Du texte aux archives : le problème de la source

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Joseph Morsel

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Il est à remarquer que le Verbe divin semble avoir fait peu d’état des côtés extérieurs et sensibles de l’écriture et de la parole. Il n’écrivit qu’une seule fois – et encore, sur la terre. Sans doute n’estimait-il, dans la vibration du mot, que cet insaisissable au-delà, dont le magnétisme inspiré par la Foi peut pénétrer un vocable dans l’instant où on le profère. Qui sait si le reste n’est pas de peu d’importance, en effet ?... Toujours est-il qu’il a permis seulement que l’on imprimât son...

Mon téléphone portable est-il dangereux?

CERN Multimedia

2002-01-01

Les petites boîtes que nous portons sans cesse à notre oreille émettent des ondes électromagnétiques, en particulier des micro-ondes. Ces rayonnements présentent- ils un danger pour notre santé ?

IL-6 anti-inflammatory activity in pleural effusion post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery

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António M S Chibante

2007-05-01

ós-cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (PCRM não está devidamente esclarecido em relação à resposta inflamatória local e requer maior interesse por ser uma observação constante e ainda pouco estudada. Objectivo: Avaliar o comportamento de algumas citocinas, em especial o possível papel anti-inflamatório da IL-6 (proteína envolvida na síntese da cortisona, no líquido pleural PCRM, uma vez que a sua actividade pró-inflamatória é constantemente referida, assim como o seu papel de citocina de fase de resposta aguda ao lado do TNF-α e da IL-1β nos processos inflamatórios agudos. Casuística e método: foram estudadas e analisadas pelo método ELISA as citocinas TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF e TGF-β em 16 transudatos e 43 exsudatos de líquido pleural em três tempos da fase aguda (2, 24 e 48 horas PCRM no Instituto do Coração e Serviço de Pneumologia da USP – Brasil. Resultados: Tanto o TNF-α como IL-2 não sofreram qualquer tipo de elevação dos seus níveis enquanto os da IL-1β só se elevaram a partir das 24 horas, o que coincidiu com a queda da curva da citocina anti-inflamatória TGF-β, que desde o início foi caindo flagrantemente até aos valores dos transudatos. A IL-8 permaneceu elevada nas três fases e o VEGF foi ascendendo os seus níveis, que permaneceram estáveis nas 24 e 48 horas seguintes. A IL-6 mostrou-se em concentrações elevadas desde o início, apresentando-se como a única citocina com potencial anti-inflamatório durante as três fases de avaliação. Conclusões: Concluímos que a citocina IL-6 parece ter papel anti-inflamatório de destaque e superior ao TGF-β nos derrames pleurais PCRM e que o seu comportamento desarticula, pelo menos neste tipo de derrame, a ideia de citocina pró-inflamatória de resposta de fase aguda. Ao que parece, este é o primeiro estudo que procura

Is the cooling of coils of pulsed accelerators profitable?; Le refroidissement des bobines des accelerateurs pulses est-il avantageux?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neyret, G.; Parain, J.; Schnuriger, J. C.

1960-05-15

In this report, the authors recall how metal resistivity decreases at low temperatures, and give some indications about the power and price of cryogenic installations. They report the study of the cooling of coils in accelerators displaying an alternate gradient with a 15 GeV energy, with or without a magnetic circuit in iron. They establish that cooling does not result in a decrease in the cost price for an hour of operation. They also state that it is not even sure that this cooling would result in a dimension reduction while increasing the maximum achievable induction [French] On rappelle comment la resistivite des metaux diminue aux basses temperatures, et on donne des indications sur la puissance et le prix des installations cryogeniques. On etudie le refroidissement des bobines d'accelerateurs a gradient alterne d'une energie de 15 GeV, avec ou sans circuit magnetique en fer; on trouve que le refroidissement ne permet pas de diminuer le prix de revient de l'heure de fonctionnement; il n'est meme pas sur qu'il puisse permettre de reduire les dimensions en elevant l'induction maximum realisable. L'idee de refroidir les bobines sans fer jusqu'a la temperature de l'air liquide est ancienne: Jean Perrin des 1907, puis Charly Fabry en 1910 l'avaient deja proposee. Recemment, cette idee est revenue a l'actualite: en 1958, R.F. Post a suggere de l'appliquer a la production de champs intenses en vue du confinement des plasmas thermonucleaires; en 1959, N.C. Christofilos a publie un projet d'accelerateur refroidi a 80 deg. K. Nous voulons examiner l'interet de refroidir les bobines d'un accelerateur, d'une part pour augmenter l'induction maximum (dans le cas de machines sans fer) et d'autre part pour diminuer l'importance de l'alimentation electrique. Cet examen est precede de generalites sur le refroidissement des bobines, generalites qui s'appliquent d'ailleurs a tous les champs magnetiques. Les trois metaux etudies sont ceux retenus comme les meilleurs par Post: le

Hypnose : que se passe-t-il dans le cerveau ?

OpenAIRE

Touzet , Claude

2017-01-01

The Conversation; L'hypnose est un état de "transe" imposé au sujet qui permet d'obtenir de celui-ci qu'il se conforme aux suggestions qui lui sont faites indépendamment de leur véracité. Par exemple, le sujet n'éprouve pas de douleur alors même que nous savons que ce qu'il subit est douloureux.

Il était une fois le Centre d’études médiévales…

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Dominique Iogna-Prat

2006-09-01

Full Text Available L’histoire commence au cours de l’hiver 1984. Je suis à la veille de soutenir une thèse de troisième cycle sur le dossier hagiographique de saint Maieul, quatrième abbé de Cluny (954-994, et par les hasards de la recherche des sources (la Quellenforschung chère aux philologues je m’intéresse depuis plusieurs années aux écrits des maîtres carolingiens de l’École d’Auxerre, spécialement à Heiric, dont la Vita sancti Germani métrique est directement utilisée comme modèle par le rédacteur d’une...

Relato de estágio práticas pedagógicas

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Lenir Guedes

2011-12-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo é o resultado final do estágio de regência na Educação Infantil, que foi realizado no CMEI Clara Teixeira, que está situada na Avenida das Sibipirunas, no Bairro Jardim Primaveras, no município de Sinop, Mato Grosso. O estágio foi realizado em tempo integral, no mês de Maio de 2011, contando com uma carga horária de 60 horas práticas. Cumprindo as normas do Curso de Pedagogia da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT – campus de Sinop e a ementa da disciplina do Estágio Curricular Supervisionado na Educação Infantil II. Desenvolvemos um plano de aula, seguindo planejamento bimestral proposto pela Professora regente da sala, tendo fundamentação teórica.Palavras-chave: educador; educando; prática.

A era MTV: análise da estética de videoclipe (1984- 2009)

OpenAIRE

Trevisan, Michele Kapp

2011-01-01

Uma das mais importantes evoluções registradas no reino da cena musical de massas foi o aparecimento do fenômeno videoclipe. Trata-se de um formato audiovisual que modificou a maneira de “ver” a musica. Porém, foi a emissora Music Television, criada na década de 80, que deu a este a devida importância, tornando-se referencia de uma estética. Assim, o presente trabalho objetiva analisar a estética de videoclipe durante a era MTV, a partir da observação dos vídeos premiados nas principais categ...

Triagem auditiva neonatal com emissão otoacústica transiente utilizando estímulo de banda estreita

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Isabela Freixo Côrtes-Andrade

2015-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar a sensibilidade e a especificidade de um equipamento automático de Emissão Otoacustica Evocada Transiente que utiliza um estímulo de banda estreita, Narrow. MÉTODOS: foi analisado o resultado da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal de 300 neonatos. A Emissão Otoacústica Evocada Transiente foi realizada com um equipamento portátil automático, com o estímulo de banda estreita - Narrow. Todos os neonatos foram submetidos ao Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico com o estímulo clique, duração 100μs como padrão-ouro. RESULTADOS: o percentual de "passa" na Triagem Auditiva Neonatal foi de 90,7%. Considerando os resultados do padrão-ouro, foi observado uma taxa de falso-positivo de 9%. A sensibilidade e especificidade encontradas foram de 100% e 92%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: o estímulo de banda estreita - Narrow mostrou-se eficaz para ser utilizado nos programa de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal Universal.

Relatório de Estágio Curricular - Grupo Monte, SGPS (Póvoa de Varzim)

OpenAIRE

Freitas, Bárbara

2012-01-01

A oportunidade de realizar um estágio tem, para mim, uma grande importância uma vez que foi possível pôr em prática toda a aprendizagem que adquiri ao longo do triénio de licenciatura e ter uma maior aproximação com o mundo do trabalho e com as suas responsabilidades. Na instituição senti que fazia parte da equipa de trabalho e fui muito bem recebida por todos os colaboradores. A minha atividade diária, que se repetiu ao longo do estágio, foi o clipping. Foi uma atividade muito enriquec...

Avaliação da expressão de interleucina 1 beta (IL-1β e antagonista do receptor de interleucina 1 (IL-1Ra em pacientes com hanseníase Evaluation of the expression of interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra in leprosy patients

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Rosane Dias Costa

2008-01-01

Full Text Available A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa espectral que acompanha-se por uma série de eventos imunológicos desencadeados pela resposta do hospedeiro frente ao agente etiológico, o Mycobacterium leprae. Evidências sugerem que a indução e manutenção da resposta imune/inflamatória na hanseníase estão vinculadas a interações de múltiplas células e fatores solúveis, particularmente através da ação de citocinas. Nesse estudo, foram mensurados níveis de IL-1β e IL-1Ra de 37 casos novos de hanseníase acompanhados ao longo do tratamento e 30 controles sadios pelo teste ELISA. A coleta de sangue periférico foi realizada em quatro tempos para os casos de hanseníase (pré-tratamento com PQT, 2ª dose, 6ª dose e pós-PQT e em único momento para os controles. Na comparação dos níveis das moléculas de casos no pré-PQT e controles, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa somente para IL-1β. Nossos resultados sugerem a participação dessa citocina no processo imune/inflamatório.Leprosy is an infectious and contagious spectral disease accompanied by a series of immunological events triggered by the host's response to the etiologic agent, Mycobacterium leprae. Evidence suggests that the induction and maintenance of the immune/inflammatory response in leprosy are linked to multiple cell interactions and soluble factors, mainly through the action of cytokines. The ELISA test was used to measure the levels of IL-1β and IL-1Ra in 37 new leprosy patients followed-up during treatment and 30 healthy controls. Peripheral blood was collected four times during the treatment of leprosy patients (MDT pretreatment, 2nd dose, 6th dose and post-MDT, and only once from the controls. The comparison of molecular levels in pre-MDT patients and controls showed a statistically significant difference for IL-1β. The results suggest the participation of this cytokine in the genesis of the immune/inflammatory process.

Le big bang n'est pas une théorie comme les autres

CERN Document Server

Bonnet-Bidaud, Jean-Marc; Leglu, Dominique; Reinisch, Gilbert

2009-01-01

Le big bang n'est pas une théorie comme les autres. Ce n'est d'ailleurs pas une théorie physique au sens propre du terme, mais un scénario cosmologique issu des équations de la relativité générale. Il est le modèle qui s'ajuste le mieux aux observations actuelles, mais à quel prix ? Il nous livre un Univers composé à 96 % de matière et d'énergie noires inconnues. C'est donc un euphémisme que de dire que le big bang semble poser autant - sinon plus - de questions qu'il n'en résout. En ce sens, le big bang apparaît davantage comme une paramétrisation de notre ignorance plutôt que comme une modélisation d'un phénomène. Pourtant, le succès du big bang et l'adhésion qu'il suscite, tant dans la sphère scientifique que dans la sphère médiatique, ne se démentent pas. Surmédiatisé, son statut dépasse celui de modèle théorique, et la simple évocation de son nom suffit pour justifier des opérations de marketing scientifique ou rejeter des cosmologies alternatives. Pour éclaircir les pr...

O uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas em escolares do ensino médio (um estudo de caso)

OpenAIRE

Lima, Simone André de

2013-01-01

O uso de drogas, em escala mundial, constitui um dos grandes problemas que afligem a sociedade contemporânea e é visto como um dos fatores de risco mais comum na adolescência. Este estudo teve por objetivo determinar a prevalência do consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas entre os escolares do ensino médio de uma escola pública de Samambaia – DF. A amostra foi composta por 213 estudantes do ensino médio (1°, 2° e 3° ano) de uma escola pública de Samambaia – DF, destes 53,5% eram do sexo feminin...

L'internet nouveau est dans les "starting-blocks"

CERN Multimedia

Jennotte, A

2001-01-01

De nombreux chercheurs trouvent internet trop lent et limité. C'est pourquoi, ils travaillent sur un nouveau réseau : le Grid. Le Grid permettra de mieux partager les ressources informatiques en réseau (1 page).

Relatório de estágio

OpenAIRE

Cerqueira, Paulo Alexandre Narciso

2010-01-01

O presente relatório foi desenvolvido com a intenção de satisfazer um dos últimos requisitos do Mestrado em Enfermagem com Especialização em Saúde Mental e Psiquiatria (MESMP) da Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), permitindo a obtenção da pós-licenciatura de especialização em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiatria (ESMP) e após discussão pública, do Mestrado em Enfermagem. Este estágio encontra-se dividido em três módulos, nos quais se procurou atingir os objectivos e...

Y a-t-il eu un instant zéro ?

CERN Document Server

Klein, Etienne

2015-01-01

D'où vient l'univers ? Et d'où vient même qu'il y ait un univers ? Aura-t-il une fin ? Pourquoi les humains y sont-ils apparus ? Si ces questions nous obsèdent depuis toujours, celle de l'origine demeure la plus mystérieuse, la plus vertigineuse, d'où la profusion de discours — mythologiques, religieux ou philosophiques — qui tentent d'y répondre. C'est grâce à la science, aux découvertes de Newton, Galilée, Edwin Hubble, Alexandre Friedmann et Georges Lemaître, qu'on peut retracer le grand récit de l'univers, remonter son histoire à 13,7 milliards d'années, jusqu'à cette phase très dense et très chaude qu'on a appelée le big bang. Mais celui-ci n'est pas pour autant, comme on l'a imaginé, cette explosion originelle qui aurait créé tout ce qui existe. Cet instant zéro, peut-on le décrire, le penser, raconter d'où il peut bien provenir ? Et d'où serait venu l'univers d'avant le big bang ? Mystère ! Qu'il y ait eu origine ou pas, on ne part donc jamais de zéro. En parler, c'est p...

Captura da atenção por estímulos emocionais

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Fátima Erthal

2004-04-01

Full Text Available No presente estudo investigamos se estímulos emocionais distrativos são capazes de interferir na realização de tarefas nas quais é exigido um alto engajamento da atenção. Para tanto foi realizado um teste de discriminação de orientação entre duas barras apresentadas bilateralmente na periferia do campo visual (julgamento igual ou diferente. O grau de dificuldade da tarefa dependia da diferença de orientação das mesmas. Simultaneamente era apresentada uma figura central (neutra ou negativa entre as barras. Foi observado que as figuras negativas interferiram no desempenho dos voluntários mesmo na tarefa mais difícil, que exigia maior engajamento atencional. Além disto, quando o reconhecimento posterior destas figuras era testado, figuras negativas eram mais lembradas do que neutras. Estes dados sugerem que estímulos emocionais são privilegiados na disputa por recursos de atenção. É possível que esse privilégio ocorra devido a relevância destes estímulos, sendo dificilmente ignorados.

Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho: Relato de Experiência em Estágio Supervisionado

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Priscilla de Oliveira Martins-Silva

Full Text Available Resumo Trata-se de relato de experiência em estágio supervisionado em Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho (POT envolvendo um grupo de alunos de uma Instituição de Educação Superior (IES localizada no Estado do Espírito Santo. O objetivo central foi discutir os aspectos teóricos e práticos que influenciaram na formação profissional do discente em Psicologia, tendo como foco o estágio supervisionado. Além de relatar a experiência, foi realizado um levantamento junto aos ex-alunos sobre as contribuições do estágio na sua formação educacional e profissional. Da experiência relatada foi possível verificar que: a instituição das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN constituiu-se em um marco na flexibilização curricular dos cursos; o estágio é um componente curricular de integração entre ensino, pesquisa e prática; e o estágio em POT requer dos discentes conhecimentos multidisciplinares. Além desses aspectos, observou-se que a prática do estágio supervisionado indica o rompimento com a imagem negativa do psicólogo que atua em POT, limitada à aplicação de testes e psicotécnicas. De fato, a atividade do psicólogo em POT mostrou-se muito mais ampla e complexa, sobretudo em termos dos impactos de sua intervenção no ambiente organizacional.

Estrabismo após toxina botulínica para fins estéticos

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Marta Halfeld Ferrari Alves Lacordia

2011-06-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Nas últimas décadas, a toxina botulínica tem sido aplicada para fins terapêuticos em inúmeras afecções. A toxina do tipo A foi aprovada primeiramente em 1989 para o uso em estrabismo, blefaroespasmo e espasmo hemifacial de pacientes maiores que 12 anos de idade. A observação de que pacientes tratados de blefaroespasmo com toxina botulínica apresentavam um efeito adicional de diminuição das rugas de expressão inspirou estudos sobre a aplicação cosmética da toxina. Recentemente, a toxina botulínica do tipo A foi aprovada para fins estéticos. Este trabalho relata um caso de ocorrência de estrabismo após aplicação de toxina botulínica na face para fins estéticos.

Les humains sont-ils des entités matérielles ?

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Tauveron Matthias

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Nous étudions la sémantique des noms d’humains dans le lexique français. Dans la littérature, ces noms ont un positionnement indéterminé ou ambigu par rapport au critère concret/abstrait. Ce fait est regrettable car ce critère est considéré comme fondamental. Nous montrons leur positionnement particulier vis-à-vis de ce critère au travers de l’étude de métaphores attestées en corpus dans divers textes écrits. Nous suivons l’optique de Lakoff et Johnson en considérant que la métaphore est un révélateur des catégories de pensée. Dans cet esprit, la question est de savoir si les humains sont des entités matérielles ou non. L’étude est menée sur deux paramètres définitoires des entités matérielles : la masse et la spatialité. Nous apportons des caractérisations lexicales de ces deux propriétés. La masse est envisagée généralement, autour des noms, adjectifs et verbes relevés dans les dictionnaires. Nous proposons une synthèse des divers paramètres dénotant la spatialité dans la littérature, sous la forme de six points indépendants (forme, intérieur/extérieur, sous-parties, changement de posture, localisation, déplacement. L’étude de la spatialité est menée systématiquement dans ces directions grâce à des tests issus des caractérisations lexicales de ces aspects. Les tests font voir que, si les humains sont dotés d’une certaine dimension matérielle (qu’ils partagent ainsi avec les objets concrets, ils ont également au moins trois autres dimensions qui font qu’ils ne se réduisent pas à des objets matériels. Nous montrons ainsi que l’humain est, dans le lexique français, doté d’une multiplicité ontologique : en plus d’une dimension matérielle, il dispose d’une dimension psychologique, une dimension praxéologique et une dimension sociale. De plus, l’étude des métaphores montre que la dimension matérielle est souvent réduite voire anéantie par rapport aux

Genetic characterization of interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12A, IL-12B, IL-15 and IL-18) with relevant biological roles in lagomorphs

Science.gov (United States)

Neves, Fabiana; Abrantes, Joana; Almeida, Tereza; de Matos, Ana Lemos; Costa, Paulo P

2015-01-01

ILs, as essential innate immune modulators, are involved in an array of biological processes. In the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12A, IL-12B, IL-15 and IL-18 have been implicated in inflammatory processes and in the immune response against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and myxoma virus infections. In this study we characterized these ILs in six Lagomorpha species (European rabbit, pygmy rabbit, two cottontail rabbit species, European brown hare and American pika). Overall, these ILs are conserved between lagomorphs, including in their exon/intron structure. Most differences were observed between leporids and American pika. Indeed, when comparing both, some relevant differences were observed in American pika, such as the location of the stop codon in IL-1α and IL-2, the existence of a different transcript in IL8 and the number of cysteine residues in IL-1β. Changes at N-glycosylation motifs were also detected in IL-1, IL-10, IL-12B and IL-15. IL-1α is the protein that presents the highest evolutionary distances, which is in contrast to IL-12A where the distances between lagomorphs are the lowest. For all these ILs, sequences of human and European rabbit are more closely related than between human and mouse or European rabbit and mouse. PMID:26395994

O dedo em baioneta e o uso de drogas ilícitas

OpenAIRE

Borini,Paulo

2001-01-01

A prevalência do "dedo em baioneta", sinal semiológico do distúrbio de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (DHDA), foi determinada em pacientes do sexo masculino usuários de drogas ilícitas, internados em hospital psiquiátrico. Grupo controle, pareado quanto ao sexo, idade e classe social, foi selecionado da população geral. O sinal foi observado em 165/345 (47,8%) dos usuários de drogas e 13/50 (26%) dos controles, a diferença sendo estatisticamente significativa. Os portadores da anormalida...

Disfunção da articulação sacro-ilíaca em jovens com dor lombar

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Carolina Ramírez Ramírez

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A dor lombar representa um problema de saúde pública. Estima-se que uma elevada porcentagem de casos de dor lombar (85-90% não tem uma causa conhecida. Acredita-se que a disfunção da articulação sacro-ilíaca possa explicar, em parte, essa alta porcentagem. OBJETIVO: Determinar a frequência da disfunção da articulação sacro-ilíaca em jovens com dor lombar e descrever possíveis associações com características sócio-demográficas, clínicas e antropométricas da população estudada. METODOLOGIA: A amostra foi selecionada por meio de entrevista direta. Sessenta e sete sujeitos (92,5% mulheres com idade média de 21 ± 2,1 participaram do estudo. Foi realizado exame físico que incluiu a avaliação da dor à palpação, amplitude de movimento da flexão do quadril, funcionalidade avaliada por meio do Oswestry Disability Index, e realização de quatro provas de provocação de dor da articulação sacro-ilíaca (Gaenslen, thigh thrust, compressão ilíaca e compressão sacra. O diagnóstico para disfunção da articulação sacro-ilíaca foi considerado positivo se pelo menos três das provas foram positivas. RESULTADOS: A frequência de disfunção da articulação sacro-ilíaca foi de 35,8% IC 95% (24,0-47,6. Foi observada associação da disfunção da articulação com diminuição de flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais, pontuação do Oswestry Disability Index e dor à palpação. Não foram encontradas associações estatisticamente significativas com as variáveis sócio-demográficas. CONCLUSÃO: A alta frequência de disfunção da articulação sacro-ilíaca encontrada sugere a possibilidade de detectar e intervir precocemente uma possível causa de dor lombar, evitando alterações funcionais de maior severidade.

L'Inde : où est le milieu ? | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

1 avr. 2011 ... Des entrepreneurs futés, favorisés par les réformes économiques opérées au début des années 1990, ont tiré parti des nouveaux débouchés sur les ... À long terme toutefois, M. Mazumdar est d'avis qu'il s'agit d'un encouragement manifeste à privilégier l'expansion horizontale plutôt que verticale. S'il était ...

Cytokine expression in the duodenal mucosa of patients with visceral leishmaniasis Expressão de citocinas na mucosa duodenal de pacientes com leishmaniose visceral

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kleber Giovanni Luz

2010-08-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL is a neglected tropical disease with a complex immune response in different organs. This pattern of organ-specific immune response has never been evaluated in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the in situ immune response in duodenal biopsies on patients with VL. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 13 patients with VL in comparison with nine controls. The immune response was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, for CD4, CD8, CD68, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10. Histological findings from the villi, crypts and inflammatory process were analyzed. RESULTS: All the cases of VL presented Leishmania antigens. No antigen was detected in the control group. The villus size was greater in the VL patients (p INTRODUÇÃO: Leishmaniose visceral (LV é uma doença tropical negligenciada com uma resposta imune complexa em diferentes órgãos. Este padrão de resposta imune órgão-específica nunca foi avaliada no trato gastrointestinal. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a resposta imune in situ em biópsias duodenais de pacientes com LV. MÉTODOS: Um estudo de caso controle com 13 pacientes com LV foi comparado com 9 controles. A resposta imune foi avaliada por imunohistoquímica para CD4, CD8, CD68, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α e IL-10. Achados histológicos nos vilos, criptas e processo inflamatório foram analisados. RESULTADOS: Todos os casos de LV apresentaram antígenos de Leishmania. Nenhum antígeno foi encontrado no grupo controle. O tamanho do vilo foi maior em pacientes com LV (p < 0,05. CD68 (macrófagos e CD4 estavam aumentados em pacientes com LV (p < 0,05. Nenhuma diferença foi demonstrada na expressão de CD8, TNF-α, IL-10 e IL-4. O número de células expressando IFN-γ foi mais baixo que no grupo controle (p < 0,05. CONCLUSÕES: Baixos níveis de citocinas foram encontrados no trato gastrointestinal de pacientes com LV. Este padrão não foi encontrado em

Etude socio-economique de production d'une pate traditionnelle ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Les résultats obtenus à l'issu de ces travaux montrent que: les technologies utilisées à Abomey et Bohicon diffèrent de celle de Covè ; gowé est très apprécié par les consommateurs à cause de ses fonctions désaltérantes ; gowé est souvent consommé quand il fait chaud ; il est à la fois légèrement acide et sucré.

Consumo de substâncias ilícitas por adolescentes portugueses

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Carla Neto

2012-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência de consumo de drogas ilícitas em adolescentes e os motivos que os levam a experimentá-las. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 2.499 adolescentes de 17 anos, com base numa coorte designada por EPITeen, iniciada em 2003/2004 com adolescentes nascidos em 1990 que estudavam nas escolas públicas e privadas da cidade do Porto, Portugal. Foi realizada nova avaliação em 2007/2008, sendo recuperados 1.716 adolescentes (79,4% e avaliados 783 novos participantes. Informações sobre características sociais e demográficas, história familiar e pessoal de doença e comportamentos foram obtidas com questionários estruturados autoadministrados. O teste de qui-quadrado foi utilizado para testar as associações. A análise estatística foi realizada no programa informático SPSS® versão 17. RESULTADOS: Dos adolescentes, 14,6% referiram ter experimentado drogas alguma vez na vida. A droga ilícita mais experimentada foi a cannabis (12,5%, seguida pelo álcool em simultâneo com cannabis (5,5% e pelos tranquilizantes (1,7%. A razão mais referida para experimentar drogas foi a curiosidade (77,5%. Os amigos foram a forma mais frequentemente referida para obter a droga e a escola era vista por 24,2% dos adolescentes como um local em que se podia comprar cannabis. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados fundamentam a necessidade de intervir em idades precoces e sugerem que essa intervenção deve ser integrada com estratégias dirigidas a outros comportamentos de risco, nomeadamente em meio escolar.

Il est beau le lavabo, il est laid le bidet

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nølke, Henning

1998-01-01

Artiklen analyserer dislokering af subjektet på fransk. Der skelnes mellem tre hovedtyper: venstredislokering med og uden intonationsbrud og højre dislokering. I alle tilfælde indeholder sætningskernen principielt en pronominel kopi af subjektet. Det påvises, at de tre typer svarer til tre forske...

La parole est à vous

CERN Multimedia

Staff Association

2015-01-01

Nous avons identifié, ci-dessous, 3 grands chapitres pour lesquelles bon nombre d’entre vous se posent des questions et ont fréquemment sollicités leurs délégués, qui n’ont pas toujours pu donner de réponses : La retraite et sa préparation. L’affiliation aux régimes sécurité sociale de nos états hôtes et ses conséquences au moment de la retraite. La fiscalité en général. Le service juridique, que nous avons interrogé récemment, n’est pas toujours informé de vos interrogations et de ce fait, il n’a pas encore pu investiguer sur ces questions auprès des services compétents. Il nous a suggéré de vous interroger afin de collecter vos questions, de les synthétiser, afin de les transmettre...

1 1) Pourquoi est-ce que je ne parviens pas à ouvrir les formulaires ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

IDRC CRDI

Faites vos calculs avec soin car votre demande pourrait ne pas être admissible.) 6) Existe-t-il une liste de pays admissibles dans lesquels mon établissement ou organisme est autorisé à travailler ou à avoir des partenaires ? Non, le CRDI n'a rien de tel; cependant, il ne soutient des travaux que dans les pays à faible.

Análise Comparativa do Equilíbrio Quase Estático entre Praticantes de Muay-Thai de Diferentes Níveis de Aprendizado

OpenAIRE

Brigida, Patricia Aparecida; Possamai, Fernando; Nascimento Júnior, José Roberto Andrade do; Jacob, Weslei; Oliveira, Daniel Vicentini de

2016-01-01

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar e comparar o equilíbrio quase estático de praticantes de Muay-Thai de diferentes níveis de aprendizado. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, no qual a amostra foi constituída de 20 praticantes de Muay-Thai, sendo 10 do Grupo Iniciante e 10 do Grupo Avançado de aprendizagem da modalidade. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta de dados foi a plataforma de força da marca EMG System do Brasil, modelo Biomec 4000. O protocolo aplicado foi a Estabilometria. Cad...

Le facteur humain. Réinventer notre rapport à la technologie de Vicente

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Jacques Leplat

2005-11-01

Full Text Available Kim Vicente est connu du milieu ergonomique pour son très bon ouvrage « Cognitive work analysis » qui manifeste à la fois son expertise et son talent pédagogique. Ingénieur de formation, il a enseigné ensuite à l’université en tant que « professeur en ingénierie des facteurs humains ». Professeur invité au MIT et conseiller à la NASA, il est l’auteur de nombreuses publications de recherche qu’on rangerait dans l’ergonomie cognitive. Le présent ouvrage, qu’il a publié en anglais en 2003, est d...

Prime note sulla tutela penale dei culti nei Paesi dell’Est Europa

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Giovanni Cimbalo

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Testo della relazione tenuta al Convegno “La Carta e la Corte” (Ferrara, 27 ottobre 2007 destinata alla pubblicazione negli Atti. SOMMARIO: 1. Alcune considerazioni preliminari sullo status delle Confessioni religiose nei paesi dell’Est Europa - 2. I nuovi orientamenti del diritto penale nell’Est Europa - 3. Le norme statali in materia di tutela penale dei culti e del sentimento religioso. 3. Le norme penali relative ai culti e a al sentimento religioso prima del 1992 nei Paesi dell’Est Europa - 4. Tipologie e tecniche legislative di tutela penale dei culti dopo il 1992 nei Paesi dell’Est Europa - 5. Alcune sommarie considerazioni.

Estágio Supervisionado Educação Infantil III

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Orlanda Oliveira Bueno

2011-07-01

Full Text Available ResumoEste relatório é resultado do estágio de docência em educação infantil III sob a orientação da Professora Sandra Luzia Wrobel Straub da professora. MS. Lenita Korbes do curso de pedagogia da Unemat, Campus de Sinop/MT. Foi realizado as observações nos dias 29/ 30/ 31/de Novembro de 2013 e a regência entre os dias05/11/2013 á 15/11/ 2012 dando um total de 52 horas de estágio no CMEI as restantes das horas foram na UNEMAT e as professoras deram os encaminhamentos e sanaram as dúvidas, O está localizado na Avenida, André Maggi no jardim São Paulo; nos períodos matutino e vespertino, com uma turma de creche II.  Nas datas 08/09/05/2013 retornamos a universidade onde as professoras Sandra Luzia Wrobel Straub e a prof. MS. Lenita Korbes contribuíram na elaboração do plano de aula, Com carga horária total de 76 horas. Tendo como objetivo aprimorar a prática de ensinar as crianças em sala de aula e de compreender como ocorre a ação pedagógica na Educação Infantil, com crianças deidade entre 4 e 5 anos de idade, seguindo um planejamento que cumpriu com o regimento interno da Creche e que foi elaborado de acordo com as fontes teóricas trabalhados no decorrer do curso de pedagogia, na universidade aconteceu à socialização onde trocamos as experiências obtidas durante os estágios e enceramos com uma confraternização.  Palavras-chave: ação pedagógica, teoria/prática e educação infantil.

Mimesis e il giallo

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Minne de Boer

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Recensione di: Ilaria Marzia Orsini, Donne in giallo: la detective story tra genere e gender, Milano/Udine, Mimesis/DeGenere – USB Ultra Slim Books, 2014, 128 p., ISBN: 97888575245680, € 11,00. Bruna Durante, Specchio delle mie trame: la vita secondo dieci scrittori italiani. Con interviste a Eraldo Baldini, Gianni Biondillo, Giancarlo De Cataldo, Giorgio Faletti, Marcello Fois, Carlo Lucarelli, Raul Montanari, Santo Piazzese, Andrea G. Pinketts, Gaetano Savatteri, Milano/Udine, Mimesis/DeGenere, 2014, 180 p., ISBN: 9788857518176, € 13,60.Carlo Oliva, Giallo popolare: il poliziesco alla radio, a cura di Nicoletta Di Ciolla e Nicoletta Vallorani, Milano/Udine, Mimesis/DeGenere, 2013, 150 p., ISBN: 9788857518183, € 12,00.

Afinal, quem foi Sacher-Masoch?

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Cassandra Pereira França

2012-06-01

Full Text Available O artigo pretende aprofundar o conhecimento a respeito do masoquismo, resgatando dados da biografia e da obra de Sacher-Masoch, com base na leitura de Gilles Deleuze. Lendo A Vênus das peles, constata-se que Sacher-Masoch explicita os aspectos formal, estético e contratual do masoquismo, propostos por Deleuze. Justifica-se a importância de se ler diretamente a obra de Masoch para se ter acesso a aspectos da lógica do masoquismo que não têm sido levados em conta nos estudos sobre o tema.

La Comunità Energetica del Sud Est Europa quale fattore di stabilità nell’area Balcanica

OpenAIRE

Massari, Saverio Francesco

2012-01-01

Il lavoro cerca di valutare il possibile ruolo della Comunità Energetica del Sud Est Europa quale fattore di stabilita’ nell’area Balcanica. Il Trattato fondativo della Comunita’ assegna a questa l’obiettivo di condurre una cooperazione in campo energetico al fine diffondere istituzioni e normative condivise, quali elementi di superamento del conflitto: tuttavia, sono molti gli ostacoli posti su questo cammino sia di natura interna alla regione che esterna, per l’influenza di fattori e poter...

A Deficiência de vitamina d está associada com níveis aumentados de il-17 e tnfα em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca crônica

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Milena Milovanovic

2012-03-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Estudos recentes revelaram uma forte associação entre o estado de vitamina D (VD e a insuficiência cardíaca crônica (ICC. Hoje, é normalmente aceito que a resposta imune pró-inflamatória é subjacente ao desenvolvimento de ICC. OBJETIVO: Uma vez que a VD possui propriedades anti-inflamatórias, pesquisamos o seu impacto sobre as citocinas envolvidas na ICC, como TNFα e IL-17, em pacientes portadores de ICC. MÉTODOS: Foi extraído sangue de quarenta pacientes com ICC secundária à hipertensão arterial e/ou doença coronariana. Os níveis de VD status, IL-17 e TNFαforam avaliados através de 25-hidroxi VD3 EIA e ELISA de citocinas. Também foram realizadas avaliação clínica e ecocardiograma. RESULTADOS: Pacientes idosos com ICC em Nis (Sudeste da Europa, latitude 43ºN apresentaram níveis de 25-hidroxi VD3 abaixo do normal. Nossos dados demonstraram que pacientes com ICC secundária à hipertensão arterial têm níveis significativamente menores de 25-hidroxi VD3, e maiores de TNFαe IL-17A, se comparados com os níveis de pacientes com ICC secundária à doença coronariana. CONCLUSÃO: É demonstrado aqui que, mesmo em regiões com muitos dias ensolarados a deficiência de VD é motivo de preocupação. Os dados sugerem que o déficit de VD contribui para os elevados níveis de IL-17 e TNFα e, assim, contribuir ao desenvolvimento de ICC.

Des bruits qu'on ne peut retenir

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Brigitte Denker-Bercoff

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Le conte sénégalais « N'Gor Niébé » met en évidence une affinité entre le potin et le pet, que dénominations et expressions figées confirment en anglais comme en français. L'hypothèse est que le potin est l'équivalent d'une parole de sphincter, bassement corporelle par son contenu, son fonctionnement et sa fonction sociale. Tout comme le pet, il est à la fois vide, inconvenant et vital. S'il agit comme un régulateur entre pouvoir de l'individu et pouvoir de la communauté, il demande lui-même à être régulé.

Georges Lemaître et la théorie du big bang qu'y avait-t-il au commencement de l'univers ?

CERN Document Server

Landa, Pauline

2015-01-01

Découvrez enfin tout ce qu'il faut savoir sur Georges Lemaître et ses inventions en moins d'une heure !L'origine de l'univers, voilà une problématique qui a tenu en haleine de très nombreux scientifiques. Alors que l'on pourrait croire que l'homme s'est posé cette question depuis la nuit des temps, il n'en est rien. C'est Georges Lemaître, un prêtre belge et grand astrophysicien, qui le premier cherche à dater l'univers et à tenter de découvrir ce qu'il y avait au commencement, alors même que l'ensemble de la communauté scientifique était persuadé qu'il avait toujours exis

Palavras-estímulo favorecedoras para o tratamento do desvio fonológico em onset simples

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Rita Brancalioni

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivos: propor e analisar listas com palavras-estímulo em contextos linguísticos favorecedores para segmentos-alvo na posição de onset simples, utilizando um padrão de programação para pontuar o nível de favorecimento dessas palavras. Métodos: foi desenvolvido um padrão de programação, em linguagem Java, para determinar a pontuação das palavras-estímulo, que considerou o somatório dos pesos atribuídos às variáveis linguísticas: posição na palavra, tonicidade, número de sílabas, contexto precedente e contexto seguinte, para cada segmento-alvo. Foram utilizadas 748 palavras para elaboração de listas de palavras-estímulo para cada segmento-alvo. Todas as palavras-estímulo tiveram sua pontuação de favorecimento calculada a partir do padrão de programação e classificadas quanto ao nível de favorecimento. Resultados: verificou-se que as palavras-estímulo classificadas como favorecedoras (PEF foram as que alcançaram maior pontuação, uma vez que contemplaram os contextos mais favorecedores para produção do segmento-alvo. Contudo não foi necessário que todos os contextos favorecedores fossem privilegiados para as palavras serem classificadas como PEF. Conclusão: o padrão de programação desenvolvido foi eficiente para pontuar o nível de favorecimento das palavras-estímulo. Além disso, deve haver uma preferência por palavras-estímulo favorecedoras, ou que alcançam maior pontuação, porém nem sempre essas palavras são as mais adequadas para o tratamento de qualquer sistema fonológico desviante.

Concentrações de IL-6, TNF-α e MCP-1 em crianças com excesso de massa corporal

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Juliano Magalhães Guedes

2015-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi verificar a relação das concentrações de IL-6, TNF-α e MCP-1 em crianças com excesso de massa corporal. As bases de dados investigadas PUBMED, SciELO, LILACS e Periódico Capes foram consultadas retrospectivamente para os últimos seis anos (2009 a 2014 utilizando combinações de palavras chaves como inflamação, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 combinadas com crianças e escolares. Foram analisados 21 artigos. Foi encontrado associação entre sobrepeso/obesidade com IL-6, TNF-α e MCP-1 em 73,3% (11/15, 80% (12/15 e 60% (3/5 dos estudos que analisaram tais marcadores, respectivamente. Crianças com excesso de massa corporal possuem concentrações elevadas de IL-6, TNF-α e MCP-1 resultando em inflamação sistêmica crônica e aumentando o risco de desenvolvimento de outras doenças cardiovasculares. 

Les régimes internationaux de l’environnement

OpenAIRE

Morin, Jean-Frédéric

2014-01-01

Le concept de « régime international » est utilisé dans tous les domaines des relations internationales. C’est néanmoins en politique internationale de l’environnement qu’il connaît le plus d’écho et qu’il semble le plus fécond. Il permet de rendre compte à la fois de la prolifération exceptionnelle du nombre d’accords multilatéraux sur l’environnement et de l’absence d’organisation multilatérale qui chapeauterait tous ces accords. Cet article passe en revue les débats sur la signification, l...

Lorsque la recherche locale est source de changements véritables ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

18 févr. 2011 ... Les think tanks africains se penchent sur certaines des difficultés les plus ... Lorsque la recherche locale est source de changements véritables en Afrique ... De quel type d'information les acteurs de la sphère politique ont-ils ...

Pharmacogénétique: qu'en est-il au Maroc?

Science.gov (United States)

Idrissi, Meryem Janati; Ouldim, Karim; Amarti, Afaf; El Hassouni, Mohamed; Khabbal, Youssef

2013-01-01

La pharmacogénétique est l’étude de l'influence des variations génétiques interindividuelles sur la réponse aux médicaments, avec le but d'améliorer la prise en charge des patients en visant une médecine personnalisée. Au fait le génome de deux personnes ne diffère que par 0.1% des 3.2 milliards de paires de bases, ce qui implique les effets indésirables des médicaments, qui ont un très important impact sur le plan clinique que sur le plan économique. Or cette dernière décennie ces effets indésirables ont pu être évités grâce aux tests pharmacogénétiques. Au Maroc, la recherche en pharmacogénétique commence à susciter l'intérêt des chercheurs avec quelques études. Une toute première étude en 1986, sur l'acétylation de l'isoniazide chez la population marocaine, suivie par deux autres en 2011 se focalisant sur le métabolisme du tacrolimus et des anti-vitamines K. Ainsi l'espoir maintenant est d'identifier les majoritaires polymorphismes génétiques affectant les patients marocains, afin de leur fournir une prise en charge adaptée. PMID:23785548

En quoi est-ce que cela aidera Veronica ? | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Uganda Post and Telecoms Ltd (UPTL), société d'État. C'est à peu près à ce moment qu'il a accepté le poste de directeur exécutif de la Commission des communications de l'Ouganda (UCC), premier organe indépendant de ...

Supressão condicionada com diferentes estímulos aversivos: choque elétrico e jato de ar quente

OpenAIRE

NASCIMENTO, Gabriela Souza do

2009-01-01

Um estímulo neutro, quando pareado a um estímulo aversivo incondicional, adquire a função de aversivo (condicional) e, indiretamente, também é capaz de suprimir operantes. Tal fenômeno foi denominado de “supressão condicionada” e está principalmente relacionado a certos estados emocionais, como a ansiedade. A literatura mostra que, em geral, o estímulo aversivo incondicional utilizado se restringe ao choque elétrico. Foram poucos os estímulos aversivos alternativos testados que...

Relatório de Estágio Curricular – Randstad, Empresa de Recursos Humanos (Aveiro)

OpenAIRE

Alexandre, Débora

2016-01-01

O presente relatório surge no seguimento do estágio curricular realizado na Randstad – delegação de Aveiro, empresa que atua na área dos Recursos Humanos, para a conclusão da Licenciatura em Gestão de Recursos Humanos do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda. A estagiária pretende apresentar ao leitor um pouco sobre a empresa onde o estágio foi desenvolvido e também a descrição clara das tarefas que teve a oportunidade de desenvolver ao longo dos três meses de estágio. No decorrer do estágio, as...

Noi siamo quello che ricordiamo - Le frazze di Crucoli: il teatro, il rito, il riscatto sociale

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tonia Mingrone

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract - IT Questo lavoro nasce da una ricerca di campo sulle frazze, termine dialettale che indica le farse di Carnevale che si rappresentavano fino a cinquant’anni fa in molti paesi calabresi, tra cui il mio, Crucoli, in provincia di Crotone. Lo scopo di questo lavoro non è fare un resoconto esaustivo di tutto ciò che accadeva a Crucoli durante la celebrazione del Carnevale, impresa assai difficile dal momento che non ci sono documenti scritti e quindi bisogna affidarsi ai racconti orali delle persone intervistate, spesso non fedeli alla realtà, perché modificati dal tempo e dalla memoria. L’approccio con cui ho intrapreso questa ricerca è sicuramente legato all’aspetto teatrale e performativo dell’evento, senza trascurarne la rilevanza antropologica. Il materiale raccolto è frutto di interviste e colloqui con la gente del posto unito ad un grande lavoro di ricerca bibliografica di autori che avevano trattato di questo argomento in relazione ai loro paesi di origine.Lo scopo è quello di delineare l’organizzazione e lo svolgimento delle frazze, cercando di ricostruire la sua durata e le ripercussioni sulla comunità, nonché dimostrare ancora una volta come il teatro, messo a disposizione di alcuni eventi, diventi un mezzo forte di liberazione e di contestazione. Abstract - FR Cet article prend sa naissance par une recherche sur champ concernant les frazze, terme dialectal qui dénote les farces du Carnaval mises en scène jusqu'à il y a cinquante ans dans plusieurs villages en Calabria, entre eux le mien, Crucoli, dans la province de Crotone. La raison de ce travail n'est pas d'accomplir un compte rendu exhaustif de tout ce qui avait lieu à Crucoli pendant la célébration du Carnaval, l'exploit étant très difficile, du moment qu'aucun document écrit a été parvenu et par conséquence il est nécessaire de se remettre aux contes des témoins interviewés, souvent pas fidèles au réel, parce-que détournés par les

Franco Rasetti physicien et naturaliste : (il a dit non à la bombe)

CERN Document Server

Ouellet, Danielle

2000-01-01

Brève biographie d'un physicien italien injustement méconnu, professeur à l'Université Laval de 1939 à 1947. Ayant contribué, dans les années 1930, à des expériences qui ont par la suite mené à la fabrication de la bombe atomique, il s'est retiré du dossier dès qu'il en a compris le danger.

Comportamento anti-inflamatório da IL-6 nos derrames pleurais pós-revascularização do miocárdio*

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

António M.S. Chibante

2007-05-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Introdução: O comportamento pleural pós-cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (PCRM não está devidamente esclarecido em relação à resposta infla-matória local e requer maior interesse por ser uma observação constante e ainda pouco estudada.Objectivo: Avaliar o comportamento de algumas citocinas, em especial o possível papel anti-inflamatório da IL-6 (proteína envolvida na síntese da cortisona, no líquido pleural PCRM, uma vez que a sua actividade pró-inflamatória é constantemente referida, assim como o seu papel de citocina de fase de resposta aguda ao lado do TNF-α e da IL-1β nos processos inflamatórios agudos.Casuística e método: foram estudadas e analisadas pelo método ELISA as citocinas TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF e TGF-β em 16 transudatos e 43 exsudatos de líquido pleural em três tempos da fase aguda (2, 24 e 48 horas PCRM no Instituto do Coração e Serviço de Pneumologia da USP – Brasil.Resultados: Tanto o TNF-α como IL-2 não sofre-ram qualquer tipo de elevação dos seus níveis enquanto os da IL-1β só se elevaram a partir das 24 horas, o que coincidiu com a queda da curva da citocina anti-infla-matória TGF-β, que desde o início foi caindo flagran-temente até aos valores dos transudatos. A IL-8 perma-neceu elevada nas três fases e o VEGF foi ascendendo os seus níveis, que permaneceram estáveis nas 24 e 48 horas seguintes. A IL-6 mostrou-se em concentrações elevadas desde o início, apresentando-se como a úni-ca citocina com potencial anti-inflamatório durante as três fases de avaliação.Conclusões: Concluímos que a citocina IL-6 parece ter papel anti-inflamatório de destaque e superior ao TGF-β nos derrames pleurais PCRM e que o seu comportamento desarticula, pelo menos neste tipo de derrame, a ideia de citocina pr

Pourquoi le Grundgedanke (T. 4.0312 de Wittgenstein est si “Fondamental”?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André Leclerc

1998-12-01

Full Text Available La pensée fondamentale de Wittgenstein affirme que les constantes logiques ne représentent pas, ne fonctionnent pas sémantiquement comme des noms. En apparence triviale, cette pensée, nous le montrerons, à des ramifications étonnantes dans la philosophie du premier Wittgenstein, en particulier en ce qui concerne sa conception de la logique. Notre but est d'interpréter l'aphorisme en question (T. 4.0312 en montrant comment il se rapporte aux thèses et théories les plus importantes du Tractatus, et comment il permet de les faire tenir ensemble d'une façon cohérente, justifiant par là son caractère "fondamental". Nous tentons également d'apporter une réponse aux questions suivantes : les propositions complexes sont-elles encore - comme les propositions atomiques - des "images" de la réalité ? et quelle est cette "logique des faits" dont parle Wittgenstein dans l'aphorisme sous examen ?

Relatório de Estágio Curricular - Catedral Café (Guarda)

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Carvalho, Catarina

2013-01-01

O estágio curricular foi desenvolvido no âmbito do curso de marketing lecionado no Instituto Politécnico da Guarda e foi realizado na empresa Catedralcafé sediada na cidade da Guarda. Teve como principal objetivo complementar a formação académica através do exercício de tarefas e funções práticas no âmbito de marketing. Quanto ao trabalho desenvolvido ao longo dos três meses foram várias as atividades elaboradas das quais se destaca: a criação de eventos, a criação de uma base de dados e a...

Otimização de metodologia PCR-SSP para identificação de polimorfismos genéticos de TNF e IL2 Optimization of the PCR-SSP methodology in the identification of TNF and IL2 genetic polymorphisms

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Danilo A. S. Franceschi

2009-08-01

Full Text Available A análise de polimorfismos únicos de nucleotídeos (SNPs de citocinas pode ser útil em estudos de frequências alélicas e genotípicas em populações saudáveis de diversas regiões, em estudos de associação com doenças infecciosas ou autoimunes, em estudos antropológicos e na evolução pós-transplante. Estes SNPs podem ser avaliados por diferentes métodos moleculares. O objetivo deste estudo foi aperfeiçoar uma metodologia PCR-SSP simples e rápida para a genotipagem de três SNPs de citocinas usando um único teste laboratorial. Para a identificação de IL2-330T/G e IL2+166G/T foram utilizados dois procedimentos na mesma genotipagem, cada um baseado no uso de quatro iniciadores. Para a detecção de TNF-238G/A foram utilizados dois iniciadores que amplificam a guanina e adenina na posição -238. Este estudo permitiu aperfeiçoar um método simples e rápido para identificar três SNPs de citocinas num único teste, podendo ser utilizado em qualquer laboratório de biologia molecular, como alternativa ao uso de kits de alto custo.The analysis of cytokine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs can be useful in studies of allelic and genotypic frequencies in healthy populations from different regions of Brazil, in association studies of infectious or auto-immune diseases, in anthropological studies and in studies on post-transplant evolution. These SNPs can be assessed by different molecular methods. The objective of this study was to improve a simple and fast methodology, PCR-SSP, for the genotyping of three cytokine SNPs using a single laboratorial test. To identify IL2-330T/G and IL2+166G/T, two procedures were used in the same genotyping assay, each one based on the use of 4 primers. To detect TNF-238G/A, two primers were used that amplify guanine and adenine at position -238. This study enabled the improvement of a simple and fast method for identifying three cytokine SNPs in a single test, which can be adopted in any Molecular

Estágio docente: formação profissional, preparação para o ensino ou docência em caráter precário?

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Nathália de Fátima Joaquim

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi construído a partir de um estudo desenvolvido com o intuito de avaliar a viabilidade do estágio docente como alternativa à prática do ensino. O alvo da pesquisa foram os pós-graduandos matriculados no estágio docente durante o ano de 2010 em uma universidade federal situada no Estado de Minas Gerias. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com base no método de estudo de casos em um programa de pós-graduação em Administração e a coleta de dados foi feita por meio de um único questionamento sobre o sentido atribuído pelos pós-graduandos ao desenvolvimento do estágio. Para que fosse possível interpretar os dados coletados, utilizou-se da análise de conteúdo. Por meio da percepção dos pós-graduandos, ressaltaram-se as contribuições, o sentido e as motivações de se realizar o estágio docente. Dessa forma, foi possível identificar a necessidade de se adequar a disciplina em termos práticos para que haja um maior envolvimento de todos os sujeitos e para que os resultados produzidos coletivamente sejam melhores e mais efetivos. Por fim, constatou-se que o processo de formação de professores nos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu demanda uma (reintegração entre teoria e prática, de modo que o envolvimento com o estágio docente pode ser uma forma interessante de se promover a prática do ensino por parte dos pós-graduandos. Além disso, para aqueles que estão mais envolvidos com a pesquisa e com a leitura técnica de textos acadêmicos, a maior motivação apontada foi a redução da distância experimentada entre teoria e prática.

Estágio num laboratório de análises de águas e efluentes

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Queirós, Ana Carolina de Portugal

2015-01-01

Este relatório de estágio foi elaborado no âmbito da unidade curricular dissertação/projeto/estágio do Mestrado em Processos Químicos e Biológicos no Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica (DEQB) no Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra (ISEC). O presente relatório reflete o estágio que decorreu na Associação para a Inovação Tecnológica e Qualidade (AEMITEQ), um laboratório acreditado pelo Instituto Português de Acreditação (IPAC) cuja atividade principal consiste na realizaç...

La bombe à retardement du curé d’Étrépigny

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Jean-Pierre Cavaillé

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Même si l’effort théorique qu’il déploie pour présenter un système philosophique et politique rigoureusement athée est tout à fait considérable, Jean Meslier n’est certes pas le premier des athées de l’histoire, ni « l’inventeur » de l’athéisme, comme on a pu le dire encore récemment. Cependant, il y a bien un avant et un après Meslier. Car son œuvre est à la fois un aboutissement et une rupture, une conclusion et le commencement d’une ère nouvelle qui est encore la nôtre.D’une part, elle est...

Il est temps que le Canada rende la justice accessible à tous | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

école ou qu'on exclut une personne d'un hôpital, les médias ne perdent pas de temps à exposer l'injustice. La privation de soins de santé ou de scolarisation est impensable pour la plupart des Canadiens; pourtant, l'accès à ...

Aux frontières du politique et du religieux

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Frédéric Sylvanise

2006-05-01

Full Text Available The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman met en scène de manière spectaculaire deux figures de leadership noir-américain au XIXe siècle (Ned et au XXe siècle (Jimmy. Ned, fils adoptif de Jane Pittman, se rebaptise Professor Douglass en hommage au leader abolitionniste Frederick Douglass. S’il est fondamentalement laïc (il est instituteur, le texte lui confère néanmoins une dimension religieuse, notamment dans le chapitre intitulé « The Sermon at the River » , qui renvoie à la fois à Moïse (le fleuve et à Jésus (le sermon sur la montagne. Abattu par un tueur à gages, Ned est un martyr dont l’histoire était déjà écrite. Le personnage de Jimmy, attendu par toute une communauté comme le messie (alors que lui aussi est un laïc et un homme qui perd la foi, s’inscrit dans la même histoire. Lettré, éloquent et impliqué dans le mouvement pour les droits civils, il est assassiné comme son prédécesseur. Dans les deux cas, le texte lie donc le politique et le biblique comme s’il ne faisait qu’un : être un leader politique, c’est être un preacher et un messie qui guide le peuple. Il est possible de lire l’évocation de ces deux hommes à la lumière d’une certaine actualité. Ned et Jimmy connaissent en effet un sort proche de celui de Malcolm X et de Martin Luther King, récemment assassinés au moment de l’écriture de The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman. C’est l’histoire de la répression du leadership noir, au travers du portrait de deux de ses avatars, qui peut donc se lire en creux ici.

Une santé branchée

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

C'est cette démarche qui a permis d'inventer le moteur à réaction, d'obtenir la ...... Ils ont démontré que les maladies transmissibles sont à l'origine de 59 p. ..... Le sida est à la fois un problème social et une affection biologique; on ne peut en ...

L'internat affectif ou Dans quelle mesure et sous quelles conditions l'éducateur d'internat au Centre Oriph doit-il et peut-il répondre aux besoins affectifs des adolescents?

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Petrig, Michael; Grau, Christiane

2006-01-01

Dans le conscient collectif, l'internat est réputé pour ses qualités normatives et logistiques. Il n'en est pas de même pour ce qui est des besoins affectifs. Si la famille est synonyme d'amour, de partage et de tendresse, l'internat est plutôt synonyme de discipline, de communauté et d'ordre. Ce sont là des représentations courantes, qui ont aussi été les miennes. L'objet de ce travail, est d'éprouver ces représentations, d'identifier ce qui peut effectivement être offert en internat pour ré...

Controle seletivo do estímulo em uma tarefa de emparelhamento com o modelo com palavras como estímulos compostos: análise de um procedimento de Resposta Diferencial de Observação (DOR) e estímulos com diferenças críticas e múltiplas

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Wegbecher, Samira de Toledo

2012-01-01

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de um procedimento que utilizou Resposta Diferencial De Observação (DOR) e estímulos com diferenças críticas para eliminar o controle seletivo em tarefas de emparelhamento simultâneo com o modelo, realizadas por um participante diagnosticado com transtorno do espectro do autismo. Foram utilizados como estímulos três conjuntos, cada um composto por três palavras formadas por três letras e a última era o elemento crítico ou dif...

IL-22R Ligands IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24 Promote Wound Healing in Diabetic db/db Mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Kolumam, Ganesh; Wu, Xiumin; Lee, Wyne P; Hackney, Jason A; Zavala-Solorio, Jose; Gandham, Vineela; Danilenko, Dimitry M; Arora, Puneet; Wang, Xiaoting; Ouyang, Wenjun

2017-01-01

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are one of the major complications in type II diabetes patients and can result in amputation and morbidity. Although multiple approaches are used clinically to help wound closure, many patients still lack adequate treatment. Here we show that IL-20 subfamily cytokines are upregulated during normal wound healing. While there is a redundant role for each individual cytokine in this subfamily in wound healing, mice deficient in IL-22R, the common receptor chain for IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24, display a significant delay in wound healing. Furthermore, IL-20, IL-22 and IL-24 are all able to promote wound healing in type II diabetic db/db mice. Mechanistically, when compared to other growth factors such as VEGF and PDGF that accelerate wound healing in this model, IL-22 uniquely induced genes involved in reepithelialization, tissue remodeling and innate host defense mechanisms from wounded skin. Interestingly, IL-22 treatment showed superior efficacy compared to PDGF or VEGF in an infectious diabetic wound model. Taken together, our data suggest that IL-20 subfamily cytokines, particularly IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24, might provide therapeutic benefit for patients with DFU.

Estágio Supervisionado em Secretariado Executivo: A Visão do Graduando Concluinte

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Bruno Henrique Lima de Barros

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou compreender a visão do graduando em Secretariado Executivo a respeito da prática do estágio supervisionado nas organizações. Metodologicamente foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva com 26 alunos do curso de Bacharelado em Secretariado Executivo, estagiários, que estão cursando o último período do curso de uma Instituição Privada, no período 2013.2. Aplicou-se um questionário com questões fechadas dividido em dois blocos de perguntas, uma parte de múltiplas escolhas e a outra com escala de likert de cinco pontos onde se abordava o grau de concordância. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da estatística descritiva. Os principais resultados foram: o valor agregador do estágio supervisionado como atividade didático-pedagógica para o graduando, a busca pelo estagiário do curso de Secretariado Executivo por organizações do setor público e a alocação de estagiários para setores mais específicos, permitindo que o estagiário agregue conhecimentos pertinentes à sua área de formação.  Conclui-se que a prática do campo e a formação pedagógica se mostram convergentes, bem como os graduados se mostras satisfeitos com a atuação supervisionada. 

AcEST: BP917685 [AcEST

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ra... 262 7e-69 tr|Q1PWY3|Q1PWY3_9BACT Strongly similar to ATP-dependent proteas... 262 7e-69 tr|B5IL34...|B5IL34_9CHRO ATP-dependent chaperone ClpB OS=Cyanobium... 262 7e-69 >tr|Q9LF37|Q9LF37

Nikita Il'ič Tolstoj: K 90-letiju so dnja roždenija

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Plotnikova Anna A.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available V svjazi s 90-letiem akademika Nikity Il'iča Tolstogo v 2013 godu v ego čest' v Rossii, Serbii i Avstrii prošli slavističeskie konferencii, organizovannye spodvižnikami i učenikami velikogo filologa. Očerk posvjaščen žizni, dejatel'nosti i osnovnoj problematike etnolingvističeskih i fol'klornyh rabot Nikity Il'iča Tolstogo.

Non est hic. Le cas exemplaire de la protection du fugitif

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Jean-Pierre Cavaillé

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Le cas dont je voudrais ici esquisser l’histoire et montrer quelques uns des enjeux, est surtout, sinon exclusivement connu, aujourd’hui encore, dans la version proposée par Benjamin Constant pour mettre en évidence une conséquence nécessaire et selon lui inacceptable de la morale kantienne. Constant en effet écrit, dans ces Réactions politiques, publiées en 1797 : Le principe moral […] que dire la vérité est un devoir, s’il était pris d’une manière absolue et isolée, rendrait toute société i...

Eraldo Affinati. Il "peregrin d'amore" sulle tracce di Bonhoeffer

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Daniela Orsillo

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Daniela Orsillo, authoress of this paper, in December 2014 presented and discussed her Thesis in order to obtain the Licenza Degree in Religious Sciences in the Higher Institute of Religious Sciences “San Roberto Bellarmino” of Capua. The work, entitled Bonhoeffer: il percorso di una vita nella scrittura di un letterato contemporaneo, Eraldo Affinati, was provided, in the Appendix, with an interview with the Roman writer. This interview is published here, preceded by a brief summary of the work of Affinati placed at the center of the Orsillo’s Thesis.L’auteur de ce papier, Daniela Orsillo, en Décembre 2014 a présenté et a discuté sa thèse pour l’obtention du diplôme de Licence canonique en Sciences Religieuses dans l’Institut Superieur de Sciences Religieuses “S. Roberto Bellarmino” de Capua. L’ouvrage, intitulé Bonhoeffer: il percorso di una vita nella scrittura di un letterato contemporaneo, Eraldo Affinati, a été assorti d’un entretien avec M. Affinati. Est publié ici l’entretien, précédée par un bref résumé du texte de M. Affinati qui est au centre de la thèse de M.me Orsillo.L'autrice di questo scritto, Daniela Orsillo, ha presentato nel Dicembre 2014 la sua Tesi per l'ottenimento della Licenza Canonica in Scienze Religiose nell'Istituto Superiore di Scienze Religiose "S: Roberto Bellarmino" di Capua (CE. L'opera, dal titolo Bonhoeffer: il percorso di una vita nella scrittura di un letterato contemporaneo, Eraldo Affinati, aveva in appendice un'intervista con l'Affinati. Qui viene pubblicato il testo dell'intervista, preceduto da un breve riassunto delle idee di Affinati intorno alle quali si è dipanato il lavoro della Tesi.

Th-17 regulatory cytokines IL-21, IL-23, and IL-6 enhance neutrophil production of IL-17 cytokines during asthma.

Science.gov (United States)

Halwani, Rabih; Sultana, Asma; Vazquez-Tello, Alejandro; Jamhawi, Amer; Al-Masri, Abeer A; Al-Muhsen, Saleh

2017-11-01

In a subset of severe asthma patients, chronic airway inflammation is associated with infiltration of neutrophils, Th-17 cells and elevated expression of Th-17-derived cytokines (e.g., interleukin [IL]-17, IL-21, IL-22). Peripheral neutrophils from allergic asthmatics are known to express higher IL-17 cytokine levels than those from healthy subjects, but the regulatory mechanisms involved are not well understood. We hypothesize that Th-17 regulatory cytokines could modulate IL-17 expression in neutrophils. Peripheral blood neutrophils isolated from asthmatics were stimulated with IL-21, IL-23, and IL-6 cytokines and their ability to produce IL-17A and IL-17F was determined relative to healthy controls. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation levels were measured in stimulated neutrophil using flow cytometry. The requirement for STAT3 phosphorylation was determined by blocking its activation using a specific chemical inhibitor. Stimulating asthmatic neutrophils with IL-21, 23, and 6 enhanced the production of IL-17A and IL-17F at significantly higher levels comparatively to healthy controls. Stimulating neutrophils with IL-21, IL-23, and IL-6 cytokines enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation, in all cases. Interestingly, inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation using a specific chemical inhibitor dramatically blocked the ability of neutrophils to produce IL-17, demonstrating that STAT3 activation is the major factor mediating IL-17 gene expression. These findings suggest that neutrophil infiltration in lungs of severe asthmatics may represent an important source of pro-inflammatory IL-17A and -F cytokines, a production enhanced by Th-17 regulatory cytokines, and thus providing a feedback mechanism that sustains inflammation. Our results suggest that STAT3 pathway could be a potential target for regulating neutrophilic inflammation during severe asthma.

Relatório de Estágio Curricular – Aleluia Cerâmicas, S.A (Aveiro)

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Pimenta, Cláudia

2011-01-01

O desenvolvimento do Estágio curricular foi realizado na empresa Aleluia Cerâmicas S.A. e teve a duração de 3 meses, 400horas. A estagiária teve oportunidade de conhecer de perto a realidade empresarial, experimentada em duas empresas do Grupo, na Ceramic e na Aleluia (sede da empresa), esta experiência que permitiu desenvolver mais competências, cimentando e evoluindo para além daquelas que foi adquirindo ao longo da sua formação académica. Foram desenvolvidas atividades variadas, entr...

IL-6/IL-12 Cytokine Receptor Shuffling of Extra- and Intracellular Domains Reveals Canonical STAT Activation via Synthetic IL-35 and IL-39 Signaling.

Science.gov (United States)

Floss, D M; Schönberg, M; Franke, M; Horstmeier, F C; Engelowski, E; Schneider, A; Rosenfeldt, E M; Scheller, J

2017-11-09

IL-35 and IL-39 are recently discovered shared members of the IL-6- and IL-12-type cytokine family with immune-suppressive capacity. IL-35 has been reported to induce the formation of four different receptor complexes: gp130:IL-12β2, gp130:gp130, IL-12β2:IL-12β2, and IL-12β2:WSX-1. IL-39 was proposed to form a gp130:IL-23R receptor complex. IL-35, but not IL-39, has been reported to activate non-conventional STAT signaling, depending on the receptor complex and target cell. Analyses of IL-35 and IL-39 are, however, hampered by the lack of biologically active recombinant IL-35 and IL-39 proteins. Therefore, we engineered chimeric cytokine receptors to accomplish synthetic IL-35 and IL- 39 signaling by shuffling the extra- and intracellular domains of IL-6/IL-12-type cytokine receptors, resulting in biological activity for all previously described IL-35 receptor complexes. Moreover, we found that the proposed IL-39 receptor complex is biologically active and discovered two additional biologically active synthetic receptor combinations, gp130/IL-12Rβ1 and IL-23R/IL-12Rβ2. Surprisingly, synthetic IL-35 activation led to more canonical STAT signaling of all receptor complexes. In summary, our receptor shuffling approach highlights an interchangeable, modular domain structure among IL-6- and IL-12-type cytokine receptors and enabled synthetic IL-35 and IL-39 signaling.

A Deficiência de vitamina d está associada com níveis aumentados de il-17 e tnfα em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca crônica La deficiencia de vitamina D está asociada a niveles aumentados de IL-17 y Tnfα en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica Vitamin d deficiency is associated with increased il-17 and tnfα levels in patients with chronic heart failure

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Milena Milovanovic

2012-03-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Estudos recentes revelaram uma forte associação entre o estado de vitamina D (VD e a insuficiência cardíaca crônica (ICC. Hoje, é normalmente aceito que a resposta imune pró-inflamatória é subjacente ao desenvolvimento de ICC. OBJETIVO: Uma vez que a VD possui propriedades anti-inflamatórias, pesquisamos o seu impacto sobre as citocinas envolvidas na ICC, como TNFα e IL-17, em pacientes portadores de ICC. MÉTODOS: Foi extraído sangue de quarenta pacientes com ICC secundária à hipertensão arterial e/ou doença coronariana. Os níveis de VD status, IL-17 e TNFαforam avaliados através de 25-hidroxi VD3 EIA e ELISA de citocinas. Também foram realizadas avaliação clínica e ecocardiograma. RESULTADOS: Pacientes idosos com ICC em Nis (Sudeste da Europa, latitude 43ºN apresentaram níveis de 25-hidroxi VD3 abaixo do normal. Nossos dados demonstraram que pacientes com ICC secundária à hipertensão arterial têm níveis significativamente menores de 25-hidroxi VD3, e maiores de TNFαe IL-17A, se comparados com os níveis de pacientes com ICC secundária à doença coronariana. CONCLUSÃO: É demonstrado aqui que, mesmo em regiões com muitos dias ensolarados a deficiência de VD é motivo de preocupação. Os dados sugerem que o déficit de VD contribui para os elevados níveis de IL-17 e TNFα e, assim, contribuir ao desenvolvimento de ICC.FUNDAMENTO: Estudios recientes revelaron una fuerte asociación entre el estado de la vitamina D (VD y la insuficiencia cardíaca crónica (ICC. Hoy, es normalmente aceptado que la respuesta inmune pro-inflamatoria es subyacente al desarrollo de ICC. OBJETIVO: Una vez que la VD posee propiedades antiinflamatorias, investigamos su impacto sobre las citocinas envueltas en la ICC, como TNFα y IL-17, en pacientes portadores de ICC. MÉTODOS: Fue extraída sangre de cuarenta pacientes con ICC secundaria a la hipertensión arterial y/o enfermedad coronaria. Los niveles de VD status, IL

Ferdinand Buisson (1841-1932 educador e pacifista: as influências libertárias de James Guillaume e Paul Rodin

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Martine Brunet

2012-07-01

Full Text Available  Ferdinand Buisson foi uma grande figura da Terceira República. Alto funcionário da instrução pública, professor de pedagogia na Sorbonne, deputado do partido radical e radical-socialista, recebeu o Prêmio Nobel da Paz em 1927. Suas atividades foram numerosas e imensas, tanto no âmbito religioso como político e pedagógico; ao longo de sua vida, esses três campos estiveram interpenetrados. Muito cedo ingressou na vida pública, e notabilizou-se pela tomada de posições radicais contra a guerra, participando dos primeiros congressos da Liga da Paz e da Liberdade, na Suíça. Desde a queda do Império, participou da vida política da municipalidade do 17° arrondissement de Paris, que tinha como adjunto do prefeito o anarquista Benoit Malon. Buisson entrou na Guarda Nacional, participou ativamente das iniciativas políticas e sociais da municipalidade. Foi co-fundador do jornal anarquista A República dos Trabalhadores, com Aristide Rey, os irmãos e Benoit Malon. Foi durante a guerra e o sítio em Paris que fundou um orfanato. Esse estabelecimento laico recebia subsídios da Internacional e ministrava uma educação integral. resultante das idéias anarquistas de Paul Robin. Após a derrota da Comnna, o orfanato foi transferido para Cempuis, na região do Oise. Em 1879, Ferdinand Buisson foi nomeado diretor do ensino primário, chamou a Paul Robin para dirigir o orfanato segundo os métodos da educação libertária. O estabelecimento e seu diretor são violentamente atacados pelos reacionários católicos. A experiência inovadora de Cempuis terminou em 1894.Palavras-chave: educação libertária, liberdade, pacifismo.   Résumé Ferdinand Buisson est une grande figure de la Troisieme République. Haut fonctionnaire de l'instruction publique, professeur de pédagogie à Ia Sorbonne, député du parti radical et radical-socialiste, il reçut en 1927 le prix Nobel de la Paix. Ses activités furent nombreuses et immenses, à Ia fois

Relatório de Estágio Curricular – ARL, Construções S.A.

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Ramos, Sofia

2011-01-01

Ao longo das 540h de estágio aumentei o meu nível de aprendizagem. Apesar de já ter algum conhecimento na área fiquei muito satisfeita com o decorrer do estágio. As primeiras semanas, na empresa, foram para me integrar tanto com as equipas de trabalho como com a organização de trabalho. Foi fácil esta integração devido á experiência que já possuía. Após essa integração o meu supervisor de estágio colocou-me numa obra com uma equipa de trabalho onde pode aplicar todo o conhecimento teórico adq...

Relatório de Estágio Curricular – Randstad, Empresa de Recursos Humanos (Aveiro)

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Grilo, Dina

2015-01-01

O estágio curricular foi realizado na Randstad, na delegação de Aveiro, tendo uma duração aproximada de 3 meses. As atividades desenvolvidas no referido estágio foram enquadradas em três áreas complementares entre si: Gestão de clientes e colaboradores; Recrutamento e seleção; e a Gestão Administrativa de Recursos Humanos. Na gestão de clientes e colaboradores, as atividades desenvolvidas consistiram no atendimento telefónico e presencial de clientes e de colaboradores, entre outras. N...

Formação de classes funcionais de estímulos musicais

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Alex Roberto Machado

2009-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste experimento foi verificar o efeito do treino discriminativo sobre a formação de classes funcionais de melodias em andamentos e modos diferentes. Nove estudantes universitários do 2° período da graduação em Psicologia foram divididos em três grupos: Modo, Andamento ou Misto. O software SomPsi, produzido especialmente para este estudo, treinou os participantes e gerou relatórios com informações sobre os desempenhos, nas quatro fases do procedimento. O treino proposto mostrou-se eficiente para a formação das classes funcionais de estímulos sonoros musicais. Observou-se que agrupamentos de estímulos pela propriedade andamento foram mais facilmente discriminados que os agrupados pela melodia. A manipulação combinada das duas propriedades, em condição convergente, permitiu desempenho superior dos participantes. A rápida formação de classes funcionais e equivalentes de estímulos musicais, a partir de procedimentos de ensino automatizado de relações condicionais entre estímulos musicais, indica a possibilidade de uso desse procedimento na iniciação à música.

Asie du Sud-Est : enjeu régional ou enjeu mondial ?, Hugues Tertrais

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Laurent Gédéon

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Dans Asie du Sud-Est : enjeu régional ou enjeu mondial ?, Hugues Tertrais se livre à une analyse précise de la situation en Asie du sud-est au regard de la crise économique qui a secoué cette région du monde en 1997 et de ses conséquences. Soulignant la fragmentation de cet espace politique, caractérisé par sa très grande diversité culturelle et linguistique, l’auteur rappelle qu’il s’est édifié sur l’ancienne ligne de fracture entre monde chinois et puissances européennes, tout d’abord, puis...

Voces actuales en el fenómeno de pasantes de drogas ilícitas en Colombia

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Galia J. Benítez

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Este documento se deriva del análisis realizado a las narrativas de los pasantes de drogas ilícitas denominados popularmente como “mulas”; de manera especial, resalta su mirada localizada sobre el fenómeno del tráfico ilegal de drogas en Colombia. El escrito tiene como objetivo: primero, caracterizar la multiplicidad de conceptos que se utilizan para describir este fenómeno y proponer una definición que abarque diferentes acepciones, y segundo, presentar categorías conceptuales que se desprenden de las narrativas de los pasantes de drogas. Como metodología se utilizó el análisis de contenido, para describir, sistematizar y analizar los testimonios voluntarios de 42 personas imputadas y condenadas como pasantes de drogas ilícitas en Colombia. Esta investigación argumenta que uno de los elementos para entender el fenómeno de los pasantes de drogas ilícitas y su experiencia es su condición de vulnerabilidad. Por un lado, los pasantes ocupan un lugar periférico en las organizaciones narcotraficantes; por otro, son altamente vulnerables al sistema socio-técnico establecido por el Estado para prevenir el transporte de drogas ilícitas. Este estudio muestra que las narrativas de los pasantes de drogas se pueden categorizar en cuatro dicotomías, que sirven como elementos retóricos para la ruptura del binario legalidad/ilegalidad.

CIDO 2015 : Présentation du potentiel économique et social des ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

22 juin 2015 ... Pour empêcher une récidive, ils ont lancé le projet Una Hakika, ce qui en swahili signifie « Êtes-vous sûr? » Le projet invite les habitants du delta de ... Ce qui est important, c'est que le projet Una Hakika met les résultats de ses vérifications à la disposition de tous. L'objectif est à la fois de désamorcer les ...

IL-6 enhances plasma IL-1ra, IL-10, and cortisol in humans

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Steensberg, Adam; Fischer, Christian Philip; Keller, Charlotte

2003-01-01

compared with saline infusion. In addition, C-reactive protein increased 3 h post-rhIL-6 infusion and was further elevated 16 h later compared with saline infusion. rhIL-6 induced increased levels of plasma cortisol and, consequently, an increase in circulating neutrophils and a decrease in the lymphocyte......-alpha, enhances the levels not only of IL-1ra but also of IL-10. Furthermore, IL-6 induces an increase in cortisol and, consequently, in neutrocytosis and late lymphopenia to the same magnitude and with the same kinetics as during exercise, suggesting that muscle-derived IL-6 has a central role in exercise...

Qu’est-ce qu’un “ ethnonyme ” ?

OpenAIRE

Erikson, Philippe

2005-01-01

Fin 1984, à l’époque où, apprenti ethnologue, je m’apprêtais à effectuer mon premier séjour sur le terrain, il ne faisait aucun doute que je me rendais chez des gens qui s’appelaient “ les Matis ”. Tant pour la communauté scientifique que pour les autorités gouvernementales, telle était la désignation officielle de ce groupe d’alors cent neuf amérindiens récemment contacté dans la région des sources du rio Itui, dans le bassin du Javari, à l’ouest de l’Amazonie brésilienne. Une fois sur place...

Internalization of interleukin 1 (IL 1) correlates with IL 1-induced IL 2 receptor expression and IL 2 secretion of EL4 thymoma cells

OpenAIRE

Von Hoegen, I.; Falk, Werner; Kojouharoff, G.; Krammer, P. H.

1989-01-01

The cytokine interleukin 1 (IL 1) plays an important role in the induction of IL 2 secretion and high-affinity IL 2 receptor (IL 2R) expression by T cells. The events that follow binding of IL 1 to IL 1R, however, are still unknown. In this study we describe two variants of the murine thymoma EL4 (5D3 and D6/76) that express comparable numbers of cell surface IL 1 receptors and bind IL 1 with the same affinity, but show distinct IL 1-dependent IL 2 secretion and IL 2R expression. In the prese...

Les dimensions religieuses de la Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen de 1789

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Lucien Scubla

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Les droits et les dieux n’étaient pas autrefois des choses différentes.G. Vico, Origine de la poésie et du droit, p. 172. Tremblez ennemis de la France,Rois ivres de sang et d’orgueil.Le peuple souverain s’avance :Tyrans descendez au cercueil.Le chant du départ. La Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen du 26 août 1789 est un texte à la fois très bref et très dense. Il est bref parce qu’il a été conçu pour être saisi, comme le Décalogue, d’un seul coup d’œil. Mais sa concision même l...

A READING OF ANTONIO TABUCCHI'S IL FILO DELL'ORIZZONTE

African Journals Online (AJOL)

User

modernist antihero2. He consequently never expresses faith in any totalizing master narrative nor in the Reason that explains and justifies it (“Il mondo è mondo / per essere dubitato”, 1988: 30). 1. “La muerte es vida vivida, / la vida es muerte que viene” (Obra poética, 1964: 122). “La ciudad está en mí como un poema / que ...

Clinical significance of determination of changes of serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-18 levels after treatment in patients with chronic renal diseases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Congjiang; Li Fen; Zhang Lei; Liu Jianhua

2008-01-01

Objective: To explore the changes of serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-18 levels after treatment in patients with chronic renal diseases. Methods: Serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 levels were determined with RIA and IL-18 levels with ELISA in 32 patients with chronic renal diseases both before and after treatment as well as in 35 controls. Results: Before treatment the serum IL -6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-18 levels were significantly higher in the patients than those in controls (P<0.01). After 6 months of treatment, the levels though dropped markedly remained significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusion: Levels of serum IL-6, IL- 8, IL-10 and IL-18 increased significantly in patients with chronic renal diseases, especially in those advanced cases. (authors)

Lipoperoxidação, perda de viabilidade celular e diminuição da liberação de IL-8 de neutrófilos humanos na presença de corpos cetônicos

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MIRIANE COSTA GILENO

2010-06-01

Full Text Available

Portadores de diabetes tipo-1 são acometidos por episódios freqüentes de acidose causada pelo aumento no metabolismo de ácido graxos com conseqüente acúmulo de acetoacetato (AcAc e β-hidroxibutirato (β -OB. Neste trabalho estudou-se o efeito de concentrações patológicas destes metabólitos na lipoperoxidação, viabilidade e liberação da quimiocina CXCL8 (IL-8 por neutrófilos em cultura. Neutrófilos de indivíduos saudáveis foram isolados por gradiente de densidade (Histopaque 1077/1119 e incubados com os corpos cetônicos. A lipoperoxidação foi determinada pela presença de substâncias reagentes ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS. A viabilidade celular foi avaliada pela liberação da enzima lactato desidrogenase. A liberação de CXCL8 para o meio extracelular foi medida após cultura de 24 horas de neutrófilos estimulados por zymosan opsonizado por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA. O AcAc causou um aumento na lipoperoxidação dos neutrófilos e este efeito foi dependente da sua concentração (p < 0.05; r = 0.99146; não se observou efeito do β-HOB. No estudo do efeito citotóxico, houve aumento dose-dependente da liberação da LDH até 40 mM de AcAc (p < 0.05; não se observou efeito do β-HOB. A liberação de CXCL8 foi suprimida de modo dose dependente por AcAc e β-HOB. Estes resultados sugerem que o acúmulo de corpos cetônicos pode contribuir para aumentar o tempo de remissão de doenças e mesmo estar relacionado com a gravidade destas em indivíduos diabéticos. Palavras-chave: Acetoacetato. Lipoperoxidação. Neutrófilos. Interleucina-8. Diabetes mellitus. ABSTRACT Lipoperoxidation, loss of cell viability and inhibition of release of IL-8 BY human neutrophils in the presence of ketone bodies Type-1 diabetes patients suffer from frequent episodes of acidosis caused by an increased fatty acid metabolism and consequently increased plasma level of acetoacetate (AcAc and β-hydroxybutyrate (�

IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-13 modulate responsiveness of human airway smooth muscle cells to IL-13

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Michoud Marie-Claire

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background IL-13 is a critical mediator of allergic asthma and associated airway hyperresponsiveness. IL-13 acts through a receptor complex comprised of IL-13Rα1 and IL-4Rα subunits with subsequent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6. The IL-13Rα2 receptor may act as a decoy receptor. In human airway smooth muscle (HASM cells, IL-13 enhances cellular proliferation, calcium responses to agonists and induces eotaxin production. We investigated the effects of pre-treatment with IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-γ on the responses of HASM cells to IL-13. Methods Cultured HASM were examined for expression of IL-13 receptor subunits using polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Effects of cytokine pre-treatment on IL-13-induced cell responses were assessed by looking at STAT6 phosphorylation using Western blot, eotaxin secretion and calcium responses to histamine. Results IL-13Rα1, IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα2 subunits were expressed on HASM cells. IL-13 induced phosphorylation of STAT6 which reached a maximum by 30 minutes. Pre-treatment with IL-4, IL-13 and, to a lesser degree, IFN-γ reduced peak STAT6 phosphorylation in response to IL-13. IL-13, but not IFN-γ, pre-treatment abrogated IL-13-induced eotaxin secretion. Pre-treatment with IL-4 or IL-13 abrogated IL-13-induced augmentation of the calcium transient evoked by histamine. Cytokine pre-treatment did not affect expression of IL-13Rα1 and IL-4Rα but increased expression of IL-13Rα2. An anti-IL-13Rα2 neutralizing antibody did not prevent the cytokine pre-treatment effects on STAT6 phosphorylation. Cytokine pre-treatment increased SOCS-1, but not SOCS-3, mRNA expression which was not associated with significant increases in protein expression. Conclusion Pre-treatment with IL-4 and IL-13, but not IFN-γ, induced desensitization of the HASM cells to IL-13 as measured by eotaxin secretion and calcium transients to histamine

IL-33 Enhanced the Proliferation and Constitutive Production of IL-13 and IL-5 by Fibrocytes

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Hisako Hayashi

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Interleukin-33 appears to play important roles in the induction of allergic airway inflammation. However, whether IL-33 is involved in airway remodeling remains unclear. Because fibrocytes contribute to tissue remodeling in the setting of chronic inflammation, we examined the effects of IL-33 on fibrocyte functions. Fibrocytes were generated in vitro from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by culturing in the presence of platelet derived growth factors and the cells were stimulated with IL-33. IL-33 enhanced cell proliferation, α-SMA expression, and pro-MMP-9 activity by the fibrocytes without increasing endogenous transforming growth factor-β1 production. Fibrocytes constitutively expressed IL-13 and IL-5, and their production was augmented by stimulation with IL-33. Dexamethasone inhibited the functions of fibrocytes, but IL-33 made fibrocytes slightly refractory to the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone in terms of IL-13 production. Montelukast suppressed IL-13 production by nonstimulated fibrocytes but not those stimulated by IL-33. These findings suggest that IL-33 is involved in the airway remodeling process through its modulation of fibrocyte function independent of antigen stimulation. IL-33 might partially reduce the therapeutic effects of glucocorticoid and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist on fibrocyte-mediated Th2 responses.

Relatório de Estágio Curricular – Animeventos, organização de eventos Lda (Praia da Barra)

OpenAIRE

Costa, Pedro

2011-01-01

Foi com este pressuposto que surgiu a oportunidade de realizar estágio na empresa Animeventos, organização de eventos, durante o período de 16 de Agosto a 16 de Novembro, permitindo assim a inserção e auxílio na estruturação do principal evento da empresa, a Expotrakinas – Feira de animação, serviços e produtos para crianças e jovens. Este relatório pretende por tal, ser o relato fidedigno do trabalho realizado durante o período de estágio, desenrolando-se por dois capítulos. O primeiro te...

IL-1 and IL-23 mediate early IL-17A production in pulmonary inflammation leading to late fibrosis.

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Paméla Gasse

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating as yet untreatable disease. We demonstrated recently the predominant role of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β expression in the establishment of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice. METHODS: The contribution of IL-23 or IL-17 in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis was assessed using the bleomycin model in deficient mice. RESULTS: We show that bleomycin or IL-1β-induced lung injury leads to increased expression of early IL-23p19, and IL-17A or IL-17F expression. Early IL-23p19 and IL-17A, but not IL-17F, and IL-17RA signaling are required for inflammatory response to BLM as shown with gene deficient mice or mice treated with neutralizing antibodies. Using FACS analysis, we show a very early IL-17A and IL-17F expression by RORγt(+ γδ T cells and to a lesser extent by CD4αβ(+ T cells, but not by iNKT cells, 24 hrs after BLM administration. Moreover, IL-23p19 and IL-17A expressions or IL-17RA signaling are necessary to pulmonary TGF-β1 production, collagen deposition and evolution to fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the existence of an early IL-1β-IL-23-IL-17A axis leading to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and identify innate IL-23 and IL-17A as interesting drug targets for IL-1β driven lung pathology.

Study of once and twice forbidden {beta} transitions; Contribution a l'etude de transitions {beta} une fois et deux fois interdites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hocquenghem, J C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-09-01

The realisation of an experimental set up for directional angular correlation measurements allowed us to determine {beta} - {gamma} angular correlations. These measurements together with the determination of the {beta} shape-factor have been made for the following transitions: the first forbidden {beta}{sup -} transitions of 386 keV in the {sup 177}Lu disintegration and of 352 keV in the {sup 175}Yb disintegration. The experimental results have been compared with theoretical predictions of the Nilsson's model; the twice forbidden {beta}{sup -} transition of 473 keV in the {sup 94}Nb disintegration. The {beta} transition nuclear matrix elements have been extracted from the experimental results. Comparison have been made with the theoretical values calculated by taking for nuclear wavefunctions those obtained by diagonalization of the residual interaction and assuming that protons and neutrons outside the {sup 90}Zr core are respectively on the 1 g 9/2 and 2 d 5/2 orbits. (author) [French] La realisation d'un ensemble de mesures de correlations angulaires directionnelles nous a permis la mesure de correlations {beta} - {gamma} en fonction de l'energie. En completant celles-ci par la mesure du facteur de forme du spectre {beta}, nous avons pu etudier ainsi: d'une part, les transitions {beta}{sup -} une fois interdites de 386 keV de la desintegration de {sup 177}Lu et de 352 keV de la desintegration de {sup 175}Yb, Les resultats experimentaux ont ete compares aux valeurs calculees dans le modele de Nilsson; d'autre part, la transition {beta}- deux fois interdite de 473 keV de la desintegration de {sup 94}Nb. Les elements de matrice nucleaire de la transition {beta}, extraits des resultats experimentaux, ont ete compares aux valeurs theoriques calculees. Les fonctions d'ondes nucleaires utilisees ont ete obtenues par diagonalisation de l'interaction residuelle en supposant que les protons et les neutrons, en dehors du coeur forme par le {sup 90}Zr, sont respectivement

Théâtre les 50

CERN Multimedia

Théâtre les 50

2011-01-01

Vendredi 4 février à 20h30 Le Groupe Théâtral Gessien présente: BALLADE ANDALOUSE Textes : Frederico Garcia Lorca Avec Roger Grosrey Accompagnement à la guitare : David Maurer et Sophie Maurer Ce spectacle est l’occasion d’entrer poétiquement dans l’année 2011 en compagnie de Federico Garcia Lorca.   Quand un homme, une fois, se donne, pleinement et en vérité, à l’appel de ce qu’il est ici et maintenant, il se livre pour toujours, et de partout on le découvre. Poète de naissance, irrémédiablement et ne se voulant pas autre chose, s’étant situé une fois pour toutes du côté de ceux qui n’ont rien et à qui on dénie jusqu’à la tranquillité du n&...

Quantitative Contribution of IL2Rγ to the Dynamic Formation of IL2-IL2R Complexes.

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Luis F Ponce

Full Text Available Interleukin-2 (IL2 is a growth factor for several immune cells and its function depends on its binding to IL2Rs in the cell membrane. The most accepted model for the assembling of IL2-IL2R complexes in the cell membrane is the Affinity Conversion Model (ACM. This model postulates that IL2R receptor association is sequential and dependent on ligand binding. Most likely free IL2 binds first to IL2Rα, and then this complex binds to IL2Rβ, and finally to IL2Rγ (γc. However, in previous mathematical models representing this process, the binding of γc has not been taken into account. In this work, the quantitative contribution of the number of IL2Rγ chain to the IL2-IL2R apparent binding affinity and signaling is studied. A mathematical model of the affinity conversion process including the γ chain in the dynamic, has been formulated. The model was calibrated by fitting it to experimental data, specifically, Scatchard plots obtained using human cell lines. This paper demonstrates how the model correctly explains available experimental observations. It was estimated, for the first time, the value of the kinetic coefficients of IL2-IL2R complexes interaction in the cell membrane. Moreover, the number of IL2R components in different cell lines was also estimated. It was obtained a variable distribution in the number of IL2R components depending on the cell type and the activation state. Of most significance, the study predicts that not only the number of IL2Rα and IL2Rβ, but also the number of γc determine the capacity of the cell to capture and retain IL2 in signalling complexes. Moreover, it is also showed that different cells might use different pathways to bind IL2 as consequence of its IL2R components distribution in the membrane.

EST2Prot: Mapping EST sequences to proteins

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Lin David M

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background EST libraries are used in various biological studies, from microarray experiments to proteomic and genetic screens. These libraries usually contain many uncharacterized ESTs that are typically ignored since they cannot be mapped to known genes. Consequently, new discoveries are possibly overlooked. Results We describe a system (EST2Prot that uses multiple elements to map EST sequences to their corresponding protein products. EST2Prot uses UniGene clusters, substring analysis, information about protein coding regions in existing DNA sequences and protein database searches to detect protein products related to a query EST sequence. Gene Ontology terms, Swiss-Prot keywords, and protein similarity data are used to map the ESTs to functional descriptors. Conclusion EST2Prot extends and significantly enriches the popular UniGene mapping by utilizing multiple relations between known biological entities. It produces a mapping between ESTs and proteins in real-time through a simple web-interface. The system is part of the Biozon database and is accessible at http://biozon.org/tools/est/.

The changes of IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IgE in serum of patients with asthma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Chao; Liu Deyi; Hou Guihua; Wang Haodan

2002-01-01

To evaluate the relationship and the clinical significance between the serum IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IgE in patients with asthma, the serum IL-8, IL-10 are measured by radioimmunoassay method and the serum IL-12, IgE by ELISA in 55 patients with asthma. The level of serum IL-8, IgE at stage of episode are significantly higher than that at stage of remission (P<0.01); the level of serum IL-10, IL-12 at stage of episode are significantly lower than that at stage of remission (P<0.01). Linear regression shows that the decrease of IL-12 relate to the increase of IgE. The results suggests that the change of the level of serum IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IgE could be a maker for the aggravation of asthma

The experimental violation of Bell's inequality [as predicted by quantum mechanics]: A contribution to the study of its meaning

Science.gov (United States)

Hespel, Bertrand

Au vu des expériences déjà réalisées, il est permis de penser que la violation de l'inégalité de Bell conformément aux prédictions de la mécanique quantique sera bientôt un fait établi. D'après les lectures qui en ont été le plus souvent données, en raison de la non- localité qu'il met en évidence et de l'incompatibilité qu'il y aurait entre cette propriété et celle de localité postulée par la relativité, ce fait annihilerait inéluctablement l'espoir qui animait le fondateur de la physique moderne et bon nombre de ses successeurs: à moins d'accepter d'abandonner l'exigence d'exactitude, nous devrions définitivement nous résoudre à admettre que nous ne pourrons jamais fournir du monde qu'une image incomplète. L'histoire de la philosophie suggère une toute autre interprétation. Lorsqu'on reconstitue les tentatives oubliées menées par Spinoza, Malebranche et Leibniz, pour bâtir, comme Newton, à la suite de Descartes, un Monde tout à la fois exact et complet, ce fait apparaît plutôt comme la preuve empirique que le monde est tout à la fois local et inséparable-phénoménalement local mais fondamentalement inséparable-et qu'une image adéquate ne pourra donc en être donnée qu'à la condition de reconnaître qu'il ne se réduit pas au contenu de l'espace-temps, c'est-à-dire que ce monde qui est l'objet de la physique n'est pas le tout du monde et qu'il convient de prolonger cette science, désormais quantique et relativiste, par une méta-physique.

Cytokines (interleukin-9, IL-17, IL-22, IL-25 and IL-33 and asthma

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Rahim Farahani

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Asthma is a reversible airway obstruction that is characterized by constriction of airway smooth muscle, hyper secretion of mucus, edema and airway hyper responsiveness (AHR, mucus secretion and thickening of the basement membrane underlying the airway epithelium. During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. It was believed that airway inflammation is orchestrated by allergen specific T helper (Th 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. Th17 cell may have a role in severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD. Interleukin (IL-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor-α and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. Cytokines are important in asthma and play a critical role in orchestrating the allergic inflammatory response, although the precise role of each cytokine remains to be determined. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33 in asthma. The potential therapeutic applications emerging from the roles of these cytokines will be discussed as well.

The dichotomous pattern of IL-12r and IL-23R expression elucidates the role of IL-12 and IL-23 in inflammation.

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Gaëlle Chognard

Full Text Available IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines respectively drive Th1 and Th17 type responses. Yet, little is known regarding the biology of these receptors. As the IL-12 and IL-23 receptors share a common subunit, it has been assumed that these receptors are co-expressed. Surprisingly, we find that the expression of each of these receptors is restricted to specific cell types, in both mouse and human. Indeed, although IL-12Rβ2 is expressed by NK cells and a subset of γδ T cells, the expression of IL-23R is restricted to specific T cell subsets, a small number of B cells and innate lymphoid cells. By exploiting an IL-12- and IL-23-dependent mouse model of innate inflammation, we demonstrate an intricate interplay between IL-12Rβ2 NK cells and IL-23R innate lymphoid cells with respectively dominant roles in the regulation of systemic versus local inflammatory responses. Together, these findings support an unforeseen lineage-specific dichotomy in the in vivo role of both the IL-12 and IL-23 pathways in pathological inflammatory states, which may allow more accurate dissection of the roles of these receptors in chronic inflammatory diseases in humans.

Cesare Beccaria, Des délits et des peines (Dei delitti e delle pene

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Florence Courriol

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Le texte de Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794, publié pour la première fois en 1764, a joué un rôle primordial dans l’Europe des Lumières : véritable best-seller de l’époque, devenu aussitôt un classique non seulement en Italie mais dans une bonne partie de l’Europe et tout particulièrement en France, il est l’une des sources principales de notre doctrine pénale moderne. Si cet ouvrage reste d’actualité pour bonne partie du monde contemporain, c’est d’abord parce qu’il contient la toute première ar...

Role of periostin, FENO, IL-13, lebrikzumab, other IL-13 antagonist and dual IL-4/IL-13 antagonist in asthma.

Science.gov (United States)

Agrawal, Swati; Townley, Robert G

2014-02-01

Asthma markedly diminishes quality of life due to limited activity, absences from work or school and hospitalizations. Patients with severe asthma which are not controlled despite taking effective therapy are most in need of new treatment approaches. IL-13 was demonstrated as 'central mediator of allergic asthma'. IL-13 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and COPD. IL-13 levels in the sputum and bronchial biopsy samples remain elevated in severe asthma despite the use of inhaled and systemic corticosteroids. Thus, IL-13 is a mediator involved in corticosteroid resistance. Periostin enhances profibrotic TGF-β signaling in subepithelial fibrosis associated with asthma. IL-13 induces bronchial epithelial cells to secrete periostin. Periostin may be a biomarker for Th2 induced airway inflammation. Lebrikizumab is a monoclonal antibody against IL-13. Lebrikizumab improved lung function in asthmatics who were symptomatic despite treatment with long acting beta agonist and inhaled corticosteroids and provided benefit in the treatment of severe uncontrolled asthma. Lebrikizumab block IL-13 signaling through the IL-13Rα1/IL-4Rα receptor. There was a larger reduction in FENO in the high periostin subgroup than in the low periostin subgroup (34.4 vs 4.3%). Serum CCL17, CCL13 and total IgE levels decreased in the lebrikizumab group.

La guerre contre les drogues illicites : Est-ce qu’elle est perdue ? - Has the war against drugs been lost ? - La guerra contro le droghe è persa ?

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Dominick M.

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Le système légal du Mexique est dans un état de ruine à cause des cartels de la drogue soutenus et subventionnés par les États-Unis d'Amerique. En effet, les États-Unis sont le marché principal de la marijuana, de la cocaine et, en moindre quantité, des drogues synthétiques provénantes du Mexique. L’article met en évidence que les régions frontalières du Mexique sont pris en otage entre d’une part, les principaux producteurs mondiaux de coca et d’autre part, les principaux consommateurs (de l’Amerique du Nord et de l’Europe. Pour cela, l’avis de l’autrice et de son collaborateur est que le Mexique ne peut résoudre seul les problèmes liés au narcotrafique. The Mexican legal system is in a state of ruin because of illegal drug cartels supported, sustained and subsidized by the United States of America. It is the U.S. which is the market for marijuana, cocaine and to a lesser extent synthetic drugs trafficked through Mexico. This article evidences that especially the frontier regions of Mexico have been taken hostage between, on the one hand, the principal world producers of cocaine and, on the other hand, the principal consumers (from North America and from Europe. Accordingly, it is the view of the author and her collaborator that Mexico cannot resolve in isolation the problems involved in narco-trafficking.Il sistema legale messicano versa in uno stato disastroso a causa dei cartelli della droga sostenuti e sovvenzionati dagli Stati Uniti d’America. Infatti, gli USA rappresentano il principale mercato della marijuana, della cocaina e delle droghe sintetiche (queste ultime in misura minore provenienti dal Messico. L’articolo mette in evidenza che le regioni frontaliere del Messico sono prese in ostaggio, da una parte, dai principali produttori modiali di cocaina e, dall’altra, dai principali consumatori (che si trovano nell’America del Nord ed in Europa. Pertanto, secondo l’autrice ed il suo collaboratore

Les faux-semblants de la séduction sur quelques textes soi-disant légers

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Francis Claudon

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Il existe une littérature de la séduction: Ovide (L'Art d'aimer, Laclos (Les Liaisons dangereuses, Kierkegaard (Le Journal d'un séducteur, Sade (Les Cent Journées de Sodome en forment les principaux chapitres. Que nous disent ces auteurs? Qu'il faut séduire, comment on peut séduire; car l'amour n'est que rapport de force déguisé: conquête, prise de haute lutte; caché derrière plus ou moins de dentelles et de joliesses, c'est toujours d'un rapport maître/esclave qu'il s'agit. "Amor est militia " répète plusieurs fois Ovide ; quand Leporello parle de son quotidien auprès de Don Giovanni, grand séducteur, son maître, il insiste, dès le lever de rideau, sur la dure vie, le labeur continu qu'impose le service de l'amour: "Notte e giorno faticar… mal mangiar' e mal dormire".

IL-5 and IL-5 receptor in asthma

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ATC Kotsimbos

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Eosinophils, along with mast cells are key cells involved in the innate immune response against parasitic infection whereas the adaptive immune response is largely dependent on lymphocytes. In chronic parasitic disease and in chronic allergic disease, IL-5 is predominantly a T cell derived cytokine which is particularly important for the terminal differentiation, activation and survival of committed eosinophil precursors. The human IL-5 gene is located on chromosome 5 in a gene cluster that contains the evolutionary related IL-4 family of cytokine genes. The human IL-5 receptor complex is a heterodimer consisting of a unique a subunit (predominantly expressed on eosinophils and a beta subunit which is shared between the receptors for IL-3 & GM-CSF (more widely expressed. The a subunit is required for ligand-specific binding whereas association with the beta subunit results in increased binding affinity. The alternative splicing of the alphaIL-5R gene which contains 14 exons can yield several alphaIL-5R isoforms including a membrane-anchored isoform (alphaIL-5Rm and a soluble isoform (alphaIL-5Rs. Cytokines such as IL-5 produce specific and non-specific cellular responses through specific cell membrane receptor mediated activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways which, to a large part, regulate gene expression. The major intracellular signal transduction mechanism is activation of non-receptor associated tyrosine kinases including JAK and MAP kinases which can then transduce signals via a novel family of transcriptional factors named signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATS. JAK2, STAT1 and STAT 5 appear to be particularly important in IL-5 mediated eosinophil responses. Asthma is characterized by episodic airways obstruction, increased bronchial responsiveness, and airway inflammation. Several studies have shown an association between the number of activated T cells and eosinophils in the airways and abnormalities

Relatório de estágio: Letra Zen, Comunicação e Marketing, Lda.

OpenAIRE

Sousa, Ana Rita Alves Silva e

2014-01-01

Relatório de Estágio apresentado ao Instituto de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Marketing Digital, sob orientação da Prof. Doutora Sandrina Teixeira Nota: 17 valores O presente relatório insere-se no âmbito da conclusão do segundo ciclo de estudos em Marketing Digital, do Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto e foi elaborado com o objetivo de descrever em pormenor as atividades que desenvolvidas durante o estág...

Prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de drogas ilícitas em gestantes da coorte BRISA

OpenAIRE

Priscila Coimbra Rocha; Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto e Alves; Deysianne Costa das Chagas; Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva; Rosangela Fernandes Lucena Batista; Raimundo Antonio da Silva

2016-01-01

Resumo O artigo objetiva analisar a prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de drogas ilícitas na gestação. Estudo transversal, aninhado à coorte pré-natal do estudo de coorte BRISA. Utilizou-se medidas de frequência e modelo de regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada. A prevalência estimada foi de 1,45% para o uso de drogas ilícitas, 22,32% para o uso de bebidas alcóolicas e 4,22% para o de cigarro. A população mostrou-se jovem, de 20-34 anos de idade (81%), com escolaridade de 9-11 anos ...

Allergic Rhinitis and Its Relationship with IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL 22, and IL-35

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P. Bayrak Degirmenci

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Background. We aimed in our study to research the role of new cytokines such as IL-35, IL-22, and IL-17 that may form a target for novel treatment approaches. Methods. IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL-22, and IL-35 serum levels of allergic rhinitis (AR patients were measured using ELISA method. Allergic sensitization was demonstrated by the skin prick test. Patients only with olive tree sensitivity were evaluated for seasonal AR (SAR. Patients only with mite sensitivity were included in the study for perennial AR (PAR. AR clinic severity was demonstrated by the nasal symptom scores (NSS. Results. In total, 65 AR patients (patient group, having 31 PAR and 34 SAR patients, and 31 healthy individuals (control group participated in the study. Cytokine levels between the patient group and the control group were compared; IL-17 (p=0.038, IL-22 (p=0.001, and TGF-β (p=0.031 were detected as high in the patient group, and IFN-γ (p<0.001 was detected as low in the patient group. When correlation analysis was made between age, gender, prick test result, NSS, AR duration, and cytokine levels in the patient group, a negative correlation was detected only between IFN-γ (p=0.032/r=−0.266 level and NSS. Conclusions. Accompanied by the literature information, these results made us think that T cell subgroups and cytokines have an important role in AR immunopathogenesis. It is thought that future studies to be conducted relating to this subject will form new targets in treatment.

Potencial evocado auditivo de longa latência: diferenças na forma de contagem do estímulo raro

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Rubia Soares Bruno

2016-02-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: identificar se existe diferença nos achados do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Longa Latência em relação à latência e amplitude, em diferentes modos de contagem do estimulo raro, sendo contando mentalmente ou marcando no papel (sem memorizar. Métodos: esse estudo teve caráter prospectivo e transversal. A amostra foi composta por conveniência sendo constituída por 49 indivíduos, sendo 29 do gênero feminino e 20 do gênero masculino. Foram realizados os seguintes procedimentos: Inspeção Visual do Meato Acústico Externo, Audiometria Tonal Liminar, Medidas de Imitância Acústica e Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Longa Latência, o qual foi realizado duas vezes, uma após a outra, com os indivíduos atentando ao estímulo raro, começando sempre contando mentalmente e após marcando em um papel. Resultados: houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as orelhas para as latências de P1, P2 e amplitude de N1 para o método de marcação no papel, da latência de N1 para o método de contagem mental dos estímulos raros, e da amplitude de P2 em ambos os métodos, porém com todos os valores dentro da faixa de normalidade. Além disso, a diferença estatisticamente significante também foi evidente na comparação entre os gêneros, sendo encontrados valores de latência maiores de P2 e N2 para o gênero masculino em ambos os métodos de contagem dos estímulos raros. A amplitude de P1, P2 e P3 foi menor no gênero masculino nas diferentes formas de contagem, sendo no P2 a diferença apenas no método contando mentalmente. Ao compararmos os métodos, houve diferença estatisticamente significante apenas para a latência de P2, a qual foi maior para o método marcando no papel. Conclusão: não houve diferença para as latências e amplitudes dos potenciais evocados auditivos de longa latência na comparação da contagem do estímulo raro (contando mentalmente e marcando no papel para quase todos os potenciais, com

Il Decameron de Pier Paolo Pasolini: da prosa medieval ao roteiro cinematográfico Il Decameron by Pier Paolo Pasolini: from the medieval prose to the screenplay

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Paula Regina Siega

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo situa-se no campo das teorias da recepção e trabalha com o conceito de "leitura como ato criativo", desenvolvido por Hans Robert Jauss e Wolfgang Iser. Interpretando o roteiro como estrutura textual produtora de imagens literárias, elegemos como objeto de estudo o texto Il Decameron, escrito por Pier Paolo Pasolini com base na obra de Giovanni Boccaccio. Na análise, investigamos os efeitos poéticos produzidos pela releitura do texto medieval, indicando as transformações que o realismo boccacciano assume na linguagem de Pasolini. Para tanto, evidenciamos a importância que as realidades do sexo e da morte adquirem no roteiro, observando como o autor conjuga estes temas às reflexões que faz sobre a própria contemporaneidade.Questo articolo è situato nel campo delle teorie della ricezione e lavora con il concetto di "lettura come atto creativo", sviluppato da Hans Robert Jauss e Wolfgang Iser. Nell'interpretare la sceneggiatura come struttura testuale produttrice di immagini letterarie, scegliamo come oggetto di studio il testo Il Decameron, scritto da Pier Paolo Pasolini basato sull'opera di Giovanni Boccaccio. Nell'analisi, investighiamo gli effetti poetici prodotti dalla rilettura del testo medioevale indicando le trasformazioni che il realismo boccacciano assume nel linguaggio di Pasolini. Pertanto, evidenziamo l'importanza che le realtà del sesso e della morte acquisiscono nella sceneggiatura, osservando come l'autore concilia questi temi con le riflessioni che fa sulla propria contemporaneità.This article is situated in the field of the reception theories and works with the concept of "reading as creative act", developed by Hans Robert Jauss and Wolfgang Iser. Seeing in the screenplay a textual structure that produces literary images, we choose as our object the text Il Decameron, written by Pier Paolo Pasolini based on Boccaccio's work. In the analysis, we investigate the poetic effects produced by the rereading of

Tratamento cirúrgico de um aneurisma primário de veia ilíaca externa

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Márcio Luís Lucas

2015-09-01

Full Text Available ResumoAneurismas primários da veia ilíaca são extremamente raros e podem complicar com trombose, embolia pulmonar ou ruptura. Acredita-se que existam apenas 14 casos descritos na literatura. Neste artigo, descrevemos um caso de um jovem de 25 anos, que apresentava edema e cianose do membro inferior esquerdo. A ecografia vascular revelou uma massa cística em fossa ilíaca esquerda. A angiotomografia confirmou o diagnóstico de um aneurisma da veia ilíaca externa esquerda de 3,8 cm, no maior diâmetro. O paciente foi submetido ao tratamento cirúrgico através da ressecção do aneurisma seguida de venorrafia longitudinal. Teve boa evolução pós-operatória, com um seguimento clínico de 44 meses. Houve uma melhora do edema no membro inferior esquerdo, sem complicações tardias.

établissement de réseaux de TIC-D en Afrique centrale, de l'Est et ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

information et de la communication (TIC) à large bande dans certains pays des côtes est et ouest de l'Afrique. À cette fin, il financera l'établissement de réseaux de plaidoyer et de recherche en matière de TIC au service du développement ...

Il nucleo terrestre: il cuore magnetico della Terra

OpenAIRE

De Santis, A.

2006-01-01

Il campo magnetico terrestre è una proprietà intrinseca del nostro pianeta e di altri oggetti del sistema solare. Il Sole stesso possiede un forte campo magnetico che si inverte quasi ciclicamente ogni 10-11 anni; tale comportamento è visibile attraverso la medesima ciclicità delle macchie solari che denotano sulla superficie l’intensa attività magnetica della nostra stella. Il campo magnetico terrestre è importantissimo per la vita sulla Terra. Esso protegge il pianeta dalle p...

Câncer de pulmão: histologia, estádio, tratamento e sobrevida Lung cancer: histology, staging, treatment and survival

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Fabiola Trocoli Novaes

2008-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar os principais tipos histológicos, estádio, tratamento e sobrevida dos portadores de câncer de pulmão. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo a partir da análise dos prontuários de pacientes acompanhados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, num período de seis anos. RESULTADOS: De janeiro de 2000 a janeiro de 2006, foram acompanhados 240 doentes com câncer de pulmão, com predominância do sexo masculino (64%. O tipo histológico mais freqüente foi o carcinoma escamoso (37,5%, seguido pelo adenocarcinoma (30%, carcinoma neuroendócrino (19,6% e carcinoma de grandes células (6,6%. Apenas 131 pacientes (54,6% foram tratados. Destes, 52 pacientes (39,7% foram submetidos à quimioterapia exclusiva, 32 (24,4% realizaram quimioterapia associada à radioterapia e 47 (35,9% foram submetidos à cirurgia associada ou não à quimioterapia exclusiva e/ou radioterapia. Somente 27 pacientes (20,6% foram submetidos à cirurgia exclusiva.Em relação ao estadiamento, 34,4% apresentavam, no momento do diagnóstico, estádio IV, 20,6% estádio IIIB, 16,8% estádio IIIA e os outros 28,2% pertenciam aos estádios I e II. A sobrevida em cinco anos foi de 65% para o estádio I e 25% para os estádios remanescentes. CONCLUSÕES: O tipo histológico predominante foi o carcinoma escamoso e o de menor freqüência foi o carcinoma de grandes células. A maioria se encontrava em estádio avançado ao diagnóstico, estando nos estádios iniciais menos de 30% dos casos. Isto justifica a baixa sobrevida e a pequena quantidade de pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico exclusivo, em comparação à maioria que foi submetida à quimioterapia exclusiva.OBJECTIVE: To analyze principal histological types of lung cancer, as well as the staging, treatment and survival of lung cancer patients. METHODS: This was a retrospective study based on the analysis of medical charts of patients treated at the Botucatu School of Medicine

IL-17A, IL-17RC polymorphisms and IL17 plasma levels in Tunisian patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Science.gov (United States)

Chahbi, Mayssa; Haouami, Youssra; Sfar, Imen; Abdelmoula, Leila; Ben Abdallah, Taieb; Gorgi, Yousr

2018-01-01

Background Interleukin-17 (IL-17), a cytokine mainly secreted by Th17 cells, seems to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Functional genetic polymorphisms in IL-17 and its receptor genes can influence either qualitatively or quantitatively their functions. Therefore, we aimed to study the impact of IL17-A and IL17RC polymorphisms on plasma level of IL-17 and RA susceptibility and severity. Methods In this context, IL-17A*rs2275913 and IL-17RC*rs708567 polymorphisms were investigated together with the quantification of IL17 plasma level in 115 RA patients and 91 healthy control subjects matched in age, sex and ethnic origin. Results There were no statistically significant associations between IL-17A and IL-17RC studied polymorphisms and RA susceptibility. In contrast, IL-17A plasma levels were significantly higher in patients (55.07 pg/ml) comparatively to controls (4.75 pg/ml), p<10E-12. A ROC curve was used to evaluate the performance of plasma IL-17 in detecting RA. Given 100% specificity, the highest sensitivity of plasma IL-17A was 61.7% at a cut-off value of 18.25 pg/ml; p < 10E-21, CI = [0.849–0.939]. Analytic results showed that the IgM-rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies were significantly less frequent in patients with the IL-17RC*A/A genotype than those carrying *G/G and *G/A genotypes; p = 0.013 and p = 0.015, respectively. Otherwise, IL-17 plasma levels’ analysis showed a significant association with the activity of RA (DAS28≥5.1 = 74.71 pg/ml vs. DAS28<5.1 = 11.96 pg/ml), p<10E-6. Conclusion IL-17A*rs2275913 (G/A) and IL-17RC*rs708567 (G/A) polymorphisms did not seem to influence RA susceptibility in Tunisian population. This result agrees with those reported previously. Plasma IL-17A level seems to be predictive of severe RA occurrence. PMID:29584788

L'état de l'environnement industriel français est-il objectivement mesurable ?

OpenAIRE

Gotteland, David; Boulé, Jean-Marie

2004-01-01

Working paper serie RMT (WPS 04-07); the environmental state is a frequently modelized variable in marketing research. This paper proposes updated scales and panorama of the objective state of 58 industrial branches defined by INSEE based on three characteristic dimensions: dynamism, complexity and capacity.; l'état de l'environnement est une variable fréquemment modélisée dans la recherche en marketing. A partir de ce constat, cet article propose une échelle de mesure et un panorama actualis...

Genetic polymorphism of interleukin-1A (IL-1A), IL-1B, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) and prostate cancer risk.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Hua; Ding, Qiang; Jiang, Hao-Wen

2014-01-01

We aimed to investigate the associations between polymorphisms of interleukin-1A (IL-1A), IL-1B, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. A comprehensive search for articles of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and bibliographies of retrieved articles published up to August 3, 2014 was performed. Methodological quality assessment of the trials was based on a standard quality scoring system. The meta-analysis was performed using STATA 12.0. We included 9 studies (1 study for IL-1A, 5 studies for IL-1B, and 3 studies for IL-1RN), and significant association was found between polymorphisms of IL-1B-511 (rs16944) as well as IL-1B-31 (rs1143627) and PCa risk. IL-1B-511 (rs16944) polymorphism was significantly associated with PCa risk in homozygote and recessive models, as well as allele contrast (TT vs CC: OR, 0.74; 95%CI, 0.58-0.94; P=0.012; TT vs TC+CC; OR, 0.79; 95%CI, 0.63-0.98; P=0.033; T vs C: OR, 0.86; 95%CI, 0.77-0.96; P=0.008). The association between IL-1B-31 (rs1143627) polymorphism and PCa risk was weakly significant under a heterozygote model (OR, 1.35; 95%CI, 1.00-1.80; P=0.047). Sequence variants in IL-1B-511 (rs16944) and IL-1B-31 (rs1143627) are significantly associated with PCa risk, which provides additional novel evidence that proinflammatory cytokines and inflammation play an important role in the etiology of PCa.

La crise de Crimée (mars 2014) : comment en est-on arrivé là ?

OpenAIRE

Richard, Yann

2014-01-01

La crise ukrainienne a des causes internes et externes nombreuses. On peut regretter que la presse française en parle de façon très orientée sans prendre le temps de présenter le point de vue russe, si ce n’est pour affirmer que le président Poutine relançait la guerre froide et réactivait l’impérialisme russe. Le rattachement de la Crimée est sans conteste une annexion déguisée et c’est un coup de force autant qu’un rejet des prescriptions élémentaires du droit international. Toutefois, il f...

An initial limited biodosimetry inter-comparison exercise: FOI and DRDC Ottawa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stricklin, D.; Wilkinson, D.; Arvidsson, E.; Prud'homme-Lalonde, L.; Thorleifson, E.; Mullins, D.; Lachapelle, S.

2007-01-01

While biodosimetry is a valuable tool in radiation dose assessment, the dicentric assay, which is the most validated method to date, requires some degree of technical competence. Recently published ISO guidelines indicate the need for documenting competence and establishment of quality control programs. Inter-laboratory comparisons are required to document the ability to perform reproducible and accurate assessments. FOI and DRDC Ottawa have conducted an initial limited biodosimetry exercise inter-comparison for quality assurance purposes. The exercise involved blinded exchange of three previously prepared slides from each laboratory from samples that had been evaluated for each lab's dose-response curve. Approximately 100 cells from each slide were evaluated and aberration frequencies reported and compared to the expected frequencies. The limited number of cells evaluated for each sample could not permit statistically distinguishing a 20% difference in all the samples. However, the results indicated reasonable agreement in analyses for all samples for triage purposes. Comparison of aberration frequencies, rather than dose estimates, further illustrates consistent scoring criteria between the two laboratories. The exercise conducted by FOI and DRDC Ottawa provided an efficient means of documenting expertise. Such cooperation further establishes the international biodosimetry network and ensures our readiness for emergency response

A estética da comunicação nos videogames: a relação designer-jogador = Aesthetics of communication in videogames: the relationship between designer and gamer

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Pereira, Mirna Feitoza

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa sobre a experiência estética na relação entre o jogador e os videogames. A pesquisa foi conduzida a partir da experiência do pesquisador-jogador em cotejo com a pesquisa bibliográfica dos temas que dizem respeito à ludicidade, à narrativa, à semiose e à estética da comunicação, tendo como objeto de estudo a comunicação entre o designer e o jogador durante o ato de jogo. Foi constatado que a relação entre o videogame e o gamer é mediada por uma semiose que estabelece uma estética comunicacional entre as partes envolvidas nesta relação. Verificou-se também que as mecânicas de jogo promovem estéticas comunicacionais que conversam com a inteligência cognitiva humana, levando a uma comunicação plena entre os conceitos de design implementados em um jogo e o campo de percepção pessoal do jogador

Consumo de álcool e drogas ilícitas entre estudantes de medicina, biologia e enfermagem

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Sthefano A. Gabriel

2007-05-01

Full Text Available Introdução - O hábito de ingerir quantidades impróprias de bebidas alcoólicas e o uso de drogas ilícitas traz inúmeras consequências para a saúde do ser humano, com repercussão sobre a produtividade no trabalho, no relacionamento familiar, além de ser causa importante de acidentes de trânsito, homicídios e suicídio. Fatores coadjuvantes como a boa permissividade do ambiente universitário e a facilidade de acesso a vários tipos de substâncias psicoativas contribuem para o aumento progressivo do uso de drogas ilícitas e consumo excessivo de bebidas alcoólicas entre estudantes universitários. Objetivos - Verificar a prevalência do uso de bebidas alcoólicas e drogas ilícitas entre os estudantes dos primeiros anos de Biologia, Medicina e Enfermagem, pertencentes à Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (estudo realizado em 2004, comparando o uso de tais substâncias entre os mesmos. Material e Método - Foi utilizado um questionário com 161 questões de múltipla escolha, das quais apenas uma alternativa foi considerada válida. Os alunos responderam ao questionário através de uma folha anônima de respostas. Foram estudados 160 alunos, sendo 97 do curso de Medicina (44 homens e 53 mulheres, 36 do curso de Biologia (11 homens e 25 mulheres e 27 do curso de Enfermagem (4 homens e 23 mulheres. Para análise estatística, utilizou-se os teste de Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney e Qui-Quadrado. Resultados - A maior parte dos alunos de Biologia e Enfermagem moram com seus pais, enquanto que no curso de Medicina a maioria dos acadêmicos mora com amigos. Com relação às drogas mais utilizadas pelo menos alguma vez na vida, álcool, tabaco e maconha foram as mais consumidas pelos alunos de Biologia e Enfermagem; enquanto que álcool, tabaco e solventes foram as mais usadas pelos estudantes de Medicina. Discussão - Álcool, cigarro, solvente e maconha foram as drogas mais utilizadas nos últimos 30 dias pelos alunos dos tr

La violence sexuelle envers les enfants est-elle en baisse au Canada? Résultats d’enquêtes rétrospectives représentatives à l’échelle nationale

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M. Shields

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction : Selon de nombreuses sources de données, la violence sexuelle envers les enfants (VSE est en baisse aux États-Unis depuis le début des années 1990. Il semble par ailleurs qu’elle ait connu une hausse après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Cette étude a pour but de faire l’examen des estimations de prévalence des cas de violence sexuelle durant l’enfance (VSdE signalés rétrospectivement dans le cadre de deux enquêtes nationales représentatives menées auprès de la population canadienne. Méthodologie : Les données proviennent de 13 931 répondants de 18 à 76 ans interrogés dans le cadre de l’enquête GENACIS (Gender, Alcohol and Culture: An International Study – Canada de 2004-2005 et de 22 169 résidents âgés de 18 ans et plus ayant participé à l’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes – Santé mentale (ESCC – Santé mentale de 2012. Nous présentons des comparaisons de la prévalence de la VSdE par sexe et par groupe d’âge à la fois entre ces deux enquêtes et au sein de chacune. Résultats : Les résultats des deux enquêtes indiquent une baisse de la VSE depuis 1993, qui va de pair avec la baisse observée aux États-Unis. Il ressort également des résultats que le risque de VSE était plus élevé entre 1946 et 1992 qu’avant 1946. Les données sont plus solides pour les femmes. Conclusion : Constater une baisse de la VSE au Canada depuis le début des années 1990 est encourageant, étant donné les effets débilitants à long terme qui sont associés à la VSE. Une surveillance continue est essentielle. Ces effets négatifs à long terme sont la preuve de l’importance de poursuivre sur cette lancée, pour passer d’un risque faible à un risque nul.

Cord Blood Cells Responses to IL2, IL7 and IL15 Cytokines for mTOR Expression

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Anahita Mohammadian

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Purpose: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORis important in hematopoiesis and affect cell growth,differentiation and survival. Although previous studies were identified the effect of cytokines on the mononuclear cells development however the cytokines effect on mTOR in cord blood mononuclear cells was unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate mTOR expression in cord blood mononuclear and cord blood stem cells (CD34+ cells in culture conditions for lymphoid cell development. Methods: Isolation of The mononuclear cells (MNCs from umbilical cord blood were done with use of Ficollpaque density gradient. We evaluated cultured cord blood mononuclear and CD34+ cells in presece of IL2, IL7 and IL15 at distinct time points during 21 days by using flow cytometry. In this study, we presented the role of IL2, IL7 and IL15 on the expression of mTOR in cord blood cells. Results: mTOR expression were increased in peresence of IL2, IL7 and IL15 in day 14 and afterword reduced. However in persence of IL2 and IL15 expression of mTOR significantly reduced. mTOR expression in CD34+ cells decreased significantly from day7 to day 21 in culture. Conclusion: cytokines play important role in mTOR expression during hematopoiesis and development of cord blood mononuclear cells.

Structures de données et méthodes formelles

CERN Document Server

Guyomard, Marc

2011-01-01

Ce livre porte sur l tude des structures de donn es, savoir des constituants logiciels dont la qualit conditionne le bon fonctionnement et l efficacit des applications informatiques. L originalit de cet ouvrage r side essentiellement dans le lien qu il tablit avec la discipline des m thodes formelles pour le g nie logiciel. Il montre comment il est possible de calculer les op rations qui accompagnent une structure de donn es partir d une sp cification rigoureuse. L auteur adopte la fois une perspective historique et une d marche fonctionnelle. La premi re partie de l ouvrage pr sente les bases

TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression in monocytes of newborns with late-onset sepsis,

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana C.C. Redondo

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Analisar a expressão dos TLR-2 e TLR-4 em monócitos de recém-nascidos com sepse tardia. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo com 27 recém-nascidos a termo entre 8 e 29 dias de vida com diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial de sepse tardia dos quais dez (37% apresentaram cultura positiva. As citocinas foram determinadas por teste de CBA em sangue periférico enquanto que a expressão e MFI (mediana de intensidade de fluorescência dos TLR-2 e TLR-4 foi determinado por imunofenotipagem em monócitos de sangue periférico total através de análise pelo citômetro de fluxo BD FACSDiva. O grupo usado para comparação foi de adultos saudáveis. Resultados: Microrganismos foram identificados em 37% dos pacientes e estes juntamente com os pacientes com sepse clínica tiveram níveis elevados de citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β e de citocina anti-inflamatória (IL-10 corroborando o processo inflamatório/infeccioso. No monócito, a frequência de expressão do TLR-4 foi mais elevada (p = 0,01. Conclusões: Este estudo analisou a resposta imune inata no recém-nascido com sepse. Recémnascidos sépticos que dependem quase exclusivamente do sistema imune inato apresentaram pouca resposta in vivo na ativação de monócitos o que sugere uma resposta imune deficiente e maior susceptibilidade à infecção.

: Cas de la Division Forage

OpenAIRE

Baaziz , Abdelkader; Khelil , Mustapha

2006-01-01

International audience; " Une entreprise qui ne gagne que de l'argent est bien pauvre ! " disait Henry Ford. Cette phrase résume en fait la philosophie du " Balanced Sorecard ". En 1996, Kaplan et Norton formalisent pour la première fois, le concept de " The Balanced Scorecard ". La traduction française du Balanced Scorecard est " tableau de bord équilibré ", même si les concepteurs insistent sur le fait qu'il n'est pas un simple tableau de bord mais un système intégré de management pour suiv...

Physique ou leçons sur les principes généraux de la nature I

CERN Document Server

Aristote

2015-01-01

Extrait : ""Or il n'en est pas dans la nature de plus certain ni de plus évident que le mouvement sous toutes ses formes ; et voilà comment la Physique d'Aristote n'est au fond qu'une théorie du mouvement. C'est une étude sur le principe le plus général et le plus important de la nature ; car sans ce principe, ainsi qu'Aristote l'a dit bien des fois, la nature n'existe pas ; elle s'identifie en quelque sorte avec lui.""

Le Prix mondial de l'alimentation est décerné à un ancien boursier ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

26 mai 2016 ... M. Hillel est chercheur principal au Center for Climate Systems Research, qui relève de l'Earth Institute de l'Université Columbia, et travaille avec le NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Il a oeuvré par le passé avec de nombreux organismes de développement international et s'était vu octroyer une ...

Pays en transition : pour que les sociétés se transforment, il est ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Conscient du fait que les périodes de transformation risquent de provoquer le chaos, mais qu'elles sont également porteuses de rapides progrès sur le plan social et économique, le CRDI est intervenu dans quelque 25 pays ayant amorcé une transition de la guerre à la paix, de la dictature à la démocratie ou d'une ...

Harry Potter 

OpenAIRE

Montabone, Benoît

2013-01-01

Le monde imaginaire créé par J. K. Rowling s’organise autour de lieux où sont concentrés sorciers, habitations, bâtiments, monuments et créatures fantastiques. Ces lieux sont nettement séparés du monde des « moldus » (les non-sorciers) par des frontières magiques qui délimitent de ce fait un territoire. Mais le monde ainsi créé n’est pas un monde parallèle, car il est imbriqué au monde réel. De monde imaginaire, il devient un monde raccroché, à la fois proche et lointain du monde réel, complè...

Aloin Inhibits Interleukin (IL)-1β-Stimulated IL-8 Production in KB Cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Na, Hee Sam; Song, Yu Ri; Kim, Seyeon; Heo, Jun-Young; Chung, Hae-Young; Chung, Jin

2016-06-01

Interleukin (IL)-1β, which is elevated in oral diseases including gingivitis, stimulates epithelial cells to produce IL-8 and perpetuate inflammatory responses. This study investigates stimulatory effects of salivary IL-1β in IL-8 production and determines if aloin inhibits IL-1β-stimulated IL-8 production in epithelial cells. Saliva was collected from volunteers to determine IL-1β and IL-8 levels. Samples from volunteers were divided into two groups: those with low and those with high IL-1β levels. KB cells were stimulated with IL-1β or saliva with or without IL-1 receptor agonist or specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. IL-8 production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MAPK protein expression involved in IL-1β-induced IL-8 secretion was detected by Western blot. KB cells were pretreated with aloin, and its effect on IL-1β-induced IL-8 production was examined by ELISA and Western blot analysis. Saliva with high IL-1β strongly stimulated IL-8 production in KB cells, and IL-1 receptor agonist significantly inhibited IL-8 production. Low IL-1β-containing saliva did not increase IL-8 production. IL-1β treatment of KB cells induced activation of MAPK signaling molecules as well as nuclear factor-kappa B. IL-1β-induced IL-8 production was decreased by p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor treatment. Aloin pretreatment inhibited IL-1β-induced IL-8 production in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited activation of the p38 and ERK signaling pathway. Finally, aloin pretreatment also inhibited saliva-induced IL-8 production. Results indicated that IL-1β in saliva stimulates epithelial cells to produce IL-8 and that aloin effectively inhibits salivary IL-1β-induced IL-8 production by mitigating the p38 and ERK pathway. Therefore, aloin may be a good candidate for modulating oral inflammatory diseases.

Relatório de estágio – Hospital dos Capuchos

OpenAIRE

Rodrigues, Charles

2012-01-01

Este trabalho foi realizado, durante o ano de 2010 e 2011, no serviço de Neurocirurgia, do Hospital Santo António dos Capuchos e São José. O objectivo passou pela avaliação e reabilitação de doentes com limitações cognitivas e da linguagem. Foram efectuados dois acompanhamentos específicos de doentes, um dos casos apresentava uma Afasia Global e o outro caso uma Afasia Transcortical Motora, associadas a disfunções cognitivas. Os pacientes, após intervenção cirúrgica foram avaliados e su...

IL-1 family members IL-18 and IL-33 upregulate the inflammatory potential of differentiated human Th1 and Th2 cultures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Blom, Lars; Poulsen, Lars K.

2012-01-01

The IL-1 family members IL-1ß, IL-18, and IL-33 are potent cytokines in relationship to amplifying the CD4(+) T cell cytokine production. To evaluate their impact on in vitro-differentiated human Th1 and Th2 cultures, such cultures were established from naive T cells, purified from healthy blood...... donors, and reactivated in the presence of IL-1ß, IL-18, or IL-33. Interestingly, we observe modifying responses in Th1 and Th2 cultures induced by IL-18 or IL-33 but not by IL-1ß, both contributing to amplify production of IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-¿. IL-18 or IL-33 stimulation of Th1 cultures resulted...... in increased IFN-¿ and IL-13 production concurrent with reduced IL-10 gene transcription and secretion even though Th1 cultures, in contrast to IL-18Ra, had low ST2L expression. Furthermore, adding IL-18 to Th1 cultures promoted Tbet mRNA expression and production. Th2 cultures stimulated with IL-18 or IL-33...

Classificação e caracterização de estágios sucessionais em remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Mista na Flona de São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brasil.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Solon Jonas Longhi

2010-08-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho integra o conjunto de estudos e pesquisas previstas no Projeto Ecológico de Longa Duração - PELD/CNPq, instalado FLONA de São Francisco de Paula, RS. Teve como objetivo identificar e caracterizar os diferentes estágios sucessionais de remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Mista. O trabalho foi realizado em dez conglomerados permanentes de 100m x 100m (10.000m2, os quais foram divididos em dez faixas de 10m x 100m (1.000m2 e estas subdivididas em dez subunidades de 10m x 10m (100m2. Para a presente pesquisa, foi sorteada uma faixa de 10m x 100m para cada conglomerado, totalizando cem subunidades amostrais (parcelas onde foram instaladas, na altura do DAP, bandas (cintas dendrométricas em todas as árvores com CAP > 30cm, para medição anual dos diâmetros. A análise de agrupamento foi realizada por meio do programa Twinspan, utilizando uma matriz de dados com 99 parcelas (uma foi desconsiderada por não apresentar indivíduos com CAP > 30cm tendo como variável o incremento anual em diâmetro (obtido de 2 anos de observação de 69 espécies. Obtiveram-se três grupos florísticos que indicaram estágios sucessionais na floresta: um grupo separou um estágio sucessional menos evoluído denominado de mata secundária, tendo Nectandra megapotamica e Cryptocarya aschersoniana como espécies indicadoras; um segundo grupo indicando um estágio sucessional intermediário da floresta, com Sebastiania commersoniana e Ocotea pulchella como espécies indicadoras; e um terceiro grupo constituído da floresta primária cuja espécie indicadora foi Araucaria angustifolia.

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the IL-20-IL-20R1-IL-20R2 complex

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Logsdon, Naomi J.; Allen, Christopher E.; Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R.; Walter, Mark R. (Cornell); (UAB)

2012-02-08

Interleukin-20 (IL-20) is an IL-10-family cytokine that regulates innate and adaptive immunity in skin and other tissues. In addition to protecting the host from various external pathogens, dysregulated IL-20 signaling has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of human psoriasis. IL-20 signals through two cell-surface receptor heterodimers, IL-20R1-IL-20R2 and IL-22R1-IL-20R2. In this report, crystals of the IL-20-IL-20R1-IL-20R2 ternary complex have been grown from polyethylene glycol solutions. The crystals belonged to space group P4{sub 1}2{sub 1}2 or P4{sub 3}2{sub 1}2, with unit-cell parameters a = 111, c = 135 {angstrom}, and diffracted X-rays to 3 {angstrom} resolution. The crystallographic asymmetric unit contains one IL-20-IL-20R1-IL-20R2 complex, corresponding to a solvent content of approximately 54%.

Study on the changes of serum IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF levels in patients with diabetic nephrosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qin Wenjing

2005-01-01

Objective: To investigate the changes of serum IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF levels in patients with diabetic nephrosis. Methods: Serum IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF levels were measured with RIA in 38 patients with diabetic nephrosis and 36 controls. Results: Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF were significantly higher in patients with diabetic nephrosis than those in controls (P<0.01), but serum IL-2 levels were significantly lower in the patients (P<0.01). Conclusion: These cytokines participated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephrosis. Monitoring the changes of their serum levels was helpful for the management of the disease. (authors)

ESTIMA, a tool for EST management in a multi-project environment.

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Charu G; LeDuc, Richard; Gong, George; Roinishivili, Levan; Lewin, Harris A; Liu, Lei

2004-11-04

://titan.biotec.uiuc.edu/ESTIMA/. The entity-relationship (E-R) diagrams and the programs used to generate the Oracle database tables are also available. We have also provided detailed installation instructions and a tutorial at the same website. Presently the chromatograms, EST databases and their annotations have been made available for cattle and honeybee brain EST projects. Non-academic users need to contact the W.M. Keck Center for Functional and Comparative Genomics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, for licensing information.

Expression of IL-18, IL-18 Binding Protein, and IL-18 Receptor by Normal and Cancerous Human Ovarian Tissues: Possible Implication of IL-18 in the Pathogenesis of Ovarian Carcinoma

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Liat Medina

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 has been shown to be elevated in the sera of ovarian carcinoma patients. The aim of the study was to examine the levels and cellular origin of IL-18, IL-18 binding protein, and IL-18 receptor in normal and cancerous ovarian tissues. Ovarian tissue samples were examined by immunohistochemical staining for IL-18, IL-18BP, and IL-18R and mRNA of these cytokines was analyzed with semiquantitative PT-PCR. IL-18 levels were significantly higher in cancerous ovarian tissues (P=0.0007, IL-18BP levels were significantly higher in normal ovarian tissues (P=0.04, and the ratio of IL-18/IL-18BP was significantly higher in cancerous ovarian tissues (P=0.036. Cancerous ovarian tissues expressed significantly higher IL-18 mRNA levels (P=0.025, while there was no difference in the expression of IL-18BP mRNA and IL-18R mRNA between cancerous and normal ovarian tissues. IL-18 and IL-18BP were expressed dominantly in the epithelial cells of both cancerous and normal ovarian tissues, while IL-18R was expressed dominantly in the epithelial cells of cancerous ovarian tissues but expressed similarly in the epithelial and stromal cells of normal cancerous tissues. This study indicates a possible role of IL-18, IL-18BP, and IL-18R in the pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Procedimentos estéticos: percepção do cliente quanto ao esclarecimento para a tomada de decisão

OpenAIRE

Auricchio,Ana Maria; Massarollo,Maria Cristina Komatsu Braga

2007-01-01

O trabalho verificou a percepção do cliente quanto ao esclarecimento e à liberdade para tomada de decisão na realização de procedimentos estéticos. A amostra foi de 44 clientes, freqüentadores da Clínica do estudo. A coleta de dados foi realizada com instrumento de 28 proposições, classificadas nas categorias: Informação, Competência e Liberdade, e duas escalas para percepção dos clientes quanto ao esclarecimento das informações e a liberdade para tomada de decisão. Os resultados mostraram pr...

Clinical significance of changes of levels of serum IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and gastrin in patients with chronic eczema

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang Haifeng; Bi Mingye; Shi Hejian

2009-01-01

Objective: To study the significance of changes of serum IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and Gastrin levels in patients with chronic eczema. Methods: Serum levels of IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and Gastrin were determined with RIA in 30 patients with chronic eczema and 30 controls. Results: The levels of serum IL-2 were significantly lower in the eczema patients than those in controls (P 0.05). Both serum IL-10 and Gastrin levels were significantly higher in the patients than those in controls (P<0.01). Conclusion: Determination of serum IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and Gastrin levels in patients with chronic eczema would be of help in monitoring the disease process and outcome prediction. (authors)

Clinical significance of determination of some serum cytokines (IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, M-CSF) levels in patients with periodontitis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wei Dong; Zhang Xiaolei; Yang Chunxiu; Chen Guanghua

2008-01-01

Objective: To explore the significance of changes of serum IL-8, IL-10, IL-18 and M-CSF levels in patients with periodontitis. Methods: Serum levels of IL-8, IL-10, M-CSF (with RIA) and IL-18 (with ELISA) were measured in 55 patients with periodontitis both before and after treatment as well as in 35 controls. Results: Before treatment, serum levels of IL-8, IL-10, IL-18 and M-CSF were significantly higher in the patients than those in the controls (P<0.01). After one month of treatment, the serum IL-8, IL-10, IL-18 and M-CSF levels decreased somewhat, but were still significantly higher than those in controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: There was disturbance of immunomodulation in patients with periodontitis as expressed by the changes of several cytokines levels in the eourse of the diseases. (authors)

Relations Between Serum Essential Fatty Acids, Cytokines (IL-6 & IL ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The aim of this study was to investigate the relations between free radical generation, interleukins (IL-6 & IL-8), apoptotic marker soluble Fas (sFas), and the level of ... IL-6, IL-8 and sFas whereas serum fatty acid revealed that Linoleicacid (LA) and alpha linolenic acid (ALA) were significantly decreased in the studied cases .

Identification and Characterization of a Novel IL-4 Receptor α Chain (IL-4Rα Antagonist to Inhibit IL-4 Signalling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nayyar Ahmed

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Background/Aims: In recent times, allergy has become a financial, physical and psychological burden to the society as a whole. In allergic cascades, cytokine IL-4 binds to IL-4 receptor (IL-4R, consequently producing allergen-specific IgE antibodies by B cells. In addition, among other functions, IL-4 is also responsible for B and T cell proliferation and differentiation. Hence, characterization of novel antagonists that inhibit IL-4 signalling forms the overall aim of this study. Methods: Phage display was used to screen a random 12-mer synthetic peptide library with a human IL-4Rα to identify peptide candidates. Once identified, the peptides were commercially synthesized and used for in vitro immunoassays. Results: We have successfully used phage display to identify M13 phage clones that demonstrated specific binding to IL-4Rα. The peptide N1 was synthesized for use in ELISA, demonstrating significant binding to IL-4Rα and inhibiting interaction with cytokine IL-4. Furthermore, the peptide was tested in a transfected HEK-Blue IL-4 reporter cell line model, which produces alkaline phosphatase (AP. QUANTI-Blue, a substrate, breaks down in the presence of AP producing a blue coloration. Using this colorimetric analysis, >50% inhibition of IL-4 signalling was achieved. Conclusion: We have successfully identified and characterised a synthetic peptide antagonist against IL-4Rα, which effectively inhibits IL-4 interaction with the IL-4Rα in vitro. Since IL-4 interaction with IL-4Rα is a common pathway for many allergies, a prophylactic treatment can be devised by inhibiting this interaction for future treatment of allergies.

Ponto de colheita e maturação de frutos de camu-camu colhidos em diferentes estádios

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Patrícia Maria Pinto

2013-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o ponto de colheita e caracterizar a pós-colheita de frutos de camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia colhidos em diferentes estádios de maturação. A colheita dos frutos foi realizada em quatro estádios de maturação, definidos pela cor da casca: verde, verde-avermelhada, vermelho-esverdeada e roxa. O armazenamento foi feito em câmaras de refrigeração a 22±1°C e 85±5% UR. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com cinco períodos de armazenamento: 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias. Foram avaliados: atividade respiratória; produção de etileno; coloração da casca verificada pelo ângulo de cor e coordenadas de cromaticidade a* e b*; firmeza; perda de massa de matéria fresca; teores de clorofilas, antocianinas, sólidos solúveis e ácido ascórbico; acidez titulável; e incidência de podridão. Os picos de produção de CO2 e etileno ocorreram após a colheita. Os teores de clorofilas e antocianinas variaram com a mudança na coloração da casca de verde para roxa, o que confirmou a maturação dos frutos. Os teores de ácido ascórbico variaram de 759,02 mg por 100 g, no estádio verde, a 1.071,12 mg por 100 g, no roxo. Os frutos colhidos totalmente roxos têm reduzida vida pós-colheita. A maior qualidade pós-colheita do camu-camu é obtida quando os frutos são colhidos com coloração vermelho-esverdeada.

‘Il n’y a que Superman qui porte le slip par-dessus le pantalon’ – les clivées en il n’y a que x qui

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Karssenberg Lena

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Dans cet article, je me propose d’étudier les clivées en il y a qui contiennent la tournure de restriction ne… que, comme Il n’y a que Superman qui porte le slip par-dessus le pantalon (voir Jeanjean 1979 ; Pierrard 1985 ; Léard 1992 ; Furukawa 1996. Je répondrai à deux questions principales, à savoir (i Quelle est la distribution de ces clivées à travers deux registres différents de français ? (ii Quelles sont leurs caractéristiques au niveau de la Structure de l’Information ? Une analyse de corpus nous amène à la conclusion que, premièrement, ce type de clivée est beaucoup plus fréquent en français écrit informel qu’en français écrit journalistique. Deuxièmement, les données de corpus contiennent trois types d’articulations informationnelles, dont seule la première a été mentionnée dans la littérature linguistique sur les phrases en il n’y a que x qui : (i dans les clivées focus – arrière-fond, l’élément clivé (Superman est en focus, alors que l’information exprimée par la phrase relative représente l’arrière-fond. (ii Dans l’articulation ‘à double focus’, (une partie de l’élément clivé et (une partie de la phrase relative sont focalisé(es. Finalement, (iii l’élément clivé peut également être un topique spatio-temporel qui sert d’encadrement de l’information exprimée par la phrase relative. En outre, plusieurs clivées ont une articulation informationnelle ambiguë en raison du fait que l’information nouvelle en discours peut être réinterprétée par l’interlocuteur comme donnée en discours par un processus d’ « accommodation » (Lewis 1979.

galaxieEST: addressing EST identity through automated phylogenetic analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Nilsson, R Henrik; Rajashekar, Balaji; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Ursing, Björn M

2004-07-05

Research involving expressed sequence tags (ESTs) is intricately coupled to the existence of large, well-annotated sequence repositories. Comparatively complete and satisfactory annotated public sequence libraries are, however, available only for a limited range of organisms, rendering the absence of sequences and gene structure information a tangible problem for those working with taxa lacking an EST or genome sequencing project. Paralogous genes belonging to the same gene family but distinguished by derived characteristics are particularly prone to misidentification and erroneous annotation; high but incomplete levels of sequence similarity are typically difficult to interpret and have formed the basis of many unsubstantiated assumptions of orthology. In these cases, a phylogenetic study of the query sequence together with the most similar sequences in the database may be of great value to the identification process. In order to facilitate this laborious procedure, a project to employ automated phylogenetic analysis in the identification of ESTs was initiated. galaxieEST is an open source Perl-CGI script package designed to complement traditional similarity-based identification of EST sequences through employment of automated phylogenetic analysis. It uses a series of BLAST runs as a sieve to retrieve nucleotide and protein sequences for inclusion in neighbour joining and parsimony analyses; the output includes the BLAST output, the results of the phylogenetic analyses, and the corresponding multiple alignments. galaxieEST is available as an on-line web service for identification of fungal ESTs and for download / local installation for use with any organism group at http://galaxie.cgb.ki.se/galaxieEST.html. By addressing sequence relatedness in addition to similarity, galaxieEST provides an integrative view on EST origin and identity, which may prove particularly useful in cases where similarity searches return one or more pertinent, but not full, matches and

Cultivares e estádios de Colheita no Rendimento Forrageiro da Soja

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Milanez de Rezende

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de verificar a influência do estádio de colheita sobre a produção e a qualidade do feno de duas cultivares de soja foi conduzido ensaio em Lavras, MG, no ano agrícola 2001/02. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com três repetições, compreendendo duas cultivares (Conquista e Monsoy 8400 e cinco estádios de corte (R2, R3, R4, R5 e R6. As cultivares afetaram apenas o rendimento de proteína do feno. Os maiores rendimentos de matéria seca, feno e proteínas foram obtidos com os cortes nos estádios R4, R5 e R6. Quanto ao rendimento de proteína bruta, verificou-se queda após o corte em R5. Esta redução, provavelmente, associada a efeito de estresse hídrico e ou diluição da proteína na matéria seca. O estádio de desenvolvimento R4 apresentou a melhor opção de corte para fenação, independentemente da cultivar. A cultivar Monsoy 8400 apresentou maior rendimento de proteína bruta que a cultivar Conquista.

Functional Implications of the IL-23/IL-17 Immune Axis in Schizophrenia.

Science.gov (United States)

Debnath, Monojit; Berk, Michael

2017-12-01

The aetiology of schizophrenia seems to stem from complex interactions amongst environmental, genetic, metabolic, immunologic and oxidative components. Chronic low-grade inflammation has been persistently linked to schizophrenia, and this has primarily been based on the findings derived from Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. While the IL-23/IL-17 axis plays crucial role in the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated disorders, it has remained relatively unexplored in neuropsychiatric disorders. Altered levels of cytokines related to IL-23/IL-17 axis have been observed in schizophrenia patients in a few studies. In addition, other indirect factors known to confer schizophrenia risk like complement activation and altered gut microbiota are shown to modulate the IL-23/IL-17 axis. These preliminary observations provide crucial clues about the functional implications of IL-23/IL-17 axis in schizophrenia. In this review, an attempt has been made to highlight the biology of IL-23/IL-17 axis and its relevance to schizophrenia risk and pathogenesis. Given the pathogenic potential of the IL-23/IL-17 axis, therapeutic targeting of this axis may be a promising approach to benefit patients suffering from this devastating disorder.

Pourquoi certains verbes admettent-ils les objets implicites indéfinis ? Une réponse pragmatique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bourmayan Anouch

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Les objets implicites indéfinis – ou OIIs – sont des constituants de sens correspondant sur un plan sémantique à des arguments objet de valeur indéfinie. Ils sont donc paraphrasables par des compléments d'objet direct indéfinis. Cependant, ces constituants sont implicites, au sens où ils n'apparaissent pas dans la forme de surface de l'énoncé. Ainsi, lorsque j'affirme (1, mon énoncé présente les mêmes conditions de vérité que (2 : (1 Marie mange. (2 Marie mange quelque chose. Affirmer que Marie mange, c'est bien affirmer que Marie mange quelque chose. Et comprendre l'énoncé en (1, c'est comprendre qu'il signifie (2. En d'autres termes, (1 met en jeu un OII. Or il semble que parmi les verbes pouvant apparaître avec un complément d'objet direct, tous n'admettent pas l'omission de l'objet et l'interprétation avec un OII. Ainsi, on ne peut pas dire « je suis en train de mettre », au sens de « je suis en train de mettre quelque chose ». Comment expliquer ce contraste entre « manger « et « mettre » ? Plus généralement, comment rendre compte de la distribution des OIIs ? Dans cet article, j'examine tour à tour quatre analyses qui ont été proposées dans la littérature, à savoir l'approche lexicaliste arbitraire, selon laquelle la capacité d'un verbe à admettre les OIIs est déterminée lexicalement mais ne peut être dérivée d'aucun autre trait sémantique du verbe, l'approche lexicaliste aspectuelle, selon laquelle la capacité d'un verbe à admettre les OIIs est déterminée lexicalement, mais peut être dérivée des propriétés aspectuelles du verbe, l'approche lexicaliste événementielle, selon laquelle la capacité d'un verbe à admettre les OIIs est déterminée par la nature de la structure événementielle du verbe, et l'approche constructionniste, selon laquelle les OIIs sont autorisés par des constructions grammaticales spécifiques qui font partie de la connaissance grammaticale des

Psoriasis is not associated with IL-12p70/IL-12p40 production and IL12B promoter polymorphism

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Litjens, Nicolle H R; van der Plas, Mariena J A; Ravensbergen, Bep

2004-01-01

Psoriasis is a type-1 T cell-mediated, chronic inflammatory disease. Since interleukin (IL)-12p70 promotes the development of type-1 T cells, we investigated whether psoriasis is associated with an increased production of this cyctokine by blood cells. Results revealed that the production of IL-12p....... The frequencies of the various genotypes for the promoter region of the gene encoding IL-12p40 (IL12B) did not differ between psoriasis patients and controls. No association was observed between the various IL12B promoter genotypes and the LPS-stimulated production of IL-12p70 or IL-12p40 by blood cells. Together......, psoriasis is not associated with a promoter polymorphism in the IL12B gene nor with the production of IL-12p70 by LPS-stimulated blood cells....

Fasting induces IL-1 resistance and free fatty acid-mediated up-regulation of IL-1R2 and IL-1RA

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jenifer j joesting

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Objective: Weight loss is a near societal obsession and many diet programs use significant calorie restriction (CR including fasting/short term starvation to generate rapid effects. Fasting is also a well-recognized cause of immunosuppression especially within the innate immune system. In this study, we sought to determine if the IL-1 arm of the neuroimmune system was down-regulated by a 24 hr fast and how fasting might generate this effect. Design: Mice were allowed ad libitum access to food or had food withheld for 24 hrs. Expression of the endogenous IL-1 antagonists IL-1 receptor type 2 (IL-1R2 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA were determined as were sickness behaviors before and after IL-1 administration.Results: Fasting markedly increased gene expression of IL-1R2 (83-fold in adipose tissue, 9.5-fold in liver and IL-1RA (68-fold in liver. Fasted mice were protected from IL-1-induced weight loss, hypoglycemia, loss of locomotor and social anxiety. These protections were coupled to a large positive interaction of fasting and IL-1 on IL-1R2 gene expression in adipose tissue and liver (2.6-fold and 1.6-fold, respectively. Fasting not only increased IL-1RA and IL-1R2 protein 2.5-fold and 3.2-fold, respectively, in liver; but also increased IL-1R2 1.8-fold in adipose tissue. Fasting, in turn, triggered a 2.4-fold increase in plasma free-fatty acids (FFAs and a 2.1-fold increase in plasma corticosterone. Inhibition, of glucocorticoid action with mifepristone did not impact fasting-dependent IL-1R2 or IL-1RA gene expression. Administration of the FFA, palmitate, to mice increased liver IL-1R2 and IL-1RA gene expression by 14-fold and 11-fold, respectively. Conclusion: These findings indicate that fasting augments expression of endogenous IL-1 antagonists inducing IL-1 resistance. Fasting-induced increases in plasma FFAs appears to be a signal that drives immunosuppression during fasting/short term starvation.

Clinical significance of measurement of changes of serum IL-6, IL-18 and IL-1β levels after treatment in patients with endometriosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Chunyan; Zhang Shumin; Zhou Dongxia; Wang Enbo

2008-01-01

Objective: To explore the clinical significance of changes of serum IL-6, IL-18 and IL-1β levels after treatment in patients with endometriosis. Methods: Serum IL-6 (with RIA) and IL-18, IL-1β (with ELISA) levels were determined in 38 patients with endometriosis both before and after treatment as well as 35 controls. Results: Before treatment, the serum IL-6, IL- 18 and IL-1β levels were significantly higher in the patients than those in controls (P 0.05). Conclusion: Detection of serum IL-6, IL-18 and IL- 1β levels might reflect the progress of diseases in patients with endometriosis. (authors)

Déchets nucléaires : où est le problème ?

CERN Document Server

Sorin, Francis

2015-01-01

Faut-il avoir peur des déchets nucléaires ? Sont-ils vraiment, comme le pense une partie du public, ce fardeau empoisonné ingérable faisant peser une menace fatale sur nous-mêmes et sur nos descendants ? Ou sont-ils au contraire, comme l'estime la grande majorité des scientifiques, des résidus que l'on sait fort bien conditionner et mettre hors d'état de nuire ? Entre le public inquiet et les ingénieurs rassurants, comment comprendre l'immense décalage des attitudes ? Et comment, face à ces déchets laissés en héritage, faire la part des choses entre ceux qui dénoncent "un crime contre les générations futures" et ceux qui jugent "la difficulté résolue" ? Bref, "Où est le problème ?" Sans craindre de bousculer bien des idées reçues mais sans méconnaître les risques encourus, Francis Sorin éclaire ici en quelques chapitres percutants les problèmes et les solutions liés à la gestion de ces déchets en France. II s'attache particulièrement au devenir des déchets de haute activité et...

Paul Jorion, Vers la crise du capitalisme américain

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Claude Dubar

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Paul Jorion est un anthropologue qui s’est donné comme objet de recherche le capitalisme financier américain et sa crise. Le fait n’est pas courant : passer au cours de sa carrière de chercheur de l’étude des paludiers français et de l’apprentissage de leur métier (cf. Delbos et Jorion, La transmission des savoirs, Ed. de la MSH, 1984 à l’analyse du système financier américain suppose à la fois une grande curiosité intellectuelle et une grande flexibilité mentale. L’ouvrage dont il est ici q...

Seasonal influenza A/H3N2 virus infection and IL-1Β, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-28 polymorphisms in Iranian population.

Science.gov (United States)

Rogo, Lawal Dahiru; Rezaei, Farhad; Marashi, Seyed Mahdi; Yekaninejad, Mir Saeed; Naseri, Maryam; Ghavami, Nastaran; Mokhtari-Azad, Talat

2016-12-01

Increased blood cytokines is the main immunopathological process that were attributed to severe clinical outcomes in cases of influenza A/H3N2 virus infection. The study was aimed to investigate the polymorphisms of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-28 genes to find the possibility of their association with the clinical outcome of influenza A/H3N2 virus infection among the infected patients in Iran. This is a Case-Control study in which influenza A/H3N2 virus positive confirmed with real-time PCR were the cases. DNA samples from groups were genotyped for polymorphisms in rs16944 (IL-1β), rs1800872 (IL-10), rs2275913 (IL-17), and rs8099917 (IL-28). Confidence interval (95%CI) and Odds ratio (OR) were calculated. IL-17 rs2275913 (GG and AG) were associated with risk of infection with that were statistically significant (P rs16944) (GG) was associated with reduced risk of infection (P < 0.01, OR = 0.46). Genotype GG and GT of IL-10 (rs1800872) were associated with increased risk of infection with influenza A/H3N2 virus (P < 0.05, OR = 2.04-2.58). In addition, IL-28 (rs8099917) genotypes GG (P < 0.05, OR = 0.49) and TG (P < 0.05, OR = 0.59) were associated with reduced risk of ILI symptom while genotype TT (P < 0.01, OR = 4.31) was associated with increased risk of ILI symptom. The results of this study demonstrated that polymorphisms of genes involved in the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory process affect the outcome of disease caused by influenza A/H3N2 virus. Thorough insight on host immune response at the time of influenza A virus infection is required to ensure adequate patient care in the case of feature outbreaks. J. Med. Virol. 88:2078-2084, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Recherche sur le paranormal et croyances irrationnelles: quel est le lien?

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Marie-Catherine Mousseau

2005-06-01

Full Text Available A la fin du 19ième siècle, les phénomènes paranormaux étaient couramment étudiés et débattus par les scientifiques les plus renommés (l'astronome Camille Flammarion, les physiciens William Crook et Oliver Lodge, les prix Nobel Charles Richet, Pierre et Marie Curie, .... Les débats étaient intenses et de haut niveau. Leurs travaux étaient généralement publiés dans des journaux prestigieux. Ce champ d'étude était appelé 'métapsychique'. Aujourd'hui, les questions qu'ils avaient soulevées sont complètement ignorées par la communauté scientifique. Ses représentants prétendent que le débat est clos et le considèrent démodé et ridicule. C'est devenu une sorte de 'tabou', 'un des plus puissants interdits des temps modernes'.

Controle de estímulos e história comportamental em humanos

OpenAIRE

Paulo Guerra Soares

2008-01-01

O objetivo foi observar o efeito de uma exposição a um mult FR-DRL sobre o comportamento subseqüente em um mult FI-FI, quando os mesmos controles de estímulo foram mantidos. Participaram quatro universitários, cuja tarefa experimental consistia em pressionar o botão esquerdo do mouse com o cursor sobre um botão (botão de resposta) que aparecia no monitor do computador. Ao ser cumprida a contingência de reforço programada, um smile aparecia no canto superior direito do monitor e, para que um p...

Pregnancy, but not the allergic status, influences spontaneous and induced interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 responses.

Science.gov (United States)

Amoudruz, Petra; Minang, Jacob Taku; Sundström, Yvonne; Nilsson, Caroline; Lilja, Gunnar; Troye-Blomberg, Marita; Sverremark-Ekström, Eva

2006-09-01

In this study, we investigated how pregnancy influences cytokine production in response to stimulation of the innate and the adaptive immune system, respectively. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from allergic (n = 44) and non-allergic (n = 36) women were collected at three time-points: during the third trimester, at delivery and at a non-pregnant state 2 years after delivery. The production of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT). The spontaneous cytokine production, and the response following stimulation with agents that primarily activate the adaptive part of the immune system [phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), allergen extracts from cat and birch], or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that activate innate immunity was measured in vitro. There was a significantly higher spontaneous in vitro production of IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs during pregnancy than 2 years after pregnancy, and this was not affected by the allergic status of the women. Conversely, in PHA-stimulated cell cultures there was a lower production of IL-10 and IL-12 during pregnancy than 2 years after pregnancy. LPS-induced IL-6 levels were significantly lower in PBMCs obtained during pregnancy than at 2 years after pregnancy. In addition, we made the interesting observation that in allergic women total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were significantly lower 2 years after pregnancy compared to the levels during pregnancy. Taken together, our results indicate that while atopic allergy in women does not have a substantial effect on cytokine production, pregnancy has an obvious effect on the immune system in terms of cytokine production as well as on the total IgE levels.

Structure of IL-22 Bound to Its High-Affinity IL-22R1 Chain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jones, B.C.; Logsdon, N.J.; Walter, M.R. (UAB)

2008-09-29

IL-22 is an IL-10 family cytokine that initiates innate immune responses against bacterial pathogens and contributes to immune disease. IL-22 biological activity is initiated by binding to a cell-surface complex composed of IL-22R1 and IL-10R2 receptor chains and further regulated by interactions with a soluble binding protein, IL-22BP, which shares sequence similarity with an extracellular region of IL-22R1 (sIL-22R1). IL-22R1 also pairs with the IL-20R2 chain to induce IL-20 and IL-24 signaling. To define the molecular basis of these diverse interactions, we have determined the structure of the IL-22/sIL-22R1 complex. The structure, combined with homology modeling and surface plasmon resonance studies, defines the molecular basis for the distinct affinities and specificities of IL-22 and IL-10 receptor chains that regulate cellular targeting and signal transduction to elicit effective immune responses.

Análise tempo-intensidade dos estímulos doce e amargo de extrato de folhas de estévia [Stevia rebaudiana (Bert. Bertoni] em doçura equivalente a sacarose

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CARDELLO Helena Maria André Bolini

1999-01-01

Full Text Available O extrato de folhas de estévia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni é o único edulcorante utilizado na substituição da sacarose, que pode ser produzido totalmente no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os comportamentos de características temporais dos estímulos doce e amargo da estevia em doçuras equivalentes a soluções de sacarose (DESS a 3 e 10%. As curvas tempo-intensidade (T-I para cada substância foram coletadas utilizando-se o programa "Sistema de Coleta de Dados Tempo-Intensidade - SCDTI" para Windows, onde os provadores registravam com auxílio do "mouse" a percepção de cada estímulo solicitado em função do tempo, para cada amostra. Os parâmetros das curvas T-I coletados foram: tempo de intensidade máxima (TImax, intensidade máxima (Imax, tempo onde a intensidade máxima começa a declinar (Td, tempo de platô (Platô, área sob a curva (Área e tempo total de duração do estímulo (Ttot. Os parâmetros Td, Ttot, Área e Platô das curvas T-I para o estímulo doce nos dois níveis de doçura foram significativamente superiores para estévia, enquanto TImax e Imax foram significativamente menores (p£0,05, sendo que as diferenças entre os valores para as duas substâncias foram muito maiores a DESS a 10%. A sacarose não apresentou nenhum registro para o estímulo amargo tanto a 3 como a 10%, enquanto a estévia apresentou curvas T-I características, com intensidade e o tempo total de duração dependente da concentração.

Osteoma osteoide no osso ilíaco: relato de dois casos Osteoid osteoma in the iliac bone: report on two cases

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Elmano de Araújo Loures

2012-04-01

Full Text Available O osteoma osteoide é um tumor benigno do osso que se apresenta geralmente com dor noturna em adultos jovens, aliviada por repouso e salicilatos. Pode acometer qualquer osso, mas sua ocorrência no ilíaco é infrequente. Os autores descrevem dois casos de osteoma osteoide intramedular, localizado junto à articulação sacroilíaca, com sintomas que simulavam dor ciática e cujo diagnóstico se deu de forma tardia, apesar de o exame radiológico inicial mostrar lesão esclerótica em ambos os casos. O diagnóstico foi ratificado por tomografia computadorizada e o tratamento proposto foi a ressecção em bloco da lesão, com excisão do nidus. O diagnóstico definitivo foi confirmado pelo exame histopatológico. No seguimento de longo prazo, ambos estão assintomáticos e observou-se completa remodelação óssea no sítio cirúrgico. Os autores enfatizam as características típicas do tumor, a localização não usual, o diagnóstico diferencial e o tratamento.Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor that generally presents with nighttime pain among young adults and is relieved by rest and salicylates. It can affect any bone, but occurrences in the iliac are unusual. The authors describe two cases of intramedullary osteoid osteoma next to the sacroiliac joint, with symptoms that simulated sciatic pain. The cases were diagnosed late, although the initial radiographs showed sclerotic lesions in both cases. The diagnosis was confirmed by means of CT scan and the nidus was excised surgically through en bloc resection. The definitive diagnosis was given by means of histopathological examination. Over long-term follow-up, both cases remained asymptomatic and complete bone remodeling at the surgical site was observed. The authors highlight the typical characteristics of the tumor, the unusual location, the differential diagnosis and the treatment.

Femmes cinéastes en France : l'après-mai 68

OpenAIRE

ROLLET, Brigitte

2006-01-01

Agnès Varda, Coline Serreau, Nelly Kaplan, trois noms parmi des dizaines qui illustrent chacun à leur manière une nouvelle façon de faire du cinéma : même si la carrière de la première est antérieure à mai 68, son nom comme celui des autres est lié à ce qu’on appellera dans les années 1970 le « cinéma des femmes ». Cet article propose une interrogation sur ce cinéma au féminin, afin d’envisager à la fois le contexte particulier dans lequel il émerge, les problématiques qu’il soulève, et ce en...

Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer Patients: Rise in Interleukin 6 (IL-6) but not IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}, MIP-1-{alpha}, and LIF Levels

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira Lopes, Carlos [Universidade do Vale do Paraiba, Centro de Oncologia Radioterapica do Vale do Paraiba, Universidade do Vale do Paraiba Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraiba, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo (Brazil); Callera, Fernando, E-mail: fcallera@gmail.com [Centro de Hematologia Onco-hematologia e Transplantes de Medula Ossea do Vale do Paraiba, Sao Paulo (Brazil)

2012-03-15

Purpose: To investigate the effect of radiotherapy (RT) on serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-{alpha}), macrophage inflammatory protein-1-alpha (MIP-1-{alpha}) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in patients with prostate cancer. Methods and Materials: Forty eight patients with prostate cancer received three-dimensional conformal blocking radiation therapy with a linear accelerator. IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, TNF-{alpha}, MIP-1-{alpha}, and LIF levels were measured by the related immunoassay kit 1 day before the beginning of RT and during RT at days 15 and 30. Results: The mean IL-2 values were elevated before and during the RT in contrast with those of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, TNF-{alpha}, MIP-1-{alpha}, and LIF, which were within the normal range under the same conditions. Regarding markers IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-{alpha}, MIP-1-{alpha}, and LIF, comparisons among the three groups (before treatment and 15 and 30 days during RT) did not show significant differences. Although values were within the normal range, there was a significant rise in IL-6 levels at day 15 of RT (p = 0.0049) and a decline at day 30 to levels that were similar to those observed before RT. Conclusions: IL-6 appeared to peak after 15 days of RT before returning to pre-RT levels. In contrast, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-{alpha}, MIP-1-{alpha}, and LIF levels were not sensitive to irradiation. The increased levels of IL-6 following RT without the concurrent elevation of other cytokines involved in the acute phase reaction did not suggest a classical inflammatory response to radiation exposure. Further studies should be designed to elucidate the role of IL-6 levels in patients with prostate cancer treated with RT.

Balanced Scorecard et Pilotage de la Performance : Cas de la Division Forage

OpenAIRE

Abdelkader Baaziz; Mustapha Khelil

2006-01-01

" Une entreprise qui ne gagne que de l'argent est bien pauvre ! " disait Henry Ford. Cette phrase résume en fait la philosophie du " Balanced Sorecard ". En 1996, Kaplan et Norton formalisent pour la première fois, le concept de " The Balanced Scorecard ". La traduction française du Balanced Scorecard est " tableau de bord équilibré ", même si les concepteurs insistent sur le fait qu'il n'est pas un simple tableau de bord mais un système intégré de management pour suivre la mise en œuvre de l...

IL-4 function can be transferred to the IL-2 receptor by tyrosine containing sequences found in the IL-4 receptor alpha chain.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, H Y; Paul, W E; Keegan, A D

1996-02-01

IL-4 binds to a cell surface receptor complex that consists of the IL-4 binding protein (IL-4R alpha) and the gamma chain of the IL-2 receptor complex (gamma c). The receptors for IL-4 and IL-2 have several features in common; both use the gamma c as a receptor component, and both activate the Janus kinases JAK-1 and JAK-3. In spite of these similarities, IL-4 evokes specific responses, including the tyrosine phosphorylation of 4PS/IRS-2 and the induction of CD23. To determine whether sequences within the cytoplasmic domain of the IL-4R alpha specify these IL-4-specific responses, we transplanted the insulin IL-4 receptor motif (I4R motif) of the huIL-4R alpha to the cytoplasmic domain of a truncated IL-2R beta. In addition, we transplanted a region that contains peptide sequences shown to block Stat6 binding to DNA. We analyzed the ability of cells expressing these IL-2R-IL-4R chimeric constructs to respond to IL-2. We found that IL-4 function could be transplanted to the IL-2 receptor by these regions and that proliferative and differentiative functions can be induced by different receptor sequences.

ESTIMA, a tool for EST management in a multi-project environment

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Lewin Harris A

2004-11-01

an archived format from http://titan.biotec.uiuc.edu/ESTIMA/. The entity-relationship (E-R diagrams and the programs used to generate the Oracle database tables are also available. We have also provided detailed installation instructions and a tutorial at the same website. Presently the chromatograms, EST databases and their annotations have been made available for cattle and honeybee brain EST projects. Non-academic users need to contact the W.M. Keck Center for Functional and Comparative Genomics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, for licensing information.

Increased IL-10 mRNA and IL-23 mRNA expression in multiple sclerosis: interferon-beta treatment increases IL-10 mRNA expression while reducing IL-23 mRNA expression

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Krakauer, M.; Sorensen, P.; Khademi, M.

2008-01-01

volunteers served to confirm initial findings. mRNA was analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: We found elevated expression of interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-10 in untreated MS patients. IFN-beta therapy increased IL-10 and decreased IL-23 expression independently...... of the regulatory cytokine IL-10. The elevated IL-23 mRNA levels in MS patients are noteworthy in view of the newly discovered IL-23-driven Th17 T-cell subset, which is crucial in animal models of MS. Since IFN-beta therapy resulted in decreased IL-23 mRNA levels, the Th17 axis could be another target of IFN...

"Les villes intelligentes" : L’open data contribue-t-il à leur développement ?

OpenAIRE

Galoul, Allessia

2015-01-01

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de s’intéresser à la thématique des villes intelligentes et de comprendre comment la mise en place de plateformes de données ouvertes contribue aux développements des villes et, plus particulièrement, des villes intelligentes. De plus, il a également comme ambition de mettre en évidence les raisons qui poussent les villes à élaborer de tels portails. Ces dernières années, le phénomène d’urbanisation connaît une croissance importante au niveau mondial. C’est pourqu...

Relato do estágio curricular supervisionado do Ensino Fundamental III 2010/1

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Marili Lando Moura

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Neste relatório serão abordadas características de uma turma de alfabetização de 1º ano do primeiro segmento de uma escola municipal de Sinop, onde foi realizada a prática docente da disciplina de Estágio Curricular do Ensino Fundamental III do Curso de Pedagogia além do processo de desenvolvimento das práticas docentes, a descrição e análise crítica dos resultados obtidos tanto na docência como no processo de intervenção e as considerações finais. Apresentaremos também as referências bibliográficas de alguns autores, principalmente de Paulo Freire que serviram de suporte para fundamentar este trabalho.Palavras-chave: prática docente; análise crítica; processo de intervenção.

Potencial para estágios na área de administração pública: estudo de caso no município de Araraquara-SP

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Geralda Cristina de Freitas Ramalheiro

2017-11-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo foi o identificar o potencial do município de Araraquara para a promoção de vagas de estágio para o curso de Administração Pública da UNESP. Esta identificação foi guiada por quatro dimensões analíticas, que se entrelaçam e interferem diretamente na oferta de vagas para o estágio e na dinâmica de sua execução. Nota-se que esta avaliação foi embasada em pesquisas com dados secundários disponíveis na Fundação SEADE, no Relatório Anual de Informações Sociais, no IBGE, no portal do curso de Administração Pública da Universidade Estadual Paulista e no portal da prefeitura municipal de Araraquara. Constatou-se que o município apresenta elevado potencial para geração de vagas de estágio para o curso de Administração Pública no município. Contudo, apresenta uma competitividade, em termos de potencial para gerar vagas, maior que os outros municípios que ofertam cursos no “Campo de Públicas”. Nota-se que há,  proporcionalmente, um número menor de organizações ativas, logo os estudantes concorrem em um número maior por uma possível vaga.

IL6 and IL10 are genetic susceptibility factors of periodontal disease

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Luca Scapoli

2012-01-01

Conclusions: The present investigation indicated that polymorphisms of IL6 and IL10 constitute risk factors for chronic periodontitis, while there was no evidence implicating a specific IL1A or IL1B genotype.

IL-8 dictates glycosaminoglycan binding and stability of IL-18 in cystic fibrosis.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Reeves, Emer P

2010-02-01

Dysregulation of airway inflammation contributes to lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Inflammation is mediated by inflammatory cytokines, including IL-8, which illustrates an increase in biological half-life and proinflammatory activity when bound to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The aim of this project was to compare IL-8 and IL-18 for their relative stability, activity, and interaction with GAGs, including chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and heparan sulfate, present in high quantities in the lungs of patients with CF. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected from patients with CF (n = 28), non-CF controls (n = 14), and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 12). Increased levels of IL-8 and reduced concentrations of IL-18 were detected in bronchial samples obtained from CF individuals. The low level of IL-18 was not a defect in IL-18 production, as the pro- and mature forms of the molecule were expressed and produced by CF epithelial cells and monocytes. There was, however, a marked competition between IL-8 and IL-18 for binding to GAGs. A pronounced loss of IL-18 binding capacity occurred in the presence of IL-8, which displaced IL-18 from these anionic-matrices, rendering the cytokine susceptible to proteolytic degradation by neutrophil elastase. As a biological consequence of IL-18 degradation, reduced levels of IL-2 were secreted by Jurkat T lymphocytes. In conclusion, a novel mechanism has been identified highlighting the potential of IL-8 to determine the fate of other inflammatory molecules, such as IL-18, within the inflammatory milieu of the CF lung.

Study on the changes of serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in patients with coronary cardiac heart diseases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu Xiaozhuo; Yu Xian

2003-01-01

Objective: To study the role TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 played in the pathogenesis of coronary cardiac heart diseases. Methods: Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay in 32 patients with stable angina, 39 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 36 controls. Results: Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in all patients were higher than those in controls. Remarkably increased level were seen in acute myocardial infarction group. Difference between control and patient groups were: stable angina group TNF-α, p<0.05, IL-6, p<0.01 and IL-8, p<0.05; acute myocardial infarction group TNF-α, p<0.01, IL-1β, p<0.05, IL-6, p<0.001 and IL-8, p<0.001. Conclusion: There is close relationship between serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 levels and development of coronary cardiac heart disease. They play an important role in the pathogenesis through mutual induction and synergistic actions

The secreted form of the p40 subunit of interleukin (IL)-12 inhibits IL-23 functions and abrogates IL-23-mediated antitumour effects

Science.gov (United States)

Shimozato, Osamu; Ugai, Shin-ichi; Chiyo, Masako; Takenobu, Hisanori; Nagakawa, Hiroyasu; Wada, Akihiko; Kawamura, Kiyoko; Yamamoto, Hiroshi; Tagawa, Masatoshi

2006-01-01

Interleukin (IL)-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine consisting of a novel p19 molecule and the p40 subunit of IL-12. Since secreted p40 can act as an antagonist for IL-12, we investigated whether p40 also inhibited IL-23-mediated immunological functions. p40 did not induce interferon (IFN)-γ or IL-17 production from splenocytes but impaired IL-23-induced cytokine production by competitive binding to the IL-23 receptors. Furthermore, a mixed population of murine colon carcinoma Colon 26 cells transduced with the p40 gene and those transduced with the IL-23 gene developed tumours in syngenic mice, whereas the IL-23-expressing Colon 26 cells were completely rejected. p40 also suppressed IFN-γ production of antigen-stimulated splenocytes and IL-23-mediated cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activities in the mice that rejected Colon 26 cells expressing IL-23. p40 can thereby antagonize IL-23 and is a possible therapeutic agent for suppression of IL-23 functions. PMID:16423037

IL22/IL-22R pathway induces cell survival in human glioblastoma cells.

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Hussein Akil

Full Text Available Interleukin-22 (IL-22 is a member of the IL-10 cytokine family that binds to a heterodimeric receptor consisting of IL-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1 and IL-10R2. IL-22R expression was initially characterized on epithelial cells, and plays an essential role in a number of inflammatory diseases. Recently, a functional receptor was detected on cancer cells such as hepatocarcinoma and lung carcinoma, but its presence was not reported in glioblastoma (GBM. Two GBM cell lines and 10 primary cell lines established from patients undergoing surgery for malignant GBM were used to investigate the expression of IL-22 and IL-22R by using quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting and confocal microscopy studies. The role of IL-22 in proliferation and survival of GBM cell lines was investigated in vitro by BrdU and ELISA cell death assays. We report herein that the two subunits of the IL-22R complex are expressed on human GBM cells. Their activation, depending on exogenous IL-22, induced antiapoptotic effect and cell proliferation. IL-22 treatment of GBM cells resulted in increased levels of phosphorylated Akt, STAT3 signaling protein and its downstream antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL and decreased level of phosphorylated ERK1/2. In addition, IL-22R subunits were expressed in all the 10 tested primary cell lines established from GBM tumors. Our results showed that IL-22R is expressed on GBM established and primary cell lines. Depending on STAT3, ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways, IL-22 induced GBM cell survival. These data are consistent with a potential role of IL-22R in tumorigenesis of GBM. Since endogenous IL-22 was not detected in all studied GBM cells, we hypothesize that IL-22R could be activated by immune microenvironmental IL-22 producing cells.

IL-28 and IL-29 as protective markers in subject with dengue fever.

Science.gov (United States)

Hung, Chih-Hsing; Huang, Chung-Hao; Wang, Lin; Huang, Chun-Chi; Wu, Meng-Chieh; Chin, Yi-Ying; Lin, Chun-Yu; Chang, Ko; Wu, Deng-Chyang; Chen, Yen-Hsu

2017-06-01

About 400 million people every year are estimated to contract dengue virus infection, which causes prolonged morbidity and sometimes mortality. Interleukin (IL)-28 and IL-29 are relatively newly discovered cytokines and play an important role in our immune defense against pathogens, especially for viral infection. In the present study, we investigated serum IL-28 and IL-29 expression and the relationship to clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with dengue virus infection. Adult patients with dengue (n = 45) and control group (n = 24) were included prospectively. Clinical symptoms and laboratory data were collected from every patient. We investigated IL-28 and IL-29 levels in serum by ELISA. The concentrations of serum IL-28 and IL-29 were significantly higher in subjects with dengue when compared to those of control group. The patients with higher serum IL-28 and IL-29 levels had significantly lower ALAT and peripheral blood neutrophil percentage, but higher peripheral platelet, total white blood cell (WBC), monocyte, and lymphocyte counts. Patients with higher serum IL-28 and IL-29 levels also had more flu-like symptoms, but less vomiting. Increased level of IL-28 and IL-29 was associated with better liver function, platelet and WBC numbers and clinical symptom in subjects with dengue and could potentially serve as a protective marker.

Il-legitimacy in the eyes of the il-legitimated

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gerstroem, Anna

2013-01-01

The financial crisis has brought il-legitimacy to the center of organizational life in the banking industry. It is unfortunate that little is known about how organizational il-legitimacy is experienced and handled by the people who spend most of their wakening hours at work within...... these organizations. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap of knowledge by exploring how members of a bankrupted bank experience and handle attributions of organizational il-legitimacy: to investigate the phenomenon from an inside perspective - in the eyes of the people who undergo it. The paper has...... an inductive approach and offers an explorative analysis based on an in-depth study of qualitative interviews with 20 members of a bankrupted bank. The analysis shows that in bankers’ narrations, (il)legitimacy is central: as a problem and as a solution. The paper contributes to extant knowledge on (il...

Recombinant human growth-regulated oncogene-alpha induces T lymphocyte chemotaxis. A process regulated via IL-8 receptors by IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jinquan, T; Frydenberg, Jane; Mukaida, N

1995-01-01

receptors on the cells. This process can be augmented by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, and inhibited by IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. In addition, we also document that on T lymphocytes there exist IL-8 receptors that can be up-regulated by IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2. Our results demonstrate that rhGRO-alpha gene...

Interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-36γ but not IL-36Ra are related to acrosyringia in pustule formation associated with palmoplantar pustulosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Xiaoling, Y; Chao, W; Wenming, W; Feng, L; Hongzhong, J

2018-06-12

Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a refractory, nonbacterial impetigo confined to the palms and soles. Its pathogenesis is still obscure, but it may be associated with the large eccrine sweat glands and pores of palmoplantar skin. PPP is considered to be a localized pustular psoriasis. Interleukin (IL)-8, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra play important roles in the pathogenesis of pustular psoriasis, but their role in PPP is unclear. To evaluate IL-8, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra expression in PPP, and their relationship with acrosyringia and pustule formation. mRNA expression was quantified in skin samples from patients with PPP (n = 7), patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PSV; n = 8) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 6) by reverse-transcription-real-time PCR. Protein expression was characterized by immunohistochemistry (PPP, n = 17; PSV, n = 14; HCs, n = 12). Sweat ducts, including acrosyringia, were stained for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). IL-8 mRNA and protein were markedly increased in PPP lesions compared with PSV lesions or HC skin. IL-36γ mRNA and protein were significantly more abundant in PPP lesions than in HC skin. IL-36Ra mRNA was significantly overexpressed in PPP lesions compared with HC skin, but there was no difference in IL-36Ra protein between PPP, PSV and HCs. IL-8 was abundantly expressed by neutrophils in PPP pustules, while IL36Ra was localized in the keratinocytes of PPP, PSV and HC skin. IL-36γ and EMA were colocalized in cells surrounding PPP pustules, and IL-36γ was also expressed in sweat duct cells in the dermis. IL-8, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra are overexpressed in PPP lesions. IL-8, IL-36γ and acrosyringia, rather than IL-36Ra, are associated with pustule formation in PPP. © 2018 British Association of Dermatologists.

Genome-wide association study of genetic variants in LPS-stimulated IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1ra and TNF-α cytokine response in a Danish Cohort

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Margit Hørup; Albrechtsen, Anders; Thørner, Lise Wegner

2013-01-01

Cytokine response plays a vital role in various human lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infectious and inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to find genetic variants that might affect the levels of LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1ra and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α cytokine production....

Il danno alla persona del lavoratore: il mobbing orizzontale

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Riccardo Gentile

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Sommario:1. Il mobbing tra diritto civile e diritto del lavoro – 2. Il fenomeno mobbing: gli studi iniziali e la definizione – 3. Le concrete condotte integranti fattispecie di mobbing – 4. Onere della prova – 5. Il mobbing orizzontale – 6. L’elemento soggettivo di colpevolezza del da­tore di lavoro nella responsabilità ex art. 2087 c.c. per mobbing orizzontale

Associations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF gene and cytokine (IL-1B, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNFA genes combinations with type 2 diabetes mellitus in women

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Vladimir Iosifovich Konenkov

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Aim. To study the association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF and cytokine (IL1B, IL4, IL6, IL10 and TNFAgene polymorphism combinations with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM in women. Materials and methods. 374 Caucasian women without carbohydrate metabolism disorders from 23 to 68 years of age and 212 womenwith T2DM from 28 to 69 years of age were included in the study. The combinations of polymorphism А-2578С, С+936Т in VEGFgene with polymorphism in IL1B С-31Т, IL4 С-590Т, IL6 G-174C, IL10 A-592C and А-1082G, TNFA А-238G, A-308G and A-863Cwere studied. Results. Analysis revealed 52 combined genetic variations with different rate of occurrence between diabetic and control groups(р

LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DÉMOCRATIQUE

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Il en est ainsi parce que les normes et les idéaux qui stimulent la recherche scientifique sont également au coeur de la ... les fondements de toute saine démocratie. De même, certaines des recherches appliquées qu'appuie le CRDI peuvent con- .... criminalité et de la violence. En outre, une fois choisi leur propre mode de.

De l'atome au noyau une approche historique de la physique atomique et de la physique nucléaire

CERN Document Server

Fernandez, Bernard

2018-01-01

Retracer l'histoire de la physique nucléaire. Sans jargon scientifique ni formules mathématiques, il s'adresse à la fois aux lecteurs spécialisés, et à l'honnête homme.Une idée-force du livre est que jamais la théorie ne doit s'affranchir de la réalité expérimentale.

Relatório de estágio : Associação Crescer com Sentido : intervenção psicomotora nas perturbações do desenvolvimento

OpenAIRE

Sequeira, Ana Rafaela Ferreira

2016-01-01

O presente relatório procura refletir o trabalho desenvolvido no âmbito do estágio profissionalizante, inserido no Ramo de Aprofundamento de Competências Profissionais do Mestrado em Reabilitação Psicomotora, da Faculdade de Motricidade Humana. Este estágio decorreu na Associação Crescer com Sentido, em Lisboa, onde se procurou aprofundar as competências ao nível da observação, avaliação e intervenção psicomotora. Nesta instituição foi feita observação de sessões de psicomotricidade de cri...

Chercheurs et militants peuvent-ils être des partenaires ?

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Bruno Duriez

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Dans cet article, les auteurs relatent la naissance d’un dispositif de recherche partenarial et analysent comment il s’est structuré sur différents plans : contractuel, organisationnel et méthodologique. Ils exposent ensuite ce que ce résultat doit à une socialisation réciproque, entre coopération et conflits d’interprétation. Puis ils présentent diverses difficultés rencontrées et les solutions trouvées pour que cette coproduction reste effective à tous les stades du processus – de la définition des thèmes des journées d’étude à l’écriture des Cahiers – incluant l’organisation pratique et la fabrication des livres. Enfin, ils notent qu’une des conditions de réussite d’un tel partenariat interactif et contractuel est sans doute qu’il était exclusivement centré sur la production de connaissances historiques, sans visée transformatrice, quoique non sans effets sur la représentation des organisations actuelles de leur propre histoire.Can researchers and activists be partners? A French example of the Groupement pour la recherche sur les mouvements familiauxIn this article, the authors analyze the creation of a partnership, and how it developed itself from various perspectives: contractual, organizational and methodological. Then they explain how this result is due to a mutual socialization, between cooperation and conflicts of interpretation. They then present several difficulties they met and the solutions they found so that this coproduction remained actual throughout all stages of the process – from the definition of the themes for the seminars to the writing of books – including the practical organization and production of books. Finally, they observe that one of the conditions of success of such an interactive and contractual partnership is doubtless the fact that it was exclusively centered on the production of historic knowledge, without any aim of transformation, although, for the

The role of genetic variation across IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and BDNF in antipsychotic-induced weight gain.

Science.gov (United States)

Fonseka, Trehani M; Tiwari, Arun K; Gonçalves, Vanessa F; Lieberman, Jeffrey A; Meltzer, Herbert Y; Goldstein, Benjamin I; Kennedy, James L; Kennedy, Sidney H; Müller, Daniel J

2015-01-01

Antipsychotics with high weight gain-inducing propensities influence the expression of immune and neurotrophin genes, which have been independently related to obesity indices. Thus, we investigated whether variants in the genes encoding interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met are associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG). Nineteen polymorphisms were genotyped using Taqman(®) assays in 188 schizophrenia patients on antipsychotic treatment for up to 14 weeks. Mean weight change (%) from baseline was compared across genotypic groups using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Epistatic effects between cytokine polymorphisms and BDNF Val66Met were tested using Model-Based Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction. In European patients, IL-1β rs16944*GA (P = 0.013, Pcorrected = 0.182), IL-1β rs1143634*G (P = 0.001, Pcorrected = 0.014), and BDNF Val66Met (Val/Val, P = 0.004, Pcorrected = 0.056) were associated with greater AIWG, as were IL-1β rs4849127*A (P = 0.049, Pcorrected = 0.784), and IL-1β rs16944*GA (P = 0.012, Pcorrected = 0.192) in African Americans. BDNF Val66Met interacted with both IL-1β rs13032029 (Val/Met+ TT, PPerm = 0.029), and IL-6 rs2069837 (Val/Val+ AA, PPerm = 0.021) in Europeans, in addition to IL-1β rs16944 (Val/Val+ GA, PPerm = 0.006) in African Americans. SNPs across IL-1β and BDNF Val66Met may influence AIWG. Replication of these findings in larger, independent samples is warranted.

In vitro secretion profiles of interleukin (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF alpha after selective infection with Escherichia coli in human fetal membranes

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Maida-Claros Rolando

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Chorioamniotic membranes infection is a pathologic condition in which an abnormal secretion of proinflammatory cytokines halts fetal immune tolerance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the functional response of human chorioamniotic membranes, as well as the individual contribution of the amnion and choriodecidua after stimulation with Escherichia coli, a pathogen associated with preterm labor. Methods Explants of chorioamniotic membranes from 10 women (37–40 weeks of gestation were mounted and cultured in a Transwell system, which allowed us to test the amnion and choriodecidua compartments independently. Escherichia coli (1 × 10 6 CFU/mL was added to either the amniotic or the choriodecidual regions or both; after a 24-h incubation, the secretion of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, IL-8, and IL-10 in both compartments was measured using a specific ELISA. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. Results After stimulation with Escherichia coli, the choriodecidua compartment showed an increase in the secretion of IL-1beta (21-fold, IL-6 (2-fold, IL-8 (6-fold, and IL-10 (37-fold, regardless of which side of the membrane was stimulated; TNFalpha secretion augmented (22-fold also but only when the stimulus was applied simultaneously to both sides. When the amnion was stimulated directly, the level of IL-1beta (13-fold rose significantly; however, the increase in IL-8 secretion was larger (20-fold, regardless of the primary site of infection. TNFalpha secretion in the amnion compartment rose markedly only when Escherichia coli was simultaneously applied to both sides. Conclusion Selective stimulation of fetal membranes with Escherichia coli results in a differential production of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, IL-8, and IL-10. These tissues were less responsive when the amnion side was stimulated. This is in agreement with the hypothesis that the choriodecidua may play a primary role during an ascending

Estudo comparativo preliminar entre os alongamentos proprioceptivo e estático passivo em pacientes com seqüelas de hanseníase

OpenAIRE

Diaz, Augusto Floricel; Moro, Fabio Luiz; Binotto, Jussara Machado; Fréz, Andersom Ricardo

2008-01-01

A proposta deste estudo foi comparar a aplicação de alongamento estático passivo e alongamento proprioceptivo no tratamento de seqüelas de hanseníase. Doze pacientes com essas seqüelas participaram da pesquisa, separados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: o grupo FNP, tratado com facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva, e o grupo AEP, com alongamento estático passivo. Ambos realizaram dez sessões de alongamentos, sendo submetidos à avaliação inicial e final nas quais foram aplicados o questionár...

Il laser

CERN Document Server

Smith, William V

1974-01-01

Verso il 1960, il laser era ancora "una soluzione alla ricerca di un problema", ma fin dagli anni immediatamente successivi si è rivelato uno strumento insostituibile per le applicazioni più svariate.

Relatório do estágio curricular supervisionado na Educação Infantil I: Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil Monteiro Lobato

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Eva Aparecida dos Santos Ribeiro

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Este presente artigo é um relato de observação e regência na Educação Infantil, realizado no Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil Monteiro Lobato, localizado na Avenida dos jacarandás s/n, no Jardim das Primaveras, Sinop-MT. As observações e as regências foram realizadas no período vespertino, entre os dias 14 de junho à 05 de julho do ano de 2011, totalizando 60 horas de Estágio. Dias antes de iniciar o trabalho no CMEI, foi realizada uma visita para conhecer o ambiente onde iria fazer o estágio, uma breve observação da sala, conhecer a professora regente, conhecer o PPP do CMEI e sua metodologia de trabalho, como são realizados os planejamentos e a realizações dos projetos para melhor desenvolvimento das atividades a ser trabalhadas durante o estágio. A professora regente da turma está desenvolvendo o projeto sobre o Meio Ambiente, Preservação e reciclagem e seres vivos e não vivos, nos passando seu caderno de planejamento para conseguimos dar procedimento no seu trabalho, sempre estando presentes no caso de dúvidas e de ideias para desenvolver as atividades. No primeiro dia, fui apresentada eu aos alunos, e foi proposta uma roda de conversa para a apresentação dos alunos, para conhecê-los melhor, com todos sentados no chão e além de falarem o seu nome, falar se tinham irmãos, com quem morram?, e se gostam da escola e dos amigos ?, incluindo a professora regente da turma, me deixando aberta para suas perguntas e curiosidades, agindo sempre de modo amigável, para que os alunos não achassem que eu estava invadindo o seu espaço, a roda de conversa foi muito agradável. Nos próximos dias de atividades com o planejamento diário sempre de acordo com as necessidades dos alunos. Os alunos se demonstraram entusiasmados e aprenderam muito com as atividades lúdicas, leituras e dinâmicas. O conhecimento adquirido durante o estágio de Educação Infantil foi da importância de ensinar e também aprender, sempre

Curcumin blocks interleukin (IL)-2 signaling in T-lymphocytes by inhibiting IL-2 synthesis, CD25 expression, and IL-2 receptor signaling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Forward, Nicholas A.; Conrad, David M.; Power Coombs, Melanie R.; Doucette, Carolyn D.; Furlong, Suzanne J.; Lin, Tong-Jun; Hoskin, David W.

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Curcumin inhibits CD4 + T-lymphocyte proliferation. → Curcumin inhibits interleukin-2 (IL-2) synthesis and CD25 expression by CD4 + T-lymphocytes. → Curcumin interferes with IL-2 receptor signaling by inhibiting JAK3 and STAT5 phosphorylation. → IL-2-dependent regulatory T-lymphocyte function and Foxp3 expression is downregulated by curcumin. -- Abstract: Curcumin (diferulomethane) is the principal curcuminoid in the spice tumeric and a potent inhibitor of activation-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation; however, the molecular basis of this immunosuppressive effect has not been well studied. Here we show that micromolar concentrations of curcumin inhibited DNA synthesis by mouse CD4 + T-lymphocytes, as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and CD25 (α chain of the high affinity IL-2 receptor) expression in response to antibody-mediated cross-linking of CD3 and CD28. Curcumin acted downstream of protein kinase C activation and intracellular Ca 2+ release to inhibit IκB phosphorylation, which is required for nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NFκB. In addition, IL-2-dependent DNA synthesis by mouse CTLL-2 cells, but not constitutive CD25 expression, was impaired in the presence of curcumin, which demonstrated an inhibitory effect on IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling. IL-2-induced phosphorylation of STAT5A and JAK3, but not JAK1, was diminished in the presence of curcumin, indicating inhibition of critical proximal events in IL-2R signaling. In line with the inhibitory action of curcumin on IL-2R signaling, pretreatment of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T-cells with curcumin downregulated suppressor function, as well as forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) expression. We conclude that curcumin inhibits IL-2 signaling by reducing available IL-2 and high affinity IL-2R, as well as interfering with IL-2R signaling.

A utilização de estímulos de banda limitada na triagem auditiva neonatal com o potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico automático

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Mabel Goncalves Almeida

2014-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: estudar os resultados obtidos no Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico Automático (PEATE-A com um estímulo chirp de bandas limitadas. MÉTODOS: o PEATE-A com o estímulo HiLo CE-Chirp(, na intensidade de 35 dB nNA, foi registrado em 50 recém-nascidos (RN com e sem indicadores de risco para deficiência auditiva (IRDA e comparado ao PEATE por Frequência Específica (PEATE-FE. Foram analisados os resultados "passa/falha" para o estímulo HiLo CE-Chirp( e para os componentes Hi e Lo, separadamente e determinadas medidas de validação. O tempo de detecção de resposta no PEATE-A também foi determinado. RESULTADOS: o PEATE-A com o HiLo CE-Chirp( apresentou alta taxa de falha (36% e de falso-positivos (33%. Diferenças significantes entre as porcentagens de "falha" entre os dois componentes foram observadas, sendo a porcentagem de falha no componente Lo maior que no Hi, nas duas orelhas. O tempo médio de detecção de resposta foi de 63,8 segundos para a orelha direita e 77,9 para a orelha esquerda, sendo observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as orelhas (p=0,002. CONCLUSÃO: o estímulo de banda limitada apresentou tempo médio de detecção de resposta consideravelmente pequeno e alta sensibilidade, no entanto, devido a alta taxa de falso-positivos, apresentou baixa especificidade, mostrando a importância de novos estudos direcionados, principalmente, para o aperfeiçoamento da técnica e do estímulo, buscando futura aplicação clínica no PEATE-A.

“O HOMEM QUE FOI DESMANCHADO” COMO (PRÉTEXTO DA MODERNIDADE

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Rafael Geraldo Vianney Peres

2014-09-01

Full Text Available This study aims to analyze the technological stigma signaling to modernity, anticipating their amazing impacts initially felt in the process of industrialization of the 19th century. The effects of modernization in the large centers, as well as the proletarian diaspora, showed up soon after the Enlightenment, which interfere with them in meaningful ways. At the core of such effervescent events, there was Edgar Allan Poe, romantic writer who expertly revealed the crisis of his contemporaries on mechanization, on which will be a brief inventory, through his short story “O homem que foi desmanchado”. Thus proceeding, there is the intention to see this (pretext of modernity.

Problemas escolares e o consumo de álcool e outras drogas entre adolescentes

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Luciana Roberta Donola Cardoso

Full Text Available A relação entre problemas escolares e o uso de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas em 965 adolescentes dos municípios de Jacareí e Diadema (SP foi avaliada pelo instrumento de autopreenchimento Drug Use Screening Inventory. Este instrumento avalia o consumo de drogas e problemas a ele relacionados. O uso de substâncias foi associado a repetências, falta de concentração, notas baixas, desejo de abandonar a escola, sentir-se entediado no ambiente escolar, não fazer os deveres, faltar/chegar atrasado e prejuízos acadêmicos decorrentes do uso de drogas. A combinação do uso de álcool e tabaco foi associada a mais problemas escolares do que os encontrados em usuários exclusivos de álcool. Os problemas associados a esta combinação foram semelhantes aos observados em usuários de drogas ilícitas. Gostar da escola foi um fator protetor contra o uso de substâncias. Os resultados mostram a importância de se atentar para o relato de consumo das drogas lícitas combinadas.

Comment des ex-délinquants participant au CWP aident-ils à ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

15 août 2016 ... L'accent est mis sur le rôle d'ex-détenus au sein du CWP et leur travail pour mettre en œuvre des initiatives de prévention du crime et de la violence dans ces deux communautés. Les ex-délinquants décrivent leur implication dans le CWP comme une occasion de se racheter pour la douleur qu'ils ont ...

Structural Characterisation Reveals Mechanism of IL-13-Neutralising Monoclonal Antibody Tralokinumab as Inhibition of Binding to IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2.

Science.gov (United States)

Popovic, B; Breed, J; Rees, D G; Gardener, M J; Vinall, L M K; Kemp, B; Spooner, J; Keen, J; Minter, R; Uddin, F; Colice, G; Wilkinson, T; Vaughan, T; May, R D

2017-01-20

Interleukin (IL)-13 is a pleiotropic T helper type 2 cytokine frequently associated with asthma and atopic dermatitis. IL-13-mediated signalling is initiated by binding to IL-13Rα1, which then recruits IL-4Rα to form a heterodimeric receptor complex. IL-13 also binds to IL-13Rα2, considered as either a decoy or a key mediator of fibrosis. IL-13-neutralising antibodies act by preventing IL-13 binding to IL-13Rα1, IL-4Rα and/or IL-13Rα2. Tralokinumab (CAT-354) is an IL-13-neutralising human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that has shown clinical benefit in patients with asthma. To decipher how tralokinumab inhibits the effects of IL-13, we determined the structure of tralokinumab Fab in complex with human IL-13 to 2 Å resolution. The structure analysis reveals that tralokinumab prevents IL-13 from binding to both IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2. This is supported by biochemical ligand-receptor interaction assay data. The tralokinumab epitope is mainly composed of residues in helices D and A of IL-13. It is mostly light chain complementarity-determining regions that are driving paratope interactions; the variable light complementarity-determining region 2 plays a key role by providing residue contacts for a network of hydrogen bonds and a salt bridge in the core of binding. The key residues within the paratope contributing to binding were identified as Asp50, Asp51, Ser30 and Lys31. This study demonstrates that tralokinumab prevents the IL-13 pharmacodynamic effect by binding to IL-13 helices A and D, thus preventing IL-13 from interacting with IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2. Copyright © 2016 AstraZeneca. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Association study of IL10 and IL23R-IL12RB2 in Iranian patients with Behçet's disease.

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Xavier, Joana M; Shahram, Farhad; Davatchi, Fereydoun; Rosa, Alexandra; Crespo, Jorge; Abdollahi, Bahar Sadeghi; Nadji, Abdolhadi; Jesus, Gorete; Barcelos, Filipe; Patto, José Vaz; Shafiee, Niloofar Mojarad; Ghaderibarim, Fahmida; Oliveira, Sofia A

2012-08-01

Independent replication of the findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) remains the gold standard for results validation. Our aim was to test the association of Behçet's disease (BD) with the interleukin-10 gene (IL10) and the IL-23 receptor-IL-12 receptor β2 (IL23R-IL12RB2) locus, each of which has been previously identified as a risk factor for BD in 2 different GWAS. Six haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL10 and 42 in IL23R-IL12RB2 were genotyped in 973 Iranian patients with BD and 637 non-BD controls. Population stratification was assessed using a panel of 86 ancestry-informative markers. Subtle evidence of population stratification was found in our data set. In IL10, rs1518111 was nominally associated with BD before and after adjustment for population stratification (odds ratio [OR] for T allele 1.20, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02-1.40, unadjusted P [P(unadj) ] = 2.53 × 10(-2) ; adjusted P [P(adj) ] = 1.43 × 10(-2) ), and rs1554286 demonstrated a trend toward association (P(unadj) = 6.14 × 10(-2) ; P(adj) = 3.21 × 10(-2) ). Six SNPs in IL23R-IL12RB2 were found to be associated with BD after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, the most significant of which were rs17375018 (OR for G allele 1.51, 95% CI 1.27-1.78, P(unadj) = 1.93 × 10(-6) ), rs7517847 (OR for T allele 1.48, 95% CI 1.26-1.74, P(unadj) = 1.23 × 10(-6) ), and rs924080 (OR for T allele 1.29, 95% CI 1.20-1.39, P = 1.78 × 10(-5) ). SNPs rs10489629, rs1343151, and rs1495965 were also significantly associated with BD in all tests performed. Results of meta-analyses of our data combined with data from other populations further confirmed the role of rs1518111, rs17375018, rs7517847, and rs924080 in the risk of BD, but no epistatic interactions between IL10 and IL23R-IL12RB2 were detected. Results of imputation analysis highlighted the importance of IL23R regulatory regions in the susceptibility to BD. These findings independently confirm

Clinical significance of determination of changes in serum hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-18 levels after treatment in patients with acute conjunctivitis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Jun

2007-01-01

Objective: To study the clinical significance of changes of serum hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-18 levels in patients with acute conjunctivitis after treatment. Methods: Serum IL-6, IL-10 (with RIA) hs-CRP (with Immuno-turbidity) and IL-18 (with ELISA) levels were measured in 38 patients with acute conjunctivitis both before and after treatment as well as in 35 controls. Results: The serum hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-18 levels in the patients before treatment were significantly higher than those in the controls (P 0.05). Conclusion: Measurement of the changes of serum hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-18 levels after treatment might be inportant for outcome prediction in patients with acute conjunctivitis. (authors)

32 CFR Appendix C to Part 286 - DD Form 2086, “Record of Freedom of Information (FOI) Processing Cost”

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... Information (FOI) Processing Cost” ER25NO98.000 ER25NO98.001 ... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false DD Form 2086, âRecord of Freedom of Information (FOI) Processing Costâ C Appendix C to Part 286 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued...

IL-17 mediates immunopathology in the absence of IL-10 following Leishmania major infection.

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Claudia Gonzalez-Lombana

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Leishmaniasis, resulting from infection with the protozoan parasite Leishmania, consists of a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, from healing cutaneous lesions to fatal visceral infections. A particularly severe form of cutaneous leishmaniasis, termed mucosal leishmaniasis, exhibits decreased IL-10 levels and an exaggerated inflammatory response that perpetuates the disease. Using a mouse model of leishmaniasis, we investigated what cytokines contribute to increased pathology when IL-10-mediated regulation is absent. Leishmania major infected C57BL/6 mice lacking IL-10 regulation developed larger lesions than controls, but fewer parasites. Both IFN-γ and IL-17 levels were substantially elevated in mice lacking the capacity to respond to IL-10. IFN-γ promoted an increased infiltration of monocytes, while IL-17 contributed to an increase in neutrophils. Surprisingly, however, we found that IFN-γ did not contribute to increased pathology, but instead regulated the IL-17 response. Thus, blocking IFN-γ led to a significant increase in IL-17, neutrophils and disease. Similarly, the production of IL-17 by cells from leishmaniasis patients was also regulated by IL-10 and IFN-γ. Additional studies found that the IL-1 receptor was required for both the IL-17 response and increased pathology. Therefore, we propose that regulating IL-17, possibly by downregulating IL-1β, may be a useful approach for controlling immunopathology in leishmaniasis.

Interleukin-33 (IL-33): A nuclear cytokine from the IL-1 family.

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Cayrol, Corinne; Girard, Jean-Philippe

2018-01-01

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a tissue-derived nuclear cytokine from the IL-1 family abundantly expressed in endothelial cells, epithelial cells and fibroblast-like cells, both during homeostasis and inflammation. It functions as an alarm signal (alarmin) released upon cell injury or tissue damage to alert immune cells expressing the ST2 receptor (IL-1RL1). The major targets of IL-33 in vivo are tissue-resident immune cells such as mast cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Other cellular targets include T helper 2 (Th2) cells, eosinophils, basophils, dendritic cells, Th1 cells, CD8 + T cells, NK cells, iNKT cells, B cells, neutrophils and macrophages. IL-33 is thus emerging as a crucial immune modulator with pleiotropic activities in type-2, type-1 and regulatory immune responses, and important roles in allergic, fibrotic, infectious, and chronic inflammatory diseases. The critical function of IL-33/ST2 signaling in allergic inflammation is illustrated by the fact that IL33 and IL1RL1 are among the most highly replicated susceptibility loci for asthma. In this review, we highlight 15 years of discoveries on IL-33 protein, including its molecular characteristics, nuclear localization, bioactive forms, cellular sources, mechanisms of release and regulation by proteases. Importantly, we emphasize data that have been validated using IL-33-deficient cells. © 2017 The Authors. Immunological Reviews Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A Brief History of IL-1 and IL-1 Ra in Rheumatology

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Jean-Michel Dayer

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The history of what, in 1979, was called interleukin-1 (IL-1, orchestrator of leukocyte inter-communication, began many years before then, initially by the observation of fever induction via the endogenous pyrogen (EP (1974 and then in rheumatology on the role in tissue destruction in rheumatoid diseases via the induction of collagenase and PGE2 in human synovial cells by a mononuclear cell factor (MCF (1977. Since then, the family has exploded to presently 11 members as well as many membrane-bound and soluble receptor forms. The discovery of a natural Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra in human biological fluids has highlighted the importance of IL-1 and IL-1Ra in human diseases. Evidence delineating its role in autoinflammatory syndromes and the elucidation of the macromolecular complex referred to as “inflammasome” have been instrumental to our understanding of the link with IL-1. At present, the IL-1blockade as therapeutic approach is crucial for many hereditary autoinflammatory diseases, as well as for adult-onset Still’s disease, crystal-induced arthropathies, certain skin diseases including neutrophil-triggered skin diseases, Behçet’s disease and deficiency of IL-1Ra and other rare fever syndromes. Its role is only marginally important in rheumatoid arthritis and is still under debate with regard to osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This brief historical review focuses on some aspects of IL-1, mainly IL-1β and IL-Ra, in rheumatology. There are many excellent reviews focusing on the IL-1 family in general or with regard to specific diseases or biological discoveries.

Hepatitis B virus induces IL-23 production in antigen presenting cells and causes liver damage via the IL-23/IL-17 axis.

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Qinghong Wang

Full Text Available IL-23 regulates myriad processes in the innate and adaptive immune systems, and is a critical mediator of the proinflammatory effects exerted by Th17 cells in many diseases. In this study, we investigated whether and how hepatitis B virus (HBV causes liver damage directly through the IL-23 signaling pathway. In biopsied liver tissues from HBV-infected patients, expression of both IL-23 and IL-23R was remarkably elevated. In vivo observations also indicated that the main sources of IL-23 were myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs and macrophages. Analysis of in vitro differentiated immature DCs and macrophages isolated from healthy donors revealed that the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg efficiently induces IL-23 secretion in a mannose receptor (MR-dependent manner. Culture with an endosomal acidification inhibitor and the dynamin inhibitor showed that, upon binding to the MR, the HBsAg is taken up by mDCs and macrophages through an endocytosis mechanism. In contrast, although the HBV core antigen (HBcAg can also stimulate IL-23 secretion from mDCs, the process was MR- and endocytosis-independent. In addition, IL-23 was shown to be indispensible for HBsAg-stimulated differentiation of naïve CD4(+ T cells into Th17 cells, which were determined to be the primary source of IL-17 in HBV-infected livers. The cognate receptor, IL-17R, was found to exist on the hepatic stellate cells and mDCs, both of which might represent the potential target cells of IL-17 in hepatitis B disease. These data provide novel insights into a yet unrecognized mechanism of HBV-induced hepatitis, by which increases in IL-23 expression, through an MR/endocytosis-dependent or -independent manner, produce liver damage through the IL-23/IL-17 axis.

Relatório do estágio curricular supervisionado na Educação Infantil I

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Mariane Assmann

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Este relatório é o resultado de observação conjunta sobre os aspectos pedagógicos no que se refere à estrutura física, identificação da creche, estrutura organizacional e político-pedagógica da mesma. Esta observação foi motivada pela intenção de um crescimento dentro do curso de pedagogia na área da educação infantil e teve como atividade observar o que a sala de aula produz para o desenvolvimento da estruturação de rotinas diárias e semanal do berçário, de uma creche pública no município de Sinop.Palavras-chave: estágio; criança; desenvolvimento infantil.

IL-25 or IL-17E protects against high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice dependent upon IL-13 activation of STAT6

Science.gov (United States)

IL-25 is a member of IL-17 cytokine family and has immune-modulating activities. The role of IL-25 in maintaining lipid metabolic homeostasis remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of exogenous IL-25 or deficiency of IL-25 on lipid accumulation in the liver. Mice were injected with IL-25...

The IL-17F/IL-17RC Axis Promotes Respiratory Allergy in the Proximal Airways

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Antonella De Luca

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The interleukin 17 (IL-17 cytokine and receptor family is central to antimicrobial resistance and inflammation in the lung. Mice lacking IL-17A, IL-17F, or the IL-17RA subunit were compared with wild-type mice for susceptibility to airway inflammation in models of infection and allergy. Signaling through IL-17RA was required for efficient microbial clearance and prevention of allergy; in the absence of IL-17RA, signaling through IL-17RC on epithelial cells, predominantly by IL-17F, significantly exacerbated lower airway Aspergillus or Pseudomonas infection and allergic airway inflammation. In contrast, following infection with the upper respiratory pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, the IL-17F/IL-17RC axis mediated protection. Thus, IL-17A and IL-17F exert distinct biological effects during pulmonary infection; the IL-17F/IL-17RC signaling axis has the potential to significantly worsen pathogen-associated inflammation of the lower respiratory tract in particular, and should be investigated further as a therapeutic target for treating pathological inflammation in the lung.

Que peut-on voir avec des neutrons? Une introduction pour des non spécialistes

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Schweizer, J.

2005-11-01

Le neutron est une particule élémentaire qui a été découverte en 1932 par James Chadwick. Ses caractéristiques principales sont résumées dans le tableau I. Il a été utilisé pour la première fois par Clifford Shull en 1946 comme outil pour des expériences de diffusion. Cette technique s'est depuis constamment développée pour concerner tous les aspects de la matière condensée: physique, chimie, matériaux, biologie. Il s'agit d'un outil tout à fait exceptionnel car le neutron possède des propriétés uniques et particulièrement adaptées pour ces études.

Curcumin blocks interleukin (IL)-2 signaling in T-lymphocytes by inhibiting IL-2 synthesis, CD25 expression, and IL-2 receptor signaling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Forward, Nicholas A.; Conrad, David M. [Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Power Coombs, Melanie R.; Doucette, Carolyn D. [Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Furlong, Suzanne J. [Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Lin, Tong-Jun [Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Hoskin, David W., E-mail: d.w.hoskin@dal.ca [Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada)

2011-04-22

Highlights: {yields} Curcumin inhibits CD4{sup +} T-lymphocyte proliferation. {yields} Curcumin inhibits interleukin-2 (IL-2) synthesis and CD25 expression by CD4{sup +} T-lymphocytes. {yields} Curcumin interferes with IL-2 receptor signaling by inhibiting JAK3 and STAT5 phosphorylation. {yields} IL-2-dependent regulatory T-lymphocyte function and Foxp3 expression is downregulated by curcumin. -- Abstract: Curcumin (diferulomethane) is the principal curcuminoid in the spice tumeric and a potent inhibitor of activation-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation; however, the molecular basis of this immunosuppressive effect has not been well studied. Here we show that micromolar concentrations of curcumin inhibited DNA synthesis by mouse CD4{sup +} T-lymphocytes, as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and CD25 ({alpha} chain of the high affinity IL-2 receptor) expression in response to antibody-mediated cross-linking of CD3 and CD28. Curcumin acted downstream of protein kinase C activation and intracellular Ca{sup 2+} release to inhibit I{kappa}B phosphorylation, which is required for nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF{kappa}B. In addition, IL-2-dependent DNA synthesis by mouse CTLL-2 cells, but not constitutive CD25 expression, was impaired in the presence of curcumin, which demonstrated an inhibitory effect on IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling. IL-2-induced phosphorylation of STAT5A and JAK3, but not JAK1, was diminished in the presence of curcumin, indicating inhibition of critical proximal events in IL-2R signaling. In line with the inhibitory action of curcumin on IL-2R signaling, pretreatment of CD4{sup +}CD25{sup +} regulatory T-cells with curcumin downregulated suppressor function, as well as forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) expression. We conclude that curcumin inhibits IL-2 signaling by reducing available IL-2 and high affinity IL-2R, as well as interfering with IL-2R signaling.

Tropa de elite Troupe d'élite

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Rafael Soares Gonçalves

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Le film Tropa de Elite (Troupe d’Elite du jeune cinéaste José Padilha est devenu le blockbuster du cinéma brésilien en 2007. Il a remporté de très nombreuses récompenses dans le monde, dont l’Ours d’Or du festival de Berlin (2008. À cette occasion, il a suscité de vifs débats sur la manière dont il traitait de l’expansion du trafic de drogues à Rio de Janeiro et des pratiques à la fois corrompues et violentes de la police de la ville, en d’autres termes, de la guérilla urbaine en cours dans...

AcEST(EST sequences of Adiantum capillus-veneris and their annotation) - AcEST | LSDB Archive [Life Science Database Archive metadata

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available List Contact us AcEST AcEST(EST sequences of Adiantum capillus-veneris and their annotation) Data detail Dat...a name AcEST(EST sequences of Adiantum capillus-veneris and their annotation) DOI 10.18908/lsdba.nbdc00839-0...01 Description of data contents EST sequence of Adiantum capillus-veneris and its annotation (clone ID, libr...le search URL http://togodb.biosciencedbc.jp/togodb/view/archive_acest#en Data acquisition method Capillary ...ainst UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and UniProtKB/TrEMBL databases) Number of data entries Adiantum capillus-veneris

Lacrimal gland-derived IL-22 regulates IL-17-mediated ocular mucosal inflammation

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Ji, Yong Woo; Mittal, Sharad K.; Hwang, Ho Sik; Chang, Eun-Ju; Lee, Joon H.; Seo, Yuri; Yeo, Areum; Noh, Hyemi; Lee, Hye Sun; Chauhan, Sunil K.; Lee, Hyung Keun

2016-01-01

Inflammatory damage of mucosal surface of the eye is a hallmark of dry eye disease (DED), and in severe cases can lead to significant discomfort, visual impairment, and blindness. DED is a multifactorial autoimmune disorder with a largely unknown pathogenesis. Using a cross-sectional patient study and a well-characterized murine model of DED, herein we investigated the immunoregulatory function of interleukin-22 (IL-22) in the pathogenesis of DED. We found that IL-22 levels were elevated in lacrimal fluids of DED patients and inversely correlated with severity of disease. Acinar cells of the lacrimal glands, not inflammatory immune cells, are the primary source of IL-22, which suppresses inflammation in ocular surface epithelial cells upon desiccating stress. Moreover, loss of function analyses using IL-22 knock-out mice demonstrated that IL-22 is essential for suppression of ocular surface infiltration of Th17 cells and inhibition of DED induction. Our novel findings elucidate immunoregulatory function of lacrimal gland-derived IL-22 in inhibiting IL-17-mediated ocular surface epitheliopathy in DED thus making IL-22 a new relevant therapeutic target. PMID:28051088

Extracellular Neutrophil Proteases Are Efficient Regulators of IL-1, IL-33, and IL-36 Cytokine Activity but Poor Effectors of Microbial Killing.

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Clancy, Danielle M; Sullivan, Graeme P; Moran, Hannah B T; Henry, Conor M; Reeves, Emer P; McElvaney, Noel G; Lavelle, Ed C; Martin, Seamus J

2018-03-13

Neutrophil granule proteases are thought to function as anti-microbial effectors, cooperatively hydrolyzing microorganisms within phagosomes, or upon deployment into the extracellular space. However, evidence also suggests that neutrophil proteases play an important role in the coordination and escalation of inflammatory reactions, but how this is achieved has been obscure. IL-1 family cytokines are important initiators of inflammation and are typically released via necrosis but require proteolytic processing for activation. Here, we show that proteases liberated from activated neutrophils can positively or negatively regulate the activity of six IL-1 family cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ) with exquisite sensitivity. In contrast, extracellular neutrophil proteases displayed very poor bactericidal activity, exhibiting 100-fold greater potency toward cytokine processing than bacterial killing. Thus, in addition to their classical role as phagocytes, neutrophils play an important immunoregulatory role through deployment of their granule proteases into the extracellular space to process multiple IL-1 family cytokines. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The role of CD40L, IL-10 and IL-17 in radioprotection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Ting

2003-01-01

CD40L/CD40 interaction is central to the control of thymus-dependent humoral immunity and cell mediated immune responses. IL-17 has been shown to induce the production of IL-6 and G-CSF, which can induce proliferation and differentiation of CD34 + hematopoietic progenitors. IL-10 can interfere with up-regulation of costimulatory molecules, thus suppressing the production of costimulatory cytokines, such as IL-12. IL-10 has been implicated as an essential mediator in the induction of systemic immune suppression following ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Treating UV-irradiated mice with anti-IL-10 blocks the induction of immune suppression

Role of the IL-12/IL-35 balance in patients with Sjögren syndrome.

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Fogel, Olivier; Rivière, Elodie; Seror, Raphaèle; Nocturne, Gaetane; Boudaoud, Saida; Ly, Bineta; Gottenberg, Jacques-Eric; Le Guern, Véronique; Dubost, Jean-Jacques; Nititham, Joanne; Taylor, Kimberly E; Chanson, Philippe; Dieudé, Philippe; Criswell, Lindsey A; Jagla, Bernd; Thai, Alice; Mingueneau, Michael; Mariette, Xavier; Miceli-Richard, Corinne

2017-09-12

An interferon signature is involved in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), but whether the signature is type 1 or type 2 remains controversial. Mouse models and genetic studies suggest the involvement of T H 1 and type 2 interferon pathways. Likewise, polymorphisms of the IL-12A gene (IL12A), which encodes for IL-12p35, have been associated with pSS. The IL-12p35 subunit is shared by 2 heterodimers: IL-12 and IL-35. We sought to confirm genetic association of the IL12A polymorphism and pSS and elucidate involvement of the IL-12/IL-35 balance in patients with pSS by using functional studies. The genetic study involved 673 patients with pSS from 2 French pSS cohorts and 585 healthy French control subjects. Functional studies were performed on sorted monocytes, irrespective of whether they were stimulated. IL12A mRNA expression and IL-12 and IL-35 protein levels were assessed by using quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA and a multiplex kit for IL-35 and IL-12, respectively. We confirmed association of the IL12A rs485497 polymorphism and pSS and found an increased serum protein level of IL-12p70 in patients with pSS carrying the risk allele (P = .016). Serum levels of IL-12p70 were greater in patients than control subjects (P = .0001), especially in patients with more active disease (P = .05); conversely, IL-35 levels were decreased in patients (P = .0001), especially in patients with more active disease (P = .05). In blood cellular subsets both IL12p35 and EBV-induced gene protein 3 (EBI3) mRNAs were detected only in B cells, with a trend toward a lower level among patients with pSS. Our findings emphasize involvement of the IL-12/IL-35 balance in the pathogenesis of pSS. Serum IL-35 levels were associated with low disease activity, in contrast with serum IL-12p70 levels, which were associated with more active disease. Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Il capriolo nel Pollino: ieri, oggi e domani

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Alberto Sangiuliano

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Fino agli inizi del secolo scorso, il capriolo conservava molto probabilmente un?ampia diffusione in tutta la Calabria settentrionale con una distribuzione pressoché continua, dal Massiccio del Pollino alla Catena Costiera. La contrazione dell?area di distribuzione iniziò verosimilmente già nel sec. 19°, acuendosi tra le due guerre mondiali, con l?estinzione della specie a nord del fiume Lao e sulla Catena Costiera. Cacciabile fino ai primi anni ?70 e in seguito perseguitato dal bracconaggio, il capriolo continuava nel suo inesorabile declino negli anni ?80 e ?90. L?areale era stimato essere di circa 7500 ha, più o meno circoscritto alla impervia Valle del Fiume Argentino (Orsomarso e alle aree limitrofe, con una stima di consistenza intorno a poche decine di individui. Solo in seguito all?istituzione del Parco Nazionale del Pollino, si è registrata una graduale inversione di tendenza: studi della seconda metà degli anni ?90 hanno individuato un?area di presenza stabile e accertata di poco inferiore a 6.000 ha, e una periferica di presenza sporadica e/o probabile (circa 9.000 ha. In seguito a una Convenzione stipulata nel 2000 tra l?Ente Parco e l?Università di Siena, è in corso uno studio sull?ecologia e conservazione del capriolo nel Parco Nazionale del Pollino, per favorire l?incremento della locale popolazione di capriolo. Per la determinazione della distribuzione della specie, mensilmente sono stati effettuati percorsi fissi diurni, notturni (con faro e avvistamenti da punti di visibilità, oltre che una serie di escursioni periodiche in aree di presenza incerta. Inoltre è stata condotta una valutazione dell?idoneità ambientale per la specie mediante l?utilizzo di tecniche statistiche multivariate (Analisi di Regressione Logistica Multipla. I nostri dati sembrano indicare che l?area di distribuzione ?storica? si sia notevolmente ampliata soprattutto in direzione nord, nord-est ed est, dove la presenza della specie è stata

L’écriture du temps dans Robinson Crusoe

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Bulckaen, Denise

2018-01-01

“Le récit est une séquence deux fois temporelle... il y a le temps de la chose-racontée et le temps du récit (temps du signifié et temps du signifiant)”. Cette citation se trouve au début du chapitre que Genette consacre à “Ordre” dans Figures III. Elle s'applique à de nombreux romans, mais elle est particulièrement intéressante quand on considère le roman de forme autobiographique. Le décalage entre “le temps du signifié” et “le temps du signifiant” est plus ou moins grand selon les romans. ...

IL-2 absorption affects IFN-gamma and IL-5, but not IL-4 producing memory T cells in double color cytokine ELISPOT assays.

Science.gov (United States)

Quast, Stefan; Zhang, Wenji; Shive, Carey; Kovalovski, Damian; Ott, Patrick A; Herzog, Bernhard A; Boehm, Bernhard O; Tary-Lehmann, Magdalena; Karulin, Alexey Y; Lehmann, Paul V

2005-09-01

Cytokine assays are gaining increasing importance for human immune monitoring because they reliably detect antigen-specific T cells in primary PBMC, even at low clonal sizes. Double color ELISPOT assays permit the simultaneous visualization of cells producing two different cytokines. Permitting the simultaneous assessment of type 1 and 2 immunity and due to the limited numbers of PBMC available from human study subjects, double color assays should be particularly attractive for clinical trials. Since the performance of double color assays has not yet been validated, we set out to compare them to single color measurements. Testing the recall antigen-induced cytokine response of PBMC, we found that double color assays regularly provided lower numbers of IFN-gamma and IL-5 spots than single color measurements when IL-2 detection was part of the double color assay. We showed that the inhibitory effect resulted from IL-2 absorption and could be overcome by either antibody free preactivation cultures or by inclusion of anti-CD28 antibody. In contrast, the simultaneous detection of IL-2 did not affect the numbers of IL-4 spots. Therefore, unlike IL-2/IL-4 and IFN-gamma/IL-5 assays, IL-2/IFN-gamma, and IL-2/IL-5 assays require compensation for the IL-2 capture to provide accurate numbers for the frequencies of cytokine producing memory T cells.

Clinical significance of determination of semen plasma IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α contents in infertile males

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun Baoyi; Li Jun; Zhang Jiyun

2004-01-01

Objective: To explore the influence of high semen plasma contents of the cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) on male fertility. Methods: Semen plasma levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were determined with RIA in 126 infertile and 20 fertile males. Results: Semen plasma contents of the 4 cytokines in infertile subjects were significantly higher than those in fertile ones (p 4/HP, n=15) had significantly higher contents of cytokines than those without leucocytospermia (WBC<4/HP, n=111). Besides, TNF-α contents in subjects with lower sperm activity and less motility rate as well as IL-8 contents in subjects with less sperm motility rate were both significantly higher than those in subjects with more normal sperms (p<0.01, p<0.05). Conclusion: High semen plasma cytokines contents represent existing local infection and enhanced auto-immune status, both damaging to sperms. Infertility would be the inevitable consequence. Monitoring of changes of the cytokine contents should be a part of fertility studies

Le détritisme carbonate profond dans le Crétacé inférieur du Sud-Est français. Ses rapports avec l'eustatisme

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Ferry , Serge

1987-01-01

Mémoire HS n° 13 - Géologie Alpine : Le détritisme dans le Sud-Est de la France - Colloque Association des Géologues du Sud-est - Grenoble 11-12 décembre 1986; 10 cycles eustatiques sont définis dans le Crétacé inférieur du Sud-Est français. Sur les plates-formes carbonatées, ils correspondent aux principales séquences "klupféliennes" de comblement, pour lesquelles le moteur tectonique (à-coups de subsidence) est mis en doute. Ces cycles ne sont repérables dans les séries de bassin que si l'a...

Increased IL-20 and IL-24 target osteoblasts and synovial monocytes in spondyloarthritis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kragstrup, Tue Wenzel; Andersen, Morten Nørgaard; Schiøttz-Christensen, Berit

2017-01-01

The pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA) involves activation of the innate immune system, inflammation and new bone formation. The two cytokines interleukin (IL)-20 and IL-24 have been shown to link innate immune activation and tissue homeostasis. We hypothesized that these two cytokines...... are secreted as part of activation of the innate immune system and affect bone homeostasis in SpA. IL-20 and IL-24 were measured in plasma from axial SpA patients (n = 83). Peripheral SpA patients (n = 16) were included for in-vitro cell culture studies. The plasma IL-20 and IL-24 levels were increased in Sp...

Le laboratoire, le temple et le marché : Réflexions à la croisée de la ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... constituer une motivation profonde et se révéler remarquablement utiles dans la poursuite d'objectifs scientifiques. Ils soulignent même la manière dont leur foi leur a apporté une profonde compréhension de l'interdépendance qui existe entre les choses ainsi qu'une véritable compréhension de ce qu'est la compassion, ...

Het oude en nieuwe gasthuis te Delft, (1252-1795)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Oosterbaan, Dinant Petrus

1954-01-01

Il est fait mention pour la première fois de l'Ancien et du Nouvel Hopital de Delft (Oude en Nieuwe Gasthuis) dans une bulle du Pape Innocent IV, datée du 11 Octobre 1252. On cite également cette institution dans un récit de voyage de ce temps, publié dans la Description de la Ville de Delft par

[Correlation of serum IL-16, IL-18 levels and immunoglobulins in children with asthma].

Science.gov (United States)

Xue, Yi-Nan; Zou, Xian-De; Wu, Jia-Ling

2006-02-01

This study examined the changes of serum levels of interleukin (IL)-16, IL-18 and immunoglobulins and the correlation of serum IL-16, IL-18 levels and immunoglobulins in children with asthma and aimed to explore the role of IL-16, IL-18 and immunoglobulins in the pathogenesis of asthma. Thirty-four children with asthma and 21 age and gender-matched healthy children were enrolled in this study. The levels of IL-16, IL-18 and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were determined using ELISA. Immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) were detected by immunoturbidimetry. The levels of IL-16, IL-18 and IgE in patients with asthma at both acute attack and convalescence stages were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. An increased IgG and a decreased IgA levels were found in asthmatic patients at the acute attack stage. There was a positive correlation between the IL-16 and IL-18 levels at both acute attack and convalescence stages of asthma (r=0.70, P attack stage of asthma (r=0.624, P asthma. The immunologic imbalance exists in children with asthma at both acute attack and convalescence stages. Anti-allergic therapy should be administered through the acute attack to the convalescence stages of asthma.

Genetic variability of the inflammatory response. I. The -511 C/T IL1β polymorphism in different Peruvian subpopulations

OpenAIRE

Acosta, Oscar; Solano, Luis; Huerta, Doris; Oré, Daniel; Sandoval, José; Figueroa, José; Fujita, Ricardo

2012-01-01

El polimorfismo -511 citosina/timina (-511 C/T) en la región promotora del gen interleuquina 1 beta (IL1β) está implicado en la producción diferencial de la citoquina y por tanto puede estar asociado a la respuesta inmuno-inflamatoria en obesidad, dislipidemias, cardiopatías, cáncer, infecciones, y el tratamiento con nutrientes y fármacos. Objetivos: Establecer la distribución de frecuencias de los genotipos y alelos del polimorfismo -511 C/T del gen IL1β en diferentes subpoblaciones peruanas...

Commensal bacteria and MAMPs are necessary for stress-induced increases in IL-1β and IL-18 but not IL-6, IL-10 or MCP-1.

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Thomas Maslanik

Full Text Available Regular interactions between commensal bacteria and the enteric mucosal immune environment are necessary for normal immunity. Alterations of the commensal bacterial communities or mucosal barrier can disrupt immune function. Chronic stress interferes with bacterial community structure (specifically, α-diversity and the integrity of the intestinal barrier. These interferences can contribute to chronic stress-induced increases in systemic IL-6 and TNF-α. Chronic stress, however, produces many physiological changes that could indirectly influence immune activity. In addition to IL-6 and TNF-α, exposure to acute stressors upregulates a plethora of inflammatory proteins, each having unique synthesis and release mechanisms. We therefore tested the hypothesis that acute stress-induced inflammatory protein responses are dependent on the commensal bacteria, and more specifically, lipopolysaccharide (LPS shed from Gram-negative intestinal commensal bacteria. We present evidence that both reducing commensal bacteria using antibiotics and neutralizing LPS using endotoxin inhibitor (EI attenuates increases in some (inflammasome dependent, IL-1 and IL-18, but not all (inflammasome independent, IL-6, IL-10, and MCP-1 inflammatory proteins in the blood of male F344 rats exposed to an acute tail shock stressor. Acute stress did not impact α- or β- diversity measured using 16S rRNA diversity analyses, but selectively reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella. These findings indicate that commensal bacteria contribute to acute stress-induced inflammatory protein responses, and support the presence of LPS-mediated signaling in stress-evoked cytokine and chemokine production. The selectivity of the commensal bacteria in stress-evoked IL-1β and IL-18 responses may implicate the inflammasome in this response.

Influence of the IL-1Ra gene polymorphism on in vivo synthesis of IL-1Ra and IL-1beta after live yellow fever vaccination.

Science.gov (United States)

Hacker, U T; Erhardt, S; Tschöp, K; Jelinek, T; Endres, S

2001-09-01

The inflammatory response in infectious and autoimmune diseases is regulated by the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The IL-1 complex contains polymorphic genes coding for IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-1Ra. The IL-1Ra (variable number of tanden repeat) VNTR polymorphism has been shown to influence the capacity to produce IL-1beta and IL-1Ra after in vitro stimulation. Allele 2 of this polymorphism is associated with a number of inflammatory diseases. To determine the impact of the IL-1Ra polymorphism on in vivo human cytokine synthesis, we used a yellow fever vaccination model for the induction of cytokine synthesis in healthy volunteers. Two different yellow fever vaccines were used. After administration of the RKI vaccine (34 volunteers), plasma TNF-alpha concentration increased from 13.4 +/- 0.9 pg/ml to 23.3 +/- 1.1 pg/ml (P < 0.001), and plasma IL-1Ra concentration increased from 308 +/- 25 pg/ml to 1019 +/- 111 pg/ml (P < 0.001), on day 2. Using Stamaril vaccine, no increase in the plasma concentrations of either TNF-alpha or IL-1Ra could be detected (n = 17). Only the RKI vaccine induced TNF-alpha synthesis after in vitro stimulation of MNC. Carriers of allele 2 of the IL-1Ra polymorphism had increased baseline concentrations of IL-1Ra (350 +/- 32 pg/ml) compared with non-carriers (222 +/- 18 pg/ml, P < 0.001), and decreased concentrations of IL-1beta (0.9 +/- 0.2 pg/ml for carriers versus 2.8 +/- 0.7 pg/ml for non-carriers, P = 0.017). After yellow fever vaccination (RKI vaccine), no significant differences in the increase of IL-1Ra plasma levels were detected between carriers and non-carriers of allele 2 of the IL-1Ra gene polymorphism. This is the first study to examine the influence of this genetic polymorphism on in vivo-induced human IL-1beta and IL-1Ra synthesis. Baseline concentrations of IL-1Ra and IL-1beta were significantly influenced by the IL-1Ra polymorphism. No influence of the IL-1Ra polymorphism on the in vivo

Os alunos de administração estão em sintonia com o mercado de trabalho?

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Fábio Mosso Moreira

2014-03-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo realiza o levantamento de demandas em relação ao perfil dos profissionais de Administração pelo mercado de trabalho, descreve tais características e analisa como os alunos do curso de Administração da UNESP/Tupã se encontram em relação a tais quesitos. Os pontos levantados demonstram interesses do mercado de trabalho não somente para conhecimentos de formação técnica-acadêmica, como também, conhecimentos e habilidades interpessoais e extracurriculares. Estes pontos foram identificados através de um estudo bibliográfico e da consulta a formulários de vagas de estágio e emprego do projeto de extensão Balcão de Estágios e Empregos, na UNESP/Tupã. A partir da comparação entre estas fontes, foi possível identificar as principais competências procuradas pelas empresas no perfil de um administrador. Com caracterização do objeto de estudo foi possível realizar comparações em relação ao termo em que o aluno se encontrava no curso (3º, 5º e 7º semestres, tanto como em relação ao período (diurno e noturno, verificando se tais competências evoluíam com o passar do curso. O trabalho conclui também que não basta para os alunos de administração restringir sua formação apenas com os conhecimentos acadêmicos, sendo necessário para a formação de um perfil adequado, o desenvolvimento de atividades extracurriculares que incrementem competências como conhecimento de informática e idiomas. Constatações relevantes demonstraram que a formação dos alunos, e a forma como reagem às demandas, estão fortemente conectadas às exigências de mercado.

Juliette Pattinson, Behind Enemy Lines: Gender, Passing and the Special Operations Executive in the Second World War

OpenAIRE

Capet, Antoine

2016-01-01

Les crécibistes qui s’intéressent au domaine baptisé War Studies (à ne pas confondre avec Military History, à la fois plus facile à saisir et plus aisé à traduire) savent qu’il est en pleine expansion dans les universités britanniques. Autrefois, le King’s College de Londres en avait le quasi monopole. Aujourd’hui, il existe des centres très actifs à Birmingham, Édimbourg et Glasgow. Indirectement, également, des dépôts d’archive comme Mass Observation à Brighton et des groupes de recherche d...

Un siècle de chimie à l’Académie royale des sciences de sa création (1666 à l’arrivée de Lavoisier (1768

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Bernard Joly

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Le laboratoire alchimique, qui passe volontiers pour le lieu privilégié de l’élaboration de la chimie ancienne, symbolisait à la fois le caractère privé, si ce n’est secret, de cette science et la nécessaire articulation de ses théories avec une pratique qui lui donnait son sens : il ne s’agissait pas seulement de trouver la pierre philosophale, mais aussi de fabriquer des médicaments et des substances chimiques répondant aux demandes sociales. Lieu privé, réservé à des disciples choisis, il ...

Un siècle de chimie à l’Académie royale des sciences de sa création (1666) à l’arrivée de Lavoisier (1768)

OpenAIRE

Joly, Bernard

2014-01-01

Le laboratoire alchimique, qui passe volontiers pour le lieu privilégié de l’élaboration de la chimie ancienne, symbolisait à la fois le caractère privé, si ce n’est secret, de cette science et la nécessaire articulation de ses théories avec une pratique qui lui donnait son sens : il ne s’agissait pas seulement de trouver la pierre philosophale, mais aussi de fabriquer des médicaments et des substances chimiques répondant aux demandes sociales. Lieu privé, réservé à des disciples choisis, il ...

“LA CRUDELTÁ NON FA PER ME” - Pasolini, Artaud e il teatro del “quasi”

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Fabio Acca

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract – IT Artaud e il suo “teatro della crudeltà” costituiscono il paradigma attraverso il quale comprendere l’estromissione dell’idea di teatro di Pasolini dal sistema storiografico del Nuovo Teatro. Se oggi il teatro di Pasolini si candida ad essere il lascito più importante della drammaturgia italiana del ’900 al secolo successivo, questa conquista è stata possibile a fronte di una lunga, volontaria rimozione da parte della società del teatro. Per comprendere le cause di questo esilio è particolarmente efficace ritornare proprio alla sua esplicita distanza da Artaud. Il grande francese è stato, infatti, per la ricerca teatrale italiana, l’elemento chiave per una propria autopercezione e per una esposizione di identità. Ciò che è dunque importante mettere a fuoco non è tanto il rapporto diretto tra l’opera di Artaud e Pasolini, quanto piuttosto ciò che Pasolini connette al termine “crudeltà”, che tipo di teatro egli associa a questa parola, quale linguaggio della scena e dell’attore. Abstract – FR Artaud et son «théâtre de la cruauté» forment le paradigme par lequel on comprend l'exclusion de l'idée de théâtre de Pasolini par le système historiographique du Nouveau Théâtre. Si aujourd'hui l'oeuvre théâtrale de l'auteur pose sa candidature en tant qu'héritage le plus important de la dramaturgie italienne du XX siècle au succédant, cette conquête a été possible à travers un long et volontaire refoulement par la société du théâtre. Pour mieux comprendre les causes de cet exile, une perspective efficace est celle de revenir à son explicite écart à Artaud. Le grand français, en fait, a été l'élément-clé, pour la recherche théâtrale italienne, à remporter une perception de soi et à exposer sa propre identité. Ce qui est important à éclaircir n'est pas le rapport direct entre l'oeuvre d'Artaud et de Pasolini, mais plutôt ce que Pasolini joint au mot « cruauté �

Qu'en est-il de la transmission dans les groupes d'analyse de pratiques en formation ?

OpenAIRE

Vallet, Patricia

2012-01-01

Atelier 21 : Travail social et bénévolat; Ma recherche s'intéresse à la formation des professionnels de la relation, et à cette instance particulière qu'est l'analyse des pratiques : celle-ci suppose la transmission d'une capacité de problématisation des situations professionnelles, un regard critique ajusté, un certain rapport aux savoirs, une attitude herméneutique, et une posture particulière de l'animateur pour favoriser le cheminement des personnes en formation. Car au-delà d'une meilleu...

IL-15 deficient tax mice reveal a role for IL-1α in tumor immunity.

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Daniel A Rauch

Full Text Available IL-15 is recognized as a promising candidate for tumor immunotherapy and has been described as both a promoter of cancer and a promoter of anti-cancer immunity. IL-15 was discovered in cells transformed by HTLV-1, the etiologic agent of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL and the human retrovirus that carries the Tax oncogene. We have developed the TAX-LUC mouse model of ATL in which Tax expression drives both malignant transformation and luciferase expression, enabling non-invasive imaging of tumorigenesis in real time. To identify the role of IL-15 in spontaneous development of lymphoma in vivo, an IL-15(-/- TAX-LUC strain was developed and examined. The absence of IL-15 resulted in aggressive tumor growth and accelerated mortality and demonstrated that IL-15 was not required for Tax-mediated lymphoma but was essential for anti-tumor immunity. Further analysis revealed a unique transcriptional profile in tumor cells that arise in the absence of IL-15 that included a significant increase in the expression of IL-1α and IL-1α-regulated cytokines. Moreover, anti-IL-1α antibodies and an IL-1 receptor antagonist (Anakinra were used to interrogate the potential of IL-1α targeted therapies in this model. Taken together, these findings identify IL-15 and IL-1α as therapeutic targets in lymphoma.

Pro-inflammatory signaling by IL-10 and IL-22: bad habit stirred up by interferons ?

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Heiko eMühl

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Interleukin (IL-10 and IL-22 are key members of the IL-10 cytokine family that share characteristic properties such as defined structural features, usage of IL-10R2 as one receptor chain, and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT-3 as dominant signaling mode. IL-10, formerly known as cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, is key to deactivation of monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. Accordingly, pre-clinical studies document its anti-inflammatory capacity. However, the outcome of clinical trials assessing the therapeutic potential of IL-10 in prototypic inflammatory disorders has been disappointing. In contrast to IL-10, IL-22 acts primarily on non-leukocytic cells, in particular epithelial cells of intestine, skin, liver, and lung. STAT3-driven proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-microbial tissue protection is regarded a principal function of IL-22 at host/environment interfaces. In this hypothesis article, hidden/underappreciated pro-inflammatory characteristics of IL-10 and IL-22 are outlined and related to cellular priming by type I interferon. It is tempting to speculate that an inherent inflammatory potential of IL-10 and IL-22 confines their usage in tissue protective therapy and beyond that determines in some patients efficacy of type I interferon treatment.

Expression of IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1β in Tears as a Main Characteristic of the Immune Response in Human Microbial Keratitis

Science.gov (United States)

Santacruz, Concepcion; Linares, Marisela; Garfias, Yonathan; Loustaunau, Luisa M.; Pavon, Lenin; Perez-Tapia, Sonia Mayra; Jimenez-Martinez, Maria C.

2015-01-01

Corneal infections are frequent and potentially vision-threatening diseases, and despite the significance of the immunological response in animal models of microbial keratitis (MK), it remains unclear in humans. The aim of this study was to describe the cytokine profile of tears in patients with MK. Characteristics of ocular lesions such as size of the epithelial defect, stromal infiltration, and hypopyon were analyzed. Immunological evaluation included determination of interleukine (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in tear samples obtained from infected eyes of 28 patients with MK and compared with their contralateral non-infected eyes. Additionally, frequency of CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and CD3−CD56+ cells was also determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with MK, and compared with 48 healthy controls. Non-significant differences were observed in the size of the epithelial defect, stromal infiltration, and hypopyon. Nevertheless, we found an immunological profile apparently related to MK etiology. IL-8 > IL-6 in patients with bacterial keratitis; IL-8 > IL-6 > IL-1β and increased frequency of circulating CD3−CD56+ NK cells in patients with gram-negative keratitis; and IL-8 = IL-6 > IL-1β in patients with fungal keratitis. Characterization of tear cytokines from patients with MK could aid our understanding of the immune pathophysiological mechanisms underlying corneal damage in humans. PMID:25741769

IL-10 and IL-27 producing dendritic cells capable of enhancing IL-10 production of T cells are induced in oral tolerance.

Science.gov (United States)

Shiokawa, Aya; Tanabe, Kosuke; Tsuji, Noriko M; Sato, Ryuichiro; Hachimura, Satoshi

2009-06-30

Oral tolerance is a key feature of intestinal immunity, generating systemic tolerance to ingested antigens (Ag). Dendritic cells (DC) have been revealed as important immune regulators, however, the precise role of DC in oral tolerance induction remains unclear. We investigated the characteristics of DC in spleen, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and Peyer's patch (PP) after oral Ag administration in a TCR-transgenic mouse model. DC from PP and MLN of tolerized mice induced IL-10 production but not Foxp3 expression in cocultured T cells. IL-10 production was markedly increased after 5-7-day Ag administration especially in PP DC. On the other hand, IL-27 production was increased after 2-5-day Ag administration. CD11b(+) DC, which increased after ingestion of Ag, prominently expressed IL-10 and IL-27 compared with CD11b(-) DC. These results suggest that IL-10 and IL-27 producing DC are increased by interaction with antigen specific T cells in PP, and these DC act as an inducer of IL-10 producing T cells in oral tolerance.

IL-7 Induces an Epitope Masking of γc Protein in IL-7 Receptor Signaling Complex

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Tae Sik Goh

2017-01-01

Full Text Available IL-7 signaling via IL-7Rα and common γ-chain (γc is necessary for the development and homeostasis of T cells. Although the delicate mechanism in which IL-7Rα downregulation allows the homeostasis of T cell with limited IL-7 has been well known, the exact mechanism behind the interaction between IL-7Rα and γc in the absence or presence of IL-7 remains unclear. Additionally, we are still uncertain as to how only IL-7Rα is separately downregulated by the binding of IL-7 from the IL-7Rα/γc complex. We demonstrate here that 4G3, TUGm2, and 3E12 epitope masking of γc protein are induced in the presence of IL-7, indicating that the epitope alteration is induced by IL-7 binding to the preassembled receptor core. Moreover, the epitope masking of γc protein is inversely correlated with the expression of IL-7Rα upon IL-7 binding, implying that the structural alteration of γc might be involved in the regulation of IL-7Rα expression. The conformational change in γc upon IL-7 binding may contribute not only to forming the functional IL-7 signaling complex but also to optimally regulating the expression of IL-7Rα.

IL-7 Induces an Epitope Masking of γc Protein in IL-7 Receptor Signaling Complex

Science.gov (United States)

Goh, Tae Sik; Jo, Yuna; Lee, Byunghyuk; Kim, Geona; Hwang, Hyunju; Ko, Eunhee; Kang, Seung Wan; Oh, Sae-Ock; Baek, Sun-Yong; Yoon, Sik; Lee, Jung Sub

2017-01-01

IL-7 signaling via IL-7Rα and common γ-chain (γc) is necessary for the development and homeostasis of T cells. Although the delicate mechanism in which IL-7Rα downregulation allows the homeostasis of T cell with limited IL-7 has been well known, the exact mechanism behind the interaction between IL-7Rα and γc in the absence or presence of IL-7 remains unclear. Additionally, we are still uncertain as to how only IL-7Rα is separately downregulated by the binding of IL-7 from the IL-7Rα/γc complex. We demonstrate here that 4G3, TUGm2, and 3E12 epitope masking of γc protein are induced in the presence of IL-7, indicating that the epitope alteration is induced by IL-7 binding to the preassembled receptor core. Moreover, the epitope masking of γc protein is inversely correlated with the expression of IL-7Rα upon IL-7 binding, implying that the structural alteration of γc might be involved in the regulation of IL-7Rα expression. The conformational change in γc upon IL-7 binding may contribute not only to forming the functional IL-7 signaling complex but also to optimally regulating the expression of IL-7Rα. PMID:28127156

Le rôle de l'IL6 dans le cancer du foie lié à l'hépatopathie métabolique

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le cancer du foie est souvent mortel. Il n'existe que très peu d'options de traitement, et il s'agit de l'un des cancers dont l'incidence augmente dans le monde entier. L'obésité ou les maladies métaboliques (comme le diabète et la stéatose hépatique) constituent des facteurs de risque du cancer du foie qui sont mal compris.

IL-17-producing NKT cells depend exclusively on IL-7 for homeostasis and survival.

Science.gov (United States)

Webster, K E; Kim, H-O; Kyparissoudis, K; Corpuz, T M; Pinget, G V; Uldrich, A P; Brink, R; Belz, G T; Cho, J-H; Godfrey, D I; Sprent, J

2014-09-01

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like T cells that rapidly recognize pathogens and produce cytokines that shape the ensuing immune response. IL-17-producing NKT cells are enriched in barrier tissues, such as the lung, skin, and peripheral lymph nodes, and the factors that maintain this population in the periphery have not been elucidated. Here we show that NKT17 cells deviate from other NKT cells in their survival requirements. In contrast to conventional NKT cells that are maintained by IL-15, RORγt(+) NKT cells are IL-15 independent and instead rely completely on IL-7. IL-7 initiates a T-cell receptor-independent (TCR-independent) expansion of NKT17 cells, thus supporting their homeostasis. Without IL-7, survival is dramatically impaired, yet residual cells remain lineage committed with no downregulation of RORγt evident. Their preferential response to IL-7 does not reflect enhanced signaling through STAT proteins, but instead is modulated via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The ability to compete for IL-7 is dependent on high-density IL-7 receptor expression, which would promote uptake of low levels of IL-7 produced in the non-lymphoid sites of lung and skin. This dependence on IL-7 is also reported for RORγt(+) innate lymphoid cells and CD4(+) Th17 cells, and suggests common survival requirements for functionally similar cells.

Avaliação de cinco híbridos de milho (Zea mays, L. em diferentes estádios de maturação: 2. Concentrações dos componentes estruturais e correlações

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Beleze Juliano Ricardo Fontanini

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi conduzido para avaliar a concentração de componentes estruturais de cinco híbridos de milho Pioneer: o superprecoce P32R21, os precoces P30R07, P3041, P30F33 e o semiprecoce P30F80, em cinco estádios de maturação. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. A colheita das plantas dos híbridos de milho foi realizada em cinco estádios de maturação propostos: 30, 34, 38, 42 e 46% de matéria seca (MS. Para cada estádio de maturação, procedeu-se à separação de colmo + bainha, lâmina foliar, grão, sabugo e palha. Depois das pesagens e com posterior determinação dos teores de MS, foram obtidas as concentrações (% de grão, de sabugo + palha, de espiga, de colmo + bainha e de lâmina foliar em relação à planta inteira dos cinco híbridos, nos cinco estádios de maturação. Para todos os parâmetros avaliados, os híbridos diferiram entre si e apresentaram significância de dias pós-plantio (DPP. Ficou caracterizado que, com o avanço do estádio de maturidade da planta, ocorreram aumento nas concentrações (% de espiga e grãos e diminuição nas concentrações da lâmina foliar e colmo + bainha em relação à MS da planta inteira.

Mais oui, il était un joli temps du passé comme les autres, mon joli petit hypocoristique…

OpenAIRE

Bres, Jacques

2003-01-01

International audience; Comment rendre compte de l'imparfait dans le tour hypocoristique ? Les explications proposées consistent, de différentes manières, à ne pas prendre l'imparfait pour ce qu'il est et à lui imputer des valeurs produites par d'autres paramètres co(n)textuels. J'avance que, dans le tour hypocoristique comme dans tous ses autres emplois, l'imparfait donne la même instruction temporalo-aspectuelle; et que l'effet de sens hypocoristique est produit résultativement par l'intera...

Modello predittivo di idoneità ambientale per il cervo nell'Appennino centrale

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G. Opramolla

2003-10-01

Full Text Available In un?area di studio ampia ca. 250 km², situata tra il Parco Nazionale d?Abruzzo e quello della Majella, è stata studiata la densità del cervo in 84 unità di campionamento (ampiezza = 1 km² selezionate in maniera sistematica partendo dal reticolato geografico UTM. In ogni unità di campionamento sono stati individuati tre transetti paralleli orientati da Est a Ovest (lunghezza= 1 km/transetto e 33 plot circolari, ogni 100 m lungo i transetti. La presenza del cervo è stata rilevata tramite segni di presenza e avvistamenti. Sono stati effettuati tre campionamenti: giugno ? agosto 1999, settembre-ottobre 1999 e maggio - luglio 2000. Il cervo è risultato essere presente in 39 unità di campionamento e assente in 35. Sono state calcolate dalla cartografia numerica tramite GIS 69 variabili ambientali. La relazione tra variabili ambientali e presenza/assenza del cervo è stata analizzata con l?analisi della varianza univariata (anova e con l?analisi di regressione logistica dicotomica (rld. Sono state riscontrate differenze significative (anova tra le aree in cui è stata riscontrata la presenza del cervo ed aree in cui il cervo è risultato assente per le variabili relative alle attività antropiche, superficie delle radure, quota, esposizione, estensione delle colture, estensione e struttura del bosco e presenza di pecore al pascolo. Il modello di regressione logistica ha selezionato solo 3 variabili: superficie del bosco di latifoglie, indice medio della forma dei poligoni di bosco, superficie delle aree esposte a sud-ovest. Il modello spiega il 76% della varianza della variabile indipendente, e tutti i coefficienti di regressione sono correlati significativemente e positivamente alla probabilità di presenza del cervo. Il modello ha classificato correttamente il 91% dei casi in cui il cervo è risultato assente e il 92% dei casi in cui è risultato presente (percentuale media di classificazione= 91,9%. L?importanza del bosco nel condizionare

EST-PAC a web package for EST annotation and protein sequence prediction

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Strahm Yvan

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract With the decreasing cost of DNA sequencing technology and the vast diversity of biological resources, researchers increasingly face the basic challenge of annotating a larger number of expressed sequences tags (EST from a variety of species. This typically consists of a series of repetitive tasks, which should be automated and easy to use. The results of these annotation tasks need to be stored and organized in a consistent way. All these operations should be self-installing, platform independent, easy to customize and amenable to using distributed bioinformatics resources available on the Internet. In order to address these issues, we present EST-PAC a web oriented multi-platform software package for expressed sequences tag (EST annotation. EST-PAC provides a solution for the administration of EST and protein sequence annotations accessible through a web interface. Three aspects of EST annotation are automated: 1 searching local or remote biological databases for sequence similarities using Blast services, 2 predicting protein coding sequence from EST data and, 3 annotating predicted protein sequences with functional domain predictions. In practice, EST-PAC integrates the BLASTALL suite, EST-Scan2 and HMMER in a relational database system accessible through a simple web interface. EST-PAC also takes advantage of the relational database to allow consistent storage, powerful queries of results and, management of the annotation process. The system allows users to customize annotation strategies and provides an open-source data-management environment for research and education in bioinformatics.

A importância do processo ensino: aprendizagem do trompete entre a música erudita e o jazz, tendo como objetivo a versatilidade na performance: relatório de estágio

OpenAIRE

Vilão, João Pedro Lúcio da Costa

2015-01-01

Resumo I (Prática Pedagógica) - O Relatório de estágio foi concebido no âmbito da Unidade Curricular de Estágio do Ensino Especializado, Mestrado em Ensino da Música pela Escola Superior de Música de Lisboa. Assim, este documento assenta sobre a prática pedagógica desenvolvida no Conservatório de Música David de Sousa – Polo Pombal no ano letivo 2014-2015, abrangendo três alunos de diferentes graus de ensino. Neste Relatório será caracterizado o estabelecimento de ensino onde decorreu o estág...

Comme c'est curieux, comme c'est bizarre et quelle coïncidence ! concours de nouvelles

CERN Document Server

2015-01-01

Elles sont partout : dans la nature, nichées au coeur des tournesols, des cristaux de quartz et des coquilles d'escargot sous la forme du nombre d'or ; dans nos vies ponctuées de rencontres, d'événements qui se font écho. Coïncidences : simples fruits du hasard, vraiment, ou signes d'une causalité cachée ? Un pigeon aux intestins facétieux rencontre un Président de la République malchanceux... Un obus rencontre une chambre à coucher – mais ses occupants ont rendez-vous avec un gâteau… Un dictateur qui abuse son peuple à coups de coïncidences truquées sera démasqué grâce à la rencontre inopinée d'un officier et d'un poisson… Jonglant avec les probabilités, l'Histoire et l'actualité, les lauréats de cette 6e édition ont montré, cette fois encore, que la rigueur scientifique est la meilleure amie de la fantaisie et de l'imagination. Quant à la table ronde qui ouvre ce recueil, elle croise étymologie, chaînes de causalités et lignes d'univers pour arriver à ce constat, partag�...

Éthique de la différence dans Il padre e lo straniero de Giancarlo De Cataldo

OpenAIRE

Le Gouez, Brigitte

2012-01-01

Ce sont ici des notes de lecture que nous proposons, plus qu’une analyse véritablement aboutie. En effet, Il padre e lo straniero de Giancarlo De Cataldo est un roman qui peut susciter quelque perplexité. Le texte pourrait lui-même apparaître comme inabouti, à moins qu’il ne manifeste, précisément, une volonté d’inachèvement. Ce sont ces questionnements du lecteur que nous avons résolu d’exposer ici. Le récit oscille entre « giallo » et « noir », double coloration à laquelle nous avait déjà h...

Il paesaggio dell’architettura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paolo Zermani

2015-11-01

Full Text Available l saggio si articola come un’itinerario tra alcuni progetti italiani proposti come “occasioni di applicazione di un modo d’intendere l’architettura nel rapporto con il paesaggio smarrito, che cambia, ma potrebbe custodire ancora i valori di ciò che Heidegger definiva il “soggiorno”: la riconoscibilità intesa come misura”. Le architetture, come strumenti di conoscenza dello spazio, entrano nel paesaggio per diventarne speciali “misuratori”.Partendo dai luoghi del paesaggio padano, Noceto, con il Nuovo Municipio, con la minimale Cappella della Madonna, con il Padiglione privato, e Varano, con la Casa dal grande occhio spalancato sul bosco, alle terre umbre, con la Chiesa ed il Centro Parrocchiale di Perugia ed il Cimitero di Sansepolcro, si propone un percorso di ricerca di una identità dell’architettura italiana contemporanea nella dimensione paesaggistica. 

Il Bosone di Higgs

CERN Multimedia

Hemmer, Sabine

2018-01-01

Poster di ATLAS sul bosone di Higgs indirizzato al pubblico generico, che spiega il meccanismo di Brout-Englert-Higgs e la sua importanza. Spiega anche il ruolo del Bosone di Higgs, come viene cercato, il percorso della sua scoperta e cosa viene dopo la scoperta. Disponibile anche in Francese (http://cds.cern.ch/record/1697501) e Inglese (http://cds.cern.ch/record/1697389). Non esitate a utilizzarlo nelle sedi dei vostri Istituti e negli eventi divulgativi! Il poster è in formato A0. Cliccate sull'immagine per scaricare il .pdf ad alta qualità e stamparlo dove preferite. Per qualisasi domanda o commento potete contattare atlas-outreach-coordination@cern.ch

Le développement durable est-il bienvenu dans les organisations ? Cas de l’implantation d’un Système de Management Environnemental en Tunisie

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Moez Ben Yedder

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Les entreprises sociétalement responsables sont celles qui s’inscrivent dans une logique de développement durable. Leur engagement se matérialise, notamment, par le déploiement de systèmes de gestion respectueux de l’environnement tels que les systèmes de management environnemental (SME. En plus de leur portée écologique, ces derniers ont une visée sociale puisqu’ils permettent d’améliorer les conditions de travail des opérateurs. Toutefois, leur mise en place peut être gênée par ces derniers s’ils ne retrouvent pas leurs intérêts lors de l’instauration d’un tel système. L’objectif de ce texte est d’étayer cette idée à partir de l’étude de cas d’une entreprise tunisienne où l’instauration d’un SME n’a pu aboutir en partie à cause de la résistance du personnel. Dans ce sens, nous appuierons l’idée selon laquelle les pratiques du Développement Durable et de la Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise ne se greffent pas ex abrupto sur une entreprise mais nécessitent certains préalables d’ordre organisationnel pour être mis en place.Socially responsible firms are the ones which act in accordance to sustainable development logic. Their engagement is materialised by deploying environment friendly practices such as environmental management system (EMS. Those systems have also a social purpose in the way that they allow enhancing work conditions of operators. However, their setting could be embarrassed by those ones because of the change of habits that it implies for them. The purpose of this study is to shore up this idea by resorting to a case study of a Tunisian firm in which the setting of the environmental management system turned failed in part because of the resistance of the personnel. We will defend the idea that practices of sustainable development and corporate social responsibilities couldn’t be correctly adopted by firms without taking into consideration to some organizational

Aspirin induces IL-4 production: augmented IL-4 production in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease

Science.gov (United States)

Kong, Su-Kang; Soo Kim, Byung; Gi Uhm, Tae; Soo Chang, Hun; Sook Park, Jong; Woo Park, Sung; Park, Choon-Sik; Chung, Il Yup

2016-01-01

Aspirin hypersensitivity is a hallmark of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), a clinical syndrome characterized by the severe inflammation of the respiratory tract after ingestion of cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitors. We investigated the capacity of aspirin to induce interleukin-4 (IL-4) production in inflammatory cells relevant to AERD pathogenesis and examined the associated biochemical and molecular pathways. We also compared IL-4 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with AERD vs aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) upon exposure to aspirin. Aspirin induced IL-4 expression and activated the IL-4 promoter in a report assay. The capacity of aspirin to induce IL-4 expression correlated with its activity to activate mitogen-activated protein kinases, to form DNA–protein complexes on P elements in the IL-4 promoter and to synthesize nuclear factor of activated T cells, critical transcription factors for IL-4 transcription. Of clinical importance, aspirin upregulated IL-4 production twice as much in PBMCs from patients with AERD compared with PBMCs from patients with ATA. Our results suggest that IL-4 is an inflammatory component mediating intolerance reactions to aspirin, and thus is crucial for AERD pathogenesis. PMID:27534531

Relatório de Estágio Curricular – Guarda Unida Desportiva & UDR Santa Maria (Futebol)

OpenAIRE

Lage, André

2015-01-01

O meu estágio foi realizado em duas instituições. Primeiramente, fui acolhido pela Guarda Unida Sport Club, como treinador adjunto da sua equipa de Juvenis que disputou o Campeonato Distrital de Juvenis da Associação de Futebol da Guarda. Devido a problemas de ordem familiar optei por regressar a Lisboa no segundo semestre, onde exerci as funções de treinador adjunto da equipa de Infantis 7 da União Desportiva e Recreativa de Santa Maria, que participou no Campeonato Distrital de Infantis...

AcEST: BP921475 [AcEST

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available BlastX Result : Swiss-Prot sp_hit_id O35902 Definition sp|O35902|DSG3_MOUSE Desmoglein-3 OS=Mus musculus Al...gnificant alignments: (bits) Value sp|O35902|DSG3_MOUSE Desmoglein-3 OS=Mus musculus GN=Dsg3 PE=2 SV=1 31 2....2 sp|Q29IL2|POMT2_DROPS Protein O-mannosyl-transferase 2 OS=Drosop... 30 4.8 >sp|O35902|DSG3_MOUSE Desmog

IL-6 Improves Energy and Glucose Homeostasis in Obesity via Enhanced Central IL-6 trans-Signaling.

Science.gov (United States)

Timper, Katharina; Denson, Jesse Lee; Steculorum, Sophie Marie; Heilinger, Christian; Engström-Ruud, Linda; Wunderlich, Claudia Maria; Rose-John, Stefan; Wunderlich, F Thomas; Brüning, Jens Claus

2017-04-11

Interleukin (IL)-6 engages similar signaling mechanisms to leptin. Here, we find that central application of IL-6 in mice suppresses feeding and improves glucose tolerance. In contrast to leptin, whose action is attenuated in obesity, the ability of IL-6 to suppress feeding is enhanced in obese mice. IL-6 suppresses feeding in the absence of neuronal IL-6-receptor (IL-6R) expression in hypothalamic or all forebrain neurons of mice. Conversely, obese mice exhibit increased soluble IL-6R levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Blocking IL-6 trans-signaling in the CNS abrogates the ability of IL-6 to suppress feeding. Furthermore, gp130 expression is enhanced in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) of obese mice, and deletion of gp130 in the PVH attenuates the beneficial central IL-6 effects on metabolism. Collectively, these experiments indicate that IL-6 trans-signaling is enhanced in the CNS of obese mice, allowing IL-6 to exert its beneficial metabolic effects even under conditions of leptin resistance. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

IL-6 Improves Energy and Glucose Homeostasis in Obesity via Enhanced Central IL-6 trans-Signaling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katharina Timper

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Interleukin (IL-6 engages similar signaling mechanisms to leptin. Here, we find that central application of IL-6 in mice suppresses feeding and improves glucose tolerance. In contrast to leptin, whose action is attenuated in obesity, the ability of IL-6 to suppress feeding is enhanced in obese mice. IL-6 suppresses feeding in the absence of neuronal IL-6-receptor (IL-6R expression in hypothalamic or all forebrain neurons of mice. Conversely, obese mice exhibit increased soluble IL-6R levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Blocking IL-6 trans-signaling in the CNS abrogates the ability of IL-6 to suppress feeding. Furthermore, gp130 expression is enhanced in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH of obese mice, and deletion of gp130 in the PVH attenuates the beneficial central IL-6 effects on metabolism. Collectively, these experiments indicate that IL-6 trans-signaling is enhanced in the CNS of obese mice, allowing IL-6 to exert its beneficial metabolic effects even under conditions of leptin resistance.

Utile, utilisable, désirable redessiner les bibliothèques pour leurs utilisateurs

CERN Document Server

Etches, Amanda

2016-01-01

Useful, usable, desirable, publié par l’American Library Association (ALA) en 2014, est à la fois un manifeste et un guide pratique, proche du livre de recettes, résolument centré sur l’utilisateur des bibliothèques et qui permet de faire une auto-évaluation de son propre établissement et d’engager des chantiers d’amélioration des services aux publics. Écrit dans un style très proche du guide touristique, interpellant le lecteur, il a pour ambition de s’adresser à tout professionnel des bibliothèques, quels que soient son grade, sa nationalité et l’établissement dans lequel il travaille. La traduction, collaborative, est réalisée par une équipe de bibliothécaires, et supervisée par Nathalie Clot.

مدخل إلى علم تعليم اللغات مبادئ تعليم اللغة العربية والعوامل المؤثرة فيه

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Salmi

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Les différents développements que connaît la recherche en didactique rendent nécessaire la prise en charge de l'analyse des méthodes d'enseignement de la langue arabe dans les pays où elle a acquis le statut de langue nationale et officielle ; et où est elle est considérée tout à la fois comme langue enseignée et comme langue d'enseignement.Il importe donc de la considérer à l'aune des récents travaux en didactique des langues maternelles. En conséquence, nous passerons en revue dans cet article, les principaux éléments qu'il faut considérer dans l'acquisition de l'arabe et les facteurs qui impactent les opérations d'enseignement.

Liposarcome dorsal: aspect clinique rare

Science.gov (United States)

Agbessi, Odry; Arrob, Adil; Fiqhi, Kamal; Khalfi, Lahcen; Nassih, Mohammed; El Khatib, Karim

2015-01-01

Décrit la première fois par Virchow en 1860, le liposarcome est une tumeur mésenchymateuse rare. Cette rareté est relative car les liposarcomes représentent quand même 14 à 18% de l'ensemble des tumeurs malignes des parties molles et ils constituent le plus fréquent des sarcomes des parties molles. Pour la majorité des auteurs, il ne se développerait jamais sur un lipome ou une lipomatose préexistant. Nous rapportons un cas de volumineux liposarcome de la face dorsale du tronc. L'histoire de la maladie, l'aspect clinique inhabituel « de tumeur dans tumeur », l'aspect de la pièce opératoire nous fait évoquer la possibilité de la transformation maligne d'un lipome bénin préexistant. PMID:26113914

Diagnostic value of combined determination of serum and chest fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA), IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 contents for differentiation of tuberculous from malignant pleural effusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu Jiaming; Wang Limin

2005-01-01

Objective: To investigate the possible diagnostic value of combined determination of serum and chest fluid contents of ADA, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 in patients with tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion. Methods: Serum and chest fluid ADA (with biochemical method), IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 (with ELISA) contents were measured in 56 patients with tuberculosis pleural effusion, 53 patients with malignant effusion and 30 controls (in serum only). The receiving operative characteristic (ROC) curve for each parameter was analyzed for study of respective area under curse (Auc). Results: The serum IL-6 levels in both groups of patients were significantly higher than those in the controls (P<0.05). The chest fluid contents of ADA, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 in patients with tuberculous effusion were all significantly higher than those in patients with malignancies (P<0.05). The Auc in the ROC was largest in the case of ADA, followed by IL-10, IL-6 with IL-2 the least. Conclusion: Determination of chest fluid ADA, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 contents was helpful in the differentiation of tuberculous from malignant pleural effusion. Combined determination of chest fluid ADA and IL-10 provided the highest accuracy rate for differentional diagnosis. (authors)

25-Hydroxyvitamin D, IL-31, and IL-33 in Children with Allergic Disease of the Airways

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Bonanno

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Low vitamin D is involved in allergic asthma and rhinitis. IL-31 and IL-33 correlate with Th2-associated cytokines in allergic disease. We investigated whether low vitamin D is linked with circulating IL-31 and IL-33 in children with allergic disease of the airways. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH Vit D], IL-31, and IL-33 plasma levels were measured in 28 controls (HC, 11 allergic rhinitis (AR patients, and 35 allergic asthma with rhinitis (AAR patients. We found significant lower levels of 25(OH Vit D in AR and in AAR than in HC. IL-31 and IL-33 plasma levels significantly increased in AAR than HC. IL-31 and IL-33 positively correlated in AR and AAR. 25(OH Vit D deficient AAR had higher levels of blood eosinophils, exacerbations, disease duration, and total IgE than patients with insufficient or sufficient 25(OH Vit D. In AAR 25(OH Vit D levels inversely correlated with total allergen sIgE score and total atopy index. IL-31 and IL-33 did not correlate with 25(OH Vit D in AR and AAR. In conclusion, low levels of 25(OH Vit D might represent a risk factor for the development of concomitant asthma and rhinitis in children with allergic disease of the airways independently of IL-31/IL-33 Th2 activity.

Il colore delle cose

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vincenzo Vitiello

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Tema di questo saggio è l’operare della riflessione. Vitiello, dopo essersi soffermato sulla «frattura» tra la riflessione (il «vedersi» e il suo operare in Valéry, si concentra sul processo, descritto da Hegel nella Fenomenologia dello spirito, dell’esperienza della coscienza che s’eleva a coscienza dell’esperienza. La conclusione è fortemente critica: Hegel fallisce la mèta nel punto stesso in cui la raggiunge. Infatti nel sapere assoluto, nella visione compiuta, perfetta di sé, della luce che vede luce, viene meno proprio l’esperienza della coscienza, il suo divenire, la sua «imperfezione». La critica a Hegel, passando attraverso Nietzsche, si amplia a critica del linguaggio, in particolare del linguaggio dell’«essere» e  dell’«è», e delle tautologie heideggeriane quali «das Ereignis ereignet», «das Ding dingt», «die Welt weltet». Un importante passaggio del testo è quello sul linguaggio teatrale in cui la parola sembra riacquistare il legame originale tra la voce e il gesto, che tuttavia restano divisi, perché proprio il medio che li lega, il «colore» della parola, è «fuori» della parola e del gesto. Resta la parola dell’agire, dei pragmata, in cui il fare si espone nella sua modalità più propria: nell’immediatezza del patire: il grido di dolore; o nella mediatezza riflessiva dell’imperativo morale: Handle! I due opposti «colori» delle cose.

Counterbalancing of TH2-driven allergic airway inflammation by IL-12 does not require IL-10.

Science.gov (United States)

Tournoy, K G; Kips, J C; Pauwels, R A

2001-03-01

Asthma is characterized by allergen-induced airway inflammation orchestrated by TH2 cells. The TH1-promoting cytokine IL-12 is capable of inhibiting the TH2-driven allergen-induced airway changes in mice and is therefore regarded as an interesting strategy for treating asthma. The antiallergic effects of IL-12 are only partially dependent of IFN-gamma. Because IL-12 is a potent inducer of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, the aim of the present study was to investigate in vivo whether the antiallergic effects of IL-12 are mediated through IL-10. C57BL/6J-IL-10 knock-out (IL-10(-/-)) mice were sensitized intraperitoneally to ovalbumin (OVA) and subsequently exposed from day 14 to day 21 to aerosolized OVA (1%). IL-12 was administered intraperitoneally during sensitization, subsequent OVA exposure, or both. IL-12 inhibited the OVA-induced airway eosinophilia, despite the absence of IL-10. Moreover, a shift from a TH2 inflammatory pattern toward a TH1 reaction was observed, with concomitant pronounced mononuclear peribronchial inflammation after IL-12 treatment. Allergen-specific IgE synthesis was completely suppressed only when IL-12 was administered along with the allergen sensitization. Furthermore, treating the animals with IL-12 at the time of the secondary allergen challenge resulted not only in a significant suppression of the airway responsiveness but also in an important IFN-gamma-associated toxicity. These results indicate that IL-12 is able to inhibit allergen-induced airway changes, even in the absence of IL-10. In addition, our results raise concerns regarding the redirection of TH2 inflammation by TH1-inducing therapies because treatment with IL-12 resulted not only in a disappearance of the TH2 inflammation but also in a TH1-driven inflammatory pulmonary pathology.

Precipitação efetiva e interceptação da chuva em um fragmento florestal com diferentes estágios de regeneração

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Alexandre Simões Lorenzon

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a precipitação efetiva e a interceptação da chuva em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual em estágio inicial e avançado de regeneração no Município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, no período de agosto de 2009 a fevereiro de 2011. Foram demarcadas seis parcelas, três na área de regeneração inicial e três na área de regeneração avançada. Para quantificar a precipitação interna e o escoamento pelo tronco, foram instalados 25 pluviômetros em cada parcela e coletores nas árvores com circunferência 15 cm. Além disso, um pluviômetro foi instalado em local aberto para quantificar a precipitação em aberto, que no período estudado foi igual a 1.509,96 mm. Em média, 85,08 e 74,93% da precipitação em aberto, respectivamente, no estágio inicial e avançado de regeneração, chegam ao solo via precipitação efetiva. A interceptação pelo dossel florestal foi maior na área avançada do que na área inicial de regeneração, correspondendo, respectivamente, a 25,07 e 14,92% da precipitação em aberto, o que sugere que áreas mais densamente povoadas interceptam maior quantidade de chuva e, consequentemente, geram menor precipitação efetiva.

[Cytokines and malaria. A study of TNF-alpha, IL1-beta, IL6 and IL2R in 28 patients].

Science.gov (United States)

Nicolas, P; Hovette, P; Merouze, F; Touze, J E; Martet, G

1994-01-01

Authors have studied TNF alpha, IL1 bêta, IL6 and RIL2s in 28 malaria illness patients. Increased levels of TNF, IL1 bêta and RIL2s in serum, are observed on admission to hospital. These cytokine levels are decreased, eight days later, after patients are treated. In discussion, TNF levels as a prognosis component is evocated.

Profile of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN- ? , TNF- ? and KC-like cytokines in pregnant bitches

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M.A.R. Feliciano

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine the profile of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α cytokines and KC-like cells (natural killer in pregnant bitches, unpublished values for the species. A total of 27 females of the Shi Tzu, Pug, English Bulldog and French breeds, weighing 4-20kg and aged 4-6 years were used. Blood samples were collected from bitches during the anestrous and on the 2nd, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th week of pregnancy. Serum levels of cytokines were measured by panel MILLIPLEX MAP (CCYTO-90K, MILLIPORE, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA validated for dogs. Twenty four females showed physiological pregnancy and three bitches showed pathological pregnancy. There was no difference between cytokine values during anestrous and gestational weeks of bitches (P>0.05. However, it was possible to verify the physiological behavior of serum levels during modulation of immune response in the gestational process of animals. In animals with gestational disorders, abnormal values for IL-2, IL-4 and INF-y were noted. It was concluded that serum levels of cytokines evaluated in pregnant bitches can help the better understanding of physiological and pathological gestational processes and correlated immunology in this species.

Formação do audiodescritor: a estética cinematográfica como base para o aprendizado da estética da audiodescrição - materiais, métodos e produtos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Soraya Ferreira Alves

2016-09-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2016v36n3p34 A Audiodescrição (AD, recurso utilizado para tornar o teatro, o cinema, a TV, bem como obras de arte visuais, acessíveis a pessoas com deficiência visual, vem aos poucos sendo implantada no Brasil e demandando profissionais capacitados. Com base nessa constatação, este artigo traz o relato de um projeto desenvolvido durante estágio pós-doutoral que se dedicou ao confronto da estética cinematográfica com as técnicas de audiodescrição a fim de verificar como o conhecimento da primeira pode contribuir para a formação do audiodescritor. Por meio da pesquisa-ação, foi produzido um curta-metragem adaptado de um conto de Mário de Andrade intitulado O Peru de Natal. O filme homônimo, assim como sua audiodescrição, foram realizados pelos alunos e professores da disciplina Tradução Intersemiótica do curso de Letras da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE. Assim, pretendeu-se sugerir procedimentos didáticos que partiram da experiência dos alunos ao avaliarem suas escolhas e as implicações destas.

Cytokine vaccination: neutralising IL-1alpha autoantibodies induced by immunisation with homologous IL-1alpha

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Svenson, M; Hansen, M B; Thomsen, Allan Randrup

2000-01-01

with IL-1alpha coupled to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD). Both unprimed and primed animals developed IgG aAb to IL-1alpha. These aAb persisted at high levels more than 100 days after vaccination and did not cross-react with murine IL-1beta. The induced anti-IL-1alpha aAb inhibited binding...... in mice by vaccination with recombinant murine IL-1alpha conjugated to PPD. Studies of the effects of IL-1alpha aAb in such animals may help clarify the importance of naturally occurring IL-1alpha aAb in humans and permit the evaluation of future therapies with cytokine aAb in patients...

Clinical value of determination of changes of serum Gas, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-18 levels after transfusion of Red blood cells in patients with peptic ulcer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Tingting; Li Xinghua

2011-01-01

Objective: To investigation the changes of serum Gas, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-18 contents after transfusion of red blood cells in patients with peptic ulcer. Methods: Serum Gas, IL-2, IL-10 (with RIA), serum IL-18 (with ELISA) levels were measured in 31 patients with peptic ulcer and 35 controls. Results: Before transfusion,the serum IL-2 level in the patients was significantly lower than that in controls (P 0.05). Conclusion: Detection of serum Gas, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-18 levels is clinically useful for monitoring progress and favourable prognosis of patients with peptic ulcer possess important clinical value. (authors)

Clinical significance of determination of changes of EPS IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10 and LDH5/LDH1 levels in patients with chronic prostatitis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Yongchang

2009-01-01

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of the changes of expressed prostatic secretion IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10 and LDH5/LDH1 levels in patients with chronic prostatitis. Methods: Expressed prostatic secretion IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10 (with Radioimmunoassay) and LDH5/LDH1 (with cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis) levels were determined in 32 patients with chronic prostatitis and 35 controls. These 32 patients were of 3 groups: 1)chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP, n=10) 2) chronic pelvic pain syndrome IIIA (CPPS IIIA n=9) 3) CPPSIIIB n=13. Results: Expressed prostatic secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-2 and LDH5/LDH1 were significantly higher in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) groups than those in controls (all P 0.05). But the expressed prostatic secretion levels of IL-10 were still significantly lower in patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CPPSIIIB) groups than those in controls (all P<0.05). Conclusion: There were changes of expressed prostatic secretion IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10 and LDH5/LDH1 levels in patients with chronic prostatitis. Combined determination of the expressed prostatic secretion 4 markers levels is valuable for the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis and CPPSIII and for differentiation of CPPSIII types. (authors)

Endogenous IL-1 in cognitive function and anxiety: a study in IL-1RI-/- mice.

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Carol L Murray

Full Text Available Interleukin-1 (IL-1 is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, produced predominantly by peripheral immune cells but also by glia and some neuronal populations within the brain. Its signalling is mediated via the binding of IL-1α or IL-1β to the interleukin-1 type one receptor (IL-1RI. IL-1 plays a key role in inflammation-induced sickness behaviour, resulting in depressed locomotor activity, decreased exploration, reduced food and water intake and acute cognitive deficits. Conversely, IL-1 has also been suggested to facilitate hippocampal-dependent learning and memory: IL-1RI(-/- mice have been reported to show deficits on tasks of visuospatial learning and memory. We sought to investigate whether there is a generalised hippocampal deficit in IL-1RI(-/- animals. Therefore, in the current study we compared wildtype (WT mice to IL-1RI(-/- mice using a variety of hippocampal-dependent learning and memory tasks, as well as tests of anxiety and locomotor activity. We found no difference in performance of the IL-1RI(-/- mice compared to WT mice in a T-maze working memory task. In addition, the IL-1RI(-/- mice showed normal learning in various spatial reference memory tasks including the Y-maze and Morris mater maze, although there was a subtle deficit in choice behaviour in a spatial discrimination, beacon watermaze task. IL-1RI(-/- mice also showed normal memory for visuospatial context in the contextual fear conditioning paradigm. In the open field, IL-1RI(-/- mice showed a significant increase in distance travelled and rearing behaviour compared to the WT mice and in the elevated plus-maze spent more time in the open arms than did the WT animals. The data suggest that, contrary to prior studies, IL-1RI(-/- mice are not robustly impaired on hippocampal-dependent memory and learning but do display open field hyperactivity and decreased anxiety compared to WT mice. The results argue for a careful evaluation of the roles of endogenous IL-1 in hippocampal

Elevated levels of circulating IL-18BP and perturbed regulation of IL-18 in schizophrenia

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Palladino Ilaria

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin (IL-18 has been proposed to play a role in schizophrenia, since elevated circulating levels of its protein and altered frequencies of genetic variants in its molecular system are reported in schizophrenic patients. Methods We analyzed 77 patients with schizophrenia diagnosis (SCZ and 77 healthy control subjects (HC for serum concentration of both IL-18 and its natural inhibitor, the IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP. Results We confirmed that serum levels of total IL-18 are significantly increased in SCZ, as compared to HC. However, due to a highly significant increase in levels of circulating IL-18BP in SCZ, as compared to HC, the levels of free, bioactive IL-18 are not significantly different between the two groups. In addition, the relationships between the levels of IL-18 and its inhibitor, as well as between the two molecules and age appear dissimilar for SCZ and HC. In particular, the elevated levels of IL-18BP, likely a consequence of the body’s attempt to counteract the early prominent inflammation which characterizes schizophrenia, are maintained in earlier and later stages of the disease. However, the IL-18BP elevation appears ineffective to balance the IL-18 system in younger SCZ patients, while in older patients the levels of circulating bioactive IL-18 are comparable to those of HC, if not lower. Conclusions In conclusion, these findings indicate that the IL-18 system is perturbed in schizophrenia, supporting the idea that this pro-inflammatory cytokine might be part of a pathway of genetic and environmental components for vulnerability to the disease.

IL-36γ Is a Strong Inducer of IL-23 in Psoriatic Cells and Activates Angiogenesis

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Charlie Bridgewood

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The IL-1 family member cytokine IL-36γ is recognised as key mediator in the immunopathology of psoriasis, hallmarks of which involve the activation of both resident and infiltrating inflammatory myeloid cells and aberrant angiogenesis. This research demonstrates a role for IL-36γ in both myeloid activation and angiogenesis. We show that IL-36γ induces the production of psoriasis-associated cytokines from macrophages (IL-23 and TNFα and that this response is enhanced in macrophages from psoriasis patients. This effect is specific for IL-36γ and could not be mimicked by other IL-1 family cytokines such as IL-1α. IL-36γ was also demonstrated to induce endothelial tube formation and branching, in a VEGF-A-dependent manner. Furthermore, IL-36γ-stimulated macrophages potently activated endothelial cells and led to increased adherence of monocytes, effects that were markedly more pronounced for psoriatic macrophages. Interestingly, regardless of stimulus, psoriasis monocytes showed increased adherence to both the stimulated and unstimulated endothelium when compared with monocytes from healthy individuals. Collectively, these findings show that IL-36γ has the potential to enhance endothelium directed leucocyte infiltration into the skin and strengthen the IL-23/IL-17 pathway adding to the growing evidence of pathogenetic roles for IL-36γ in psoriatic responses. Our findings also point to a cellular response, which could potentially explain cardiovascular comorbidities in psoriasis in the form of endothelial activation and increased monocyte adherence.

IL-36γ Is a Strong Inducer of IL-23 in Psoriatic Cells and Activates Angiogenesis.

Science.gov (United States)

Bridgewood, Charlie; Fearnley, Gareth W; Berekmeri, Anna; Laws, Philip; Macleod, Tom; Ponnambalam, Sreenivasan; Stacey, Martin; Graham, Anne; Wittmann, Miriam

2018-01-01

The IL-1 family member cytokine IL-36γ is recognised as key mediator in the immunopathology of psoriasis, hallmarks of which involve the activation of both resident and infiltrating inflammatory myeloid cells and aberrant angiogenesis. This research demonstrates a role for IL-36γ in both myeloid activation and angiogenesis. We show that IL-36γ induces the production of psoriasis-associated cytokines from macrophages (IL-23 and TNFα) and that this response is enhanced in macrophages from psoriasis patients. This effect is specific for IL-36γ and could not be mimicked by other IL-1 family cytokines such as IL-1α. IL-36γ was also demonstrated to induce endothelial tube formation and branching, in a VEGF-A-dependent manner. Furthermore, IL-36γ-stimulated macrophages potently activated endothelial cells and led to increased adherence of monocytes, effects that were markedly more pronounced for psoriatic macrophages. Interestingly, regardless of stimulus, psoriasis monocytes showed increased adherence to both the stimulated and unstimulated endothelium when compared with monocytes from healthy individuals. Collectively, these findings show that IL-36γ has the potential to enhance endothelium directed leucocyte infiltration into the skin and strengthen the IL-23/IL-17 pathway adding to the growing evidence of pathogenetic roles for IL-36γ in psoriatic responses. Our findings also point to a cellular response, which could potentially explain cardiovascular comorbidities in psoriasis in the form of endothelial activation and increased monocyte adherence.

IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAb immunocomplexes: A renascence of IL-2 in cancer immunotherapy?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Tomala, Jakub; Kovář, Marek

2016-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 3 (2016), e1102829 ISSN 2162-402X R&D Projects: GA ČR GA13-12885S; GA MŠk(CZ) ED1.1.00/02.0109 Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : Anti-IL-2 mAb * cancer immunotherapy * IL-2 Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 7.719, year: 2016

A comparison of blood and cerebrospinal fluid cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α in neonates with perinatal hypoxia

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Darinka Šumanović-Glamuzina

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia is a specific and important pathological event in neonatal care practice. The data on relationship between the concentrations of cytokines in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF and perinatal brain injury are scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in interleukin (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α levels in newborns with perinatal hypoxia (PNH. CSF and serum samples of 35 term and near-term (35-40 weeks newborns with PNH, at the age of 3-96 hours, were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Control group consisted of 25 non-asphyxic/non-hypoxic infants of the same age sampled for clinically suspected perinatal meningitis, but proven negative and healthy otherwise. The cytokine values in CSF and serum samples were determined in relation to initial hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE staged according the Sarnat/Sarnat method, and compared with neurological outcome at 12 months of age estimated using Amiel-Tison procedure. The concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum of PNH patients were significantly higher compared to control group (p = 0.0407 and p = 0.023, respectively. No significant difference between average values of cytokines in relation to the stage of HIE was observed. Significantly higher levels of IL-6 and IL-18 corresponded to a mildly abnormal neurological outcome, while higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α corresponded to a severely abnormal neurological outcome, at 12 months of age. Elevated serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α better corresponded with hypoxia/ischemia compared to CSF values, within 96 hours of birth. Also, higher serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18 corresponded better with abnormal neurological outcome at 12 months of age, compared to CSF values.

Le principe non bis in idem et le droit communautaire

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Hedabou, Aziz

2018-01-01

Le principe non bis in idem est une garantie fondamentale qui interdit que les mêmes faits soit poursuivi et puni deux fois. Il est reconnu par tous les droits internes et “appartient aux droit universel des nations”. Dès lors, sa lettre et son esprit ne sont plus cantonnés au droit interne et ont tendance à s’internationaliser. En droit communautaire, l’étude du principe non bis in idem peut être envisagée sous trois angles différents. D’abord en droit pénal international unilatéral où chaqu...

Blood concentrations of the cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma during experimentally induced swine dysentery

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Jensen-Waern Marianne

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Knowledge of the cytokine response at infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae can help understanding disease mechanisme involved during swine dysentery. Since this knowledge is still limited the aim of the present study was to induce dysentery experimentally in pigs and to monitor the development of important immunoregulatory cytokines in blood collected at various stages of the disease. Methods Ten conventional pigs (~23 kg were orally inoculated with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae B204T. Eight animals developed muco-haemorrhagic diarrhoea with impaired general body condition. Blood was sampled before inoculation and repeatedly during acute dysentery and recovery periods and cytokine levels of IL-1β, IL-6, Il-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. Results IL-1β was increased at the beginning of the dysentery period and coincided with the appearance of Serum amyloid A and clinical signs of disease. TNF-α increased in all animals after inoculation, with a peak during dysentery, and IL-6 was found in 3 animals during dysentery and in the 2 animals that did not develop clinical signs of disease. IL-10 was found in all sick animals during the recovery period. IFN-γ was not detected on any occasion. Conclusion B. hyodysenteriae inoculation induced production of systemic levels of IL-1β during the dysentery period and increased levels of IL-10 coincided with recovery from dysentery.

Il secondo principio

CERN Document Server

Atkins, Peter W

1988-01-01

L'asimmetria della Natura ; l'indicatore di una trasformazione ; scivolando verso il caos ; la quantificazione del caos ; la potenzialità del caos ; le trasformazioni del caos ; il dominio della temperatura ; caos costtrutivo ; le strutture del caos.

Il corpo narratore

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Ivano Gamelli

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Sapere cosa provo attraverso il mio corpo di fronte all’altro mi permette non solo di capire cosa l'altro prova, soprattutto di generare naturalmente un’effettiva sintonizzazione, di evidenziare e nominare emozioni e sentimenti che in-formano la relazione con quel particolare bambino, adolescente o adulto che sia. Il rapporto con il linguaggio del corpo, prima ancora di divenire pratica psicopedagogica, è una 'pedagogia dell'esistenza'. Una pratica della nostra quotidianità che possiamo affinare oltre e prima che essa diventi pratica psicopedagogica.

Targeting the IL-17/IL-6 axis can alter growth of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in vivo/in vitro.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Fang; McCaw, Lindsay; Spaner, David E; Gorczynski, Reginald M

2018-03-01

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical to the longevity of tumor B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and the cytokines they produce including IL-6 are important components of the TME in CLL. We found BMMSCs supported the survival of CLL cells in vitro through an IL-6 dependent mechanism. IL-17 which induces IL-6 generation in a variety of cells increased production of IL-6 both in CLL cells and BMMSCs in vitro. In a xenograft CLL mouse model, BMMSCs and the culture supernatant of BMMSCs increased engraftment of CLL cells through an IL-6 mediated mechanism with human recombinant IL-6 showing similar effects in vivo. Human recombinant IL-17 treatment also increased CLL engraftment in mice through an IL-6 mediated mechanism. Plasma of CLL patients showed elevated levels of both IL-6 and IL-17 by ELISA compared with healthy controls, with levels of IL-6 linearly correlated with IL-17 levels. CLL patients requiring fludarabine based chemotherapy expressed higher levels of IL-6 and IL-17, while CLL patients with the lowest levels of IgA/IgM had higher levels of IL-6, but not IL-17. These data imply an important role for the IL-17/IL-6 axis in CLL which could be therapeutic targets. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Il Sole, il genoma e Internet strumenti delle revoluzioni scientifiche

CERN Document Server

Dyson, Freeman J

2000-01-01

In queste appassionate conferenze «di soglia» Dyson si sporge sul domani con la visionarietà di un Verne o di un Wells, consapevole però di abbozzare «solo uno dei corsi possibili, tra i milioni di altri che il futuro potrà riservarci». Il nuovo trivio di forze rivoluzionarie che, secondo il modello di Dyson, muoverà lo sviluppo ha nomi noti a tutti, e disputati da molti: energia solare, ingegneria genetica, rete di comunicazione globale. Un loro utilizzo flessibile e sinergico arriverebbe a ridisegnare il paesaggio sociale del pianeta, facendo affluire verso aree depresse risorse ora concentrate in pochi paesi, e ridando vita ovunque all'economia di villaggio. La raccolta di energia da una fonte equidistribuita come la luce solare potrebbe infatti avvenire attraverso coltivazioni arboree manipolate genetica mente allo scopo, con costi sostenibili e senza pregiudizio della ecodiversità. Sia che guardi al prossimo futuro terrestre sia che contempli la prospettiva non troppo lontana di insediamenti uma...

IL-15/IL-15 receptor biology: a guided tour through an expanding universe.

Science.gov (United States)

Budagian, Vadim; Bulanova, Elena; Paus, Ralf; Bulfone-Paus, Silvia

2006-08-01

The cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15) has a key role in promoting survival, proliferation and activation of natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells. Despite its functional similarities to IL-2, IL-15 affects a wider range of target cell populations and utilizes different mechanisms of signaling. Here, we review recent advances in the IL-15-mediated signaling, and in the functional properties on cells besides T lymphocytes and NK cells. These are discussed in the context of their potential clinical and therapeutic relevance.

Signaling through IL-17C/IL-17RE is dispensable for immunity to systemic, oral and cutaneous candidiasis.

Science.gov (United States)

Conti, Heather R; Whibley, Natasha; Coleman, Bianca M; Garg, Abhishek V; Jaycox, Jillian R; Gaffen, Sarah L

2015-01-01

Candida albicans is a commensal fungal microbe of the human orogastrointestinal tract and skin. C. albicans causes multiple forms of disease in immunocompromised patients, including oral, vaginal, dermal and disseminated candidiasis. The cytokine IL-17 (IL-17A) and its receptor subunits, IL-17RA and IL-17RC, are required for protection to most forms of candidiasis. The importance of the IL-17R pathway has been observed not only in knockout mouse models, but also in humans with rare genetic mutations that impact generation of Th17 cells or the IL-17 signaling pathway, including Hyper-IgE Syndrome (STAT3 or TYK2 mutations) or IL17RA or ACT1 gene deficiency. The IL-17 family of cytokines is a distinct subclass of cytokines with unique structural and signaling properties. IL-17A is the best-characterized member of the IL-17 family to date, but far less is known about other IL-17-related cytokines. In this study, we sought to determine the role of a related IL-17 cytokine, IL-17C, in protection against oral, dermal and disseminated forms of C. albicans infection. IL-17C signals through a heterodimeric receptor composed of the IL-17RA and IL-17RE subunits. We observed that IL-17C mRNA was induced following oral C. albicans infection. However, mice lacking IL-17C or IL-17RE cleared C. albicans infections in the oral mucosa, skin and bloodstream at rates similar to WT littermate controls. Moreover, these mice demonstrated similar gene transcription profiles and recovery kinetics as WT animals. These findings indicate that IL-17C and IL-17RE are dispensable for immunity to the forms of candidiasis evaluated, and illustrate a surprisingly limited specificity of the IL-17 family of cytokines with respect to systemic, oral and cutaneous Candida infections.

Signaling through IL-17C/IL-17RE Is Dispensable for Immunity to Systemic, Oral and Cutaneous Candidiasis

Science.gov (United States)

Conti, Heather R.; Whibley, Natasha; Coleman, Bianca M.; Garg, Abhishek V.; Jaycox, Jillian R.; Gaffen, Sarah L.

2015-01-01

Candida albicans is a commensal fungal microbe of the human orogastrointestinal tract and skin. C. albicans causes multiple forms of disease in immunocompromised patients, including oral, vaginal, dermal and disseminated candidiasis. The cytokine IL-17 (IL-17A) and its receptor subunits, IL-17RA and IL-17RC, are required for protection to most forms of candidiasis. The importance of the IL-17R pathway has been observed not only in knockout mouse models, but also in humans with rare genetic mutations that impact generation of Th17 cells or the IL-17 signaling pathway, including Hyper-IgE Syndrome (STAT3 or TYK2 mutations) or IL17RA or ACT1 gene deficiency. The IL-17 family of cytokines is a distinct subclass of cytokines with unique structural and signaling properties. IL-17A is the best-characterized member of the IL-17 family to date, but far less is known about other IL-17-related cytokines. In this study, we sought to determine the role of a related IL-17 cytokine, IL-17C, in protection against oral, dermal and disseminated forms of C. albicans infection. IL-17C signals through a heterodimeric receptor composed of the IL-17RA and IL-17RE subunits. We observed that IL-17C mRNA was induced following oral C. albicans infection. However, mice lacking IL-17C or IL-17RE cleared C. albicans infections in the oral mucosa, skin and bloodstream at rates similar to WT littermate controls. Moreover, these mice demonstrated similar gene transcription profiles and recovery kinetics as WT animals. These findings indicate that IL-17C and IL-17RE are dispensable for immunity to the forms of candidiasis evaluated, and illustrate a surprisingly limited specificity of the IL-17 family of cytokines with respect to systemic, oral and cutaneous Candida infections. PMID:25849644

Efeito do estímulo às relações interpessoais na aprendizagem de uma tarefa motora

OpenAIRE

SANTOS, Leontine Lima dos

2011-01-01

A sala de aula constitui um microssistema perfeito, onde o professor interfere na formação dos seus educandos, através da manipulação das variáveis de aprendizagem e das relações interpessoais (SCHILD, 1999). O presente estudo se caracteriza como uma pesquisa experimental que objetivou verificar o efeito do estímulo às relações interpessoais na aprendizagem de uma tarefa motora em adolescentes. A amostra, intencional, composta por 72 alunos de uma escola da cidade de Pelotas-RS, foi dividida ...

The role of interleukin-5 (IL-5 in vivo: studies with IL-5 deficient mice

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Klaus I Matthaei

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Eosinophil recruitment is a characteristic feature of a number of pathological conditions and was the topic of the recent International Symposium on allergic inflammation, asthma, parasitic and infectious diseases (Rio de Janeiro, June 3-5, 1996. Since interleukin5 (IL5 is believed to regulate the growth, differentiation and activation of eosinophils (Coffman et al. 1989, Sanderson 1992, the role of eosinophils and IL5 are closely linked. Although IL5 specifically regulates eosinophilia in vivo and this is its most well established activity, it is becoming clear that IL5 also has other biological effects. The recent derivation of an IL5 deficient mouse (Kopf et al. 1996, provides a model for exploring not only the role of IL5 and eosinophils but also other novel activities of IL5. Of note is that although the IL5 deficient mice cannot elicit a pronounced eosinophilia in response to inflammatory stimulation following aeroallergen challenge or parasite infection they still produce basal levels of eosinophils that appear to be morphologically and functionally normal. However, the basal levels of eosinophils appear insufficient for normal host defence as IL5 deficiency has now been shown to compromise defence against several helminth infections. In addition, IL5 deficient mice appear to have functional deficiencies in B-1 B lymphocytes and in IgA production.

Predictive value of IL-35 and IL-17 in diagnosis of childhood asthma.

Science.gov (United States)

Mansour, Amira Ibrahim; Abd Almonaem, Eman Rateb; Behairy, Ola Galal; Gouda, Tahany Mahmoud

2017-09-01

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between serum levels of IL-17 and IL-35 and the presence and severity of childhood asthma. The study was performed on 60 diagnosed asthmatic children, who were further classified into four groups according to the Global Initiative for Asthma Guidelines for Asthma Severity and Control (GINA) 2016, plus 30 age- and sex-matched apparently healthy children. All participants were subjected to full medical history, clinical examination, pulmonary function tests and laboratory evaluation in the form of complete blood count (CBC), serum total IgE, IL-17 and IL-35 by ELISA. Our results revealed that eosinophils count, IgE and IL-17 were significantly higher in the asthmatic group than the control group (p 13.1 pg/mL; this value could predict childhood asthma with sensitivity of 81.7% and 83.3%, and specificity of 76.7% and 70%, respectively. A combination of both cytokines yielded an increase in sensitivity to 95%. In conclusion, in the current study, IL-17 is upregulated while IL-35 is downregulated in childhood asthma with a significant negative correlation between both. These results suggest that both may play an important role in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma.

Interleukin (IL)-23 mediates Toxoplasma gondii-induced immunopathology in the gut via matrixmetalloproteinase-2 and IL-22 but independent of IL-17

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Muñoz, Melba; Heimesaat, Markus M; Danker, Kerstin

2009-01-01

Peroral infection with Toxoplasma gondii leads to the development of small intestinal inflammation dependent on Th1 cytokines. The role of Th17 cells in ileitis is unknown. We report interleukin (IL)-23-mediated gelatinase A (matrixmetalloproteinase [MMP]-2) up-regulation in the ileum of infected...... mice. MMP-2 deficiency as well as therapeutic or prophylactic selective gelatinase blockage protected mice from the development of T. gondii-induced immunopathology. Moreover, IL-23-dependent up-regulation of IL-22 was essential for the development of ileitis, whereas IL-17 was down...

Genetic regulation of IL1RL1 methylation and IL1RL1-a protein levels in asthma.

Science.gov (United States)

Dijk, F Nicole; Xu, Chengjian; Melén, Erik; Carsin, Anne-Elie; Kumar, Asish; Nolte, Ilja M; Gruzieva, Olena; Pershagen, Goran; Grotenboer, Neomi S; Savenije, Olga E M; Antó, Josep Maria; Lavi, Iris; Dobaño, Carlota; Bousquet, Jean; van der Vlies, Pieter; van der Valk, Ralf J P; de Jongste, Johan C; Nawijn, Martijn C; Guerra, Stefano; Postma, Dirkje S; Koppelman, Gerard H

2018-03-01

Interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 ( IL1RL1 ) is an important asthma gene. (Epi)genetic regulation of IL1RL1 protein expression has not been established. We assessed the association between IL1RL1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), IL1RL1 methylation and serum IL1RL1-a protein levels, and aimed to identify causal pathways in asthma.Associations of IL1RL1 SNPs with asthma were determined in the Dutch Asthma Genome-wide Association Study cohort and three European birth cohorts, BAMSE (Children/Barn, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, an Epidemiological survey), INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) and PIAMA (Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy), participating in the Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy study. We performed blood DNA IL1RL1 methylation quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis (n=496) and (epi)genome-wide protein QTL analysis on serum IL1RL1-a levels (n=1462). We investigated the association of IL1RL1 CpG methylation with asthma (n=632) and IL1RL1-a levels (n=548), with subsequent causal inference testing. Finally, we determined the association of IL1RL1-a levels with asthma and its clinical characteristics (n=1101). IL1RL1 asthma-risk SNPs strongly associated with IL1RL1 methylation (rs1420101; p=3.7×10 -16 ) and serum IL1RL1-a levels (p=2.8×10 -56 ). IL1RL1 methylation was not associated with asthma or IL1RL1-a levels. IL1RL1-a levels negatively correlated with blood eosinophil counts, whereas there was no association between IL1RL1-a levels and asthma.In conclusion, asthma-associated IL1RL1 SNPs strongly regulate IL1RL1 methylation and serum IL1RL1-a levels, yet neither these IL1RL1- methylation CpG sites nor IL1RL1-a levels are associated with asthma. Copyright ©ERS 2018.

Regards sur la matière des quantas et des choses

CERN Document Server

Espagnat, Bernard d'

1993-01-01

La physique quantique n'est pas seulement à la base de nombreuses inventions de pointe. Elle constitue aussi une révolution conceptuelle de grande ampleur.Bien que ses implications pratiques comme ses conséquences philosophiques soient immenses, la physique quantique est encore mal connue des non-spécialistes, en partie à cause des difficultés qu'il y a à exposer ses fondements.Or c'est justement la gageure réussie de cet ouvrage. En un style clair, enjoué et dépourvu d'équations, Etienne Klein nous guide dans les profondeurs de la matière. Nous découvrons avec lui des expériences aussi étranges que celle des fentes de Young ", qui montre que la matière est à la fois onde et corpuscule et que ses caractéristiques sont en partie liées... à notre propre existence en tant qu'observateur humain! Après avoir pris connaissance de paradoxes surprenants comme celui du chat de Schrödinger _ un chat à la fois mort et vivant! _ nous abordons la mystérieuse question de la " non-séparabilité ", s...

« Un seul oiseau en cage / La liberté est en deuil »

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Concours Twittérature service culturel de l’Ambassade de France au Canada

2017-05-01

Full Text Available « Un seul oiseau en cage / La liberté est en deuil » (Jacques Prévert Concours de twittérature (Semaine de la Francophonie 2017 Pour célébrer la Semaine de la Francophonie 2017, le service culturel de l’Ambassade de France au Canada a lancé en mars dernier un concours de twittérature, autour de la figure du poète et artiste français Jacques Prévert, disparu il y a tout juste quarante ans. En 140 signes maximum – incluant le mot dièse #Prévert et le tag @francetoronto – élèves, enseignants, parents, poètes en herbe comme poètes confirmés, ont pu laisser libre cours à leur imagination en répondant au vers de la plume de Prévert – « Un seul oiseau en cage / La liberté est en deuil » – à partir de leur compte Twitter.

Regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 production by reciprocal cell-to-cell interactions between tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts through IL-1α in ameloblastoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fuchigami, Takao; Kibe, Toshiro; Koyama, Hirofumi; Kishida, Shosei; Iijima, Mikio; Nishizawa, Yoshiaki; Hijioka, Hiroshi; Fujii, Tomomi; Ueda, Masahiro; Nakamura, Norifumi; Kiyono, Tohru; Kishida, Michiko

2014-01-01

Highlights: • We studied the interaction between tumor cells and fibroblasts in ameloblastoma. • AM-3 ameloblastoma cells secreted significantly high IL-1α levels. • IL-1α derived from AM-3 cells promoted IL-6 and IL-8 secretion of fibroblasts. • IL-6 and IL-8 activated the cellular motility and proliferation of AM-3 cells. - Abstract: Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic benign tumor that occurs in the jawbone, which invades bone and reoccurs locally. This tumor is treated by wide surgical excision and causes various problems, including changes in facial countenance and mastication disorders. Ameloblastomas have abundant tumor stroma, including fibroblasts and immune cells. Although cell-to-cell interactions are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, intercellular communications in ameloblastoma have not been fully investigated. In this study, we examined interactions between tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts via soluble factors in ameloblastoma. We used a human ameloblastoma cell line (AM-3 ameloblastoma cells), human fibroblasts (HFF-2 fibroblasts), and primary-cultured fibroblasts from human ameloblastoma tissues, and analyzed the effect of ameloblastoma-associated cell-to-cell communications on gene expression, cytokine secretion, cellular motility and proliferation. AM-3 ameloblastoma cells secreted higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1α than HFF-2 fibroblasts. Treatment with conditioned medium from AM-3 ameloblastoma cells upregulated gene expression and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 of HFF-2 fibroblasts and primary-cultured fibroblast cells from ameloblastoma tissues. The AM3-stimulated production of IL-6 and IL-8 in fibroblasts was neutralized by pretreatment of AM-3 cells with anti-IL-1α antibody and IL-1 receptor antagonist. Reciprocally, cellular motility of AM-3 ameloblastoma cells was stimulated by HFF-2 fibroblasts in IL-6 and IL-8 dependent manner. In conclusion, ameloblastoma cells and stromal fibroblasts behave

Regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 production by reciprocal cell-to-cell interactions between tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts through IL-1α in ameloblastoma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fuchigami, Takao [Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Kibe, Toshiro [Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Koyama, Hirofumi; Kishida, Shosei; Iijima, Mikio [Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Nishizawa, Yoshiaki [Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Hijioka, Hiroshi; Fujii, Tomomi [Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Ueda, Masahiro [Natural Science Centre for Research and Education, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Koorimoto, Kagoshima 890-8580 (Japan); Nakamura, Norifumi [Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Kiyono, Tohru [Department of Virology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuouku, Tokyo 104-0045 (Japan); Kishida, Michiko, E-mail: kmichiko@m2.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp [Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan)

2014-09-05

Highlights: • We studied the interaction between tumor cells and fibroblasts in ameloblastoma. • AM-3 ameloblastoma cells secreted significantly high IL-1α levels. • IL-1α derived from AM-3 cells promoted IL-6 and IL-8 secretion of fibroblasts. • IL-6 and IL-8 activated the cellular motility and proliferation of AM-3 cells. - Abstract: Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic benign tumor that occurs in the jawbone, which invades bone and reoccurs locally. This tumor is treated by wide surgical excision and causes various problems, including changes in facial countenance and mastication disorders. Ameloblastomas have abundant tumor stroma, including fibroblasts and immune cells. Although cell-to-cell interactions are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, intercellular communications in ameloblastoma have not been fully investigated. In this study, we examined interactions between tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts via soluble factors in ameloblastoma. We used a human ameloblastoma cell line (AM-3 ameloblastoma cells), human fibroblasts (HFF-2 fibroblasts), and primary-cultured fibroblasts from human ameloblastoma tissues, and analyzed the effect of ameloblastoma-associated cell-to-cell communications on gene expression, cytokine secretion, cellular motility and proliferation. AM-3 ameloblastoma cells secreted higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1α than HFF-2 fibroblasts. Treatment with conditioned medium from AM-3 ameloblastoma cells upregulated gene expression and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 of HFF-2 fibroblasts and primary-cultured fibroblast cells from ameloblastoma tissues. The AM3-stimulated production of IL-6 and IL-8 in fibroblasts was neutralized by pretreatment of AM-3 cells with anti-IL-1α antibody and IL-1 receptor antagonist. Reciprocally, cellular motility of AM-3 ameloblastoma cells was stimulated by HFF-2 fibroblasts in IL-6 and IL-8 dependent manner. In conclusion, ameloblastoma cells and stromal fibroblasts behave

Alliés ou ennemis ? Le GUPVI-NKVD, le Komintern et les « malgré-nous »

OpenAIRE

Moullec, Gaël

2007-01-01

Il est encore très difficile d’établir un bilan chiffré du sort des 130 000 Alsaciens-Lorrains incorporés de force dans l’armée allemande durant le second conflit mondial et dont plus de 21 000 reviendront des camps de prisonniers en URSS. Aujourd’hui – aux travers de documents conservés dans divers centres d’archives russes – il devient clair que leur destin à été modelé à la fois par les autorités soviétiques, mais aussi par les responsables du mouvement communiste international présents à ...

Increasing the biological activity of IL-2 and IL-15 through complexing with anti-IL-2 mAbs and Il-15Ralfa-Fc chimera

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Votavová, Petra; Tomala, Jakub; Kovář, Marek

2014-01-01

Roč. 195, č. 1 (2014), s. 1-10 ISSN 0165-2478 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP301/11/0325; GA MŠk(CZ) ED1.1.00/02.0109; GA ČR GA13-12885S Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : IL-2 * IL-15 * chimera Subject RIV: EC - Immunology Impact factor: 2.512, year: 2014

Il muro come galleria

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Duccio Dogheria

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Il muro, nel suo grigio rigore formale, nella sua fredda geometria, nel suo intento divisorio, nasconde spesso il cielo. Sovente il linguaggio dell’arte, ma non di meno quello della comunicazione, hanno interferito con le sue algide barriere. In molti casi, beninteso, non è che il potere in altre forme, che interferisce con se stesso: pensiamo ai bandi affissi agli angoli delle città, o le lettere d’indulgenza papali -spesso impreziosite da miniature al punto da poterle considerare antenate dal manifesto- che nel corso del medioevo venivano affisse sulle porte delle chiese.

A practice turn e o movimento social da estratégia como prática: está completa essa virada?

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Cristiano de Oliveira Maciel

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Em 2006, Richard Whittington, o principal autor da corrente de pesquisa denominada estratégia como prática (strategy as practice, publicou o artigo “Completing the practice turn in strategy research”. Nesse trabalho foi apresentada uma estrutura de análise que, pretensamente, completaria a virada da prática nessa área de pesquisa ao considerar diferentes níveis da prática (micro e macro. Entretanto, críticas foram e continuam sendo dirigidas aos estudos realizados sob essa perspectiva, o que evidencia a necessidade de avaliar como está se dando a practice turn nos estudos sobre estratégia. Assim, o objetivo no presente artigo foi analisar a virada da prática nos estudos sobre estratégia, tanto no que concerne às principais características quanto à finalização desse ciclo, ao tomar essa abordagem como um movimento social. Na escolha do método, optou-se pela pesquisa não reativa de documentos existentes (dados secundários (NEUMAN, 1997. A partir desse método, foram selecionados os principais periódicos da área de administração e estratégia de acordo com o Journal Citation Reports, observando aqueles com maior fator de impacto. Com a amostra de 59 artigos, o movimento social da strategy as practice foi analisado à luz dos três momentos sugeridos por Hambrick e Chen (2008: diferenciação, mobilização e construção de legitimidade. Os resultados permitem concluir: 1. a virada da prática no campo da estratégia consiste em relacionar a corporeidade dos atores sociais, seus objetos e formas de uso, seus conhecimentos, habilidades, estados de emoção e motivações centralmente à prática; 2. essa virada está concentrada, em termos relacionais, nos pesquisadores R. Whittington e P. Jarzabkowski, com trabalhos predominantemente orientados e presos ao velho vocabulário da sociologia da regulação; 3. no que concerne à consecução ou finalização da virada da prática, como foi pretensamente estabelecido por

Targeting the IL-33/IL-13 Axis for Respiratory Viral Infections.

Science.gov (United States)

Donovan, Chantal; Bourke, Jane E; Vlahos, Ross

2016-04-01

Lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are highly prevalent worldwide. One of the major factors that limits the efficacy of current medication in these patients are viral infections, leading to exacerbations of symptoms and decreased quality of life. Current pharmacological strategies targeting virus-induced lung disease are problematic due to antiviral resistance and the requirement for strain-specific vaccination. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are urgently required. In this Opinion article, we provide state-of-the-art evidence from humans and preclinical animal models implicating the interleukin (IL)-33/IL-13 axis in virus-induced lung disease. Thus, targeting the IL-33/IL-13 axis may be a feasible way to overcome the limitations of current therapy used to treat virus-induced exacerbations of lung disease. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 ameliorates IL-1β-induced IL-8 in human gastric cancer cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lian, Sen; Xia, Yong; Ung, Trong Thuan; Khoi, Pham Ngoc; Yoon, Hyun Joong; Kim, Nam Ho; Kim, Kyung Keun; Jung, Young Do

2016-01-01

Carbon monoxide (CO), a byproduct of heme oxygenase (HO), presents antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. Accumulating evidence supports that interleukin (IL)-8 contribute to the vascularity of human gastric cancer. However, the inhibition of IL-8 expression by CO is yet to be elucidated. Here, we utilized CO releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) to investigate the effect of CO on IL-1β-induced IL-8 expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms in human gastric cancer AGS cells. CORM-2 dose-dependently suppressed IL-1β-induced IL-8 mRNA and protein expression as well as IL-8 promoter activity. IL-1β induced the translocation of p47 phox to activate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing NADPH oxidase (NOX). Moreover, IL-1β activated MAPKs (Erk1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPK) and promoted nuclear factor (NF)-kB and activator protein (AP)-1 binding activities. Pharmacological inhibition and mutagenesis studies indicated that NOX, ROS, Erk1/2, and p38 MAPK are involved in IL-1β-induced IL-8 expression. Transient transfection of deletion mutant constructs of the IL-8 promoter in cells suggested that NF-kB and AP-1 are critical for IL-1β-induced IL-8 transcription. NOX-derived ROS and MAPKs (Erk1/2 and p38 MAPK) functioned as upstream activators of NF-κB and AP-1, respectively. CORM-2 pretreatment significantly mitigated IL-1β-induced activation of ROS/NF-kB and Erk1/2/AP-1 cascades, blocking IL-8 expression and thus significantly reducing endothelial cell proliferation in the tumor microenvironment.

A gravidade da cárie está associada à desnutrição proteico-calórica em pré-escolares?

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Cecilia Claudia Costa Ribeiro

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se se gravidade da cárie está associada à desnutrição proteico-calórica em pré-escolares. Foi realizado um estudo seccional aninhado a uma coorte retrospectiva de 625 crianças entre 24 -71 meses, em São Luís, Maranhão. Um modelo hierarquizado foi avaliado em cinco níveis: 1º Variáveis socioeconômicas (classe econômica, escolaridade materna, cor da pele; 2º Variáveis de acesso; 3º Baixo peso ao nascer e amamentação exclusiva; 4º Peso para altura aos 12 meses e 5º Gravidade da cárie e níveis de albumina (Alb. O desfecho foi desnutrição proteico-calórica (z escore altura para idade < -2. A prevalência do desfecho foi de 5,0 %, e da cárie foi de 32%. As variáveis do primeiro nível não foram associadas ao desfecho, porém a classe econômica foi mantida até o modelo final. As variáveis do segundo e do terceiro níveis não foram significativas. No quarto nível, peso para altura aos 12 meses não foi significativo, porém foi mantido até o modelo final. No último nível, os níveis de Alb não foram associados ao desfecho e a gravidade da doença cárie foi positivamente associada com desnutrição proteico-calórica em pré-escolares. A associação da gravidade da cárie com déficit antropométrico sinaliza que a saúde bucal deva ser parte importante nas políticas públicas de atenção à infância.

IL-4 and IL-13 Compromise the Sinonasal Epithelial Barrier and Perturb Intercellular Junction Protein Expression

Science.gov (United States)

Wise, Sarah K.; Laury, Adrienne M.; Katz, Elizabeth H.; Den Beste, Kyle A.; Parkos, Charles A.; Nusrat, Asma

2014-01-01

Introduction Altered expression of epithelial intercellular junction proteins has been observed in sinonasal biopsies from nasal polyps and epithelial layers cultured from nasal polyp patients. These alterations comprise a “leaky” epithelial barrier phenotype. We hypothesize that Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 modulate epithelial junction proteins thereby contributing to the leaky epithelial barrier. Methods Differentiated primary sinonasal epithelial layers cultured at the air-liquid interface were exposed to IL-4, IL-13, and controls for 24 hours at 37°C. Epithelial resistance measurements were taken every 4 hours during cytokine exposure. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining/confocal microscopy were used to assess changes in a panel of tight and adherens junction proteins. Western blot densitometry was quantified with image analysis. Results IL-4 and IL-13 exposure resulted in a mean decrease in transepithelial resistance at 24 hours to 51.6% (n=6) and 68.6% (n=8) of baseline, respectively. Tight junction protein JAM-A expression decreased 42.2% with IL-4 exposure (n=9) and 37.5% with IL-13 exposure (n=9). Adherens junction protein E-cadherin expression decreased 35.3% with IL-4 exposure (n=9) and 32.9% with IL-13 exposure (n=9). Tight junction protein claudin-2 showed more variability but had a trend toward higher expression with Th2 cytokine exposure. There were no appreciable changes in claudin-1, occludin, or ZO-1 with IL-4 or IL-13 exposure. Conclusion Sinonasal epithelial exposure to Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 results in alterations in intercellular junction proteins, reflecting increased epithelial permeability. Such changes may explain some of the phenotypic manifestations of Th2-mediated sinonasal disease, such as edema, nasal discharge, and environmental reactivity. PMID:24510479

Comparison of IL-6, IL-8 Concentrations in H. pylori- and non-H. pylori-associated Gastritis

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Gontar Alamsyah Siregar

2014-12-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is a non-invasive microorganism causing intense gastric mucosal inflammatory and immune reaction. The gastric mucosal levels of the proinflammatory cytokines Interleukin 6 (IL-6 and IL-8 have been reported to be increased in H. pylori infection, but the serum levels in H. pylori infection is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in H. pylori infection. METHODS: A cross sectional study was done on eighty consecutive gastritis patients admitted to endoscopy units at Adam Malik General Hospital and Permata Bunda Hospital, Medan, Indonesia from May-October 2014. Histopathology was performed for the diagnosis of gastritis. Rapid urease test for diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Serum samples were obtained to determine circulating IL-6 and IL-8. Univariate and bivariate analysis (independent t test were done. RESULTS: There were 41.25% patients infected with H. pylori. Circulatory IL-6 levels were significantly higher in H. pylori-infected patients compared to H. pylori negative, but there were no differences between serum levels of IL-8 in H. pylori positive and negative patients. CONCLUSIONS: The immune response to H. pylori promotes systemic inflammation, which was reflected in an increased level of serum IL-6. Serum levels of IL-8 were not significantly different between H. pylori positive and negative. KEYWORDS: Helicobacter pylori, gastritis, IL-6, IL-8, cytokine.

Signaling through IL-17C/IL-17RE is dispensable for immunity to systemic, oral and cutaneous candidiasis.

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Heather R Conti

Full Text Available Candida albicans is a commensal fungal microbe of the human orogastrointestinal tract and skin. C. albicans causes multiple forms of disease in immunocompromised patients, including oral, vaginal, dermal and disseminated candidiasis. The cytokine IL-17 (IL-17A and its receptor subunits, IL-17RA and IL-17RC, are required for protection to most forms of candidiasis. The importance of the IL-17R pathway has been observed not only in knockout mouse models, but also in humans with rare genetic mutations that impact generation of Th17 cells or the IL-17 signaling pathway, including Hyper-IgE Syndrome (STAT3 or TYK2 mutations or IL17RA or ACT1 gene deficiency. The IL-17 family of cytokines is a distinct subclass of cytokines with unique structural and signaling properties. IL-17A is the best-characterized member of the IL-17 family to date, but far less is known about other IL-17-related cytokines. In this study, we sought to determine the role of a related IL-17 cytokine, IL-17C, in protection against oral, dermal and disseminated forms of C. albicans infection. IL-17C signals through a heterodimeric receptor composed of the IL-17RA and IL-17RE subunits. We observed that IL-17C mRNA was induced following oral C. albicans infection. However, mice lacking IL-17C or IL-17RE cleared C. albicans infections in the oral mucosa, skin and bloodstream at rates similar to WT littermate controls. Moreover, these mice demonstrated similar gene transcription profiles and recovery kinetics as WT animals. These findings indicate that IL-17C and IL-17RE are dispensable for immunity to the forms of candidiasis evaluated, and illustrate a surprisingly limited specificity of the IL-17 family of cytokines with respect to systemic, oral and cutaneous Candida infections.

IL-17 Induction by ArtinM is Due to Stimulation of IL-23 and IL-1 Release and/or Interaction with CD3 in CD4+ T Cells.

Science.gov (United States)

da Silva, Thiago Aparecido; Mariano, Vania Sammartino; Sardinha-Silva, Aline; de Souza, Maria Aparecida; Mineo, Tiago Wilson Patriarca; Roque-Barreira, Maria Cristina

2016-01-01

ArtinM is a D-mannose-binding lectin extracted from the seeds of Artocarpus heterophyllus that interacts with TLR2 N-glycans and activates antigen-presenting cells (APCs), as manifested by IL-12 production. In vivo ArtinM administration induces Th1 immunity and confers protection against infection with several intracellular pathogens. In the murine model of Candida albicans infection, it was verified that, in addition to Th1, ArtinM induces Th17 immunity manifested by high IL-17 levels in the treated animals. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms accounting for the ArtinM-induced IL-17 production. We found that ArtinM stimulates the IL-17 production by spleen cells in BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice, a response that was significantly reduced in the absence of IL-23, MyD88, or IL-1R. Furthermore, we showed that ArtinM directly induced the IL-23 mRNA expression and the IL-1 production by macrophages. Consistently, in cell suspensions depleted of macrophages, the IL-17 production stimulated by ArtinM was reduced by 53% and the exogenous IL-23 acted synergistically with ArtinM in promoting IL-17 production by spleen cell suspensions. We verified that the absence of IL-23, IL-1R, or MyD88 inhibited, but did not block, the IL-17 production by ArtinM-stimulated spleen cells. Therefore, we investigated whether ArtinM exerts a direct effect on CD4+ T cells in promoting IL-17 production. Indeed, spleen cell suspensions depleted of CD4+ T cells responded to ArtinM with very low levels of IL-17 release. Likewise, isolated CD4+ T cells under ArtinM stimulus augmented the expression of TGF-β mRNA and released high levels of IL-17. Considering the observed synergism between IL-23 and ArtinM, we used cells from IL-23 KO mice to assess the direct effect of lectin on CD4+ T cells. We verified that ArtinM increased the IL-17 production significantly, a response that was inhibited when the CD4+ T cells were pre-incubated with anti-CD3 antibody. In conclusion, ArtinM stimulates the production

IL-17 Induction by ArtinM is Due to Stimulation of IL-23 and IL-1 Release and/or Interaction with CD3 in CD4+ T Cells.

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Thiago Aparecido da Silva

Full Text Available ArtinM is a D-mannose-binding lectin extracted from the seeds of Artocarpus heterophyllus that interacts with TLR2 N-glycans and activates antigen-presenting cells (APCs, as manifested by IL-12 production. In vivo ArtinM administration induces Th1 immunity and confers protection against infection with several intracellular pathogens. In the murine model of Candida albicans infection, it was verified that, in addition to Th1, ArtinM induces Th17 immunity manifested by high IL-17 levels in the treated animals. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms accounting for the ArtinM-induced IL-17 production. We found that ArtinM stimulates the IL-17 production by spleen cells in BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice, a response that was significantly reduced in the absence of IL-23, MyD88, or IL-1R. Furthermore, we showed that ArtinM directly induced the IL-23 mRNA expression and the IL-1 production by macrophages. Consistently, in cell suspensions depleted of macrophages, the IL-17 production stimulated by ArtinM was reduced by 53% and the exogenous IL-23 acted synergistically with ArtinM in promoting IL-17 production by spleen cell suspensions. We verified that the absence of IL-23, IL-1R, or MyD88 inhibited, but did not block, the IL-17 production by ArtinM-stimulated spleen cells. Therefore, we investigated whether ArtinM exerts a direct effect on CD4+ T cells in promoting IL-17 production. Indeed, spleen cell suspensions depleted of CD4+ T cells responded to ArtinM with very low levels of IL-17 release. Likewise, isolated CD4+ T cells under ArtinM stimulus augmented the expression of TGF-β mRNA and released high levels of IL-17. Considering the observed synergism between IL-23 and ArtinM, we used cells from IL-23 KO mice to assess the direct effect of lectin on CD4+ T cells. We verified that ArtinM increased the IL-17 production significantly, a response that was inhibited when the CD4+ T cells were pre-incubated with anti-CD3 antibody. In conclusion, Artin

Procedimentos de intervenção para corrigir um déficit no controle de estímulos: uma revisão de estudos empíricos

OpenAIRE

Corato, Luciana Lorenzi

2013-01-01

Um déficit no controle de estímulos que tem sido chamado de superseletividade/ controle restrito/ controle seletivo ocorre quando apenas um limitado número de estímulos ambientais adquire controle sobre as respostas do indivíduo em detrimento de outros aspectos do ambiente. Ocorre comumente em pessoas com desenvolvimento atípico, particularmente naquelas que apresentam o transtorno do espectro autista, mas não é exclusivo dessa população. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi fazer uma revisão ...

Differential expression of IL-6/IL-6R and MAO-A regulates invasion/angiogenesis in breast cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Bharti, Rashmi; Dey, Goutam; Das, Anjan Kumar; Mandal, Mahitosh

2018-04-26

Monoamine oxidases (MAO) are mitochondrial enzymes functioning in oxidative metabolism of monoamines. The action of MAO-A has been typically described in neuro-pharmacological domains. Here, we have established a co-relation between IL-6/IL-6R and MAO-A and their regulation in hypoxia induced invasion/angiogenesis. We employed various in-vitro and in-vivo techniques and clinical samples. We studied a co-relation among MAO-A and IL-6/IL-6R and tumour angiogenesis/invasion in hypoxic environment in breast cancer model. Activation of IL-6/IL-6R and its downstream was found in hypoxic cancer cells. This elevation of IL-6/IL-6R caused sustained inhibition of MAO-A in hypoxic environment. Inhibition of IL-6R signalling or IL-6R siRNA increased MAO-A activity and inhibited tumour angiogenesis and invasion significantly in different models. Further, elevation of MAO-A with 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) modulated IL-6 mediated angiogenesis and invasive signatures including VEGF, MMPs and EMT in hypoxic breast cancer. High grade invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) clinical specimen displayed elevated level of IL-6R and depleted MAO-A expression. Expression of VEGF and HIF-1α was unregulated and loss of E-Cadherin was observed in high grade IDC tissue specimen. Suppression of MAO-A by IL-6/IL-6R activation promotes tumour angiogenesis and invasion in hypoxic breast cancer environment.

Relatório de Estágio Curricular – Câmara Municipal de Celorico da Beira.

OpenAIRE

Abreu, Sara

2011-01-01

O presente trabalho consistiu na análise e avaliação do funcionamento da rede de drenagem de água residual pluvial, da Freguesia da Lajeosa do Mondego. Numa primeira parte, procedeu-se ao levantamento exaustivo da rede de drenagem em estudo e na aquisição dos elementos relevantes para o seu traçado, como o levantamento topográfico existente, o qual foi fornecido pela instituição onde se realizou o estágio, e a realização de campanhas de levantamento da rede in situ. Posteriormente, definiram-...

Cultural history and aesthetics of nursing care La historia cultural y la estética de los cuidados de enfermería A história cultural e a estética dos cuidados de enfermagem

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José Siles González

2011-10-01

historia, se evidencia en la actividad cuidadora de la unidad funcional, en el marco funcional y en el elemento funcional. Se concluye que en las estructuras sociales mediante el proceso de socialización, el "conformismo lógico" y el "habitus" configuran los patrones estéticos de los cuidados mediante sentimientos como la maternidad, la religiosidad, el profesionalismo, el tecnologicismo y el humanismo.O objetivo deste artigo foi esclarecer o papel da estética na organização e motivação dos cuidados ao longo história. A seguir, são mostradas as perguntas norteadoras: quais foram os valores e sentimentos estéticos que fundamentaram e motivaram os cuidados pré-profissionais e profissionais? E em quais estruturas têm sido socializados historicamente? Foram consultadas fontes secundárias e primárias, selecionadas de acordo com critérios estabelecidos para evitar viés de busca e seleção. A análise de dados foi guiada pelas categorias: habitus e conformismo lógico. Identificaram-se evidências da relação entre as estruturas sociais e os padrões estéticos pré-profissionais (maternidade, religiosidade e profissionais (profissionalismo, tecnicismo dos cuidados através da história em: a atividade cuidadora da unidade funcional, o referencial funcional e o elemento funcional. Conclui-se que as estruturas sociais, mediante o processo de socialização, o conformismo lógico e o habitus configuram os padrões estéticos dos cuidados, mediante sentimentos como: maternidade, religiosidade, profissionalismo, tecnicismo e humanismo.

Avaliação da endotelização de hastes de stents em artérias ilíacas de coelhos

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Celso Kiyochi Takimura

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A rápida endotelização pós-implante de stent é ocorrência desejável por teoricamente reduzir a possibilidade de trombose do stent. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a extensão da endotelização de hastes de stents eluidores de sirolimus (liberados da face luminal e abluminal e abluminal exclusivamente em artérias ilíacas de coelhos. MÉTODOS: Foram implantados em artérias ilíacas de 10 coelhos quatro stents eluidores de sirolimus na face luminal e abluminal, três stents eluidores de sirolimus na face abluminal, seis stents recobertos com polímero e quatro stents sem recobrimento. Após quatro semanas, foi realizada eutanásia e utilizou-se microscopia eletrônica de varredura para quantificação da área de hastes de stent exposta e da porcentagem de endotelização. RESULTADOS: A área (média ± DP (mm² de hastes expostas de stent sem recobrimento, stent recoberto com polímero, stent eluidor de sirolimus na face luminal e abluminal e stent eluidor de sirolimus na face abluminal foi de 0,12 ± 0,08; 0,09 ± 0,12; 0,60 ± 0,67 e 0,05 ± 0,04 respectivamente (p = 0,120. A porcentagem de endotelização (média ± DP (% de stent sem recobrimento, stent recoberto com polímero, stent eluidor de sirolimus na face luminal e abluminal e stent eluidor de sirolimus na face abluminal foi de 99 ± 01; 99 ± 0; 97 ± 03 e 99 ± 0 respectivamente (p = 0,133. CONCLUSÃO: Após quatro semanas de implante em artérias ilíacas de coelhos, os stents com liberação de sirolimus tanto da face luminal e abluminal quanto da face abluminal exclusivamente apresentaram taxas de endotelização de hastes de stent semelhantes aos apresentados nos demais tipos de stents sem eluição de medicamento.

The distribution of IL-13 receptor alpha1 expression on B cells, T cells and monocytes and its regulation by IL-13 and IL-4.

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Graber, P; Gretener, D; Herren, S; Aubry, J P; Elson, G; Poudrier, J; Lecoanet-Henchoz, S; Alouani, S; Losberger, C; Bonnefoy, J Y; Kosco-Vilbois, M H; Gauchat, J F

1998-12-01

To study the expression of IL-13 receptor alpha1 (IL-13Ralpha1), specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were generated. Surface expression of the IL-13Ralpha1 on B cells, monocytes and T cells was assessed by flow cytometry using these specific mAb. Among tonsillar B cells, the expression was the highest on the IgD+ CD38- B cell subpopulation which is believed to represent naive B cells. Expression was also detectable on a large fraction of the IgD-CD38- B cells but not on CD38+ B cells. Activation under conditions which promote B cell Ig class switching up-regulated the expression of the receptor. However, the same stimuli had an opposite effect for IL-13Ralpha1 expression levels on monocytes. While IL-13Ralpha1 mRNA was clearly detectable in T cell preparations, no surface expression was detected. However, permeabilization of the T cells showed a clear intracellular expression of the receptor. A soluble form of the receptor was immunoprecipitated from the supernatant of activated peripheral T cells, suggesting that T cell IL-13Ralpha1 might have functions unrelated to the capacity to form a type II IL-4/IL-13R with IL-4Ralpha.

Morphometric analysis of the intimal reaction after stent implantation in iliac arteries submitted to angioplasty in pigs Análise morfométrica da reação intimal secundária ao implante de stent em artérias ilíacas submetidas à angioplastia em suínos

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Cyro Castro Júnior

2006-06-01

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To compare through digital morphometry, the intimal thickening of the common ilíac arteries (CIA in pigs, submitted to angioplasty and angioplasty followed by stent implantation. METHODS: Angioplasty was performed in 10 pigs in both CIA, followed by a stent implantation in the left CIA. After four weeks, the aorto-iliac segment was dissected. Histologic slices where divided in three groups: left CIA in the area of the proximal (group 1 and distal (group 2 implantation site of the stent and the region of angioplasty in the right CIA (group 3. The histological slices were digitalized to be analyzed by morphometry with calculation of the luminal, intimal and media layers areas. Descriptive statistics analysis was performed through average and standard deviation of areas on each group, using ANOVA, with LSD Post-Hoc test (pOBJETIVO: Analisar, por meio da morfometria digital, o espessamento intimal das artérias ilíacas comuns (AIC de suínos, submetidas à angioplastia e à angioplastia seguida do implante de stent. MÉTODOS: Em dez suínos, foi realizada a angioplastia da AIC bilateral, seguida do implante do stent na AIC esquerda. Após quatro semanas, o segmento aorto-ilíaco foi retirado. As lâminas histológicas foram divididas em três grupos: segmento proximal (grupo 1 e distal (grupo 2 do local de implante do stent na AIC esquerda e a área da angioplastia da AIC direita (grupo 3. As imagens das lâminas foram digitalizadas e analisadas por programa de morfometria com cálculo das áreas luminal, da camada íntima e da camada média dos cortes histológicos. A análise estatística foi realizada através de média e desvio padrão das áreas em cada grupo, utilizando ANOVA, com teste Post-Hoc LSD (p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Na análise das médias das áreas obtidas, foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa quanto à camada íntima dos grupos 1 e 2, quando comparados ao grupo 3 e em relação à camada média dos grupos

The early IL-6 and IL-10 response in trauma is correlated with injury severity and mortality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Stensballe, J; Christiansen, M; Tønnesen, E

2009-01-01

BACKGROUND: Trauma has previously been shown to influence interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels, but the association of injury severity and mortality with IL-6 and IL-10 responses in the early phase of accidental trauma remains to be investigated. We wished to describe serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10...... in the first 24 h after trauma and to assess the relationship with severity of injury and mortality. METHODS: Prospective, descriptive cohort study in a Level 1 trauma centre, Copenhagen, Denmark. We included 265 consecutive adult trauma patients admitted directly from the accident scene during an 18-month...... period. Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were measured upon arrival and at 6, 12, and 24 h after admittance using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between Injury Severity Score (ISS) and levels of IL-6 and IL-10. Analysis of variance was used...

Ruminal degradability of hard or soft texture corn grain at three maturity stages Degradabilidade ruminal de grãos de milho de textura dura ou macia em três estádios de maturação

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Marcos Neves Pereira

2004-01-01

Full Text Available The predominance of vitreous endosperm in hard texture flint corn (Zea mays L. can decrease ruminal starch digestion comparatively to the farinaceous endosperm of dent corn, reducing energy content of the grain. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of texture and maturity stage on ruminal degradability of corn grain. Two dent and two flint hybrids were harvested at the early dent, half milk line, and black layer stages. The proportion of vitreous endosperm (vitreousness in dent hybrids was 44.3%, while in flint it was 67.0%. There was a linear increase in vitreousness with advancing maturity. Flint hybrids at the early dent stage were more vitreous than dent at the black layer stage. The increase in vitreousness per maturation day was greater for flint hybrids. Grains were incubated in situ in the rumen of 6 cows. The 24-hour ruminal dry matter degradation was 63.3% for dent corn and 52.4% for flint corn. The 72-hour incubation residues of dent and flint hybrids were 7.6% and 15.6%, respectively. Ruminal degradability was similar between hybrids at the early dent and half milk line stages. There was a marked texture effect on ruminal degradability at the black layer stage (quadratic effect of maturity stage and interaction between texture and maturity stage. Use of dent hybrids, compared to flint hybrids, may result in smaller relative reduction in ruminal starch digestion in situations of late grain harvesting.A predominância de endosperma vítreo em milho (Zea mays L. flint de textura dura pode deprimir a digestão ruminal do amido comparativamente ao endosperma farináceo de milho dentado, reduzindo o conteúdo energético do grão. O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar os efeitos da textura e do estádio de maturidade sobre a degradabilidade ruminal de grãos de milho. Dois híbridos dentados e dois duros foram colhidos nos estádios dentado inicial, metade da linha do leite e linha preta. A proporção de

L'Agriculture urbaine prend racine

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

CRDI

poulaillers sont toujours très propres; les employés doivent porter des bottes de caoutchouc et se tremper les pieds dans un désinfec- tant chaque fois qu'ils entrent ou sortent. La nourriture des volailles est préparée sur place, selon les critères de Mme Kabugo; les quan- tités fournies sont bien précises, afin de contrôler le ...

Action multisectorielle en matière de prévention des maladies non ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Cela est particulièrement vrai chez les pauvres, qui n'ont pas accès aux soins ni aux médicaments appropriés. Il arrive souvent qu'une même personne souffre à la fois d'une maladie transmissible et d'une MNT, l'une pouvant accroître le risque de contracter l'autre ou en aggraver les effets. D'après les prévisions actuelles, ...

Adolescents palestiniens et stress post-traumatique (PACT) - phase III

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Les conflits violents, cela a été maintes fois démontré, entraînent de graves problèmes sociaux et de santé mentale à long terme chez les enfants et les adolescents qui y sont exposés. Si, dans les pays développés, il est généralement accepté qu'une personne cherche à consulter un psychologue ou un psychiatre, un tel ...

La problématique du coût des nouvelles thérapeutiques en oncologie: qu'en-est-il du Maroc?

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Brahmi, Sami Aziz; Zahra, Ziani Fatima; Seddik, Youssef; Afqir, Said

2016-01-01

Le cancer est un problème majeur de santé public en Afrique. Les progrès réalisé dans le traitement des cancers ces dix dernières années est indéniable. L’émergence des thérapies ciblés en oncologie a permit de modifier l'histoire naturelle de certains cancers réputés de mauvais pronostic. En dépit de leurs efficacité, ces thérapeutiques pose un problème majeur de coût qui les rend inaccessible à la majorité des patients dans les pays en voie développement. Au Maroc, le cancer est reconnu comme a une affection de longue durée et les patients bénéficient de ce fait d'une couverture médicale totale. L'implication de la société civile a permis aussi d'améliorer la prise en charge ainsi qu'un accès plus élargi aux médicaments innovants pour les patients les plus démunis. PMID:27642392

Association analysis of IL10, TNF-α and IL23R-IL12RB2 SNPs with Behçet's disease risk in Western Algeria

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Ouahiba eKhaib Dit Naib

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Objective: We have conducted the first study of the association of interleukin (IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α and IL23R-IL12RB2 regionSNPswith Behçet's disease (BD in Western Algeria. Methods: A total of 51 BD patients and 96 unrelated controls from West region of Algeria were genotyped by direct sequencing for 11 SNPs including 2 SNPsfrom the IL10 promoter [c.-819T>C (rs1800871, c.-592A>C (rs1800872], 6 SNPs from the TNF-α promoter [c.-1211T>C (rs1799964, c.-1043C>A (rs1800630, c.-1037C>T (rs1799724, c.-556G>A (rs1800750, c.-488G>A (rs1800629 and c.-418G>A (rs361525], and 3 SNPs from the IL23R-IL12RB2 region [g.67747415A>C (rs12119179, g.67740092G>A (rs11209032 and g.67760140T>C (rs924080]. Results: The minor alleles c.-819T and c.-592A were significantly associated with BD (OR= 2.18; 95% CI 1.28-3.73, p = 0.003; whereas, there was weaker association between TNF-αpromoter SNPs or IL23R-IL12RB2 region and disease risk.Conclusion: Unlike the TNF-αand the IL23R-IL12RB2 region SNPs, the two IL10 SNPs were strongly associated with BD. The -819T, and -592A alleles and the -819TT, -819CT, and -592AA and -592CA genotypes seem to be highly involved in the risk of developing of BD in the population of Western Algeria.

In vitro progesterone modulation on bacterial endotoxin-induced production of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MIP-1α, and MMP-9 in pre-labor human term placenta.

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Garcia-Ruíz, G; Flores-Espinosa, P; Preciado-Martínez, E; Bermejo-Martínez, L; Espejel-Nuñez, A; Estrada-Gutierrez, G; Maida-Claros, R; Flores-Pliego, A; Zaga-Clavellina, Veronica

2015-10-07

During human pregnancy, infection/inflammation represents an important factor that increases the risk of developing preterm labor. The purpose of this study was to determine if pre-treatment with progesterone has an immunomodulatory effect on human placenta production of endotoxin-induced inflammation and degradation of extracellular matrix markers. Placentas were obtained under sterile conditions from pregnancies delivered at term before the onset of labor by cesarean section. Explants from central cotyledons of 10 human placentas were pre-treated with different concentrations of progesterone (0.01, 01, 1.0 μM) and then stimulated with 1000 ng/mL of LPS of Escherichia coli. Cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1α, IL-10 concentrations in the culture medium were then measured by specific ELISA. Secretion profile of MMP-9 was evaluated by ELISA and zymogram. Statistical differences were determined by one-way ANOVA followed by the appropriate ad hoc test; P progesterone significantly blunted (73, 56, 56, 75, 25, 48 %) the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1α, IL-10, respectively. The MMP-9 induced by LPS treatment was inhibited only with the highest concentration of progesterone. Mifepristone (RU486) blocked the immunosuppressive effect of progesterone. The present results support the concept that progesterone could be part of the compensatory mechanism that limits the inflammation-induced cytotoxic effects associated with an infection process during gestation.

Poéticas del cuerpo monstruoso en la Ilíada y la Odisea

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Mariano Nava Contreras

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Si bien la tradición ha considerado que los poemas homéricos son una fuente determinante en la creación y el desarrollo de la estética griega clásica fundamentada en los ideales de belleza y armonía, también es posible identificar allí una estética de la fealdad y de lo monstruoso, basada en la desmesura y la deformidad. A través de una revisión de la descripción de criaturas como Gorgona, Quimera, Escila, los Cíclopes o el Can Cerbero, es posible elaborar una poética de lo monstruoso que opera en la Ilíada y la Odisea como recurso patémico, pero también como instrumento narrativo.

Jalons pour une anthropologie de l’éthique entrepreneuriale en Asie du Sud-Est Groundwork for an Anthropology of Entrepreneurial Ethics in South-East Asia

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Ghislaine Gallenga

2013-06-01

Full Text Available L’éthique entrepreneuriale est une notion largement mobilisée dans le milieu des affaires et des entreprises en Asie du Sud-Est où elle est présentée le plus souvent comme un ensemble de préceptes moraux, idéologiques ou religieux que les acteurs locaux rassemblent sous le vocable « valeurs asiatiques ». L’objet de cette introduction est de replacer ces valeurs dans le contexte de l’entreprise à partir de quelques travaux fondateurs de ce sujet en Asie du Sud-Est. Nous verrons que le plus souvent ils oscillent entre deux pôles : d’une part la sociologie wébérienne du capitalisme industriel par le prisme de l’éthique religieuse et d’autre part l’approche substantiviste de Polanyi. Si les grilles d’analyse nées de ces débats ont été appliquées en majorité aux entrepreneurs issus de la diaspora chinoise, c’est la question de l’idéologie des entrepreneurs qui prédomine à travers le prisme des courants philosophiques et religieux qui leur servent de repères. Comment des valeurs et des idéologies sont-elles perpétuées, adaptées ou transposées par les directions d’entreprise ? Comment s’insèrent-elles également dans les micro-stratégies des acteurs locaux ? Comment l’éthique entrepreneuriale se décline-t-elle dans des établissements de statuts divers et dans des familles d’entrepreneurs ? Quelles images ces dernières construisent-elles et quelles sont les valeurs (morales, religieuses, etc. qui participent à la construction de cette éthique ? En d’autres termes, il s’agit d’observer des pratiques qui ont cours dans cette partie du monde et d’en comprendre les logiques au travers d’analyses anthropologiques. Ainsi, les contributions présentées dans ce numéro apportent à la fois des éléments de réponse et ouvrent d’autres pistes de réflexion pour concourir à esquisser ce que « éthique entrepreneuriale » peut recouvrir dans cette région du Sud-Est asiatique

IL-13 and the IL-13 receptor as therapeutic targets for asthma and allergic disease.

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Mitchell, Jesse; Dimov, Vesselin; Townley, Robert G

2010-05-01

It is widely accepted that T-helper 2 cell (Th2) cytokines play an important role in the maintenance of asthma and allergy. Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of IL-13 in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In particular, IL-13 is involved in the regulation of IgE synthesis, mucus hypersecretion, subepithelial fibrosis and eosinophil infiltration, and has been associated with the regulation of certain chemokine receptors, notably CCR5. Thus, targeting IL-13 and its associated receptors may be a therapeutic approach to the treatment of asthma and/or allergy. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are researching various strategies, based on this approach, aimed at binding IL-13, increasing the level of the IL-13 decoy receptor, IL-13Ralpha2, or blocking the effect of the chemokine receptor CCR5. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of anti-IL-13 agents and their role in the treatment of asthma and allergy.

IL26 gene inactivation in Equidae.

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Shakhsi-Niaei, M; Drögemüller, M; Jagannathan, V; Gerber, V; Leeb, T

2013-12-01

Interleukin-26 (IL26) is a member of the IL10 cytokine family. The IL26 gene is located between two other well-known cytokines genes of this family encoding interferon-gamma (IFNG) and IL22 in an evolutionary conserved gene cluster. In contrast to humans and most other mammals, mice lack a functional Il26 gene. We analyzed the genome sequences of other vertebrates for the presence or absence of functional IL26 orthologs and found that the IL26 gene has also become inactivated in several equid species. We detected a one-base pair frameshift deletion in exon 2 of the IL26 gene in the domestic horse (Equus caballus), Przewalski horse (Equus przewalskii) and donkey (Equus asinus). The remnant IL26 gene in the horse is still transcribed and gives rise to at least five alternative transcripts. None of these transcripts share a conserved open reading frame with the human IL26 gene. A comparative analysis across diverse vertebrates revealed that the IL26 gene has also independently been inactivated in a few other mammals, including the African elephant and the European hedgehog. The IL26 gene thus appears to be highly variable, and the conserved open reading frame has been lost several times during mammalian evolution. © 2013 The Authors, Animal Genetics © 2013 Stichting International Foundation for Animal Genetics.

Controle químico de Typha subulata em dois estádios de desenvolvimento Chemical control of Typha subulata in two growth stages

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J.R.V. Silva

2004-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o controle químico de plantas de taboa em dois estádios fenológicos de desenvolvimento, ou seja, no estádio de pleno desenvolvimento vegetativo de 0,50 a 0,70 m e no estádio de florescimento. Os herbicidas e as doses utilizadas foram: imazapyr a 250, 500 e 750 g ha-1 com 0,5% de Aterbane; imazapyr a 250, 500 e 750 g ha-1 com 0,01% de Silwet; glyphosate a 3.360 e 4.320 g ha-1 com 0,5% de Aterbane; glyphosate a 3.360 e 4.320 g ha-1 com 0,01% de Silwet, além de uma testemunha sem aplicação de herbicidas. Os tratamentos foram instalados em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os herbicidas foram aplicados com um pulverizador costal, munido de barra com duas pontas de jato plano XR Teejet 8002 S, a pressão constante de CO2 a 220 KPa, com consumo de calda de 200 L ha-1. As plantas de taboa foram mais sensíveis aos herbicidas quando no estádio de pleno desenvolvimento vegetativo de crescimento que no estádio de pleno florescimento, observando controle aceitável tanto com imazapyr como com glyphosate, exceto a dose de 250 g ha-1 de imazapyr com 0,5% de Aterbane. Neste mesmo estádio foi observado que o surfatante Aterbane foi menos efetivo que o Silwet, quando adicionado à menor dose do herbicida imazapyr.The aim of this research was to evaluate cattail chemical control in two growth stages: full vegetative development (0.50-0.70 m and full flowering. The herbicide rates applied were: imazapyr at 250, 500 and 750 g ha-1 plus Aterbane at 0.5%; imazapyr at 250, 500 and 750 g ha-1 plus 0.01% of Silwet; glyphosate at 3,360 and 4,320 g ha-1 plus Aterbane at 0.5%; glyphosate at 3,360 and 4,320 g ha-1 plus 0.01% of Silwet, and a check without herbicide treatment. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with four replications. Treatments were sprayed using a CO2 backpack sprayer at 220 Kpa, with two XR Teejet 8002S nozzle tips, with a spray volume

Direct regulation of IL-2 by curcumin.

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Oh, Jin-Gyo; Hwang, Da-Jeong; Heo, Tae-Hwe

2018-01-01

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a crucial growth factor for both regulatory and effector T cells. Thus, IL-2 plays a critical role in the stimulation and suppression of immune responses. Recently, anti-IL-2 antibodies (Abs) have been shown to possess strong IL-2 modulatory activities by affecting the interaction between IL-2 and IL-2 receptors. In this study, we screened an herbal library to identify a compound that regulates IL-2, which resulted in the identification of curcumin as a direct binder and inhibitor of IL-2. Curcumin is a phytochemical with well-known anti-cancer properties. In this study, curcumin mimicked or altered the binding pattern of anti-IL-2 Abs against IL-2 and remarkably inhibited the interaction of recombinant IL-2 with the IL-2 receptor α, CD25. Interestingly, curcumin neutralized the biological activities of IL-2 both in vitro and in vivo. In this report, we elucidated the unsolved mechanism of the anti-cancer effect of curcumin by identifying IL-2 as a direct molecular target. Curcumin, as a small molecule IL-2 modulator, has the potential to be used to treat IL-2 related pathologic conditions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Increased Circulating Th17 Cells, Serum IL-17A, and IL-23 in Takayasu Arteritis.

Science.gov (United States)

Misra, Durga Prasanna; Chaurasia, Smriti; Misra, Ramnath

2016-01-01

Introduction. Th17, γδT, NK, and NKT cells in peripheral blood and serum IL-17 and IL-23 in Takayasu arteritis (TA) were measured and correlated with disease activity. Methods. Th17 (anti-CD3APC, CD4PECy7, and IL-17PE), NKT, NK (anti-CD3APC, CD56FITC), and γδT (anti-CD3FITC and γδTCRAPC) cells were enumerated by flow cytometry in peripheral blood of 30 patients with TA (ACR1990 criteria) and 20 healthy controls, serum IL-17 and IL-23 measured by ELISA. Relation with disease activity (NIH criteria, ITAS2010) was analyzed (using nonparametric tests, median with interquartile range). Results. Mean age of patients was 33.47 ± 11.78 years (25 females); mean symptom duration was 7.1 ± 5.3 years. 13 were not on immunosuppressants; 12 were active (ITAS2010 ≥ 4). The percentage of Th17 cells was significantly expanded in TA (patients 2.1 (1.5-3.2) versus controls 0.75 (0.32-1.2); p < 0.0001) with no differences in other cell populations. Serum IL-17 and IL-23 (pg/mL) in patients (6.2 (4.6-8.5) and 15 (14.9-26.5), resp.) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than controls (3.9 (3.9-7.3) and undetectable median value, resp.). Subgroup analysis revealed no correlation of Th17 cells, serum IL-17, and IL-23 with disease activity or medications, nor any significant difference before and after medication. Conclusions. There is significant expansion of Th17 cells and elevated serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels in TA patients compared to healthy controls.

Macrophages as IL-25/IL-33-responsive cells play an important role in the induction of type 2 immunity.

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Zhonghan Yang

Full Text Available Type 2 immunity is essential for host protection against nematode infection but is detrimental in allergic inflammation or asthma. There is a major research focus on the effector molecules and specific cell types involved in the initiation of type 2 immunity. Recent work has implicated an important role of epithelial-derived cytokines, IL-25 and IL-33, acting on innate immune cells that are believed to be the initial sources of type 2 cytokines IL-4/IL-5/IL-13. The identities of the cell types that mediate the effects of IL-25/IL-33, however, remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate that macrophages as IL-25/IL-33-responsive cells play an important role in inducing type 2 immunity using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Macrophages produced type 2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 in response to the stimulation of IL-25/IL-33 in vitro, or were the IL-13-producing cells in mice administrated with exogenous IL-33 or infected with Heligmosomoides bakeri. In addition, IL-33 induced alternative activation of macrophages primarily through autocrine IL-13 activating the IL-4Rα-STAT6 pathway. Moreover, depletion of macrophages attenuated the IL-25/IL-33-induced type 2 immunity in mice, while adoptive transfer of IL-33-activated macrophages into mice with a chronic Heligmosomoides bakeri infection induced worm expulsion accompanied by a potent type 2 protective immune response. Thus, macrophages represent a unique population of the innate immune cells pivotal to type 2 immunity and a potential therapeutic target in controlling type 2 immunity-mediated inflammatory pathologies.

Association between genes encoding components of the IL-4/IL-4 receptor pathway and dermatitis in children.

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Hussein, Yousri M; Shalaby, Sally M; Nassar, Amani; Alzahrani, Saad S; Alharbi, Ayman S; Nouh, Maha

2014-07-25

To determine whether IL-4, IL-4Rα and STAT6 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to dermatitis in Egyptian children. We genotyped three groups of children, consisting of 106 atopic dermatitis (AD) children, 95 non-AD children, and 100 of healthy controls, for IL-4 (-590 C/T), (-33 C/T), IL-4Rα (I50V), (Q576R) and STAT6 (2964 G/A), (2892 C/T) gene polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP assay. Total serum IgE and serum IL-4 levels were detected by ELISA. There was a non-significant association of IL-4 -590 C/T, -33 C/T polymorphisms in the children with non-AD or those with AD when compared with the controls. We identified a significant association between IL-4Rα I50V, Q576R polymorphisms and dermatitis susceptibility in AD (p=0.002, dermatitis was found. Patients who were carriers of IL4 -590C, IL-4Rα I50V G, STAT6 2964 A and STAT6 2892 T had an increased risk of AD [OR and 95% CI: 3.2 (2.5-4.2), p=0.005]. Furthermore, there was no relation between each polymorphism and serum IL-4 level (p>0.05 for each) while homozygosity for the risk alleles of IL-4, IL-4Rα and STAT6 SNPs were significantly associated with increased total IgE levels in all subjects. In Egyptian children, the IL-4Rα and the STAT6 polymorphism may play a role in susceptibility to AD. In addition, gene-gene interaction between the IL-4, the IL-4Rα and the STAT6 significantly increases an individual's susceptibility to AD. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

IFN-gamma Impairs Release of IL-8 by IL-1beta-stimulated A549 Lung Carcinoma Cells

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Pfeilschifter Josef

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Production of interferon (IFN-γ is key to efficient anti-tumor immunity. The present study was set out to investigate effects of IFNγ on the release of the potent pro-angiogenic mediator IL-8 by human A549 lung carcinoma cells. Methods A549 cells were cultured and stimulated with interleukin (IL-1β alone or in combination with IFNγ. IL-8 production by these cells was analyzed with enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA. mRNA-expression was analyzed by real-time PCR and RNase protection assay (RPA, respectively. Expression of inhibitor-κ Bα, cellular IL-8, and cyclooxygenase-2 was analyzed by Western blot analysis. Results Here we demonstrate that IFNγ efficiently reduced IL-8 secretion under the influence of IL-1β. Surprisingly, real-time PCR analysis and RPA revealed that the inhibitory effect of IFNγ on IL-8 was not associated with significant changes in mRNA levels. These observations concurred with lack of a modulatory activity of IFNγ on IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation as assessed by cellular IκB levels. Moreover, analysis of intracellular IL-8 suggests that IFNγ modulated IL-8 secretion by action on the posttranslational level. In contrast to IL-8, IL-1β-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and release of IL-6 were not affected by IFNγ indicating that modulation of IL-1β action by this cytokine displays specificity. Conclusion Data presented herein agree with an angiostatic role of IFNγ as seen in rodent models of solid tumors and suggest that increasing T helper type 1 (Th1-like functions in lung cancer patients e.g. by local delivery of IFNγ may mediate therapeutic benefit via mechanisms that potentially include modulation of pro-angiogenic IL-8.

Evaluating ESWL-induced renal injury based on urinary TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 levels.

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Goktas, Cemal; Coskun, Abdurrahman; Bicik, Zerrin; Horuz, Rahim; Unsal, Ibrahim; Serteser, Mustafa; Albayrak, Selami; Sarıca, Kemal

2012-10-01

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) has dramatically changed the treatment of urinary lithiasis and has been the first treatment option for the majority of patients for more than two decades. Despite its significant benefits, it induces acute renal injury that extends from the papilla to the outer cortex. We evaluated the severity of the inflammatory response to ESWL by measuring the urinary excretion of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6. The study included 21 selected patients and 14 control subjects. All patients underwent the same ESWL procedure (2,500 shockwaves at 100 shockwaves/min and 0.039 J from the lithotripter). Urine TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 levels were measured using standard ELISA kits. In the study population (patients and controls), we did not detect TNF-α in the urine samples. The levels of both IL-1α (2.5 pg/ml) and IL-6 (3.8 pg/ml) measured before ESWL were not significantly different from the control group (2.5 and 5.2 pg/ml, respectively; p > 0.05). Twenty-four hours after ESWL, in contrast to IL-1α (4 pg/ml), urine IL-6 (19.7 pg/ml) increased significantly (p ESWL, IL-1α increased to 5 pg/ml, while IL-6 (7 pg/ml) decreased to the control level. Urine cytokine levels may be used to evaluate the inflammatory response to ESWL. After ESWL, IL-6 levels increased in the early phase, while IL-1α levels increased later. These two markers may be used to measure the severity of inflammation. In contrast to IL-1α and IL-6, urine TNF-α excretion was not increased by ESWL. We believe that the inflammatory response to ESWL can be detected by the urinary excretion of IL-1α for up to 14 days.

Evaluation of IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ Levels in PatientsWith Breast Cancer

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Mina Rohani Borj

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Tumor growth depends on intrinsic properties of malignant tumor and tumor microenvironment. Cytokines are secreted substances of the tumor microenvironment which are widely produced by tumor and immune cells. The aim of this research was to evaluate concentrations of interleukin 4 (IL-4, interleukin 7 (IL-17 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ in the breast cancer microenvironment. Methods: One hundred sixteen women between 18-73 years of age (61.15 ± 24.39 were enrolled in this study. Based on pathologic diagnostic assessment, patients were divided into 2 categories: those affected with benign breast tumor, and the subjects suffering from malignant breast tumors. Biopsy specimens were collected. Following homogenization, IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-4 concentrations were determined in tumor tissues, adjacent tissues of the tumor, and blood serum samples of these 2 groups of patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA method. Results: Concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-4 were measured in tumor tissue samples, adjacent tissues of the tumor, and blood serum samples in both groups. Malignant breast tumor samples had significantly higher concentrations of IL-4 and IL-17 compared with benign breast tumor samples. And also the concentration of IFN-γ in adjacent tissues of the tumor and in blood serums in patients with malignant breast tumors was significantly higher than that in the benign breast tumor samples. However, there was no significant difference between the concentration of IFN-γ in neoplastic breast tumor tissues and that in the benign breast tumor tissues (P > 0. 05. Conclusion: Our data indicated that IL-17 and IL-4 cytokines but not IFN-γ had higher concentrations in the subjects with malignant tumor compared with those with benign tumor. The present findings indicated that the concentrations of IL-4 and IL-17 in tumor tissues may be associated with the severity of breast malignancy.

A preliminary study on the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin 4 (IL4, IL13, IL4 receptor alpha (IL4Rα & Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 genes with asthma in Indian adults

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Parisa Davoodi

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Background & objectives: Interleukin 4 (IL4 and IL13 genes are believed to be responsible for inflammation of the airways in asthmatics. These share a common receptor component called IL4Rα which is another potentially important candidate gene linked to asthma phenotypes. Another gene Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 might affect the incidence or progression of asthma through the expression of proinflammatory genes. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs in IL4, IL13, IL4Rα and TLR4 have been reported to be linked to asthma or related phenotypes in several ethnic populations using linkage studies and association studies. However, the results have not been consistent. We investigated five SNPs (C-589T and C-33T of IL4, G+2044A of IL13, A+1902G of IL4Rα, and A+896G of TLR4 in patients with adult onset asthma to evaluate their role in manifestation and severity of asthma. Methods: Adult (>18 yr of age patients with asthma (n=100 and healthy controls (n=50 were included in the study. Genotyping was performed using sequenom MassARRAY technology. Results: The mutant alleles of the C-589T and C-33T SNPs in the promoter region of IL4 were present in 4 per cent patients with asthma but absent from the control group suggesting that the variations in IL4 may contribute to asthma occurrence. The SNPs of other genes were seen in both controls and patients. Interpretation & conclusions: The results suggest the possible association between the genetic distribution of C-589T and C-33T SNPs of IL4 with asthma in Indian adults.

IL-17 for therapy.

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Kurschus, Florian C; Moos, Sonja

2017-09-01

The cytokine IL-17 is now a target for an array of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies supposed to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases. The forerunner Secukinumab, an IL-17A neutralizing antibody, is meanwhile approved as first-line treatments for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, and as second-line treatment for psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Ixekizumab and Brodalumab, both also targeting the IL-17 pathway, were also recently approved by the FDA for plaque psoriasis. Using mice overexpressing IL-17A in a tissue of choice, we showed that the ectopic expression of this cytokine in keratinocytes resulted in a spontaneous and very strong form of psoriasis-like dermatitis. Interestingly, this model showed some typical comorbidities found in humans with psoriasis. In this review, we will discuss why IL-17 is a good target especially in psoriasis and what we learned from mouse models about its functions in pathological situations. Copyright © 2017 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Endogenous IL-1 in Cognitive Function and Anxiety: A Study in IL-1RI−/− Mice

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Murray, Carol L.; Obiang, Pauline; Bannerman, David; Cunningham, Colm

2013-01-01

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, produced predominantly by peripheral immune cells but also by glia and some neuronal populations within the brain. Its signalling is mediated via the binding of IL-1α or IL-1β to the interleukin-1 type one receptor (IL-1RI). IL-1 plays a key role in inflammation-induced sickness behaviour, resulting in depressed locomotor activity, decreased exploration, reduced food and water intake and acute cognitive deficits. Conversely, IL-1 has also been suggested to facilitate hippocampal-dependent learning and memory: IL-1RI−/− mice have been reported to show deficits on tasks of visuospatial learning and memory. We sought to investigate whether there is a generalised hippocampal deficit in IL-1RI−/− animals. Therefore, in the current study we compared wildtype (WT) mice to IL-1RI−/− mice using a variety of hippocampal-dependent learning and memory tasks, as well as tests of anxiety and locomotor activity. We found no difference in performance of the IL-1RI−/− mice compared to WT mice in a T-maze working memory task. In addition, the IL-1RI−/− mice showed normal learning in various spatial reference memory tasks including the Y-maze and Morris mater maze, although there was a subtle deficit in choice behaviour in a spatial discrimination, beacon watermaze task. IL-1RI−/− mice also showed normal memory for visuospatial context in the contextual fear conditioning paradigm. In the open field, IL-1RI−/− mice showed a significant increase in distance travelled and rearing behaviour compared to the WT mice and in the elevated plus-maze spent more time in the open arms than did the WT animals. The data suggest that, contrary to prior studies, IL-1RI−/− mice are not robustly impaired on hippocampal-dependent memory and learning but do display open field hyperactivity and decreased anxiety compared to WT mice. The results argue for a careful evaluation of the roles of endogenous IL-1 in

Preferential binding to Elk-1 by SLE-associated IL10 risk allele upregulates IL10 expression.

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Daisuke Sakurai

Full Text Available Immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10 is elevated in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE correlating with disease activity. The established association of IL10 with SLE and other autoimmune diseases led us to fine map causal variant(s and to explore underlying mechanisms. We assessed 19 tag SNPs, covering the IL10 gene cluster including IL19, IL20 and IL24, for association with SLE in 15,533 case and control subjects from four ancestries. The previously reported IL10 variant, rs3024505 located at 1 kb downstream of IL10, exhibited the strongest association signal and was confirmed for association with SLE in European American (EA (P = 2.7×10⁻⁸, OR = 1.30, but not in non-EA ancestries. SNP imputation conducted in EA dataset identified three additional SLE-associated SNPs tagged by rs3024505 (rs3122605, rs3024493 and rs3024495 located at 9.2 kb upstream, intron 3 and 4 of IL10, respectively, and SLE-risk alleles of these SNPs were dose-dependently associated with elevated levels of IL10 mRNA in PBMCs and circulating IL-10 protein in SLE patients and controls. Using nuclear extracts of peripheral blood cells from SLE patients for electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we identified specific binding of transcription factor Elk-1 to oligodeoxynucleotides containing the risk (G allele of rs3122605, suggesting rs3122605 as the most likely causal variant regulating IL10 expression. Elk-1 is known to be activated by phosphorylation and nuclear localization to induce transcription. Of interest, phosphorylated Elk-1 (p-Elk-1 detected only in nuclear extracts of SLE PBMCs appeared to increase with disease activity. Co-expression levels of p-Elk-1 and IL-10 were elevated in SLE T, B cells and monocytes, associated with increased disease activity in SLE B cells, and were best downregulated by ERK inhibitor. Taken together, our data suggest that preferential binding of activated Elk-1 to the IL10 rs3122605-G allele

Entre a cura e o divertimento: as viagens de férias junto à natureza em estâncias hidrominerais (1930-1940

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Daniele Cristina Carqueijeiro de Medeiros

Full Text Available Resumo A natureza e seus elementos, como o sol, a água e o clima –considerados regeneradores –, afirmam-se nos discursos médicos como destinos apropriados aos viajantes durante as férias, estabelecidas legalmente aos trabalhadores com a Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT em 1943. Este artigo trata das viagens de férias em estâncias hidrominerais e toma como objeto principal de análise um dos destinos: Poços de Caldas (MG. Seu objetivo foi analisar, a partir de um conjunto de revistas de vulgarização científica e guias de viagens das décadas de 1930 e 1940, o lugar da cura e do divertimento nessa estância. Analisa, assim, o lugar da educação do corpo nas prescrições voltadas para os destinos escolhidos.

IL-4 enhances IL-10 production in Th1 cells: implications for Th1 and Th2 regulation.

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Mitchell, Ruth E; Hassan, Masriana; Burton, Bronwen R; Britton, Graham; Hill, Elaine V; Verhagen, Johan; Wraith, David C

2017-09-12

IL-10 is an immunomodulatory cytokine with a critical role in limiting inflammation in immune-mediated pathologies. The mechanisms leading to IL-10 expression by CD4 + T cells are being elucidated, with several cytokines implicated. We explored the effect of IL-4 on the natural phenomenon of IL-10 production by a chronically stimulated antigen-specific population of differentiated Th1 cells. In vitro, IL-4 blockade inhibited while addition of exogenous IL-4 to Th1 cultures enhanced IL-10 production. In the in vivo setting of peptide immunotherapy leading to a chronically stimulated Th1 phenotype, lack of IL-4Rα inhibited the induction of IL-10. Exploring the interplay of Th1 and Th2 cells through co-culture, Th2-derived IL-4 promoted IL-10 expression by Th1 cultures, reducing their pathogenicity in vivo. Co-culture led to upregulated c-Maf expression with no decrease in the proportion of T-bet + cells in these cultures. Addition of IL-4 also reduced the encephalitogenic capacity of Th1 cultures. These data demonstrate that IL-4 contributes to IL-10 production and that Th2 cells modulate Th1 cultures towards a self-regulatory phenotype, contributing to the cross-regulation of Th1 and Th2 cells. These findings are important in the context of Th1 driven diseases since they reveal how the Th1 phenotype and function can be modulated by IL-4.

Marketing; Il marketing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muscigna, M [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, RM (Italy). Dipt. Innovazione

1999-07-01

The report discusses marketing strategies oriented to the organizations and analyzes its critical factors, which determine the success of the organization activity. [Italian] Il rapporto analizza i caratteri delle strategie del marketing orientato all'impresa. Vengono infine analizzati i fattori critici che determinano il successo o l'insuccesso delle scelte aziendali.

Use of licit and illicit drugs at the university of Alfenas Uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas no meio universitário de Alfenas

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João Evangelista Fiorini

2003-01-01

Full Text Available This paper reports the study of drug consumption carried out within the population of undergraduate students from 2 colleges of Alfenas, in the state of Minas Gerais state. Both licit and illicit drugs were studied, including alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, crack, inhalants, glue, tranquilizers, stimulants, and others. METHODOLOGY: The research included a wide bibliographical search and the application of a questionnaire to approximately 23% of the students (total of 6500 students. RESULTS: A total of 1500 students participated in this investigation. The results demonstrated that there was a significant consumption of both licit and illicit drugs. The pattern of drug consumption in the research sample was similar to other investigations conducted in Brazil and in other countries. DISCUSSION: It was observed that 55% of the university students use drugs. However, the most surprising finding was that most of the students (88% answered "yes" to the inquiry, "Have you already tried any type of drug, including alcohol and cigarettes?" The students revealed that they had taken drugs even prior to the admission to the university. The results suggest clearly that the university environment does not necessarily represent the starting point for student drug consumption.Este trabalho relata um estudo sobre o consumo de drogas realizado em uma população de estudantes em duas universidades na cidade de Alfenas, no estado de Minas Gerais. Tanto drogas lícitas como ilícitas foram consideradas, incluindo álcool, tabaco, maconha, cocaína, heroína, crack, inalantes, cola, tranquilizantes, estimulantes, entre outras. METODOLOGIA: A pesquisa incluiu uma vasta revisão bibliográfica e a aplicação de um questionário em cerca de 23% dos acadêmicos (total 6.500. RESULTADOS: Um total de 1.500 estudantes participaram desta investigação. Os resultados demonstram que há um consumo significativo de tais drogas. Entretanto, o padrão do consumo

Construction of an expression system for bioactive IL-18 and generation of recombinant canine distemper virus expressing IL-18.

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Liu, Yuxiu; Sato, Hiroki; Hamana, Masahiro; Moonan, Navita Anisia; Yoneda, Misako; Xia, Xianzhu; Kai, Chieko

2014-09-01

Interleukin 18 (IL-18) plays an important role in the T-helper-cell type 1 immune response against intracellular parasites, bacteria and viral infections. It has been widely used as an adjuvant for vaccines and as an anticancer agent. However, IL-18 protein lacks a typical signal sequence and requires cleavage into its mature active form by caspase 1. In this study, we constructed mammalian expression vectors carrying cDNA encoding mature canine IL-18 (cIL-18) or mouse IL-18 (mIL-18) fused to the human IL-2 (hIL-2) signal sequence. The expressed proIL-18 proteins were processed to their mature forms in the cells. The supernatants of cells transfected with these plasmids induced high interferon-γ production in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells or mouse splenocytes, respectively, indicating the secretion of bioactive IL-18. Using reverse genetics, we also generated a recombinant canine distemper virus that expresses cIL-18 or mIL-18 fused to the hIL-2 signal sequence. As expected, both recombinant viruses produced mature IL-18 in the infected cells, which secreted bioactive IL-18. These results indicate that the signal sequence from hIL-2 is suitable for the secretion of mature IL-18. These recombinant viruses can also potentially be used as immunoadjuvants and agents for anticancer therapies in vivo.

Gestão de pessoas na indústria criativa: o caso dos estúdios de animação brasileiros

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Marta Corrêa Machado

Full Text Available Resumo Esta pesquisa visa entender a gestão de pessoas na indústria criativa a partir do estudo de um de seus segmentos, os estúdios de animação. Partindo da conceituação de Chaston (2008 de indústria criativa como o encontro entre negócio e cultura, observou-se o dilema entre a realização artística e os objetivos comerciais presente também nesse segmento da indústria. No estudo, pudemos aprofundar o entendimento sobre como esse dilema se reflete na operação da gestão de pessoas nesses estúdios brasileiros. Para entender essa questão foi conduzida uma pesquisa qualitativa através de estudos de casos em quatro produtoras nacionais nos quais foram entrevistados um funcionário e um sócio de cada empresa. Os dados encontrados apontam que ainda é incipiente a gestão de pessoas nesses ambientes, embora esteja presente a noção de que esses são os recursos principais que movem essas empresas. Foi observado ainda que a retenção dos colaboradores ocorre muito mais pela sua identificação com a atividade em si do que por outras retribuições, como salário ou garantias trabalhihstas.

Efeito do estádio de maturação dos frutos nas características físico-químicas de acerola

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Nogueira Rejane Jurema Mansur Custódio

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar características físico-químicas dos frutos de acerola, em três estádios de maturação. Foram usadas acerolas oriundas de duas matrizes (UFRPE 7 e UFRPE 8, durante as estações seca e chuvosa, num pomar comercial. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (plantas matrizes x estádios de maturação dos frutos, e três repetições. Foram avaliados os teores de vitamina C e sólidos solúveis totais (SST, além do pH, do peso e tamanho dos frutos. As aceroleiras UFRPE 7 e UFRPE 8 produziram frutos com teores de vitamina C adequados tanto para o mercado interno como para o externo. Os frutos verdes apresentaram teores de vitamina C significativamente maiores que os maduros e semimaduros, podendo ser utilizados pela indústria farmacêutica. Houve influência sazonal nos teores de vitamina C nas características físicas (peso e diâmetros dos frutos e físico-químicas (SST das matrizes estudadas. O conteúdo de vitamina C foi mais elevado durante a estação seca, e decresceu com a maturação do fruto. A UFRPE 7 produziu frutos de melhor qualidade, apresentando também maior estabilidade nas características avaliadas do que a UFRPE 8.

Le dessalement de l’eau de mer est-il une voie d’avenir?

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Jean-Noël Salomon

2012-06-01

Full Text Available La pénurie en eau semble devenir une perspective inquiétante pour l’humanité. Aujourd’hui les pays en situation de stress hydrique sont de plus en plus nombreux tandis que les besoins ne cessent de grandir. Face à ce constat, nombre de solutions techniques ont été apportées dont celle du dessalement de l’eau de mer. Cette activité est en pleine expansion du fait d’une amélioration constante des techniques et d’un coût de plus en plus réduit. Déjà le dessalement représente la principale source d’eau potable pour un grand nombre de pays (îles, pays à climat désertique ou subdésertique, etc.. Mais, ce coût restant encore bien supérieur à celui des autres modes d’alimentation, cette technique reste réservée à des États ayant des ressources financières et énergétiques consistantes (Moyen Orient, pays développés, ce qui limite les possibilités. L’avenir du dessalement doit également prendre en compte ses effets sur l’environnement car de plus en plus d’études en montrent les effets pervers et …coûteux. Cet article entend faire le point et attirer l’attention sur l’ensemble de cette technique qui offre une alternative intéressante au spectre de la pénurie d’eau annoncée par bien des médias dans le contexte du réchauffement climatique.

Alimentation animale et valeur nutritionnelle induite sur les produits dérivés consommés par l’homme : Les lipides sont-ils principalement concernés ?

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Bourre Jean-Marie

2003-09-01

. Les faibles variations susceptibles d’être éventuellement obtenues ne permettraient toutefois pas de participer significativement à l’amélioration de la couverture de besoins nutritionnels de l’homme. Les produits tripiers font exception, mais ils ne sont plus consommés que marginalement et ne peuvent concourir significativement à la couverture moyenne des besoins en nutriments de l’homme. Toutefois, concernant les poissons, de notables différences peuvent être observées selon les lieux de pêche et les saisons (entre autres, et, par voie de conséquence très probable, selon les élevages (pour les vitamines D et E, l’iode le fer et le sélénium. Pour les œufs, la composition varie beaucoup selon les formulations des aliments donnés aux poules pondeuses (principalement pour les vitamines A, D et E et plusieurs éléments, dont l’iode. Une nouvelle approche se dessine avec les micro-nutriments non indispensables pour l’homme trouvés dans les produits animaux destinés à la consommation humaine. Il s’agit, par exemple, des caroténoïdes liposolubles. Parmi ceux-ci, la lutéine et la zéaxanthine sont présentes dans le jaune de l’œuf, contribuant à sa coloration. Or, des travaux très récents montrent que ces molécules peuvent être quantitativement augmentées dans l’œuf par une alimentation appropriée des poules pondeuses. Point nouveau, la consommation d’œufs ainsi enrichis a permis d’accroître les concentrations des deux caroténoïdes dans le sang de volontaires humains, et par conséquent dans leur rétine. Par ailleurs, on sait que ces substances sont présentes dans l’œil, en particulier dans la rétine. Or, une augmentation de la prise alimentaire de lutéine et de zéaxanthine induit leur accroissement dans la rétine. D’autre part, il est bien connu que la cataracte comme la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge sont presque 2 fois moins fréquentes chez les sujets dont la teneur de ces substances

Associação dos níveis de citocinas no pós-transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas com a Doença do Enxerto Contra o Hospedeiro aguda Association of cytokine levels with acute graft versus host disease following full match allogeneic stem cell transplantation

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Jeane E. L. Visentainer

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudo foi realizado para investigar se os níveis séricos de sIL-2R, TNF-alfa, IFN-gama, IL-6, IL-10 e TGF-beta1 estavam associados com o desenvolvimento de DECH (Doença do Enxerto Contra o Hospedeiro aguda. Os níveis de citocinas foram seqüencialmente mensurados por Elisa em 13 pacientes que haviam sido submetidos ao transplante alogênico de células progenitoras hematopoiéticas. Os níveis de sIL-2R e IL-10 da 1ª a 15ª semanas pós-transplante foram significativamente maiores no grupo que desenvolveu DECH aguda que naquele sem a doença. Os níveis de sIL-2R aumentaram em direta correlação com a pega do enxerto e ao tempo do DECH aguda, enquanto os níveis de IL-10 aumentaram transitoriamente pós-transplante. A média da concentração de TNF-alfa nas primeiras semanas após o transplante foi maior no grupo que desenvolveu DECH aguda. Além disso, uma queda dos níveis de TGF-beta1 após a pega esteve significativamente associada à DECH aguda. Nenhuma correlação foi encontrada entre DECH aguda e as outras citocinas investigadas. Estes resultados suportam a idéia de que um balanço entre as citocinas derivadas de linfócitos T auxiliadores do tipo 1 e 2 pode ser importante no desenvolvimento e controle da DECH aguda. Embora os níveis de sIL-2R, TNF-alfa, IL-10 e TGF-beta1 tenham sido correlacionados com a DECH aguda, os níveis de sIL-2R ao tempo da pega podem prover um melhor parâmetro para a detecção precoce de DECH aguda após o transplante alogênico.This study was performed to investigate whether the serum levels of sIL-2R, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-beta1 are associated with the development of acute GVHD. Serum cytokine levels were sequentially measured by sandwich Enzyme Linked-Immuno-Sorbent Assay (Elisa in 13 patients who had received full match allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Serum sIL-2R and IL-10 levels from the 1st to the 15th week post transplantation were significantly higher in the

The role of IL-17 in psoriasis.

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Malakouti, Mona; Brown, Gabrielle Elena; Wang, Eva; Koo, John; Levin, Ethan C

2015-02-01

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition traditionally believed to involve the Th1 pathway. Recently, the IL-23/Th17/IL-17 pathway has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and other autoimmune inflammatory conditions. From a clinician's perspective, we sought to review the basic science data relevant to IL-17's role in psoriasis pathogenesis. We performed a Pubmed and Web of Knowledge search for English articles starting from 1990 that discussed the Th17 pathway. Search terms such as "IL-17" and "psoriasis" were utilized. The IL-17 pathway is regulated by IL-23, a cytokine that is vital for the expansion and maintenance of the Th17 cell population. Th17 derived cytokines (IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17A/F and IL-22) were elevated in both psoriasis-like murine models and human psoriatic lesional biopsies. Ixekizumab (anti-IL-17A) treatment of psoriasis was found to normalize levels of IL-17 downstream gene products. Both preclinical and clinical studies support the central role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

Plasma cytokine profile in tropical endomyocardial fibrosis: predominance of TNF-a, IL-4 and IL-10.

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Aline S Bossa

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The participation of immune/inflammatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of tropical endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF has been suggested by the finding of early blood and myocardial eosinophilia. However, the inflammatory activation status of late-stage EMF patients is still unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We evaluated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in plasma samples from late stage EMF patients. Cytokine levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α, Interferon (IFN-γ, Interleukin (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were assayed in plasma samples from 27 EMF patients and compared with those of healthy control subjects. All EMF patients displayed detectable plasma levels of at least one of the cytokines tested. We found that TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10 were each detected in at least 74% of tested sera, and plasma levels of IL-10, IL-4, and TNF-α were significantly higher than those of controls. Plasma levels of such cytokines positively correlated with each other. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory/Th2circulating cytokine profile in EMF is consistent with the presence of a persistent inflammatory stimulus. On the other hand, the detection of increased levels of TNF-α may be secondary to the cardiovascular involvement observed in these patients, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 may have been upregulated as a homeostatic mechanism to buffer both production and deleterious cardiovascular effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further studies might establish whether these findings play a role in disease pathogenesis.

IL17eScan: A Tool for the Identification of Peptides Inducing IL-17 Response

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Sudheer Gupta

2017-10-01

Full Text Available IL-17 cytokines are pro-inflammatory cytokines and are crucial in host defense against various microbes. Induction of these cytokines by microbial antigens has been investigated in the case of ischemic brain injury, gingivitis, candidiasis, autoimmune myocarditis, etc. In this study, we have investigated the ability of amino acid sequence of antigens to induce IL-17 response using machine-learning approaches. A total of 338 IL-17-inducing and 984 IL-17 non-inducing peptides were retrieved from Immune Epitope Database. 80% of the data were randomly selected as training dataset and rest 20% as validation dataset. To predict the IL-17-inducing ability of peptides/protein antigens, different sequence-based machine-learning models were developed. The performance of support vector machine (SVM and random forest (RF was compared with different parameters to predict IL-17-inducing epitopes (IIEs. The dipeptide composition-based SVM-model displayed an accuracy of 82.4% with Matthews correlation coefficient = 0.62 at polynomial (t = 1 kernel on 10-fold cross-validation and outperformed RF. Amino acid residues Leu, Ser, Arg, Asn, and Phe and dipeptides LL, SL, LK, IL, LI, NL, LR, FK, SF, and LE are abundant in IIEs. The present tool helps in the identification of IIEs using machine-learning approaches. The induction of IL-17 plays an important role in several inflammatory diseases, and identification of such epitopes would be of great help to the immunologists. It is freely available at http://metagenomics.iiserb.ac.in/IL17eScan/ and http://metabiosys.iiserb.ac.in/IL17eScan/.

Development of EST-derived markers in Dendrobium from EST of related taxa

OpenAIRE

Narisa Juejun; Chataporn Chunwongse; Julapark Chunwongse

2013-01-01

Public databases are useful for molecular marker development. The major aim of this study was to develop expressedsequence tag (EST)-derived markers in Dendrobium from available ESTs of Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium. A total of 6063sequences were screened for simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and introns. Primers flanking these regions were generated andtested on genomic DNAs of Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium. Twenty-three percent of amplifiable Phalaenopsis EST-derivedmarkers were cross-genera trans...

IL-1 receptor-antagonist (IL-1Ra) knockout mice show anxiety-like behavior by aging.

Science.gov (United States)

Wakabayashi, Chisato; Numakawa, Tadahiro; Odaka, Haruki; Ooshima, Yoshiko; Kiyama, Yuji; Manabe, Toshiya; Kunugi, Hiroshi; Iwakura, Yoichiro

2015-07-10

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) plays a critical role in stress responses, and its mRNA is induced in the brain by restraint stress. Previously, we reported that IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) knockout (KO) mice, which lacked IL-1Ra molecules that antagonize the IL-1 receptor, showed anti-depression-like behavior via adrenergic modulation at the age of 8 weeks. Here, we report that IL-1Ra KO mice display an anxiety-like phenotype that is induced spontaneously by aging in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test. This anxiety-like phenotype was improved by the administration of diazepam. The expression of the anxiety-related molecule glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was significantly reduced in 20-week-old but not in 11-week-old IL-1Ra KO mice compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. The expression of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) was not altered between IL-1Ra KO mice and WT littermates at either 11 or 20 weeks old. Analysis of monoamine concentration in the hippocampus revealed that tryptophan, the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), and the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) were significantly increased in 20-week-old IL-1Ra KO mice compared to littermate WT mice. These findings strongly suggest that the anxiety-like behavior observed in older mice was caused by the complicated alteration of monoamine metabolism and/or GR expression in the hippocampus. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Marketing; Il marketing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muscigna, M. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, RM (Italy). Dipt. Innovazione

1999-07-01

The report discusses marketing strategies oriented to the organizations and analyzes its critical factors, which determine the success of the organization activity. [Italian] Il rapporto analizza i caratteri delle strategie del marketing orientato all'impresa. Vengono infine analizzati i fattori critici che determinano il successo o l'insuccesso delle scelte aziendali.

Viva il GIS Day!

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Redazione Redazione

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Il GIS Day è sponsorizzato oltre che da ESRI, dalla National Geographic Society, dalla Association of American Geographers, dalla UCGIS (University Consortium for Geographic Information Science, dalla United States Geological Survey e dalla Library of Congress. Il tutto nasce nel corso della Geography Awareness Week, terza settimana di novembre che nel 1987 il Presidente degli Stati Uniti Ronald Reagan stabilì dovesse essere dedicata alla diffusione della cultura geografica.

Analysis of IL-6, IL-10 and NF-κB Gene Polymorphisms in Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis.

Science.gov (United States)

Toker, Hülya; Görgün, Emine Pirim; Korkmaz, Ertan Mahir

2017-06-01

Pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), demonstrated to be suppressed by interleukin-10 (IL-10) are known to be regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB). The aim of this study was to ascertain the association between genetic polymorphism of these genes (IL-6(-174), IL-10(-597) and NF-κB1-94ins/del)) and chronic/aggressive periodontitis. Forty-five patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 58 patients with aggressive periodontitis (AP) and 38 periodontally healthy subjects were included in this study. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood samples. The NF-κB, IL-6, and IL-10 polymorphisms were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Among subjects for the ins/ins genotypes of NF-κB1 gene, the AA genotypes of IL-10 presented a higher frequency in chronic periodontitis group than in healthy controls (p=0.023). A statistically significant difference in genotyping frequencies between AP group and healthy controls was observed for the IL-6 gene. The AA genotype of IL-10 was overrepresented in CP and AP groups compared to healthy controls (OR=9.93, 95% CI: 2.11-46.7, OR=5.7, 95% CI: 1.22-26.89, respectively). Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the IL-10 (-597) AA genotype is associated with susceptibility to chronic/aggressive periodontitis and IL-6 (-174) GG genotypes and G allele seems to be associated with aggressive periodontitis. Clinical relevance: The results of the current study indicate that IL-6 and IL-10 genotypes seem to be associated with aggressive periodontitis. Also, the AA genotypes of IL-10 presented a higher frequency in chronic periodontitis subjects with carrying NF-κB1 ins/ins genotypes. Copyright© by the National Institute of Public Health, Prague 2017

IL-12 and IL-23 modulate plasticity of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in human Leprosy.

Science.gov (United States)

Tarique, Mohd; Saini, Chaman; Naqvi, Raza Ali; Khanna, Neena; Sharma, Alpana; Rao, D N

2017-03-01

Leprosy is a bacterial disease caused by M. leprae. Its clinical spectrum reflects the host's immune response to the M. leprae and provide an ideal model to investigate the host pathogen interaction and immunological dysregulation. Tregs are high in leprosy patients and responsible for immune suppression of the host by producing IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines. In leprosy, plasticity of Tregs remain unstudied. This is the first study describing the conversion of Tregs into Th1-like and Th17-like cells using in vitro cytokine therapy in leprosy patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from leprosy patients were isolated and stimulated with M. leprae antigen (MLCwA), rIL-12 and rIL-23 for 48h. Expression of FoxP3 in CD4 + CD25 + Tregs, intracellular cytokines IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-10 and IL-17 in Tregs cells were evaluated by flow cytometry (FACS) after stimulation. rIL-12 treatment increases the levels of pStat4 in Tregs and IFN-γ production. In the presence of rIL-23, pStat3 + and IL-17A + cells increase. rIL-12 and r-IL-23 treatment downregulated the FoxP3 expression, IL-10 and TGF-β production by Tregs and enhances the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86). In conclusion rIL-12 converts Tregs into IFN-γ producing cells through STAT-4 signaling while rIL-23 converts Tregs into IL-17 producing cells through STAT-3 signaling in leprosy patients. This study may helpful to provide a new avenue to overcome the immunosuprression in leprosy patients using in vitro cytokine. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Il faut être au moins deux pour faire bouger les lignes de l’inacceptable

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Jean-Michel Gros

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Il s’agit de vérifier une hypothèse de Jean-Pierre Cavaillé : « Pour « faire » le libertin, il faut au moins être deux »1. à travers l’exemple de deux « couples » comprenant chacun un esprit libertin et un apologiste – Cyrano et Pascal ; Bayle et Leibniz –, on a voulu montrer que c’est le plus souvent à travers les contaminations réciproques des positions antagonistes que celles-ci s’exacerbent et que les limites de l’inacceptable sont franchies de part et d’autre.Cyrano et Pascal, sans s’être lus, utilisent les mêmes thématiques : le divertissement, la cironalité universelle, l’immortalité de l’âme et surtout le pari et le « dieu caché ». Chacun tire évidemment ces thèmes vers des conclusions diamétralement opposées : ainsi le sarcasme libertin oblige Pascal à dramatiser le vieux topos apologétique du pari tout en cherchant à le « rationaliser » pendant que la dérision libertine semble  miner par avance cette tentative « désespérée » de convertir l’athée dans un monde où un dieu « sot ou malicieux » joue à « cligne musette ».Bayle et Leibniz, eux, entretiennent un dialogue dans leurs œuvres respectives. Leibniz tente par un discours métaphysique – La Théodicée – de faire barrage aux terribles questions des grands articles sur le mal du Dictionnaire historique et critique de Bayle. Mais il ne comprend pas, quelle que soit la rigueur de son argumentation, que ces articles n’attendent aucune « réponse » : ils mettent seulement en scène l’inanité de toute tentative de mettre la raison au service d’un discours, celui de la théologie ou de la métaphysique apologétique, qui lui impose comme point de départ un dogme qu’elle ne peut interroger, ce qui va à l’encontre du principe même de tout usage de la rationalité philosophique. L’intérêt de l’analyse de telles confrontations serait de montrer que chacun des arguments

E-Commerce no Brasil: Se o Segmento é Promissor, Por Que Empresas Atuantes Estão no Vermelho?

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Adriana Serafim dos Santos

2015-04-01

Full Text Available A mudança de perfil dos novos consumidores tem exigido das organizações inovação em suas operações. Nesse contexto, uma nova modalidade de negócios tem modificado o cenário brasileiro, o e-commerce. Este segmento está em pleno crescimento, com projeções elevadas de faturamento (EBIT, 2013. No entanto, um paradoxo tem intrigado pesquisadores da área. Se o segmento é promissor, por que as empresas do ramo têm resultados negativos? Diante disso, o objetivo do estudo foi verificar o que revela a análise das demonstrações contábeis sobre o desempenho econômico-financeiro da B2W Digital (que atua no varejo on-line em comparação com outras empresas classificadas no mesmo setor na BM&FBovespa (atuantes no varejo tradicional. Na plataforma teórica foram discutidos os principais indicadores financeiros e econômicos e apresentado um histórico sobre o e-commerce no Brasil. Posteriormente foi realizada análise documental nas demonstrações contábeis das referidas empresas no período de 2007 a 2012. Foi constatado que as principais causas para o baixo desempenho da B2W Digital no período analisado foram: desequilíbrio na gestão dos prazos médios, ou seja, a organização paga seus fornecedores em prazos bem menores do que recebe de seus clientes, por isso a necessidade de financiar sua operação com recursos onerosos de curto prazo, principalmente empréstimos e antecipações de recebíveis, o que acarreta em despesas com taxas e juros; elevado grau de endividamento; baixa margem bruta, devido ao custo da mercadoria vendida que consome mais de 70% de sua receita líquida; e, finalmente, aumento das despesas operacionais, principalmente em distribuição.

Carnet de voyage en terre déodatienne

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Eric Breton

2001-10-01

Full Text Available 1507, loin de la façade Atlantique qui s’est ouverte au Nouveau Monde quelques années plus tôt, l’Amérique est, pour la première fois dans l’histoire, cartographiée, identifiée sur un planisphère ; C’est à St-Dié-des-Vosges que l’événement a lieu. Innovation. 2001, le F.I.G. s’interroge sur la " Géographie de l’innovation ". Il offre à Françoise Héritier, ethnologue, professeur honoraire au Collège de France et à l’E.H.E.S.S., la charge de la présidence de cette douzième édition. Avec son reg...

AcEST: DK948090 [AcEST

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available erase A OS=Aspergillus tubingen... 50 1e-05 sp|P0C1S9|DGLB_RAT Sn1-specific diacy...|P47145|YJ77_YEAST Putative lipase YJR107W OS=Saccharomyces ce... 50 8e-06 sp|O42815|FAEA_ASPTU Feruloyl est

IL-27 Activates Human Trophoblasts to Express IP-10 and IL-6: Implications in the Immunopathophysiology of Preeclampsia

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Nanlin Yin

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Purpose. To investigate the effects of IL-27 on human trophoblasts and the underlying regulatory signaling mechanisms in preeclampsia. Methods. The expression of IL-27 and IL-27 receptor (WSX-1 was studied in the placenta or sera from patients with preeclampsia. In vitro, we investigated the effects of IL-27 alone or in combination with inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α on the proinflammatory activation of human trophoblast cells (HTR-8/SVneo and the underlying intracellular signaling molecules. Results. The expression of IL-27 and IL-27 receptor α (WSX-1 was significantly elevated in the trophoblastic cells from the placenta of patients with preeclampsia compared with control specimens. In vitro, IL-27 could induce the expression of inflammatory factors IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (CXCL10/IP-10 and IL-6 in trophoblasts, and a synergistic effect was observed in the combined treatment of IL-27 and TNF-α on the release of IP-10 and IL-6. Furthermore, the production of IP-10 and IL-6 stimulated by IL-27 was differentially regulated by intracellular activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase-AKT, p38MAPK, and JAK/STAT pathways. Conclusions. These results provide a new insight into the IL-27-activated immunopathological effects mediated by distinct intracellular signal transduction molecules in preeclampsia.

Expressions of TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-6 in bronchiolar epithelium after thoracic irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Kunyu; Hu Yu; Ruebe Claudia; Ruebe Christian

2006-01-01

Objective: To investigate temporal and spatial releases of proinflam matory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-6 in the lung tissue after thoracic irradiation in C57BL/6J mice. Methods: Mice were irradiated with 12 Gy to whole lungs, and control mice were sham-irradiated. Mice were sacrificed at hours 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 and weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 after thoracic irradiation or sham-irradiation. Expressions of TNF-a and IL-1α, IL-6 proteins were detected with immuno-histochemistry. Results: At hour 6 after thoracic irradiation, the expression of TNF-α protein increased significantly, and at hour 12 after thoracic irradiation, the expressions of IL-1α and IL-6 proteins increased significantly, too. The bronchiolar epithelium was the most prominent source of these inflammatory cytokines in the first hours. During the stage of acute pneumonitis, the bronchiolar epithelium, as well as inflammatory cells in the lung interstitium, produced high amounts of TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-6. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that immediate expressions of TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-6 occurred in the bronchiolar epithelium after lung irradiation, and a long-lasting release by the bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium, and inflammatory cells during acute pneumonitis. Therefore, the bronchiolar epithelium is a significant source of proinflammatory cytokines capable of promoting inflammation through recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells after lung irradiation. (authors)

Distinct licensing of IL-18 and IL-1β secretion in response to NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

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Rebecca L Schmidt

Full Text Available Inflammasome activation permits processing of interleukins (IL-1β and 18 and elicits cell death (pyroptosis. Whether these responses are independently licensed or are "hard-wired" consequences of caspase-1 (casp1 activity has not been clear. Here, we show that that each of these responses is independently regulated following activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by a "non-canonical" stimulus, the secreted Listeria monocytogenes (Lm p60 protein. Primed murine dendritic cells (DCs responded to p60 stimulation with reactive oxygen species (ROS production and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 but not pyroptosis. Inhibitors of ROS production inhibited secretion of IL-1β, but did not impair IL-18 secretion. Furthermore, DCs from caspase-11 (casp11-deficient 129S6 mice failed to secrete IL-1β in response to p60 but were fully responsive for IL-18 secretion. These findings reveal that there are distinct licensing requirements for processing of IL-18 versus IL-1β by NLRP3 inflammasomes.

Il bizzarro mondo dei quanti

CERN Document Server

Camejo, Silvia Arroyo

2008-01-01

Scritto prima dell'esame di maturità da una giovane di eccezionale talento, questo libro colma il vuoto esistente tra la letteratura divulgativa sulla fisica quantistica, che normalmente evita ogni formula matematica, e la letteratura specialistica, ben farcita, invece, di matematica avanzata. L'autrice, appena diciannovenne, con l'ausilio della sola matematica della scuola superiore, introduce il lettore ai principi della fisica dei quanti. Se ne ricava uno sguardo profondo sul microcosmo, il regno affascinante delle particelle elementari: oggetti il cui comportamento si distingue in modo drastico e fondamentale da tutto ciò a cui è avvezzo il nostro umano buonsenso. "Un libro... che avrei desiderato avere a 17 anni". Silvia Arroyo Camejo "In modo assolutamente preciso dal punto di vista fisico, l'autrice spiega con grande passione e divertimento i fondamenti della moderna fisica quantistica ... " Prof. Reinhold A. Bertlmann "Un libro stupefacente di un'autrice straordinaria! Si avverte il suo entusiasmo ...

Oulebsir Nabila et Volait Mercedes (dir., L’Orientalisme architectural entre imaginaires et savoirs, Paris, CNRS et Picard, 2009, 300 p.

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Rémi Labrusse

2009-11-01

Full Text Available D’usage potentiellement aussi large qu’est vague la notion d’Orient dont il est issu, le terme « orientalisme », en histoire de l’art et de l’architecture, sert le plus souvent, faute de mieux, à caractériser l’emploi de formes issues des arts de l’Islam, décontextualisées puis réappropriées dans le cadre de pratiques propres à la culture occidentale (celles-ci fussent-elles endossées par des artistes non-occidentaux. Ces pratiques, le xixe siècle, pour des raisons à la fois scientifiques (l...

Néolithique.

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Jacques Lévy

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Cette nouvelle vous a peut-être échappé : la semaine dernière, nous sommes sortis du Paléolithique. Pour la première fois en 2008 1 , la part de l’alimentation humaine produite par l’aquaculture réalisée dans les mers ou les eaux continentales a dépassé celle que nous tirons de la pêche. Il est vrai que notre rapport à la mer est jusqu’à peu resté particulièrement archaïque, tandis que la chasse et la cueillette ont depuis longtemps (mais depuis quand au juste ? été ...

L’orthographe : des systèmes aux usages

OpenAIRE

Fayol, Michel; Jaffré, Jean-Pierre

2016-01-01

Ce texte propose un éclairage à la fois linguistique et psycholinguistique sur l’orthographe. Au-delà de la spécificité inhérente, par définition, aux deux domaines, il illustre la complémentarité épistémologique qui s’est développée entre eux au cours des dernières décennies. La psycholinguistique a très souvent fait appel aux descriptions linguistiques pour élaborer ses hypothèses de travail et, de son côté, la linguistique s’est inspirée à maintes reprises des observations psycholinguistiq...

Polymorphic variations in IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 genes, their circulating serum levels and breast cancer risk in Indian women.