were determined for the half-lives of levels at 159.1, 247.7, 295.1 and 392.4 keV [fr

¿Es posible comparar el empleo informal en los países de América del Sur? Análisis de su definición, clasificación y medición

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marisol E. Ruiz

2015-01-01

Conclusiones: Una definición precisa y adecuada de empleo informal permitirá contemplar los matices que incluye el concepto, lo que hará posible visibilizar las carencias que afrontan la mayoría de los trabajadores informales. La necesidad de incorporar indicadores comunes entre los sistemas de información es un aspecto clave para efectuar comparaciones válidas entre países, así como para determinar el impacto sobre la salud pública que sufre la población empleada informalmente.

Medición del desarrollo humano: un índice alternativo al IDH-2010. Especial referencia a los países latinoamericanos

OpenAIRE

Veres Ferrer, Ernesto J.

2014-01-01

E n este trabajo se presenta un índice alternativo al Índice de Desarrollo Humano ( IDH ). Utiliza la misma información estadística que éste. A partir de él se obtiene un ranking alternativo de países atendiendo a su desarrollo humano. El nuevo índice no se basa en los valores de los indicadores que lo alimentan, sino en la posición que cada uno de ellos tiene con relación al conjunto de los demás. Posteriormente, clasifica cada indicador en el cuartil correspondiente. El diseño del nuevo índ...

Interfon

CERN Multimedia

Interfon

2014-01-01

Découvrez nos news sur notre site  www.interfon.fr « Au service de ses adhérents »   Le 26 février 2014, le Cern a reçu dans son univers exceptionnel une délégation des administrateurs de la mutuelle Interfon-Adrea ! Après une courte introduction, mais non moins passionnée, sur l’origine, la structure, les objectifs et le fonctionnement du Cern, les visiteurs ont pu descendre au cœur d’ATLAS, puis pénétrer dans le laboratoire de tests de composants « high tech » destinés aux accélérateurs de particules… En fin d’après-midi, les représentants  de l’Association du Personnel recevaient dans les locaux du « Jardin d’Enfants » cette délégation venue remettre un ch&...

MÚSICOS, PEDAGOGOS Y ARTEEDUCADORES CON ESPECIALIDAD EN EDUCACIÓN MUSICAL: UN ANÁLISIS SOBRE LA FORMACIÓN DOCENTE EN PAÍSES SURAMERICANOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Teresa Mateiro

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Con el fin de reflexionar sobre la formación del profesorado en educación musical y apoyar a los proyectos formativos de carreras superiores este artículo presenta el análisis de datos de planes de estudios de países surameriacanos. Como fuentes de información se utilizaron documentos oficiales proporcionados por las instituciones, los documentos disponibles en las páginas web de varias instituciones de enseñanza superior y organismos de consulta como los Ministerios de Educación y la UNESCO. Los planes de estudios son descritos y analizados según sus características generales y sus contenidos formativos. Los modelos de formación encontrados fueron clasificados em tres áreas: música, pedagogía y artes. De ese modo se concluye que los modelos de formación docente presuponen formar músicos con especialidad en educación musical, formar pedagogos con especialidad en educación musical y formar arte-educadores con especialidad en educación musical..

Le détour, la pause et l'optimalité. Essai sur la distance et ses apports au transport et à l'urbanisme

OpenAIRE

L'HOSTIS, Alain

2014-01-01

La distance est un élément central pour la compréhension et pour l'action sur la ville et les territoires dans leurs liens avec les transports. Pourtant la distance n'a pas été considérée dans toutes ses potentialités dans les disciplines qui abordent la spatialité, c'est-à-dire la géographie, l'économie, la psychologie et la sociologie, et qui constituent les principaux gisements de savoirs académiques mobilisés par les spécialistes de l'urbanisme, de l'aménagement et des transports. L'inves...

Susceptibilidad del suelo a la degradación en parcelas con manejo agroforestal Quesungual en Nicaragua

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Jellín del Carmen Pavón T

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Durante tres años se establecieron en un Andisol del municipio de Somotillo (Nicaragua los sistemas de usos de tierra: tradicional del productor (tala, quema, fertilización y siembra de maíz + fríjol; agroforestal Quesungual (SAQ (no quema, árboles nativos en regeneración natural y siembra de maíz + fríjol; residuos de cultivos (manejo de cobertura con residuos de cultivos; y testigo bosque secundario (tacotal de aproximadamente cinco años de edad no cultivado. Se hicieron muestreos de suelos a profundidades de 0-5, 5-10 y 10-20 cm para caracterización física y de fertilidad y estimación de la erosión hídrica por simulación. Los sistemas Quesungal y Residuos de Cultivo, mantuvieron la susceptibilidad del suelo a la erosión en niveles tan bajos como los del bosque natural secundario.

Susceptibilidad del suelo a la degradación en parcelas con manejo agroforestal Quesungual en Nicaragua

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pavón T Jellín del Carmen

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Durante tres años se establecieron en un Andisol del municipio de Somotillo (Nicaragua los sistemas de usos de tierra: tradicional del productor (tala, quema, fertilización y siembra de maíz + fríjol; agroforestal Quesungual (SAQ (no quema, árboles nativos en regeneración natural y siembra de maíz + fríjol; residuos de cultivos (manejo de cobertura con residuos de cultivos; y testigo bosque secundario (tacotal de aproximadamente cinco años de edad no cultivado. Se hicieron muestreos de suelos a profundidades de 0-5, 5-10 y 10-20 cm para caracterización física y de fertilidad y estimación de la erosión hídrica por simulación. Los sistemas Quesungal y Residuos de Cultivo, mantuvieron la susceptibilidad del suelo a la erosión en niveles tan bajos como los del bosque natural secundario.

UNE NOUVELLE ESPÈCE DE TOMETES (TELEOSTEI : CHARACIDAE : SERRASALMINAE DU BOUCLIER GUYANAIS, TOMETES LEBAILI N. SP.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

JÉGU M.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Tometes lebaili n. sp. diffère de Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes, 1850, par la position de la bouche, oblique et dirigée vers le haut. T. lebaili présente 7 à 8 dents à la série labiale du dentaire contre 5 chez T. trilobatus. T. trilobatus, citée des rapides de l’Araguari (Amapá, Brésil à l’Oyapock (Guyane française, est remplacée plus à l’ouest par T. lebaili n. sp., décrite de la Mana (Guyane fr. au Commewine (Surinam et peut-être présente dans le Sinnamary. La taille maximale observée pour T. lebaili est de 512 mm LS.

Evaluación del Impuesto Ambiental a la Contaminación Vehicular: análisis comparativo con otros países de América Latina

OpenAIRE

Alcívar Valencia, Natalia Elizabeth

2016-01-01

Los impuestos ambientales, son una de las herramientas diseñadas y utilizadas con el fin de cuidar el medioambiente y desacelerar el calentamiento global, producto de la contaminación creada por el hombre en los últimos siglos. Muchos países en el mundo han adoptado los impuestos ambientales, como medidas eficientes para mitigar la contaminación y reparar los daños en el ambiente. Es así que el Ecuador implementa los impuestos ambientales en el año 2011. El presente documento, se centra en la...

CERN Technical Training 2005: MAGNE-05 - Magnétisme pour l’électrotechnique

CERN Multimedia

Davide Vitè

2005-01-01

Learning for the LHC ! Phénomènes magnétiques, matériaux et applications MAGNE-05 est un cours dans le cadre du programme de l’Enseignement Technique qui s’adresse aux personnes souhaitant découvrir, améliorer ou remettre à niveau leurs connaissances en magnétisme. Le cours est donné au CERN par la société CEDRAT Technologies basée à Meylan (France). La participation est ouverte à l’ensemble du personnel technique et scientifique nécessitant une formation en magnétisme dans le cadre de leurs activités professionnelles, courantes ou futures. Une importante économie par participant est réalisée par rapport aux frais nécessaires pour suivre la même formation sur le site de CEDRAT en France. MAGNE-05 s’intéresse, entre autres, au développement de la compréhension des phénomènes magnétiques et au « sens physique », appliqués à des produits industriels. Programme : Notions de base en électromagnétisme. Les aspects électrique et mécanique du magnétisme. Les régim...

CERN Technical Training 2005: MAGNE-05 - Magnétisme pour l'électrotechnique

CERN Multimedia

Davide Vitè

2005-01-01

Learning for the LHC ! Phénomènes magnétiques, matériaux et applications MAGNE-05 est un cours dans le cadre du programme de l'Enseignement technique qui s'adresse aux personnes souhaitant découvrir, améliorer ou remettre à niveau leurs connaissances en magnétisme. Le cours est donné au CERN par la société CEDRAT Technologies basée à Meylan (France). La participation est ouverte à l'ensemble du personnel technique et scientifique nécessitant une formation en magnétisme dans le cadre de leurs activités professionnelles, courantes ou futures. Une importante économie par participant est réalisée par rapport aux frais nécessaires pour suivre la même formation sur le site de CEDRAT en France. MAGNE-05 s'intéresse, entre autres, au développement de la compréhension des phénomènes magnétiques et au « sens physique », appliqués à des produits industriels. Programme : Notions de base en électromagnétisme. Les aspects électrique et mécanique du magnétisme. Les régimes variab...

CERN enseignement technique 2005: MAGNE-05 - Magnétisme pour l’électrotechnique

CERN Multimedia

Davide Vitè

2005-01-01

Learning for the LHC ! Phénomènes magnétiques, matériaux et applications MAGNE-05 est un cours dans le cadre du programme de l’Enseignement Technique qui s’adresse aux personnes souhaitant découvrir, améliorer ou remettre à niveau leurs connaissances en magnétisme. Le cours est donné au CERN par la société CEDRAT Technologies basée à Meylan (France). La participation est ouverte à l’ensemble du personnel technique et scientifique nécessitant une formation en magnétisme dans le cadre de leurs activités professionnelles, courantes ou futures. Une importante économie par participant est réalisée par rapport aux frais nécessaires pour suivre la même formation sur le site de CEDRAT en France. MAGNE-05 s’intéresse, entre autres, au développement de la compréhension des phénomènes magnétiques et au « sens physique », appliqués à des produits industriels. Programme : Notions de base en électromagnétisme. Les aspects électrique et mécanique du magnétisme. Les régi...

ADAM10 mediates trastuzumab resistance and is correlated with survival in HER2 positive breast cancer

Science.gov (United States)

Feldinger, Katharina; Generali, Daniele; Kramer-Marek, Gabriela; Gijsen, Merel; Ng, Tzi Bun; Wong, Jack Ho; Strina, Carla; Cappelletti, Mariarosa; Andreis, Daniele; Li, Ji-Liang; Bridges, Esther; Turley, Helen; Leek, Russell; Roxanis, Ioannis; Capala, Jacek; Murphy, Gillian; Harris, Adrian L.; Kong, Anthony

2014-01-01

Trastuzumab prolongs survival in HER2 positive breast cancer patients. However, resistance remains a challenge. We have previously shown that ADAM17 plays a key role in maintaining HER2 phosphorylation during trastuzumab treatment. Beside ADAM17, ADAM10 is the other well characterized ADAM protease responsible for HER ligand shedding. Therefore, we studied the role of ADAM10 in relation to trastuzumab treatment and resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer. ADAM10 expression was assessed in HER2 positive breast cancer cell lines and xenograft mice treated with trastuzumab. Trastuzumab treatment increased ADAM10 levels in HER2 positive breast cancer cells (p≤0.001 in BT474; p≤0.01 in SKBR3) and in vivo (p≤0.0001) compared to control, correlating with a decrease in PKB phosphorylation. ADAM10 inhibition or knockdown enhanced trastuzumab response in naïve and trastuzumab resistant breast cancer cells. Trastuzumab monotherapy upregulated ADAM10 (p≤0.05); and higher pre-treatment ADAM10 levels correlated with decreased clinical response (p≤0.05) at day 21 in HER2 positive breast cancer patients undergoing a trastuzumab treatment window study. Higher ADAM10 levels correlated with poorer relapse-free survival (p≤0.01) in a cohort of HER2 positive breast cancer patients. Our studies implicate a role of ADAM10 in acquired resistance to trastuzumab and establish ADAM10 as a therapeutic target and a potential biomarker for HER2 positive breast cancer patients. PMID:24952873

El aborto en los países de la Subregión Andina: discursos, políticas y resistencias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristian A. Venegas Ahumada

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de la investigación es interpretar el discurso hegemónico (icónicolingüístico de los Fundamentalismos Religiosos de Iglesia Católica y grupos ligados a ella, respecto al aborto, junto a las protestas realizadas por movimientos de ciudadanas y ciudadanos por la defensa de los Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos de las mujeres en países de la Subregión Andina. La metodología utiliza un análisis de discurso. En conclusión: El discurso y penalización del aborto es ideológico, dominación patriarcal que hace adoptar a las mujeres el aborto inseguro como resistencia paralegal, pudiendo enfermar o morir para obtener la libertad sobre su cuerpo, un derecho reproductivo.

Cómo las ciudades producen riqueza en la nueva economía de la información: desafíos para la administración urbana en los países en desarrollo

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Mario Polèse

2001-09-01

Full Text Available La intención de este trabajo es explorar la relación entre ciudades (áreas urbanas y crecimiento económico nacional, con especial énfasis en el desarrollo del papel de las áreas urbanas en la nueva economía de la información, y lo que esto puede significar para la gestión urbana de los países en desarrollo. ¿Por qué la relación entre ciudades y crecimiento económico debiera ser de interés? Simplemente porque, como intentaremos demostrarlo, la forma en la cual las ciudades están estructuradas, gobernadas y administradas, puede tener un profundo impacto en los niveles de bienestar económico, y por lo tanto en la reducción de la pobreza. Creemos que el papel de las ciudades, y por lo tanto el de la administración urbana, crecerá y se volverá cada vez más importante a medida que los países adopten economías cada vez más basadas en la información. La nueva economía de la información plantea nuevas demandas a la planificación y gestión urbana. La tarea tanto para gestores como para planificadores urbanos en los países en desarrollo, no será fácil en absoluto. Mucho puede aprenderse de los errores cometidos en ciudades del norte, pero en países en desarrollo estos errores no necesitan repetirseThis paper explores the relationship between cities (urban areas and national economic growth, with special emphasis on the evolving role of urban areas in the new information economy and what this might mean for urban management in developing nations. Why should the relationship between cities and economic growth be of concern? Simply because, as we shall attempt to demonstrate, the manner in which cities are structured, governed and managed can have a profound impact on levels of economic welfare, and thus on poverty reduction. We argue that the role of cities and thus also of urban management will grow more vital as nations move to increasingly globalized and information-based economies. The new information economy makes new

La voz de los estudiantes de primer año en seis países: evaluación de sus experiencias en estudios superiores científico-técnicos

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Ángel Vázquez-Alonso

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Resumen Este estudio analiza la valoración de los estudiantes de seis países latinos sobre sus experiencias de primer año en educación superior de ciencias, tecnologías, ingenierías y matemáticas (CTIM. El objetivo es ofrecer pruebas empíricas sobre la importancia de distintos factores determinantes de la permanencia en los cursos universitarios de CTIM. Los estudiantes respondieron el cuestionario del proyecto Interés y Reclutamiento en Ciencia (IRIS; se presentan las respuestas relativas a las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre experiencias, expectativas cumplidas y valoración de resultados académicos. Se identifican los factores más y menos importantes, los perfiles nacionales de los seis países y las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres; aparecen muchas diferencias significativas entre países y algunas diferencias entre hombres y mujeres . Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para orientar las políticas institucionales que mejoren el reclutamiento, la retención (evitación del abandono y la equidad de género en los cursos CTIM.

La baisse de la densité osseuse au cours des maladies ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Introduction: La baisse de la densité minérale osseuse représente la principale manifestation osseuse décrite au cours des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin. En Tunisie, très peu d'études ont rapportés sa prévalence et ses facteurs de risque. Le but de ce travail était de déterminer la prévalence de la perte ...

Electrostatic Self-Assembly of Au Nanoparticles onto Thermosensitive Magnetic Core-Shell Microgels for Thermally Tunable and Magnetically Recyclable Catalysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Guoqiang; Wang, Daoai; Zhou, Feng; Liu, Weimin

2015-06-01

A facile route to fabricate a nanocomposite of Fe3O4@poly[N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)-co-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA)]@Au (Fe3O4@PND@Au) is developed for magnetically recyclable and thermally tunable catalysis. The negatively charged Au nanoparticles with an average diameter of 10 nm are homogeneously loaded onto positively charged thermoresponsive magnetic core-shell microgels of Fe3O4@poly(NIPAM-co-DMAEMA) (Fe3O4@PND) through electrostatic self-assembly. This type of attachment offers perspectives for using charged polymeric shell on a broad variety of nanoparticles to immobilize the opposite-charged nanoparticles. The thermosensitive PND shell with swollen or collapsed properties can be as a retractable Au carrier, thereby tuning the aggregation or dispersion of Au nanoparticles, which leads to an increase or decrease of catalytic activity. Therefore, the catalytic activity of Fe3O4@PND@Au can be modulated by the volume transition of thermosensitive microgel shells. Importantly, the mode of tuning the aggregation or dispersion of Au nanoparticles using a thermosensitive carrier offers a novel strategy to adjust and control the catalytic activity, which is completely different with the traditional regulation mode of controlling the diffusion of reactants toward the catalytic Au core using the thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) network as a nanogate. Concurrent with the thermally tunable catalysis, the magnetic susceptibility of magnetic cores enables the Fe3O4@PND@Au nanocomposites to be capable of serving as smart nanoreactors for thermally tunable and magnetically recyclable catalysis. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Gizlilik Paylaşımı Yöntemini Kullanan Ses Dosyası Arşivleme Programı

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Ersan YAZAN

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Günümüz dünyasında her sektörde sayısal teknoloji ürünlerinin kullanımı hızla yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bunlardan birisi de sayısal ses iletim teknolojisidir. Gerek kayıt gerekse iletişim sürecinde analog sistemlere göre önemli üstünlüğü olan bu teknoloji de, tedbir alınmazsa sayısal ses dosyalarının dinleme, değiştirme, ekleme v.b saldırılara karşı savunmasız olduğu da bilinmektedir. Bu bildiride sayısal seslerin arşivlenip sonradan tekrar dinlenmesi gereken uygulamalarda kullanılabilecek bir yazılımsal aracın geliştirilme süreci açıklanmıştır. Yazılımsal araçta, orijinal ses dosyasının doğrudan şifrelenip arşivlenmesi yerine, Shamir’in gizlilik paylaşım yöntemine dayanarak orijinal ses dosyasından elde edilen pay dosyalarının arşivlenmesi sağlanmıştır. Böylece hem dosyaların gizliliği korunmuş olup hem de tek bir kişinin yerine birkaç yetkilendirilmiş kişinin bir araya gelmesiyle dinleme işleminin gerçekleştirilmesine olanak sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca tek bir pay dosyasının kaybolması durumunda bile orijinal ses dosyasının yeniden elde edilmesi mümkündür. Yazılımsal araç, dinleme teşebbüslerini ve dinleme kayıtlarını tutabilmekte olup bu konudaki ihtiyacı giderecek şekilde tasarlanmış ve test edilmiştir.

Desafíos en la gestión de residuos sólidos para las ciudades de países en desarrollo

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Lilliana Abarca-Guerrero

2015-06-01

Full Text Available El manejo de residuos sólidos es un desafío para las autoridades de las ciudades de los países en desarrollo, principalmente debido al incremento en su generación, la carga impuesta sobre el presupuesto municipal como resultado de los altos costos asociados a su manejo, la falta de comprensión sobre una diversidad de factores que afectan las diferentes etapas del manejo de residuos y los vínculos necesarios para habilitar el funcionamiento de todo el sistema de manejo. Un análisis de la literatura sobre el trabajo realizado y reportado principalmente en publicaciones de 2005 a 2011, relacionadas con el manejo de residuos en los países en desarrollo, demostró que pocos artículos brindan información cuantitativa. El análisis se realizó en dos de las revistas científicas más importantes en gestión de residuos, Waste Management Journal y Waste Management and Research. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las acciones y el comportamiento de los actores sociales que juegan un papel en el proceso de manejo de residuos y analizar factores influyentes en el sistema, en más de 30 áreas urbanas en 22 países en desarrollo de tres continentes. En este estudio se utilizó una combinación de métodos para evaluar a los actores sociales involucrados y los factores que influyen en el manejo de residuos en las ciudades. Se recogieron datos de la literatura científica, bases de datos existentes, observaciones realizadas durante visitas a áreas urbanas, entrevistas estructuradas con profesionales de relevancia, ejercicios suministrados a los participantes en talleres y un cuestionario aplicado a los actores involucrados. Se utilizaron métodos estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales para sacar conclusiones. El resultado de la investigación es una lista completa de los actores sociales involucrados que son pertinentes en los sistemas de manejo de residuos y un juego de factores que revelan las causas más importantes del

Energy Dependence of Particle Multiplicities in Central Au+Au Collisions

Science.gov (United States)

Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Barton, D. S.; Betts, R. R.; Bindel, R.; Budzanowski, A.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Corbo, J.; Decowski, M. P.; Garcia, E.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gushue, S.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Henderson, C.; Hicks, D.; Hofman, D.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J.; Katzy, J.; Khan, N.; Kucewicz, W.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Lin, W. T.; Manly, S.; McLeod, D.; Michałowski, J.; Mignerey, A.; Mülmenstädt, J.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Park, I. C.; Pernegger, H.; Rafelski, M.; Rbeiz, M.; Reed, C.; Remsberg, L. P.; Reuter, M.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rosenberg, L.; Sagerer, J.; Sarin, P.; Sawicki, P.; Skulski, W.; Steadman, S. G.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S.; Stodulski, M.; Sukhanov, A.; Tang, J.-L.; Teng, R.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Verdier, R.; Wadsworth, B.; Wolfs, F. L.; Wosiek, B.; Woźniak, K.; Wuosmaa, A. H.; Wysłouch, B.

2002-01-01

We present the first measurement of the pseudorapidity density of primary charged particles in Au+Au collisions at (sNN) = 200 GeV. For the 6% most central collisions, we obtain dNch/dη\\|\\|η\\|<1 = 650+/-35(syst). Compared to collisions at (sNN) = 130 GeV, the highest energy studied previously, an increase by a factor of 1.14+/-0.05 at 90% confidence level, is found. The energy dependence of the pseudorapidity density is discussed in comparison with data from proton-induced collisions and theoretical predictions.

Lupino Lane

OpenAIRE

Couderc, Jean-Jacques

2015-01-01

Henry George Lupino est né à Londres le 16 juin 1892 d’une famille d’acteurs d’origine italienne : les Lupino, célèbre troupe de smarionnettistes, avaient émigré dès le xviie siècle, puis s’étaient illustrés au music-hall. Le père, Henry Charles, épousa une Lane, famille célèbre de la scène anglaise, et eut deux fils : Henry George qui adopta comme pseudonyme les noms de ses deux géniteurs (Lupino Lane) et Wallace qui comme son frère fit une carrière cinématographique. Le petit Henry George s...

L’Union européenne: un champion en trompe l’œil de l’aide publique au développement

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Yann Richard

2008-06-01

Full Text Available L’Union européenne est le premier bailleur de fonds de l’aide publique au développement dans le monde. Elle y consacre des sommes plus importantes que les États-Unis et le Japon et elle domine dans l’aide au développement perçue par la quasi-totalité des pays bénéficiaires (pays en développement et pays en transition. Elle est le premier donateur aussi bien pour l’importance de sommes dépensées que pour l’effort consenti (l’aide rapportée au revenu national brut ou bien au nombre des habitants des pays donateurs. Mais ce statut de premier donateur est en partie illusoire. Cette domination vient de l’addition artificielle de l’aide versée par la Commission européenne et de l’aide versée par les pays membres de l’UE 15. Or, l’analyse des statistiques de l’aide au développement montre que ces deux types de donateurs ne suivent pas les mêmes logiques pour l’allocation géographique de leur aide. L’aide au développement versée par l’Union, comparativement à celle versée par le Japon et les États-Unis, semble avoir un caractère universel. Cette apparente générosité ne cache-t-elle pas une faiblesse ? On peut se demander si l’aide européenne ne souffre pas en réalité d’une trop grande dispersion. Par ailleurs, la géographie de l’aide versée par l’UE ne semble pas correspondre au discours européen qui met au sommet de l’agenda politique de l’Union le développement des relations avec ses voisins géographiques. Ce manque de cohérence transparaît dans l’évolution inverse des aides versées par la Commission (en augmentation et par les pays membres de l’UE (en baisse. L’Union s’est bel et bien engagée dans une réforme de la gouvernance de son aide au développement (déclaration de Paris, Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement. Néanmoins, les tendances que nous soulignons dans cet article montrent que les résultats sont encore à venir. La faible lisibilit

Excited-State N2 Dissociation Pathway on Fe-Functionalized Au.

Science.gov (United States)

Martirez, John Mark P; Carter, Emily A

2017-03-29

Localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) offer the possibility of light-activated chemical catalysis on surfaces of strongly plasmonic metal nanoparticles. This technology relies on lower-barrier bond formation and/or dissociation routes made available through energy transfer following the eventual decay of LSPRs. The coupling between these decay processes and a chemical trajectory (nuclear motion, charge-transfer, intersystem crossing, etc.) dictates the availability of these alternative (possibly lower barrier) excited-state channels. The Haber-Bosch method of NH 3 synthesis from N 2 and H 2 is notoriously energy intensive. This is due to the difficulty of N 2 dissociation despite the overall reaction being thermodynamically favorable at ambient temperatures and pressures. LSPRs may provide means to improve the kinetics of N 2 dissociation via induced resonance electronic excitation. In this work, we calculate, via embedded n-electron valence second-order perturbation theory within the density functional embedding theory, the excited-state potential energy surfaces for dissociation of N 2 on an Fe-doped Au(111) surface. This metal alloy may take advantage simultaneously of the strong LSPR of Au and the catalytic activity of Fe toward N 2 dissociation. We find the ground-state dissociation activation energy to be 4.74 eV/N 2 , with Fe as the active site on the surface. Consecutive resonance energy transfers (RETs) may be accessed due to the availability of many electronically excited states with intermediate energies arising from the metal surface that may couple to states induced by the Fe-dopant and the adsorbate molecule, and crossing between excited states may effectively lower the dissociation barrier to 1.33 eV. Our work illustrates that large energetic barriers, prohibitive toward chemical reaction, may be overcome through multiple RETs facilitating an otherwise difficult chemical process.

CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LOS PROGRAMAS DE POSGRADUACIÓN EN CONTABILIDAD: UN ANÁLISIS DE LAS UNIVERSIDADES DE LOS PAÍSES DE LENGUA INGLESA

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Donizete Reina

2012-09-01

Full Text Available La literatura apunta una carencia de profesores en el área de Contabilidad. Para algunos investigadores, esa carência está relacionada al alto precio a ser pagado para la realización de una posgraduación en el área. Según la American Accounting Association (AAA, los programas de posgraduación, precisan ser más atractivos, menos estresantes, inclusive con reducción de costes para el alumno. Así, el objetivo de este estudio es mapear las características relacionadas al proceso selectivo, al curso ofertado y a los requisitos para la obtención del título de Máster en Contabilidad en las universidades situadas en países cuyo idioma oficial es la lengua inglesa. Esta pesquisa se clasifica como descriptiva, de naturaleza teórica-conceptual, con abordaje cualitativo. El estudio adopta fuente secundaria de colecta de datos y posee lógica inductiva. Los principales resultados evidencian: en relación a las características del proceso selectivo en los Estados Unidos, el 71% de los programas analizados solicitan de sus candidatos conocimientos en Contabilidad, Finanzas, Economía, Tributos, Estadística y Matemática; el 5% de las universidades australianas requieren el TOEFL; el 20% requieren el G.P.A; y un 10% requieren el GMAT; ninguna universidad canadiense solicita carta de recomendación; en elación al curso ofrecido, el 88% de las instituciones que ofertan Máster en Contabilidad tienen como foco mejorar la cualificación profesional de los contadores; en Australia, el 30% de los programas son de 18 meses; ya en el Canadá un 66% de los programas; y un 50% en Nueva Zelanda poseen el período máximo de 2 años para el término del curso. En lo que dice respecto a los requisitos para la obtención del título, un 82% de las universidades exigen una cantidad entre 4 y 9 disciplinas obligatorias, entre otros resultados. Se concluye que lós cursos de máster ofrecidos en los Estados Unidos y Reino Unido son relativamente m

“Z”-Shaped Rotational Au/Pt Micro-Nanorobot

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Kai Chen

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Drug delivery, minimally-invasive surgery, and a hospital-in-the-body are highly desirable for meeting the rapidly growing needs of nanorobot. This paper reports a Z-shaped gold/platinum (Au/Pt hybrid nanorobot which realizes the self-rotational movement without an external force field. The Z-shaped Au/Pt hybrid nanorobot was fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB and plasma sputtering. The purity of the nanorobot was tested by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS. The weight percentage of Pt and Au at the tip were 94.28% and 5.72%, respectively. The weight percentage of Pt and Au at the bottom were 17.39% and 82.75%, respectively. The size of the nanorobot was 2.58 × 10−16 m2 and the mass of the nanorobot was 8.768 × 10−8 kg. The driving force of the nanorobot was 9.76 × 10−14 N at the 6.9% concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution. The rotation speed was 13 rpm, 14 rpm, and 19 rpm at 5.6%, 6.2%, and 7.8% concentrations, respectively.

Análisis de la Producción de Investigación Científica Internacional Sobre Turismo en Colombia y Brasil y el Desarrollo Turístico Actual de los Países

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Alexander Zúñiga Collazos

2012-08-01

Full Text Available ResumenEl turismo es uno de los sectores con mayor dinamismo en el mundo, y la diferencia en la llegada de turistas y beneficios económicos percibidos por el mismo concepto en destinos de países con economías emergentes y economías desarrolladas son cada vez menores (UNWOT, 2011. Para los países  latinoamericanos representa una oportunidad de crecimiento y desarrollo económico y social. El presente trabajo realiza un análisis bibliométrico de las investigaciones científicas sobre turismo en Brasil y en Colombia publicado en revistas internacionales, tomando por base los años de 2007 a julio/2011. El objetivo es verificar lo que está siendo investigado, y por quién, así como la evolución de la expresión académica de los países en esta área de gran importancia económica. Por otra parte, es muestra una comparación del sector turístico entre los dos países y su competitividad turística comparativa, basado en  datos secundarios de las agencias nacionales e internacionales. El análisis presentó claras indicaciones de mejoras en la participación académica, direccionamientos para estudios de turismo sostenible y el crecimiento del sector en ambos países. Igualmente, el estudio concluye  con recomendaciones y propuestas de algunas estrategias de cooperación entre los países y líneas de investigación futuras.Palabras Clave: investigación científica; turismo; Brasil; Colombia.  ResumoTunable UV- and Visible-Light Photoresponse Based on p-ZnO Nanostructures/n-ZnO/Glass Peppered with Au Nanoparticles.

Science.gov (United States)

Hsu, Cheng-Liang; Lin, Yu-Hong; Wang, Liang-Kai; Hsueh, Ting-Jen; Chang, Sheng-Po; Chang, Shoou-Jinn

2017-05-03

UV- and visible-light photoresponse was achieved via p-type K-doped ZnO nanowires and nanosheets that were hydrothermally synthesized on an n-ZnO/glass substrate and peppered with Au nanoparticles. The K content of the p-ZnO nanostructures was 0.36 atom %. The UV- and visible-light photoresponse of the p-ZnO nanostructures/n-ZnO sample was roughly 2 times higher than that of the ZnO nanowires. The Au nanoparticles of various densities and diameter sizes were deposited on the p-ZnO nanostructures/n-ZnO samples by a simple UV photochemical reaction method yielding a tunable and enhanced UV- and visible-light photoresponse. The maximum UV and visible photoresponse of the Au nanoparticle sample was obtained when the diameter size of the Au nanoparticle was approximately 5-35 nm. On the basis of the localized surface plasmon resonance effect, the UV, blue, and green photocurrent/dark current ratios of Au nanoparticle/p-ZnO nanostructures/n-ZnO are ∼1165, ∼94.6, and ∼9.7, respectively.

As Instituições Superiores de Auditoria: um estudo do nível de transparência fiscal dos países

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Janilson Antonio da Silva Suzart

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar a existência de relações entre as variáveis: nível de independência e nível de atuação de uma Instituição Superior de Auditoria e o nível de transparência de uma nação, utilizando a técnica de regressão logística binária. A amostra estudada foi composta por dados de 85 países, obtidos da base de dados do Open Budget Initiative 2008. Apenas a variável nível de atuação foi considerada significativa, não sendo possível identificar a existência de relação entre o nível de independência e o nível de transparência fiscal. O modelo resultante da regressão logística binária apresentou probabilidade de correta classificação de 92,9%. Considerando-se as duas categorias do modelo, baixo ou regular e bom nível de transparência a percentagem de correta classificação foi de 94,7% e 50,0%, respectivamente. Estas constatações validaram parcialmente a hipótese de que bom nível de independência e bom nível de atuação de uma instituição Superior de Auditoria estão associados a um bom nível de transparência fiscal, propiciando a afirmação de que nos países em que as Instituições Superiores de Auditoria são atuantes, os gestores se pré-dispõem a utilizar práticas relacionadas com a transparência fiscal.

Perspectiva de la población mundial

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Víctor L. Urquidi

2005-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de las proyecciones de la población de los países que en 2003 contaban con más de 10 millones de habitantes, adscritos en tres grupos de países según niveles del PIB per cápita en 2001: países desarrollados, países en transición y países en vías de desarrollo. En el caso de estos últimos, se forman dos subgrupos: los de nivel medio y los de nivel bajo. Se hace referencia a algunos volúmenes de población y al comportamiento de la tasa de crecimiento de la población, de la fecundidad y de la migración. En cuanto a los países en vías de desarrollo, el énfasis se pone, además de los volúmenes poblacionales, en las heterogeneidades en los niveles de la fecundidad, migración y mortalidad. Con base en este recuento, se duda que se cumplan las metas sobre la estabilización de la población hacia el 2050 o 2060 y se llama la atención acerca de la necesidad de vincular las esferas demográficas conlas económicas, sociales y financieras.

Rage in a Time of Millennial Raving: Rage Against the Machine’s Critical Disruption of Y2K Excitement Rage Against the Machine, ou la critique raisonnée de la frénésie millénariste

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Phillip Serrato

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Nous étudierons l’intrusion brillante et salutaire du groupe Rage Against the Machine, avec son album The Battle of Los Angeles (1999, dans la frénésie euphorique du passage au deuxième millénaire à la fin de l’année 1999. Les genres musicaux les plus populaires de l’époque – dance music et pop « bubble gum » – reflètent un intérêt décroissant pour le politique, notamment sur les questions ethniques et le problème de l’immigration. Face à la popularité d’artistes latinos comme Jennifer Lopez et Marc Anthony semblant annoncer une ère d’où aurait disparu toute discrimination raciale, le disque de Rage Against the Machine détonne singulièrement, de par son insistance à défendre des positions politiques tranchées. Au vu de la place prépondérante des questions d’immigration au début de l’an 2000, l’album de ce groupe engagé peut être envisagé comme un avertissement aux allures prophétiques contre la tentation de l’étourdissement dans une euphorie millénariste.

Position calibration of silicon strip detector using quasi-elastic scattering of 16O+197Au

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yan Wenqi; Hu Hailong; Zhang Gaolong

2013-01-01

Background: Elastic scattering is induced by weakly unstable nuclei. Generally, a good angular resolution for angular distribution of elastic scattering is needed. The silicon strip detector is often used for this kind of experiment. Purpose: In order to use silicon strip detector to study the elastic scattering of weakly unbound nuclei, it is important to get the information of its position calibration. It is well known that the elastic scattering of stable nuclei has a good angular distribution and many experimental data have been obtained. Methods: So the scattering of stable nuclei can be used to calibrate the position information of silicon strip detector. In this experiment, the positions of silicon strip detectors are calibrated using 101 MeV and 59 MeV 16 O scattering on the 197 Au target. Results: The quasi-elastic peaks can be observed in the silicon strip detectors and the counts of quasi-elastic 16 O can be obtained. The solid angles of the silicon strip detectors are calibrated by using alpha source which has three alpha energy values. The angular distribution of quasi-elastic scattering of 16 O+ 197 Au is obtained at these two energy values. Conclusions: The experimental data of angular distribution are reasonable and fit for the principle of angular distribution of elastic scattering. It is concluded that in the experiment these silicon strip detectors can accurately give the position information and can be used for the elastic scattering experiment. (authors)

Ellipsometry with phase and azimuth modulation: Investigation of the dielectric constant of thin films of Th and Ag deposited onto Au electrodes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chao, F; Costa, M

1981-08-07

Ellipsometry with phase and azimuth modulation was used to measure the variations with coverage in the dielectric constant epsilonsub(f) = epsilon/sub 1/ - iepsilon/sub 2/ of thin films of thallium and silver deposited onto polycrystalline gold electrodes. In the underpotential deposition (UPD) zone the epsilon/sub 2/ versus theta curves for both systems present maxima at theta approx. equal to 0.5 which are associated with points of inflexion on the epsilon/sub 1/ versus theta curves; these may correspond to a transition between two two-dimensional structures, one of which occurs for theta < 0.5 and the other for theta > 0.5. A change in the direction of the variations in epsilon/sub 1/ versus theta and epsilon/sub 2/ versus theta corresponds to the beginning of nucleation. It takes place at theta approx. equal to 1 for the Tl/sup +/ - Au system and at theta approx. equal to 0.5 for Ag/sup +/ - Au. For silver coverage, the more condensed two-dimensional structure seems to include metallic nuclei. When theta > 1, at the same coverage different values of epsilon/sub 1/ and epsilon/sub 2/ are observed according to the rate of deposition, i.e. according to the size of the crystallites. The limiting values of epsilonsub(f) are in good agreement with the values determined in vacuum and reported in the literature. For wavelengths lambda > 500 nm, the results are interpreted quantitatively through Drude relations assuming that both the surface density N of the free electrons and their relaxation time tau vary with theta. For Tl/sup +/ - Au the variation of N in the UPD zone corresponds to a residual charge q = 0.29 on the thallium adatom (..delta..N = 5.8 x 10/sup 22/ cm/sup -3/ for theta = 1), whereas for Ag/sup +/ - Au the residual charge on the adatom is negligible. For the thallium film the variation in tau implies an increase in the surface diffusivity with theta in the UPD zone and a decrease after the first monolayer. For the silver films the specularity of the

Computational investigation of CO adsorbed on Aux, Agx and (AuAg)x nanoclusters (x = 1 - 5, 147) and monometallic Au and Ag low-energy surfaces*

Science.gov (United States)

Gould, Anna L.; Catlow, C. Richard A.; Logsdail, Andrew J.

2018-02-01

Density functional theory calculations have been performed to investigate the use of CO as a probe molecule for the determination of the structure and composition of Au, Ag and AuAg nanoparticles. For very small nanoclusters (x = 1 - 5), the CO vibrational frequencies can be directly correlated to CO adsorption strength, whereas larger 147-atom nanoparticles show a strong energetic preference for CO adsorption at a vertex position but the highest wavenumbers are for the bridge positions. We also studied CO adsorption on Au and Ag (100) and (111) surfaces, for a 1 monolayer coverage, which proves to be energetically favourable on atop only and bridge positions for Au (100) and atop for Ag (100); vibrational frequencies of the CO molecules red-shift to lower wavenumbers as a result of increased metal coordination. We conclude that CO vibrational frequencies cannot be solely relied upon in order to obtain accurate compositional analysis, but we do propose that elemental rearrangement in the core@shell nanoclusters, from Ag@Au (or Au@Ag) to an alloy, would result in a shift in the CO vibrational frequencies that indicate changes in the surface composition. Contribution to the Topical Issue "Shaping Nanocatalysts", edited by Francesca Baletto, Roy L. Johnston, Jochen Blumberger and Alex Shluger.Supplementary material in the form of one pdf file available from the Journal web page at http://https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2017-80280-7

Au nanoparticles on tryptophan-functionalized graphene for sensitive detection of dopamine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lian, Qianwen; Luo, Ai; An, Zhenzhen; Li, Zhuang; Guo, Yongyang; Zhang, Dongxia; Xue, Zhonghua; Zhou, Xibin; Lu, Xiaoquan

2015-01-01

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • A novel AuNPs/Trp-GR composite was fabricated by directly electrochemical deposition. • The composite exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards DA. • The proposed method was applied to real samples. - Abstract: A novel and uniform gold nanoparticles/tryptophan-functionalized graphene nanocomposite (AuNPs/Trp-GR) has been successfully fabricated by directly electrochemical depositing gold onto the surface of tryptophan-functionalized graphene (Trp-GR). The nanostructure of AuNPs/Trp-GR was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It was demonstrated that Au nanoparticles were well dispersed on the surface of Trp-GR which might attribute to the more binding sites provided by Trp-GR for the formation of Au nanoparticles. The electrocatalytic activity of the AuNPs/Trp-GR towards the dopamine (DA) was systematically investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under optimum conditions, a wide and valuable linear range (0.5–411 μM), a low detection limit (0.056 μM, S/N = 3), good repeatability and stability were obtained for the determination of DA. Furthermore, the modified electrode was successfully applied to real samples analysis

Au nanoparticles on tryptophan-functionalized graphene for sensitive detection of dopamine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lian, Qianwen; Luo, Ai; An, Zhenzhen; Li, Zhuang; Guo, Yongyang; Zhang, Dongxia [Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou (China); Xue, Zhonghua [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou (China); Zhou, Xibin, E-mail: zhouxb@nwnu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou (China); Lu, Xiaoquan, E-mail: Luxq@nwnu.edu.cn [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou (China)

2015-09-15

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • A novel AuNPs/Trp-GR composite was fabricated by directly electrochemical deposition. • The composite exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards DA. • The proposed method was applied to real samples. - Abstract: A novel and uniform gold nanoparticles/tryptophan-functionalized graphene nanocomposite (AuNPs/Trp-GR) has been successfully fabricated by directly electrochemical depositing gold onto the surface of tryptophan-functionalized graphene (Trp-GR). The nanostructure of AuNPs/Trp-GR was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It was demonstrated that Au nanoparticles were well dispersed on the surface of Trp-GR which might attribute to the more binding sites provided by Trp-GR for the formation of Au nanoparticles. The electrocatalytic activity of the AuNPs/Trp-GR towards the dopamine (DA) was systematically investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under optimum conditions, a wide and valuable linear range (0.5–411 μM), a low detection limit (0.056 μM, S/N = 3), good repeatability and stability were obtained for the determination of DA. Furthermore, the modified electrode was successfully applied to real samples analysis.

Pharmacogénétique: qu'en est-il au Maroc?

Science.gov (United States)

Idrissi, Meryem Janati; Ouldim, Karim; Amarti, Afaf; El Hassouni, Mohamed; Khabbal, Youssef

2013-01-01

La pharmacogénétique est l’étude de l'influence des variations génétiques interindividuelles sur la réponse aux médicaments, avec le but d'améliorer la prise en charge des patients en visant une médecine personnalisée. Au fait le génome de deux personnes ne diffère que par 0.1% des 3.2 milliards de paires de bases, ce qui implique les effets indésirables des médicaments, qui ont un très important impact sur le plan clinique que sur le plan économique. Or cette dernière décennie ces effets indésirables ont pu être évités grâce aux tests pharmacogénétiques. Au Maroc, la recherche en pharmacogénétique commence à susciter l'intérêt des chercheurs avec quelques études. Une toute première étude en 1986, sur l'acétylation de l'isoniazide chez la population marocaine, suivie par deux autres en 2011 se focalisant sur le métabolisme du tacrolimus et des anti-vitamines K. Ainsi l'espoir maintenant est d'identifier les majoritaires polymorphismes génétiques affectant les patients marocains, afin de leur fournir une prise en charge adaptée. PMID:23785548

Pershore made CR-39(DOP) as a 1.015 GeV/n 197Au-ion detector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bhattacharyya, D.P.; Chakrabarty, S.; Rakshit, R.; Basu, B.; Pal, P.; Biswas, S.

1993-01-01

Pershore made CR-39(DOP) stack was exposed at a zenith angle of 30deg by 197 Au-ions of energy 1.015 GeV/n using LBL BEVALAC beam. The top of the irradiated plate of the stack has been etched in 6.25N NaOH solution at 70degC for one hour. About 1202 cone lengths were optically measured. The estimated etch rate ratio of the incident 197 Au projectile beam in CR-39 has been found to be 27±2. The result has been compared with earlier observation. The charge resolution of the detector has been estimated from the average of double cone lengths and has been found to have a value of (0.58±0.03)e for 197 Au-ions. (orig.)

Los países del Este y la transición al mercado: hacia la formación del marco institucional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Fernando Macias

1994-01-01

Full Text Available La transición al mercado ha sido para los países del Este de Europa el paso de la euforia inicial al desengaño generalizado. Las medidas adoptadas por los nuevos dirigentes con el propósito de reanimar la economía y sacarla de la crisis han conducido a lo contrario: la caída de la producción, la aparición del desempleo y el desplome del nivel de vida. Esta situación lleva al autor a través del artículo y a la luz de los acontecimientos recientes en la región, que han conducido a una modificación de las formas de propiedad dominantes existentes durante el período del socialismo real, a plantear la necesaria redefinición del marco socio-institucional que conduzca no sólo al desmonte del sistema centralista-burocrático de gestión, sino que se dirija también, y ésto es lo fundamental, al normal funcionamiento de una economía de mercado. Es esto último lo que el artículo se encarga de desglosar mientras explica, en ese nuevo contexto, los cambios que se deben realizar tanto en el factor humano corno en los sistemas legal y contable.

Azimuthal angular distributions of K{sup +} and K{sup -} mesons from Au+Au collisions at a kinetic beam energy of 1.5 AGeV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ploskon, M.

2005-07-01

The Kaon-Spectrometer (KaoS) at the heavy-ion synchrotron (SIS) at the Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt has been used to study production and propagation of K{sup +} and K{sup -} mesons from Au+Au collisions at a kinetic beam energy of 1.5 AGeV. The azimuthal angular distributions of particles as a function of the collision centrality and particle transverse momenta have been measured. We found a dependence of the K{sup -} meson azimuthal emission pattern on the transverse momentum. The antikaons registered with p{sub t}<0.5 GeV/c are preferentially emitted in the reaction plane and the particles with p{sub t} > 0.5 GeV/c show strong out-of-plane enhancement. The emission patterns of K{sup -} can be explained in terms of two competing phenomena: one of them is indeed the influence of the attractive K{sup -}N potential, however, the second one originates from the strangeness-exchange process. (orig.)

Physique ou leçons sur les principes généraux de la nature I

CERN Document Server

Aristote

2015-01-01

Extrait : ""Or il n'en est pas dans la nature de plus certain ni de plus évident que le mouvement sous toutes ses formes ; et voilà comment la Physique d'Aristote n'est au fond qu'une théorie du mouvement. C'est une étude sur le principe le plus général et le plus important de la nature ; car sans ce principe, ainsi qu'Aristote l'a dit bien des fois, la nature n'existe pas ; elle s'identifie en quelque sorte avec lui.""

Fabricación y estudio de las propiedades físicas de nanopartículas de aleación, núcleo@corteza y núcleo@corteza@corteza basadas en Co, Au y Ag

OpenAIRE

Llamosa Pérez, Daniel

2014-01-01

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física Aplicada. Fecha de lectura: 18-11-2014 En este trabajo de tesis se presenta un estudio sobre la fabricación y caracterización de nanopartículas (NPs) basadas en Co, Au y Ag. Todas las nanopartículas fueron fabricadas utilizando la técnica de agregación de gas pero en diferentes dispositivos experimentales. En la primera parte se presentan NPs CoAu producidas por...

Investigações epidemiológicas sobre demência nos países em desenvolvimento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M Scazufca

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Na medida em que a população mundial está envelhecendo, a demência está se constituindo em importante problema de saúde pública, particularmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Investigações epidemiológicas nestes países são escassas e apresentam dificuldades metodológicas adicionais, principalmente no que se refere à adequação sociocultural dos instrumentos utilizados para a definição de casos. Tendo em vista estas preocupações, foi fundado o "Grupo de Pesquisa em Demência 10/66", que é constituído por uma rede internacional de pesquisadores, predominantemente de países em desenvolvimento. O nome do grupo tem como referência o paradoxo de que menos de 10% dos estudos populacionais sobre demência são dirigidos aos 2/3 ou mais de casos de pessoas com demência que vivem em países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo do artigo é atualizar informações da literatura sobre as diferenças de prevalência e incidência de demência encontradas em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento.

Investigações epidemiológicas sobre demência nos países em desenvolvimento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Scazufca M

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Na medida em que a população mundial está envelhecendo, a demência está se constituindo em importante problema de saúde pública, particularmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Investigações epidemiológicas nestes países são escassas e apresentam dificuldades metodológicas adicionais, principalmente no que se refere à adequação sociocultural dos instrumentos utilizados para a definição de casos. Tendo em vista estas preocupações, foi fundado o "Grupo de Pesquisa em Demência 10/66", que é constituído por uma rede internacional de pesquisadores, predominantemente de países em desenvolvimento. O nome do grupo tem como referência o paradoxo de que menos de 10% dos estudos populacionais sobre demência são dirigidos aos 2/3 ou mais de casos de pessoas com demência que vivem em países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo do artigo é atualizar informações da literatura sobre as diferenças de prevalência e incidência de demência encontradas em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento.

2018-05-05T10:34:51Z https://www.ajol.info/index.php/index/oai oai ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

article/46923 2018-05-05T10:34:51Z eamj:ART Emotional And Behavioural Disorders In HIV Seropositive Adolescents In ... Almost two thirds (60.9%) of them were in the HIV/ AIDS clinical disease stage III or IV and were not on ARVs drugs.

Travailler avec Windows 7 au CERN (FR)

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2010-01-01

Vue d'ensemble des nouveaux concepts et des changements dans l'interface utilisateur survenus dans Windows 7 depuis les versions antérieures de Windows (XP ou Vista). La mise à disposition de Windows 7 au CERN et son intégration dans l’infrastructure de Windows au CERN seront présentées.

In-plane and out-of-plane emission of nuclear matter in Au+Au collisions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bastid, N.; Dupieux, P.; Ramillien, V.; Alard, J.P.; Amouroux, V.; Berger, L.; Boussange, S.; Fraysse, L.; Ibnouzahir, M.; Montarou, G.

1995-01-01

Collective flow effects in Au (E/A = 150 to 800 MeV) on Au collisions measured with the phase I setup of the FOPI detector at GSI - Darmstadt are presented. Directed side ward flow is studied, by the mean transverse momentum in the reaction plane x (y)>, without reaction plane reconstruction. A more quantitative measurement of the global amount of directed side ward flow is also made and some comparisons with the predictions of different QMD versions are given. Experimental results concerning the preferential emission of particles in a direction perpendicular to the reaction plane are also presented. Azimuthal distributions of fragments around the beam axis, with respect to the reaction plane are studied in the mid-rapidity region and the associated R N (out-of-plane/in-plane ratios) are extracted. The dependence of R N upon transverse momentum, centrality, fragment charge and bombarding energy is studied. (authors). 24 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab

DFT study on stability and H2 adsorption activity of bimetallic Au79−nPdn (n = 1–55) clusters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Xuejing; Tian, Dongxu; Meng, Changgong

2013-01-01

Highlights: ► Stability of Pd substitution type is face > mid-edge > corner > edge. ► H 2 adsorption activity is in contrast with the stability of Pd substitution type. ► Non-activated dissociation of H 2 occurs in Au 36 Pd 43−3 with high thermal stability. ► ε d agrees with that Pd at edge and corner are more active than face and mid-edge. - Abstract: The stability and H 2 adsorption activity of bimetallic Au 79−n Pd n (n = 1–55) clusters were studied by density functional theory with GGA-PW91 functional. The stability order for four Pd substitution types is face > mid-edge > corner > edge, and the stability is improved with increasing Pd content. In contrast with the stability order, H 2 adsorption activity is corner ≈ edge > mid-edge > face. The Au 36 Pd 43 (3) with Au:Pd ≈ 1:1 ratio and twenty-four Pd substitutions at (1 1 1) facets and nineteen Pd substitutions at subshell sites shows high stability and H 2 non-activated dissociation activity. The partial density of d-states and d band center revealed that the electronic properties are closely associated with the geometric characteristic and adsorption activity. Correlating the d band center ε d and the adsorption energies, the ε d order agrees with the adsorption activity that the Pd substitution at edge and corner sites are more active than at face and mid-edge sites

50 CFR Table 5 (south) to Part 660... - 2009-2010 Trip Limits for Open Access Gears South of 40°10′ N. Lat.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false 2009-2010 Trip Limits for Open Access Gears South of 40°10â² N. Lat. 5 Table 5 (South) to Part 660, Subpart G Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY... Trip Limits for Open Access Gears South of 40°10′ N. Lat. Link to an amendment published at 75 FR 60995...

50 CFR Table 5 (north) to Part 660... - 2009-2010 Trip Limits for Open Access Gears North of 40°10′ N. Lat.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false 2009-2010 Trip Limits for Open Access Gears North of 40°10â² N. Lat. 5 Table 5 (North) to Part 660, Subpart G Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY... Trip Limits for Open Access Gears North of 40°10′ N. Lat. Link to an amendment published at 75 FR 60995...

Lounès Matoub et ses chansons: l'Algérie embrase le cœur, l'Algérie attise la raison

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohammed Yefsah

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Ténor de la chanson algérienne, Lounès Matoub est devenu une icône après son assassinat. Il est l'incarnation même de l'artiste au cœur de son peuple, lui qui s'est imposé dans le champ artistique avec son talent, son franc-parler, sa musique et sa poésie. Son parcours ne peut être dissocié de ses engagements politiques. Il combat les fondamentalistes islamistes et s'oppose au pouvoir en place. Il veut la reconnaissance du berbère, sa langue maternelle et celle de ses chansons, par l’État algérien. Il porte un regard sur l’histoire en reprenant des mythes tout en révélant des vérités. Il brise également des tabous de la société mais reprend des poncifs. Ses chansons, dans lesquelles se reconnaissent des milliers de personnes, disent les contradictions d'un individu tourmenté. L'imaginaire de ses poèmes est régional et rural. En revanche, son désir tend vers la nation entière et même vers l'universel. La tragédie de sa vie est indissociable des durs contextes politiques qu'expriment ses paroles. Algerian poet, singer and songwriter Lounès Matoub became an icon after his assassination. In the hearts of his people, he is the embodiment of an artist, having established himself with his talent, his outspokenness, his music and his poetry. His career cannot be dissociated from his political commitments. He fights against the Islamic fundamentalists and rebels against the governing power. He wants Berber, his mother language and that of his songs, recognized by the Algerian government. He examines history by recycling myths while revealing truths. He breaks societal taboos but unravels clichés. His songs tell of the trials of a tormented individual, but thousands of people recognize themselves in his songs. The scope of his poems is regional and rural. However, his desire extends to the whole nation, even to the universal. The tragedy of his life is inseparable from the tough political context that his words describe.

Factores determinantes del desarrollo econ??mico y social de los pa??ses menos desarrollados de ??frica y Asia, y de las regiones objetivo n?? 1 del sur de la Uni??n Europea

OpenAIRE

Salinas Fern??ndez, Jos?? Antonio

2012-01-01

La Tesis que se presenta bajo el t??tulo "Factores determinantes del desarrollo econ??mico y social de los pa??ses menos desarrollados de ??frica y Asia, y de las regiones Objetivo n?? 1 del sur de la Uni??n Europea" constituye una reagrupaci??n de art??culos publicados en tres revistas indexadas en el Journal Citation Index (JCR). La investigaci??n llevada a cabo, realiza una aportaci??n al desarrollo econ??mico y social en tres zonas del planeta, caracterizadas por su mayor atraso, incorpor...

Estimation of the shear viscosity from 3FD simulations of Au + Au collisions at √(sNN) = 3.3-39 GeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ivanov, Yu.B.; Soldatov, A.A.

2016-01-01

An effective shear viscosity in central Au+Au collisions is estimated in the range of incident energies 3.3 GeV≤√(s NN )≤39 GeV. The simulations are performed within a three-fluid model employing three different equations of state with and without the deconfinement transition. In order to estimate this effective viscosity, we consider the entropy produced in the 3FD simulations as if it is generated within the conventional one-fluid viscous hydrodynamics. It is found that the effective viscosity within the different considered scenarios is very similar at the expansion stage of the collision: as a function of temperature (T) the viscosity-to-entropy ratio behaves as η/s∝1/T 4 ; as a function of the net-baryon density (n B ), η/s∝1/s, i.e. it is mainly determined by the density dependence of the entropy density. The above dependences take place along the dynamical trajectories of Au+Au collisions. At the final stages of the expansion the η/s values are ranged from ∝0.05 at the highest considered energies to ∝.5 at the lowest ones. (orig.)

Au pair trajectories

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dalgas, Karina Märcher

2015-01-01

pair-sending families in the Philippines, this dissertation examines the long-term trajectories of these young Filipinas. It shows how the au pairs’ local and transnational family relations develop over time and greatly influence their life trajectories. A focal point of the study is how au pairs...... that Filipina au pairs see their stay abroad as an avenue of personal development and social recognition, I examine how the au pairs re-position themselves within their families at home through migration, and how they navigate between the often conflicting expectations of participation in the sociality......Since 2000, thousands of young Filipino migrants have come to Denmark as au pairs. Officially, they are there to “broaden their cultural horizons” by living temporarily with a Danish host family, but they also conduct domestic labor in exchange for food and money, which allows them to send...

L’économie politique du désir dans le rituel et le militantisme au SriLanka

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wim Van Daele

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Le désir est au cœur des interactions complexes entre le développement et la religion. Cet article examine ses différentes expressions, comme étant une des préoccupations fondamentales de nombreuses religions, qui motivent à la fois le développement et les alternatives au développement. Au SriLanka, face au changement social, la forme néolibérale et mondialisée du développement est comprise et réinterprétée à travers des idiomes et des formations locales du désir. L’économie néolibérale cultive le désir et mène à un accroissement présumé de la présence des preta (fantômes affamés et avides qui se manifestent parfois au moment de la mort d’une personne. Les fantômes affamés, en tant que formations fétichisées du désir, trouvent un écho chez les consommateurs et les entrepreneurs, qui montrent unappétit insatiable vis-à-vis d’une richesse matérielle en constante croissance. Ainsi, l’apaisement ritualisé des fantômes affamés et le militantisme social de groupes tels que le Movement for National Land and Agricultural Reform (MONLAR sont clairement liés par leur préoccupation mutuelle face à l’insécurité existentielle des êtres humains et non humains, causée par un désir excessif et déséquilibré. L’action rituelle et le militantisme social divergent toutefois dans la formulation explicite de leurs préoccupations spécifiques concernant le désir. Le rituel matérialise et condense l’angoisse liée au désir, alors que le militantisme social décrit la fétichisation du désir en termes économiques, politiques et scientifiques plus abstraits.

Cross sections for the 14N(n,p0), (n,α0), and (n,α1) reactions from 0.5 to 15 MeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morgan, G.L.

1978-09-01

Cross sections were measured for the 14 N(n,p 0 ) reaction from 0.5 to 7.0 MeV and for the (n,α 0 ) and (n,α 1 ) reactions from 1 to 15 MeV and 4 to 15 MeV, respectively. The data were obtained using a gaseous scintillator containing N 2 and Xe mixtures. A linac was used as a pulsed, white neutron source with a 29-m fight path. The results of the measurement are compared to the current evaluated file for nitrogen; agreement is good for neutron energies below 8 MeV, but the measurement is substantially higher than the evaluation for neutron energies near 10 MeV

Tensions, Réformes et Recherche du consensus: Vatican II dans l’itinéraire de l’Église catholique au XXe siècle - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2011v9n24p963

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gilles Routhier

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Tensions, Réformes et Recherche du consensus: Vatican II dans l’itinéraire de l’Église catholique au XXe siècle(Tensions, reforms and consensus : Vatican II in the itinerary of the Catholic Church in the twentieth centuryRésumé Contrairement à ce que l’on affirme parfois, les tensions que l’on retrouve dans l’Église catholique au moment de la réception du concile ne sont pas nées avec le concile, mais s’enracinent au cours du siècle qui précéda Vatican II. Elles portent principalement sur le rapport de l’Église catholique au monde moderne. À Vatican II, si les Pères conciliaires ont été d’accord pour généraliser et accélérer l’effort de mise à jour de l’Église entamée depuis quelques décennies, quelques-uns ont refusé le discernement opéré par l’Église catholique sur l’enseignement des papes, depuis Pie IX, sur le rapport de l’Église avec le monde moderne. Les évêques appartenant à la majorité ont estimé qu’il fallait re-recevoir ces enseignements portés dans des circonstances historiques différentes, et les apprécier à la lumière des situations nouvelles dans lesquelles évoluait désormais l’Église catholique. L’opposition actuelle au concile refuse ce discernement et voudrait, par-delà le concile, revenir aux positions tenues au XIXe siècle. Mots-clés: Vatican II; L’Église Catholique. XXe siècle. Tensions. Réformes. Consensus Abstract To the contrary of what is commonly said, the tensions in the Catholic Church at the time of reception of the Council did not originate within the council, but are rooted in the course of the century prior to Vatican II. These tensions relate mainly to the relationship of the Catholic Church with the modern world. If the Fathers of the Second Vatican agreed to upgrade the Church, after a few decades some priests refused to follow the teachings of the Popes about the relationship of the Church with the modern world. Most bishops

Observations of high spin states in {sup 179}Au

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carpenter, M.P.; Ahmad, I.; Blumenthal, D.J. [and others

1995-08-01

As part of a current study on the properties of the {pi} i{sub 13/2} intruder state in the A = 175-190 region, we conducted an experiment at ATLAS to observe high spin states in {sup 179}Au utilizing the reaction {sup 144}Sm({sup 40}Ar,p4n) at beam energies of 207 MeV and 215 MeV. To aid in the identification of {sup 179}Au, and to filter out the large amount of events from fission by-products, the Fragment Mass Analyzer was utilized in conjunction with ten Compton-suppression germanium detectors. In total, 11 x 10{sup 6} {gamma}-{gamma} and 4 x 10{sup 5} {gamma}-recoil events were collected. By comparing {gamma}-rays in coincidence with an A = 179 recoil mass gate and {gamma}-rays in coincidence with Au K{alpha} and K{beta} X-rays, ten {gamma}-rays were identified as belonging to {sup 179}Au. Based on {gamma}-ray coincidence relationships and on comparisons with neighboring odd-A Au nuclei, we constructed a tentative level scheme and assigned a rotational-like sequence to the {pi} i{sub 13/2} proton configuration.

Les conjonctivites néonatales dans le canton de Glidji au Sud du Togo: une étude transversale à propos de 159 nouveau-nés

Science.gov (United States)

Kokou, Vonor; Nidain, Maneh; Kassoula, Nononsaa Batomguela; Kwassi, Fiaty- Amenouvor; Meba, Banla; Patrice, Balo Komi

2016-01-01

Introduction Le but de l’étude était décrire les aspects épidémiologiques des conjonctivites néonatales dans le canton de Glidji au Sud du Togo. Methodes Nous avons mené une étude transversale dans les 4 Unités Sanitaires Périphériques du canton de Glidji du 19 Mars au 13 Mai 2009 soit 8 semaines. Tous les nouveau-nés ont été inclus et la conjonctivite néonatale était définie par la présence chez un nouveau-né d'au moins deux des signes suivants: hyperhémie conjonctivale, œdème palpébral, chémosis, sécrétions purulentes, larmoiement. Les paramètres étudiés étaient l’âge, le sexe, les facteurs de risque, les antécédents, la présence ou non de conjonctivite, les germes en causes et l’évolution sous traitement. Resultats Sur la période, 159 nouveau-nés ont été examinés. L’âge moyen était de 10,9 jours avec des extrêmes de 0 à 28 jours. Il y avait 80 garçons pour 79 filles soit un sex-ratio de 1,01. Sur les 159 nouveau-nés, 7 cas de conjonctivite ont été diagnostiqués soit une prévalence de 4,4%. Les facteurs de risque identifiés étaient l'accouchement par voie basse et la présence d'IST chez la mère pendant la grossesse. Sur les 7 cas de conjonctivite, l'examen cytobactériologique a permis d'isoler le staphylococcus aureus dans 2 cas. L’évolution des cas de conjonctivite sous traitement était favorable avec régression des signes dès le 3è jour. Conclusion Les conjonctivites néonatales avaient une prévalence de 4,4% dans le canton de Glidji au sud du Togo et le staphylocoque doré était le germe en cause. Leur prévention passe par un bon suivi lors de la consultation prénatale et l'instillation de collyre antibiotique à la naissance PMID:27642383

Bipolar resistive switching properties of Hf{sub 0.5}Zr{sub 0.5}O{sub 2} thin film for flexible memory applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wu, Zhipeng; Zhu, Jun; Zhou, Yunxia; Liu, Xingpeng [State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, Chengdu (China)

2018-01-15

An Au/Ni/Hf{sub 0.5}Zr{sub 0.5}O{sub 2}/Au flexible memory device fabricated on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate was studied for flexible resistive random access memory applications. A typical bipolar resistive switching behavior was revealed with an OFF/ON ratio of approximately 15. The reproducibility and uniformity were investigated using 100 repetitive write/erase cycles. The retention property did not degrade for up to 5 x 10{sup 4} s, and the resistive switching properties did not degrade even under bending conditions, which indicated good mechanical flexibility. The current-voltage characteristics of the memory device show a Poole-Frenkel emission conduction mechanism in the high-voltage region in the high-resistance state, while in the low-voltage region, the Ohmic contact and space charge limit current responded to the low-resistance state and high-resistance state, respectively. Combined with the conductance mechanism, the resistive switching behavior is attributed to conductive filaments forming and rupturing due to oxygen vacancies migrating under the external driving electric field. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Calidad de prescripción de medicamentos en pacientes geriátricos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Teodoro Oscanoa

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Evaluar la calidad de la prescripción farmacológica en adultos mayores frágiles con polifarmacia mayor (más de 4 medicamentos. Materiales y Métodos: El estudio se realizó en el Servicio de Geriatría del Hospital Almenara en Lima Perú. Se utilizó el Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI para medir la magnitud de la prescripción inadecuada en 76 adultos mayores frágiles. Resultados: Se analizó un total de 456 fármacos (5,92 ± 1,03 fármacos por paciente. El 90,8% de los pacientes tuvo al menos un problema calificado como inadecuado en alguno de los 10 criterios del MAI. Los problemas más frecuentes fueron: instrucciones no prácticas (75%, duración prolongada o no especificada (69,7%, efectividad (52,6% y costo (52,6%. Las clases de fármacos con más problemas fueron: cardiovascular (63,2%, gastrointestinal (28,9%, sistema nervioso central (27,6% y musculoesqueléticos (17,1%. El análisis multivariado mostró que el número de fármacos al ser hospitalizados (p<0,001 y 3 de los indicadores de calidad de vida medido por el Coop/Wonca, como forma física (p<0,001, dolor (p<0,05 y apoyo social (p<0,05, estuvieron asociados a altos puntajes del MAI. El número de fármacos por paciente al momento de ser hospitalizado disminuyó con respecto al alta (5,92±1,03 y 3,4±1,40, respectivamente, p<0,05 . Conclusión: El uso inadecuado de fármacos es frecuente en adultos mayores frágiles con polifarmacia mayor.

Determination of polar cusp position by low-energy particle measurements made aboard AUREOLE satellite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gladyshev, V.A.; Jorjio, M.V.; Shuiskaya, F.K.; Crasnier, J.; Sauvaud, J.A.

1974-01-01

The Franco-Soviet experiment ARCAD, launched aboard the satellite AUREOLE December 27, 1971, has verified the existence of a particle penetration from the transition zone up to ionospheric altitudes across the polar cusp. The polar cusp is characterized by proton fluxes >10 7 particles/(cm 2 .s.sr.KeV) at 0.5KeV, with energy spectra similar to those in the transition zone. The position and form of the polar cusp are studied from measurements of protons in the range 0.4 to 30KeV during geomagnetically quiet periods (Kp [fr

Composite particle production in relativistic Au+Au collisions at AGS: First results from the E866 forward spectrometer at sign 2, 4, and 10.8 A·GeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ashktorab, K.

1996-01-01

Particle spectra were measured for Au + Au collisions at 2, 4, and 10. 8 A·GeV using the E866 spectrometers. Recent results on proton emission and composite particle production form the E866 forward spectrometer data taken in 1994 together with the first results from the 1995/6 AGS running period are presented. Preliminary results indicate a decrease in the coalescence scaling coefficient with increasing projectile energy and centrality

Ultra-relativistic Au+Au and d+Au collisions:

Science.gov (United States)

Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Ballintijn, M.; Barton, D. S.; Betts, R. R.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Budzanowski, A.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Chai, Z.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; Gburek, T.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gushue, S.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Hauer, M.; Heintzelman, G. A.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Katzy, J.; Khan, N.; Kucewicz, W.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Lin, W. T.; Manly, S.; McLeod, D.; Mignerey, A. C.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Park, I. C.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Remsberg, L. P.; Reuter, M.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rosenberg, L.; Sagerer, J.; Sarin, P.; Sawicki, P.; Seals, H.; Sedykh, I.; Skulski, W.; Smith, C. E.; Stankiewicz, M. A.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sukhanov, A.; Tang, J.-L.; Tonjes, M. B.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Vaurynovich, S. S.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Wenger, E.; Wolfs, F. L. H.; Wosiek, B.; Woźniak, K.; Wuosmaa, A. H.; Wysłouch, B.

In this talk I will review PHOBOS data on charged particle multiplicities, obtained in Au+Au and d+Au collisions at RHIC. The general features of the Au+Au pseudorapidity distributions results will be discussed and compared to those of /line{p}p collisions. The total charged particle multiplicity, scaled by the number of participant pairs, is observed to be about 40% higher in Au+Au collisions than in /line{p}p and d+Au systems, but, surprisingly at the same level of e+e- collisions. Limiting fragmentation scaling is seen to be obeyed in Au+Au collisions.

L’ergonomie au Québec : perspectives et prospectives Ergonomics in Québec : perspectives and prospects La ergonomía en Quebec : perspectivas y prospectivas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Monique Lortie

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Le texte propose un survol de l’ergonomie au Québec ainsi qu’une réflexion sur les défis à relever. Nous retraçons les étapes clés de son évolution, à travers les faits et les événements qui l’ont jalonnée au cours des 30 dernières années : ses aïeux, la genèse et le hasard des rencontres, l’implantation de l’ergonomie et le rôle des institutions, la consolidation, l’effervescence des années 90, la situation actuelle. Cette histoire est située dans son contexte socio-politique, à la lumière des développements réalisés en santé au travail et de l’évolution des institutions qui s’est échelonnée entre les années 1970 à 2000. La dernière partie propose des pistes de réflexion sur les grands défis qu’a à relever l’ergonomie pour continuer à s’insérer au milieu des transformations actuelles : son positionnement dans les processus décisionnels, son insertion dans le temps, le renouvellement et l’articulation de ses connaissances, son organisation.This paper proposes a brief overview of ergonomics in Québec as well as reflection on its challenges. We trace the key steps in its evolution through the facts and events that marked its development over the last 30 years : its pioneers, origins, unplanned encounters, the establishment of ergonomics and the role of institutions, consolidation, the exhilaration of the ‘90s, and the current situation. This history is situated in its socio-political context in the light of developments in occupational health and the evolution of institutions that occurred between 1970 and 2000. The last part proposes avenues of reflection on the main challenges that ergonomics has to meet in order to continue to be part of the current changes : its position in decision processes, dealing with times issues, the renewal and articulation of its knowledge, and its organization.El texto propone una visión general de la ergonomía en Quebec, así como una reflexión

Fabrication of Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu nanocomposites with enhanced fluorescence

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Huiqin; Kang, Jianmiao; Yang, Jianhui; Wu, Biao

2016-01-01

Herein, Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu nanocomposites are synthesized through layer-by-layer assembly technology. Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2 core–shell nanospheres were prepared at first in the presence of CTAB in aqueous solution system by the modified one-pot method. A chemical precipitation method and a succeeding calcination process were adopted to the growth of Y_2O_3:Eu shells on the surfaces of Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2 core–shell nanospheres. The structure, morphology and composition of the nanocomposites were confirmed by XRD, TEM and UV–vis absorption spectrum. The prepared Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu nanocomposites have showed the emission intensity enhances to 6.23 times at 30 nm thickness of the silica spacer between the core of Au nanoparticle and the shell of Y_2O_3:Eu. According to the observations of fluorescent lifetime and the modeling of local electric field, the metal-enhanced and quenched fluorescence is closely related with the enhancement of excitation and radiative decay rate and the quenching by NRET comes as a result of competition between the distance-dependent mechanisms. This kind of multifunctional inorganic material will be widely used in electronics, biology and medical drug loading, etc. - Highlights: • Fabrication of Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu nanocomposites with core-spacer-shell structure. • The controllable fluorescence is achieved by adjusting the spacer thickness of silica. • The fluorescence enhancement is 6.23-fold at an optimal spacer thickness about 30 nm. • The metal-enhanced fluorescence mechanism is proposed.

La crisis del ciclo neoliberal en los países de la región andina

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Eudis F. Fermín T.

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En el artículo se estudia la crisis del ciclo neoliberal en los países de la Región Andina en el contexto delos cambios políticos latinoamericanos. Es una investigación documental-analítica, fundamentada en una revisión bibliográfica y en la clasificación del material para el procesamiento de los datos recolectados, la interpretación de esos datos parte de la categoría crisis del ciclo neoliberal. El neoliberalismo reduce las funciones de los Estados andinos a las áreas medulares: educación, salud y seguridad ciudadana, privatiza las empresas estatales y los servicios públicos, donde la ¿razón del mercado¿ priva la relación Sociedad-Estado, con consecuencias nefastas para la población, originando en el tiempo el surgimiento democrático de gobiernos anti-neoliberales. Se concluye que en los albores del siglo XXI el neoliberalismo entra en crisis, cuando el mercado manifiesta su incapacidad de contrarrestar los altos índices de pobreza y el deterioro de las condiciones vida de los ¿pueblos¿, los gobiernos andinos de izquierda introducen cambios en los sistemas políticos, redimensionando las políticas de ajuste macro-económico y rechazan los acuerdos bilaterales y multilaterales promotores de libre mercado en el seno del sistema institucional de integración andina.

DFT study on stability and H{sub 2} adsorption activity of bimetallic Au{sub 79−n}Pd{sub n} (n = 1–55) clusters

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Xuejing [State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024 (China); Tian, Dongxu, E-mail: tiandx@dlut.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024 (China); Meng, Changgong [State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024 (China)

2013-03-29

Highlights: ► Stability of Pd substitution type is face > mid-edge > corner > edge. ► H{sub 2} adsorption activity is in contrast with the stability of Pd substitution type. ► Non-activated dissociation of H{sub 2} occurs in Au{sub 36}Pd{sub 43−3} with high thermal stability. ► ε{sub d} agrees with that Pd at edge and corner are more active than face and mid-edge. - Abstract: The stability and H{sub 2} adsorption activity of bimetallic Au{sub 79−n}Pd{sub n} (n = 1–55) clusters were studied by density functional theory with GGA-PW91 functional. The stability order for four Pd substitution types is face > mid-edge > corner > edge, and the stability is improved with increasing Pd content. In contrast with the stability order, H{sub 2} adsorption activity is corner ≈ edge > mid-edge > face. The Au{sub 36}Pd{sub 43} (3) with Au:Pd ≈ 1:1 ratio and twenty-four Pd substitutions at (1 1 1) facets and nineteen Pd substitutions at subshell sites shows high stability and H{sub 2} non-activated dissociation activity. The partial density of d-states and d band center revealed that the electronic properties are closely associated with the geometric characteristic and adsorption activity. Correlating the d band center ε{sub d} and the adsorption energies, the ε{sub d} order agrees with the adsorption activity that the Pd substitution at edge and corner sites are more active than at face and mid-edge sites.

La especialización de la Victimología: de lo general a lo específico, ¿hacía una neoVictimología? / La spécialisation de la victimologie : du général au particulier, vers une nouvelle victimologie ? / The Specialisation of Victimology: from the general to the particular, towards a new Victimology?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hikal Wael

2012-10-01

Full Text Available La victimologie, discipline récente, a un avenir encourageant à condition qu’elle prenne ses distances de ses précurseurs, qui l’ont « victimisée », ainsi que de la criminologie dont elle est considérée comme la descendante au Mexique. Victimology, discipline born only recently in a systematic way, has a promising future if it will be able to become detached both from its precursors, because victimology is being “victimised” from them, and from criminology, because in Mexico victimology is considered as a descendant of criminology.

La participación social en la gestión de la enseñanza obligatoria en los países de la Unión Europea

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Arlette Delhaxhe

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Este articulo presenta una síntesis comparativa de la representatividad de los diferentes agentes dentro de los órganos de participación creados a nivel de la enseñanza obligatoria de los sistemas educativos de los países de la Unión Europea y de AELE/EEE (Islandia. Noruega y Liechtenstein. Un énfasis particular es realizado respecto a los roles que desempeñan los padres en la gestión del sistema escolar en lodos los niveles. Igualmente, se examinan las modalidades de representación y las competencias otorgadas a los órganos de representación del cuerpo de padres. La vinculación entre la existencia o no de órganos consultivos permanentes a nivel nacional y la gestión centralizada o la autonomía acordada a los poderes locales es puesta especialmente en evidencia. Un análisis profundo sobre estas cuestiones y una descripción de cada situación nacional ha sido publicada por EURYDlCE en dos obras que versan, respectivamente, sobre el rol de los padres en la gestión de los sistemas educativos (1997 y sobre los órganos consultivos (1996.

La globalización de productos culturales : un análisis webométrico de Kpop en países de habla hispana

OpenAIRE

Vargas Meza, Xanat

2015-01-01

Este estudio examina la red de difusión de Kpop en los países de habla hispana, abordando sus patrones de comunicación y centros principales, ilustrando las actividades y relaciones de los fans de Kpop en Twitter. Basándose en NodeXL, Tweets con el hashtag "Kpop" fueron recolectados entre Marzo y Agosto del 2012, y los patrones estructurales y de información de la comunicación por redes sociales fueron analizados a través de una serie de métodos webométricos. Los resultados indican que el Kpo...

En Route to Destruction: the Evolution in Composition of Ices in Comet D 2012 S1 (ISON) Between 1.2 and 0.34 Au from the Sun as Revealed at Infrared Wavelengths

Science.gov (United States)

Disanti, M. A.; Bonev, B. P.; Gibb, L. E.; Paganini, L.; Villanueva, G.; Mumma, M. J.; Keane, J. V.; Blake, G. A.; Dello Russo, N.; Meech, K. J.;

Effects of the Substrate Temperature in AuN Thin Films by Means of X-Ray Diffraction

Science.gov (United States)

Devia, A.; Benavides, V.; Castillo, H. A.; Quintero, J.

2006-12-01

Gold is used in electronic industry like electric conductor for products such as computers, mobiles phones, etc; with the drawback that it is one of the most expensive metals in the market. Gold Nitride is a new material, having excellent physics properties like high hardness, high melting point, high electric conductivity, chemical inertia and good thermodynamic stabily among others. At the moment its study is more about electronics, optics, mechanical properties and growth of the films. AuN thin films were produced by the PAPVD (Plasma assisted Physics Vapor Deposition) method, using the pulsed arc technique in a mono-vaporizer system. These films were created with an Au target of 99% purity and deposited on stainless steel 304. It was observed that heating the substrate produces small stoichiometric changes in the film, which makes small changes in the diffraction patterns to appear, like widening in the Au orientation, since the composicional gradient is varying according to the substrate temperature. Au 4f and N1s narrow spectra were analyzed using XPS (X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), in order to observe stoichiometry in the films.

Effects of the Substrate Temperature in AuN Thin Films by Means of X-Ray Diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Devia, A.; Benavides, V.; Castillo, H. A.; Quintero, J.

2006-01-01

Gold is used in electronic industry like electric conductor for products such as computers, mobiles phones, etc; with the drawback that it is one of the most expensive metals in the market. Gold Nitride is a new material, having excellent physics properties like high hardness, high melting point, high electric conductivity, chemical inertia and good thermodynamic stabily among others. At the moment its study is more about electronics, optics, mechanical properties and growth of the films. AuN thin films were produced by the PAPVD (Plasma assisted Physics Vapor Deposition) method, using the pulsed arc technique in a mono-vaporizer system. These films were created with an Au target of 99% purity and deposited on stainless steel 304. It was observed that heating the substrate produces small stoichiometric changes in the film, which makes small changes in the diffraction patterns to appear, like widening in the Au orientation, since the composicional gradient is varying according to the substrate temperature. Au 4f and N1s narrow spectra were analyzed using XPS (X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), in order to observe stoichiometry in the films

Theoretical investigations on the elastic and thermodynamic properties of Ti2AlC0.5N0.5 solid solution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Du, Y.L.; Sun, Z.M.; Hashimoto, H.; Barsoum, M.W.

2009-01-01

We have performed theoretical studies on the elastic and thermodynamic properties of the solid solution: Ti 2 AlC 0.5 N 0.5 . The lattice parameters, elastic constants, bulk, shear, Young's moduli, Poisson's ratio and Debye temperature were calculated and compared with those of the end members, Ti 2 AlC and Ti 2 AlN. The temperature dependence of the bulk moduli, thermal expansion coefficient and specific heats of Ti 2 AlC 0.5 N 0.5 were obtained from the quasi-harmonic Debye model. The calculated elastic and thermodynamic properties were compared with experimental data.

La liberación financiera y el crecimiento económico en América Latina: modelo econométrico aplicado a los flujos de la inversión extranjera directa en los países de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones, período 1970-1999

OpenAIRE

Bermeo Pazmiño, Katina Vanessa; Donoso Correa, Sonia Patricia

2007-01-01

El proceso de liberalización financiera en los países en vías de desarrollo se consolida a inicios de la década de los años 90, coincidiendo con altos niveles de entrada de flujos de Inversión Extranjera Directa. Es así que estos países implementan políticas de atracción de IED con el objetivo de aprovechar las ventajas que se derivan de esta inversión, tales como el incremento de la competitividad, transmisión de tecnología y mayores fuentes de trabajo. Se busca además, que dicha inversión s...

Catastrophes et consommation des substances psychoactives

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Krivokapić Žilijeta

2009-01-01

Full Text Available (francuski Les catastrophes, les accidents, les stress, les traumatismes sont des expériences négatives de vie accompagnées de changements physiologiques, cognitifs, émotionnels et comportementaux. Les stratégies les plus courantes inefficaces à résoudre les expériences de vie négatives sont: l' agression - ouverte (physique et / ou verbale, passive et latente, le retrait social, le placage, la dépression, l'impuissance, l' isolement et l' abus de médicaments, en particulier de drogues. Les personnes se trouvant dans des situations stressantes essayent de s' aider elles-mêmes souvent en recourant à des substances qui procurent une amélioration de leur état et suppriment le malaise momentané. Cette 'thérapie par auto-thérapie' comporte de graves risques La personne qui, après une période de consommation de ces substances devenaient dépendante, manifeste des changements visibles au niveau physique et psychologique. Elle se dérobe à ses obligations, rompt avec les activités auxquelles elle prenait plaisir autrefois de même qu' avec ses loisirs et ses intérêts; elle change des amis, ses relations familiales et amicales deviennent pauvres et remplies de nombreux conflits; elle devient moins critique et plus manipulative, commence à mentir, trompe pour dissimuler sa toxicomanie, rejoint un groupe de ses semblables, se livre à des activités criminogènes, de plus en plus se dégrade physiquement. L' alcool qui, étant le plus accessible et par conséquent généralement 'la première mesure d' auto-thérapie', a un impact particulièrement dévastateur sur l' organisme sensible au point de vue psycho-physique. Nous assistons à de nombreuses difficultés et des problèmes qui, à la suite de la consommation d' alcool, aggravent ceux liés à des expériences des événements traumatisants. De même l' efficacité de certains comprimés de réduire les tensions ou d' améliorer l' état du patient conduit fréquemment �

VIH/SIDA en las Américas: situación y perspectivas. Reducción de la transmisión vertical del VIH en Colombia

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Ricardo García Bernal

2004-03-01

Full Text Available

10pt; font-family: Arial">Veintitrés años después de reportado el primer caso en el continente africano, el SIDA se ha convertido en la primera causa de mortalidad en adultos y se estima que cerca de 30 millones de personas -el 77% del total mundial-viven con la infección en los países subsaharianos.

10pt; font-family: Arial">El nivel y velocidad de propagación de la epidemia en Latinoamérica y el Caribe distan mucho de lo observado en África, pero las tendencias observadas en los países son muy variables y pueden serlo aún más las tendencias recientes. Hace diez años, la mayoría de países subsaharianos registraban datos de seroprevalencia similares a los reportados hoy por los países de Centroamérica y el Caribe. En varios países del Caribe se reportan prevalencias mayores del 2%, siendo Haití el país más afectado, con una prevalencia mayor del 5% y una reducción de la esperanza de vida al nacer (EVN de 12 años (60 a 48 años. Prevalencias mayores del 1% se encuentran en algunos países centroamericanos, particularmente Honduras y Belice. Recordemos que las tendencias recientes de la epidemia no siempre son reflejadas por las prevalencias nacionales, por cuanto las dinámicas de propagación pueden ser muy diferentes entre países con prevalencias semejantes. El caso de los países centroamericanos mencionados, donde se observa la mayor velocidad de propagación de la infección en la subregión, sugiere un alto número de infecciones ocurridas durante la última década.

10pt; font-family: Arial">En América del Sur, las tendencias nacionales de la epidemia son muy variadas. En los países del área andina (Perú, Ecuador, Bolivia aún se observa el predominio de la transmisión entre hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH. En Colombia y Venezuela se observa una transición

Acerca del dominio del código de la escritura en América Latina y su relación con los desafíos actuales: conclusiones de una investigación en siete países de América Latina

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Infante Maria Isabel

2002-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo presenta la disminución de las tasas de alfabetización en América Latina, mostrando sin embargo que, incluso en los países en que esas tasas son muy reducidas, la población adulta con escolaridad incompleta representa un alto porcentaje. Más adelante, expone algunas conclusiones de la investigación - patrocinada por UNESCO/OREALC - que intentaba estudiar el alfabetismo de la población adulta en la capital o ciudades principales de Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Chile, México, Paraguay y Venezuela, tanto en su fase cuantitativa como cualitativa. Como principal resultado destaca que en esos países, la escolaridad completa no garantiza un verdadero dominio de las competencias de lectura y matemáticas. Igualmente señala la importancia del uso de las habilidades, especialmente en el trabajo, y la relevancia que tienen en los resultados variables como la escolaridad de los padres, la zona de nacimiento, entre otras. Es, al mismo tiempo, una llamada de atención acerca de la importancia de considerar en las reformas educacionales emprendidas por los países a la Educación de Personas Jóvenes y Adultas, especialmente dadas las exigencias que demanda la sociedad de la información y el conocimiento a personas que ya se encuentran insertas en el campo laboral.

CHARGED PARTICLE MULTIPLICITIES IN ULTRA-RELATIVISTIC AU+AU AND CU+CU COLLISIONS

Science.gov (United States)

Back, B. B.; Alver, B.; Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Ballintijn, M.; Barton, D. S.; Betts, R. R.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Chai, Z.; Chetluru, V.; Decowski, M. P.; Garcia, E.; Gburek, T.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Harnarine, I.; Hauer, M.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Holynski, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Khan, N.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Li, W.; Lin, W. T.; Loizides, C.; Manly, S.; Mignerey, A. C.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Reed, C.; Richardson, E.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Sagerer, J.; Seals, H.; Sedykh, I.; Smith, C. E.; Stankiewicz, M. A.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sukhanov, A.; Szostak, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; Vannieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Vaurynovich, S. S.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Walters, P.; Wenger, E.; Willhelm, D.; Wolfs, F. L. H.; Wosiek, B.; Wozniak, K.; Wyngaardt, S.; Wyslouch, B.

The PHOBOS collaboration has carried out a systematic study of charged particle multiplicities in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. A unique feature of the PHOBOS detector is its ability to measure charged particles over a very wide angular range from 0.5° to 179.5° corresponding to |η| <5.4. The general features of the charged particle multiplicity distributions as a function of pseudo-rapidity, collision energy and centrality, as well as system size, are discussed.

Au/CeO2-chitosan composite film for hydrogen peroxide sensing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Wei; Xie Guoming; Li Shenfeng; Lu Lingsong; Liu Bei

2012-01-01

Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) were in situ synthesized at the cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 NPs)-chitosan (CS) composite film by one-step direct chemical reduction, and the resulting Au/CeO 2 -CS composite were further modified for enzyme immobilization and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) biosensing. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV-vis spectra and electrochemical techniques have been utilized for characterization of the prepared composite. The stepwise assembly process and electrochemical performances of the biosensor were characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and typical amperometric response (i-t). The Au/CeO 2 -CS composite exhibited good conductibility and biocompatibility, and the developed biosensor exhibited excellent response to hydrogen peroxide in the linear range of 0.05-2.5 mM (r = 0.998) with the detection limit of 7 μM (S/N = 3). Moreover, the biosensor presented high affinity (K m app =1.93mM), good reproducibility and storage stability. All these results demonstrate that the Au/CeO 2 -CS composite film can provide a promising biointerface for the biosensor designs and other biological applications.

[Hyp-Au-Sn9(Hyp)3-Au-Sn9(Hyp)3-Au-Hyp]-: the longest intermetalloid chain compound of tin.

Science.gov (United States)

Binder, Mareike; Schrenk, Claudio; Block, Theresa; Pöttgen, Rainer; Schnepf, Andreas

2017-10-12

The reaction of the metalloid tin cluster [Sn 10 (Hyp) 4 ] 2- with (Ph 3 P)Au-SHyp (Hyp = Si(SiMe 3 ) 3 ) gave an intermetalloid cluster [Au 3 Sn 18 (Hyp) 8 ] - 1, which is the longest intermetalloid chain compound of tin to date. 1 shows a structural resemblance to binary AuSn phases, which is expected for intermetalloid clusters.

Re-evaluation of microscopic and integral cross-section data for important dosimetry reactions. Re-evaluation of the excitation functions for the 24Mg(n,p)24Na, 32S(n,p)32P, 60Ni(n,p)60m+gCo, 63Cu(n,2n)62Cu, 65Cu(n,2n)64Cu, 64Zn(n,p)64Cu, 115In(n,2n)114mIn, 127I(n,2n)126I, 197Au(n,2n)196Au and 199Hg(n,n')199mHg reactions