Fibras reforçadas por resina (FRC em Ortodontia. Versatilidade clínica: parte 2 Fiber reinforced composite (FRC in Orthodontic. Clinical versatility: part II

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Daniel Ianni Filho

2005-06-01

Full Text Available As fibras de vidro e de polietileno podem ser utilizadas na prática ortodôntica em diversas situações clínicas, nos casos com ou sem extrações dentárias. Este artigo tem como objetivo mostrar algumas das aplicações clínicas nas quais as fibras contribuíram de forma significativa para a realização dos tratamentos ortodônticos, simplificando-os e aumentando a eficiência clínica. As fibras foram utilizadas principalmente em segmentos de ancoragem e na substituição da banda pela colagem da associação fibra/tubo nos molares.Glass and polyethylene fibers can be used in orthodontic practice on several clinical(s situations, in cases with or without teeth extraction. The objective of this article is to show some of the clinical applications in which the fibers contributed in a positive way to improve the performance of orthodontic treatments, simplifying and raiseing the clinical efficiency. These fibers were mainly used on anchorage segments, and as a substitute for the band by bonding the fiber/tube association in molars.

PROCESSAMENTO DE CASCA E FIBRA DE COCO VERDE POR CARBONIZAÇÃO PARA AGREGAÇÃO DE VALOR / PROCESSING OF COCONUT SHELL AND FIBER FOR ADDING VALUE

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LUIS A. B. CORTEZ; JUAN M. M. PEREZ; JOSÉ D. ROCHA; RODRIGO A. JORDAN; HENRY R. M. MESA

2009-01-01

Atualmente o Brasil é o maior produtor de coco verde, com uma área plantada equivalente a 57 mil hectares, onde a maior parte da parte da produção (66,5%) se concentra na região Nordeste. O descarte do coco depois do consumo da água representa um problema para os sistemas de coleta e tratamento de lixo, pela sua lenta degradação devido ao alto teor de fibras. Neste trabalho são mostrados os resultados da pirólise lenta da fibra e da casca do coco verde. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em um ...

Bulimia nervosa: revisão da literatura Bulimia nervosa: literature review

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Rita Aparecida Romaro

2002-01-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo objetivou revisar a produção científica referente à bulimia nervosa, classificando-a em três dimensões de análise: países relacionados à pesquisa na área; periódicos de indexação; delineamentos e objetivos da pesquisa. A amostra foi composta de 200 abstracts de periódicos indexados nas bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE, entre 1986 e outubro/2000, utilizando-se o descritor bulimia nervosa. Os Estados Unidos (43,5% e o Brasil (12,5% são os países com maior número de publicações. Os artigos estão distribuídos em 100 periódicos diferentes. O delineamento empírico predominou (75%, com destaque para o procedimento de comparação de grupos (63,5%, com a população adulta, predominado os estudos referentes às questões diagnósticas (24%, psicodinâmicas (21,5% e aos aspectos ligados ao tratamento (17%. Os dados encontrados sugerem um interesse crescente pelo assunto nos dois últimos anos, provavelmente pela maior incidência da doença, necessitando-se de mais pesquisas que associem as influências sociais e os aspectos preventivos.The aim of this paper was to revise the scientific production related to bulimia nervosa. It was classified in three dimensions of analysis: countries related to research in the area; indexed publications and designs and aims of the research. The sample comprised 200 abstracts of publications indexed in the LILACS and MEDLINE databases, between 1986 and october/2000, using the key word bulimia nervosa. The United States (43,5% and Brazil (12,5% are the countries having the largest number of publications. The articles are distributed among 100 different journals. The empirical design predominated (75%, with a greater emphasis on the procedure of group comparisons (63,5%, with adult population. Studies on diagnosis issues (24% psychodynamic issues (21,5% and aspects linked to treatment (17%. The data found suggest an increasing interest in the subject over the past two years, probably

Obtenção de nanocompósitos, nanodiamante sobre fibra de carbono e nanotubo de carbono sobre fibra de carbono

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Leonardo Iusuti de Medeiros

2009-01-01

A proposta desta dissertação é a obtenção de dois compósitos nanoestruturados que sejam constituídos um por nanodiamante sobre fibra de carbono e, o outro, por nanotubo de carbono sobre a fibra de carbono. Em ambos os compósitos as fibras de carbono usadas são obtidas com três diferentes índices de grafitização 1000, 1500 e 2000°C. As fibras de carbono apresentam uma grande área superficial devido a sua estrutura. Quando utilizadas como substrato para crescimento de materiais nanoestruturados...

Influência das fibras de aço e das adições minerais na fissuração de tirantes de concreto armado

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L. A. Oliveira Júnior

Full Text Available Neste trabalho é investigada a influência das fibras de aço e das adições minerais (sílica ativa e cinza volante na fissuração de tirantes de concreto armado. Fibras de aço com gancho nas extremidades e relação de aspecto igual a 65 foram usadas nas frações volumétricas de 0,75%, 1,00% e 1,50%. Dezesseis tirantes de 800 mm de comprimento e seção transversal quadrada de 150 mm de lado reforçados com uma barra de aço CA-50 de 20 mm de diâmetro foram submetidos à tração axial para determinação das aberturas das fissuras. Os resultados mostraram que as fibras reduziram a abertura média de fissuras em até 75% e que as adições minerais melhoraram o comportamento do concreto na fissuração. As aberturas de fissuras foram comparadas aos valores sugeridos pelas recomendações das normas brasileira, americana e européia, que se mostraram inadequadas para estimar a abertura de fissuras em concretos reforçados com fibras.

Diagnostic Crossover in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa: Implications for DSM-V

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Eddy, Kamryn T.; Dorer, David J.; Franko, Debra L.; Tahilani, Kavita; Thompson-Brenner, Heather; Herzog, David B.

2011-01-01

Objective The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is designed primarily as a clinical tool. Yet high rates of diagnostic “crossover” among the anorexia nervosa subtypes and bulimia nervosa may reflect problems with the validity of the current diagnostic schema, thereby limiting its clinical utility. This study was designed to examine diagnostic crossover longitudinally in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa to inform the validity of the DSM-IV-TR eating disorders classification system. Method A total of 216 women with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa were followed for 7 years; weekly eating disorder symptom data collected using the Eating Disorder Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Examination allowed for diagnoses to be made throughout the follow-up period. Results Over 7 years, the majority of women with anorexia nervosa experienced diagnostic crossover: more than half crossed between the restricting and binge eating/purging anorexia nervosa subtypes over time; one-third crossed over to bulimia nervosa but were likely to relapse into anorexia nervosa. Women with bulimia nervosa were unlikely to cross over to anorexia nervosa. Conclusions These findings support the longitudinal distinction of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa but do not support the anorexia nervosa subtyping schema. PMID:18198267

Modelos esquemáticos para avaliação da qualidade analítica dos dados nacionais de fibra alimentar

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CARUSO Lúcia

1999-01-01

Full Text Available O controle de qualidade de uma análise laboratorial é essencial para garantir a confiabilidade da informação. Os resultados analíticos serão considerados restritos se não houver um programa definido de controle de qualidade analítico. O presente trabalho propõe modelos esquemáticos para a avaliação da qualidade dos dados nacionais de fibra alimentar. A fibra alimentar foi escolhida, como um modelo, com o propósito de se aplicar os critérios do USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture empregados na avaliação do selênio, cobre e de carotenóides. Esta escolha foi baseada na escassez de informações desse nutriente e pela importância da fibra alimentar na prevenção de doenças crônico-degenerativas. Para a avaliação da qualidade dos dados foram consideradas cinco categorias: número de amostras, plano de amostragem, tomada de amostra, método analítico e controle de qualidade analítica. Estes modelos foram utilizados na avaliação da qualidade das determinações de fibra alimentar de 180 alimentos. O resultado obtido foi de 29% com código A e B (considerável e razoável confiança e 68% com código C (reduzida confiança. Com a determinação da qualidade dos dados, foi possível estabelecer quais os alimentos que constituem prioridades de análise, que são aqueles nos quais ainda não foi determinada a fração fibra alimentar, e aqueles com código de confiança C.

Infiltração de sal de alumínio em fibras de sisal para obtenção de fibras de alumina Infiltration of aluminum salt into sisal to produce alumina fibers

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T. E. Andrade Jr.

2005-03-01

Full Text Available O sisal é um recurso estratégico para a região Nordeste e, particularmente, para o estado do Rio Grande do Norte, por ser uma cultura renovável e adaptada às condições do semi-árido. Em virtude das condições adversas de clima e solo, o sisal é, em algumas regiões, o único produto agrícola rentável passível de plantio. Agregar valor aos produtos manufaturados a partir do sisal contribui não só para o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico da região, como também para a geração de renda para a população dos municípios potiguares produtores de sisal. Da planta extraem-se fibras ligninocelulósicas utilizadas na produção artesanal de cordas e industrial de mantas e tapetes. Uma outra alternativa é o aproveitamento da estrutura da fibra para a produção de fibras de alumina (Al2O3 pela biomodelagem. Este processo consiste na reprodução da estruturas natural do material de partida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as condições de infiltração da fibra de sisal com sal de alumínio para posterior conversão da estrutura em fibras de alumina. Inicialmente, as fibras de sisal foram pré-tratadas com hidróxido de sódio, infiltradas com uma solução saturada de sal de alumínio (Al2Cl6 e sinterizadas entre 1400 °C e 1650 °C. A caracterização das fibras de alumina foi feita por difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados mostraram a conversão completa apenas da superfície da fibra de sisal em alfa-Al2O3, resultando em baixa resistência ao manuseio. Novos métodos de infiltração são propostos com o objetivo de reproduzir-se a estrutura interna da fibra de sisal, resultando em fibras materiais com melhor resistência mecânica.Sisal is a renewable agricultural resource adapted to the hostile climatic and soil conditions particularly encountered in the semi-arid areas of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, located in Northeastern Brazil. Consequently, sisal has played a

Uso da Fibra de Coco em Betão

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Gonçalves, Stephanie Assunção

2016-01-01

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as resistências à compressão axial, tração por compressão diametral e tração na flexão, módulos de elasticidade estático e dinâmico do betão reforçado com fibra de coco (BRFC), tendo como referência o betão preparado sem a adição de fibra. A escolha da fibra natural decorreu da necessidade de utilizar os resíduos gerados pelo consumo do coco verde. Sendo assim, este trabalho apresenta uma breve história do betão, suas propriedades, tipos de fibras...

A longitudinal investigation of mortality in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

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Franko, Debra L; Keshaviah, Aparna; Eddy, Kamryn T; Krishna, Meera; Davis, Martha C; Keel, Pamela K; Herzog, David B

2013-08-01

OBJECTIVE Although anorexia nervosa has a high mortality rate, our understanding of the timing and predictors of mortality in eating disorders is limited. The authors investigated mortality in a long-term study of patients with eating disorders. METHOD Beginning in 1987, 246 treatment-seeking female patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa were interviewed every 6 months for a median of 9.5 years to obtain weekly ratings of eating disorder symptoms, comorbidity, treatment participation, and psychosocial functioning. From January 2007 to December 2010 (median follow-up of 20 years), vital status was ascertained with a National Death Index search. RESULTS Sixteen deaths (6.5%) were recorded (lifetime anorexia nervosa, N=14; bulimia nervosa with no history of anorexia nervosa, N=2). The standardized mortality ratio was 4.37 (95% CI=2.4-7.3) for lifetime anorexia nervosa and 2.33 (95% CI=0.3-8.4) for bulimia nervosa with no history of anorexia nervosa. Risk of premature death among patients with lifetime anorexia nervosa peaked within the first 10 years of follow-up, resulting in a standardized mortality ratio of 7.7 (95% CI=3.7-14.2). The standardized mortality ratio varied by duration of illness and was 3.2 (95% CI=0.9-8.3) for patients with lifetime anorexia nervosa for 0 to 15 years (4/119 died), and 6.6 (95% CI=3.2-12.1) for those with lifetime anorexia nervosa for >15 to 30 years (10/67 died). Multivariate predictors of mortality included alcohol abuse, low body mass index, and poor social adjustment. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the need for early identification and intervention and suggest that a long duration of illness, substance abuse, low weight, and poor psychosocial functioning raise the risk for mortality in anorexia nervosa.

Recovery From Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa at 22-Year Follow-Up.

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Eddy, Kamryn T; Tabri, Nassim; Thomas, Jennifer J; Murray, Helen B; Keshaviah, Aparna; Hastings, Elizabeth; Edkins, Katherine; Krishna, Meera; Herzog, David B; Keel, Pamela K; Franko, Debra L

2017-02-01

The course of eating disorders is often protracted, with fewer than half of adults achieving recovery from anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Some argue for palliative management when duration exceeds a decade, yet outcomes beyond 20 years are rarely described. This study investigates early and long-term recovery in the Massachusetts General Hospital Longitudinal Study of Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa. Females with DSM-III-R/DSM-IV anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa were assessed at 9 and at 20 to 25 years of follow-up (mean [SD] = 22.10 [1.10] years; study initiated in 1987, last follow-up conducted in 2013) via structured clinical interview (Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation of Eating Disorders [LIFE-EAT-II]). Seventy-seven percent of the original cohort was re-interviewed, and multiple imputation was used to include all surviving participants from the original cohort (N = 228). Kaplan-Meier curves estimated recovery by 9-year follow-up, and McNemar test examined concordance between recovery at 9-year and 22-year follow-up. At 22-year follow-up, 62.8% of participants with anorexia nervosa and 68.2% of participants with bulimia nervosa recovered, compared to 31.4% of participants with anorexia nervosa and 68.2% of participants with bulimia nervosa by 9-year follow-up. Approximately half of those with anorexia nervosa who had not recovered by 9 years progressed to recovery at 22 years. Early recovery was associated with increased likelihood of long-term recovery in anorexia nervosa (odds ratio [OR] = 10.5; 95% CI, 3.77-29.28; McNemar χ²₁ = 31.39; P bulimia nervosa (OR = 1.0; 95% CI, 0.49-2.05; McNemar χ²₁ = 0; P = 1.0). At 22 years, approximately two-thirds of females with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa were recovered. Recovery from bulimia nervosa happened earlier, but recovery from anorexia nervosa continued over the long term, arguing against the implementation of palliative care for most individuals with eating disorders. © Copyright

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A meta-analysis of executive functioning.

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Hirst, Rayna B; Beard, Charlotte L; Colby, Katrina A; Quittner, Zoe; Mills, Brent M; Lavender, Jason M

2017-12-01

Research investigating the link between eating disorder (ED) diagnosis and executive dysfunction has had conflicting results, yet no meta-analyses have examined the overall association of ED pathology with executive functioning (EF). Effect sizes were extracted from 32 studies comparing ED groups (27 of anorexia nervosa, 9 of bulimia nervosa) with controls to determine the grand mean effect on EF. Analyses included effects for individual EF measures, as well as an age-based subgroup analysis. There was a medium effect of ED diagnosis on executive functioning, with bulimia nervosa demonstrating a larger effect (Hedges's g=-0.70) than anorexia nervosa (g=-0.41). Within anorexia nervosa studies, subgroup analyses were conducted for age and diagnostic subtype. The effect of anorexia nervosa on EF was largest in adults; however, subgroup differences for age were not significant. Anorexia and bulimia nervosa are associated with EF deficits, which are particularly notable for individuals with bulimia nervosa. The present analysis includes recommendations for future studies regarding study design and EF measurement. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reprodutibilidade do exame de medida da camada de fibras nervosas da retina por meio da polarimetria de varredura a laser Reproducibility of retinal nerve fiber layer measurement by scanning laser polarimetry

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Fernanda Bon Duarte

1999-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Analisar a reprodutibilidade das medidas da espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina intra e inter-observador. Material e Métodos: As medidas da camada de fibras nervosas foram realizadas em 26 olhos normais por três examinadores diferentes, os quais tomaram três imagens de cada olho. Com base nestas imagens foi executada a média das imagens pelo programa do aparelho. A cada examinador foi solicitado que escolhesse a melhor imagem para cada exame. Foram analisados os resultados obtidos com a melhor imagem, bem como os da média das imagens. Foi calculada a média da espessura da camada de fibras nervosas nas regiões superior, nasal, temporal e inferior e suas relações. Determinou-se a reprodutibilidade nestas circunstâncias tanto inter como intra-observador por meio de teste de análise de variância por postos de Friedman. Resultados: Na análise intra-observador houve ótima reprodutibilidade do exame. Para o examinador G (glaucomatólogo os valores de p foram os seguintes: região superior = 0,48; inferior = 0,89; temporal = 0,30 e nasal = 0,89. Para o examinador R (residente os valores de p foram os seguintes: região superior = 0,89; inferior = 0,24; temporal = 0,89 e nasal = 0,30 e para o examinador T (tecnóloga os valores de p foram os seguintes: região superior = 0,76; inferior = 0,70; temporal = 0,22 e nasal = 0,63. Na análise inter-observador, não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante das variáveis isoladas considerando-se a média das imagens (p superior = 0,52; inferior = 0,37; temporal = 0,43 e nasal = 0,52. Considerando-se as relações entre as regiões temos que apenas a relação S/I mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante. As demais relações: S/T, S/N, I/T, I/N e T/N não mostraram diferença estatisticamente significante. Para a melhor imagem observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre os três examinadores para as variáveis superior/temporal (p = 0

Treatments of medical complications of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

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Mehler, Philip S; Krantz, Mori J; Sachs, Katherine V

2015-01-01

Inherent to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are a plethora of medical complications which correlate with the severity of weight loss or the frequency and mode of purging. Yet, the encouraging fact is that most of these medical complications are treatable and reversible with definitive care and cessation of the eating-disordered behaviours. Herein, these treatments are described for both the medical complications of anorexia nervosa and those which are a result of bulimia nervosa.

Sexual function of women suffering from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

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Gonidakis, Fragiskos; Kravvariti, Vasilliki; Varsou, Eleftheria

2015-01-01

The cross-sectional study aimed at examining the sexual function of young adult women suffering from eating disorders. The authors interviewed 53 women (26 with anorexia nervosa and 27 with bulimia nervosa) and 58 female students. Each participant was administered the Female Sexual Function Index, the Eating Attitudes Test, the Body Shape Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Comparisons among the 3 groups showed that patients with anorexia nervosa scored lower in each Female Sexual Function Index subscale than did healthy controls. There was no significant difference between bulimia nervosa and healthy controls. Sexual functionality of patients with anorexia nervosa was correlated only with body mass index (r = 0.5, p =.01). Sexual functionality of patients with bulimia nervosa was correlated only with the Beck Depression Inventory (r = -0.4, p =.03) Patients with anorexia nervosa had more disturbed sexual function than did controls. Sexual function can be related to the level of starvation and symptoms of depression.

Initial evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

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Harrington, Brian C; Jimerson, Michelle; Haxton, Christina; Jimerson, David C

2015-01-01

Eating disorders are life-threatening conditions that are challenging to address; however, the primary care setting provides an important opportunity for critical medical and psychosocial intervention. The recently published Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed., includes updated diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa (e.g., elimination of amenorrhea as a diagnostic criterion) and for bulimia nervosa (e.g., criterion for frequency of binge episodes decreased to an average of once per week). In addition to the role of environmental triggers and societal expectations of body size and shape, research has suggested that genes and discrete biochemical signals contribute to the development of eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa occur most often in adolescent females and are often accompanied by depression and other comorbid psychiatric disorders. For low-weight patients with anorexia nervosa, virtually all physiologic systems are affected, ranging from hypotension and osteopenia to life-threatening arrhythmias, often requiring emergent assessment and hospitalization for metabolic stabilization. In patients with frequent purging or laxative abuse, the presence of electrolyte abnormalities requires prompt intervention. Family-based treatment is helpful for adolescents with anorexia nervosa, whereas short-term psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavior therapy, is effective for most patients with bulimia nervosa. The use of psychotropic medications is limited for anorexia nervosa, whereas treatment studies have shown a benefit of antidepressant medications for patients with bulimia nervosa. Treatment is most effective when it includes a multidisciplinary, teambased approach.

Análise da camada de fibras nervosas da retina em portadores de enxaqueca com aura Retinal nerve fiber layer measurements in patients with migraine with aura

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Felipe Andrade Medeiros

2001-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Avaliar as possíveis alterações na camada de fibras nervosas da retina (CFNR em pacientes com enxaqueca com aura, detectada por meio da polarimetria de varredura a laser. Métodos: Vinte pacientes com enxaqueca com aura e vinte indivíduos normais foram estudados. Os critérios de inclusão para os dois grupos compreenderam: idade de pelo menos 18 anos; ausência de história de doenças oculares, exceto erro refracional ou estrabismo; e ausência de história familiar de hipertensão ocular ou glaucoma. Foram excluídos pacientes com erro refracional maior que 5 DE e/ou 2 DC; acuidade visual corrigida menor que 20/40; pressão intra-ocular maior que 21 mmHg; discos ópticos anômalos ou com escavação maior que 0,5 ou assimetria de escavação maior que 0,2; ou com presença de doenças retinianas concomitantes. Os pacientes foram submetidos a exame de campo visual (Humphrey 30-2 e análise da CFNR com a polarimetria a laser (GDx - Nerve Fiber Analyzer. Um olho de cada paciente foi randomizado para análise estatística. Resultados: Nenhum dos pacientes do grupo controle apresentou defeitos de campo visual. Nove olhos (45% dos pacientes com enxaqueca tiveram anormalidades de campo visual além de 95% do intervalo de confiança do normal, como indicado pelos índices MD, CPSD ou GHT. Os valores de retardo no setor superior da CFNR dos pacientes com enxaqueca foram significativamente menor que no grupo controle (p=0,005. Não houve diferença significativa entre os valores de retardo dos dois grupos nas medidas globais e nos setores inferior, nasal e temporal. Conclusão: As medidas de retardo obtidas com a polarimetria a laser foram significativamente menores na porção superior da CFNR dos pacientes com enxaqueca com aura, sugerindo possível dano isquêmico às fibras nervosas, relacionadas à enxaqueca.Purpose: To evaluate the possible alterations of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL, as detected by scanning laser polarimetry

Plan estratégico Sudamericana de Fibras (2016-2020)

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Herrera Chávez, Santiago; Leyva Forcelledo, Johanna; Ríos Oroz, Erika

2016-01-01

La presente investigación tiene como finalidad elaborar un plan estratégico para la empresa Sudamericana de Fibras S.A.; así como proponer recomendaciones con el fin que pueda crecer, en los niveles local y regional, con un modelo sostenible. La empresa Sudamericana de Fibras S.A. opera en el país desde el año 1972 y se dedica a la elaboración de fibras acrílicas, material que se encuentra al inicio de la cadena de suministro en el rubro textil, y permite otorgar propiedades extraordinarias a...

Bulimia nervosa

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Hay, Phillipa J; Claudino, Angélica Medeiros

2010-01-01

Up to 1% of young women may have bulimia nervosa, characterised by an intense preoccupation with body weight, uncontrolled binge-eating episodes, and use of extreme measures to counteract the feared effects of overeating. People with bulimia nervosa may be of normal weight, making it difficult to diagnose.Obesity has been associated with both an increased risk of bulimia nervosa and a worse prognosis, as have personality disorders and substance misuse.After 10 years, about half of people w...

Anorexia Nervosa/Atypical Anorexia Nervosa.

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Moskowitz, Lindsay; Weiselberg, Eric

2017-04-01

Anorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate among all psychiatric illnesses, as it can result in significant psychopathology along with life-threatening medical complications. Atypical anorexia nervosa is a new variant described in the latest DSM edition, which has much in common with anorexia nervosa and also can result in significant morbidity and mortality. The evolution of the criteria for these illnesses is reviewed, and the two are compared and contrasted in this article. Important labs to monitor for in those with these illnesses, along with an emphasis on the monitoring of vital signs and weight, are reviewed here. The necessity for close psychiatric monitoring of safety concerns, including suicidal thoughts, is also stressed. The etiology and the treatment of these illnesses are reviewed from a biopsychosocial approach; and lastly, the prognosis of these illnesses is discussed. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Obtenção de cerâmicas ferroelétricas de Gd2Mo3O12 e o puxamento de fibras monocristalinas

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Ferrari C. R.

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Nesse trabalho abordamos a obtenção do material cerâmico Gd2Mo3O12 na sua fase beta, denominado beta-GMO, utilizando-se do método convencional de mistura de óxidos e reação do estado sólido. MoO3 e o Gd2O3 nas razões molares 3:1 e 3,25:1 foram usados como pós de partida. Cerâmicas sinterizadas foram usadas como pedestais e sementes na produção de fibras monocristalinas pela técnica Laser Heated Pedestal Growth- LHPG. A cerâmica com fase única Gd2Mo3O12 foi melhor obtida usando a razão molar 3:1 entre os pós de partida. Por outro lado, fibras cristalinas obtidas a partir de pedestais cerâmicos com excesso de MoO3 apresentaram melhor qualidade óptica e a estequiometria desejada.

Anorexia Nervosa and Bulima Nervosa Critical Analysis of It's Treatment: Implications and Interventions

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Flourish Itulua-Abumere

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The diagnostic consideration of the eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa has been given much focus over the last two decades than previously, as clinicians have become more aware of the frequency of these disorders and the difficulties associated with their treatment. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa as known in the DSM-IV as eating disorders are characterized by physically and/or psychologically harmful eating patterns. Although the psychological explanation of what we now call anorexia nervosa have been known about for centuries, it has only recently attracted much interest, due to greater public knowledge and increased incidence (according to Gross and MclLveen 2006, the latter claim has been disputed. Most people suffering from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa start by fasting. Anorexia nervosa is a deliberate self-starvation. A person whose body weight is less than expected for his or her body height and weight is considered to be anorexic. In contract, bulimia involves binge eating a large quantity of food followed by purging by self-induced vomiting, enemas, laxatives, or diuretics.

Anorexia nervosa e bulimia nervosa: abordagem cognitivo-construtivista de psicoterapia Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: a psychotherapeutic cognitive-constructivist approach

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Cristiano Nabuco de Abreu

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Dos transtornos alimentares, a anorexia nervosa e a bulimia nervosa são os que mais têm levado pacientes adolescentes, geralmente do sexo feminino e cada vez mais jovens, a buscar ajuda. Essa ajuda se dá através de um tratamento multidisciplinar envolvendo médicos psiquiatras, psicólogos e nutricionistas. A psicoterapia tem se mostrado um componente eficaz para a melhora dessas pacientes. O presente artigo tem por objetivo expor uma proposta de tratamento psicoterápico a partir da abordagem cognitivo-construtivista.Among the eating disorders, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are the ones that have made adolescent patients - often females and aged younger and younger - seek for help. This help is provided through a multidisciplinary treatment involving psychiatrists, psychologists and dietists. Psychotherapy has shown to be an efficient component for these patients' improvement. The present article aims at presenting a proposal of psychotherapeutic treatment based on a cognitive-constructivist approach.

Avaliação da espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina e mácula em pacientes com ambliopia Thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, macular thickness, in patients with amblyopia

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Juliana Mitre

2010-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina em olhos amblíopes e comparar com olhos normais e certificar se há correlação com a redução da acuidade visual. Além disso, este estudo se propõe avaliar a eficácia e eficiência em uma série de casos do protótipo de um equipamento nacional de magnificação para leitura. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 30 pacientes na faixa etária entre 9 e 80 anos (17 do sexo masculino. Foi desenvolvido um aparelho portátil, patenteado pela Unifesp (PI#020050145260, com um sistema de captura de imagens acoplado a um monitor de 5,6 polegadas proporcionando um aumento de 15 x. Foram analisadas a eficácia da acuidade visual e a eficiência de leitura após a utilização do protótipo proposto. RESULTADOS: Seis pacientes (20% apresentaram AV 8M, 12 pacientes (40% apresentaram AV 6M, 7 pacientes (23,3% apresentaram 5 M, 5 pacientes (16,7% apresentaram 4M. A média de acuidade visual antes da utilização do SLP medida pela tabela LHNV-1 logMAR foi de 5,75M e após a utilização 100% dos pacientes atingiram a eficácia de AV J1. CONCLUSÃO: O protótipo do SLP mostrou-se um recurso alternativo no processo de inclusão social das pessoas com baixa visão com diferentes níveis de resíduo visual. Também pode proporcionar incentivo psicológico, permitir conforto, mobilidade e independência àqueles que necessitam de uma leitura mais prolongada e maior distância de trabalho.OBJECTIVE: To compare the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFLand the macular thickness of the amblyopic eye with those of the non-amblyopic eye in patients with unilateral amblyopia using optical coherence tomography (OCT. METHODS: OCT was performed for13 patients with unilateral amblyopia who had no neurologic disease. Nine male andfour female patients, whose ages ranged from 23 to 63 years, were enrolled in the study. The RNFL thickness average analysis program was used to evaluate mean

Biological Aspects of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Kaplan, Allan S.; Woodside, D. Blake

1987-01-01

Reviews biological factors relevant to the understanding of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Considers the physical presentation of these disorders; the medical complications of starvation, binging, and purging; and the cognitive and behavioral effects of starvation. Reviews neurophysiological and neurochemical aspects of these illnesses and…

Efeito do exercício resistido na redução do edema, nocicepção e regeneração nervosa em um modelo de compressão do nervo isquiático = Effect of resistance training on the reduction of edema, nociception, and nerve regeneration in a sciatic nerve compression model

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Antunes, Juliana Sobral

2016-01-01

Conclusões: O exercício físico resistido de subida em escada, nos parâmetros propostos, não foi eficaz para reduzir o edema, a nocicepção ou aumentar o número de axônios e a densidade de fibras nervosas após lesão do nervo isquiático

Epidemiology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in Bornholm County, Denmark, 1970-1989

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pagsberg, A K; Wang, A R

1994-01-01

In a retrospective study of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, potential cases were traced, studied, and diagnosed according to ICD-10. Forty-two cases were found in Bornholm County, comprising the island of Bornholm in Denmark, in a population of 47,000 from 1970 to 1989. Less than half...... the number of cases in the population year by year, also increased during the late part of the study period. In 1989 the incidence rate of the high-risk group of females 10 to 24 years of age was 136 per 100,000 for anorexia nervosa and 45 per 100,000 for bulimia nervosa, and the prevalence rate was 222 per...... 100,000 for anorexia nervosa and 89 per 100,000 for bulimia nervosa....

Padronização da determinação da velocidade de condução nervosa sensitiva dos nervos tibial e peroneal de cães clinicamente sadios, pela utilização de eletrodos de superfície

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Feitosa M.M.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a padronização dos valores de referência de velocidade de condução nervosa sensitiva dos nervos tibial e peroneal em cães clinicamente sadios, pela utilização de eletrodos de superfície. Em todos os sítios de estimulação, captação, referência e terra foram utilizados eletrodos do "tipo jacaré", exceto na captação do estímulo no nervo peroneal, próximo à articulação fêmur-tibial, onde o registro só foi possível com a utilização de eletrodo de agulha. Foram utilizados 30 cães, 11 machos e 19 fêmeas, sem raça definida, com idade entre dois e seis anos. Os valores médios das medidas dos potenciais evocados pela estimulação sensitiva dos nervos tibial e peroneal foram: latência inicial, 1,82±0,30ms (1,30 a 2,55ms e 1,57±0,29ms (1,01 a 2,16ms, amplitude de pico a pico, 96,48±45,78miV (41,6 a 214miV e 121,25±57,49miV (54,8 a 299miV e duração, 1,97±0,69ms (1,01 a 3,56ms e 2,37±0,85ms (1,11 a 3,94ms, respectivamente. Os valores médios das medidas de velocidade de condução nervosa sensitiva dos nervos tibial e peroneal foram, respectivamente, 62,14+7,71ms (50,0 a 77,2ms e 65,18+6,42ms (53,8 a 79,2ms, respectivamente.

Binge eating as a meaningful experience in bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa: a qualitative analysis.

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Eli, Karin

2015-12-01

Clinical studies describe binge eating as a reaction to hunger, negative affect, or the need to dissociate. However, little is known about the meanings that women with bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa associate with binge eating. To examine how women with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa interpret their experiences of binge eating. Sixteen women who engaged in binge eating and had been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or their subclinical variants were interviewed about their experiences of eating disorder. Interview data were analyzed using phenomenologically-informed thematic analysis. Participants described binge eating as a practice through which the self experiences a sense of release, and existential emptiness is replaced by overwhelming fullness. Meaningful experiences of release and fullness are central to binge eating in bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa, and may contribute to the long-term maintenance of this practice.

Morteros Reforzados con Fibras de Bambú

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Arbeláez Arce Anacilia

1997-12-01

Full Text Available El término fibras de bambú, hace referencia al material de desecho (aserrín, seleccionado por diferencia de peso, en inmersión en agua. Se atiene a la definición de fibras que presentan la Norma ASTM C-JI16-89 "Standard Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete ". Se estudian las propiedades físico-mecánicas del mortero 1.3, reforzado con 15, 50 y 100 kg de fibras de bambú, por metro cúbico de mortero, con el objeto de determinar la factibilidad de uso de este material, como matriz para muros estructurales. En el caso de matrices de mortero reforzados para paneles, además de determinar el porcentaje de refuerzo, que permita mantener la resistencia mecánica dentro de los límites establecidos,éste debe lograr un control en el agrietamiento. De hecho en condiciones normales bajo carga, el agrietamiento es inevitable, sea cual fuere la cantidad y calidad de refuerzo usado: Sinembargo, las fibras tienen la propiedad de controlar la propagación del agrietamiento ypor ende transformaruna matrizfrágil, en un material con cierto grado de ductilidad. Los compuestos son probados a compresión axial, flexión e impacto. Las propiedades físicas de absorción de humedad ycontracciones por secado se miden en probetas con dosificación deporcentaje de refuerzo seleccionado de las pruebas mecánicas.

Síndrome de Straatsma. Caso familiar de mielinización de fibras nerviosas

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Fanny Campos-Jiménez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En condiciones normales sólo ocurre mielinización de fibras del nervio óptico por detrás de la lámina cribosa, pero se observa mielinización de parte de la capa de fibras nerviosas de la retina en el 0.32% a 0.98% de los pacientes. la mielinización intraocular generalmente es yuxtapapilar, y las fibras toman un aspecto característico: manchas blancas, nacaradas, parecidas a una pluma, que siguen la dirección de las fibras de la retina y a veces ocultan la papila. Aparte de estas características fundoscópicas, la mayoría de los pacientes son normales. Se ha encontrado que puede haber una asociación entre la mielinización de las fibras de la retina y una miopía ipsilateral, y también se ha observado ambliopía y estrabismo. Se describe un caso de mielinización de fibras nerviosas, en madre e hija, hecho que sugiere un factor genético en su génesis.

Cardiac changes in anorexia nervosa.

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Spaulding-Barclay, Michael A; Stern, Jessica; Mehler, Philip S

2016-04-01

Introduction Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder, which is associated with many different medical complications as a result of the weight loss and malnutrition that characterise this illness. It has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder. A large portion of deaths are attributable to the cardiac abnormalities that ensue as a result of the malnutrition associated with anorexia nervosa. In this review, the cardiac complications of anorexia nervosa will be discussed. A comprehensive literature review on cardiac changes in anorexia nervosa was carried out. There are structural, functional, and rhythm-type changes that occur in patients with anorexia nervosa. These become progressively significant as ongoing weight loss occurs. Cardiac changes are inherent to anorexia nervosa and they become more life-threatening and serious as the anorexia nervosa becomes increasingly severe. Weight restoration and attention to these cardiac changes are crucial for a successful treatment outcome.

Psychopharmacotherapy of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder.

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Krüger, S; Kennedy, S H

2000-11-01

Pharmacotherapy for anorexia nervosa is considered to be of limited efficacy. However, many studies suffer methodological limitations, and the utility of newer drugs in the treatment of anorexia has not been examined yet. Although there have been more fruitful investigations on the efficacy of medication in the management of bulimia nervosa, there are still many unresolved issues regarding the optimal management of partial remission during the acute treatment phase and the intensity and duration of pharmacotherapy to achieve optimal prophylaxis. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) control the binge urges in binge-eating disorder, but more trials are required to investigate the utility of SSRIs and other agents in maintenance treatment. We review the current status of psychopharmacotherapy for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder and evaluate the merits of newer agents in the treatment of these disorders.

Psychopharmacotherapy of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder

Science.gov (United States)

Kruger, S; Kennedy, SH

2000-01-01

Pharmacotherapy for anorexia nervosa is considered to be of limited efficacy. However, many studies suffer methodological limitations, and the utility of newer drugs in the treatment of anorexia has not been examined yet. Although there have been more fruitful investigations on the efficacy of medication in the management of bulimia nervosa, there are still many unresolved issues regarding the optimal management of partial remission during the acute treatment phase and the intensity and duration of pharmacotherapy to achieve optimal prophylaxis. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) control the binge urges in binge-eating disorder, but more trials are required to investigate the utility of SSRIs and other agents in maintenance treatment. We review the current status of psychopharmacotherapy for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder and evaluate the merits of newer agents in the treatment of these disorders. PMID:11109300

Optic coherence tomography in a patient with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis Tomografia de coerência óptica em neuretinite subaguda difusa unilateral

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Alexandre Henrique Gomes

2009-04-01

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To measure retinal nervous fiber layer (RNFL thickness using OCT3 (Carl-Zeiss in patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN with or without live worm and correlate it with visual acuity. METHODS: RNFL thickness, using RNFL thickness 3.4 program and best corrected visual acuity were measured in patients with DUSN between January 2005 and December 2006. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients, aged 9 - 42 years were selected, of whom 20 had live worm. Mean RNFL was 71.55 ± 27.26 in the DUSN eye and 103.07 ± 20.66 in the contralateral eye (pOBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso do OCT3 (Carl-Zeiss para medir a espessura da camada de fibras nervosas em pacientes com neuroretinite unilateral subaguda difusa (DUSN e correlacionar com a acuidade visual. MÉTODOS: Foi medido a espessura da camada de fibras nervosas, utilizando programa "RNFL thickness 3.4" e a melhor acuidade visual de pacientes com DUSN entre janeiro de 2005 e dezembro 2006. RESULTADOS: Trinta e oito pacientes, com idade entre 9-42 anos foram selecionados para este estudo, sendo que 20 casos apresentavam larva viva localizada. A média da RNFL foi 71,55 ± 27,26 nos olhos com DUSN e 103,07 ± 20,66 nos olhos contralaterais (p<0,001. Correlação de Pearson entre a acuidade visual e a espessura da camada de fibras nervosas foi r= -0,522 (p<0,001 nos olhos com DUSN e r= -0,097 (p=0,509 nos olhos contralaterais. CONCLUSÃO: A espessura da camada de fibras nervosas de pacientes com DUSN apresenta uma correlação diretamente proporcional com a acuidade visual. Novos estudos são necessários para reforçar a correlação entre a acuidade visual e a espessura da camada de fibras nervosas nos pacientes com DUSN com a finalidade de acompanhar os pacientes após o tratamento.

Características físico-química, energética e dimensões das fibras de três espécies florestais do semiárido brasileiro

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Juarez Benigno Paes

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as características físico-química, energética e dimensões das fibras das madeiras de angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, jurema-preta (Mimosa tenuiflora e jurema-vermelha (Mimosa arenosa, espécies de ocorrência no Semiárido Brasileiro e empregadas para energia. Para tanto, foram colhidas cinco árvores de cada espécie estudada. A caracterização física foi realizada no Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Florestais (LTPF da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande e a caracterização química e a análise das dimensões das fibras no Laboratório de Papel e Celulose da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. De modo geral, as madeiras ensaiadas tiveram características físicas e dimensões das fibras semelhantes. Quanto às características químicas, a jurema-preta teve maior solubilidade em álcool:tolueno, maior teor de lignina total e menores teores de holocelulose e cinzas do que as demais espécies, tendo três vezes menos cinzas do que a madeira de angico-vermelho e a metade do apresentado pela jurema-vermelha.

[Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Psychological considerations for its treatment].

Science.gov (United States)

Barriguete Meléndez, J Armando; Rojo, Luis; Emmelhainz, Marisa

2004-11-01

It is presented the current perspectives in the study and treatment of the eating disorders, in specific: anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, epidemiology, and the interface among the different medical specialties, nutrition and sciences of the behavior, the diagnostic approaches, instruments and current therapeutic models.

CONCRETO REFORZADO CON FIBRA NATURAL DE ORIGEN ANIMAL (PLUMAS DE AVES)

OpenAIRE

Díaz Cabrejos, Pablo; Universidad Señor de Sipán SAC

2016-01-01

Para mejorar las propiedades del concreto como la resistencia y la durabilidad ha sido investigado a través de los años. Con ayuda de la tecnología se han obtenido óptimos diseños para concretos reforzados con fibras pero su aplicación comercial aún está limitada debido a que estas fibras incrementan el costo.Con la presente investigación se pretende determinar el contenido óptimo de las fibras en el concreto teniendo en cuenta la inhibición causadas por la contracción plástica. Se estudiará ...

Medical Complications of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia.

Science.gov (United States)

Westmoreland, Patricia; Krantz, Mori J; Mehler, Philip S

2016-01-01

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are serious psychiatric illnesses related to disordered eating and distorted body images. They both have significant medical complications associated with the weight loss and malnutrition of anorexia nervosa, as well as from the purging behaviors that characterize bulimia nervosa. No body system is spared from the adverse sequelae of these illnesses, especially as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa become more severe and chronic. We review the medical complications that are associated with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, as well as the treatment for the complications. We also discuss the epidemiology and psychiatric comorbidities of these eating disorders. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Estudio sobre la inclusión de fibra dietética en productos reestructurados de pescado

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Sánchez Alonso, Isabel

2009-01-01

El objetivo principal de esta memoria es el estudio tecnológico de la inclusión de fibra dietética en músculo de pescado picado y geles elaborados a partir de surimi, ambos conservados en estado congelado. Se estudian dos tipos de fibra dietética: A/ fibra de trigo y B/ concentrado de fibra dietética antioxidante obtenido a partir de subproductos de la industria vinícola. Los dos tipos de fibras dietéticas elegidas, presentan propiedades muy diferentes en sus diversos aspectos funcional-tecno...

[Anorexia nervosa in boys].

Science.gov (United States)

Dalem, I; Piccinin, B; Lerminiaux, D; Ansseau, M

2000-12-01

Anorexia nervosa is a severe and potentially fatal disorder that generally affects adolescent girls. However, a small number of boys also suffer from anorexia nervosa. Through an analysis of a series of studies and articles, a synthesis of male anorexia nervosa is offered, with emphasis on the differences of the illness between boys and girls. A clinical case is provided as an illustration of this article.

Do Mortality Rates in Eating Disorders Change over Time? A Longitudinal Look at Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

Science.gov (United States)

Franko, Debra L.; Keshaviah, Aparna; Eddy, Kamryn T.; Krishna, Meera; Davis, Martha C.; Keel, Pamela K.; Herzog, David B.

2014-01-01

Objective Although anorexia nervosa has a high mortality rate, our understanding of the timing and predictors of mortality in eating disorders is limited. The authors investigated mortality in a long-term study of patients with eating disorders. Method Beginning in 1987, 246 treatment-seeking women with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa were interviewed every 6 months for a median of 9.5 years to obtain weekly ratings of eating disorder symptoms, comorbidity, treatment participation, and psychosocial functioning. From January 2007 to December 2010 (median follow-up of 20 years), vital status was ascertained with a National Death Index search. Results Sixteen deaths (6.5%) were recorded (lifetime anorexia nervosa, N=14; bulimia nervosa with no history of anorexia nervosa, N=2). The standardized mortality ratio was 4.37 [95% CI=2.4-7.3] for lifetime anorexia nervosa and 2.33 [95% CI=0.3-8.4] for bulimia nervosa with no history of anorexia nervosa. Risk of premature death among women with lifetime anorexia nervosa peaked within the first 10 years of follow-up resulting in a standardized mortality ratio of 7.7 [95% CI=3.7-14.2]. The standardized mortality ratio varied by duration of illness and was 3.2 [95% CI=0.9-8.3] for women with lifetime anorexia nervosa for 0-15 years (4/119 died), and 6.6 [95% CI=3.2-12.1] for women with lifetime anorexia nervosa for >15-30 years (10/67 died). Multivariate predictors of mortality included alcohol abuse (panorexia nervosa. PMID:23771148

Controlled family study of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: evidence of shared liability and transmission of partial syndromes.

Science.gov (United States)

Strober, M; Freeman, R; Lampert, C; Diamond, J; Kaye, W

2000-03-01

Lifetime rates of full and partial anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa were determined in first-degree relatives of diagnostically pure proband groups and relatives of matched, never-ill comparison subjects. Rates of each eating disorder were obtained for 1,831 relatives of 504 probands on the basis of personal structured clinical interviews and family history. Best-estimate diagnoses based on all available information were rendered without knowledge of proband status and pedigree identity. Only definite and probable diagnoses were considered. Whereas anorexia nervosa was rare in families of the comparison subjects, full and partial syndromes of anorexia nervosa aggregated in female relatives of both anorexic and bulimic probands. For the full syndrome of anorexia nervosa, the relative risks were 11.3 and 12.3 in female relatives of anorexic and bulimic probands, respectively. Bulimia nervosa was more common than anorexia nervosa in female relatives of comparison subjects, but it, too, aggregated in the families of ill probands; the corresponding relative risks for bulimia nervosa were 4.2 and 4.4 for female relatives of anorexic and bulimic probands, respectively. When partial syndromes of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa were considered, relative risks fell by one-half in each group of ill probands. Both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are familial. Their cross-transmission in families suggests a common, or shared, familial diathesis. The additional observation that familial aggregation and cross-transmission extend to milder phenotypes suggests the validity of their inclusion in a continuum of familial liability.

Hormigones de alta resistencia con nano-adiciones y fibras de acero

OpenAIRE

Alizo Mirabal, Manuel Arturo

2015-01-01

El presente Trabajo Fin de Máster consistió en determinar la influencia que pueden poseer las nano-adiciones de Sílice y Alúmina y fibras de acero en un Hormigón de Alta Resistencia. Partiendo de una dosificación de Hormigón de Alta Resistencia conocida, que contenía humo de Sílice (10%) y fibras de poliolefina (3kg/m3), se les procedió a sustituir por la incorporación de nano-adiciones de Sílice y Alúmina (7% y 3% respectivamente) y añadiendo fibras de acero en lugar de poliolefina. En el pr...

Bulimia Nervosa/Purging Disorder.

Science.gov (United States)

Castillo, Marigold; Weiselberg, Eric

2017-04-01

Bulimia nervosa was first described in 1979 by British psychiatrist Gerald Russell as a "chronic phase of anorexia nervosa" in which patients overeat and then use compensatory mechanisms, such as self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or prolonged periods of starvation. The characterization of bulimia nervosa continues to evolve with the introduction of the DSM-5 in 2013. In this article, the epidemiology and risk factors of bulimia nervosa are identified and reviewed, along with the medical complications and psychiatric comorbidities. The evaluation of a patient with suspected bulimia nervosa is addressed, with an emphasis on acquiring a complete and thorough history as well as discovering any comorbidities that are present. Management of the patient involves both medical interventions and behavioral counseling in order to address physical, psychological, and social needs. Lastly, a new diagnosis introduced in the DSM-5, purging disorder, is described and discussed. Copyright © 2017 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Interpersonal psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

McIntosh, V V; Bulik, C M; McKenzie, J M; Luty, S E; Jordan, J

2000-03-01

This paper outlines the rationale for treating individuals with anorexia nervosa using interpersonal psychotherapy. We review theoretical, empirical, and psychotherapy literature relating to interpersonal functioning in anorexia nervosa. Etiological theories emphasize interpersonal and family dysfunction in the development of anorexia nervosa. Research supports the notion that families of individuals with anorexia nervosa have dysfunctional patterns of communication. The history of treatment for anorexia nervosa emphasizes the need for resolution of interpersonal dysfunction, within the traditions of psychodynamic, family therapy, and multidimensional therapies. Interpersonal psychotherapy is a time-limited psychotherapy based on the notion that regardless of etiology, interpersonal relationships are intertwined with symptomatology. The goals of the therapy are to improve interpersonal functioning and thereby decrease symptomatology. Factors identified as important in the development of anorexia nervosa are readily conceptualized within the interpersonal psychotherapy problem areas of grief, interpersonal disputes, interpersonal deficits, and role transitions. Copyright 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Estudo da competitividade das empresas brasileiras do setor de fibras e filamentos químicos por meio do modelo de campos e armas da competição

OpenAIRE

Nave , João Góes Bizarro da

2007-01-01

A globalização dos mercados vem fazendo exigências de competitividade para todas as empresas, independentemente de seu porte. Um dos setores que mais foi afetado pela abertura da economia brasileira foi o setor têxtil, cuja cadeia produtiva passou por muitas transformações nos últimos anos. Dentro desta cadeia, um dos elos de maior destaque em avanços tecnológicos, diferenciação e, consequentemente, valor agregado, é o elo das empresas produtoras de fibras e filamentos artificiais e sintético...

Caracterização mecânica e morfológica de compósitos de polipropileno e fibras de coco verde: influência do teor de fibra e das condições de mistura Mechanical and morphological characterization of polypropylene and green coconut fiber composites: influence of fiber content and mixture conditions

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Marina H. Ishizaki

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Compósitos de polipropileno com 10, 20 e 30% em volume de fibra de coco verde foram obtidos em câmara de mistura Haake, tendo como variáveis a temperatura de processamento e a velocidade de cisalhamento. O módulo de flexão e as características morfológicas dos diferentes compósitos obtidos foram avaliados e comparados com o polipropileno puro. Foi observado que a temperatura de 170 °C, a velocidade do rotor de 60rpm e o teor de fibra de coco verde de 30% forneceram o melhor desempenho quanto à flexão. Essas observações foram comprovadas pela análise da morfologia.Polypropylene composites containing 10, 20 and 30% in volume of green coconut fiber were prepared in a Haake chamber at various processing temperatures and shear rates. The flexural modulus and morphological characteristics of the composites were evaluated and compared with pure polypropylene. Optimization experiments indicated that a temperature of 170 °C, shear rate of 60rpm and green coconut fiber content of 30% showed the best properties by flexural modulus. These observations were confirmed by a morphology analysis.

Tenacidade à fratura translaminar dinâmica de um laminado híbrido metal-fibra para uso em elevadas temperaturas Translaminar dynamic fracture toughness of a hybrid fiber-metal laminate devised to high-temperature applications

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José R. Tarpani

2010-01-01

Full Text Available A tenacidade à fratura translaminar dinâmica do laminado híbrido metal-fibra titânio-grafite com matriz termoplástica foi determinada sob as velocidades de impacto de 2,25 e 5,52 m/s, no intervalo de temperaturas de -196 a +180 °C, e comparada à de laminados compósitos convencionais de fibras de carbono e resina epóxi. Constatou-se que o laminado híbrido exibe uma tenacidade à iniciação da fratura inferior à dos compósitos tradicionais com fibras na forma de fita unidirecional, porém superior à dos laminados convencionais com fibras na forma de tecido bidirecional. Os ensaios de impacto revelaram que, comparativamente ao desempenho mecânico dos laminados carbono-epóxi, o emprego do laminado híbrido metal-fibra se justifica mais pela sua resistência à propagação do que à iniciação da fratura dinâmica.The translaminar dynamic fracture toughness of titanium-graphite hybrid fiber-metal laminate with thermoplastic matrix has been determined at the impact velocities of 2.25 and 5.52 m/s, within the temperature range from -196 to +180 ºC, and compared to that of conventional carbon-epoxy composite laminates. The hybrid laminate exhibits lower initiation fracture toughness than traditional unidirectional tape composites though it is tougher than conventional woven fabric laminates. Impact tests revealed that, if compared to the mechanical performance of conventional carbon-epoxy laminates, the fiber-metal laminate application must rely on its resistance to dynamic fracture propagation rather than on fracture initiation.

Hacia una definición de fibra alimentaria

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García Ochoa, Omar Eduardo; Infante, Ramón Benito; Rivera, Carlos Julio

2008-01-01

La fibra alimentaria (FA) ha sido un tópico de considerable interés para los nutricionistas y médicos en estos últimos 35 años. Este artículo presenta un análisis sobre la definición de fibra alimentaria y la controversia que existe al respecto, así como las nuevas propuestas que han surgido para incluir en su definición. La FA fue definida como: todos los polisacáridos no almidones más la lignina, que no pueden ser digeridos o absorbidos en el intestino delgado humano. Esta definición no inc...

Bulimia nervosa.

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Hay, Phillipa J; Claudino, Angélica Medeiros

2010-07-19

Up to 1% of young women may have bulimia nervosa, characterised by an intense preoccupation with body weight, uncontrolled binge-eating episodes, and use of extreme measures to counteract the feared effects of overeating. People with bulimia nervosa may be of normal weight, making it difficult to diagnose. After 10 years, about half of people with bulimia nervosa will have recovered fully, one third will have made a partial recovery, and 10% to 20% will still have symptoms. We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatments for bulimia nervosa in adults? What are the effects of discontinuing treatment in people with bulimia nervosa in remission? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to January 2010 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). We found 27 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT; alone or plus exposure/response prevention enhancement), cognitive orientation therapy, dialectical behavioural therapy, discontinuing fluoxetine in people with remission, guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy, hypnobehavioural therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, mirtazapine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), motivational enhancement therapy, pharmacotherapy plus psychotherapy, pure or unguided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy, reboxetine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), topiramate, tricyclic

Bulimia nervosa

Science.gov (United States)

2008-01-01

Introduction Up to 1% of young women may have bulimia nervosa, characterised by an intense preoccupation with body weight, uncontrolled binge-eating episodes, and use of extreme measures to counteract the feared effects of overeating. People with bulimia nervosa may be of normal weight, making it difficult to diagnose. After ten years, about half of people with bulimia nervosa will have recovered fully, a third will have made a partial recovery, and 10-20% will still have symptoms. Methods and outcomes We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatments for bulimia nervosa in adults? What are the effects of discontinuing treatment in people with bulimia nervosa in remission? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to June 2007 (BMJ Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Results We found 26 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. Conclusions In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: cognitive behavioural therapy (alone or plus exposure response prevention enhancement); cognitive orientation therapy; dialectical behavioural therapy; discontinuing fluoxetine in people with remission; guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy; hypnobehavioural therapy; interpersonal psychotherapy; mirtazapine; monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs); motivational enhancement therapy; pharmacotherapy plus psychotherapy; pure or unguided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT); reboxetine; selective serotonin

Avaliação da biodegradação de compósitos de poli(ε-caprolactona/fibra de coco verde Evaluation of biodegradation poly(ε-caprolactone/green coconut fiber

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Marcia C. A. M. Leite

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Uma classe de plásticos com destaque crescente são os polímeros biodegradáveis, como a Poli(ε-caprolactona (PCL. Quando esses polímeros são utilizados para elaboração de compósitos com fibras naturais, novas propriedades são agregadas. Existem vários métodos de modificação química da fibra para melhorar a adesão dessas fibras em matrizes poliméricas. Neste trabalho foi estudada a biodegradabilidade em solo simulado de compósitos de PCL/fibra de coco (antes e após a modificação química da fibra por reação de acetilação com avaliação da perda de massa e da modificação da morfologia. A espectroscopia na região do infravermelho mostrou a eficiência da reação de acetilação nas fibras. Os compósitos enterrados em solo simulado apresentaram perda de massa e a degradação das amostras foi confirmada pela modificação da morfologia observada através de análises como as Microscopias Óptica e Eletrônica de Varredura. O comportamento térmico dos compósitos, analisado por Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura mostrou diferença no teor de cristalinidade da matriz com a incorporação da fibra.Biodegradable polymers such as poly (ε-caprolactone (PCL have received increasing attention. New properties are achieved when these polymers are used in composites with natural fibers. Several methods exist for the chemical modification of the fiber to improve adhesion to the polymer matrices. This work deals with the biodegradation in simulated soil of PCL/coconut fiber composites (before and after fiber chemical modification by acetylation - reaction with the evaluation of mass loss and morphology. Infrared spectroscopy has shown the efficiency of fiber acetylation. The composites buried in simulated soil presented weight loss. The degradation of the samples was confirmed by the morphology modification observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Optical Microscopy analysis. The thermal properties analyzed with

[Bipolar disorders and anorexia nervosa: A clinical study].

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Valentin, M; Radon, L; Duclos, J; Curt, F; Godart, N

2018-06-20

Anorexia nervosa is often accompanied by comorbid mood disorders, in particular depression, but individual or family history of bipolar disorders has not frequently been explored in anorexia nervosa. The objectives of the present study were: (1) to assess the frequency of bipolar disorders in patients with anorexia nervosa hospitalized in adolescence and in their parents, (2) to determine whether the patients with a personal or family history of bipolar disorders present particular characteristics in the way in which anorexia nervosa manifests itself, in their medical history, in the secondary diagnoses established, and in the treatments prescribed. Overall, 97 female patients aged 13 to 20 hospitalized for anorexia nervosa and their parents were assessed. The diagnoses of anorexia nervosa and bipolar disorders were established on the basis of DSM-IV-TR criteria. A high frequency of type II and type V bipolar disorders was observed. The patients with anorexia nervosa and presenting personal or family histories of bipolar disorder had an earlier onset of anorexia nervosa, more numerous hospitalizations, a longer time-lapse between anorexia nervosa onset and hospitalization, more suicide attempts and more psychiatric comorbidities. The occurrence of anorexia nervosa-bipolar disorders comorbidity appears to be considerable and linked to the severity of anorexia nervosa, raising the issue of the relationship between anorexia nervosa and bipolar disorders. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

Comparação do comportamento à flexão com restrições à deflexão de placas de compósitos de matriz polimérica epoxídica em função do tipo de fibra de reforço

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Morais Willy A. de

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Placas finas de compósitos de matriz polimérica epoxídica reforçada por fibras de vidro, carbono ou aramida, bem como placas de um compósito híbrido vidro-aramida, foram submetidas a ensaios de flexão. As condições de fixação dos corpos de prova foram tais que o ensaios foram realizados com deflexão restrita. Os resultados experimentais obtidos para a deflexão máxima dos compósitos puderam ser qualitativamente previstos usando-se o método de balanço de energia de Ritz. Os compósitos reforçados por fibras de carbono apresentaram os maiores valores de energia de iniciação e de força máxima, o que foi atribuído às altas propriedades intrínsecas das fibras. As propriedades específicas do compósito híbrido foram superiores às dos compósitos apenas com fibras de vidro ou fibras aramidas. Este efeito sinergístico indicou um projeto adequado na fabricação deste compósito. O modo de falha macroscópico de todos os compósitos foi semelhante. Na face frontal, a interação compósito - punção seguiu o comportamento previsto pela Lei de Hertz. Na face posterior, houve preferencialmente delaminação.

Reboxetina no tratamento da bulimia nervosa Reboxetine in the treatment of bulimia nervosa

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Simone Mancini Castilho

2003-06-01

Full Text Available É vasta a literatura demonstrando a eficácia dos antidepressivos inibidores seletivos da recaptação de serotonina na Bulimia Nervosa, diminuindo a freqüência do comportamento alimentar compulsivo e dos vômitos. A boa resposta terapêutica aos agentes farmacológicos noradrenérgicos, como a desipramina e a reboxetina, embora menos encontrada na literatura, também já foi documentada. O presente relato de caso descreve o tratamento de uma paciente com Bulimia Nervosa utilizando-se reboxetina na dose de 4 a 8 mg ao dia. A resposta terapêutica vem confirmar os resultados favoráveis do uso desta droga no tratamento da Bulimia Nervosa.There is a substancial body of literature demonstrating the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors antidepressants (SSRI in reducing binge eating and vomiting frequency in Bulimia Nervosa. Good therapeutic response to noradrenergic agents, like desipramine and reboxetine, though not frequently reported in literature, has already been demonstrated. This case report describes the treatment of Bulimia Nervosa with reboxetine (4 to 8 mg/day and its favorable therapeutic results.

Effectiveness of individualized, integrative outpatient treatment for females with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

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Freudenberg, Cara; Jones, Rebecca A; Livingston, Genvieve; Goetsch, Virginia; Schaffner, Angela; Buchanan, Linda

2016-01-01

The effectiveness of an individualized outpatient program was investigated in the treatment of bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa (AN). Participants included 151 females who received outpatient eating disorder treatment in the partial hospitalization program, the intensive outpatient program, or a combination of the two programs. Outcome measures included the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), frequency of binge eating and purging, and mean body weight. Findings included significant increases in weight for the AN group, reductions in binge eating frequency for the BN group, and reductions in EDI-2 and BDI-II scores and purging frequency for both groups. This study provides preliminary support for the efficacy of a multimodal program for the treatment of both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa - a psychotherapeutic cognitive-constructivist approach.

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Abreu, Cristiano Nabuco de; Cangelli Filho, Raphael

2017-06-01

Of the eating disorders, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are the ones that have made adolescent patients-often females and aged younger and younger-seek for help. This help is provided through a multidisciplinary treatment involving psychiatrists, psychologists and dietists. Psychotherapy has shown to be an efficient component for these patients' improvement. The present article aims at presenting a proposal of psychotherapeutic treatment based on a cognitive-constructivist approach.

Desarrollo de materiales compuestos avanzados basados en fibras de carbono para la industria aeroespacial

OpenAIRE

Rodriguez, Exequiel Santos

2015-01-01

En este trabajo se estudia el desarrollo de materiales compuestos de matriz polimérica reforzados con fibras de carbono para aplicaciones que presentan solicitaciones severas. Este es el caso de la industria aeroespacial, que utiliza componentes en cohetes y aeronaves que se ven sometidos a altas solicitaciones mecánicas y están expuestos a las altas temperaturas. Es por ello que se estudiaron materiales para diversas aplicaciones basados en fibras de carbono: preimpregnados de fibras y resin...

Anorexia Nervosa: Sociocultural Factors and Treatment.

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Williams, Jennifer

This paper examines how the epidemiological findings of anorexia nervosa lead theorists to speculate a correlation between sociocultural factors and the development of anorexia nervosa. A section on the essential features of anorexia nervosa identifies five primary characteristics of anorexia: (1) severe weight loss; (2) a disturbance of body…

Bone health in anorexia nervosa

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Misra, Madhusmita; Klibanski, Anne

2013-01-01

Purpose of review Anorexia nervosa is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD), concerning for an increased risk of fractures, and decreased bone accrual in adolescents, concerning for suboptimal peak bone mass. This review discusses causes of impaired bone health in anorexia nervosa and potential therapeutic strategies. Recent findings Low BMD in anorexia nervosa is consequent to decreased lean mass, hypogonadism, low insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), relative hypercortisolemia and alterations in hormones impacted by energy availability. Weight gain causes some improvement in bone accrual, but not to the extent observed in controls, and vitamin D supplementation does not increase BMD. Oral estrogen is not effective in increasing BMD, likely from IGF-1 suppressive effects. In contrast, transdermal estrogen replacement is effective in increasing bone accrual in adolescents with anorexia nervosa, although not to the extent seen in controls. Recombinant human IGF-1 increases bone formation in adolescents, and with oral estrogen increases BMD in adults with anorexia nervosa. Bisphosphonates increase BMD in adults, but not in adolescents, and should be used cautiously given their long half-life. Summary Further investigation is necessary to explore therapies for low BMD in anorexia nervosa. Weight gain is to be encouraged. Transdermal estrogen in adolescents, and bisphosphonates in adults, have a potential therapeutic role. PMID:21897220

Association of CNR1 and FAAH endocannabinoid gene polymorphisms with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: evidence for synergistic effects.

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Monteleone, P; Bifulco, M; Di Filippo, C; Gazzerro, P; Canestrelli, B; Monteleone, F; Proto, M C; Di Genio, M; Grimaldi, C; Maj, M

2009-10-01

Endocannabinoids modulate eating behavior; hence, endocannabinoid genes may contribute to the biological vulnerability to eating disorders. The rs1049353 (1359 G/A) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the gene coding the endocannabinoid CB1 receptor (CNR1) and the rs324420 (cDNA 385C to A) SNP of the gene coding fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the major degrading enzyme of endocannabinoids, have been suggested to have functional effects on mature proteins. Therefore, we explored the possibility that those SNPs were associated to anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia nervosa. The distributions of the CNR1 1359 G/A SNP and of the FAAH cDNA 385C to A SNP were investigated in 134 patients with anorexia nervosa, 180 patients with bulimia nervosa and 148 normal weight healthy controls. Additive effects of the two SNPs in the genetic susceptibility to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa were also tested. As compared to healthy controls, anorexic and bulimic patients showed significantly higher frequencies of the AG genotype and the A allele of the CNR1 1359 G/A SNP. Similarly, the AC genotype and the A allele of the FAAH cDNA 385C to A SNP were significantly more frequent in anorexic and bulimic individuals. A synergistic effect of the two SNPs was evident in anorexia nervosa but not in bulimia nervosa. Present findings show for the first time that the CNR1 1359 G/A SNP and the FAAH cDNA 385C to A SNP are significantly associated to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, and demonstrate a synergistic effect of the two SNPs in anorexia nervosa.

Psychopharmacotherapy of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder

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Kruger, S; Kennedy, SH

2000-01-01

Pharmacotherapy for anorexia nervosa is considered to be of limited efficacy. However, many studies suffer methodological limitations, and the utility of newer drugs in the treatment of anorexia has not been examined yet. Although there have been more fruitful investigations on the efficacy of medication in the management of bulimia nervosa, there are still many unresolved issues regarding the optimal management of partial remission during the acute treatment phase and the intensity and durat...

Fibra de sisal como envoltório na drenagem agrícola

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Viviane F. Silva

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O trabalho foi realizado objetivando analisar o desempenho do sistema de drenagem com fibra de sisal envolto orgânico como material alternativo.  A pesquisa foi realizada no Laboratório de Engenharia de Irrigação e Drenagem da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Usando-se um sistema experimental composto de nove tanques construídos de alvenaria e impermeabilizados internamente. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em um arranjo fatorial com três tipos de tubos, Drenoflex, Kananet e tubo de PVC liso próprio para Esgoto envolto com fibra de sisal num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Foram avaliados a carga hidráulica de entrada (he, fluxo(q e resistência de entrada(re e analisados  estatisticamente, utilizando-se o software ASSISTAT . A comparação dos tubos Drenoflex, PVC liso e Kananet envolto com fibra de sisal, as médias da carga hidráulica na entrada para os tubos variando os valores de 0,40486 a 0,35543, sendo significativo para o tubo Kananet, devido possuir furos maiores facilitando assim a passagem da água pelo tubo. E em relação à resistência de entrada na interação entre os tubos drenantes e a fibra de sisal diferiu estatisticamente com o tubo PVC liso. O desempenho do sistema drenante com envolto de fibra de sisal é considerado muito bom.

Efeito da tenacidade da fibra sobre propriedades tecnológicas do fio de algodão Effect of the cotton fiber strength on yarn properties

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Nelson Paulieri Sabino

1995-01-01

Full Text Available Consideraram-se três variedades de algodão com valores de tenacidade da fibra variando de 20,5 a 22,2 g/Tex: IAC 16, IAC 13-1 e IAC 17, classificadas, respectivamente, como de alta, média e baixa tenacidade. Tais variedades apresentaram características tecnológicas semelhantes quanto a comprimento, uniformidade de comprimento, índice de finura Micronaire e maturidade. As amostras foram processadas em estabelecimentos industriais, da maneira convencional, produzindo, cada uma, fios de títulos Ne20, Ne30 e Ne40. Para cada título, empregaram-se sete coeficientes de torção, representados pelas constantes 3,4, 3,6, 3,8, 4,0, 4,2, 4,5 e 4,7. Efetuaram-se as análises da variância dos resultados, de acordo com o delineamento fatorial 3 x 3 x 7, representado pelas três variedades, pelos três títulos e pelos sete níveis de coeficientes de torção. Mediante os resultados, conclui-se que fibras de algodão com alta tenacidade produzem fios mais resistentes e elásticos do que aquelas de baixa tenacidade, para qualquer título ou torção. A quantidade de torções requeridas para a obtenção de máxima resistência dos fios de algodão é pouco afetada pela tenacidade da fibra. Os fios de títulos mais altos têm os menores valores de tenacidade e elongação. A variedade IAC 16 apresentou fios com os maiores valores de tenacidade, seguida da 'IAC 13-1' e da 'IAC 17', e fios mais elásticos, acompanhada da 'IAC 17' e da 'IAC 13-1'.Three cottons with fiber strength of 20.5, 20.9 and 22.2 g/Tex and having other important fiber properties approximately equal were selected. The cottons were processed on conventional processing equipment into 20/1, 30/1 and 40/1 yarn counts, using a range of twist multipliers of 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 4.0, 4.2, 4.5 and 4.7. Yarn strength and elongation determinations were made on a pendulum-type tester of 150-300 lbs capacity. It was found that: 1 - High strength cotton produced stronger yarns than low strength for any

PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA

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A. E. Bobrov

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Prevalence of anorexia nervosa among women is 0,5%, whereas mortality related to this disorder amounts to 5–17%. Psychopathological structure of anorexia nervosa implies abnormalities of behavior as well as those of motivation and volition, thinking, perception and appreciation. In addition, mental abnormalities typical for this disorder are evident in regulation of emotions, specific personality traits and self-consciousness. The key psychopathological feature of patients with anorexia nervosa is a lack of cognitive and personal differentiation that calls forth impairments of self-concept and self-image. Anorexia nervosa should be differentiated from depression and schizophrenic spectrum disorders. Its etiology and pathogenesis are related both to hereditary and psychosocial factors. Of great importance are psychoendocrine abnormalities, however their role is still insufficiently elucidated.

Electrocortical processing of food and emotional pictures in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

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Blechert, Jens; Feige, Bernd; Joos, Andreas; Zeeck, Almut; Tuschen-Caffier, Brunna

2011-06-01

Objective To compare the electrocortical processing of food pictures in participants with anorexia nervosa (n = 21), bulimia nervosa (n = 22), and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 32) by measuring the early posterior negativity, an event-related potential that reflects stimulus salience and selective attention. Methods We exposed these three groups to a rapid stream of high- and low-calorie food pictures, as well as standard emotional and neutral pictures. Results Event-related potentials in the time range of 220 milliseconds to 310 milliseconds on posterior electrodes differed between groups: patients with eating disorders showed facilitated processing of both high- and low-calorie food pictures relative to neutral pictures, whereas HC participants did so only for the high-calorie pictures. Subjective palatability of the pictures was rated highest by patients with anorexia nervosa, followed by the HC and bulimia nervosa groups. Conclusions Patients with eating disorders show a generalized attentional bias for food images, regardless of caloric value. This might explain the persistent preoccupation with food in these individuals.

Measurement of nonclinical personality characteristics of women with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.

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Pryor, T; Wiederman, M W

1996-10-01

Past research on personality and eating disorders has most often emphasized personality psychopathology and personality disorders. We further investigated nonclinical personality characteristics among women with anorexia nervosa (n = 35) or bulimia nervosa (n = 45) using the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ; Tellegen, 1982, 1985). The MPQ measures several personality traits that have been shown to consist of a substantial genetic component (Tellegen et al., 1988). In logistic regression analyses, women with anorexia nervosa evidenced greater degrees of control (vs. impulsivity) and general constraint, and a lower degree of absorption in sensory experiences relative to those with bulimia nervosa. Relative to the normative population (Tellegen, 1982), our sample evidenced very low scores on Well-being, Social Closeness, and Positive Affectivity and high scores on Stress Reaction, Alienation, and Negative Affectivity. Our results emphasize the importance of considering nonclinical personality features and temperament, and varying methods of assessment, in the understanding of predisposing factors for eating disorders.

Medical complications of bulimia nervosa.

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Mehler, Philip S; O'Melia, Anne; Brown, Carrie; Gibson, Dennis; Hollis, Jeff; Westmoreland, Patricia

2017-12-02

Bulimia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder with many different medical sequelae. This article reviews the principal medical complications associated with bulimia nervosa, and emphasizes the importance of a timely approach to diagnosis and management.

The incidence of anorexia nervosa on Curacao

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hoek, HW; van Harten, PN; Hermans, KME; Katzman, MA; Matroos, GE; Susser, ES

Objective: Although anorexia nervosa was once thought to occur only in affluent societies, cases have now been documented across the globe. To examine whether anorexia nervosa emerges in societies undergoing socioeconomic transition, the authors studied the incidence of anorexia nervosa on the

Influencia de los componentes del concreto reforzado con fibras en sus propiedades mecánicas

OpenAIRE

González Salcedo, Luis Octavio

2013-01-01

El concreto es un material de construcción y estructural por excelencia, elaborado con cemento, agua, agregados, adiciones minerales y aditivos químicos. Sin embargo, es conocido también como un material quebradizo, característica que es contrarrestada con la incorporación de un volumen de fibra como reforzamiento de su matriz basada en cemento. La incorporación de fibra hace que se denomine como concreto reforzado con fibra, o simplemente fibrorreforzado, y se caracteriza c...

Desenvolvimento de sorvete de chocolate utilizando fibra de casca de laranja como substituto de gordura

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Camila Comas e Boff

2013-10-01

Full Text Available A procura por alimentos mais saudáveis por parte dos consumidores tem impulsionado as indústrias de alimentos a desenvolverem alimentos que contenham menor teor de gordura, contudo sem alterar as características sensoriais e nutricionais dos produtos. A indústria de sorvetes é uma das que mais utiliza gordura em suas formulações, contendo, em média, 10% desse ingrediente. Uma alternativa para a substituição de gorduras é a fibra de frutas cítricas, que vem sendo utilizada com sucesso, reduzindo o teor de gordura na indústria de embutidos, por exemplo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características sensoriais e físico-químicas de sorvetes elaborados com fibra de casca de laranja amarga comercial como substituto da gordura. Foram utilizadas duas formulações com concentrações diferentes de fibra de laranja (F1 com 0,74% e F2 com 1,10% de fibra e uma formulação controle (com gordura. Para as duas formulações, foram encontrados valores condizentes com a literatura para a composição centesimal do sorvete. Em relação ao valor energético dos sorvetes, foi observada uma redução de mais de 25%, indicando que o produto pode ter alegação de light. Para o teor de fibra dos sorvetes, os valores observados foram de F1 1,4% e F2, 2,0%, podendo considerar o sorvete da formulação F2 como fonte de fibras. Os atributos de cor, odor e textura não apresentaram diferenças entre as amostras. Já sabor, sabor residual e aceitação global obtiveram diferenças entre as amostras com fibra e a controle. Os sorvetes elaborados com fibra de casca de laranja obtiveram índices de aceitação de 78%.

Estudo dos efeitos da acetilação em fibras de sisal Study of the effects of acetylation treatments on sisal fiber

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Fernanda F. M. Lopes

2010-07-01

Full Text Available O emprego de fibras vegetais na confecção de compósitos tem grande viabilidade, no que diz respeito ao uso de materiais oriundos de fontes renováveis, à biodegradabilidade e aos benefícios socioeconômicos gerados na produção de matéria-prima vegetal. As fibras de sisal são altamente higroscópicas e esta característica se apresenta como um dos principais problemas na produção de compósitos induzindo a variações dimensionais sob a influência da umidade, deposição dos produtos da matriz em seus poros e a degradação. Os tratamentos de acetilação nas fibras de sisal foram aplicados em diferentes temperaturas e tempos reacionais, e a eficiência desses tratamentos, considerando-se a redução da hidrofilicidade e a manutenção do desempenho mecânico das fibras, foi avaliada pela capacidade de absorção de água por imersão, ensaios de resistência mecânica e por espectroscopia de infravermelho. Fibras acetiladas apresentaram reduções de peso por absorção de até 50% quando comparadas com as não tratadas. Os tratamentos por 3 h apresentaram as maiores perdas na resistência mecânica e a 120 °C por 1h indicaram as melhores características físico-mecânicas, além de incremento satisfatório de grupos apolares com o tratamento.The use of vegetable fibers in composites is highly viable regarding about the use of materials from renewable sources, the biodegradability and the socioeconomic advantages in the production of raw vegetable. The sisal fibers are highly hygroscopic and this is a main problem in the production of composites, inducing dimensional changes under moisture influence, deposition of the matrix products and degradation. The treatment of the acetylation was applied at different temperatures and reaction times, and the efficiency of treatments, considering the reduction of the hydrophilicity and maintenance of the mechanical properties, was evaluated by water sorption, mechanical properties and the

Alterations in brain structures related to taste reward circuitry in ill and recovered anorexia nervosa and in bulimia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Frank, Guido K; Shott, Megan E; Hagman, Jennifer O; Mittal, Vijay A

2013-10-01

The pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa remains obscure, but structural brain alterations could be functionally important biomarkers. The authors assessed taste pleasantness and reward sensitivity in relation to brain structure, which may be related to food avoidance commonly seen in eating disorders. The authors used structural MR imaging to study gray and white matter volumes in women with current restricting-type anorexia nervosa (N=19), women recovered from restricting-type anorexia nervosa (N=24), women with bulimia nervosa (N=19), and healthy comparison women (N=24). All eating disorder groups exhibited increased gray matter volume of the medial orbitofrontal cortex (gyrus rectus). Manual tracing confirmed larger gyrus rectus volume, and volume predicted taste pleasantness ratings across all groups. Analyses also indicated other morphological differences between diagnostic categories. Antero-ventral insula gray matter volumes were increased on the right side in the anorexia nervosa and recovered anorexia nervosa groups and on the left side in the bulimia nervosa group relative to the healthy comparison group. Dorsal striatum volumes were reduced in the recovered anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa groups and predicted sensitivity to reward in all three eating disorder groups. The eating disorder groups also showed reduced white matter in right temporal and parietal areas relative to the healthy comparison group. The results held when a range of covariates, such as age, depression, anxiety, and medications, were controlled for. Brain structure in the medial orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and striatum is altered in eating disorders and suggests altered brain circuitry that has been associated with taste pleasantness and reward value.

Anorexia nervosa: un estudio de casos

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Lillyana Zusman Tinman

2013-09-01

Full Text Available La Anorexia Nervosa es un trastorno de alimentación que se define (etimológicamente como una "pérdida nerviosa del apetito". Se caracteriza por la actitud consciente, voluntaria y rotunda de los sujetos  de tener un exceso de peso que intentan modificar por vía de la inanición. A partir del estudio de casos, se propone la distinción entre una Anorexia Nervosa Estructural -aquella en la que predomina el conflicto intrapsíquico primario y arcaico, y que manifiesta una conducta aislada y retraída- y una Anorexia Nervosa Reactiva, aquella en la que predomina un conflicto intrafamiliar algo más posterior y, por lo tanto, una personalidad más abierta y compatible con el medio. Anorexia Nervosa is an Eating Disorder defined (etimoligacally as a "nervouse loss of apetite". It is characterized by a conscious, voluntary and categoric attitude of the sick patient to refrain from eating. He/she has a firm conviction of having excess weight which they try to modify by starvation. Through a case study, a distinction between two types of Anorexia Nervosa is proposed: a Structural Anorexia Nervosa -in which an intrapsyhic, primary, arcaic conflic prevails, leading to an isolated, withdrawal conduct- and a Reactive Anorexia Nervosa, in which a later intrafamilial conflict prevails leading, therefore, to a more open personality, compatible with the enviroment.

Quantitative analysis of collagen and elastic fibers in the transversalis fascia in direct and indirect inguinal hernia Análise quantitativa do colágeno e de fibras elásticas na fascia transversal de pacientes com hernia inguinal direta e indireta

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Aldo Junqueira Rodrigues Junior

2002-01-01

direta. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Fragmentos de fascia transversal foram retirados durante a intervenção cirúrgica e seguiram para rotina histológica para análise quantitativa colorimétrica do colágeno e histomorfométrica de fibras elásticas. RESULTADOS: Demonstramos que a fascia transversal de pacientes com hernia inguinal direta apresenta menor quantidade de colágeno e maior de fibras elásticas em relação à fascia transversal de pacientes com hernia inguinal indireta. A fascia transversal dos pacientes com hernia inguinal direta apresentou alterações estruturais das fibras elásticas maduras e elaunínicas, responsáveis pela elasticidade e redução da densidade de fibras oxitalânicas, responsáveis pela resistência. Estas alterações promovem perda da complacência tecidual da fascia transversal. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados nos dão elementos para compreender a participação efetiva da matriz extracellular na gênese da hernia inguinal direta, sugerindo uma relação com alterações genéticas do metabolismo de fibras elásticas e colágeno.

Taste Reward Circuitry Related Brain Structures Characterize Ill and Recovered Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

Science.gov (United States)

Frank, Guido K.; Shott, Megan E.; Hagman, Jennifer O.; Mittal, Vijay A.

2013-01-01

Objective The pathophysiology of the eating disorder anorexia nervosa remains obscure, but structural brain alterations could be functionally important biomarkers. Here we assessed taste pleasantness and reward sensitivity in relation to brain structure, which might be related to food avoidance commonly seen in eating disorders. Method We used structural magnetic resonance brain imaging to study gray and white matter volumes in individuals with restricting type currently ill (n = 19) or recovered-anorexia nervosa (n = 24), bulimia nervosa (n= 19) and healthy control women (n=24). Results All eating disorder groups showed increased gray matter volume of the medial orbitofrontal cortex (gyrus rectus). Manually tracing confirmed larger gyrus rectus volume, and predicted taste pleasantness across all groups. The analyses also indicated other morphological differences between diagnostic categories: Ill and recovered-anorexia nervosa had increased right, while bulimia nervosa had increased left antero-ventral insula gray matter volumes compared to controls. Furthermore, dorsal striatum volumes were reduced in recovered-anorexia and bulimia nervosa, and predicted sensitivity to reward in the eating disorder groups. The eating disorder groups also showed reduced white matter in right temporal and parietal areas when compared to healthy controls. Notably, the results held when controlling for a range of covariates (e.g., age, depression, anxiety, medications). Conclusion Brain structure in medial orbitofrontal cortex, insula and striatum is altered in eating disorders and suggests altered brain circuitry that has been associated with taste pleasantness and reward value. PMID:23680873

Reconstrucción de lesiones osteocondrales con fibra de carbono

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Carranza Bencano, A.; Armas-Padrón, J. R.; Lozano, Mª A.

1998-01-01

Objetivo: Estudiar a largo plazo la evolución histológica de defectos osteocondrales de la rótula de conejos tratados con fibra de carbono. Material y Método: 18 conejos de raza gigante español, variedad parda, de ambos sexos, con un peso aproximado de 1.5 a 2 Kg y 18 discos Cleveland de fibra de carbono de 8 mm de diámetro (Medicarb®, fabricado por Leyland Medical International). Creación de un defecto de 6 mm. de diámetro en la superficie articular de la rótula, hasta alcanzar el teji...

Distrofia neuroaxonal infantil: diagnóstico em vida por biopsia conjuntival

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S. Rosemberg

1985-03-01

Full Text Available São relatados três casos de distrofia neuroaxonal infantil cujo diagnóstico foi feito mediante o estudo ultrastrutural de biópsia da conjuntiva. Nesta, algumas fibras nervosas amielínicas e, mais raramente, as mielínicas, mostravam, no axoplasma, agregados densos membrano-tubulares, idênticos aos dos esferóides ocorrentes no SNC nesta doença. O achado destas estruturas é o único meio diagnóstico em vida. A biópsia da conjuntiva, pela facilidade de sua execução e por sua inocuidade, é o procedimento preferido para este estudo. Clinicamente, a enorme hipotonia aliada a sinais piramidais, a ausência de crises convulsivas, a atrofia cerebelar visível à tomografia e o modo evolutivo, sugerem fortemente o diagnóstico de distrofia neuroaxonal infantil.

Increased mortality in bulimia nervosa and other eating disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

Crow, Scott J; Peterson, Carol B; Swanson, Sonja A; Raymond, Nancy C; Specker, Sheila; Eckert, Elke D; Mitchell, James E

2009-12-01

Anorexia nervosa has been consistently associated with increased mortality, but whether this is true for other types of eating disorders is unclear. The goal of this study was to determine whether anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorder not otherwise specified are associated with increased all-cause mortality or suicide mortality. Using computerized record linkage to the National Death Index, the authors conducted a longitudinal assessment of mortality over 8 to 25 years in 1,885 individuals with anorexia nervosa (N=177), bulimia nervosa (N=906), or eating disorder not otherwise specified (N=802) who presented for treatment at a specialized eating disorders clinic in an academic medical center. Crude mortality rates were 4.0% for anorexia nervosa, 3.9% for bulimia nervosa, and 5.2% for eating disorder not otherwise specified. All-cause standardized mortality ratios were significantly elevated for bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified; suicide standardized mortality ratios were elevated for bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified. Individuals with eating disorder not otherwise specified, which is sometimes viewed as a "less severe" eating disorder, had elevated mortality risks, similar to those found in anorexia nervosa. This study also demonstrated an increased risk of suicide across eating disorder diagnoses.

INFLUÊNCIA DA QUANTIDADE DE FIBRAS NA DUREZA E RESISTÊNCIA AO IMPACTO DE COMPÓSITOS HIPS/BAGAÇO DE CANA PARA APLICAÇÃO NA INDÚSTRIA DE PET SHOP

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Glayce Cassaro Pereira

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Nos últimos anos houve um grande avanço tecnológico no desenvolvimento de materiais compósitos reforçados com fibras naturais. Esse aumento do interesse das indústrias e grupos de pesquisa em desenvolver e utilizar materiais feitos a partir de matérias primas renováveis se deu principalmente pelo grande apelo mundial para a utilização de produtos naturais e pela preservação do meio ambiente. O presente trabalho visou a caracterização de compósitos reforçados com bagaço de cana em matriz de poliestireno de alto impacto (HIPS, tendo como objetivo uma possível substituição dos materiais utilizados atualmente na indústria de produtos para pet shop. Foram caracterizadas três famílias de compósitos, nas proporções de 10, 20 e 30% (m/m. Os resultados da dureza Shore A indicaram que a adição da fibra de bagaço ao HIPS não acarretou alterações nos valores da dureza nos compósitos quando comparados ao HIPS puro. E os resultados de resistência ao impacto foi possível constatar que a adição da fibra de bagaço ao HIPS acarretou uma diminuição na resistência ao impacto, quando comparados ao HIPS puro.

Understanding the 'Anorexic Voice' in Anorexia Nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Pugh, Matthew; Waller, Glenn

2017-05-01

In common with individuals experiencing a number of disorders, people with anorexia nervosa report experiencing an internal 'voice'. The anorexic voice comments on the individual's eating, weight and shape and instructs the individual to restrict or compensate. However, the core characteristics of the anorexic voice are not known. This study aimed to develop a parsimonious model of the voice characteristics that are related to key features of eating disorder pathology and to determine whether patients with anorexia nervosa fall into groups with different voice experiences. The participants were 49 women with full diagnoses of anorexia nervosa. Each completed validated measures of the power and nature of their voice experience and of their responses to the voice. Different voice characteristics were associated with current body mass index, duration of disorder and eating cognitions. Two subgroups emerged, with 'weaker' and 'stronger' voice experiences. Those with stronger voices were characterized by having more negative eating attitudes, more severe compensatory behaviours, a longer duration of illness and a greater likelihood of having the binge-purge subtype of anorexia nervosa. The findings indicate that the anorexic voice is an important element of the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa. Addressing the anorexic voice might be helpful in enhancing outcomes of treatments for anorexia nervosa, but that conclusion might apply only to patients with more severe eating psychopathology. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Experiences of an internal 'anorexic voice' are common in anorexia nervosa. Clinicians should consider the role of the voice when formulating eating pathology in anorexia nervosa, including how individuals perceive and relate to that voice. Addressing the voice may be beneficial, particularly in more severe and enduring forms of anorexia nervosa. When working with the voice, clinicians should aim to address both the content of the voice and how

Comportamiento mecánico del concreto reforzado con fibras de bagazo de caña de azúcar

OpenAIRE

Espinoza Carvajal, Marlon Jonathan

2015-01-01

El tema de investigación que a continuación vamos a describir se centra en el estudio de la incorporación de fibras naturales a una matriz de cemento. Primeramente se evaluó el Estado del Arte, verificando la existencia de estudios que tenga similitud con el tema y sirvan de referentes. Ya en campo empezamos con la recolección de la fibra natural en el Ingenio Monterrey, (MALCA), luego se procede con el aislamiento de la fibra por un tiempo no mayor a tres meses, esto ayuda a que la fibra...

Sensores de fibra óptica basados en resonancias electromagnéticas

OpenAIRE

López Lambás, Sergio

2011-01-01

Este trabajo surge como continuación a los trabajos basados en LMR ya realizados con el objetivo de profundizar en el estudio y fabricación de sensores de fibra óptica basados en resonancias electromagnéticas utilizando diferentes materiales y técnicas. En concreto el proyecto perseguirá los siguientes objetivos: Desarrollar sensores de fibra óptica basados en resonancias electromagnéticas con recubrimientos metálicos y su aplicación a la detección de campo magnético. Estudiar y mejorar la fa...

Anorexia nervosa versus bulimia nervosa : differences based on retrospective correlates in a case-control study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Machado, Barbara C.; Goncalves, Sonia F.; Martins, Carla; Brandao, Isabel; Roma-Torres, Antonio; Hoek, Hans W.; Machado, Paulo P.

This study is the result of two Portuguese case-control studies that examined the replication of retrospective correlates and preceding life events in anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) development. This study aims to identify retrospective correlates that distinguish AN and BN A

[Anorexia nervosa and nervus peronaeus lesions].

Science.gov (United States)

Weber, Peter; Rost, Barbara

2009-09-01

Anorexia nervosa could be associated with numerous medical complications. In addition, malnutrition can cause different problems of central nervous system, whereas reports on periphere nerve lesions are rare. We report a case of a 14 8/12 years old girl suffering from anorexia nervosa since five months, who presented with peroneal nerve palsy. In association to anorexia nervosa the prognosis of this mononeuropathy seems to be good. Anorectic patients with neurological complications need an interdisciplinary medical treatment.

Fibras vegetales colombianas como refuerzo en compuestos de matriz polimérica

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José Luis Suárez Castañeda

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Contexto: Se realizó una búsqueda local de tejidos de fibras vegetales para determinar la composición de los grupos funcionales y morfología de su superficie antes y después de un tratamiento alcalino con miras a su empleo como refuerzo en compuestos de matriz polimérica. Método: La búsqueda se desarrolló dentro del área metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, Colombia. Las fibras se trataron por inmersión en NaOH disuelto al 6 % w/v por 48 horas, seguida por una neutralización en ácido acético al 1 % v/v por una hora. Posteriormente fueron secadas a 60 °C por 24 horas. Las técnicas empleadas para los análisis fueron la espectroscopía infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FTIR y la microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM. Resultados: Se seleccionaron tejidos de fique, yute, corteza de coco, lino y algodón. Los análisis FTIR muestran una tendencia a la disminución de ácidos grasos, hemicelulosas, ligninas y enlaces β en la superficie de las fibras, mientras que las imágenes SEM demuestran la remoción de impurezas, la exposición de rugosidades y la creación de espacios interfibrales. Conclusiones: El tratamiento alcalino podría favorecer el mecanismo de anclaje del polímero termofijo a la superficie de las fibras y la creación de enlaces entre las moléculas polares de las fibras y el polímero termofijo, disminuyendo el deslizamiento relativo entre matriz y refuerzo durante la aplicación de cargas.

[Bulimia nervosa].

Science.gov (United States)

Zeeck, A; Hartmann, A; Sandholz, A; Joos, A

2006-08-01

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by episodes of binge eating and compensatory behaviours (self-induced vomiting, laxative misuse, dietary restriction). It has a complex aetiology and is mostly found in young women. Bulimia leads to substantial physical and psychosocial morbidity. Bulimia nervosa needs specialized psychotherapeutic treatment. In most cases outpatient treatment is sufficient, but comorbidity with other psychiatric disturbances has to be taken into account. Additional psychopharmacological interventions might be helpful. After 5 to 10 years about 50% of the patients show complete remissions, 30% partial remissions and about 20% a chronic course of the illness. General practitioners, dentists and gynaecologists should be informed about typical signs of the disorder that is often hidden by the patients.

A case report of anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Binitie, A; Osaghae; Akenzua, O A

2000-06-01

Although there are a few reports of Anorexia Nervosa in non-white populations some authors believe that the prevalence of anorexia Nervosa is as common in African populations as it is in Western countries. A case is presented of Anorexia Nervosa in a Nigerian female with features that strictly fulfill the ICD 10 diagnostic criteria. The difficulties encountered in the treatment of such disorders as well as the recurrent nature of the disorder were also highlighted in the patient's presentation.

Efeitos da calagem e da adubação potássica sobre características agronômicas e propriedades tecnológicas da fibra do algodoeiro Effects of liming and potassium fertilization on the agronomic characteristics and technological properties of the cotton fiber

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Nelson Paulieri Sabino

1995-01-01

Full Text Available Em latossolo roxo, ácido e de baixa fertilidade, do município de Guaíra (SP, implantou-se, em 1976, um ensaio permanente de calagem e adubação potássica com o algodoeiro, variedade IAC 18. Em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, o calcário dolomítico foi incorporado às parcelas nas doses de 0, 2, 4 e 6 t/ha no primeiro ano. O potássio foi aplicado anualmente, nas doses de 0, 50, 100 e 150 kg/ha de K2O, na forma de cloreto e na presença de doses constantes de N, P2O5 e, quando necessário, boro. No sexto ano (1981/82, reaplicou-se o calcário nas doses originais e, nos anos subseqüentes até 1985/86, utilizou-se a variedade IAC 20. No primeiro ciclo de calagem, o calcário alterou positivamente a massa de um capulho e deprimiu a de cem sementes. Ambas as características foram beneficiadas pela adubação potássica. Quanto às propriedades tecnológicas da fibra, o comprimento, a maturidade, o índice Micronaire e a tenacidade diminuíram com a calagem, enquanto a adubação potássica proporcionou melhoria apenas à uniformidade de comprimento e índice Micronaire. A porcentagem de fibra não foi afetada pela calagem e teve seus valores diminuídos pela ação do potássio. Os resultados do segundo ciclo de calagem confirmaram o efeito positivo do calcário sobre a massa de um capulho e da adubação potássica nessa característica e também na massa de cem sementes. Verificou-se, ainda, efeito depressivo do corretivo na porcentagem de fibra. Quanto às propriedades tecnológicas da fibra, a calagem se mostrou tão prejudicial como na primeira fase, enquanto o uso do potássio continuou concorrendo para aumentar a uniformidade de comprimento, o índice Micronaire e a maturidade da fibra. Essa prática deprimiu os valores de tenacidade da fibra. Em nenhum dos dois ciclos, verificou-se interação entre calagem e adubação potássica.The effects of liming and potassium fertilization on the agronomic characteristics and technological

Epidemiology of anorexia nervosa in Japanese adolescents.

Science.gov (United States)

Hotta, Mari; Horikawa, Reiko; Mabe, Hiroyo; Yokoyama, Shin; Sugiyama, Eiko; Yonekawa, Tadato; Nakazato, Masamitsu; Okamoto, Yuri; Ohara, Chisato; Ogawa, Yoshihiro

2015-01-01

No epidemiologic survey examining eating disorders in Japan has been done at a national level since 1992. The prevalence of anorexia nervosa, as assessed by questionnaires to hospitals, is thought to be underestimated because patients with anorexia nervosa tend to avoid consultations. In conformity with the School Health and Safety Act of Japan, schools are required to have physicians perform a medical examination of students every year. The teachers in charge of health education and school physicians determine the height, weight, and health condition, and examine the medical records of each student. Therefore, we as members of the Survey Committee for Eating Disorders of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare conducted an epidemiologic survey using questionnaires sent to schools in seven prefectures to determine the current prevalence of anorexia nervosa among adolescents. We sent a questionnaire to elementary, junior high, and senior high schools. Questionnaires contained items on the number of students, patients with anorexia nervosa in each grade who were diagnosed by specialists, and students who the school physician strongly suspected to have anorexia nervosa but who did not undergo a clinical examination in a medical institution. We found patients of both sexes with anorexia nervosa aged 9-10 years in elementary schools. The point prevalence of anorexia nervosa for girls, including strongly suspected cases, in the three grades of junior high school and three grades of senior high school were 0-0.17 %, 0-0.21 %, 0.17-0.40 %, 0.05-0.56 %, 0.17-0.42 % and 0.09-0.43 %, respectively. We also confirmed a prominent sex difference in the prevalence of anorexia nervosa. The prevalence of boys was one third that of girls in some prefectures. One third to one half of diagnosed and strongly suspected students with anorexia nervosa had not received medical consultation or treatment. Although the prevalence of anorexia nervosa had regional differences

ESTUDIO DE LA RESISTENCIA MECÁNICA DE MATERIALES COMPUESTOS POLIMÉRICOS REFORZADOS CON FIBRAS DE CARBONO

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Enrique Rocha-Rangel

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Materiales compuestos hechos de una resina epóxica reforzada con diferentes contenidos de fibra de carbono, fueron preparados por dos técnicas de laminación diferentes. Se aplicó 1 Kg/cm2 de presión en los laminados, mientras, que otros laminados se sometieron a un vacío de 1 atm. De los resultados se tiene que las resistencias a la flexión y tensión de los compósitos son mejoradas con el aumento en el contenido de fibra en los mismos. Los compósitos resultantes presentan un mejor comportamiento mecánico bajo esfuerzos de tensión que cuando lo hacen bajo esfuerzos de flexión, debido a que en flexión las fibras se rompen eventualmente, provocando que el material falle a bajos valores de esfuerzo. Cuando los materiales compuestos son sometidos a tensión, las fibras trasmiten los esfuerzos entre ellas y el material falla hasta que se acumula la energía necesaria para romper todas las fibras de una sola vez.

OBTENCIÓN DE FIBRA DIETETICA NUTRICIONAL DE VALOR AGREGADO A PARTIR DE BAGAZO DE CAÑA

OpenAIRE

LICONA AGUILAR, ANGELES IVETH

2014-01-01

La fibra dietética se reconoce cada vez más como un elemento importante para una nutrición sana; numerosas referencias respaldan esta aseveración en las que se ha demostrado no solo la importancia que la fibra tiene en la regulación de las funciones intestinales sino también para la prevención de algunas enfermedades. En este contexto, tiene sentido analizar la posibilidad de aprovechar la potencial utilización que brindan numerosos residuos agrícolas como fuente de fibra en una gran variedad...

Wait Not, Want Not: Factors Contributing to the Development of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Murray, Trish

2003-01-01

The purpose of this literature review is to examine prevalence and incident rates of both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. In addition, this article will review the psychological and sociological factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of an eating disorder. Finally, different treatment approaches will be discussed in…

Mejoramiento de las propiedades de tensión en WPC de LDPE: HIPS/fibra natural mediante entrecruzamiento con DCP

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Arnoldo Emilio Delgado Tobón

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Fibra de Retamo Liso (telinemonspessulana fue mezclada en una matriz polimérica formada por: polietileno de baja densidad (LDPE y poliestireno de alto impacto (HIPS en relación 70:30 respectivamente. La fibra natural fue sometida a reducción de tamaño entre 1700 y 850 µm; se le realizó tratamiento superficial de mercerización; el contenido de humedad fue 0,17%. El análisis termo gravimétrico (TGA muestra que la fibra tratada tiene estabilidad de 200,53 °C. La elaboración del compuesto se realizó en mezclador interno y la técnica de obtención de las probetas fue mediante moldeo por compresión. Se evaluó el efecto del agente entrecruzante peróxido de dicumilo (DCP en compuestos con varios porcentajes de fibra: 0; 10; 25; 50 phr. La adición de DCP (1 phr en los compuestos, mejora significativamente las propiedades de tensión con respecto a similares concentraciones de fibra; sin embargo, esta diferencia en los valores de las propiedades disminuye progresivamente cuando la cantidad de fibra se aproxima a 50 phr. El aumento en la concentración de fibra afecta negativamente las propiedades de tensión, con excepción del Módulo de Elasticidad y la Resistencia a la Fluencia. La causa principal es originada por la baja adhesión interfacial fibra natural-matriz polimérica, claramente evidenciada en las imágenes SEM.

Efeito da forma de processamento e do tratamento da fibra de curauá nas propriedades de compósitos com poliamida-6 Effect of the processing method and curauá fiber treatment on the properties of polyamide-6 composites

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Paulo A. Santos

2009-01-01

Full Text Available O interesse pela utilização de fibras vegetais como reforço para polímeros tem aumentado recentemente devido às suas vantagens ambientais e tecnológicas. Este trabalho avaliou o uso de fibras de Curauá para substituir a fibra de vidro em compósitos de poliamida-6. Teores de fibra de 0, 20, 30 ou 40 wt% e comprimento de 0,1 ou 10 mm foram analisados. Parte das fibras foi tratada com plasma de N2 ou lavados com solução de NaOH, para melhorar a adesão fibra/matriz. Compósitos com 20 wt% de fibra curta ou longa, sem ou com pré-tratamento, foram preparados em misturador interno e em duas extrusoras dupla-rosca, co-rotantes, interpenetrantes. Corpos de prova destas amostras moldados por injeção foram submetidos a testes de propriedades mecânicas (tração, flexão e impacto e térmicas (HDT. Observou-se que para as amostras com fibras sem tratamento processadas em extrusora, a não-secagem das matérias-primas melhorou a adesão interfacial fibra/matriz e que as propriedades mecânicas destes compósitos são melhores que a da PA-6 sem reforço, mas ainda não superam a PA-6 reforçada com fibra de vidro. Entretanto, sua menor densidade, sua resistência ao impacto, temperatura de deflexão térmica e contração de moldagem, comparáveis às da PA-6 reforçada com fibra de vidro, podem viabilizar a substituição desta em aplicações específicas. Este foi o primeiro trabalho a estudar o uso de fibra de curauá como reforço de um termoplástico de engenharia como a poliamida-6.The interest for the use of vegetal fibers as polymer reinforcement has recently increased because of their unique environmental and technological advantages. This work evaluated the use of Curauá fibers in polyamide-6 composites, aiming at glass fiber replacement. Fiber contents of 0, 20, 30 and 40 wt% and fiber lengths of 0.1 or 10 mm were analyzed. Part of short fibers were treated with N2 plasma, or washed with NaOH solution, to improve their adhesion to

The Enigmatic Persistence of Anorexia Nervosa

Science.gov (United States)

Walsh, B. Timothy

2014-01-01

Objective In this review, based on recent advances in cognitive neuroscience, the author presents a formulation in which the marked persistence of anorexia nervosa can be usefully understood as a well-ingrained maladaptive habit. Method The author reviewed the relevant literature on the development and course of anorexia nervosa and interpreted critical features in light of developments in cognitive neuroscience. Results Anorexia nervosa is a well characterized disorder with remarkable persistence both across history and among affected individuals. Food restriction, the salient behavioral feature of the disorder, often begins innocently but gradually takes on a life of its own. Over time, it becomes highly entrenched and resistant to change through either psychological or pharmacological treatment. Cognitive neuroscience has described two related but distinct processes that underlie the acquisition of new patterns of behavior, namely, action-outcome and stimulus-response learning. It is likely that both processes are engaged in the development of anorexia nervosa and that stimulus-response learning (that is, habit formation) is critical to the persistence of the dieting behavior. Conclusions The formulation of the dieting behavior characteristic of anorexia nervosa as a well-entrenched habit provides a basis for understanding the striking persistence of this disorder. This model helps explain the resistance of anorexia nervosa to interventions that have established efficacy in related disorders and implies that addressing the dieting behavior is critical, especially early in the course of the illness, before it has become ingrained. PMID:23429750

Obtenção de um revestimento compósito de poliéster-uretana reforçado com alumina pela técnica de deposição por imersão sobre fibras de poliamida 6 Preparation of a composite coating of alumina reinforced polyester urethane by dip coating on polyamide 6 fibers

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F. A. L. Sánchez

2009-12-01

Full Text Available O uso de revestimentos compósitos de matriz polimérica e reforço cerâmico capazes de manter a flexibilidade e a elasticidade das fibras poliméricas, agregando propriedades típicas dos materiais cerâmicos (como ação bactericida ou fotocatalítica, resistência à chama, ao desgaste e à abrasão, tem atraído interesse da indústria têxtil. Baseado na técnica dip coating e usando fibras sintéticas de poliamida como substrato, foram produzidas suspensões de poliéster-uretana com partículas de alumina (tamanho médio de partícula 2,2 μm para obtenção de revestimentos uniformes e espessos sobre o material base, poliamida 6. A viscosidade das suspensões foi controlada pela adição de carboximetilcelulose e avaliada por reometria rotacional. A distribuição granulométrica das suspensões também foi determinada. Os parâmetros operacionais do dip coating, i.e., velocidade de bobinamento e temperatura dos fornos, foram mantidos constantes em todas as amostras. O processo mostrou viabilidade para deposição uniforme do recobrimento avaliado, com espessura adequada, indicando ser promissor para revestir fibras, agregando propriedades de interesse tecnológico.Ceramic reinforced polymer composite coatings that can retain the flexibility and elasticity of the polymeric fibers, being also able to incorporate the functionality of ceramic materials (e.g. fire, wear, or abrasion resistance, antibacterial performance, photocatalytic effect are interesting to the processing of textile materials. In this work, polyester-urethane slurries with alumina particles (mean particle size: 2.2 μm were developed based on the dip coating technique and using polyamide-6 synthetic fibers as the substrate, seeking to obtain an uniform and thick coating. The viscosity of the slurries was varied using carboxymethylcellulose as a rheological agent and evaluated by rotational rheometry. Particle size distribution of the slurries was also analyzed. The

Cutaneous manifestations in anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Hediger, C; Rost, B; Itin, P

2000-04-22

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder among adolescent girls and young women which, though common, often goes undetected and untreated. Anorexia nervosa is a response for young people with psychological conflicts who try to win love by having a body corresponding to the present-day image, symbolising strength, beauty, attraction, power and success. Anorexia nervosa involves inadequate calorie intake leading to marked cachexia with metabolic and endocrinological disturbances. We investigated dermatological changes in 21 young female anorectics aged 19-24 in an attempt to find dermatological markers which mirror the dynamics of the disease and thus obtain helpful signs for early diagnosis with its important bearing on the outcome. Extensive histories were taken and whole-body examinations performed. Seven sex- and age-matched persons served as a control group. The most common dermatological findings were xerosis (71%, controls 29%), cheilitis (76%), bodily hypertrichosis (62%), alopecia (24%), dry scalp hair (48%), acral coldness (38%), acrocyanosis (33%), periungual erythema (48%), gingival changes (37%), nail changes (29%) and calluses on dorsum of hand due to self-induced vomiting (67%). Our study documented for the first time that a body mass index of anorexia nervosa and in HIV infection. Patients with anorexia nervosa develop early stereotype skin changes which are cardinal diagnostic symptoms and pointers to the diagnosis of eating disorders. During training at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Solothurn one of us (C. H.) was once more able to observe most of the above-described cutaneous and mucocutaneous changes in anorexic adolescents. This paper is intended to stimulate further basic research on this topic. We hope our study will facilitate early diagnosis of anorexia nervosa by the family physician and enable him or her to institute immediate treatment for the eating disorder and thereby improve the prognosis.

Anorexia Nervosa, Obesity and Bone Metabolism

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Misra, Madhusmita; Klibanski, Anne

2014-01-01

Anorexia nervosa and obesity are conditions at the extreme ends of the nutritional spectrum, associated with marked reductions versus increases respectively in body fat content. Both conditions are also associated with an increased risk for fractures. In anorexia nervosa, body composition and hormones secreted or regulated by body fat content are important determinants of low bone density, impaired bone structure and reduced bone strength. In addition, anorexia nervosa is characterized by increases in marrow adiposity and decreases in cold activated brown adipose tissue, both of which are related to low bone density. In obese individuals, greater visceral adiposity is associated with greater marrow fat, lower bone density and impaired bone structure. In this review, we discuss bone metabolism in anorexia nervosa and obesity in relation to adipose tissue distribution and hormones secreted or regulated by body fat content. PMID:24079076

Vibrómetro de fibra óptica codificado en frecuencia

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Prudencio, Guillermo

2013-01-01

En el presente proyecto se expone el desarrollo de un vibrómetro basado en fibra óptica. La motivación de este proyecto es el diseño de un sistema capaz de monitorizar las vibraciones de una máquina mediante el uso de tecnología láser y de fibra óptica. Mediante este sistema es posible el cálculo de la frecuencia y amplitud de la vibración de la máquina. El vibrómetro está basado en el principio de interferencia de la luz. Un haz de luz coherente proporcionado por un láser se divide en dos: u...

Geriatric Anorexia Nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Zayed, Moaweya; Garry, Joseph P

2017-01-01

Eating disorders are not commonly diagnosed in individuals aged >50 years, yet they are associated with significant psychiatric comorbidities and overall morbidity. Anorexia nervosa is the most common eating disorder among this age group, and women are affected most often. We present the fatal case of a 66-year old woman with severe malnutrition and newly diagnosed anorexia nervosa. Inpatient refeeding was unsuccessful, and she succumbed to multisystem organ failure. The timely recognition of eating disorders among older people is important for family physicians who care for patients across the life spectrum. © Copyright 2017 by the American Board of Family Medicine.

Fractures in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Other Eating Disorders - A Nationwide Register Study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vestergaard, P.; Emborg, C.; Støving, R.K.

2002-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To study fracture risk in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). METHOD: Cohort study including all Danes diagnosed with AN (n = 2,149), BN (n = 1,294), or EDNOS (n = 942) between 1977 and 1998. Each patient...

Avaliação dos teores de fibra alimentar e de beta-glicanas em cultivares de aveia (Avena sativa L Evaluation of dietary fiber and beta-glucan levels in oat (Avena sativa L cultivars

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Luiz C. GUTKOSKI

1999-12-01

Full Text Available A fibra alimentar é composta por celulose, hemiceluloses, gomas, pectinas e mucilagens sendo classificada em solúvel e insolúvel, quanto a sua solubilidade em água. As beta-glicanas são componentes da fibra alimentar solúvel presentes na aveia e sua importância é devido às propriedades funcionais e aos efeitos hipocolesterolêmicos e hipoglicêmicos apresentados. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar os teores de fibra alimentar solúvel, insolúvel e total e de beta-glicanas de cultivares de aveia recomendados pela Comissão Brasileira de Pesquisa de Aveia. Grãos de aveia (Avena sativa, L foram descascados, as cariopses moídas e as amostras acondicionadas e armazenadas à temperatura de -20° C. Para a análise de fibra alimentar foi adotada a metodologia da AOAC (1997. Entre os cultivares analisados, UPF 7, UPF 13, UPF 14 e UPF 16 apresentaram os maiores teores de fibra alimentar insolúvel. Os maiores teores de fibra alimentar solúvel foram verificados nos cultivares UFRGS 7, CTC 13, UPF 16 e CTC 2. O cultivar UPF 16 apresentou o maior teor de fibra alimentar total, seguido de UFRGS 7, CTC 13 e UFRGS 18. Para a determinação de beta-glicanas foi adotada a metodologia da AOAC (1997. Os maiores teores de beta-glicanas foram verificados nos cultivares UFRGS 7, UPF 14 e UFRGS 18.The dietary fiber is composed by cellulose, hemi-celluloses, gums, pectins, and mucilages, being classified as soluble or insoluble depending on its solubility in water. Beta-glucans are a fraction of the soluble dietary fiber, being important due to its functional properties and effects in reducing cholesterol and glucose. This work aimed at evaluating the levels of soluble, insoluble, and total dietary fiber, as well as the amount of beta-glucans, present in grains of oat cultivars recommended by the Brazilian Commission for Oat Research. Oat grains were hulled, the caryopses were ground and the samples packaged and stored at temperature of -20º

Bone size and volumetric density in women with anorexia nervosa receiving estrogen replacement therapy and in women recovered from anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Karlsson, M K; Weigall, S J; Duan, Y; Seeman, E

2000-09-01

Anorexia nervosa is associated with bone loss during adulthood, but may also delay skeletal growth and mineral accrual during growth. We asked the following questions. 1) Is anorexia nervosa associated with reduced bone size and reduced volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD)? 2) Is estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) or recovery from anorexia nervosa associated with normal bone size and vBMD? Using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, we measured bone size and vBMD of the third lumbar vertebra and femoral neck in a cross-sectional study of 161 female patients: 77 with untreated anorexia nervosa, 58 with anorexia nervosa receiving ERT, 26 recovered from anorexia nervosa, and 205 healthy age-matched controls. Results were expressed as the SD or z-score (mean +/- SEM). Deficits in vertebral body and femoral neck width in untreated women were -1.0 +/- 0.1 and -0.3 +/- 0.1 SD (P anorexia nervosa is due to reduced bone size and reduced vBMD. Although causality cannot be inferred in cross-sectional studies, the data are consistent with the view that malnutrition may contribute to reduced bone size, whereas estrogen deficiency may reduce vBMD. The use of ERT early in disease is a reasonable component of management if the chance of recovery appears remote.

Socio-cultural factors in the development of anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Garner, D M; Garfinkel, P E

1980-11-01

A population of professional dance (N = 183) and modelling (N = 56) students, who by career choice must focus increased attention and control over their body shapes, was studied. Height and weight data were obtained on all subjects. In addition, a questionnaire that is useful in assessing the symptoms of anorexia nervosa, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), was administered. Results of these tests were compared with those of normal female university students (N = 59), patients with anorexia nervosa (N = 68), and music students (N = 35). Anorexia nervosa and excessive dieting concerns were overrepresented in the dance and modelling students. Twelve cases (6.5%) of primary anorexia nervosa were detected in the dance group. All but one case developed the disorder while studying dance. Within the dance group those from the most competitive environments had the greatest frequency of anorexia nervosa. These data suggest that both pressures to be slim and achievement expectations are risk factors in the development of anorexia nervosa. The influence of socio-cultural determinants are discussed within the context of anorexia nervosa as a multidetermined disorder.

Proyecto de apertura de una Planta de Recolección de Fibras Secundarias en la zona norte de la República del Perú, Piura

OpenAIRE

Coellar Neira, Paulo Geovanny

2005-01-01

Fibras Secundarias. La utilización de fibras secundarias en la elaboración y producción de papel. La recuperación de fibras secundarias. El Mercado Ecuatoriano de Fibras Secundarias. Análisis de Mercado. Determinación del mercado potencial, comparación con países desarrollados. ¿Cómo potenciar el mercado nacional de recuperación de fibras?. Marco legal actual y deseado. Análisis y comentario. Fuentes alternativas de aprovisionamiento de fibras secundarias. Análisis del potencial mercado del P...

The diet of an individual diagnosed with anorexia nervosa

OpenAIRE

SRBOVÁ, Martina

2015-01-01

The aim of this Bachelor thesis entitled "A diet of individual with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa" was to monitor the content and quality of the diet of people with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is a very serious disease belonging to the group of eating disorders. The prevalence of this disease increases, to which primarily affect media and requirements of today's society excessively slender figure, other factors that influence the formation of anorexia nervosa include b...

Estudo da Estabilização Termo-Oxidativa de Fitas e Feixes de Fibras de Poliacrilonitrila

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Costa Andréa M. A. R.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Os estudos relacionados ao processo de fabricação de fibras de carbono indicam que a etapa de estabilização termo-oxidativa das fibras precursoras é limitante, envolvendo reações químicas complexas e mudanças na estrutura física das fibras. Com o objetivo de se conhecer melhor a etapa de estabilização e eliminar gastos em testes experimentais, a modelagem e a simulação surgem para tentar otimizar este processo. Apresenta-se neste trabalho um modelo matemático para a etapa de estabilização de uma fita de fibras de poliacrilonitrila. As equações do modelo descrevem as principais reações químicas de estabilização, a difusão de oxigênio e a transferência de calor na fita. Para a resolução do modelo foi desenvolvido um programa computacional na linguagem Fortran, utilizando os métodos de Colocação Ortogonal e Rungefraction three-quarters Kutta Semi-implícito. Foram obtidos resultados de temperaturas e concentrações na fita de fibras de poliacrilonitrila em função do tempo de estabilização e da posição na espessura da fita. Estes resultados foram analisados e comparados com os simulados em um feixe de fibras de poliacrilonitrila e indicaram que a transferência de calor na fita é melhor do que no feixe e conseqüentemente as reações exotérmicas são mais controladas.

Combinación de fibras de acero de última generación para el refuerzo de hormigón autocompactante

OpenAIRE

Alberti, Marcos; Enfedaque, Alejandro; Galvez, Jaime; Cortez, Adriana

2018-01-01

[ES] Dado que la mayor desventaja mecánica del hormigón son sus propiedades en tracción, las fibras normalmente se utilizan para mejorar la respuesta frente a solicitaciones de tracción y flexión, siendo las fibras de acero las más comúnmente utilizadas. Este tipo de fibras se ha utilizado con éxito en aplicaciones estructurales en los últimos 50 años y, como consecuencia, se han desarrollado nuevas fibras de acero de última generación de las que existe una bibliografía muy lim...

Reproductive issues in anorexia nervosa

OpenAIRE

Hoffman, Elizabeth R; Zerwas, Stephanie C; Bulik, Cynthia M

2011-01-01

Despite a high prevalence of menstrual irregularities, women with anorexia nervosa are becoming pregnant. The physical and psychological demands of pregnancy and motherhood can represent an immense challenge for women already struggling with the medical and psychological stress of an eating disorder. This article summarizes key issues related to reproduction in women with anorexia nervosa, highlighting the importance of preconception counseling, adequate gestational weight gain, and sufficien...

Executive functions in anorexia nervosa

OpenAIRE

Jauregui-Lobera, Ignacio

2014-01-01

Introduction: The pathophysiologic mechanisms that account for the development and persistence of anorexia nervosa (AN) remain unclear. With respect to the neuropsychological functioning, the executive functions have been reported to be altered, especially cognitive flexibility and decision-making processes. Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the current state of the neuropsychological studies focused on anorexia nervosa, especially those highlighting the executive functions. Met...

PROCESSAMENTO DE CASCA E FIBRA DE COCO VERDE POR CARBONIZAÇÃO PARA AGREGAÇÃO DE VALOR / PROCESSING OF COCONUT SHELL AND FIBER FOR ADDING VALUE

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LUIS A. B. CORTEZ

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Atualmente o Brasil é o maior produtor de coco verde, com uma área plantada equivalente a 57 mil hectares, onde a maior parte da parte da produção (66,5% se concentra na região Nordeste. O descarte do coco depois do consumo da água representa um problema para os sistemas de coleta e tratamento de lixo, pela sua lenta degradação devido ao alto teor de fibras. Neste trabalho são mostrados os resultados da pirólise lenta da fibra e da casca do coco verde. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em um forno experimental de pequena capacidade, a uma temperatura de 350°C. Os resultados mostraram que o rendimento em carbono fixo foi de 74,43% para o endocarpo verde e 58,07% para o mesocarpo verde. O teor de cinzas, para as mesmas amostras, foi de 14,13% e 13,03%, respectivamente. Os teores de voláteis foram de 11,40% para o carvão obtido do endocarpo verde e, de 28,90% para o carvão obtido do mesocarpo verde. Ficou demonstrado que o resíduo do coco verde apresenta potencial para a produção de carvão vegetal. Porém ainda é preciso estudar o rendimento, utilizando para isto, sistemas em maior escala, avaliando também o emprego integral (casca e fibra, além de estudos econômicos que considerem os custos de logística e acondicionamento.Palavras Chaves: pirólise lenta, carbonização, resíduos de coco.

A psychological typology of females diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder

OpenAIRE

Bernadetta Izydorczyk

2015-01-01

Background The present paper reports the results of research aimed at identifying intra-group differences among females suffering from different eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder) in terms of the subjects’ psychological traits, adoption of socio-cultural norms (through media pressure, internationalization of norms, and exposure to information concerning body image standards), and the level of body dissatisfaction. The following research question...

Efeito da fibra do polissacarídeo de soja no peso e na umidade das fezes de ratos em fase de crescimento

OpenAIRE

Freitas,Karine C.; Motta,Maria Eugênia F. A.; Amâncio,Olga M. S.; Fagundes Neto,Ulysses; Morais,Mauro B.

2004-01-01

OBJETIVO: Comparar, em ratos, o efeito do polissacarídeo de soja em relação a celulose e fórmula de soja sem fibra alimentar sobre o peso e a umidade fecal. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 12 ratos Wistar machos, com 21 dias de vida, distribuídos em três grupos, que receberam ração AIN-93G variando-se a fonte de fibra alimentar: grupo polissacarídeo, com 5% de fibra na forma de polissacarídeo de soja; grupo fórmula de soja, com 5% de fórmula de soja sem fibra; e grupo celulose, com 5% de fibra na f...

Efeito da modificação de superfície de fibras nas propriedades mecânicas de compósitos a base de poli (tereftalato de butileno reforçado por fibras naturais inorgânicas

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Felipe Darabas Rzatki

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho visa investigar a viabilidade de utilização de fibras naturais de sílica amorfa (FNSA como agente de reforço em polímeros de engenharia, assim como avaliar o seu potencial como alternativa às fibras de vidro curtas em aplicações industriais. Diferentes modificações na química de superfície dessas fibras foram avaliadas buscando melhorar a adesão na interface entre fibras e matriz, e consequentemente, melhorar as propriedades mecânicas do compósito. As modificações superficiais das FNSA foram realizadas através de agentes de acoplamento do tipo silano, providos com funções orgânicas distintas. O PBT foi selecionado como matriz devido a sua conhecida facilidade de processamento, mesmo após a incorporação de grandes quantidades de aditivos. A modificação das FNSA foi avaliada a partir da análise termogravimétrica acoplada à espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier. A resistência mecânica e fratura dos compósitos foi investigada por ensaios de tração e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Finalmente, obtiveram-se compósitos com fibras modificadas com resistência à tração 40% superior ao material base puro.

[Adaptation of psychodrama in psychotherapy of patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa].

Science.gov (United States)

Izydorczyk, Bernadetta

2011-01-01

The aim of the article was an attempt to present selected theoretical motifs and moreover self experience in the adaptation of elements of psychodrama by Moreno in psychodynamic psychotherapy (individual and group psychotherapy) in a group of people with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Psychodrama through own creativity, spontaneity and taking action on the "here and now" stage helps to attain and intensify therapeutic aims which concern the consciousness of inner conflict of persons with anorexia and bulimia nervosa, which is translocated on their body.

Anorexia Nervosa/Bulimia: The Teenager's Dilemma.

Science.gov (United States)

Thompson, G. Sue

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are currently being studied with great intensity by the medical profession. Anorexia nervosa was first described in the medical literature in 1868, but was considered a rarity until the late 1930's. Bulimia was not identified in the medical literature until 1979. Recent studies suggest that approximately five percent…

Grey matter correlates of autistic traits in women with anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Björnsdotter, Malin; Davidovic, Monika; Karjalainen, Louise; Starck, Göran; Olausson, Håkan; Wentz, Elisabet

2018-03-01

Patients with anorexia nervosa exhibit higher levels of behaviours typically associated with autism-spectrum disorder (ASD), but the neural basis is unclear. We sought to determine whether elevated autistic traits in women with anorexia nervosa may be reflected in cortical morphology. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to examine regional grey matter volumes in high-resolution MRI structural brain scans in women with anorexia nervosa and matched healthy controls. The Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ) scale was used to assess autistic traits. Women with anorexia nervosa ( n = 25) had higher AQ scores and lower bilateral superior temporal sulcus (STS) grey matter volumes than the control group ( n = 25). The AQ scores correlated negatively with average left STS grey matter volume in women with anorexia nervosa. We did not control for cognitive ability and examined only women with ongoing anorexia nervosa. Elevated autistic traits in women with anorexia nervosa are associated with morphometric alterations of brain areas linked to social cognition. This finding provides neurobiological support for the behavioural link between anorexia nervosa and ASD and emphasizes the importance of recognizing autistic traits in preventing and treating anorexia nervosa.

Grey matter correlates of autistic traits in women with anorexia nervosa

Science.gov (United States)

Davidovic, Monika; Karjalainen, Louise; Starck, Göran; Olausson, Håkan; Wentz, Elisabet

2018-01-01

Background Patients with anorexia nervosa exhibit higher levels of behaviours typically associated with autism-spectrum disorder (ASD), but the neural basis is unclear. We sought to determine whether elevated autistic traits in women with anorexia nervosa may be reflected in cortical morphology. Methods We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to examine regional grey matter volumes in high-resolution MRI structural brain scans in women with anorexia nervosa and matched healthy controls. The Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ) scale was used to assess autistic traits. Results Women with anorexia nervosa (n = 25) had higher AQ scores and lower bilateral superior temporal sulcus (STS) grey matter volumes than the control group (n = 25). The AQ scores correlated negatively with average left STS grey matter volume in women with anorexia nervosa. Limitations We did not control for cognitive ability and examined only women with ongoing anorexia nervosa. Conclusion Elevated autistic traits in women with anorexia nervosa are associated with morphometric alterations of brain areas linked to social cognition. This finding provides neurobiological support for the behavioural link between anorexia nervosa and ASD and emphasizes the importance of recognizing autistic traits in preventing and treating anorexia nervosa. PMID:29481315

The Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia: A Multidimensional Group Approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Richards, P. Scott

This paper defines the eating disorders of anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and bulimia nervosa, a bulimic subtype of anorexia nervosa. The diagnosis of these disorders is discussed and similarities and differences among the three disorders are reviewed. Etiological factors are considered and current trends in treatment of anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and…

Características de adhesión entre fibras de queratina y poliéster insaturado

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Marco Paniagua

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presentan los métodos y resultados utilizados para determinar las características de adhesión entre fibras de queratina y una matriz de poliéster insaturado. Las fibras fueron preparadas con varios tratamientos superficiales para determinar el efecto de estos en la adhesión a la matriz mediante: i pruebas de desgarre de monofilamento, pull-out, como método directo de medición y ii pruebas de tensión en laminados como método indirecto para estudiar, mediante microscopía electrónica SEM, la adhesión fibra matriz en la zona de fractura.

Endocrinology of anorexia nervosa in young people: recent insights

Science.gov (United States)

Singhal, Vibha; Misra, Madhusmita; Klibanski, Anne

2014-01-01

Purpose of review Anorexia nervosa is among the most prevalent chronic medical conditions in young adults. It has acute as well as long-term consequences, some of which, such as low bone mineral density (BMD), are not completely reversible even after weight restoration. This review discusses our current understanding of endocrine consequences of anorexia nervosa. Recent findings Anorexia nervosa is characterized by changes in multiple neuroendocrine axes including acquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, growth hormone resistance with low insulin-like growth factor-1 (likely mediated by fibroblast growth factor-1), relative hypercortisolemia, alterations in adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin and resistin, and gut peptides including ghrelin, PYY and amylin. These changes in turn contribute to low BMD. Studies in anorexia nervosa have demonstrated abnormalities in bone microarchitecture and strength, and an association between increased marrow fat and decreased BMD. One study in adolescents reported an improvement in BMD following physiologic estrogen replacement, and another in adults demonstrated improved BMD following risedronate administration. Brown adipose tissue is reduced in anorexia nervosa, consistent with an adaptive response to the energy deficit state. Summary Anorexia nervosa is associated with widespread physiologic adaptations to the underlying state of undernutrition. Hormonal changes in anorexia nervosa affect BMD adversely. Further investigation is underway to optimize therapeutic strategies for low BMD. PMID:24275621

Anorexia nervosa and major depression: shared genetic and environmental risk factors.

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Wade, T D; Bulik, C M; Neale, M; Kendler, K S

2000-03-01

The authors sought to derive heritability estimates for anorexia nervosa and to explore the etiology of the comorbid relationship between anorexia nervosa and major depression. They applied bivariate structural equation modeling to a broad definition of anorexia nervosa and lifetime major depression as assessed in a population-based sample of 2,163 female twins. Anorexia nervosa was estimated to have a heritability of 58% (95% confidence interval=33%-84%). The authors were unable to completely rule out a contribution of shared environment. The comorbidity between anorexia nervosa and major depression is likely due to genetic factors that influence the risk for both disorders. Although the study was limited by the small number of affected twins, the results suggest that genetic factors significantly influence the risk for anorexia nervosa and substantially contribute to the observed comorbidity between anorexia nervosa and major depression.

Social Cognition in Child and Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa

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ipek Percinel

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Social cognition represents the mental processes of social interaction between oneself and others. In recent years, the interest in social cognition skills has increased in cases with eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that is associated with the multiple factors in etiology. Treatment of anorexia nervosa is still controversial. The youths diagnosed with anorexia nervosa are known to be as the most difficult group in eating disorders for building therapeutic relations. Studies, mostly suggests that there are difficulties in social cognitive functions in patients with anorexia nervosa. However, there are studies that reported different results. It seems that, the majority of studies which evaluate the social cognitive functions in patients with anorexia nervosa, are carried out with the adult age group. There are limited number of studies in child and adolescent age group. The purpose of this paper was to examinate the studies of social cognitive skills in children and adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and present the general characteristics. [Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2015; 7(2: 178-189

Hypovitaminosis D3, Leukopenia, and Human Serotonin Transporter Polymorphism in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa.

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Tasegian, Anna; Curcio, Francesco; Dalla Ragione, Laura; Rossetti, Francesca; Cataldi, Samuela; Codini, Michela; Ambesi-Impiombato, Francesco Saverio; Beccari, Tommaso; Albi, Elisabetta

2016-01-01

Vitamin D3 has been described to have different extraskeletal roles by acting as parahormone in obesity, diabetes, cancer, cognitive impairment, and dementia and to have important regulatory functions in innate immunity. There are no studies showing extraskeletal changes associated with hypovitaminosis D3 in eating disorders. Methods. We have analyzed the blood of 18 patients affected by anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa collected over a 15-month period. We performed a panel of chemical and clinical analyses: the assay of vitamin D3, the immunoblotting of vitamin D receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and the genotyping of 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter linked polymorphic region. Results. We choose 18 patients with a normal blood test profile such as thyroid hormones, hepatic and renal parameters, triglycerides, proteins, vitamin B12, and folic acid. Among these emerged the case of a woman with long-term anorexia nervosa and the case of a woman with long-term bulimia nervosa both complicated by anxiety and depression, severe hypovitaminosis D3, decrease of vitamin D receptor, leukopenia, and 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter linked polymorphic region short allele. Conclusion. The results induce hypothesising that the severe hypovitaminosis D3 might be responsible for the lack of the inflammatory response and the depressive symptoms in patients with long-term eating disorders.

Action monitoring and perfectionism in anorexia nervosa

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pieters, G.L.M.; Bruijn, E.R.A. de; Maas, Y.J.; Hulstijn, W.; Vandereycken, W.; Peuskens, J.; Sabbe, B.G.C.

2007-01-01

To study action monitoring in anorexia nervosa, behavioral and EEG measures were obtained in underweight anorexia nervosa patients (n = 17) and matched healthy controls (n = 19) while performing a speeded choice-reaction task. Our main measures of interest were questionnaire outcomes, reaction

Applying neurobiology to the treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa.

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Hill, Laura; Peck, Stephanie Knatz; Wierenga, Christina E; Kaye, Walter H

2016-01-01

Anorexia nervosa is a severe, biologically based brain disorder with significant medical complications. It is critical that new, effective treatments are developed to interrupt the persistent course of the illness due to the medical and psychological sequelae. Several psychosocial, behavioral and pharmacologic interventions have been investigated in adult anorexia nervosa; however, evidence shows that their impact is weak and treatment effects are generally small. This paper describes a new neurobiological anorexia nervosa model that shifts focus from solely external influences, such as social and family, to include internal influences that integrate genetic and neurobiological contributions, across the age span. The model serves as a theoretical structure for a new, five-day treatment, outlined in this paper, targeting anorexia nervosa temperament, which integrates neurobiological dimensions into evidence-based treatment interventions. The treatment is in two phases. Phase I is a five day, 40 hour treatment for anorexia nervosa adults. Phase II is the follow-up and is currently being developed. Preliminary qualitative acceptability data on 37 adults with anorexia nervosa and 60 supports (e.g., spouses, parents, aunts, friends, partners, children of anorexia nervosa adults) are promising from Phase I. Clients with anorexia nervosa and their supports report that learning neurobiological facts improved their understanding of the illness and helped equip them with better tools to manage anorexia nervosa traits and symptoms. In addition, nutritional knowledge changed significantly. This is the first neurobiologically based, five-day treatment for adults with anorexia nervosa and their supports. It is a new model that outlines underlying genetic and neurobiological contributions to anorexia nervosa that serves as a foundation to treat both traits and symptoms. Preliminary qualitative findings are promising, with both clients and supports reporting that the

Perfis de polietileno reciclado carregado com fibra de açaí

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BRITO, Paulo Roberto de Oliveira

2012-01-01

Foram obtidos perfis tubulares porosos de polietileno (PE) e de polietileno/fibra de açaí (PE/PA) 80/20 extrudados a partir de partículas granuladas de polietileno de alta densidade reciclado de embalagens pós-consumo de 600 μm, e deste com fibra de açaí de 300 μm. Para o processamento das peças foi desenvolvida uma extrusora mono-rosca de bancada, com sistema mecânico acionado por um motor elétrico de ½ CV (0,37 kw) controlado por um inversor de freqüência, com canhões, roscas, matriz e sist...

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: brains, bones and breeding.

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Starr, Taylor B; Kreipe, Richard E

2014-05-01

Recent research has modified both the conceptualization and treatment of eating disorders. New diagnostic criteria reducing the "not otherwise specified" category should facilitate the early recognition and treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Technology-based studies identify AN and BN as "brain circuit" disorders; epidemiologic studies reveal that the narrow racial, ethnic and income profile of individuals no longer holds true for AN. The major organs affected long term-the brain and skeletal system-both respond to improved nutrition, with maintenance of body weight the best predictor of recovery. Twin studies have revealed gene x environment interactions, including both the external (social) and internal (pubertal) environments of boys and of girls. Family-based treatment has the best evidence base for effectiveness for younger patients. Medication plays a limited role in AN, but a major role in BN. Across diagnoses, the most important medicine is food.

Efeito da argila calcinada sobre a durabilidade de argamassas reforçadas com fibras curtas de sisal Effect of calcined clay on aging of sisal short fiber reinforced mortar

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João de Farias Filho

2010-10-01

Full Text Available O interesse pelo uso de fibras vegetais como reforço de matrizes, à base de cimento, tem crescido em todo o mundo nos últimos anos, sendo limitado pela baixa durabilidade das fibras no meio alcalino. Com o tempo, as fibras podem mineralizar devido à migração de hidróxido de cálcio (CH da matriz para o lúmen e paredes das fibro-células. Procurou-se consumir, no presente estudo, o CH livre utilizando-se resíduo de tijolo moído e metacaulinita em substituição parcial, de 20 e 40% em peso, do cimento portland. Compósitos com fibras de sisal e matrizes cimento-pozolana foram submetidos a ensaios de resistência a flexão, após 28 dias de cura em água, 135 e 180 dias de envelhecimento natural e após 94 ciclos de molhagem e secagem. Os resultados indicaram que é possível consumir todo o CH da matriz, o que resultou na manutenção da tenacidade inicial do compósito e no aumento da sua resistência a flexão após exposição natural ou ciclos de molhagem e secagem.In the last few years a growing interest in the use of sisal fibers as reinforcement in cement based composites has been observed. However, the main concern for its use is related with the durability of the fibers in the alkaline water of concrete as they can mineralize due to the migration of calcium hydroxide to the fiber lumen and cell walls. In this study, the alkalinity of the matrix was reduced using metakaolin and crushed waste calcined clay bricks as cement replacement. The percentage of cement replacement ranged from 20 to 40% on weight basis. Flexural tests were carried out in the composites after 28 days of cure in water, 135 and 180 days of ageing in the open air and after 94 cycles of wetting and drying. These results indicated that the mixture with cement replacement consumed all calcium hydroxide and kept the toughness over time.

Anorexia Nervosa: Analysis of Trabecular Texture with CT.

Science.gov (United States)

Tabari, Azadeh; Torriani, Martin; Miller, Karen K; Klibanski, Anne; Kalra, Mannudeep K; Bredella, Miriam A

2017-04-01

Purpose To determine indexes of skeletal integrity by using computed tomographic (CT) trabecular texture analysis of the lumbar spine in patients with anorexia nervosa and normal-weight control subjects and to determine body composition predictors of trabecular texture. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was approved by the institutional review board and compliant with HIPAA. Written informed consent was obtained. The study included 30 women with anorexia nervosa (mean age ± standard deviation, 26 years ± 6) and 30 normal-weight age-matched women (control group). All participants underwent low-dose single-section quantitative CT of the L4 vertebral body with use of a calibration phantom. Trabecular texture analysis was performed by using software. Skewness (asymmetry of gray-level pixel distribution), kurtosis (pointiness of pixel distribution), entropy (inhomogeneity of pixel distribution), and mean value of positive pixels (MPP) were assessed. Bone mineral density and abdominal fat and paraspinal muscle areas were quantified with quantitative CT. Women with anorexia nervosa and normal-weight control subjects were compared by using the Student t test. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine associations between trabecular texture and body composition. Results Women with anorexia nervosa had higher skewness and kurtosis, lower MPP (P anorexia nervosa. Conclusion Patients with anorexia nervosa had increased skewness and kurtosis and decreased entropy and MPP compared with normal-weight control subjects. These parameters were associated with lowest lifetime weight and duration of amenorrhea, but there were no such associations with bone mineral density. These findings suggest that trabecular texture analysis might contribute information about bone health in anorexia nervosa that is independent of that provided with bone mineral density. © RSNA, 2016.

The clinical features of late onset anorexia nervosa.

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Joughin, N. A.; Crisp, A. H.; Gowers, S. G.; Bhat, A. V.

1991-01-01

This study examines clinical features of late onset anorexia nervosa. This involved the scrutiny of a large database of patients with anorexia nervosa comprising data gathered at standardized initial assessments over the period 1960-1990. Patients with a late onset were compared to other selected patient samples. The population comprised 12 patients with a first onset of anorexia nervosa at or after the age of 30, 415 patients with an onset after 15 but before 20 and 9 patients with an onset ...

Estudio de viabilidad de cajones marítimos con hormigón con fibras

OpenAIRE

Ramos Marquès, Òscar Gonçal

2017-01-01

En este TFM se estudia la viabilidad de sustituir la armadura pasiva por fibras metálicas o plásticas en cajones para obras portuarias. Para ello, en primer lugar, se estudia el procedimiento constructivo de un cajón y las propiedades de los hormigones con fibras. Una vez analizado el estado del conocimiento se procede a escoger un cajón representativo, ya construido con armadura pasiva. El cajón escogido es el cajón tipo 3 del dique est...

"Fasting Girls": Reflections on Writing the History of Anorexia Nervosa

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Brumberg, Joan Jacobs

1986-01-01

Reflects on the history of anorexia nervosa among adolescent ("fasting") girls, suggesting that its psychodynamics have changed over time. Focuses on the social and cultural processes by which anorexia nervosa became a disease. Argues for a conception of anorexia nervosa that incorporates culture as well as biomedical and psychological…

Hypovitaminosis D3, Leukopenia, and Human Serotonin Transporter Polymorphism in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Tasegian

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Vitamin D3 has been described to have different extraskeletal roles by acting as parahormone in obesity, diabetes, cancer, cognitive impairment, and dementia and to have important regulatory functions in innate immunity. There are no studies showing extraskeletal changes associated with hypovitaminosis D3 in eating disorders. Methods. We have analyzed the blood of 18 patients affected by anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa collected over a 15-month period. We performed a panel of chemical and clinical analyses: the assay of vitamin D3, the immunoblotting of vitamin D receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and the genotyping of 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter linked polymorphic region. Results. We choose 18 patients with a normal blood test profile such as thyroid hormones, hepatic and renal parameters, triglycerides, proteins, vitamin B12, and folic acid. Among these emerged the case of a woman with long-term anorexia nervosa and the case of a woman with long-term bulimia nervosa both complicated by anxiety and depression, severe hypovitaminosis D3, decrease of vitamin D receptor, leukopenia, and 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter linked polymorphic region short allele. Conclusion. The results induce hypothesising that the severe hypovitaminosis D3 might be responsible for the lack of the inflammatory response and the depressive symptoms in patients with long-term eating disorders.

Aspectos ultra-estruturais da doença de Parkinson

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James Pitágoras de Mattos

1989-12-01

Full Text Available A análise de cinco encéfalos humanos, quatro de pacientes parkinsonianos e um de controle, pela microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, evidenciou as seguintes mais freqüentes alterações: empobrecimento de fibras nervosas, grande aumento do espaço intersticial, desintegração do neurópilo e tumefação e degeneração das mitocôndrias. Com exceção das alterações mitocondriais, as demais ocorreram em todos os encéfalos dos parkinsonianos, fato não observado no caso controle, o que torna difícil atribuí-las à fixação. Traduzem, em última análise, a perda neuronal crônica. Houve, também, presença de depósitos amorfos no interior das mitocôndrias, dos axônios, do citoplasma e do espaço intersticial.

[Prevalence of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and other eating disorders in adolescent girls in Reus (Spain)].

Science.gov (United States)

Olesti Baiges, M; Piñol Moreso, J L; Martín Vergara, N; de la Fuente García, M; Riera Solé, A; Bofarull Bosch, J Maria; Ricomá de Castellarnau, G

2008-01-01

Eating disorders are characterized by changes in eating patterns associated with a series of psychosocial conflicts, low self-esteem and poor empathy, and an obsession with slimming. The aims of the present study were: 1. To determinate the prevalence of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and other eating disorders in a representative sample of adolescent girls between the ages of 12 and 21 living in the city of Reus (Spain). 2. To evaluate the association between eating disorders and alterations on the Eating Attitudes Test-40 (EAT-40), Body Attitudes Test (BAT), and the Aesthetic Body Shape Questionnaire (CIMEC). We performed a cross-sectional observational study in a random sample of adolescent girls aged between 12 and 21 years old. Information was gathered from a structured questionnaire on demographic and anthropometric factors (age, place of birth, education, etc.), clinical examination, clinical interview, DMS-IV diagnostic criteria, and three self-administered tests: EAT-40, BAT and CIMEC. A total of 551 adolescents were analyzed. The mean age was 17.6+/-2.5 years. Diagnostic criteria of anorexia nervosa were found in 0.9% (95% CI: 0.4-2.4), bulimia nervosa in 2.9% (95% CI: 1.7-4.7), and other eating disorders in 5.3% (95% CI: 3.6-7.5). The test showing the greatest alterations was the CIMEC (38%), followed by the BAT (27.1%) and EAT-40 (23.1%). All the adolescents that met the diagnostic criteria of anorexia nervosa showed alterations in all three tests. The high prevalence of eating disorders indicates the need for greater direct involvement among health professionals. The EAT-40, BAT and CIMEC are effective screening instruments for these disorders.

Instagram use is linked to increased symptoms of orthorexia nervosa.

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Turner, Pixie G; Lefevre, Carmen E

2017-06-01

Social media use is ever increasing amongst young adults and has previously been shown to have negative effects on body image, depression, social comparison, and disordered eating. One eating disorder of interest in this context is orthorexia nervosa, an obsession with eating healthily. High orthorexia nervosa prevalence has been found in populations who take an active interest in their health and body and is frequently comorbid with anorexia nervosa. Here, we investigate links between social media use, in particularly Instagram and orthorexia nervosa symptoms. We conducted an online survey of social media users (N = 680) following health food accounts. We assessed their social media use, eating behaviours, and orthorexia nervosa symptoms using the ORTO-15 inventory. Higher Instagram use was associated with a greater tendency towards orthorexia nervosa, with no other social media channel having this effect. In exploratory analyses Twitter showed a small positive association with orthorexia symptoms. BMI and age had no association with orthorexia nervosa. The prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among the study population was 49%, which is significantly higher than the general population (Instagram has a high prevalence of orthorexia symptoms, with higher Instagram use being linked to increased symptoms. These findings highlight the implications social media can have on psychological wellbeing, and the influence social media 'celebrities' may have over hundreds of thousands of individuals. These results may also have clinical implications for eating disorder development and recovery.

Remission of anorexia nervosa after thyroidectomy: A report of two cases with Graves' disease and anorexia nervosa

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Noguchi Hitoshi

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract We report two patients with anorexia nervosa and Graves' disease who received subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease and concomitantly experienced remission from anorexia nervosa. Both were young women (aged 20 and 26 at the time of surgery. Both had well controlled thyroid function and eating behavior at the time of surgery. Both were followed for over five years without relapse of anorexia nervosa or hyperthyroidism. These cases suggest the existence of an endocrine factor originating from the thyroid gland that is involved in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa. Since patients of thyroidectomy can remain in good health with supplement of thyroxine alone, it can be hypothesized that this anorexigenic endocrine factor is an evolutionary relic not necessary for the normal function of humans and does not have physiological effects unless secreted beyond normal levels. Given that, it implies the existence of a creature in the animal kingdom for which such an anorexigenic hormone is essential for survival. Migrating birds eat beyond their caloric expenditure before migration and become anorexic for the duration of their flight. It is also known that their thyroid function is elevated during migration. The normal physiology of migration is a complex mechanism involving the hypothalamic, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and reproductive hormones. The mechanism of disease, however, can be simpler. A review of the literature is presented that suggest a heretofore unreported thyroid hormone, which is involved in the regulation of migration behavior, may be the responsible factor behind anorexia nervosa.

Body composition in men with anorexia nervosa: Longitudinal study.

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El Ghoch, Marwan; Calugi, Simona; Milanese, Chiara; Bazzani, Paola Vittoria; Dalle Grave, Riccardo

2017-07-01

To compare body composition patterns before and after complete weight restoration in men with anorexia nervosa. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure body composition patterns in 10 men with anorexia nervosa before and after complete weight restoration, and in 10 healthy men matched to age and patients' post-treatment body mass index (BMI). Before weight restoration, men with anorexia nervosa displayed lower total body fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LBM) than those in the healthy comparison group, with a greater FM loss from the extremity than the trunk region. After short-term weight restoration, patients displayed complete normalization in total LBM and FM, but greater deposition of FM in the trunk region. Short-term weight restoration can normalize body composition patterns in men with anorexia nervosa, but results in a central adiposity phenotype. The clinical implication of this finding is unknown, but should be explored given the high levels of concern about central adiposity in anorexia nervosa. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Orthorexia Nervosa in Turkish Dietitians.

Science.gov (United States)

Asil, Esma; Sürücüoğlu, Metin Saip

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in dietitians, as assessed by administering ORTO-15, Eating Attitudes Test-40 (EAT-40) and Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI). Our study included 117 dietitians (Ankara). Orto-15 test scores below 40 points was considered indicative of orthorexia, while higher scores indicated a normal eating behavior. It was found that participants with ORTO-15 scores less than 40 had higher scores for EAT-40 and MOCI (p orthorexia nervosa is recommended.

Caracterización de propiedades relacionadas con la textura de suspensiones de fibras alimentarias

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CÓRDOBA SEQUEIRA, ARTURO

2008-01-01

La fibra dietética es un componente que, además de ser beneficioso para la salud, puede resultar adecuado para aumentar la viscosidad y otras propiedades relacionadas de determinados productos. No obstante, la procedencia de la misma, así como su concentración y el modo en que se adicione puede afectar a su funcionalidad. En este trabajo se ha realizado un estudio de las propiedades físico-químicas y estructurales de fibras dietéticas procedentes de diferentes frutas (limón, naranja y manzana...

Modificação do método de Bielschowsky-Gros para cortes em parafina

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José Fernandez

1958-03-01

Full Text Available É proposta uma modificação para o método de Bielschowsky-Gros a ser aplicado em cortes em parafina, utilizável no estudo de terminações nervosas centrais e periféricas. O método é de manipulação fácil e executável em poucas horas, ao contrário da grande maioria de métodos de impregnação em cortes de parafina. A impregnação é precedida de preparador e de mordente e seguida por viragem em ouro. O preparador utilizado é a solução de formol a 2% neutralizada com carbonato de magnésio, adicionada ou não a sonifeno a 1% O emprêgo do sonifeno tem a vantagem de permtir impregnar mais vigorosamente as fibras e terminações nervosas e evitar ao máximo a impregnação das fibras conjuntivas, oferecendo perfeita limpeza da preparação. O mordente é constituído por uma solução recente de nitrato de prata a 10% na qual os cortes permanecem por tempo variável, sendo aconselhável, para a coloração do plexo simpático fundamental, permanência prolongada (cêrca de uma hora. A impregnação é feita em solução de óxido de prata amoniacal preparada como o recomenda Bielchowsky (solução de nitrato de prata a 10% acrescida de amoníaco até completa dissolução do precipitado formado, podendo ser substituída, com idênticos resultados, pelas soluções propostas por Rio-Hortega, Foot, Arteta e Jabonero. A viragem em ouro é feita utilizando a solução aconselhada por Castro (uma gota de ácido acético para cada 10ml de solução de cloreto de ouro amarelo a 1/600. Os resultados obtidos com o método proposto são satisfatórios. Conseguiu-se impregnar com perfeição neurônios do gânglio de Gasser; nas preparações com sonifeno, as fibras nervosas e os prolongamentos celulares apareciam perfeitamente impregnados e a preparação oferecia limpeza absoluta. No apêndice cecal as terminações nervosas resultavam perfeitamente impregnadas, contrastando, principalmente quando foi empregado o sonifeno, com os elementos

Carboidratos das fibras de cotilédones e proteínas de produtos derivados de soja (Glycine max (L. Merril Carbohydrates from cotyledon fibers and proteins of soybean (Glycine max (L. Merril derivatives

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Neusa Fátima Seibel

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Fibras alimentares obtidas de cotilédones de soja original (FAO e micronizada (FAM foram fracionadas e avaliadas quanto a polissacarídeos e monossacarídeos constituintes. O componente majoritário foi a hemicelulose, totalizando 59% em FAO e 51% na FAM, a pectina representou em média 14% e a celulose 8,5%. As duas amostras de fibras apresentaram 17 mg.g-1 de ácidos urônicos e a mesma composição de monossacarídeos, sendo galactose, glicose e arabinose/ramnose os principais componentes. As proteínas de concentrado protéico, farinha desengordurada e fibras alimentares (FAO e FAM foram avaliadas quanto à solubilidade em diferentes solventes (NaCl, água, etanol e NaOH e quanto ao peso molecular. A farinha desengordurada de soja teve a maior parte das proteínas passível de extração com solução salina, e o concentrado protéico e as fibras de cotilédones com solução alcalina. A fração protéica que não foi extraída com nenhum dos quatro solventes utilizados permaneceu no resíduo, o maior percentual estava no concentrado, seguido pela fibra alimentar micronizada e a farinha, já a menor quantidade estava na fibra alimentar original. A eletroforese das proteínas dos quatro ingredientes alimentares mostrou as subunidades que constituem as frações β-conglicinina e glicinina. Bandas com peso molecular próximo aos 30 kDa foram reveladas nas proteínas extraídas das fibras de cotilédones de soja, sendo provavelmente glicoproteínas de parede celular, ricas em hidroxiprolina.Dietary fibers from soybean cotyledons classified as original (ODF and milled (MDF were fractionated and evaluated as to fractions and monosaccharide composition. The major constituent was hemicellulose, 59% in ODF and 51% MDF, pectin was in average 14% and cellulose, 8.5%. Both samples had 17 mg.g-1 uronic acids and the same composition in monosaccharides: galactose, glucose and arabinose/rhamnose, after hydrolysis. Protein fractions extracted from

PROPRIEDADES TERMOFÍSICAS DE COMPÓSITO DE MATRIZ DE GESSO E FIBRA VEGETAL

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George Santos Marinho

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Foi desenvolvido um compósito de matriz de gesso e reforço de fibra vegetal (Cocos nucifera destinado à fabricação de elementos construtivos (e. g., placas para forração de coberturas e painéis de vedação. Corpos de prova foram produzidos na forma de sanduíche de gesso / fibra / gesso. Duas espessuras diferentes da fatia de fibra foram consideradas: 8 mm e 10 mm. Um corpo de prova de gesso sem a fatia de fibra foi fabricado para servir como padrão de comparação. Utilizando-se um equipamento analisador térmico, foram realizados ensaios para determinação das seguintes propriedades termofísicas dos corpos de prova: condutividade térmica (k, capacidade térmica volumétrica (.CP e difusividade térmica (. A partir dos resultados foi possível evidenciar vantagens do compósito em relação ao padrão. O menor valor de k conferiu ao compósito uma maior capacidade de isolação, possibilitando redução da carga térmica no interior das edificações devido à radiação solar. Nsse aspecto, o compósito se mostra adequado ao uso como elemento de vedação em edificações situadas em localidades de baixas latitudes (e. g., região Nordeste do Brasil. Além das vantagens citadas, o compósito pode proporcionar mais leveza e economia de material, possibilitando a produção de elementos construtivos mais esbeltos.

Bullae, Bronchiectasis and Nutritional Emphysema in Severe Anorexia Nervosa

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Cook, Victoria J; Coxson, Harvey O; Mason, Andrew G; Bai, Tony R

2001-01-01

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary complications of anorexia nervosa are rarely documented. The case of a patient with anorexia nervosa and pulmonary disease is presented, a new quantitative computed tomography (CT) method for the detection of emphysema is employed, the literature is reviewed and the concept of 'nutritional' emphysema is discussed.RESULTS: The case of a 34-year-old, nonsmoking woman with long-standing severe anorexia nervosa who was evaluated for cough and progressive shortness of b...

Reproductive issues in anorexia nervosa

Science.gov (United States)

Hoffman, Elizabeth R; Zerwas, Stephanie C; Bulik, Cynthia M

2011-01-01

Despite a high prevalence of menstrual irregularities, women with anorexia nervosa are becoming pregnant. The physical and psychological demands of pregnancy and motherhood can represent an immense challenge for women already struggling with the medical and psychological stress of an eating disorder. This article summarizes key issues related to reproduction in women with anorexia nervosa, highlighting the importance of preconception counseling, adequate gestational weight gain, and sufficient pre- and post-natal nutrition. Postpartum issues including eating disorder symptom relapse, weight loss, breastfeeding, and risk of perinatal depression and anxiety are also discussed. PMID:22003362

Self-injurious behavior in anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Favaro, A; Santonastaso, P

2000-08-01

Recent reports have postulated the existence of two different types of self-injurious behavior: impulsive and compulsive. The aim of the present study is to analyze the dimensionality of self-injurious behavior and to study the link between self-injurious behavior and clinical features in anorexia nervosa. The study involved 236 consecutive patients with anorexia nervosa, diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria. Subjects were evaluated by means of a semistructured interview and self-reported questionnaires, such as the Eating Disorders Inventory and Hopkins Symptom Checklist. A principal component analysis was used to study the dimensionality of different types of self-injurious behavior, including purging. Our findings confirm the distinction between impulsive and compulsive self-injurious behavior. The dimensions appear to be represented as a continuum in both the anorexia nervosa diagnostic subgroups. A third distinct dimension emerged that included self-induced vomiting and laxative/diuretics abuse. Childhood sexual abuse and anxiety significantly predict the presence of impulsive self-injury, whereas obsessionality and age predict compulsive self-injury. The coexistence of a positive score on both dimensions of self-injurious behavior was the strongest predictor of treatment dropout. The present study highlights the importance of self-injurious behavior; it should be given due consideration in future outcome studies on anorexia nervosa

Uso de fibra natural de sisal em blocos de concreto para alvenaria estrutural

OpenAIRE

Indara Soto Izquierdo

2011-01-01

A utilização de fibras vegetais como reforço constitui um grande interesse na obtenção de novos materiais para a construção civil produto de seu baixo custo, alta disponibilidade e reduzido consumo de energia para sua produção. Este trabalho avalia a incorporação de fibras de sisal, de comprimento 20 e 40 mm, e fração volumétrica de 0,5 e 1%, em concretos para a alvenaria de blocos estruturais e determina o uso destas unidades na execução de prismas e mini-paredes. Foram realizados os testes ...

Clinical spectrum of anorexia nervosa in children.

Science.gov (United States)

Atkins, D M; Silber, T J

1993-08-01

A retrospective review of 21 patients ages 12 years and younger (age of onset range 7 to 12 years) with anorexia nervosa showed diagnostic delay in the youngest ones, high incidence of family psychiatric history, a remarkable severity of illness, and positive response to intensive treatment. Additional findings included significant comorbidity, a distinct subgroup with personality disorder and another with features of the "vulnerable child syndrome." This broad clinical spectrum of anorexia nervosa in children may explain the great variability in outcome. The development of anorexia nervosa in children relates to a complex combination of etiological and trigger factors. Precipitants identified in this study were physical maturation, entry into junior high, loss, or some combination thereof.

CONSUMO DE FIBRA DIETÉTICA EN LACTANTES MENORES DE 2 AÑOS Y ESTREÑIMIENTO FUNCIONAL

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Carlos Alberto Velasco Benítez

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La inclusión de la fibra dietética (FD, tiene múltiples beneficios sobre la salud del ser humano; sin embargo, en pediatría, existen grandes brechas concernientes a la relación de fibra y estreñimiento. Objetivo: Describir el hábito intestinal en lactantes . Se tuvo en cuenta la alimentación con leche materna, el tiempo de inicio de alimentación complementaria y el antecedente de madre o cuidador con EF. Los resultados son expresados como X±DS. El análisis estadístico incluyó X2 y prueba de Spearman  o Fischer. Resultados: Se estudiaron 125 lactantes de 13±7 meses, 86 masculinos. No hubo diferencias significativas en edad, sexo, consumo de gramos de fibra/d, ni con la alimentación con leche materna, el tiempo de inicio de la alimentación complementaria y el antecedente de madre o cuidador con EF. Conclusión: No encontramos ninguna asociación entre hábito intestinal y gramos de fibra consumidos, ni alimentación con leche materna, inicio de la alimentación complementaria precoz y antecedente de EF en la madre o cuidador.

Comportamiento mecánico y dinámico de una mezcla asfáltica con adición de fibras

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Oscar Javier Reyes Ortiz

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo refiere el análisis experimental en el laboratorio, del efecto de la adición de fibras de polipropileno por vía seca (reemplazo de material granular por fibra sobre las propiedades mecánicas y dinámicas de una mezcla. Inicialmente se caracteriza el material granular y asfalto CA60/70, se realiza el diseño de la mezcla asfáltica de granulometría 0/10 (IDU RSV 2002 y asfalto de acuerdo con la metodología Marshall; se evalúa el efecto de fibras sobre las propiedades mecánicas mediante la evaluación de la estabilidad y fluencia, y dinámicamente por su valor de deformación permanente y modulo dinámico. Los resultados muestran un efecto positivo de las fibras en la modificación de la mezcla asfáltica. El modulo dinámico aumenta en un 45% promedio en un porcentaje de adición de 0.60%; la deformación permanente disminuye en 27.6% para una adición de fibras de 0.60% y 48.8% para la adición de fibras de 0.75%, respectivamente. Este comportamiento refleja otra alternativa eficaz para mejorar la mezcla asfáltica, aumentando la resistencia a la disgregación por efecto abrasivo del tráfico y retardando el inicio y propagación del agrietamiento por ahuellamiento

Anorexia Nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Westerlage, Patricia A.

The author traces the case histories of five anorexic female patients treated in the therapeutic milieu in a psychiatric inpatient unit. The history of anorexia nervosa is reviewed, incidence of the disorder is cited, and common characteristics are described. Case histories are presented in terms of events precipitating the weight loss, behavior…

Substituição da silagem de milho pela silagem de rama de mandioca na alimentação de vacas leiteiras: consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes = Replacing corn silage with cassava foliage silage as feed for dairy cattle: intake and nutrient digestibility

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Elisa Cristina Modesto

2007-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do experimento foi estudar os efeitos da substituição da silagem de milho (SML pela silagem do terço superior da rama de mandioca (SRM no consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes de vacas em lactação. Doze vacas em lactação foram alocadas em um delineamento em blocos casualizados. Os níveis de substituição da SML pela SRMforam 0, 20, 40 e 60%. Os parâmetros analisados foram: consumo de matéria seca (CMS, matéria orgânica (CMO, fibra em detergente neutro (CFDN, fibra em detergente neutro indigestível (CFDNi, digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (DAMS, matéria orgânica(DAMO, proteína bruta (DAPB, fibra detergente neutro (DAFDN, carboidratos totais (DACT, carboidratos não fibrosos (DACNF. Foi observado que o nível de substituição da SML pela SRM não teve efeito significativo para a maioria das variáveis avaliadas (p > 0,05. No entanto, a DAPB (p The objective of the experiment was to study the effects of replacing corn silage (CS with cassava foliage silage (CFS – using the upperthird of the foliage – on intake and nutrient digestibility. Twelve lactating dairy cows were used in a randomized block design to evaluated intake and digestibility. The levels of replacement of CS with CFS were 0, 20, 40 and 60%. The parameters studied were: drymatter intake (DMI, organic matter intake (OMI, neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI, indigestible neutral detergent fiber intake (INDFI, apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADDM, apparent digestibility of organic matter (ADOM, apparent digestibility of crude protein (ADCP, apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (ADNDF, apparent digestibility of total carbohydrates (ADTC and apparent digestibility of non-fiber carbohydrates (ADNFC. The replacement of CS with different levels of the upper third ofcassava foliage silage (CFS had no effect in practically any of evaluated variables (p > 0.05. However, ADCP (p < 0.01 decreased as the levels of replacement were

The paradoxical nature of sexuality in anorexia nervosa

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tuiten, A; Panhuysen, G; Everaerd, W; Koppeschaar, H; Krabbe, P; Zelissen, P

1993-01-01

Psychosexual dysfunctioning is often put forward as an etiological factor in anorexia nervosa. In contrast, we hypothesize that anorexia nervosa patients were in general psychosexually normal before their illness, and that the problems in their sexual life arise only after the emergence of

Obtención de fibra dietética nutricional de valor agregado a partir de bagazo de caña

OpenAIRE

Licona Aguilar, Angeles Iveth

2013-01-01

La fibra dietética se reconoce cada vez más como un elemento importante para una nutrición sana; numerosas referencias respaldan esta aseveración en las que se ha demostrado no solo la importancia que la fibra tiene en la regulación de las funciones intestinales sino también para la prevención de algunas enfermedades. En este contexto, tiene sentido analizar la posibilidad de aprovechar la potencial utilización que brindan numerosos residuos agrícolas como fuente de fibra en una gran variedad...

Glucocorticoid receptors in anorexia nervosa and Cushing's disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Invitti, C; Redaelli, G; Baldi, G; Cavagnini, F

1999-06-01

Patients with anorexia nervosa do not display cushingoid features in spite of elevated cortisol plasma levels. Whether a cortisol resistance or a reduced availability of the metabolic substrates necessary to develop the effect of glucocorticoids is responsible for this has not been established. Twenty-two patients with severe restrictive anorexia nervosa, 10 patients with active Cushing's disease, and 24 healthy volunteers without psychiatric disorders or mood alterations were investigated. Glucocorticoid receptor characteristics were examined on mononuclear leukocytes by measuring [3H]dexamethasone binding and the effect of dexamethasone on [3H]thymidine incorporation, which represents an index of DNA synthesis. The number of glucocorticoid receptors on mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) was comparable in patients with anorexia nervosa, patients with active Cushing's disease, and normal subjects (binding capacity 3.3 +/- 0.23 vs. 3.7 +/- 0.30 and 3.5 +/- 0.20 fmol/10(6) cells). Conversely, glucocorticoid receptor affinity was significantly decreased in anorexia nervosa as well as in Cushing's patients compared to control subjects (dissociation constant 4.0 +/- 0.31 and 4.1 +/- 0.34 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.29 nmol/L, p Cushing's patients compared to control subjects (p Cushing's disease. In patients with anorexia nervosa, the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into the MNL was inversely correlated with urinary free cortisol levels. These data indicate that the lack of cushingoid features in patients with anorexia nervosa is not ascribable to a reduced sensitivity to glucocorticoids but is more likely due to the paucity of metabolic substrates.

Anorexia and bulimia nervosa.

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Kaye, W H; Klump, K L; Frank, G K; Strober, M

2000-01-01

Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are disorders characterized by abnormal patterns of weight regulation and eating behavior and by disturbances in attitudes and perceptions toward weight and body shape. Etiologic research has indicated substantial genetic influence on these disorders, suggesting significant biological contributions to their development. Obsessional, perfectionistic, and anxious personality styles may be premorbid traits that contribute to this pathogenesis. Studies of neuroendocrine, neuropeptide, and neurotransmitter functioning in patients with AN and BN indicate that disturbances of these systems may contribute to the maintenance as well as the etiology of these sometimes fatal disorders. The efficacy of psychological treatments and pharmacotherapy has been more clearly established for BN than for AN.

Symptoms, Causes and Possible Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Odebunmi, Akin

This document provides research findings, a discussion of etiology, case studies, and treatment approaches for anorexia nervosa. The research findings classify the anorexic patient by sex, age, presenting characteristics, socioeconomic status, premorbid personality, and cultural and familial characteristics. The etiology of anorexia nervosa is…

Could dopamine agonists aid in drug development for anorexia nervosa?

Science.gov (United States)

Frank, Guido K W

2014-01-01

Anorexia nervosa is a severe psychiatric disorder most commonly starting during the teenage-years and associated with food refusal and low body weight. Typically there is a loss of menses, intense fear of gaining weight, and an often delusional quality of altered body perception. Anorexia nervosa is also associated with a pattern of high cognitive rigidity, which may contribute to treatment resistance and relapse. The complex interplay of state and trait biological, psychological, and social factors has complicated identifying neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to the illness. The dopamine D1 and D2 neurotransmitter receptors are involved in motivational aspects of food approach, fear extinction, and cognitive flexibility. They could therefore be important targets to improve core and associated behaviors in anorexia nervosa. Treatment with dopamine antagonists has shown little benefit, and it is possible that antagonists over time increase an already hypersensitive dopamine pathway activity in anorexia nervosa. On the contrary, application of dopamine receptor agonists could reduce circuit responsiveness, facilitate fear extinction, and improve cognitive flexibility in anorexia nervosa, as they may be particularly effective during underweight and low gonadal hormone states. This article provides evidence that the dopamine receptor system could be a key factor in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa and dopamine agonists could be helpful in reducing core symptoms of the disorder. This review is a theoretical approach that primarily focuses on dopamine receptor function as this system has been mechanistically better described than other neurotransmitters that are altered in anorexia nervosa. However, those proposed dopamine mechanisms in anorexia nervosa also warrant further study with respect to their interaction with other neurotransmitter systems, such as serotonin pathways.

Could Dopamine Agonists Aid in Drug Development for Anorexia Nervosa?

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Guido eFrank

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Anorexia nervosa is a severe psychiatric disorder most commonly starting during the teenage years and associated with food refusal and low body weight. Typically there is a loss of menses, intense fear of gaining weight and an often delusional quality of altered body perception. Anorexia nervosa is also associated with a pattern of high cognitive rigidity, which may contribute to treatment resistance and relapse. The complex interplay of state and trait biological, psychological and social factors has complicated identifying neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to the illness. The dopamine D1 and D2 neurotransmitter receptors are involved in motivational aspects of food approach, fear extinction and cognitive flexibility. They could therefore be important targets to improve core and associated behaviors in anorexia nervosa. Treatment with dopamine antagonists has shown little benefit, and it is possible that antagonists over time increase an already hypersensitive dopamine pathway activity in anorexia nervosa. On the contrary, application of dopamine receptor agonists could reduce circuit responsiveness, facilitate fear extinction and improve cognitive flexibility in anorexia nervosa, as they may be particularly effective during underweight and low gonadal hormone states. This article provides evidence that the dopamine receptor system could be a key factor in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa and dopamine agonists could be helpful in reducing core symptoms of the disorder. This review is a theoretical approach that primarily focuses on dopamine receptor function as this system has been mechanistically better described than other neurotransmitters that are altered in anorexia nervosa. However, those proposed dopamine mechanisms in anorexia nervosa also warrant further study with respect to their interaction with other neurotransmitter systems, such as serotonin pathways.

Could Dopamine Agonists Aid in Drug Development for Anorexia Nervosa?

Science.gov (United States)

Frank, Guido K. W.

2014-01-01

Anorexia nervosa is a severe psychiatric disorder most commonly starting during the teenage-years and associated with food refusal and low body weight. Typically there is a loss of menses, intense fear of gaining weight, and an often delusional quality of altered body perception. Anorexia nervosa is also associated with a pattern of high cognitive rigidity, which may contribute to treatment resistance and relapse. The complex interplay of state and trait biological, psychological, and social factors has complicated identifying neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to the illness. The dopamine D1 and D2 neurotransmitter receptors are involved in motivational aspects of food approach, fear extinction, and cognitive flexibility. They could therefore be important targets to improve core and associated behaviors in anorexia nervosa. Treatment with dopamine antagonists has shown little benefit, and it is possible that antagonists over time increase an already hypersensitive dopamine pathway activity in anorexia nervosa. On the contrary, application of dopamine receptor agonists could reduce circuit responsiveness, facilitate fear extinction, and improve cognitive flexibility in anorexia nervosa, as they may be particularly effective during underweight and low gonadal hormone states. This article provides evidence that the dopamine receptor system could be a key factor in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa and dopamine agonists could be helpful in reducing core symptoms of the disorder. This review is a theoretical approach that primarily focuses on dopamine receptor function as this system has been mechanistically better described than other neurotransmitters that are altered in anorexia nervosa. However, those proposed dopamine mechanisms in anorexia nervosa also warrant further study with respect to their interaction with other neurotransmitter systems, such as serotonin pathways. PMID:25988121

Involvement of leucocyte/endothelial cell interactions in anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Víctor, Víctor M; Rovira-Llopis, Susana; Saiz-Alarcón, Vanessa; Sangüesa, Maria C; Rojo-Bofill, Luis; Bañuls, Celia; de Pablo, Carmen; Álvarez, Ángeles; Rojo, Luis; Rocha, Milagros; Hernández-Mijares, Antonio

2015-07-01

Anorexia nervosa is a common psychiatric disorder in adolescence and is related to cardiovascular complications. Our aim was to study the effect of anorexia nervosa on metabolic parameters, leucocyte-endothelium interactions, adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. This multicentre, cross-sectional, case-control study employed a population of 24 anorexic female patients and 36 controls. We evaluated anthropometric and metabolic parameters, interactions between leucocytes polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) including E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Anorexia nervosa was related to a decrease in weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR, and an increase in HDL cholesterol. These effects disappeared after adjusting for BMI. Anorexia nervosa induced a decrease in PMN rolling velocity and an increase in PMN rolling flux and PMN adhesion. Increases in IL-6 and TNF-α and adhesion molecule VCAM-1 were also observed. This study supports the hypothesis of an association between anorexia nervosa, inflammation and the induction of leucocyte-endothelium interactions. These findings may explain, in part at least, the increased risk of vascular disease among patients with anorexia nervosa. © 2015 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation.

Comportamiento al corte de hormigones reforzado con fibras de acero Shear behavior of steel fiber reinforced concretes

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Sergio Carmona Malatesta

2009-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio experimental a cerca de la influencia de la incorporación de fibras de acero en el comportamiento del hormigón frente a esfuerzos de corte, medidos utilizando el ensayo JSCE - SF6, modificado. Usando los resultados de los ensayos realizados se evalúa La capacidad de disipación de energía del hormigón durante la rotura o tenacidad del hormigón reforzado con fibras en función del contenido y tipo de Fibra utilizada. Con los resultados obtenidos, se puede concluir que la incorporación de fibras como refuerzo al esfuerzo de corte aumenta la ductilidad del hormigón, permitiendo mayores deformaciones que un hormigón convencional. Se observa que la capacidad de absorber energía de los hormigones, cuantificada a través de la tenacidad absoluta, se incrementa más de tres veces cuando se incorporar fibras y no se tienen roturas frágiles. Por lo tanto, la incorporación de fibras como refuerzo es una buena solución para mejorar la respuesta del hormigón ante solicitaciones de corte. Por otra parte, se demuestra que el ensayo de corte propuesto por la recomendación japonesa JSCE-SF6, levemente modificada, entrega resultados coherentes y reproducibles, permitiendo cuantificar diferentes propiedades del hormigón reforzado con fibras sometido a solicitaciones de corte.This paper presents the results of an experimental research on influence of steel fibers on shear behavior of concrete, using modified JSCE - SF6 test. The tests results are used to evaluate the energy dissipation capacity of concrete during failure or fiber reinforced concrete toughness, in terms of amount and type of fibers. With the results, it can be concluded that the addition of fibers as shear reinforcement influence significantly the ductility of concrete. The results show that the absorption energy capacity of concrete, measured by mean of absolute toughness, increase 3 times when concrete is reinforced with

Anorectal dysfunction in constipated women with anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Chiarioni, G; Bassotti, G; Monsignori, A; Menegotti, M; Salandini, L; Di Matteo, G; Vantini, I; Whitehead, W E

2000-10-01

To evaluate anorectal and colonic function in a group of patients with anorexia nervosa complaining of chronic constipation. Twelve women (age range, 19-29 years) meeting the criteria for anorexia nervosa and complaining of chronic constipation were recruited for the study. A group of 12 healthy women served as controls. Colonic transit time was measured by a radiopaque marker technique. Anorectal manometry and a test of rectal sensation were carried out with use of standard techniques to measure pelvic floor dysfunction. A subgroup of 8 patients was retested after an adequate refeeding program was completed. Eight (66.7%) of 12 patients with anorexia nervosa had slow colonic transit times, while 5 (41.7%) had pelvic floor dysfunction. Colonic transit time normalized in the 8 patients who completed the 4-week refeeding program. However, pelvic floor dysfunction did not normalize in these patients. Patients with anorexia nervosa who complain of constipation have anorectal motor abnormalities. Delayed colonic transit time is probably due to abnormal eating behavior.

Altered social reward and attention in anorexia nervosa

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Karli K Watson

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Dysfunctional social reward and social orienting attend a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders including autism, schizophrenia, social anxiety, and psychopathy. Here we show that similar social reward and attention dysfunction attend anorexia nervosa, a disorder defined by avoidance of food and extreme weight loss. We measured the implicit reward value of social stimuli for female participants with (n=11 and without (n=11 anorexia nervosa using an econometric choice task and also tracked gaze patterns during free viewing of images of female faces and bodies. As predicted, the reward value of viewing bodies varied inversely with observed body weight for women with anorexia but not neurotypical women, in contrast with their explicit ratings of attractiveness. Surprisingly, women with anorexia nervosa, unlike neurotypical women, did not find female faces rewarding and avoided looking at both the face and eyes—independent of observed body weight. These findings demonstrate comorbid dysfunction in the neural circuits mediating gustatory and social reward in anorexia nervosa.

Reduced perception of bodily signals in anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Pollatos, Olga; Kurz, Anne-Lene; Albrecht, Jessica; Schreder, Tatjana; Kleemann, Anna Maria; Schöpf, Veronika; Kopietz, Rainer; Wiesmann, Martin; Schandry, Rainer

2008-12-01

Interoceptive awareness is known to be impaired in eating disorders. To date, it has remained unclear whether this variable is related to the construct of interoceptive sensitivity. Interoceptive sensitivity is considered to be an essential variable in emotional processes. The objective of the study was to elucidate this potential relationship and to clarify whether general interoceptive sensitivity is reduced in anorexia nervosa. Using a heartbeat perception task, interoceptive sensitivity was assessed in 28 female patients with anorexia nervosa and 28 matched healthy controls. Questionnaires assessing interoceptive awareness (EDI) and several other variables were also administered. Patients with anorexia nervosa displayed significantly decreased interoceptive sensitivity. They also had more difficulties in interoceptive awareness. In addition to a decreased ability to recognize certain visceral sensations related to hunger, there is a generally reduced capacity to accurately perceive bodily signals in anorexia nervosa. This highlights the potential importance of interoceptive sensitivity in the pathogenesis of eating disorders.

Avaliação do trofismo muscular de sóleos de ratos wistar após compressão nervosa e tratamento com corrente de alta voltagem Evaluación del tropismo del músculo sóleo de ratas wistar después de la compresión del nervio y tratamiento con corriente de alto voltaje Assessment of wistar rats' soleus muscle trophism after nerve compression and treatment with high-voltage current

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Gladson Ricardo Flor Bertolini

2012-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar a corrente de alta voltagem sobre o trofismo de sóleos de ratos com compressão de nervo isquiático. Dezoito ratos distribuídos em: GS - compressão nervosa e simulacro; GP+ - compressão e tratado com corrente anódica; GP- - compressão e catódica. Ao final, os sóleos foram dissecados e pesados em balança analítica. Em seguida foram montadas lâminas de cortes transversais, observadas em microscópio óptico de luz comum e digitalizadas, para análise do menor diâmetro de 100 fibras por músculo. RESULTADOS: todos os grupos apresentaram menor trofismo pelas duas formas de avaliação (p0,05. CONCLUSÃO: a corrente de alta voltagem não inibiu a hipotrofia em sóleos submetidos à compressão nervosa.OBJETIVO: Evaluar la corriente de alto voltaje en el tropismo del sóleo de ratas con la compresión del nervio ciático. Dieciocho ratas se dividieron en: GS - compresión del nervio y la falsa; GP+ - compresión y tratados con corriente anódica; GP- - compresión y el cátodo. Por último, fueron los sóleos disecados y pesados ​​en una balanza analítica. Luego diapositivas de secciones transversales fueron montadas para la observación al microscopio de luz común y digitalizadas para el análisis de menor diámetro de 100 fibras por músculo. RESULTADOS: Todos los grupos mostraron menor tropismo, las dos formas de evaluación (p 0,05. CONCLUSIÓN: La corriente de alto voltaje no inhibe la atrofia en el músculo sóleo se sometieron a la compresión del nervio.AIM: to evaluate the high voltage current on the tropism of rats soleus with sciatic nerve compression. Eighteen rats were divided into: GS - nerve compression and sham; GP + - compression and treated with anodic current; GP - compression and cathode. Finally, the soleus were dissected and weighed on an analytical balance. Then slides were mounted cross sections observed in light microscope and digitized for analysis of smaller diameter of 100 fibers per

[Anesthesia in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa].

Science.gov (United States)

Zenker, J; Hagenah, U; Rossaint, R

2010-03-01

Eating disorders are typical diseases of adolescence and early adulthood. About 1-3% of female juveniles suffer from anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN). Today AN is still the psychiatric disease with the highest mortality rate. The peri-operative mortality rate of patients suffering from AN is in the range up to 15%. The beginning of AN is a lingering process and the majority of patients show increasingly restrictive eating habits ending in cachexia. Patients are obsessed by the predominant idea of being obese in spite of having a significant underweight. Patients suffering from bulimia break the strict regimen by eating enormous amounts of high calorie food. Such eating attacks are followed by weight reducing measures, mostly vomiting. Most of the physical changes caused by AN are due to starvation and loss of weight. The most significant medical complications are alterations of the cardiovascular system accompanied by decreasing contractility of the heart, bradycardia, electrocardiographic changes as well as disequilibrium of electrolytic and water balance. Most of these symptoms can be reversed by putting on weight.

Psychosocial Treatments in Anorexia Nervosa

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Necati Serkut Bulut

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Despite its severe morbidity and mortality, studies regarding the psychosocial treatments of anorexia nervosa are limited in number. This paper aims to present the general outlines of various psychosocial interventions developed for the treatment of anorexia nervosa and to provide an up-to-date review of the randomized-controlled studies on the effectiveness of these approaches. Reviewed studies were classified by age spectrum of samples under two main headings: adolescents and mixed samples of adults and adolescents. Specific issues about other variables were then discussed separately. [Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2017; 9(3.000: 329-345

Anorexia Nervosa: A Misdiagnosis of the Adolescent Male.

Science.gov (United States)

Svec, Henry

1987-01-01

Discusses rarity of anorexia nervosa among male population with primary reference to differences from female symptomatology. Presents case which implies that anorexia nervosa in the male may be a marker for other more severe pathology. Presents findings which suggest a diagnostic strategy based on familial, behavioral, environmental, educational,…

TECNOLOGIA A FIBRA OPTICA: UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA SEDE MEDELLIN, "UN REFERENTE LATINOAMERICANO"

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RODRIGO ACUÑA

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se muestran algunos resultados de las investigaciones realizadas por el grupo de Fotónica y Opto-electrónica de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín. Se hace una breve reseña de la creación del grupo y se describen las principales aplicaciones desarrolladas, las cuales convierten al grupo en un referente Latinoamericano en el área. Se ilustran aplicaciones de las redes de Bragg en fibra óptica en sensores, simulaciones computacionales de guías de onda ópticas y la construcción de fuentes de luz láser a fibra óptica.

The interrelationship between orthorexia nervosa, perfectionism, body image and attachment style.

Science.gov (United States)

Barnes, Marta A; Caltabiano, Marie L

2017-03-01

We investigated whether perfectionism, body image, attachment style, and self-esteem are predictors of orthorexia nervosa. A cohort of 220 participants completed a self-administered, online questionnaire consisting of five measures: ORTO-15, the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS), the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ), and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Correlation analysis revealed that higher orthorexic tendencies significantly correlated with higher scores for perfectionism (self-oriented, others-oriented and socially prescribed), appearance orientation, overweight preoccupation, self-classified weight, and fearful and dismissing attachment styles. Higher orthorexic tendencies also correlated with lower scores for body areas satisfaction and a secure attachment style. There was no significant correlation between orthorexia nervosa and self-esteem. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that overweight preoccupation, appearance orientation and the presence of an eating disorder history were significant predictors of orthorexia nervosa with a history of an eating disorder being the strongest predictor. Orthorexia nervosa shares similarities with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa with regards to perfectionism, body image attitudes, and attachment style. In addition, a history of an eating disorder strongly predicts orthorexia nervosa. These findings suggest that these disorders might be on the same spectrum of disordered eating.

VIDEOFLUOROSCOPIC EVALUATION OF SWALLOWS IN ANOREXIA NERVOSA.

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Santos, Carla Manfredi; Cassiani, Rachel Aguiar; Dantas, Roberto Oliveira

2016-01-01

There are some studies in the literature about the feeding behavior and masticatory process in patients with feeding disorders; however, it is not very well known if there are alterations in oral-pharyngeal swallowing dynamics in subjects with anorexia nervosa. To evaluate the oral and pharyngeal bolus transit in patients with anorexia nervosa. The study was conducted with 8 individuals clinically diagnosed and in treatment for restricting-type anorexia nervosa (seven women and one man), and 14 healthy individuals with no digestive or neurological symptoms (10 women, 4 men). Swallows were evaluated by videofluoroscopy with three swallows of 5 mL liquid bolus and three swallows of 5 mL paste bolus consistency, given in a random sequence. The participants were asked after each swallow about the sensation of the bolus passage. In the analysis of oral-pharyngeal transit duration, the mean duration of pharyngeal transit with paste bolus in patients with anorexia was shorter than in healthy volunteers (P=0.02). In the duration of movement of the hyoid bone, longer movement was observed in anorexia than in healthy volunteers with liquid bolus (P=0.01). With liquid bolus, five (62.5%) patients and one (7.1%) control had sensation of the bolus passage (Panorexia nervosa, although the results suggest that pharyngeal transit has shorter duration than that seen in healthy volunteers and the hyoid movement duration is longer in patients than in healthy volunteers. Fast pharyngeal transit may be the cause of bolus transit perception in patients with anorexia nervosa.

[Impaired theory of mind in anorexia nervosa].

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Gál, Zita; Egyed, Katalin; Pászthy, Bea; Németh, Dezsö

2011-01-01

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe mental illness, which is characterized by a continuously growing occurrence in the population and by the shift of the onset for earlier ages. The understanding of factors playing role in AN and the importance of effective prevention is an essential issue in science as well as in the society. AN also affects the social domain of life, patients with AN may exhibit impaired social interaction, social isolation, difficulties in emotion recognition and egocentric thinking in cognitive processing. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the theory of mind (ToM) deficits is anorexia nervosa. Although previous studies have reported ToM deficits in autism and in schizophrenia, the number of studies investigating ToM functioning in eating disorders are particularly low. Even though ToM difficulties, such as the affective ToM impairments were found in AN, however, the evidence of cognitive ToM deficits in anorexia patients is still lacking. Twenty anorexia nervosa patients and 20 healthy control adolescent girls participated in the experiment. EDI, BAT, Fallon-Rozin Test and Anamoprhic Micro Body Image Assesment Programme questionnaires and body-image tests were applied to discriminate anorexia nervosa group from healthy control group. The Hungarian version of Faux Pas Recognition Test was applied to evaluate ToM functioning. Compared to healthy control group, impairment in ToM functioning was found in AN group, especially in affective mental state attribution. Our results can raise new aspects for research, therapy and prevention of anorexia nervosa.

[Follow-up and treatment outcome of early anorexia nervosa].

Science.gov (United States)

Schulze, U; Neudörfl, A; Krill, A; Warnke, A; Remschmidt, H; Herpertz-Dahlmann, B

1997-03-01

In a two-center follow-up study on the early-onset form of anorexia nervosa, we reexamined 43 (74%) of 58 former patients who had developed anorexia nervosa at the age of 13 years or younger. In addition to make a standardized assessment of the eating disorder at follow-up we assessed psychiatric comorbidity with a structured interview based on the criteria of DSM-III-R and ICD-10. After an average follow-up period of 6.8 years, 8 (18%) of our former patients had an eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and 4 (9%) still suffered from anorexia nervosa. 5 (11%) of the subjects had developed bulimia nervosa. In 3 cases (7%) we found both syndromes. 12 (28%) of our former patients had an additional psychiatric disorder. The results of our study indicate that the quality of outcome in patients with an early-onset form of anorexia nervosa does not differ from that in individuals with a later manifestation of the eating disorder. Factors of prognostic relevance were the existence of an eating disorder during the first year of life and the duration of the follow-up period.

Variación de la estructura fina de las fibras acrílicas en la hilatura

OpenAIRE

Gacén Guillén, Joaquín; Maillo Garrido, Josefina; Manich i Bou, Albert Mª; Ussmane, Mahomed

2002-01-01

[ESP] Dos fibras acrílicas comerciales de diferente finura han sido transformadas en hilados en continua de hilar (3.3. dtex) y en hilatura de rotor (1.3 dtex). Los hilos resultantes han sido vaporizados y teñidos en condiciones standard. Las variaciones de la estructura producidas por las operaciones de hilatura, vaporizado y tintura han sido evaluadas a través del ensayo de solubilidad de las fibras acrílicas en una mezcla dimetilformamida/agua (95/5).

Instagram use is linked to increased symptoms of orthorexia nervosa

OpenAIRE

Turner, Pixie G.; Lefevre, Carmen E.

2017-01-01

Purpose Social media use is ever increasing amongst young adults and has previously been shown to have negative effects on body image, depression, social comparison, and disordered eating. One eating disorder of interest in this context is orthorexia nervosa, an obsession with eating healthily. High orthorexia nervosa prevalence has been found in populations who take an active interest in their health and body and is frequently comorbid with anorexia nervosa. Here, we investigate links betwee...

Instagram use is linked to increased symptoms of orthorexia nervosa

OpenAIRE

Turner, P. G.; Lefevre, C. E.

2017-01-01

PURPOSE: Social media use is ever increasing amongst young adults and has previously been shown to have negative effects on body image, depression, social comparison, and disordered eating. One eating disorder of interest in this context is orthorexia nervosa, an obsession with eating healthily. High orthorexia nervosa prevalence has been found in populations who take an active interest in their health and body and is frequently comorbid with anorexia nervosa. Here, we investigate links betwe...

Neural signature of behavioural inhibition in women with bulimia nervosa.

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Skunde, Mandy; Walther, Stephan; Simon, Joe J; Wu, Mudan; Bendszus, Martin; Herzog, Wolfgang; Friederich, Hans-Christoph

2016-08-01

Impaired inhibitory control is considered a behavioural phenotype in patients with bulimia nervosa. However, the underlying neural correlates of impaired general and food-specific behavioural inhibition are largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated brain activation during the performance of behavioural inhibition to general and food-related stimuli in adults with bulimia nervosa. Women with bulimia and healthy control women underwent event-related fMRI while performing a general and a food-specific no-go task. We included 28 women with bulimia nervosa and 29 healthy control women in our study. On a neuronal level, we observed significant group differences in response to general no-go stimuli in women with bulimia nervosa with high symptom severity; compared with healthy controls, the patients showed reduced activation in the right sensorimotor area (postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus) and right dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen). The present results are limited to adult women with bulimia nervosa. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether impaired behavioural inhibition in patients with this disorder are a cause or consequence of chronic illness. Our findings suggest that diminished frontostriatal brain activation in patients with bulimia nervosa contribute to the severity of binge eating symptoms. Gaining further insight into the neural mechanisms of behavioural inhibition problems in individuals with this disorder may inform brain-directed treatment approaches and the development of response inhibition training approaches to improve inhibitory control in patients with bulimia nervosa. The present study does not support greater behavioural and neural impairments to food-specific behavioural inhibition in these patients.

Neural signature of behavioural inhibition in women with bulimia nervosa

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Skunde, Mandy; Walther, Stephan; Simon, Joe J.; Wu, Mudan; Bendszus, Martin; Herzog, Wolfgang; Friederich, Hans-Christoph

2016-01-01

Background Impaired inhibitory control is considered a behavioural phenotype in patients with bulimia nervosa. However, the underlying neural correlates of impaired general and food-specific behavioural inhibition are largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated brain activation during the performance of behavioural inhibition to general and food-related stimuli in adults with bulimia nervosa. Methods Women with bulimia and healthy control women underwent event-related fMRI while performing a general and a food-specific no-go task. Results We included 28 women with bulimia nervosa and 29 healthy control women in our study. On a neuronal level, we observed significant group differences in response to general no-go stimuli in women with bulimia nervosa with high symptom severity; compared with healthy controls, the patients showed reduced activation in the right sensorimotor area (postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus) and right dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen). Limitations The present results are limited to adult women with bulimia nervosa. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether impaired behavioural inhibition in patients with this disorder are a cause or consequence of chronic illness. Conclusion Our findings suggest that diminished frontostriatal brain activation in patients with bulimia nervosa contribute to the severity of binge eating symptoms. Gaining further insight into the neural mechanisms of behavioural inhibition problems in individuals with this disorder may inform brain-directed treatment approaches and the development of response inhibition training approaches to improve inhibitory control in patients with bulimia nervosa. The present study does not support greater behavioural and neural impairments to food-specific behavioural inhibition in these patients. PMID:27575858

Appetite Regulatory Hormones in Women With Anorexia Nervosa: Binge-Eating/Purging Versus Restricting Type

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Eddy, Kamryn T.; Lawson, Elizabeth A.; Meade, Christina; Meenaghan, Erinne; Horton, Sarah E.; Misra, Madhusmita; Klibanski, Anne; Miller, Karen K.

2015-01-01

Objective Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric illness characterized by low weight, disordered eating, and hallmark neuroendocrine dysfunction. Behavioral phenotypes are defined by predominant restriction or bingeing/purging; binge-eating/purging type anorexia nervosa is associated with poorer outcome. The pathophysiology underlying anorexia nervosa types is unknown, but altered hormones, known to be involved in eating behaviors, may play a role. Method To examine the role of anorexigenic hormones in anorexia nervosa subtypes, we examined serum levels of peptide YY (PYY; total and active [3-36] forms), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and leptin as primary outcomes in women with OSM-5 restricting type anorexia nervosa (n=50), binge-eating/purging type anorexia nervosa (n = 22), and healthy controls (n = 22).1n addition, women completed validated secondary outcome measures of eating disorder psychopathology (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire) and depression and anxiety symptoms (Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression [HDRS] and Anxiety [HARS]). The study samples were collected from May 22, 2004, to February 7, 2012. Results Mean PYY 3-36 and leptin levels were lower and BDNF levels higher in binge-eating/purging type anorexia nervosa than in restricting type anorexia nervosa (all Pvalues anorexia nervosa types were significant (Panorexia nervosa, the anorexigenic hormones PYY, BDNF, and leptin are differentially regulated between the restricting and binge/purge types. Whether these hormone pathways play etiologic roles with regard to anorexia nervosa behavioral types or are compensatory merits further study. PMID:25098834

Psychological and behavioural characteristics of females with anorexia nervosa in Singapore.

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Tan, Evangeline S L; Hawkins, Russell M F

2017-12-01

This study aimed to compare a sample of females with anorexia nervosa in Singapore with international clinical and population samples from published data in terms of endorsement of risk factors related to anorexia nervosa, severity of eating pathology and levels of psychosocial impairment and to explore the nature of the relationships between the anorexia nervosa risk factors and adherence to Asian cultural values. Data from the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3), the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Perceived Sociocultural Pressure Scale (PSPS), the Ideal Body Stereotype Scale (IBSS), the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), the Clinical Impairment Assessment Questionnaire, and the Asian American Values Scale-Multidimensional (AAVS-M) were collected from 41 female patients (13-31 years old) who presented for treatment of anorexia nervosa at the Singapore General Hospital. The profile and presentation of anorexia nervosa in Singapore was comparable to that observed in the Western clinical samples in terms of levels of endorsement of the risk factors for anorexia nervosa. No protective benefit of orientation to Asian culture was found. The observed pattern of general similarity of presentation between Western data and Singaporean data, together with the finding that no protective benefit of orientation to Asian culture was observed, suggests that it may be appropriate to directly apply evidence-based Western models of intervention to the treatment of anorexia nervosa in Singapore.

Diagnosed Anxiety Disorders and the Risk of Subsequent Anorexia Nervosa: A Danish Population Register Study.

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Meier, Sandra M; Bulik, Cynthia M; Thornton, Laura M; Mattheisen, Manuel; Mortensen, Preben B; Petersen, Liselotte

2015-11-01

Anxiety disorders and anorexia nervosa are frequently acknowledged to be highly comorbid conditions, but still, little is known about the clinical and aetiological cohesion of specific anxiety diagnoses and anorexia nervosa. Using the comprehensive Danish population registers, we aimed to determine the risk of anorexia nervosa in patients with register-detected severe anxiety disorders. We also explored whether parental psychopathology was associated with offspring's anorexia nervosa. Anxiety disorders increased the risk of subsequent anorexia nervosa, with the highest risk observed in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Especially, male anxiety patients were at an increased risk for anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, an increased risk was observed in offspring of fathers with panic disorder. A diagnosis of an anxiety disorder, specifically obsessive-compulsive disorder, constitutes a risk factor for subsequent diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. These observations support the notion that anxiety disorders and anorexia nervosa share etiological mechanisms and/or that anxiety represents one developmental pathway to anorexia nervosa. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

Variación de la estructura fina de las fibras acrílicas en la hilatura

OpenAIRE

Gacén Guillén, Joaquín; Maillo Garrido, Josefina; Manich i Bou, Albert Mª; Ussmane, Mahomed

2002-01-01

Dos fibras acrílicas comerciales de diferente finura han sido transformadas en hilados en continua de hilar (3.3. dtex) y en hilatura de rotor (1.3 dtex). Los hilos resultantes han sido vaporizados y teñidos en condiciones standard. Las variaciones de la estructura producidas por las operaciones de hilatura, vaporizado y tintura han sido evaluadas a través del ensayo de solubilidad de las fibras acrílicas en una mezcla dimetilformamida/agua (95/5). Two commercial acrylic fibres of d...

Death Related Themes in Anorexia Nervosa: A Practical Exploration.

Science.gov (United States)

Russell, Janice; And Others

1990-01-01

Explored death-related themes in psychodynamic etiology of anorexia nervosa by comparing anorexic adolescent patients (n=28) to age-matched controls (n=238). Results suggest that death-related themes are of significance in the understanding and management of anorexia nervosa. (Author/ABL)

Clinical, psychopathological and personality correlates of interoceptive awareness in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and obesity.

Science.gov (United States)

Fassino, Secondo; Pierò, Andrea; Gramaglia, Carla; Abbate-Daga, Giovanni

2004-01-01

To determine the levels of interoceptive awareness (IA), which measures the ability of an individual to discriminate between sensations and feelings, and between the sensations of hunger and satiety, in eating disorder patients and to identify the clinical, psychopathological and personal variables correlated with IA. Sixty-one restrictor anorectics, 61 binge-purging anorectics, 104 purging bulimics, 49 obese subjects with binge eating disorder (BED) and 47 obese subjects without BED were compared. They were assessed with the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, the Temperament and Character Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory, and their clinical and sociodemographic features were recorded. In all patients, the levels of IA were higher than the 'normal' ones; in bulimia nervosa, they were higher than in anorexia nervosa and obesity. Similar personal features and eating attitudes are shared by patients with bulimia nervosa and BED. In the total sample, the following variables independently correlate with IA: the Beck Depression Inventory, self- directedness and persistence. The importance of an altered IA in eating disorders is supported. Both depression and a perfectionist and poorly self-directive personality can lead to greater difficulties in discriminating hunger and satiety. Copyright 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel

Neuroendocrinology and brain imaging of reward in eating disorders: A possible key to the treatment of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Monteleone, Alessio Maria; Castellini, Giovanni; Volpe, Umberto; Ricca, Valdo; Lelli, Lorenzo; Monteleone, Palmiero; Maj, Mario

2018-01-03

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are severe eating disorders whose etiopathogenesis is still unknown. Clinical features suggest that eating disorders may develop as reward-dependent syndromes, since eating less food is perceived as rewarding in anorexia nervosa while consumption of large amounts of food during binge episodes in bulimia nervosa aims at reducing the patient's negative emotional states. Therefore, brain reward mechanisms have been a major focus of research in the attempt to contribute to the comprehension of the pathophysiology of these disorders. Structural brain imaging data provided the evidence that brain reward circuits may be altered in patients with anorexia or bulimia nervosa. Similarly, functional brain imaging studies exploring the activation of brain reward circuits by food stimuli as well as by stimuli recognized to be potentially rewarding for eating disordered patients, such as body image cues or stimuli related to food deprivation and physical hyperactivity, showed several dysfunctions in ED patients. Moreover, very recently, it has been demonstrated that some of the biochemical homeostatic modulators of eating behavior are also implicated in the regulation of food-related and non-food-related reward, representing a possible link between the aberrant behaviors of ED subjects and their hypothesized deranged reward processes. In particular, changes in leptin and ghrelin occur in patients with anorexia or bulimia nervosa and have been suggested to represent not only homeostatic adaptations to an altered energy balance but to contribute also to the acquisition and/or maintenance of persistent starvation, binge eating and physical hyperactivity, which are potentially rewarding for ED patients. On the basis of such findings new pathogenetic models of EDs have been proposed, and these models may provide new theoretical basis for the development of innovative treatment strategies, either psychological and pharmacological, with the aim to

Hernia hiatal y su relación con la ingestión de fibra dietética

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez Miranda, Adelaida; González-Carbajal Pascual, Miguel; Naranjo Hernández, Daysi; Valdés Alonso, Lidunka; Companioni Acosta, Susana

1995-01-01

Se estudiaron 226 pacientes con diagnóstico de hernia hiatal por radiología, endoscopia y manometría esofágica y 200 controles normales para determinar la cantidad de fibra dietética ingerida y su relación con la hernia hiatal. Se encontró que los pacientes que presentaron hernia hiatal consumían menos cantidad de fibra dietética que los controles, lo cual fue demostrado estadísticamente.

Anorexia nervosa: un estudio de casos

OpenAIRE

Zusman, Lillyana

2013-01-01

La Anorexia Nervosa es un trastorno de alimentación que se define (etimológicamente) como una "pérdida nerviosa del apetito". Se caracteriza por la actitud consciente, voluntaria y rotunda de los sujetos  de tener un exceso de peso que intentan modificar por vía de la inanición. A partir del estudio de casos, se propone la distinción entre una Anorexia Nervosa Estructural -aquella en la que predomina el conflicto intrapsíquico primario y arcaico, y que manifiesta una conducta aislada y retraí...

Establishing guidelines for pharmacotherapy trials in bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa.

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Mitchell, J E; Tareen, B; Sheehan, W; Agras, S; Brewerton, T D; Crow, S; Devlin, M; Eckert, E; Halmi, K; Herzog, D; Marcus, M; Powers, P; Stunkard, A; Walsh, B T

2000-07-01

This paper addresses the lack of a standard protocol for pharmacotherapy trials for patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa (AN). Twenty-two surveys were sent to established researchers in the field of eating disorders to elicit their opinions regarding medication trials, including baseline laboratory tests, the optimal length/frequency of medication management sessions, and the information that should or should not be included in these sessions. Sixteen of 22 researchers completed and returned the survey. Their answers are the basis of the data presented. We propose a battery of screening laboratory tests for both conditions. We suggest 30-45-min initial medication management sessions in both AN and BN trials with 15-min follow-ups to be held weekly for AN subjects, and weekly for 2 weeks, then biweekly for 2 weeks, then monthly, for BN subjects. We also recommend that published trials should include explicit details of medication management. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The stigma of clean dieting and orthorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Nevin, Suzanne M; Vartanian, Lenny R

2017-01-01

Although the stigma of eating disorders such as anorexia has been well established, little is known about the social consequences of "clean dieting" and orthorexia nervosa. In two studies, we examined the social stigma of clean dieting and orthorexia. In Study 1, participants read a vignette describing a woman following a "clean" diet, a woman with anorexia, or a control target (minimal information about the individual). In Study 2, participants read a vignette describing a woman with orthorexia, a woman displaying identical orthorexic behaviors but without the orthorexia label, a woman with anorexia, or a control target. Participants then rated the target individual on a range of measures assessing stereotypes, emotions, and behavioral intentions toward the target. Study 1 found that the clean-dieting target was evaluated more negatively than the control target on some dimensions, but less negatively than the target with anorexia nervosa. Study 2 found that evaluations of the targets with orthorexia nervosa were more negative than evaluations of a control target, but did not differ from evaluations of the target with anorexia nervosa. Perceptions of the target's control over her behavior were associated with more positive evaluations (Studies 1 and 2), whereas perceptions of blame and responsibility for the condition were associated with more negative evaluations (Study 2). Overall, these findings highlight the potential negative social consequences of clean dieting and orthorexia nervosa, and point to perceptions of control and blame as potential mechanisms underlying the stigma of these conditions.

Neurofunctional areas related to food appetency in anorexia nervosa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juán José Cervantes-Navarrete

2012-07-01

Full Text Available In Anorexia Nervosa the observable phenomenon is the suppression of appetite. Little is known about the biological and psychological (top-down bases that maintain this pathological state. However, Anorexia Nervosa is a biological, psychological and social model where the main behavioral characteristic is the inhibition of eating behavior; not by bottom-up but top-down regulation. Objective: To explore the areas of the brain associated with food appetency through functional magnetic resonance in women with anorexia nervosa. Methods: The subjects include 5 female with Restrictive type of Anorexia Nervosa and five controls female with similar in age and low weigh. The subjects were within the MRI scanner and while took fMRI they saw food images that would generate appetite. The subjects were in fasting state and mentally prepare by instruction “imagine you are eating the food presented in the following images”. Results: Compared differences in the activation between subjects four regions were found significant: the anterior cingulate, left front medial region and the left and right midbrain. Conclusions: The patients with Anorexia Nervosa present different activated cerebral areas to those of the controls during the visual exposition to food in hungry state and with evoke cognitions associated with eat food; those regions may be implicated in reward and self-control.

Biscoitos de polvilho azedo enriquecidos com fibras solúveis e insolúveis Fermented cassava starch biscuits enriched with soluble and insoluble fibers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flavio Martins Montenegro

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho avaliou a utilização de farelo de trigo e polidextrose como fontes de fibra no enriquecimento de biscoitos de polvilho. Utilizou-se a Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta para verificar a influência da adição destes ingredientes nos parâmetros de qualidade dos biscoitos. As respostas avaliadas do planejamento experimental fatorial completo 2² foram o volume específico, a dureza instrumental, a umidade e a cor - parâmetros L, a* e b*. Para as respostas: volume específico e dureza instrumental, todos os fatores foram significativos, a 95% de confiança, com R² = 0,9307 e 0,8091, respectivamente. Pela análise das superfícies geradas, pode-se observar que o farelo de trigo e a polidextrose reduziram o volume específico e o farelo teve maior efeito no aumento da dureza. A substituição de polvilho azedo por farelo de trigo e polidextrose nas proporções de 1,5 e 5%, respectivamente, gerou uma amostra rica em fibras, com 6,23% de fibra alimentar (calculado teoricamente, sem prejuízo considerável para as características de expansão e dureza, e com boa aceitação sensorial.This work evaluated the use of wheat bran and polidextrose as fiber sources to enrich fermented cassava starch biscuits. The Response Surface Methodology was used to verify the influence of the addition of these fiber sources on the quality parameters of the biscuits. The responses of the 2² central composite rotational experimental design that were evaluated were specific volume, hardness, and moisture and color - parameters L, a*, and b*. For the specific volume and hardness responses, all factors were significant: 95% confidence level, with R² of 0.9307 and 0.8091, respectively. Analyzing the surfaces obtained it could be observed that the wheat bran and polidextrose reduced the specific volume and the wheat bran had a greater effect in increasing hardness. The substitution of fermented cassava starch by wheat bran and polidextrose in

The Egosyntonic Nature of Anorexia: An Impediment to Recovery in Anorexia Nervosa Treatment

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Eva C. Gregertsen

2017-12-01

Full Text Available A serious problem faced by clinicians treating anorexia nervosa is the egosyntonic nature of the illness, wherein individuals with anorexia nervosa value their disorder, thereby hindering motivation for recovery and engagement with treatment. The objective of this review article is to elucidate the nature of egosyntonicity in anorexia nervosa, reviewing both qualitative and quantitative research pertaining to this topic, and, importantly, to present methods to overcome this impediment to recovery in anorexia nervosa treatment. The authors elucidate functions of anorexia nervosa for patients, both within psychological and social spheres, as well as highlight the detrimental effect of egosyntonicity in terms of illness severity and motivation for recovery. The final part of the paper contains suggestions as to methods of bypassing pitfalls linked with the influence of the egosyntonic nature of anorexia nervosa within a treatment setting, as well as an examination of three current treatments (enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders, Maudsley Model of Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults, and Specialist Supportive Clinical Management in terms of the degree to which they target egosyntonicity.

Método para la formulación de hormigones de fibras metálicas

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Serna Ros, Pedro

1984-06-01

Full Text Available In the work we are presenting, we have set ourselves the target of determining a practical method for ascertaining the dosage of fibrous concrete. To do this, as in any problem regarding dosage, we shall start from the possibilities of supply, which will be conditioned by the nature of the aggregates to be used, of certain technical restrictions imposed by the admixtures and of the carrying out requirements which will set the concrete workability. The first part of our study amounts to determining the optimal percentages for each aggregate and the water-cement ratio, starting with the dosage of cement established initially and for each fibre content proposed. In the second part, we shall develop the study of acceptable limits of fibre content, in order to prevent 'balls of fibre' from forming.

En los trabajos que presentamos nos hemos planteado el objetivo de determinar un método práctico de dosificación de hormigones de fibras. Para ello partiremos, como en cualquier problema de dosificación, de unas posibilidades de suministro que nos condicionarán la naturaleza de los áridos a utilizar, de unas limitaciones técnicas impuestas por los aditivos, y de unas necesidades de puesta en obra que nos fijarán la trabajabilidad del hormigón. La primera parte de nuestro trabajo se reduce a determinar, a partir de la dosificación en cemento fijada inicialmente, y para cada contenido en fibras propuesto, los porcentajes óptimos de cada uno de los áridos y la relación agua/cemento. En la segunda parte desarrollaremos el estudio de los límites admisibles del contenido en fibras, para evitar la formación de "pelotas de fibras".

Papel de la fibra dietética en la prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares

OpenAIRE

María Zurdo Seijas, Claudia

2015-01-01

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen una de las principales causas de muerte en España. Casi todos los factores de riesgo cardiovascular son modificables, ya que tienen relación con el estilo de vida, y más concretamente, con la alimentación. La relación entre el consumo de fibra y las enfermedades cardiovasculares ha sido muy estudiada, tanto a través de ensayos clínicos como en los grandes estudios de cohortes. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir los tipos de fibra dietética q...

Indirect evidence for decreased hypothalamic somatostatinergic tone in anorexia nervosa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Støving, R K; Andersen, M; Flyvbjerg, A

2002-01-01

in the central feeding mechanism in anorexia nervosa (AN). Peripheral administration of pyridostigmine (PD) minimizes the release of hypothalamic SRIH. DESIGN: To study the influence of hypothalamic somatostatinergic inhibition on the exaggerated somatotroph responsiveness to GHRH in patients with severe AN, two...... indirectly to greater SRIH withdrawal and greater GHRH release in anorexia nervosa. Moreover, hypothalamic SRIH activity seems to be inversely related to cortisol levels, indirectly supporting the hypothesis that SRIH and CRH neuronal activity are inversely related in anorexia nervosa. Leptin, which...... is believed to act on hypothalamic feeding mechanisms, seems to be positively related to SRIH activity. Finally, the present data demonstrate that the potentiating effect of pyridostigmine in anorexia nervosa is related to body mass index and increases upon weight gain, suggesting that the low...

[Thyroid function in patients with anorexia nervosa and depression].

Science.gov (United States)

Natori, Y; Yamaguchi, N; Koike, S; Aoyama, A; Tsuchibuchi, S; Kojyo, K; Demura, R

1994-12-01

Thyroid hormone levels were measured in 21 patients with anorexia nervosa, 15 patients with depression and 16 patients with severe depression and were compared with those in 53 normal subjects. In anorexia nervosa and severe depressed patients, serum T3, T4, fT3, fT4 and T3/T4 ratio showed significantly lower values than those in normal subjects. However there was no difference between depressed patients and normal subjects. The serum TSH levels were within normal range in all of the studied subjects. Thus, thyroid hormone levels in severe depressed patients were similar to those in anorexia nervosa and the changes were inversely related to disease conditions. The supplementation of thyroid hormones to antidepressant relieved clinical symptoms in some of the severe depressed patients. These results suggested that the changes in thyroid hormone levels in anorexia nervosa and severe depression were mainly due to impaired conversion of T4 to T3 by increased cortisol secretion through emotional stress.

Consumo de fibra alimentar por crianças e adolescentes com constipação crônica: influência da mãe ou cuidadora e relação com excesso de peso Dietary fiber intake for children and adolescents with chronic constipation: influence of mother or caretaker and relationship with overweight

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Carolina Santos Mello

2010-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da mãe ou da cuidadora sobre o consumo de fibra alimentar por crianças e adolescentes com constipação crônica bem como sua relação com a ocorrência de excesso de peso. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 38 crianças e adolescentes com constipação funcional e suas respectivas cuidadoras. Para análise do consumo de fibra alimentar, foi utilizado o registro alimentar de três dias. Peso e estatura foram aferidos para verificar o estado nutricional. A história familiar de constipação foi investigada. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes com constipação (89,5%; 34/38 apresentava consumo insuficiente de fibra (inferior à idade +5g. Das 38 cuidadoras, apenas uma (2,6% apresentou ingestão de fibra superior à recomendação mínima (20g/dia. Excesso de peso foi encontrado em 28,9% (11/38 dos pacientes e em 60,5% (23/38 das suas responsáveis. Associação entre excesso de peso e presença de constipação foi verificada entre as cuidadoras (p=0,046. As crianças e adolescentes do sexo feminino com excesso de peso apresentaram menor ingestão de fibra, comparadas às sem excesso de peso (p=0,011. Nos pacientes do sexo masculino, essa associação não foi observada. O consumo de fibra pelas cuidadoras com excesso de peso foi inferior ao das demais (p=0,027. Observou-se correlação entre consumo de fibra pelas crianças com constipação e suas cuidadoras, nos sexos masculino (r=+0,561; p=0,005 e feminino (r=+0,782; pOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the mother or caretaker on the consumption of dietary fiber by children and adolescents with chronic constipation and its relationship with the occurrence of overweight. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 38 children and adolescents with functional constipation and their respective caretakers. A three-day food register was used for the analysis of the dietary fiber consumption. Weight and height were measured to verify the nutritional status

Concreto autoadensável reforçado com fibras de aço: comportamento à flexão

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A. R. Barros

Full Text Available Este estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar o comportamento de vigas de concreto autoadensável (CAA reforçado com fibras de aço submetidas à flexão. Para tal, foram utilizadas fibras de aço com fator l/d = 50, em uma fração volumétrica de 1%. Foram confeccionadas vigas armadas de dimensões (12,5 x 23,5 x 132 cm, as quais foram ensaiadas por flexão a quatro pontos, aos 28 dias de idade, sendo feitas medições das deformações apresentadas nos estribos e armadura longitudinal, além de medições das deformações do concreto na região comprimida e das flechas no meio do vão. Os resultados dos ensaios mostraram que a adição das fibras de aço ao CAA promoveu sensível ganho na capacidade resistente da viga, com menores flechas, menores deformações das armaduras, longitudinal e transversal, e melhorado controle da fissuração, em comparação às demais vigas produzidas com concretos convencionais, com e sem fibras de aço.

A review of endocrine changes in anorexia nervosa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Støving, R K; Hangaard, J; Hansen-Nord, M

1999-01-01

Anorexia nervosa is a syndrome of unknown etiology. It is associated with multiple endocrine abnormalities. Hypothalamic monoamines (especially serotonin), neuropeptides (especially neuropeptide Y and cholecystokinin) and leptin are involved in the regulation of human appetite, and in several ways...... they are changed in anorexia nervosa. However, it remains to be clarified whether the altered appetite regulation is secondary or etiologic. Increased secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone and proopiomelanocortin seems to be secondary to starvation, however, there is evidence that it may maintain...... and intensify anorexia, excessive physical activity and amenorrhea. Hypothalamic amenorrhea, which is a diagnostic criterion in anorexia nervosa, is not solely related to the low body weight and exercise. Growth hormone resistance with low production of insulin-like growth factor I and high growth hormone...

Altered intrinsic functional brain architecture in female patients with bulimia nervosa.

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Wang, Li; Kong, Qing-Mei; Li, Ke; Li, Xue-Ni; Zeng, Ya-Wei; Chen, Chao; Qian, Ying; Feng, Shi-Jie; Li, Ji-Tao; Su, Yun'Ai; Correll, Christoph U; Mitchell, Philip B; Yan, Chao-Gan; Zhang, Da-Rong; Si, Tian-Mei

2017-11-01

Bulimia nervosa is a severe psychiatric syndrome with uncertain pathogenesis. Neural systems involved in sensorimotor and visual processing, reward and impulsive control may contribute to the binge eating and purging behaviours characterizing bulimia nervosa. However, little is known about the alterations of functional organization of whole brain networks in individuals with this disorder. We used resting-state functional MRI and graph theory to characterize functional brain networks of unmedicated women with bulimia nervosa and healthy women. We included 44 unmedicated women with bulimia nervosa and 44 healthy women in our analyses. Women with bulimia nervosa showed increased clustering coefficient and path length compared with control women. The nodal strength in patients with the disorder was higher in the sensorimotor and visual regions as well as the precuneus, but lower in several subcortical regions, such as the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex. Patients also showed hyperconnectivity primarily involving sensorimotor and unimodal visual association regions, but hypoconnectivity involving subcortical (striatum, thalamus), limbic (amygdala, hippocampus) and paralimbic (orbitofrontal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus) regions. The topological aberrations correlated significantly with scores of bulimia and drive for thinness and with body mass index. We reruited patients with only acute bulimia nervosa, so it is unclear whether the topological abnormalities comprise vulnerability markers for the disorder developing or the changes associated with illness state. Our findings show altered intrinsic functional brain architecture, specifically abnormal global and local efficiency, as well as nodal- and network-level connectivity across sensorimotor, visual, subcortical and limbic systems in women with bulimia nervosa, suggesting that it is a disorder of dysfunctional integration among large-scale distributed brain regions. These abnormalities

Investigação sobre a eficiência da fibra de vidro e da fibra cerâmica como suporte de solda na soldagem unilateral Investigation over the eficiency of fiber glass and ceramic fiber as weld support in one-sided welding

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Luiz Cláudio Tatagiba

2011-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar uma nova categoria de suporte de solda para a soldagem unilateral do aço carbono, usando tecidos de fibra de vidro e fibra cerâmica. Trata-se de uma proposta de inovação tecnológica, uma evolução do suporte cerâmico convencional. A soldagem unilateral com este tipo de suporte de solda foi executada em chapas de aço carbono com arame tubular (FCAW e MIG-MAG (GMAW. A eficiência da fibra de vidro e da fibra cerâmica em suportar o metal de solda líquido foi verificada durante a soldagem do passe de raiz. Várias espessuras e combinações de tecidos de fibra de vidro e fibra cerâmica foram testadas, bem como foram identificados pontos de trabalho. As seguintes variáveis do processo foram estudadas: a abertura de raiz, a corrente e a velocidade de soldagem. Os resultados mostram que os materiais à base de fibra de vidro e fibra cerâmica são eficientes para suportar a poça de solda líquida. O modo de fixação do suporte de solda na junta soldada também mostrou ser efetivo. Foi possível estimar uma faixa de operação do processo, com abertura de raiz de 2,0 a 4,0 mm, a energia de soldagem menor que 1,8 kJ/mm, a técnica de soldagem ligeiramente puxando e com pequena oscilação da tocha, espessura do suporte de solda de tecido de fibra de vidro maior que 1,6 mm. Macrogafias da juntas soldadas mostraram que houve penetração nas laterais do chanfro, reforço de solda adequado na raiz e não foram notados defeitos.The objective of this work was to evaluate a new chategory of weld support for the one-sided welding of carbon steel, using fiber glass and ceramic fiber tissues. This is a proposal of techonological innovation proposed, an evolution of the conventional ceramic support. The one-sided welding with this type of weld support was made in carbon steel with FCAW and GMAW. The efficiency of fiber glass and ceramic fiber was verified during the root weld bead. Several thicknesses and

Update on endocrine disturbances in anorexia nervosa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Støving, R K; Hangaard, J; Hagen, C

2001-01-01

The marked endocrine changes that occur in anorexia nervosa have aroused a great deal of interest, and over the last decade much research has been conducted in this field. The endocrine disturbances are not specific to this disorder, as they also occur in starvation states secondary to other causes...... of the large body of literature concerning endocrine aspects of anorexia nervosa with the main focus on the latest results, which provide leads for potential etiological theories....

"Holy anorexia"-relevant or relic? Religiosity and anorexia nervosa among Finnish women.

Science.gov (United States)

Sipilä, Pyry; Harrasova, Gulnara; Mustelin, Linda; Rose, Richard J; Kaprio, Jaakko; Keski-Rahkonen, Anna

2017-04-01

Since medieval times, an association between religiosity and anorexia nervosa has been suggested, but few systematic studies exist. This study examines in a nationwide setting whether personal or family religiosity is associated with lifetime anorexia nervosa among women in adolescence and early adulthood. Women (N = 2,825) from the 1975 to 1979 birth cohorts of Finnish twins were screened for lifetime DSM-5 anorexia nervosa (N = 92). Parental religiosity was assessed by self-report when the women were aged 16 years. The women self-reported their religiosity at ages 16 and 22 to 27 years. Parental religiosity did not increase the risk of lifetime anorexia nervosa, and neither did religiosity of the women themselves in adolescence. In early adulthood, a J-shaped curve was compatible with the data, indicating increased risk both at low and high levels of religiosity, but this result was statistically non-significant. Religiosity was weakly negatively correlated with body dissatisfaction. There was some suggestive evidence for socioregional variation in the association of religiosity with lifetime anorexia nervosa. In this first population study to directly address religiosity and anorexia nervosa, no evidence was found for a significant association of religiosity with anorexia nervosa either at the personal or family level. Some regional differences are possible. A modest protective association of religiosity with body dissatisfaction is also possible. Despite compelling case descriptions of "holy anorexia," religiosity does not appear to be a central factor in the development of anorexia nervosa in Finland, a highly secularized Christian country. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Personality Dimensions in Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder, and Obesity

Science.gov (United States)

Peterson, Carol B.; Thuras, Paul; Ackard, Diann M.; Mitchell, James E.; Berg, Kelly; Sandager, Nora; Wonderlich, Stephen A.; Pederson, Melissa W.; Crow, Scott J.

2010-01-01

Objective The purpose of this investigation was to examine differences in personality dimensions among individuals with bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, non-binge eating obesity and a normal weight comparison group as well as to determine the extent to which these differences were independent of self-reported depressive symptoms. Method Personality dimensions were assessed using the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire in 36 patients with bulimia nervosa, 54 patients with binge eating disorder, 30 obese individuals who did not binge eat, and 77 normal weight comparison participants. Results Participants with bulimia nervosa reported higher scores on measures of stress reaction and negative emotionality compared to the other three groups, and lower well-being scores compared to the normal weight comparison and the obese samples. Patients with binge eating disorder scored lower on well-being and higher on harm avoidance than the normal weight comparison group. In addition, the bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder groups scored lower than the normal weight group on positive emotionality. When personality dimensions were re-analyzed using depression as a covariate, only stress reaction remained higher in the bulimia nervosa group compared to the other three groups and harm avoidance remained higher in the binge eating disorder than the normal weight comparison group. Conclusions The higher levels of stress reaction in the bulimia nervosa sample and harm avoidance in the binge eating disorder sample after controlling for depression indicate that these personality dimensions are potentially important in the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of these eating disorders. Although the extent to which observed group differences in well-being, positive emotionality and negative emotionality reflect personality traits, mood disorders, or both is unclear, these features clearly warrant further examination in understanding and treating bulimia nervosa and

Personality dimensions in bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and obesity.

Science.gov (United States)

Peterson, Carol B; Thuras, Paul; Ackard, Diann M; Mitchell, James E; Berg, Kelly; Sandager, Nora; Wonderlich, Stephen A; Pederson, Melissa W; Crow, Scott J

2010-01-01

The purpose of this investigation was to examine differences in personality dimensions among individuals with bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, non-binge eating obesity, and a normal-weight comparison group as well as to determine the extent to which these differences were independent of self-reported depressive symptoms. Personality dimensions were assessed using the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire in 36 patients with bulimia nervosa, 54 patients with binge eating disorder, 30 obese individuals who did not binge eat, and 77 normal-weight comparison participants. Participants with bulimia nervosa reported higher scores on measures of stress reaction and negative emotionality compared to the other 3 groups and lower well-being scores compared to the normal-weight comparison and the obese samples. Patients with binge eating disorder scored lower on well-being and higher on harm avoidance than the normal-weight comparison group. In addition, the bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder groups scored lower than the normal-weight group on positive emotionality. When personality dimensions were reanalyzed using depression as a covariate, only stress reaction remained higher in the bulimia nervosa group compared to the other 3 groups and harm avoidance remained higher in the binge eating disorder than the normal-weight comparison group. The higher levels of stress reaction in the bulimia nervosa sample and harm avoidance in the binge eating disorder sample after controlling for depression indicate that these personality dimensions are potentially important in the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of these eating disorders. Although the extent to which observed group differences in well-being, positive emotionality, and negative emotionality reflect personality traits, mood disorders, or both, is unclear, these features clearly warrant further examination in understanding and treating bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder.

Worse survival after breast cancer in women with anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Bens, Annet; Papadopoulos, Fotios C; Pukkala, Eero; Ekbom, Anders; Gissler, Mika; Mellemkjær, Lene

2018-04-01

A history of anorexia nervosa has been associated with a reduced risk of developing breast cancer. We investigated survival after breast cancer among women with a prior anorexia nervosa diagnosis compared with women in a population comparison group. This register-based study included combined data from Sweden, Denmark and Finland. A total of 76 and 1462 breast cancer cases identified among 22,654 women with anorexia nervosa and 224,619 women in a population comparison group, respectively, were included in the study. Hazard ratios (HR) for overall and breast cancer-specific mortality after breast cancer diagnosis were estimated using Cox regression. Cause of death was available only for Swedish and Danish women; therefore, the analysis on breast cancer-specific mortality was restricted to these women. We observed 23 deaths after breast cancer among anorexia nervosa patients and 247 among population comparisons. The overall mortality after the breast cancer diagnosis was increased in women with a history of anorexia nervosa compared with population comparisons (HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.6-3.9) after adjustment for age, period and extent of disease. Results were similar for overall (HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4-3.6) and breast cancer-specific mortality (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.6) among Swedish and Danish women. We found that female breast cancer patients with a prior diagnosis of anorexia nervosa have a worse survival compared with other breast cancer patients.

COMPORTAMIENTO DEL CONCRETO REFORZADO CON FIBRAS DE ACERO ZP-306 SOMETIDO A ESFUERZOS DE COMPRESIÓN

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Lina P. Gallo-Arciniegas

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En Colombia, el uso del concreto reforzado con fibras de acero (CRFA es muy limitado, debido a que en el país no existe suficiente evidencia experimental y requisitos reglamentarios al respecto. En el artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación experimental y analítica sobre el comportamiento del CRFA elaborado con fibras ZP-306, sometidas a esfuerzos de compresión. El estudio involucra la revisión y discusión de los modelos disponibles en la literatura, así como un programa experimental que incluye el ensayo de 48 especímenes. A partir de un análisis de regresión de los datos medidos, se proponen ecuaciones para estimar las principales propiedades mecánicas del CRFA, tales como resistencia a compresión, módulo de elasticidad y relación de Poisson. Las ecuaciones correlacionan las propiedades mecánicas con las principales características de las fibras de acero, tales como dosificación y relación de aspecto.

Total body water and total body potassium in anorexia nervosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dempsey, D.T.; Crosby, L.O.; Lusk, E.; Oberlander, J.L.; Pertschuk, M.J.; Mullen, J.L.

1984-08-01

In the ill hospitalized patient with clinically relevant malnutrition, there is a measurable decrease in the ratio of the total body potassium to total body water (TBK/TBW) and a detectable increase in the ratio of total exchangeable sodium to total exchangeable potassium (Nae/Ke). To evaluate body composition analyses in anorexia nervosa patients with chronic uncomplicated semistarvation, TBK and TBW were measured by whole body K40 counting and deuterium oxide dilution in 10 females with stable anorexia nervosa and 10 age-matched female controls. The ratio of TBK/TBW was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in anorexia nervosa patients than controls. The close inverse correlation found in published studies between TBK/TBW and Nae/Ke together with our results suggest that in anorexia nervosa, Nae/Ke may be low or normal. A decreased TBK/TBW is not a good indicator of malnutrition in the anorexia nervosa patient. The use of a decreased TBK/TBW ratio or an elevated Nae/Ke ratio as a definition of malnutrition may result in inappropriate nutritional management in the patient with severe nonstressed chronic semistarvation.

Total body water and total body potassium in anorexia nervosa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dempsey, D.T.; Crosby, L.O.; Lusk, E.; Oberlander, J.L.; Pertschuk, M.J.; Mullen, J.L.

1984-01-01

In the ill hospitalized patient with clinically relevant malnutrition, there is a measurable decrease in the ratio of the total body potassium to total body water (TBK/TBW) and a detectable increase in the ratio of total exchangeable sodium to total exchangeable potassium (Nae/Ke). To evaluate body composition analyses in anorexia nervosa patients with chronic uncomplicated semistarvation, TBK and TBW were measured by whole body K40 counting and deuterium oxide dilution in 10 females with stable anorexia nervosa and 10 age-matched female controls. The ratio of TBK/TBW was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in anorexia nervosa patients than controls. The close inverse correlation found in published studies between TBK/TBW and Nae/Ke together with our results suggest that in anorexia nervosa, Nae/Ke may be low or normal. A decreased TBK/TBW is not a good indicator of malnutrition in the anorexia nervosa patient. The use of a decreased TBK/TBW ratio or an elevated Nae/Ke ratio as a definition of malnutrition may result in inappropriate nutritional management in the patient with severe nonstressed chronic semistarvation

Special Issue: Outcome of Anorexia Nervosa with Teenage Onset.

Science.gov (United States)

Casper, Regina C., Ed.

1996-01-01

The articles of this special issue report on studies of the outcomes of treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa. These studies leave no doubt about the mortality risk and debilitating nature of chronic anorexia nervosa, but they do suggest that the prognosis, given expert treatment, is favorable for the most part. (SLD)

Qu'un souffle de vent: an exploration of anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Giordano, S

2002-06-01

The spread of anorexia nervosa, especially in Western developed countries, is reaching alarming proportions. According to the International Classification of Diseases, the central feature of anorexia nervosa is "deliberate weight loss". This means that anorexia nervosa is a progressive pursuit of lightness. Moving from this observation, I ask why so many people want to lose weight, why some would die, rather than put on weight. In order to understand what value these people attach to lightness, I look at contexts where lightness is typically celebrated (music, literature, and arts) and provide an analysis of anorexia nervosa, using both theoretical reflection and empirical observations. This analysis shows that anorexia is much more than a pattern of psychiatric symptoms, and much more than unintelligible behaviour. Anorexic behaviour is instead meaningful and coherent behaviour, and expresses ethical values that are deeply rooted in Western culture.

Propiedades mecánicas de bandejas elaboradas con almidón de especies vegetales nativas y fibras de residuos agroindustriales

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Miguel Espina

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de las fibras naturales obtenidas de residuos agroindustriales en la densidad, el gramaje y las propiedades mecánicas de las espumas termoprensadas elaboradas de almidón de especies nativas, como lo son el camote, la oca y la arracacha. El proceso de termoformado se llevó a cabo a una temperatura de 145 °C y una presión de 60 bar. El tiempo de horneado fue de 10 - 15 min dependiendo del contenido de agua en la mezcla. Las bandejas fueron caracterizadas por su densidad, gramaje, ensayo de impacto, ensayos de deflexión, colorimetría y sus valores de dureza y fracturabilidad. Las bandejas elaboradas por termopresión a base de almidón de camote - fibra de bagazo de caña de azúcar al 15%, y de almidón de arracacha- fibra peladilla de espárrago al 30% presentaron mayores valores en resistencia a la flexión frente a las elaboradas con otros tipos de almidones y fibras, incluyendo a pruebas en blanco. De manera general, la dureza de las bandejas se ve favorecida con el increme nto de fibra, sin embargo, la fracturabilidad decrece o no mejora la integridad de la matriz polimérica. Los resultados mostrados en esta investigación permitirán la elaboración de bandejas biodegradables para distintas aplicaciones industriales.

Altered insula response to sweet taste processing after recovery from anorexia and bulimia nervosa.

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Oberndorfer, Tyson A; Frank, Guido K W; Simmons, Alan N; Wagner, Angela; McCurdy, Danyale; Fudge, Julie L; Yang, Tony T; Paulus, Martin P; Kaye, Walter H

2013-10-01

Recent studies suggest that altered function of higher-order appetitive neural circuitry may contribute to restricted eating in anorexia nervosa and overeating in bulimia nervosa. This study used sweet tastes to interrogate gustatory neurocircuitry involving the anterior insula and related regions that modulate sensory-interoceptive-reward signals in response to palatable foods. Participants who had recovered from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa were studied to avoid confounding effects of altered nutritional state. Functional MRI measured brain response to repeated tastes of sucrose and sucralose to disentangle neural processing of caloric and noncaloric sweet tastes. Whole-brain functional analysis was constrained to anatomical regions of interest. Relative to matched comparison women (N=14), women recovered from anorexia nervosa (N=14) had significantly diminished and women recovered from bulimia nervosa (N=14) had significantly elevated hemodynamic response to tastes of sucrose in the right anterior insula. Anterior insula response to sucrose compared with sucralose was exaggerated in the recovered group (lower in women recovered from anorexia nervosa and higher in women recovered from bulimia nervosa). The anterior insula integrates sensory reward aspects of taste in the service of nutritional homeostasis. One possibility is that restricted eating and weight loss occur in anorexia nervosa because of a failure to accurately recognize hunger signals, whereas overeating in bulimia nervosa could represent an exaggerated perception of hunger signals. This response may reflect the altered calibration of signals related to sweet taste and the caloric content of food and may offer a pathway to novel and more effective treatments.

Cardiovascular complications of anorexia nervosa: A systematic review.

Science.gov (United States)

Sachs, Katherine V; Harnke, Ben; Mehler, Philip S; Krantz, Mori J

2016-03-01

Anorexia nervosa portends the highest mortality among psychiatric diseases, despite primarily being a disease of adolescents and younger adults. Although some of this mortality risk is attributable to suicide, many deaths are likely cardiovascular in etiology. Recent studies suggest that adverse myocardial structural changes occur in this condition, which could underlie the increased mortality. Given limited prevalence of severe anorexia there is a paucity of clinical and autopsy data to discern an exact cause of death. Given this background we conducted a systematic review of the medical literature to provide a contemporary summary of the pathobiologic sequelae of severe anorexia nervosa on the cardiovascular system. We sought to elucidate the impact of anorexia nervosa in four cardiovascular domains: structural, repolarization/conduction, hemodynamic, and peripheral vascular. A number of cardiac abnormalities associated with anorexia nervosa have been described in the literature, including pericardial and valvular pathology, changes in left ventricular mass and function, conduction abnormalities, bradycardia, hypotension, and dysregulation in peripheral vascular contractility. Despite the prevalent theory that malignant arrhythmias are implicated as a cause of sudden death in this disorder, data to support this causal relationship are lacking. It is reasonable to obtain routine electrocardiography and measurements of orthostatic vital signs in patients presenting with anorexia nervosa. Echocardiography is generally not indicated unless prompted by clinical signs of disease. Admission to an inpatient unit with telemetry monitoring is recommended for patients with severe sinus bradycardia or junction rhythm, marked prolongation of the corrected QT interval, or syncope. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Interpersonal motives in anorexia nervosa: the fear of losing one's autonomy.

OpenAIRE

Brockmeyer Timo; Grosse Holtforth Martin; Bents Hinrich; Kämmerer Annette; Herzog Wolfgang; Friederich Hans-Christoph

2013-01-01

OBJECTIVE This study examined the widely held but insufficiently studied hypothesis of autonomy disturbances in anorexia nervosa. METHOD A total sample of 112 participants comprising patients with acute anorexia nervosa (AN) women recovered from anorexia nervosa (REC) clinical controls (CC) and healthy controls (HC) completed measures of dependency and intimacy strivings as well as measures of frustrations of these same strivings. RESULTS In comparison to HC and CC AN showed a stronger motiva...

Underlying assumptions and core beliefs in anorexia nervosa and dieting.

Science.gov (United States)

Cooper, M; Turner, H

2000-06-01

To investigate assumptions and beliefs in anorexia nervosa and dieting. The Eating Disorder Belief Questionnaire (EDBQ), was administered to patients with anorexia nervosa, dieters and female controls. The patients scored more highly than the other two groups on assumptions about weight and shape, assumptions about eating and negative self-beliefs. The dieters scored more highly than the female controls on assumptions about weight and shape. The cognitive content of anorexia nervosa (both assumptions and negative self-beliefs) differs from that found in dieting. Assumptions about weight and shape may also distinguish dieters from female controls.

The role of maternal anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa before and during pregnancy in early childhood wheezing: Findings from the NINFEA birth cohort study.

Science.gov (United States)

Popovic, Maja; Pizzi, Costanza; Rusconi, Franca; Gagliardi, Luigi; Galassi, Claudia; Trevisan, Morena; Merletti, Franco; Richiardi, Lorenzo

2018-05-02

This study evaluates associations of maternal eating disorders (bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and purging behaviors) with infant wheezing and examines the effects of eating disorders on several wheezing determinants. We studied 5,150 singletons from the NINFEA birth cohort. Maternal bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa diagnoses were ascertained from the questionnaires completed in pregnancy and 6 months after delivery, and were analyzed as: ever diagnosis, only before pregnancy, and during pregnancy. Purging behaviors were assessed for 12 months before or during pregnancy. The associations with wheezing between 6 and 18 months of age were assessed in models adjusted for a priori selected confounders. Children born to mothers with lifetime eating disorders were at an increased risk of developing wheezing (adjusted OR 1.68; [95% CI: 1.08, 2.60]), and this risk further increased when the disorders were active during pregnancy (2.52 [1.23, 5.19]). Increased risk of offspring wheezing was observed also for purging behaviors without history of eating disorder diagnosis (1.50 [1.10, 2.04]). The observed associations were not explained by comorbid depression and/or anxiety. Bulimia nervosa and/or anorexia nervosa during pregnancy were also associated with several risk factors for wheezing, including maternal smoking, adverse pregnancy outcomes, shorter breastfeeding duration, and day-care attendance. The associations of maternal eating disorders with offspring wheezing suggest long-term adverse respiratory outcomes in children of mothers with eating disorders. A better understanding of mechanisms implicated is necessary to help reduce the respiratory disease burden in these children. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

How much should I eat? Estimation of meal portions in anorexia nervosa.

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Milos, Gabriella; Kuenzli, Cornelia; Soelch, Chantal Martin; Schumacher, Sonja; Moergeli, Hanspeter; Mueller-Pfeiffer, Christoph

2013-04-01

Pathological concern regarding one's weight and weight gain is a crucial feature of anorexia nervosa. Consequently, anorexia nervosa patients often claim that they are uncertain regarding the amount of food they should eat. The present study investigated whether individuals with anorexia nervosa show an altered estimation of meal portion sizes and whether this estimation is modulated by an intent-to-eat instruction (where patients are asked to imagine having to eat the presented meal), meal type and meal portion size. Twenty-four women with anorexia nervosa and 27 healthy women estimated, using a visual analogue scale, the size of six different portions of three different meals, with and without intent-to-eat instructions. Subjects with anorexia nervosa estimated the size of small and medium meal portions (but not large meal servings) as being significantly larger, compared to estimates of healthy controls. The overestimation of small meal portions by anorexia nervosa subjects was significantly greater in the intent-to-eat, compared to general, condition. These findings suggest that disturbed perceptions associated with anorexia nervosa not only include interoceptive awareness (i.e., body weight and shape), but also extend to external disorder-related objects such as meal portion size. Specific therapeutic interventions, such as training regarding meal portion evaluation, could address these difficulties. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Conocimiento y hábitos en relación a la fibra dietética: resultados preliminaries

OpenAIRE

Leal, Marcela; Carranza, C; Herrera, J; Guiné, Raquel

2015-01-01

Introducción. El consumo de fibra dietética, y el conocimiento de sus beneficios son fundamentales en el cambio de conducta alimentaria para la prevención de ECNT. Objetivo. Describir los hábitos de consumo de alimentos con fibra dietética y el nivel de conocimiento. Metodología. Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, no experimental transversal, parte del proyecto internacional del Instituto Politécnico (Portugal) donde participan 10 países. Muestra no probabilística por voluntarios de 8...

Bullae, Bronchiectasis and Nutritional Emphysema in Severe Anorexia Nervosa

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Victoria J Cook

2001-01-01

Full Text Available STUDY OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary complications of anorexia nervosa are rarely documented. The case of a patient with anorexia nervosa and pulmonary disease is presented, a new quantitative computed tomography (CT method for the detection of emphysema is employed, the literature is reviewed and the concept of 'nutritional' emphysema is discussed.

New recommendations for management of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa from NICE

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Vitaliy Bezsheiko

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The UK's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE, one of the most authoritative institutions in the field of evidence-based medicine, has issued standards for management of patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa.

Atypical bulimia nervosa in a male patient of rural north-east India

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Manabendra Makhal

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa rarely seem to manifest in males from non-Western cultures like India, but occur infrequently in milder forms with fewer symptoms as atypical bulimia nervosa. This report describes a male case of bulimia nervosa from rural area of India presenting with atypical features. He was treated successfully with fluoxetine and cognitive behavioural therapy.

ESTUDO DA SECAGEM DA FIBRA RESIDUAL DO ABACAXI

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T. G. M. WAUGHON

2009-01-01

Full Text Available

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o resíduo fibroso gerado na industrialização do suco de abacaxi (Ananas comosus L. e estudar seu beneficiamento, através da secagem, visando obter um produto rico em fibras dietéticas. O resíduo caracterizado apresentou um elevado teor de fibras (32,95% b.s.. A secagem foi realizada em secador de leito fixo, em camada delgada, utilizando planejamento fatorial completo a três níveis, com triplicata no ponto central. As variáveis de entrada foram: temperatura (50 ºC, 60 ºC e 70ºC e velocidade de circulação do ar (2,0 m/s; 2,5 m/s e 3,0 m/s. As variáveis de resposta avaliadas foram: umidade de equilíbrio, tempo de secagem, taxa de secagem à velocidade constante e coloração do produto. Os resultados obtidos através da análise de variância mostraram que a temperatura foi a variável de entrada que apresentou maior influência sobre as variáveis de resposta analisadas, não exercendo influência significativa apenas sobre a cor do produto.

CONSUMO DE FIBRA DIETÉTICA EN LACTANTES MENORES DE 2 AÑOS Y ESTREÑIMIENTO FUNCIONAL

OpenAIRE

Carlos Alberto Velasco Benítez; Sandra Carolina Giraldo Lora

2014-01-01

Introducción: La inclusión de la fibra dietética (FD), tiene múltiples beneficios sobre la salud del ser humano; sin embargo, en pediatría, existen grandes brechas concernientes a la relación de fibra y estreñimiento. Objetivo: Describir el hábito intestinal en lactantes . Se tuvo en cuenta la alimentación con leche materna, el tiempo de inicio de alimentación complementaria y el antecedente de madre o cuidador con EF. Los resultados son expresados como X±DS. El análisis estadístico incluyó X...

Trail making task performance in inpatients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

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Vall, Eva; Wade, Tracey D

2015-07-01

Set-shifting inefficiencies have been consistently identified in adults with anorexia nervosa (AN). It is less clear to what degree similar inefficiencies are present in those with bulimia nervosa (BN). It is also unknown whether perfectionism is related to set-shifting performance. We employed a commonly used set-shifting measure, the Trail Making Test (TMT), to compare the performance of inpatients with AN and BN with a healthy control sample. We also investigated whether perfectionism predicted TMT scores. Only the BN sample showed significantly suboptimal performance, while the AN sample was indistinguishable from controls on all measures. There were no differences between the AN subtypes (restrictive or binge/purge), but group sizes were small. Higher personal standards perfectionism was associated with better TMT scores across groups. Higher concern over mistakes perfectionism predicted better accuracy in the BN sample. Further research into the set-shifting profile of individuals with BN or binge/purge behaviours is needed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

Modificação da rugosidade de fibras de carbono por método químico para aplicação em compósitos poliméricos

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Burakowski Liliana

2001-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho aborda o tratamento superficial de fibras de carbono por ácidos clorídrico e nítrico, visando o aumento controlado da rugosidade superficial da fibra e assim melhorar a ligação fibra/matriz no processamento de compósitos poliméricos reforçados com fibras longas. Foram utilizadas fibras de carbono com size, da empresa Toray. Essas foram tratadas com os ácidos clorídrico e nítrico, a 103°C, em concentrações de 35,5 % e 97 %, em massa, respectivamente, em tempos de exposição de 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 60 minutos. As fibras modificadas quimicamente foram caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e por ensaios mecânicos de tração e os dados foram tratados pelo método estatístico de Weibull. Os resultados mostram que os tratamentos empregados modificam a superfície da fibra e que períodos de tratamento superiores a 20 minutos as danificam, degradando de maneira significativa as suas propriedades mecânicas.

Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia.

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Csapo, Marg

1987-01-01

The article reviews the literature on anorexia nervosa, with or without bulimia, and presents a comprehensive picture of this eating disorder, focusing on terminology, historical references, prevalence, prognosis, classification, diagnostic criteria, physical and psychological characteristics, evolution of the disability, etiology, treatment, and…

Altered cortical thickness and attentional deficits in adolescent girls and women with bulimia nervosa.

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Berner, Laura A; Stefan, Mihaela; Lee, Seonjoo; Wang, Zhishun; Terranova, Kate; Attia, Evelyn; Marsh, Rachel

2018-05-01

Frontostriatal and frontoparietal abnormalities likely contribute to deficits in control and attentional processes in individuals with bulimia nervosa and to the persistence of dysregulated eating across development. This study assessed these processes and cortical thickness in a large sample of adolescent girls and women with bulimia nervosa compared with healthy controls. We collected anatomical MRI data from adolescent girls and women (ages 12-38 yr) with full or subthreshold bulimia nervosa and age-matched healthy controls who also completed the Conners Continuous Performance Test-II (CPT-II). Groups were compared on task performance and cortical thickness. Mediation analyses explored associations among cortical thickness, CPT-II variables, bulimia nervosa symptoms and age. We included 60 girls and women with bulimia nervosa and 54 controls in the analyses. Compared with healthy participants, those with bulimia nervosa showed increased impulsivity and inattention on the CPT-II, along with reduced thickness of the right pars triangularis, right superior parietal and left dorsal posterior cingulate cortices. In the bulimia nervosa group, exploratory analyses revealed that binge eating frequency correlated inversely with cortical thickness of frontoparietal and insular regions and that reduced frontoparietal thickness mediated the association between age and increased symptom severity and inattention. Binge eating frequency also mediated the association between age and lower prefrontal cortical thickness. These findings are applicable to only girls and women with bulimia nervosa, and our cross-sectional design precludes understanding of whether cortical thickness alterations precede or result from bulimia nervosa symptoms. Structural abnormalities in the frontoparietal and posterior cingulate regions comprising circuits that support control and attentional processes should be investigated as potential contributors to the maintenance of bulimia nervosa and useful

Altered cortical thickness and attentional deficits in adolescent girls and women with bulimia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Berner, Laura A; Stefan, Mihaela; Lee, Seonjoo; Wang, Zhishun; Terranova, Kate; Attia, Evelyn; Marsh, Rachel

2018-01-12

Frontostriatal and frontoparietal abnormalities likely contribute to deficits in control and attentional processes in individuals with bulimia nervosa and to the persistence of dysregulated eating across development. This study assessed these processes and cortical thickness in a large sample of adolescent girls and women with bulimia nervosa compared with healthy controls. We collected anatomical MRI data from adolescent girls and women (ages 12-38 yr) with full or subthreshold bulimia nervosa and age-matched healthy controls who also completed the Conners Continuous Performance Test-II (CPT-II). Groups were compared on task performance and cortical thickness. Mediation analyses explored associations among cortical thickness, CPT-II variables, bulimia nervosa symptoms and age. We included 60 girls and women with bulimia nervosa and 54 controls in the analyses. Compared with healthy participants, those with bulimia nervosa showed increased impulsivity and inattention on the CPT-II, along with reduced thickness of the right pars triangularis, right superior parietal and left dorsal posterior cingulate cortices. In the bulimia nervosa group, exploratory analyses revealed that binge eating frequency correlated inversely with cortical thickness of frontoparietal and insular regions and that reduced frontoparietal thickness mediated the association between age and increased symptom severity and inattention. Binge eating frequency also mediated the association between age and lower prefrontal cortical thickness. These findings are applicable to only girls and women with bulimia nervosa, and our cross-sectional design precludes understanding of whether cortical thickness alterations precede or result from bulimia nervosa symptoms. Structural abnormalities in the frontoparietal and posterior cingulate regions comprising circuits that support control and attentional processes should be investigated as potential contributors to the maintenance of bulimia nervosa and useful

On the uses of history in psychiatry: diagnostic implications for anorexia nervosa.

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Habermas, Tilmann

2005-09-01

The current study demonstrates that recent attempts to equate anorexia nervosa with any form of voluntary self-starvation are not justified. Three arguments are critically reconsidered: That weight phobia was not part of early case reports on anorexia nervosa, that weight phobia should be eliminated from the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, and that there is a continuity of forms of extreme fasting since the late Middle Ages. A critical approach to the history of eating disorders by interpreting historical sources makes the emergence of anorexia with weight phobia in the middle of the 19th century probable. The criteria for establishing psychiatric diagnoses and the differences between historical types of extreme fasting also support the historical novelty of anorexia nervosa. The etiologic implications of the historical specificity of anorexia nervosa are limited. Research should be directed to better understand self-starvation without weight phobia. 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Perfectionism in anorexia nervosa: variation by clinical subtype, obsessionality, and pathological eating behavior.

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Halmi, K A; Sunday, S R; Strober, M; Kaplan, A; Woodside, D B; Fichter, M; Treasure, J; Berrettini, W H; Kaye, W H

2000-11-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of perfectionism as a phenotypic trait in anorexia nervosa and its relevance across clinical subtypes of this illness. The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the perfectionism subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory were administered to 322 women with a history of anorexia nervosa who were participating in an international, multicenter genetic study of anorexia nervosa. All participants were additionally interviewed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and the Yale-Brown-Cornell Eating Disorder Scale. Mean differences on dependent measures among women with anorexia nervosa and comparison subjects were examined by using generalized estimating equations. Persons who had had anorexia nervosa had significantly higher total scores on the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale than did the healthy comparison subjects. In addition, scores of the anorexia subjects on the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 perfectionism subscale exceeded Eating Disorder Inventory-2 normative data. For the anorexia nervosa participants, the total score on the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 perfectionism subscale score were highly correlated. Total score on the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale was also significantly related to the total score and the motivation-for-change subscale score of the Yale-Brown-Cornell Eating Disorder Scale. These data show that perfectionism is a robust, discriminating characteristic of anorexia nervosa. Perfectionism is likely to be one of a cluster of phenotypic trait variables associated with a genetic diathesis for anorexia nervosa.

Comparação dos métodos convencional e Filter Bag Technique da Ankom® (FBT para determinação de fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido Comparison of conventional and Ankom’s filter bag technique (FBT methodologies for determining neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber.

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Geane Dias Gonçalves

2000-05-01

Full Text Available Foram analisadas fibra em detergente neutro (FDN e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA pelo método convencional e pela Filter Bag Technique da Ankom® (FBT, reutilizando os filtros F57 por até seis vezes. Para tanto, fez-se uso dos alimentos: milho moído, farelo de trigo, farelo de soja, farelo de canola, feno de tifton 85, feno de aveia, milheto e silagem de milho. O método FBT mostrou-se eficaz para a determinação de FDN e FDA para a maioria dos alimentos. A reutilização dos filtros F57 na FBT é recomendada de acordo com o tipo de alimento a ser testado. Para alimentos como a silagem de milho e o farelo de canola, a reutilização dos filtros poderá ser feita até seis vezes, já para outros alimentos, recomenda-se menor número de reutilizações. A análise da FDN para o milho, na FBT, não é recomendada.Neutral detergent fiber (NDF and acid detergent fiber (ADF concentrations were analyzed by conventional and ANKOM’s filter bag technique methodologies using F57 filter bags for up to six determinations. The feed samples used were: corn grist, wheat middlings, soybean meal, canola meal, tifton 85 hay, rat hay, millet and corn silage. FBT method was effective for NDF and ADF determination for the majority of feed samples. F57 filters reutilization in FBT is recommended in accordance with the tested feed type. For corn silage and canola meal, F57 filters are recommended to be reutilized up to six times, but for other feeds a lower number of reutilizations is recommended. NDF analysis of corn using FBT is not recommended.

Neural responses during social and self-knowledge tasks in bulimia nervosa

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Carrie J Mcadams

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Self-evaluation closely dependent upon body shape and weight is one of the defining criteria for bulimia nervosa. We studied 53 adult women, 17 with bulimia nervosa, 18 with a recent history of anorexia nervosa, and 18 healthy comparison women, using three different fMRI tasks that required thinking about self-knowledge and social interactions: the Social Identity task, the Physical Identity task, and the Social Attribution task. Previously, we identified regions of interest (ROI in the same tasks using whole brain voxel-wise comparisons of the healthy comparison women and women with a recent history of anorexia nervosa. Here, we report on the neural activations in those ROIs in subjects with bulimia nervosa. In the Social Attribution task, we examined activity in the right temporoparietal junction, an area frequently associated with mentalization. In the Social Identity task, we examined activity in the precuneus and dorsal anterior cingulate. In the Physical Identity task, we examined activity in a ventral region of the dorsal anterior cingulate. Interestingly, in all tested regions, the average activation in subjects with bulimia was more than the average activation levels seen in the subjects with a history of anorexia but less than that seen in healthy subjects. In three regions, the right temporoparietal junction, the precuneus, and the dorsal anterior cingulate, group responses in the subjects with bulimia were significantly different from healthy subjects but not subjects with anorexia. The neural activations of people with bulimia nervosa performing fMRI tasks engaging social processing are more similar to people with anorexia nervosa than healthy people. This suggests biological measures of social processes may be helpful in characterizing individuals with eating disorders.

Método experimental para consolidar fibras de papel. (I parte del estudio

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Alicia De Lera Santín

2009-08-01

Full Text Available En este artículo describimos un nuevo método enzimático para consolidar la celulosa del papel. Este método consiste en la síntesis de la celulosa con una enzima hidrolítica: la celulasa. Ésta actúa como una sintetasa, consolidando el papel cuando es mezclada en una solución orgánica de solvente/tampón (4:1 en presencia de un sustrato (β-cellobiosyl fluoride. Para mejorar el tratamiento añadimos un gel de agar-agar con todos los reactivos necesarios. Para observar el estado de las fibras antes y después del tratamiento, realizamos test mecánicos y fotografías de microscopía electrónica de barrido. Se observó que el proceso de consolidación casi consigue recuperar el estado físico inicial de las fibras así como su resistencia al desgarre y alargamiento.

Anorexia nervosa: an increasing problem in children and adolescents

OpenAIRE

Halmi, Katherine A.

2009-01-01

Information from eating disorder clinics across five continents suggests that anorexia nervosa is becoming an increasing problem in children and young adolescents. There is some indication that anxiety disorders in childhood may be a major risk factor for the development of anorexia nervosa. Early recognition and family treatment for this disorder are essential to prevent chronic impairment.

Validation of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-64): a comparison of Swedish female outpatients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa and controls.

Science.gov (United States)

Lindberg, Karolin; Nevonen, Lauri; Gustafsson, Sanna Aila; Nyman-Carlsson, Erika; Norring, Claes

2018-04-27

The aim of the study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-64) and to compare levels of interpersonal distress in Swedish female outpatients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa with age- and gender-matched controls. Totally, 401 participants were included; anorexia nervosa (n = 74), bulimia nervosa (n = 85) and controls (n = 242). All participants completed the IIP-64. The eating disorder (ED) patients also filled out the Eating Disorder Inventory-2/3 (EDI). Internal consistency of IIP-64 was acceptable to high. Principal component analyses with varimax rotation of the IIP-64 subscales confirmed the circumplex structure with two underlying orthogonal dimensions; affiliation and dominance. Significant correlations between EDI-3 composite scales ineffectiveness and interpersonal problems and IIP-64 were found. ED patients reported higher levels of interpersonal distress than controls on all but one subscale (intrusive/needy). IIP-64 can be considered to have acceptable to good reliability and validity in a Swedish ED sample. IIP-64 can be a useful complement in assessment of interpersonal problems in ED.

Poliolefinas reforçadas com fibras vegetais curtas: sisal × curauá Polyolefins reinforced with short vegetal fibers: sisal vs. curauá

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Márcia A. S. Spinacé

2011-01-01

Full Text Available É crescente o interesse nos compósitos poliméricos reforçados com fibras vegetais curtas em substituição às fibras de vidro, pois as fibras naturais provêm de fontes renováveis, não são abrasivas aos equipamentos de processamento, são biodegradáveis, e possuem baixa densidade comparada às fibras de vidro. Elas apresentam início de degradação em torno de 200 °C, sendo adequadas para reforçar poliolefinas que são processadas até essa temperatura ou termofíxos. Várias fibras vegetais vêm sendo usadas como reforço, dentre elas o curauá e o sisal; no entanto, há grande controvérsia na literatura sobre as propriedades finais dos compósitos. Neste trabalho comparamos as propriedades de compósitos de polietileno de alta densidade ou polipropileno com 20% em massa de fibras curtas de sisal ou de curauá com ou sem agentes de acoplagem. Todos foram processados por extrusão e moldados por injeção, exatamente nas mesmas condições, e os resultados foram comparados em termos das propriedades mecânicas. As fibras de curauá apresentam resistência à tração superior às fibras de sisal e os compósitos com fibras de curauá apresentaram resistência à tração e flexão ligeiramente superior aos compósitos com fibra de sisal. No caso da resistência ao impacto a situação se inverte. Como o sisal é mais frágil que o curauá, durante o processamento ocorre maior quebra da fibra provocando essa diferenciação nas propriedades mecânicas dos compósitos.There is growing interest in reinforced polymer composites using short vegetal fibers to replace glass fibers for several reasons. The composite fibers are produced from renewable resources, being biodegradable and less abrasive to the processing equipment, in addition to possessing a lower density than the glass fibers. Since their thermal degradation onset is at 200 °C, they can be used to reinforce thermoplastics processed below this temperature and thermosets

Differential environmental factors in anorexia nervosa: a sibling pair study.

Science.gov (United States)

Murphy, F; Troop, N A; Treasure, J L

2000-06-01

Previous studies have explored differences in psychosocial and familial factors between women who develop anorexia nervosa and those who do not. However, these studies have generally used between-group comparisons. This study looks at the environmental factors which may be antecedents of anorexia nervosa looking at sister pairs where one had anorexia nervosa and the other did not. A paired design was used to compare anorexic women with an unaffected sister on a number of background variables, including sibling interaction, parental care, peer group characteristics and other events unique to the individual. The Sibling Inventory of Differential Experience (SIDE) was used to determine non-shared environment. Out of an initial sample of 148 women with past or current anorexia nervosa, 28 were identified who had sisters with no reported history of eating disorders and who also consented to complete the questionnaire. Anorexic sisters perceived more maternal control and reported more antagonism towards and jealousy of their sisters than did unaffected sisters. In addition, anorexic women reported having had fewer friends and boyfriends than their sisters. These results confirm the perceived differences in background environment between women with and women without anorexia nervosa. These issues are discussed in relation to behavioural genetics, family dynamics and psychosexual development.

Crescimento inicial de mudas de Acacia mangium cultivadas em mantas de fibra de coco contendo substrato de lodo de esgoto

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Rômulo Fredson Duarte

2011-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento inicial de mudas de Acacia mangium semeadas em "manta" de fibra de coco contendo substrato de lodo de esgoto. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 13 tratamentos e três repetições, distribuídos em esquema fatorial (6 x 2 + 1 com seis proporções de fibra de coco e resíduo agregante, combinados com substratos com e sem lodo de esgoto, mais o tratamento-controle (terra de subsolo. Foram avaliados o índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE, a percentagem de emergência (EM e a altura das plantas aos 40 e 60 dias após a emergência. O tratamento- controle apresentou melhores resultados em relação ao IVE e EM quando comparado com os tratamentos utilizando "manta" de fibra de coco e resíduo agregante. Não houve diferença entre o controle e os tratamentos com "mantas" em altura das plantas aos 40 e 60 dias. Não foram observadas interações entre o tipo de substrato utilizado no semeio e as diferentes proporções de fibra de coco na "manta". A presença de lodo no substrato não influenciou o IVE e a EM, contudo verificou-se que o substrato sem lodo de esgoto proporcionou maior crescimento em altura das plantas. O uso de "mantas" contendo 50 e 100% de fibra de coco proporcionou maior crescimento às mudas de acácia em condições de campo.

Anorexia Nervosa Presented with Fever and Pancytopenia Due to Severe Constipation

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Senay Akbay

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The prevalence of eating disorders is on the increase in adolescence and childhood. The peak age of onset occurs between 14 and 19 years. Anorexia nervosa is diagnosed approximately nine times more often in females than in males. Anorexia nervosa is a eating disorder that occurs mainly in female adolescents and young women. Eating disorders are associated with severe and sometimes life-threatening medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Hematological abnormalities are common in anorexia nervosa. But severe bone marrow supression has rarely been reported. To our knowledge, there is not any publication in the literature about bone marrow supression due to constipation.We reported here a 17 years old girl diagnosed as anorexia nervosa who was not wasted yet, presented with constipation and developed fever and pancytopenia.

[Anorexia nervosa in German medical literature 1900 to 1945. The role of anorexia nervosa in the origin of psychosomatic medicine].

Science.gov (United States)

Habermas, T

1992-01-01

German-language publications on anorexia nervosa and Simmonds' disease from between 1900 and 1945 are reviewed in order to trace factors inherent in medical thinking which have mostly hindered German-language medicine in understanding anorexia nervosa. It is demonstrated that a) the few German-language physicians who did describe central and possible characteristics of a.n. (weight-phobia, overactivity, bulimia, self-induced vomiting) were enabled to do so by valuing detailed clinical description, also of psychic characteristics, and an interest in the neuroses; b) the concept of anorexia nervosa was better known than previously assumed, though largely misunderstood; c) typical diagnostic misinterpretations led to typical biases in the description of the syndrome; d) in Germany more than in other countries a.n. was confounded with Simmonds' disease; and e) in addition to other factors, one reason for this lay in the 'holistic' ideal of psychosomatic medicine in the 1930s.

Neuroendokrine forstyrrelser ved anorexia nervosa - primoere eller sekundoere?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Støving, R K; Hansen-Nord, M; Hangaard, J

1996-01-01

Anorexia nervosa is associated with multiple endocrine abnormalities. Hypothalamic neuropeptides and monoamines are involved in the regulation of human appetite, and they are changed in several ways in anorexia nervosa. But it remains to be clarified whether these alterations are secondary...... or etiologic. Feeding behaviour in anorexia nervosa is characterised by a strong ambivalence and not by loss of appetite. Hypothalamic amenorrhea is a diagnostic criterion, and is not only secondary as it often precedes the weight loss and persists for a long time after weight and motor activity have returned...... to normal. Hypersecretion of corticotropin releasing hormone seems to be secondary to starvation, but at the same time it may keep up and intensify the anorexia, physical hyperactivity and amenorrhea. Low production of insulinlike growth factor-I and high growth hormone secretion reflects the nutritional...

Dyscontrol evoked by erotic and food images in women with bulimia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez, Sonia; Mata, José L; Lameiras, María; Fernández, M Carmen; Vila, Jaime

2007-05-01

The present study examined the emotional reactivity to erotic and food images of women with and without bulimia nervosa using the picture-viewing paradigm. A non-clinical student sample made up of 48 women, 24 diagnosed with bulimia nervosa and 24 healthy controls, aged between 18 and 27 years (M=21.79), participated in the study. Diagnosis was based on questionnaires and a structured interview following DSM-IV criteria. Participants assessed a set of food, erotic, neutral and unpleasant pictures using the Self-Assessment Manikin scales of valence, arousal and control. The women with bulimia nervosa rated as less pleasant the erotic and food pictures, which evoked greater dyscontrol, in comparison with the women without bulimia nervosa. No significant differences were found in the ratings for the remaining pictures. These results suggest that women with bulimia nervosa experience reduced pleasure and control over both food and sexual impulses. 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association

Multimodal Therapy for Anorexia Nervosa: An Holistic Approach to Treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Keefe, Edward J.; Castaldo, Christine

1985-01-01

Anorexia nervosa has received considerable attention lately because of its increased incidence, potential danger, and resistance to treatment. A review of the literature on anorexia nervosa suggests that, although it is characterized by complex interrelated psychological and physiological processes, it is often conceptualized and treated in…

Altered cortical thickness and attentional deficits in adolescent girls and women with bulimia nervosa

Science.gov (United States)

Stefan, Mihaela; Lee, Seonjoo; Wang, Zhishun; Terranova, Kate; Attia, Evelyn; Marsh, Rachel

2018-01-01

Background Frontostriatal and frontoparietal abnormalities likely contribute to deficits in control and attentional processes in individuals with bulimia nervosa and to the persistence of dysregulated eating across development. This study assessed these processes and cortical thickness in a large sample of adolescent girls and women with bulimia nervosa compared with healthy controls. Methods We collected anatomical MRI data from adolescent girls and women (ages 12–38 yr) with full or subthreshold bulimia nervosa and age-matched healthy controls who also completed the Conners Continuous Performance Test-II (CPT-II). Groups were compared on task performance and cortical thickness. Mediation analyses explored associations among cortical thickness, CPT-II variables, bulimia nervosa symptoms and age. Results We included 60 girls and women with bulimia nervosa and 54 controls in the analyses. Compared with healthy participants, those with bulimia nervosa showed increased impulsivity and inattention on the CPT-II, along with reduced thickness of the right pars triangularis, right superior parietal and left dorsal posterior cingulate cortices. In the bulimia nervosa group, exploratory analyses revealed that binge eating frequency correlated inversely with cortical thickness of frontoparietal and insular regions and that reduced frontoparietal thickness mediated the association between age and increased symptom severity and inattention. Binge eating frequency also mediated the association between age and lower prefrontal cortical thickness. Limitations These findings are applicable to only girls and women with bulimia nervosa, and our cross-sectional design precludes understanding of whether cortical thickness alterations precede or result from bulimia nervosa symptoms. Conclusion Structural abnormalities in the frontoparietal and posterior cingulate regions comprising circuits that support control and attentional processes should be investigated as potential

Prevalence and predictive factors for regional osteopenia in women with anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Grinspoon, S; Thomas, E; Pitts, S; Gross, E; Mickley, D; Miller, K; Herzog, D; Klibanski, A

2000-11-21

Anorexia nervosa is highly prevalent among young women. To determine prevalence and predictive factors for regional bone loss. Prospective cohort analysis. University hospital. 130 women with anorexia nervosa. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The prevalence of osteopenia (-1.0 SD >/= T-score > -2.5 SD) and osteoporosis (T-score anorexia nervosa. Weight, but not estrogen use, is a significant predictor of BMD in this population at all skeletal sites.

Dysfunctional metacognition and drive for thinness in typical and atypical anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Davenport, Emily; Rushford, Nola; Soon, Siew; McDermott, Cressida

2015-01-01

Anorexia nervosa is complex and difficult to treat. In cognitive therapies the focus has been on cognitive content rather than process. Process-oriented therapies may modify the higher level cognitive processes of metacognition, reported as dysfunctional in adult anorexia nervosa. Their association with clinical features of anorexia nervosa, however, is unclear. With reclassification of anorexia nervosa by DSM-5 into typical and atypical groups, comparability of metacognition and drive for thinness across groups and relationships within groups is also unclear. Main objectives were to determine whether metacognitive factors differ across typical and atypical anorexia nervosa and a non-clinical community sample, and to explore a process model by determining whether drive for thinness is concurrently predicted by metacognitive factors. Women receiving treatment for anorexia nervosa (n = 119) and non-clinical community participants (n = 100), aged between 18 and 46 years, completed the Eating Disorders Inventory (3(rd) Edition) and Metacognitions Questionnaire (Brief Version). Body Mass Index (BMI) of 18.5 kg/m(2) differentiated between typical (n = 75) and atypical (n = 44) anorexia nervosa. Multivariate analyses of variance and regression analyses were conducted. Metacognitive profiles were similar in both typical and atypical anorexia nervosa and confirmed as more dysfunctional than in the non-clinical group. Drive for thinness was concurrently predicted in the typical patients by the metacognitive factors, positive beliefs about worry, and need to control thoughts; in the atypical patients by negative beliefs about worry and, inversely, by cognitive self-consciousness, and in the non-clinical group by cognitive self-consciousness. Despite having a healthier weight, the atypical group was as severely affected by dysfunctional metacognitions and drive for thinness as the typical group. Because metacognition concurrently predicted drive for thinness

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for subthreshold bulimia nervosa: A case series.

Science.gov (United States)

Peterson, C B; Miller, K B; Willer, M G; Ziesmer, J; Durkin, N; Arikian, A; Crow, S J

2011-09-01

The extent to which cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is helpful in treating individuals with bulimic symptoms who do not meet full criteria for bulimia nervosa is unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the potential efficacy of CBT for eating disorder individuals with bulimic symptoms who do not meet full criteria for bulimia nervosa. Twelve participants with subthreshold bulimia nervosa were treated in a case series with 20 sessions of CBT. Ten of the 12 participants (83.3%) completed treatment. Intent-to-treat abstinent percentages were 75.0% for objectively large episodes of binge eating (OBEs), 33.3% for subjectively large episodes of binge eating (SBEs), and 50% for purging at end of treatment. At one year follow-up, 66.7% were abstinent for OBEs, 41.7% for SBEs, and 50.0% for purging. The majority also reported improvements in associated symptoms. This case series provides support for the use of CBT with individuals with subthreshold bulimia nervosa.

PROPIEDADES TÉCNICO-FUNCIONALES DE LA FIBRA DIETARIA DE CÁSCARAS DE MANGO VARIEDADHILACHA (Mangifera indica L.: EFECTO DEL SECADO POR CONVECCIÓN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

GUSTAVO ADOLFO HINCAPIÉ LL.

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Un subproducto de la obtención del jugo de mango es su cáscara; la cual contiene niveles considerables de fibra dietaria que podrían ser utilizados en la elaboración de productos alimenticios, sin embargo, actualmente no es muy aprovechado. El proceso de secado prolonga la vida útil de la cascara y permite que pueda ser adicionada a otros alimentos. En este estudio, se caracterizó fisicoquímicamente la Cáscara de Mango Hilacha (CMH y se evaluó el efecto de cinco temperaturas de secado sobre las propiedades técnico-funcionales de la fibra dietaria; Capacidad de Hinchamiento (CH, Capacidad de Retención de Agua (CRA y Capacidad de Adsorción de Lípidos (CAL, características que determinan en gran medida la calidad de la fibra dietaria (FD. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la CMH tiene un contenido de fibra dietaria total, proteína, extracto etéreo, carbohidratos y fibra cruda similar al de otras variedades de mango. La cáscara de mango hilacha seca y molida (CSMH obtenida, es una promisoria fuente de FD, ya que su calidad no se vio afectada significativamente por el proceso de secado empleado en este trabajo.

Interleukin-7 Plasma Levels in Human Differentiate Anorexia Nervosa, Constitutional Thinness and Healthy Obesity.

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Germain, Natacha; Viltart, Odile; Loyens, Anne; Bruchet, Céline; Nadin, Katia; Wolowczuk, Isabelle; Estour, Bruno; Galusca, Bogdan

2016-01-01

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a cytokine involved in energy homeostasis as demonstrated in rodents. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by restrained eating behavior despite adaptive orexigenic regulation profile including high ghrelin plasma levels. Constitutional thinness is a physiological condition of resistance to weight gain with physiological anorexigenic profile including high Peptide YY plasma level. Healthy obesity can be considered as a physiological state of resistance to weight loss with opposite appetite regulating profile to constitutional thinness including low Peptide YY plasma level. No studies in IL-7 are yet available in those populations. Therefore we evaluated circadian plasma levels of IL-7 in anorexia nervosa compared to constitutional thinness, healthy obese and control females. 10 restrictive-type anorexia nervosa women, 5 bingeing/purging anorexia nervosa woman, 5 recovered restrictive anorexia nervosa women, 4 bulimic females, 10 constitutional thinness women, 7 healthy obese females, and 10 normal weight women controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, performed in endocrinology unit and academic laboratory. Twelve-point circadian profiles of plasma IL-7 levels were measured in each subject. 24h mean IL-7 plasma levels (pg/ml, mean±SEM) were decreased in restrictive-type anorexia nervosa (123.4±14.4, panorexia nervosa (24.2±5.6, panorexia nervosa (64.2±16.1, p = 0.01) and healthy obese patients (51±3.2, panorexia nervosa, confirming its difference with constitutional thinness. Healthy obesity, with low IL-7, is once again in mirror image of constitutional thinness with normal high IL-7.

Resting-state synchrony between anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus relates to body shape concern in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Seojung; Ran Kim, Kyung; Ku, Jeonghun; Lee, Jung-Hyun; Namkoong, Kee; Jung, Young-Chul

2014-01-30

Cortical areas supporting cognitive control and salience demonstrate different neural responses to visual food cues in patients with eating disorders. This top-down cognitive control, which interacts with bottom-up appetitive responses, is tightly integrated not only in task conditions but also in the resting-state. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is a key node of a large-scale network that is involved in self-referential processing and cognitive control. We investigated resting-state functional connectivity of the dACC and hypothesized that altered connectivity would be demonstrated in cortical midline structures involved in self-referential processing and cognitive control. Seed-based resting-state functional connectivity was analyzed in women with anorexia nervosa (N=18), women with bulimia nervosa (N=20) and age matched healthy controls (N=20). Between group comparisons revealed that the anorexia nervosa group exhibited stronger synchronous activity between the dACC and retrosplenial cortex, whereas the bulimia nervosa group showed stronger synchronous activity between the dACC and medial orbitofrontal cortex. Both groups demonstrated stronger synchronous activity between the dACC and precuneus, which correlated with higher scores of the Body Shape Questionnaire. The dACC-precuneus resting-state synchrony might be associated with the disorder-specific rumination on eating, weight and body shape in patients with eating disorders. © 2013 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Patterns of medical utilization before the first hospitalization for women with anorexia nervosa in Taiwan.

Science.gov (United States)

Hung, Yen-Ni; Kuo, Chian-Jue; Yang, Shu-Yu; Huang, Ming-Chyi; Chen, Ying-Yeh; Lin, Shih-Ku; Chen, Kuan-Yu

2017-11-01

The aim of this paper was to analyze medical utilization patterns of female patients with anorexia nervosa before their first inpatient care visit for anorexia nervosa using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. We selected female anorexia nervosa patients (n=239) and control participants hospitalized for peptic ulcers (n=478) or appendectomy (n=478) who were matched by age and incident year from two subsets of the NHIRD. The number of visits, specialists, diagnosis distribution, and selected procedures used in ambulatory services during the 2-year period before the index admission were identified and compared. Healthcare service expenditures were also analyzed. Compared to the control groups, the female anorexia nervosa patients used more outpatient services (anorexia nervosa, 58.6±45.0 visits; peptic ulcers, 45.3±37.3 visits; appendectomy, 32.5±26.0 visits), mainly due to psychiatric visits. Anorexia nervosa patients were more likely to have received a diagnosis of digestive, endocrine/metabolic, and mental disorders than patients in the control groups. Although nearly equal percentages of patients in the three groups had obtained a diagnosis of a digestive disease, anorexia nervosa patients received digestive disease diagnoses with greater frequency. We posit that the various physical symptoms of anorexia nervosa patients and physicians' low level of suspicion of anorexia nervosa led to delayed diagnoses and greater medical utilization than that of the controls groups. Education to raise awareness of anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders among physicians is warranted. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Theory of the Sagnac's interferometer of low birefringence and twist fiber; Teoria del interferometro de Sagnac de fibra de baja birrefrigencia y torcida

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Estudillo-Ayala, J. M.; Kuzin, E. A.; Ibarra-Escamilla, B. [Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica, Puebla (Mexico); Rojas-Laguna, R. [Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato (Mexico)

2001-06-01

The fibre Sagnac interferometer of low birefringence and twist in the lineal region is examined numerically, a method is shown to measure the birefringence in the fibers and rotation of the axes inside of the interferometer fibre loop. [Spanish] El interferometro de Sagnac de fibra de baja birrefrigencia y torcida en la region lineal es numericamente examinado, se muestra un metodo para medir la birrefrigencia en las fibras y rotacion de los ejes dentro de la fibra del lazo del interferometro.

Case 39: Anorexia nervosa

Science.gov (United States)

Anorexia nervosa is a disease affecting primarily young women who have distorted body images. Although their weight is less than 30 percent under ideal body weight, they see themselves as overweight. Anorectics often use diuretic and laxative agents to accomplish their weight loss. Patients with bul...

Young peoples' stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs about anorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia.

Science.gov (United States)

Griffiths, Scott; Mond, Jonathan M; Murray, Stuart B; Touyz, Stephen

2014-03-01

The nature and extent of stigma toward individuals with anorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia remains underexplored. This study investigated attitudes and beliefs likely to be conducive to stigmatization of individuals with these conditions. Male and female undergraduate students (n = 361) read one of four vignettes describing a fictional male or female character with anorexia nervosa or muscle dysmorphia, after which they responded to a series of questions addressing potentially stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs toward each character. Characters with anorexia nervosa were more stigmatized than characters with muscle dysmorphia, female characters were more stigmatized than male characters, and male participants were more stigmatizing than female participants. A large effect of character diagnosis on masculinity was observed, such that characters with anorexia nervosa were perceived as less masculine than characters with muscle dysmorphia, and this effect was more pronounced among male participants. However, no significant corresponding effects were observed for femininity. Females with anorexia nervosa may be particularly susceptible to stigmatization, especially by males. Anorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia are perceived as "female" and "male" disorders respectively, in line with societal gender role expectations, and this stigmatization is tied more strongly to perceptions of sufferers' masculinity than femininity. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Clinical and genetic correlates of decision making in anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Tenconi, Elena; Degortes, Daniela; Clementi, Maurizio; Collantoni, Enrico; Pinato, Claudia; Forzan, Monica; Cassina, Matteo; Santonastaso, Paolo; Favaro, Angela

2016-01-01

Decision-making (DM) abilities have been found to be impaired in anorexia nervosa (AN), but few data are available about the characteristics and correlates of this cognitive function. The aim of the present study was to provide data on DM functioning in AN using both veridical and adaptive paradigms. While in veridical DM tasks, the individual's ability to predict a true/false response is measured, adaptive DM is the ability to consider both internal and external demands in order to make a good choice, in the absence of a single true "correct" answer. The participants were 189 women, of whom 91 were eating-disordered patients with a lifetime diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, and 98 were healthy women. All the participants underwent clinical, neuropsychological, and genetic assessment. The cognitive evaluation included a set of neuropsychological tasks and two decision-making tests: The Iowa Gambling Task and the Cognitive Bias Task. Anorexia nervosa patients showed significantly poorer performances on both decision-making tasks than healthy women. The Cognitive Bias Task revealed that anorexia nervosa patients employed significantly more context-independent decision-making strategies, which were independent from diagnostic subtype, handedness, education, and psychopathology. In the whole sample (patients and controls), Cognitive Bias Task performance was independently predicted by lifetime anorexia nervosa diagnosis, body mass index at assessment, and 5-HTTLPR genotype. Patients displayed poor decision-making functioning in both veridical and adaptive situations. The difficulties detected in anorexia nervosa individuals may affect not only the ability to consider the future outcomes of their actions (leading to "myopia for the future"), but also the capacity to update and review one's own mindset according to new environmental stimuli.

The occupational roles of women with anorexia nervosa Los papeles ocupacionales de mujeres con anorexia nervosa Os papéis ocupacionais de mulheres com anorexia nervosa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leila Maria Quiles-Cestari

2012-04-01

Full Text Available This study’s objective was to understand how occupational roles of individuals with anorexia nervosa are configured. The sample was composed of a control group and 11 adult women with anorexia nervosa being cared for by the Eating Disorders Care Group in a hospital in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Socio-demographic and anthropometric data were collected and the Role Checklist was applied. The results revealed a significant loss of roles for women with anorexia nervosa in relation to the performance of the roles worker, friend, and amateur/hobbyist, supporting the idea that psychosocial harm may arise from this eating disorder. The evaluation of occupational roles in the treatment of eating disorders is an important strategy for planning Occupational Therapy activities and supporting the creation of healthier spaces to enable individuals to resume occupational roles, and acquire independence and autonomy.El objetivo es entender como figuran los papeles ocupacionales de las personas con anorexia nervosa. La casuística fue compuesta por 11 personas diagnosticadas en tratamiento en el Grupo de Asistencia en Trastornos Alimentares de un Hospital de Ribeirão Preto-Brasil y un grupo control. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas y por la “Lista de Identificación de Papeles Ocupacionales”. Los resultados muestran hubo cambio, con pérdida de papeles debido a la anorexia nerviosa, con pérdida de los papeles de trabajador, voluntario, amigo y pasatiempo amador, corroborando los perjuicios psicosociales derivados de este trastorno. La evaluación de los papeles ocupacionales en el tratamiento de los trastornos alimentares es una estrategia importante para la planificación de la terapia ocupacional por la concesión de subvenciones para crear ambientes más saludables, donde las posibilidades de crear el rescate de los papeles ocupacionales, la independencia y autonomía.O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender como se

Increased P-wave dispersion a risk for atrial fibrillation in adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Ertuğrul, İlker; Akgül, Sinem; Derman, Orhan; Karagöz, Tevfik; Kanbur, Nuray

2016-01-01

Studies have shown that a prolonged P-wave dispersion is a risk factor for the development of atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study was to evaluate P-wave dispersion in adolescents with anorexia nervosa at diagnosis. We evaluated electrocardiographic findings, particularly the P-wave dispersion, at initial assessment in 47 adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Comparison of P-wave dispersion between adolescents with anorexia nervosa and controls showed a statistically significant higher P-wave dispersion in patients with anorexia nervosa (72 ± 16.3 msec) when compared to the control group (43.8 ± 9.5 msec). Percent of body weight lost, lower body mass index, and higher weight loss rate in the patients with anorexia nervosa had no effect on P-wave dispersion. Due to the fact that anorexia nervosa has a high mortality rate we believe that cardiac pathologies such as atrial fibrillation must also be considered in the medical evaluation.

Lowered serum dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

van West, D; Monteleone, P; Di Lieto, A; De Meester, I; Durinx, C; Scharpe, S; Lin, A; Maj, M; Maes, M

2000-01-01

The aim of this study was to examine whether anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are accompanied by lower serum activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5), a membrane-bound serine protease that catalyses the cleavage of dipeptides from the amino-terminus of oligo- and polypeptides. Substrates of DPP IV are, amongst others, neuroactive eptides, such as substance P, growth hormone releasing hormone, neuropeptide Y, and peptide YY. DPP IV activity was measured in the serum of 21 women with anorexia nervosa, 21 women with bulimia nervosa and 18 normal women. Serum DPP IV activity was significantly lower in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa than in the normal controls. In the total study group, there were significant and inverse relationships between serum DPP IV activity and the total scores on the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh, the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. In the total study group no significant correlations between DPP IV and age, body weight or body mass index could be found. It is concluded that lowered serum DPP IV activity takes part in the pathophysiology of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. It is hypothesised that a combined dysregulation of DPP IV and neuroactive peptides, which are substrates of DPP IV, e.g. neuropeptide Y and peptide YY, could be an integral component of eating disorders.

A qualitative study of young women's experiences of recovery from bulimia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Lindgren, Britt-Marie; Enmark, Annika; Bohman, Anna; Lundström, Mats

2015-04-01

To describe experiences of recovery from bulimia nervosa among young adult women. Most studies into recovery from eating disorders focus on anorexia nervosa, although some include both anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Recovery has been described as beginning with renewed self-esteem. Qualitative interview study. Fourteen women were invited to participate; five women, between 23-26 years of age, who assessed themselves as healthy for at least 2 years agreed to take part in narrative interviews. Tape-recorded interviews lasting 45-60 minutes (median 49 minutes) were conducted from February-April 2010 and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The interviews revealed four themes in recovery from bulimia nervosa: feeling stuck in bulimia nervosa, getting ready to change, breaking free of bulimia nervosa and grasping a new reality, each comprising two or more subthemes. The process of recovery was not linear, but rather went back and forth between progress and relapse. The women expressed strong ambivalence about leaving the illness behind. An important part of their recovery was their ability to accept themselves. It was essential for their recovery to be supported in developing a unique explanation of the cause of their illness. Women's ability to recover from bulimia nervosa and take control over their lives is based on their self-efficacy. Effective care should therefore strive to strengthen women's beliefs in their own abilities, to instil hope for recovery and thus to bolster their self-efficacy. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

[A case of ammonium urate urinary stones with anorexia nervosa].

Science.gov (United States)

Komori, K; Arai, H; Gotoh, T; Imazu, T; Honda, M; Fujioka, H

2000-09-01

A 27-year-old woman had been suffering from bulimia and habitual vomiting for about 7 years and was incidentally found to have right renal stones by computed tomography. She was referred to our hospital for the treatment of these caluculi. On admission, she presented with hypokalemia, hypochloremia and metabolic alkalosis and was diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Following successful removal by percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy the stones were found to consist of pure ammonium urate. Since the urine of an anorexia nervosa patient tends to be rich in uric acid and ammonium, anorexia nervosa seems to be associated with ammonium urate urinary stones.

Eating disorders focused on anorexia and bulimia nervosa.

OpenAIRE

Zinková, Alžběta

2011-01-01

The study deals with eating disorders. It tries to bring the most comprehensive overview of the two majority eating disorders, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, respectively. Both diseases have a lot in common, but also some of its specifics which are pointed out in the study. The study is conceived to make the reader in the early chapters acquainted with the various eating disorders according to international diagnostic criteria. Then there is a brief history, epidemiology and etiology a...

Tuberculosis and anorexia nervosa

African Journals Online (AJOL)

recently our experience in the Eating Disorders Unit at Tara, where three patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were only diagnosed after admission for treatment of anorexia nervosa.· It appears that despite the presence of a persistent dry cough in each case, no investigation was undertaken. Did demographic stereotyping ...

Anorexia nervosa en adolescenten

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Elburg, A A; Danner, U N

2015-01-01

BACKGROUND: Anorexia nervosa (AN), which is the most serious of the eating disorders, starts earlier in life and often continues into adulthood. AIM: To discuss the typical features of AN in adolescents. METHOD: We present an overview based on the literature about AN in adolescents and on analysis

Biomarkers for anorexia nervosa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sjøgren, Jan Magnus

2017-01-01

Biomarkers for anorexia nervosa (AN) which reflect the pathophysiology and relate to the aetiology of the disease, are warranted and could bring us one step closer to targeted treatment of AN. Some leads may be found in the biochemistry which often is found disturbed in AN, although normalization...

Medical complications of anorexia nervosa and their treatments: an update on some critical aspects.

Science.gov (United States)

Brown, Carrie; Mehler, Philip S

2015-12-01

Anorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder. Many of the deaths are attributable to medical complications which arise as the malnutrition and weight loss worsens. Every body system may be adversely affected by anorexia nervosa. Yet, remarkably, most of the medical complications of anorexia nervosa are treatable and reversible with optimal medical care, as part of a multidisciplinary team who are often involved in the care of these patients. Herein, we will describe the medical complications of anorexia nervosa and their treatments.

Fertilidade de substratos para mudas de mangabeira, contendo fibra de coco e adubados com fósforo

OpenAIRE

Dias,Thiago Jardelino; Pereira,Walter Esfrain; Sousa,Geocleber Gomes de

2007-01-01

Este experimento foi executado no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da UFPB, Areia, Estado da Paraíba, com objetivo de avaliar a fertilidade de substratos compostos por diferentes concentrações de fibra de coco (0 a 40%), esterco bovino (0 a 25%), terra vegetal (25 a 70%), 15% de areia e adubados com superfosfato triplo (0; 5,5 e 11 g L-1). Houve aumento das características químicas desejáveis do substrato com aumento da concentração de terra vegetal, fibra de coco e dose máxima do superfosfato tri...

Utilização de pós residuais e fibra de sisal em blocos de concreto

OpenAIRE

Indara Soto Izquierdo

2015-01-01

A pesquisa tem como enfoque fundamental a aplicação de novos materiais alternativos para uma construção sustentável. Pós residuais, provenientes do resíduo orgânico e do setor mineral, e fibras de sisal constituem bons exemplos de materiais não convencionais. Dessa forma, o objetivo principal foi avaliar a incorporação dos pós residuais e da fibra de sisal no concreto para a fabricação de blocos de concreto e elementos de alvenaria. Foram estudados três relações cimento: agregado, de 1:15, 1:...

Resistência à compressão de argamassas em função da adição de fibra de coco

OpenAIRE

Silva,Everton J. da; Silva,Paola D. da; Marques,Maria L.; Fornari Junior,Celso C. M.; Garcia,Fermin C.; Luzardo,Francisco H. M.

2014-01-01

Neste trabalho se propôs analisar a influência que a variação do comprimento da fibra de coco exerce na resistência à compressão da argamassa, em busca de se determinar, experimentalmente, o comprimento mais próximo ao tamanho crítico. Foram confeccionadas argamassas com adição (0,3% em relação ao volume total da mistura) de 6 comprimentos diferentes de fibras de coco: 12,5; 25,0; 37,5; 50,0; 62,5 e 75,0 mm, além de uma argamassa de referência sem adição de fibra de coco. Para a avaliação do ...

[Adipocytokines: potential biomarkers for childhood obesity and anorexia nervosa].

Science.gov (United States)

Leoni, M C; Pizzo, D; Marchi, A

2010-04-01

Adipose tissue is now considered an important endocrine organ that secretes a large number of physiologically active peptides affecting metabolic homeostasis of human body: they are collectively referred to as adipocytokines. Leptin is a key hormone in the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, neuroendocrine and immune function. Leptin is related with obesity and its metabolic disorders; starvation-induced depletion of fat stores is accompanied by alterations of circulating adipocytokines that may have potential repercussions in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa. Adiponectin enhances insulin sensitivity, controls body weight, prevents atherosclerosis and negatively regulates immune functions. Plasma adiponectin relates inversely to adiposity and reflects the sequelae of accumulation of excess adiposity. Resistin is a protein hormone produced both by adipocytes and immunocompetent cells that affect fuel homeostasis and insulin action. Plasma resistin levels are decreased in anorectic patients, while plasma adiponectin levels are increased. Plasma ghrelin levels present opposite changes in obesity and anorexia nervosa, suggesting that ghrelin is a good marker of nutritional status. Visfatin shows to correlate with visceral fat mass in patients with obesity. Its possible role in patients with anorexia nervosa is unknown. In conclusion, obesity is defined as a state of low-grade inflammation, which is associated with increased leptin, resistin and ghrelin levels and decreased adiponectin levels; anorexia nervosa is characterized by opposite changes. Finally, plasma adipocytokines levels can represent a sensitive parameter of nutritional status that reflects changes in the level of body fat in children and adolescents with obesity and anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia Nervosa in Chinese Adolescents: Does Culture Make a Difference?

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Lai, Kelly Y. C.

2000-01-01

Reports on clinical and psychosocial characteristics of 16 Chinese adolescents from Hong Kong with anorexia nervosa. Over 80% of these patients expressed a fear of fatness. Against the background of increasing Westernization of Hong Kong society, anorexia is taking on a Western pattern, in congruence with the notion that anorexia nervosa is a…

Anorexia Nervosa/Bulimia. LC Science Tracer Bullet, TB 85-8.

Science.gov (United States)

Halasz, Hisako, Comp.

This bibliography is intended to help readers locate material on anorexia nervosa and bulimia in the collections of the Library of Congress. A scope note briefly defines the terms "anorexia nervosa" and "bulimia" and discusses similarities and differences between the two eating disorders. Four references are included as introductions to the topic…

Technological functional properties of soy, oat and wheat fibers and soy products with added fibers and fermented with kefir culturePropriedades funcionais tecnológicas das fibras de soja, aveia e trigo e produtos de soja com adição de fibras e fermentados com cultura de kefir

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Elza Iouko Ida

2012-02-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to characterize the technological functional properties of soy, oats and wheat fibers and evaluate soy products with added fiber and fermented with kefir. The fibers were characterized with regard to pH, water adsorption capacity, water and oil absorption capacity and swelling volume. Soy products were developed with the addition of 3% soy fiber, oat and wheat and fermented with kefir. The fermented products were characterized for pH, acidity, syneresis, viscosity and firmness, Lactococcus lactis counts and analysis of sanitary conditions. The soy fiber showed a higher content of protein and lipids, pH, water adsorption and adsorption capacity. The wheat fiber showed a higher oil absorption capacity. The addition of soy, oat and wheat fibers influence pH, acidity, syneresis, viscosity and firmness of fermented soy products with kefir. The lowest syneresis and highest viscosity and firmness were obtained with the soy fermented products with soy fiber. The addition of soy fiber stimulated Lactococcus lactis growth. The fermented soy products had enough Lactococcus lactis counts to be considered probiotics. The products presented satisfactory hygienic sanitary conditions.O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as propriedades funcionais tecnológicas das fibras de soja, aveia e trigo e avaliar os produtos de soja com adição de fibras e fermentados com cultura de kefir. As fibras foram caracterizadas quanto a composição química, pH, capacidade de adsorção e absorção de água, capacidade de absorção de óleo e volume de intumescimento. Foram desenvolvidos produtos de soja com adição de 3% de fibra de soja, aveia e trigo e fermentados com cultura de kefir. Os produtos fermentados foram caracterizados quanto o pH, acidez, sinerese, viscosidade e firmeza, contagem de Lactococcus lactis e análise das condições higiênico-sanitárias. A fibra de soja apresentou maior teor de proteínas e lipídios, p

Oral mucosal lesions in Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and EDNOS.

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Panico, Rene; Piemonte, Eduardo; Lazos, Jerónimo; Gilligan, Gerardo; Zampini, Anibal; Lanfranchi, Héctor

2018-01-01

The aim of this study is to describe oral lesions in patients with eating disorders (ED), including Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). A prospective case-control study was carried out from April 2003 to May 2004. Inclusion criteria for the study group were individuals with a diagnosis of ED; age and sex-matched individuals without ED were included as controls. Clinical data regarding ED, medical complications and oral examination were performed by previously calibrated professionals. Study group (n = 65) presented 46 cases of BN (71%), 13 of EDNOS (20%) and 6 of AN (9%); also, 94% (n = 61) showed oral lesions. The most common were: labial erythema, exfoliative cheilitis, orange-yellow palate, hemorrhagic lesions, lip-cheek biting and non-specific oral atrophies. Only two patients of the study group had dental erosions, and no case of major salivary gland swelling was found. ED display a wide array of oral mucosal lesions that can be regarded as their early manifestations. The dentist could be the first professional to detect symptoms of eating disorders, potentially improving early detection and treatment of ED. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Endocrine Dysregulation in Anorexia Nervosa Update

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2011-01-01

Context: Anorexia nervosa is a primary psychiatric disorder with serious endocrine consequences, including dysregulation of the gonadal, adrenal, and GH axes, and severe bone loss. This Update reviews recent advances in the understanding of the endocrine dysregulation observed in this state of chronic starvation, as well as the mechanisms underlying the disease itself. Evidence Acquisition: Findings of this update are based on a PubMed search and the author's knowledge of this field. Evidence Synthesis: Recent studies have provided insights into the mechanisms underlying endocrine dysregulation in states of chronic starvation as well as the etiology of anorexia nervosa itself. This includes a more complex understanding of the pathophysiologic bases of hypogonadism, hypercortisolemia, GH resistance, appetite regulation, and bone loss. Nevertheless, the etiology of the disease remains largely unknown, and effective therapies for the endocrine complications and for the disease itself are lacking. Conclusions: Despite significant progress in the field, further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of anorexia nervosa and its endocrine complications. Such investigations promise to yield important advances in the therapeutic approach to this disease as well as to the understanding of the regulation of endocrine function, skeletal biology, and appetite regulation. PMID:21976742

Locus of Control, Psychopathology, and Weight Gain in Juvenile Anorexia Nervosa.

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Strober, Michael

1982-01-01

Based on a hypothesized disturbance in personal control and efficacy in anorexia nervosa, locus of control score in female adolescents with anorexia nervosa was compared to scores obtained from depressed and conduct-disordered controls and to adolescent female standardization norms. (Author/CL)

Mental capacity to consent to treatment in anorexia nervosa : explorative study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Elzakkers, Isis F F M; Danner, Unna N; Hoek, Hans W; van Elburg, Annemarie A

2016-01-01

BACKGROUND: Mental capacity to consent to treatment in anorexia nervosa is a neglected area in clinical decision-making. AIMS: To examine clinical and neuropsychological parameters associated with diminished mental capacity in anorexia nervosa. METHOD: An explorative study was conducted in 70 adult

Fibras poliméricas como aditivos de secagem em diferentes classes de concretos refratários Polymeric fibers as drying additives for different classes of refractory castables

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R. Salomão

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Concretos refratários apresentam grande variedade de métodos de instalação, definidos principalmente pelas características da aplicação e do projeto de engenharia da microestrutura do material. Entre as classes mais importantes, destacam-se os autoescoantes, aplicados sem cisalhamento externo; os bombeáveis, transportados por tubulações, e os vibráveis. Diferenciando-se principalmente pelas mudanças de distribuição de tamanho de partículas, essas classes apresentam grande variedade de propriedades como permeabilidade, módulo de ruptura a quente e resistência à fluência, descrita na literatura. Por também apresentarem diferentes comportamentos de secagem, é razoável supor que tenham necessidades de aditivos de secagem distintas. Para verificar essa hipótese, foram estudadas três composições de concretos refratários formulados a partir do modelo de empacotamento de partículas de Andreasen: bombeável (q=0,21, autoescoante (q=0,26 e vibrável (q=0,31. Fibras poliméricas de diferentes geometrias foram adicionadas a essas composições e seu efeito como aditivo de secagem foi avaliado. Verificou-se que as fibras atuaram favoravelmente em todas as formulações, aumentando significativamente sua velocidade de secagem, com efeitos mais marcantes quanto maior o teor de finos no concreto.Refractory castables present a broad variety of placing methods, defined mainly by the desired application and by the material microstructural characteristics. Among the most important, it can be mentioned the self-flowing, which are cast without external shearing; the pumpable, conveyed through metallic pipes, and the vibrated. These classes of castables present a great range of properties as permeability, hot modulus of rupture and creep resistance. As they also present particularities in their drying behavior, it is reasonable to consider that they would also have different needs of drying additives. In order to verify this hypothesis

Identifying Persuasive Public Health Messages to Change Community Knowledge and Attitudes About Bulimia Nervosa.

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McLean, Siân A; Paxton, Susan J; Massey, Robin; Hay, Phillipa J; Mond, Jonathan M; Rodgers, Bryan

2016-01-01

Addressing stigma through social marketing campaigns has the potential to enhance currently low rates of treatment seeking and improve the well-being of individuals with the eating disorder bulimia nervosa. This study aimed to evaluate the persuasiveness of health messages designed to reduce stigma and improve mental health literacy about this disorder. A community sample of 1,936 adults (48.2% male, 51.8% female) from Victoria, Australia, provided (a) self-report information on knowledge and stigma about bulimia nervosa and (b) ratings of the persuasiveness of 9 brief health messages on dimensions of convincingness and likelihood of changing attitudes. Messages were rated moderately to very convincing and a little to moderately likely to change attitudes toward bulimia nervosa. The most persuasive messages were those that emphasized that bulimia nervosa is a serious mental illness and is not attributable to personal failings. Higher ratings of convincingness were associated with being female, with having more knowledge about bulimia nervosa, and with lower levels of stigma about bulimia nervosa. Higher ratings for likelihood of changing attitudes were associated with being female and with ratings of the convincingness of the corresponding message. This study provides direction for persuasive content to be included in social marketing campaigns to reduce stigma toward bulimia nervosa.

Sensory modulation disorder symptoms in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A pilot study.

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Brand-Gothelf, Ayelet; Parush, Shula; Eitan, Yehudith; Admoni, Shai; Gur, Eitan; Stein, Daniel

2016-01-01

Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) may exhibit reduced ability to modulate sensory, physiological, and affective responses. The aim of the present study is to assess sensory modulation disorder (SMD) symptoms in patients with AN and BN. We assessed female adolescent and young adult inpatients with restrictive type anorexia nervosa (AN-R; n = 20) and BN (n = 20) evaluated in the acute stage of their illness, and 27 female controls. Another group of 20 inpatients with AN-R was assessed on admission and discharge, upon achieving their required weight. Participants completed standardized questionnaires assessing the severity of their eating disorder (ED) and the sensory responsiveness questionnaire (SRQ). Inpatients with AN-R demonstrated elevated overall sensory over-responsiveness as well as elevated scores on the taste/gustatory, vestibular/kinesthetic and somatosensory/tactile SRQ modalities compared with patients with BN and controls. Significant correlations between the severity of sensory over-responsiveness and ED-related symptomatology were found in acutely-ill patients with AN-R and to a lesser extent, following weight restoration. Elevated sensory over-responsiveness was retained in weight-restored inpatients with AN-R. Inpatients with BN demonstrated greater sensory under-responsiveness in the intensity subscale of the SRQ, but not in the frequency and combined SRQ dimensions. Female inpatients with AN-R exhibited sensory over-responsiveness both in the acute stage of their illness and following weight restoration, suggesting that sensory over-responsiveness may represent a trait related to the illness itself above and beyond the influence of malnutrition. The finding for sensory under-responsiveness in BN is less consistent. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Anorexia nervosa ses ofte sammen medandre psykiatriske lidelser

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Panchenko, Anna; Arnfred, Sidse Marie Hemmingsen

2015-01-01

Recent literature is explored focusing on the relationship between symptoms of anorexia nervosa (AN) and other psychiatric disorders and lines of treatment. In AN, restrictive subtype, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders are the most frequent co-morbidities. In AN, bulimic subtype, depress......Recent literature is explored focusing on the relationship between symptoms of anorexia nervosa (AN) and other psychiatric disorders and lines of treatment. In AN, restrictive subtype, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders are the most frequent co-morbidities. In AN, bulimic subtype...

Development of an instrument to assess readiness to recover in anorexia nervosa.

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Rieger, E; Touyz, S; Schotte, D; Beumont, P; Russell, J; Clarke, S; Kohn, M; Griffiths, R

2000-12-01

The degree to which patients with anorexia nervosa demonstrate readiness to recover from their illness has received scant theoretical or empirical attention. Investigating the prevalence and degree of amotivation for recovery in anorexia nervosa, its role in outcome, and the effectiveness of interventions designed to enhance readiness to recover necessitates the existence of a reliable and valid measure of motivational issues relevant to the disorder. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate an instrument for assessing readiness to recover in anorexia nervosa, namely, the Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire (ANSOCQ), a 23-item self-report questionnaire based on Prochaska and DiClemente's stages of change model. Seventy-one inpatients with anorexia nervosa participated in the study. On several occasions during their admission, participants completed the ANSOCQ as well as questionnaires assessing readiness to recover, anorexic symptomatology, general distress, and social desirability. The ANSOCQ demonstrated good internal consistency (.90) and 1-week test-retest reliability (.89). Various aspects of validity were also supported, such as significant relationships with other instruments assessing readiness to recover and the prediction of weight gain during different periods of treatment. The results suggest that the ANSOCQ is a psychometrically sound instrument that may prove useful in investigating the role of readiness to recover in anorexia nervosa. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dysregulation of Brain Reward Systems in Eating Disorders: Neurochemical Information from Animal Models of Binge Eating, Bulimia Nervosa, and Anorexia Nervosa

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Avena, Nicole M.; Bocarsly, Miriam E.

2012-01-01

Food intake is mediated, in part, through brain pathways for motivation and reinforcement. Dysregulation of these pathways may underlay some of the behaviors exhibited by patients with eating disorders. Research using animal models of eating disorders has greatly contributed to the detailed study of potential brain mechanisms that many underlie the causes or consequences of aberrant eating behaviors. This review focuses on neurochemical evidence of reward-related brain dysfunctions obtained through animal models of binge eating, bulimia nervosa, or anorexia nervosa. The findings suggest that alterations in dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh) and opioid systems in reward-related brain areas occur in response to binge eating of palatable foods. Moreover, animal models of bulimia nervosa suggest that while bingeing on palatable food releases DA, purging attenuates the release of ACh that might otherwise signal satiety. Animal models of anorexia nervosa suggest that restricted access to food enhances the reinforcing effects of DA when the animal does eat. The activity-based anorexia model suggests alterations in mesolimbic DA and serotonin occur as a result of starvation coupled with excessive wheel running. These findings with animal models complement data obtained through neuroimaging and pharmacotherapy studies of clinical populations. Finally, information on the neurochemical consequences of the behaviors associated with these eating disorders will be useful in understanding these complex disorders and may inform future therapeutic approaches, as discussed here. PMID:22138162

Position of the American Dietetic Association: Nutrition intervention in the treatment of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

2006-12-01

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that nutrition intervention, including nutritional counseling, by a registered dietitian (RD) is an essential component of the team treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders during assessment and treatment across the continuum of care. Diagnostic criteria for eating disorders provide important guidelines for identification and treatment. However, it is thought that a continuum of disordered eating may exist that ranges from persistent dieting to subthreshold conditions and then to defined eating disorders, which include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Understanding the complexities of eating disorders, such as influencing factors, comorbid illness, medical and psychological complications, and boundary issues, is critical in the effective treatment of eating disorders. The nature of eating disorders requires a collaborative approach by an interdisciplinary team of psychological, nutritional, and medical specialists. The RD is an integral member of the treatment team and is uniquely qualified to provide medical nutrition therapy for the normalization of eating patterns and nutritional status. RDs provide nutritional counseling, recognize clinical signs related to eating disorders, and assist with medical monitoring while cognizant of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy that are cornerstones of eating disorder treatment. Specialized resources are available for RDs to advance their level of expertise in the field of eating disorders. Further efforts with evidenced-based research must continue for improved treatment outcomes related to eating disorders along with identification of effective primary and secondary interventions.

Anorexia nervosa, depression and suicidal thoughts among Chinese adolescents: a national school-based cross-sectional study.

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Lian, Qiguo; Zuo, Xiayun; Mao, Yanyan; Luo, Shan; Zhang, Shucheng; Tu, Xiaowen; Lou, Chaohua; Zhou, Weijin

2017-04-04

Although there is much literature on adolescent suicide, combined effects of depression and anorexia nervosa on suicide were rarely investigated. The aims of this study are to examine the association between anorexia nervosa and suicidal thoughts and explore the interaction between anorexia nervosa and depression. This is a cross-sectional study, in the study, a sample of 8,746 Chinese adolescents was selected by multistage stratified method in 2012/2013 from 20 middle schools in 7 provinces across China Mainland. Multilevel logistic model was introduced to explore association between anorexia nervosa and suicidal thoughts. And subgroup analyses were conducted on participants with or without depression. Multilevel logistic model revealed that demographic variables, including academic achievement, were not the predictive risk factors of suicidal thoughts. Those who suffered from worse severity of perceived anorexia nervosa were at increased risk of thinking about suicide. The interaction between depression and anorexia nervosa was significant, however, subgroup analyses showed that the associations were significant only among the adolescents without depression. Our results indicate that all levels of anorexia nervosa serve as predictable indicators of suicidal thoughts in Chinese adolescents, and the effects of anorexia nervosa are modified by depression status.

Osteopenia and bone fractures in a man with anorexia nervosa and hypogonadism

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Rigotti, N.A.; Neer, R.M.; Jameson, L.

1986-07-18

Women with anorexia nervosa have reduced skeletal mass. Both anorexia and osteopenia are less common in men. We describe a 22-year-old man with anorexia nervosa and severe osteopenia involving both cortical and trabecular bone who developed a pelvic fracture and multiple vertebral compression fractures. He was found to have secondary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism that was reversible with weight gain. This case illustrates the need to consider osteopenia as a potential complication of anorexia nervosa in males as well as females.

Osteopenia and bone fractures in a man with anorexia nervosa and hypogonadism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rigotti, N.A.; Neer, R.M.; Jameson, L.

1986-01-01

Women with anorexia nervosa have reduced skeletal mass. Both anorexia and osteopenia are less common in men. We describe a 22-year-old man with anorexia nervosa and severe osteopenia involving both cortical and trabecular bone who developed a pelvic fracture and multiple vertebral compression fractures. He was found to have secondary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism that was reversible with weight gain. This case illustrates the need to consider osteopenia as a potential complication of anorexia nervosa in males as well as females

Reduced salience and default mode network activity in women with anorexia nervosa

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McFadden, Kristina L.; Tregellas, Jason R.; Shott, Megan E.; Frank, Guido K.W.

2014-01-01

Background The neurobiology of anorexia nervosa is poorly understood. Neuronal networks contributing to action selection, self-regulation and interoception could contribute to pathologic eating and body perception in people with anorexia nervosa. We tested the hypothesis that the salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN) would show decreased intrinsic activity in women with anorexia nervosa and those who had recovered from the disease compared to controls. The basal ganglia (BGN) and sensorimotor networks (SMN) were also investigated. Methods Between January 2008 and January 2012, women with restricting-type anorexia nervosa, women who recovered from the disease and healthy control women completed functional magnetic resonance imaging during a conditioned stimulus task. Network activity was studied using independent component analysis. Results We studied 20 women with anorexia nervosa, 24 recovered women and 24 controls. Salience network activity in the anterior cingulate cortex was reduced in women with anorexia nervosa (p = 0.030; all results false-discovery rate–corrected) and recovered women (p = 0.039) compared to controls. Default mode network activity in the precuneus was reduced in women with anorexia compared to controls (p = 0.023). Sensorimotor network activity in the supplementary motor area (SMA; p = 0.008), and the left (p = 0.028) and right (p = 0.002) postcentral gyrus was reduced in women with anorexia compared to controls; SMN activity in the SMA (p = 0.019) and the right postcentral gyrus (p = 0.008) was reduced in women with anorexia compared to recovered women. There were no group differences in the BGN. Limitations Differences between patient and control populations (e.g., depression, anxiety, medication) are potential confounds, but were included as covariates. Conclusion Reduced SN activity in women with anorexia nervosa and recovered women could be a trait-related biomarker or illness remnant, altering the drive to approach

A study of temperament and personality in anorexia and bulimia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Díaz-Marsá, M; Carrasco, J L; Sáiz, J

2000-01-01

Although temperament and personality traits could influence the development and course of eating disorders, only a few studies examined the similarities and differences in personality between anorexia and bulimia nervosa. We compared 72 patients with DSM-IV eating disorders and 30 healthy controls. Dimensions of personality and personality disorders were evaluated with the Eysenck's EPQ, Cloninger's TCI, and the SCID-II questionnaires. The rates of impulsivity and clinical features were evaluated using specific rating scales. A comorbid personality disorder was found in 61.8% of patients with eating disorder. Avoidant personality disorder appeared was relatively common in anorexia nervosa restricting type; borderline personality disorder was most frequent in bulimia nervosa and the binge eating-purging type of anorexia nervosa. From a dimensional perspective, anorexic patients presented high scores in the dimension of persistence. Higher harm avoidance and impulsivity was found in bulimic patients. The overall eating disorders group presented high scores in neuroticism and low scores in self-directedness. Eating disorder patients have heterogeneous features of temperament and personality traits. Cluster C personality disorders seem more common in anorexia nervosa restricting type and impulsive personality features are associated with bulimic symptoms. Impulsivity seems to be a key aspect of temperament of bulimic patients, whereas anorexic symptoms are linked to persistent temperament traits.

SÍNTESIS IN SITU DE NANOPARTÍCULAS DE PLATA SOBRE FIBRAS DE FIQUE

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Sergio Ovalle

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Se realizó la síntesis de un material nanocompuesto mediante la deposiciónin situ de nanopartículas (NPs de plata sobre fibras de Fique. La influencia de parámetros experimentales, como concentración del precursor, concentración del agente reductor y tiempos de inmersión de las fibras en la solución del precursor y del agente reductor, se evaluó en términos de recubrimiento, tamaño y dispersión del nanomaterial sobre la superficie. Los nanocompositos fueron caracterizados mediante espectroscopia de reflectancia difusa UV-Vis (RD, microscopía electrónica (FESEM y difracción de rayos X (DRX. El control de los parámetros experimentales mencionados permitió obtener un material que exhibe recubrimiento uniforme y completo de NPs sobre la superficie y tamaños promedio de NPs de 40 nm. 

The CT appearance of ''reversible'' cerebral pseudoatrophy in anorexia nervosa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boron, Z.; Kozlowska, R.; Grzegorzewski, M.; Nawrot, M.; Bulawska, I.

1995-01-01

The CT appearance of ''reversible'' cerebral pseudoatrophy resulting from anorexia nervosa was demonstrated. The CT studies were performed in 3 young women with typical clinical course of anorexia nervosa. In all of them computed tomography revealed dilatation of the subarachnoid fluid space. After 5 months of therapy the follow-up scans have reverted to normal in all cases. (author)

Manualized Family-Based Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa: A Case Series.

Science.gov (United States)

Le Grange, Daniel; Binford, Roslyn; Loeb, Katharine L.

2005-01-01

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe a case series of children and adolescents (mean age = 14.5 years, SD = 2.3; range 9-18) with anorexia nervosa who received manualized family-based treatment for their eating disorder. Method: Forty-five patients with anorexia nervosa were compared pre- and post-treatment on weight and menstrual…

Androgens in women with anorexia nervosa and normal-weight women with hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, K K; Lawson, E A; Mathur, V; Wexler, T L; Meenaghan, E; Misra, M; Herzog, D B; Klibanski, A

2007-04-01

Anorexia nervosa and normal-weight hypothalamic amenorrhea are characterized by hypogonadism and hypercortisolemia. However, it is not known whether these endocrine abnormalities result in reductions in adrenal and/ or ovarian androgens or androgen precursors in such women, nor is it known whether relative androgen deficiency contributes to abnormalities in bone density and body composition in this population. Our objective was to determine whether endogenous androgen and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels: 1) are reduced in women with anorexia nervosa and normal-weight hypothalamic amenorrhea, 2) are reduced further by oral contraceptives in women with anorexia nervosa, and 3) are predictors of weight, body composition, or bone density in such women. We conducted a cross-sectional study at a general clinical research center. A total of 217 women were studied: 137 women with anorexia nervosa not receiving oral contraceptives, 32 women with anorexia nervosa receiving oral contraceptives, 21 normal-weight women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, and 27 healthy eumenorrheic controls. Testosterone, free testosterone, DHEAS, bone density, fat-free mass, and fat mass were assessed. Endogenous total and free testosterone, but not DHEAS, were lower in women with anorexia nervosa than in controls. More marked reductions in both free testosterone and DHEAS were observed in women with anorexia nervosa receiving oral contraceptives. In contrast, normal-weight women with hypothalamic amenorrhea had normal androgen and DHEAS levels. Lower free testosterone, total testosterone, and DHEAS levels predicted lower bone density at most skeletal sites measured, and free testosterone was positively associated with fat-free mass. Androgen levels are low, appear to be even further reduced by oral contraceptive use, and are predictors of bone density and fat-free mass in women with anorexia nervosa. Interventional studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine whether

Fibras de polipropileno e sua influência no comportamento de concretos expostos a altas temperaturas: revisão Polypropylene fibers and their influence on the behavior of concretes exposed to high temperatures: review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. L. de Castro

2011-03-01

Full Text Available A resistência ao fogo de um elemento estrutural de concreto é avaliada pelo intervalo de tempo em que o elemento continua a desempenhar suas funções sob condições de alta temperatura. Normalmente acredita-se que o concreto tem uma excelente durabilidade frente à ação do fogo, entretanto, na prática, a estabilidade desse material é prejudicada pelas altas temperaturas e os elementos de concreto têm apresentado danos excessivos ou mesmo rupturas catastróficas sob tais condições. Quando expostos às altas temperaturas, materiais à base de cimento sofrem mudanças físico-químicas que prejudicam suas propriedades mecânicas e comprometem sua resistência à transferência de calor. Embora as características térmicas de um concreto de alta resistência sejam semelhantes aos de um concreto convencional, este material possui uma maior sensibilidade às altas temperaturas devido à sua porosidade reduzida, apresentando uma maior perda relativa das propriedades mecânicas e a ocorrência do lascamento explosivo na faixa de temperatura entre 100 ºC e 400 ºC. O lascamento pode ser evitado pela introdução de fibras de polipropileno na composição do concreto: quando fundidas e parcialmente absorvidas pela matriz de cimento, as fibras criam uma rede de canais permeável que permite a migração dos gases para o exterior, reduzindo a pressão nos poros do material e, conseqüentemente, eliminando a possibilidade de ocorrência do lascamento explosivo. Assim, no presente artigo, uma revisão sobre o comportamento de concretos expostos às altas temperaturas, bem como a influência da fibra de polipropileno sobre este comportamento foi realizada, direcionando-se para os concretos aplicados na construção civil.The fire resistance of a structural concrete is evaluated by the time length that the element keeps performing its functions under high temperature conditions. It is usually believed that the concrete has an excellent durability

Adolescent Eating Disorder: Anorexia Nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Muuss, Rolf E.

1985-01-01

Examines anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder seen with increasing frequency, especially among adolescent girls. Presents five theories about causation, discusses early characteristics, typical family patterns, physical and medical characteristics, social adjustment problems, and society's contribution to anorexia. Describes course of the…

Preparação de fibras de polipropileno modificadas com grupos mercaptan e sua utilização em compósitos com resina epoxídica

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Dutra Rita C. L.

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Fibras de polipropileno modificadas com grupos mercaptan foram desenvolvidas através de processo de extrusão/fiação de misturas contendo PP e EVA modificado com grupos mercaptan (EVASH. A superfície destas fibras foi analisada por espectroscopia foto-eletrônica de raios-X (XPS, espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier, utilizando-se a técnica de refletância difusa (DRIFTS, tensão superficial e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A partir destas técnicas, chegou-se à conclusão que o componente polar (EVASH se situa próximo à superfície da fibra. A utilização destas fibras em compósitos com resina epoxídica resultou em aumento considerável da resistência ao impacto e da temperatura de transição vítrea do material, indicando boa adesão interfacial matriz-fibra. Estas interações foram comprovadas por análise dinâmico-mecânicas.

Incidence and outcomes of bulimia nervosa : a nationwide population-based study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Keski-Rahkonen, A.; Hoek, H. W.; Linna, M. S.; Raevuori, A.; Sihvola, E.; Bulik, C. M.; Rissanen, A.; Kaprio, J.

Background. Little is known about the epidemiology of bulimia nervosa outside clinical settings. We report the incidence, prevalence and outcomes of bulimia nervosa using for the first time a nationwide Study design. Method. To assess the incidence and natural course and outcomes of DSM-IV bulimia

EFEITO DE DIFERENTES TEMPOS DE COZIMENTO NOS TEORES DE FIBRAS ALIMENTARES EM FOLHAS DE BRÓCOLIS, COUVE-FLOR E COUVE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L.

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Mônica Alessandra Teixeira dos SANTOS

2009-07-01

Full Text Available

Foram determinados os teores de fibras alimentares (FDA, FDN, lignina e pectinas das folhas de brócolis e couve-flor e comparados aos teores encontrados nas tradicionais folhas de couve. Os materiais estudados foram cultivados no município de Ijaci MG, com o objetivo da utilização integral dessas hortaliças como fonte alternativa de fibras. As folhas foram submetidas a cocção por seis diferentes tempos (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 minutos. Acompanhando o comportamento das diversas frações da fibra no material úmido e após secagem. Os resultados mostraram que as folhas de couve-flor e brócolis superaram a couve comum, que apresentou teores superiores apenas na fração FDA do material seco. Os resultados revelaram que as folhas das hortaliças analisadas podem ser consideradas como boas fontes de fibras insolúveis, mas não contribuem significativamente com a porção solúvel.

Disturbed release of gastrointestinal peptides in anorexia nervosa and in obesity.

Science.gov (United States)

Baranowska, B; Radzikowska, M; Wasilewska-Dziubinska, E; Roguski, K; Borowiec, M

2000-04-01

It is commonly accepted that some neuropeptides play an important role in the control of appetite and hormonal secretion. Several gastrointestinal peptides may affect on central control of appetite via vagal and spinal nerves. The aim of this study was to evaluate the release of gastrointestinal peptides in anorexia nervosa and in obesity, because in these diseases the disturbances in the control of appetite and hormonal secretion were found. Material consisted of 30 women with anorexia nervosa aged 16-29 years (mean 22 years) and 23 women with obesity aged 19-33 years (mean 29 years) and 25 lean women of control group. In women with anorexia nervosa as compared with control group we observed a significant increase of plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels (p anorexia nervosa. These findings suggests that dysfunction of brain-gut axis may be also an important factor in the abnormal control of appetite axcept of hypothalamic dysfunction.

Caracterização mecânica e térmica de compósitos de poli (cloreto de vinila reforçados com fibras de sisal Mechanical and thermal characterization of the polyvinyl chloride-sisal fibers composites

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Gilson S. Martins

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Compósitos de PVC, plastificados com diferentes sistemas de plastificação e reforçados com fibras de sisal, foram processados em moinho de dois rolos. A influência do tipo e teor do plastificante, do comprimento e do teor das fibras nas propriedades dos compósitos obtidos foi estudada. Dois tipos de plastificantes foram usados, um líquido (do tipo poliéster e um sólido permanente (copolímero etileno/ acetato de vinila/ monóxido de carbono. As fibras usadas foram previamente lavadas com água a 80 °C por uma hora. Os compósitos, com fibras curtas aleatoriamente distribuídas, foram caracterizados através de ensaio mecânico de resistência à tração, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV, e análises térmicas de calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC e análise por termogravimetria (TG. O comprimento ótimo de fibra obtido para os compósitos foi de 6 mm. O uso do plastificante sólido mostrou-se viável e promoveu uma maior molhabilidade da fibra pela matriz nos compósitos, principalmente para teores acima de 40 pcr. As análises térmicas mostraram que a substituição do plastificante líquido pelo plastificante sólido não afetou a estabilidade térmica das matrizes e dos compósitos.Composites consisting of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC, plasticized with two different types of plasticizers and reinforced with sisal fibers, were processed on a two-roll mixing mill. Two plasticizers were used, a liquid plasticizer (polyester and a permanent solid plasticizer (ethylene/ vinyl acetate/ carbon monoxide copolymer - Elvaloy® , to form two kinds of polymeric matrices. For each one of these matrices, the influence of plasticizers type, plasticizers content, size and quantity of sisal fibers in the composite properties has been studied. The fibers were washed with water at 80 °C during one hour. The composites with randomly distributed short fibers were characterized by mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy

Severity of eating disorder symptoms related to oxytocin receptor polymorphisms in anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Acevedo, Summer F; Valencia, Celeste; Lutter, Michael; McAdams, Carrie J

2015-08-30

Oxytocin is a peptide hormone important for social behavior and differences in psychological traits have been associated with variants of the oxytocin receptor gene in healthy people. We examined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) correlated with clinical symptoms in women with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and healthy comparison (HC) women. Subjects completed clinical assessments and provided DNA for analysis. Subjects were divided into four groups: HC, subjects currently with anorexia nervosa (AN-C), subjects with a history of anorexia nervosa but in long-term weight recovery (AN-WR), and subjects with bulimia nervosa (BN). Five SNPs of the oxytocin receptor were examined. Minor allele carriers showed greater severity in most of the psychiatric symptoms. Importantly, the combination of having had anorexia and carrying either of the A alleles for two SNPS in the OXTR gene (rs53576, rs2254298) was associated with increased severity specifically for ED symptoms including cognitions and behaviors associated both with eating and appearance. A review of psychosocial data related to the OXTR polymorphisms examined is included in the discussion. OXTR polymorphisms may be a useful intermediate endophenotype to consider in the treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Laserterapia de baixa intensidade acelera a regeneração de nervos periféricos Low-power laser therapy accelerates peripheral nerves' regeneration

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Cristina Endo

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Há evidências de que a terapia com o laser pode estimular a regeneração de nervos e esta hipótese foi testada em ratos. Uma lesão por esmagamento controlado foi produzida no nervo isquiático de 20 ratos Wistar, metade dos quais foram submetidos a irradiação efetiva com o laser de arseneto de gálio (AsGa e a outra metade a irradiação simulada, durante dez dias consecutivos, começando no primeiro dia pós-operatório. Os resultados foram avaliados com três semanas pela medida do índice funcional do isquiático (IFC em intervalos semanais e pela medida do número total de fibras nervosas e da densidade de fibras dos nervos, após o sacrifício dos animais na terceira semana, com o nível de significância de 5% (pThere are evidences that laser therapy may stimulate nerve regeneration and this hypothesis was tested in rats. A controlled crush injury was produced on the sciatic nerve of 20 Wistar rats, half of which submitted to effective Ga-As laser irradiation and the other half to simulated irradiation for 10 consecutive days beginning on the first postoperative day. Results were evaluated at three weeks postoperatively by measuring the sciatic functional index (SFI at weekly intervals and the total number of nerve fibers and nerve fiber density of the sciatic nerve at three weeks (p<0.05. The SFI progressively improved for both irradiated and control nerves (69% and 45%, respectively with a significant difference between them at two weeks (p=0.04. Nerve fiber density increased for the irradiated nerves and decreased for the control nerves, with significant differences between them (p=0.001. Low intensity therapeutic ultrasound accelerates nerve regeneration, as demonstrated with significance on the 21st postoperative day.

Aplicações de fibras vegetais na secagem de concretos refratários Use of natural fibers to speed up the drying step of refractory castables

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C. S. Isaac

2004-06-01

Full Text Available A secagem de concretos refratários é uma etapa crítica em seu processamento devido aos riscos de explosão durante a saída de água contida em sua estrutura. Para minimizar esses problemas e aumentar a velocidade de secagem, fibras poliméricas têm sido adicionadas às formulações de concreto. Uma variável importante a ser considerada no desempenho desse aditivo é o tipo de fibra utilizada. Trabalhos do grupo de pesquisa indicaram que fibras vegetais podem apresentar bom desempenho na geração de canais permeáveis. Esse fato, aliado à sua grande disponibilidade e baixo custo, sugere que estas fibras sejam uma alternativa interessante às fibras sintéticas utilizadas atualmente. Neste trabalho, comparou-se o desempenho de fibras vegetais com o do polipropileno utilizados como aditivos de secagem. Foram realizadas medidas de permeabilidade utilizando a Equação de Forchheimer, ensaios de permeametria em alta temperatura e análise termogravimétrica do concreto. As fibras foram caracterizadas por calorimetria exploratória diferencial e termogravimetria.The drying of refractory castables is a critical step during application due to the possibility of spalling. In order to decrease these risks and improve the drying rate, polymeric fibers have been added to the castables' formulation. The type of fiber is an important aspect to be studied. Authors' previous works indicated that vegetable fibers can be good candidates. This fact, associated with its wide availability and low cost, suggests that these fibers can be interesting substitutes to synthetic ones. In this work, vegetable and polypropylene fibers had their performance evaluated as drying agents. The results of permeability measurements and hot air permeametry were related with the thermogravimety of the fiber-containing castables. The fibers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry.

[Management of anorexia nervosa in a Tunisian case].

Science.gov (United States)

Ahlem, Harrathi; Soumeyya, Halayem; Nadia, Janhani; Sami, Othman; Ines, Lahmar; Samira, Blouza; Ahlem, Belhadj; Asma, Bouden; Halayem, Mohamed B

2014-07-01

Anorexia nervosa is a complex psychiatric illness that can lead to severe physical complications. This work aimed to study the approach taken by the child psychiatry service of Razi hospital in the management of anorexia nervosa and to compare it with international recommendation. We propose to illustrate by a case report and review international recommendations on this topic while undertaking a review of the literature based on a Medline search using the following keywords: anorexia, nervosa adolescence, management, guidelines. Case report: AS, 16 years old, addressed to us by the school doctor for management of anorexia nervosa evolving for two years without improvement through outpatient care. His condition was considered precarious requiring urgent care in a medical hospital. She was then hospitalized at the Institute of Nutrition with a weight contract to achieve, She received a gradual refueling strongly denied. We have provided a psychological support by moving on site three times a week to help establish a good therapeutic alliance. After three weeks, the teenager has reached an acceptable weight for its output to the hospital and additional support at the outpatient child psychiatry with supportive psychotherapy. Two months later, she developed depression because of the weight gain. The appointment at the dietician was continued three months after hospitalization. At 10 months of the hospitalization, the girl had good grades and was not amenorrheic. However, on the psychological level she kept the same traits and intrafamilial relationships were marked by the seal of the manipulation. Subsequently, the teenager has spaced the consultations then lost sight. Currently, at 15 months of the hospitalization, parents describe a relapse, with a dietary restriction without amenorrhea ad a refusal to take weight. In management of this patient, we followed the recommendations of the literature namely those of the High Authority of Health and NICE (National Institute

Dopamine and anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Södersten, P; Bergh, C; Leon, M; Zandian, M

2016-01-01

We have suggested that reduced food intake increases the risk for anorexia nervosa by engaging mesolimbic dopamine neurons, thereby initially rewarding dieting. Recent fMRI studies have confirmed that dopamine neurons are activated in anorexia nervosa, but it is not clear whether this response is due to the disorder or to its resulting nutritional deficit. When the body senses the shortage of nutrients, it rapidly shifts behavior toward foraging for food as a normal physiological response and the mesolimbic dopamine neurons may be involved in that process. On the other hand, the altered dopamine status of anorexics has been suggested to result from a brain abnormality that underlies their complex emotional disorder. We suggest that the outcomes of the treatments that emerge from that perspective remain poor because they target the mental symptoms that are actually the consequences of the food deprivation that accompanies anorexia. On the other hand, a method that normalizes the disordered eating behavior of anorexics results in much better physiological, behavioral, and emotional outcomes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among Turkish performance artists.

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Aksoydan, E; Camci, N

2009-03-01

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among the performance artists in the State Opera and Ballet and in the Bilkent University Symphony Orchestra. The study population consisted of 39 men and 55 women for a total of 94 artists with mean age of 33 years. The ORTO-15 test was used to determine the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa. Those subjects who scored below 40 in the ORTO-15 test were classified as having orthorexia nervosa. Mean score of the participants in the ORTO-15 test was 37.9+/-4.46. A total of 56.4% of the artists involved in the research scored below 40 in the ORTO-15 test. While the highest prevalence of orthorexia nervosa was recorded among opera singers (81.8%), it was 32.1% among ballet dancers and 36.4% among symphony orchestra musicians. The differences between the three groups were statistically significant. No difference was noted between mean ORTO-15 score by baseline characteristics as gender, age, educational level, work experience, body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption. The research group have a higher socio-economic and education level than the majority of the general public in Turkey. Additionally, being an artist in Turkey means being a role model for the general public both in terms one's physical appearance and lifestyle. These may be the reason why artists are more sensitive to this issue.

A Comparison of Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions for Bulimia Nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Thackwray, Donna E.; And Others

1993-01-01

Examined the relative efficacy of different treatment approaches for bulimia nervosa. Follow-up of a study using cognitive-behavioral, behavioral, and placebo groups show six-month abstinence highest in the cognitive behavioral group. Results support conceptualization of bulimia nervosa as a multifaceted disorder best treated with an approach that…

Substituição da silagem de milho pela silagem de rama de mandioca na alimentação de vacas leiteiras: consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i4.990 Replacing corn silage with cassava foliage silage as feed for dairy cattle: intake and nutrient digestibility - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i4.990

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Júlio César Damasceno

2008-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do experimento foi estudar os efeitos da substituição da silagem de milho (SML pela silagem do terço superior da rama de mandioca (SRM no consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes de vacas em lactação. Doze vacas em lactação foram alocadas em um delineamento em blocos casualizados. Os níveis de substituição da SML pela SRM foram 0, 20, 40 e 60%. Os parâmetros analisados foram: consumo de matéria seca (CMS, matéria orgânica (CMO, fibra em detergente neutro (CFDN, fibra em detergente neutro indigestível (CFDNi, digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (DAMS, matéria orgânica (DAMO, proteína bruta (DAPB, fibra detergente neutro (DAFDN, carboidratos totais (DACT, carboidratos não fibrosos (DACNF. Foi observado que o nível de substituição da SML pela SRM não teve efeito significativo para a maioria das variáveis avaliadas (p > 0,05. No entanto, a DAPB (p The objective of the experiment was to study the effects of replacing corn silage (CS with cassava foliage silage (CFS – using the upper third of the foliage – on intake and nutrient digestibility. Twelve lactating dairy cows were used in a randomized block design to evaluated intake and digestibility. The levels of replacement of CS with CFS were 0, 20, 40 and 60%. The parameters studied were: dry matter intake (DMI, organic matter intake (OMI, neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI, indigestible neutral detergent fiber intake (INDFI, apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADDM, apparent digestibility of organic matter (ADOM, apparent digestibility of crude protein (ADCP, apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (ADNDF, apparent digestibility of total carbohydrates (ADTC and apparent digestibility of non-fiber carbohydrates (ADNFC. The replacement of CS with different levels of the upper third of cassava foliage silage (CFS had no effect in practically any of evaluated variables (p > 0.05. However, ADCP (p < 0.01 decreased as the levels of replacement

Food motivation circuitry hypoactivation related to hedonic and nonhedonic aspects of hunger and satiety in women with active anorexia nervosa and weight-restored women with anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Holsen, Laura M; Lawson, Elizabeth A; Blum, Justine; Ko, Eunice; Makris, Nikos; Fazeli, Pouneh K; Klibanski, Anne; Goldstein, Jill M

2012-09-01

Previous studies have provided evidence of food motivation circuitry dysfunction in individuals with anorexia nervosa. However, methodological limitations present challenges to the development of a cohesive neurobiological model of anorexia nervosa. Our goal was to investigate the neural circuitry of appetite dysregulation across states of hunger and satiety in active and weight-restored phases of anorexia nervosa using robust methodology to advance our understanding of potential neural circuitry abnormalities related to hedonic and nonhedonic state and trait. We scanned women with active anorexia nervosa, weight-restored women with anorexia nervosa and healthy-weight controls on a 3-T Siemens magnetic resonance scanner while they viewed images of high- and low-calorie foods and objects before (premeal) and after (postmeal) eating a 400 kcal meal. We enrolled 12 women with active disease, 10 weight-restored women with anorexia nervosa and 11 controls in our study. Compared with controls, both weight-restored women and those with active disease demonstrated hypoactivity premeal in the hypothalamus, amygdala and anterior insula in response to high-calorie foods (v. objects). Postmeal, hypoactivation in the anterior insula persisted in women with active disease. Percent signal change in the anterior insula was positively correlated with food stimuli ratings and hedonic and nonhedonic appetite ratings in controls, but not women with active disease. Our findings are limited by a relatively small sample size, which prevented the use of an analysis of variance model and exploration of interaction effects, although our substantial effect sizes of between-group differences suggest adequate power for our statistical analysis approach. Participants taking psychotropic medications were included. Our data provide evidence of potential state and trait hypoactivations in food motivation regions involved in the assessment of food's reward value and integration of these with

Autism spectrum disorder in individuals with anorexia nervosa and in their first- and second-degree relatives

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Koch, Susanne V; Tidselbak Larsen, Janne; Mouridsen, Svend E

2015-01-01

BACKGROUND: Clinical and population-based studies report increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in individuals with anorexia nervosa and in their relatives. No nationwide study has yet been published on co-occurrence of these disorders. AIMS: To investigate comorbidity of ASD...... in individuals with anorexia nervosa, and aggregation of ASD and anorexia nervosa in their relatives. METHOD: In Danish registers we identified all individuals born in 1981-2008, their parents, and full and half siblings, and linked them to data on hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders. RESULTS: Risk...... of comorbidity of ASD in probands with anorexia nervosa and aggregation of ASD in families of anorexia nervosa probands were increased. However, the risk of comorbid and familial ASD did not differ significantly from comorbid and familial major depression or any psychiatric disorder in anorexia nervosa probands...

Estado del arte sobre el comportamiento físico-mecánico de la escayola reforzada con fibras de vidrio E

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Comino Almenara, Pablo

2004-10-01

Full Text Available This article contains a discussion of the results and conclusions obtained in different studies to determine the physical and mechanical performance of fibre-reinforced plaster/scagliola specimens. The reinforcement used in this case is short filaments of fibreglass-E, the type of fibre most widely used at this time in Spain to reinforce prefabricated plaster/scagliola.En este artículo se presentan los resultados y las conclusiones obtenidas en diferentes estudios, sobre el comportamiento físico y mecánico, realizados en probetas de yeso/escayola reforzadas mediante la incorporación de fibras, y, en concreto, de fibras de vidrio E, en formato de hilos cortados. Este tipo de fibras son las más utilizadas en la actualidad para el refuerzo en prefabricados de yeso/ escayola, en España.

Anorexia Nervosa: Adolescent Starvation by Choice.

Science.gov (United States)

Gilbert, Evelyn H.; DeBlassie, Richard R.

1984-01-01

Discusses anorexia nervosa in terms of symptoms, characteristics of patients, family relationship, and modes of treatment. Suggests that a combination of psychological and medical treatment is more effective than behavior modification. (JAC)

Art therapy, psychodrama, and verbal therapy. An integrative model of group therapy in the treatment of adolescents with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Diamond-Raab, Lisa; Orrell-Valente, Joan K

2002-04-01

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa typically afflict individuals in adolescence. Given the intractability of these diseases in combination with the natural recalcitrance of adolescence, treatment with this population presents a daunting challenge. Traditional group therapy that focuses on verbal therapy is often not effective with this population, particularly in the acute stages of the diseases. A group therapy approach that integrates art therapy, psychodrama, and verbal therapy offers an innovative alternative to traditional group therapy.

Metodología para el diseño óptimo de dovelas de hormigón reforzado con fibras

OpenAIRE

Fuente Antequera, Albert de la; Pujadas Álvarez, Pablo; Blanco Álvarez, Ana; Aguado de Cea, Antonio

2012-01-01

En este trabajo se presentan una de las experiencias más relevantes relativas al uso de fibras estructurales como refuerzo del hormigón substitución prácticamente toda la armadura pasiva tradicional en dovelas para anillos de revestimiento en el área metropolitana de Barcelona. Es conocido, que la adición de fibras estructurales mejora, por una parte, la respuesta estructural del elemento durante su construcción, especialmente durante la acción del empuje de los gatos, y, por otra parte, cond...

Readiness to Recover in Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa: Prediction of Hospital Admission

Science.gov (United States)

Ametller, L.; Castro, J.; Serrano, E.; Martinez, E.; Toro, J.

2005-01-01

Objectives: To determine if motivation to change in anorexia nervosa during treatment is a predictor of hospitalisation in adolescent patients. Method: The Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire (ANSOCQ), the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered to a group of 70 anorexia nervosa…

A Pilot Study of a Functional Contextual Treatment for Bulimia Nervosa

Science.gov (United States)

Anderson, Drew A.; Simmons, Angela M.

2008-01-01

This paper describes the initial development of a treatment for bulimia nervosa using a functional contextual treatment approach. Seven women (6 with a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa and 1 with a diagnosis of eating disorder not otherwise specified) completed 12 sessions of functional contextual treatment. Participants were assessed with the Eating…

Avaliação dos modos de falha sob impacto de compósitos de matriz polimérica reforçados por fibras

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Marcelo M. M. Naglis

1998-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: Neste trabalho é feita uma avaliação dos modos de falha de compósitos de matriz polimérica reforçados por fibras de vidro, carbono ou aramida, submetidos a carregamento dinâmico. Os compósitos unidirecionais analisados foram fabricados por prensagem e cura à vácuo de lâminas de pré-impregnados. A energia total absorvida na fratura mostrou uma correlação inversamente proporcional ao módulo elástico das fibras usadas como reforço. Os compósitos com fibras de carbono falharam de um modo frágil. Para estes compósitos o comportamento ao impacto pode ser modelado usando-se uma análise puramente elástica. Para os compósitos com fibras de vidro a falha foi controlada por um mecanismo misto de cisalhamento ao longo da interface fibra-matriz e tensão normal trativa atuando perpendicularmente às fibras. O modelo elástico empregado para simular o comportamento ao impacto subestima a energia absorvida por estes compósitos, porém, a diferença entre os valores experimentais e os calculados não ultrapassou 20 %. A falha dos compósitos com fibras aramidas foi atribuída, principalmente, ao componente de tensão trativa atuando perpendicularmente às fibras. Nestes compósitos foi observado arrancamento superficial nas fibras aramidas e o comportamento ao impacto não obedece o modelo elástico empregado.ABSTRACT: In this work an evaluation of the fracture mode of fiber reinforced resin matrix composites submitted to three point bending dynamic impact testing was undertaken. The unidirectional glass, carbon and aramid fiber-epoxy matrix composites used were fabricated by vacuum bagging prepreg laminas. The energy absorbed to fracture the composites had an inverse correlation to the fibres' elastic modulus. The carbon fiber composites failed in a brittle mode. The analysis of the fracture surfaces showed that for the glass fiber composites, the failure is controlled by a coupled mechanism of shear along the fiber

[Study of parental bonding in childhood in children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa].

Science.gov (United States)

Albinhac, A M H; Jean, F A M; Bouvard, M P

2018-04-16

Anorexia nervosa constitutes a severe and complex eating disorder occurring principally in adolescence. It is one of the most deadly psychiatric disorders. Considering the multifactorial nature of anorexia nervosa, the important place of the family and the growing interest in the theory of attachment in eating disorders, parental bonding is questioned in anorexia nervosa. The main study goal is to analyze parental bonding in a population of children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa. The secondary objective is to study differences according to the age group. We realized an observational pilot study in Bordeaux over a period from June 2015 to April 2017. Twenty five young girls with anorexia nervosa, aged 10 to 17 years, hospitalized in the department of child and adolescent psychiatry and department of eating disorders have been included and divided into two groups: peripubertal for children under 14 and pubertal for children aged 14 to 17 years. We met them individually to complete a series of questionnaires including the Parental Bonding Instrument (for assessing attachment), the Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview for Children and Adolescent (for detecting the presence of comorbidity) and a structured questionnaire for collecting general information on anorexia nervosa. Results revealed high parental care, high maternal and paternal overprotection with predominantly "optimal" parenting style followed by "affectionate constraint" style. Significant differences were observed in anorexia nervosa patients with maternal (P=0.011) and paternal (P=0.085) overprotection in pubes compared to peripubertal. In correlation analysis, there was a positive correlation between maternal protection and age of diagnosis and a negative correlation between parental care and duration of illness. Furthermore, the maternal overprotection tended to be correlated significantly and positively with the age of the diagnosis and the paternal overprotection with the body mass

Definition of a gastric emptying abnormality in patients with anorexia nervosa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McCallum, R.W.; Grill, B.B.; Lange, R.; Planky, M.; Glass, E.E.; Greenfeld, D.G.

1985-01-01

Upper gastrointestinal symptoms may be prominent in anorexia nervosa. This study is an investigation of the gastric emptying of solid and liquid meal components in 16 female patients who met accepted psychiatric diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa. The results were compared with those of gastric emptying studies in 10 normal females of ideal body weight, 13 normal persons (12 males), and six patients with weight loss secondary to Crohn's disease with no psychiatric symptoms. A dual-isotope technique using chicken liver intracellularly labeled with technetium-/sup 99m/ (/sup 99m/Tc) bound to sulfur colloid as the solid-phase marker, and indium- 111 ( 111 In) -labeled water as the liquid-phase marker was used. In 13 of the 16 anorexia nervosa patients (80%), gastric emptying of solids was slower than the range in the two groups of normal subjects, and mean gastric emptying was significantly slower than in the weight-loss patients. Liquid emptying (water) in anorexia nervosa was normal and similar to the control groups studied. In 11 of the anorexia nervosa patients with delayed gastric emptying, intramuscular metoclopramide, 10 mg, significantly accelerated the mean gastric emptying from 60 through 120 min after the meal. The authors conclude that these data are consistent with an antral motility disturbance, either primary or secondary; and metoclopramide, a gastric prokinetic agent, accelerates (delayed) gastric emptying

[Purging behaviors and nutritional status in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa].

Science.gov (United States)

Vaz, F J; García-Herráiz, A; López-Vinuesa, B; Monge, M; Fernández-Gil, M A; Guisado, J A

2003-01-01

The aim of the study was to investigate whether the use of purgative methods in patients with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa [AN] and bulimia nervosa [BN]) could be capable of producing changes in the nutritional status of the patients. The group under study was composed of 184 female eating disordered outpatients. One hundred and sixteen patients (63.0%) fulfilled the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for BN (90 purging type, 26 nonpurging type). Sixty eight patients (37.0%) fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for the diagnosis of AN (48 restricting type, 20 binging-purging type). The assessment process included anthropometry (body circumferences and skinfold thickness) and body impedance analysis. The two subgroups of AN patients significantly differed from each of the BN subgroups. From a nutritional point of view, some significant differences between the two DSM-IV subtypes of AN existed, but not between the purging type and the nonpurging type of BN. The paper discusses the clinical significance of these findings. An alternative subtypification of AN patients is proposed: 1) restricting type [patients who control their food intake and do not purge]; 2) purging type [patient with true episodes of binging which are followed by purgative behaviors]; and 3) pseudopurging type [patients with subjective binging episodes who use purging methods].

Meta-analysis of theory of mind in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A specific İmpairment of cognitive perspective taking in anorexia nervosa?

Science.gov (United States)

Bora, Emre; Köse, Sezen

2016-08-01

Deficits in theory of mind (ToM), ability to infer mental states of others, can play a significant role in interpersonal difficulties and/or unawareness of illness observed in AN and other eating disorders including bulimia Nervosa (BN). Current meta-analysis aimed to summarize available evidence for deficits in ToM in AN and BN and examine the effects of number of study-level variables on observed findings. In this meta-analysis, 15 studies (22 samples with eating disorders) investigating ToM performances of 677 individuals with AN or BN and 514 healthy controls were included. AN was associated with significant deficits in ToM (d = 0.59) which were more pronounced in the acute patients (d = 0.67). Small sized deficits in ToM were observed in BN (d = 0.34) and recovered AN (d = 0.35). Both cognitive perspective-taking (ToM-PT) (d = 0.99) and decoding mental states (ToM-decoding) (d = 0.61) aspects of ToM were impaired in acute AN. ToM-decoding impairment in BN was modest. There was no evidence for significant ToM-PT deficit in BN. Several study-level variables including longer duration of illness, lower BMI, and depressive symptoms were associated with more severe deficits in ToM in AN. ToM deficits, particularly in ToM-PT, can be a specific feature of AN but not BN. ToM impairment can contribute to poor insight, treatment resistance, and social impairment in AN. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. RESUMEN META ANÁLISIS DE LA TEORÍA DE LA MENTE EN ANOREXIA NERVOSA Y BULIMIA NERVOSA: ¿Un deterioro de la toma de perspectiva cognitiva en Anorexia Nervosa? Las deficiencias en la teoría de la mente (ToM), la habilidad parar inferir los estados mentales de otros, pueden jugar una función significativa en las dificultades interpersonales y/o falta de reconocimiento de la enfermedad observada en Anorexia Nervosa (AN) y otros trastornos de la conducta alimentaria incluyendo la Bulimia Nervosa (BN). Los meta análisis actuales dirigidos a resumir la

Has food lost its attraction in anorexia nervosa? : A cognitive approach

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Neimeijer, Renate Antonia Maria

2018-01-01

De aantrekkingskracht van voedsel in Anorexia Nervosa Veel mensen doen aan de lijn, maar een dieet vol houden is voor de meesten van ons niet gemakkelijk. Dit ligt heel anders voor mensen met anorexia nervosa. In dit onderzoek wilden we beter begrijpen hoe het kan dat mensen met anorexia zo “goed

The Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative: Study description and sample characteristics of the Australian and New Zealand arm.

Science.gov (United States)

Kirk, Katherine M; Martin, Felicity C; Mao, Amy; Parker, Richard; Maguire, Sarah; Thornton, Laura M; Zhu, Gu; McAloney, Kerrie; Freeman, Jeremy L; Hay, Phillipa; Madden, Sloane; Morgan, Christine; Russell, Janice; Sawyer, Susan M; Hughes, Elizabeth K; Fairweather-Schmidt, A Kate; Fursland, Anthea; McCormack, Julie; Wagg, Fiona; Jordan, Jennifer; Kennedy, Martin A; Ward, Warren; Wade, Tracey D; Bulik, Cynthia M; Martin, Nicholas G

2017-06-01

Anorexia nervosa is a severe psychiatric disorder with high mortality rates. While its aetiology is poorly understood, there is evidence of a significant genetic component. The Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative is an international collaboration which aims to understand the genetic basis of the disorder. This paper describes the recruitment and characteristics of the Australasian Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative sample, the largest sample of individuals with anorexia nervosa ever assembled across Australia and New Zealand. Participants completed an online questionnaire based on the Structured Clinical Interview Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) eating disorders section. Participants who met specified case criteria for lifetime anorexia nervosa were requested to provide a DNA sample for genetic analysis. Overall, the study recruited 3414 Australians and 543 New Zealanders meeting the lifetime anorexia nervosa case criteria by using a variety of conventional and social media recruitment methods. At the time of questionnaire completion, 28% had a body mass index ⩽ 18.5 kg/m 2 . Fasting and exercise were the most commonly employed methods of weight control, and were associated with the youngest reported ages of onset. At the time of the study, 32% of participants meeting lifetime anorexia nervosa case criteria were under the care of a medical practitioner; those with current body mass index anorexia nervosa in Australia and New Zealand to date. The proportion of people with anorexia nervosa currently receiving medical care, and the most common sources of treatment accessed, indicates the importance of training for general practitioners and dietitians in treating anorexia nervosa.

Adolescence, Sexual Conflict, and Anorexia Nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Romeo, Felicia F.

1984-01-01

Suggests that the high incidence of anorexia nervosa in adolescent girls may be related to developmental sexual pressure. Symptoms appear with the onset of puberty and are related to physiological and psychological changes. (JAC)

Value Education on Pela Tradition (An Ethnographic Study of Ambonese

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frans Thomas

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Pendidikan Nilai dalam Tradisi Pela (Kajian Etnografis Masyarakat Ambon Abstract: The value that has meaning in pela tradition in Ambon society is something that has been handled as personally and can be internalized in human behaviour. The reality of pela tradition value order has been processing in institutionalized as the education direction of social values. The purpose of this qualitative research is to describe the values in the tradition of pela for educational value in Ambon community. The Exposure to the data, data explanation and understanding of discourse data tradition of pela is done in depth. The Study of pela discourse tradition with hermeneutics gives holistic-emic views of how the tradition of pela is able to package and legitimize the Ambonese community life philosophy. The results of the study describes the values in the tradition of pela include (1 the value of religion that regulates the dimensions of God in human life, (2 the value of the philosophy that is universal and will be impacted by the ending value and subjectivity, and (3 the value of ethical consequences of individual responsibility in achieving a moral obligation. Key Words: value education, culture, pela tradition Abstrak: Nilai yang memiliki arti dalam tradisi pela masyarakat Ambon adalah sesuatu yang telah diberikan sejak turun temurun secara pribadi dan dapat diinternalisasi dalam perilaku manusia. Pada kenyataannya, nilai pada tradisi pela telah dilembagakan menjadi arahan dalam pendidikan nilai-nilai sosial. Tujuan penelitian kualitatif ini adalah menggambarkan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam tradisi pela sebagai pendidikan nilai masyarakat Ambon. Paparan data, cara penjelasan data, dan pemahaman data wacana tradisi pela dilakukan secara mendalam. Kajian wacana tradisi pela dengan ancangan hermeneutika memberikan gambaran holistik-emik tentang bagaimana tradisi pela mampu mengemas dan melegitimasi falsafah hidup komunitas masyarakat Ambon. Hasil

Diminished creatinine clearance in anorexia nervosa: reversal with weight gain.

OpenAIRE

Boag, F; Weerakoon, J; Ginsburg, J; Havard, C W; Dandona, P

1985-01-01

To assess whether patients with anorexia nervosa have abnormalities in creatinine clearance, we measured plasma creatinine concentration, urinary creatinine excretion, and creatinine clearance in 10 patients with anorexia nervosa before and during treatment. Urinary creatinine excretion and creatinine clearance were diminished in all patients. Nine patients had significant decreases in their plasma creatinine and creatinine clearance was increased even when corrected for body weight and body ...

El Nopal fresco como fuente de fibra y calcio en panqués El Nopal fresco como fuente de fibra y calcio en panqués

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Eleazar Barboza- Corona

2012-02-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue utilizar nopal fresco en la formulación de panqués para incrementar su contenido de fibra dietética y calcio. Se desarrollaron cinco formulaciones de panqués utilizando nopal fresco (Opuntia amyclaea Tenore, 4 con sucralosa (una testigo sin nopal y una con azúcar y nopal. Se evaluaron sensorialmente por 60 jueces no entrenados mediante la prueba de preferencia, utilizando una escala hedónica del 1 al 9. Se les determinó el contenido de proteína (Nx6.25, humedad, cenizas, lípidos, hidratos de carbono, fibra dietética total, calcio y fósforo por los métodos de la AOAC, (1990. Los resultados revelaron contenidos de proteínas (Nx6.25 entre 9.54 y 10.08, de humedad entre 35.75 y 40.00, de cenizas, 2.29 g/100 g y 2.44 g/100 g peso húmedo. La evaluación sensorial mostró una buena aceptación, los contenidos de fibra dietética total estuvieron entre 8.27 % y 10.43 % y los de calcio entre 0.27 y 0.375 g/100 g. El valor calórico fue de 216.02 kcal a 225.68 kcal kJ/100 g de panqué, aproximadamente 50 % menos que los que se ofrecen en el mercado. Por su alto contenido de fibra y calcio, ausencia de azúcar y bajo valor calórico estos productos podrían ser una opción saludable para personas diabéticas y obesas.The aim of this work was to utilize fresh cactus as a source of dietary fiber and calciumin pound cake formulations. Five pound cake formulations using fresh cactus (Opuntiaamyclaea Tenore were developed (four with sucralosa, one of them without cactus andone with sugar cane and cactus. Sensory evaluation was performed by 60 untrained judgesand based on a preference assay with a hedonic scale from 1 to 9. Protein (Nx6.25,lipids, ashes, carbohydrates, total dietary fiber, calcium and phosphorus were determinedaccording to the methods of the AOAC, (1990. The results showed protein contentsfrom 9.54 to 10.08, moisture from 35.75 to 40.00, lipids from 2.29 g/100 g y 2.44 g/100g fresh weight. The

Diurnal variation of the serum leptin concentration in patients with anorexia nervosa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Støving, R K; Vinten, J; Handberg, A

1998-01-01

, however, this has been reported to be absent in normal weighted amenorrheic athletes. Anorexia nervosa is associated with multiple endocrine abnormalities. Hypothalamic amenorrhoea often precedes the weight loss and may persist after weight recovery. We hypothesized that leptin could be involved...... in the regulation of eating behaviour and gonadal function in anorexia nervosa. DESIGN: We measured the concentration of leptin in serum samples taken after an overnight fast in 18 female anorexia nervosa patients and 11 controls. To study diurnal variation, eight patients and 11 controls were hospitalized for 24 h...... and had a standardized diet at regular times. Seven blood samples were obtained at 4 h intervals from each subject. PATIENTS: The patients fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for anorexia nervosa. The mean body mass index for the patients was 14.2 +/- 2.3 kg/m2 and for controls 20.3 +/- 1.7 kg/m2. RESULTS...

Motivation to change, coping, and self-esteem in adolescent anorexia nervosa: a validation study of the Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire (ANSOCQ).

Science.gov (United States)

Pauli, Dagmar; Aebi, Marcel; Winkler Metzke, Christa; Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph

2017-01-01

Understanding motivation to change is a key issue in both the assessment and the treatment of eating disorders. Therefore, sound instruments assessing this construct are of great help to clinicians. Accordingly, the present study analysed the psychometric properties of the Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire (ANSOCQ), including its relation to coping style and self-esteem. N  = 92 adolescents referred to an eating disorders outpatient clinic meeting criteria for anorexia nervosa gave written informed consent to participate in this study and completed the ANSOCQ, the Eating Disorder Inventory, the Eating Attitudes Test, the Body Image Questionnaire, two questionnaires measuring Self-Related Cognitions and the Coping Across Situations Questionnaire. After a treatment period of nine months, clinical anorexia nervosa diagnosis and the body mass index were re-assessed. In addition to exploratory factor analysis, correlational analysis was used to test for the convergent validity of the ANSOCQ and logistic regression analysis was used to test its predictive validity. The ANSOCQ had good psychometric properties. Factor analysis yielded two meaningful factors labelled as 'weight gain and control' and 'attitudes and feelings'. Internal consistencies of the two factors amounted to Cronbach's alpha = .87 and .76, respectively. Significant correlations with other scales measuring eating disorder psychopathology were indicative of meaningful construct validity. Higher motivation to change was related to higher self-esteem and a more active coping style. Higher (positive) ANSOCQ total scores predicted remission of anorexia nervosa after nine months of treatment. A higher score on 'attitudes and feelings' was a protective factor against drop-out from intervention. The ANSOCQ is a clinically useful instrument for measuring motivation to change in adolescents with AN. Two factorial dimensions explain most of the variation. Self-esteem and coping style are

Cancer Incidence among Patients with Anorexia Nervosa from Sweden, Denmark and Finland

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Mellemkjaer, Lene; Papadopoulos, Fotios C.; Pukkala, Eero; Ekbom, Anders; Gissler, Mika; Christensen, Jane; Olsen, Jørgen H.

2015-01-01

A diet with restricted energy content reduces the occurrence of cancer in animal experiments. It is not known if the underlying mechanism also exists in human beings. To determine whether cancer incidence is reduced among patients with anorexia nervosa who tend to have a low intake of energy, we carried out a retrospective cohort study of 22 654 women and 1678 men diagnosed with anorexia nervosa at ages 10-50 years during 1968-2010 according to National Hospital Registers in Sweden, Denmark and Finland. The comparison group consisted of randomly selected persons from population registers who were similar to the anorexia nervosa patients in respect to sex, year of birth and place of residence. Patients and population comparisons were followed for cancer by linkage to Cancer Registries. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Poisson models. In total, 366 cases of cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) were seen among women with anorexia nervosa, and the IRR for all cancer sites was 0.97 (95% CI = 0.87-1.08) adjusted for age, parity and age at first child. There were 76 breast cancers corresponding to an adjusted IRR of 0.61 (95% CI = 0.49-0.77). Significantly increased IRRs were observed for esophageal, lung, and liver cancer. Among men with anorexia nervosa, there were 23 cases of cancer (age-adjusted IRR = 1.08; 95% CI = 0.71-1.66). There seems to be no general reduction in cancer occurrence among patients with anorexia nervosa, giving little support to the energy restriction hypothesis. PMID:26000630

Treatment of Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Patel, Dilip R.; Pratt, Helen D.; Greydanus, Donald E.

2003-01-01

Reviews research on the treatment of adolescents with anorexia nervosa, including the general approach, treatment setting, treatment of medical complications, nutritional management, psychopharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, treatment efficacy and outcome studies, comparison studies, and prevention programs. (EV)

Simulating Category Learning and Set Shifting Deficits in Patients Weight-Restored from Anorexia Nervosa

Science.gov (United States)

2014-01-01

Neuropsychology, in press     Simulating Category Learning and Set Shifting Deficits in Patients Weight-Restored from Anorexia Nervosa J...University   Objective: To examine set shifting in a group of women previously diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN) who are now weight-restored (AN-WR...participant fails to switch to the new rule but rather persists with the previously correct rule. Adult patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) are often impaired

Interpersonal motives in anorexia nervosa: the fear of losing one's autonomy.

Science.gov (United States)

Brockmeyer, Timo; Holtforth, Martin Grosse; Bents, Hinrich; Kämmerer, Annette; Herzog, Wolfgang; Friederich, Hans-Christoph

2013-03-01

This study examined the widely held but insufficiently studied hypothesis of autonomy disturbances in anorexia nervosa. A total sample of 112 participants comprising patients with acute anorexia nervosa (AN), women recovered from anorexia nervosa (REC), clinical controls (CC), and healthy controls (HC) completed measures of dependency and intimacy strivings, as well as measures of frustrations of these same strivings. In comparison to HC and CC, AN showed a stronger motivation to avoid dependency and lower strivings for intimacy. Compared with HC, but not with CC, AN also showed stronger frustrations of the same motives. Whereas REC did not differ from AN regarding avoidance of dependency, they reported lower frustration of dependency avoidance (i.e., less actual experiences of dependency). Finally, REC reported higher intimacy motivation as well as better satisfaction of intimacy motivation as compared with AN. The present findings suggest that a pronounced motive of avoiding dependency may be a vulnerability factor for anorexia nervosa that is disorder-specific and trait-like. Frustrations of this motive seem to be associated with psychopathology. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Similarities and differences between eating disorders and orthorexia nervosa

OpenAIRE

Larsen, Kristine Instefjord

2013-01-01

Masteroppgave - Norges idrettshøgskole, 2013 In today`s society there is an increased focus on having a healthy lifestyle and a good health. For some people, the attempt to achieve good health turns into an obsession which again may lead to an eating disorder. In recent years a new term is noticed, called orthorexia nervosa. Orthorexia is about being obsessed with healthy eating. Today there is a lot of research and literature about eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa ...

Investigation of Oxytocin Secretion in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa: Relationships to Temperament Personality Dimensions.

Science.gov (United States)

Monteleone, Alessio Maria; Scognamiglio, Pasquale; Volpe, Umberto; Di Maso, Virginia; Monteleone, Palmiero

2016-01-01

Published studies suggested an implication of oxytocin in some temperament characteristics of personality. Therefore, we measured oxytocin secretion in 23 women with anorexia nervosa (AN), 27 with bulimia nervosa (BN) and 19 healthy controls and explored the relationships between circulating oxytocin and patients' personality traits. Plasma oxytocin levels were significantly reduced in AN women but not in BN ones. In healthy women, the attachment subscale scores of the reward dependence temperament and the harm avoidance (HA) scores explained 82% of the variability in circulating oxytocin. In BN patients, plasma oxytocin resulted to be negatively correlated with HA, whereas no significant correlations emerged in AN patients. These findings confirm a dysregulation of oxytocin production in AN but not in BN and show, for the first time, a disruption of the associations between hormone levels and patients' temperament traits, which may have a role in certain deranged behaviours of eating disorder patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

Anorexia Nervosa--A Teacher's Perspective.

Science.gov (United States)

Rittner, Max

The paper describes the physical and psychological symptoms of anorexia nervosa, treatment methods, and implications for the classroom. A rationale is offered for the predominance of upper-middle and upper class female adolescents in the anorectic population. Four models of treatment for the anorectic individual are considered: medical,…

Dysregulation of brain reward systems in eating disorders: neurochemical information from animal models of binge eating, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Avena, Nicole M; Bocarsly, Miriam E

2012-07-01

Food intake is mediated, in part, through brain pathways for motivation and reinforcement. Dysregulation of these pathways may underlay some of the behaviors exhibited by patients with eating disorders. Research using animal models of eating disorders has greatly contributed to the detailed study of potential brain mechanisms that many underlie the causes or consequences of aberrant eating behaviors. This review focuses on neurochemical evidence of reward-related brain dysfunctions obtained through animal models of binge eating, bulimia nervosa, or anorexia nervosa. The findings suggest that alterations in dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh) and opioid systems in reward-related brain areas occur in response to binge eating of palatable foods. Moreover, animal models of bulimia nervosa suggest that while bingeing on palatable food releases DA, purging attenuates the release of ACh that might otherwise signal satiety. Animal models of anorexia nervosa suggest that restricted access to food enhances the reinforcing effects of DA when the animal does eat. The activity-based anorexia model suggests alterations in mesolimbic DA and serotonin occur as a result of restricted eating coupled with excessive wheel running. These findings with animal models complement data obtained through neuroimaging and pharmacotherapy studies of clinical populations. Information on the neurochemical consequences of the behaviors associated with these eating disorders will be useful in understanding these complex disorders and may inform future therapeutic approaches, as discussed here. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Central Control of Food Intake'. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measuring Orthorexia Nervosa: Psychometric Limitations of the ORTO-15.

Science.gov (United States)

Roncero, María; Barrada, Juan Ramón; Perpiñá, Conxa

2017-09-20

Orthorexia nervosa has recently been defined as excessive preoccupation with healthy eating, causing significant nutritional deficiencies and social and personal impairments. The ORTO-15 is the most widely used instrument to evaluate orthorexia nervosa, although previous studies obtained inconsistent results about its psychometric properties, and there are no data on the Spanish version. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the ORTO-15. In order to cross-validate the results, two independent samples were used (Sample 1: n = 807, 74.1% women; Sample 2: n = 242, 63.2% women). The results did not support the original recoding and reversal of the items; thus, the original scores were maintained. The analysis of the internal structure showed that the best interpretable solution was unidimensional, and due to low loadings, four items were removed. The internal consistency (α = .74) and temporal stability (r = .92; p orthorexia nervosa.

Testing the Hypothesis of the Multidimensional Model of Anorexia Nervosa in Adolescents.

Science.gov (United States)

Lyon, Maureen; Chatoor, Irene; Atkins, Darlene; Silber, Tomas; Mosimann, James; Gray, James

1997-01-01

Tested six hypothesized risk factors of a model for anorexia nervosa. Results confirmed three of the risk factors: family history of depression, feelings of ineffectiveness, and poor interceptive awareness. Alcohol and drug abuse also figured prominently in the family history of patients with anorexia nervosa. (RJM)

Consumo de fibra dietética en lactantes menores de 2 años y estreñimiento funcional

OpenAIRE

Velasco Benítez, Carlos Alberto; Giraldo Lora, Sandra Carolina

2015-01-01

Antecedentes. La inclusión de la fibra dietética (FD), tiene múltiples beneficios sobre la salud del ser humano; sin embargo, en pediatría, existen grandes brechas concernientes a la relación de fibra y estreñimiento. Objetivo. Describir el hábito intestinal en lactantes . Se tuvo en cuenta la alimentación con leche materna, el tiempo de inicio de alimentación complementaria y el antecedente de madre o cuidador con EF. Los resultados son expresados como promedio ± desviación estándar. El anál...

Adolescents with anorexia nervosa have their say: a review of qualitative studies on treatment and recovery from anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Bezance, Jessica; Holliday, Joanna

2013-09-01

Anorexia nervosa often begins in adolescence, and there is a growing body of quantitative literature looking at the efficacy of treatment for adolescents. However, qualitative research has a valuable contribution to make to the understanding of treatment and recovery. This paper aims to review qualitative studies on the experience of treatment and recovery for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Key themes from the 11 studies identified the role of family, peers and professionals, family therapy, the inpatient setting, emphasis on physical versus psychological and conceptualisation of recovery. Future studies would benefit from relating their findings to adolescent theory and considering reflexivity. Implications for clinical practice are also discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

Practice guidelines for acupuncturists using acupuncture as an adjunctive treatment for anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Fogarty, Sarah; Ramjan, Lucie Michelle

2015-02-01

Anorexia nervosa is a potentially life-threatening eating disorder where people intentionally refuse to eat sufficient amounts to maintain a healthy body-weight for fear of becoming fat. The intense preoccupation with restriction of food and control of body weight makes this one of the most complex and confusing conditions for practitioners to treat. While no single treatment has been found to be superior to another in the treatment of anorexia nervosa, general practice guidelines are available to guide mainstream treatment, however there are no guidelines for practitioners of complementary therapies. Complementary therapies such as acupuncture show promise as an adjunctive therapy in improving co-morbidities such as depression and anxiety levels among people with anorexia nervosa, by strengthening mind, body and overall well-being. The aim of this guideline is to assist and support acupuncture practitioners to deliver effective and safe adjunctive acupuncture treatments to people with anorexia nervosa, by providing a practice guideline that is underpinned by an ethical and evidence-based framework. The use of complementary therapies and specifically acupuncture in the treatment of anorexia nervosa may provide important adjunctive care to allow a comprehensive treatment approach that potentially improves quality of life, reduces anxiety and instils hope for recovery. It is hoped that acupuncture practitioners treating patients with anorexia nervosa will refer to these guidelines and apply the guidance (as deemed appropriate). Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Neurofeedback in the Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa: a Case Report].

Science.gov (United States)

Lackner, N; Unterrainer, H F; Skliris, D; Wood, G; Dunitz-Scheer, M; Wallner-Liebmann, S J; Scheer, P J Z; Neuper, C

2016-02-01

Anorexia nervosa has been related to alterations in brain activity in terms of hyperactive EEG patterns. This case report illustrates the principles and results of a five-week neurofeedback treatment in a 29-year-old woman suffering from anorexia nervosa. A neurofeedback protocol to enhance alpha activity (8 - 12 Hz) was developed and conducted additionally to the standardized treatment for eating disorders in training sessions twice a week. Pre- and post-test measurements included resting state EEG measurements and a psychological test battery. The results show improvements from pre- to post-test in eating disorder psychopathology including psychological wellbeing, emotional competence, and eating behavior traits. In addition, a decrease in theta power (4 - 7 Hz), a well-known trait marker of anorexia nervosa, was measured. However, our data should be interpreted with caution because this is a single case study. Nevertheless, this report documents the practicability and method of neurofeedback as treatment adjunct in eating disorders from the clinical perspective. Although the use of neurofeedback in the treatment of anorexia nervosa is recommended in literature, empirical studies are still lacking. Randomized controlled trials to evaluate short- and long-term effects of neurofeedback are needed. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Significant Locus and Metabolic Genetic Correlations Revealed in Genome-Wide Association Study of Anorexia Nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Duncan, Laramie; Yilmaz, Zeynep; Gaspar, Helena; Walters, Raymond; Goldstein, Jackie; Anttila, Verneri; Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan; Ripke, Stephan; Thornton, Laura; Hinney, Anke; Daly, Mark; Sullivan, Patrick F; Zeggini, Eleftheria; Breen, Gerome; Bulik, Cynthia M

2017-09-01

The authors conducted a genome-wide association study of anorexia nervosa and calculated genetic correlations with a series of psychiatric, educational, and metabolic phenotypes. Following uniform quality control and imputation procedures using the 1000 Genomes Project (phase 3) in 12 case-control cohorts comprising 3,495 anorexia nervosa cases and 10,982 controls, the authors performed standard association analysis followed by a meta-analysis across cohorts. Linkage disequilibrium score regression was used to calculate genome-wide common variant heritability (single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]-based heritability [h 2 SNP ]), partitioned heritability, and genetic correlations (r g ) between anorexia nervosa and 159 other phenotypes. Results were obtained for 10,641,224 SNPs and insertion-deletion variants with minor allele frequencies >1% and imputation quality scores >0.6. The h 2 SNP of anorexia nervosa was 0.20 (SE=0.02), suggesting that a substantial fraction of the twin-based heritability arises from common genetic variation. The authors identified one genome-wide significant locus on chromosome 12 (rs4622308) in a region harboring a previously reported type 1 diabetes and autoimmune disorder locus. Significant positive genetic correlations were observed between anorexia nervosa and schizophrenia, neuroticism, educational attainment, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and significant negative genetic correlations were observed between anorexia nervosa and body mass index, insulin, glucose, and lipid phenotypes. Anorexia nervosa is a complex heritable phenotype for which this study has uncovered the first genome-wide significant locus. Anorexia nervosa also has large and significant genetic correlations with both psychiatric phenotypes and metabolic traits. The study results encourage a reconceptualization of this frequently lethal disorder as one with both psychiatric and metabolic etiology.

Resolving bulimia nervosa using an innovative neural therapy approach: two case reports.

Science.gov (United States)

Gurevich, Michael I; Chung, Myung Kyu; LaRiccia, Patrick J

2018-02-01

Conventional treatment of Bulimia Nervosa is long term, expensive, and often ineffective. Neural therapy holds promise for treating Bulimia Nervosa in a shorter term, lower cost, and more effective manner. Much of neural therapy involves the superficial injection of local anesthetic injections. Implementation into current practice would be feasible.

A Comparison of Eating Attitudes Between Vegans/Vegetarians and Nonvegans/Nonvegetarians in Terms of Orthorexia Nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Çiçekoğlu, Pınar; Tunçay, Güzin Yasemin

2018-04-01

This descriptive study was performed to compare signs of orthorexia nervosa and eating habits and attitudes of vegans/vegetarians and nonvegans/nonvegetarians. The study sample included 62 people, of whom 31 were vegan/vegetarian and 31 were nonvegan/nonvegetarian. Data were gathered with a personal characteristics form, Orthorexia Nervosa Evaluation Scale-11, Eating Attitudes Test-40 and Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory. There were not any significant differences between scores for Orthorexia Nervosa Evaluation Scale-11, Eating Attitudes Test-40 and Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (p>0,05). As scores for Orthorexia Nervosa Evaluation Scale-11 decreased, predisposition to orthorexia nervosa increased. Therefore, although correlation coefficients were negative, they were considered positive. There was a significant, negative relation between Eating Habits Test-40 scores and Orthorexia Nervosa Evaluation Scale-11 scores (r=-0.290, p=0.002) and between Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory scores and Orthorexia Nervosa Evaluation Scale-11 scores (r=-0.319, p=0.012). As poor eating habits and obsessive symptoms increased, so did orthorectic symptoms. In light of obtained results, it seems that people become vegan/vegetarian mainly for ethical reasons and that veganism/vegetarianism is not associated with obsession of healthy eating. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Sintesis in situ de nanopartículas de peróxido de zinc sobre fibras de plátano con potencial en la industria textil

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María Estefanía Ballesteros García

2017-09-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo de investigación plantea un desarrollo entorno al manejo de residuos en los cultivos de plátano, siendo una idea sostenible con respecto a la extracción y adquisición de fibras con cualidades innovadoras que posean nanopartículas (NPs de ZnO2 como la capacidad antimicrobiana. La finalidad de la investigación fue la de nanoestructurar fibras provenientes de residuos del plátano con NPs de peróxido de zinc como una propuesta sostenible, teniendo en cuenta factores de optimización en procesos para la síntesis de las nanopartículas. Los resultados más relevantes se obtuvieron en la prueba física microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM, en donde se destaca el tamaño nanométrico de las partículas sintetizadas de 94 nm. Se demostró el factor hidrofóbico de las fibras de plátano por encima de las fibras de algodón.

Could Dopamine Agonists Aid in Drug Development for Anorexia Nervosa?

OpenAIRE

Frank, Guido K. W.

2014-01-01

Anorexia nervosa is a severe psychiatric disorder most commonly starting during the teenage-years and associated with food refusal and low body weight. Typically there is a loss of menses, intense fear of gaining weight, and an often delusional quality of altered body perception. Anorexia nervosa is also associated with a pattern of high cognitive rigidity, which may contribute to treatment resistance and relapse. The complex interplay of state and trait biological, psychological, and social ...

Anorexia nervosa following sexual harassment on the internet: a case report.

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Gáti, Agnes; Tényi, Tamás; Túry, Ferenc; Wildmann, Márta

2002-05-01

Sexual abuse may be a risk factor for the development of anorexia nervosa. No information is available on sexual abuse through the Internet and its connection to the development of eating disorders. We report on a case of an adolescent female with the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, whose symptomatology correlated significantly with an incident of sexual harassment experienced via the Internet. A case of on-line harassment suffered without off-line follow-up is reported to have led to a restrictive type of anorexia nervosa, where the symptomatology was connected to a "computer scatology" like persecution of our patient. A causal connection of the on-line sexual harassment suffered and development of eating disorder is reported. Copyright 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Anorexia nervosa versus hyperinsulinism: therapeutic effects of neuropharmacological manipulation

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Fuad Lechin

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Fuad Lechin1,2, Bertha van der Dijs1,2, Betty Pardey-Maldonado1, Scarlet Baez1, Marcel E Lechin31Sections of Neuroendocrinology, Neuropharmacology, and Neurochemistry, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas; 2Instituto de Vias Digestivas Caracas, Centro Clínico Profesional Caracas, Venezuela; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Texas, USABackground: We have demonstrated that anorexia nervosa is underpinned by overwhelming adrenal sympathetic activity which abolishes the neural sympathetic branch of the peripheral autonomic nervous system. This physiological disorder is responsible for gastrointestinal hypomotility, hyperglycemia, raised systolic blood pressure, raised heart rate, and other neuroendocrine disorders. Therefore, we prescribed neuropharmacological therapy to reverse this central and autonomic nervous system disorder, in order to normalize the clinical and neuroendocrine profile.Methods: The study included 22 female patients with anorexia nervosa (10 restricted type, 12 binge-eating type who received three months of treatment with amantadine 100 mg/day. We measured blood pressure, heart rate, and circulating neurotransmitters, (noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, platelet serotonin, free plasma serotonin during supine resting, one minute of orthostasis, and a five-minute exercise test before and after one, two, and three months of treatment with amantadine, a drug which abrogates adrenal sympathetic activity by acting at the C1(Ad medullary nuclei responsible for this branch of the peripheral sympathetic activity.Results: We found the amantadine abolished symptoms of anorexia nervosa from the first oral dose onwards. Normalization of autonomic and cardiovascular parameters was demonstrated within the early days of therapy. Abrupt and sustained increases in the plasma noradrenaline

Teores de fibra e rendimento de grãos em populações de feijão Fiber content and yield grain in common bean populations

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Patrícia Medianeira Grigoletto Londero

2008-02-01

Full Text Available O desenvolvimento de cultivares de feijão com alto potencial de produtividade e maior teor de fibra é desejável, por isso objetivou-se neste trabalho investigar a presença de variabilidade genética para o teor de fibra e para o rendimento de grãos em populações segregantes de feijão do grupo preto. Os cruzamentos possíveis entre os genitores CNFP 8100, FT 96-1282, Varre-Sai e BRS Valente foram realizados em casa-de-vegetação. As populações obtidas (F1, F1 recíprocos, F2 e RC e os genitores foram avaliados a campo durante a primavera/verão de 2003/04, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso. Apesar de ter-se utilizado genitores contrastantes para teor de fibra bruta, definidos em experimento prévio, não foram detectadas diferenças significativas para fibra bruta, fibra solúvel, fibra insolúvel, fibra alimentar total e rendimento de grãos. Assim, não foi possível obter populações segregantes com variabilidade genética, a partir dos cruzamentos entre os genitores CNFP 8100, FT 96-1282, BRS Valente e Varre-Sai. As populações obtidas apresentaram altos teores de fibra alimentar solúvel, insolúvel e total.The development of bean cultivars with high grain yield and high dietary fiber content is desirable, thus objective of this study was to evaluate genetic variability for fiber content and grain yield in segregant populations of the black common bean. Crossings were performed inside a greenhouse among the parents CNFP 8100, FT 96-1282, Varre Sai and BRS Valente. The populations obtained (F1, F1 reciprocals, F2 and RC and parents were assessed in the field during spring/summer 2003/04, using a complete randomized blocks experimental design. Significant differences were not obtained for crude fiber, soluble fiber, insoluble fiber, dietary fiber and grain yield, although contrast parents were used. In this go, it was not possible to obtain segregant populations with genetic variability of the crossing among the parents CNFP 8100

Postprandial oxytocin secretion is associated with severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms in anorexia nervosa.

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Lawson, Elizabeth A; Holsen, Laura M; Santin, McKale; DeSanti, Rebecca; Meenaghan, Erinne; Eddy, Kamryn T; Herzog, David B; Goldstein, Jill M; Klibanski, Anne

2013-05-01

Anorexia nervosa, a psychiatric disorder characterized by self-induced starvation, is associated with endocrine dysfunction and comorbid anxiety and depression. Animal data suggest that oxytocin may have anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. We have reported increased postprandial oxytocin levels in women with active anorexia nervosa and decreased levels in weight-recovered women with anorexia nervosa compared to healthy controls. A meal may represent a significant source of stress in patients with disordered eating. We therefore investigated the association between postprandial oxytocin secretion and symptoms of anxiety and depression in anorexia nervosa. We performed a cross-sectional study of 35 women (13 women with active anorexia nervosa, 9 with weight-recovered anorexia nervosa, and 13 healthy controls). Anorexia nervosa was diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Serum oxytocin and cortisol and plasma leptin levels were measured fasting and 30, 60, and 120 minutes after a standardized mixed meal. The area under the curve (AUC) and, for oxytocin, postprandial nadir and peak levels were determined. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). The study was conducted from January 2009 to March 2011. In women with anorexia nervosa, oxytocin AUC and postprandial nadir and peak levels were positively associated with STAI trait and STAI premeal and postmeal state scores. Oxytocin AUC and nadir levels were positively associated with BDI-II scores. After controlling for cortisol AUC, all of the relationships remained significant. After controlling for leptin AUC, most of the relationships remained significant. Oxytocin secretion explained up to 51% of the variance in STAI trait and 24% of the variance in BDI-II scores. Abnormal postprandial oxytocin secretion in women with anorexia nervosa is associated with increased symptoms of anxiety and depression. This

Schizophrenia and anorexia nervosa - reciprocal relationships. A literature review.

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Morylowska-Topolska, Justyna; Ziemiński, Rafał; Molas, Agnieszka; Gajewski, Jacek; Flis, Marta; Stelmach, Ewa; Karakuła-Juchnowicz, Hanna

2017-04-30

Although schizophrenia and anorexia nervosa are seemingly very distinct psychiatric disorders, their symptoms are connected by various types of relationships. The present article reviews the literature and recapitulates the views of various authors on the links between these two disorders. Symptoms of anorexia may 1) precede the onset of psychosis; 2) evolve in its active phase or more rarely manifest in remission; and, conversely, 3) psychotic symptoms may occur transiently in the course of anorexia nervosa. When anorexia precedes the manifestation of psychosis, symptoms of anorexia can be treated as a component of the prodromal phase of schizophrenia. Another possibility of co-existence of a psychosis (e.g., schizophrenia) with anorexia is when the eating disorder syndrome manifests at the same time as the full-blown psychotic syndrome. In such cases, when the symptoms of the two disorders occur simultaneously, it is often difficult to say whether the patient is suffering from schizophrenia, in the course of which anorexia has arisen secondary to psychotic symptoms or whether he/she is suffering from anorexia during which he/she has developed psychotic symptoms, usually thematically associated with eating. Studies published so far, mainly case reports, point to the complex nature of the interrelationships between schizophrenia and anorexia nervosa. Further research is needed to conclusively explain the relationships between psychotic disorders and anorexia nervosa, which would allow physicians to use more effective methods of treatment in this group of patients.

Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder in Midlife and Beyond.

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Elran-Barak, Roni; Fitzsimmons-Craft, Ellen E; Benyamini, Yael; Crow, Scott J; Peterson, Carol B; Hill, Laura L; Crosby, Ross D; Mitchell, James E; Le Grange, Daniel

2015-08-01

We examined eating disorders in midlife and beyond by comparing frequency of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) among midlife eating disorder treatment-seeking individuals and younger controls. We also compared demographic and eating disorder-related characteristics across diagnoses and age groups. Participants included 2,118 treatment-seeking adults who self-reported their eating-related symptoms on the Eating Disorder Questionnaire. Results showed that percent of patients with BN was significantly lower whereas percent of patients with BED and OSFED was significantly higher among midlife relative to younger patients. Percent of patients with AN did not differ between midlife and younger patients. Additionally, midlife and younger patients with BED and OSFED differed on several demographic (e.g., marital status) and eating disorder-related characteristics (e.g., BMI, compulsive exercising). This study suggests that BN is less common whereas BED and OSFED are more common among midlife eating disorder treatment-seeking individuals relative to younger controls. In addition, AN and BN present fairly similarly whereas BED and OSFED present fairly differently among midlife patients relative to younger controls. Attention to these differences and similarities is necessary to understand eating disorders in midlife.

Eating disorder not otherwise specified in an inpatient unit: the impact of altering the DSM-IV criteria for anorexia and bulimia nervosa.

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Dalle Grave, Riccardo; Calugi, Simona

2007-09-01

To evaluate (1) the Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) prevalence in an eating disorder inpatient unit; (2) the impact of altering the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa on the prevalence of EDNOS. One hundred and eighty six eating disorder patients consecutively hospitalised were included in the study. The prevalence of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and EDNOS was evaluated with the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE). The EDNOS prevalence was recalculated after the alteration of three diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa and one for bulimia nervosa. Seventy eight patients (41.9%) met the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, 33 (17.8%) for bulimia nervosa and 75 (40.3%) for EDNOS. The alteration of the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria reduced the prevalence of EDNOS to 28 cases (15%). EDNOS is a very frequent diagnostic category in an inpatient setting. Altering the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa reduced significantly the prevalence of EDNOS. 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association

La fibra óptica y el fenómeno no lineal mezcla de cuarta onda

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Fabián Gómez López

2015-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN Para aprovechar de mejor manera el ancho de banda que tiene la fibra óptica, los sistemas de comunicaciones ópticos han tenido que aumentar la potencia de transmisión de las señales para poder transportar a grandes distancias la información. Debido a lo anterior, comienzan a producirse ciertos fenómenos ópticos no lineales como la mezcla de cuarta onda (Four Wave Mixing, FWM, que degradan la señal de información. En este documento se realiza un estado del arte de la fibra óptica y un estudio del fenómeno no lineal FWM, que se genera cuando dos o más señales ópticas se propagan en la fibra, lo cual conlleva a una mezcla de señales que puede generar nuevos componentes de interferencia de la señal óptica transmitida. ABSTRACT To make better use of the bandwidth that has the optical fiber, optical communications systems have had to increase the transmission power of signals to transport information over long distances. Because of this, certain nonlinear optical phenomena such as four wave mixing (Four Wave Mixing, FWM, which degrade the information signal begin to occur. Herein a state of the art of optical fiber and a study of the nonlinear FWM phenomenon, which is generated when two or more optical signals propagating in the fiber takes place, which leads to a mixture of signals that can generate new components interference of the transmitted optical signal.

A case of anorexia nervosa in an elderly man.

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Malik, Fahd; Wijayatunga, Uditha; Bruxner, George M

2014-06-01

To explore aspects of anorexia nervosa occurring in older populations, especially men, by reviewing the literature and presenting a case study of an elderly man with unexplained vomiting and weight loss. The literature is reviewed and an illustrative case study of an elderly man with unexplained vomiting and weight loss is described. Anorexia nervosa is an uncommon cause of unexplained weight loss in the elderly, but may be under-recognized and associated with a high level of mortality. © The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2014.

Resolving bulimia nervosa using an innovative neural therapy approach: two case reports

OpenAIRE

Gurevich, Michael I.; Chung, Myung Kyu; LaRiccia, Patrick J.

2017-01-01

Key Clinical Message Conventional treatment of Bulimia Nervosa is long term, expensive, and often ineffective. Neural therapy holds promise for treating Bulimia Nervosa in a shorter term, lower cost, and more effective manner. Much of neural therapy involves the superficial injection of local anesthetic injections. Implementation into current practice would be feasible.

Evaluación del comportamiento de vigas en voladizo de concreto reforzado con fibras ante la aplicación de cargas cíclicas

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Daniel Ruiz

2015-04-01

Full Text Available El concreto es un material frágil con poca resistencia a la tensión y que no desarrolla grandes deformaciones en el rango inelástico. Para mejorar estas propiedades mecánicas del concreto, en las últimas décadas se han usado adiciones de fibras en aplicaciones estructurales en Colombia, Suramérica. En este documento los autores presentan el comportamiento mecánico de vigas en voladizo hechas con tres diferentes mezclas de concreto: una de concreto normal y dos con dos diferentes porcentajes de adición de fibras de acero (adiciones de fibras metálicas en una proporción de 15 kg/m³ y 30 kg/m³. Todas las vigas fueron ensayadas con desplazamientos cíclicos que fueron aplicados con un actuador dinámico. Todas las vigas fueron ensayadas para evaluar sus ciclos de histéresis y su capacidad de disipación de energía. Con base en los resultados y para el mismo nivel de desplazamiento, las vigas de concreto reforzado adicionado con fibras disiparon 160% más energía que las elaboradas con concreto reforzado normal. Adicionalmente las fibras metálicas disminuyeron la cantidad y la longitud de las grietas y las fisuras para grandes desplazamientos. Estas características pueden ser benéficas para aplicaciones estructurales específicamente para mejorar el desempeño sísmico de estructuras de concreto.

An Integrative Bio-Psycho-Social Theory of Anorexia Nervosa.

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Munro, Calum; Randell, Louise; Lawrie, Stephen M

2017-01-01

The need for novel approaches to understanding and treating anorexia nervosa (AN) is well recognized. The aim of this paper is to describe an integrative bio-psycho-social theory of maintaining factors in AN. We took a triangulation approach to develop a clinically relevant theory with face validity and internal consistency. We developed theoretical ideas from our clinical practice and reviewed theoretical ideas within the eating disorders and wider bio-psycho-social literature. The synthesis of these ideas and concepts into a clinically meaningful framework is described here. We suggest eight key factors central to understanding the maintenance and treatment resistance of anorexia nervosa: genetic or experiential predisposing factors; dysfunctional feelings processing and regulation systems; excessive vulnerable feelings; 'feared self' beliefs; starvation as a maladaptive physiological feelings regulation mechanism; maladaptive psychological coping modes; maladaptive social behaviour; and unmet physical and psychological core needs. Each of these factors serves to maintain the disorder. The concept of universal physical and psychological core needs can provide an underpinning integrative framework for working with this distinctly physical and psychological disorder. This framework could be used within any treatment model. We suggest that treatments which help address the profound lack of trust, emotional security and self-acceptance in this patient group will in turn address unmet needs and improve well-being. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The concept of unmet physical and psychological needs can be used as an underlying integrative framework for understanding and working with this patient group, alongside any treatment model. A functional understanding of the neuro-biological, physiological and psychological mechanisms involved in anorexia nervosa can help patients reduce self-criticism and shame. Fears about being or becoming fat, greedy, needy

Anorexia nervosa versus hyperinsulinism: therapeutic effects of neuropharmacological manipulation

Science.gov (United States)

Lechin, Fuad; van der Dijs, Bertha; Pardey-Maldonado, Betty; Baez, Scarlet; Lechin, Marcel E

2011-01-01

Background: We have demonstrated that anorexia nervosa is underpinned by overwhelming adrenal sympathetic activity which abolishes the neural sympathetic branch of the peripheral autonomic nervous system. This physiological disorder is responsible for gastrointestinal hypomotility, hyperglycemia, raised systolic blood pressure, raised heart rate, and other neuroendocrine disorders. Therefore, we prescribed neuropharmacological therapy to reverse this central and autonomic nervous system disorder, in order to normalize the clinical and neuroendocrine profile. Methods: The study included 22 female patients with anorexia nervosa (10 restricted type, 12 binge-eating type) who received three months of treatment with amantadine 100 mg/day. We measured blood pressure, heart rate, and circulating neurotransmitters, (noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, platelet serotonin, free plasma serotonin) during supine resting, one minute of orthostasis, and a five-minute exercise test before and after one, two, and three months of treatment with amantadine, a drug which abrogates adrenal sympathetic activity by acting at the C1(Ad) medullary nuclei responsible for this branch of the peripheral sympathetic activity. Results: We found the amantadine abolished symptoms of anorexia nervosa from the first oral dose onwards. Normalization of autonomic and cardiovascular parameters was demonstrated within the early days of therapy. Abrupt and sustained increases in the plasma noradrenaline:adrenaline ratio and disappearance of abnormal plasma glucose elevation were registered throughout the three-month duration of the trial. Significant and sustained increases in body weight were documented in all cases. No relapses were observed. Conclusion: We have confirmed our previously published findings showing that the anorexia nervosa syndrome depends on the hypomotility of the gastrointestinal tract plus hyperglycemia, both of which are triggered by adrenal sympathetic hyperactivity. The above

Safe refeeding management of anorexia nervosa inpatients: an evidence-based protocol.

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Hofer, Michael; Pozzi, Antonio; Joray, Maya; Ott, Rebecca; Hähni, Florence; Leuenberger, Michéle; von Känel, Roland; Stanga, Zeno

2014-05-01

Anorexia nervosa is associated with several serious medical complications related to malnutrition, severe weight loss, and low levels of micronutrients. The refeeding phase of these high-risk patients bears a further threat to health and potentially fatal complications. The objective of this study was to examine complications due to refeeding of patients with anorexia nervosa, as well as their mortality rate after the implementation of guidelines from the European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. We analyzed retrospective, observational data of a consecutive, unselected anorexia nervosa cohort during a 5-y period. The sample consisted of 65 inpatients, 14 were admitted more than once within the study period, resulting in 86 analyzed cases. Minor complications associated with refeeding during the first 10 d (replenishing phase) were recorded in nine cases (10.5%), four with transient pretibial edemas and three with organ dysfunction. In two cases, a severe hypokalemia occurred. During the observational phase of 30 d, 16 minor complications occurred in 14 cases (16.3%). Six infectious and 10 non-infectious complications occurred. None of the patients with anorexia nervosa died within a follow-up period of 3 mo. Our data demonstrate that the seriousness and rate of complications during the replenishment phase in this high-risk population can be kept to a minimum. The findings indicate that evidence-based refeeding regimens, such as our guidelines are able to reduce complications and prevent mortality. Despite anorexia nervosa, our sample were affected by serious comorbidities, no case met the full diagnostic criteria for refeeding syndrome. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Relapse prevention in anorexia nervosa: Experiences of patients and parents.

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Berends, Tamara; van de Lagemaat, Marleen; van Meijel, Berno; Coenen, Jasmijn; Hoek, Hans W; van Elburg, Annemarie A

2018-03-24

One of the main aims of treatment after successful recovery from anorexia nervosa (AN) is to prevent a relapse. The Guideline Relapse Prevention (GRP) Anorexia Nervosa offers a structured approach to relapse prevention. This study explores how patients and their parents experience working with the guideline. It also describes the factors that support or hinder successful application of the guideline. A descriptive qualitative research design was chosen involving in-depth interviews with seventeen patients with anorexia nervosa and six sets of parents. Patients and family members were generally satisfied with the support provided by the GRP. It contributed significantly to a better understanding of the personal process of relapse. Patients and families valued being able to keep in touch with their professional during the aftercare programme. The GRP supports the patient's use of self-management strategies for relapse prevention. © 2018 Australian College of Mental Health Nurses Inc.

Mindfulness in Anorexia Nervosa: An Integrated Review of the Literature.

Science.gov (United States)

Dunne, Julie

Anorexia nervosa is a serious psychiatric illness with limited evidenced-based treatment options. Mindfulness appears useful in many conditions, but few studies focus on its use in individuals with anorexia nervosa. To examine and summarize studies of mindfulness in individuals with anorexia nervosa and identify areas for future research. An integrated review was conducted by searching health care computerized databases. Results were mixed among the eight studies that met inclusion criteria. Multimodal mindfulness-based therapies appear effective, while brief interventions may be equally useful or result in greater anxiety compared to distraction. Qualitative data support that some participants feel mindfulness is challenging but beneficial. Mindfulness as a concurrent part of therapy and/or when routinely practiced may be more clinically useful than single-episode mindful eating interventions. Due to the complexity of the concept of mindfulness and limited existing data, additional research is needed.

Effect of calcined clay on aging of sisal short fiber reinforced mortar

OpenAIRE

Farias Filho, João de; Toledo Filho, Romildo D.; Lima, Paulo R. L.

2010-01-01

O interesse pelo uso de fibras vegetais como reforço de matrizes, à base de cimento, tem crescido em todo o mundo nos últimos anos, sendo limitado pela baixa durabilidade das fibras no meio alcalino. Com o tempo, as fibras podem mineralizar devido à migração de hidróxido de cálcio (CH) da matriz para o lúmen e paredes das fibro-células. Procurou-se consumir, no presente estudo, o CH livre utilizando-se resíduo de tijolo moído e metacaulinita em substituição parcial, de 20 e 40% em peso, do ci...

AVALIAÇÃO DE PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DA MADEIRA DE Eucalyptus urograndis SECOS

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João Marcelo Soares Pereira

2017-04-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades mecânicas de cisalhamento e compressão de corpos de prova de Eucalyptus urograndis secos. Os seis corpos de prova utilizados no estudo foram retirados de peças de calços com quatorze anos de idade, para cada ensaio mecânico: cisalhamento (fv0, compressão paralela às fibras (fc0 e normal às fibras (fc90. Os valores médios de resistência obtidos nos ensaios de cisalhamento, compressão paralela às fibras e normal às fibras foram 10,30 MPa, 59,17 MPa e 9,20 MPa, respectivamente. Todos os valores obtidos alcançaram valores médios acima da referência estabelecidos pela NBR 7190 (1997.

A new service model for the treatment of severe anorexia nervosa in the community: the Anorexia Nervosa Intensive Treatment Team

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Munro, Calum; Thomson, Victoria; Corr, Jean; Randell, Louise; Davies, Jennie E.; Gittoes, Claire; Honeyman, Vicky; Freeman, Chris P.

2014-01-01

Aims and method A community intensive treatment service for severe anorexia nervosa is described. The service is multidisciplinary but driven by a focus on psychological formulation. Psychological and dietetic interventions are grounded in a process of active risk management. Evaluations of safety, cost and acceptability of the service are described. Results Patients are highly satisfied with their care. A relatively low mortality rate for such a high-risk population was observed. In-patient bed use and costs were substantially reduced. Clinical implications There is a case for greater use of intensive community care for patients with severe anorexia nervosa, as it can be acceptable to patients, relatively safe and cost less than admission. PMID:25285220

Produção de mudas de tomateiro em substratos contendo fibra de coco e pó de rocha

OpenAIRE

Sampaio,Regynaldo A; Ramos,Sílvio J; Guilherme,Denílson O; Costa,Cândido A da; Fernandes,Luiz Arnaldo

2008-01-01

Com o objetivo de avaliar proporções dos resíduos fibra de coco (FC) e pó de rocha de granito (RG) como substratos na produção de mudas de tomateiro, cultivar Kada Gigante, realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação na UFMG-ICA. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por uma testemunha e seis proporções de fibra de coco (FC) e pó de rocha de granito (RG): T1 - Substrato comercial Hortimix®; T2 - 0% FC + 100% ...

Adolescent Boys and Anorexia Nervosa.

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Romeo, Felicia

1994-01-01

Notes that there has been steady increase in reported incidence of male adolescents with anorexia nervosa, from approximately 5% in 1985 to as much as 10% in 1987. Considers role of educators and counselors in early identification of this disorder, noting that young anorectic males have better prognosis for recovery if they receive treatment in…

Bulimics with and without Prior Anorexia Nervosa: A Comparison of Personality Characteristics.

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Katzman, Melanie A.; Wolchik, Sharlene A.

A controversial issue in the literature on eating disorders is whether or not bulimia is a disorder distinct from anorexia nervosa. To compare the personality and behavioral characteristics of bulimic women with and without prior anorexia nervosa, 14 female college students (mean age 19.6 years, 86 percent white) were divided into two groups…

Anorexia nervosa: uma revisão

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Eder Schmidt

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Os autores apresentam uma revisão de alguns pontos de vista com relação à anorexia nervosa. Alinham-se aspectos classificatórios, históricos, clínicos e terapêuticos. Reconhecida como a base para ocorrências místicas na Idade Média, foi entendida como uma apresentação histérica no século XVII, para tornar-se, logo em seguida, objeto das indagações freudianas. Discute-se a anorexia como uma apresentação da estrutura histérica, aqui abordada a partir dos conceitos freudianos sobre histeria, Édipo e feminino, e considerando-se o corpo físico como um mero suporte para articulações simbólicas. Para Freud, a anorexia nervosa seria um quadro pelo qual a histérica exprime sua aversão à sexualidade.

The role of body image and self-perception in anorexia nervosa: the neuroimaging perspective.

Science.gov (United States)

Esposito, Roberto; Cieri, Filippo; di Giannantonio, Massimo; Tartaro, Armando

2018-03-01

Anorexia nervosa is a severe psychiatric illness characterized by intense fear of gaining weight, relentless pursuit of thinness, deep concerns about food and a pervasive disturbance of body image. Functional magnetic resonance imaging tries to shed light on the neurobiological underpinnings of anorexia nervosa. This review aims to evaluate the empirical neuroimaging literature about self-perception in anorexia nervosa. This narrative review summarizes a number of task-based and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in anorexia nervosa about body image and self-perception. The articles listed in references were searched using electronic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) from 1990 to February 2016 using specific key words. All studies were reviewed with regard to their quality and eligibility for the review. Differences in brain activity were observed using body image perception and body size estimation tasks showing significant modifications in activity of specific brain areas (extrastriate body area, fusiform body area, inferior parietal lobule). Recent studies highlighted the role of emotions and self-perception in anorexia nervosa and their neural substrate involving resting-state networks and particularly frontal and posterior midline cortical structures within default mode network and insula. These findings open new horizons to understand the neural substrate of anorexia nervosa. © 2016 The British Psychological Society.

Refeeding Hypophosphatemia in Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa

Science.gov (United States)

Nicholls, Dasha

2013-01-01

The rate of adolescents presenting with anorexia nervosa (AN) is increasing. Medically unstable adolescents are admitted to the hospital for nutrition restoration. A lack of global consensus on appropriate refeeding practices of malnourished patients has resulted in inconsistent refeeding practices. Refeeding hypophosphatemia (RH) is the most common complication associated with refeeding the malnourished patient. This review sought to identify the range of refeeding rates adopted globally and the implication that total energy intake and malnutrition may have on RH while refeeding adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Studies were identified by a systematic electronic search of medical databases from 1980 to September 2012. Seventeen publications were identified, including 6 chart reviews, 1 observational study, and 10 case reports, with a total of 1039 subjects. The average refeeding energy intake was 1186 kcal/d, ranging from 125–1900 kcal/d, with a mean percentage median body mass index (% mBMI) of 78%. The average incidence rate of RH was 14%. A significant correlation between malnutrition (% mBMI) and post-refeeding phosphate was identified (R 2 = 0.6, P = .01). This review highlights the disparity in refeeding rates adopted internationally in treating malnourished adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Based on this review, the severity of malnutrition seems to be a marker for the development of RH more so than total energy intake. PMID:23459608

Resistência mecânica de compósitos cimentícios leves utilizando resíduos industriais e fibras de sisal Mechanical resistence of lightweight cement composites utilizing industrial residues and fibers of sisal

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Nivaldo T. de Arruda Filho

2012-08-01

Full Text Available A valorização de materiais alternativos incorporados com resíduos como opção ao convencional deve possibilitar a geração de um produto com qualidade, estética, produtividade e com potencial de reduzir impactos da poluição ambiental. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de desenvolver elementos construtivos para forro e divisórias, a partir de matrizes cimentícias com incorporação de resíduos industriais (resíduo cerâmico, etil vinil acetato - EVA e fibras de sisal. Desenvolveram-se técnicas de moldagem em matrizes cimentícias autoadensáveis e se avaliou a resistência mecânica dos novos compósitos. Uma placa com resíduos de EVA foi produzida e, através de trabalhos de reologia, encontrou-se a pasta matriz de revestimento desta placa, com teor adequado de adições pozolânicas e aditivo superplastificante. Avaliaram-se as resistências mecânicas das placas, da pasta matriz de revestimento encontrada, com e sem adição de fibras, e do novo compósito formado pela união desses dois elementos. Utilizou-se a técnica de alinhamento de fibras com o intuito de incrementar resistência ao novo compósito leve. A adição da matriz com fibras alinhadas melhorou a resistência a flexão do novo compósito.The appreciation of alternative materials incorporated in waste as an option to conventional material should enable to generate a product with quality, aesthetics, productivity and reduce the potential impacts of environmental pollution. This study aims to develop constructive elements for ceilings and walls from cementitious matrix incorporating industrial waste (ceramic waste, ethyl vinyl acetate - EVA and sisal fibers. Moulding techniques to produce self-compacting cementitious matrices were developed and the strength of the new composites were evaluated. A plate with EVA waste was produced and through rheology studies, a matrix plaster for coating of plate surface was found, with appropriate content of pozzolanic and

Characterization of Myocardial Repolarization Reserve in Adolescent Females With Anorexia Nervosa.

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Padfield, Gareth J; Escudero, Carolina A; DeSouza, Astrid M; Steinberg, Christian; Gibbs, Karen; Puyat, Joseph H; Lam, Pei Yoong; Sanatani, Shubhayan; Sherwin, Elizabeth; Potts, James E; Sandor, George; Krahn, Andrew D

2016-02-09

Patients with anorexia nervosa exhibit abnormal myocardial repolarization and are susceptible to sudden cardiac death. Exercise testing is useful in unmasking QT prolongation in disorders associated with abnormal repolarization. We characterized QT adaptation during exercise in anorexia. Sixty-one adolescent female patients with anorexia nervosa and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers performed symptom-limited cycle ergometry during 12-lead ECG monitoring. Changes in the QT interval during exercise were measured, and QT/RR-interval slopes were determined by using mixed-effects regression modeling. Patients had significantly lower body mass index than controls; however, resting heart rates and QT/QTc intervals were similar at baseline. Patients had shorter exercise times (13.7±4.5 versus 20.6±4.5 minutes; Panorexia nervosa. © 2016 American Heart Association, Inc.

Motivation to change, coping, and self-esteem in adolescent anorexia nervosa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pauli, Dagmar; Aebi, Marcel; Winkler Metzke, Christa

2017-01-01

BACKGROUND: Understanding motivation to change is a key issue in both the assessment and the treatment of eating disorders. Therefore, sound instruments assessing this construct are of great help to clinicians. Accordingly, the present study analysed the psychometric properties of the Anorexia...... Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire (ANSOCQ), including its relation to coping style and self-esteem. METHODS: N = 92 adolescents referred to an eating disorders outpatient clinic meeting criteria for anorexia nervosa gave written informed consent to participate in this study and completed the ANSOCQ......, the Eating Disorder Inventory, the Eating Attitudes Test, the Body Image Questionnaire, two questionnaires measuring Self-Related Cognitions and the Coping Across Situations Questionnaire. After a treatment period of nine months, clinical anorexia nervosa diagnosis and the body mass index were re...

Despliegue red fibra óptica hasta el hogar (FTTH)

OpenAIRE

Velasco de Miguel, Javier

2017-01-01

En este PFC se pretende dar una visión general de lo que es un despliegue FTTH presentando un caso teórico práctico. Está compuesto en 4 partes. En la primera parte se presenta una explicación de la evolución de las redes fijas de banda ancha llegando al uso actual de la fibra como medio de transmisión. Después, se desarrolla una parte teórica del funcionamiento y elementos presentes en las redes de comunicación ópticas. Explicaremos las partes en las que se divide la red FTTH, y se pre...

Efecto de la incorporación de fibras dietéticas en la calidad de panes para celíacos

OpenAIRE

Díaz Malmierca, Álvaro

2013-01-01

La investigación en la elaboración de panes sin gluten está muy avanzada, siendo el déficit en micronutrientes de estos productos uno de los problemas sobre el que se está centrando la investigación. Uno de los nutrientes más deficitarios, y que más problemas causa sobre la salud de los pacientes celíacos es la fibra dietética. En este estudio se ha investigado el efecto que produce la adición de un 10% de diferentes fibras sobre las características de los panes, la influencia ...

Contribución al desarrollo de sensores de temperatura y redes de sensores en tecnología de fibra óptica

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Madruga Saavedra, Francisco Javier

2006-01-01

Este trabajo de tesis recoge las contribuciones aportadas en el campo de los sensores de fibra óptica en tres ámbitos de trabajo. Un sistema sensor de alta temperatura sin contacto con transductores de fibras ópticas de sílice se ha presentado. Dos topologías de "ojo abierto" y "ojo cerrado" y un algoritmo de decodificación "pirometría de banda dual" propuesto en este trabajo son las novedosas aportaciones presentadas. El sistema ha sido validado en laboratorio y en pruebas de campo de forma ...

Contribución al desarrollo de sensores de temperatura y redes de sensores en tecnología de fibra óptica

OpenAIRE

Madruga Saavedra, Francisco Javier

2008-01-01

RESUMEN: Este trabajo de tesis recoge las contribuciones aportadas en el campo de los sensores de fibra óptica en tres ámbitos de trabajo. Un sistema sensor de alta temperatura sin contacto con transductores de fibras ópticas de sílice se ha presentado. Dos topologías de "ojo abierto" y "ojo cerrado" y un algoritmo de decodificación "pirometría de banda dual" propuesto en este trabajo son las novedosas aportaciones presentadas. El sistema ha sido validado en laboratorio y en pruebas de campo ...

Body representation disturbances in anorexia nervosa

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Keizer, A.

2014-01-01

One of the main symptoms of anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disturbed experience of body size and shape. Although patients are underweight, they experience their body as bigger than it in reality is. Previous studies were mainly conducted by (clinical) psychologists and psychiatrists, and almost

Dronabinol in severe, enduring anorexia nervosa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andries, Alin; Frystyk, Jan; Flyvbjerg, Allan

2014-01-01

The evidence for pharmacological treatment of severe, longstanding anorexia nervosa (AN) is sparse and the few controlled pharmacologic studies have focused on a narrow range of drugs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of treatment with a synthetic cannabinoid agonist...

EFECTO DE LA TEMPERATURA SOBRE LA RESISTENCIA A LA TRACCIÓN DE ALGUNOS REFUERZOS DE FIBRAS PARA MATRICES CERÁMICAS O POLIMÉRICAS EFEITO DA TEMPERATURA SOBRE A RESISTÊNCIA À TRAÇÃO DE ALGUNS REFORZOS DE FIBRAS PARA MATRIZES CERÁMICAS OU POLIMÉRICAS EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON TH E TENSILE STRENGTH OF SOME FIBER REINFORCEMENTS FOR CERAMIC OR POLYMER MATRICES

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MARYORY ASTRID GÓMEZ

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta un estudio de las propiedades termomecánicas de fibras de acero de bajo carbono, de acero inoxidable ASI-SAE 304, de aramida y de carbono. Además, se analizó el aspecto superficial de refuerzos de lana mineral de roca y lana de aluminosilicatos antes y después de someterlos a tratamientos térmicos a 1000 ºC. La resistencia a la tracción de las fibras se evaluó antes y después de someterlas a tratamientos térmicos a temperaturas de 400, 600, 800 y 1000 ºC dependiendo de la degradación que mostraran. Además, se efectuó un análisis termogravimétrico a cada tipo de fibra para determinar los cambios de peso a diferentes temperaturas. Las fibras de acero inoxidable mostraron la mayor estabilidad termomecánica, mientras que las fibras de aramida con tratamientos a 400 ºC mostraron propiedades mecánicas prácticamente nulas.Este artigo apresenta um estudo das propriedades termomecánicas de fibras de aço baixo carbono, de aço inoxidável ASI-SAE 304, de aramida e de carbono. Além disso, se analisou o aspecto superficial de reforços de lã mineral de rocha e lã de aluminosilicatos antes e depois que submetê-las a tratamentos térmicos a 1000 ºC. A resistência à tração das fibras se avaliou antes e depois de submetê-las a tratamentos térmicos a temperaturas de 400, 600, 800 e 1000 ºC dependendo da degradação que mostraram. Além disso, se efetuou uma análise termogravim étrica a cada tipo de fibra para determinar as mudanças de peso a diferentes temperaturas. As fibras de aço inoxidável mostraram a maior estabilidade termomecânica, enquanto as fibras de aramida com tratamentos a 400 ºC mostraram propriedades mecânicas praticamente nulas.This paper presents a study of the thermomechanical properties of low carbon steel, AISI-SAE 304 stainless steel, aramid and carbon fibers. Moreover, surface aspect of mineral rock wool of and aluminosilicate wool reinforcements was analyzed prior and after

Positive beliefs about anorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia are associated with eating disorder symptomatology.

Science.gov (United States)

Griffiths, Scott; Mond, Jonathan M; Murray, Stuart B; Touyz, Stephen

2015-09-01

The ego-syntonic nature of anorexia nervosa means that sufferers often deny their symptoms or experience them as positive or comforting. Positive beliefs about eating disorder symptoms may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of eating-disordered behaviour. To date, however, research in this field has been confined to women and anorexia nervosa. Given increasing scientific interest in muscle dysmorphia, a potential eating disorder with ego-syntonic qualities, there is a need to extend current research to include men and muscle dysmorphia. The present study examined whether positive beliefs about anorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia were associated with more marked eating disorder symptoms and explored sex differences in these associations. Male and female university students (n = 492) read descriptions of a male or female character with clinically significant symptoms of anorexia nervosa or muscle dysmorphia. Participants subsequently answered questions about the characters and completed a measure of disordered eating. Knowledge, personal history and interpersonal familiarity with the conditions were assessed. Results from two simultaneous multiple regressions showed that more positive beliefs about anorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia were uniquely associated with more eating disorder symptoms for both male and female participants. Effect sizes for these relationships were medium to large (partial eta-squared = 0.09-0.10). The relationships were not moderated by the sex of the participant, nor the sex of the character. Although preliminary, these findings suggest that, among young men and women, positive beliefs about anorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia may contribute to the development and maintenance of these conditions. Some symptoms of muscle dysmorphia may be perceived as ego-syntonic, providing another parallel with anorexia nervosa. © The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2015.

Exploring scientific legitimacy of orthorexia nervosa: a newly emerging eating disorder

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Chaki, Biswajit; Pal, Sangita; Bandyopadhyay, Amit

2013-01-01

Eating disorders are a range maladaptive eating behaviours characterized by highly restrictive and unhealthy food intake patterns that lead to variety of psychiatric, physiological and health complications such as depression, anxiety, and personality disorders etc. Many of these psychological eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa have been recognized as disease by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV) of American psychiatric association. How...

Historical evolution of the concept of anorexia nervosa and relationships with orthorexia nervosa, autism, and obsessive-compulsive spectrum

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Dell'Osso L

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Liliana Dell’Osso,1 Marianna Abelli,1 Barbara Carpita,1 Stefano Pini,1 Giovanni Castellini,2 Claudia Carmassi,1 Valdo Ricca2 1Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, 2Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy Abstract: Eating disorders have been defined as “characterized by persistence disturbance of eating or eating-related behavior that results in the altered consumption or absorption of food and that significantly impairs health or psychosocial functioning”. The psychopathology of eating disorders changed across time under the influence of environmental factors, determining the emergence of new phenotypes. Some of these conditions are still under investigation and are not clearly identified as independent diagnostic entities. In this review, the historic evolution of the eating disorder concept up to the recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, has been evaluated. We also examined literature supporting the inclusion of new emergent eating behaviors within the eating disorder spectrum, and their relationship with anorexia, autism, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. In particular, we focused on what is known about the symptoms, epidemiology, assessment, and diagnostic boundaries of a new problematic eating pattern called orthorexia nervosa that could be accepted as a new psychological syndrome, as emphasized by an increasing number of scientific articles in the last few years. Keywords: anorexia nervosa, autism spectrum disorders, eating disorders spectrum, obsessive–compulsive spectrum, orthorexia nervosa, DSM-5

Mapa de preferência de sorvetes ricos em fibras Preference map of high-fiber ice cream

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Regiane Lopes de Sales

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Quatro amostras de sorvete foram preparadas adicionando-se diferentes concentrações de granola e Frutooligossacarídeo (FOS. Foi avaliado o teor de fibras segundo método AOAC. A avaliação da aceitabilidade sensorial foi realizada por 78 consumidores, com idade entre 15 e 25 anos. Estes avaliaram a aceitação global das formulações, utilizando a escala hedônica de nove pontos, em uma única seção, de forma monádica. O experimento foi estruturado segundo delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizados. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, ao teste de médias de Tuckey e à metodologia do Mapa de Preferência interno para análise dos componentes principais. As amostras controle e as adicionadas de FOS tiveram melhor aceitação. A amostra contendo somente FOS foi a que mais se aproximou do produto tradicional, não diferindo significativamente quanto à aceitação global. A granola distinguiu-se estatisticamente do produto tradicional. O teor de fibras analisado foi superior ao fornecido pelo fabricante da granola. As concentrações de fibras nos sorvetes variaram de 0,9 a 5,45 g.100 g-1 de sorvete, com a maior concentração de fibras provenientes do FOS. Esse resultado permite concluir que o FOS é um ingrediente promissor no desenvolvimento de produtos ricos em fibras.Four samples of ice cream were prepared with four different concentrations of granola and fructooligosaccharide (FOS. The concentration of fiber was evaluated using the AOAC method. The acceptance evaluation was conducted by 78 consumers between 15 and 25 years of age. The consumers evaluated the global acceptance of the formulations through the structured 9-point hedonic scale, in a single section, in a monadic form. The experiment was structured by a Randomized Complete Block Design. The results were submitted to the analysis of variance, Tukey test, and to the preference mapping technique for principal component analysis. The control samples

Neuropsychological function in patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.

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Weider, Siri; Indredavik, Marit Saebø; Lydersen, Stian; Hestad, Knut

2015-05-01

This study explored the neuropsychological performance of patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN) compared with healthy controls (HCs). An additional aim was to investigate the effect of several possible mediators on the association between eating disorders (EDs) and cognitive function. Forty patients with AN, 39 patients with BN, and 40 HCs who were comparable in age and education were consecutively recruited to complete a standardized neuropsychological test battery covering the following cognitive domains: verbal learning and memory, visual learning and memory, speed of information processing, visuospatial ability, working memory, executive function, verbal fluency, attention/vigilance, and motor function. The AN group scored significantly below the HCs on eight of the nine measured cognitive domains. The BN group also showed inferior performance on six cognitive domains. After adjusting for possible mediators, the nadir body mass index (lowest lifetime BMI) and depressive symptoms explained all findings in the BN group. Although this adjustment reduced the difference between the AN and HC groups, the AN group still performed worse than the HCs regarding verbal learning and memory, visual learning and memory, visuospatial ability, working memory, and executive functioning. Patients with EDs scored below the HCs on several cognitive function measures, this difference being most pronounced for the AN group. The nadir BMI and depressive symptoms had strong mediating effects. Longitudinal studies are needed to identify the importance of weight restoration and treatment of depressive symptoms in the prevention of a possible cognitive decline. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Blood-letting in anorexia nervosa: a case study.

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Morgan, J F; Lacey, J H

2000-05-01

Deliberate blood-letting has been characterized as an alternative to purging behavior in bulimia. We describe a female healthcare worker with an 8-year history of restrictive anorexia nervosa, who initially presented with anemia, using blood-letting, cold baths, and starvation to control her mental state. In contrast with the previous cases of bulimia, the aim of blood-letting in this case of anorexia nervosa was to achieve anemia. She compared the psychic correlates of anemia to emaciation, rather than to deliberate self-harm or purging. We note that mainstream 19th century psychiatry prescribed "baths, blood-letting and diet" as a treatment of "madness." Copyright 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Elaboração de farofa de grãos, sementes oleaginosas e castanha de caju: composição de fibras, ácidos graxos e aceitação

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Elisângela Porfírio

2014-09-01

Full Text Available O trabalho objetivou a elaboração de farofa salgada, composta de sementes oleaginosas e castanha de caju, bem como a avaliação de seus atributos nutricionais, comparando-os às recomendações atuais de ingestão e sua aceitação sensorial. As matérias-primas utilizadas na elaboração da farofa foram: gergelim, linhaça dourada, girassol, soja tostada, aveia, flocos de milho, gérmen de trigo, castanha de caju, farinha de milho, óleo de girassol, tempero desidratado e sal. A análise sensorial foi realizada por 120 avaliadores, voluntários, não treinados, de ambos os sexos, frequentadores do campus. A análise físico-química foi realizada considerando teores de fibra alimentar total, solúvel, insolúvel; ácidos graxos; gorduras saturadas, monoinsaturadas, poli-insaturadas, trans; índice de peróxidos e estabilidade oxidativa. Quanto à fibra total, a porção de 30 g apresentou 11% dos valores diários recomendados; ácidos graxos ω-6 e ω-3, com proporção de 5:1, razão adequada segundo as recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde; ácido graxo oleico representou 15 g da composição lipídica do produto. Quanto à estabilidade, a farofa mostrou-se estável pelo método Rancimat e índice de peróxido aceitável pela legislação brasileira. Apresentou excelente aceitação entre os avaliadores, com 98% de aprovação e 89% de intenção de compra.

[An anorexia nervosa case and an approach to this case with pharmacotherapy and psychodrama techniques].

Science.gov (United States)

Ozdel, Osman; Ateşci, Figen; Oğuzhanoğlu, Nalan K

2003-01-01

Anorexia nervosa in an eating disorder that primarily affects female adolescents and is more commonly seen in westernized countries. Although it is a sociocultural problem of developed societies, nowadays it is also increasing rapidly in developing cultures such as Turkey. Difficulties in the treatment of anorexia nervosa have directed clinicians to understand the disorder better. Although it is well known that various factors play a role in the etiology of anorexia nervosa, psychodynamic factors also have considerable importance. In addition, social and familial interactions contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa. In the light of these facts, treatment with psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy might be used to cure this disorder. In this article, the definitive features and process of anorexia nervosa along with its psychodynamics were discussed on the basis of a case. In the treatment of the patient, psychodrama techniques with drugs were thought to be useful. The patient became aware of the unfavourable relationship and improved by the use of this method. Thus she gained emotional-cognitive insight.

Detection and importance of laxative use in adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Turner, J; Batik, M; Palmer, L J; Forbes, D; McDermott, B M

2000-03-01

The frequency of laxative use in adolescents with anorexia nervosa is poorly described. This study of adolescents with anorexia nervosa examined self-report and biochemical screening methods for the detection of laxative use, the pattern of laxative use in this population over time, and the associated medical complications and psychopathology. Forty-three consecutive patients with anorexia nervosa were studied. Initial assessment encompassed psychiatric history, medical examination, and administration of the Eating Disorders Examination, Child Behavior Checklist, and Youth Self-Report. Biochemical investigations, including random urinary laxative screening, were performed at assessment and follow-up. The frequency of laxative use from self-report alone was 12%; combined with urine screening it was 19%. The frequency of laxative use increased to 32% with prospective follow-up. Medical complications were associated with laxative use at follow-up. Laxative use was associated with longer duration of disease and with higher scores on the Eating Disorders Examination subscale Eating Concern. Laxative use is common among adolescents with anorexia nervosa, and the risk of associated medical complications increases over time. Biochemical screening will improve detection of laxative use. Longer duration of illness and greater Eating Concern scores are associated with increased risk of laxative use, and monitoring patients at increased risk is important.

Family Patterns Associated with Anorexia Nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Grigg, Darryl N.; And Others

1989-01-01

Used family systems perspective to explore familial transactional patterns related to anorexia nervosa among 22 families with an anorexic child and 22 matched control families. Identified 7 family groups with unique family dynamics differentiating one from another. With no single family pattern characterizing families of anorexics, results…

Increased reverse T/sub 3/ concentration in patients with anorexia nervosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baranowska, B.; Kaniewski, M.; Zgliczynski, S. (Centrum Medyczne Ksztalcenia Podyplomowego, Warsaw (Poland))

1980-01-01

In 20 female patients with anorexia nervosa, aging 16 - 26 years, the thyroid function was estimated by +- determining TSH secretion in response to TRH, and serum thyroxine (T/sub 4/), 3,5,3'L-triiodothyronine (T/sub 3/) and 3,3',5'L-triiodothyronine (reverse T/sub 3/) concentrations. 14 healthy women of the same age were included into the control group. If compared with control group, a marked supression of TRH stimulated TSH secretion and a lowering of serum T/sub 3/ concentration was found in patients with anorexia nervosa. On the other hand, serum reverse T/sub 3/ concentration was markedly higher in patients with anorexia nervosa than in control ones. Gain of body weight leads to normalization of thyroid hormones level in the serum. Obtained results show for peripheral mechanism of described hormonal disorders.

Theory of mind in bulimia nervosa.

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Kenyon, Martha; Samarawickrema, Nelum; Dejong, Hannah; Van den Eynde, Frederique; Startup, Helen; Lavender, Anna; Goodman-Smith, Emily; Schmidt, Ulrike

2012-04-01

This study aimed to investigate theory of mind (ToM) in individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN), an area neglected by empirical research despite social functioning difficulties in this disorder and evidence of ToM deficits in people with anorexia nervosa (AN). ToM was assessed in 48 BN and 34 Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified BN-type (EDNOS-BN) outpatients and 57 healthy controls (HCs) using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes and the Reading the Mind in the Films (RMF), an ecologically valid task novel to BN research. Overall performance in BN and EDNOS-BN groups was equivalent to HCs on both tasks. Individuals with BN had enhanced negative emotion recognition on the RMF. Individuals with AN and BN have distinct socio-cognitive profiles. Further research into social cognition is required to establish the link between interpersonal difficulties and psychopathology in people with BN. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Plasma homovanillic acid in adolescents with bulimia nervosa.

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Castro-Fornieles, Josefina; Deulofeu, Ramón; Martínez-Mallen, Esteve; Baeza, Immaculada; Fernández, Lorena; Lázaro, Luisa; Toro, Josep; Vila, Montserrat; Bernardo, Miquel

2009-12-30

Dopaminergic abnormalities in bulimia nervosa have been reported in some studies, but results are not consistent across studies. In the present study, clinical characteristics, plasma level of homovanillic acid (pHVA) and two scales - the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) - were assessed in 36 adolescent bulimia nervosa patients (mean age16.3 years, S.D. 1.1) who were consecutively seen on an Eating Disorder Unit. Levels of pHVA were also measured in 16 healthy control adolescents from the general population. Patients had significantly higher mean pHVA than controls. Eighteen patients (50%) had a pHVA level equal to or higher than the mean of control subjects plus one standard deviation, and this group of patients had significantly higher mean BDI scores and non-significantly higher mean EAT scores, although they did not differ from the other patients in age, time elapsed since the onset of disorder, body mass index and number of binges or vomits. Moreover, in logistic regression analysis the BDI score proved to be an independent predictor of high pHVA. The level of pHVA is increased in bulimia nervosa patients with high scores on measures of depressive and eating symptomatology.

El Nopal fresco como fuente de fibra y calcio en panqués El Nopal fresco como fuente de fibra y calcio en panqués

OpenAIRE

José Eleazar Barboza- Corona; Victor Manuel Da Mota; Ernesto Camarena-Aguilar; Guadalupe Alanís- Guzmán; Rosa Inés Pineda Torres; Mayela Bautista-Justo

2012-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo fue utilizar nopal fresco en la formulación de panqués para incrementar su contenido de fibra dietética y calcio. Se desarrollaron cinco formulaciones de panqués utilizando nopal fresco (Opuntia amyclaea Tenore), 4 con sucralosa (una testigo sin nopal) y una con azúcar y nopal. Se evaluaron sensorialmente por 60 jueces no entrenados mediante la prueba de preferencia, utilizando una escala hedónica del 1 al 9. Se les determinó el contenido de proteína (Nx6.25), hume...

Tratamento cirúrgico das hérnias discais foraminais pela microdiscectomia artroscópica

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Machado Filho Pedro Vilela

2004-01-01

Full Text Available A hérnia discal lombar foraminal é extremamente incapacitante em relação à sintomatologia clínica. Nos últimos quarenta anos muitas alternativas foram propostas no tratamento dessa patologia. Vinte pacientes com essa síndrome radicular foram operados, via póstero-lateral, pela técnica da microdiscectomia artroscópica. O acompanhamento foi realizado com questionários de auto-avaliação pré-operatória e pós-operatória sendo obedecidos rigorosamente os critérios de inclusão e exclusão para a indicação cirúrgica. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 43 anos, com variação de 23 a 58 anos. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino (13 pacientes e freqüência percentual de 65% em relação ao masculino (7 pacientes e freqüência percentual de 35%. Todos os pacientes foram operados de hérnia discal lombar foraminal no nível entre as 4ª e 5ª vértebras lombares. Os resultados clínicos apresentaram um percentual de 75% de sucesso. Não ocorreram nesse estudo complicações, tais como: lesão nervosa motora, vascular ou discite bacteriana.

Olfaktorische Sensitivität und Geruchsperzeption bei Patientinnen mit Anorexia nervosa

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Kleehaupt, Eva

2011-01-01

Hintergrund und Ziele Die Pathogenese der Anorexia nervosa ist komplex und beinhaltet sowohl psychologische und soziologische, als auch neurobiologische Komponenten (Bulik et al. 2005; Bulik et al. 2006; Lask & Bryant-Waugh 1992). Dabei ist die Rolle des Geruchssinns in der Pathobiologie der Anorexia nervosa wenig erforscht, obwohl - wie im „Diagnostischen und Statistischen Manual Psychischer Störungen“ und in der „Internationalen Klassifikation psychischer Störungen“ beschrieben - eine gestö...

The role of BDNF, leptin, and catecholamines in reward learning in bulimia nervosa.

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Homan, Philipp; Grob, Simona; Milos, Gabriella; Schnyder, Ulrich; Eckert, Anne; Lang, Undine; Hasler, Gregor

2014-12-07

A relationship between bulimia nervosa and reward-related behavior is supported by several lines of evidence. The dopaminergic dysfunctions in the processing of reward-related stimuli have been shown to be modulated by the neurotrophin brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the hormone leptin. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, a reward learning task was applied to study the behavior of 20 female subjects with remitted bulimia nervosa and 27 female healthy controls under placebo and catecholamine depletion with alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT). The plasma levels of BDNF and leptin were measured twice during the placebo and the AMPT condition, immediately before and 1 hour after a standardized breakfast. AMPT-induced differences in plasma BDNF levels were positively correlated with the AMPT-induced differences in reward learning in the whole sample (P=.05). Across conditions, plasma brain derived neurotrophic factor levels were higher in remitted bulimia nervosa subjects compared with controls (diagnosis effect; P=.001). Plasma BDNF and leptin levels were higher in the morning before compared with after a standardized breakfast across groups and conditions (time effect; Pbulimia nervosa and controls. A role of leptin in reward learning is not supported by this study. However, leptin levels were sensitive to a depletion of catecholamine stores in both remitted bulimia nervosa and controls. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CINP.

Hipertrofia muscular em desenervaçao: relato de dois casos com estudo histoquímico e histométrico dos músculos normais e hipertróficos

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Lineu Cesar Werneck

1984-09-01

Full Text Available Relato de dois pacientes do sexo masculino, com 31 e 24 anos de idade, que apresentavam hipertrofia muscular localizada no membro inferior esquerdo, cuja investigação revelou sinais de desenervação pela eletromiografia. Foram submetidos a biópsia muscular no lado normal e no hipertrófico, processadas por histoquímica. Posteriormente, foi calculado o diâmetro médio das fibras, percentagem de tipo específico de fibras, fatores de atrofia e hipertrofia, bem como foi feita análise histográfica dos tipos de fibras. Foi encontrada grande quantidade de fibras hipertróficas, raras fibras atróficas e, na diferenciação histoquímica, um dos pacientes apresentava hipertrofia de fibras do tipo II e o outro hipertrofia tanto de fibras do tipo I, como II. Pelo cálculo dos fatores de atrofia e hipertrofia, existia predominantemente hipertrofia de fibras do tipo II em ambos os quadriceps nos dois casos e hipertrofia de fibras do tipol no caso 2. São discutidos os fatores causadores de hipertrofia em desenervação sendo que no caso 1 a etiologia foi possivelmente radiculite de SI e, no caso 2, secundária a doença do neurônio motor inferior.

Eco-Systemic Analysis of Anorexia Nervosa.

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Sheppy, Margarette I.; And Others

1988-01-01

Tested eco-systemic approach to understanding of anorexia nervosa. Compared 30 anorexics and parents to 34 matched control subjects and parents. Found that, compared to controls, families of anorexics were less supportive, helpful, and committed to each other. Family interactions perceived by anorexics were characterized by overprotective,…

Biomarkører for anorexia nervosa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sjögren, Magnus

2017-01-01

Biomarkers for anorexia nervosa (AN) which reflect the pathophysiology and relate to the aetiology of the disease, are warranted and could bring us one step closer to targeted treatment of AN. Some leads may be found in the biochemistry which often is found disturbed in AN, although normalization...

DETERMINACIÓN DE LA FRACCIÓN INDIGERIBLE Y FIBRA DIETETICA EN FRUTAS Y VERDURAS DE MAYOR CONSUMO EN MÉXICO

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Trujillo Hernández, César Arnulfo

2015-01-01

La fibra dietética (FD) ha sido reconocida como una fracción indigerible de los alimentos, con repercusiones benéficas a la salud de quien la consume. En las últimas décadas ha cobrado gran interés entre el sector de la industria de alimentos, tanto como en el científico y de salud. Sin embargo, los métodos usados para cuantificarla no reflejan lo que ocurre en el sistema digestivo. Por lo tanto, el concepto de fibra dietética como los métodos de análisis ha venido en constante evolución. Una...

An examination of autism spectrum traits in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and their parents.

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Rhind, Charlotte; Bonfioli, Elena; Hibbs, Rebecca; Goddard, Elizabeth; Macdonald, Pamela; Gowers, Simon; Schmidt, Ulrike; Tchanturia, Kate; Micali, Nadia; Treasure, Janet

2014-01-01

There may be a link between anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorders. The aims of this study were to examine whether adolescents with anorexia nervosa have autism spectrum and/or obsessive-compulsive traits, how many would meet diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder, and whether these traits are shared by parents. A total of 150 adolescents receiving outpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa or subthreshold anorexia nervosa and their parents completed the autism spectrum disorder and eating disorder sections of the Development and Well-being Assessment. Patients also completed the Children Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and other measures of psychiatric morbidity, and parents completed the short Autism Quotient and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory Revised. Adolescents with anorexia nervosa had a below average social aptitude (19% below cut-off) and high levels of peer relationship problems (39% above cut-off) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (56% above cut-off). Six cases (4%, all females) were assigned a possible (n = 5) or definite (n = 1) diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Parental levels of autism spectrum and obsessive-compulsive traits were within the normal range. This study suggests that adolescents with anorexia nervosa have elevated levels of autism spectrum traits, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and a small proportion fulfil diagnostic criteria for a probable autism spectrum disorder. These traits did not appear to be familial. This comorbidity has been associated with a poorer prognosis. Therefore, adaptation of treatment for this subgroup may be warranted. Controlled-trials.com: ISRCTN83003225. Registered on 29 September 2011.

EVALUACIÓN QUIMICA DE LA FIBRA EN SEMILLA, PULPA Y CÁSCARA DE TRES VARIEDADES DE AGUACATE

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ADELA MARÍA CEBALLOS P

Full Text Available El sector agropecuario colombiano requiere integrarse al sector agroindustrial para aumentarle valor a sus productos y residuos. Utilizar residuos agrícolas y agroindustriales como materias primas para obtener metabolitos secundarios es tema de interés en investigación y busca dar respuestas al uso de esos residuos, mediante desarrollo de tecnologías aplicables al entorno colombiano. Se valoraron cáscara, semilla y pulpa de aguacate variedades Booth8, Trinidad y Papelillo en estados de madurez fisiológica (MF y consumo (MC. Se hizo caracterización bromatológica, contenido de fibra como carbohidratos solubles (CHOS, lignina LG, celulosa y hemicelulosa (CEL y HEMICEL y fibra bruta (FB según (Tappi Methods 1993, 1998, AOAC, 2001. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante ANOVA (P < 0,05 utilizando SAS V9.1. Los CHOS en los dos estados de madurez y para las tres variedades variaron entre 12-38% cáscara, 20-35% pulpa y 17-35% semilla; CEL y HEMICEL 8-50% cáscara, 7-26% pulpa, 1-5% semilla, los cuales pueden ser útiles como complementos de procesos biotecnológicos. La pulpa de las tres variedades tiene alto valor nutricional por sus contenidos de proteína, fibra y minerales. La composición de la cáscara y semilla podrían ser importantes para suplementos de dieta animal o como recuperador de suelos para la producción agrícola

Jane: A Case Study in Anorexia Nervosa.

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Willingham, Barbara

1988-01-01

The article reports the case history of a 15-year-old Australian girl with anorexia nervosa. Information is also given on prevalence, causes, definitions, and treatments including hospitalization, co-therapy, psychotherapy, behavior modification, family therapy, and counseling. (DB)

Construção e caracterização de um amplificador em fibra para pulsos ultracurtos em ʎ = 1.5 um

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ARIAS, Luis Alfredo Giraldo

2014-01-01

Lasers de pulsos ultracurtos baseados em fibras ópticas como meio de ganho constituem fortes candidatos para substituir lasers de estado sólido mais tradicionais, tais como o laser de Ti:safira. Uma das razões é o custo direto e outra é a possibilidade de compactação de sistemas que ocupam muito espaço e consomem quantidades significativas de energia. Um dos problemas de lasers baseados em fibras ópticas é que a potência óptica média disponível é relativamente baixa, da ordem d...

Importância da fibra na nutrição de coelhos Importance of fibre in rabbit nutrition

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Alexandra del Pilar Naranjo Herrera

2001-06-01

Full Text Available Os coelhos, por serem herbívoros não ruminantes, podem ser alimentados com considerável quantidade de alimentos fibrosos. No entanto, não apresentam eficiência tão grande para utilizar essa fibra sendo, nesse aspecto, inferior aos ruminantes e, inclusive, aos suínos. Por outro lado, a fibra, apesar de seu escasso valor nutritivo, apresenta valor lastre, sendo importante, pois, na regulação do trânsito da digesta e na prevenção de distúrbios digestivos. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é revisar alguns aspectos da composição química da fibra e de sua digestão pelos coelhos, bem como a sua relação com outros nutrientes da dieta, como proteína e energia.Rabbits are monogastric herbivorous that intake quantity significative of fibrous feed. However they not show efficiency to degrate this fibre, being less capacity, in this aspect, that ruminants and inclusively, of the swine. For other hand, the fibre have ballast value, being important in the transit digestive regulation and prevention of digestive disturb. Thus, the objetive of this paper is to review some aspects of chemistry composition of fibre and it's digestion for rabbits and it's relation with other components of diet like protein and energy.

Avaliação da substituição do milho pela mandioca e seus resíduos na digestibilidade aparente em novilhas confinadas Evaluation of cassava and its industrial residues replacing corn in the apparent digestibility for feedlot heifers

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Antônio Ferriani Branco

1999-11-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a substituição do milho pela casca de mandioca, farinha de varredura ou raspa de mandioca sobre a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (MS, matéria orgânica (MO, proteína bruta (PB, energia bruta (EB, fibra em detergente neutro (FDN, fibra em detergente ácido (FDA e amido (AM, utilizando a cinza insolúvel em ácido (CIA como indicador interno em novilhas confinadas. Foram utilizadas 28 novilhas mestiças, com aproximadamente 24 meses de idade e peso médio inicial de 365kg, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, nos quatro tratamentos e sete repetições. A substituição do milho pela raspa de mandioca aumentou o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da MS, PB, MO, EB e AM. O coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da FDN foi semelhante entre rações com casca e com raspa de mandioca. O coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da FDA foi menor para a ração com farinha de varredura e semelhante para as demais rações.The objective of this work was to study the effect of replacement of corn meal by cassava hulls, cassava meal or cassava roots on apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude energy, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and starch. Ash insoluble acid (AIAwas used as an internal indicator, in heifers. Twenty-eight crossbred heifers, averaging 365kg live weight and 24 months old, were used in a complete randomized design to test four diets with seven repetitions. The replacement of corn by cassava roots increased the apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude energy and starch. The apparent digestibility coefficient of the neutral detergent fiber was similar in diets with cassava hulls and diets with cassava roots. The apparent digestibility coefficient of the acid detergent fiber was smaller for cassava meal and similar for other diets.

A Comparison of Short- And Long-Term Family Therapy for Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa.

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Lock, James; Agras, W. Stewart; Bryson, Susan; Kraemer, Helena C.

2005-01-01

Objective: Research suggests that family treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa may be effective. This study was designed to determine the optimal length of such family therapy. Method: Eighty-six adolescents (12-18 years of age) diagnosed with anorexia nervosa were allocated at random to either a short-term (10 sessions over 6 months) or…

Neuropsychological and Cognitive Correlates of Recovery in Anorexia Nervosa.

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Harper, Jessica A; Brodrick, Brooks; Van Enkevort, Erin; McAdams, Carrie J

2017-11-01

To identify clinical or cognitive measures either predictive of illness trajectory or altered with sustained weight recovery in adult women with anorexia nervosa. Participants were recruited from prior studies of women with anorexia nervosa (AN-C) and in weight-recovery following anorexia nervosa (AN-WR). Participants completed a neuropsychological battery at baseline and clinical assessments at both baseline and follow-up. Groups based on clinical outcome (continued eating disorder, AN-CC; newly in recovery, AN-CR; sustained weight-recovery, AN-WR) were compared by using one-way ANOVAs with Bonferroni-corrected post hoc comparisons. Women with continued eating disorder had poorer neuropsychological function and self-competence at baseline than AN-CR. AN-CR showed changes in depression and externalizing bias, a measure of self-related attributions. AN-WR differed from both AN-CC and AN-CR at baseline in externalizing bias, but only from AN-CC at outcome. Neuropsychological function when recently ill may be a prognostic factor, while externalizing bias may provide a clinical target for recovery. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

Anorexia nervosa in a girl of Chinese origin: psychological, somatic and transcultural factors.

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Demarque, Mélissa; Guzman, Gabriela; Morrison, Elodie; Ahovi, Jonathan; Moro, Marie Rose; Blanchet-Collet, Corinne

2015-04-01

The increased prevalence of anorexia nervosa reported in non-Western societies inevitably raises the issue of the influence of cultural factors in the genesis and the patterns of this disorder. Anorexia nervosa is not a straightforward Western culture-bound syndrome, although an influence of Western ideals of thinness does exist. The illness seems more related to rapid cultural shifts, either societal or individual, such as those occurring in the migratory process. Migrants and their children have to face the acculturation process and may experience a culture-clash. The pathology can also fulfil a positive acculturative function. This is a case study concerning a second-generation Chinese girl born in France presenting with anorexia nervosa. This case leads us to raise the issue of the choice of diagnostic criteria in relation to cultural background. We will also discuss the impact of the family's migratory history on the construction of identity in adolescence. Finally we will explore the specific features of care provision for anorexia nervosa in a transcultural setting. © The Author(s) 2013.

Predictors of bone mineral density reduction in adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

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Castro, J; Lázaro, L; Pons, F; Halperin, I; Toro, J

2000-11-01

To determine which variables are associated with a significant reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescent anorexia nervosa and to establish guidelines for indication of bone densitometry. One hundred seventy patients (treated from 1997 until 1999), aged 10 to 17 years, with a DSM-IV diagnosis of anorexia nervosa were evaluated by dual-energy-x-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and the femoral neck. The results were compared with the normative data for BMD values by age and sex in Spanish adolescents. 44.1% of patients had osteopenia at the lumbar spine and 24.7% at the femoral neck. The following variables were related to osteopenia: more than 12 months since onset of the disorder (p anorexia nervosa patients with the characteristics outlined above are at high risk of reduced BMD, and densitometry is recommended to determine the degree of osteopenia.

Prognostic factors and outcome in anorexia nervosa: a follow-up study.

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Errichiello, Luca; Iodice, Davide; Bruzzese, Dario; Gherghi, Marco; Senatore, Ignazio

2016-03-01

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by food restriction, irrational fear of gaining weight and consequent weight loss. High mortality rates have been reported, mostly due to suicide and malnutrition. Good outcomes largely vary between 18 and 42%. We aimed to assess outcome and prognostic factors of a large group of patients with anorexia nervosa. Moreover we aimed to identify clusters of prognostic factors related to specific outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed data of 100 patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa previously hospitalized in a tertiary level structure. Then we performed follow-up structured telephone interviews. We identified four dead patients, while 34% were clinically recovered. In univariate analysis, short duration of inpatient treatment (p = 0.003), short duration of disorder (p = 0.001), early age at first inpatient treatment (p = 0.025) and preserved insight (p = 0.029) were significantly associated with clinical recovery at follow-up. In multiple logistic regression analysis, duration of first inpatient treatment, duration of disorder and preserved insight maintained their association with outcome. Moreover multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis allowed to identify different typologies of patients with specific features. Notably, group 1 was characterized by two or more inpatient treatments, BMI ≤ 14, absence of insight, history of long-term inpatient treatments, first inpatient treatment ≥30 days. While group 4 was characterized by preserved insight, BMI ≥ 16, first inpatient treatment ≤14 days, no more than one inpatient treatment, no psychotropic drugs intake, duration of illness ≤4 years. We confirmed the association between short duration of inpatient treatment, short duration of disorder, early age at first inpatient treatment, preserved insight and clinical recovery. We also differentiated patients with anorexia nervosa in well-defined outcome groups according to specific clusters of

Fractures in patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders--a nationwide register study.

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Vestergaard, Peter; Emborg, Charlotte; Støving, René K; Hagen, Claus; Mosekilde, Leif; Brixen, Kim

2002-11-01

To study fracture risk in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). Cohort study including all Danes diagnosed with AN (n = 2,149), BN (n = 1,294), or EDNOS (n = 942) between 1977 and 1998. Each patient was compared with three randomly drawn age- and gender-matched control subjects. Fracture risk was increased in AN after diagnosis compared to controls (incidence rate ratio: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.60-2.44), but not before. The increased fracture risk persisted more than 10 years after diagnosis. A significant increase in fracture risk was found before diagnosis in BN (1.31, 95% CI: 1.04-1.64), with a trend towards an increase after diagnosis (1.44, 95% CI: 0.93-2.22). EDNOS patients had a significant increase in fracture risk before (1.39, 95% CI: 1.06-1.81) and after diagnosis (1.77, 95% CI: 1.25-2.51). The increased fracture risk many years after diagnosis indicates permanent skeletal damage. Copyright 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Differential weight restoration on olanzapine versus fluoxetine in identical twins with anorexia nervosa.

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Duvvuri, Vikas; Cromley, Taya; Klabunde, Megan; Boutelle, Kerri; Kaye, Walter H

2012-03-01

No studies have compared the response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and atypical antipsychotics in anorexia nervosa. This case study examines such a comparison. This report describes a case of 12-year-old identical twins with anorexia nervosa, one of whom was treated with olanzapine and the other with fluoxetine, while undergoing family therapy. Twin A treated with fluoxetine went from 75 to 84.4% ideal body weight, while Twin B treated with olanzapine went from 72 to 99.9% ideal body weight over the course of 9 months. This case supports the need for adequately powered, controlled clinical trials to test the efficacy of olanzapine in adolescents presenting with anorexia nervosa. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Bulimia nervosa in adolescents: prevalence and treatment challenges

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Hail, Lisa; Le Grange, Daniel

2018-01-01

Bulimia nervosa (BN) is a serious psychiatric illness that typically develops during adolescence or young adulthood, rendering adolescents a target for early intervention. Despite the increasing research devoted to the treatment of youth with anorexia nervosa (AN) and adults with BN, there remains a dearth of evidence for treating younger individuals with BN. To date, there have been four published randomized controlled trials comparing psychosocial treatments, leaving significant room to improve treatment outcomes. Family-based treatment is the leading treatment for youth with AN, while cognitive-behavioral therapy is the leading intervention for adults with BN. Involving caregivers in treatment shows promising results, however, additional research is needed to investigate ways in which this treatment can be adapted further to achieve higher rates of recovery. PMID:29379324

[Etiology and therapy in anorexia nervosa (author's transl)].

Science.gov (United States)

Wurst, E

1976-01-01

ASPERGER (1963) mentioned as a very important etiological aspect of anorexia nervosa a desintegration of intellectual and thymical functions causing the fact, that these patients are not able to accept the role of an adult, especially that one of a woman. We discuss that statment in connexion with ERIKSON'S (1974) concept about "ego-identity" ("Ich-Identitat") and "negative-identity" ("negative Identitat"). The pathological family-structure seems to reinforce the situation and the existence of inadequate behavior of patients with anorexia nervosa, who are often introverted and predestinated for conditioning. The therapy of these patients should focuse on the development of ego-identity, including the treatment of the family members, the modification of the inadapted behavior and a special endocrinological therapy.

Early-onset anorexia nervosa in girls with Asperger syndrome

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Dudova I

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Iva Dudova, Jana Kocourkova, Jiri Koutek Department of Child Psychiatry, Charles University Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic Abstract: Eating disorders frequently occur in conjunction with autism spectrum disorders, posing diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. The comorbidity of anorexia nervosa and Asperger syndrome is a significant clinical complication and has been associated with a poorer prognosis. The authors are presenting the cases of an eleven-year-old girl and a five-and-a-half-year-old girl with comorbid eating disorders and Asperger syndrome. Keywords: eating disorders, early-onset anorexia nervosa, autism spectrum disorders, Asperger syndrome, diagnostics, therapy

Caracterización del inicio y crecimiento de grietas de interfaz entre fibra y matriz bajo cargas transversales biaxiales usando el modelo de interfaz elástica lineal-frágil

OpenAIRE

Távara Mendoza, Luis Arístides; Mantic, Vladislav; Graciani Díaz, Enrique; Blázquez Gámez, Antonio; París Carballo, Federico

2011-01-01

En el presente trabajo se estudia el inicio y crecimiento de una grieta de interfaz entre fibra y matriz bajo cargas transversales biaxiales de tracción - tracción y tracción - compresión. Se considera un problema simplificado en relación a una lámina unidireccional real, con una fibra inmersa en una matriz cuyas dimensiones externas son mucho más grandes que el radio de la fibra. El objetivo es predecir por un lado las cargas de fallo (cargas criticas) que originan el despegue en ...

Validity of the Eating Attitudes Test and the Eating Disorders Inventory in Bulimia Nervosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Gross, Janet; And Others

1986-01-01

Assessed criterion and concurrent validity of the Eating Attitudes Test and the Eating Disorder Inventory in 82 women with bulimia nervosa. Both tests demonstrated criterion validity by discriminating bulimia nervosa subjects from normals. Only weak support was found for concurrent validity within bulimia subjects. Recommends combination of…

Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia: A Research Review.

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Sweeten, Mary K.

1985-01-01

The eating disorders called anorexia nervosa and bulimia are examined in terms of their symptomatology, etiology, and treatment, and in terms of how the extension home economist or teacher can help. Resources for additional information or help are listed. (CT)

Basal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and cognitive function in anorexia nervosa.

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Seed, J A; Dixon, R A; McCluskey, S E; Young, A H

2000-01-01

Anorexia nervosa is associated with abnormalities in neuroendocrine function including sustained hypercortisolism, which has been shown elsewhere to be associated with impairment of function in learning, memory and attention. Cognitive impairment has also been observed in anorexia nervosa. These effects may be mediated in part through cortisol effects on the hippocampus, which is dense with glucocorticoid receptors. We investigated the association between cortisol levels and cognitive function in anorexia nervosa by measuring both 24-hour urinary cortisol counts and performance on tasks of learning, memory and attention in patients suffering from the disorder. Cortisol secretion was shown to be significantly higher in the patient group than in a matched control group and patients were also shown to be impaired in memory and attention. However, no correlations were found between the cognitive deficits and cortisol measures. It is suggested that more sensitive profiling of cortisol levels throughout the circadian cycle may be useful in future studies of cognitive function in anorexia nervosa.

Desarrollo de un material compuesto de fibras de henequén utilizando una matriz termofija//Development of Composite with Henequen´s fibres and termofix matrix

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Angel‐A. Rodríguez‐Soto

2014-08-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo fue obtenida la influencia de la proporción másica de las fibras de henequén como refuerzo sobre las propiedades mecánicas de resistencia a la tracción y al impacto de un material compuesto de matriz polimérica termoestable. Fueron encontradas muy semejantes, física y químicamente las fibras de dos regiones. Se analizaron las probetas mediante interferometría digitalpara detectar la presencia de defectos y se observaron las zonas de ruptura mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido. Fue determinado que el aumento de la inclusión de las fibras como refuerzoen el material aumenta las propiedades estudiadas llegando a su máximo en un 20 % de relación másica fibra-matriz. Se observó un aumento máximo del 53 % en la resistencia a la tracción y un aumento máximo del 88 % en el impacto respecto a la matriz pura.Palabras claves: PRF: plásticos reforzados con fibras, fibras naturales, interferometría digital.______________________________________________________________________________AbstractIn this work was obtained the influence of the mass ratio of the henequen’s fibers as reinforcing over the mechanical properties in traction an impact resistance of the composite with polymeric thermosetting matrix. Was found very similar physics and chemically, fibers from two regions of the country. Was analyzed the samples using digital interferometry searching for defects and was observed the region of rupture using electronic microscopy of sweeping. Was determined that theincrease of the inclusion of the fiber as reinforcement in this material cause the increase of the study properties, raising a maximum over the 20 % of the mass ratio in the relation fiber-matrix. Was observed an increasing over the 53 % in the resistance to traction and over 88 % in the impact resistance compare to the matrix alone.Key words: FRP: fiber reinforced plastics,natural fibers, digital interferometry.

Proceso artesanal de extracción, manejo y secado de las fibras naturales de banano (Musa paradisiaca en la Parroquia El Retiro de la Provincia de El Oro

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Linda Maldonado

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Ecuador es considerado un país bananero. En muchas de sus provincias existen grandes plantaciones de banano y que se aprovecha solo el fruto. Se desechan su pseudotallo y otras partes, que pocas veces se emplean como abono. El objetivo del  proyecto es darle un valor agregado a este  residuo, aprovechando toda la fibra natural que posee para utilizarla en la obtención de panelería y enchapes del tipo Fibra de densidad media, conocidos por su sigla en inglés MDF. El presente artículo tiene como propósito dar a conocer el proceso de extracción de las fibras de una forma absolutamente artesanal que se inicia a partir de la selección y corte del pseudotallo, su  desvainado y la separación  de cada uno de los tipos de fibras. Estas se clasifican en suaves, duras  y la denominada  malla. Una vez obtenidas las fibras, se procede a secarlas, se observan detenidamente y se tiene en cuenta las horas de exposición al sol, y las que permanecen a la sombra, prestando  especial atención  al color que adquieren  de acuerdo con la radiación solar, y el tiempo de cortado el pseudotallo. Se consideró aplicarle color a la fibra y se tiñó mediante un proceso de cocción, durante el cual se le agrega  tinte  vegetal  de color turquesa. Posteriormente concluimos que  para el objeto de nuestro estudio  no es necesario  que tengan colores  artificiales,  pero sí sería ideal, aumentar  la intensidad de su color natural después del secado, eso realzaría la textura de los paneles y enchapes que se desean obtener.

Efeito do tratamento das fibras nas propriedades do biocompósito de amido termoplástico/policaprolactona/sisal Effect of fiber treatments on properties of thermoplastic starch/polycaprolactone/sisal biocomposites

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Adriana de Campos

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Fibras de sisal com quatro tratamentos, a saber: fibra lavada com água, lavada com cicloexano/etanol, tratamento alcalino (NaOH e tratamento com peróxido alcalino (branqueamento, foram incorporadas na blenda amido termoplástico/policaprolactona 80/20 (TPS/PCL. As propriedades morfológicas, mecânicas e térmicas dos biocompósitos TPS/PCL/Sisal foram analisadas. Os compósitos com a fibra branqueada apresentaram os melhores resultados de resistência à tração e estabilidade térmica. Verificou-se também melhora da adesão fibra-matriz no compósito com a fibra branqueada, com aumento de 145% na resistência à tração.Sisal fibers treated with four methods, namely washing with water, washing with cyclohexane/ethanol, alkali treatment (NaOH and bleaching (alkaline peroxide treatment, were incorporated in thermoplastic starch/polycaprolactone 80/20 (TPS/PCL samples. Morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of TPS/PCL/Sisal biocomposites were analysed. The best results were obtained with the composite using the bleached fiber, which had improved tensile strength and thermal stability. An increased adhesion between the fiber and matrix was also observed with the bleached fiber, with 145% increase in the tensile strength

Anorexia nervosa, depression and suicidal thoughts among Chinese adolescents: a national school-based cross-sectional study

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Lian, Qiguo; Zuo, Xiayun; Mao, Yanyan; Luo, Shan; Zhang, Shucheng; Tu, Xiaowen; Lou, Chaohua; Zhou, Weijin

2017-01-01

Background Although there is much literature on adolescent suicide, combined effects of depression and anorexia nervosa on suicide were rarely investigated. The aims of this study are to examine the association between anorexia nervosa and suicidal thoughts and explore the interaction between anorexia nervosa and depression. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, in the study, a sample of 8,746 Chinese adolescents was selected by multistage stratified method in 2012/2013 from 20 middle scho...

The Impact of Alexithymia on Emotion Dysregulation in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa over Time.

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Brown, Tiffany A; Avery, Jade C; Jones, Michelle D; Anderson, Leslie K; Wierenga, Christina E; Kaye, Walter H

2018-03-01

Research supports that anorexia nervosa-restricting subtype (AN-R) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are associated with emotion regulation difficulties and alexithymia. However, the impact of diagnosis on the relationship between these constructs is less well understood. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether eating disorder diagnosis moderated the association between admission alexithymia and emotion regulation through discharge. Adult patients with AN-R (n = 54) and BN (n = 60) completed assessments at treatment admission and discharge from a partial hospital program. Eating disorder diagnosis moderated the association between admission alexithymia levels and change in global emotion dysregulation, impulse control difficulties and access to emotion regulation strategies. At higher levels of admission alexithymia, there were no differences between AN-R and BN on emotion dysregulation, whereas at lower levels of alexithymia, AN-R patients demonstrated lower levels of emotion dysregulation. Results imply that difficulties with alexithymia appear to have a greater impact on emotion dysregulation for AN-R patients. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

Anorexia nervosa versus bulimia nervosa: differences based on retrospective correlates in a case-control study.

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Machado, Bárbara C; Gonçalves, Sónia F; Martins, Carla; Brandão, Isabel; Roma-Torres, António; Hoek, Hans W; Machado, Paulo P

2016-06-01

This study is the result of two Portuguese case-control studies that examined the replication of retrospective correlates and preceding life events in anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) development. This study aims to identify retrospective correlates that distinguish AN and BN METHOD: A case-control design was used to compare a group of women who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for AN (N = 98) and BN (N = 79) with healthy controls (N = 86) and with other psychiatric disorders (N = 68). Each control group was matched with AN patients regarding age and parental social categories. Risk factors were assessed by interviewing each person with the Oxford Risk Factor Interview. Compared to AN, women with BN reported significantly higher rates of paternal high expectations, excessive family importance placed on fitness/keeping in shape, and negative consequences due to adolescent overweight and adolescent objective overweight. Overweight during adolescence emerged as the most relevant retrospective correlate in the distinction between BN and AN participants. Family expectations and the importance placed on keeping in shape were also significant retrospective correlates in the BN group.

Impact of hospitalisation on the outcome of adolescent anorexia nervosa.

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Gowers, S G; Weetman, J; Shore, A; Hossain, F; Elvins, R

2000-02-01

Owing to the lack of controlled trials of treatment setting in adolescent anorexia nervosa, the benefits and costs of in-patient treatment are not established. To clarify the relationship between a range of presenting features, treatment received and medium- to long-term outcome in adolescent anorexia nervosa. A range of presenting variables were rated for 75 cases of DSM-III-R anorexia nervosa at presentation to an adolescent service, including the Morgan-Russell Global Assessment Score. Cases were followed up at 2-7 years and outcome rated according to reliable methods. Setting of treatment received was also recorded. Two out of 75 cases had died by the time of follow-up. Adequate data for 72 enabled an outcome category to be assigned. The 21 who had received inpatient treatment had a significantly worse outcome than the 51 never admitted to hospital. Multivariate analysis suggests admission to be the major predictor of poor outcome. The benefits and costs of admission to hospital require further investigation, ideally in a randomised-controlled trial. The negative consequences of in-patient treatment are neglected in research.

Bone density of women who have recovered from anorexia nervosa.

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Hartman, D; Crisp, A; Rooney, B; Rackow, C; Atkinson, R; Patel, S

2000-07-01

To examine bone density in 19 women who had previously experienced classical anorexia nervosa from which they had been fully recovered for a mean of 21 years (current characteristics: median age 40.2 years; Eating Attitudes Test [EAT] score 2; body mass index [BMI] 21.1; average 1.8 offspring). Probands were compared, blindly, in respect of bone density, with 13 control subjects matched for age and sex and with no history of eating disorders. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and the head of the femur. Femur BMD was still significantly less among ex-anorectic sufferers. Two subjects had experienced pathological fractures while anorectic, both having been strenuous exercisers. None appeared to have suffered post illness fractures. BMD at follow-up did not relate to the severity or chronicity of previous anorexia nervosa. Full clinical recovery from anorexia nervosa does not quite confer full establishment of normal bone density. However, pathological fractures are not a feature thereafter, within middle life. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Core psychopathology in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A network analysis.

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Forrest, Lauren N; Jones, Payton J; Ortiz, Shelby N; Smith, April R

2018-04-25

The cognitive-behavioral theory of eating disorders (EDs) proposes that shape and weight overvaluation are the core ED psychopathology. Core symptoms can be statistically identified using network analysis. Existing ED network studies support that shape and weight overvaluation are the core ED psychopathology, yet no studies have estimated AN core psychopathology and concerns exist about the replicability of network analysis findings. The current study estimated ED symptom networks among people with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) and among a combined group of people with AN and BN. Participants were girls and women with AN (n = 604) and BN (n = 477) seeking residential ED treatment. ED symptoms were assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q); 27 of the EDE-Q items were included as nodes in symptom networks. Core symptoms were determined by expected influence and strength values. In all networks, desiring weight loss, restraint, shape and weight preoccupation, and shape overvaluation emerged as the most important symptoms. In addition, in the AN and combined networks, fearing weight gain emerged as an important symptom. In the BN network, weight overvaluation emerged as another important symptom. Findings support the cognitive-behavioral premise that shape and weight overvaluation are at the core of AN psychopathology. Our BN and combined network findings provide a high degree of replication of previous findings. Clinically, findings highlight the importance of considering shape and weight overvaluation as a severity specifier and primary treatment target for people with EDs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Association of Elevated Reward Prediction Error Response With Weight Gain in Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa.

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DeGuzman, Marisa; Shott, Megan E; Yang, Tony T; Riederer, Justin; Frank, Guido K W

2017-06-01

Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder of unknown etiology. Understanding associations between behavior and neurobiology is important in treatment development. Using a novel monetary reward task during functional magnetic resonance brain imaging, the authors tested how brain reward learning in adolescent anorexia nervosa changes with weight restoration. Female adolescents with anorexia nervosa (N=21; mean age, 16.4 years [SD=1.9]) underwent functional MRI (fMRI) before and after treatment; similarly, healthy female control adolescents (N=21; mean age, 15.2 years [SD=2.4]) underwent fMRI on two occasions. Brain function was tested using the reward prediction error construct, a computational model for reward receipt and omission related to motivation and neural dopamine responsiveness. Compared with the control group, the anorexia nervosa group exhibited greater brain response 1) for prediction error regression within the caudate, ventral caudate/nucleus accumbens, and anterior and posterior insula, 2) to unexpected reward receipt in the anterior and posterior insula, and 3) to unexpected reward omission in the caudate body. Prediction error and unexpected reward omission response tended to normalize with treatment, while unexpected reward receipt response remained significantly elevated. Greater caudate prediction error response when underweight was associated with lower weight gain during treatment. Punishment sensitivity correlated positively with ventral caudate prediction error response. Reward system responsiveness is elevated in adolescent anorexia nervosa when underweight and after weight restoration. Heightened prediction error activity in brain reward regions may represent a phenotype of adolescent anorexia nervosa that does not respond well to treatment. Prediction error response could be a neurobiological marker of illness severity that can indicate individual treatment needs.

Therapist adherence in the strong without anorexia nervosa (SWAN) study: A randomized controlled trial of three treatments for adults with anorexia nervosa.

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Andony, Louise J; Tay, Elaine; Allen, Karina L; Wade, Tracey D; Hay, Phillipa; Touyz, Stephen; McIntosh, Virginia V W; Treasure, Janet; Schmidt, Ulrike H; Fairburn, Christopher G; Erceg-Hurn, David M; Fursland, Anthea; Crosby, Ross D; Byrne, Susan M

2015-12-01

To develop a psychotherapy rating scale to measure therapist adherence in the Strong Without Anorexia Nervosa (SWAN) study, a multi-center randomized controlled trial comparing three different psychological treatments for adults with anorexia nervosa. The three treatments under investigation were Enhanced Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT-E), the Maudsley Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults (MANTRA), and Specialist Supportive Clinical Management (SSCM). The SWAN Psychotherapy Rating Scale (SWAN-PRS) was developed, after consultation with the developers of the treatments, and refined. Using the SWAN-PRS, two independent raters initially rated 48 audiotapes of treatment sessions to yield inter-rater reliability data. One rater proceeded to rate a total of 98 audiotapes from 64 trial participants. The SWAN-PRS demonstrated sound psychometric properties, and was considered a reliable measure of therapist adherence. The three treatments were highly distinguishable by independent raters, with therapists demonstrating significantly more behaviors consistent with the actual allocated treatment compared to the other two treatment modalities. There were no significant site differences in therapist adherence observed. The findings provide support for the internal validity of the SWAN study. The SWAN-PRS was deemed suitable for use in other trials involving CBT-E, MANTRA, or SSCM. The Authors. International Journal of Eating Disorders Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Consumo de fibra alimentar e de macronutrientes por crianças com constipação crônica funcional Fiber and nutrients intake in constipated children

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Rosane C. Gomes

2003-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Estimar o consumo de fibra alimentar e de macronutrientes por crianças com constipação crônica funcional atendidas em ambulatório especializado. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: O estudo caso-controle foi desenvolvido no Hospital de Pediatria da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil. Foram analisadas 54 crianças na faixa etária de 2 a 12 anos com constipação crônica funcional, pareadas por sexo e faixa etária com 50 crianças sem constipação (grupo-controle. A avaliação do consumo alimentar foi feita através do registro alimentar de 3 dias e a análise e adequação das dietas foram realizadas por programa informatizado. RESULTADOS: Em 59,3% dos casos a constipação teve início nos dois primeiros anos de vida. Não houve diferença quanto ao sexo no grupo com constipação, nem associação entre constipação e desnutrição nas crianças estudadas. A quantidade de alimentos ingerida por crianças com constipação foi menor quando comparada à do grupo-controle. O consumo médio diário de energia, proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios foi significativamente menor no grupo de crianças com constipação, assim como os percentuais de adequação calórica e protéica. A ingestão média de fibra alimentar total (g/dia foi estatisticamente menor no grupo com constipação (6,9 + 3,4 do que no grupo controle (8,6 + 4,2. A proporção de crianças consumindo menos fibra alimentar em relação ao mínimo recomendado pela Fundação Americana de Saúde (idade + 5 g foi maior no grupo com constipação (83,3% do que no grupo controle (66,0%. A odds ratio foi igual a 2,6. CONCLUSÕES: Houve menor consumo de fibra alimentar, de energia, proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios por crianças com constipação, assim como menor percentual de adequação calórica e protéica. O baixo consumo de fibra alimentar foi considerado como fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de constipação crônica funcional

Health status, physical activity, and orthorexia nervosa: A comparison between exercise science students and business students.

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Malmborg, Julia; Bremander, Ann; Olsson, M Charlotte; Bergman, Stefan

2017-02-01

Orthorexia nervosa is described as an exaggerated fixation on healthy food. It is unclear whether students in health-oriented academic programs, highly focused on physical exercise, are more prone to develop orthorexia nervosa than students in other educational areas. The aim was to compare health status, physical activity, and frequency of orthorexia nervosa between university students enrolled in an exercise science program (n = 118) or a business program (n = 89). The students completed the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and ORTO-15, which defines orthorexia nervosa as a sensitive and obsessive behavior towards healthy nutrition. The SF-36 showed that exercise science students scored worse than business students regarding bodily pain (72.8 vs. 82.5; p = 0.001), but better regarding general health (83.1 vs. 77.1; p = 0.006). Of 188 students, 144 (76.6%) had an ORTO-15 score indicating orthorexia nervosa, with a higher proportion in exercise science students than in business students (84.5% vs. 65.4%; p = 0.002). Orthorexia nervosa in combination with a high level of physical activity was most often seen in men in exercise science studies and less often in women in business studies (45.1% vs. 8.3%; p orthorexia nervosa in exercise science students may cause problems in the future, since they are expected to coach others in healthy living. Our findings may be valuable in the development of health-oriented academic programs and within student healthcare services. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Outcome of anorexia nervosa: eating attitudes, personality, and parental bonding.

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Bulik, C M; Sullivan, P F; Fear, J L; Pickering, A

2000-09-01

We examined eating attitudes, personality, and parental bonding in women with a history of anorexia nervosa stratified by degree of recovery in comparison to randomly selected controls. We were interested in the distinguishing characteristics of recovery and of chronic anorexia nervosa. All female new referrals to an eating disorders service between January 1, 1981 and December 31, 1984 with probable or definite anorexia nervosa were eligible for inclusion. 86.4% of these women ("cases") were located and agreed to participate. The control group was a random community sample. All subjects were interviewed with a structured diagnostic instrument and completed a battery of psychological inventories including the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). We divided the anorexia follow-up sample into full recovery (n = 21), partial recovery (n = 34), and chronically ill (n = 15) and compared them to community controls (n = 98). The chronically ill group was distinguished by a lower desired body mass index (BMI), higher cognitive restraint on the TFEQ, higher Drive for Thinness and Bulimia on the EDI, lower maternal and paternal care on the PBI, and high harm avoidance and low self-directedness on the TCI. The full recovery group scored high on self-directedness and cooperativeness on the TCI. The domains of personality, character, and parental bonding differ among categories of recovery in anorexia nervosa. Whether these differences contribute to recovery or emerge during recovery or lack thereof remains an unanswered question. Copyright 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Exploring experience of family relations by patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa using a projective family test.

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Fäldt Ciccolo, Erica B

2008-08-01

Elements of family dynamics have been shown to be related to onset, course, as well as prognosis of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The goal was to explore the experience of family relations in a group of patients with eating disorders using a projective family test. The Patient group (anorexia=21, bulimia=16), as well as a healthy Control group, were given a projective family test, the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, as well as Karolinska Scales of Personality. The Patient group expressed more discord within the family picture than the Control group, such as cold and loveless relationships and not feeling validated. The group of patients reporting the most family discord did not show more eating disorder pathology or general psychopathology. They did, however, have higher scores on the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 subscale Maturity Fears, as well as higher values on the Karolinska Scales of Personality subscale Socialization. These results are interpreted within the background of methodological challenges in this area of research.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy of Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa among Adolescents: A Case Series

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Salbach-Andrae, Harriet; Bohnekamp, Inga; Pfeiffer, Ernst; Lehmkuhl, Ulrike; Miller, Alec L.

2008-01-01

The aim of this study was to describe a case series of adolescents (mean age = 16.5 years, SD = 1.0) with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) who received dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Twelve outpatients with AN and BN took part in 25 weeks of twice weekly therapy consisting of individual therapy and a skills training group.…

Caracterização química e estrutural de fibra de sisal da variedade Agave sisalana Chemical and structural characterization of sisal fibers from Agave sisalana variety

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Adriana R. Martin

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Nos últimos anos, o interesse pelo uso de fibras naturais em materiais compósitos poliméricos tem aumentado significativamente. Neste trabalho foram investigadas as propriedades, químicas, físicas, térmicas e estruturais da fibra de sisal brasileira da variedade Agave sisalana. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade e o desempenho desta fibra para aplicações industriais. Foram realizados ensaios de resistência à tração, análise da composição química, difração de raios X, e estudos por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV ao longo do comprimento da fibra. A fibra de sisal brasileira apresentou propriedades mecânicas e térmicas dentro da faixa relatada na literatura, mostrando-se adequada para ser utilizada em materiais compósitos poliméricos.In recent years, the interest in the use of natural fibers in polymeric composite materials has increased significantly. In this work were investigated the structural, thermal, chemical, and physical properties of Brazilian sisal fiber from Agave sisalana variety. Our aim was to evaluate the quality and the performance of this fiber for industrial applications. Mechanical properties, chemical composition, X ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM have been investigated with fibers along their length. The Brazilian sisal fibers studied have exhibited mechanical and thermal properties within the range reported in the literature and were suitable for use in polymeric composites.

EFECTOS DE LA ADICIÓN DE FIBRA DE POLIPROPILENO EN LAS PROPIEDADES PLÁSTICAS Y MECÁNICAS DEL CONCRETO HIDRÁULICO

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Armas Aguilar, César Hugo; Universidad Señor de Sipán SAC

2016-01-01

Se estudió experimentalmente los efectos de la adición de fibra de polipropileno en las propiedades plásticas (asentamiento, contenido de aire, peso unitario, temperatura y potencial de fisuración) y mecánicas (compresión y flexión) del concreto hidráulico en la región Lambayeque, mediante adiciones de fibra en dosis de 0, 200, 300 y 400 gr/m³ de concreto de resistencias a la compresión de 175, 210 y 280 kg/cm². Se utilizó agregado fino y grueso (piedra de ½ pulg.) de las canteras La Victoria...

Estudio del comportamiento en zonas sísmicas del hormigón pretensado con refuerzo de fibras = Study of the behavior in seismic zones of reinforced prestressed concrete

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Eugenia Soledad Carbel

2016-12-01

Full Text Available El hormigón pretensado reforzado con fibras, presenta simultáneamente las ventajas de los hormigones pretensados y de los reforzados con fibras. Se consigue un material de altas prestaciones en cuanto a su tenacidad, ductilidad y resistencia a la tracción, como así también para mejorar las características de agrietamiento y de deformación de los elementos estructurales del hormigón causados por solicitaciones sísmicas. En este trabajo se ha estudiado el comportamiento mecánico de un hormigón pretensado reforzado con fibras de acero y de poliamida , y su capacidad de resistir las grandes fuerzas de inercia causadas por las solicitaciones sísmicas. Para una evaluación comparativa se presentan ensayos de corte cíclico entre muros estructurales construidos con hormigón convencional y los reforzados con fibras, mediante modelos de histéresis. Los resultados muestran la variación de respuesta del hormigón con el tiempo, la diferencia existente con los hormigones tradicionales y la viabilidad del empleo de fibras. Comprobando que la adición de fibras en el hormigón armado convencional puede mejorar las actuaciones estructurales y funcionales, de las estructuras de hormigón relacionadas a las acciones sísmicas, a su vez las fibras de acero son más eficaces en mejorar el rendimiento de corte de PCCV que fibras de poliamida. Abstract Prestressed concrete reinforced with fibers, simultaneously presents the advantages of prestressed concrete and reinforced with fibers. It achieves a high performance material in terms of its toughness, ductility and tensile strength, as well as to improve the cracking and deformation characteristics of the structural elements of the concrete caused by seismic stresses. In this work the mechanical behavior of a prestressed concrete reinforced with steel and polyamide fibers and its ability to withstand the large forces of inertia caused by seismic stresses has been studied. For a comparative evaluation

Two diagnoses become one? Rare case report of anorexia nervosa and Cushing’s syndrome

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Sawicka N

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Nadia Sawicka,* Maria Gryczyńska,* Jerzy Sowiński, Monika Tamborska-Zedlewska, Marek Ruchała Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland*These authors contributed equally to this workAbstract: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis impairment in anorexia nervosa is marked by hypercortisolemia, and psychiatric disorders occur in the majority of patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Here we report a patient diagnosed with anorexia nervosa who also developed Cushing’s syndrome. A 26-year-old female had been treated for anorexia nervosa since she was 17 years old, and also developed depression and paranoid schizophrenia. She was admitted to the Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Internal Medicine with a preliminary diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome. Computed tomography revealed a 27 mm left adrenal tumor, and she underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy. She was admitted to hospital 6 months after this procedure, at which time she did not report any eating or mood disorder. This is a rare case report of a patient with anorexia nervosa in whom Cushing’s syndrome was subsequently diagnosed. Diagnostic difficulties were caused by the signs and symptoms presenting in the course of both disorders, ie, hypercortisolemia, osteoporosis, secondary amenorrhea, striae, hypokalemia, muscle weakness, and depression.Keywords: anorexia nervosa, Cushing’s syndrome, adrenalectomy, osteoporosis

Unusual Presentation of Uncommon Disease: Anorexia Nervosa Presenting as Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome—A Case Report from Southeast Asia

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Mushtaq, Raheel; Shoib, Sheikh; Shah, Tabindah; Bhat, Mudasir; Singh, Randhir; Mushtaq, Sahil

2014-01-01

Anorexia nervosa presenting as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is rare. The causes of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome are multiple like alcohol abuse, thyrotoxicosis, haemodialysis, severe malnutrition because of gastric carcinoma and pyloric obstruction, hyperemesis gravidarum, and prolonged parenteral feeding. We report a case of anorexia nervosa, who presented with Wernicke's encephalopathy and progressed to Korsakoff's syndrome. Knowledge, awareness, and early intervention of anorexia nervosa...

[Anorexia nervosa: a model of malnutrition].

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Rigaud, D

2000-11-01

Anorexia nervosa is a typical kind of malnutrition resulting from chronic starvation. The malnutrition is related to a severe eating disorder (fear of eating and becoming fat) causing reduction of food intake. The large majority of the patients are women (95%). There are two types of anorexia nervosa with different prognosis and treatment: the restricting type and the "purging" type (with or without bulimia). In this kind of malnutrition, plasma nutritional markers are normal. The decrease in energy intake induces an adaptative decrease in energy expenditure. Body weight loss is related to a loss in fat free mass and in fat mass, although there is an increase in extracellular water. Below a body mass index of 15 kg/(m)(2), sodium and water retention require prescription of a low sodium diet. Several factors of resistance are operating in this disease, acting against body weight gain: metabolic wasting of energy expenditure (futile cycles), fear-related energy expenditure, dissimulations. Recovery is still long and difficult to obtain and requires a combined nutritional and psychotherapeutic approach.

COMPORTAMENTO EM COMPRESSÃO DE ARGAMASSAS REFORÇADAS COM FIBRAS NATURAIS. I RELAÇÃO TENSÃO-DEFORMAÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL E PROCESSO DE FRATURA

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Romildo Dias Toledo Filho

Full Text Available RESUMO Esta é a primeira parte de um artigo dividido em duas partes e visa avaliar, analítica e experimentalmente, o comportamento em compressão de argamassas reforçadas com fibras naturais. No presente artigo pretende-se mostrar, de forma experimental, como a adição de fibras de sisal e coco afeta, em várias frações volumétricas e comprimentos, o comportamento tensão-deformação, em compressão, de duas matrizes de argamassa. A influência dessas fibras no processo de fratura das argamassas é também avaliada. O efeito da substituição parcial do cimento Portland (OPC por micro- sílica e escória de alto forno no comportamento dos compósitos é também discutido. Os resultados indicam que a adição de fibras naturais reduziu a resistência a compressão das matrizes em cerca de 18% a 32% e, de forma desprezível o seu módulo de elasticidade mas, não modificou, de forma significativa, o coeficiente de Poisson. Por outro lado, as fibras confinaram o material retardando a propagação da primeira fissura e aumentando a tenacidade pós-carga de pico do material. Com relação ao processo de fratura da argamassa, os resultados indicam que, até a tensão de ruptura, o efeito da adição de fibras de sisal e coco é similar às características produzidas pelo acréscimo da quantidade de areia na matriz de argamassa. A substituição parcial de OPC por escória e micro-sílica conduziu a misturas com uma resistência a compressão ligeiramente mais alta que a das preparadas apenas com OPC. A substituição do OPC resultou tanto na redução quanto no aumento do módulo de elasticidade, enquanto o coeficiente de Poisson não foi modificado significativamente.

Avaliação da determinação da fibra em detergente neutro e da fibra em detergente ácido pelo sistema ANKOM

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Berchielli Telma Teresinha

2001-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar os valores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN e os de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA obtidos com o equipamento ANKOM e pelo método convencional (Van Soest. No primeiro ensaio foram analisados cinco materiais diferentes (cana-de-açúcar, capim-braquiária, silagem de milho, polpa cítrica e fezes bovina e testados quatro tipos de saquinhos para filtragem de amostra. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em um fatorial 5x4 (cinco materiais diferentes e quatro tipos de saquinhos de filtragem, com três repetições. As médias obtidas foram comparadas àquelas obtidas com método convencional. No segundo ensaio procurou-se avaliar o efeito da quantidade de amostra por saquinho (0,5; 0,8 e 1,0 g sobre os teores de FDN e FDA em três tipos de alimentos, utilizando o ANKOM. Neste ensaio, o delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x3 (três alimentos x três quantidades, com três repetições. Os tipos de saquinhos de filtragem utilizados não influenciaram os teores de FDN nos diferentes alimentos, com exceção das fezes, cujos saquinhos de náilon resultaram em concentrações de FDN inferiores. Não houve diferença entre os valores de FDN e FDA, obtidos pelo equipamento ANKOM ou pelo convencional, para os alimentos estudados, com exceção da polpa cítrica, cujo valor médio de FDA pelo ANKOM foi inferior àquele obtido pelo método convencional. A quantidade não exerceu efeito sobre a concentração de FDN dos alimentos analisados no equipamento ANKOM.

MRI demonstration of orbital lipolysis in anorexia nervosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Demaerel, Philippe; Dekimpe, Piet; Wilms, Guy [Department of Radiology, University Hospitals, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven (Belgium); Muls, Erik [Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven (Belgium)

2002-07-01

The purpose of this article is to describe the orbital changes due to lipolysis in anorexia nervosa. We examined a cachectic patient with MR imaging using T1-weighted images before and after contrast enhancement. Orbital fat edema has been observed in extreme forms of cachexia and the CT and MR findings have recently been reported. The imaging appearances have been explained by the disappearance of the fat tissue and the appearance of edema due to a disturbance in the electrolyte fluid balance. In the recent literature particular attention has been paid to the increased lipid peroxidation and lipolysis in anorexia nervosa. These metabolic processes result in an increased permeability of the vessel wall endothelium, which can explain the extravasation of the contrast agent in the orbital fat on MR imaging. (orig.)

MRI demonstration of orbital lipolysis in anorexia nervosa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Demaerel, Philippe; Dekimpe, Piet; Wilms, Guy; Muls, Erik

2002-01-01

The purpose of this article is to describe the orbital changes due to lipolysis in anorexia nervosa. We examined a cachectic patient with MR imaging using T1-weighted images before and after contrast enhancement. Orbital fat edema has been observed in extreme forms of cachexia and the CT and MR findings have recently been reported. The imaging appearances have been explained by the disappearance of the fat tissue and the appearance of edema due to a disturbance in the electrolyte fluid balance. In the recent literature particular attention has been paid to the increased lipid peroxidation and lipolysis in anorexia nervosa. These metabolic processes result in an increased permeability of the vessel wall endothelium, which can explain the extravasation of the contrast agent in the orbital fat on MR imaging. (orig.)

Aplicaciones del cemento reforzado con fibra de vidrio (GRC

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Barros Llerena, Ángel

1981-12-01

Full Text Available Not available.

El presente artículo tiene como objeto dar a conocer la utilización de fibras de vidrio como refuerzo de los cementos. Se da una breve reseña histórica, se mencionan sus características y comportamiento. Además se presenta un caso práctico y reciente de utilización en la fabricación de elementos de fachada del Estadio «Santiago Bernabéu» del Real Madrid C. de F., y se completa con una relación de los actuales y futuros usos del G.R.C. (glass reinforced cement, denominación inglesa del material más comúnmente utilizado.

The Relationship between Body Image Satisfaction and Bulimia Nervosa among King Saud University Students

Science.gov (United States)

Aljomaa, Suliman Saleh

2018-01-01

The study aimed at examining the relationship between body image satisfaction and bulimia nervosa among the students of education faculty at king said university students. The author used the tests of bulimia nervosa and body image test. The researcher verified tests reliability. Students from King Saud University randomly selected (No. 337)…

Simulación numérica del comportamiento elástico del concreto reforzado con fibras cortas de acero en condición plana de esfuerzos

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Fabian Lamus

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo describe un modelo numérico implementado en el método de los elementos finitos (Hughes, 2000, el cual permite simular el comportamiento elástico del concreto reforzado con fibras cortas de dirección aleatoria. En estructuras hechas de dicho material cada punto está compuesto por fibras cortas de acero embebidas en una matriz de concreto simple. En el interior de un elemento finito el concreto reforzado se representa como un material ortótropo de dirección material aleatoria, basado en el modelo de fibras con diámetro despreciable (Dvorak y Bahei-el-Din, 1982 y la teoría de mezclas modificada para refuerzo de corta longitud (Oller, 2003. El análisis estadístico realizado consiste en: repetir la simulación numérica del problema cambiando la dirección de las fibras mediante una función aleatoria, construir la base de datos de muestreo a partir de los resultados obtenidos y medir la dispersión de estos últimos. A continuación, en este trabajo se estudia la sensibilidad del tamaño de los elementos finitos y del número de datos de muestreo en el cálculo de la energía total de deformación y se establecen algunos valores recomendables. Como ejemplo de aplicación se obtuvo la respuesta estructural promedio de una viga de concreto reforzado con diferentes cuantías de fibras cortas de acero, observando una dispersión mínima de los datos.

Características tecnológicas de 16 maderas del Estado de Tamaulipas, que influyen en la fabricación de tableros de partículas y de fibras

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M. Fuentes-Salinas

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente estudio se evaluaron cuatro características de 16 maderas de la selva baja caducifolia del sur del estado de Tamaulipas, México, con el propósito de determinar la posibilidad de usarlas para la fabricación de tableros de partículas y tableros de fibras. Las maderas estudiadas fueron: Myrcianthes fragrans, Phoebe tampicensis, Casimiroa pringley, Acacia berlandieri, Drypetes lateriflora, Esenbeckia berlandieri, Lysiloma divaricata, Robinsonella discolor, Sapindus saponaria, Harpalyce arborescens, Wimmeria concolor, Krugiodendrom ferreum, Ebanopsis ebano, Pithecellobium pallens, Zanthoxylum fagara y Cordia boissieri. Las características evaluadas fueron la longitud de fibra, la relación longitud-diámetro de fibra, conocida como coeficiente de Péteri, la densidad básica, el pH y la razón de compresión que se requiere para fabricar tableros de partículas de densidad media y tableros de fibras duras. Las maderas evaluadas presentaron un rango de longitud de fibra de 653 a 1,229 μ, el Coeficiente de Péteri resultó desde 43.14 hasta 82.45. El rango del pH para las maderas fue de 5.06 a 7.64. La densidad básica mostró un rango de 0.56 a 0.97 g·cm-3. Con los valores obtenidos y su análisis, se consideró que de manera individual 11 maderas pueden ser aptas para la fabricación de tableros de partículas de densidad media. Haciendo mezclas de maderas, pueden aprovecharse hasta 12 especies. En lo que respecta a tableros de fibras duras y extraduras, se considera que se pueden fabricar con todas las maderas.

Local Political Conflict and Pela Gandong Amidst the Religious Conflicts

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Tonny SB Hoedodo

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Pela Gandong which is believed by Ambonese for its propitiational value is in fact failed to prevent horizontal conflict that victimized a big number of life and financial damages. However, Wayame villagem is found to survive from those conflicts, and the community of this village, comprising of Islam and Christian religious group, succeeds to maintain harmonious relation. The research aims at, first, describing the perception of Wayamae village community to Pela Gandong in the post-conflict period; second, analyzing the cultural competence of pela Gandong in conflict resolution in the era of technology. This research employed qualitative method, involving in-field data gathering based on official report, digging out information from the resource persons who were directly witnessing the conflict when it occured and other references obtained through Forum Group Discussion (FGD. An analysis was performed to seek answer concerning on how the community of Wayame village viewed Pela Gandong in post-conflict period, how it is – as a local wisdom – maintained in the middle of changing and how Pela Gandong was revitalized. Research showed that Pela Gandong was maintained by involving all elements such as customary community and the government. Pela Gandong grew as the icon of Ambonese society in settling conflicts by raising awareness that they are Eastern people, collectivistic in nature, and place kinship into priority.

How to Feed a Patient with Anorexia Nervosa?

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D.O. Ptushkina

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The article presents the problems of nutritional rehabilitation of patients with anorexia nervosa, methods for evaluation of nutritional status, eating behavior, weight restoration and weight gain rates, stages of treatment, enteral nutrition.