Location mortgage in accounting objects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I.M. Vygiska

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The article analyzes the mechanism of the implementation of all kinds of mortgage (mortgage, pledge, mortgage of securities, security of property rights, the mortgage of goods in circulation or processing, tax lien defined the specificity of receipt/return of the mortgage, particularly payments between mortgagor and the mortgagee. Determine the subject property entities that can act as mortgage; identified by their place in the system of objects of accounting mortgagor and the mortgagee. The peculiarities of the balance sheet and off-balance sheet assets as a reflection of your collateral. Identified two groups of mortgage transactions: transactions with mortgage for its receipt and transmission; business transactions related to the conditions of loan agreements (loan and mortgage. The results are shown in the research paper proposals allow for further research to develop mortgage organizational and methodological support the operations accounting for the effective management of financial resources and obligations, collateralised.

Numerical ability predicts mortgage default.

Science.gov (United States)

Gerardi, Kristopher; Goette, Lorenz; Meier, Stephan

2013-07-09

Unprecedented levels of US subprime mortgage defaults precipitated a severe global financial crisis in late 2008, plunging much of the industrialized world into a deep recession. However, the fundamental reasons for why US mortgages defaulted at such spectacular rates remain largely unknown. This paper presents empirical evidence showing that the ability to perform basic mathematical calculations is negatively associated with the propensity to default on one's mortgage. We measure several aspects of financial literacy and cognitive ability in a survey of subprime mortgage borrowers who took out loans in 2006 and 2007, and match them to objective, detailed administrative data on mortgage characteristics and payment histories. The relationship between numerical ability and mortgage default is robust to controlling for a broad set of sociodemographic variables, and is not driven by other aspects of cognitive ability. We find no support for the hypothesis that numerical ability impacts mortgage outcomes through the choice of the mortgage contract. Rather, our results suggest that individuals with limited numerical ability default on their mortgage due to behavior unrelated to the initial choice of their mortgage.

Numerical ability predicts mortgage default

Science.gov (United States)

Gerardi, Kristopher; Goette, Lorenz; Meier, Stephan

2013-01-01

Unprecedented levels of US subprime mortgage defaults precipitated a severe global financial crisis in late 2008, plunging much of the industrialized world into a deep recession. However, the fundamental reasons for why US mortgages defaulted at such spectacular rates remain largely unknown. This paper presents empirical evidence showing that the ability to perform basic mathematical calculations is negatively associated with the propensity to default on one’s mortgage. We measure several aspects of financial literacy and cognitive ability in a survey of subprime mortgage borrowers who took out loans in 2006 and 2007, and match them to objective, detailed administrative data on mortgage characteristics and payment histories. The relationship between numerical ability and mortgage default is robust to controlling for a broad set of sociodemographic variables, and is not driven by other aspects of cognitive ability. We find no support for the hypothesis that numerical ability impacts mortgage outcomes through the choice of the mortgage contract. Rather, our results suggest that individuals with limited numerical ability default on their mortgage due to behavior unrelated to the initial choice of their mortgage. PMID:23798401

ENFORCEMENT OF MORTGAGE CONTRACT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alisa A. BELU

2016-07-01

Full Text Available A chattel mortgage contract is the expression of a real guarantee that gives the creditor precedence over other creditors, in addition to the general pledge upon the belongings of the debtor. It refers to the sale of mortgaged movable assets, exclusively or prioritized in favor of the mortgaging creditor, in case the debtor does not comply with his / her commitments, under the signed mortgage contract. Beginning from this purpose, shared by both sides (as the chattel mortgage contract is synallagmatic, in case the debtor is unable to fulfill his / her commitments, the sides reach a situation of enforcement of the signed chattel mortgage contract. Given the legal status of the chattel mortgage contract [Art. 2387-2477 Noul Cod Civil , Universul Juridic, Bucureşti, 2016, ISBN 978-606-673-792-0], the principle of binding force of the contract and the principle according to which signed legal conventions will entail legal effects, the Romanian law maker developed the proper legal framework for the enforcement of the chattel mortgage contract. [art. 622 si urm. Noul Cod de Procedură Civilă, ed. Hamangiu, Bucureşti, 2016, ISBN 978-606-27-0459-9].

24 CFR 4001.203 - Calculation of upfront and annual mortgage insurance premiums for Program mortgages.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... mortgage insurance premiums for Program mortgages. 4001.203 Section 4001.203 Housing and Urban Development... HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM HOPE FOR HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM Rights and Obligations Under the Contract of Insurance § 4001.203 Calculation of upfront and annual mortgage insurance premiums for Program mortgages. (a...

Portfolio Optimization and Mortgage Choice

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maj-Britt Nordfang

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This paper studies the optimal mortgage choice of an investor in a simple bond market with a stochastic interest rate and access to term life insurance. The study is based on advances in stochastic control theory, which provides analytical solutions to portfolio problems with a stochastic interest rate. We derive the optimal portfolio of a mortgagor in a simple framework and formulate stylized versions of mortgage products offered in the market today. This allows us to analyze the optimal investment strategy in terms of optimal mortgage choice. We conclude that certain extreme investors optimally choose either a traditional fixed rate mortgage or an adjustable rate mortgage, while investors with moderate risk aversion and income prefer a mix of the two. By matching specific investor characteristics to existing mortgage products, our study provides a better understanding of the complex and yet restricted mortgage choice faced by many household investors. In addition, the simple analytical framework enables a detailed analysis of how changes to market, income and preference parameters affect the optimal mortgage choice.

17 CFR 210.12-23 - Mortgage loans on real estate and interest earned on mortgages. 1

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... each of the above classes of mortgage loans the average gross rate of interest on mortgage loans held... mortgages sold Amortization of premium Other (describe) Balance at close of period $ If additions represent... item of mortgage loans on real estate investments has been written down or reserved against pursuant to...

76 FR 38463 - SAFE Mortgage Licensing Act: Minimum Licensing Standards and Oversight Responsibilities

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-30

... housing laws that address the dramatic rise in mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures in the residential... regarding the status and employment history of all state-licensed and federally loan originators, as well as...

Comparative Analysis Of Agricultural News Covered By Federal ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This study investigated the frequency of agricultural news coverage in three Nigerians newspapers. The three papers were the Federal Government Daily Times, the Rivers State Government Tide, and a Privately owned and well read The Guardian. The objective of the study was to compare the extent of agricultural news ...

Accounting mortgage transactions: directions of improvement

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I.M. Vygivska

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Fragmentation methods of accounting of contractual obligations secured by mortgage, discussion questions evaluating the object of mortgage at the stage of conclusion of loan agreements (credit and the probability of default and foreclosure with the mortgagor necessitated a comprehensive research and development of methodical maintenance of accounting mortgage transactions in subjects of its implementation (the mortgagor and mortgagee, including the improvement of the order of accounting reflection operations with a mortgage of property rights, hypothec, «solid mortgage», mortgage securities, the mortgage of goods in circulation or processing. The article also provides the procedure of evaluating the object of mortgage at default of the mortgagor conditions of the contract taking into account its depreciation (physical and moral deterioration during the loan repayment period; the author specifies the procedure for recording of transactions related to the sale of such objects as the basis for providing contractual management process obligations of the debtor with relevant information.

24 CFR 257.203 - Calculation of up-front and annual mortgage insurance premiums for H4H program mortgages.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... mortgage insurance premiums for H4H program mortgages. 257.203 Section 257.203 Housing and Urban... mortgage insurance premiums for H4H program mortgages. (a) Applicable premiums. Any mortgage presented for... LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES HOPE FOR HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM...

Terminated Multifamily Mortgages Database

Data.gov (United States)

Department of Housing and Urban Development — This dataset includes all terminated HUD Multifamily mortgages except those from the Hospital Mortgage Insurance Program. It includes the Holder and Servicer at the...

Safe and Liquid Mortgage Bonds

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dick-Nielsen, Jens; Gyntelberg, Jacob; Lund, Jesper

This paper shows that strict match pass-through funding of covered bonds provides safe and liquid mortgage bonds. Despite a 30% drop in house prices during the 2008 global crisis Danish mortgage bonds remained as liquid as most European government bonds. The Danish pass-through system effectively...... eliminates credit risk from the investor's perspective. Similar to other safe bonds, funding liquidity becomes the main driver of mortgage bond liquidity and this creates commonality in liquidity across markets and countries. These findings have implications for how to design a robust mortgage bond system...

78 FR 36562 - 30-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-18

... with hearing or speech impairments may access this number through TTY by calling the toll-free Federal... analysis, underwriting analysis, and collection of mortgage insurance premiums for loans that meet...

Mortgage Finance in Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2011-01-01

A brief introduction to the Danish mortgage system and some of the challenges and possibilities within this framework.......A brief introduction to the Danish mortgage system and some of the challenges and possibilities within this framework....

24 CFR 203.18c - One-time or up-front mortgage insurance premium excluded from limitations on maximum mortgage...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... insurance premium excluded from limitations on maximum mortgage amounts. 203.18c Section 203.18c Housing and...-front mortgage insurance premium excluded from limitations on maximum mortgage amounts. After... LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGE...

Mortgage Debt and Wages

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wood, James

2017-01-01

Different approaches to mortgage debt may impact wages, how homeowners engage with employers and welfare services, and economic growth.......Different approaches to mortgage debt may impact wages, how homeowners engage with employers and welfare services, and economic growth....

Mortgage market regulation: Europe

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aalbers, M.B.; Smith, S.J.

2012-01-01

Despite several European Union (EU) initiatives, there is only limited pan-European mortgage market regulation. The EU strategy can be characterised as one of parallel liberalisation and consolidation. This article highlights the key differences in regulation among European mortgage markets.

24 CFR 221.254 - Mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premiums. 221... Cost Homes § 221.254 Mortgage insurance premiums. (a) All of the provisions of §§ 203.260 through 203.295 of this chapter relating to mortgage insurance premiums shall apply to mortgages insured under...

78 FR 41339 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Multifamily Mortgage Insurance; Capturing Excess Claim Proceeds

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-10

... mortgage insurance eligibility requirements and contract rights and obligations can be found at 24 CFR part... contract rights and obligations of mortgagees participating in FHA multifamily insurance programs and using...: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: This proposed rule would amend HUD's regulations covering the contract rights and...

26 CFR 301.7701(i)-1 - Definition of a taxable mortgage pool.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... pool of real estate mortgages from escaping Federal income taxation when the pool is used to issue... other third party agrees to make advances (regardless of whether, under the terms of the agreement, the payor is obligated, or merely permitted, to make those advances). An agreement by a debt servicer to...

The globalization and Europeanization of mortgage markets

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aalbers, M.B.

2009-01-01

Do globalization and Europeanization lead to the deterritorialization of European mortgage markets? Neither economic globalization nor EU policies have resulted in one European mortgage market. The various European mortgage markets are still quite different from one another in many respects. In most

76 FR 29147 - Federal Home Loan Bank Investments

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-20

...-AA32 Federal Home Loan Bank Investments AGENCY: Federal Housing Finance Agency; Federal Housing Finance...-adopting existing investment regulations that apply to the Federal Home Loan Banks (Banks) and that were...' investment in mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and certain asset-backed securities (ABS) that were previously...

76 FR 78483 - S.A.F.E. Mortgage Licensing Act (Regulations G & H)

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-19

... BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION 12 CFR Part 1007 and 1008 [Docket No. CFPB-2011-0023] RIN 3170-AA06 S.A.F.E. Mortgage Licensing Act (Regulations G & H) AGENCY: Bureau of Consumer Financial... number of consumer financial protection laws from seven Federal agencies to the Bureau of Consumer...

How to Manage the Mortgage Credit Risk in Turkey? Can Dual-indexed Mortgages be a Remedy?

OpenAIRE

Ali Alp; M. Mete Doganay

2009-01-01

A market-oriented housing finance system has been under discussion in Turkey recently. In this article we analyze different types of mortgages that have been used in developed and developing countries to select the one that is most appropriate for Turkey-one which minimizes risks for both lenders and borrowers. Each type of mortgage presents different risks to borrowers and lenders. After taking into consideration the economic history of Turkey, we conclude that the most appropriate mortgage ...

24 CFR 203.255 - Insurance of mortgage.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... Mortgage Scorecard is used by the mortgagee, and the TOTAL Mortgage Scorecard has determined that the application represents an acceptable risk under terms and conditions agreed to by the FHA, a Direct... also applicable to the use of the TOTAL Mortgage Scorecard: (i) Mortgagees and vendors must certify to...

24 CFR 241.1030 - Mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premiums. 241... Loans-Eligibility Requirements § 241.1030 Mortgage insurance premiums. The lender, upon endorsement of the note, shall pay the Commissioner a first mortgage insurance premium equal to 0.5 percent of the...

ANALYSIS OF MORTGAGE LENDING IN BANKS IN UKRAINE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Violetta Kharabara

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The purpose is a mortgage market that occupies one of the major places among the financial mechanisms of economic stimulation and stable development of the economy. The mortgage market occupies one of the main places of financial mechanisms and economic incentives for the sustainable economic development. Mortgage lending covers the provision of long-term bank loans for the purchase, construction of residential real estate, as well as for repairs or to develop their own small businesses, where the collateral for such loans is real estate. Distinctive features of mortgages include: mortgages, like any collateral, in fact, is a way to ensure proper implementation of the other (main liabilities – loan or credit agreement, lease, contract, compensation, etc.; the subject of a mortgage is always real estate. Real estate includes land plots and everything that is firmly associated with them: buildings, perennial plants, etc.; mortgaged property remains in the possession of the debtor; the agreement between the creditor and the debtor on the establishment of a mortgage is formalized by a special document – the mortgage, which is also subject to state registration. The mortgage crediting is the method of accumulation of financial resources, effective instrument of bank activity, and an important factor in economic development of the country on the whole. Research results are market of the real estate and financial services development, to the revival of fund market, here the mortgage crediting is capable not only of activating reforms in industries of the economy but also gradually providing the decision of housing problems of the population. Practical consequences consist in the solution of problems that are related to the market for mortgage services of Ukraine’s development from 2006 to 2016. Value/originality. Analysis of the mortgage market in Ukraine shows that in recent years, its scope, dynamics, and trends do not meet the needs of either

24 CFR 203.32 - Mortgage lien.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... obligations contracted in connection with the mortgage transaction or the purchase of the mortgaged property, except obligations that are secured by property or collateral owned by the mortgagor independently of the...

24 CFR 266.415 - Mortgage lien and other obligations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... determine, that all contractual obligations in connection with the mortgage transaction, including the... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage lien and other obligations... Mortgage and Closing Requirements; HUD Endorsement § 266.415 Mortgage lien and other obligations. (a) Liens...

24 CFR 266.602 - Mortgage insurance premium: Insured advances.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium: Insured... Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.602 Mortgage insurance premium: Insured.... On each anniversary of the initial closing, the HFA shall pay an interim mortgage insurance premium...

Residential Mortgage Market in Economic and Social Development of Ukraine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Onysko Stefaniia M.

2014-02-01

Full Text Available The article studies tendencies of development of the residential mortgage market in Ukraine in the post-crisis period 2009 – 2012, identifies main tendencies of development of the Ukrainian mortgage market and conducts analysis of the level of mortgage interest rates. The article analyses the modern state of the mortgage market of Ukraine, dynamics of volumes of mortgage loans, their cost, structure of banks as mortgage creditors and cost of housing in Ukraine in the studied period. The article makes a number of offers on efficiency of mortgage, offers directions of financial support of rehabilitation of the market for solving housing problems of the population and identifies importance of state support of mortgage development.

24 CFR 266.604 - Mortgage insurance premium: Other requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium: Other... Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.604 Mortgage insurance premium: Other..., based upon the respective share of risk, that is to be used in calculating mortgage insurance premiums...

75 FR 23631 - Federal Home Loan Bank Investments

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-04

... 2590-AA32 Federal Home Loan Bank Investments AGENCY: Federal Housing Finance Agency, Federal Housing... Finance Agency (FHFA) is proposing to re- organize and re-adopt existing investment regulations that apply... incorporate into the new part 1267 limits on the Banks' investment in mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and...

Pricing Shared Appreciation Mortgages

OpenAIRE

Zhong, Yina

2006-01-01

This paper develops a model for the valuation of shared appreciation mortgage (SAM) and examines the effect of reduction in interest rate on the mortgage duration and share of property appreciation lender charges. The recent rise in SAM availability, as a result of some secondary market financial support and prerequisite standardization, motivates a more careful consideration of the underlying SAM value. The primary difference between the SAM model and the model for general traditional mor...

Fracking and mortgage default

OpenAIRE

Cunningham, Christopher R.; Gerardi, Kristopher; Shen, Yannan

2017-01-01

This paper finds that increased hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking", along the Marcellus Formation in Pennsylvania had a significant, negative effect on mortgage credit risk. Controlling for potential endogeneity bias by utilizing the underlying geologic properties of the land as instrumental variables for fracking activity, we find that mortgages originated before the 2007 boom in shale gas, were, post-boom, significantly less likely to default in areas with greater drilling activity. The we...

77 FR 26698 - Allocation of Mortgage Insurance Premiums

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-07

... Allocation of Mortgage Insurance Premiums AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Final... explain how to allocate prepaid qualified mortgage insurance premiums to determine the amount of the... Act of 2010. The regulations affect taxpayers who pay prepaid qualified mortgage insurance premiums...

Green mortgages in the Netherlands

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bosch, N.

1997-01-01

Since November 1996 sustainable building of houses is also part of the fiscal Regulation for Green Projects (i.e. the stimulation of environment-friendly investments). The extension of that financial regulation resulted in a new product: Green Mortgages. The conditions that have to be met to be qualified for a Green Mortgage are briefly outlined

Optimal Mortgage Refinancing: A Closed Form Solution.

Science.gov (United States)

Agarwal, Sumit; Driscoll, John C; Laibson, David I

2013-06-01

We derive the first closed-form optimal refinancing rule: Refinance when the current mortgage interest rate falls below the original rate by at least [Formula: see text] In this formula W (.) is the Lambert W -function, [Formula: see text] ρ is the real discount rate, λ is the expected real rate of exogenous mortgage repayment, σ is the standard deviation of the mortgage rate, κ/M is the ratio of the tax-adjusted refinancing cost and the remaining mortgage value, and τ is the marginal tax rate. This expression is derived by solving a tractable class of refinancing problems. Our quantitative results closely match those reported by researchers using numerical methods.

76 FR 6185 - Registration of Mortgage Loan Originators

Science.gov (United States)

2011-02-03

... UNION ADMINISTRATION Registration of Mortgage Loan Originators AGENCY: Office of the Comptroller of the..., Agency-regulated institutions) who act as a residential mortgage loan originator to register with the... registration system for mortgage loan originators. Specifically, the Act requires: (1) All States to provide...

24 CFR 235.1214 - Mortgage lien.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

...: Contract Rights and Obligations; Assistance Payments Contracts; Servicing Responsibilities-Refinancing... unpaid obligations contracted in connection with the mortgage transaction or the purchase of the mortgaged property, except obligations that are secured by property or collateral owned by the mortgagor...

24 CFR 221.256 - Interest rate increase and payment of mortgage insurance premiums on mortgages under § 221.60 and...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Interest rate increase and payment... Interest rate increase and payment of mortgage insurance premiums on mortgages under § 221.60 and § 221.65... continuation of a below market interest rate, interest on such mortgage shall be computed by the mortgagee at...

Experienced discrimination in home mortgage lending

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Secchi, Davide; Seri, Raffaello

2017-01-01

This article proposes a framework for the analysis of experienced discrimination in home mortgages. It addresses the problem of home mortgage lending discrimination in one of the richest areas of northern Italy. Employees of a local hospital were interviewed to study their perception (or experien...

Commercial mortgages: An underutilized channel for scaling energy efficiency investments?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mathew, Paul; Wallace, Nancy; Alschuler, Elena; Kolstad, Leonard

2016-02-01

Commercial mortgages currently do not fully account for energy factors in underwriting and valuation, particularly as it relates to the impact of energy costs and volatility on an owner’s net operating income. As a consequence, energy efficiency is not properly valued and energy risks are not properly assessed and mitigated. Commercial mortgages are a large lever and could be a significant channel for scaling energy efficiency investments. A pilot analysis of loans with different mortgage contract structures and locations showed that when energy cost volatility was included in mortgage valuation, a 20% reduction in energy use resulted in a 1.3% average increase in mortgage value. This suggests that the explicit inclusion of energy use and volatility in mortgage valuation can send a strong price signal that financially rewards and values energy efficiency in commercial properties. This paper presents findings from a scoping study addressing energy factors in commercial mortgages. First, we present a review of current practices as it relates to incorporating energy factors into commercial mortgage underwriting and valuation. Next, we detail the impacts of energy factors on property values, net operating income and mortgage valuation. Building operational practices alone can result in energy use variations from -17% to 87%. Finally, we present a set of proposed interventions to properly address energy factors in commercial mortgages, based on extensive discussions with stakeholders including mortgage originators, underwriters, building owners and regulators.

78 FR 70856 - Information Reporting of Mortgage Insurance Premiums

Science.gov (United States)

2013-11-27

... Information Reporting of Mortgage Insurance Premiums AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION... regulations that require information reporting by persons who receive mortgage insurance premiums, including... reporting requirements that result from the extension of the treatment of mortgage insurance premiums made...

On Security of Collateral in Danish Mortgage Finance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haldrup, Karin

2017-01-01

on the balance principle that assigns risks and responsibility to market players in a self-disciplinary manner and protected the mortgage banks against cash flow mismatches even during deep crisis, as history attests. It is shown how property registers and effective enforcement have created transparent property......Specialized mortgage intermediaries in Denmark have for over two hundred years provided owners and buyers of real property wide access to credit. The present paper sets out to explore the safeguards that nurtured development of a robust, market based financing system and a deep mortgage market....... Observations are made on the nature of collateral performance in respect to property rights, mortgage law and market development in search of general features of required institutional arrangements. The robustness of the Danish mortgage finance system is largely accredited to the securitization model based...

Analysis of increasing trend of mortgage volume in the Czech Republic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Petra Střelcová

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is an empirical analysis of mortgage volume in the Czech Republic and factors identification of the increasing trend of the mortgage volume in the period from 2001 to 2007. Firstly, analysis of quarterly time series of mortgage volume and average mortgage rate are performed. Consequently, causality between mortgage volume and average mortgage rate is analysed. The morgage rate is the most important factor for economic subjects decision of residential investment. Afterwards, it is analysed causality between mortgage volume and selected factors via multiple regression analysis. Based on this analysis, influencing factors for multiple regression analysis describing mortgage volume are selected. Our empirical analysis validate the causality between mortgage volume and mortgage rate, unemployment rate and price level of real estates. Part of this paper is also economic eduction of causality and estimation of expect progress of mortgage volume especially in connection with present economic and business recession.

Common Problems of Mortgage Banking Development in Poland

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Szelągowska

2007-03-01

Full Text Available In many countries the mortgage banking plays a basic role in the housing funding. The Polish model of the housing funding in large measure grounded on banking loans. However, more than 95% of mortgage loans come from universal banks. Mortgage banks, which have existed in the Polish economy for 10 years still play a small role in housing funding.

Optimal Mortgage Refinancing: A Closed Form Solution

Science.gov (United States)

Agarwal, Sumit; Driscoll, John C.; Laibson, David I.

2013-01-01

We derive the first closed-form optimal refinancing rule: Refinance when the current mortgage interest rate falls below the original rate by at least 1ψ[ϕ+W(−exp(−ϕ))]. In this formula W(.) is the Lambert W-function, ψ=2(ρ+λ)σ,ϕ=1+ψ(ρ+λ)κ∕M(1−τ), ρ is the real discount rate, λ is the expected real rate of exogenous mortgage repayment, σ is the standard deviation of the mortgage rate, κ/M is the ratio of the tax-adjusted refinancing cost and the remaining mortgage value, and τ is the marginal tax rate. This expression is derived by solving a tractable class of refinancing problems. Our quantitative results closely match those reported by researchers using numerical methods. PMID:25843977

Losses on Dutch residential mortgage insurances

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Francke, M.K.; Schilder, F.P.W.

2014-01-01

Purpose - This paper aims to study the data on losses on mortgage insurance in the Dutch housing market to find the key drivers of the probability of loss. In 2013, 25 per cent of all Dutch homeowners were "under water": selling the property will not cover the outstanding mortgage debt. The

24 CFR 266.410 - Mortgage provisions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY RISK-SHARING PROGRAM FOR INSURED AFFORDABLE MULTIFAMILY PROJECT LOANS Mortgage and... than the purpose intended on the day the mortgage was executed. The conversion of a project from rental... requirements apply as long as the HFA retains an interest in the project and final claim settlement has not...

Secondary Market Products in the Mortgage System and Global Practices

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erhan Eroğlu

2010-12-01

Full Text Available In general terms, the mortgage market has two faces, the primary and the secondary markets. The primary market covers housing mortgage loans. On the other side of the mechanism, these loans are securitized and issued in financial markets with different form of securities in secondary markets. The common name of these instruments is “mortgage backed securities - MBS”. A mortgage backed security is a financial instrument issued in capital markets for investors, derived from either backed by the cash flow of the housing loan repayments (which is called pay-through or backed by directly selling the mortgage pools to the MBS issuers (which is called passthrough. The most trading secondary mortgage market instruments and world practices are explained in this article.

31 CFR 337.13 - Payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... insurance premiums. When book-entry debentures are being purchased prior to maturity to pay for mortgage insurance premiums, the difference between the amount of the debentures purchased and the mortgage insurance... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Payment of mortgage insurance...

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND MANAGEMENT IN THE NORTH CAUCASIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. R. Musayev

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Aim. The aim is to assess the environmental problems in the North Caucasus Federal District of the Russian Federation. Methods. An analysis of the literature and own research at a high anthropogenic pressure on agricultural land through the development of more stringent criteria for assessing the already degraded areas. Results. In the Stavropol region, Andropov district is in the most catastrophic state: of eight ratings five have the highest (fifth catastrophic degree degree of degradation; two the first (low and one rating has the second (middle. On the territory of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the highest degree of degradation of agricultural land is assigned to rocky ground, where it has a catastrophic rate of 9.76 points. For agricultural workers on steppe plains, the priority is to fight against deflation, as there is also a high degradation level 6.67 (above catastrophic. Conclusion. It was established that in the North Caucasus Federal District the system of rational use of land should be of environmental and resource-conserving nature and provide for the preservation of the soil, limiting the impact on flora and fauna, geological formations, and other components of the environment.

78 FR 10367 - Appraisals for Higher-Priced Mortgage Loans

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-13

... the current sale. A creditor of a ``higher-risk mortgage'' must also: Provide the applicant, at the... addition, the final rule implements the Act's requirement that the creditor of a ``higher-risk mortgage... provision requiring appraisals for ``higher-risk mortgages'' that was added to TILA by the Dodd-Frank Wall...

76 FR 15309 - Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended; System of Records; Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-21

... regulated by a Federal banking agency or the Farm Credit Administration who acts as a residential mortgage... information online into the NMLSR Web site. Once collected, the information will be maintained in the NMLSR.... FINRA operates similar systems in the securities industry. More information about this system is...

Financial Literacy and the Use of Interest-Only Mortgages

Science.gov (United States)

Seay, Martin C.; Preece, Gloria L.; Le, Vincent C.

2017-01-01

This study explored the relationship between financial literacy and the use of interest-only mortgages using data from the 2009 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS). A series of analyses were conducted to investigate characteristics associated with the use of an interest-only mortgage as a primary mortgage, as compared to fixed-rate mortgage…

Ten myths about subprime mortgages

OpenAIRE

Yuliya Demyanyk

2009-01-01

On close inspection many of the most popular explanations for the subprime crisis turn out to be myths. Empirical research shows that the causes of the subprime mortgage crisis and its magnitude were more complicated than mortgage interest rate resets, declining underwriting standards, or declining home values. Nor were its causes unlike other crises of the past. The subprime crisis was building for years before showing any signs and was fed by lending, securitization, leveraging, and housing...

Mortgage risks, debt literacy and financial advice

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Ooijen, Raun; van Rooij, Maarten C.J.

2016-01-01

A limited understanding of mortgage contracts and the risks involved may have contributed to the outbreak of the 2007–2008 financial crisis. We developed a special questionnaire relating mortgage loan decisions to financial knowledge and financial advice. Our results demonstrate that homeowners

A New Paradigm in Mortgage Loan Advice

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Otterstedt, Margrét Sesselja; Rasmussen, Kourosh Marjani; Kulahci, Murat

2013-01-01

The Danish mortgage market has undergone considerable changes during the last 15 years. New and more complex variations of loan products have been introduced. Nevertheless, mortgage loan advice has remained, by large, unchanged. This paper addresses a study where a number of new refinancing rules...

17 CFR 210.12-29 - Mortgage loans on real estate. 1

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage loans on real estate... § 210.12-29 Mortgage loans on real estate. 1 [For Certain Real Estate Companies] Column A—Description 2... amount of the extended mortgages, explain. 7 If any item of mortgage loans on real estate investments has...

Obstacles to the Mortgage Financing of Forest Rights and its Countermeasures

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

2011-01-01

Current status of the mortgage financing of forest rights is introduced.Significance of the development of mortgage financing of rural forest rights is analyzed,indicating that the mortgage financing of rural forest rights is an inevitable trend of rural reform development,Mortgage financing of forest rights in rural China is an effective vector for the farmers’ income increase project with financial support,explores the great potential of forest resources,promotes the coordinated development of forestry and financial services.Major obstacles for the mortgage financing of forest rights at present is pointed out,which are the high assessment fees,the complex mortgage valuation,the unsound element market of forestry,and the lack of risk protection mechanism.Countermeasures for the development of mortgage financing of forest rights is out forward.For instance,both government and Forestry Bureau should strengthen the circulation services,establish smooth evaluation mechanism,establish companies for rural assets platform,increase the interest subsidies for forest right mortgage and the risk compensation,strengthen the team construction and improve the service system.

Home-mortgage lending trends in New England in 2010

OpenAIRE

Ana Patricia Muñoz

2012-01-01

This brief analysis of home-mortgage lending trends in New England is based on data collected under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA). HMDA provides information on mortgage lending trends and includes data by loan purpose, type of loan, income, and the race and ethnicity of borrowers. In this report we focus on home-purchase and refinance loans in New England.

24 CFR 266.600 - Mortgage insurance premium: Insurance upon completion.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium... MULTIFAMILY PROJECT LOANS Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.600 Mortgage insurance premium: Insurance upon completion. (a) Initial premium. For projects insured upon completion, on...

9 CFR 55.6 - Mortgage against animals.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Mortgage against animals. 55.6 Section 55.6 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... DISEASE Chronic Wasting Disease Indemnification Program § 55.6 Mortgage against animals. When cervids have...

24 CFR 3500.21 - Mortgage servicing transfers.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... servicer means a servicer, including a table funding mortgage broker or dealer on a first lien dealer loan..., mortgage broker who anticipates using table funding, or dealer who anticipates a first lien dealer loan... applicants, and material in square brackets is optional or alternative language. The model format may be...

MBS Ratings and the Mortgage Credit Boom

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ashcraft, A.; Goldsmith-Pinkham, P.; Vickery, J.

2010-01-01

We study credit ratings on subprime and Alt-A mortgage-backed securities (MBS) deals issued between 2001 and 2007, the period leading up to the subprime crisis. The fraction of highly-rated securities in each deal is decreasing in mortgage credit risk (measured either ex-ante or ex-post), suggesting

24 CFR 266.606 - Mortgage insurance premium: Duration and method of paying.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium... AFFORDABLE MULTIFAMILY PROJECT LOANS Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.606 Mortgage insurance premium: Duration and method of paying. (a) Duration of payments. Mortgage insurance...

24 CFR 203.420 - Nature of Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Nature of Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund. 203.420 Section 203.420 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban... and Distributive Shares § 203.420 Nature of Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund. The Mutual Mortgage...

24 CFR 266.608 - Mortgage insurance premium: Pro rata refund.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium: Pro... PROJECT LOANS Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.608 Mortgage insurance premium: Pro rata refund. If the Contract of Insurance is terminated by payment in full or is terminated...

MORTGAGE FINANCING. Actuarial Soundness of the Federal Housing Administration's Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

2002-01-01

...) of the Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) Federal Housing Administration (FHA). Through the Fund, FHA operates a single-family insurance program that helps millions of Americans buy homes...

SHORT-TERM FORECASTING OF MORTGAGE LENDING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irina V. Orlova

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The article considers the methodological and algorithmic problems arising in modeling and forecasting of time series of mortgage loans. Focuses on the processes of formation of the levels of time series of mortgage loans and the problem of choice and identification of models in the conditions of small samples. For forecasting options are selected and implemented a model of autoregressive and moving average, which allowed to obtain reliable forecasts.

76 FR 43826 - Mortgage Acts and Practices-Advertising

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-22

... commercial communication regarding any term of any mortgage credit product; and imposes certain recordkeeping... misrepresentation in any commercial communication regarding any term of any mortgage credit product, and it imposed... ``making any material misrepresentation * * * in any commercial communication, regarding any term of any...

78 FR 51046 - Registration of Mortgage Loan Originators

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-20

... FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION 12 CFR Part 610 RIN 3052-AC78 Registration of Mortgage Loan Originators... residential mortgage loan originators employed by Farm Credit System (FCS or System) institutions. We are... loan originators at banks, savings associations, credit unions, FCS institutions, and their...

26 CFR 1.6050H-3T - Information reporting of mortgage insurance premiums (temporary).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... Information reporting of mortgage insurance premiums (temporary). (a) Information reporting requirements. Any... section applies to the receipt of all payments of mortgage insurance premiums, by cash or financing... premiums is determined on a mortgage-by-mortgage basis. A recipient need not aggregate mortgage insurance...

Subprime cities: the political economy of mortgage markets

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aalbers, M.B.

2012-01-01

The study of mortgage markets has traditionally been the domain of economists. During historic times of turmoil and change, however, social scientists of various stripes are often called upon to shape our understanding of ways mortgage markets function. We are presently experiencing an episode of

77 FR 39222 - Consumer Use of Reverse Mortgages

Science.gov (United States)

2012-07-02

... influence reverse mortgage consumers' decision-making, consumers' use of reverse mortgage loan proceeds.... Sensitive personal information such as account numbers or Social Security numbers should not be included... personal information that could be used to identify an individual consumer or account, nor should they...

Reverse Mortgage Participation in the United States: Evidence from a National Study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Swarn Chatterjee

2016-03-01

Full Text Available This paper uses the most recent wave of a nationally representative dataset to examine the factors associated with elderly homeowners’ decision to obtain reverse mortgage loans. The findings of this study suggest that very few homeowners participated in the reverse mortgage market, and homeowners younger than 67 were less likely to have reverse mortgage loans. However, homeowners who were risk averse, and homeowners in the two highest quartiles of net worth were more likely to have reverse mortgage loans. Further analyses reveal that among the reverse mortgage participants, homeowners with long-term care insurance coverage were less likely to have reverse mortgage loans. Implications for financial economists, financial planners, policy-makers, and scholars of retirement economics are included.

24 CFR 203.260 - Amount of mortgage insurance premium (periodic MIP).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... Mortgage Insurance Premiums-Periodic Payment § 203.260 Amount of mortgage insurance premium (periodic MIP... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Amount of mortgage insurance premium (periodic MIP). 203.260 Section 203.260 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to...

Securitization, loan modification and the supply of subprime mortgage credit in the US

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anton Theunissen

2013-10-01

Full Text Available This paper develops a continuous time, contingent claims model of mortgage valuation with strategic behavior to show that mortgages that are securitized are characterized by significantly higher loan to value ratios than mortgages held on the balance sheet of the originator, if securitized mortgages cannot be renegotiated. Insofar as securitization inhibits loan modification, it serves as a credible threat to the borrower that default will provoke foreclosure. This enhances the value of the lender’s claim on the loan collateral, the home, and she is willing to lend more per dollar of collateral value. An important implication of the analysis is that the higher loan to value ratio for the securitized mortgage does not imply that the securitized mortgage is characterized by looser underwriting standards than the mortgage held on balance sheet. Higher loan to value ratios for securitized mortgages do not necessarily constitute evidence that securitization encourages risky lending.

Mortgage development in Serbia, specialty in Serbian Civil Code from 1844. year

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Popov Danica

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The history of Serbian mortgage law is not too long. The mortgage law began in first half of XIX century. The first Act about mortgage was The Intabulation Law from 1839. year. Mortgage is a right of lien on an immovable which authorizes the creditor to seek satisfaction of his claim for the value of such immovable before of other creditors that do not have mortgage on it, as well as before creditors who have acquired mortgage on such immovable subsequent on him, irrespective of a contingent change of owner of the encumbered immovable. The mortgage was based on some rules. The mortgage is accessory rights. One of the basic features of a security right is its dependence on the claim. The mortgage creditor is entitled to request satisfaction of the claim from the value of immovable encumbered by mortgage, regardless of whether it is still in possession of the mortgage debitor or it has been convened into ownership of a third party. This The Intabulation Law is changed twice. For the first time in 1842 year, and second time in 1853. year. The lack of both changes was missing the principle of speciality. Principle of speciality marks the fact that a guarantee (security, may secure only a definite claim of one creditor and that the guarantee may exist only on a definite set of objects (assets. On one hand speciality of real security interest forbids securing an indefinite number of claims or an indefinite amount of claim, and, on the other, forbids the prospect of indefinite assets, or all assets of the debitor be subject of to such a security interest. This lack are eliminate in the new Intabulation Law from 1854. year, which was incorporated into Serbian Civil Code from 1844. year. The subject of this article is The Intabulation Law from 1854. year.

Oversizing of the subprime mortgage market as the main cause of its fall

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Živkov Dejan

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The U.S. subprime mortgage crisis was one of the first indicators of the great financial crisis that escalated in late 2008. The law deregulation and human greed are considered to be the main causes of the crisis. However, some recent analyses have shown one more cause of the mortgage crisis, that seems to be crucial - oversizing of the subprime mortgage market. Due to the fact that the subprime mortgage market depends on the prime mortgage market, in an attempt to provide its stability and sustainable growth, some kind of the ratio between the number of subprime and the prime mortgages must have been taken into the consideration.

A New Paradigm in Islamic Housing: Non-Bank Islamic Mortgage

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Egi Arvian Firmansyah

2018-05-01

Full Text Available An increasing demand for a sharia-compliant housing has resulted in a new initiative where the mortgage can presently be directly handled by the developer without involving the bank. This is called non-bank Islamic mortgage. This paper is aimed at portraying the consumer’s profile of non-bank Islamic mortgage and the issues of this practice. We disseminated questionnaires to the respondents in several cities in West Java who bought the house-using non-bank Islamic mortgage scheme. Subsequently, we synthesized the answers regarding their profiles and issues of the scheme for the betterment in the future. One of the issues of this scheme is the higher fraud because there is no rigorous credit scoring as conducted by the bank. The research of non-bank Islamic mortgage is still scant so this paper is expected to shed the light by contributing to the literature of Islamic home financing.DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v10i2.7274

The National Housing Fund, Mortgage Finance and Capital Formation in Nigeria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ADETILOYE Kehinde Adekunle

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Mortgage financing is one of the ways by which housing stocks are added and capital formation takes place in an economy. This paper examined the impact of the National Housing Fund (NHF, a government agency, in the process of capital formation in Nigeria. The paper adopted some key variables among which are capital formation, lending rate and capital expenditure and the various aspects of mortgage loans in the economy. The paper employed the Two Stage Least Square (2SLS techniques to measure the impact of the various units. It discovers that the mortgage loan generally is significant and insurance companies advances for mortgage is also significant while the National Housing Fund (NHF is not significant. This is however due to many problems bedevilling the Fund. The paper recommends among others, the deepening of the mortgage finance market, further assistance to the help to the National Housing Fund and while the government incentivises the firms involved in lending on mortgage fiscally to improve performance and capital stocks in the economy.

‘Mortgaged lives’: the biopolitics of debt and housing financialisation

OpenAIRE

Garcia Lamarca, Melissa; Kaika, Maria

2016-01-01

The paper expands the conceptual framework within which we examine mortgage debt by reconceptualising mortgages as a biotechnology: a technology of power over life that forges an intimate relationship between global financial markets, everyday life and human labour. Taking seriously the materiality of mortgage contracts as a means of forging new embodied practices of financialisation, we urge for the need to move beyond a policy? and macroeconomics?based analysis of housing financialisation. ...

IMPROVING THE SYSTEM OF MORTGAGE CREDITING OF RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE IN UKRAINE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexander Goloven

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the article is to improve the system of mortgage crediting of residential real estate in Ukraine. Mortgage lending appeared in Ukraine in the early XVII century, today the actual problem is a small percentage of the banking book long-term mortgage loans, because banks, on the one hand, tend to rotate without the risk of short-term funds, another potential borrower of these loans, unfortunately, is not creditworthy. However, despite the risks, this banking product is a significant factor in the redistribution and accumulation of funds, the transformation of private savings into investment resources, the problem of housing, but also contributes to the stabilization of the economy in the country as a whole. Functioning and the distribution of mortgage capital, the possible financial risks, the interaction of the mortgage market by the financial, investment and monetary Affairs, leads to a certain complexity of the mechanism of functioning of the mortgage market of Ukraine in general. The relevance of this topic not only in the development of the housing market, but also the feasibility studies for the development of this issue. We present an analysis of the institutional environment of mortgage lending residential real estate, which gave an opportunity to identify and define the environment of modern residential real estate market, its relationship with other markets. Methodology. The survey is based on institutional structure of the mortgage market that has evolved independently of other structures, independently within country under the influence of specific socio-economic environment and economic policy. Results of the survey showed that mortgage lending can be providing the borrower with some free services, such as: long-term deposit on favorable terms, notary services, insurance, discounts on bank services, providing services to the bank and the developer, given appropriate training of the borrower and so forth. Practical

Mortgage Finance and Security of Collateral

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haldrup, Karin

2011-01-01

Developing economies face a gigantic lack of financing for urbanization due to the absence of formal and transparent property markets. The paper discuss the interference between mortgage finance and collateral security by using the Danish mortgage financing model as an example, because of its 200...... years long history, and because the system is recommended as an option in emerging markets and as a possible model for remedying failures in mature housing finance markets. It is suggested that development policies in land administration need to be revised in order to support a widening of credit...

Denmark; Systemic Issues in Mortgage Loans and Covered Bond Finance: Technical Note

OpenAIRE

International Monetary Fund

2014-01-01

This technical note analyzes systemic issues in mortgage loans and covered bond finance in Denmark. Mortgage lending has seen significant product innovation in recent years. Loans with adjustable interest rates and/or interest-only periods, which have been introduced since the late 1990s, had grown to 75 percent and 53 percent, respectively, of total outstanding mortgage loans at the end of 2013. The major changes in the characteristics of the underlying mortgage loans have naturally been ref...

Analysis of Tax-deductible Interest Payments for Re-advanceable Canadian Mortgages

Science.gov (United States)

Naseem, Almas; Reesor, Mark

2011-11-01

According to Canadian tax law the interest on loans used for investment purposes is tax deductible while interest on personal mortgage loans is not. One way of transforming from non-tax deductible to tax deductible interest expenses is to borrow against home equity to make investments. A re-advanceable mortgage is a product specifically designed to take advantage of this tax discrepancy. Using simulation we study the risk associated with the re-advanceable mortgage strategy to provide a better description of the mortgagor's position. We assume that the mortgagor invests the borrowings secured by home equity into a single risky asset (e.g., stock or mutual fund) whose evolution is described by geometric Brownian motion (GBM). With a re-advanceable mortgage we find that the average mortgage payoff time is less than the original mortgage term. However, there is considerable variation in the payoff times with a significant probability of a payoff time exceeding the original mortgage term. Higher income homeowners enjoy a payoff time distribution with both a lower average and a lower standard deviation than low-income homeowners. Thus this strategy is most beneficial to those with the highest income. We also find this strategy protects the homeowner in the event of job loss. This work is important to lenders, financial planners and homeowners to more fully understand the benefits and risk associated with this strategy.

Higher Bank Capital Requirements and Mortgage Pricing: Evidence from the Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCB)

OpenAIRE

Basten, Christhoph; Koch, Cathérine

2015-01-01

How has the CCB affected mortgage pricing after Switzerland became the first country to activate this Basel III macroprudential tool? By analyzing a database with several offers per mortgage request, we construct a picture of mortgage supply and demand. We find, first, that the CCB changes the composition of mortgage supply, as relatively capital-constrained and mortgage-specialized banks raise prices more than their competitors do. Second, risk-weighting schemes linked to borrower risk do no...

31 CFR 337.8 - Payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... insurance premiums. When certificated debentures are tendered for purchase prior to maturity in order that the proceeds thereof be applied to pay for mortgage insurance premiums, any difference between the amount of the debentures purchased and the amount of the mortgage insurance premium will generally be...

Modeling a Distribution of Mortgage Credit Losses

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Gapko, Petr; Šmíd, Martin

2010-01-01

Roč. 23, č. 23 (2010), s. 1-23 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA402/09/0965; GA ČR GD402/09/H045 Grant - others:Univerzita Karlova - GAUK(CZ) 46108 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : Credit Risk * Mortgage * Delinquency Rate * Generalized Hyperbolic Distribution * Normal Distribution Subject RIV: AH - Economics http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2010/E/gapko-modeling a distribution of mortgage credit losses-ies wp.pdf

78 FR 37101 - Rules of Practice and Procedure: Enterprise and Federal Home Loan Bank Housing Goals Related...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-20

...: Enterprise and Federal Home Loan Bank Housing Goals Related Enforcement Amendment AGENCY: Federal Housing... Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), or the Federal Home Loan Banks (Banks) for failure to submit or follow... 1209. 2. Bank Housing Plan Enforcement Section 10C(a) of the Federal Home Loan Bank Act (Bank Act), as...

9 CFR 53.9 - Mortgage against animals or materials.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Mortgage against animals or materials. 53.9 Section 53.9 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT....9 Mortgage against animals or materials. When animals or materials have been destroyed pursuant to...

Multiple Layers of Credit and Mortgage Crises

OpenAIRE

Paula Hernandez-Verme

2011-01-01

I examine a production economy with a financial sector that contains multiple layers of credit. Such layers are designed to constitute credit chains which are inclusive of a simple mortgage market. The focus is on the nature and contagion properties of credit chains in an economy where the financial sector plays a real allocative role and agents have a nontrivial choice of whether to default on mortgages or not. Multiple equilibria with different rates of default are observed, due to the pres...

Mortgage lenders and loans

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aalbers, M.B.; Smith, S.J.

2012-01-01

This article presents a short historical overview of the different types of lenders that are active in the origination of residential mortgage loans. First, a distinction is made between depository and nondepository lenders. Second, there are two major types of depository lenders: commercial banks,

77 FR 23273 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request: Home Equity Conversion Mortgage Counseling...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-18

... Collection; Comment Request: Home Equity Conversion Mortgage Counseling Client Survey AGENCY: Office of the... information: Title of Proposal: Home Equity Conversion Mortgage Counseling Client Survey. OMB Control Number... reverse mortgage counseling. As part of HUD's evaluation of its HECM counseling program, performance...

Prepayment and the Valuation of Danish Mortgage-Backed Bonds

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jakobsen, Svend

Ph.D. thesis on prepayment modelling and valuation of Danish mortgage backed bonds. The thesis discusses several aspects of mortgage backed bonds including after-tax valuation, the special Danish delivery option, rational prepayment behavior, transaction costs and heterogenous borrowers. The thes...... concludes with an empirical analysis of pricing and holding period returns...

12 CFR 607.1 - Purpose and scope.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

...'s costs of supervising and examining the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (FAMC). The... annual administrative expenses and necessary reserves among Farm Credit System (System) institutions... examinations of non-System entities. ...

Transforming the Mortgage System and Challenging the Zombie Economy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wood, James

2017-01-01

By developing stable mortgage finance institutions that do not require government bailouts we can break the “doom loop” between the financial sector and the British state.......By developing stable mortgage finance institutions that do not require government bailouts we can break the “doom loop” between the financial sector and the British state....

Maximizing Home Equity or Preventing Home Loss: Reverse Mortgage Decision Making and Racial Inequality.

Science.gov (United States)

Keene, Danya E; Sarnak, Ann; Coyle, Caitlin

2018-03-07

Reverse mortgages are loans that allow older homeowners to borrow from their home equity with no repayment due until the borrower dies or moves out of the home. We currently know very little about how homeowners evaluate and experience reverse mortgages as solutions to their financial and housing needs in later life. Furthermore, despite an increasingly diverse population of reverse mortgage borrowers, we know little about how social inequalities may contribute to reverse mortgage decisions and their outcomes. In this paper, we examine reverse mortgage decision-making and experiences in a racially and economically diverse sample of older US homeowners. We conducted 44 in-depth interviews with older homeowners who were considering or who had obtained a reverse mortgage loan. We inductively and iteratively developed a thematic coding scheme that was applied to all interview transcripts. Our analysis produced a dichotomous schema of reverse mortgage decision making that was shaped by social and economic opportunities and constraints. For some participants, reverse mortgages represented strategic tools used to maximize home equity and its benefits. For others, it was an option of last resort to which participants turned when faced with the imminent loss of their home. Focusing on reverse mortgages, our analysis suggests way that social inequalities may be reproduced through financial decisions and the unequal landscapes of opportunity in which they are made.

Competition in the Dutch mortgage market: notes on concentration, entry, funding, and margins

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Treur, L.; Boonstra, W.W.

2014-01-01

This article describes the institutions that shape the Dutch mortgage market, as well as how they affect mortgage funding, and, ultimately, mortgage interest rates. The Dutch housing market is characterized by a very large social housing sector, as well as a relatively large share of owner-occupied

Effect of loan value and collateral on value of mortgage default

OpenAIRE

Itoo, R. A.; Selvarasu, A.; Filipe, J.

2013-01-01

This study explore the factors influencing mortgage loan default by using the data of mortgage default case from Jammu and Kashmir Bank. To achieve the study objectives sixteen variables are taken. The variables are categorized into three dimensions as borrower’s profile, loan value contents and collateral security. The tools used for analysis of data describing mortgage loan defaulter’s are chi-square, regression, ANOVA, and logistic regression through SPSS 18.0. The results indicate that th...

12 CFR 201.109 - Eligibility for discount of mortgage company notes.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... directly affect the production or distribution of goods and services. Mortgage banking, on the other hand... inventory of mortgage loans pending their “packaging” for sale to permanent investors that are usually...

Modeling a Distribution of Mortgage Credit Losses

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Gapko, Petr; Šmíd, Martin

2012-01-01

Roč. 60, č. 10 (2012), s. 1005-1023 ISSN 0013-3035 R&D Projects: GA ČR GD402/09/H045; GA ČR(CZ) GBP402/12/G097 Grant - others:Univerzita Karlova(CZ) 46108 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Institutional support: RVO:67985556 Keywords : credit risk * mortgage * delinquency rate * generalized hyperbolic distribution * normal distribution Subject RIV: AH - Economics Impact factor: 0.194, year: 2012 http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2013/E/smid-modeling a distribution of mortgage credit losses.pdf

Second Mortgages

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Miltersen, Kristian R.; Torous, Walter N.

correlates homeowners' default decisions so that a large drop in house prices can result in almost all of these homeowners defaulting together. In this case, even the most senior tranches of structured financial products collateralized by first-lien mortgages may no longer be protected from default losses...... after the bursting of the U.S. housing bubble. By contrast, our results are not consistent with the argument that the observed downgrades occurred because the severity of the U.S. housing market downturn was underestimated by credit rating agencies....

"Cream-skimming" in subprime mortgage securitizations : which subprime mortgage loans were sold by depository institutions prior to the crisis of 2007?

OpenAIRE

Paul S. Calem; Christopher Henderson; Jonathan Liles

2010-01-01

Depository institutions may use information advantages along dimensions not observed or considered by outside parties to "cream-skim," meaning to transfer risk to naive, uninformed, or unconcerned investors through the sale or securitization process. This paper examines whether "cream-skimming" behavior was common practice in the subprime mortgage securitization market prior to its collapse in 2007. Using Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data merged with data on subprime loan delinquency by ZIP c...

Allegheny County Mortgage Foreclosure Records

Data.gov (United States)

Allegheny County / City of Pittsburgh / Western PA Regional Data Center — This data includes filings related to mortgage foreclosure in Allegheny County. The foreclosure process enables a lender to take possession of a property due to an...

78 FR 59890 - Qualified Mortgage Definition for HUD Insured and Guaranteed Single Family Mortgages

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-30

... construction and policy implications demonstrates that there are sound reasons for adopting either... borrower except for minor adjustments.\\16\\ \\16\\ Handbook 4155.1, Ch. 6, Sec. C (Mortgage Credit Analysis....gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/administration/hudclips/handbooks/hsgh/4155.1 . Requiring...

Energy Factors in Commercial Mortgages: Gaps and Opportunities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mathew, Paul [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Coleman, Philip [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Wallace, Nancy [Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Issler, Paulo [Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Kolstad, Lenny [Inst. for Market Transformation, Washington, DC (United States); Sahadi, Robert [Inst. for Market Transformation, Washington, DC (United States)

2016-09-01

The commercial real estate mortgage market is enormous, with almost half a trillion dollars in deals originated in 2015. Relative to other energy efficiency financing mechanisms, very little attention has been paid to the potential of commercial mortgages as a channel for promoting energy efficiency investments. The valuation and underwriting elements of the business are largely driven by the “net operating income” (NOI) metric – essentially, rents minus expenses. While NOI ostensibly includes all expenses, energy factors are in several ways given short shrift in the underwriting process. This is particularly interesting when juxtaposed upon a not insignificant body of research revealing that there are in fact tangible benefits (such as higher valuations and lower vacancy and default rates) for energy-efficient and “green” commercial buildings. This scoping report characterizes the current status and potential interventions to promote greater inclusion of energy factors in the commercial mortgage process.

77 FR 21580 - Changes in Certain Multifamily Housing and Health Care Facility Mortgage Insurance Premiums for...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-10

... Multifamily Housing and Health Care Facility Mortgage Insurance Premiums for Fiscal Year (FY) 2013 AGENCY...: In accordance with HUD regulations, this notice announces changes of the mortgage insurance premiums... mortgage. The mortgage insurance premiums to be in effect for FHA firm commitments issued or reissued in FY...

THE ROLE OF MORTGAGE CREDIT IN ENSURING ECONOMIC GROWTH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Z. L. Garipova

2014-04-01

Full Text Available The decision of the important social task - ensuring the availability of housing for the mass of the population of the country, on the one hand, allowed to launch investment, savings, financial and credit mechanisms for ensuring economic growth of the Russian economy on the other. Despite the high degree of sophistication in the scientific literature of the organization of mortgage lending system, a study of its impact on economic growth factors in the scientific literature clearly insufficient. The original article was the theory of economic growth, which allowed on the basis of research of interaction of demand for residential property, it deals with the housing mortgage credit to justify a conclusion about its importance not only for solution of social tasks, availability of housing, but also a significant impact on the demand and supply on the residential property market. Based on the analysis of statistical data for the period from 2006 to 2012, and their correlation analysis carried out research of factors of development of housing markets and mortgage lending, namely incomes, housing prices, interest rates on loans, «channel lending conditions, the terms of banking mortgage.Purchase on Elibrary.ru > Buy now

Agriculture: Agriculture and Air Quality

Science.gov (United States)

Information on air emissions from agricultural practices, types of agricultural burning, air programs that may apply to agriculture, reporting requirements, and links to state and other federal air-quality information.

Secondary mortgage market (SMM): Is it right for financing housing ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

It notes that the scale of mortgage origination in the primary market is limited; the adjudication process is slow; collateralization is inadequate; and the land title regime is poor. It suggests that it is appropriate for Ghana to concentrate on solving these basic problems before any attempt at implementing a secondary mortgage ...

24 CFR 213.259a - Premiums-mortgages insured pursuant to section 238(c) of the Act.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

.... All of the provisions of §§ 213.253 through 213.259 governing mortgage insurance premiums shall apply... mortgage insurance premiums due on such mortgages in accordance with §§ 213.253 through 213.259 shall be... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Premiums-mortgages insured pursuant...

Financial support of agricultural land in Ukraine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Davydenko Nadiia Mykolayivna

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The article stipulates that a prerequisite for expanded reproduction in agriculture is a sustainable use of land and measures for its reproduction by maintaining its fertility and environmental suitability. It is noted that in order to maintain and improve soil fertility, it is necessary to have an appropriate financial support. Possible sources of financial support of reproduction of agricultural landare described, including: income, depreciation, funds from the sale of used fixed assets, proceeds from the issue of shares; bank credit, forfeiting, mortgage, government loans, foreign loans, bond issues, agricultural receipts, operational and financial leasing, investment tax credits, subsidies, grants, subsidies. It is proved that the strategy of financial security of reproduction of land at the macro level should match the overall national strategy to develop agriculture in Ukraine.

24 CFR 266.610 - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... insurance premiums. 266.610 Section 266.610 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing... MULTIFAMILY PROJECT LOANS Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.610 Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. In the cases that the Commissioner deems appropriate, the...

Home Truths: Promises and Challenges in Linking Mortgages and Political Influence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Deniz Igan

2016-11-01

Full Text Available What can “big data” tell us about the dynamics shaping the regulation of and activities in housing and mortgage markets? This paper describes a detailed database of the lobbying activities, campaign contributions, political connections, and mortgage lending activities of the financial industry. A review of the findings of recent research that has utilized this data set suggests that the political influence of the financial industry may have a bearing on the regulation of mortgage markets and, in turn, on risk-taking by lenders. A key challenge is deciphering the motivations behind the politically targeted activities of the financial industry.

Dutch mortgage arrears and the role of the global financial crisis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Teye, A.L.; De Haan, J.; Elsinga, M.

2015-01-01

As in many countries, the Dutch housing market was severely hit by the recent financial crisis. Following the recession, the average house price in the Netherlands fell by almost 25% and the proportion of homeowners with mortgage payment arrears nearly doubled. In this paper, we study mortgage

Financial literacy, risk aversion and choice of mortgage type by households

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cox, R.; Brounen, Dirk; Neuteboom, P.

2015-01-01

This paper analyzes how financial literacy and reported willingness to take financial risk impact a household’s choice of mortgage type. The results show that households reporting higher financial literacy and lower risk aversion are 55 to 97 % more likely to opt for interest-only mortgages. The

PSA Duration: Conquering the Prepayment Risk of Mortgage Portfolios

OpenAIRE

Boleslav Gulko

1996-01-01

Money managers have little control over the values of their individual holdings, but they have considerable control over the risk exposure of their portfolios. This article introduces new tools for the risk management of mortgage portfolios. We extend the traditional duration analysis to two dimensions, interest rates and mortgage prepayments, and develop independent hedging rules for the interest rate risk and the prepayment risk. In particular, we define the PSA duration as a formal measure...

76 FR 79050 - Federal Home Loan Bank Housing Goals: Mortgage Reporting Amendments

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-21

... FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY 12 CFR Part 1281 RIN 2590-AA48 Federal Home Loan Bank Housing Goals... governing housing goals for the Federal Home Loan Banks (Banks) to make those requirements consistent with... Section 1205 of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (HERA) amended the Federal Home Loan Bank...

The effect of mortgage origination fees on the housing price dynamics

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Tsharakyan, Ashot

-, č. 357 (2008), s. 1-36 ISSN 1211-3298 R&D Projects: GA MŠk LC542 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70850503 Keywords : mortgage origination fees * housing price * mortgage market deregulation Subject RIV: AH - Economics http://www.cerge-ei.cz/pdf/wp/Wp357.pdf

78 FR 48547 - Appraisals for Higher-Priced Mortgage Loans-Supplemental Proposal

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-08

..., Carolyn B. Engelhardt, Bank Examiner (Risk Specialist--Credit), (202) 649-6404, Charlotte M. Bahin, Senior... 129H prohibits a creditor from extending credit in the form of a ``higher-risk mortgage'' loan to any... rule. The term ``higher-risk mortgage'' encompasses a closed-end consumer credit transaction secured by...

How do mortgage lenders influence neighbourhood dynamics? Redlining and predatory lending

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aalbers, M.B.; van Ham, M.; Manley, D.; Bailey, N.; Simpson, L.; Maclennan, D.

2013-01-01

Manuel Aalbers argues that the actions of mortgage lenders can play an important role in understanding the trajectories of some of the most deprived neighbourhoods in Western cities. Mortgage lenders use the notion of the neighbourhood as a means to reduce their risk or to extract profit, and as

Extra-Margins in ACM's Adjusted NMa ‘Mortgage-Rate-Calculation Method

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dijkstra, M.; Schinkel, M.P.

2013-01-01

We analyse the development since 2004 of our concept of extra-margins on Dutch mortgages (Dijkstra & Schinkel, 2012), based on funding cost estimations in ACM (2013), which are an update of those in NMa (2011). Neither costs related to increased mortgage-specific risks, nor the inclusion of Basel

24 CFR 251.6 - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... insurance premiums. 251.6 Section 251.6 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and... HOUSING PROJECTS § 251.6 Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. In the cases that the... affected lenders, that mortgage insurance premiums be remitted electronically. [63 FR 1303, Jan. 8, 1998] ...

24 CFR 252.6 - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... insurance premiums. 252.6 Section 252.6 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and..., AND BOARD AND CARE HOMES § 252.6 Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. The provisions of..., DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT...

24 CFR 236.252 - First, second, and third mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... insurance premiums. 236.252 Section 236.252 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing... insurance premiums. All of the provisions of § 207.252 of this chapter governing the first, second, and third mortgage insurance premiums shall apply to mortgages insured under this subpart, except: (a) Where...

The Borrower's Guide to Financing Solar Energy Systems - A Federal Overview

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eiffert, P.

1999-03-30

This booklet describes authorized lending programs and loan guarantees provided by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and several Federal agencies, including DOE, that consumers and businesses can use to finance solar heat or electric systems and energy efficient mortgages.

26 CFR 1.166-6 - Sale of mortgaged or pledged property.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

...-6 Sale of mortgaged or pledged property. (a) Deficiency deductible as bad debt—(1) Principal amount... been returned by him) as a bad debt for the taxable year in which it becomes wholly worthless or is... mortgaged or pledged property by certain mutual savings banks, domestic building and loan associations, and...

Credit booms and lending standards : Evidence from the subprime mortgage market

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dell’Ariccia, G.; Igan, D.; Laeven, L.

2012-01-01

This paper links the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis to demand-side factors that contributed to the rapid expansion of the U.S. mortgage market. We show that denial rates were relatively lower in areas that experienced faster credit demand growth and that lenders in these high-growth areas attached

24 CFR 255.6 - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... insurance premiums. 255.6 Section 255.6 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and... PROJECTS § 255.6 Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. The provisions of 24 CFR 251.6 shall..., DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT...

The Great Mortgaging: Housing Finance, Crises, and Business Cycles

OpenAIRE

Oscar Jorda; Moritz Schularick; Alan M. Taylor

2014-01-01

This paper unveils a new resource for macroeconomic research: a long-run dataset covering disaggregated bank credit for 17 advanced economies since 1870. The new data show that the share of mortgages on banks’ balance sheets doubled in the course of the 20th century, driven by a sharp rise of mortgage lending to households. Household debt to asset ratios have risen substantially in many countries. Financial stability risks have been increasingly linked to real estate lending booms which are...

Linking mortgage finance incentives to a voluntary home energy rating system: Insight into consensus building

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jenior, M.-M.

1994-01-01

A collaborative consensus process was created to implement a program linking voluntary home energy rating systems (HERS) to mortgage incentives. The participants involved many of the stakeholders or interest groups who have a role in implementing and who will be affected by energy efficiency mortgate incentive programs linked to HERS. The participants included representatives from the primary and secondary mortgage market; real estate, home building, and remodeling industries; utilities; state, local, consumer, and environmental organizations; and home energy rating providers. The participants defined the actions required to implement as well as the technical requirements of a program linking home energy ratings and mortgage finance. Building on the recommendations of the collaborative process, members of the collaborative continue to take initiatives to put a Home Energy Rating Systems Council into place, in planning pilot programs for developing and testing ways to link HERS and mortgage programs, and in making home buyers and owners aware of existing mortgage incentives. At the same time, mortgage providers are working to develop uniformity among mortgage incentive programs and with the US Department of Energy to develop procedures to verify the relative accuracy of HERS calculation tools and their application, and with the emerging HERS Council to develop the guidelines for voluntary HERS required under the Energy Policy Act of 1992

A boundary PDE feedback control approach for the stabilization of mortgage price dynamics

Science.gov (United States)

Rigatos, G.; Siano, P.; Sarno, D.

2017-11-01

Several transactions taking place in financial markets are dependent on the pricing of mortgages (loans for the purchase of residences, land or farms). In this article, a method for stabilization of mortgage price dynamics is developed. It is considered that mortgage prices follow a PDE model which is equivalent to a multi-asset Black-Scholes PDE. Actually it is a diffusion process evolving in a 2D assets space, where the first asset is the house price and the second asset is the interest rate. By applying semi-discretization and a finite differences scheme this multi-asset PDE is transformed into a state-space model consisting of ordinary nonlinear differential equations. For the local subsystems, into which the mortgage PDE is decomposed, it becomes possible to apply boundary-based feedback control. The controller design proceeds by showing that the state-space model of the mortgage price PDE stands for a differentially flat system. Next, for each subsystem which is related to a nonlinear ODE, a virtual control input is computed, that can invert the subsystem's dynamics and can eliminate the subsystem's tracking error. From the last row of the state-space description, the control input (boundary condition) that is actually applied to the multi-factor mortgage price PDE system is found. This control input contains recursively all virtual control inputs which were computed for the individual ODE subsystems associated with the previous rows of the state-space equation. Thus, by tracing the rows of the state-space model backwards, at each iteration of the control algorithm, one can finally obtain the control input that should be applied to the mortgage price PDE system so as to assure that all its state variables will converge to the desirable setpoints. By showing the feasibility of such a control method it is also proven that through selected modification of the PDE boundary conditions the price of the mortgage can be made to converge and stabilize at specific

Higher bank capital requirements and mortgage pricing: evidence from the Counter-Cyclical Capital Buffer

OpenAIRE

Basten, Christoph; Koch, Cathérine

2014-01-01

We examine mortgage pricing before and after Switzerland was the first country to activate the Counter-Cyclical Capital Buffer of Basel III. Observing multiple mortgage offers per request, we obtain three core findings. First, capitalconstrained and mortgage-specialized banks raise their rates relatively more. Second, risk-weighting schemes supposed to discriminate against more risky borrowers do not amplify the effect of higher capital requirements. Third, CCB-subjected banks and CCB-exempt ...

Mortgage Risk and the Yield Curve

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Malkhozov, Aytek; Mueller, Philippe; Vedolin, Andrea

2016-01-01

We study feedback from the risk of outstanding mortgage-backed securities (MBS) on the level and volatility of interest rates. We incorporate supply shocks resulting from changes in MBS duration into a parsimonious equilibrium dynamic term structure model and derive three predictions...

24 CFR 207.252e - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... insurance premiums. 207.252e Section 207.252e Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing... Premiums § 207.252e Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. In the cases that the Commissioner... mortgagees, that mortgage insurance premiums be remitted electronically. [63 FR 1303, Jan. 8, 1998] ...

25 CFR 152.34 - Approval of mortgages and deeds of trust.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Approval of mortgages and deeds of trust. 152.34 Section 152.34 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND WATER ISSUANCE OF PATENTS IN FEE, CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY, REMOVAL OF RESTRICTIONS, AND SALE OF CERTAIN INDIAN LANDS Mortgages and Deeds of Trust to Secure Loans to...

The impact of possession on legality of mortgage registered on a building under construction: With case law

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vicković Tanja

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The expansion of the subject of a mortgage to buildings under construction is a considerable step forward in regulating mortgages. It is not possible to register ownership rights on buildings under construction. A person acquiring ownership does not have the possibility to protect his rights. Acquiring ownership rights to a building under construction is tied to possession. This is detrimental to the principle of publicity which in turn erodes the principle of reliance. Validity of the mortgage is tied to the possession over the mortgaged real estate at the time of its registration. Such position of the courts challenges the very essence of mortgage.

12 CFR 652.50 - Definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE CORPORATION FUNDING AND FISCAL AFFAIRS Risk-Based Capital Requirements § 652.50 Definitions. For purposes of this subpart... the Farm Credit Administration. Regulatory capital means the sum of the following as determined in...

'Cognitive closure' in the Netherlands: mortgage securitization in a hybrid European political economy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aalbers, M.B.; Engelen, E.; Glasmacher, A.

2011-01-01

There is a strong case that mortgage-backed securities were at the root of the 2007 - 09 financial crisis. Even though geographers have convincingly demonstrated that loan origination is strongly locally rooted and that the fallout from the subprime mortgage crisis clearly had spatially

24 CFR 207.252c - Premiums-mortgages insured pursuant to section 238(c) of the Act.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

.... All of the provisions of §§ 207.252 and 207.252a governing mortgage insurance premiums shall apply to... insurance premiums due on such mortgages in accordance with §§ 207.252 and 207.252a shall be calculated on... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Premiums-mortgages insured pursuant...

Financial and estimating indicators for assessment of mortgage lending value

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Benvenuti

2013-08-01

Full Text Available The article proposes a calculation criteria for the determination of the mortgage lending value which originates from the application of the financial method (direct capitalisation, by adopting a capitalisation rate calculated by means of the Debt Coverage Ratio (DCR, taking into consideration the criteria set out by the mortgage lending value, that is (i prudent appreciation of the future marketability, (ii normal and local market conditions, (iii current use and (iv long-term sustainability of the property.

Perspectives on the Structure of American Agriculture. Volume II: Federal Farm Policies--Their Effects on Low-Income Farmers and Rural Communities.

Science.gov (United States)

Coughlin, Kenneth M., Ed.

Agriculture and farming are the economic context for rural education. This is the second of two volumes of papers describing the impact of national agricultural policy on the poor. The nine articles in this volume (shot-titled below) analyze federal policy from the standpoint of the low-income farmer: (1) "Agricultural Price Supports,"…

Varieties of indebtedness: Financialization and mortgage market institutions in Europe.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Gunten, Tod; Navot, Edo

2018-02-01

During the global housing boom that preceded the 2007-9 financial crisis, household debt increased substantially in many European countries, posing a challenge for literature on financialization and the institutional heterogeneity of mortgage markets. This paper examines recent institutional shifts in European mortgage markets and specifies three analytically distinct models of debt accumulation: inclusion, extension and intensity. While existing research has emphasized inclusion (access to homeownership), we show that financial intensification is an important determinant of cross-national variation in debt. We assess the variation in financial intensity in six European countries (France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain) using household-level survey data. Our results show that inclusion and expansion explain only part of the cross-national variation in mortgage debt to income ratios. Furthermore, household financial behavior is consistent with the financial intensity model, and variation in the degree of financial intensification explains a substantial portion of the cross-national difference in debt levels. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

International and Russian practice of banking risk-management. Mortgage risks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. V. Nikolaeva

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The goal of the work is to compare Russian norms and standards of risk management of mortgage lending with international standards of risk management based on the documents of the Basel Committee. The article also aims to analyze new banking tools of risk management of mortgage lending, that arise in connection with the application of international norms and standards of risk management.Materials and Methods: The main documents considered in the article are the agreements on capital, issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision: Basel-I (1988, Basel-II (2004 and Basel-III (2010, as well as instructions and standing orders issued by the Central Bank of Russia, including: Instruction № 139-I "Ob obiazatel'nykh normativakh bankov", instruction № 1 "O poriadke regulirovaniia deiatel'nosti kommercheskikh bankov", the standing order number 215-P "O metodike opredeleniia sobstvennykh sredstv (kapitala kreditnykh organizatsii", the standing order № 395-P "O metodike opredeleniia velichiny sobstvennykh sredstv (kapitala kreditnykh organizatsii («BAZEL III»" and others. On the basis of these documents the work examines and summarizes the main methods of risk management of mortgage lending, such as: comparison and analysis of risk management techniques, study of the basic documents regulating risk management in banks and generalization of risk management methods in the segment of mortgage lending.Results: The article analyzes the legal and methodological basis of risk management and provides practical methods that can be used in practice for managerial decisions in a constantly changing external economic environment. It also analyses international and native risk management. Russian standards of risk-management are compared with international. The work conducts a critical review of the effects of introduction of international standards in Russia. Special attention is paid to the practice of mortgage risk

12 CFR 621.13 - Content and standards-general rules.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... Section 621.13 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS Report of Condition and Performance § 621.13 Content and standards—general rules. Each institution, including the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation, shall prepare reports of condition and performance...

12 CFR 650.45 - Priority of claims.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE CORPORATION... distribution of the assets of the Corporation in liquidation: (a) All costs, expenses, and debts incurred by... assessments for the costs of supervising and examining the Corporation, and any amounts borrowed pursuant to...

Liquidity Constraints and the Centralized Home Mortgage Policy in China

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gao, Cixiu

2017-01-01

This paper investigates China's centralized mortgage policy in general, and evaluates the policy change in 2011: the minimum down payment was dramatically raised to 60% of the home price. Using our previously developed structural model, we recover the unobserved liquidity wealth levels of individ......This paper investigates China's centralized mortgage policy in general, and evaluates the policy change in 2011: the minimum down payment was dramatically raised to 60% of the home price. Using our previously developed structural model, we recover the unobserved liquidity wealth levels...

Does Homeownership Counseling Affect the Prepayment and Default Behavior of Affordable Mortgage Borrowers?

Science.gov (United States)

Quercia, Roberto; Spader, Jonathan

2008-01-01

The lack of industry wide data on homeownership education and counseling (HEC) programs has severely limited evaluation. In particular, very little evidence exists on the relationship between HEC completion and loan prepayment, an outcome of interest to both mortgage lenders and consumer advocates. Where mortgage prepayment directly influences the…

Mortgages, seniors and the common law contractual doctrine of mental incapacity in Australia.

Science.gov (United States)

Burns, Fiona

2011-01-01

Seniors in Australia are being called upon to mortgage their most precious economic asset, the family home. They may be asked to guarantee the liabilities of other family members by providing a mortgage-based guarantee or they may decide to enter into a reverse mortgage to supplement financially their savings and pensions. As the family home is the single most valuable asset for most older Australians, the creation of any obligations in regard to it ought to be undertaken with care and vigilance. While seniors are free to create mortgage, they may lack the capacity to understand the legal ramifications of these complex transactions or be unable to protect their interests when entering into them. It is not suggested that older Australians necessarily suffer a lack of contractual capacity. Many seniors are more than able to take care of their interests and assets. However, some seniors do suffer cognitive impairment which adversely affects their capacity to act in their best interests and to navigate the complexities of contractual relations. In contract and mortgage law, this raises the issue of mental incapacity. For centuries, the common law has recognized not only that mentally incapacitated people exist, but that they may enter into contracts such as mortgage and may later wish to have the mortgage set aside. The present formulation of the contractual doctrine of mental incapacity is the product of 19th century jurisprudence in which the courts framed the doctrine to accommodate commercial dealing rather than the interests of persons who lacked the necessary mental capacity. Accordingly, the doctrine has been very difficult to rely on successfully when challenging mortgages made by persons lacking capacity. Therefore, Australian litigators and courts alike have sought to deal with mental incapacity issues in the contractual context by using and modifying other doctrines (such as non est factum, undue influence and unconscionable dealing) in which the issue of

78 FR 64143 - 30-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Contractor's Requisition-Project Mortgages

Science.gov (United States)

2013-10-25

... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5683-N-88] 30-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Contractor's Requisition--Project Mortgages AGENCY: Office of the Chief Information... Title of Information Collection: Contractor's Requisition--Project Mortgages. OMB Approval Number: 2502...

24 CFR 207.259a - Waiver of title objection; mortgages formerly Commissioner-held.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MORTGAGE INSURANCE Contract Rights and Obligations Rights and Duties of Mortgagee Under the Contract of Insurance § 207.259a Waiver of... any lien or other adverse interest that was senior to the mortgage on the date of the original sale of...

Mortgage loans: an analysis of the portfolios of the largest banks in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruno Vinícius Ramos Fernandes

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Given the current macroeconomic environment experienced in Brazil, where inflation has stabilized and the basic interest rate of the economy is in one of their historical lows, demand for mortgages is increasing. In this context, the mortgage is presented with great emphasis to meet the demand for purchasing housing in addition to being a catalyst for the reduction of the high housing deficit. From a descriptive and empirical-analytic was analyzed the mortgage loan portfolio of the largest banks of the country between the years 2001 and 2010 through Quarterly Financial Information (IFT available on the Central Bank website. It was settled a comparative relationship between the data in order to check the development of mortgage portfolios over the years and the factors that influenced this evolution, and evaluate the timeliness and quality of those loans. For the evolution of the portfolio there was an economic context in which Brazil was included in the period, and observed that for most of these operations are long term the banks are more exposed to market risk. With regard to credit risk parse that, over the years, Brazilian banks are presenting a mortgage loan portfolio with lower risk, and it is found that institutions with real estate credits with higher levels of portfolio risk are subject to have higher losses on such operations in the possibility of default.

75 FR 10707 - MORTGAGE ASSISTANCE RELIEF SERVICES

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-09

... offer ``forensic audits,'' purported reviews of mortgage loans to determine lender and servicer.... filed Apr. 3, 2009); California Dep't of Real Estate, Consumer Alert 6 (warning consumers of ``forensic... defendants falsely claim to have attorneys or forensic accountants on staff); FTC v. Loan Modification Shop...

"When you're in a crisis like that, you don't want people to know": mortgage strain, stigma, and mental health.

Science.gov (United States)

Keene, Danya E; Cowan, Sarah K; Baker, Amy Castro

2015-05-01

We analyzed experiences of stigmatization, concealment, and isolation among African American homeowners who were experiencing mortgage strain. We conducted semistructured interviews between March 2012 and May 2013 with 28 African American homeowners in a northeastern US city who were experiencing mortgage strain. We coded all of the transcripts and reviewed data for codes relating to stigma, sharing information, social support, social isolation, and the meaning of homeownership. Our data showed that mortgage strain can be a concealable stigma. Participants internalized this stigma, expressing shame about their mortgage situation. Additionally, some participants anticipated that others would view them as less worthy given their mortgage trouble. In an effort to avoid stigmatization, many concealed their mortgage trouble, which often led to isolation. This stigmatization, concealment, and isolation seemed to contribute to participants' depression, anxiety, and emotional distress. Stigma may exacerbate stress associated with mortgage strain and contribute to poor mental health, particularly among upwardly mobile African Americans who have overcome significant structural barriers to home ownership. Reducing stigma associated with mortgage strain may help to reduce the health consequences of this stressful life event.

National status report: Home energy rating systems and energy-efficient mortgages

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plympton, P.

2000-04-27

The Energy Policy Act of 1992 included several provisions promoting the use of HERS and EEMs, which strengthened efforts to develop a national infrastructure for HERS and to promote the use of EEMs. This report documents HERS and EEMs activities since 1992 by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, mortgage lenders, and other organizations. Though the process of establishing HERS has faced some barriers, this report shows that, as of November 1999, home energy ratings were available in 47 states and the District of Columbia, which represents a significant increase from 1993 when home energy ratings were available in 17 states. Both national and state organizations have developed HERS and related residential energy-efficiency programs. The availability and use of EEMs has also increased significantly. The number of EEMs supported by the Federal Housing Administration has increased more than eight times in the last three years. More than $2.5 billion in federally supported EEMs have been issued to date. Several national lenders offer EEMs, and six states have state-specific EEM or loan programs. EEMs have been used to finance energy-efficient homes in every state.

Dissaving of the Past via Reverse Mortgages

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Luiza Champloni

Full Text Available We build a simple two-period general equilibrium model with incomplete markets which incorporates reverse market mortgages without appealing to the complicated framework required by the infinite horizon models. Two types of agents are considered: elderly agents and investors. The former are owners of physical assets (for instance housing who will want to sell them to investors. For that end the elderly agents, who are assumed to not have any bequest motive, issue claims against physical assets they own. One of the claims issued will be interpreted as reverse mortgage (loan for seniors and the other one as a call option written on the value of housing equity. By assuming that both the elderly agents and the investors are price takers, and by applying the generalized game approach, we show that the equilibrium in this economy always exists, providing the usual conditions on utilities and initial endowments are satisfied. We end with a remark on efficiency of the quilibrium.

Policy Incentives and the Extension of Mortgage Credit: Increasing Market Discipline for Subprime Lending

Science.gov (United States)

An, Xudong; Bostic, Raphael W.

2009-01-01

The lax underwriting in non-prime mortgage markets is widely perceived as one cause of the recent difficulties in the housing market. Policymakers are currently considering moves such as enforcing more careful underwriting to provide additional discipline to mortgage markets. This research explores the possibility of another approach to supplement…

24 CFR 206.51 - Eligibility of mortgages involving a dwelling unit in a condominium.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... a dwelling unit in a condominium. 206.51 Section 206.51 Housing and Urban Development Regulations...; Endorsement Eligible Properties § 206.51 Eligibility of mortgages involving a dwelling unit in a condominium. If the mortgage involves a dwelling unit in a condominium, the project in which the unit is located...

12 CFR 226.35 - Prohibited acts or practices in connection with higher-priced mortgage loans.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

..., and other loan pricing terms currently offered to consumers by a representative sample of creditors for mortgage transactions that have low-risk pricing characteristics. The Board publishes average... and premiums for mortgage-related insurance required by the creditor, such as insurance against loss...

The Exposure of Mortgage Borrowers to Interest Rate Risk, Income Risk and House Price Risk – Evidence from Swiss Loan Application Data

OpenAIRE

Guin, Benjamin; Brown, Martin

2015-01-01

We study the exposure of mortgage borrowers in Switzerland to interest rate, income and house price risks and examine how the households’ choice of risky mortgages is related to individual interest rate expectations and risk-aversion. Our analysis is based on a unique data set of household mortgage applications from September 2012 until January 2014. Our assessment of risk exposure among mortgage borrowers in Switzerland is highly sensitive to the underlying assumptions on mortgage costs, hou...

MODEL PEMBAYARAN GRADUATED PAYMENT MORTGAGE (GPM SEBAGAI SALAH SATU ALTERNATIF PEMBAYARAN KREDIT RUMAH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Njo Anastasia

2003-01-01

Full Text Available The Graduated Payment Mortgage (GPM has a unique stair-step payment schedule that often enhances borrower qualification for young, first-time home buyers who are anticipated to have increasing incomes. The determination of the initial payment on a GPM mortgage is often regarded as complex; therefore, textbook authors especially financial real estate normally disregard its theoretical development and substitute instead GPM interest factor tables. This study develops a general equation for finding the initial payment on a GPM and programmable computer spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel routines for implementing the general equation. This approach enhances the technical understanding of the GPM, and its offer more flexible. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Model Graduated Payment Mortgage (GPM memiliki keunikan dalam pembayaran pinjaman yang dapat membantu peminjam usia muda, pembeli rumah pertama yang dapat diantisipasi pertambahan pendapatannya. Pembayaran cicilan pertama GPM sangat kompleks, sehingga pada umumnya buku-buku tentang keuangan real estat menetapkan pola pembayaran GPM menggunakan tabel suku bunga. Penelitian ini mengembangkan pola pembayaran cicilan pertama GPM menggunakan program komputer (Microsoft Excel untuk lebih fleksibel dalam penerapannya. Kata kunci: graduated payment mortgage, cicilan pertama, tabel suku bunga, komputer.

12 CFR 652.70 - Risk-based capital level.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... risk-based capital level is the sum of the following amounts: (a) Credit and interest rate risk. The... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Risk-based capital level. 652.70 Section 652.70 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE...

12 CFR 226.39 - Mortgage transfer disclosures.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... to the loan or it is assigned to the servicer solely for the administrative convenience of the servicer in servicing the obligation. (2) A “mortgage loan” means any consumer credit transaction that is secured by the principal dwelling of a consumer. (b) Disclosure required. Except as provided in paragraph...

75 FR 75091 - Mortgage Assistance Relief Services

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-01

... happening for a number of reasons. First, MARS have been advertised and marketed widely in mass media and... ; Stephanie Armour, Home Foreclosure Rates Posts First Annual Decline in Five Years, USA Today (May 13, 2010... demand to work for loan modification companies. One MARS advertised for consultants with mortgage and...

Formation of the investment mechanism in the agrarian sphere of the region

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valentina Arkad'evna Li

2011-12-01

Full Text Available This paper reviews investment activity in the agrarian sector of economy of the Russian Federation during the period after overcoming the sharp phase of world financial crisis. Estimation is given to the factors constraining further improvement and development of branches of agriculture, first of all — investment activity. The question of possibility of the account of the earth as resource of mortgaging maintenance in system of crediting of agriculture is revealed. The urgency of creation of Land bank is proved; preconditions for formation of the third link of banking system are defined: a specialized financially-credit institution (mortgage, investment, ground banks with a regulation and supervision particular treatment. Measures regarding a solution of a financial maintenance problem and agriculture crediting are offered. To raise efficiency of crediting of agrarian sector, means of development of institutes of crediting of bank system taking into account post crisis factors are suggested.

Energy-efficient mortgages and home energy rating systems: A report on the nation`s progress

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Farhar, B.C.; Eckert, J.

1993-09-01

This report summarizes progress throughout the nation in establishing voluntary programs linking home energy rating systems (HERS) and energy-efficient mortgages (EEMs). These programs use methods for rating the energy efficiency of new and existing homes and predicting energy cost savings so lenders can factor in energy cost savings when underwriting mortgages. The programs also encourage lenders to finance cost-effective energy-efficiency improvements to existing homes with low-interest mortgages or other instruments. The money saved on utility bills over the long term can more than offset the cost of such energy-efficiency improvements. The National Collaborative on HERS and EEMs recommended that this report be prepared.

Education Levels and Mortgage Application Outcomes: Evidence of Financial Literacy. Discussion Paper No. 1369-09

Science.gov (United States)

Collins, J. Michael

2009-01-01

This paper uses 2005 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data aggregated by census tract to measure the relationship between census tract-level college completion rates and the rates at which first lien refinance mortgage applicants submit incomplete loan applications, withdraw loan applications before they are reviewed, and reject lender approved loan…

Contagion in International Stock Markets during the Sub Prime Mortgage Crisis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hsien-Yi Lee

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The sub prime mortgages crises took place in July, 2007 in US which causes the large scare in the global financial markets, and the international stock and foreign market suffer heavy shock. Using twenty international stock indexes, this study examines whether any contagion effect occurred across international markets after the sub-prime financial mortgage crisis in US. Using the heteroscedasticity biases based on correlation coefficients to examine the existence of the contagion effect, this study shows that stock markets of some countries (namely Hong Kong, Taiwan, Australia and New Zealand did suffer from the contagion effect.

THE IMPACT OF THE RECENT FEDERAL RESERVE LARGESCALE ASSET PURCHASES ON THE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY PRICES: A HISTORICAL DECOMPOSITION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sayed H. Saghaian

2014-04-01

Full Text Available In this study, we evaluate the effects of the recent Federal Reserve’s purchases of longterm assets on prices of agricultural commodities. The first large-scale asset purchases began at the end of 2008, after the Great Recession, and the second purchases began in November of 2010. The commodities included in this analysis are meats (beef, pork, and broilers, cereal grains (corn, soybeans, wheat, and rice, and softs (sugar, coffee, cocoa, and cotton. Using historical decompositions, we find significant increases in the nominal agricultural prices of ten out of 12 agricultural commodities under investigation from the second large-scale asset purchases (in 2010 but the first set large-scale asset purchases had only two positive effects.

On the effectiveness of the Federal Reserve's new liquidity facilities

OpenAIRE

Tao Wu

2008-01-01

This paper examines the effectiveness of the new liquidity facilities that the Federal Reserve established in response to the recent financial crisis. I develop a no-arbitrage based affine term structure model with default risk and conduct a thorough factor analysis of the counterparty default risk among major financial institutions and the underlying mortgage default risk. The new facilities' effectiveness is examined, by first separately examining their effects in relieving financial instit...

Miraculous financial engineering or toxic finance? The genesis of the U.S. subprime mortgage loans crisis and its consequences on the global financial markets and real economy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivo Pezzuto

2012-09-01

Full Text Available In the fall of 2008, the U.S. subprime mortgage loans defaults have turned into Wall Street’s biggest crisis since the Great Depression. As hundreds of billions in mortgage-related investments went bad, banks became suspicious of one another’s potential undisclosed credit losses and preferred to reduce their exposure in the interbank markets, thus causing interbank interest rates and credit default swaps increases, a liquidity shortage problem and a worsened credit crunch condition to consumers and businesses. Massive cash injections into money markets and interest rates reductions have been assured by central banks in an attempt to shore up banks and to restore confidence within the financial system. Even Governments have promoted bail-out deal agreements, protections from bankruptcies, recapitalizations and bank nationalizations in order to rescue banks from disastrous bankruptcies. The credit crisis originated in the previous years when the Federal Reserve sharply lowered interest rates (Fed Funds at 1% to limit the economic damage of the stock market decline due to the 2000 dot.com companies’ crisis. Lower interest rates made mortgage payments cheaper, and the demand for homes began to rise, sending prices up. In addition, millions of homeowners took advantage of the rate drop to refinance their existing mortgages. As the industry ramped up, the quality of the mortgages went down due to poor credit origination and credit risk assessment. Delinquency and default rates began to rise in 2006 as interest rates rose (Fed Funds at 5,25% and poor households across the US struggled to pay off their mortgages. Many of them went bankrupt and lost their homes but the pace of lending did not slow. Banks have transformed much of the high-risk mortgage debt (securitizations into mortgage-backed securities (MBS and collateralised debt obligations (CDO, and have sold these assets on the financial markets to investment firms and insurance companies

24 CFR 203.390 - Waiver of title-mortgages or property formerly held by the Secretary.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGE INSURANCE Contract Rights and... conveyed to him, he will not object to title by reason of any lien or other adverse interest that was... mortgage is later conveyed to the Secretary, the Secretary will not object to title by reason of any lien...

77 FR 9177 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA): Suspension of Section 238(c) Single-Family Mortgage...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-16

... economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Executive Order 13132, Federalism Executive Order 13132 (entitled ``Federalism'') prohibits an agency from publishing any rule that has federalism... and funding requirements of section 6 of the Executive Order. This rule will not have federalism...

Integrating Federal and State data records to report progress in establishing agricultural conservation practices on Chesapeake Bay farms

Science.gov (United States)

Hively, W. Dean; Devereux, Olivia H.; Claggett, Peter

2013-01-01

In response to the Executive Order for Chesapeake Bay Protection and Restoration (E.O. #13508, May 12, 2009), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) took on the task of acquiring and assessing agricultural conservation practice data records for U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs, and transferred those datasets in aggregated format to State jurisdictional agencies for use in reporting conservation progress to the Chesapeake Bay Program Partnership (CBP Partnership). Under the guidelines and regulations that have been developed to protect and restore water-quality in the Chesapeake Bay, the six State jurisdictions that fall within the Chesapeake Bay watershed are required to report their progress in promoting agricultural conservation practices to the CBP Partnership on an annual basis. The installation and adoption of agricultural best management practices is supported by technical and financial assistance from both Federal and State conservation programs. The farm enrollment data for USDA conservation programs are confidential, but agencies can obtain access to the privacy-protected data if they are established as USDA Conservation Cooperators. The datasets can also be released to the public if they are first aggregated to protect farmer privacy. In 2012, the USGS used its Conservation Cooperator status to obtain implementation data for conservation programs sponsored by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and the USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) for farms within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Three jurisdictions (Delaware, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia) used the USGS-provided aggregated dataset to report conservation progress in 2012, whereas the remaining three jurisdictions (Maryland, New York, and Virginia) used jurisdictional Conservation Cooperator Agreements to obtain privacy-protected data directly from the USDA. This report reviews the status of conservation data sharing between the USDA and the various jurisdictions, discusses the

12 CFR 226.33 - Requirements for reverse mortgages.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... dwelling; and (2) Any principal, interest, or shared appreciation or equity is due and payable (other than... terms, charges, the age of the youngest borrower and the appraised property value. (4) Explanation of... part of the reverse mortgage transaction. (3) Additional creditor compensation. Any shared appreciation...

75 FR 51623 - Registration of Mortgage Loan Originators

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-23

... online registration system, the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry (Registry). \\1\\ The S.A... benefit only small institutions. \\24\\ 12 U.S.C. 2801 et seq. \\25\\ See 12 CFR 203.2 (Regulation C). Other... limit--rendering gaming opportunities essentially unrealistic. Many commenters noted the complexity of...

77 FR 56857 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection for Public Comment; Public Housing Mortgage Program and...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-14

... of the loan resulting from the mortgage or security interest are used for low-income housing uses... mortgage or security interest in any public housing real estate or other assets, a proposal must be submitted to HUD. After approval and execution of any legal documents associated with the loan and related...

77 FR 70175 - Notice of Submission of Proposed Information Collection to OMB; Public Housing Mortgage Program...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-23

... public housing real property or grant a security interest in other tangible forms of personal property if the proceeds of the loan resulting from the mortgage or security interest are used for low- income..., October 21, 1998) added Section 30, Public Housing Mortgages and Security Interest, to the United States...

7 CFR 3015.83 - Federal cash transactions report.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Federal cash transactions report. 3015.83 Section 3015.83 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) OFFICE OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE UNIFORM FEDERAL ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS Financial Reporting...

Housing Finance in Ghana: Can Community Mortgage Cooperatives ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

There is insufficient housing in Ghana. Available houses are mostly poorly developed and lack the basic amenities required to make them habitable. The growth of households is in excess of housing growth resulting in housing deficit in the country. The formal finance institutions have supplied very little mortgages to ...

The Informal Sector and Mortgage Financing in Ghana

African Journals Online (AJOL)

with some increment prior to first payment completion and flexible collateral ... it presupposes that any policy intervention may be a failure once the informal ... While inflation had remained slightly stable keeping interest rates also slightly firm, the ..... discussed earlier, the mortgage system as pertains in Ghana is very formal ...

Minimizing predatory lending: Designing a long-term compensation structure to minimize the actions of opportunistic mortgage brokers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrick Payne

2013-07-01

Full Text Available This paper addresses the inadequacies in the current compensation structure for mortgage brokers, and asserts that the resulting opportunistic behavior by brokers played a major role in the 2008 collapse of the mortgage market. We utilize agency theory as an underpinning to suggest that increased regulation will have only a limited impact on self-serving behavior due to the complex information asymmetries possessed by brokers. We posit that a restructured long-term compensation package would be effective in aligning the interests of borrowers and brokers, ultimately reducing the level of mortgage defaults and foreclosures.

The financialization of home and the mortgage market crisis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aalbers, M.B.

2008-01-01

Financialization can be characterized as capital switching from the primary, secondary or tertiary circuit to the quaternary circuit of capital. Housing is a central aspect of financialization. The financialization of mortgage markets demands that not just homes but also homeowners become viewed as

Survey data on factors affecting negotiation of professional fees between Estate Valuers and their clients when the mortgage is financed by bank loan: A case study of mortgage valuations in Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria.

Science.gov (United States)

Iroham, Chukwuemeka O; Okagbue, Hilary I; Ogunkoya, Olalekan A; Owolabi, James D

2017-06-01

In this article, two sets of questionnaires were administered to professionals and clients (commercial banks) on their willingness to negotiate the professional fees charged by the Estate Valuers assuming that the mortgage in valuation was financed by bank loan. A range of fees options were provided. Other factors such as the business environment and mortgage valuation can influence the negotiated fees when the data obtained from the survey data is analyzed.

SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF THE SUB-PRIME MORTGAGE CRISIS TO THE ASIAN STOCK MARKETS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Esta Lestari

2014-10-01

Full Text Available AbstractThis paper aims to analyze the effects of the sub-prime mortgage crisis on several Asian stock markets. An Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (EGARCH model is employed to provide an empirical evidence of the direct spillover. The indirect effect is measured through the spillover effects from the increased volatility in the U.S. stock markets to the Asian stock markets. The results showed that the market integration occurs within Asian stock markets. Meanwhile the asymmetric effects are evident for all the Asian countries stock markets, indicating that financial markets in Asia are suffered more from negative news (shocks lead to more volatilities compared to positive news. Keywords: Stock market, sub-prime mortgage crisis, volatility, spillover effectJEL classification numbers: C22, F36, G15AbstrakPaper ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh krisis sub-prime mortgage pada beberapa pasar saham Asia. Model Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (EGARCH digunakan untuk mendapatkan bukti empiris dari kenaikan volatilitas dalam pasar saham Amerika pada pasar-pasar saham Asia. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa integrasi pasar terjadi di dalam pasar saham Asia. Sementara itu, pengaruh asimetris terbukti terjadi di pasar-pasar saham Asia, mengindikasikan bahwa pasar-pasar keuangan di Asia menderita lebih parah sebagai akibat dari kejutan negatif dibandingkan dengan dampak dari kejutan positif.Kata kunci: Pasar saham, krisis sub-prime mortgage, volatilitas, pengaruh spillover JEL classification numbers: C22, F36, G15

Institutional racism and pregnancy health: using Home Mortgage Disclosure act data to develop an index for Mortgage discrimination at the community level.

Science.gov (United States)

Mendez, Dara D; Hogan, Vijaya K; Culhane, Jennifer

2011-01-01

We used Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data to demonstrate a method for constructing a residential redlining index to measure institutional racism at the community level. We examined the application of the index to understand the social context of health inequities by applying the residential redlining index among a cohort of pregnant women in Philadelphia. We used HMDA data from 1999-2004 to create residential redlining indices for each census tract in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania. We linked the redlining indices to data from a pregnancy cohort study and the 2000 Census. We spatially mapped the levels of redlining for each census tract for this pregnancy cohort and tested the association between residential redlining and other community-level measures of segregation and individual health. From 1999-2004, loan applicants in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, of black race/ethnicity were almost two times as likely to be denied a mortgage loan compared with applicants who were white (e.g., 1999 odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63, 2.28; and 2004 OR=2.26, 95% CI 1.98, 2.58). The majority (77.5%) of the pregnancy cohort resided in redlined neighborhoods, and there were significant differences in residence in redlined areas by race/ethnicity (pracism may contribute to our understanding of health disparities. Residential redlining and mortgage discrimination against communities may be a major factor influencing neighborhood structure, composition, development, and wealth attainment. This residential redlining index as a measure for institutional racism can be applied in health research to understand the unique social and neighborhood contexts that contribute to health inequities.

Survey data on factors affecting negotiation of professional fees between Estate Valuers and their clients when the mortgage is financed by bank loan: A case study of mortgage valuations in Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chukwuemeka O. Iroham

2017-06-01

Full Text Available In this article, two sets of questionnaires were administered to professionals and clients (commercial banks on their willingness to negotiate the professional fees charged by the Estate Valuers assuming that the mortgage in valuation was financed by bank loan. A range of fees options were provided. Other factors such as the business environment and mortgage valuation can influence the negotiated fees when the data obtained from the survey data is analyzed.

“There's a Difference—I Own This”: Negotiating Social and Financial Services under Threat of Mortgage Foreclosure.

Science.gov (United States)

Castro Baker, Amy; Keene, Danya E

2016-10-01

Although national housing markets have recovered from the Great Recession, communities hardest hit by the foreclosure crisis remain immersed in mortgage trouble. Nineteen percent of homeowners are underwater on their mortgages and communities of color are overrepresented among zip codes still experiencing default in rising numbers. The social services needs of homeowners at risk of foreclosure show few signs of abating. High levels of market risk, asymmetrical power relationships, and the assumption that rational action can protect homeowners mark the climate in which households and social workers operate while attempting to halt foreclosure. The research described in this article draws on in-depth interviews conducted with homeowners at risk of default to examine the strategies they used to alleviate their mortgage strain. These strategies included seeking aid from financial and social services institutions while living under threat of default. As homeowners experienced mortgage strain they engaged in recommended rational market actions such as negotiating with lenders, increasing work hours, practicing strict household budgeting, and seeking aid from social work agencies to offset mortgage costs. The gathered data suggest that some social workers responded with poorly contextualized treatment plans and language characterized by disrespect, shame, and blame; others responded with mental health assistance, referrals to legal aid, and a helping relationship characterized by a sense of mattering that seemed to buffer against the psychosocial stressors associated with foreclosure.

7 CFR 1260.112 - Federation.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Federation. 1260.112 Section 1260.112 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., which includes as its State affiliates the qualified State beef councils. ...

Mortgage Loan Portfolio Optimization Using Multi-Stage Stochastic Programming

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rasmussen, Kourosh Marjani; Clausen, Jens

2007-01-01

We consider the dynamics of the Danish mortgage loan system and propose several models to reflect the choices of a mortgagor as well as his attitude towards risk. The models are formulated as multi stage stochastic integer programs, which are difficult to solve for more than 10 stages. Scenario...

Stochastic optimization of subprime residential mortgage loan funding and its risks / by B. de Waal

OpenAIRE

De Waal, Bernadine

2010-01-01

The subprime mortgage crisis (SMC) is an ongoing housing and nancial crisis that was triggered by a marked increase in mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures in the U.S. It has had major adverse consequences for banks and nancial markets around the globe since it became apparent in 2007. In our research, we examine an originator's (OR's) nonlinear stochastic optimal control problem related to choices regarding deposit inflow rates and marketable securities allocation. Here, ...

78 FR 78519 - Appraisals for Higher-Priced Mortgage Loans

Science.gov (United States)

2013-12-26

... where the holder of the credit risk of the existing obligation remains the same on the refinancing. The....'' Specifically, new TILA section 129H prohibits a creditor from extending credit in the form of a ``higher-risk... rule.\\8\\ The term ``higher-risk mortgage'' generally encompasses a closed-end consumer credit...

A large-dimensional factor analysis of the Federal Reserve's large-scale asset purchases

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bork, Lasse

This paper assesses the economy-wide effects of US unconventional monetary policy shocks. A precise identification of the unconventional monetary policy shocks is achieved by imposing zero and sign restrictions on a number of impulse responses from a large-dimensional dynamic factor model....... In particular, an unconventional expansionary monetary policy shock is identified as a shock that increases the Federal Reserve's market share of US treasuries and mortgage-backed securities, and leads to an improvement in the real economy and improved credit conditions. I find that an unconventional monetary...... securities by the Federal Reserve Bank avoided a severe downturn according to estimates from a counterfactual analysis....

26 CFR 1.25-3T - Qualified mortgage credit certificate (Temporary).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... providing the mortgage or to the issuer of the certificate containing a material misstatement and such misstatement is due to fraud. In determining whether any misstatement is due to fraud, the rules generally...

75 FR 9247 - Single Family Mortgage Insurance Premium, Single Family

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-01

... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5376-N-13] Single Family Mortgage Insurance Premium, Single Family AGENCY: Office of the Chief Information Officer, HUD. ACTION: Notice... is soliciting public comments on the subject proposal. Lenders use the Single Family Premium...

26 CFR 20.2053-7 - Deduction for unpaid mortgages.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... valuation method under section 2032 is selected. In any case where real property situated outside the United... amount of a mortgage upon, or of any other indebtedness in respect of, any property of the gross estate, including interest which had accrued thereon to the date of death, provided the value of the property...

Mortgage finance in Central and Eastern Europe : Opportunity or burden?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Beck, T.H.L.; Kibuuja, K.; Tiongson, E.; Cull, R.; Demirguc-Kunt, A.; Murdoch, J.

2012-01-01

Household credit, especially for mortgages, has doubled over the past years in the new European Union member countries, raising concerns about the economic and social consequences of household indebtedness in the event of a macroeconomic crisis. Using household survey data for 2005, 2006, and 2007

76 FR 33121 - Record Retention for Regulated Entities and Office of Finance

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-08

...The Federal Housing Finance Agency is issuing a final regulation to set forth record retention requirements for the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, the Federal Home Loan Banks, and the Office of Finance.

12 CFR 1731.2 - Definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... AND SOUNDNESS MORTGAGE FRAUD REPORTING § 1731.2 Definitions. For purposes of this part— (a) Director... Association or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. (c) Mortgage fraud means a material misstatement... mortgage, including a mortgage associated with a mortgage-backed security or similar financial instrument...

24 CFR 221.795 - Displacement-below market interest rate mortgages.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... Rights and Obligations-Moderate Income Projects § 221.795 Displacement—below market interest rate... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Displacement-below market interest rate mortgages. 221.795 Section 221.795 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing...

INFLUENCE OF MORTGAGE RATES PRICE FORMATION ON THE PRIMARY HOUSING MARKET

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nikolay I. Kornilov

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The article considers relationship of pricesin the primary market, depending on theregional origin and type of home, with thevalue of mortgage rates. Assesses thestrength of such a relationship and thepossible effects of changes in such rates.

The Impact of Financial Sophistication on Adjustable Rate Mortgage Ownership

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Hyrum; Finke, Michael S.; Huston, Sandra J.

2011-01-01

The influence of a financial sophistication scale on adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) borrowing is explored. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis using recent data from the Survey of Consumer Finances reveal that ARM borrowing is driven by both the least and most financially sophisticated households but for different reasons. Less…

75 FR 35030 - Home Mortgage Disclosure Act; Notice of Hearings

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-21

..., ethnicity, sex, and annual income of the loan applicant; action taken on the loan application (approved... Required lenders to ask applicants their ethnicity, race, and sex in applications taken by telephone. In... requirements to the definition of ``higher-priced mortgage loan'' adopted by the Board under Regulation Z...

Carrington Real Estate Services, LLC and Carrington Mortgage Services, LLC Information Sheet

Science.gov (United States)

Carrington Real Estate Services, LLC and Carrington Mortgage Services, LLC (the Company) is located in Anaheim, California. The settlement involves the sale of properties constructed prior to 1978, located in Bakersfield and Ridgecrest, California.

Getting sick and falling behind: health and the risk of mortgage default and home foreclosure.

Science.gov (United States)

Houle, Jason N; Keene, Danya E

2015-04-01

An emerging literature shows that mortgage strain can lead to poor health outcomes, but less work has focused on whether and how health shocks influence mortgage distress. We examine the link between changes in health status and default/foreclosure risk among older middle-aged adults. We used National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 data and multivariate logistic regression models to examine the relationship between changes in health limitations and chronic conditions across survey waves and risk of mortgage default and foreclosure. We found that changes in health limitations and chronic conditions increased the risk of default and foreclosure between 2007 and 2010. These associations were partially mediated by changes in family income and loss of health insurance. From a policy perspective, the strong link between the onset of illness and foreclosure suggests a need to re-examine the safety-nets that are available to individuals who become ill or disabled. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

75 FR 41875 - Technical Processing Requirements for Multifamily Project Mortgage Insurance

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-19

... is used to determine if key principals are acceptable and have the ability to manage the development... principals are acceptable and have the ability to manage the development, construction, completion, and... Requirements for Multifamily Project Mortgage Insurance AGENCY: Office of the Chief Information Officer, HUD...

The role of mortgages and consumer credit in the business cycle

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sterk, V.

2011-01-01

Many households rely on mortgages and consumer credit to finance their expenditures. Lenders usually impose certain conditions on loans, such as limits on the amounts that can be borrowed. Conventional intuition suggests that such conditions are important for our understanding of the business cycle,

Ameliorating Local Impacts with Architectural Research: Subprime Mortgages & Housing Quality

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lynne M. Dearborn

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Shock waves from the current housing crisis that still echo through Wall Street’s largest financial firms, not only have threatened to topple financial markets and drive the country into a depression, but have also undermined the all-time high home ownership rate in the United States. The most attention-grabbing dimensions and headlines of the current crisis seem to be the staggering losses incurred by the likes of Bear Sterns and Citigroup, and the demise of some of the large corporations such as Washington Mutual. However, the real crisis is not on Wall Street or in the banking sector, but in low- and moderate-income and minority homes and neighborhoods throughout the country. At least ten years before the present subprime foreclosure crisis became mainstream news, these marginalized communities were feeling the negative effects of mortgage fraud and predatory lending practices occurring with regularity in the subprime market. This paper discusses an ongoing study of Subprime Lending, Mortgage Fraud and Housing Quality in process since 2002. This four-part study has employed foreclosure data with statistical and mapping analysis, detailed interviews with victims of predatory lending, systematic documentation of the resulting housing environments, and documentation of property improvements in light of victims’ legal settlements. While subprime lending has supported the expansion of homeownership in the United States, this on-going study suggests that this expansion has sometimes been at the expense of safe, code-compliant living environments forlow-income, minority and elderly homeowners. Some of the victims of predatory lending and mortgage fraud have sought legal redress through the courts but many have suffered personal financial, health, emotional, and family crises as well. The current broad-scale discussion of the topic has given attention to the lack of regulation facilitating these unethical practices, but it is unclear that current

Asset Depletion, Chronic Financial Stress, and Mortgage Trouble Among Older Female Homeowners.

Science.gov (United States)

Castro Baker, Amy; West, Stacia; Wood, Anna

2017-09-08

The Great Recession disproportionately impacted older adults and women of color, suggesting that women may be entering retirement without adequate assets. However, the current literature lacks a detailed account of women's experiences of mortgage trouble and foreclosure, as well as a longitudinal view of how these experiences impacted their overall financial assets. Grounded in cumulative inequality theory, this mixed methods study employed a QUAL→quan approach to gather qualitative data from a sample of 21 older adult women regarding their experiences of mortgage trouble. Quantitative longitudinal data was gathered for a subsample of the Early Baby Boomer Cohort using the Health and Retirement Study. Qualitative findings indicated women approaching retirement experienced chronic underemployment, wage stagnation, and financial volatility as contributors to asset depletion and eventual mortgage default or foreclosure. Quantitative results indicated asset depletion both during and post-Recession was considerably more pronounced among older adult women of color compared to older adult White men. These findings suggest that a lifetime of financial disadvantage coupled with macroeconomic instability situates older adult women, particularly women of color, in a financially vulnerable position for retirement. The ways in which 2017 attacks on the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Dodd-Frank, and the Fiduciary rule carry potential to further destabilize this population are also discussed. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

10 CFR 433.2 - Definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

..., the following terms, phrases and words are defined as follows: ANSI means the American National... Postal Service, the Federal National Mortgage Association, and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation...

26 CFR 1.6050H-1 - Information reporting of mortgage interest received in a trade or business from an individual.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... of record. A payor of record on a mortgage is the person carried on the books and records of the interest recipient as the principal borrower on the mortgage. If the books and records of the interest... from the payor of record is secured by the payor of record's principal residence. An intention by the...

A two-factor, stochastic programming model of Danish mortgage-backed securities

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Søren S.; Poulsen, Rolf

2004-01-01

-trivial, both in terms of deciding on an initial mortgage, and in terms of managing (rebalancing) it optimally.We propose a two-factor, arbitrage-free interest-rate model, calibrated to observable security prices, and implement on top of it a multi-stage, stochastic optimization program with the purpose...

Credit Booms and Lending Standards : Evidence from the Subprime Mortgage Market

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dell’Ariccia, G.; Igan, D.; Laeven, L.

2009-01-01

This paper links the current subprime mortgage crisis to a decline in lending standards associated with the rapid expansion and changes in the structure of this market. We show that lending standards declined more in areas that experienced faster credit growth. We also find that the entry of new

24 CFR 242.23 - Maximum mortgage amounts and cash equity requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... addition to the value of plant, property, and equipment and other values recognized as loan security in the commitment process. Exercise of this discretion shall never cause a loan to exceed 90 percent of estimated... COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL...

Contagion of us subprime mortgage crisis to Colombian economy: measured by financial market data

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chu V. Nguyen

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The long-horizon event study methodology is used to document the severe impact of the US subprime mortgage crisis on the Colombian economy. The estimated parameter of a constantmean return model is used to derive the “abnormal return” on the market portfolios of Colombia over its selected event window. Analyses of the results reveal that the US subprime mortgage crisis negatively affected both the Colombian and the US equity markets almost identically in terms of cumulative percentage reductions and timing. Statistic testing results seem to support the qualitative observation. This phenomenon can be attributable to the recent multilateral and regional trade agreements that increase the flow of trade and foreign direct investment to Colombia.

Danish Mortgage Finance, Property Rights Protection and Economic Development

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haldrup, Karin

of screening methods for assessing the readiness for such transplantation depends on a deeper understanding of three large domains: A) Mortgage Finance, B) Cadastre and Land Registration; and C) Economic Development; and the interrelations between these three areas. In particular the thesis has focused...... formal property rights regimes and real credit with implications for development strategies. The PhD was co-sponsored by VP Securities A/S, www.vp.dk...

Dåser uden pant: Cans without a mortgage

OpenAIRE

Rostrup, Emil; Mouritzen, Jeppe; Wagner, Sara; Skovlund, Kristian; Rein, Jakob; Engholm, Simon

2013-01-01

This research aims to investigate the possibility of changing people’s recycle behaviour, with a focus on cans without a mortgage, through a design. In order to investigate this possibility, a needs assessment was carried out, where the specific demands of waste plants, consumers, retail trade and environment were taken into consideration. The demands of the waste plants as well as the demand of the retail trade were found by collecting empiricism from various websites. The needs of the consu...

78 FR 15869 - Repeal of Disclosure Regulations

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-13

...) with respect to the entities regulated by OFHEO and by the Finance Board. The regulations being repealed govern public financial disclosures made by the entities with respect to certain federal... Government to regulate and oversee the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage...

Fiscally Unsustainable Social Welfare, Untenable Housing Solutions and the Mortgage Default Ratio in South Africa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vuyisani Vuyisani Moss

2013-10-01

Full Text Available This article reflects on social welfare system and governance of housingmarkets from an end-user perspective. The article critically analyses the wayin which social welfare has correlated to unsustainable development and createdself entitlement behaviours and attitudes in the South African low incomehousing market.  The phenomenon wasdemonstrable by empirical research whose findings confirmed an existence of anassociation between a fully subsidized social housing model (as underpinned bySouth Africa’s social welfare and propensity to default on mortgages.  The study found that the risk of default byhomeowners in the low income housing market in South Africa is influenced bygovernment’s housing grant model. In other words, the research established thatthe principle of servicing a mortgaged starter property (that is almost similarto a government free house by both structure and design is not universallyaccepted by homeowners of these mortgaged houses.  The unintended consequences are that thesystem has created indefinite expectations that potentially could; (i erodethe country’s balance sheet; (ii add to non-payment behaviour; (iii pressurizethe economic and credit systems; (iv propagate entitlement attitudes andmindsets; (v create social instability and (v widened the country’s balanceof payment deficits.

75 FR 3647 - Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation Funding and Fiscal Affairs; Risk-Based Capital...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-22

... Funding and Fiscal Affairs; Risk-Based Capital Requirements AGENCY: Farm Credit Administration. ACTION... further directed FCA to estimate the credit risk on the portfolio covered by this new authority at a rate... component to directly recognize the credit risk on such loans.\\4\\ At the time of the Farm Bill's enactment...

78 FR 65541 - Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation Funding and Fiscal Affairs; Farmer Mac Liquidity...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-11-01

... attention issues and concerns that they believe warrant further or heightened FCA scrutiny. The second...; Divide the 90-day liquidity reserve into three tiers so Farmer Mac has a sufficient amount of cash and... that can be traded at fair value and an explicit public backstop.'' From the FCA's perspective, whether...

77 FR 66375 - Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation Funding and Fiscal Affairs; Farmer Mac Investment...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-05

... requirements. investment purposes and limitation. Sec. 652.20 Liquidity reserve Sec. 652.20 Eligible non... non-program Sec. 652.35 Liquidity reserve investments. management and requirements. Sec. 652.40 Stress... requirements, complying with liquidity requirements, or managing surplus short-term funds, mission advancement...

On a class of adjustable rate mortgage loans subject to a strict balance principle

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Astrup Jensen, Bjarne

We describe the background and the basic funding mechanisms for the type of adjustable rate mortgageloans that were introduced in the Danish market in 1996. Each loan is funded separately by tap issuingpass-through mortgage bonds (`strict balance principle'). The novelty is a funding mechanism...... that usesa roll-over strategy, where long term loans are funded by sequentially issuing short term pass-throughbonds, and the first issuer of these loans obtained a patent on the funding principles in 1999. Publiclyavailable descriptions of the principles leave an impression of very complicated numerical...... algorithms.The algorithms described here show that the essentials can be reduced to a `back of an envelope' complexity.Keywords: Adjustable rate mortgages, balance principle, patent, yield curve riding...

From France to the World: The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John Paull

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The formation of the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM at Versailles, France, in 1972 set organic food and farming on a strong future trajectory. It was an initiative of France’s Nature et Progrès, and driven by its then President, Roland Chevriot. IFOAM was founded with the support of a small cluster of kindred organisations: Rodale Press of the USA; the Soil Association of the UK; the Soil Association of South Africa; and the Swedish Biodynamic Association. None of these five organisations bore the term ‘organic’ in their title, nevertheless, the choice of name acknowledged ‘organic’ as the term to signify their common cause. It secured ‘organic’ as the core narrative element and as the international descriptor of what is now a clearly identifiable and differentiated segment of the global food and farming sector. From the outset ‘biodynamic’ was accepted as a special case of ‘organic’. The formation of IFOAM created an entity which united the aspirations, the philosophies and the hopes of disparate groups each with roles primarily restricted to national advocacy. IFOAM has grown to a federation of 804 organisations from 111 counties. Organic production statistics are now reported by IFOAM from 154 countries and organic sector retail sales are reported to be US$51b annually. IFOAM is based in Bonn, Germany, and as the global umbrella advocacy group for the organic sector it is without peer.

7 CFR 3015.204 - Federal Register publications.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Federal Register publications. 3015.204 Section 3015.204 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) OFFICE OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL... Register publications. (a) Program regulations. Most grant programs have program-specific regulations...

The Psychology and Economics of Reverse Mortgage Attitudes : Evidence from the Netherlands

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dillingh, W.F.; Prast, Henriette; Rossi, M.; Urzi Brancati, C.

2015-01-01

We find that among Dutch homeowners there is substantial potential interest in reverse mortgages, especially for the purpose of being able to live more comfortably and not worry about money until death, or to make a significant expenditure— on e.g. home improvements or traveling. Our regression

12 CFR 614.4100 - Policies governing lending through Federal land bank associations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... lending through Federal land bank associations. (a) Farm Credit Banks and agricultural credit banks may delegate authority to make credit decisions to Federal land bank associations that demonstrate the ability... Farm Credit Bank and each agricultural credit bank lending through Federal land bank associations shall...

Multi-Period Structural Model of a Mortgage Portfolio with Cointegrated Factors

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Gapko, Petr; Šmíd, Martin

2016-01-01

Roč. 66, č. 6 (2016), s. 565-574 ISSN 0015-1920 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA15-10331S Institutional support: RVO:67985556 Keywords : credit risk * mortgage * loan portfolio * dynamic model * estimation Subject RIV: AH - Economics Impact factor: 0.604, year: 2016 http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2016/E/smid-0467176.pdf

Mortgage market maturity and homeownership inequality among young households: a five-country perspective

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bičáková, Alena; Sierminska, E.

-, č. 90 (2008), s. 1-58 ISSN 1864-6689 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70850503 Keywords : home ownership * credit constraints * mortgage market Subject RIV: AH - Economics http://www.diw-berlin.de/documents/publikationen/73/79474/diw_sp0090.pdf

Mortgage market maturity and homeownership inequality among young households: a five-country perspective

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bičáková, Alena; Sierminska, E.

-, č. 778 (2008), s. 1-51 ISSN 1619-4535 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70850503 Keywords : home ownership * credit constraints * mortgage market Subject RIV: AH - Economics http://www.diw-berlin.de/documents/publikationen/73/81771/dp778.pdf

Purchasing complex services on the Internet; An analysis of mortgage loan acquisitions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

B.L.K. Vroomen (Björn); A.C.D. Donkers (Bas); P.C. Verhoef (Peter); Ph.H.B.F. Franses (Philip Hans)

2003-01-01

textabstractIn contrast to, for example, books and compact discs, the number of complex services offered on the Internet is still small. A good example of such a service concerns mortgage loans. The decision-making process differs for complex services in that they have an extra intermediate step of

77 FR 57317 - 2012 Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z) Mortgage Servicing

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-17

... servicers under a variety of business models. In some cases, creditors service mortgage loans that they... disbursement, and cross-marketing other products and services to borrowers. Under this business model...), available at: http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1074/86WLR755.pdf . These...

PROSPECTS OF MORTGAGE ARE IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF REFORMATION OF THE TAXATION OF PROPERTY: ESTIMATION OF RISKS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. Hudzynska

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This article explores the possible risks of taxation introduction of real estate owned by the people, for the system of bank mortgage lending in Ukraine. The current state of the mortgage market in Ukraine is reviewed. The influence of the Institute property taxation in general increase of the fiscal burden on citizens is investigated. A possible state in the contingents of households in terms of pay, including in the investment sphere is reviewed. Approaches of model property taxation, which is owned by citizens, are suggested. Proposed not to tax property (household used by a person as a primary residence. This approach is seen as prevention for loss of real estate that is used as the basis of residence by citizens, in case of loss of solvency over objective, independent reasons, and as a tool to ensure the proper fulfillment of obligations by mortgage according to real contracts.

The impact of concentration and regulation on competition in the Dutch mortgage market

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mulder, Machiel

2014-01-01

This article investigates the effects of industry structure and regulatory pricing constraints on competition in the Dutch mortgage market during the global financial crisis that began in 2008. This highly concentrated market became even more concentrated following the financial crisis, when some

rapid increase in precaution The global financial crisis: origin ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

2010-05-01

May 1, 2010 ... loosening of lending standards and the rise of sub prime mortgages. In order to cover the risk of defaults on mortgages, particularly sub prime mortgages, sed credit default swaps. 3. (CDSs). These are. 2 Fannie Mae (Federal National Mortgage Association) is a government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) ...

TIAA's Commercial Mortgage and Real Estate Investments: The Case for Financial Disclosure.

Science.gov (United States)

Garrigan, Richard T.; Jones, Thomas W.

1992-01-01

The Teachers Insurance and Annuities Association (TIAA) is criticized for inadequate financial disclosure of its mortgage and real estate investments, especially in the current market. A TIAA vice president responds that the company has not been remiss in reporting changes to its constituents and outlines its present financial status. (MSE)

effects of climate change on agricultural productivity in the federal

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Osondu

2012-10-18

Oct 18, 2012 ... The effects of the dynamics of climate on agricultural production are the thrust of this paper. Temperature .... climatic conditions that influence agricultural production in ... temperature when there are few clouds in the. FCT.

24 CFR 203.437 - Mortgages involving a dwelling unit in a cooperative housing development.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... Corporate Certificate Transfer Book that such book currently shows that the Secretary is the owner of the... mortgage has announced an intention to foreclose. [42 FR 40432, Aug. 10, 1977; 42 FR 57435, Nov. 2, 1977...

Consultative selling in financial services : An observational study of the mortgage mediation process

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Verhallen, Theo M.m.; Greve, Harriette; Frambach, Ruud Th

1997-01-01

Notes that the literature on personal selling and advising on services stresses the importance of analysing the actual client-adviser interaction process. Explores this process of interaction in a mortgage setting by observing 42 conversations between advisers and 26 clients. The exact content and

12 CFR Appendix B to Part 1720 - Policy Guidance; Non-Mortgage Liquidity Investments

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... investment activities. The Board of Directors and management must evaluate the effectiveness of non-mortgage... Board in terms of why they occurred (e.g., changes in portfolio composition, changes in funding costs... reviewed annually, for: i. Credit threshold guidelines: Credit quality is a compelling factor for liquidity...

77 FR 2024 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Single-Family Mortgage Insurance: Elimination of Requests...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-13

... transaction data and indirect home value data at the county level. In addition, since HUD began this new... advance by calling the Regulations Division at (202) 708- 3055 (this is not a toll-free number). Individuals with speech or hearing impairments may access this number via TTY by calling the Federal Relay...

Taming agricultural risks

OpenAIRE

Oppedahl, David B.

2014-01-01

On November 19, 2013, the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago held a conference to explore the key risks faced by agricultural producers and lenders, as well as the risk-management tools available to them, in today’s volatile environment.

77 FR 72920 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Section 232 Healthcare Mortgage Insurance Program: Partial...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-12-07

... 202-708- 0599 (this is not a toll-free number). Persons with hearing or speech impairments may access... freedom of choice for the public. As this rule will include guidance for PPCs in the Code of Federal...-402-3055 (this is not a toll-free number). Individuals with speech or hearing impairments may access...

24 CFR 203.29 - Eligible mortgages in Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, or the Virgin Islands.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... construct dwellings without sacrificing sound standards of construction, design or livability, the party may submit documentation in support of an alternative mortgage limit. This documentation should include actual or estimated costs of such items as design, construction, materials, and labor. In addition...

78 FR 45945 - 60-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Contractor's Requisition-Project Mortgages

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-30

... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5687-N-34] 60-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Contractor's Requisition--Project Mortgages AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... Section A. A. Overview of Information Collection Title of Information Collection: Contractor's Requisition...

Mortgage lending and house prices in Albania - a co-integrated analysis based on VECM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erjona REBI

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The general view that the banks’ lending plays a crucial role in the real estate market was again confirmed during the recent financial crisis. During the precrisis period, house prices in Albania increased rapidly, supported also by a fast expansion of mortgage lending. This study aims to empirically analyse the relation between housing prices and banks’ financing in the long run, referring to a VECM model. The estimated results confirm the important role of mortgage to house prices. Meanwhile, the relation between house prices and interest rates resulted statistically insignificant. Unlike the previous literature, exchange rate has been included as an endogenous variable. Results show positive correlation and statistical significance between house prices and exchange rate. Finally, this paper is expected to contribute to the literature as there are very few studies that elaborate on the macroeconomic factors’ influence on the housing prices in Albania.

78 FR 16189 - Transportation of Agricultural Commodities

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-14

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 49 CFR Parts 382, 383, 390, 391, 395, 396 [Docket No. FMCSA-2012-0378] RIN 2126-AB58 Transportation of Agricultural...: FMCSA promulgates the regulatory exemptions for the ``transportation of agricultural commodities and...

State Mortgage Foreclosure Policies and Lender Interventions: Impacts on Borrower Behavior in Default

Science.gov (United States)

Collins, J. Michael; Lam, Ken; Herbert, Christopher E.

2011-01-01

Due to the rise in foreclosure filings, policymakers are increasingly concerned with helping families in financial distress keep their homes. This paper tests the extent to which distressed mortgage borrowers benefit from three types of state foreclosure polices: (1) judicial foreclosure proceedings, (2) statutory rights of redemption, and (3)…

75 FR 50801 - Reverse Mortgage Products: Guidance for Managing Compliance and Reputation Risks

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-17

... recommended in this guidance when advertising reverse mortgages through certain forms of media, such as radio... organization commenter urged that loan originators should ensure that brokers do not advertise reverse... borrower was 73 years old, had a home valued at $261,500, and had financial assets of less than $33,000...

77 FR 57199 - 2012 Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (Regulation X) Mortgage Servicing Proposal

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-17

... servicers under a variety of business models. In some cases, creditors service mortgage loans that they... business model, servicers act primarily as payment collectors and processors, and provide minimal customer... (2011) (Thompson), available at http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1...

76 FR 35138 - Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation Funding and Fiscal Affairs; Farmer Mac Risk-Based...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-16

... Funding and Fiscal Affairs; Farmer Mac Risk-Based Capital Stress Test, Version 5.0 AGENCY: Farm Credit... credit rating agency) in regulations addressing the Risk-Based Capital Stress Test (RBCST or stress test...) (repealing and replacing Pub. L. 110-234). B. Risk-Based Capital and Credit Ratings Under our rules, Farmer...

78 FR 5320 - Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation Funding and Fiscal Affairs; Farmer Mac Capital Planning

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-25

... the business planning period a required discussion of how factors might impact Farmer Mac's current... discussion of any expected changes to Farmer Mac's business plan that are likely to have a material impact on... conditions that cause increases in delinquency rates caused by any variety of factors (e.g., widespread...

78 FR 65145 - Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation Funding and Fiscal Affairs; Farmer Mac Capital Planning

Science.gov (United States)

2013-10-31

... capital adequacy and capital planning. \\4\\ Bank for International Settlements, Basel Committee on Banking....60--Corporate Business Planning The Farm Credit Council commented that our reference to ``goals and.... 652.60 to read as follows: Sec. 652.60 Corporate business planning. (a) Farmer Mac's board of...

75 FR 27951 - Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation Funding and Fiscal Affairs; Farmer Mac Investments and...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-19

.... 2279aa-2279cc et seq.) \\2\\ See section 8.13 of the Act. A fundamental premise of finance is the natural... changes to the regulations to enhance their fundamental objective: to ensure the safety and soundness and... purpose embedded in its corporate mission that arises from having been created by an act of Congress. The...

Internet Use for Agricultural Knowledge Generation and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This study examined the internet use for agricultural knowledge generation and dissemination among researchers and lecturers in Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, National Institute of Freshwater Fisheries Research and Federal College of Wildlife Management in Niger State, Nigeria. Primary data ...

Housing policy and the granting of mortgage loans in the city of Cúcuta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jhon Antuny Pabón-León

2017-02-01

Full Text Available This reflection article focuses on housing policy and the granting of mortgage loans in the city of Cúcuta from promulgation of housing policy. It is a descriptive study of quantitative approach, non-experimental, transectional supported in document review addressing three thematic areas: housing policies of the Government, the housing market and housing finance. The House today on day one of the problems that most affect society due among other factors to the growth of cities and next to it is tenure and housing needs. The crisis of housing in Colombia has been one of the most crippling economic problems in recent years and as a result new instruments are designed to provide effective access to housing and care for the potential beneficiaries. Thus arises the concern about what was the impact on the allocation of mortgage loans in the city of Cúcuta from promulgation of housing policy? It is concluded that although opinions differ on the effectiveness of housing policy clearly program presented a positive balance in the city of Cúcuta.

AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN JAPAN - A MODEL FOR COOPERATIVIZATION OF AGRICULTURE FROM ROMANIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Remus Gherman

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Japan's agriculture provides only a part from the population's needs, in caloric terms Japan must impute 60% of foods. Arable land are few, but are worked very performant, rice being the main crop together with cotton, citrus, sugarcane, wheat, potato, soybean, sugar beet, other vegetables. Widely is practiced sericulture and fisheries, Japan being one of the leading producers of silk from the world and having over 600 ports specialized for fishing. Japanese agriculture has remained behind the industry and services, this trend being manifested after the very high economic growth from 1960-1970. The main focus of the movements from the Japanese cooperative system is represented by the creation of large specialized farms through the replacing of the traditional ones. The most important task of agricultural cooperatives from Japan is meeting the consumption needs of its members. Integrated leadership of Japanese cooperatives of farmers act at all levels, primary, at prefecture level and at national level. Contractual relationships play a decisive role in the integration of Japanese farmers. In Japan there are about 840 agricultural cooperatives very well organized with a balanced planning and efficiently conducted, agricultural cooperative MIKABI being the most developed, mainly focused on the production of mandarins. In Japan there are three large distribution centers of agricultural products, 29 distribution markets controlled by the prefecture and 1,000 local markets. Organization of cooperatives is the pyramid system on three levels: local, prefecture and national (National Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives.

7 CFR 3015.156 - Application for Federal assistance (short form).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Application for Federal assistance (short form). 3015... Application for Federal Assistance § 3015.156 Application for Federal assistance (short form). Governments shall use the Application for Federal Assistance (Short Form) form prescribed by Circular A-102 in...

78 FR 10901 - Mortgage Servicing Rules Under the Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z)

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-14

... who's actually going to be punished by the mortgage fraud settlement, Bloomberg News, February 10... Unsound Foreclosure Practices (Apr. 13, 2011), available at http://www.occ.gov/news-issuances/news...), available at http://www.occ.treas.gov/news-issuances/news-releases/2011/nr-occ-2011-47.html . \\30\\ See Fed...

26 CFR 1.6709-1T - Penalties with respect to mortgage credit certificates (temporary).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Additions to the Tax, Additional Amounts... affidavit or other statement under a penalty of perjury made with respect to the issuance of a mortgage credit certificate and such misstatement is due to the negligence of that person, that person shall pay a...

An Investigation into the Fundamental Drivers of Pricing of Residential Mortgage Products – A Risk Pricing Viewpoint

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Harry M Karamujic

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Residential mortgage products (also known as home loans pricing has been long understood to be something of a ‘dark art’, requiring judgment and experience, rather than being an exact science. In the last decade, a lot has changed in this field and more and more lenders, primarily the larger lenders, are increasingly looking to make their pricing as exact as possible. Even so, inadequate pricing of residential mortgage products (in particular its substandard risk pricing has been seen as one of major causes of the global financial crisis (GFC and subsequent spectacular banking collapses. The underlying theme of the paper is to exhibit how contemporary lenders, in practice, price their residential mortgage products. While discussing elements of the pricing calculation particular attention was given to the exposition of how contemporary lenders price risks involved in providing home loans. Because of the importance of Basel capital accords to how financial institutions assess and quantify their risks, the paper provides an overview of Basel capital accords. The author envisages that the paper will (i help enhance comprehension of the underlying elements of the pricing calculation and the ways in which these elements relate to each other, (ii scrutinize how contemporary lenders identify and quantify risks and (iii improve consciousness of future changes in interest rates

Advances in automated valuation modeling AVM after the non-agency mortgage crisis

CERN Document Server

Kauko, Tom

2017-01-01

This book addresses several problems related to automated valuation methodologies (AVM). Following the non-agency mortgage crisis, it offers a variety of approaches to improve the efficiency and quality of an automated valuation methodology (AVM) dealing with emerging problems and different contexts. Spatial issue, evolution of AVM standards, multilevel models, fuzzy and rough set applications and quantitative methods to define comparables are just some of the topics discussed.

7 CFR 3016.26 - Non-Federal audit.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... fiscal year, shall: (1) Determine whether State or local subgrantees have met the audit requirements of... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Non-Federal audit. 3016.26 Section 3016.26... AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Post-Award Requirements Financial Administration § 3016.26 Non-Federal audit. (a...

Agricultural Finance Statistics, 1960-83

OpenAIRE

Amols, George; Kaiser, Wilson

1984-01-01

This bulletin presents farm financial statistics, including outstanding farm 4ebt by State and lender and average interest rates for agricultural loans charged by selected lenders for 1960-83. Farm debt includes both real estate and nonrea1 estate debt. Lenders include Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), Federal land banks, production credit associations, Federal intermediate credit banks, commercial banks, life insurance companies, Farmers Home Administration, and individuals and others.

12 CFR 1777.1 - Authority, purpose, scope, and implementation dates.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

....S.C. 4514), section 307(c) of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Act (12 U.S.C. 1456(c... U.S.C. 4611 through 4623), section 303(b)(2) of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Act (12 U... Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act (1992 Act) (12 U.S.C. 4513, 4631, 4632, and 4636...

76 FR 29083 - Agriculture Priorities and Allocations System

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-19

... Vol. 76 Thursday, No. 97 May 19, 2011 Part III Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency 7 CFR Part 789 Agriculture Priorities and Allocations System; Proposed Rule #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 76 , No. 97 / Thursday, May 19, 2011 / Proposed Rules#0;#0; [[Page 29084

26 CFR 1.163-11T - Allocation of certain prepaid qualified mortgage insurance premiums (temporary).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... insurance premiums (temporary). 1.163-11T Section 1.163-11T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... insurance premiums (temporary). (a) Allocation—(1) In general. As provided in section 163(h)(3)(E), premiums... section applies whether the qualified mortgage insurance premiums are paid in cash or are financed...

77 FR 21880 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA): Multifamily Accelerated Processing-Enhancing and...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-12

... applications for FHA multifamily mortgage insurance, which generally involve the refinance, purchase, new... to date through direct instructions to FHA-approved lenders under a MAP Guide. Given its experience... mortgage insurance programs. Based on HUD's experience to date with MAP, this proposed rule strives not...

7 CFR 1710.126 - Federal debt delinquency.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Federal debt delinquency. 1710.126 Section 1710.126... and Basic Policies § 1710.126 Federal debt delinquency. (a) Prior to approval of a loan or advance of... reasons for the delinquency must be explained, and RUS will take such explanation into consideration in...

24 CFR 206.131 - Contract rights and obligations for mortgages on individual dwelling units in a condominium.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Contract rights and obligations for... MORTGAGE INSURANCE Contract Rights and Obligations Condominiums § 206.131 Contract rights and obligations...] Termination of Insurance Contract ...

Journal of Agricultural Extension Vol.17 (2) December, 2013 ISSN ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ONIKOYI

Federal College of Education Technical, Bichi, Kano State ... promises the creation of over 3.5 million jobs to young people and women across the country .... adopted to give the youth a chance to air their views, share their experiences on agriculture .... Delta Central Agricultural Zone: Challenges to agricultural extension ...

Journal of Agriculture and Social Research (JASR) Vol. 11, No. 2 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

fadaa

Department of Agricultural Extension & Rural Development, University of Ilorin. 2 ... important staple food of many households, rice production in Nigeria rose from 2.4 million ... attributed to low resource productivity (Federal Ministry of Agriculture, 1995). ... (NACRDB) to carter for credit needs in the agricultural sector.

76 FR 33700 - Agricultural Policy Advisory Committee for Trade; Renewal

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-09

...Pursuant to the Federal Advisory Committee Act, notice is hereby given that the Secretary of Agriculture (Secretary), in coordination with the United States Trade Representative (USTR), has renewed the Agricultural Policy Advisory Committee for Trade (APAC).

Protecting agriculture against nuclear radiations: conception and measures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lehmann Hans-Joerg

1997-01-01

In case of atomic and chemical (AC) accident or attacks the agriculture is severely affected. This became clearly after the Chernobyl disaster, after which the authorities mobilized and increased the efforts to protect the agriculture. In Switzerland the Federal Commission for AC protection has undertaken the necessary actions in collaboration with the Federal Office for Agriculture. The protection of agriculture against radioactive fallout has many aspects. One of these concerns the requirement of informing farmers with all the necessary instruction to ensure the protection of rural population and animals, foods and forages, to make them able to take essential protection measures without exterior assistance, and to provide the agriculture buildings with simple and durable tools necessary in case of emergency intervention. To implement these requirements on Confederation level educational programs were developed to instruct agriculture agents and advisors on basic notions of radioactivity and radiation protection. These programs are thought to make the farmer aware with the implications of nuclear chemical and nuclear menace and the measures of protecting its enterprise by own means. Special instructions are to be applied by the enterprise chiefs to ensure first that the personnel protection is the top priority and then how to minimize and limit the damage produced by the radiation accident

Geography of opportunity and residential mortgage foreclosure: A spatial analysis of a U.S. housing market

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yanmei LI

2011-12-01

Full Text Available South Florida has been among the top foreclosure markets in the United States, but little research has explored whether this market presents different dynamics compared to other metropolitan areas. This research chooses Broward County to explore whether socioeconomic characteristics and certain public policy instruments relate to subprime lending and mortgage foreclosure patterns. Results indicate areas bounded by linear highways and railroads have a concentration of low-income black population and subprime loans. The spatial distribution of subprime loans is mostly explained by a higher percentage of minority and/or Hispanic population in a neighborhood. Yet, racial minorities, instead of Hispanic origin, contributes mostly to the concentration of subprime loans. The spatial pattern of foreclosures is more complex, determined not only by subprime loans but also possibly other factors associated with the mortgage crisis. This suggests that disadvantaged neighborhoods are disproportionally lacking favorable opportunities due to institutional and sub- cultural forces shaping the geography of subprime and foreclosure.

Site characterization techniques used in restoration of agricultural areas on the territory of the Russian Federation contaminated after the accident at the Chernobyl NPP

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fesenko, S.V.; Alexakhin, R.M.; Sanzharova, N.I.

2000-01-01

The experience gained in the aftermath after the heavy radiation accidents shows the need for improvement in site characterisation techniques and methodology in order to provide a link between site characterisation and the selection of restoration strategies. This paper gives an overview of the site characterisation techniques used in restoration of contaminated agricultural lands on the territory of the Russian Federation. The approach used for site characterisation and selection of restoration strategies is described. The main site specific factors influencing the choice of restoration options are identified. Data on the efficiency of major restoration measures used for the remediation of agricultural lands after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and the Kyshtym accidents are given. A description of the decision support system FORCON, designed to simplify the selection of restoration options, is presented. (author)

7 CFR 501.14 - Non-Federal law enforcement.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Non-Federal law enforcement. 501.14 Section 501.14...-Federal law enforcement. Research Center special policemen may be deputized by State or local law... State or local law enforcement agency, the facilities or services of such State or local law enforcement...

An Analysis of the Neighborhood Impacts of a Mortgage Assistance Program: A Spatial Hedonic Model

Science.gov (United States)

Di, Wenhua; Ma, Jielai; Murdoch, James C.

2010-01-01

Down payment or closing cost assistance is an effective program in addressing the wealth constraints of low-and moderate-income homebuyers. However, the spillover effect of such programs on the neighborhood is unknown. This paper estimates the impact of the City of Dallas Mortgage Assistance Program (MAP) on nearby home values using a hedonic…

UJI INTEGRASI DAN CONTAGION EFFECT PASAR MODAL PADA LIMA NEGARA ASEAN (RISET EMPIRIS PASCA TERJADINYA KRISIS SUBPRIME MORTGAGE DAN KRISIS YUNANI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tarsisius Renald Suganda

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Financial market comovement in ASEAN main member countries is still attractive to scrunitized, because this area is vulnerable to the impact on a global economic event. This study examined capital market integration of five ASEAN main members (Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand by using September 2008—30 April 2013 data period. This period will divided into the post 2008 Subprime Mortgage crisis period and the post 2010 Greece crisis period. Vector Autoregressive (VAR was used to test the comovement occurance among these capital markets and Granger Causality Test was used to analyze the contagion effect among these capital markets. The finding shows that the comovement was occurred among Indonesia, Malay-sia, Singapore and Thailand’s capital market during September 2008 to 30 April 2013 period. The comovement was still occured after 2008 Subpime Mortgage crisis period and 2010 Greece crisis period, although there is country namely Philippines which did not have the comovement at all against the other countries. Further-more, the finding shows that Indonesia capital market gives contagion effect to other ASEAN countries after 2008 Subprime Mortgage crisis and Greece financial crisis.

7 CFR 4285.93 - Other Federal statutes and regulations that apply.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

...—National Agricultural, Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act Amendments of 1981 if the project involves a college or university; (e) 7 CFR Part 3015—USDA Uniform Federal Assistance Regulations... Federal-State Research on Cooperatives Program § 4285.93 Other Federal statutes and regulations that apply...

Institutional capacity for designing and implementing agricultural and rural development policies and strategies in Nigeria:

OpenAIRE

Adebayo, Kolawole; Babu, Suresh Chandra; Rhoe, Valerie

2009-01-01

This study assessed the capacity for designing and implementing agricultural and rural development policies, strategies, and programs in Nigeria. Data for this study were derived from initial consultations at the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (FMAWR), Federal Ministry of Women affairs and Social Development (FMWASD), and the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) early in 2008. Two consultation workshops were also held, one for relevant staff in the ministries, parastat...

Pilot States Program report: Home energy ratings systems and energy-efficient mortgages

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Farhar, B.

2000-04-04

This report covers the accomplishments of the home energy ratings systems/energy-efficient mortgages (HERS/EEMs) pilot states from 1993 through 1998, including such indicators as funding, ratings and EEMs achieved, active raters, and training and marketing activities. A brief description of each HERS program's evolution is included, as well as their directors' views of the programs' future prospects. Finally, an analysis is provided of successful HERS program characteristics and factors that appear to contribute to HERS program success.

Awareness and use of the Essential Electronic Agricultural Library ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The study investigated the extent of awareness and use of The Essential Electronic Agricultural Library (TEEAL) resources by faculty members of Federal University, Kashere and Federal College of Education (Technical) Gombe. A survey design was adopted for the study. The questionnaire was used as data collection ...

The World of Organic Agriculture - Statistics and Emerging Trends 2004

OpenAIRE

Willer, Helga; Yussefi, Minou

2004-01-01

In 1999, BioFach/Oekowelt GmbH commissioned Foundation Ecology & Agriculture SOEL to compile statistical data and general information on organic agriculture world-wide. Since then this study has been revised annually, and the newest figures are regularly presented at Biofach, which takes place in Nuremberg, Germany, every year. Since the 2003 edition the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL and the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) have collaborated i...

Transposition of the Mortgage Credit Directive into Hungarian and Czech law – The Problem of Credit Intermediaries

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Simon, Rita

2017-01-01

Roč. 6, č. 3 (2017), s. 106-112 ISSN 2364-4710 Institutional support: RVO:68378122 Keywords : mortgage credit directive * consumer protection * credit intermediaries Subject RIV: AG - Legal Sciences OBOR OECD: Law https://www.kluwerlawonline.com/abstract.php?area=Journals&id=EuCML2017025

What matters 2010. Annual report of the Federal Environment Agency

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2010-04-27

The annual report under consideration of the Federal Environment Agency (Dessau-Rosslau, Federal Republic of Germany) reports on the following themes: (1) Future mobility - Today's best investment; (2) Environmental protection - A barrier to investment for agriculture ?; (3) Emissions trading - The engine of climate policy ?; (4) The Federal Environment Agency (Departmental research, credo, organisation, data and facts, publications).

78 FR 44580 - Mortgage and Loan Insurance Programs Under the National Housing Act-Debenture Interest Rates

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-24

... Programs Under the National Housing Act--Debenture Interest Rates AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... in the interest rates to be paid on debentures issued with respect to a loan or mortgage insured by... interest rate for debentures issued under section 221(g)(4) of the Act during the 6-month period beginning...

75 FR 41510 - Mortgage and Loan Insurance Programs Under the National Housing Act-Debenture Interest Rates

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-16

... Programs Under the National Housing Act--Debenture Interest Rates AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... in the interest rates to be paid on debentures issued with respect to a loan or mortgage insured by...). The interest rate for debentures issued under section 221(g)(4) of the Act during the 6-month period...

78 FR 4427 - Mortgage and Loan Insurance Programs Under the National Housing Act-Debenture Interest Rates

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-22

... Programs Under the National Housing Act--Debenture Interest Rates AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... in the interest rates to be paid on debentures issued with respect to a loan or mortgage insured by... interest rate for debentures issued under section 221(g)(4) of the Act during the 6-month period beginning...

75 FR 5339 - Mortgage and Loan Insurance Programs Under the National Housing Act-Debenture Interest Rates

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-02

... Programs Under the National Housing Act--Debenture Interest Rates AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... in the interest rates to be paid on debentures issued with respect to a loan or mortgage insured by... interest rate for debentures issued under section 221(g)(4) of the Act during the 6-month period beginning...

77 FR 4359 - Mortgage and Loan Insurance Programs Under the National Housing Act-Debenture Interest Rates

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-27

... Programs Under the National Housing Act--Debenture Interest Rates AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... in the interest rates to be paid on debentures issued with respect to a loan or mortgage insured by...). The interest rate for debentures issued under section 221(g)(4) of the Act during the 6-month period...

76 FR 4127 - Mortgage and Loan Insurance Programs Under the National Housing Act-Debenture Interest Rates

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-24

... Programs Under the National Housing Act--Debenture Interest Rates AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... in the interest rates to be paid on debentures issued with respect to a loan or mortgage insured by... interest rate for debentures issued under section 221(g)(4) of the Act during the 6-month period beginning...

76 FR 47225 - Mortgage and Loan Insurance Programs Under the National Housing Act-Debenture Interest Rates

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-04

... Programs Under the National Housing Act--Debenture Interest Rates AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... in the interest rates to be paid on debentures issued with respect to a loan or mortgage insured by... interest rate for debentures issued under section 221(g)(4) of the Act during the 6-month period beginning...

77 FR 42754 - Mortgage and Loan Insurance Programs Under the National Housing Act-Debenture Interest Rates

Science.gov (United States)

2012-07-20

... Programs Under the National Housing Act--Debenture Interest Rates AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... in the interest rates to be paid on debentures issued with respect to a loan or mortgage insured by... interest rate for debentures issued under section 221(g)(4) of the Act during the 6-month period beginning...

Forest landowners’ guide to the Federal income tax

Science.gov (United States)

John L. Greene; William C. Siegel; William L. Hoover; Mark Koontz

2013-01-01

This guide updates and supersedes Agriculture Handbook No. 718, Forest Landowners’ Guide to the Federal Income Tax, incorporating new tax legislation that was passed and administrative changes promulgated through September 30, 2012. It introduces tax planning and basic tax considerations and explains the Federal income tax as it pertains to timber and forest land,...

Attitude Of Students Of Federal University Of Technology Owerri ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The paper analyzed the attitude of students of federal university of technology Owerri towards a career in Agriculture with a view to understanding the effect on future manpower needs for Nigeria Agricultural Development. Fifty final year student were randomly selected from the five departments in the school of Agric and ...

Local Authority Residential Mortgage Credit: A Source of Non-Market Sub-Prime Homeloans for Low-Income households

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dermot Coates

2008-01-01

Full Text Available As the volume of mortgage credit has risen in tandem with house price inflation, the sub-prime homeloan sector of this market has begun to expand in order to meet demand from those not serviced by the mainstream financial service providers. This article examines the role of local authorities in providing residential mortgages and assesses whether those who have traditionally borrowed from non-market (or public sector lenders would be considered to be sub-prime borrowers by the private sector. It concludes that, in view of the relatively low average incomes of this cohort of borrowers, they represent a higher probability of homeloan default and as a consequence, would be subject to a higher cost of credit in the private sector. However, this paper highlights the favourable terms offered by local authorities and argues that their failure to price according to the risk profile of borrowers exposes the Exchequer to higher – and often unquantified – costs in pursuit of promoting home-ownership.

Long range dependency and forecasting of housing price index and mortgage market rate: evidence of subprime crisis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nadhem Selmi

2015-05-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we examine and forecast the House Price Index (HPI and mortgage market rate in terms of the description of the subprime crisis. We use a semi-parametric local polynomial Whittle estimator proposed by Shimotsu et al. (2005 [Shimotsu, K., & Phillips, P.C.B. (2005, Exact local Whittle estimation of fractional integration. The Annals of Statistics, 33(4, 1890-1933.] in a long memory parameter time series. Empirical investigation of HPI and mortgage market rate shows that these variables are more persistent when the d estimates are found on the Shimotsu method than on the one of Künsch (1987 [Künsch, H.R. (1987. Statistical aspects of self-similar processes. In Y. Prokhorov and V.V. Sazanov (eds., Proceedings of the First World Congress of the Bernoulli Society, VNU Science Press, Utrecht, 67-74.]. The estimating forecast values are more realistic and they strongly reflect the present US economy actuality in the two series as indicated by the forecast evaluation topics.

Current Situation of Household Income as a Factor, Having Impact on Mortgage Lending in Mongolia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Khuselchimeg Batbileg

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Amount of household income is the most important factor for housing loan. The article studies mortgage lending in Ulaanbaatar in 2007–2009, the factor, having great impact on the current economy of Mongolia, carries out the comparative analysis of capital’s medium and low income households and presents methods, which will help to solve these problems.

Race, gender, and statistical representation: predatory mortgage lending and the US community reinvestment movement

OpenAIRE

Elvin K Wyly; Mona Atia; Elizabeth Lee; Pablo Mendez

2007-01-01

American mortgage markets, once arenas of discrimination by exclusion, now operate as venues of segmentation and discrimination by inclusion: credit is widely available, but its terms vary enormously. One market segment involves sophisticated predatory practices in which certain groups of borrowers are targeted for high-cost credit that strips out home equity and worsens the risks of delinquency, default, and foreclosure. Unfortunately, it has become more difficult to measure inequalities of ...

12 CFR Appendix K to Part 226 - Total Annual Loan Cost Rate Computations for Reverse Mortgage Transactions

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... Appendix K to Part 226—Total Annual Loan Cost Rate Computations for Reverse Mortgage Transactions (a... loan cost rate for various transactions, as well as instructions, explanations, and examples for.... (2) Term of the transaction. For purposes of total annual loan cost disclosures, the term of a...

44 CFR 351.26 - The United States Department of Agriculture.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false The United States Department of Agriculture. 351.26 Section 351.26 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY... PREPAREDNESS Interagency Assignments § 351.26 The United States Department of Agriculture. (a) Assist FEMA in...

Improving Federal Response to Drought.

Science.gov (United States)

Wilhite, Donald A.; Rosenberg, Norman J.; Glantz, Michael H.

1986-03-01

Severe and widespread drought occurred over a large portion of the United States between 1974 and 1977. Impacts on agriculture and other industries, as well as local water supplies, were substantial. The federal government responded with forty assistance programs administered by sixteen federal agencies. Assistance was provided primarily in the form of loans and grants to people, businesses and governments experiencing hardship caused by drought. The total cost of the program is estimated at $7-8 billion.Federal response to the mid-1970s drought was largely untimely, ineffective and poorly coordinated. Four recommendations are offered that, if implemented, would improve future drought assessment and response efforts: 1) reliable and timely informational products and dissemination plans; 2) improved impact assessment techniques, especially in the agricultural sector, for use by government to identify periods of enhanced risk and to trigger assistance measures; 3) administratively centralized drought declaration procedures that are well publicized and consistently applied; and 4) standby assistance measures that encourage appropriate levels of risk management by producers and that are equitable, consistent and predictable. The development of a national drought plan that incorporates these four items is recommended. Atmospheric scientists have an important role to play in the collection and interpretation of near-real time weather data for use by government decision makers.

12 CFR 232.4 - Specific exceptions for obtaining and using medical information.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... organization works through mortgage lenders and requires mortgage lenders to obtain medical information about... determines that it needs additional information regarding the consumer's circumstances, the creditor may... medical information. 232.4 Section 232.4 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF...

Miraculous financial engineering or toxic finance? The genesis of the U.S. subprime mortgage loans crisis and its consequences on the global financial markets and real economy

OpenAIRE

Ivo Pezzuto

2012-01-01

In the fall of 2008, the U.S. subprime mortgage loans defaults have turned into Wall Street’s biggest crisis since the Great Depression. As hundreds of billions in mortgage-related investments went bad, banks became suspicious of one another’s potential undisclosed credit losses and preferred to reduce their exposure in the interbank markets, thus causing interbank interest rates and credit default swaps increases, a liquidity shortage problem and a worsened credit crunch condition to consume...

7 CFR 1718.50 - Definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 1718.50 Section 1718.50 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOAN SECURITY DOCUMENTS FOR ELECTRIC BORROWERS Mortgage for Distribution Borrowers § 1718.50...

78 FR 6407 - Ability-to-Repay and Qualified Mortgage Standards Under the Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z)

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-30

..., and child support; (7) the monthly debt-to-income ratio or residual income; and (8) credit history... concerns were heightened as mortgage delinquencies and foreclosure rates increased dramatically, caused in... to repay.\\6\\ Subprime products were sold primarily to consumers with poor or no credit history...

76 FR 48797 - Notice of the Advisory Committee on Biotechnology and 21st Century Agriculture Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-09

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Agricultural Research Service Notice of the Advisory Committee on Biotechnology and 21st Century Agriculture Meeting AGENCY: Office of the Under Secretary, Research, Education... the Federal Advisory Committee Act, 5 U.S.C. App., the United States Department of Agriculture...

Risks of Mortgage Loans in the Czech Republic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaroslav Tichý

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Indebtedness through mortgage loans is dominant of household debt in the Czech Republic. The gradual increase in the household debt level may also entail increasing credit risk assumed by banks in connection with their credit exposure to this sector. The objective of the paper is to verify the risk and identify factors that affect the credit risk development in the Czech Republic. We look for correlation between the risk development and the interest rate development. Furthermore, we verify links between the risk and the development of real estate collateral value. The paper does confirm that there are real risks associated with the potential increase in interest rates. No significant risks have been confirmed with regard to the current development of the residential property value. The paper also strives to provide an identification and verification of risks stemming from individual banks’ internal processes. It features a detailed analysis of the internal factors (aspects comprising revenue, competition, as well as distribution.

Thoughts on Governance and Future Orientation of Agricultural ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dr.fenta

of competence through its publications and information system. ... At present, only the federal public research represented by EIAR, agricultural universities ... not encourage private sector to enter into technology multiplication and marketing. A.

77 FR 11064 - Notice of the Advisory Committee on Biotechnology and 21st Century Agriculture Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-24

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Agricultural Research Service Notice of the Advisory Committee on Biotechnology and 21st Century Agriculture Meeting AGENCY: Office of the Under Secretary, Research, Education... with the Federal Advisory Committee Act, 5 U.S.C. App. 2, the United States Department of Agriculture...

ANALISIS FLUKTUASI DOLLAR AMERIKA SERIKAT TERHADAP RUPIAH DI SAAT DAN SETELAH KRISIS SUBPRIME MORTGAGE 2007 - 2013

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustiyan Taufik Mahardika

2015-10-01

Full Text Available In a floating system, exchange rates fluctuate due to macroeconomic conditions that occur. Due to the uncertainty caused by economic shocks or financial crises such as subprime mortgage crisis, fluctuation analysis can be used to minimize the risks that arise in business that involve exchange rates such as export/import or hedge funds. This study aims to analyze the fluctuations in the exchange rate during and after the subprime mortgage crisis 2007 – 2013 in order to give a better understanding on the dynamics of the exchange rate. By analyzing the dynamics, individuals or companies that make the currency as a component in its business can then decide the right policy to implement. Analyses were performed using an error correction model (ECM for nominal (NER and real exchange rate (RER. The variables that are proven significant for NER are money supply (JUB, current account (CAB, economic growth (EGROW, and the nominal central bank rate (NBIRATE. The dummy crisis variable did not have a significant effect on the NER, while the CAB affect NER in the short run only, and EGROW affect NER in the long run only.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v3i2.2060

78 FR 35429 - Ability-to-Repay and Qualified Mortgage Standards Under the Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z)

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-12

... other evidence of repayment ability.\\3\\ \\2\\ Inside Mortg. Fin., The 2011 Mortgage Market Statistical..., refinancing became more difficult and delinquency rates on subprime and Alt-A products increased dramatically... peaked at 2.5 percent in late 2007.\\5\\ As the economy worsened, the rates of serious delinquency (90 or...

7 CFR 1718.53 - Rights of other mortgagees.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Rights of other mortgagees. 1718.53 Section 1718.53 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOAN SECURITY DOCUMENTS FOR ELECTRIC BORROWERS Mortgage for Distribution Borrowers § 1718.53...

THE BANKING SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: STATUS AND PROSPECTS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. N. Sotnikova

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The features and current trends in the development of the banking system of the Russian Federation are highlighted in the article. The authors propose an original method of evaluation of activities of credit organizations with the use of statistical data and rating agencies. The concept of the banking system is summarized in this article. Also its structure is analyzed by the number of credit institutions and the quality of their operations. The authors identifie differences between the concepts of banking service, banking operation and banking product and propose classification according to different characteristics of banking institutions and operations that they carry out. Then the authors go to estimating the volume of banking services in Russia and their patterns in total. Separately the main passive (deposits and loans and active operations (lending to legal entities and individuals are characterized. The authors identifie the major developments in the banking system of the Russian Federation in 2014 due to political and economic sanctions by the U.S. and Eurozone countries. The article provides a vision of the authors on the further development of the banking activity in Russia and proposes specific measures to adapt the banking system of the Russian Federation in a constantly changing political and economic conditions (financial sanctions, a change of key Central Bank rates, devaluation, etc.. According to the authors' opinion the expected prospects of development of the banking system of the Russian Federation to 2015 are: the growth in savings accounts in banks; sanctions will be of a personal nature and will not affect the largest credit institutions; the active growth of the corporate loan portfolio will continue; the growth of retail lending portfolio will continue to slow; mortgage lending will increase in the total loan portfolio of the banking sector of Russia.

78 FR 23885 - Federal Seed Act Program; Request for Extension and Revision of a Currently Approved Information...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-23

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Agricultural Marketing Service [Doc. No. AMS-LS-13-0008] Federal Seed...: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA. ACTION: Request for comments. SUMMARY: In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. Chapter 35), this document announces the Agricultural Marketing Service's...

Federal Interagency Geothermal Activities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anderson, Arlene [Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Washington, DC (United States); Prencipe, Loretta [Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Washington, DC (United States); Todaro, Richard M. [Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Washington, DC (United States); Cuyler, David [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Eide, Elizabeth [Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Washington, DC (United States)

2011-06-01

This collaborative document describes the roles and responsibilities of key Federal agencies in the development of geothermal technologies including the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), including the U.S. Forest Service; the U.S. Department of Interior (DOI), including the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and Bureau of Land Management (BLM); the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); and the Department of Defense (DOD).

Journal of Agricultural Extension http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v18i2 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

PROF. MADUKWE

Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Extension Technology,. Federal ..... demonstration will go along well to equip farmers with production and management skills. 3. ... Elements of Agricultural Extension Administration: Bounty. Press Ltd.

AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS IN POLAND – AN ATTEMPT TOWARDS A TYPOLOGY*

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ruta Śpiewak

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Agricultural organizations play an important role in political decision-making at the local, national, and EU levels. However, it is diffi cult to estimate to what extent the size of public transfers to the Polish countryside is a direct eff ect of these organizations’ activity. The same question applies to farming privileges, which are much more numerous than those for other social groups in rural areas. One of the reasons for this stems from the fact that agricultural organizations in Poland have rarely been examined. The aim of this article is therefore to obtain a structured picture of agricultural organizations in Poland and to search for relations between their legal forms and statutory goals. The main types distinguished here include farmers’ trade unions, employers’ organizations, agribusiness organizations (agribusiness federations and unions, and associations. Taking into consideration the number of members and the thrust of activities, including impact on agricultural policy, the most important agricultural organizations in Poland seem to be the trade unions and agribusiness organizations. The substantive diff erence between them lies in their stated goals. Trade unions primarily indicate goals of a social nature. Federations of agribusiness organizations strive to support their members and promote policy changes, while agribusiness organizations work for the development of specialized farms.

Bank loan portfolios and the Canadian monetary transmission mechanism

NARCIS (Netherlands)

den Haan, W.J.; Sumner, S.W.; Yamashiro, G.M.

2009-01-01

Following a monetary tightening, bank loans to consumers decrease. This is true for both mortgage and non-mortgage loans, and it is true for a tightening by the Bank of Canada that is, and is not, a response to a tightening by the Federal Reserve System. In contrast, business loans increase

From Tulip Bulbs to Sub-Prime Mortgages Examining the Sub-Prime Crisis: The Case for a Systemic Approach

Science.gov (United States)

Stephens, Alan A.; Atwater, J. Brian; Kannan, Vijay R.

2013-01-01

Purpose: The collapse of the sub-prime mortgage market parallels several earlier failures within the financial services sector, begging the question why the lessons of past failures were not learned. Throughout history from the tulip bulb crisis of the 1600s to the most recent economic crisis, decision-makers keep making the same mistakes. This…

Did the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 Affect Farmland Values?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Charles B. Moss

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Farmland values are affected by numerous factors, including farm policy, shifts in demand for agricultural output both foreign and domestic, monetary policy and urban pressure. In this study we use an information measure to examine whether the shift toward a more market-oriented policy in 1996 changed the relationship between farmland values and government payments. The results indicated that the shift in agricultural policy resulted in significant shift in this relationship.

7 CFR Appendix to Subpart A of... - List of Federal Financial Assistance From USDA

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1281 et seq.). 7. Human Nutrition 7 CFR 3015.205(b); Department of... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false List of Federal Financial Assistance From USDA Appendix to Subpart A of Part 15 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture NONDISCRIMINATION...

77 FR 47641 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-09

... Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or the Federal Home Loan Banks (individually ``regulated entity..., and time of the electronic mail; user access to FHFA office automation networks, including wireless...

76 FR 33700 - Board for International Food and Agricultural Development; Notice of Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-09

... Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University. Board members with continuing service include Elsa Murano... International Food and Agricultural Development; Notice of Meeting Pursuant to the Federal Advisory Committee Act, notice is hereby given of the public meeting of the Board for International Food and Agricultural...

Agricultural information systems and communication networks: the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The study examined the Agricultural Information and communication networks among poultry farmers in three (3) area councils of the Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria. Snow-ball sampling technique was adopted for the study, a total of One hundred and twenty-two (122) respondents were sampled for the study.

FOOD SECURITY PROBLEMS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natalia Polyanskaya

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The article describes the concepts and factors of food security and food sovereignty of the Russian Federation. The composition of the consumer basket, the most significant of its components, and based on threshold values of self-sufficiency is calculated in the dynamics of the prevalence of food independence. The groups of products, which are in the country to be at a level below the thresholds, regulated by the food security doctrine of the Russian Federation. Identified the possible General trend of development of agricultural production in the country.

19 CFR 12.16 - Joint regulations of the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Agriculture.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... and the Secretary of Agriculture. 12.16 Section 12.16 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER... of Agriculture. (a) The importation into the United States of agricultural and vegetable seeds and... and the Secretary of Agriculture under section 402(b) of the Federal Seed Act of August 9, 1939 (7 CFR...

Federal Reserve System Semiannual Regulatory Agenda

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-26

.... DATES: Comments about the form or content of the agenda may be submitted any time during the next 6... prohibit certain payments to mortgage brokers and loan officers that are based on the loan's terms and... compensation received. New rules regarding eligibility restrictions and disclosures for credit insurance and...

24 CFR 27.40 - Disposition of sale proceeds.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... Multifamily Mortgages § 27.40 Disposition of sale proceeds. (a) The priority of the Secretary's lien shall be determined by the Federal first-in-time first-in-right rule. State laws affording priority to liens recorded after the mortgage are preempted. (b) If there is more than one party holding a lien or assessment...

Agricultural problems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bickerton, George E.

1997-01-01

Although there were not reasons to deplore against major activity release from any of the 110 industrial reactors authorized to operate in US, the nuclear incident that occurred at the Three Mile Island Plant in 1979 urged the public conscience toward the necessity of readiness to cope with events of this type. The personnel of the Emergency Planning Office functioning in the frame of US Department of Agriculture has already participated in around 600 intervention drillings on a federal, local or state scale to plan, test or asses radiological emergency plans or to intervene locally. These exercises allowed acquiring a significant experience in elaborating emergency plans, planning the drillings, working out scenarios and evaluation of the potential impact of accidents from the agricultural point of view. We have also taken part in different international drillings among which the most recent are INEX 1 and RADEX 94. We have found on these occasions that the agricultural problems are essential preoccupations in most of the cases no matter if the context is international, national, local or of state level. The paper poses problems specifically related to milk, fruits and vegetables, soils, meat and meat products. Finally the paper discusses issues like drilling planning, alarm and notification, sampling strategy, access authorizations for farmers, removing of contamination wastes. A number of social, political and economical relating problems are also mentioned

IRM in the Federal Government: Opinions and Reflections.

Science.gov (United States)

Haney, Glenn P.

1989-01-01

Evaluates various aspects of federal information resources management and reviews technological changes within the Department of Agriculture to illustrate current issues and future trends in information resources management. Topics discussed include telecommunications and networking; distributed processing and field office automation; the role of…

2008 Emlak Krizinin İller Bazında Etkileri(The Effects of 2008 Subprime Mortgage Crisis On The Cities

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Burhan KABADAYI

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of the study is to examine the effects of 2008 Mortgage Crisis started at USA on the cities of Turkey. The effects of the crisis were analyzed by current bank credit per capita and external trade structure. As a consequence, relatively less developed cities were affected by crisis less than developed cities of Turkey.

7 CFR 1735.62 - Approval of acquisitions and mergers.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Approval of acquisitions and mergers. 1735.62 Section 1735.62 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE... Mortgage Controls on Acquisitions and Mergers § 1735.62 Approval of acquisitions and mergers. (a) If a...

Monitoring the impacts of weather and climate extremes on global agricultural production

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robert Johansson

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The World Agricultural Outlook Board (WAOB, under the direction of the Department of Agriculture's Office of the Chief Economist, employs a staff of agricultural meteorologists whose mission is to monitor and assess the impacts of weather and climate on crops in key growing areas throughout the world. The results of those analyses contribute to the deliberations conducted by the Interagency Commodity Estimates Committees (ICEC led by analysts at the World Agricultural Outlook Board. The results of those deliberations can be found in the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE report, one of the designated Principle Federal Economic Indicators issued monthly by the Federal Government (White House (Office of Management and Budget, 2015. The process used to develop those estimates each month requires the integration of an assessment of the current climatic conditions with knowledge of the agricultural practices and market conditions of a particular country. Weather and climate data are used in conjunction with information on when and where crops are planted, production practices including irrigation, which varieties are best suited for that particular climate, and what naturally occurring hazards can be expected in any given year. Being able to closely compare current conditions to historic observations of weather and realized output on a fine scale, temporally and geographically, is a key component of the international estimates in the WASDE process.

29 CFR 501.7 - Cooperation with Federal officials.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Cooperation with Federal officials. 501.7 Section 501.7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS ENFORCEMENT OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS FOR TEMPORARY ALIEN AGRICULTURAL WORKERS ADMITTED UNDER SECTION 218 OF...

7 CFR 2.44 - Administrator, Risk Management Agency and Manager, Federal Crop Insurance Corporation.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Administrator, Risk Management Agency and Manager... Secretary for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services to the Administrator, Risk Management Agency, and... for the transaction of the business of the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation and the Risk Management...

76 FR 3193 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-19

... Mortgage Association Charter Act (12 U.S.C. 1719(g)) and Section 306(l) of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Act (12 U.S.C. 1455(l), as amended by the Housing and Economic Recovery Act (HERA) of 2008 (Pub. L... OMB for review and clearance under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13. Copies of...

76 FR 17751 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-30

... Mortgage Association Charter Act (12 U.S.C. 1719(g)) and Section 306(l) of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Act (12 U.S.C. 1455(l), as amended by the Housing and Economic Recovery Act (HERA) of 2008 (Pub. L... and clearance under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 on or after the date of...

26 CFR 1.6050H-1T - Information reporting of mortgage interest received in a trade or business from individuals after...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... commercial loan because the proceeds were used to finance the payor's trade or business, the obligation is... is a mortgage shall be made without regard to the interest recipient's classification of that... classifies the obligation as a commercial loan because the proceeds are to be used to finance the payor's...

Journal of Agriculture and Social Research (JASR) Vol. 16, No. 2 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dr. O. M. Adesope

Department of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Technology, Owerri. 2. Department of ... levels of the small scale food crop farmers. Keywords: Savings .... collected from literatures such as textbooks, Journals, research reports etc.

12 CFR 614.4030 - Federal land credit associations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

..., amount, loan security, and stock or participation certificate requirements of the originating institution... Section 614.4030 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM LOAN POLICIES AND... estate mortgage loans with maturities of not less than 5 years nor more than 40 years and continuing...

Endangered Species and Irrigated Agriculture, Water Resource Competition in Western River Systems

OpenAIRE

United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service

1995-01-01

This report characterizes several aspects of water allocation tradeoffs between fish species listed under the Federal Endangered Species Act and agriculture in the American West. The geographic intersection between endangered/threatened (E/T) fish and agricultural production reliant on surface water for irrigation is identified. Three findings are: (1) 235 counties, representing 22 percent of the West's counties, contain irrigated production that relies on water from rivers with E/T fish, ...

"Left High and Dry": Federal Land Policies and Pima Agriculture, 1860-1910

Science.gov (United States)

Dejong, David H.

2009-01-01

The Akimel O'odham, or "River People" (Pima), have lived in the middle Gila River Valley for centuries, irrigating and cultivating the same land as their Huhugam ancestors did for millennia. Continuing their irrigated agricultural economy bequeathed to them by their Huhugam ancestors, the Pima leveraged a favorable geopolitical setting into a…

Forest Landowners' Guide to the Federal Income Tax

Science.gov (United States)

Harry L. Haney; William L. Hoover; William C. Siegel; John L. Greene

2001-01-01

This publication is the latest in a series of income tax handbooks for nonindustrial private forest owners that extends back over 45 years. It represents a major revision of Agriculture Handbook No. 708, Forest Owners' Guide to the Federal Income Tax. It updates that publication to include tax legislation passed after 1994 and administrative changes promulgated...

Gamma-ray and electrical resistivity measurements in soil with application of carbonatite and agricultural fertilizers in Distrito Federal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nascimento, Carlos Tadeu Carvalho do; Gaspar, Jose Carlos; Pires, Augusto Cesar Bittencourt; Ferreira, Francisco Jose Fonseca; Andrade, Leide Rovenia Miranda de

2008-01-01

EMBRAPA (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria) and Brasilia University developed a research project about the viability of carbonatite rock as agricultural fertilizer. As an initial experiment, several mixtures of carbonatite, limestone, phosphorous and potassium compounds were added as fertilizers in an oxisol area (red-latosol, according with Brazilian System of Soil Classification), in Distrito Federal, central Brazil. The experiment area was divided in 56 plots (4 x 7m) and each plot received a fertilizer mixture. The purpose of this work was to verify if the addition of fertilizer mixture to the soil modified its radiometric and resistivity properties and if it is possible to identify this change. Gamma-ray and electrical resistivity measurements were obtained in an experimental area and in a natural savannah type vegetation area. The results showed that the fertilizer addition modified soil natural properties causing a small increase in K, U, Th levels and decreasing ten times electrical resistivity. A low contrast of radiation was observed between plots, and then it was not possible to differentiate the several treatments in base of gamma-ray measurements. Electrical resistivity was efficient to identify three groups of plots related to mixtures characteristics, respectively with phosphorous, potassium and limestone / carbonatite predominance. (author)

5 CFR 845.305 - Ordinary and necessary living expenses.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM-DEBT COLLECTION Standards for Waiver... necessary living expenses include rent, mortgage payments, utilities, maintenance, transportation, food...

78 FR 75215 - Qualified Mortgage Definition for HUD Insured and Guaranteed Single Family Mortgages

Science.gov (United States)

2013-12-11

...;Prices of new books are listed in the first FEDERAL REGISTER issue of each #0;week. #0; #0; #0; #0;#0... the treatment of Title II manufactured housing, but HUD's intention was to exempt Title II...

76 FR 53113 - Guidelines for Designating Biobased Products for Federal Procurement

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-25

... Designating Biobased Products for Federal Procurement AGENCY: Office of Procurement and Property Management... that the Department of Agriculture, Office of Procurement and Property Management, is hereby requesting... comments to: Ron Buckhalt, USDA, Office of Procurement and Property Management, Room 361, Reporters...

Can Jane Get a Mortgage Loan? Depends on When and Where

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexis Antoniades

2017-04-01

Full Text Available By analyzing data from 102 million mortgage loan applications in the US between 2004–2012 (about 90% of all applications across 3,141 counties and 8,000 financial institutions, we investigate whether applicants’ gender matters in the bank's lending decision. We find evidence that female applicants face a higher rejection rate than males, holding all else constant. Similar results are obtained for Hispanic applicants compared to non-Hispanics, and minorities compared to non-minorities. Moreover, we document that this discrimination is pro-cyclical (i.e. peaks in recessions and that it varies substantially across states. Most importantly, we show that non-economic factors help explain the variation in discrimination across states while economic factors do not. Specifically, we find that gender discrimination in lending is higher in states with (i high level of conservatism, (ii low support for gay rights, and (iii low female representation in the state legislature (JEL E32, G21, J16.

77 FR 48948 - Notice of the Advisory Committee on Biotechnology and 21st Century Agriculture Meeting; Correction

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-15

...;and investigations, committee meetings, agency decisions and rulings, #0;delegations of authority... Service Notice of the Advisory Committee on Biotechnology and 21st Century Agriculture Meeting; Correction... Biotechnology and 21st Century Agriculture (AC21). The notice was published in the Federal Register on August 6...

The historical-normative trajectory of agricultural education: from Brazil-Empire to Brazil-Republic (1960

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta Leandro da Silva

2016-04-01

Full Text Available This study, developed from research carried out during a master’s program, focuses on the historical, normative and political trajectory of agricultural education (at high school level, now in the context of federal legislation reforms. This segment of vocational education developed in the light of stereotypes and isolation, with scarce scientific analysis as rare object of research. This paper aims to present a descriptive and analytical approach to the main normative acts that guided the historical and curricular trajectory of Agricultural Education at high school level. Highlighting the educational policies embodied in the federal educational legislation, within these major historical milestones: from Imperial Brazil to the Republican period (1960. Based on qualitative research on education, with emphasis on documentary / normative and institutional research, it is necessary to identify the multiple historical determinations that outlined and preceded current secondary vocational education policies (agricultural area aiming to offer contributions for the analysis of contemporary policies.

Identification of land areas suitable for Fadama farming at Federal ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Fadama farming provides a platform for sustained crop cultivation during dry season. This research was directed towards identifying new land areas within the Federal University of Agriculture with the use of Geographical Information System (GIS). The few existing Fadama sites within the study area were searched and their ...

Multiple models guide strategies for agricultural nutrient reductions

Science.gov (United States)

Scavia, Donald; Kalcic, Margaret; Muenich, Rebecca Logsdon; Read, Jennifer; Aloysius, Noel; Bertani, Isabella; Boles, Chelsie; Confesor, Remegio; DePinto, Joseph; Gildow, Marie; Martin, Jay; Redder, Todd; Robertson, Dale M.; Sowa, Scott P.; Wang, Yu-Chen; Yen, Haw

2017-01-01

In response to degraded water quality, federal policy makers in the US and Canada called for a 40% reduction in phosphorus (P) loads to Lake Erie, and state and provincial policy makers in the Great Lakes region set a load-reduction target for the year 2025. Here, we configured five separate SWAT (US Department of Agriculture's Soil and Water Assessment Tool) models to assess load reduction strategies for the agriculturally dominated Maumee River watershed, the largest P source contributing to toxic algal blooms in Lake Erie. Although several potential pathways may achieve the target loads, our results show that any successful pathway will require large-scale implementation of multiple practices. For example, one successful pathway involved targeting 50% of row cropland that has the highest P loss in the watershed with a combination of three practices: subsurface application of P fertilizers, planting cereal rye as a winter cover crop, and installing buffer strips. Achieving these levels of implementation will require local, state/provincial, and federal agencies to collaborate with the private sector to set shared implementation goals and to demand innovation and honest assessments of water quality-related programs, policies, and partnerships.

12 CFR 960.3 - Standby letters of credit on behalf of housing associates.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... associates with asset/liability management; or (4) To provide housing associates with liquidity or other... associates. 960.3 Section 960.3 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ASSETS... facilitating residential or commercial mortgage lending that benefits individuals or families meeting the...

24 CFR 235.221 - Waived title objections.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... a material extent. (6) Federal tax liens and rights of redemption arising thereform if the following... to an outstanding right of redemption in IRS if (i) the Federal tax lien was perfected subsequent to... MORTGAGE INSURANCE AND ASSISTANCE PAYMENTS FOR HOME OWNERSHIP AND PROJECT REHABILITATION Contract Rights...

78 FR 32460 - Comment Request for Information Collection for ETA Form 232, Domestic Agricultural In-Season Wage...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-05-30

... Federal or State minimum wage, whichever is higher.'' The collection is also required by regulations for... legal federal or State minimum wage rate, whichever is highest unless special procedures apply to the... Collection for ETA Form 232, Domestic Agricultural In-Season Wage Report and ETA Form 232-A, Wage Survey...

The agricultural sector of the Pechora-Ural North

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valentin Aleksandrovich Ivanov

2014-05-01

Full Text Available The article reveals the rural sector’s role in food supply of the population of the Komi Republic arctic and subarctic territories (the Pechora-Ural North. It considers conditions, analyses resources, organizational-legal management forms in agricultural production. The study indicates the agriculture status in the pre-reform (1960–1980 and market upgrade periods (since 1992 and the reforms’ impact on socio-economic processes in the industry. The article investigates obstacles to the agricultural sector development. It proposes development directions of reindeer and cattle breeding. It recommends to accelerate the development and adoption of the law “On reindeer breeding in the Russian Federation”, a federal target program for the reindeer breeding development, and it also proposes to enhance interregional relations in the field of joint systems of pastures control. The research highlights the necessity to strengthen the material and technological base of the dual purpose cattle breeding, to increase financial support of traditional Northern branches

Revisiting Stock Market Integration Pre-Post Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Insight From BRIC Countries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chin-Hong Puah

2015-07-01

Full Text Available This study revisits the long-run relationships and short-run dynamic causal linkages among BRIC stock market, with the particular attention to the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis. Extending related empirical studies, comparative analyses of pre-crisis, and post-crisis periods were conducted to comprehensively evaluate how stock market integration was affected by financial crises. In general, after employing cointegration test and VAR test, the results reveal the increase of stock market integration in BRICs after the subprime crisis. The evidence also found that China stock market is the most influential among the BRICs, in which China stock market has the ability to Granger cause the other three BRICs member countries. An important implication of our findings is that the degree of integration among countries tends to change over time, especially around periods marked by financial crises.

75 FR 1749 - Notice of Meeting; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act (Title VIII, Pub. L. 108-447)

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-13

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Notice of Meeting; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement... Management in Oregon and Washington, under the Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act of 2004. DATES: The conference call will be held on February 2, 2010 from 12:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. A public input session will be...

75 FR 41180 - Notice of Order: Revisions to Enterprise Public Use Database

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-15

.... This responsibility to maintain a public use database (PUDB) for such mortgage data was transferred to... FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY [No. 2010-N-10] Notice of Order: Revisions to Enterprise Public Use Database AGENCY: Federal Housing Finance Agency. ACTION: Notice of order. SUMMARY: Section 1323(a)(1) of...

12 CFR 950.1 - Definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... according to GAAP, less “intangible assets” except for purchased mortgage servicing rights to the extent...) Capital calculated according to GAAP, less intangible assets, as defined by a Bank for members that are... Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ASSETS AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET ITEMS ADVANCES...

THE INCREASE THE FERTILITY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND AND MONITORING OF THIS LAND ARE THE NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR ENSURING FOOD SECURITY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stanislav Lipski

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The availability of suitable land for agricultural activities and the quality of this land are the main factors determining the maximum number of the population of the planet. In the Russian Federation is 8.9 % of the world's arable land. But the natural-climatic conditions of Russia are rather complicated from the point of view of agricultural production. Therefore, the special significance is having the land reclamation and the measures of enhance soil fertility. Meanwhile, the share of reclaimed land in Russia is much lower than by our competitors in the global food market. From 2014 the state is starting the realization of the Federal target program of land reclamation agricultural purposes. The information systems about the land in the period of the agrarian and land transformation and development of a market turnover of land (including agricultural were attending more of legal aspects and of technical side (technology, electronic information exchange rather than on the characteristics of the land as the main means of production. Currently agricultural producers are demanding the land information. But the modern systems, containing information on agricultural lands, are not enough characterizing this land as a productive resource. It is negatively affects the development of agriculture. Now the Ministry of agriculture of Russia develops the proposals on establishment of a special system of monitoring agricultural lands. However, this system is created very slowly.

7 CFR 1822.269 - Security.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Security. 1822.269 Section 1822.269 Agriculture..., Procedures, and Authorizations § 1822.269 Security. Each loan will be secured by a mortgage on the property purchased or improved with the loan, and a security interest in the funds held by the corporation in trust...

Exit Counseling Guide for Federal Student Loan Borrowers

Science.gov (United States)

Federal Student Aid, US Department of Education, 2010

2010-01-01

Student loans, unlike grants and work-study, are borrowed money that must be repaid, with interest, just like car loans and home mortgages. You cannot have these loans canceled because you didn't like the education you received, didn't get a job in your field of study or because you're having financial difficulty. Loans are legal obligations that…

75 FR 11589 - Order Extending Temporary Exemptions Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in Connection with...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-11

... (``Fannie Mae''), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (``Freddie Mac'') or the Government National... the areas set forth in the Commission's Automation Review Policy Statements \\17\\ and its annual...

INVESTMENT CLIMATE OF KAZAKHSTAN: CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Madina Abugalievna TEMIRBULATOVA

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Agriculture still remains a little attractive to most of investors. Modern investment into agrarian sector of Kazakhstan and growth of its investment appeal restrains an acute shortage of financial resources, poorly developed material base, low solvent demand of the population therefore growth of investments is one of major factors of ensuring economic development of agriculture in general, improvement of quality of life of the population of the village, updating of regional technical and technological base, fixed assets in agriculture. In this regard special relevance researches on improvement of mechanisms of attraction of investments into agrarian sector of economy and methods of increase of investment appeal of agriculture for the purpose of ensuring its sustainable economic development. If to consider already created interstate unions, in this plan it is expedient to consider relationship between Romania and Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan and Romania will develop in common electronic decisions in education, medicine and agriculture. In Kazakhstan communications with inclusion of the earth in market the turn appears need for new financial instruments as mortgage valuable issue papers (bonds. The proposed Мodel of land - mortgage lending will be the main way to increase the investment attractiveness Republic of Kazakhstan.

75 FR 26756 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-12

... the subject line of the message. Mail/Hand Delivery: Federal Housing Finance Agency, Fourth Floor.... 2654, amended the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 (Safety and...-page ARM index release, a monthly 8- or 12-page release with mortgage rate and term data, and an annual...

24 CFR 234.285 - Waived title objections.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... have not been violated to a material extent. (f) Federal tax liens and rights of redemption arising... Commissioner will not object to an outstanding right of redemption in IRS if: (1) The Federal tax lien was... CONDOMINIUM OWNERSHIP MORTGAGE INSURANCE Contract Rights and Obligations-Individually Owned Units § 234.285...

Salem 98: A post-plume phase, federal participation exercise

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1999-01-01

Salem 98 was the largest nuclear power plant post-plume phase exercise since the 1993 FRMAC-93 exercise at the Fort Calhoun Nuclear Power Plant in Nebraska. Salem 98 was a 3 Day exercise, held on May 5--7, 1998, involving participation by the States of New Jersey and Delaware and associated State and county agencies. Public Service Electric and Gas was the host utility and Salem County the host county. Federal participation included the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Energy, Environmental Protection Agency, US department of Agriculture and Department of Health and Human Services. In addition, the American Nuclear Insurers participated, adding a dimension to the exercise not experienced often enough. This was a stand-alone post-plume phase exercise, which took place 2 months after the evaluated plume phase exercise held on March 3, 1998, also including participation by various Federal agencies. This exercise demonstrated the positive working relationship among utility, State, county, and Federal responders in response to a postulated major nuclear power plant emergency with significant offsite consequences

Salem 98: A post-plume phase, federal participation exercise

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-01-01

Salem 98 was the largest nuclear power plant post-plume phase exercise since the 1993 FRMAC-93 exercise at the Fort Calhoun Nuclear Power Plant in Nebraska. Salem 98 was a 3 Day exercise, held on May 5--7, 1998, involving participation by the States of New Jersey and Delaware and associated State and county agencies. Public Service Electric and Gas was the host utility and Salem County the host county. Federal participation included the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Energy, Environmental Protection Agency, US department of Agriculture and Department of Health and Human Services. In addition, the American Nuclear Insurers participated, adding a dimension to the exercise not experienced often enough. This was a stand-alone post-plume phase exercise, which took place 2 months after the evaluated plume phase exercise held on March 3, 1998, also including participation by various Federal agencies. This exercise demonstrated the positive working relationship among utility, State, county, and Federal responders in response to a postulated major nuclear power plant emergency with significant offsite consequences.

Measuring the Economic Impacts of Federal Investments in Research

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Olson, Steve [National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC (United States); Merrill, Stephen [National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC (United States)

2011-08-31

Measuring the Economic Impacts of Federal Investments in Research evaluates approaches to measuring the returns on federal research investments. This report identifies new methodologies and metrics that can be developed and used for assessing returns on research across a wide range of fields (biomedical, information technology, energy, agriculture, environment, and other biological and physical sciences, etc.), while using one or more background papers that review current methodologies as a starting point for the discussion. It focuses on tools that are able to exploit available data in the relatively near term rather than on methodologies that may require substantial new data collection. Over the last several years, there has been a growing interest in policy circles in identifying the payoffs from federal agency research investments, especially in terms of economic growth, competitiveness, and jobs. The extraordinary increase in research expenditures under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 and the President's commitment to science and technology (S&T) funding increases going forward have heightened the need for measuring the impacts of research investments. Without a credible analysis of their outcomes, the recent and proposed increases in S&T funding may not be sustained, especially given competing claims for federal funding and pressures to reduce projected federal budget deficits. Motivated by these needs and requirements, Measuring the Economic Impacts of Federal Investments in Research reviews and discusses the use of quantitative and qualitative data to evaluate the returns on federal research and development (R&D) investments. Despite the job-focused mandate of the current ARRA reporting requirements, the impact of S&T funding extend well beyond employment. For instance, federal funding in energy research may lead to innovations that would reduce energy costs at the household level, energy imports at the national level, and

HUD Homeownership Centers

Data.gov (United States)

Department of Housing and Urban Development — HUD Homeownership Centers (HOCs) insure single family Federal Housing Administration (FHA) mortgages and oversee the selling of HUD homes. FHA has four Homeownership...

12 CFR 340.7 - When is a certification required, and who does not have to provide a certification?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... may establish the form of the certification and may change the form from time to time. (b... instrumentality such as the Government National Mortgage Association, or a federally-regulated, government...

7 CFR Exhibit J to Subpart G of... - Locations and Telephone Numbers of Federal Emergency Management Administration's Regional Offices

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Locations and Telephone Numbers of Federal Emergency Management Administration's Regional Offices J Exhibit J to Subpart G of Part 1940 Agriculture Regulations of... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Environmental Program Pt. 1940, Subpt. G, Exh. J Exhibit J to Subpart G of...

Early warning system for potential churners among mortgage customers

Science.gov (United States)

Irpan, Hamidah Muhd; Aidid, Sharifah Sakinah Syed Hassan; Mohmad, Sarahiza; Ibrahim, Noorazilah

2014-07-01

Retaining existing customer is a major task for many companies because cost to acquire new customers is higher than retaining existing customers. For mortgage business in Bank X, customer relationship management plays a big role to understand their customers' profile and churners so that suitable action can be done to retain their potential churners. Objectives of this study are (1) understanding their customers' profile and churners, (2) modeling potential churners using neural network model and (3) to deploy the model to identify potential churners. Data was divided into two parts: sampling (67,470 cases) and scoring (4,488 cases). Analysis was done using SAS Enterprise Miner. Dependent variable is churner/non churner while independent variables are balance and amount of loan, interest rate offered installment amount, loan performance, months in arrear, vintage, tenure, age, race and gender. Potential churners were identified as Malays, followed by Indian, other races and Chinese. Nonperforming loan and male customers tend to churn compared to performing loan and female customers. Younger customers with small loan amount, balance and monthly instalment, higher interest rate, have many months in arrears, longer vintage and tenure have higher tendency to churn from Bank X. Hence, Bank X should focus on the potential churners for their campaign to minimize the expenses of retaining existing customers by doing an effective campaign with high successful rate.

10 CFR 435.2 - Definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... purposes of this part, the following terms, phrases and words shall be defined as follows: Baseline... Association, and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. ICC means International Code Council. IECC means...

HECM Single Family Portfolio Snapshot

Data.gov (United States)

Department of Housing and Urban Development — The Federal Housing Administration's HECM program is the only government-insured reverse mortgage program. The HECM program guarantees that the lender will meet its...

FHA Insured Single Family Properties by Census Tract - National Geospatial Data Asset (NGDA)

Data.gov (United States)

Department of Housing and Urban Development — The Federal Housing Administration, generally known as FHA, provides mortgage insurance on loans made by FHA-approved lenders throughout the United States and its...

76 FR 81472 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-28

... securities holdings of the public retirement systems component of the economy. The Federal Reserve Board uses... securities including bonds and mortgage backed securities will be moved from ``Corporate Bonds'' to [[Page 81473

BIODYNAMIC AGRICULTURE - ECO-FRIENDLY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Veselka Vlahova

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Biodynamic agriculture is undoubtedly the oldest organized agricultural movement in the world. It is considered as an organic agricultural farming approach and determined as the oldest organized alternative agricultural movement in the world. In 1924 Rudolf Steiner – an Austrian natural scientist and philosopher, carried out a series of eight lectures in Koberwitz, currently Kobierzyce- Poland, where he formulated his visions on changes in agriculture and revealed his spiritual and scientific concepts about the connection between nature and agriculture by determining the important role of agriculture for the future of humanity and thus he became known as “the father of anthroposophy”. The great ecological effect of the application of the biodynamic agriculture is expressed in soil preservation and preservation of the living organisms in the soil, as well as maintenance of the natural balance in the vegetable and animal kingdom.

The climate change law of the federal government. Analyses and proposals to its further development; Das Klimaschutzrecht des Bundes. Analyse und Vorschlaege zu seiner Weiterentwicklung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sina, Stephan; Garstetter, Christiane; Bausch, Camilla; Goerlach, Benjamin; Neubauer, Alexander [Ecologic gGmbH Institut fuer Internationale und Europaeische Umweltpolitik, Berlin (Germany); Rodi, Michael [Greifswald Univ. (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer oeffentliches Recht, Finanz- und Steuerrecht

2011-09-15

The present report provides an analysis of the current German federal climate change law. Due to the crosssectoral character of this law, the study comprises regulations from different sectors and areas of law such as emissions trading, the energy sector and agriculture. Based on this analysis, proposals for the advancement of the German federal law of climate change are developed in five particular areas: a potential outline for a general climate protection act serving as the central legal act for climate change law, further considerations on the structure of climate change law, development proposals related to energy grids, federal requirements for municipal climate protection as well as agricultural land use. (orig.)

WHERE WILL FUTURE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING INFORMATION COME FROM: NEW JERSEY PEACH MARKET - A CASE STUDY

OpenAIRE

Thatch, Daymon W.; Perkins, Frederick A.

1985-01-01

Researchers and decision makers are currently faced with a reduced supply of agricultural marketing information at both federal and state levels. Although a number of on-line computer informational sources are available to help fill this gap, the data are relatively expensive and often not available in the form or detail needed at the farm level. This paper examines expected future sources of agricultural information in the public, private and semi-public/private sectors. A working model of a...

Agricultural experts’ attitude towards precision agriculture: Evidence from Guilan Agricultural Organization, Northern Iran

OpenAIRE

Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari; Masoumeh Mohammadzadeh; Stefanos A. Nastis

2016-01-01

Identifying factors that influence the attitudes of agricultural experts regarding precision agriculture plays an important role in developing, promoting and establishing precision agriculture. The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting the attitudes of agricultural experts regarding the implementation of precision agriculture. A descriptive research design was employed as the research method. A research-made questionnaire was used to examine the agricultural experts’ attitude to...

Agriculture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goetz, B.; Riss, A.; Zethner, G.

2001-01-01

This chapter deals with fertilization techniques, bioenergy from agriculture, environmental aspects of a common agriculture policy in the European Union, bio-agriculture, fruit farming in Austria and with environmental indicators in agriculture. In particular renewable energy sources (bio-diesel, biogas) from agriculture are studied in comparison to fossil fuels and other energy sources. (a.n.)

ERIC First Analysis: Agricultural Policy. 1986-87 National High School Debate Resolutions.

Science.gov (United States)

Wagner, David L.; Fraleigh, Douglas

Designed to serve as a framework in which high school debate students, coaches, and judges can evaluate the issues, arguments, and evidence concerning which agricultural policies best serve the United States, this booklet provides guidelines for research on the 1986-87 debate resolutions selected by the National Federation of State High School…

Climate change in the federated states of Micronesia: Food and water security, climate risk management, and adaptive strategies

Science.gov (United States)

Fletcher, Charles H.; Richmond, Bruce M.

2010-01-01

This is a report of findings following research and a three-week field assessment (April 2009) of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) in response to nation-wide marine inundation by extreme tides (December 2007, September 2008, December 2008).3 The study was conducted at the request of the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service and the state and federal governments of FSM.

Debenture Interest Rates

Data.gov (United States)

Department of Housing and Urban Development — Interest rates to be paid on debentures issued with respect to a loan or mortgage insured by the Federal Housing Commissioner under the provisions of the National...

Agriculture: About EPA's National Agriculture Center

Science.gov (United States)

EPA's National Agriculture Center (Ag Center), with the support of the United States Department of Agriculture, serves growers, livestock producers, other agribusinesses, and agricultural information/education providers.

Impacts of renewable fuel regulation and production on agriculture, energy, and welfare

Science.gov (United States)

McPhail, Lihong Lu

The purpose of this dissertation is to study the impact of U.S. federal renewable fuel regulations on energy and agriculture commodity markets and welfare. We consider two federal ethanol policies: the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) contained in the Energy Security and Independence Act of 2007 and tax credits to ethanol blenders contained in the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008. My first essay estimates the distribution of short-run impacts of changing federal ethanol policies on U.S. energy prices, agricultural commodity prices, and welfare through a stochastic partial equilibrium model of U.S. corn, ethanol, and gasoline markets. My second essay focuses on studying the price behavior of the renewable fuel credit (RFC) market, which is the mechanism developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to meet the RFS. RFCs are a tradable, bankable, and borrowable accounting mechanism to ensure that all obligated parties use a mandated level of renewable fuel. I first develop a conceptual framework to understand how the market works and then apply stochastic dynamic programming to simulate prices for RFCs, examine the sensitivity of prices to relevant shocks, and estimate RFC option premiums. My third essay assesses the impact of policy led U.S. ethanol on the markets of global crude oil and U.S. gasoline using a structural Vector Auto Regression model of global crude oil, U.S. gasoline and ethanol markets.

Project AProWa: a national view on managing trade-offs between agricultural production and conservation of aquatic ecosystems

Science.gov (United States)

Dietzel, Anne; Rahn, Eric; Stamm, Christian

2014-05-01

for irrigation can already be documented. Due to drier summers induced by climate change, this phenomenon is expected to gain more importance in the future. Related to water quantity and quality it is crucial to think about the diverging interests between the supply of the population with national agricultural products and the preservation of the water bodies, their ecological value and their other ecosystem services (e.g. drinking water supply). The project AProWa attempts to elucidate trade-offs of national goals for water protection and agricultural production in Switzerland by involving stakeholders from agricultural administration (Federal Office for Agriculture, FOAG), agricultural research (Agroscope), water research (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag) and environmental protection (Federal Office for the Environment, FOEN). This is done by applying multi-criteria decision analysis facilitating consensus regarding goals and possible activities and alternatives to reach these goals. This is followed by an evaluation of main conflicts and prioritized research gaps. We present preliminary results from workshops and interdisciplinary discussion groups that encompass an objectives hierarchy reflecting agricultural production and water conservation goals. Furthermore, an inventory of agricultural practices and water protection measures is presented, enabling their evaluation for the provision of agricultural production while sustaining aquatic ecosystems.

Agricultural SWOT analysis and wisdom agriculture design of chengdu

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Qian; Chen, Xiangyu; Du, Shaoming; Yin, Guowei; Yu, Feng; Liu, Guicai; Gong, Jin; Han, Fujun

2017-08-01

According to the status of agricultural information, this paper analyzed the advantages, opportunities and challenges of developing wisdom agriculture in Chengdu. By analyzed the local characteristics of Chengdu agriculture, the construction program of Chengdu wisdom agriculture was designed, which was based on the existing agricultural informatization. The positioning and development theme of Chengdu agriculture is leisure agriculture, urban agriculture and quality agriculture.

Crowd-funding as a new source of financing of innovative activity in agriculture

OpenAIRE

BOLDARUK D.Y.; BOLDARUK I.I.

2015-01-01

In article the new source of financing of innovative activity in agriculture for the Russian Federation is considered. Characteristics of crowd funding, its advantage and shortcomings are considered. Examples of real use of this tool are given. Prospects of development of a new source of financing in the market are described.

Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act: Forestry contractors' model operating plan

Science.gov (United States)

Dan Bremer

2007-01-01

The Model Operating Plan for forestry contractors is a voluntary plan for compliance with the Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act (MSPA) of 1983, with amendments passed in 1996 and 1997. This plan is designed as a guide for forestry contractors who wish to comply with all federal, state, and local rules and regulations that govern their employer/...

THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI ON AGRICULTURAL GROWTH IN NIGERIA (1979-2014

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zechariahs Benapugha OWUTUAMOR

2018-03-01

Full Text Available This study examining the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI and other macroeconomic variables on agricultural growth in Nigeria from 1981 to 2014, using annual time series data from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN, World Bank and the United States of America (US Federal Reserve System. Data was analysed using trend analyses, unit root tests, co-integration tests, ordinary least squares (OLS regression and Granger causality tests, while the hypothesis was tested with F-test. Results revealed very low FDI inflow into agriculture, not commensurate with the share of agriculture to GDP. All significance were taken at the 5% probability level, i.e. p<0.05. There was positive non-significant relationship between agricultural growth and FDI in agriculture, meaning that FDI in agriculture has no direct impact on agricultural growth or the impact on agricultural growth is masked by other macroeconomic variables. Significant positive relationship exists between agricultural growth and macroeconomic instability, while interest rate differential had a significant negative relationship. There was unidirectional causality running from FDI in agriculture, stock of gross external debts, and variability of consumers’ price index to agricultural growth, while agricultural growth was significant in granger causing macroeconomic instability. Recommendations are government should not involve itself in business, but seek for and encourage more FDI for the agricultural sector, encourage joint ventures between foreign and domestic investors/entrepreneurs, ensure stability and consistency in its macroeconomic policies, while monetary policy rates should be fixed in such a way that it would attract the right amount of investments in agriculture.

Environmental restoration plans and activities in the Russian Federation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boldyrev, V.; Komarov, A.; Kuzin, R.; Shatalov, V.

1997-01-01

The report deals with the status of environmental restoration of uranium-contaminated sites and the methods to reduce radionuclides concentration in the solid and liquid wastes as well as their utilization potential. Attention is given to the waste utilization in agriculture and civil engineering construction. With this in view, the paper deals with waste water purification and applicable standards for natural radionuclides content in solid waste for utilization in construction activities. All works are carried out in accordance with the Special Complex Programme for environmental restoration of contaminated uranium mining and milling sites caused by the activities of the industries engaged in nuclear materials production for the Ministry of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation. The Programme is an integral part of the Federal Programme ''Conversion of Russian Defense Industries in 1993-2000''. (author)

Agricultural experts’ attitude towards precision agriculture: Evidence from Guilan Agricultural Organization, Northern Iran

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Identifying factors that influence the attitudes of agricultural experts regarding precision agriculture plays an important role in developing, promoting and establishing precision agriculture. The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting the attitudes of agricultural experts regarding the implementation of precision agriculture. A descriptive research design was employed as the research method. A research-made questionnaire was used to examine the agricultural experts’ attitude toward precision agriculture. Internal consistency was demonstrated with a coefficient alpha of 0.87, and the content and face validity of the instrument was confirmed by a panel of experts. The results show that technical, economic and accessibility factors accounted for 55% of the changes in attitudes towards precision agriculture. The findings revealed that there were no significant differences between participants in terms of gender, field of study, extension education, age, experience, organizational position and attitudes, while education levels had a significant effect on the respondent’s attitudes.

Agriculture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2002-01-01

The report entitled Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation : A Canadian Perspective, presents a summary of research regarding the impacts of climate change on key sectors over the past five years as it relates to Canada. This chapter on agriculture describes how climate change will affect primary agriculture production in Canada with particular focus on potential adaptation options, and vulnerability of agriculture at the farm level. Agriculture is a vital part of the Canadian economy, although only 7 per cent of Canada's land mass is used for agricultural purposes due to the limitations of climate and soils. Most parts of Canada are expected to experience warmer conditions, longer frost-free seasons and increased evapotranspiration. The impacts of these changes on agriculture will vary depending on precipitation changes, soil conditions, and land use. Northern regions may benefit from longer farming seasons, but poor soil conditions will limit the northward expansion of agricultural crops. Some of the negative impacts associated with climate change on agriculture include increased droughts, changes in pest and pathogen outbreaks, and moisture stress. In general, it is expected that the positive and negative impacts of climate change would offset each other. 74 refs., 2 tabs., 1 fig

24 CFR 242.63 - Additional indebtedness and leasing.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... AUTHORITIES MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR HOSPITALS Regulatory Agreement, Accounting and Reporting, and Financial... Development (Continued) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF... derivative-type transactions, except in conformance with policies and procedures established by HUD. ...

Green Agriculture - features and agricultural policy measures for the transition to a sustainable agriculture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cornelia Nistor

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Agriculture is one of the most important economic activities in each country or area, as it is in close correlation with all other the other economic activities, in a whole which must be structured so as to achieve a more efficient planning and organization of the territory. The practice of a traditional agriculture, based on industrialization, affects the natural environment through emissions of pollutants, waste and deforestation which together affects biodiversity. Green Agriculture suppose to empower managers to widespread the use of fertilizers, to improve the crop rotation, to realize a more efficient water consumption, to improve the storage methods and the supply chain of products. Agricultural policies are closely interrelated with environmental policies as agricultural activities have a considerable influence on the environment. The efficiency of agricultural policies is reflected in monetary transfers between agriculture and other economic sectors, in the costs due to the reallocation of the resources between different agricultural and non-agricultural activities and in the realized gains. Currently there is a constant concern of the governments for the transition to a green agriculture, and most countries recognize the importance of achieving sustainable economic development.

Environmental impacts of dispersed development from federal infrastructure projects.

Science.gov (United States)

Southerland, Mark T

2004-06-01

Dispersed development, also referred to as urban growth or sprawl, is a pattern of low-density development spread over previously rural landscapes. Such growth can result in adverse impacts to air quality, water quality, human health, aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, agricultural land, military training areas, water supply and wastewater treatment, recreational resources, viewscapes, and cultural resources. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) is charged with protecting public health and the environment, which includes consideration of impacts from dispersed development. Specifically, because federal infrastructure projects can affect the progress of dispersed development, the secondary impacts resulting from it must be assessed in documents prepared under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) has oversight for NEPA and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act requires that U.S. EPA review and comment on federal agency NEPA documents. The adverse effects of dispersed development can be induced by federal infrastructure projects including transportation, built infrastructure, modifications in natural infrastructure, public land conversion and redevelopment of properties, construction of federal facilities, and large traffic or major growth generation developments requiring federal permits. This paper presents an approach that U.S. EPA reviewers and NEPA practitioners can use to provide accurate, realistic, and consistent analysis of secondary impacts of dispersed development resulting from federal infrastructure projects. It also presents 24 measures that can be used to mitigate adverse impacts from dispersed development by modifying project location and design, participating in preservation or restoration activities, or informing and supporting local communities in planning.

7 CFR Exhibit D to Subpart B of... - Fact Sheet-The Federal Interagency Task Force on Food and Shelter for the Homeless

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... (CONTINUED) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Management of Property Exhibit D to Subpart B of Part 1955—Fact Sheet—The... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Fact Sheet-The Federal Interagency Task Force on Food and Shelter for the Homeless D Exhibit D to Subpart B of Part 1955 Agriculture Regulations of the...

"Agricultural Statecraft" in the Cold War: a case study of Poland and the West from 1945 to 1957.

Science.gov (United States)

Spaulding, Robert Mark

2009-01-01

This paper examines how the rise and fall of Polish agriculture affected the larger political and economic relationship among Poland and three key members of the western alliance - the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Federal Republic of Germany - in the first decade of the Cold War. This period is revealing precisely because the reversal of fortunes in the Polish agricultural economy required the Polish government and some western counterparts to maneuver through periods of both agricultural advantage and disadvantage. Agricultural strategies as means and ends motivated the Polish, British, West German, and American governments to actions that bent, stretched, and limited some well-established practices in Cold War relations across divided Europe. By explicating the political consequences of changing flows of agricultural exports and imports in one specific context, this essay serves as case study of the role of agriculture in the global context of the Cold War.

The agricultural policy of Serbia and common agricultural policy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stanković Milica

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The agricultural sector has a relatively high importance in the economic structure of Serbia. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP, Common Agricultural Policy is one of the main policies of the European Union. It is very important to point out the fundamental principles and objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy. Harmonization of the national agricultural policy of Serbia with the Common Agricultural Policy and acceptance of its mechanisms is crucial for the development of the agricultural sector as a whole.

75 FR 16066 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-31

... information is also used to determine that the Government's security for loans made by RUS are reasonably... loan security. Description of Respondents: Business or other for-profit; not-for- profit institutions.... Department of Agriculture. It makes mortgage loans and loan guarantees to finance telecommunications...

12 CFR 652.20 - Liquidity reserve management and requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Liquidity reserve management and requirements... AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE CORPORATION FUNDING AND FISCAL AFFAIRS Investment Management § 652.20 Liquidity reserve management and requirements. (a) Minimum liquidity reserve requirement. Within 24 months of this rule...

Enact legislation supporting residential property assessed clean energy financing (PACE)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saha, Devashree

2012-11-15

Congress should enact legislation that supports residential property assessed clean energy (PACE) programs in the nation’s states and metropolitan areas. Such legislation should require the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) to allow Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to purchase residential mortgages with PACE assessments while at the same time providing responsible underwriting standards and a set of benchmarks for residential PACE assessments in order to minimize financial risks to mortgage holders. Congressional support of residential PACE financing will improve energy efficiency, encourage job creation, and foster economic growth in the nation’s state and metropolitan areas.

Are federal sustained yield units equitable? A case study of the Grays Harbor unit.

Science.gov (United States)

Con H Schallau; Wilbur R. Maki

1986-01-01

The Grays Harbor Federal Sustained Yield Unit (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service) was established in 1949 to enhance the economic stability of the forest products industry and dependent communities in Grays Harbor County, Washington. Provisions of the unit's charter require that all logs harvested from the Quinault Ranger District of the Olympic...

On the strong solution of a class of partial differential equations that arise in the pricing of mortgage backed securities

KAUST Repository

Parshad, Rana; Bayazit, Derviş; Barlow, Nathaniel S.; Prasad, V. Ramchandra

2011-01-01

We consider a reduced form pricing model for mortgage backed securities, formulated as a non-linear partial differential equation. We prove that the model possesses a weak solution. We then show that under additional regularity assumptions on the initial data, we also have a mild solution. This mild solution is shown to be a strong solution via further regularity arguments. We also numerically solve the reduced model via a Fourier spectral method. Lastly, we compare our numerical solution to real market data. We observe interestingly that the reduced model captures a number of recent market trends in this data, that have escaped previous models.

ANALYZING CONTAGION FROM THE U.S. SUBPRIME MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES MARKET

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lisa Sheenan

2017-12-01

Full Text Available This paper analyzes contagion from the U.S. subprime mortgage-backed securities market, represented by the ABX.HE indices, to several fixed income, equity and volatility markets in line with seminal literature on the subject. We analyze ‘spliced’ data set constructed in line with the literature, along with two traded ABX.HE indexes. A VAR framework is employed, firstly to extend existing analysis to include 2009, and then to analyze two traded indexes. In order to test the sensitivity of these results ABX returns are then included as an eighth endogenous variable in the VAR. Principal component analysis is employed to reduce the dimensionality of the data. The main principal component obtained is then included as an exogenous variable in the VAR framework and the sensitivity of these results is tested by including this principal component as an eighth endogenous variable. The results indicate evidence of contagion from the ABX indexes during the crisis of 2007-2009 but the source and intensity of this contagion varies across indexes. This highlights the differences across the three ABX data sets analyzed and suggests that splicing the ABX index may impact the results obtained. It also provides evidence that the traded ABX indexes are heterogeneous assets with varying sensitivities to risk factors during the crisis.

78 FR 46295 - Enterprise Underwriting Standards

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-31

... 2590-AA53 Enterprise Underwriting Standards AGENCY: Federal Housing Finance Agency. ACTION: Proposed...), (together, the Enterprises) relating to mortgage assets affected by Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE... that were encumbered by this retrofit lending program that created a priority ahead of the Enterprise...

75 FR 66385 - Protecting Tenants at Foreclosure Act: Guidance on Notification Responsibilities Under the Act...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-28

.... Often, tenants residing as leaseholders in residential properties become collateral victims in addition... Residential Property,'' published in the Federal Register on June 24, 2009. Specifically, today's notice... accepting conveyance of an occupied property because of foreclosure of an FHA mortgage, the occupant is...

77 FR 55794 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-11

..., one of RUS' main objectives is to safeguard loan security until the loan is repaid. Accordingly, RUS... quality of the products is acceptable and that their use will not jeopardize loan security. The.... Department of Agriculture (USDA). It makes mortgage loans and loan guarantees to finance electric...

78 FR 17303 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA): Direct Endorsement Program Solicitation of Comment on...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-21

... level of risk. FHA will provide the lender with an opportunity to present missing information or... FHA conducts its pre-endorsement review of loans originated by Direct Endorsement lenders from a time that is prior to the lender closing each loan and before FHA's endorsement of the mortgage for...

76 FR 5518 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA): Refinancing an Existing Cooperative Under Section 207...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-02-01

... project is for rental or cooperative housing, HUD's regulations limit section 223(f) financing to rental... financing to rental projects. A recent HUD report on U.S. Housing Market Conditions \\2\\ indicated that... provide that ``a mortgage financing the purchase or refinance of an existing rental housing project or...

Genetically Modified Crops: Towards Agricultural Growth, Agricultural Development, or Agricultural Sustainability?

OpenAIRE

Azadi, Hossein; Ghanian, Mansour; Ghuchani, Omid M.; Rafiaani, Parisa; Taning, Clauvis N. T.; Hajivand, Roghaye Y.; Dogot, Thomas

2015-01-01

The present debate on how to increase global food production in a sustainable way has focused on arguments over the pros and cons of genetically modified (GM) crops. Scientists in both public and private sectors clearly regard GM technology as a major new set of tools, whereas industry sees it as an opportunity for increased profits. However, it remains questionable whether GM crops can contribute to agricultural growth, agricultural development, and agricultural sustainability. This review p...

Gamma-ray and electrical resistivity measurements in soil with application of carbonatite and agricultural fertilizers in Distrito Federal; Radiacao gama e resistividade eletrica em solo com aplicacao de carbonatito e fertilizantes agricolas no Distrito Federal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nascimento, Carlos Tadeu Carvalho do; Gaspar, Jose Carlos; Pires, Augusto Cesar Bittencourt, E-mail: carlostadeu@unb.br, E-mail: gasp@unb.br, E-mail: acbpires@unb.br [Instituto de Geociencias, Universidade de Brasilia, DF (Brazil); Ferreira, Francisco Jose Fonseca, E-mail: francisco.ferreira@ufpr.br [Departamento de Geologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR (Brazil); Andrade, Leide Rovenia Miranda de, E-mail: leide@cpac.embrapa.br [Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria dos Cerrados, Planaltina, DF (Brazil)

2008-01-15

EMBRAPA (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria) and Brasilia University developed a research project about the viability of carbonatite rock as agricultural fertilizer. As an initial experiment, several mixtures of carbonatite, limestone, phosphorous and potassium compounds were added as fertilizers in an oxisol area (red-latosol, according with Brazilian System of Soil Classification), in Distrito Federal, central Brazil. The experiment area was divided in 56 plots (4 x 7m) and each plot received a fertilizer mixture. The purpose of this work was to verify if the addition of fertilizer mixture to the soil modified its radiometric and resistivity properties and if it is possible to identify this change. Gamma-ray and electrical resistivity measurements were obtained in an experimental area and in a natural savannah type vegetation area. The results showed that the fertilizer addition modified soil natural properties causing a small increase in K, U, Th levels and decreasing ten times electrical resistivity. A low contrast of radiation was observed between plots, and then it was not possible to differentiate the several treatments in base of gamma-ray measurements. Electrical resistivity was efficient to identify three groups of plots related to mixtures characteristics, respectively with phosphorous, potassium and limestone / carbonatite predominance. (author)

Government experience in nuclear power plant export financing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kalbitz, K.

1976-01-01

Because the long-term funds at the disposal of the commercial banks were insufficient to make available the amounts required for the exportation of nuclear power plants, it was necessary to make available long-term funds of the mortgage banks. On account of the strict regulations governing the lending operations of such banks, it was, however, necessary to introduce a Federal guarantee which covers 100% of the contract value in each case. On balance, however, the Federal Government does not take over any additional risks, because recourse may be taken to the commercial banks, which are liable for all additional payments under the credit arrangement having arisen from the improvement of the guarantee in favour of the mortgage banks. This has resulted in a considerable improvement of the export financing system which, of course, is for benefit of other major export projects too. (HP) [de

Agriculture and Water Quality. Issues in Agricultural Policy. Agriculture Information Bulletin Number 548.

Science.gov (United States)

Crowder, Bradley M.; And Others

Agriculture generates byproducts that may contribute to the contamination of the United States' water supply. Any effective regulations to ban or restrict agricultural chemical or land use practices in order to improve water quality will affect the farm economy. Some farmers will benefit; some will not. Most agricultural pollutants reach surface…

78 FR 8448 - Streamlining Inspection and Warranty Requirements for Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Single...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-06

... calling the Regulation Division at 202-402-3055 (this is not a toll-free number). Individuals with speech... Requirements for High Loan-to-Value Ratio Mortgages AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary of Housing... (this is not a toll-free number). Individuals with speech or hearing impairments may access this number...

77 FR 37248 - Delegations of Authority for the Office of Housing-Federal Housing Administration (FHA...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-20

... program, in relation to the following functions: 1. General authority; 2. All production functions; 3. All... mortgage insurance program, in relation to the following functions: 1. General authority; 2. All production... with participants from the private and public sectors, to provide affordable capital financing for the...

Survey of market hindrances in the agricultural biogas area

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liesch, B.

2002-01-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy presents the results of a survey made under 150 farmers in Switzerland concerning the promotion of agricultural biogas installations. Using the results of the survey, the authors classify the hindrances found to be standing in the way of further propagation of biogas installations in the farming sector. These include information deficits in the farming community as well as a lack of information at the local authority level, in agricultural education and amongst those institutions with interests in the local exploitation of organic wastes. The report gives details on the farms surveyed, lists the questions posed and reviews the answers given. It also draws conclusions on the degree to which the farmers are informed, through which channels the information flows and also assesses the factors mentioned that hinder the construction of biogas installations. Suggestions are made on measures that can be taken to improve the situation

Researches on Agricultural Cooperative Economic Organization Promoting Agricultural Insurance Development

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

2011-01-01

The advantages of cooperative economic organization being the effective carrier of agricultural insurance development are analyzed. Firstly, cooperative economic organization promotes scale management and solves the problem of decentralized operation of small households. Secondly, cooperative economic organization can settle the problem of peasants’ low systematization. Thirdly, cooperative economic organization can largely reduce the costs of agricultural insurance operation. Fourthly, cooperative organization decreases moral risks as well as adverse selection to some extent. Lastly, cooperative organization, to a certain degree, reduces the risks of agricultural production and increases the insurability of agricultural risks. Meanwhile, limitations of agricultural cooperative economic organization being the carrier of agricultural insurance operation are pointed out. Firstly, cooperative economic organization has limited coverage and small size of organization, which is harmful to the diversification of agricultural risks. Secondly, cooperative economic organization lacks capital funds and its development is not standard, which is not perfect for the function exertion as a carrier. Lastly, members of professional cooperative organization have low cultural qualities, which restrict the implementation of agricultural insurance. The modes of farmers’ cooperative economic organization promoting agricultural insurance development are proposed, including mode of agricultural insurance cooperative ( mutual corporation), mode of "leading enterprises (companies) + professional cooperative organization (planting majors) + insurance" and mode of professional cooperatives serving as agricultural insurance agent. Last of all, the promoting role of agricultural insurance in agricultural cooperative economic organization is briefly illustrated.

Effectiveness of conservation easements in agricultural regions.

Science.gov (United States)

Braza, Mark

2017-08-01

Conservation easements are a standard technique for preventing habitat loss, particularly in agricultural regions with extensive cropland cultivation, yet little is known about their effectiveness. I developed a spatial econometric approach to propensity-score matching and used the approach to estimate the amount of habitat loss prevented by a grassland conservation easement program of the U.S. federal government. I used a spatial autoregressive probit model to predict tract enrollment in the easement program as of 2001 based on tract agricultural suitability, habitat quality, and spatial interactions among neighboring tracts. Using the predicted values from the model, I matched enrolled tracts with similar unenrolled tracts to form a treatment group and a control group. To measure the program's impact on subsequent grassland loss, I estimated cropland cultivation rates for both groups in 2014 with a second spatial probit model. Between 2001 and 2014, approximately 14.9% of control tracts were cultivated and 0.3% of treated tracts were cultivated. Therefore, approximately 14.6% of the protected land would have been cultivated in the absence of the program. My results demonstrate that conservation easements can significantly reduce habitat loss in agricultural regions; however, the enrollment of tracts with low cropland suitability may constrain the amount of habitat loss they prevent. My results also show that spatial econometric models can improve the validity of control groups and thereby strengthen causal inferences about program effectiveness in situations when spatial interactions influence conservation decisions. © 2017 Society for Conservation Biology.

41 CFR 128-48.503 - General procedures.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General procedures. 128-48.503 Section 128-48.503 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management... bills of sale, contracts, mortgages, or other satisfactory documentary evidence. (3) The facts and...

12 CFR 1253.2 - Definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... finance or financial system. The term “new activity” does not include— (1) Any Enterprise business... the Enterprise or the mortgage finance system from a previously approved product or activity; (5... Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY ENTERPRISES PRIOR APPROVAL FOR ENTERPRISE PRODUCTS § 1253.2...

77 FR 19345 - Proposed Exemptions From Certain Prohibited Transaction Restrictions

Science.gov (United States)

2012-03-30

... New Mexico. SPF's principal activities include commercial and retail banking, along with insurance, investment, trust and mortgage services. SPF is currently taxed as a Subchapter S corporation for federal... Bank, National Association (TCB), a national banking association and third party lender, as both lender...

78 FR 21393 - Notice of Submission of Proposed Information Collection to OMB Ginnie Mae Multiclass Securities...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-10

..., Ginnie Mae has already guaranteed the collateral for the multiclass instruments. The Ginnie Mae... mortgage market and to attract new sources of capital for federally insured or guaranteed loans. Under this... guaranteed the collateral for the multiclass instruments. The Ginnie Mae Multiclass Securities Program...

76 FR 81793 - Net Worth Standard for Accredited Investors

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-29

... this provision will mitigate incentives to increase debt secured against the residence solely for... and Residential Mortgage Default: Theory and Evidence from U.S. States,'' (February 25, 2011), Federal... should address potential incentives for individuals to incur debt secured by a primary residence for the...

12 CFR 652.15 - Interest rate risk management and requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interest rate risk management and requirements... AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE CORPORATION FUNDING AND FISCAL AFFAIRS Investment Management § 652.15 Interest rate risk... (direction, controls, and supervision) to the interest rate risk management program and must be knowledgeable...

analysis of the influence of agricultural and non-agricultural sectors ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

INIAMA

agricultural GDP led to a 0.243% and 0.743% change in the economy respectively. It means that the economy is inelastic with respect to agricultural and non-agricultural sector performance. The economy is more inelastic with respect to agricultural production than non-agricultural production. In countries where economies ...

Nutrition of monogastrics: A summary of research conducted under the German Federal Programme for Organic Agriculture and other forms of Sustainable Agriculture

OpenAIRE

ANON, AN

2012-01-01

The thematic focus of monogastric nutrition runs very regularly through the entire federal programme. A strong focus was on the use of feed made from 100% organic origin (EC Eco-Regulation). In experiments in 2006 on the use of roughage in outdoor rearing pigs, for example, it was shown that Jerusalem artichoke can lead to significantly higher weight gains, compared to the control, while weight gain decreased significantly in some cases using other roughages. In another project in 2007, the v...

Energy policy turnaround and agriculture. Proceedings; Energiewende und Landwirtschaft. Tagungsband

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wendl, Georg (ed.)

2012-11-15

Within the land-technical annual meeting at 22nd November, 2012 in the training centre of the Banz monastery (Bad Staffelstein, Federal Republic of Germany), the following lectures were held: (1) Opportunities and potentials of renewable energies in Bavaria (Rupert Schaefer); (2) Consumption of electricity and energy efficiency in agricultural operation (Stefan Neser); (3) Short-rotation plantations - Processes, efficiency and ecologic balance (Frank Burger); (4) Bavarian pilot plants for the production of biogas - Results from five years of monitoring (Mathias Effenberger); (5) Farm biomass conversion plants up to 75 kW - Opportunities and limits (Andreas Weber); (6) Photovoltaic power plants and wind power plants in the Bavarian agriculture - Where is it all going? (Johannes Graf); (7) Wind energy - Regional value creation by an area model and citizen's participation using an example in Creussen (district Bayreuth) (Harald Mild); (8) Regional power connecting using Hollfeld as an example (Markus Pirkelmann).

Ascendancy of agricultural biotechnology in the Australian political mainstream coexists with technology criticism by a vocal-minority.

Science.gov (United States)

Tribe, David

2014-07-03

Australia is a federation of States. This political structure necessitates collaborative arrangements between Australian governments to harmonize national regulation of gene technology and food standards. Extensive political negotiation among institutions of federal government has managed regulation of GM crops and food. Well-developed human resources in Australian government provided numerous policy documents facilitating a transparent political process. Workable legislation has been devised in the face of criticisms of gene technology though the political process. Conflicts between potential disruptions to food commodity trade by precautionary proposals for environmental protection were one cause of political tensions, and differences in policy priorities at regional political levels versus national and international forums for negotiation were another. Australian policy outcomes on GM crops reflect (a) strong economic self-interest in innovative and productive farming, (b) reliance on global agricultural market reforms through the Cairns trade group and the WTO, and (c) the importance of Codex Alimentarius and WTO instruments SPS and TBT. Precautionary frameworks for GM food safety assurance that are inconsistent with WTO obligations were avoided in legislation. Since 2008 the 2 major parties, Australian Labor Party (ALP) and the Liberals appear to have reached a workable consensus at the Federal policy level about an important role for agricultural biotechnology in Australia's economic future.

Ascendancy of agricultural biotechnology in the Australian political mainstream coexists with technology criticism by a vocal-minority

Science.gov (United States)

Tribe, David

2014-01-01

Australia is a federation of States. This political structure necessitates collaborative arrangements between Australian governments to harmonize national regulation of gene technology and food standards. Extensive political negotiation among institutions of federal government has managed regulation of GM crops and food. Well-developed human resources in Australian government provided numerous policy documents facilitating a transparent political process. Workable legislation has been devised in the face of criticisms of gene technology though the political process. Conflicts between potential disruptions to food commodity trade by precautionary proposals for environmental protection were one cause of political tensions, and differences in policy priorities at regional political levels versus national and international forums for negotiation were another. Australian policy outcomes on GM crops reflect (a) strong economic self-interest in innovative and productive farming, (b) reliance on global agricultural market reforms through the Cairns trade group and the WTO, and (c) the importance of Codex Alimentarius and WTO instruments SPS and TBT. Precautionary frameworks for GM food safety assurance that are inconsistent with WTO obligations were avoided in legislation. Since 2008 the 2 major parties, Australian Labor Party (ALP) and the Liberals appear to have reached a workable consensus at the Federal policy level about an important role for agricultural biotechnology in Australia's economic future. PMID:25437242

How Genetics Might Affect Real Property Rights: Currents in Contemporary Bioethics.

Science.gov (United States)

Rothstein, Mark A; Rothstein, Laura

2016-03-01

New developments in genetics could affect a variety of real property rights. Mortgage lenders, mortgage insurers, real estate sellers, senior living centers, retirement communities, or other parties in residential real estate transactions begin requiring predictive genetic information as part of the application process. One likely use would be by retirement communities to learn an individual's genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. The federal Fair Housing Act prohibits discrimination based on disability, but it is not clear that it would apply to genetic risk assessments. Only California law explicitly applies to this situation and there have been no reported cases. © 2016 American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics.

PingFederate

Data.gov (United States)

US Agency for International Development — PingFederate Server provides Identity Federation and Single Sign On Capabilities. Federated identity management (or identity federation) enables enterprises to...

Agriculture

Science.gov (United States)

The EPA Agriculture Resource Directory offers comprehensive, easy-to-understand information about environmental stewardship on farms and ranches; commonsense, flexible approaches that are both environmentally protective and agriculturally sound.

Regional Welfare Effects of the Common Agricultural Policy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rüdiger ELSHOLZ

2008-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to develop a theoretical framework to analyseregional welfare effects of EU’s Common Agricultural Policy. Given the mix ofagricultural policy measures on the one hand and the differences in the agriculturalproduction structure on the other hand the question how regions are affected iscrucial for analysing the overall welfare effects arising from the CAP. For thisreason the composition of transfers, the program design and the financing of themeasures are on the focus of this paper for regions in the federal state of Hesse,Germany. The analysis wants to contribute to the relevant literature in a twofoldway. Firstly, the federal structure of Germany is taken into account explicitly. Thishas important aspects in regard to the different co-financing rules as well as to thefinancing of the measures or funds. Secondly, much smaller regions – the Hessiancommunities – are considered in this study to obtain exact welfare effects at theregional level. The theoretical framework of this study shows that for rural regionsthe overall CAP generates positive welfare effects while it generates negativeeffects for urban regions.

20 CFR 404.508 - Defeat the purpose of Title II.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Defeat the purpose of Title II. 404.508 Section 404.508 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND... and necessary expenses include: (1) Fixed living expenses, such as food and clothing, rent, mortgage...

78 FR 2319 - Relocation of Regulations

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-11

...) operations; and Bank assistance for the Resolution Funding Corporation (RefCorp). This final rule relocates... Board Part 996/FHFA Part 1271--Subpart E (Authority for Bank Assistance of the Resolution Funding... National Mortgage Association and any affiliate thereof, and any Federal Home Loan Bank. Resolution Funding...

12 CFR 226.36 - Prohibited acts or practices in connection with credit secured by a consumer's principal dwelling.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... credit secured by a consumer's principal dwelling. 226.36 Section 226.36 Banks and Banking FEDERAL... with credit secured by a consumer's principal dwelling. (a) Mortgage broker defined. For purposes of...) Misrepresentation of value of consumer's dwelling—(1) Coercion of appraiser. In connection with a consumer credit...

12 CFR 652.100 - Audit of the risk-based capital stress test.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Audit of the risk-based capital stress test... AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE CORPORATION FUNDING AND FISCAL AFFAIRS Risk-Based Capital Requirements § 652.100 Audit of the risk-based capital stress test. You must have a qualified, independent external auditor review...

Agricultural Overpopulation

OpenAIRE

Bičanić, Rudolf

2003-01-01

The author discusses three different approaches to agricultural overpopulation: from the consumption side, from the production side and from the aspect of immobility of agricultural population. In the first approach agrarian overpopulation is defined from the consumption point of viewas the number of people living from agriculture that can live from aggregate agricultural income at a certain standard of consumption. In this connection the problem of measuring total agricultu...

S. 791: This Act may be cited as the Radon Information Act of 1991, introduced in the US Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session, April 9, 1991

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1991-01-01

This bill was introduced into the US Senate on April 9, 1991 to amend Title III of the Toxic Substances Control Act (15 USC. 2661 et seq.). This legislation will require certain information relating to radon to be made available in connection with certain real estate transactions. In addition, radon testing devices offered for sale will be required to be tested in the radon measurement proficiency program of the Environmental Protection Agency. Buyers of homes have the right to know about radon risks, radon testing, and radon abatement techniques before they purchase a home. The purposes of this bill are: to establish a procedure by which home buyers receive information about radon; and to provide radon-related information to prospective home buyers at the time of all home sale transactions involving mortgage loans that are secured by a first lien on residential real property and are federally insured, guaranteed, made, or assisted or are purchased by a federally chartered secondary mortgage market institution

Does Agricultural Mechanics Laboratory Size Affect Agricultural Education Teachers' Job Satisfaction?

Science.gov (United States)

Byrd, Alex Preston; Anderson, Ryan G.; Paulsen, Thomas H.

2015-01-01

Secondary agricultural education teachers were surveyed to examine if a relationship existed between the physical attributes of agricultural mechanics laboratories and agricultural education teachers' enjoyment of teaching agricultural mechanics. Teachers also indicated their competence to teach courses other than agricultural mechanics within the…

77 FR 66087 - Federal Perkins Loan Program, Federal Family Education Loan Program, and William D. Ford Federal...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-01

..., and 685 Federal Perkins Loan Program, Federal Family Education Loan Program, and William D. Ford... 685 RIN 1840-AD05 [Docket ID ED-2012-OPE-0010] Federal Perkins Loan Program, Federal Family Education... (Perkins Loan) program, Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program, and William D. Ford Federal Direct...

Attitudes of students at College of Food and Agricultural Sciences toward agriculture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohammed Saleh Shenaifi

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The primary purpose of the study was to determine the attitudes of students at the College of Agriculture toward agriculture programs and the field of agriculture in an effort to better identify, recruit, and retain students in the College of Agriculture. The population of the study was 110 students from the College of Agriculture freshmen enrolling in course 203 Ag. ext. Communication skills in 2009 and 60 students who transferred from the College of Agriculture to another College. Questionnaire was reviewed for content and face validity by a panel of experts from the department of Agricultural Extension at the College of Agriculture, King Saud University. A five-point Likert-type scale was used. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found to be 0.89, which indicated the internal consistency of the scale. Ninety-six of the students were from cities and do not have a farm background. Many of them indicated that they were not happy in the College of Agriculture. Only 31.18% of the respondents (53 indicated that more students should be encouraged to enroll in the College of Agriculture, whereas nearly 69 disagreed or were uncertain. The attitudes of students toward the field of Agriculture were positive. Seventy-one of respondents viewed Agriculture as a scientific area of study, nearly 66% of respondents viewed the field of Agriculture as a blend of scientific principles and agricultural practices. Significant differences at the level of 0.01 were detected, in means of students who had been enrolled in Agricultural program and those students who had not. Students who had enrolled in Agriculture program displayed different attitudes toward the field of Agriculture than did students who were in non-Agriculture program. Generally, students who were studying Agriculture programs possessed attitudes, which were supportive of Agriculture as a career field. Freshmen of the College of Agriculture viewed agriculture as being both scientific and technical. It

Conseptual framework of ensuring food security in the Ural federal district

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aleksandr Samvelovich Beletskiy

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The paper reviews the risks and threats to food security of the Ural Federal District which can significantly reduce its the level. The most significant risks are grouped according to the following classification: macroeconomic, technological, climatic, agro-ecological and foreign trade risks. The main directions of economic policy of the Ural Federal District in the area of food security are defined. Particular attention is paid to the improvement of economic and physical availability of food for all groups of population and to the problems of formation of the state material reserves and food safety. Strategic development priorities in the field of agricultural and fishery products, raw materials and food, sustainable development of rural areas in the field of foreign policy are formulated. Conceptual bases for the implementation mechanism of economic policies to ensure food security in the region are suggested.

Keeping wetlands wet in the western United States: adaptations to drought in agriculture-dominated human-natural systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Downard, Rebekah; Endter-Wada, Joanna

2013-12-15

Water is critical to protecting wetlands in arid regions, especially in agriculture-dominated watersheds. This comparative case study analyzes three federal wildlife refuges in the Bear River Basin of the U.S. West where refuge managers secured water supplies by adapting to their local environmental context and their refuge's relationship to agriculture in being either irrigation-dependent, reservoir-adjacent or diked-delta wetlands. We found that each refuge's position confers different opportunities for securing a water supply and entails unique management challenges linked to agricultural water uses. Acquiring contextually-appropriate water rights portfolios was important for protecting these arid region wetlands and was accomplished through various strategies. Once acquired, water is managed to buffer wetlands against fluctuations caused by a dynamic climate and agricultural demands, especially during droughts. Management plans are responsive to needs of neighboring water users and values of the public at large. Such context-specific adaptations will be critical as the West faces climate change and population growth that threaten wetlands and agricultural systems to which they are linked. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Establishing and Analysing the Model of the Factors Affecting the Profits of Private House Mortgage Loans%个人住房抵押贷款利润影响因素的建模与分析

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

彭宜钟; 肖俊喜; 王庆石

2003-01-01

Based on an real bank case, this paper explores the main factors that affect the bank' s profit of housing mortgage loan and then quantify and model them with the profit formation. These models help the bank analyze and mainpulate these factors in order to gain the satisfactory profits.

A Spatial Data Model Desing For The Management Of Agricultural Data (Farmer, Agricultural Land And Agricultural Production)

Science.gov (United States)

Taşkanat, Talha; İbrahim İnan, Halil

2016-04-01

Since the beginning of the 2000s, it has been conducted many projects such as Agricultural Sector Integrated Management Information System, Agriculture Information System, Agricultural Production Registry System and Farmer Registry System by the Turkish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock and the Turkish Statistical Institute in order to establish and manage better agricultural policy and produce better agricultural statistics in Turkey. Yet, it has not been carried out any study for the structuring of a system which can meet the requirements of different institutions and organizations that need similar agricultural data. It has been tried to meet required data only within the frame of the legal regulations from present systems. Whereas the developments in GIS (Geographical Information Systems) and standardization, and Turkey National GIS enterprise in this context necessitate to meet the demands of organizations that use the similar data commonly and to act in terms of a data model logic. In this study, 38 institutions or organization which produce and use agricultural data were detected, that and thanks to survey and interviews undertaken, their needs were tried to be determined. In this study which is financially supported by TUBITAK, it was worked out relationship between farmer, agricultural land and agricultural production data and all of the institutions and organizations in Turkey and in this context, it was worked upon the best detailed and effective possible data model. In the model design, UML which provides object-oriented design was used. In the data model, for the management of spatial data, sub-parcel data model was used. Thanks to this data model, declared and undeclared areas can be detected spatially, and thus declarations can be associated to sub-parcels. Within this framework, it will be able to developed agricultural policies as a result of acquiring more extensive, accurate, spatially manageable and easily updatable farmer and

The utilisation of the product life cycle concept in South African banks dealing with mortgage products and markets

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. J. Herbst

2005-12-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the study as demarcated in this article was to test the use of the product life cycle concept (PLC theory among marketing decision-makers and product decision-makers dealing with mortgage products and markets in the leading South African Banks. The main focus was to test the application and likelihood to use the PLC assumptions provided by Kotler (2003:340 on marketing characteristics, described marketing objectives and the proposed marketing strategies in the four PLC phases. A major finding was that the majority of these decision-makers in banks indicated a high likelihood of continuing to use the product life cycle concept. Another important conclusion of this study was that further empirical research is needed to develop product life cycle concept assumptions to be inclusive of the intangible nature linked to the marketing of services.

7 CFR 1717.609 - RUS approval of general manager.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false RUS approval of general manager. 1717.609 Section... Operational Controls § 1717.609 RUS approval of general manager. (a) If a borrower's mortgage or loan contract... general manager of the borrower's system, such approval is hereby granted provided that the borrower is in...

78 FR 14625 - National Consumer Protection Week, 2013

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-06

... Security Proclamation 8939--100th Anniversary of the United States Department of Labor Order of March 1..., we established a new unit to combat fraud and investigate the abusive lending and mortgage packaging... across the Federal Government joined with consumer advocates to launch www.NCPW.gov , an online resource...

76 FR 16570 - Interest Rate Risk

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-24

... NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION 12 CFR Part 741 RIN 3133-AD66 Interest Rate Risk AGENCY... regulations to require Federally insured credit unions to have a written policy addressing interest rate risk... Risk Management for Credit Unions with Large Positions in Fixed Rate Mortgages; 06-CU-16 Inter-Agency...

Clever farmers give gas: model solutions for agricultural biogas systems. Results from the BMVEL (Federal Ministry for Consumers' Protection, Nutrition and Agriculture) model project 2004/2005: Moel solutions for environment-friendly and economical energy utilization with agricultural biogas systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Niebaum, A.; Jaeger, P.

2005-01-01

With the examples of biogas system concepts from practical agriculture, farmers, consultants, representatives of authorities and all those interested in biogas are shown successful and proved solutions concepts of generating energy from biogas. The project included agricultural enterprises with biogas systems who have implemented a biologically and technically efficient biomass utilization, who have optimized their operations by means of the biogas system, who have integrated their biogas system in their operational concept and who were able to harmonize the objectives of using a biogas system with the environment and the regional specificities

Emerging Agricultural Biotechnologies for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security.

Science.gov (United States)

Anderson, Jennifer A; Gipmans, Martijn; Hurst, Susan; Layton, Raymond; Nehra, Narender; Pickett, John; Shah, Dilip M; Souza, Thiago Lívio P O; Tripathi, Leena

2016-01-20

As global populations continue to increase, agricultural productivity will be challenged to keep pace without overtaxing important environmental resources. A dynamic and integrated approach will be required to solve global food insecurity and position agriculture on a trajectory toward sustainability. Genetically modified (GM) crops enhanced through modern biotechnology represent an important set of tools that can promote sustainable agriculture and improve food security. Several emerging biotechnology approaches were discussed in a recent symposium organized at the 13th IUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry meeting in San Francisco, CA, USA. This paper summarizes the innovative research and several of the new and emerging technologies within the field of agricultural biotechnology that were presented during the symposium. This discussion highlights how agricultural biotechnology fits within the context of sustainable agriculture and improved food security and can be used in support of further development and adoption of beneficial GM crops.

Agricultural policy schemes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Henning Otte

2016-01-01

Agricultural support is a very important element in agricultural policy in many countries. Agricultural support is basically an instrument to meet the overall objectives of the agricultural policy – objectives set by society. There are a great number of instruments and ways of intervention...... in agricultural policy and they have different functions and impacts. Market price support and deficiency payments are two very important instruments in agricultural policy; however, they belong to two different support regimes or support systems. Market price support operates in the so-called high price system...

DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR FROM MOLDOVA THROUGH AGRICULTURE LOANS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aliona SARGO

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Financial institutions present on the market become more attentive when they have to give loans to the agriculture sector. The lack of necessary guarantees the low profit registered in agricultural district, economy instability and other things had and continue to have a negative impact on the evolution of agricultural sector, this being seen as one with a high level of risk. Commercial banks use less own funds for lending to agriculture and especially when the loans are guaranteed from various funds, programs or foreign donor agencies. Farmers find it difficult to bank loans because of collateral amount required is too high. However, commercial banks in Moldova provide agricultural loans, thus increasing the economic efficiency of agriculture.

Agricultural Incentives: Implications for Small-Scale and Subsistence Farming in the US Caribbean Islands

Science.gov (United States)

Alvarez-Berrios, N.; Parés-Ramos, I.; Gould, W. A.

2017-12-01

The effects of climate change threaten the world's most sensitive agroecosystems and our potential to reach agricultural productivity levels needed to feed a projected global population of 9.7 billion people by 2050. The US Caribbean agriculture is especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change, due to the region's frequent exposure to extreme weather events, its geographic and economic scale, shortage of labor force, and rapid urban expansion. Currently, agriculture contributes less than 1% of the island's GDP, and over 80% of the food consumed in the region is imported. Despite low production levels, there is widespread interest in reinvigorating the agricultural sector's contribution to the economy. Local and federal institutions play a major role strengthening the agricultural sector by providing access to incentives, loans, and education for best management practices. However, many of these efforts conform to agricultural systems of larger scale of production and temperate environments. In this study, we explore agricultural incentives programs and their implication for highly diverse, small-scale, and subsistence operations that characterize agricultural systems in Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands. We analyze records and maps from the USDA Farm Service Agency, to typify participating farms, and to track changes in land cover, farm size, crop diversity, practices, and production levels resulting from their enrollment in such programs. Preliminary results indicate that many incentives programs are not tailored to agricultural tropical systems and prescribe alternatives that exclude traditional farming methods employed in small-scale and subsistence farms (e.g. crop insurance that benefit monoculture over intercropped systems). Moreover, many of the incentives are contradictory in their recommendations (e.g., crop insurance benefit sun-grown coffee production, while best agricultural practices recommend agroforestry with shade-grown coffee

77 FR 7558 - Withdrawal of Proposed Rule on Approval of Farm Credit System Lending Institutions in Federal...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-13

... recent difficulties in mortgage finance markets indicated reduced availability of housing credit in rural... System has been a source of consistent and reliable credit for rural homeowners and that the ability to... afoul of the Administration's proposal to reduce government involvement in the housing finance market...

Issues in assessing the economic benefits of ambient ozone control: some examples from agriculture

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adams, R.M.

1983-01-01

Information on the economic benefits arising from alternative secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standards can provide one measure of regulatory efficiency. If benefits assessments are to be used in assessing regulatory impacts of federal standards as recently ordered by President Ronald Reagan, the economic concept of benefits, the limitations of benefits analysis, and the validity of those estimates needs to be clarified. Some methodological and applied issues which can effect the validity of environmental economic assessments as they pertain to agriculture are reviewed. Recent studies from the assessment literature on agriculture are critiqued with respect to how well they address such issues. An attempt is made to identify potential sources of variability in estimates found within that literature. Finally, implications for performance of future assessments are discussed.

24 CFR 206.23 - Shared appreciation.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Shared appreciation. 206.23 Section 206.23 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE...

Managing the downturn

Science.gov (United States)

Urs Buehlmann; Matt Bumgardner; Al Schuler; Jeff Crissey

2008-01-01

After years of seemingly unrestricted growth, the housing market has turned and is deteriorating fast. Housing construction and sales have slowed dramatically, foreclosures have skyrocketed and mortgage rates have increased modestly despite the Federal Reserve's easing of monetary policy. Given the increasingly high dependency of the wood products industry on...

24 CFR 266.100 - Qualified housing finance agency (HFA).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Qualified housing finance agency (HFA). 266.100 Section 266.100 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE...

7 CFR Appendix B to Subpart E of... - Federal Reserve Statistical Release

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... all outstanding bonds neither due nor callable in less than 10 years, including one very low yielding...) 14 8.29 8.26 8.29 8.27 8.15 8.25 8.28 8.33 Corporate bonds Moody's Seasoned AAA 9.03 9.01 9.00 8.99 8....83 State and local bonds 16 7.00 7.00 7.06 7.08 Conventional mortgages 17 9.56 9.56 9.61 9.64...

75 FR 7293 - Temporary Agricultural Employment of H-2A Workers in the United States: 2010 Adverse Effect Wage...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-18

... prevailing piece rate, the agreed-upon collective bargaining rate, or the Federal or State minimum wage rate...-2A Workers in the United States: 2010 Adverse Effect Wage Rates, Allowable Charges for Agricultural... the new 2010 Adverse Effect Wage Rates (AEWRs) and the 2010 maximum allowable meal and travel...

75 FR 78730 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA): Notice of FHA PowerSaver Home Energy Retrofit Loan Pilot...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-16

... Administration (FHA): Notice of FHA PowerSaver Home Energy Retrofit Loan Pilot Program: Extension of Period... proposal to conduct an FHA Home Energy Retrofit Loan Pilot Program (Retrofit Pilot Program or Pilot Program... Efficient Mortgage Innovation pilot program targeted to the single family housing market, and the Retrofit...

Federalism, Agenda Setting, and the Dynamics of Federal Education Policy.

Science.gov (United States)

Manna, Paul

This paper is part of a larger project on agenda setting in the U.S. federal system and the development of the federal education agenda since 1965. Two questions motivate the paper, one theoretical and the other empirical: (1) how does federalism affect the federal agenda?; and (2) what explains the development of federal involvement in K-12…

Federal Holidays

Data.gov (United States)

Office of Personnel Management — Federal law (5 U.S.C. 6103) establishes the following public holidays for Federal employees. Please note that most Federal employees work on a Monday through Friday...

The Common Agricultural Policy Role in Addressing External Shocks - The Case of Russian Import Ban

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ANDREEA DRĂGOI

2015-05-01

Full Text Available The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP is one of the oldest and most controversial common policies and it is financed directly from the European Union budget. Some critics of CAP argue that especially in the context of the challenges brought by the international crisis, this policy represents a “burden” for the European budget. Our research aims to responds those critics by showing that CAP may represent an important tool for addressing the external shocks impact on agricultural sector of EU. In this view, we will highlight the role of CAP in sustaining the European farmer during the crisis generated by the Russian import ban, adopted as a response to the sanctions imposed by EU to the Russian Federation in the context of Ukrainian crisis. Using a quantitative and qualitative analysis we will assess how the CAP has supported the European agricultural sector and also the future measures that could be adopted to create a more flexible response in the case of other external shocks.

46 CFR 390.7 - Deposits into the fund.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... specified in Article 5(c) of this agreement attributable to the operation of agreement vessels, net proceeds... deposits will adversely affect its ability to operate its agreement vessels. In the event of a waiver, the... investment or management of the fund. (i) Federal ship mortgage guarantee or insurance. A fund may serve in...

Agricultural Multifunctionality Evolution and Research into Issues concerning Agriculture,Countryside and Farmers

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

LIU Xin

2012-01-01

From the point of view of agricultural civilization, the history of human civilization is the history of the development of the agricultural civilization. Accompanied by social progress and development of the times, the function of agriculture also experiences the expansion and deepening. In terms of economy, there is a process from mechanized farming to industrialization, then to informatization, modernization and internationalization. The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has also experienced and witnessed this process. In terms of "agriculture, countryside and farmers", the content is complex, diverse, profound, sharp, and changing, constantly testing and challenging our wisdom. When the Document No.1 in 2007 targeted modern agriculture, it indicated that new connotation was integrated into agricultural multifunctionality, standing at a new starting point. At present, the function of agriculture is still deepening; there are tremendous achievements and outstanding problems concurrently in issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. We take the agricultural multifunctionality as breakthrough point for exploration and research.

Mosquito and Fly Surveillance and Control Research at the USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology: Solving Operational Challenges

Science.gov (United States)

The Mosquito and Fly Research Unit of the USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology located in Gainesville Florida is the largest Federal laboratory devoted to specifically solving operational mosquito and fly surveillance and control challenges in the U.S. and internationa...

[Ecological agriculture: future of Good Agriculture Practice of Chinese materia medica].

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Lan-ping; Zhou, Liang-yun; Mo, Ge; Wang, Sheng; Huang, Lu-qi

2015-09-01

Based on the ecological and economic problems in Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) of Chinese material medica, we introduced the origin, concept, features and operative technology of eco-agriculture worldwide, emphasizing its modes on different biological levels of landscape, ecosystem, community, population, individual and gene in China. And on this basis, we analyzed the background and current situation of eco-agriculture of Chinese materia medica, and proposed its development ideas and key tasks, including: (1) Analysis and planning of the production pattern of Chinese material medica national wide. (2) Typical features extraction of regional agriculture of Chinese materia medica. (3) Investigation of the interaction and its mechanism between typical Chinese materia medica in each region and the micro-ecology of rhizosphere soil. (4) Study on technology of eco-agriculture of Chinese materia medica. (5) Extraction and solidification of eco-agriculture modes of Chinese materia medica. (6) Study on the theory of eco-agriculture of Chinese materia medica. Also we pointed out that GAP and eco-agriculture of Chinese material medica are both different and relative, but they are not contradictory with their own features. It is an irresistible trend to promote eco-agriculture in the GAP of Chinese material medica and coordinate ecological and economic development.