WorldWideScience

Sample records for fein segmentierten kalorimeterprototypen

  1. Study of structural, electronic and magnetic properties of CoFeIn and Co2FeIn Heusler alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    El Amine Monir, M.; Khenata, R.; Baltache, H.; Murtaza, G.; Abu-Jafar, M.S.; Bouhemadou, A.; Bin Omran, S.

    2015-01-01

    The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of half-Heusler CoFeIn and full-Heusler Co 2 FeIn alloys have been investigated by using the state of the art full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. The exchange-correlation potential was treated with the generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA) for the calculation of the structural properties, whereas the PBE-GGA+U approximation (where U is the Hubbard Coulomb energy term) is applied for the computation of the electronic and magnetic properties in order to treat the “d” electrons. The structural properties have been calculated in the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases where we have found that both the CoFeIn and Co 2 FeIn alloys have a stable ferromagnetic phase. The obtained results of the spin-polarized band structure and the density of states show that the CoFeIn alloy is a metal and the Co 2 FeIn alloy has a complete half-metallic nature. Through the obtained values of the total spin magnetic moment, we conclude that in general, the Co 2 FeIn alloy is half-metallic ferromagnet material whereas the CoFeIn alloy has a metallic nature. - Highlights: • Based on DFT calculations, CoFeIn and Co2FeIn Heusler alloys were investigated. • The magnetic phase stability was determined from the total energy calculations. • Electronic properties reveal the metallic (half-metallic) nature for CoFeIn (Co2FeIn)

  2. Study of structural, electronic and magnetic properties of CoFeIn and Co{sub 2}FeIn Heusler alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    El Amine Monir, M. [Laboratoire de Physique Quantique de la Matière et de la Modélisation Mathématique (LPQ3M), Faculté des Sciences, Université de Mascara, Mascara 29000 (Algeria); Khenata, R., E-mail: khenata_rabah@yahoo.fr [Laboratoire de Physique Quantique de la Matière et de la Modélisation Mathématique (LPQ3M), Faculté des Sciences, Université de Mascara, Mascara 29000 (Algeria); Baltache, H. [Laboratoire de Physique Quantique de la Matière et de la Modélisation Mathématique (LPQ3M), Faculté des Sciences, Université de Mascara, Mascara 29000 (Algeria); Murtaza, G., E-mail: murtaza@icp.edu.pk [Materials Modeling Lab, Department of Physics, Islamia College University, Peshawar (Pakistan); Abu-Jafar, M.S., E-mail: mabujafar@najah.edu [Dipartimento di Fisica Universita di Roma ' La Sapienza' , Roma (Italy); Department of Physics, An-Najah N. University, Nablus, Palestine (Country Unknown); Bouhemadou, A. [Laboratory for Developing New Materials and their Characterization, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Setif, 19000 Setif (Algeria); Bin Omran, S. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451 (Saudi Arabia); and others

    2015-11-15

    The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of half-Heusler CoFeIn and full-Heusler Co{sub 2}FeIn alloys have been investigated by using the state of the art full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. The exchange-correlation potential was treated with the generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA) for the calculation of the structural properties, whereas the PBE-GGA+U approximation (where U is the Hubbard Coulomb energy term) is applied for the computation of the electronic and magnetic properties in order to treat the “d” electrons. The structural properties have been calculated in the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases where we have found that both the CoFeIn and Co{sub 2}FeIn alloys have a stable ferromagnetic phase. The obtained results of the spin-polarized band structure and the density of states show that the CoFeIn alloy is a metal and the Co{sub 2}FeIn alloy has a complete half-metallic nature. Through the obtained values of the total spin magnetic moment, we conclude that in general, the Co{sub 2}FeIn alloy is half-metallic ferromagnet material whereas the CoFeIn alloy has a metallic nature. - Highlights: • Based on DFT calculations, CoFeIn and Co2FeIn Heusler alloys were investigated. • The magnetic phase stability was determined from the total energy calculations. • Electronic properties reveal the metallic (half-metallic) nature for CoFeIn (Co2FeIn)

  3. Magnetic and structural characterization of the semiconductor FeIn2Se4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Torres, T.; Sagredo, V.; Chalbaud, L.M. de; Attolini, G.; Bolzoni, F.

    2006-01-01

    Plate-like single crystals of magnetic semiconductor FeIn 2 Se 4 were grown with a chemical vapour transport technique. The X-ray powder diffraction analyses suggest that the compound crystallize in the hexagonal structure with space group P3m1. We have performed dc magnetization measurements at different magnetic fields on the diluted magnetic semiconductor FeIn 2 Se 4 . Low field magnetizations measurements shows irreversibility in the DC magnetization, as evidenced by field cooled and zero field cooled measurements below 17 K, suggesting a spin-glass like behaviour. The high-temperature susceptibility data follow a typical Curie-Weiss law with θ=-183±2 K which suggest the presence of predominant antiferromagnetic interactions with high degree of frustration. The randomness and frustration necessary for spin-glass behaviour are explained in a manner compatible with the cation and charge ordering present in the material

  4. Magnetic and electrical properties of (FeIn2S4)1−x(CuIn5S8)x solid solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Trukhanov, S.V.; Bodnar, I.V.; Zhafar, M.A.

    2015-01-01

    In this study, single crystals of FeIn 2 S 4 and CuIn 5 S 8 compounds, and (FeIn 2 S 4 ) 1−x (CuIn 5 S 8 ) x solid solutions were grown using the Bridgman method. The magnetic and electrical properties of the samples obtained were investigated at temperatures of 5–300 K and in a magnetic field range of 0–14 T. It was established that all of the solid solutions were paramagnets down to low temperatures of ~10 K. It was shown that the ground state of the magnetic phase of the samples was a spin glass state, where the freezing temperature increased monotonically with the increase in the concentration of Fe 2+ cations. All of the samples exhibited semiconductor characteristics in terms of electrical resistivity. The concentration-dependent critical magnetic temperatures, magnetic moment, and activation energy were plotted, which are probably explained by the magnetic state formation of the (FeIn 2 S 4 ) 1−x (CuIn 5 S 8 ) x solid solution single crystals based on the empirical Goodenough–Kanamori rules

  5. Effect of Fe substitution at the Ni and Mn sites on the magnetic properties of Ni50Mn35In15 Heusler alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Halder, Madhumita; Suresh, K.G.

    2015-01-01

    The structural and magnetic properties of Ni 48 Fe 2 Mn 35 In 15 and Ni 50 Mn 34 FeIn 15 Heusler alloys have been investigated. At room temperature, Ni 48 Fe 2 Mn 35 In 15 has L2 1 cubic structure, whereas Ni 50 Mn 34 FeIn 15 shows a two-phase structure due to the martensitic transition. In the case of Ni 48 Fe 2 Mn 35 In 15 , there is only one magnetic transition at 316 K with no martensitic transition. However, in Ni 50 Mn 34 FeIn 15 , we observe the martensitic transition at about 280 K. The Curie temperatures for austenite and martensite phases are 314 and 200 K, respectively. The maximum magnetic entropy changes are found to be 5.5 and 4.5 J kg −1 K −1 for Ni 48 Fe 2 Mn 35 In 15 and Ni 50 Mn 34 FeIn 15 , respectively, for 50 kOe. Ni 50 Mn 34 FeIn 15 exhibits exchange bias behavior, with a bias field of 130 Oe at 5 K. Both the alloys satisfy the empirical relation between the martensitic transition and the valence electron concentration (e/a) ratio. - Highlights: • Structural and magnetic properties of Ni 48 Fe 2 Mn 35 In 15 and Ni 50 Mn 34 FeIn 15 Heusler alloys have been investigated. • Ni 48 Fe 2 Mn 35 In 15 does not undergo a martensitic transition, whereas Ni 50 Mn 34 FeIn 15 shows martensitic transition. • Ni 50 Mn 34 FeIn 15 alloy exhibits exchange bias behavior. • Both alloys satisfy the empirical relation between martensitic transition and valence electron concentration (e/a)

  6. Bombe udstiller Sinn Feins dilemma

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    2010-01-01

    Natten til mandag den 12. april sprang en bombe lige udenfor Belfast. Hverken tid eller sted var tilfældigt. Bomben sprang nemlig på den dag, hvor det justitspolitiske område blev overført til Nordirland. Og den sprang lige bagved den bygning hvor den britiske sikkerhedstjeneste MI5 har deres nye...

  7. Electro-optically Induced and Manipulated Terahertz Waves from Fe-doped InGaAs Surfaces

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hatem, O.

    2018-03-01

    We demonstrate the presence of dual simultaneous nonlinear mechanisms: field-induced optical rectification (FIOR) and field-induced surge current (FISC) for the generation of terahertz (THz) pulses from p-type and n-type Fe:In0.53Ga0.47As surfaces upon excitation with femtosecond laser pulses centered at 800 nm wavelength. Experimental investigations of the dependence of the generated THz waves on the incident angular optical polarization, optical irradiance, and the direction and magnitude of applied electric DC fields give confirming results to the proposed THz generation mechanisms. Applying external DC electric fields in the plane of the incident optical field shows efficient capability in manipulating the direction and phase of the generated THz waves, and controlling the refractive index of Fe:In0.53Ga0.47As material in the THz range, in addition to enhancing the emitted THz power up to two orders of magnitude. The fast and reliable response of Fe:In0.53Ga0.47As to the changes in the direction and magnitude of the optical and electrical fields suggests its use in amplitude and phase modulators, and ultrafast optoelectronic systems.

  8. Comparison of the anti-inflammatory active constituents and hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in two Senecio plants and their preparations by LC-UV and LC-MS.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Pinghong; Wang, Yi; Chen, Lulin; Jiang, Wei; Niu, Yan; Shao, Qing; Gao, Lu; Zhao, Quancheng; Yan, Licheng; Wang, Shufang

    2015-11-10

    Two Senecio plants, Senecio cannabifolius Less. and its variety S. cannabifolius Less. var. integrifolius (Kiodz.) Kidam., were both used as the raw material of Feining granule, a traditional Chinese medicine product for treating respiratory diseases. In this study, the chemical profiles of these two plants were investigated and compared by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). A total number of 83 constituents, including 55 organic acids, 11 flavonoids, 4 alkaloids, 3 terpenes and 10 other types of compounds, were characterized. The results indicated that the levels of most flavonoids were higher in S. cannabifolius than in S. cannabifolius var. integrifolius, however, the levels of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) were higher in S. cannabifolius var. integrifolius than in S. cannabifolius. Fifteen constituents were evaluated on lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 cells, and eleven of them showed inhibition effect against nitric oxide (NO) production. Finally, the levels of ten major constituents (including seven anti-inflammatory active ones) and two PAs in Feining granule from two Senecio plants were determined and compared by the LC-UV and LC-MS methods, respectively. It was found that one organic acid (homogentisic acid) and two PAs (seneciphylline and senecionine) had higher contents in the preparation of S. cannabifolius var. integrifolius than in that of S. cannabifolius, however, the situations were inverse for the levels of four organic acids and flavonoids (chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and isochlorogenic acid B). Based on the above results, S. cannabifolius might be a better raw material for Feining granule than S. cannabifolius var. integrifolius, because it contained more anti-inflammatory constituents and less hepatotoxic PAs than the latter. However, more pharmacological evaluations should be carried out to support the selection. The results in this study were helpful

  9. 20 CFR 655.1300 - Overview of subpart B and definition of terms.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... place of intended employment. The borders of MSAs are not controlling in the identification of the... Identification Number (FEIN). Employment Standards Administration (ESA) means the agency within DOL that includes..., in addition to other agricultural commodities, crude gum (oleoresin) from a living tree, and gum...

  10. 29 CFR 502.10 - Definitions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... employment. The borders of MSAs are not controlling in the identification of the normal commuting area; a... Certification, a valid Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN). Employment Service (ES) refers to the... commodity includes, in addition to other agricultural commodities, crude gum (oleoresin) from a living tree...

  11. Development of a Semi-Autonomous Underwater Vehicle for Intervention Missions (SAUVIM Phase III-B)

    Science.gov (United States)

    2009-03-20

    departure of Mr. James Fein from ONR, Mr. Chris Hillenbrand became the ONR Program Officer for the SAUVIM project. In 2002, Dr. David Drumheller...Dr. Gary McMurtry, Dr. Song K. Choi & Mr. Oliver T. Easterday Past Personnel: Mr. Yann Douyere, Mr. Alan Parsa & Mr. Max D. Cremer Objectives

  12. Development of a Semi-Autonomous Underwater Vehicle for Intervention Missions (SAUVIM Phase III-C)

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-28

    James Fein from ONR, Mr. Chris Hillenbrand became the ONR Program Officer for the SAUVIM project. In 2002, Dr. David Drumheller became the new ONR...Gary McMurtry, Dr. Song K. Choi & Mr. Oliver T. Easterday Past Personnel: Mr. Yann Douyere, Mr. Alan Parsa & Mr. Max D. Cremer Objectives The

  13. 29 CFR 501.3 - Definitions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... borders of MSAs are not controlling in the identification of the normal commuting area; a location outside... Employer Identification Number (FEIN). Federal holiday. Legal public holiday as defined at 5 U.S.C. 6103... commodities, crude gum (oleoresin) from a living tree, and the following products as processed by the original...

  14. The integral facade; Ein fein abgestimmtes Bausystem. Die Integralfassade

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Enkerli, W.

    2007-07-01

    This illustrated article takes a look at a facade concept that meets all requirements placed on a modern facade concept. Ecological and economical factors integrated into the integral facade concept are discussed. The facade concept, according to the author, unites various functions such as climate and weather protection, sunshading, daylighting, heating, cooling and airing. The construction of the facade system is discussed in detail and further functions such as the support of night-time cooling are looked at, as are the facade's functions in summer and winter operation.

  15. Fine cracks in the sediment; Feine Risse im Sediment

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Anon.

    2013-03-15

    Natural gas from porous rocks whirls the energy markets and geopolitical strategies upside down. America celebrates its 'shale gas turnaround' and may soon fulfil the Kyoto Protocol without having signed it ever. Germany is between fear and belief in the progress of 'Clean Fracking'. The treatment of fracking liquids by means of ultraviolet light enables the dispensation with biocides in order to prevent the growth of bacteria. The omission of petrochemical additives does not provide any satisfactory results. The gas yield significantly is worse. The purity requirement of the fracking process is still some way off.

  16. Superconducting spin valve effect in Fe/In based heterostructures

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Leksin, Pavel; Schumann, Joachim; Kataev, Vladislav; Schmidt, Oliver; Buechner, Bernd [Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research IFW Dresden (Germany); Garifyanov, Nadir; Garifullin, Ilgiz [Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian Federation)

    2015-07-01

    We report on magnetic and superconducting properties of the spin-valve multilayer system CoOx/Fe1/Cu/Fe2/In. The Superconducting Spin Valve Effect (SSVE) assumes the T{sub c} difference between parallel (P) and antiparallel (AP) orientations of the Fe1 and Fe2 layers' magnetizations. The SSVE value oscillates and changes its sign when the Fe2 layer thickness d{sub Fe2} is varied from 0 to 5 nm. The SSVE value is positive, as expected, in the range 0.4 nm ≤ d{sub Fe2} ≤ 0.8 nm. For a rather broad range of thicknesses 1 nm ≤ d{sub Fe2} ≤ 2.6 nm the SSVE has negative sign assuming the inverse SSVE. Moreover, the magnitude of the inverse effect is larger than that of the positive direct effect. We attribute these oscillations to a quantum interference of the cooper pair wave functions in the magnetic part of the system. For most of the spin-valve samples from this set we experimentally realized the full switching between normal and superconducting states due to direct and inverse SSVE. The analysis of the experimental data has enabled the determination of all microscopic parameters of the studied system.

  17. Wildfires in northern Eurasia affect the budget of black carbon in the Arctic - a 12-year retrospective synopsis (2002-2013)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Evangeliou, N.; Balkanski, Y.; Hao, W. M.; Petkov, A.; Silverstein, R. P.; Corley, R.; Nordgren, B. L.; Urbanski, S. P.; Eckhardt, S.; Stohl, A.; Tunved, P.; Crepinsek, S.; Jefferson, A.; Sharma, S.; Nøjgaard, J. K.; Skov, H.

    2016-06-01

    In recent decades much attention has been given to the Arctic environment, where climate change is happening rapidly. Black carbon (BC) has been shown to be a major component of Arctic pollution that also affects the radiative balance. In the present study, we focused on how vegetation fires that occurred in northern Eurasia during the period of 2002-2013 influenced the budget of BC in the Arctic. For simulating the transport of fire emissions from northern Eurasia to the Arctic, we adopted BC fire emission estimates developed independently by GFED3 (Global Fire Emissions Database) and FEI-NE (Fire Emission Inventory - northern Eurasia). Both datasets were based on fire locations and burned areas detected by MODIS (Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) instruments on NASA's (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Terra and Aqua satellites. Anthropogenic sources of BC were adopted from the MACCity (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate and megacity Zoom for the Environment) emission inventory.During the 12-year period, an average area of 250 000 km2 yr-1 was burned in northern Eurasia (FEI-NE) and the global emissions of BC ranged between 8.0 and 9.5 Tg yr-1 (FEI-NE+MACCity). For the BC emitted in the Northern Hemisphere (based on FEI-NE+MACCity), about 70 % originated from anthropogenic sources and the rest from biomass burning (BB). Using the FEI-NE+MACCity inventory, we found that 102 ± 29 kt yr-1 BC was deposited in the Arctic (defined here as the area north of 67° N) during the 12 years simulated, which was twice as much as when using the MACCity inventory (56 ± 8 kt yr-1). The annual mass of BC deposited in the Arctic from all sources (FEI-NE in northern Eurasia, MACCity elsewhere) is significantly higher by about 37 % in 2009 (78 vs. 57 kt yr-1) to 181 % in 2012 (153 vs. 54 kt yr-1), compared to the BC deposited using just the MACCity emission inventory. Deposition of BC in the Arctic from BB sources in the Northern Hemisphere

  18. Hydro-power installation at Fein-Elast Grabher AG in Lichtensteig - Preliminary study; Fein-Elast Grabher AG - Lichtensteig. Stauwehr / Schleusenbruecke / Wasserkraftanlage. Vorprojektstudie - Technischer Bericht

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hintermann, M.

    2008-07-01

    This technical report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) describes project variants for the replacement of a hydro-power plant on the River Thur in Lichtensteig, Switzerland. The new installation is to produce more power by using a greater volume of water than the old installation, parts of which date from 1820. The report reviews possibilities for and restrictions on the renewal of the installation and recommends one of four possible variants proposed.. Water-flow statistics and flood-protection issues are discussed. Environmental issues connected with the project are also examined. Energy production figures, cost estimates and economic viability issues are discussed. The proposed course of events involved in replacing the hydropower installation and an associated road bridge is described.

  19. Normzahlen, Toleranzen, Passungen

    Science.gov (United States)

    Böge, Gert; Böge, Wolfgang

    Vor allem wegen der Kosten ist es sinnvoll, sich beim Festlegen von Maßen aller Art auf Vorzugszahlen zu beschränken (Baugrößen, Drehzahlen, Drehmomente, Leistungen, Drücke usw.). Man verwendet dazu eine geometrisch gestufte Zahlenfolge (siehe Teil Mathematik). Abb. 40.1 zeigt, dass bei der geometrischen Stufung die Werte im unteren Bereich fein, im oberen grob gestuft sind. Das ist nicht nur technisch sinnvoll.

  20. Threatening the Heart and Mind of Gender Stereotypes: Can Imagined Contact Influence the Physiology of Stereotype Threat?

    OpenAIRE

    Allen, Ben

    2012-01-01

    Research shows that when a gender stereotype is made salient and the target of the stereotype is asked to perform in the stereotyped domain, targets of the stereotype often perform at a lower level compared to situations when the stereotype was not made salient (Spencer, Steele, & Quinn, 1999). Current models of stereotype threat show that increased physiological arousal and reduced working memory capacity partially explain this decrement in performance (Ben-Zeev, Fein, & Inzlicht, 2005; Sch...

  1. Threat Assessment: Do Lone Terrorists Differ from Other Lone Offenders?

    OpenAIRE

    Diane M. Zierhoffer

    2014-01-01

    This study evaluates the viability of a threat assessment model developed to calculate the risk of targeted violence as a predictor of violence by potential lone terrorists. There is no profile, to date, which would assist in the identification of a lone terrorist prior to an attack. The threat assessment model developed by Borum, Fein, Vossekuil, and Berglund and described in “Threat Assessment: Defining an approach for evaluating risk of targeted violence” (1999) poses ten questions about t...

  2. Megaphone Diplomacy in the Northern Irish Peace Process: Squaring the Circle by Talking to Terrorists through Journalists

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sparre, Kirsten

    2001-01-01

    In early 1994, British and Irish mainstream media were instrumental in facilitating an indirect dialogue between their governments and the Irish Republican movement about the terms on which Sinn Fein, the political wing of the Irish Republican Army, could be admitted into political talks...... of journalists, but also that it is possible for journalists to strengthen the process and yet stay within the journalistic paradigm. The article concludes with an assessment of the contributions of the media dialogue to the wider peace process....

  3. Dones i homes, consum i producció al llarg de la vida. Una relació desigual

    OpenAIRE

    Rentería, Elisenda

    2017-01-01

    A Espanya continua havent-hi una important diferència entre l’activitat productiva d’homes i dones. Mentre que els homes dediquen gran part de la seva vida activa a feines remunerades, les dones passen més temps tenint cura dels infants i de les persones grans dependents, a més de gestionar la llar. Aquest estudi presenta els perfils per edat de consum i producció remunerada i no remunerada, diferenciats per sexe. Els resultats posen de manifest la importància que tenen la cura i les activita...

  4. Efecte diferencial de la burnout laboral en diverses professions assistencials: el paper de la personalitat, la salut i el clima social

    OpenAIRE

    Palau Domingo, Ona

    2016-01-01

    Aquest estudi va ser dissenyat amb la finalitat de comparar la percepció de la burnout entre quatre col•lectius professionals de la província de Lleida que fan feines assistencials. La mostra estudiada ha estat de 596 subjectes entre 19 i 60 anys (282 mestres, 83 infermers, 60 cuidadors i 171 mossos d’esquadra). La burnout s’ha mesurat amb el Maslach Burnout Inventory; la personalitat s’ha mesurat a través d’un inventari dels cinc grans factors de personalitat (BFQ), i la personalitat resiste...

  5. Obtenir mostres de color i comparar-les

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Entenza Rodríguez

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available La nostra intenció era investigar l'ús del color en una sèrie de peces comunicatives, però en descriure com seleccionaríem i classificaríem les mostres, vam veure que aquest pas inicial suposava un estudi en si mateix, perquè classificar una cosa que no està acotat en quantitat (algunes aplicacions treballen amb milions, que disposa de diferents nomenclatures (en funció de cultures i països, del qual amb prou feines coneixem una dotzena de noms i que varia en funció de les condicions de llum, de suport, o de qualitat de reproducció, requereix reflexió i aprofundiment.

  6. A comparative analysis of North American adolescent and adult mass murderers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meloy, J Reid; Hempel, Anthony G; Gray, B Thomas; Mohandie, Kris; Shiva, Andrew; Richards, Thomas C

    2004-01-01

    Thirty adult mass murderers and 34 adolescent mass murderers in North America are compared on both offender and offense variables to delineate similarities and differences. Findings indicate a plethora of psychiatric disturbances and odd/reclusive and acting-out personality traits. Predisposing factors include a fascination with weapons and war among many of the adolescents and the development of a "warrior mentality" in most of the adults. Precipitating factors indicate a major rejection or loss in the hours or days preceding the mass murder. Results are interpreted through the lens of threat assessment for targeted violence (Borum, Fein, Vossekuil, & Bergland 1999), recognizing that a fact-based, dynamic behavioral approach is most useful for mitigating risk of such an extremely low-base-rate violent crime. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  7. Preparation and co-combustion of whole plants in a coal dust furnace; Aufbereitung und Mitverbrennung von Ganzpflanzen mit Steinkohle in einer Staubfeuerung

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Siegle, V; Spliethoff, H; Hein, K R.G. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Verfahrenstechnik und Dampfkesselwesen (IVD)

    1997-12-31

    Co-combustion is a favourable and simple way of utilizing biomass. Owing to the high energy density of grains, whole plants must be ground very thoroughly for use in a coal dust furnace. This can be done with low energy consumption in a hammer mill. In addition, multifuel swirl burners permit selective supply of fuel and low-NO{sub x} combustion. The fuel with the highest nitrogen content should be blown into the inner recirculation zone. (orig) [Deutsch] Die Mitverbrennung von Biomasse ist eine guenstige und schnell zu realisierende Moeglichkeit, Biomasse in grossem Umfang zu nutzen. Um Ganzpflanzen in einer Staubfeuerung mitverbrennen zu koennen, muessen diese aufgrund der hohen Energiedichte der Koerner sehr fein aufgemahlen werden. Dies ist mit einer Hammermuehle mit geringem Energieeinsatz moeglich. Durch eine geeignete Sichtung muss diese jedoch noch weiter optimiert werden. Mit Multi-Fuel-Drallbrennern ist eine stickoxidarme Verbrennung moeglich. Der Brennstoff, der den groesseren Stickstoffeintrag in die Flamme bewirkt, soltle in die innere Rezirkulationszone eingeblasen werden. (orig)

  8. The scope of detector Medipix2 in micro-radiography of biological samples

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dammer, J., E-mail: jiri.dammer@utef.cvut.cz [Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Horska 3a/22, CZ-12800 Prague 2 (Czech Republic); Weyda, F. [Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice (Czech Republic); Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice (Czech Republic); Jakubek, J. [Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Horska 3a/22, CZ-12800 Prague 2 (Czech Republic); Skrabal, P. [Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Nam. Sitna 3105, CZ-272 01 Kladno (Czech Republic); Sopko, V.; Vavrik, D. [Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Horska 3a/22, CZ-12800 Prague 2 (Czech Republic)

    2011-05-15

    We present our experimental setup devoted to high resolution X-ray micro-radiography that is suitable for imaging of small biological samples. The photon source is a FeinFocus micro-focus X-ray tube. The single photon counting pixel device Medipix2 serves as imaging area. Recently used imaging detectors as radiography films or scintillator detectors, cannot visualize required information about inner structure of scanned sample. Detectors Medipix2 do not suffer from so-called dark current noise and work in unlimited dynamic range. These features of detectors confer high quality and high contrast of final images. The radiographic imaging with detectors Medipix2 represents non-invasive and non-destructive method of investigation. Hereby, we demonstrate results of micro-radiographic study of internal structures of tiny biological samples. In addition to morphological and anatomical studies, we would like to present preliminary study of dynamic processes inside of organisms using micro-radiographic video-capturing.

  9. The scope of detector Medipix2 in micro-radiography of biological samples

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dammer, J.; Weyda, F.; Jakubek, J.; Skrabal, P.; Sopko, V.; Vavrik, D.

    2011-01-01

    We present our experimental setup devoted to high resolution X-ray micro-radiography that is suitable for imaging of small biological samples. The photon source is a FeinFocus micro-focus X-ray tube. The single photon counting pixel device Medipix2 serves as imaging area. Recently used imaging detectors as radiography films or scintillator detectors, cannot visualize required information about inner structure of scanned sample. Detectors Medipix2 do not suffer from so-called dark current noise and work in unlimited dynamic range. These features of detectors confer high quality and high contrast of final images. The radiographic imaging with detectors Medipix2 represents non-invasive and non-destructive method of investigation. Hereby, we demonstrate results of micro-radiographic study of internal structures of tiny biological samples. In addition to morphological and anatomical studies, we would like to present preliminary study of dynamic processes inside of organisms using micro-radiographic video-capturing.

  10. Preparation and co-combustion of whole plants in a coal dust furnace; Aufbereitung und Mitverbrennung von Ganzpflanzen mit Steinkohle in einer Staubfeuerung

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Siegle, V.; Spliethoff, H.; Hein, K.R.G. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Verfahrenstechnik und Dampfkesselwesen (IVD)

    1996-12-31

    Co-combustion is a favourable and simple way of utilizing biomass. Owing to the high energy density of grains, whole plants must be ground very thoroughly for use in a coal dust furnace. This can be done with low energy consumption in a hammer mill. In addition, multifuel swirl burners permit selective supply of fuel and low-NO{sub x} combustion. The fuel with the highest nitrogen content should be blown into the inner recirculation zone. (orig) [Deutsch] Die Mitverbrennung von Biomasse ist eine guenstige und schnell zu realisierende Moeglichkeit, Biomasse in grossem Umfang zu nutzen. Um Ganzpflanzen in einer Staubfeuerung mitverbrennen zu koennen, muessen diese aufgrund der hohen Energiedichte der Koerner sehr fein aufgemahlen werden. Dies ist mit einer Hammermuehle mit geringem Energieeinsatz moeglich. Durch eine geeignete Sichtung muss diese jedoch noch weiter optimiert werden. Mit Multi-Fuel-Drallbrennern ist eine stickoxidarme Verbrennung moeglich. Der Brennstoff, der den groesseren Stickstoffeintrag in die Flamme bewirkt, soltle in die innere Rezirkulationszone eingeblasen werden. (orig)

  11. Propagande et « contre-propagande » en Irlande pendant la Première Guerre mondiale Propaganda and « Counter-propaganda » in Ireland during World War I

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jérôme aan de Wiel

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available The First World War caused a major propaganda battle in Ireland between, on the one hand, the constitutional Nationalist Party, led by John Redmond, and the British authorities who were both in favour of the war and voluntary recruitment, and on the other hand, Sinn Féin, opposition nationalists and also a few Catholic clergymen who were against the British war effort in the country, deeming that the home rule crisis had not been dealt with in a satisfactory way. This article aims at shedding light on the confrontation between the two sides. It seems that the British authorities were rather disorganised in their various propaganda campaigns, while Sinn Fein pursued an energetic and sometimes vitriolic anti-war campaign. One of the themes used by the latter was France’s pre-war anti-clerical policy. This article will consider the extent to which propaganda and “counter-propaganda” influenced voluntary recruitment in Ireland where conscription was not imposed.

  12. Microstructural characterization of porous materials by X-ray microtomography and gamma ray transmission techniques

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moreira, Anderson Camargo

    2006-01-01

    This work presents the application of the X-ray microtomography and gamma ray transmission techniques for the microstructure characterization of different kinds of materials. Total porosity, pore size distribution and the two point correlation functions were measured. The two point correlation function, which allows the reconstruction of 3D models, was carried out for two samples. Seven ceramic tablets of Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), seven tablets of Boron Carbide (B 4 C), three samples of sedimentary rocks and one sample of Titanium foam were analyzed. The experimental set up for the Gamma Ray Transmission technique consisted of: a 2'' x 2'' crystal NaI(Tl) detector, an 241 Am radioactive source (59,53 keV, 100 mCi), an automatic micrometric table for the sample XZ movement and standard gamma spectrometry electronics. Two microtomography systems were used: a Fein Focus system, constituted by an X-ray tube, operated at 160 kV and 0.3 to 1.1 mA, a CCD camera and the movement sample system, and a Skyscan system, model 1072, with a X-ray tube operated at 100 kV and 100μA, and a CCD camera. The ceramic tablets, analyzed by the gamma ray transmission technique presented results for most of the porosities data with smaller confidence intervals and inside the intervals supplied by the tablets manufacturer. The Titanium porous sample was analyzed by the two techniques, its microtomography images achieved a resolution of 17μm, obtained employing the Fein Focus system. For both techniques, this sample showed high porosity, which allows its application for this purpose. The sandstones samples were analyzed by the Skyscan system, achieving resolutions of 19μm, 11μm and 3.8μm for each sample, respectively. The resolutions of 11μm and 3.8μm were the ones that generated better 2D sections for the respective samples and, consequently, more reliable porosities. The 3.8μm resolution was the one that best quantified the pore size distribution data, showing information not shown by

  13. Microstructural characterization of porous materials by X-ray microtomography and gamma ray transmission techniques; Caracterizacao da microestrutura de materiais porosos por microtomografia de raios X e transmissao de raios gama

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Moreira, Anderson Camargo

    2006-07-01

    This work presents the application of the X-ray microtomography and gamma ray transmission techniques for the microstructure characterization of different kinds of materials. Total porosity, pore size distribution and the two point correlation functions were measured. The two point correlation function, which allows the reconstruction of 3D models, was carried out for two samples. Seven ceramic tablets of Alumina (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}), seven tablets of Boron Carbide (B{sub 4}C), three samples of sedimentary rocks and one sample of Titanium foam were analyzed. The experimental set up for the Gamma Ray Transmission technique consisted of: a 2'' x 2'' crystal NaI(Tl) detector, an {sup 241} Am radioactive source (59,53 keV, 100 mCi), an automatic micrometric table for the sample XZ movement and standard gamma spectrometry electronics. Two microtomography systems were used: a Fein Focus system, constituted by an X-ray tube, operated at 160 kV and 0.3 to 1.1 mA, a CCD camera and the movement sample system, and a Skyscan system, model 1072, with a X-ray tube operated at 100 kV and 100{mu}A, and a CCD camera. The ceramic tablets, analyzed by the gamma ray transmission technique presented results for most of the porosities data with smaller confidence intervals and inside the intervals supplied by the tablets manufacturer. The Titanium porous sample was analyzed by the two techniques, its microtomography images achieved a resolution of 17{mu}m, obtained employing the Fein Focus system. For both techniques, this sample showed high porosity, which allows its application for this purpose. The sandstones samples were analyzed by the Skyscan system, achieving resolutions of 19{mu}m, 11{mu}m and 3.8{mu}m for each sample, respectively. The resolutions of 11{mu}m and 3.8{mu}m were the ones that generated better 2D sections for the respective samples and, consequently, more reliable porosities. The 3.8{mu}m resolution was the one that best quantified the pore size

  14. Processing and application properties of silicon-doped titanium aluminides; Formgebungs- und Anwendungseigenschaften silizidhaltiger TiAl-Legierungen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fanta, G. [GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH (Germany). Inst. fuer Werkstofforschung

    2001-07-01

    Submicrocrystalline intermetallic/ceramic composites based on the system Ti-Al-Si are prepared by mechanical alloying and subsequent powder consolidation. Finely dispersed silicides prevent coarsening of the {gamma}-TiAl matrix during hot-forming. Therefore, the deformation temperatures can be reduced by about 200 C compared to conventional titanium aluminides. After a subsequent coarsening heat treatment, creep properties comparable to those of conventional TiAl based alloys (1.10{sup -9} s{sup -1} at 700 C) are achieved. This study demonstrates that microstructure design allows for favorable processing properties without compromises regarding the desired application properties. (orig.) [German] Zur Untersuchung des technischen Anwendungspotenzials submikrokristalliner Werkstoffe werden silizidhaltige {gamma}-TiAl-Basislegierungen durch Hochenergiemahlen und heissisostatisches Pressen hergestellt. Bei der industriellen Formgebung ermoeglicht die durch Silizide stabilisierte feine Mikrostruktur eine deutliche Temperaturabsenkung von 200 C im Vergleich zu den fuer Titanaluminide ueblichen Prozesstemperaturen. Nach einer anschliessend durchgefuehrten Gefuegeumwandlung werden Kriechgeschwindigkeiten gemessen, die mit 1.10{sup -9} s{sup -1} bei 700 C im Bereich der Werte schmelzmetallurgisch hergestellter TiAl-Legierungen liegen. Eine gezielte Mikrostrukturgestaltung ermoeglicht somit eine deutliche Verbesserung der Umformeigenschaften unter Beibehaltung der guenstigen Eigenschaften fuer Hochtemperaturanwendungen. (orig.)

  15. Experimental measurements of U24Py nanocluster behavior in aqueous solution

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Flynn, Shannon L.; Szymanowski, Jennifer E.S.; Fein, Jeremy B. [Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States). Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences; Dembowski, Mateusz [Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States). Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Burns, Peter C. [Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States). Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences; Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States). Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry

    2016-07-01

    Uranyl peroxide nanoclusters may impact the mobility and partitioning of uranium at contaminated sites and could be used in the isolation of uranium during the reprocessing of nuclear waste. Their behavior in aqueous systems must be better understood to predict the environmental fate of uranyl peroxide nanoclusters and for their use in engineered systems. The aqueous stability of only one uranyl peroxide nanocluster, U60 (K{sub 16}Li{sub 44}[UO{sub 2}(O{sub 2})OH]{sub 60}), has been studied to date [Flynn, S. L., Szymanowski, J. E. S., Gao, Y., Liu, T., Burns, P. C., Fein, J. B.: Experimental measurements of U60 nanocluster stability in aqueous solution. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta 156, 94-105 (2015)]. In this study, we measured the aqueous stability of a second uranyl peroxide nanocluster, U24Py (Na{sub 30}[(UO{sub 2}){sub 24}(O{sub 2}){sub 24}(HP{sub 2}O{sub 7}){sub 6}(H{sub 2}P{sub 2}O{sub 7}){sub 6}]), in batch systems as a function of time, pH, and nanocluster concentration, and then compared the aqueous behavior of U24Py to U60 to determine whether the size and morphology differences result in differences in their aqueous behaviors. Systems containing U24Py nanoclusters took over 30 days to achieve steady-state concentrations of monomeric U, Na, and P, illustrating slower reaction kinetics than parallel U60 systems. Furthermore, U24Py exhibited lower stability in solution than U60, with an average of 72% of the total mass in each nanocluster suspension being associated with the U24Py nanocluster, whereas 97% was associated with the U60 nanocluster in parallel experiments [Flynn, S. L., Szymanowski, J. E. S., Gao, Y., Liu, T., Burns, P. C., Fein, J. B.: Experimental measurements of U60 nanocluster stability in aqueous solution. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta 156, 94-105 (2015)]. The measurements from the batch experiments were used to calculate ion activity product (IAP) values for the reaction between the U24Py nanocluster and its constituent monomeric

  16. The production phase model as a tool for analysing and structuring the database of an operation management system; Das Phasenmodell der Produktion als ein Werkzeug fuer Analyse und Strukturierung der Datenbasis eines Betriebsmanagementsystems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rauprich, G.; Polke, B.

    1997-12-31

    This paper presents a process analysis which was carried out with the aid of a phase model for the purpose of supporting the start-up phase of an operation management system. Beside providing a functional structure for the database this process analysis permits a functional and consistent representation of the process at as crude or detailed a level as desired. In this way the phase model supplies a functional model of the process which serves the purposes of both the process control and the operation control level. Once the phase model has been created it largely only depends on the question being asked which level of detail and what properties of the relevant process elements and material and energy flows are used. [Deutsch] Eine mit Hilfe des Phasenmodells durchgefuehrte Prozessanalyse unterstuetzt die Einfuehrungsphase eines Betriebsmanagementsystems. Sie gibt eine funktionale Struktur der Datenbank vor und erlaubt darueberhinaus auf der Ebene des Betriebsmanagementsystems eine funktionale, konsistente, beliebig grobe oder feine detaillierte Darstellung des Prozesses. Die Phasenmodellierung liefert damit sowohl fuer die Prozessleitebene als auch fuer die Betriebsleitebene ein ganzheitliches, funktionales Modell des Prozesses. Wenn das Phasenmodell erst einmal erstellt ist, ist es im wesentlichen nur abhaengig von der Fragestellung, welche Detaillierungsebenen mit welchen Eigenschaften der relevanten Prozesselemente und Material-/Energiestroeme verwendet werden. (orig./RHM)

  17. Defense behavior and coping in an autistic savant: the story of Temple Grandin, PhD.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ratey, J J; Grandin, T; Miller, A

    1992-11-01

    The causal factors in the behaviorally defined syndrome of autism remain unclear, although the past decade has brought to bear two significant developments that shape our view of the disorder. The first of these developments is a growing body of biomedical research that indicates there are multiple etiologies associated with the disorder. This research has allowed for the formation of subgroups based upon neuroanatomical, neurobiological, and neurophysiological abnormalities (Damasio 1984; Piggot 1979; Ritvo et al. 1990). The second is neuropsychological research indicating that the socioemotional deficits are primary to the disorder and may underlie much of the behavioral symptomatology (Fein et al. 1986). These areas of concern undoubtedly have enhanced our understanding of the disorder, yet in their achievements they may too easily absorb what we know about autistics who experience a chronic state of physiological hyperarousal, evidence of which has been found in neurophysiological studies (Delius 1967; Hutt et al. 1965), neurochemical studies (Lake et al. 1977), psychopharmacologic studies (Ratey et al. 1987a), and behavioral studies (Kinsbourne 1980; Kootz et al. 1982; Tinbergen and Tinbergen 1972; Zentall and Zentall 1983). These individuals, perhaps constituting a subgroup of their own, experience an inner state of disorganization that markedly impairs their functioning (Sands and Ratey 1986).

  18. Threat Assessment: Do Lone Terrorists Differ from Other Lone Offenders?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diane M. Zierhoffer

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available This study evaluates the viability of a threat assessment model developed to calculate the risk of targeted violence as a predictor of violence by potential lone terrorists. There is no profile, to date, which would assist in the identification of a lone terrorist prior to an attack. The threat assessment model developed by Borum, Fein, Vossekuil, and Berglund and described in “Threat Assessment: Defining an approach for evaluating risk of targeted violence” (1999 poses ten questions about the patterns of thinking and behaviors that may precipitate an attack of targeted violence. Three terrorists are studied to assess the model’s value as a predictor of terrorism. It is assessed for its use within law enforcement, during an investigation of someone brought to attention as a possible terrorist and for family members or friends who suspect potential terrorist behavior. Would these questions encourage someone to report a friend to prevent a possible attack? This threat assessment model provides a foundation for future research focused on developing a structured risk assessment for lone terrorists. In its present form, the questions can assist both citizens and law enforcement personnel in identifying the patterns of thought and behavior potentially indicative of a lone terrorist.

  19. The Intersecting Identity Politics of the Ecuadorian Evangelical Indians

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rickard Lalander

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se analiza el movimiento indígena evangélico ecuatoriano con el énfasis particular en las tensiones entre etnicidad y religión en contextos de movilización política en la provincia de Chimborazo. Chimborazo ha sido una fortaleza tradicional tanto de la Iglesia Católica como posteriormente de las Iglesias Evangélicas, lo que ha contribuido a la excepcionalidad de la provincia y asimismo ha animado la formación de diferentes movimientos políticos. El enfoque principal está en la 'Federación Ecuatoriana de Indígenas Evangélicos '(FEINE y su brazo electoral 'Amauta Jatari', así como sus complejas relaciones con el más amplio movimiento indígena. Teórica y metodológicamente, el artículo se apoya en ideas de 'Interseccionalidad '– que originalmente emergieron en estudios de género – sobre las relaciones entre identidades y categorías socio-culturales. Estas ideas se integran dentro de un marco analítico sociológico-politológico, y consecuentemente se justifica esta integración analítica no solamente por su valor para la apertura de posibilidades de problematización del tema, sino también para poder comprender más claramente la compleja mezcla identitaria que influye en las lógicas colectivas e individuales en la sociedad. ¿Hay un cierto orden jerárquico entre la identificación étnica y religiosa entre pueblos étnicamente definidos y con creencias religiosas específicas? ¿Es esta jerarquía imaginaria constante, o puede cambiar según los diferentes contextos sociales y políticos? English: This study analyses the Ecuadorian Evangelical Indigenous movement with a particular focus on the tensions between ethnicity and religion in political mobilization processes in the Chimborazo province. Chimborazo has been a traditional stronghold both of the Catholic Church and later of Evangelical churches, which makes the province exceptional and has triggered the formation of different political movements

  20. Fast for sure: new developments in laser beam cutting of thin sheet metal; Mit Sicherheit schnell: neue Entwicklungen zum Laserstrahlschneiden von Fein- und Feinstblechen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Petring, D.; Schneider, F.; Thelen, C.; Poprawe, R.l [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Lasertechnik (ILT), Aachen (Germany)

    1999-04-01

    Presently laser beam cutting is a rapidly developing technology. New laser sources with higher power and improved beam quality as well as the modern drive and control equipment together with advanced process developments allow a significant increase in cutting speed at excellent quality features. Recent results in laser beam slitting of sheet metal coils and in fast cutting of car body sheets illustrate this trend. It will be continued be even higher powers and new types of lasers. (orig.)

  1. The use of contrast agent for imaging biological samples

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dammer, J; Sopko, V; Jakubek, J [Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Horska 3a/22, CZ 12800 Prague 2 (Czech Republic); Weyda, F, E-mail: jiri.dammer@utef.cvut.cz [Biological center of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice (Czech Republic)

    2011-01-15

    The technique of X-ray transmission imaging has been available for over a century and is still among the fastest and easiest approaches to the studies of internal structure of biological samples. Recent advances in semiconductor technology have led to the development of new types of X-ray detectors with direct conversion of interacting X-ray photon to an electric signal. Semiconductor pixel detectors seem to be specially promising; compared to the film technique, they provide single-quantum and real-time digital information about the objects being studied. We describe the recently developed radiographic apparatus, equipped with Medipix2 semiconductor pixel detector. The detector is used as an imager that counts individual photons of ionizing radiation, emitted by an X-ray tube (micro- or nano-focus FeinFocus). Thanks to the wide dynamic range of the Medipix2 detector and its high spatial resolution better than 1{mu}m, the setup is particularly suitable for radiographic imaging of small biological samples, including in-vivo observations with contrast agent (Optiray). Along with the description of the apparatus we provide examples of the use iodine contrast agent as a tracer in various insects as model organisms. The motivation of our work is to develop our imaging techniques as non-destructive and non-invasive. Microradiographic imaging helps detect organisms living in a not visible environment, visualize the internal biological processes and also to resolve the details of their body (morphology). Tiny live insects are an ideal object for our studies.

  2. Wiki Loves Monuments 2011: experiència a Espanya i reflexions des de la difusió del patrimoni cultural

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emilio José Rodríguez Posada

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available La Wikipedia va néixer al ciberespai. Els seus primers anys es van caracteritzar per una feina distribuïda i asíncrona entre usuaris de tot el planeta, que amb prou feines tenien relació personal fora de la xarxa. Amb el pas del temps, alguns dels seus voluntaris van fer les anomenades wikitrobades, però al començament les reunions de wikimedistes tenien la finalitat d'estrènyer llaços i no comportaven cap millora directa dels continguts dels projectes. Més endavant van sorgir iniciatives presencials en les quals es van involucrar, a més de voluntaris, algunes entitats culturals; la més recent i que ha tingut més impacte és Wiki Loves Monuments 2011, un concurs destinat a fotografiar monuments de divuit països europeus, entre els quals hi ha Espanya. Gràcies a l'alta participació, s'han pres en conjunt més de 160.000 fotografies de monuments. Espanya ha ocupat el tercer lloc en nombre d'imatges. En aquest article estudiem els orígens de Wiki Loves Monuments, com es va posar en marxa, com es va desenvolupar i els resultats obtinguts. L'èxit de l'edició 2011 i les peticions d'altres països han fet que ja es treballi en l'organització de Wiki Loves Monuments 2012, aquesta vegada a escala mundial.

  3. Uncovering patterns of interest in useful plants. Frequency analysis of individual students’ interest types as a tool for planning botany teaching units

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peter Pany

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The paper presented examines how useful plants can help counteracting “plant blindness” – a phenomenon leading people to overlook plants in everyday-life. Recent research indicates that people are most likely interested in useful plants, hence this group of plants could be used to trigger interest in botanical content in general. This study has investigated the structure of interest in five subgroups of useful plants (medicinal plants, stimulant herbal drugs, spice plants, edible plants, and ornamental plants. For this purpose, the FEIN-questionnaire (Fragebogen zur Erhebung des Interesses an Nutzpflanzen = Questionnaire acquiring interest in useful plants was filled in by N = 1299 pupils from grade 5 to 12. Data analysis shows (for all age groups and both genders that medicinal plants and stimulant herbal drugs trigger high interest while spice plants, edible plants and ornamental plants raise only lower interest. However, mean values do not allow conclusions on individual level (e.g. in a school class. In order to gain information about the interest structure in a specific target group teachers deal with in practice, we have analysed the interests on individual level using frequency analysis of different interest types. Results show that stimulant herbal drugs seem to strongly polarize students, whereas medicinal plants are interesting for almost the whole sample. Eventually, medicinal plants turned out to be well suited to introduce botanical content by means of plants catching the interest of as many students as possible. Therefore, medicinal plants should be established as flagships counteracting plant blindness.

  4. Scintigraphy of the interior of the heart

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bluhm-Kudlacek, G.

    1981-01-01

    A technique of nuclear medical heart diagnosis developed at the department of Nuclear Medicine of the University of Tuebingen (Prof. Dr. Feine) was further developed in this work and examined with respect to uncertainty factors. The main interest was the ejection-fraction of the left ventricle as an important parameter of heart action. After the evaluation of 21 cases, all possible sources of errors in the calculation of the ejection fraction form the first passage of activity were examined systematically. The results of the testprogram were checked in a second evaluation of the case studies. A concept is proposed as a result that should yield reliable and compatible values in future investigations: the demarcation of the region of interest of the left ventricle (ROI) by means of a representative cycle or by accepting a ROI that was identified by a special computer program out of the equilibrium study, the left boundary of the correction area for background correction in the maximum of the background activity time-activity characteristic, a two-fold smoothing of left ventricular and background time-activity characteristic, the use of all cycles for the calculation of the ejection fraction, that are equal or equal to 80% of a maximum particular value. In addition a computer program was introduced for automatic compartment demarcation in equilibrium studies; the results were compared with conventional evaluations. The evaluation with automatic compartment limitation proved to be a simple, relatively user-independent technique for the determination of the ejection fraction on the basis of equilibrium studies. (orig.) [de

  5. From movement to pain: a tribute to professor James P. Lund.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Westberg, Karl-Gunnar; McFarland, David; Kolta, Arlette; Stohler, Christian; Feine, Jocelyne; Woda, Alain

    2008-01-01

    This tribute article to Professor James P. Lund stems from 6 of the presentations delivered at the July 1, 2008, symposium that honored 3 "giants" in orofacial neuroscience: B. J. Sessle, A. G. Hannam, and J. P. Lund. It was noted that soon after his training as a dentist in Australia, Jim Lund became interested in research. At the time he decided to do a PhD, there was a lot of discussion about how rhythmic movements were programmed. The early belief, based on Sherrington's studies of motor systems, was that these movements were simply an alternating series of reflexes. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, some still shared this belief, whereas others favored Graham Brown's hypothesis that repetitive movements were centrally programmed and did not depend on reflexes triggered by sensory inputs. There was no strong evidence then for either scenario except for the rhythmic movements of respiration. Lund's pioneering work during his PhD proved the existence of a central pattern generator (CPG) for mastication in the brainstem. Since then he has been interested in understanding how CPGs function and how sensory feedback works to adjust the motor patterns that they produce. Sections in this tribute article to Lund are written by some of his close collaborators and reflect the evolution of his work throughout the years. The first 4 presentations in this article (by K.-G. Westberg, D. McFarland, A. Kolta, and C. Stohler) highlight various aspects of these interests, and the final 2 presentations (by J. Feine and A. Woda) focus especially on clinical aspects of Lund's interests. The last section of this article is a final commentary from Professor Lund.

  6. Microstructural characterization of industrial foams by gamma ray transmission and X-ray microtomography; Caracterizacao microestrutural de espumas industriais por transmissao de raios gama e microtomografia de raios X

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rodrigues, Luiz Eduardo

    2004-07-01

    This work presents the total porosity measurements of the aluminum and silicon carbide (SiC) foams samples. For porosity determination the gamma ray transmission and X-ray microtomography with conic beam techniques were used. These methods have more advantage than conventional ones, because they are non destructive and provide more details of the analyzed material porous structure. The aluminum foam samples with 10, 20, 30, 40 and 45 ppi (pores per inch) and SiC ceramic foam samples with 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 80 and 90 ppi were analysed by gamma transmission. The SiC 60, 75 and 90 ppi samples were also analyzed by X-ray microtomography. For the gamma ray transmission measurements it was used an {sup 241} Am source (59.53 keV), a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector, collimators, a XYZ micrometric table and standard gamma spectrometry electronics connected to a multichannel analyzer, at the LFNA/UEL. For the X-ray microtomographic measurements, the Fein Focus X-ray system of the Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory of the COPPE, located at the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, was used. This equipment provide us images with micrometric resolution (53.48 {mu}m) using a conic X-ray beam and bidimensional detection. The microtomographic images were pre-processed and analyzed by the Imago software, developed at Porous Media and Materials Thermophysical Properties Laboratory (LMPT) of the Mechanical Engineering Department, located at Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC. Employing the The Imago software it was calculated the total porosity, pore size distribution and autocorrelation function C(u) of the binarized microtomographic images of the each sample. The microtomographic 3-D image of each sample was compared with 3-D image reconstructed by the Gaussian truncated method. This method generates a periodic 3-D porous structure by using of the autocorrelation function of one 2-D cross sectional image of the sample. (author)

  7. MicroCT evaluation of bone mineral density loss in human bones

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nogueira, Liebert P.; Braz, Delson; Lopes, Ricardo T.; Barroso, Regina C.; Oliveira, Luis F.

    2007-01-01

    Bone is a connective tissue largely composed of an organic protein, collagen and the inorganic mineral hydroxyapatite [Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 OH 2 ], which combine to provide a mechanical and supportive role in the body. Depending on the orientation of collagen fibers, two types of bone can be distinguished: trabecular and cortical bone. Degree of mineralization is considered an important feature of bone quality. Changes in the degree of mineralization is generally due to osteoporosis, but many recent studies have already shown that alterations in degree of mineralization can occur due to a large variety of factors. The transmission X-ray microtomography is one of the most popular methods, which provides the spatial distribution of the total absorption coefficient inside the sample. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of using microCT as a supplementary tool for the diagnosis of the health status of human bones. Eleven samples were constructed simulating the physiological range of bone mineral density (BMD) found in cortical human bone. The samples represent healthy mixtures of swine compact bone dried at room temperature, powdered and mixed with fat (0 - 100 % by mass). The samples were imaged by a microfocus tube (Fein-Focus) with focal size of about 60 μm (±5%), and a CCD camera (0.143 mm pixel size) coupled with an intensifier tube with fluoroscope screen at the Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory (COPPE/UFRJ), Brazil. The images were reconstructed and treated with suitable software developed at the Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory. The mineral content in cortical bone is defined by the volume of dry, fat-free bone per unit bulk volume of the bone. The volumes were calculated from the bone density using the relationship between volume and density. The densities of fat and bone were taken to be 0.95 g.cm -3 and 1.92 g.cm -3 respectively. The correlation of the measured absorption coefficient with the mineral content in the samples was then

  8. Microstructural characterization of industrial foams by gamma ray transmission and X-ray microtomography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rodrigues, Luiz Eduardo

    2004-01-01

    This work presents the total porosity measurements of the aluminum and silicon carbide (SiC) foams samples. For porosity determination the gamma ray transmission and X-ray microtomography with conic beam techniques were used. These methods have more advantage than conventional ones, because they are non destructive and provide more details of the analyzed material porous structure. The aluminum foam samples with 10, 20, 30, 40 and 45 ppi (pores per inch) and SiC ceramic foam samples with 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 80 and 90 ppi were analysed by gamma transmission. The SiC 60, 75 and 90 ppi samples were also analyzed by X-ray microtomography. For the gamma ray transmission measurements it was used an 241 Am source (59.53 keV), a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector, collimators, a XYZ micrometric table and standard gamma spectrometry electronics connected to a multichannel analyzer, at the LFNA/UEL. For the X-ray microtomographic measurements, the Fein Focus X-ray system of the Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory of the COPPE, located at the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, was used. This equipment provide us images with micrometric resolution (53.48 μm) using a conic X-ray beam and bidimensional detection. The microtomographic images were pre-processed and analyzed by the Imago software, developed at Porous Media and Materials Thermophysical Properties Laboratory (LMPT) of the Mechanical Engineering Department, located at Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC. Employing the The Imago software it was calculated the total porosity, pore size distribution and autocorrelation function C(u) of the binarized microtomographic images of the each sample. The microtomographic 3-D image of each sample was compared with 3-D image reconstructed by the Gaussian truncated method. This method generates a periodic 3-D porous structure by using of the autocorrelation function of one 2-D cross sectional image of the sample. (author)

  9. MicroCT evaluation of bone mineral density loss in human bones

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nogueira, Liebert P.; Braz, Delson; Lopes, Ricardo T. [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Lab. de Instrumentacao Nuclear]. E-mails: lnogueira@con.ufrj.br; Barroso, Regina C.; Oliveira, Luis F. [Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica]. E-mail: cely@uerj.br

    2007-07-01

    Bone is a connective tissue largely composed of an organic protein, collagen and the inorganic mineral hydroxyapatite [Ca{sub 10}(PO{sub 4}){sub 6}OH{sub 2}], which combine to provide a mechanical and supportive role in the body. Depending on the orientation of collagen fibers, two types of bone can be distinguished: trabecular and cortical bone. Degree of mineralization is considered an important feature of bone quality. Changes in the degree of mineralization is generally due to osteoporosis, but many recent studies have already shown that alterations in degree of mineralization can occur due to a large variety of factors. The transmission X-ray microtomography is one of the most popular methods, which provides the spatial distribution of the total absorption coefficient inside the sample. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of using microCT as a supplementary tool for the diagnosis of the health status of human bones. Eleven samples were constructed simulating the physiological range of bone mineral density (BMD) found in cortical human bone. The samples represent healthy mixtures of swine compact bone dried at room temperature, powdered and mixed with fat (0 - 100 % by mass). The samples were imaged by a microfocus tube (Fein-Focus) with focal size of about 60 {mu}m ({+-}5%), and a CCD camera (0.143 mm pixel size) coupled with an intensifier tube with fluoroscope screen at the Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory (COPPE/UFRJ), Brazil. The images were reconstructed and treated with suitable software developed at the Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory. The mineral content in cortical bone is defined by the volume of dry, fat-free bone per unit bulk volume of the bone. The volumes were calculated from the bone density using the relationship between volume and density. The densities of fat and bone were taken to be 0.95 g.cm{sup -3} and 1.92 g.cm{sup -3} respectively. The correlation of the measured absorption coefficient with the mineral content

  10. Focal lesions in whole-body MRI in multiple myeloma. Quantification of tumor mass and correlation with disease-related parameters and prognosis; Fokale Laesionen in der Ganzkoerper-MRT beim multiplen Myelom. Quantifizierung der Tumorlast und Korrelation mit krankheitstypischen Parametern und Prognose

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Brandelik, S.C.; Kauczor, H.U. [Universitaetsklinikum Heidelberg, Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Heidelberg (Germany); Krzykalla, J.; Hielscher, T. [Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (dkfz), Biostatistik, Heidelberg (Germany); Hillengass, J. [Universitaetsklinikum Heidelberg, Haematologie und Onkologie, Heidelberg (Germany); Kloth, J.K. [Radiologie Loebau, Loebau (Germany); Weber, M.A. [Universitaetsklinikum Heidelberg, Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Heidelberg (Germany); Universitaetsmedizin Rostock, Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Rostock (Germany)

    2018-01-15

    fokalem Befallsmuster wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet. 700 fokale Laesionen (im Folgenden Laesionen genannt) wurden in kugelig und nicht-kugelig eingeteilt, manuell segmentiert und der laengste Durchmesser (LD) bestimmt. Gesamtanzahl und -volumen der Laesionen wurden mit klinischen Parametern und Prognose sowie der LD mit dem segmentierten Volumen (SV) der Laesionen korreliert. SV und per Kugelformel anhand dem LD berechnetes Volumen (BV) wurden auf Uebereinstimmung analysiert. Es zeigten sich keine signifikanten Korrelationen von Gesamtanzahl/-volumen der Laesionen mit den ueberwiegend normwertigen Parametern oder der Prognose. 10 % der Laesionen waren kugelig. SV und LD korrelierten signifikant fuer die einzelnen Laesionen und auf Patientenebene. Das SV war bei Laesionen <6 cm{sup 3} systematisch groesser, bei Laesionen ≥6 cm{sup 3} kleiner als das BV. Zu 95 % zeigten kleine Laesionen Abweichungen des BV von +0,9 bis -4,6 cm{sup 3} und grosse Laesionen von +160 bis -111 cm{sup 3} gegenueber dem SV (BV-SV). Bei ueberwiegend nicht-kugeligen Laesionen wird die Tumorlast bei fokalem Befallsmuster akkurater durch die Volumetrie als durch die Bestimmung des LD quantifiziert. Die Patientenkohorte ist mit ueberwiegend normwertigen klinischen Parametern in Richtung Stadium I des ''International Staging System'' verteilt und teilweise vorbehandelt, was die Interpretation fehlender Korrelationen erschwert. Auch sind eine unterschiedliche Aktivitaet der Laesionen und ein MR-morphologisch nicht fassbarer diffuser Befall zu ueberlegen. (orig.)

  11. Carbide-metal assemblages in a sample returned from asteroid 25143 Itokawa: Evidence for methane-rich fluids during metamorphism

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harries, Dennis; Langenhorst, Falko

    2018-02-01

    We found that the particle RA-QD02-0115 returned by the Hayabusa spacecraft from near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa contains the iron carbide haxonite (Fe21.9-22.7Co0.2-0.3Ni0.2-0.8)C6 and several Fe,Ni alloys, including multi-domain tetrataenite and spinodally decomposed taenite. Ellipsoidal to nearly spherical voids occur throughout the particle and suggest the presence of a fluid phase during textural and chemical equilibration of the host rock within the parent asteroid of 25143 Itokawa. The calculated solubility of carbon in Fe,Ni metal indicates that the carbide formed at temperatures larger than 600 °C during thermal metamorphism of the LL-chondritic mineral assemblage. Haxonite formed metastably with respect to graphite and cohenite, probably due to its high degree of lattice match with neighboring taenite, a low cooling rate at peak metamorphic temperatures, and the hindered nucleation of graphite. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations indicate that the fluid present was dry (H2O-poor) and dominated by methane. The reactive fluid most plausibly had an atomic H/C ratio of 4-5 and was derived from the reduction of macromolecular, insoluble organic matter (IOM) that initially co-accreted with water ice. The initial presence of water is a necessary assumption to provide sufficient hydrogen for the formation of methane from hydrolyzed IOM. Metallic iron was in turn partially oxidized and incorporated into the ferromagnesian silicates during the high-temperature stage of metamorphism. An exemplary bulk reaction from unequilibrated material on the left to an equilibrated assemblage on the right may be written as: 330 CH0.8O0.2(IOM) + 500 H2O(ice/g) + 681 Fe(in alloy) + 566 FeSiO3(in Opx) → 300 CH4(g) + 32 H2(g) + 5 Fe23C6(in Hx) + 566 Fe2SiO4(in Ol) (Opx = orthopyroxene, Hx = haxonite, Ol = olivine, g = fluid species). The best estimate of the fluid/rock ratio in the region of the LL parent body where RA-QD02-0115 formed is about 3 × 10-3 and corresponds to

  12. CT-guided diagnostic interventions for classification of focal hepatic lesions: A comparison of 14 G- and 18 G-large bore cutting needles; CT-gesteuerte perkutane Biopsien zur Klassifizierung von fokalen Leberlaesionen: Vergleich zwischen 14 G- und 18 G-Stanzbiopsienadeln

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Haage, P.; Piroth, W.; Staatz, G.; Adam, G.; Guenther, R.W. [Klinik fuer Radiologische Diagnostik, Universitaetsklinikum der RWTH Aachen (Germany)

    1999-07-01

    Purpose: Analysis and comparison of CT-guided 14- and 18-gauge cutting needle biopsies to accurately assess focal liver disease. Methods: The data of 272 CT-guided biopsies in 268 patients were evaluated retrospectively with regard to sensitivity, specificity and complication rate of the chosen needle caliber in differentiating between benign and malignant disease as well as in the ability to determine specific cell types in the various disorders. A 14-gauge (G) needle was used in 101 (37.1%) cases, in 18-g needle biopsy was performed in 171 (62.9%) cases. The Fisher exact test was employed for statistical analysis. Results: Cutting needle biopsy yielded sufficient histologic material in 267 of 272 (98.2%) cases. Correct diagnosis of malignancy was established in 178 of 191 (93.2%) lesions, 73 of 76 (96.1%) disorders were accurately defined as benign, resulting in an overall value of 94.0% (251 of 267). Of these 251 biopsies a definite histological diagnosis could be determined in 90.6% of the cases employing a 14 G needle and in 90.3% using an 18-g needle. The sensitivity, specificity and rate of complications were 94.8%, 92.0%%, 3.0% for the 14-g needle and 92.7%, 97.6%, 0.6% for the 18-g needle, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences with regard to the needle size. Conclusions: CT-guided biopsy of hepatic lesions with the 18-g biopsy needle is of equivalent diagnostic accuracy when compared with the 14-g needle. (orig.) [Deutsch] Ziel: Analyse und Vergleich CT-gesteuerter Fein- und Grobstanzbiopsien zur definitiven Abklaerung unklarer fokaler Leberveraenderungen. Methoden: Die Daten von insgesamt 272 CT-gefuehrten Punktionen an 268 Patienten wurden retrospektiv hinsichtlich Sensitivitaet, Spezifitaet und Komplikationsrate zur Dignitaetsbestimmung und Faehigkeit zur artdiagnostischen Einordnung unter Beruecksichtigung der Groesse der gewaehlten Punktionsnadel ueberprueft und ausgewertet. In 101 (37,1%) Faellen wurde eine 14 Gauge (G

  13. Dažu Ziemeļrietumvidzemes aizgūto leksēmu dinamika

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elga Kagaine

    2011-11-01

    Stuck, Splitter’ zu beziehen. Semantisch ist izdilis kâ ķil̃ts mit der analogen Konstruktion (tievs, izdilis kâ skals zu vergleichen.porumi, puromi; das Wort ist mit der Grundbedeutung ‘Schutt, Kehricht; Krümchen; Spreu’ aufgezeichnet worden, resp. auf etwas Kleines, Feines, Zerkleinertes u.dgl. zu beziehen. Dies lässt vermuten, dass nordwestlivländisches porumi, puromi mit estn. puru (siehe M ä g i s t e VII 2244 II puru ‘Krümchen, Staubkorn, Stäubchen’, ‘Schutt, Mull’ und puruma ‘zerbrechen, zerkleinern’ in Verbindung stehen könnte.ķilputra, kilputra ‘aus dem Brotteig gekochter Brei’; ‘Grütze aus Roggenmehl’; siehe M ä g i s t e III 824 II kile ‘saurer Haferbrei’ + putra ‘Brei’.Bei einem Teil der entlehnten Lexeme kann die Herkunft mit der Kontamination Zusammenhängen: siehe narcaka, narcaks + grabažas > narkažas, narbažas ‘alte, abgetragene Sachen, abgenutzte Gegenstände; Lappen’; porumi, puromi + -akas (lancakas, poncakas ’alte, abgetragene Kleider, Kleidungsstücke, Fetzen’ > porakas ‘Schutt, Splitter, Reisig, Kehricht’.

  14. Consideracions sobre la reforma del règim d'accés a l'ocupació pública - Consideraciones sobre la reforma del régimen de acceso al empleo público - Some Considerations on the Reform of the System Governing Access to Public Employment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Sánchez Morón

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available L'aprovació de l'Estatut bàsic de l'empleat públic l'any 2007 va obrir la possibilitat d'introduir canvis significatius en el model tradicional de selecció dels funcionaris públics implantat al país, un model basat en les oposicions, que és massa formalitzat i que, de fet, s'ha anat abandonant gradualment en els últims temps a favor de procediments que garanteixen en menor mesura l'aplicació dels principis d'igualtat i de mèrit i capacitat. Tanmateix, fins ara l'EBEP amb prou feines s'ha desplegat per lleis estatals i autonòmiques, i les escasses lleis aprovades a aquest efecte són molt poc innovadores en matèria de selecció. El present article, partint del text de l'EBEP i dels suggeriments de la Comissió d'experts constituïda per preparar-lo, estudia els principals problemes pendents i les possibles alternatives legals. En virtut d'això, formula una sèrie de propostes de reforma, fundades tant en una major garantia dels principis constitucionals com en la necessitat d'agilitar els processos de selecció i de flexibilitzar els sistemes aplicables.La aprobación del Estatuto Básico del Empleado Público en el año 2007 abrió la posibilidad de introducir cambios significativos en el tradicional modelo de selección de los funcionarios públicos implantado en el país, un modelo basado en las oposiciones, que es demasiado formalizado y que, de hecho, se ha venido abandonando gradualmente en los últimos tiempos a favor de procedimientos que garantizan en menor medida la aplicación de los principios de igualdad y de mérito y capacidad. Sin embargo, hasta ahora el EBEP apenas se ha desarrollado por leyes estatales y autonómicas y las escasas leyes aprobadas al efecto son muy poco innovadoras en materia de selección. El presente artículo, partiendo del texto del EBEP y de las sugerencias de la Comisión de expertos constituida para su preparación, estudia los principales problemas pendientes y las posibles alternativas

  15. Diagnose nutricional de cafeeiros da região do Alto Jequitinhonha (MG: normas dris e faixas críticas de nutrientes Nutritional diagnosis of coffee plantations in the Upper Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: dris norms and critical nutrient ranges

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Múcio Mágno de Melo Farnezi

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available As normas do Sistema Integrado de Diagnose e Recomendação (DRIS ainda não foram estabelecidas para a cultura do café do Alto Jequitinhonha, MG, o que impede que o DRIS seja aplicado nos cafeeiros da região. A diagnose foliar, mediante o uso do DRIS e de faixas críticas de referência, destaca-se entre as ferramentas potenciais que permitem usar eficientemente os fertilizantes. Desse modo, este trabalho objetiva estabelecer as normas DRIS, bem como estimar os valores das faixas críticas dos nutrientes de referência para a diagnose nutricional de cafeeiros da região do Alto Jequitinhonha, por meio do DRIS. Determinaram-se os teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn em 52 lavouras cafeeiras, em duas safras (2005 e 2006. Foram selecionadas, para estabelecer as normas DRIS, 23 lavouras em cada safra com produtividade maior e igual a 30 sacas de grãos de café por hectare. As faixas críticas obtidas do DRIS, determinando-se a frequência com que o teor de cada nutriente das lavouras nas duas safras foi deficiente, adequado ou excessivo em relação aos padrões mencionados e teores considerados adequados pela literatura. As normas DRIS foram estabelecidas para cafeeiros da região do Alto Jequitinhonha e utilizadas para propor faixas críticas adequadas. Para isso, foram estabelecidos os valores para N (2,25-2,79 dag kg-1, P (0,18-0,22 dag kg-1, K (1,72-2,10 dag kg-1, Ca (1,26-1,51 dag kg-1, Mg (0,29-0,35 dag kg-1, S (0,13-0,32 dag kg-1, B (83,8-96,3 mg kg-1, Cu (5,7-9,3 mg kg-1, Fe (67,5-116,2 mg kg-1, Mn (219-422 mg kg-1 e Zn (17,4-30,0 mg kg-1, e faixas críticas adequadas para diagnose nutricional de cafeeiros da região do Alto Jequitinhonha, no Estado de Minas Gerais. Os cafezais da região em desequilíbrio apresentaram deficiência em P, K, S, B, Cu, Mn e Zn e excesso de Ca, Mg e Fe.In the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS, norms for coffee in the Upper Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil